REVISION LOG
                                                     Prepared for

                                                  PT. PLN UIP JBT I

                          Document:                           ESIA-UCPS-2021
                          Revision Number:                    Rev.6
                          Issue Date:                         30 April 2021

REVISION LOG

                      Reviewed by                                                   Approved by




                    <insert initial/paraf here>                                  <insert initial/paraf here>




               < Insert Name & Position here>                                  < Insert Name & Position here>

                    PLN Project Manager                                           PLN Senior Manager




                                                     REVISION LOG

      Version No.                  Date                  Revised by:                         Revised Section


   Final                 27 April 2021            World Bank Review Team,        Entire document
                                                  Rona Dennis, Erik Meijaard




                                                                                                                i
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Contents
REVISION LOG ............................................................................................................................... i
ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................................................... xix
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... xxii
EXEC 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... xxii
EXEC 2. PROJECT LOCATION AND COMPONENTS ...................................................... xxiv
   Exec 2.1 Purpose of the project ............................................................................................. xxv
   Exec 2.2 History of project preparation including Bank involvement since 2009......... xxvi
   Exec 2.3 UCPS Progress to Date ......................................................................................... xxvii
   Exec 2.4 Environmental and Social Studies and Activities between 2011 and 2020 ESIA
   ............................................................................................................................................... xxviii
EXEC 3. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONTEXT ................................ xxx
   Exec 3.1 Climate ..................................................................................................................... xxx
   Exec 3.2 Topography .............................................................................................................. xxx
   Exec 3.3 Terrestrial Land Cover and Biodiversity ............................................................. xxxi
   Exec 3.4 River Hydrology and Biodiversity ..................................................................... xxxiii
   Exec 3.5 Settlement and Social Context............................................................................. xxxv
EXEC 4. KEY RISKS, IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES.................................... xxxvii
   Exec 4.1 Changes to the river flow and habitat .............................................................. xxxvii
   Exec 4.2 Key risks and impacts on terrestrial biodiversity and mitigation measures ...... xl
   Exec 4.3 Climate change risk from greenhouse gas emissions ........................................... xli
   Exec 4.4 Risks and mitigation of construction occupational health and safety ............. xliii
   Exec 4.5 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Impacts ....................................................... xliv
   Exec 4.6 Construction worker management / influx management / community health and
   safety risks (including Gender-Based Violence) ................................................................ xlv
   Exec 4.7 Livelihood changes in forest dependent communities ...................................... xlvi
   Exec 4.8 Impact on Income Associated with Construction Activities .............................. xlvi
   Exec 4.9 Community dissatisfaction and grievance mechanism. ..................................... xlvi
   Exec 4.10 Cultural heritage ..................................................................................................xlvii
   Exec 4.11 Dam Safety ............................................................................................................xlvii
   Exec 4.12 Social Benefits .................................................................................................... xlviii
   Exec 4.13 Environmental and Social Assessment Studies and Management Plans to be
   Prepared ............................................................................................................................... xlviii
Exec 5. Environmental and Social Management Plan Outline .................................................. l
CHAPTER 1.               INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 0
   1.1        Overview of Hydropower and ESIA Report ................................................................. 0
   1.2        Electricity System on the Java-Bali Grid ........................................................................ 2
   1.3        UCPS Hydropower Plant and its Functions in the Java-Bali Network ....................... 4

                                                                                                                                                      ii
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
  1.4     Main Features of UCPS Hydropower ............................................................................ 5
  1.5     ESIA Area Definitions ..................................................................................................... 6
  1.6     Main Features of ESIA .................................................................................................... 8
     1.6.1      Resettlement............................................................................................................. 8
     1.6.2      Impact of construction activities on society........................................................... 9
     1.6.3      Impact on River Systems ......................................................................................... 9
     1.6.4      Impact on Terrestrial Biodiversity........................................................................ 10
     1.6.5      Reservoir Security, Dam Safety and Management of Community Safety ........ 10
     1.6.6      Socio-Economic Benefits ....................................................................................... 10
  1.7     Relationship to Programs and Other Documents ....................................................... 11
     1.7.1      Previous EIA and SIA documentation ................................................................. 11
     1.7.2      Environmental and Social Report......................................................................... 11
     1.7.3      Technical Investigation Design and Report......................................................... 12
     1.7.4      Related Programs .................................................................................................. 13
CHAPTER 2.          INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK............................................ 14
  2.1     West Java Province Spatial Plan................................................................................... 14
  2.2     Protection and Management of the Environment ...................................................... 15
  2.3     Other Related Laws and Regulations .......................................................................... 17
     2.3.1      Electricity Laws and Regulations ......................................................................... 17
     2.3.2      Land Acquisition Legislation and Process........................................................... 17
     2.3.3      Legislation Concerning Village Treasury Land .................................................. 19
     2.3.4      Construction Activities Legislation ...................................................................... 20
     2.3.5      Employment and OHS Laws and Regulations.................................................... 21
     2.3.6      Quarry Mining Regulations .................................................................................. 28
     2.3.7      Borrowing and Use of Forest Areas Permit Legislation ..................................... 28
     2.3.8      Legislation concerning Utilization of Water Resources ...................................... 28
     2.3.9      Legislation concerning Extra High Voltage Transmission Lines ....................... 29
     2.3.10     Endangered Wildlife and Biological Resources Protection ................................ 30
     2.3.11     Gender and Gender Based Violence .................................................................... 31
     2.3.12     Legislation Related to Corporate Social Responsibility ...................................... 33
  2.4     International Commitments ......................................................................................... 33
CHAPTER 3.          WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL FRAMEWORK (ESF) 37
  3.1     ESS-1 Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impact
          37
  3.2     ESS-2 Labor and Working Conditions ......................................................................... 37
  3.3     ESS-3 Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management ................... 37
  3.4     ESS-4 Community Health and Safety .......................................................................... 37


                                                                                                                                        iii
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
  3.5       ESS-5 Land Acquisition, Restrictions to Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement .. 38
  3.6 ESS-7: Indigenous Peoples, Historically Underserved, Traditional Local
  Communities ............................................................................................................................. 38
  3.7       ESS-10 Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure .................................. 39
  3.8       Gap analysis of Indonesian laws and regulations verses ESS ................................... 39
CHAPTER 4.             DESCRIPTION OF UCPS HYDROPOWER PLANT....................................... 44
  4.1       Introduction and Background ...................................................................................... 44
  4.2       Location, Accessibility and Layout .............................................................................. 45
  4.3       Design, Size and Capacity ............................................................................................ 46
     4.3.1         Main Features of Hydropower Plant ................................................................... 46
     4.3.2         Upper and Lower Dams and Reservoirs ............................................................. 50
     4.3.3         Tunnels and Power Plants .................................................................................... 52
     4.3.4         Terminator Yard, Switchyard and Administration Building Cables ................. 53
     4.3.5         Transmission Network .......................................................................................... 53
     4.3.6         Access roads and temporary roads ...................................................................... 57
  4.4       Infrastructure Construction, Programs and Manpower Management ..................... 59
     4.4.1         Quarry .................................................................................................................... 59
     4.4.2         Materials and Waste Management ....................................................................... 60
     4.4.3         Slope stabilization.................................................................................................. 60
     4.4.4         Worker's barracks/ basecamp, offices and additional work locations.............. 61
     4.4.5         Water, Sanitation and Solid Waste ....................................................................... 61
     4.4.6         Electricity Supply................................................................................................... 61
     4.4.7         Mobilization and Traffic........................................................................................ 62
     4.4.8         Construction time .................................................................................................. 62
     4.4.9         Labor ....................................................................................................................... 62
  4.5       Required Land ............................................................................................................... 62
  4.6       Reservoir Preparation and Inundation Process .......................................................... 63
  4.7       Operations of the UCPS Hydropower Plant ............................................................... 64
     4.7.1         Water Requirements during Operations ............................................................. 65
     4.7.2         Reservoir Access and Management ..................................................................... 65
     4.7.3         Reservoir Sedimentation ....................................................................................... 66
     4.7.4         Flood Emergency Operational Procedure ........................................................... 69
     4.7.5         Electric Power Transmission Line ........................................................................ 69
CHAPTER 5.             ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS ........................................................................... 71
  5.1       Electricity Network System in Java-Bali without the UCPS Hydropower Plant ..... 71
  5.2       Alternative Dam / Reservoir Configurations ............................................................. 71
     5.2.1         Hydraulic Design of Lower Dam Overflow Channels ....................................... 72


                                                                                                                                                iv
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
     5.2.2       Outlet Channel Capacity ....................................................................................... 72
     5.2.3       Diversion Channel Design .................................................................................... 72
     5.2.4       Open Ground Works, Switchyard, Office Buildings and Outlet Channels ...... 73
  5.3     Penstocks........................................................................................................................ 73
  5.4     Quarry Alternatives ...................................................................................................... 73
  5.5     Alternative Access Roads ............................................................................................. 74
  5.6     Temporary Works Layout ............................................................................................ 75
  5.7     Reservoir Filling ............................................................................................................ 75
  5.8     Alternative Transmission Network Lines ................................................................... 75
CHAPTER 6.          ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE INFORMATION......................................... 76
  6.1     Introduction ................................................................................................................... 76
  6.2     Climate ........................................................................................................................... 76
     6.2.1       Rainfall Characteristics.......................................................................................... 77
     6.2.2       Temperature Characteristics ................................................................................. 78
     6.2.3       Wind Characteristics ............................................................................................. 78
     6.2.4       Climate Change ..................................................................................................... 79
  6.3     Topography ................................................................................................................... 84
  6.4     Geology .......................................................................................................................... 86
  6.5     Land Use and Land Cover............................................................................................ 88
     6.5.1       Land Use in the Cisokan Watershed .................................................................... 88
     6.5.2       Transmission Line Land Use ................................................................................ 88
     6.5.3       Land Use at the UCPS Project Site ....................................................................... 89
     6.5.4       Land Use Land Cover Change ............................................................................. 94
  6.6     Ambient Air Quality, Noise and Vibration ............................................................... 100
     6.6.1       Ambient Air Quality ........................................................................................... 101
     6.6.2       Noise ..................................................................................................................... 103
     6.6.3       Vibration............................................................................................................... 103
     6.6.4       Sensitive receptors to noise, air quality and vibration ...................................... 104
  6.7     Hydrology.................................................................................................................... 105
     6.7.1       Watershed Overview........................................................................................... 105
     6.7.2       River Characteristics............................................................................................ 107
     6.7.3       River Flow ............................................................................................................ 109
     6.7.4       Cisokan River at the Cisokan Weir .................................................................... 110
     6.7.5       Cisokan River at the UCPS Lower Dam ............................................................ 111
     6.7.6       Flood Discharge ................................................................................................... 112
  6.8     Downstream Users of Cisokan River ......................................................................... 112
  6.9     Surface Water Quality ................................................................................................. 118

                                                                                                                                              v
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
  6.10    Erosion and Sedimentation ........................................................................................ 126
  6.11    Groundwater ............................................................................................................... 127
     6.11.1      Groundwater levels ............................................................................................. 127
     6.11.2      Groundwater Quality .......................................................................................... 129
  6.12    Biodiversity .................................................................................................................. 136
     6.12.1      Regional Biodiversity Values .............................................................................. 136
     6.12.2      Threatened species, protected areas and Key Biodiversity Areas of Java ....... 137
     6.12.3      Floral Biodiversity ............................................................................................... 138
     6.12.4      Faunal Biodiversity.............................................................................................. 139
     6.12.5      Aquatic Biodiversity ............................................................................................ 141
     6.12.6      Critical Habitat, Natural Habitat and Modified Habitat Assessment ............. 144
CHAPTER 7.          SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASELINE CONDITION ............................................ 149
  7.1     Introduction ................................................................................................................. 149
  7.2     Location of Settlement and Housing ......................................................................... 150
  7.3     Demography ................................................................................................................ 151
  7.4     Community Structure ................................................................................................. 153
     7.4.1       Community Structure and Services ................................................................... 153
     7.4.2       Family and Community Structure ..................................................................... 153
     7.4.3       Religion and Culture ........................................................................................... 154
     7.4.4       Social Relation and Gathering ............................................................................ 155
  7.5     Gender and Gender Based Violence .......................................................................... 157
     7.5.1       Local Gender Relations and Socio-Economic Context ...................................... 157
     7.5.2       Local Gender Based Violence Context ............................................................... 157
  7.6     Community Infrastructure ......................................................................................... 158
     7.6.1       Water .................................................................................................................... 158
     7.6.2       Electricity .............................................................................................................. 159
     7.6.3       Roads and Bridges ............................................................................................... 159
     7.6.4       Sanitation and Waste ........................................................................................... 160
  7.7     Livelihood .................................................................................................................... 161
  7.8     Employment Opportunity .......................................................................................... 163
  7.9     Income and Poverty Levels ........................................................................................ 163
  7.10    Land Ownership and Use ........................................................................................... 165
  7.11    Ecosystem Services ...................................................................................................... 165
     7.11.1      Types of Ecosystem Services............................................................................... 166
     7.11.2      The Use of Natural Resources and Ecosystem Services ................................... 166
  7.12    Health Service .............................................................................................................. 173
  7.13    Public Opinion............................................................................................................. 173

                                                                                                                                            vi
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
      7.13.1       Activity Engagement and Community Feedback ............................................. 173
      7.13.2       Mechanism and Types of Complaints................................................................ 173
   7.14     Traffic and Road Safety............................................................................................... 174
   7.15     Natural Disaster Assessment ..................................................................................... 176
      7.15.1       Seismic .................................................................................................................. 176
      7.15.2       Slope Stability ...................................................................................................... 177
      7.15.3       Landslide Characteristics and Management of Slope ....................................... 177
      7.15.4       Rock Porosity ....................................................................................................... 177
   7.16     Cultural Heritage ........................................................................................................ 178
CHAPTER 8.            PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND FEEDBACK ............................................. 179
CHAPTER 9.            METHODOLOGY FOR IMPACT ASSESSMENT ......................................... 191
   9.1      Impact Assessment...................................................................................................... 191
      9.1.1        Magnitude of Impact ........................................................................................... 193
      9.1.2        Sensitivity of Receptor......................................................................................... 193
      9.1.3        Likelihood of impact ........................................................................................... 193
      9.1.4        Severity of Impact ................................................................................................ 194
      9.1.5        Significance of Impact ......................................................................................... 194
   9.2      Mitigation Measures ................................................................................................... 195
CHAPTER 10.  ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT –
CONSTRUCTION PHASE......................................................................................................... 197
   10.1     Introduction ................................................................................................................. 197
   10.2     Environmental Impact of the Construction Stage..................................................... 197
      10.2.1       Erosion and Sedimentation ................................................................................. 197
      10.2.2       Aquatic Habitat and Water Quality ................................................................... 204
      10.2.3       Aquatic biota ........................................................................................................ 209
      10.2.4       Groundwater........................................................................................................ 210
      10.2.5       Air Quality ........................................................................................................... 211
      10.2.6       Noise ..................................................................................................................... 215
      10.2.7       Vibration............................................................................................................... 223
      10.2.8       Access to Water Sources in Gunung Karang Quarry ........................................ 230
      10.2.9       Terrestrial Biodiversity........................................................................................ 231
   10.3     Land Acquisition and Resettlement Impacts ............................................................ 241
      10.3.1       Livelihood Changes............................................................................................. 244
      10.3.2       Demographic Change.......................................................................................... 247
      10.3.3       Impact on Income Associated with Construction Activities ............................ 247
      10.3.4       Risk of Labour from Outside the Project Area .................................................. 248
      10.3.5       Impact on Cultural Heritage............................................................................... 249


                                                                                                                                             vii
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
      10.3.6       Community Perceptions around the Project ..................................................... 251
      10.3.7       Danger of Traffic Accidents ................................................................................ 253
      10.3.8       Economic Employment and Business Opportunities ....................................... 254
      10.3.9       Community Lifestyle, Health and Culture ........................................................ 255
   10.4     Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Impacts during Construction Stage ......... 257
      10.4.1       Discussion of Impacts.......................................................................................... 257
      10.4.2       Impact Evaluation and Significance ................................................................... 259
CHAPTER 11.  ENVIRONMENTAL                      AND            SOCIO-ECONOMIC                           IMPACTS               –
IMPOUNDMENT STAGE ......................................................................................................... 262
   11.1     Introduction ................................................................................................................. 262
   11.2     Environmental Impact of the Inundation Phase ....................................................... 262
      11.2.1       Changes in River Flow ........................................................................................ 262
      11.2.2       Changes in River Habitat and Biodiversity ....................................................... 265
      11.2.3       Erosion and sedimentation in Upper and Lower dams ................................... 266
      11.2.4       Reduced Vegetation and Loss of Habitat .......................................................... 268
      11.2.5       Habitat Fragmentation and Barriers .................................................................. 271
      11.2.6       Population Decline and Threats to Protected Wildlife ..................................... 272
      11.2.7       Disturbance to the Movement of Birds on the Transmission Line .................. 273
   11.3     Social Impact of the Inundation Stage ....................................................................... 274
      11.3.1       Downstream Users of the Cisokan River ........................................................... 274
      11.3.2       Community Connectivity (Bridge Access) ........................................................ 276
CHAPTER 12.               ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT – OPERATIONAL STAGE
                          278
   12.1     Introduction ................................................................................................................. 278
   12.2     Environmental Impact Operational Stage ................................................................. 278
      12.2.1       Erosion and Sedimentation ................................................................................. 278
      12.2.2       Changes in River Flow, and Water Availability for UCPS Downstream Users
                   282
      12.2.3       River Habitat ........................................................................................................ 285
      12.2.4       River Water Quality ............................................................................................ 286
      12.2.5       Land Use Changes, specifically around the transmission lines ....................... 289
      12.2.6       Visual Impact on Transmission Line.................................................................. 294
      12.2.7       Biodiversity .......................................................................................................... 297
      12.2.8       Greenhouse Gas Emissions ................................................................................. 305
      12.2.9       Noise and Vibration ............................................................................................ 308
   12.3     Social Impacts During Operational Stage.................................................................. 308
      12.3.1       Developments along the access road by immigrants ........................................ 309
      12.3.2       Electric and Magnetic Fields (EMF) of the Transmission Line......................... 309

                                                                                                                                         viii
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
     12.3.3       Water-borne Diseases .......................................................................................... 311
  12.4     Occupational Health and Safety ................................................................................ 312
  12.5     Dam Safety ................................................................................................................... 315
  12.6     Cumulative Impacts .................................................................................................... 316
CHAPTER 13.              ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ................ 321
  13.1     General ......................................................................................................................... 321
  13.2     Purpose and Objectives .............................................................................................. 322
  13.3     ESMP Organization and Structure ............................................................................. 323
  13.4     ESMP Roles and Responsibilities ............................................................................... 325
  13.5     Impact Mitigation Framework (Environmental and Social Management Plan) .... 326
  13.6     Environmental and Social Management Mitigation Construction Stage................ 330
     13.6.1       River Habitat and Water Quality ....................................................................... 330
     13.6.2       Erosion and Sedimentation ................................................................................. 330
     13.6.3       Air Quality ........................................................................................................... 330
     13.6.4       Noise ..................................................................................................................... 331
     13.6.5       Vibration............................................................................................................... 331
     13.6.6       Biodiversity Impacts from the Reservoirs and Access Road ............................ 331
     13.6.7       Access to water Sources in Quarry Gunung Karang ........................................ 335
     13.6.8       Process and Impact of Resettlement................................................................... 336
     13.6.9       Livelihood Change .............................................................................................. 336
     13.6.10         Risk of Labor from Outside the Project Area (Labor Influx) ........................ 336
     13.6.11         Cultural Heritage ............................................................................................. 338
     13.6.12         Social Disturbance from Communities around the Project .......................... 338
     13.6.13         Traffic Safety .................................................................................................... 338
     13.6.14         Occupational Health and Safety ..................................................................... 339
  13.7     Environmental and Social Management Mitigation Inundation Stage ................... 339
     13.7.1       Changes in River Flow Habitat and Biodiversity.............................................. 339
     13.7.2       Erosion and Sedimentation in Upper Dam and Lower Dam ........................... 340
     13.7.3       Downstream Users of the Cisokan River ........................................................... 340
     13.7.4       Community Connectivity (Bridge Access) ........................................................ 341
  13.8     Environmental and Social Management Mitigation Operational Stage ................. 341
     13.8.1 Hydrology, River Flow Discharge, and Water Availability for UCPS
     Downstream Users ............................................................................................................. 341
     13.8.2       River Habitat, Erosion and Sedimentation ........................................................ 341
     13.8.3       River Water Quality ............................................................................................ 342
     13.8.4       Land Use Changes in Transmission Line 500 kV Corridor .............................. 342
     13.8.5       Electric and Magnetic Fields (EMF) of the Transmission Line......................... 343


                                                                                                                                              ix
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
       13.8.6       Biodiversity Impact Mitigation of the Transmission Infrastructure ................ 343
       13.8.7       Reforestation, Ecological Connectivity and Forest Management .................... 347
   13.9      Grievance Mechanism................................................................................................. 350
   13.10         Reporting ................................................................................................................. 350
   13.11         Capacity Development............................................................................................ 351
       13.11.1          Training ............................................................................................................ 351
   13.12         Plan Monitoring and Review.................................................................................. 355
       13.12.1          ESMP Review ................................................................................................... 355
       13.12.2          New Impacts and Activities ............................................................................ 356
       13.12.3          ESMP Control and Updates ............................................................................ 356
       13.12.4          Government Agency Review .......................................................................... 356
       13.12.5          World Bank Review ......................................................................................... 356
   13.13         Estimated Costs ....................................................................................................... 357
CHAPTER 14.                CONCLUSION............................................................................................. 360
   14.1      Resettlement ................................................................................................................ 360
   14.2      Socio-Economic Benefits and Development Impact on Society ............................... 361
   14.3      Biodiversity Impacts ................................................................................................... 361
   14.4      Environmental Impacts in Rivers Downstream of the Dam .................................... 362
   14.5      Dam Safety, Security and Reservoir Management ................................................... 363
CHAPTER 15.                COMMITMENT TO FOLLOW UP STUDIES AND ACTION.................. 364
CLOSING ................................................................................................................................... 366
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 367
APPENDIX A. LIST OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT
INSTRUMENTS ........................................................................................................................ 377
APPENDIX B. MAPS OF UCPS PROJECT ............................................................................... 378
APPENDIX C. RULES AND REGULATIONS ......................................................................... 392
   Rules and Laws ....................................................................................................................... 392
   Government Regulations ....................................................................................................... 393
   Presidential Regulation .......................................................................................................... 394
   Ministerial Regulations and Decree ...................................................................................... 394
   Head of BAPEDAL Decree .................................................................................................... 395
   Local Regulations.................................................................................................................... 396
   Circular Letter ......................................................................................................................... 396
APPENDIX D. ENVIRONMENTAL PERMIT ......................................................................... 398
APPENDIX E. ORGANIZATIONAL TEAM ............................................................................ 403
APPENDIX F. SPECIES LISTS ................................................................................................... 406
APPENDIX G. DRAFT TOR FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL PANEL .................. 432


                                                                                                                                               x
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
APPENDIX H. PHYSICAL CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY ........................................... 437


TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Location of UCPS in the Cianjur and Bandung Barat Regencies on Java, Indonesia.
Showing in red and yellow the access road and in black the transmission lines ................. xxiv
Figure 2. Layout of the Pumped Storage Scheme .................................................................... xxv
Figure 3. Topography of the Cisokan Watershed, showing in green the lower-lying parts
where the UCPS project will be developed and in red the higher mountains from which the
Cisokan River originates. ........................................................................................................... xxx
Figure 4. Land Cover in the UCPS project area (2020) showing in red the access road and
quarry and the two transmission lines..................................................................................... xxxi
Figure 5. Cisokan River Sub-Watersheds .............................................................................. xxxiii
Figure 6. Flow Duration Curve of Cisokan River @ Lower Dam (synthesized from Manglid
Station) ..................................................................................................................................... xxxiv
Figure 7. Cihea Irrigation Scheme and Cisokan Dam (Cisuru Weir) ................................... xxxv
Figure 8. Settlement Patterns in the UCPS Project Area ....................................................... xxxvi
Figure 9. Long Term Development Plan for Java-Bali System ................................................. xlii
Figure 10. Java-Bali System Emission Intensity ....................................................................... xliii
Figure 11. Map of UCPS Location on Java Island and West Java Province ............................... 1
Figure 12. (a) Total Daily Electricity Charges in Java-Bali when Needs Reach the Highest
Amount (1990-2006) and (b) Peak Needs in 2019......................................................................... 3
Figure 13. Ecological landscape context of the upper and lower dam areas, showing in dark
green the long-term reforestation targets, in light green the core biodiversity areas (BIAs), and
in yellow the biodiversity corridors .............................................................................................. 7
Figure 14. Boundary of Study Areas ............................................................................................. 7
Figure 15. UCPS Project Location, including access road (red), upper and lower dam (dark
blue) and transmission lines (orange). ........................................................................................ 45
Figure 16 Location of UCPS Hydropower Plant Main Construction ....................................... 46
Figure 17. Work System of UCPS Hydropower Plant ............................................................... 50
Figure 18. Transmission Line Route ............................................................................................ 54
Figure 19. Map of access road, surrounding landscape and land cover, and villages ............ 58
Figure 20. Access Road Conditions (May, 2020) ........................................................................ 59
Figure 21. Model of Daily Needs of Electricity required by the Java-Bali Network in 2012,
Shows Daily Power Generation (output) and the Pumping Cycle of the UCPS Hydropower
Plant. Source: PLN/Newjec Inc., 2007d ...................................................................................... 64
Figure 22. Curve H-V in (a) Upper Dam and (b) Lower Dam .................................................. 67
Figure 23. Curve H-Q in (a) Upper Dam and (b) Lower Dam .................................................. 68
Figure 24. Location Map of Rain Stations and Bandung Geophysical Stations ....................... 77
Figure 25. Rain Distribution in the Cisokan Watershed ............................................................ 77
Figure 26 Average, minimum and maximum temperatures between 1999 and 2019, indicating
a slight increase in mean temperature. ....................................................................................... 78
Figure 27. Wind Distribution in the Bandung Area, indicating predominant west-north-
western and southeastern winds. ................................................................................................ 79
Figure 28. Number of Rainy Days in Various Rain Intensity Categories ................................. 80
Figure 29. Changes in the Amount of Annual Rainfall for Each Decade at Various Weather
Stations .......................................................................................................................................... 80
Figure 30. Change in Average Rainfall Pattern for Each Decade in the Study Area ............... 81
Figure 31. Comparison of Average Minimum and Maximum Temperature .......................... 81

                                                                                                                                                  xi
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 32. Seasonal Rainfall Changes Projection in Java Island................................................ 82
Figure 33. Projections of Change in CCD and CWD for the Period 2023-2040 in Java Island 83
Figure 34. Projections of Changes in Average Temperature for the Period 2032-2040 in Java
Island ............................................................................................................................................. 84
Figure 35. Topographic Map of the Cisokan Watershed ........................................................... 85
Figure 36. Slope Map in UCPS..................................................................................................... 86
Figure 37. Geological Map of the UCPS Cisokan Area enlarged from the Geological Map of
Cianjur ........................................................................................................................................... 87
Figure 38. Land Use Map in the UCPS Cisokan Watershed in 2020......................................... 88
Figure 39. Land Use on the Transmission Line .......................................................................... 89
Figure 40. Land Use Map at the UCPS Project Site .................................................................... 90
Figure 41. Secondary Natural Forest in the Lower UCPS Watershed Area, with Cirug Walet
waterfall in the background......................................................................................................... 90
Figure 42. Poorly maintained Production Forest in the Study Area with pine ....................... 91
Figure 43. Agroforestry and rice cultivation in the Study Area................................................ 92
Figure 44. Shifting agriculture in shrubland areas..................................................................... 92
Figure 45. Rice Fields and Fish Ponds in the Study Area .......................................................... 93
Figure 46. Settlement in upper dam area with village gardens of coconut and other species 94
Figure 47. Examples of changes in land use around Walet Waterfall in 2013 - 2017 – 2020 ... 94
Figure 48. Confirmation of land cover change in the Study Area ............................................ 95
Figure 49. The appearance of new settlements on road access ................................................. 95
Figure 50. Location of Lembur Sawah Hamlet, Sukaresmi Village (a) 2013 and (b) 2020. ..... 96
Figure 51. Location of Lower Dam (top) 2013 and (bottom) 2020 with red circles showing
ongoing land clearing for agriculture during the time the access road was developed. The blue
line indicates the approximate boundary of Gowek forest. ...................................................... 97
Figure 52. Location of Resettlement Pasir Jegud, Sukaresmi Village (top) 2013 and (bottom)
2020. ............................................................................................................................................... 98
Figure 53. Location of Resettlement Pasir Laja (top) 2013 and (bottom) 2020 ......................... 99
Figure 54. The location of ambient air quality, noise, and vibration measurement points .. 100
Figure 55. Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) data in UCPS area in relation to government
standard ...................................................................................................................................... 101
Figure 56. Carbon Monoxide (CO) trend data around UCPS ................................................. 102
Figure 57. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) trend data around UCPS....................................................... 102
Figure 58. Trending Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) data around UCPS .......................................... 103
Figure 59. Noise Data Trend around UCPS.............................................................................. 103
Figure 60. Vibration data around UCPS ................................................................................... 104
Figure 61. Sensitive Receptors (residential properties) in the vicinity of the quarry, access road
and upper and lower dam areas. Yellow areas are those were air quality, noise and vibration
are likely to affect communities................................................................................................. 104
Figure 62. The Citarum Watershed with the Cirata, Jatiluhur and Walahar reservoirs (Nes and
Firmansyah 2013)........................................................................................................................ 105
Figure 63. Drainage Pattern in Cisokan sub-Watershed ......................................................... 106
Figure 64. Drainage Pattern in Cijambu sub-Watershed ......................................................... 107
Figure 65. Cisokan River at the site of the lower dam ............................................................. 107
Figure 66. Cirumamis Upstream (Left) and Downstream (Right) .......................................... 108
Figure 67. Annual Flow Hydrograph, Cisokan River at the Cisokan Weir (Cihea Irrigation
Scheme) 2001-2020 ...................................................................................................................... 110
Figure 68. Flow Duration Curve Cisokan River at the Cisokan Weir (Cihea Irrigation Scheme)
2001-2020 ..................................................................................................................................... 111
Figure 69. Estimated Flow Duration Curve Hydrograph of Cisokan River at the Lower Dam
site, based on Manglid Station Data.......................................................................................... 111
                                                                                                                                                   xii
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 70. The meeting point of the Cisokan River and the Cikondang River in the
Downstream Village of the Cisokan River ............................................................................... 113
Figure 71. Cisokan Weir (Cihea Scheme) .................................................................................. 114
Figure 72. Cisokan Dam (Cihea Irrigation Scheme) (left) Dry Season (September, 2020) and
(right) Flood Season (March, 2020) ........................................................................................... 114
Figure 73. Average Cisokan River Discharge and Cihea Scheme Intake at 2001-2020.......... 115
Figure 74. Cihea Scheme Water Intake Graph (2001 – 2015) ................................................... 117
Figure 75. Location of Water Quality Observation Points (blue triangles) ............................ 118
Figure 76. Average value of BOD Contamination in different river areas ............................. 121
Figure 77. Annual fluctuations in BOD Value between 2012 and 2019 on the River in the Study
Area ............................................................................................................................................. 121
Figure 78. Value of COD in the River Basin Around UCPS .................................................... 122
Figure 79. COD Value for 2012 - 2019 on the River in the Study Area ................................... 122
Figure 80. Dissolved Oxygen Value 2012 - 2019 in the River in the Study Area ................... 123
Figure 81. Observations of Dissolved Solids Values 2012-2019 in the River Around the Project
Area ............................................................................................................................................. 123
Figure 82. Observations of Mercury (Hg) Value 2012-2019 in the River Around the Project
Area ............................................................................................................................................. 124
Figure 83. Relationship Between Sedimentation and River Discharge .................................. 126
Figure 84. Existing Potential Erosion in the UCPS Project Area ............................................. 127
Figure 85. Groundwater Level Monitoring Results ................................................................. 128
Figure 86. Groundwater Level Monitoring Location............................................................... 128
Figure 87. Groundwater Level Monitoring Results ................................................................. 129
Figure 88. Groundwater Quality Sampling Locations ............................................................. 129
Figure 89. The UCPS project area in relation to protected areas and Key Biodiversity Areas
...................................................................................................................................................... 138
Figure 90. Settlement and Housing Around UCPS Area ........................................................ 151
Figure 91. Bridge replacement in the lower reservoir.............................................................. 160
Figure 92. New main agriculture-related occupations of the PAPs based on the land status
before and after the compensation payment (%) ..................................................................... 162
Figure 93. Village Community Financial Capital in the Context of Sustainable Living ....... 164
Figure 94. Projection of Food Demand in Village at Cisokan Watershed .............................. 171
Figure 95. Food Balance in Cisokan Watershed ....................................................................... 172
Figure 96. Java Seismic Seismicity 1900-2012 (Jones et al. 2014). Blue star in top map indicates
project location............................................................................................................................ 176
Figure 97. Erosion Rate Classification ....................................................................................... 199
Figure 98. The distribution of the erosion rate based on the classification ............................ 200
Figure 99. Decreasing Concentration of Air Pollution Due to Exhaust Gas Emissions for
Vehicles Transporting Equipment and Materials with increasing distance from the Transport
Road............................................................................................................................................. 213
Figure 100. Noise Modelling Based on ISO 9613-2 .................................................................. 216
Figure 101. Noise Dispersion Prediction in Quarry Gunung Karang .................................... 217
Figure 102. Noise Dispersion Prediction in Access Road ........................................................ 219
Figure 103. Noise Dispersion Prediction around the Main Construction Site ....................... 221
Figure 104. Distribution of Vibration Levels in Quarry Gunung Karang .............................. 225
Figure 105. Larger landscape context of the project area with green areas indicating core
habitats for the species trigger Critical Habitat and yellow areas indicating connecting habitat.
No detailed recent land cover map was available for the area around the access road and
quarry. ......................................................................................................................................... 232



                                                                                                                                                    xiii
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 106. UCPS landscape showing land cover, presence of species triggering Critical
Habitat, and the approximate extent of the study area in which these species have been
assessed ....................................................................................................................................... 233
Figure 107. Net gain scenario of the biodiversity offset against the counterfactual scenario and
in relation to direct and indirect impacts. ................................................................................. 235
Figure 108. Mitigation hierarchy showing how different impacts relate to different mitigation
measures...................................................................................................................................... 237
Figure 109. Map showing general direction across Java of September – November raptor
migration, which follows a general course through and north of the central mountain range
on the island, and runs perpendicular to the main transmission line route (Nijman et al. 2006).
Red line indicates the approximate location and direction of transmission lines. ................ 240
Figure 110. Increased Draw-Down Erosion Rate ..................................................................... 267
Figure 111. Potential Landslide Zone and Unstable Soil in the UCPS Reservoir .................. 279
Figure 112. The distribution of the erosion strip based on the classification of the UCPS
Operational Stage in the Cisokan watershed ........................................................................... 280
Figure 113 Projected village pollutant load in the Cisokan catchment area for BOD parameters
for 2020-2025-2035 ...................................................................................................................... 287
Figure 114. Pollution Load per Village for COD Parameters in 2020 - 2025 – 2035............... 288
Figure 115. Pollution Load per Village for TSS Parameters for 2020 - 2025 – 2035 ............... 288
Figure 116. Land Use on the UCPS Transmission Line ........................................................... 290
Figure 117. Land Use Change Graph in the 500 kV UCPS Transmission Line. Blue = existing
land cover. Red = potential landcover following transmission line development. “Hutan” =
forest; “Semak” = scrub; “Sawah” = wet rice field. ................................................................. 292
Figure 118. Visualization of 500 kV Transmission Line........................................................... 293
Figure 119. Visualization of UCPS Transmission Line Modeling Results.............................. 294
Figure 120. Location of Visual Impact Observation on UCPS Transmission Line Construction
Plan; (a) Low (b) Moderate (c) High ......................................................................................... 295
Figure 121. Distribution of Visual Conditions Observation Around the Transmission Line 296
Figure 122. Buffer Area and Vegetation Restoration Targets in Reservoir Management during
the Operational Stage ................................................................................................................. 303
Figure 123. Long Term Development Plan for Java-Bali System ............................................ 307
Figure 124. Java-Bali System Carbon Emission Intensity ........................................................ 308
Figure 125. A 400 kV line, with all conductor wires in the same horizontal plane. This picture
also demonstrates the almost invisible thin earth wire (black arrow) in top (Photo: EWT-WEP)
(Prinsen et al. 2012). .................................................................................................................... 346

Figure B1. Integration Maps of UCPS Project .......................................................................... 378
Figure B2. Quarry and surrounding landscape and land cover ............................................. 379
Figure B3. Upper Dam Design and Reservoir Plan ................................................................. 380
Figure B4. Upper dam engineering plan .................................................................................. 381
Figure B5. Lower Dam Design and Reservoir Plan ................................................................. 382
Figure B6. Lower dam engineering plan .................................................................................. 383
Figure B7. Temporary Working Process during Construction Stage, including disposal site,
basecamp or workers and sheet pile location........................................................................... 384
Figure B8. Upper and Lower Dam Design ............................................................................... 385
Figure B9. Sliding Zones and Slope .......................................................................................... 386
Figure B10. Quarry of Karang Mountain .................................................................................. 387
Figure B11. Forestry Use Zones in Project Area ....................................................................... 388
Figure B12. Acquisition land of UCPS Project.......................................................................... 389
Figure B13. Prospective Replacement Land for Forest Area of West Bandung Regency ..... 390


                                                                                                                                              xiv
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Estimated Average Monthly Mean Flow Cisokan River @ Lower Dam, based on
Manglid Station Data. ............................................................................................................. xxxiii
Table 2. Probability of Flood Discharge at Any Return Period, Upper and Lower Dam ... xxxv
Table 3. Representation of Average Downstream e-flow Releases During Inundation (Wet
Season)..................................................................................................................................... xxxvii
Table 4. Proposed Operational Regime for Inflow and Outflow During Inundation (Wet
Season).................................................................................................................................... xxxviii
Table 5. Proposed Operational Regime for Inflow and Outflow During Operation.......... xxxix
Table 6. Summary of ESMP Sub-Plans........................................................................................... l
Table 7. Composition of Power Plants by Type of Fuel in the Java-Bali Region (Gigawatt-Hour)
.......................................................................................................................................................... 4
Table 8. Comparison of the Advantages of UCPS Pumped Storage Hydropower Plant as a
Peaking Plant to Other Hydropower Plants................................................................................. 5
Table 9. Key Gender Milestones by Government of Indonesia................................................. 32
Table 10. Assessment of the relevant laws and regulations in Indonesia against the
requirements of the World Bank’s Environmental and Social Standards (ESSs) .................... 39
Table 11. Main Features of UCPS Hydropower Plant ............................................................... 47
Table 12. The number of power transmission 500 kV towers in each village. Source: (PLN,
2019a) ............................................................................................................................................. 54
Table 13 Summary of Volume Estimates in Major Excavations and Construction Materials 60
Table 14. Water Balance During Wet Season (Dec – May) Inundation .................................... 63
Table 15. Summary of Quarry Location Alternatives ................................................................ 73
Table 16 Summary of Alternative Roads ................................................................................... 74
Table 17. Wind Speed and Direction of Monitoring Results in Study Area ............................ 79
Table 18. Geological Formation in the Project area .................................................................... 86
Table 19. Ambient air quality, noise and vibration ANDAL 2007 UCPS Hydropower Plant
...................................................................................................................................................... 100
Table 20. Cirumamis and Cisokan River Characteristics ........................................................ 108
Table 21. UCPS Hydrology and Design Study History ........................................................... 109
Table 22. Estimated Average Monthly Mean Flow Cisokan River at the Lower Dam site, based
on Manglid Station Data ............................................................................................................ 112
Table 23. Probability of Flood Discharge at Any of Return Period in Upper and Lower Dam
...................................................................................................................................................... 112
Table 24. Average Water Quality in Rivers Around UCPS. Orange colours indicate parameters
that locally exceed the government thresholds ........................................................................ 118
Table 25. Pollution Level based on the Dominance Index of Aquatic Biota .......................... 125
Table 26. Groundwater Quality at Several Monitoring Locations Around the UCPS Project
Area. Orange colours indicate where the parameters exceed the threshold set by the
government standard ................................................................................................................. 131
Table 27. Groundwater Quality at Multiple Monitoring Locations Around the UCPS Project
Area (Continued) ........................................................................................................................ 133
Table 28. Plankton and Benthos identification Year 2019........................................................ 142
Table 29. Criteria that can trigger the identification of Critical Habitat and the thresholds that
provide these triggers................................................................................................................. 146
Table 30. Species that trigger Critical Habitat in UCPS ........................................................... 147
Table 31. Summary of Social Impact Analysis and Methodology .......................................... 149
Table 32. Population Distribution in UCPS Area ..................................................................... 152
Table 33. Social Institution in Village around UCPS project ................................................... 155
Table 34. Number of families with social welfare problems in Cianjur Regency .................. 163

                                                                                                                                                       xv
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Table 35. The list of villages based on their average household expenditure and savings .. 164
Table 36. Agriculture Production in the Cisokan Watershed by Commodities (padi = rice;
jagung = maize; kedelai = soy; ubi = sweet potato .................................................................. 169
Table 37. Summary of questions, input and suggestions submitted by the community ...... 179
Table 38. Summary of public consultations held by PLN since 2008 ..................................... 181
Table 39. Impact Assessment Terminology .............................................................................. 191
Table 40. Likelihood Categories ................................................................................................ 193
Table 41. Determining the Severity of Impacts ........................................................................ 194
Table 42. Determining the Significance of Impacts .................................................................. 194
Table 43. Definition of Significance of Impact .......................................................................... 195
Table 44. Potential Impacts on Water Bodies Due to Sediment Disturbance during
Construction ............................................................................................................................... 198
Table 45. Potential Erosion at Major Construction Sites .......................................................... 198
Table 46. Potential Erosion Rate at Major Construction Sites ................................................. 199
Table 47. Soil Loss and Productivity Impact Assessment ....................................................... 200
Table 48. Erosion and Sedimentation Impact Assessment of Cisokan and Cilenkong Rivers in
Construction Stage ..................................................................................................................... 201
Table 49. Erosion and Sedimentation Impact Assessment of Cirumamis River in Construction
Stage ............................................................................................................................................ 202
Table 50. Impact Assessment of Sedimentation in Cijambu River ......................................... 204
Table 51. Impact Assessment of River Habitat and Water Quality of Cisokan River during the
Construction Stage ..................................................................................................................... 206
Table 52. Impact Assessment of River Habitat and Water Quality of Cirumamis River during
the Construction Stage ............................................................................................................... 207
Table 53. Impact Assessment of River Habitat and Water Quality of Cirendeu River during
the Construction Stage ............................................................................................................... 208
Table 54. Air Quality Impact Assessment on Gunung Karang Quarry.................................. 211
Table 55. Concentration of Diesel Engine Exhaust Gas ........................................................... 212
Table 56. Air Quality Impact Assessment on Access Road during the Construction Stage . 213
Table 57. Air Quality Impact Assessment at Main Construction Sites during the Construction
Stage ............................................................................................................................................ 214
Table 58. Noise Impact Assessment on Gunung Karang Quarry during Construction Stage
...................................................................................................................................................... 217
Table 59. Amount of Noise Level at Varying Distances from Access Road ........................... 218
Table 60. Noise Impact Assessment on Access Road during the Construction Stage ........... 219
Table 61. Noise Impact Assessment at Main Construction Sites during the Construction Stage
...................................................................................................................................................... 221
Table 62. Noise Impact Assessment on the Transmission Line during the Construction Stage
...................................................................................................................................................... 222
Table 63. Estimated Value of Vibration at Certain Distance Around Gunung Karang Quarry
...................................................................................................................................................... 224
Table 64. Vibration Impact Assessment at Gunung Karang Quarry During Construction Stage
...................................................................................................................................................... 225
Table 65. Estimated Value of Vibration at Specific Distance on the Passage ......................... 226
Table 66. Vibration Impact Assessment along the Access Road during the Construction Stage
...................................................................................................................................................... 227
Table 67. Vibration Source for Construction Equipment at 25 ft ............................................ 228
Table 68. Vibration Source for Construction Equipment at 500 ft .......................................... 228
Table 69. Vibration Impact Assessment at Major Construction Sites During Construction Stage
...................................................................................................................................................... 229
Table 70. Impact Assessment on the Gunung Karang Quarry Water Resource .................... 230
                                                                                                                                                    xvi
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Table 71. Estimated areas of direct and indirect impacts on critical habitat .......................... 233
Table 72. Composition of landscape scale land cover in the UCPS area in 2016 and 2019 ... 234
Table 73. Impact Assessment of Population Decline and Threats to Protected Wildlife at UCPS
Construction Stage ..................................................................................................................... 238
Table 74. Land Acquisition and Resettlement Impacts ........................................................... 243
Table 75. Impact Assessment on Livelihood Changes............................................................. 245
Table 76. Impact Assessment on Women Land Owners Livelihoods .................................... 246
Table 77. Impact Assessment on Demographic Changes ........................................................ 247
Table 78. Impact Assessment on Income Related to Construction Activities ........................ 247
Table 79. Impact Assessment on Workers from Outside UCPS to Social Activities in the Project
Area ............................................................................................................................................. 249
Table 80. Impact Assessment on Intangible Cultural Heritage............................................... 250
Table 81. Impact Assessment on Public Social Disturbance around the Project.................... 252
Table 82. Traffic Safety Impact Assessment ............................................................................. 254
Table 83. Impact Assessment on Employment and Business Opportunities ......................... 255
Table 84. Impact Assessment on Community Lifestyle, Health and Culture ........................ 256
Table 85. Impact Assessment High Risk Construction Activities ........................................... 261
Table 86. Storage volumes of upper and lower dams .............................................................. 262
Table 87. Representation of average downstream e-flow releases during inundation during
the wet season ............................................................................................................................. 263
Table 88. Proposed regime for inflow and outflow during inundation ................................. 263
Table 89. Impact Assessment of Cisokan and Cirumamis River Flow During the Inundation
Stage ............................................................................................................................................ 264
Table 90. Impact Assessment of Habitat Change and Biodiversity in the Cisokan and
Cirumamis Rivers during the Inundation Phase ..................................................................... 266
Table 91. Assessment of the Draw-Down Erosion-Sedimentation Impact of the Upper and
Lower Dams during the Inundation Phase .............................................................................. 267
Table 92. Landcover Gain/Loss Ratios and Net Change from 2016 to 2019 .......................... 270
Table 93. Impact Assessment of Reduced Vegetation and Loss of Habitat ........................... 270
Table 94. Habitat Fragmentation and Barrier Impact Assessment ......................................... 271
Table 95. Impact Assessment of Population Decline and Threats to Protected Wildlife ...... 272
Table 96. Interference Impact Assessment on the movement of birds on the Transmission Line
...................................................................................................................................................... 273
Table 97. Downstream User Impact Assessment during the Inundation Stage .................... 275
Table 98. Community Connectivity Impact Assessment (Bridge Access).............................. 277
Table 99. Potential Erosion at UCPS Sites ................................................................................. 279
Table 100. Potential Erosion Rate in UCPS Sites ...................................................................... 280
Table 101. Impact Assessment of Erosion and Sedimentation Changes in the Cisokan River
during the Operational Stage .................................................................................................... 281
Table 102. Proposed operational regime for inflow and outflow during operation ............. 283
Table 103. Impact Assessment of Cisokan River Flow During the Operational Stage .......... 284
Table 104. River Habitat Quality Impact Assessment during the Operational Stage ........... 285
Table 105. Cisokan River Water Quality Impact Assessment Operational Stage .................. 289
Table 106. Minimum Vertical and Horizontal Clearance Distance for Types of Transmission
Lines and Voltage ....................................................................................................................... 291
Table 107. Land Use Impact Assessment from the 500 kV UCPS Transmission Line at the
Operational Stage ....................................................................................................................... 293
Table 108. Visual Impact Assessment Due to the existence of the UCPS 500 kV Transmission
Line .............................................................................................................................................. 296
Table 109. Impact Assessment of Deforestation and Forest Degradation through Agricultural
Conversion .................................................................................................................................. 298
                                                                                                                                                   xvii
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Table 110. Impact Assessment of Wild Animal Hunting and Catching ................................. 299
Table 111. Impact Assessment of Increased Access and Development .................................. 301
Table 112. Impact Assessment of Occurrence Electric Shock and Collision Risks to the Wild
Animals on the Transmission Line............................................................................................ 302
Table 113. Assessment of the impact of revegetation on buffer areas at the operational stage
of UCPS ....................................................................................................................................... 303
Table 114. Estimated areas of direct and indirect impacts, parts of which are Critical Habitat.
...................................................................................................................................................... 305
Table 115. Impact Assessment of Development Along the Access Road by Immigrants ..... 309
Table 116. Impact Assessment of Transmission Line on Health at the Operational Stage ... 310
Table 117. Top Ten Diseases Around the Project Area. Source: (PLN, 2011b)....................... 311
Table 118. Impact Assessment High Risk Inundation/Operational Activities ..................... 314
Table 119 CIA Outcomes............................................................................................................ 318
Table 120 Summary of ESMP Sub-plans ................................................................................... 323
Table 121 List of Plan, Tasks, Sub-Plans and the Roles and Responsibilities for Supervision,
Review, Revision and Implementation ..................................................................................... 325
Table 120. Overview of Impact Significance and related mitigation needs ........................... 326
Table 123. Key Labor Risk Assessment and Mitigation Measures ......................................... 337
Table 124 Reports and Reporting Requirements ...................................................................... 350
Table 126 Capacity Building for Construction Phase .............................................................. 352
Table 126 Training for Inundation and Operation Phase ........................................................ 354
Table 127 Estimate of Costs to implement the ESMP and sub-plans ..................................... 357




                                                                                                                                                  xviii
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
ABBREVIATIONS
ACSR            = Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced
ANDAL           = Analisis Dampak Lingkungan Hidup/ Environmental Impact Analysis Report
AMDAL           = Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan Hidup/ Environmental Impact Analysis
ANFO            = Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil
AoI             = Area of Interest
AWLR            = Automatic Water Level Recorder
BIA             = Biodiversity Important Area
BKSDA           = Badan Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam/Nature Conservation Agency
BMP             = Biodiversity Management Plan
BOD             = Biological Oxygen Demand
BPD             = Badan Permusyawaratan Desa/Village Representative Council
CITES           = Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
CO              = Carbon Monoxide
COD             = Chemical Oxygen Demand
CR              = Critically Endangered IUCN Category
DAS             = Daerah Aliran Sungai/Watershed
DI              = Daerah Irigasi/Irrigation Area
DO              = Dissolved Oxygen
DPT             = Dinding Penahan Tanah/Retaining Wall/Rock
EIA             = Environmental Impact Assessment
EMF             = Electromotive Field
ESDM            = Energi Sumber Daya Mineral (Minerba)/Indonesian Ministry of Energy and
                Mineral Resources
ESIA            = Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
ESF             = Environmental and Social Framework
EN              = Endangered IUCN Category
ESMP            = Environmental and Social Management Plan
ESS             = Environmental and Social Standards
ESCP            = Environmental and Social Commitment Plan
FDC             = Flow Duration Curve
FTIP            = Fakultas Teknologi Industri Pertanian/Faculty of Agroindustrial
                  Technology
GBV             = Gender Based Violence
GEV             = Generalized Extreme Value
GPS             = Global Positioning System
GSW             = Galvanished Steel Wire
GTF             = Grievance Task Force
GW              = Giga Watt
Ha              = Hectare
HC              = Hydrocarbon
HSE             = Health, Safety, and Environment
HWL             = High Water Level

                                                                                       xix
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Hz              = Hertz
IMA             = Independent Monitoring Agency
IUCN            = International Union for Conservation of Nature
km              = Kilometers
km2             = Kilometer square
kp.             = Kampung/hamlet
kV              = Kilo Volt
LARAP           = Land Acquisition and Resettlement Action Plan
LKMD            = Lembaga Ketahanan Masyarakat Desa/Village Community Resilience Council
LMP             = Labor Management Procedures
LPM             = Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat/Community Empowerment Council
LWL             = Low Water Level
m               = meters
m3              = Cubic meters
mm              = milimeters
MCK             = Mandi Cuci Kakus/bathing, washing as well as serving as a lavatory by
                  the community
MW              = Mega Watt
NA              = Not Available
NAB             = Nilai Ambang Batas/Threshold Value
NO2             = Nitrogen Dioxide
OPGW            = Optical Ground Wire
PAPs            = Project Affected Persons
P2T             = Panitia Pengadaan Tanah/ Land Acquisition Committee
P3A             = Petani Pengguna Air/Water User Farmer
PAUD            = Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini/Early childhood education
PCR             = Physical Cultural Resources
Permen          = Peraturan Menteri/ ministerial decree
PKK             = Pembedayaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga/Family Empowerment Council
PLN             = Pembangkit Listrik Negara/State Electricity Company
PPKH            = Pinjam Pakai Kawasan Hutan/forest lease-to-use
RCC             = Roller Compacted Concrete
RKL             = Rencana Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup Environmental Management Plan
RPL             = Rencana Pemantauan Lingkungan Hidup Environmental Monitoring Plan
RUPTL           = Rencana Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik / Electricity Supply Business
                  Plan
Sec             = Second
SAA             = Social Acceptance Assessment
SCMP            = Social Community Management Plan
SNI             = Standar Nasional Indonesia/Indonesian National Standard
SO2             = Sulfur Dioxide
SOP             = Standard Operating Procedure
SPPT            = Surat Pemberitahuan Pajak Terutang/ Land and Building Tax
SUTET           = Saluran Udara Tegangan Ekstra Tinggi/Extra High Voltage Transmission Line

                                                                                        xx
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
TDS             = Total Dissolve Solids
TMKH            = Tukar Menukar Kawasan Hutan/Forest Estate Exchange
TSP             = Total Suspended Particulate
TSS             = Total Suspended Solid
UCPS            = Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage
UKL             = Upaya Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup/Environmental Management Effort
Unpad           = Universitas Padjadjaran
UIP             = Unit Induk Pembangunan (development business unit)
UPL             = Upaya Pemantauan Lingkungan Hidup/ Environmental Monitoring Effort
USLE            = Universal Soil Loss Equation
VU              = Vulnerable IUCN Category
WTP             = Warga Terdampak Proyek/Project-affected People




                                                                                       xxi
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

EXEC 1. INTRODUCTION
The ESIA presents an assessment of potential environmental and social risks and impacts of
the Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage (UCPS) hydropower project. This ESIA document is an
update of the EIA prepared and submitted to the World Bank in 2011. This update was carried
out to comply and align with the environmental and social standards (ESS1 – ESS10) of the
World Bank Environmental and Social Framework 2018. There are three associated plans
namely the ESMP (Environmental and Social Management Plan), SCMP (Social Community
Management Plan), and BMP (Biodiversity Management Plan) and two frameworks i.e. LARF
(Land Acquisition and Resettlement Framework) and Forest Partnership Framework (FPF).
These plans and frameworks detail the mitigation measures that must be carried out in order
to minimize the potential negative environmental and social impacts that may arise as a result
of the UCPS hydropower project construction, inundation and operational activities.

The UCPS Scheme is a peak power generation plant that will provide up to 1040MW of
electricity to the Java-Bali grid, on the island of Java, Indonesia. The developer is the State-
Owned Enterprise Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN). The UCPS is located on the boundary
of two regencies, West Bandung and Cianjur, within the Cisokan River catchment (a sub-
catchment of the Ciratum River). This is the first pumped storage scheme in Indonesia.
Pumped storage is very different than conventional hydropower. Electricity is generated
during peak daily periods as water is released from the upper reservoir through tunnels to
the powerhouse and discharged to the lower reservoir. During off-peak periods water is
pumped from the lower reservoir back up to the upper reservoir, consuming energy from the
grid in the process. Water is recycled between reservoirs on a daily basis and all other river
inflow is passed downstream through the dam structures.

PLN has approached the World Bank to finance the construction of the UCPS scheme. The
Concept Project Information Document for the ‘Development of Pumped Storage
Hydropower in Java Bali System Project (P172256)’ was approved in January 2020. This is a
renewed engagement between the World Bank and PLN on the UCPS, which started in 2008
with the Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Hydro-Electrical (1040MW) Power Project
(P112158).

In May 2011, the World Bank approved a US$640 million IBRD loan to support the
development of the Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage (UCPS) Project as well as the feasibility
study and Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for the Matenggeng Pumped
Storage (MPS) Project. Unfortunately, the project faced several delays.             The early
implementation periods needed to focus on land acquisition, resettlement and finalizing the
mapping of biodiversity important areas and finding sustainable ways to deal with these
issues. This took longer than foreseen during project appraisal and was only completed after
four years. Furthermore, it took almost two years before an owner’s engineer was hired and
the technical design process for the plant could start. Due to inadequate quality of work by
the owner’s engineer, the design of the plant also needed to be revised following the guidance
of the Project Review Panel (PRP). By early 2016, all the main issues had been largely
completed and procurement of the three main contracts successfully carried out – ending with
contract signing for the construction of the civil works and hydraulic metal works; and award
of contract for the electro-mechanical works. However, the access road which was originally
to be provided by PLN to the contractor was not completed at the time, and subsequently a

                                                                                            xxii
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
major landslide further deteriorated parts of the already incomplete access road. Due to the
inability of PLN and the contractor to agree on the contractual terms under this scenario, start
of construction of the main civil works contract (Upper and Lower Dams, Powerhouse and
Underground Works) was severely delayed. While the Bank proactively encouraged for an
early resolution of the resulting contractual differences between PLN and the contractor, those
turned out to be intractable. As of May 2, 2017, only US$32.9 million (5 percent) of the project
funding was disbursed, and due to the lack of progress on resolving the dispute, the Bank
decided to partially cancel US$596 million of the loan associated with the construction of the
physical facilities of UCPS Scheme. The revised UCPS Project has since then been restructured
to focus on the feasibility study and ESIA for the Matenggeng Pumped Storage Project
(Another Pumped Storage Scheme that PLN envisaged to construct after UCPS), as well as
capacity building.

Therefore, the UCPS environmental and social assessment has been informed by a broad
range of studies, stakeholder engagement and reports undertaken by PLN between 1998 and
2020. The set of documentation prepared for the World Bank funding appraisal for the
proposed Development of Pumped Storage Hydropower in Java Bali System Project (P172256) are
an update and synthesis of this extended program of work and engagement with the World
Bank. The updates have been prepared to reflect the current state of the project and to comply
with the environmental and social standards of the World Bank Environmental and Social
Framework. The documents disclosed now for public consultation and feedback are:

    •   Environmental and Social Impact Assessment. Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage
        (UCPS) Hydropower Project 1040MW. Draft. February 2021.
    •   Environmental and Social Management Plan. Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage (UCPS)
        Hydropower Project 1040MW. Draft. February 2021.
    •   Social Community Management Plan (SCMP). Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage
        (UCPS) Hydropower Project 1040MW. 2020.
    •   Social Impact Assessment Report. Updated Environmental Assessment Physical
        Cultural Resources (PCR). Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Project. 2009.
    •   Forest Partnership Framework in the Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Project and its
        Adjacent Areas. December 2020.
    •   Land Acquisition and Resettlement Frameworks (LARF). January 2021.
    •   Biodiversity Management Plan (BMP) Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Hydropower.
        Achieving Biodiversity Conservation Through Integrated Catchment Management.
        February 2021.




                                                                                           xxiii
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
EXEC 2. PROJECT LOCATION AND COMPONENTS
The UCPS hydropower scheme is located approximately 150 km south and east from the
capital city of Jakarta and 50 km from Indonesia’s third largest city, Bandung (Figure 1).




Figure 1. Location of UCPS in the Cianjur and Bandung Barat Regencies on Java, Indonesia.
Showing in red and yellow the access road and in black the transmission lines

The scheme is located in the Cisokan River catchment, part of the Ciratum River catchment
that flows north to the Java Sea. Four conventional hydropower and / or irrigation dams are
located downstream of UCPS site or in adjacent sub-catchments; the Cisokan Weir (Cihea
Irrigation Scheme), the Saguling and Cirata hydropower schemes and the Jatiluhur
multipurpose scheme.

The UCPS comprises two dams and reservoirs (‘upper’ and ‘lower’); tunnels, underground
powerhouse, access roads, switchyard, quarry, temporary construction facilities
(accommodation, roads, workshops, laydown areas etc.) and two 500kV transmission lines
(Figure 2). The dam is located at 800m above sea level, with a 75.5 m high dam wall and a
reservoir surface area of 80 ha when the water level is at maximum.

The lower dam is situated at about 460m asl on the Cisokan River (watershed area of 374 km2)
and comprises a 98 m high dam wall with a reservoir surface area at highest water level of 260
ha. The power plant, with a capacity of 1,040 MW and a pump capacity of 1,100 MW, will be
built underground. Two high voltage transmission lines (15.5 km and 15.9 km) will connect
the UCPS hydropower plant with the Cibinong-Saguling network in the north. A new 27 km
long access road has been constructed (completed in 2019) to provide access to the
construction site, and the existing 7 km long road between the quarry and the new access road
has been upgraded. The existing Gunung Karang Quarry will be used as a source of rock
foundation and building materials.



                                                                                         xxiv
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 2. Layout of the Pumped Storage Scheme

The total land area required for the UCPS project is approximately 731.76 ha, consisting of
310.06 ha of privately-owned land, 12.16 ha of village treasury land, 0.54 ha of waqf land, and
409 Ha of forestry land. The total percentage of land that has been acquired by February 2021
is 721.92 ha equals to 98.65%.

During construction many temporary facilities will be required, such as accommodation and
facilities for workers, workshops, offices, laydown areas, concrete batching, and temporary
roads. A 20 kV grid connection will be constructed prior to UCPS construction to provide
electricity during the construction period.

Exec 2.1 Purpose of the project
The objective of the UCPS scheme is to significantly increase the peaking capacity of the power
generation system in Java-Bali grid in an environmentally and socially sustainable way and
strengthen the institutional capacity of the project implementing entity Perusahaan Listrik
Negara (PLN) in hydropower planning, development and operation.

UCPS will aim to support instantaneous balancing of electricity supply and demand, thereby
maintaining power system stability, security and reliability. It will also provide the storage
capacity the power system needs to enable integration of variable renewable energy such as
solar and wind energy. In a pumped storage scheme, it is run as a pump station where
electricity from the power system is consumed and water is pumped into an upper reservoir
and stored. When energy is required by the grid, it is operated as a power generation plant
where water is released through one (or more) turbines to a lower reservoir generating
electricity to the grid. It can flexibly switch between the water pumping mode to a power

                                                                                           xxv
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
generating mode within minutes, allowing it to quickly ramp up to full power production
capacity to meet peak demand.1 Pumped water draws from grid electricity during off-peak
time, when the price of electricity is low and the system has surplus power, while electricity
from a pumped storage plant is produced during peak time when the price of electricity is
high and the system needs power supply. In addition to arbitrage benefits, UCPS scheme will
reduce the need to use electricity at high costs from inefficient thermal plants. As a proven
technology, a large-scale pumped storage plant, such as UCPS with a 1 GW capacity, when is
running at power generation mode, could displace equivalent amount of electricity from
thermal plant(s) that would otherwise need to be added to the grid to meet the peak demand.

UCPS scheme will also provide a number of ancillary services to the grid. The flexibility and
speed of hydropower turbine operations supports frequency control, allowing for reduction
in system operating costs and improving system-wide efficiency. Its ability to switch between
pumping and generator modes and ability to absorb valuable reactive power (MVARs) at
crucial points on the power system (when used as a Synchronous Condenser (SynCon)) help
voltage regulation and stabilization, providing network control services that reduce the
overall cost of dispatch and improve system stability. UCPS will provide rapid system restart
(or black-start) in the event of black-out of the power system and can also provide outage
insurance to cover unplanned outage of other generators or provide contracted coverage for
scheduled maintenance periods of other generators.

The ancillary services provided to the grid by UCPS scheme will be particularly valuable to
integration of variable renewables at large scale because of its storage capacity. The dynamic
response of pumped storage plants would contribute to providing a quick response to power
demand variations on the Java-Bali power system and to follow the load more accurately.
These features would provide better voltage regulation and ability to stabilize the grid system
by the pump-turbine spinning or performing part-load operation. In addition, pumped
storage is considered more cost-efficient than battery storage and has much smaller
environmental footprint than large hydropower.

Exec 2.2 History of project preparation including Bank involvement since 2009
The UCPS project has been approved and implemented based on several relevant laws and
regulations applicable in Indonesia, and specifically the Decree of the Governor of West Java
Number 593 / Kep-596-Pemksm / 2018 dated June 8, 2018 concerning the Third Amendment
to the Decree of the Governor of West Java Number 593 /Kep.1386/Pemum/2011 concerning
Stipulation of Land Acquisition Location for the Construction of the Upper Cisokan Pumped
Storage (UCPS) hydropower plant in West Bandung Regency and Cianjur Regency for the
UCPS hydropower plant. The Indonesian ESIA (called ‘ANDAL’) was prep ared in 2009 and
PLN since received the environmental permit from the AMDAL committee.

Engagement of the World Bank with the UCPS started in 2008 under the Upper Cisokan Pumped
Storage Hydro-Electrical (1040MW) Power Project (P112158). The development objective was to
significantly increase the peaking capacity of the power generation system in Java-Bali in an
environmentally and socially sustainable way and strengthen the institutional capacity of the
project implementing entity (PLN) in hydro-power planning, development and operation. A
Consolidated Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Plan were
published in March 2011, based on the Indonesian ANDAL ESIA and additional field surveys

1
 In comparison, a thermal (e.g., coal) plant with a steam turbine generator takes more than six hours to start its
operation from cold start to full load, and its use as partial load is inefficient and highly polluting.


                                                                                                            xxvi
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
and consultations conducted in 2008 and 2009. This document was prepared in accordance
with the World Bank safeguards policies. In 2011, three Land Acquisition and Resettlement
for Project Affected People (LARAP) reports (for reservoir, access road, transmission line)
were prepared at this time in accordance with World Bank safeguard policy OP4.12
Involuntary Resettlement and disclosed online. The project was approved for financing by the
World Bank board in 2011. A World Bank Mid-Term Review mission was held in March 2016,
five years after the project was approved. The review noted that Project implementation was
significantly delayed with construction not yet started and only 5% of loan funds disbursed.
This situation made it unlikely that the project's development objectives could be met by
project close without significant remedial actions in areas such as procurement; project and
contract management; environmental and social management; and coordination and
monitoring. A partial cancellation for the Upper Cisokan component was signed by the World
Bank Regional Vice President on May 2, 2017. The Project had a first restructuring approved
on December 21, 2018 to a new focus reflected in the Bank’s continued role in supervision of
resettlement activities in compliance with the Project’s LARAP and capacity building.

In 2019, more than two years after the partial cancellation of the loan, PLN has expressed
interest in having Bank financing for the Project again. Concept Project Information Document
and Environmental and Social Review Summary for ‘Development of Pumped Storage
Hydropower in Java Bali System Project (P172256)’ were disclosed by the World Bank in 2020.
The project environmental and social risk management instruments disclosed under P172256
are prepared for compliance with the standards in the World Bank Environmental and Social
Framework.

Exec 2.3 UCPS Progress to Date
The Cisokan River was identified as a suitable area for pumped storage hydropower in 1985.
A feasibility study was carried out in 1993-1995 and the first impact and environmental
analysis in 1998.

Work on the detailed engineering design was undertaken from 1999 to 2002, followed by
supplementary design engineering work in 2006 and 2007. From 2012 to 2013 the detailed
design was updated and bid documents were subsequently prepared for the main
construction works2. Bid document preparation, prequalification of bidders and the selection
of the Contractor for the main works (upper dam, lower dam, tunnels, powerhouse,
switchyard, buildings) was subsequently completed. From 2012 to 2017, PLN retained a panel
of experts with expertise to review/advise in roller compacted concrete dam design, rock
mechanics, engineering geology, instrumentation system design, and hydraulic structures,
which reviewed, advised and signed off on key outputs. PLN also retained a panel of
international and Indonesian social and environmental experts, who provided review and
advisory on the implementation of the ESMP and LARAP.

The construction of UCPS hydropower plant began with the construction of a permanent
access road to the main construction project site. Throughout 2012 to 2019, the land acquisition
and resettlement process for the new access road and the construction process were carried
out. At the same time, land acquisition, resettlement and upgrades to local roads were carried
out. Land acquisition and resettlement also occurred for the dam, reservoir, power station
infrastructure and transmission lines occurred from 2012 – 2019.


2   Lot 1a Upper and Lower Dams and Lot 1b Waterways, Powerhouse, Switchyard and Buildings.


                                                                                              xxvii
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Exec 2.4 Environmental and Social Studies and Activities between 2011 and 2020
     ESIA
A number of studies have contributed to environmental and social assessment and the
mitigation of environmental and social impacts. PLN has had an ongoing program of
recruiting external consultants and university teams to collect data, undertake studies and to
monitor impacts. Consultation and engagement have been regularly carried out with the
community and key stakeholders since the 1990’s.

1998            ANDAL Report UCPS Cisokan (PT.PLN, 1998).
2001            ANDAL Report UCPS Cisokan Additional (PLN/Newjec Inc., 2001).
2007            ANDAL Report UCPS Cisokan (PLN/Newjec Inc., 2007b).
                ANDAL Report Transmission Line UCPS Cisokan (PLN/Newjec Inc., 2007a).
2009            Combined EIA Support Study, Biodiversity Survey (Rahmat, 2009).
2009            Physical Cultural Resources Survey.
2011            Consolidated Environmental Impact Assessment P112518.
2011            Environmental and Social Management Plan for P112518.
2011            Access Road Environmental and Social Management Plan for P112518.
2011            Land Acquisition and Resettlement Action Plans for P112518 (UCPS and
                transmission line).
2012            Contractor’s Environmental and Social Management Plan for Access Road.
2013            Watershed Management Study Report (Watershed Management) to support
                Upstream Cisokan Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage (PT. Geotrav Bhuana
                Survey).
2014            Biodiversity Management Plan, Universitas Padjadjaran (updated in 2015).
2014            Technical analysis report and scenario development for Integrated Catchment
                Management in the Upper Cisokan area, West Java, Indonesia.
2014            Forest Cover survey (satellite imagery).
2015            Integrated Catchment Management Plan Upper Cisokan River Basin, West
                Java, Indonesia.
2016            Draft Forest Partnership Framework.
2017            Key Terrestrial Species Monitoring, Universitas Padjadjaran.
2019            Hydrology review report Updating Detailed Design and Preparing
                Construction Drawing of Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Power Plant Project
                (PLN Enjiniring, Nippon Koei Co.Ltd., NEWJEC Inc., PT. Indokoei
                International, PT. Wiratman).
2009- 2019      PLN's environmental assessment report through a competent external
                consultant to obtain data series from 2009 to 2019, for the environmental permit
                monitoring.
2019            Draft Contractor’s Environmental and Social Management Plan for Upper
                Dam, Lower Dam, Tunnels, Powerhouse, Switchyard and Buildings.
2020            Environmental and Social Baseline Report. Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage
                Hydropower.
2020            Review and Update Biodiversity Management Plan (BMP) Study Upper
                Cisokan Pumped Storage Hydropower 1040MW. October 2020.
2021            Final Report. Review of Land Acquisition and Resettlement Action Plan
                (LARAP) Implementation. Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Hydropower.
                January 2021.

PLN has undertaken environmental monitoring twice a year since 2012 as part of their
commitment to their environmental permit and ‘RKL/RPL’. This includes sampling water

                                                                                          xxviii
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
quality, groundwater quality, noise, air quality and carrying out biodiversity and social
surveys.

A watershed study was conducted in 2014 to understand the watershed risks with erosion,
sediment and changing land uses. An initial Biodiversity Management Plan was prepared in
February 2014 adopting the concept of integrated catchment management to meet multiple
ecological and community objectives. It was revised over the course of 2015 and a
Memorandum of Understanding was signed between PLN and the State-Owned Enterprise
for Forestry, Perhutani, to meet the objectives of the plan. A draft Forest Partnership
Framework was prepared in parallel, in recognition that protecting forest areas required
engagement with the community and protection of livelihoods. Biodiversity surveys
continued between 2015 and 2018, especially focusing on species that were not well
understood after the initial surveys (e.g., Slow Loris). In 2019, a review of the implementation
of the Biodiversity Management Plan was conducted, including additional biodiversity
surveys and collection of environmental indicator data for inclusion in the current ESIA.

During the period of 2011 to 2020, consultation with the communities has been ongoing, with
many detailed consultations and negotiations with the resettled households and communities
and people in the wider project area who will be affected by road use or construction related
activities.

Approximately 310.14 ha of community and private land has been acquired for the UCPS
hydropower plant development. Affected assets include houses, settlements, cemeteries,
mosques, productive land, subsistence agriculture, fishponds and other small businesses.
1,549 households have been compensated for their land and other assets. There are 765
Household that must move from the impacted area. Approximately 409 ha of state forest land
has been acquired, restricting the use of that land by locals who relied on it for agriculture,
timber and non-timber forest products. The resettlement process or other social impact or
compensation issues were managed through the LARAP. Implementation of the LARAPs has
been reviewed by independent consultants and presented in standalone document of LARAP
Implementation Review Report (2021).




                                                                                           xxix
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
EXEC 3. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONTEXT
Exec 3.1 Climate

The climate is tropical with two seasons – a wet season from December to May and a dry
season from June to November. The area has an average annual rainfall of 2240 – 2450mm
and average temperature of 24oC (fluctuating annually between 15oC and 35oC.) Climate
change analysis indicates that average temperature will increase, the number of consecutive
dry days will increase over time and a small likelihood that the consecutive wet days will
decrease over time. The dry season may get longer and the potential for droughts to increase.
The peak rainfall is predicted to decline.

Exec 3.2 Topography

Based on the topographic map of the Cisokan watershed, the project area is located in a steep
and hilly mountainous area in the southern part of West Java. Topographic height ranges from
270.41 m to 2,075 m above sea level. The northern part of the region is the alluvial plain and
the Indian Ocean in the south. Within the wider landscape, there are volcanoes and alluvial
plains, including Mount Pangrango to the Northeast of the project site (Figure 3).




Figure 3. Topography of the Cisokan Watershed, showing in green the lower-lying parts where the
UCPS project will be developed and in red the higher mountains from which the Cisokan River
originates.




                                                                                           xxx
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Exec 3.3 Terrestrial Land Cover and Biodiversity

Indonesia is among the most biologically diverse nations on Earth, ranking third behind Brazil
and Colombia in total species richness, and second in terms of endemic species (Mittermeier
et al. 2005; Whitten et al. 2004). The country supports the third largest expanse of tropical
forest in the world (behind Brazil and the Democratic Republic of Congo). It encompasses two
of the world’s seven major biogeographic regions, two of the world’s 25 Biodiversity
Hotspots, 21 of 238 Global Ecoregions (WWF) and 23 of the world’s 218 Endemic Bird Are as
(BirdLife International). Indonesia contains some 17% of all known species on Earth, including
an estimated 11% of the world’s plant species, 12% of its mammals, 16% of all reptile and
amphibian species, 17% of birds and 25% or more of all fish species (Mittermeier &
Mittermeier 1998).

Because most species on Java are ecologically associated with or dependent on forests, the
island’s high deforestation rates are a major threat to its species. In addition, collection and
hunting pressure is also high. With 58% of interviewed households on Java having had a
caged bird in the past 10 years, and most birds being obtained from the wild (Jepson & Ladle
2009), it is obvious how high the collection pressure is in Indonesian forests. This also includes
mammal species, such as pangolins, and reptiles such as the common gecko, which are both
highly valued for the medicinal trade, and increasingly rare in the wild (Meijaard &
Achdiawan 2011). Thus, there are few forests on Java that remain pristine and with a complete
fauna. As a result, there are presently 44 species on Java listed as Critically Endangered or
Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, the global authority on species
conservation needs.




Figure 4. Land Cover in the UCPS project area (2020) showing in red the access road and quarry and
the two transmission lines.

Land use in the Cisokan watershed consists of forests, gardens, settlements, rice fields, shrubs,
fields and water bodies (Figure 4). The results of land use mapping as of 2020, shows that
forest land area is 14,918.34 ha (40%), plantations 5,993.09 ha (16%), settlement 1,283.48 ha
(3%), paddy fields 6,120.67 ha (16%), thickets 5,857.36 ha (16%), fields 3,033.84 ha (8%), and

                                                                                             xxxi
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
water bodies 222.65 ha (1%). Land use in the transmission line consists of forest land area of
2,201.79 ha (24.21%), secondary forest 2,813.44 ha (30.94%), shrubs 275.89 ha (3.03%), fields
302.21ha (3.32%), rice fields 2,845.95 ha (31.30%), settlements 591.22 ha (6.50%), Open land
41.85% (0.46), and water 221.04 ha (0.23%).

The analysis of the delineation of the main vegetation types in Cisokan identified several
ecosystem types (or vegetation communities), including natural degraded forest, production
forest (with stands of pine, teak, or Altingia excelsa), areas of mixed gardens or agroforestry
(locally named talun), scrub areas, slash and burn cultivation areas that make up agricultural
fields on slopes, rice fields in flat areas, and fish ponds, settlements and yards.

The human population is distributed throughout the landscape in villages (hamlets) and
comprising rural families and communities with strong kinship and traditional social and
cultural attitudes.

Natural degraded or secondary forest is a combination of native and non-native shrub and
tree species that have grown back after land clearing, see Figure 31. Throughout the area, this
vegetation can be found in fragments, usually in more steep areas where agriculture or forest
cannot grow. This area includes inaccessible cliffs and riverbanks in hillside gaps and is found
along the Cirumamis River between the upper and lower reservoir areas.

The state production forest in the area around the project is managed by the state forestry
company on Java (Perhutani) and is dominated by pine and mahogany trees, with the ground
cover in the form of grass. The production forest in the area around the project is a habitat for
many wildlife species. Local people take advantage of pine trees for their sap.

Mixed garden is a land use type found between agricultural fields and plantations and forests.
This type of land use serves to support food needs and provide additional income for local
communities. Types of commodities grown include food crops, coffee, bananas, avocados,
coconuts, bamboo and sugar palm.

The UCPS scheme qualifies as a Modified Habitat because of the significant and long-term
anthropogenic interventions. The project area is contiguous with a larger landscape of >15,000
ha, with similarly disturbed vegetation types.

The presence of several Endangered and Critically Endangered species indicates Critical
Habitat - Slow Loris, Grizzled Leaf Monkey, Javan Leopard, Silvery Gibbon and Javan Hawk
Eagle3. Repeated surveys over a decade indicate that these species are widespread in the
project area, suggesting that all of the landscape is Critical Habitat. The species screening
process initially identified the species so far recorded in the UCPS area (near the roads, dams
and reservoirs) as well as Transmission Line route, which are categorized on the IUCN Red
List as Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable, endemic to Java or otherwise range-
restricted, or likely to aggregate in the UCPS area during migration. Each of the species
resulting from this initial screening was subsequently tested using a five criteria and threshold
methodology and considering triggering as Critical Habitat if one of these thresholds is met.

Analysis of landcover change in the project area between 2016 and 2019 when limited
biodiversity management actions were implemented, indicates that agroforestry areas, i.e.,
the core critical habitat areas are under threat. Without intervention, such trends will likely

3
    presence unclear in the project area


                                                                                           xxxii
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
continue, resulting in ever smaller forest patches and more agricultural land. Assuming a
constant rate of decline, the agroforest area will be reduced from 2262 ha in 2019 to less than
1,500 ha by 2050. This provides the counterfactual scenario.

Exec 3.4 River Hydrology and Biodiversity

The catchment area for the upper dam on the Cirumamis River is 10.5 km2. There are several
streams that flow into the Cirumamis River, such as the Cilawang, Cipateunteung, Cibima,
and Cidongke. The location of Cirumamis watershed within the Cisokan watershed is
presented in Figure 5.




Figure 5. Cisokan River Sub-Watersheds

Cisokan River flow has been synthesized from the downstream Maglid station. The flow data
presented below (Table 1) shows a distinct wet/dry season pattern of flow. The flow duration
curve indicates that the river responds quickly to rainfall events and has long periods of low
flow.

Table 1. Estimated Average Monthly Mean Flow Cisokan River @ Lower Dam, based on
Manglid Station Data.
             Dec     Jan     Feb        Mar     Apr     May     Jun    Jul    Aug    Sep      Oct    Nov      Annual


                              Wet Season                                      Dry Season

 Average     20.76   15.82   24.05      25.45   27.20   18.10   9.94   6.70   4.58   6.54     8.56   19.81    15.55
 m3/s

 Seasonal                            21.90                                             9.36
 Average
 m3/s




                                                                                                             xxxiii
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
The range of average monthly mean flow is estimated from 4.58m3/s in August (dry season)
to 27.20m3/s in April (Table 1), near the end of the wet season, and the annual average
monthly mean flow is estimated at 15.55m3/s. The median flow is approximately 11.4 m3/s
(based on 185 days) and 97 percentile is 1.7m3/s.




Figure 6. Flow Duration Curve of Cisokan River @ Lower Dam (synthesized from Manglid Station)

Flood discharge values have been analyzed for the return period from 2 years up to 10,000
years. It is common for the Cirumamis River at the upper dam to experience flows of over
40m3/s during rain events but rarely over 100m3/s (Figure 6). It is common for the Cisokan
River at the lower dam to experience flows of over 170m3/s, which indicates large annual
variations between low flow and high flow in response to rain events. The data shows that
occasionally flood flows will exceed 450 – 500m3/s. The 10,000 peak flood flow at the lower
dam is estimated at 1,430m3/s4 (Table 2).

Because of the high cliffs of the Cisokan River only a handful of people have direct access to
the Cisokan River either for fishing or as a means of access clean water needs. The
communities in the three villages only access the Cisokan river during the dry season for
bathing and washing purposes, while during the rainy season people do not access the
Cisokan river water directly. The large discharge and high-water level of the Cisokan River
during the rainy season are a safety concern for the community in using the Cisokan River.
The surrounding community used to catch fish from the river, but not for commercial
purposes. Peoples use nets, fishing lines and electric fishing gear to catch small amounts of
fish. The community's location which is closer to the Cirata Reservoir makes fishermen more
interested in fishing in the Cirata dam compared to the Cisokan River.


4
  This is the peak flood flow used for the design of the lower dam. It is higher than the 10,000 year
return period flood peak flow of 1,069m3/s calculated using the Indonesian government regulation
regarding planned flood design discharge for dam structures, power generation and similar uses, based
on SNI No. 2415:2016 (PLN Enjiniring/Nippon Koei/Newjec Inc./Indokoei International/Wiratman,
2019b).


                                                                                               xxxiv
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Table 2. Probability of Flood Discharge at Any Return Period, Upper and Lower Dam




The main use of the Cisokan River downstream of the lower dam is as a source of irrigation
water for the Cihea Irrigation Area. The Cisokan River water flow is utilized by the Cisokan
Dam (local people call it the Cisuru Weir, Figure 7) where water is channeled into the Cihea
irrigation as the main source of irrigation for 5,484 hectares of paddy fields in Cianjur
Regency. The Cisokan Dam (Cisuru Weir) is about 3 km downstream of the UCPS lower dam.




Figure 7. Cihea Irrigation Scheme and Cisokan Dam (Cisuru Weir)


While parts of the upper river areas are in a relative natural condition, the UCPS aquatic
system should be considered as modified because of the significant proportion of fish species
of non-native origin (ca. 20%), with human activity having substantially modified the area’s
primary ecological functions through damming of the Ciratum River downstream,
deforestation and agricultural land use and altering species composition through
unsustainable fishing. However, there are no sensitive fish species identified in the rivers and
they are not reliant on migration for their life cycle.

Exec 3.5 Settlement and Social Context

Locations of Community Settlements affected by the project, both directly and indirectly,
cover 7 Districts with 2 Districts in West Bandung District, namely Rongga and Cipongkor
Sub-districts, while 5 sub-districts in Cianjur District namely Cibeber, Campaka,
Bojongpicung, Haurwangi and Sukaluyu Sub-districts (Figure 8). There was a change in the
village area in Haurwangi, Ramasari and Sukatani Villages, at the beginning of the project the
village was part of the Bojongpicung Sub-district but after the division and restructuration, it
was included in the Haurwangi Sub-district.


                                                                                           xxxv
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
There are several villages that affected directly by the project’s land acquisition: Sukaresmi
village, Bojongsalam village, Karangnunggal village and Cicadas village.




Figure 8. Settlement Patterns in the UCPS Project Area

The difference in the area of village administration and population indicates that the density
(people/km2) also varies in each village throughout the project area ranging from 242
people/km2 (Kemang) to 2.806 people/km2 (Haurwangi). Topography affects community
relations in the project area. For the communities living in hilly areas, with dry land or forestry
agricultural activities, settlements are divided into small hamlet groups. With limited
transportation and accessibility, these small group areas are relatively isolated.

The population is distributed throughout Kampungs (hamlets) and comprises small rural
families and communities with strong kinship and traditional social and cultural attitudes.
The Muslim religion strongly influences their day-to-day activities, and village and religious
leaders play an essential role in decision-making, problem-solving and village development.
Men are considered the heads of households, the main breadwinners and decision-makers,
whilst women manage household and family matters, as well as undertaking planting and
harvesting activities.

Islam is the religion that dominates and reflects everyday life, such as prayer, recitation of the
Qur'an, etiquette and social interactions between communities. Sundanese cultural values are
also still well preserved i.e. language for daily communication, mysticism, and customary or
cultural practices such as traditional ceremonies before paddy planting season.

Various economic restoration programs which have been implemented as part of the LARAP
have strengthened the existing social institutions and created new ones such as cooperatives,
women group in craftsmen (banana and palm sugar processors), livestock farm groups,
fishery farm groups, and handicraft centers. These institutions are considered very essential.
Other social institutions are the Forest Farmers Group and the Forest Village Community
Institution that were developed for the social forestry program.
                                                                                             xxxvi
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
EXEC 4. KEY RISKS, IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
Exec 4.1 Changes to the river flow and habitat
River flow and habitat will be affected differently in the different phases of construction,
inundation (reservoir filling) and operation. These are described below.

During construction, all flow will be diverted around the dam work areas. The Cirumamis
will be diverted around the upper dam site via a chute/culvert system and the Cisokan will
be diverted around the lower dam site using coffer dams and tunnel. All upstream flow will
be diverted downstream and no changes to flow, energy or sediment load is anticipated. The
diversion structures will restrict the movement of fish however there are no sensitive fish
species identified in the rivers and they are not reliant on migration for their life cycle. The
rivers are modified habitat due to the series of dams downstream, pollution downstream from
Bandung and other cities, overfishing, habitat destruction, reduction in water quality and
other impacts from catchment development. Diversions can also cause flooding and erosion
if they are not sized correctly for the anticipated flow and scour is not managed at the tailrace.
The overall impact of diversion is considered moderate and will be mitigated by the
Supervision Engineer designing all diversion structures to reduce the risk of flooding and
erosion and supervising the construction to meet all design requirements.

During construction sediment discharges from earthworks and tunneling will reach the rivers
and tributaries unless it is well-controlled. Sediment impacts on water quality and alters
instream habitat (reducing habitat for ‘healthy’ macroinvertebrates and affecting light, both
of which affect the food chain and ecological webs). Direct impacts on tributaries and rivers
from dam building, river crossings (bridges, culverts), diversion of water around work sites,
slope stabilization and other activities will remove / alter riverbed and bank habitat and
reduce the availability and quality of habitat in these work areas. Mitigation is the
responsibility of the Contractor and they must have controls on vegetation clearance, slope
and soil stabilization, stockpiles, avoiding working near or in water, sediment control and
treatment devices, pollution prevention and operational procedures to ensure the
effectiveness of controls.

During inundation, the hydrological regimes in the Cisokan River will be temporarily
impacted when water is drawn to fill the reservoirs over an approximate four-month period
in the wet season. The total amount of water to fill the dead storage of each reservoir and the
active storage of the lower reservoir is 63,530,000 m3. All Cirumamis River inflow will be
passed through the upper dam to the downstream. The upper reservoir will be filled by water
captured in the lower reservoir. The lower reservoir will be filled at a rate <6.21m3/s (Table
3). All flow over this amount will be passed through the lower dam to the downstream

Table 3. Representation of Average Downstream e-flow Releases During Inundation (Wet Season)

                       Dec           Jan           Feb           Mar           Apr            May

 Average inflow m3/s         20.76         15.82         24.05         25.45          27.20         18.10

 UCPS intake m3/s             6.21          6.21          6.21          6.21           6.21          6.21

 Downstream e-flow           14.55          9.61         14.24         19.24          20.99         11.89
 release




                                                                                                    xxxvii
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
If the inflow drops below 7.91 m3/s, the UCPS will reduce the intake to ensure that a minimum
of 1.7 m3/s is passed through the lower dam at all times. This is equivalent to the Q97 (Table
4).

Table 4. Proposed Operational Regime for Inflow and Outflow During Inundation (Wet Season)

    Scenario                          High      flow,     Moderately low flow      Q97 – Q 100
                                      average flow,       to Q97
                                      moderately low
                                      flow
    Natural inflow m3/s                       >= 7.91              7.91 >< 1.97                  <=1.70

    Intake for UCPS Scheme                        6.21                6.21 >< 0                      0
    m3/s
                                                                 (Inflow - 1.70)

    Residual flow discharge                    >= 1.70                     1.70                    1.70
    downstream lower dam m3/s
                                      (Inflow – intake)




Unlike conventional hydro schemes, a pumped storage scheme only cycles water between
reservoirs and there is no capture and storage of water for future use, and there is no net
downstream discharge when generating electricity. To maintain the active storage capacity
within the pumped storage system, the scheme is designed to pass excess water downstream
rather than store it within the reservoirs. During operation, it is estimated that there will be
only a slight change in the hydrological regime downstream as described below.

Cirumamis River:

The downstream flow in the Cirumamis River will be the same as the inflow for all flows,
except if the river reduces below 0.01 m3/s, the downstream flow releases will be maintained
at 0.01 m3/s and exceed inflow5.

Cisokan River:

The downstream flow in the Cisokan River will be the same as the inflow for all flows except
for a small amount of flow, anticipated to be 0.2 m 3/s to replenish evaporation from the two
reservoirs. The required ‘top up’ water will have no noticeable effect on the downstream
Cisokan River during most flows with the exception of extreme low flow periods (less than
Q97). For example, at Q97 inflow of 1.7 m3/s, the downstream will be 1.5 m3/s (a reduction
of 11% of flow).

In 2014, the Ministry of PUPR issued Ministerial Decree No. 619 / KPTS / M / 2014
concerning the granting of water resources utilization permits (SIPA) from the Cisokan River
to PT. PLN (Persero). To maintain water availability for the purpose of river maintenance, a
minimum e-flow of 0.55 m3/s is permitted. During the dry season where the Cisokan River
discharge is below 0.55 m3/s, UCPS must discharge at least 0.55 m3/s. Using the rationale that
the scheme only takes 0.2m3/s, this minimum e-flow would be reached when the inflow is at
or below 0.75m3/s. At flow between 0.75m3/s and 0.55m3/s, the ‘top up’ water of 0.2 m3/s

5
 The likelihood of this low flow scenario is difficult to conclude because the natural extreme low flow
conditions has not been recorded.


                                                                                                 xxxviii
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
would be reduced until it reached 0, in order to meet this minimum e-flow. This means that
the active storage would be slightly reduced during this period. At flow below 0.55m3/s the
e-flow will be maintained at 0.55m3/s and water will be taken from the active storage. The
chance of this happening may be one day to a few days in any one year. In extreme drought
conditions, the SIPA states that the UCPS must discharge a minimum e-flow of 0.01 m3/s.
This means, if the natural inflow reduces to or below 0.01 m 3/s, the UCPS scheme can reduce
the e-flow to no less than 0.01m3/s (Table 5).

Table: Proposed operational regime for inflow and outflow during operation

Table 5. Proposed Operational Regime for Inflow and Outflow During Operation

 Scenario                        All flows      =    Very low flow        Q97 – Q 100          Extreme    low
                                 >0.75                                                         flow

 Natural inflow m3/s                          >=            0.75 - 0.55          0.55 - 0.01             <0.01
                                             0.75
 Intake  for     UCPS                        0.20              0.20 - 0                   0                 0
 Scheme m3/s
                                                        (Inflow – 0.55)     (water released             (water
                                                                               from active      released from
                                                                                   storage)    active storage)

 Residual        flow                     >= 0.55                 0.55                  0.55              0.01
 discharge downstream
 lower dam m3/s                  (Inflow – intake)




The Cihea Irrigation Scheme, located 3km downstream, relies on Cisokan River water year-
round for irrigation purposes. The demand is generally higher in the wet season, at a
maximum of 7m3/s and lower in the dry season (as low as 0.22m3/s). The availability of water
will not change for the irrigation scheme as a result of the UCPS, except if low flow conditions
are experienced during the inundation phase, and during extreme low flow conditions during
operation. During inundation the UCPS can be flexible and release some water if necessary,
to sustain irrigation needs. During operation, the UCPS should have no impact but there may
be a perception that the scheme is responsible for droughts or floods. To mitigate this PLN
should develop operational criteria with the Irrigation Scheme committee.

The conclusion is that there will be a low impact on water flow in the Cirumamis and Cisokan
Rivers, and at extreme low flow conditions the UCPS can release water downstream to
maintain a higher than natural flow during these times.

Changes in erosion patterns and deposition may occur downstream of the Cisokan River
during operations, due to reduced sediment loads. Sediment will be deposited in the upper
and lower dam and only suspended sediment will be transported downstream through the
spillway and outlet. This will have impacts on the rate, location and scale of erosion and
sedimentation in the river bed, since river flow will be maintained, there will be increased
energy in the system which is likely to cause erosion in areas that do not currently experience
it. This needs to be studied further to determine the nature and scale of impact.




                                                                                                         xxxix
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Exec 4.2 Key risks and impacts on terrestrial biodiversity and mitigation measures
The impact analysis concludes that in the UCPS project area, 400 ha of Critical Habitat will be
directly impacted and 2,288 ha indirectly, while along the transmission line, 100 ha will be
directly impacted and 341 ha indirectly. This results in total impact estimates on Critical
Habitat of 500 ha of directly impacted areas and 2,629 ha of indirectly impacted areas. Taking
into consideration the counterfactual trends, the area impacted is smaller, i.e., 1,867 ha.

The Biodiversity Management Plan (BMP) has been updated and supersedes the previous
BMP publicly disclosed in 2011 as a sub-plan to the ESMP, as well as the BMP prepared but
not published in 2015. The BMP provides practical guidance for reducing threats to
biodiversity where practical, to manage identified risks, to engage with communities and
stakeholders, and to pro-actively support the development of knowledge in biodiversity
conservation using the ESS 6 mitigation hierarchy. Through this BMP, the aim is to engage
with biodiversity professionals, government, the community, non-government organizations
(NGOs), researchers and appropriate individuals to achieve a high standard of biodiversity
and conservation management.

The Biodiversity Management Plan (BMP) is prepared to manage the direct and indirect
impacts of the Cisokan hydropower project on the condition of biodiversity and for the
maintenance of project-affected areas. It is implemented through an Integrated Catchment
Management (ICM) approach that simultaneously addresses biodiversity, environmental and
social aspects of landscape management.

It provides a sound rationale for a range of actions that focus on (a) Construction-related
impact mitigation and management; (b) Reforestation and forest management; (c) Wildlife
management; (d) Stakeholder participation; and (e) Community engagement. Within the
project area of influence the BMP goals are: (i) To achieve net gain of Critical Habitat and
Natural Habitat; (ii) To protect and enhance the remnant forest communities (both the habitat
and wildlife) to create a self-sustaining ecosystem; (iii) To protect and increase the populations
of critically endangered and endangered species so that they are self-sustaining; (iv) To take
into account the ongoing threats to biodiversity conservation from the community and rural
development in the selection and implementation of conservation strategies; and (v) To create
a common understanding amongst stakeholders and the community about the biodiversity
values and threats.

Implementation of the ICM will through a Forest Partnership Framework aims to restore a
connected (agro-)forest landscape across 3,800 ha of land around the UCPS reservoirs and
project facilities. The most practical way to establish the ICM program will be to pursue a
collaborative forest management option between PLN, local communities and Perhutani. This
strategy would build on existing land use patterns and land ownership, facilitating a relatively
easy entry point to get the principal ideas of ICM established and tested.

Fifteen (15) Biodiversity Important Areas (BIA) have been identified in the immediate project
area, with a total area of about 425 ha. The BIAs are presently forested islands in a non-forest
landscape. They provide insufficient ecological resources to sustain viable populations of
threatened species. The 3,800 ha of restoration aims to provide a net positive gain in
biodiversity values, offsetting the 500 ha of direct impacts on critical habitat and the 2,629 ha
of indirect impacts on critical habitat, or 1,867 ha under the counterfactual scenario. It
simultaneously aims to restore the terrestrial biodiversity component by significantly
increasing ecological connectivity among forest areas, benefiting species that trigger the
Critical Habitat criteria, such as Slow Loris and Grizzled Leaf Monkey, and the aquatic habitat
                                                                                                xl
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
by improving ecological conditions alongside tributaries flowing into the reservoirs. Finally,
the restoration and offsetting strategies aim to fulfil socio-economic objectives through the
development of financially viable social forestry and agroforestry programs. These aim to
restore original agroforestry-based land uses in the UCPS area that provide communities with
improved income and reduce ecologically damaging land practices, such as open field
agricultural cultivation on steep slopes.

The net gain calculation provides a buffer to allow for compensation for the rate of ongoing
decline in habitat and the trajectory towards localized extinction of endemic species as a result
of ongoing agricultural conversion and degradation of forest from increased population and
demand for livelihoods.

Exec 4.3 Climate change risk from greenhouse gas emissions
A climate change risk assessment has been conducted and will be further updated prior to
appraisal.




                                                                                              xli
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 9. Long Term Development Plan for Java-Bali System

Calculation of the contribution of UCPS to greenhouse gas emissions / emissions reductions
is difficult due to the complex role it will play in grid stability. As a scheme it will be a net
energy consumer (pumping will require more energy than the scheme will generate).
However, with pumped storage in the Java-Bali grid it will allow the more efficient use of
renewable and fossil fuel generation and enable more renewable energy generation onto the
grid.

The predictions on generation mix on the grid in the next 30 years is difficult to model.
However, the preliminary analysis of the Long Term Least Cost Development Plan confirms
that the UCPS project is part of the least cost solution with an optimal commissioning date in
2028. The storage capacity of UCPS also allow a significant increase of solar penetration in the
system (40 GW) and a decrease of coal generation starting from 2028.

On the basis of this Long-Term Development Plan (Figure 9), carbon emissions of the entire
system, as well as the systems emission intensity have been calculated showing that intensity
will go down from about 0.75 tons of CO2/MWh in 2028 to about 0.55 tons of CO2/MWh in
2040. Figure 10 shows the evolution of the systems emission intensity from 2021 to 2040.




                                                                                             xlii
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 10. Java-Bali System Emission Intensity

Exec 4.4 Risks and mitigation of construction occupational health and safety
The construction phase of the UCPS as a large and complex dam construction project will
come with inherent high risk work activities which must be managed through the
implementation of an Occupational Health and Safety Management System with associated
plans and procedures developed by the Contractors and approved by PLN and supervising
engineer.

The most significant Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) hazards associated with
hydropower projects occur during the construction phase and include activities with carry an
extremely high risk for workers. These activities carry an elevated risk of injury or fatality if
not managed adequately, these activities are:
    •   Working near water such as rivers and reservoirs.
    •   Working at heights, particularly during dam wall construction and transmission line
        construction and stringing.
    •   Working in confined spaces during tunneling for example.
    •   Working underground.
    •   Working with heavy machinery, particularly on steep and unstable slopes, tunneling,
        on public roads, in quarry.
    •   Working with explosives.
    •   Working on slopes and unstable ground.
    •   Working with low voltage and high voltage electricity.
    •   Using vehicles on public and project roads.
    •   Extended or elevated exposure to dust, noise, the sun, heat and wet weather.
    •   Working at night / shift work / fatigue / heat stress.
    •   Working with hazardous materials such as fuels, cement, and fly ash.
    •   Exposure to illnesses, communicable diseases, COVID-19 and others.
    •   Exposure to mental or physical harassment, SEA/SH, and injury from interpersonal
        conflicts.
    •   Exposure to floods, earthquakes, landslides and other natural disasters.

A number of factors will influence the construction project’s success in managing these high
severity risks, firstly supervision by the project owner (PLN) and its Supervision Engineer,
secondly the experience and safety compliance and culture of the Contractor and its
management of sub-contractors, and thirdly the level of training and skillset of the workforce.
Project workers are likely to be exposed to the above identified risks over the estimated 5 years
of construction. Workers with low experience of working on large scale construction project
are expected to be more vulnerable as their skillsets, experience and understanding of health
and safety will probably be limited compared to the skilled workers who will have worked
on similar projects and have sufficient training.
Furthermore, the project site location has limited high quality healthcare facilities which is not
conducive for providing a good response to moderate to serious accidents. Community health
centers in the area are not adequate to deal with emergency first-aid response or more serious
accidents and the closest well-equipped hospitals are located in Bandung which is over 2
hours away by road.
Each Contractor for each package will be expected to conduct a risk identification and risk
register using the Hazard Identification, Risk Analysis, and Risk Control (HIRARC) method.
                                                                                             xliii
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
The Hierarchy of Controls pyramid will form the foundation by which safety risks and
hazards are managed and controlled. The most effective measure is elimination/substitution,
followed by engineering controls, administrative and work practice controls and finally PPE
as the least effective at the bottom.

Exec 4.5 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Impacts
Three LARAPs were prepared for the previous Cisokan Pumped Storage Project back in 2011
for the reservoirs, access roads, and the transmission lines. They were implemented during
the past decade. The review of LARAPs implementation by independent consultants
confirmed that delivery of compensation payments for lost assets has been largely completed.
Nevertheless, there are outstanding compensation payments to be delivered related to
remaining lands, cut-off/ isolated land, waqf lands and village treasury lands that emerged
during the course of implementation. The LARAP implementation review report has included
a proposed action plan to complete the identified outstanding tasks and issues under the new
Project.
    •   Key findings from the review include: Access road with total of 55.41 ha have been
        fully acquired and 562 landowners have been fully compensated. A total of 251.85 ha
        owned by 891 landowners for upper and lower reservoir have been compensated. 59
        landowners of total of 2.80 Ha for transmission line tower have been compensated.
        Only one owner (of 0.05 ha) has not received compensation as the owner lives in
        another province.
    •   The 2011 LARAP has assessed the transmission lines ROW restriction impact,
        identified the potentially affected households and has proposed compensation
        package in line with relevant GoI laws as well as World Bank OP 4.12. As commonly
        practiced, this payment will be delivered after the tower locations are finalized,
        normally after tower construction but before line stringing. Compensation payment
        will be calculated in accordance with Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
        Decree no 27/2018.
    •   Approximately 2.22 ha of unviable land (squeezed land, isolated land) as the result of
        the project land acquisition owned by 87 landowners have been identified in West
        Bandung Regency. This will need to be verified and confirmed in the next phase of the
        project. Identification of similar land in Cianjur Regency has not commenced. None of
        the unviable land has been compensated.

    •    Approximately 12.16 ha of village treasury land and 0.54 ha of waqf land affected by
        the project have not been fully compensated/ replaced. PLN has been working with
        local communities and administrations to address these issues and will continue the
        effort to complete full compensation delivery under the new project.
    •   There were 765 Household that must move from the impacted area. Total of 199
        household in the access road were relocated within a same village while 566
        households of PAPs in reservoir area must be relocated to other villages. All the PAPs
        opted for self-relocation mechanism so that the implementation of resettlement is fully
        managed by the PAPs themselves.
    •   There are 54 households consists of 12 HH in Upper reservoir and 42 HH in Lower
        reservoir who have received compensation package, chosen self-relocation but have
        not moved so far. The reasons vary from household to household and requires

                                                                                           xliv
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
        working on a household by household basis. PLN will work with PT. Perhutani and
        Regency Governments to facilite and assist them in their relocation.
    •   The majority of the relocating households have decided and adopted self-relocation
        approach rather than the planned resettlement approach designed by PLN. Where the
        affected households have relocated on their own, the village population have grown
        with both host and relocated households. Some of them have met or grown close to
        the minimum requirements of household size under government policy for
        government support of infrastructure. Some of the villages have requested such
        support from PLN per government policy. PLN has been supporting local
        administrations with infrastructure support under the project. PLN will continue this
        support and work with local administration and local communities to extend
        infrastructure support to the communities in line with relevant government policies.

    •   In collaboration with local government and other entities, PLN has implemented
        economic assistance and livelihood restoration programs such as establishment of
        cooperatives and various capacity building programs which benefited the PAPs.
        Several programs designed to empower women groups which showed positive
        impacts in terms of increasing the role of rural women in income generating and
        business management.

    •   The review indicates that generally the affected households were able to use their land
        compensation money productively and PLN has implemented its various assistance
        activities as planned in the LARAP. The review has also identified, through its field
        surveys, that some relocation households are still facing difficulties in their
        livelihoods, some of the occupational training and assistance programs were not fully
        implemented or the results are not as good as expected. PLN will therefore continue
        its livelihood support and assistance activities under the new project.

    •   The construction of new roads has helped improving the livelihoods and accessibility
        of PAPs as new jobs emerged along the new roads.
    •   It is anticipated that additional lands needed by the project due to project design
        optimization or adjustments and additional land needed by the contractors for their
        construction operations. These land needs could be permanent or temporary and are
        expected to be in small parcels and scattered all over the project area. Details of the
        land needs, including location, size and timing etc. are not known at this stage. A Land
        Acquisition and Resettlement Framework (LARF) was prepared in line with the
        Environmental Social Standard 5 (ESS 5) and ESS 10 of the Environmental and Social
        Framework (ESF) of the World Bank, and relevant to Indonesian laws and regulations
        to guide the land acquisition planning for such possible needs during construction
        activities.
Exec 4.6 Construction worker management / influx management / community
   health and safety risks (including Gender-Based Violence)
For a period of at least five years, there will be hundreds of workers employed by the
Contractors at any one time. Most are expected to come from elsewhere in Indonesia or
overseas and will require accommodation in the Project area. During the peak construction
period there will be an influx of up to 2.700 workers and estimated 4,500 – 6,000 of followers
to the project area. Risks related to construction generally include noise, traffic hazards, dust
health problems, and social conflict, and occupational health and safety. Management

                                                                                             xlv
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
procedures of workers' barracks/basecamp, construction methods, traffic management and
regulation, and community consultation have been prepared to minimize impacts associated
with construction activities. A Grievance Redress Mechanism has been established to ensure
that complaints are appropriately managed.

Separation from families especially among construction workers who are away from home
for construction jobs may encourage undesired behaviors, such as exploitative sexual
relations, and illicit sexual relations with minors from the local community. The influx of
people may bring communicable diseases to the project area, including sexually transmitted
diseases (STDs). Baseline assessment related to Gender Based Violence (GBV) confirmed the
vulnerability of women and children to GBV attributed by several factors including low level
of education, social norms, and high rate of child marriage. The project has developed a Labor
Management Procedure to mitigate potential risks related to the labor and working condition
issues and a GBV action plan to address potential GBV risks and impacts.

Exec 4.7 Livelihood changes in forest dependent communities
The dam will be constructed in forestry land managed by Perhutani, which will cause loss on
the forestry land and consequently to the people who use the forest resource. The utilization
of forest land for huma-ladang was carried out by approximately 1658 households in 38
hamlets. The dam construction and the establishment of the restoration area under
Biodiversity Management Plan (BMP) will impact the community whose livelihood depends
on the forest managed by Perhutani. The latest assessment confirmed that establishment of
the Restoration Area has not impacted or at least very insignificant to the livelihood of the
local people. In contrary, some activities conducted by a portion of the local people like land
clearing for agriculture and or game hunting, have affected the integrity of the Restoration
Area. However, future implementation of the BMP with stricter monitoring and evaluation
activities may result in more significant social impacts compared to the previous period. The
Project has developed a Forest Partnership Framework to mitigate potential adverse risks and
impacts to the forest dependent community. The forest partnership action plan will be
developed and implemented during project implementation.
Exec 4.8 Impact on Income Associated with Construction Activities
During construction the access road, community around the project area got benefits from
working at construction site and opening small businesses such as food and services for the
workers. Based on the LARAP midterm report in 2016, 52.33% of the respondents experienced
an increase in income from economic activities surround the construction area. Project
construction is expected to provide more economic opportunities for the community around
the project area which will positively contributed to overall income of the community.

Exec 4.9 Community dissatisfaction and grievance mechanism.
Managing community expectations and resolving community concerns are critical for the
successful implementation of the project. The latest assessment recorded that the affected
communities raised several concerns regarding the project include land acquisition-related
issues, expectation for labor recruitment, concerns related to health such as disturbance
resulted from noise and vibration. Failure to resolve community complaints may result in
project delay. PLN has developed a Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) which outlines a
systematic approach to promote inclusive infrastructure development by ensuring the
meaningful participation of stakeholders throughout the project cycle, from planning,
construction to operation. The grievance redress mechanism has been updated by taking into
account lessons learned from the LARAP implementation and access road construction. A

                                                                                           xlvi
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
grievance Unit will be developed with clear procedure and institutional arrangement for
implementation.

Exec 4.10 Cultural heritage
A comprehensive cultural heritage survey was conducted in 2009 and validated in the ESIA
review in 2020. The survey was carried out in consultation with the community. None of the
sites are registered with local and national authorities or have legal protection. Locations that
have particular importance, because they have religious or other significance, are considered
sacred graves, by the surrounding community and pilgrims, namely Batu Bedil and Maqom
Mbah Tubuy (famous ustadz graves). Some buildings and graves have already been moved
as part of the resettlement process. However, there are also many private graves and religious
structures within the project area, but not in the project footprint, which require respect and
protection during reservoir construction and preparation. Access must be maintained for
pilgrims to the sacred graves.

Exec 4.11 Dam Safety
The safety of workers and the downstream communities is a critical part of the design process,
construction and operational procedures.             The detailed design, bid documents,
prequalification of bidders and the selection of the contractor have been supervised by Project
Review Panel made up of dam and geotechnical experts, during the period of 2012 to 2017.
At the time, the retention and use of the panel was compliant with the World Bank safeguards
policy OP.37 Safety of Dams. The panel signed off on the updated design including the
instrumentation system, bid documents including quality control and assurance requirements
and the prequalification of the Contractor for Lot1a Upper and Lower Dams and Lot 1b
Waterways, Powerhouse, Switchyard and Buildings. PLN propose to engage a new panel for
the updated UCPS project and they will be employed in a similar manner to assist in the
supervision of construction, reservoir filling and commissioning and the start of operations
and will be involved in the review of dam safety documents.

Dam structures and outlets have been designed to the International Commission on Large
Dams (ICOLD) seismic standards. Dam structures and spillways have been designed to the
1/10,000-year flood return interval, as per the ICOLD standards, and the Indonesian
government regulation regarding planned flood design discharge for dam structures, power
generation and similar uses, based on SNI No. 2415:2016. Bottom outlets are designed to
release water in a controlled manner quickly in cases where the dam structures are at risk of
failure.

PLN has prepared a packaged dam safety plan including: i) Construction Supervision and
Quality Assurance Plan, ii) Instrumentation Plan, iii) Preliminary Operation and Maintenance
Plan, and iv) Broad Framework for Emergency Preparedness Plan. They are required to
provide the full-fledged Operation and Maintenance Plan and Emergency Preparedness Plan
to the Bank and Panel of Experts not less than 6 and 12 months prior to the initiation of the
first reservoir filling.

Communities will be prohibited from approaching and using the reservoirs to protect their
safety from the sudden and large daily fluctuations of water levels. The riparian areas will be
replanted with native and exotic vegetation to provide slope stabilization and habitat for wild
animals as part of the biodiversity enhancements under the Biodiversity Management Plan
and will not be used for resettlement, forestry or for agricultural purposes. The water levels
of the upper reservoir when operating fluctuate daily as high as 19 m and the lower reservoir

                                                                                            xlvii
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
fluctuates as high as 4.5 m. With these fluctuations, the reservoir is not safe for use by the
community, or for commercial businesses such as aquaculture. People are prohibited from
entering the reservoir and greenbelt areas to protect their safety from drowning. Warning
alarms will be issued prior to generation or pumping, to warn of changes in reservoir water
levels.

Exec 4.12 Social Benefits
The project’s advantages include cheaper peak-load electricity provision and efficiency in the
Java-Bali network, construction of new roads and bridges that allow access to remote hamlets
and villages and provide benefits to the local economy during the Construction stage
(allocation work and provision of services). The project will also stimulate economic activities
during operational time and will help redirect economic activities of the Project Affected
Persons (PAPs), which were originally dominated by agriculture, towards higher-earning
services and trade. This is envisaged to have a positive impact, on the one hand by
strengthening the rural base sector (agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries and forestry),
and, on the other hand, to grow services and trade.

Local economic benefits during the construction stage such as availability of jobs and service
activities are expected to improve the communities’ lives around the project area.

Exec 4.13 Environmental and Social Assessment Studies and Management Plans to
     be Prepared
PLN continues to assess and study environmental and social impacts and develop further
mitigation and management plans as follows:

    •   PLN will refine and finalize the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions as per ESS3
        as part of the economic analysis to be completed prior to World Bank appraisal.
    •   Measuring the nature and scale of impacts from reduced sediment load in the Cisokan
        River, sediment management in the lower reservoir and appropriate mitigation
        measures. This requires analysis of the proposed sediment management, surveys of
        baseline riverbed and bank and modelling of the likely changes in bedload, erosion
        potential and the identification of ‘hotspots’ or risk areas for erosion and deposition of
        sediment. Terms of reference will be prepared and technical consultants will be
        engaged to complete the study and prepare an impact assessment on habitat, land and
        river uses and develop mitigation measures for the Operational Environmental and
        Social Management Plan. The work is to be completed at least one year prior to
        reservoir filling.
    •   Further studies on the baseline avifauna and terrestrial biodiversity in the
        transmission line area of influence and any further mitigation measures regarding the
        location and design of transmission infrastructure to avoid animal injuries and
        mortalities. A terms of reference will be prepared for specialist consultants to
        undertake field surveys, model mortality and injury and update the biodiversity
        impact assessment and prepare the Transmission Line Environmental and Social
        Management Plan with biodiversity impact mitigation measures (and offsets, if
        required) as per ESS6. Work to be completed prior to the completion of the bid
        documents.
    •   A risk assessment on the significant occupational and community health and safety
        hazards of each of the construction packages will be prepared by PLN with the support
        of the Supervision Engineer, and specific instructions on the approaches to risk
        identification and management will be prepared for the bid documents and contracts

                                                                                            xlviii
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
        for future contracts and amended where necessary into the existing contracts. Risk
        assessments to be completed prior to the completion of the relevant bid documents for
        future contracts and prior to the Project effective date for existing contracts.
    •   A TOR will be prepared for consultants to undertake a risk assessment on the
        significant occupational and community health and safety hazards during operation
        of the hydropower scheme, transmission line and reservoirs. The consultants will
        prepare the health and safety management sections of the Operations and
        Maintenance manuals and provide training, at least one year prior to reservoir filling.
    •   Best practice measures for preparing the reservoir for impoundment, based on
        potential habitat and water quality impacts are to be developed. A terms of reference
        will be prepared for a consultant to review the existing land cover, hazards and risks
        in the reservoir and to assess the potential biodiversity and water quality impacts from
        impoundment and daily fluctuation of water within the reservoir and provide
        recommendations on environmentally and socially acceptable methods for preparing
        the reservoir to avoid and minimize impacts during operation. The terms of reference
        will include the preparation of the Reservoir Preparation Plan. Completed at least six
        months prior to reservoir filling.
    •   Update the Framework Emergency Preparedness Plan prior to appraisal to reflect the
        requirements of ESS4.
    •   Operation and Maintenance Plan and the Emergency Preparedness Plan for dam
        safety, as per ESS4, will be prepared by PLN and submitted to the Bank and the dam
        Panel of Experts not less than 6 and 12 months prior to the initiation of reservoir filling.




                                                                                                xlix
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Exec 5. Environmental and Social Management Plan Outline
The ESMP is designed as the main document in the control plan hierarchy during the project
phase (Construction and Operations). The ESMP establishes the environmental and social
management framework that will be applied to the project. The plan covers Environmental
and Social Principles, Communication, Reporting, Monitoring and Review Procedures that all
parties must comply with, including the relevant sub-plans.

Most of the ESMP Sub-Plans, as reference below (Table 6), are updates of the Sub-plans that
were prepared under the initial Bank financing, following the previous Bank safeguard
guidelines. ESMP Sub-Plans are being updated or prepared to ensure full compliance with
the new ESF.

Table 6. Summary of ESMP Sub-Plans

 Plan                      Purpose                     Responsibility             Timing
 Contractors               Detailed processes and      Each Contractor for each   Cleared prior to
 Environmental and         procedures for              Package will prepare       contractor mobilization
 Social Management         management of               their CESMP
 Plan                      environmental, social,
                           security, health and
                           safety issues.
 Social and Community      Labor Management and        PLN                        Finalized prior to project
 Management Plan           Grievance Mechanism                                    appraisal.
                           Stakeholder Engagement
                           Grievance Mechanism
                           Influx management
 Biodiversity              Meet the ESS6               PLN                        Finalized prior to project
 Management Plan           requirements of net gain                               appraisal
                           of critical habitat.
                           Manage construction-
                           related impacts, direct
                           impacts from
                           infrastructure footprint
                           and indirect impacts
                           from induced
                           development.
 Reservoir Preparation     Detailed methodology        PLN, for implementation    Finalized at least 6
 Plan                      for preparing the land      by a contractor.           months prior to first
                           and removing                                           impoundment.
                           contaminants prior to
                           inundation, based on
                           further assessment of
                           water quality and habitat
                           impacts and mitigation
                           measures.
 Physical Cultural         Avoid and protect           PLN                        Finalized prior to
 Resources Management      cultural heritage sites,                               appraisal.
 Plan                      and respectfully move
                           graves and cultural sites
                           prior to inundation.
 Transmission Line         Detailed procedures for     PLN                        Outline prepared prior to
 Environmental and         design, construction and                               appraisal. Final to be
 Social Management         operation of TL.                                       completed for bid
 Plan                                                                             documents for design
                                                                                  and construct TL.
 Quarry Management         Detailed procedures for     Main Contractor, Lot 1a    Finalized prior to
 Plan                      safe and clean operation    and Lot 1b.                mobilization to site.
                           of the Gunung Karang
                           quarry

                                                                                                               l
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
 Downstream River          Detailed procedures for   PLN                      Finalized at least six
 Management Plan           managing downstream                                months prior to
                           impacts                                            inundation.
 Operational               Detailed procedures for   PLN                      At least six months prior
 Environmental and         flow management,                                   to inundation.
 Social Management         biodiversity
 Plan                      management, reservoir
                           management,
                           stakeholder engagement




                                                                                                          li
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
CHAPTER 1.              INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview of Hydropower and ESIA Report
The provision of electricity in Java and Bali is needed in connection with the increasing local
demand for electricity. The State Electricity Company, Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN), is
committed to meeting consumer demand, therefore, investment into improving electricity
provision within the Java-Bali grid system is paramount. To facilitate this goal, PT PLN
(Persero) plans to build a 1,040 MW Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage (UCPS) hydropower
plant in the Cisokan River watershed, West Java Province. The UCPS hydropower plant will
have two reservoirs (upper and lower reservoir), each with an active volume of 10,000,000 m3.
The water stored in the upper reservoir will be used to generate electrical energy, through the
use of turbines, during the daily peak electricity load. Water collected in the lower reservoir
will be pumped back to the upper reservoir, as long as the daily demand for electricity is low,
using the electricity supply from the base load power plant. The UCPS hydropower plant will
provide a more reliable electricity supply to the Java-Bali grid system at peak periods, in
comparison to Fossil Fuel Power Plants/Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU). Collectively,
Reservoirs, power station infrastructure, roads and transmission lines will occupy space or
land of approximately 731.76 ha of paddy fields, fields, natural and modified forests and
plantation forests.

The purpose of this ESIA report is to present the baseline conditions and the assessment of
the potential environmental and social impacts that may arise from the Upper Cisokan
Pumped Storage (UCPS) hydropower project during the construction, inundation, and
operational phases. This ESIA is a consolidation of an earlier EIA prepared and submitted to
the World Bank in 2011, and an updated assessment of environmental and social conditions
in 2020. As the EIA of 2011 was prepared prior to the World Bank Environmental and Social
Framework of 2018, this ESIA was also prepared in order to align and comply with the
environmental and social standards (ESS1 – ESS10). The current ESIA document was updated
accordingly by PLN in collaboration with Universitas Padjajaran (UNPAD).

The ESIA contains a risk assessment of potential environmental and social impacts that
projects may entail, along with necessary mitigation measures to minimize potential impacts
that may arise as a result of the UCPS hydropower project design, construction and operation.
The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) document contains environmental
and social management measures to be implemented during the preconstruction, construction
and operational phases of the UCPS Hydroelectric Power Plant. This document will be used
as a reference in the preparation of the Contractors-ESMP documents containing
environmental and social management strategies in accordance with the detailed construction
plan followed by the contractors. The ESMP contains specific sub-plans to manage significant
impacts, such as the Cultural Heritage Management Plan; Social and Community
Management Plan (SCMP), which contains the worker influx, labor management and
stakeholder engagement activities; and the Biodiversity Management Plan highlighting
measures to meet the ‘net gain’ habitat objectives of the World Bank Standard for biodiversity
conservation.

The UCPS hydropower plant is located in the West Bandung Regency-Cianjur Regency, West
Java Province, approximately 150 km from the capital city of Jakarta and 50 km from Bandung
City (Figure 11).


                                                                                             0
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 11. Map of UCPS Location on Java Island and West Java Province

Java is the center of economic activity as well as the most populous island in Indonesia. The
Cisokan River flows from South to North as a tributary of the Citarum river, which flows into
the Java Sea on the North Coast of Java. The Citarum River is one of the longest rivers on the
island of Java. The river is host to number of hydropower plants. The closest to the Upper
Cisokan hydropower plant are Cirata Hydroelectric (1,000 MW - downstream) and Saguling
(700 MW - adjacent watershed).




                                                                                            1
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
In terms of energy generation, the UCPS hydropower construction site is an optimal location
for large hydropower developments. The location is accessible to the Java-Bali electricity grid
and in close proximity to two major cities on the island of Java - Jakarta and Bandung, which
are the centers of industry and population in West Java.


1.2 Electricity System on the Java-Bali Grid
In terms of population distribution and economic activity, the grid can be divided into three
distinct parts:

    1. Connected Java-Bali main grid- 30,368 MW installed capacity (PLN, 2020);
    2. More than 20 isolated small power grids with a power generating capacity of 12 MW
       to 1,500 MW in large islands outside Java and Bali; and
    3. Several hundred small power plants, mostly supplying electrical energy to consumers
       in rural areas in and islands outside the Java-Bali area.

The electricity system in the Java-Bali network is a large and modern system. PLN has the task
of providing electrical energy in Indonesia. PLN is vertically integrated with the largest
generation, transmission and distribution of electricity available in Indonesia. Acting as the
only legitimate buyer at the sales level, PLN buys electricity from a growing number of
independent power providers and power generation companies.

Indonesia's electricity demand has grown rapidly over the past three decades, in line with
economic growth. With the rebound of economic growth following the Asian Financial Crisis
in early 2000, electricity demand shows higher growth than the economy, with an average
growth of 4.99% per year (2000-2019. During the same period the capacity of power plants
observed an average growth rate of 3.81% per year (PLN, 2020).

As consumption increases, the difference between low load and peak load also increases. In
1990, this difference measured approximately 1,450 MW. By 2019, the peak load was 28,087
MW with a daily low load of 22,000 MW and an approximate load difference of ±6000 MW
(Figure 12). These trends are presented in Figure 2, outlining the daily load from 1990-2006
and peak load in 2019. The trends suggest that the future could see an increase in electrical
energy demand by approximately 8,000 MW. One of the efforts to meet this growing demand
is the construction of the UCPS Hydropower Plant.




                                                                                             2
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
          (MW)
 16.000
                                                           15.396
 15.000                                                     14.821                    22-Mar-90
                                                           14.398                     06-Sep-91
 14.000                                                     13.682
                                                                                      11-Mar-92
 13.000
                                                                             2006     09-Nop-93
 12.000                                                       11.791                  20-Des-94
                                                                             2005
                                                              11.032         2004
 11.000                                                                               11-Aug-95
                                                                             2003
                                                              10.016                  28-Nop-96
 10.000
                                                              9.876
                                                                                      12-Nop-97
 9.000                                                                       2000
                                                               8.822         99       11-Des-98
 8.000                                                                                30-Nop-99
                                                                             97
                                                               7.773         98
 7.000                                                                                26-Jul-00
                                                                             96
                                                               6.734                  3-Mar-03
 6.000                                                                       95
                                                                             94       28-Sep-04
 5.000
                                                                             93
                                                                             92       29-April-05
 4.000
                                                                             91       21-Nov-06
 3.000                                                                       90
 2.000

 1.000

     0




          19.30

          20.30
          00.30




          04.30




          16.00

          17.30




          20.00




          23.30
          24.00
          01.30



          03.30


          05.00
          05.30
          06.00
          06.30
          07.00


          08.30
          09.00




          12.00
          12.30
          13.30


          15.00




          18.00

          19.00



          21.00
          21.30
          02.30




          09.30




          15.30
          16.30



          18.30
          13.00




          17.00




          22.30
          08.00



          10.30




          23.00
          01.00
          02.00

          03.00
          04.00




          07.30




          10.00

          11.00
          11.30




          14.00
          14.30




          22.00




Figure 12. (a) Total Daily Electricity Charges in Java-Bali when Needs Reach the Highest Amount
(1990-2006) and (b) Peak Needs in 2019.

Indonesia's generating capacity relies on the Java-Bali system. Until 2016, the portion reached
67.2 percent of the total national generating capacity. The 2017-2026 PLN Electricity Supply
Business Plan (RUPTL), highlights the Java-Bali system as a priority for adding power for the
next 10 years. According to the 2017-2026 RUPTL the Java-Bali system projection will
progressively increase to 39.1 Giga Watt (GW). This addition has the potential to increase the
generating capacity in Java-Bali to 72.2 GW in 2026. If successful, this plan will go to support
industrial activity in the future.

The expected mid-term economic growth is approximately 6%. Indonesia's low electrification
ratio (still among the lowest in the East Asia region) indicates that demand for electricity will

                                                                                                    3
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
continue to grow steadily. Large-scale Coal Power Plants currently provide basic energy
requirements in the Java-Bali system and PLN has no plans to meet the growing electricity
demand of 10,000 MW with Coal Power Plants.


1.3 UCPS Hydropower Plant and its Functions in the Java-Bali
    Network
The peak load electricity demand in the Java-Bali area is currently fulfilled by a combination
of Fossil Fuel Power Plants, however, the use of fossil fuels for power generation is not
economical because of high and fluctuating oil prices. Therefore, to overcome the increasing
'load difference' it is necessary to find a way to obtain a cheap and efficient generator, which
is suitable for supplying the daily peak load needs of electricity. The best energy source that
is currently suitable is hydropower with a large reservoir size. However, due to social and
environmental constraints in Java (high population density and areas with high biodiversity
values), an effective peak power supply option is pumped storage. The UCPS pumped
storage hydropower plant requires a smaller reservoir and watershed and requires lower
construction costs than conventional hydropower dams. Furthermore, the UCPS
hydropower plant will provide more reliable electricity generation than ordinary river flow
power plants, because water supply will always be available for the electricity generation
process. The composition of power plants based on fuel type in the Java-Bali region is
presented in Table 7.

Table 7. Composition of Power Plants by Type of Fuel in the Java-Bali Region (Gigawatt-Hour)




The UCPS hydropower plant will be the first hydropower plant in Indonesia to use Pumped
Storage technology and will provide 1,040 MW of electricity during peak electricity usage
times. The UCPS hydropower plant will require 1,000 MW of electricity to pump water from
the lower reservoir to the upper reservoir for water storage. The plant will utilize excess
electricity generated during periods of low electricity demand generated by the Thermal
Power Plant, thereby reducing wear on power plants created by changing daily power output.
This will both improve the efficiency of machine-use and make the Java-Bali electricity grid
system more economic.




                                                                                               4
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Table 8. Comparison of the Advantages of UCPS Pumped Storage Hydropower Plant as a Peaking
Plant to Other Hydropower Plants

 Description                UCPS Pumped Storage       Saguling Hydropower        Cirata Hydropower
                            Hydropower
 Power         Generation   1040 MW                   700 MW                     1000 MW
 Capacity
 Inundation Area            340 Ha:                   4800 Ha                    6200 Ha
                            Upper: 80 Ha
                            Lower: 260 Ha
 Pumping Power Capacity     1,100 MW                  0 MW                       0 MW



Table 8 shows the advantages of UCPS hydropower over two similar hydropower sources
concerning power capacity and inundation area. Other advantages of the UCPS hydropower
plant are:

    •   Can be used as a ‘ready-to-use’ power generation facility in the event of a capacity loss
        problem that occurs in the power grid (due to planned or unplanned power plant
        outages in the system network). The UCPS hydropower plant can start operations and
        receive full load capacity from the power plant within minutes.
    •   Providing response capacity by responding appropriately to changes in power in the
        grid system.
    •   Helping to regulate the entire system frequency between 49 to 51 Hz, and maintain the
        voltage at a constant state. The UCPS hydropower plant will replace the Cirata
        hydropower plant as a power control frequency load station, which will allow
        conventional hydropower plants to operate with a higher efficiency factor.
    •   Assisting in the process of restarting the system if a system failure occurs in the
        network.
    •   Reducing dependence on oil and coal-based power plants during peak electricity
        usage periods and reducing PLN costs in the electricity generation process.


1.4 Main Features of UCPS Hydropower
The main features of the UCPS hydropower plant are:

    •   An upper dam 75.5 m high is built on the Cirumamis River, with a watershed area of
        approximately 10 km2. The reservoir will have 13.47 million m3 active storage and 14
        million m3 full storage. The reservoir surface area, when the water level is at a
        maximum, will be 80 ha. The fluctuation of the operational level between the highest
        and lowest water levels is 19 m. The upper dam body will be constructed of compacted
        concrete. The walls of the weir will also be reinforced to prevent erosion by water
        fluctuation.
    •   The Cirumamis e-flow will match inflow in all cases except where inflow reduces to
        0.01m3/s or below, the minimum e-flow will be maintained at 0.01m3/s.
    •   A 98.0-metre tall lower dam will be built on the Cisokan River, with a watershed area
        of approximately 374 km2. The reservoir will have active storage of 10 million m 3 and
        a full storage of 63 million m3. The reservoir surface area at highest water level will be
        260 ha. The difference in water level during operation, between the highest and lowest
        water levels, is 4.5 m. The dam body will be constructed from compacted concrete.
    •   The Cisokan e-flow will match inflow in all cases except as follows:

                                                                                                     5
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
            o    During the wet season inundation period, e-flow will equal inflow minus
                 6.21m3/s for all flows greater than 7.91m3/s; e-flow will equal 1.7m3/s for all
                 flow lower than 7.91m3/s.
            o During operation, where inflow reduces to or below 0.75m3/s e-flow will be
                 0.55m3/s. e-flow will be 0.01m3/s for all flow at or below 0.01m3/s. This may
                 reduce the active storage volume and generation capacity of UCPS during
                 these low flow periods.
    •   A power plant with a capacity of 1,040 MW and a pump capacity of 1,100 MW, placed
        in an underground power station. Tunnels will connect the power station to the
        reservoirs. A switchyard and administrative office will complement the hydropower
        station.
    •   Two transmission networks connect the UCPS hydropower plant with the Cibinong-
        Saguling network to the north (15.5 km and 15.9 km).
    •   The UCPS hydropower plant will generate electricity during peak electricity demand,
        using base load electricity to pump water from the lower reservoir to the upper
        reservoir, then release the water to generate electricity
    •   After initial inundation, most of the water in the watershed will be passed through
        middle outlets and spillways, with only surface water being retained in the reservoir
        to compensate for evaporation losses as described above.
    •   A new 27 km long road has been constructed to provide access to the construction
        sites, and the existing 7 km long road between the Gunung Karang Quarry and the
        new access road has repaired.
    •   The existing Gunung Karang Quarry will be used as a rock foundation and dam
        building materials.
    •   A short 20 kV grid will be constructed prior to construction to help provide electricity
        during construction.

Major construction activities are expected to take 50 months and are planned to be operational
between 2024 & 2025.


1.5 ESIA Area Definitions
The ESIA uses the following descriptions of areas:

Project Area: The Project Area is the physical footprint of all the infrastructure, reservoirs,
access road, transmission lines, quarry, land acquired for re-settlement, and the 5metre buffer
zone around the reservoirs.

UCPS area: Same as the Project Area

Ecological Project Area of Influence: The Ecological Project Area of Influence comprises the
area of direct impacts and indirect impacts as defined in the BMP (Figure 13).

Study Area: The Study Area is the area within which the environmental and social baseline
studies were conducted. This also includes the area where the AMDAL monitoring points are
located (Figure 14).




                                                                                              6
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 13. Ecological landscape context of the upper and lower dam areas, showing in dark green
the long-term reforestation targets, in light green the core biodiversity areas (BIAs), and in yellow
the biodiversity corridors




Figure 14. Boundary of Study Areas

                                                                                                        7
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
1.6 Main Features of ESIA
The ESIA report is an updated document of previous EIA with additions and changes made
in accordance with the World Bank ESF and contemporary assessment of the baseline.

The main environmental and social risks and impacts associated with the hydropower project
are identified and briefly described below.

1.6.1 Resettlement

The Project requires approximately 731.76 ha of land for the access road, upper and lower
reservoir, and transmission line. Identified impacts due to land acquisition include loss of
land, houses/buildings/ other assets experienced by the landowners; loss of/ damage to
public infrastructures such as schools, mosques, water sources, roads, bridges, sewage and
water systems etc.; loss of forest land and restriction of access to forest resources. A total of
2,063 households were affected by land acquisition including private land owners and those
who occupied forestry land. Out of 2,063 households, 765 households are physically displaced
and required relocation. Three LARAPs were prepared for the power facility and reservoir
area, the access road and transmission line. The LARAPs were under implementation since
2011 and are largely completed. Under the new project, an implementation review of three
LARAPs was undertaken by independent consultants in 2020. The review concluded that the
LARAPs were largely completed in terms of compensation payment delivery, household
relocation and livelihood assistance program. However, the review has also identified some
outstanding tasks and issues that need to be completed and addressed, such as compensation
for lands above the inundation line, lands whose access will be lost due to inundation, the
relocation of 54HHs have received compensation but have not relocated, delivery of
livelihood assistance training activities, and additional needs of infrastructure development
support in host villages that have received some relocating households. These outstanding
tasks and issues need to be further checked and verified. Compensatory, mitigation and
support measures need to be planned and designed in consultation with the concerned
communities and local administration.

PLN has been aware of these issues and have been working with local communities and
governments to address them. PLN has agreed with the bank to take a more proactive and
systematic approach to screen, identify and develop a detailed action plan to complete all
outstanding LARAP tasks and issues. The review report presents an action plan to carry out
the detailed planning and complete outstanding tasks, including the following:

    1. Carry out an identification survey in the reservoir areas and access road to screen
       and map out all outstanding land compensation payment issues, determine the
       ownership of such lands, reach a decision on their eligibility for compensation,
       determine the compensation rate and delivery arrangements, including a timeline.
    2. Verify and update the impact assessment and census of affected households within
       the transmission line ROW to account for the changes that may have taken place in
       the past decade, update the compensation package, based on the above verification
       and updating, the land value changes in the past decade and the new timeline of
       compensation delivery. PLN will update the Transmission Line LARAP 2011.
    3. Together with local administration, carry out screening and assessment of
       infrastructure conditions and needs in the host villages that have received Cisokan
       project resettler households and meet or are close to the minimum policy
       requirements of household size to propose a village-wise infrastructure support plan.

                                                                                               8
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
         PLN will then implement this community infrastructure support plan as agreed and
         approved during the course of the project.
     4. Complete relocation of 54 HHs remaining households in the reservoir areas who
         have received compensation package, chosen self-relocation but have not moved.
         PLN will work with the households and their regency governments to develop a
         household-wise profile to understand their circumstance, their reasons of not
         relocating, their plans and need of support for relocation. PLN will implement the
         measures and ensure all relocations are complete within the Cisokan reservoir areas.
     5. Develop a post-relocation livelihood assistance program, including continuation of
         previously undelivered livelihood support activities, with specific measures, such as
         vocational training, skill development, capacity building and other forms of
         economic assistance. The program will include budget, schedule and detailed
         implementation arrangements.
It is expected that the contractor operation may require additional areas. Such land needs are
expected to be in small pieces scattered in the project areas. To prepare for such eventualities,
a land acquisition and resettlement framework has been developed in line with the applicable
national laws and regulations and ESF ESS5 to guide resettlement planning under such
situations.

1.6.2 Impact of construction activities on society

The construction period is estimated to last for at least five years. The UCPS construction will
require hundreds of workers employed by the Contractors at any one time. Most are expected
to come from elsewhere in Indonesia or overseas and will require accommodation in the
Project area. During the peak construction there will be an influx of up to 2,700 workers and
estimated 4,500-6,000 followers to the project area. Social risks related to construction may
include noise, traffic hazards, dust, restriction of access to land, restricted access to
infrastructure and resources, gender-based violence, and health problems, and disturbances
from migrant workers and camp followers interacting with the local community.

1.6.3 Impact on River Systems

During construction, sediment discharge will affect water quality and poor flow patterns,
erosion, sediment control systems, and control of work carried out on riverbank wetlands and
other discharge management. This is carried out by depositing the flow from the tunnel or
location potentially erosion to two or three levels of settling ponds: sedimentation control of
construction is carried out through control in the construction area itself, such as sediment
that occurs during tunnel excavation, causing sediment when the run-off water plant batching
process carries concrete particles (cement, sand and fly ash), during the process of material
crushing and addition, run-off water carries dust particles, grains of sand and soil, when
draining water for temporary construction (road construction, building construction, switch
yards, control building, etc.) is carried out by constructing temporary embankments and so
on. Diversions will restrict the movement of fish up and down stream.

During inundation, the hydrological regimes in the Cisokan and Cirumamis Rivers will be
temporarily impacted when water is drawn to fill the reservoir over a 3-4 months period. At
least 0.5 m3/s will be discharged from both dams to maintain some river flow (Surat Izin
Penggunaan Sumber Daya Air, 2014). To avoid a big impact due to the filling of the reservoir,
filling the reservoir will be carried out during the rainy season.



                                                                                               9
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
During operational activities, it is estimated that there will be only a slight change in the
hydrological regime downstream of the two dams, because the pumped storage scheme will
recycle water between the reservoirs. The operation of the reservoir is designed to discharge
water at the same rate as the inflow into the reservoir, except for small volumes to replace
evaporation. During low flow periods (at or below 0.75m3/s, a residual flow of 0.55m3/s will
be released downstream). During extreme low flow periods (at or below 0.01m 3/s), a residual
flow of 0.01m3/s will be released downstream. Therefore at low flow periods there will be a
reduction in the water storage within the UCPS reservoirs and consequential reduction in
generation capacity at the Cisokan Hydroelectric Power Plant until higher inflows are
received.

Changes in erosion patterns and disposition may occur downstream of the Cisokan River
during operations, due to reduced sediment loads. Sediment will be deposited in the upper
and lower dam and only suspended sediment will be flown downstream through the spillway
and middle outlet in lower dam.

1.6.4 Impact on Terrestrial Biodiversity

The impact analysis concludes that in the UCPS project area, 400 ha of Critical Habitat will be
directly impacted and 2,288 ha indirectly, while along the transmission line, 100 ha will be
directly impacted and 341 ha indirectly. This results in total impact estimates on Critical
Habitat of 500 ha of directly impacted areas and 2,629 ha of indirectly impacted areas. Taking
into consideration the counterfactual trends, the area impacted is smaller, i.e., 1,867 ha.

The Biodiversity Management Plan (BMP) provides practical guidance for reducing threats to
biodiversity where practical, to manage identified risks, to engage with communities and
stakeholders, and to pro-actively support the development of knowledge in biodiversity
conservation using the ESS 6 mitigation hierarchy. The 3,800 ha of restoration aims to provide
a net positive gain in biodiversity values and the integrated catchment management
approach will enable forest-based livelihoods to thrive while protecting and enhancing forest
habitat for vulnerable species.

1.6.5 Reservoir Security, Dam Safety and Management of Community Safety

Communities will be prohibited from approaching and using the reservoirs to protect their
safety from the sudden and large daily fluctuations of water levels. PLN has prepared a
packaged dam safety plan including: i) Construction Supervision and Quality Assurance Plan,
ii) Instrumentation Plan, iii) Preliminary Operation and Maintenance Plan, and iv) Broad
Framework for Emergency Preparedness Plan. They are required to provide the full-fledged
Operation and Maintenance Plan and Emergency Preparedness Plan to the Bank and Panel of
Experts not less than 6 and 12 months prior to the initiation of the first reservoir filling.

1.6.6 Socio-Economic Benefits

The socio-economic advantages include cheaper peak-load electricity and improved efficiency
in the Java-Bali network. Construction of new roads and bridges that allow access to remote
villages will also provide benefits to the local economy during the Construction stage, while
the development of economic activities towards service and trade will reap benefits during
operational time. The scheme will both strengthen the rural base sector (agriculture, animal
husbandry, fisheries and forestry) and to grow services and trade. It is recognized in the
environmental objectives of the Forest Partnership Framework that implementing significant

                                                                                            10
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
reforestation efforts will require a change in livelihoods from ones focused on short-term
income generation from annual crops to ones more focused on longer-term benefits from
agroforestry.


1.7 Relationship to Programs and Other Documents
1.7.1 Previous EIA and SIA documentation

A series of environmental, social and design studies have been carried out since the first
investigations in the early 1990s. This ESIA report is an updated version of previous EIA with
changes made in accordance with actual conditions and information needed. The content of
the ESIA combines relevant information from several previous EIA (Environmental Impact
Assessment) (EIA 1991 and EIA 2001) and SIA (Social Impact Assessment) (SIA 2015) and any
other technical documents reports:

    •   PT. PLN. 1998. Environmental Impact Analysis of UCPS HEPP West Java. Final
        Report.
    •   PT. PLN. 2001. Additional Environmental Investigation for the Detailed Design of
        UCPS Hydropower Plant Project.
    •   PLN/Newjec Inc. 2001. UCPS Hydropower Plant Project Additional Environmental
        Investigation. Social Acceptability Assessment.
    •   PLN/Newjec Inc. 2007. Environmental Impact Analysis. UCP Bandung Regency and
        Cianjur Regency West Java Province.
    •   PLN/Newjec Inc. 2007. Environmental Impact Analysis. 500kV Transmission Line
        Development for UCPS Hydropower Plant Bandung Regency and Cianjur Regency
        West Java Province.
    •   PLN/Newjec Inc. 2007. Social Acceptance Assessment. UCPS Bandung Regency and
        Cianjur Regency West Java Province.
    •   PLN/Newjec Inc. 2007. Supplement of Environmental Management Plan (RKL) and
        Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL). 500kV Transmission Line Development for
        UCPS Hydropower Plant Bandung Regency and Cianjur Regency West Java Province.
    •   PLN. 2007. Environmental Impact Analysis (AMDAL) - UCPS Hydropower Plant.
    •   PLN. 2011. Revision on ANDAL UCPS Hydropower Plant with a capacity of 4x260
        MW West Java Province (Access Road, Quarry, Utilization of Fly Ash).
    •   PLN/PT.Gamma Epsilon Consultant. 2013. Independent Monitoring Agency-IMA
        UCPS.
    •   PLN/Interdev Consultant. 2019. Social and Stakeholder Mapping Program for the
        UCPS 4x260 MW Hydropower Plant Project in West Bandung Regency and Cianjur
        Regency.

1.7.2 Environmental and Social Report

The separate reports that have been used in the preparation of this ESIA report are:

    •   Neneng. 2009. Social Impact Assessment Final Report. UCPS Additional
        Environmental Studies 2009.
    •   Rahmat, A. 2009. UCPSS Biodiversity Survey. UCPS Hydrpower Plant Additional
        Environmental Studies 2009.
    •   PLN. 2012-2019. RKL-RPL UCPS Hydropower Plant.


                                                                                           11
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
    •   PLN. 2012-2019. RKL-RPL 500 kV Extra High Voltage Power Line (SUTET) UCPS
        Hydropower Plant.
    •   PLN/PT GEOTRAV BHUANA SURVEY, 2013. Study of local management of river
        (watershed management) to support cisokan upstream UCPS Hydropower Plant,
        2013.
    •   PLN. 2014. Biodiversity Management Plan (BMP) UCPS Hydropower Plant
    •   PT. LAPI ITB. 2015. Laporan Bulanan Ke-3 Pekerjaan Satuan Unit Pengaduan/GTF
        (Grievance Task Force) PLTA Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage. PT. PLN (Persero) UIP
        VI.
    •   Fakultas Teknologi Industri Pertanian-UNPAD. 2016. Laporan Akhir Middle Term
        Report Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Hydro-Electrical Power, PT. PLN (Persero)
        UIP, Jawa Bagian Tengah I.
    •   Fakultas Teknologi Industri Pertanian-UNPAD, 2017. Laporan Akhir Independent
        Monitoring Agency (IMA) Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Hydro-Electrical Power,
        PT. PLN (Persero) UIP, Jawa Bagian Tengah I.
    •   Interdev, 2019. Laporan Akhir Program Sosial dan Stakeholder Mapping Proyek PLTA
        UCPS 4x260 MW di Wilayah Kabupaten Bandung Barat, PT. PLN (Persero) UIP, Jawa
        Bagian Tengah I.
    •   Interdev, 2019. Laporan Akhir Program Sosial dan Stakeholder Mapping Proyek PLTA
        UCPS 4x260 MW di Wilayah Kabupaten Cianjur, PT. PLN (Persero) UIP, Jawa Bagian
        Tengah I.

1.7.3 Technical Investigation Design and Report

A number of design and technical reports have been carried out to determine the feasibility
and detailed design of the UCPS hydropower plant. The main technical documents that have
been used to provide information in the ESIA document are:

    •   PLN/Newjec Inc. 1995. Feasibility Report for the UCPS Hydropower Plant Project
        Development Project in the Republik of Indonesia. Final Report (Summary).
    •   PLN/Newjec Inc. 2002. Detailed Design Report. Volumes 1 – 13.
    •   PLN/Newjec Inc. 2007. Supplementary Study of UCPS Hydropower Plant Project.
        Volumes 1-6.
    •   Sinotech Engineering/Hydrochina Corp. 2013. dam Safety Plan UCPS Hydropower
        Plant Project.
    •   PLN Enjiniring/Nippon Koei/Newjec Inc./Indokoei International/Wiratman, 2019.
        dam Design Review Report
    •   PLN Enjiniring/Nippon Koei/Newjec Inc./Indokoei International/Wiratman, 2019.
        Engineering Services for Updating Detailed Design and Preparing Construction
        Drawing of UCPS Hydropower Plant Project
    •   PLN Enjiniring/Nippon Koei/Newjec Inc./Indokoei International/Wiratman, 2019.
        Hydrology Review Report
    •   PLN Enjiniring/Nippon Koei/Newjec Inc./Indokoei International/Wiratman, 2019.
        Seismology Review Report
    •   PLN Enjiniring/Nippon Koei/Newjec Inc./Indokoei International/Wiratman, 2019.
        Open Earthwork Design Review Report
    •   PLN Enjiniring/Nippon Koei/Newjec Inc./Indokoei International/Wiratman, 2019.
        Underground Structure Design Review Report
    •   PLN Enjiniring/Nippon Koei/Newjec Inc./Indokoei International/Wiratman, 2019.
        GBR Review Report for Upper and Lower dam

                                                                                        12
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
1.7.4 Related Programs

This ESIA document contains programs and activities that PT. PLN has carried out previously
as an effort to prevent and manage negative impacts of the resettlement process, both in
project areas and communities in areas where resettlement will be carried out; environmental
impact monitoring through RKL-RPL; and implementation of the Biodiversity Management
Plan (BMP). Since 2012, PLN has conducted monitoring through RKL-RPL twice a year
around the project area.




                                                                                         13
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
CHAPTER 2.              INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK
This project is located in two administrative areas in the West Java Province, namely West
Bandung Regency and Cianjur Regency according to the Decree of the Governor of West Java
Number 593 / Kep-596-Pemksm / 2018 dated June 8, 2018 concerning the Third Amendment
to the Decree of the Governor of West Java Number 593 /Kep.1386/Pemum/2011 concerning
Stipulation of Land Acquisition Location for the Construction of the Upper Cisokan Pumped
Storage (UCPS) hydropower plant in West Bandung Regency and Cianjur Regency for the
UCPS hydropower plant.

This project has been approved and implemented based on several relevant laws and
regulations applicable in Indonesia.

The key to the laws and regulations are as follows:

    •   Regional Regulation No.22 of 2010 concerning the Regional Spatial Plan of West Java
        Province in 2009-2029
    •   Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection
        and Management.

Other related laws and regulations include guidelines and standards for land use, water
quality, protection of endangered species, environmental management, and social aspects in
relation to energy and electricity projects whose full list is listed in Annex B.


2.1 West Java Province Spatial Plan
According to Indonesian law, activities that are required to make an Environmental Impact
Assessment (AMDAL) must see whether the activities to be carried out are in accordance with
the spatial layout. If requirements are not met, these activities are rejected for the AMDAL
process.

The Cisokan hydropower project activities must receive an AMDAL certification. The
AMDAL activity is region-specific and must, therefore, be adjusted to the Spatial Plan for the
Province of West Java, West Bandung Regency and Cianjur Regency.

Under the West Java Provincial Spatial Plan 2009-2029, the regional development regulations
for West Java Province are divided into five development zones (Development Area Plans)
and one special zone. The UCPS hydropower plant is located in the Sukabumi Development
Zone and its surrounding area. Apart from other development problems, the direction of the
development zone for Sukabumi and its surroundings is to carry out strategic infrastructure
development, and to build industries that do not pollute or require excessive water
abstraction.

The West Java infrastructure development plan is set out in Annex 4 of the spatial plan
concept and includes plans for transportation infrastructure, water and irrigation, energy and
electricity, and housing/ housing infrastructure. The development plan for energy and
electricity infrastructure is as follows:

    •   Construction of electrical installations and distribution networks to increase and
        evenly distribute electricity supply to all regions of West Java.
    •   Renewable energy development, including:

                                                                                           14
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
           o geothermal,
           o micro-hydro,
           o solar and wind power, and
           o bio fuels.
    •   Development of non-renewable energy for electricity supply.

The basis for the West Java Provincial Regulation No. 22/2010 includes Law No.5 of 1960
concerning Basic Agrarian Basic Regulations, Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 5 of 1990
concerning Protection of Biological Natural Resources and Their Ecosystems, Law Republic
of Indonesia No.41 of 1999 concerning Forestry, and Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 7
of 2004 concerning Water Resources. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No.7 of 2004
concerning Water Resources is currently no longer valid and has been replaced by Law of the
Republic of Indonesia No.17 of 2019 concerning water resources. One of the requirements for
submitting AMDAL is the suitability of the activity with the regional spatial plan.

The detailed development of UCPS hydropower plant has been included in the West Bandung
Regency Spatial Plan as regulated by the West Bandung Regency Regional Regulation (Perda)
No.2 of 2012 concerning the West Bandung Regency Spatial Plan for 2009 - 2029 and is also
included in the Regency Spatial Plan Cianjur as regulated in the Regional Regulation (Perda)
of Cianjur Regency No. 17 of 2012 concerning the 2011-2031 Cianjur Regency Spatial Plan.
Thus, the construction of Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage in detail is in accordance with the
West Bandung Regency Spatial Plan and the Cianjur Regency Spatial Plan.


2.2 Protection and Management of the Environment
The Environmental Impact Analysis (AMDAL) process is mandatory for every business and/
or activity that has a significant impact on the environment. This is stated in the Law of the
Republic of Indonesia No.32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management,
namely in Article 22 Paragraph (1).:

         Law of the Republic of Indonesia No.32 of 2009 concerning Protection and
        Management of the Environment revokes Law No.23 of 1997 concerning
        Environmental Management. The implementation of AMDAL was originally
        regulated in Government Regulation PP 27 of 1999 concerning Environmental Impact
        Analysis. Government Regulation No.27 of 1999 was revoked and declared invalid
        with the promulgation of Government Regulation No.27 of 2012 concerning
        Environmental Permits on February 23, 2012.

Minister of Environment Regulation No.5 of 2012 is no longer valid with the enactment of
Minister of Environment Regulation No.38 of 2019. The updated regulation of the Minister of
Environment No.38 came into effect in. Minister of Environment Regulation No.5 of 2012 is
no longer valid with the enactment of Minister of Environment Regulation No.38 of 2019. The
last revision of AMDAL for Cisokan Hydroelectric Power Plant was carried out in 2011, as a
result, the provisions applied in the construction of the Cisokan Hydroelectric Power Plant at
that time were the Minister of Environment Regulation No.5 of 2012.

Based on the Regulation of the State Minister for the Environment of the Republic of Indonesia
No. 05/2012 concerning types of business plans and/ or activities that require an
environmental impact analysis in the hydropower sector as listed in Appendix I, namely:

        a. dams with a height of more than or equal to 15 meters;

                                                                                           15
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
        b. an area that is submerged in water is more than or equal to 200 hectares, and;
        c. an energy capacity of more than 50 MW requires AMDAL because it has the
           potential to have an impact on air quality (odor and noise), water quality, flora and
           fauna, social, economic, and cultural aspects, especially related to land acquisition.

The UCPS hydropower plant uses a Pumped Storage system with two dams which dam the
Cisokan River and Cirumamis River. The total area of inundation (immersion) for the two
dams is 340 Ha. The energy capacity produced is 1,040 MW.

Based on Article 5 Paragraph (1) Government Regulation No.27 of 2012 concerning
Environmental Permits that the AMDAL preparation as referred to in Article 4 Paragraph (1)
is written into the AMDAL document which consists of: Terms of Reference, Andal and RKL-
RPL.

ANDAL (Environmental Impact Analysis) is a careful and in-depth study of the significant
impacts of a plan and/ or activity. (Article 1 Number 7 Government Regulation No.27 of
2012). RKL (Environmental Management Plan) is an effort to deal with the impact on the
environment as a result of a planned business and/ or activity (Article 1 Number 8 of
Government Regulation No.27 of 2012). RPL (Environmental Monitoring Plan) is an effort to
monitor environmental components affected by the impact of a business plan and/ or activity.

Based on Article 2 of Government Regulation No.27 of 2012, every business and/ or activity
that is required to have an AMDAL or UKL-UPL is required to have an Environmental Permit.
Environmental permits are obtained through phases of activities including AMDAL and
UKL-UPL preparation, AMDAL assessment and UKL-UPL inspection and application and
issuance of environmental permits.

According to Article 47 Paragraph (1) Government Regulation No.27 of 2012:

        a. environmental permit issued by the Minister for environmental feasibility decisions
        or UKL-UPL Recommendations issued by the Minister.

        b. governor, for environmental feasibility decisions or UKL-UPL Recommendations
        issued by the governor; and c. regents/ mayors, for Decisions on Environmental
        Feasibility or UKL-UPL Recommendations issued by the regents/ mayors.

PT. PLN (Persero) Central Java Development Main Unit 1 has obtained an environmental
permit for hydropower activities at the UCPS hydropower plant activity location with a
capacity of 4 x 260 MW in West Bandung Regency and Cianjur Regency based on the Decree
of the Investment and Integrated Services Office One Gate Government of West Java Province
No. 660/18/11.1.02.0/DPMPTSP/2018 dated 25 May 2018.

This environmental permit comes out with due regard:

    a. Letter from the Governor of West Java No.660.1/1241-BPLHD, dated 12 April 200,7
       regarding the ANDAL, RKL/RPL Study Assessment for the Development of the
       Upper Cisokan Hydro Power Plant (Pumped Storage) in Bandung Barat and Cianjur
       Regency
    b. Letter from the Governor of West Java No.660/1985-BPLHD, dated 21 April 2011,
       regarding the Revised Study Assessment for ANDAL, RKL/RPL Upper Cisokan
       Pumped Storage with a capacity of 4x260 MW (Intermediate Road Development


                                                                                              16
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
       Activity Plans, construction of access roads, quarry mining and Fly Ash Utilization
       Coal) in West Bandung Regency and Cianjur Regency;
    c. Application letter for PT PLN (Persero) Central Java Development Main Unit I
       No.0110/KLH.01.02/IUPJBTI/2018, dated 24 April 201,8 regarding Upper Cisokan
       Pumped Storage Hydropower Plant with 4x 260 MW Capacity in West Bandung and
       Cianjur Regencies;
    d. Letter from the Head of the Office of Investment and One Stop Services of the Regional
       Government of West Java Province No. 503/2635/ESDA dated May 15, 2018 regarding
       Technical Considerations;
    e. Letter from the Head of the West Java Provincial Government Environmental Service
       No.660.1/2588/Bid-1/2018 dated May 17, 2018.

Based on Article 49 of Government Regulation no. 27 of 2012, environmental permits that have
been issued by the Minister, governors, or mayors must be announced through mass media
and/ or multimedia within 5 working days of issuance.

The Environmental Permit for the UCPS hydropower plant development was announced on
6 June 2019.

The Job Creation Law simplifies both environmental and business licensing. Terms and
obligations in environmental agreement remain part of the load terms and obligations in
business license issued to business actors. During the permit acquisition process, business is
not revoked, however, if there is a violation of conduct, as stipulated in the AMDAL document
or UKL-UPL, then activities and licensing are halted.


2.3 Other Related Laws and Regulations
2.3.1 Electricity Laws and Regulations

The construction of the UCPS hydropower plant involves the supply and utilization of
electricity as well as electricity support businesses. Based on Article 1 paragraph 4 of the Law
of the Republic of Indonesia No. 30 of 2009, electricity generation is’ the activity of producing
electricity’. Article 1 paragraph 5 of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 30 of 2009,
defines power transmission electricity as the distribution of electricity from generation to the
distribution system or to consumers, or the distribution of electricity between systems.

The construction of the UCPS hydropower plant can guarantee the availability of stable and
sufficient electricity at a reasonable price. Which, in turn, is expected to improve the people's
welfare and prosperity. In addition, the requirements for development permits and operating
permits from UCPS hydropower plant must comply with the provisions contained in Law of
the Republic of Indonesia No.30 of 2009 concerning Electricity.

Several articles in the Electricity Law were amended and abolished by the Job Creation Act,
one of which is article 30 of the Electricity Law so it reads that there is compensation for
owners of land and everything on it that is used either directly or indirectly for power plant
construction and transmission activities.

2.3.2 Land Acquisition Legislation and Process

Land acquisition for the Project is subject to new laws and regulations. Omnibus Law (Undang
Undang Cipta Kerja), Law No. 11 of 2020, especially in Chapter VIII concerning the Land

                                                                                              17
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Acquisition for Development for Public Interest strengthens Law no. 2 of 2012. Law 11/2020
comes into force since the enactment of Government Regulation no. 9/2021 concerning the
Implementation of Land Acquisition for Development for Public Interest on February 2, 2021.
The remaining land acquisition is part of the outstanding tasks that must be carried out and
completed by PLN before the commencement of construction, will be subject to this new
legislation (Transitional Provisions, Article 140, Government Regulation 19/2021). All land
acquisition settlements for the Cisokan Project are carried out under the new legislations.

The Policies of the Republic of Indonesia relating to the land acquisition are as follows:

      1.  Law No. 5/1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Regulations.
      2.  Law No. 2 of 2012 on Land Acquisition for Development for Public Interest.
      3.  Law No 11 of 2021 on Omnibus Law (Undang Undang Cipta Kerja) especially in
          Chapter VIII concerning Land Acquisition for Development for Public Interest
      4. Government Regulation No 11 of 2021 concerning Implementation of Land
          Acquisition for Development for Public Interest
      5. Presidential Regulation Number 62 of 2018 concerning Management of Social
          Impacts in the context of Provision of Land for National Development.
      6. Regulation of the Minister of ATR/BPN Number 6 of 2020 concerning Provisions
          for the Implementation of Presidential Regulation No. 62 of 2012.
      7. West Java Governor Regulation Number 32 of 2013 concerning Technical
          Guidelines for Implementation of Land Acquisition Preparation for Development
          for Public Interest.
      8. Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry Number
          P.7/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/2/2019 concerning Amendments to the
          Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry Number
          P.27/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/7/2018 concerning Borrowing and Use of
          Forest Area Guidelines.
      9. West Java Governor Regulation Number 32 of 2013 concerning Technical
          Guidelines for Implementing Land Preparation for Development for Public
          Interest.
      10. Decree of the Governor of West Java 593/Kep.596-Pemksm/2018 concerning the
          third amendment to the Decree of the Governor of West Java Number
          593/Kep.1386/Pemum/2011 concerning the Stipulation of Land Acquisition
          Location for Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Hydro Power Plant Development in
          West Bandung and Cianjur Regency.
      11. Regulation of the Director of PLN Number 0344.P/DIR/2016 concerning Small
          Scale Land Acquisition under 5 ha.
      12. Memorandum of Understanding for West Java Provincial Government, Cianjur
          Regency Government, West Bandung Regency Government with PT. PLN
          (Persero) Regarding the CSR Program for the Construction of Upper Cisokan
          Pump Storage Plants Number:
          671/06/Admrek/2009;671/2064/Bappeda;205.2/PRJ-34
          PLN/2009;013.MoU/040/DIR/2009




                                                                                             18
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
2.3.3 Legislation Concerning Village Treasury Land

The construction of UCPS hydropower plant uses village treasury lands in two sub-districts,
namely Cipongkor District and Rongga District, West Bandung Regency. Village treasury
lands are regulated under Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning villages. Village treasury land is
considered a village asset according to Article 76 paragraph (1) of the Village Law. Villages
that are managed have a higher compensation value when compared to private land
controlled by individuals due to the element of public interest. This is a determining factor
when considering the amount of compensation for Village Treasury Land as the object of land
release.

The development of the UCPS hydropower plant will affect the rural area. PLN must,
therefore, pay attention to the development of villages or rural area development carried out
in collaboration with the city/district government or local village government.

As explained in Article 83 paragraph 3, the Development of Rural Areas includes:

        a. the utilization of the Village area in the framework of determining the development
        area in accordance with the Regency/City spatial layout;

        b. services carried out to improve the welfare of rural communities;

        c. infrastructure development, increasing rural economy, and developing appropriate
        technology; and

        d. village community empowerment to increase access to services and economic
        activities.

Article 84 paragraph (1) states that the Development of Rural Areas by the Government,
Provincial Government, Regency/ City Government, and/ or third parties related to the
utilization of Village Assets and Village spatial planning must involve the Village
Government.

The release and payment of compensation for village treasury land for Cisokan Hydroelectric
Power Plant must be carried out in reference to Permendagri Number 1 of 2016. Article 33
Paragraph (2) letter b Permendagri Number 1 of 2016, states that if the replacement land is
not yet available, then the replacement land is first given in the form of money. Article 33
Paragraph (2) letter c states that the replacement in the form of money, as referred to in letter
b, must be used to purchase replacement land of an equivalent value. This can be interpreted
as compensation for village treasury land can be made using money which goes towards
buying replacement land that is equal in value to the agreed upon compensation. The next
arrangement concerns the location of replacement land. Article 33 Paragraph (2) letter d,
Permendagri Number 1 of 2016 states that the replacement land should be located in the local
village. Article 33 Paragraph (2) letter e states that if the location of the replacement land is
not available in the local Village, as referred to in letter d, the replacement land can be located
in a Village in a directly adjacent a District.

If with Law 2 of 2012, the provisions for releasing village treasury lands are carried out with
reference to Article 34 of the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation No.1 of 2016, which states
that the implementation stages of releasing village treasury must be carried out with the
permission of the respective Regional and Provincial Governors. The permission from the


                                                                                                19
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Governor is the basis for the Officials Making the Land Acquisition Commitment to provide
compensation to the Village for land acquisition in the form of village treasury land.

Regarding the compensation that must be made by PLN as a work provider in the
construction of PLTA Cisokan, there are changes in the Job Creation Law. The changes are as
follows:

        Article 46, concerning compensation for village treasury land, includes an additional
        change in the form of compensation. According to Article 46 paragraph (4),
        compensation for the object of village treasury land acquisition as referred to in
        paragraph (1) letter c can be given in a deep form, including:

        a. Money
        b. Residential land
        c. Resettlement
        d. Share ownership, and
        e. Another form agreed upon by both parties

Article 34 paragraph (2) of the Job Creation Law states that the compensation of losses is
carried out based on the results of the assessment which will be submitted to the Land
Institution along with the minutes of the announcement of the location for the construction of
PLTA Cisokan. The compensation value is final and binding.

2.3.4 Construction Activities Legislation

Construction activities in the Upper Cisokan project, both main and supporting construction,
must comply with the provisions in the Construction Services Law No.2 of 2017, which
replaces Law 18 of 1999 concerning Construction Services, along with its implementing
regulations.

According to Article 59 Paragraph (1) of Law No.2 of 2017, in the implementation of
construction services, service users and service providers are required to meet security, safety,
health and sustainability standards. Article 85 Paragraph (1) of Law No.2 of 2017 states that
the public can participate in the supervision of the implementation of construction services by
accessing information related to construction activities that have an impact on the interests of
the community. Individuals can file complaints, lawsuits and appeals for compensation in
relation to construction service activities.

Currently, PT Brantas Abipraya has initiated the construction of the 27 km access road, which
will be continued by PT Pembangunan Perumahan (PP) Persero. The impacts of construction
work will continue to be adressed by PT PLN (Persero) Central Java Development Main Unit
1 as long as there are still complaints from the public.

PLN must pay attention to the amendments to the Construction Services Law by the Job
Creation Law to the dam construction and transmission activities that will be carried out. The
elimination of several articles in the Construction Services Law, which obligates:

        a. the opening of a foreign construction service representative office;
        b. prioritizing the use of domestic construction materials, technology and technology
           transfer processes;
        c. up to date to technology that is efficient and environmentally sound;


                                                                                              20
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
        d.    formation of operational cooperation with agencies from a qualified national
             construction service business that has a business license in every construction
             service business activity in Indonesia and employs more Indonesian workers than
             foreign workers.

2.3.5 Employment and OHS Laws and Regulations

Labor Regulations related to Occupational Health and Safety:

1. Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower:

One of the important discussions in Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower related to
Cisokan Hydropower workers is the protection of occupational safety and health which are
rights that must be accepted by workers and fulfilled by companies. Furthermore, is it
mandatory that PLN provides protection for workers in the construction of Cisokan
Hydropower. The regulations of Articles 86 and 87 of Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning
Manpower Article 86 are as follows:

(1)     Every worker/ laborer has the right to receive protection:

        a.      Occupational Health and Safety;
        b.      Morals; and
        c.      Treatment in accordance with human dignity and religious values.

(2)     To protect the safety of workers/ laborers in order to achieve optimal work
        productivity, efforts are made to Occupational Health and Safety.

(3)     The protection as meant in paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) shall be implemented in
        accordance with the prevailing laws and regulations.

Article 87 explains that:

(1)     Every company is obligated to implement an Occupational Health and Safety
        management system that is integrated with the company management system.

(2)     Implementation of the Occupational Health and Safety management system, as
        referred to in paragraph (1,) shall be regulated by a Government Regulation.

Occupational health and safety, especially in the construction of the Cisokan Hydropower
system, must be implemented in accordance with the provisions of the laws and regulations
regulated in Indonesia. In line with this, the International Labor Organization (ILO) also
explains that the productivity achieved in carrying out work is a numerical comparison
between the amount produced and the amount of each source used during production, which
is fulfilled and balanced.

The implementation of occupational health and safety in the construction at Cisokan is
intended to reduce the risk of infirmity due to work, control hazards in the workplace, and
provide any necessary treatment and rehabilitation during the construction of Cisokan
Hydropower.




                                                                                         21
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
All workers in the construction activities of the UCPS hydropower plant project have their
normative rights following Law No.13 of 2003 concerning Manpower. Some of which have
been amended by the Job Creation Act. Changes to the Manpower Law are:

       a.     The loss of the maximum time limit provisions in the Fixed Time Work
              Agreement (PKWT).
       b.     Permit to use foreign workers is replaced only with a plan to use foreign workers
              approved by the central government with the exception of startups, research,
              etc.
       c.     Overtime per day is increased from a maximum of 3 hours to 4 hours - a
              maximum of 18 hours a week.
       d.     There are 6 working days in one week and one day of rest. The provision of
              weekly rest for 5 working days is not regulated.
       e.     The elimination of the phrase "the need for a decent life" as a reference for
              calculating the minimum wage, which has an impact on the broader shift in the
              concept of wage protection.
       f.     Removal of restrictions on the types of work that can be outsourced.
       g.     The paradigm shift of termination of employment is easier because it opens the
              possibility of layoffs only through notification from employers to workers
              without prior negotiation.
       h.     Less government interference in industrial relations by restoring work relations
              to an agreement between employers and workers, such as the matter of non-
              permanent contracts time limit and the right to long rest that can be agreed upon
              in the work agreement.

2. Law Number 1 of 1970 concerning Occupational Safety

As has been explained in the protection of occupational health and safety based on Law
Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower, a more specific arrangement or lex specialis that
regulates worker safety in the construction of Cisokan Hydropower has been regulated in
Law Number 1 of 1970 concerning Work Safety.

PLN must be in accordance with those regulations stipulated in Article 14 of Law No.1 of 1997
concerning Work Safety, namely:

        a. Placing all the required work safety requirements, both for rules in the work safety
        legislation and all the implementing regulations that apply to the workplace
        concerned, in places that are easily seen and legible and according to the instructions
        of the supervisory officer or occupational health expert;

        b. Installing, all required work safety pictures and all other guidance materials in
        places that are easily seen and legible according to the instructions of supervisory
        employees or occupational safety expert.

        c. Providing free of charge, all personal protective equipment required for workers
        and every other person who enters the workplace, accompanied by instructions
        required according to the instructions of the supervisory employee or occupational
        safety expert.

3. Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health



                                                                                            22
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
This Law participates in regulating occupational health as referred to in the previous Law.
Occupational health is regulated in Article 23 which explains that:

        a. Occupational health shall be implemented to achieve optimal work productivity.
        b. Occupational health includes occupational health services, prevention of
           occupational diseases and injury.
        c. Every workplace is obligated to provide occupational health.
        d. Provisions regarding occupational health, as referred to in Paragraph (2) and
           Paragraph (3), are stipulated by a Government Regulation.

Based on this explanation, PLN as a work provider is obliged to guarantee the work health of
workers who are involved in the construction of the Cisokan hydropower.

4. Government Regulation Number 88 of 2019 concerning Occupational Health

Government Regulation Number 88 of 2019 concerning Occupational Health is the
implementing regulation of Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health. Based on the two
regulations, it is explained that Occupational Health is an effort aimed at protecting everyone
who is in the workplace so that they can live free from health problems resulting from work.
The definition of a workplace is any room or field, closed or open, mobile or permanent, where
the worker works, or where workers often enter for business purposes and where there is a
potential source of danger in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations.

This means that the implementation of occupational health for the workforc at the
construction of Cisokan Hydropower is mandatory because Article 3 of the PP on
Occupational Health explains that "Occupational Health Providers as referred to in Article 2
are addressed to everyone who is under the workplace". This is also reflected in the
explanation related to occupational health which has always been an integral part of the
guarantee of occupational health and safety as regulated in the Manpower Act, the
Occupational Safety Law and the Health Law. In addition, policies related to occupational
health insurance for workers are in line with the principles in the National Health System in
Indonesia.

The following is an explanation of what health insurance protection that PLN can provide to
construction workers at Cisokan Hydropower, based on Article 2 of Government Regulation
Number 88 of 2019 concerning Occupational Health:

Article 2

        (1) The central government, regional governments and the community are responsible
        for implementing occupational health in an integrated, comprehensive and
        sustainable manner.

        (2) The Occupational Health Administration as referred to in paragraph (1) includes
        efforts:

        a.      disease prevention;
        b.      health improvement;
        c.      disease management; and
        d.      health restoration.
        (3) Efforts as referred to in paragraph (2) shall be implemented in accordance with
        occupational health standards.

                                                                                            23
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
        (4) The occupational health standard as referred to in paragraph (3) shall be
        implemented with due observance of the National Health System and the national
        occupational health and safety policy in accordance with the provisions of laws and
        regulations.

In Government Regulation Number 88 of 2019, concerning Occupational Health, certain
standards that must be upheld by occupational health providers as regulated in Articles 4,5,
6 and 7 which consist of standards for efforts to prevent occupational diseases, improve health
in workplace, deal with disease for workers, as well as restore health to workers.

Furthermore, PLN as an occupational health provider based on the PP Health at work is
obliged to provide supporting facilities in order to guarantee the health of workers who are
tied to the construction of Cisokan Hydropower, including:

       a. Human resources consisting of health workers and non-health workers as
       supervisors;
       b. Health service facilities such as the nearest health center as a form of cooperation;
       c. Occupational Health Equipment such as personal protective equipment in
       accordance with risk factors or occupational safety and health hazards in the Cisokan
       hydropower plant; and
       d. Recording and reporting the implementation of occupational safety and health
       insurance carried out by employers and managers of work places and/ or health
       service facilities.
Furthermore, the recording and reporting are submitted in stages to the Central Government
and Regional Governments as surveillance of the implementation of occupational health in
the construction of the Cisokan Hydropower plant.

5. Law Number 40 of 2004 regarding Social Security

This Social Security Law is the basis for the guarantee of the rights that should be received by
workers. Social securities, as regulated in Article 18 of Law Number 40 of 2004 cover:

        a. health insurance;
        b. accident insurance;
        c. pension plan;
        d. pension guarantee; and
        e. life insurance.

Based on this Law, PLN as a work provider is obliged to guarantee the health of the workforce
organized nationally based on the principles of social insurance and equity.

The health insurance that is held can be issued by PLN as a work provider with the aim of
ensuring that participants get the benefits of health care and protection in meeting basic health
needs. Given that Indonesia is currently experiencing the Covid-19 pandemic, health
insurance needs to be improved as there are many parties in the construction of the Cisokan
hydropower plant. In this case, PLN does not only provide health insurance to workers, but
all family members of the participants. PLN must also provide occupational health insurance,
which remains valid for a maximum of 6 (six) months, if during the construction of the
Cisokan Hydropower there are workers who experience termination of employment.

The health insurance provided by PLN will be in the form of individual health services that
include promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative services, including drugs and other
                                                                                              24
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
medical necessities. Furthermore, it will be given to government-owned or private health
facilities that collaborate with the Social Security Administering Body. Except in an emergency
situation, services can be provided at health facilities that do not cooperate with the Social
Security Administering Bodies.

PLN, as a work provider, must follow the work accident insurance arrangements as described
in Article 29 that work accident insurance is held nationally based on the principle of social
insurance, with the aim of ensuring that participants receive health service benefits and
monetary compensation.

As a high-risk construction project, insurance for work accidents must be provided as a
guarantee of occupational safety and health for workers in the construction of the Cisokan
Hydropower. PLN must also provide benefits in the form of health services in accordance
with respective medical needs and benefits in the form of cash in the event of a permanent
total disability or death to the worker who has a work accident. Work accident security
benefits in the form of cash are given to the heirs of workers who die or workers with
disabilities according to the level of disability.

In this case, however, there are several different arrangements, as described in this Social
Security Law, where participants who receive social security in the form of health insurance
and work accidents are workers who have paid regular contributions as well as if there are
additional family members as regulated in Article 30 of the Social Security Law. This is
different from what is regulated in the Occupational Health Law, which explains that health
insurance is not paid for by the worker himself but has been guaranteed by the government.

Even though there are differences in the arrangements for occupational safety and health
insurance, the workforce for the construction of Cisokan Hydropower must insured by the
work provider.

6. Law Number 24 of 2011 concerning Social Security Administering Bodies

In the context of implementing occupational health and safety insurance, Law Number 24 of
2011 concerning Social Security Administering Bodies has the function of administering
health insurance programs. As explained in Article 14 of the BPJS Law, "everyone, including
foreigners who have worked for at least 6 (six) months in Indonesia, must be a participant of
the Social Security program.”.

Therefore, companies related to the workforce are required to register workers who are
entitled to social security. PLN is obliged to provide occupational safety and health
guarantees to the workforce of the construction of Cisokan Hydropower as regulated in
Article 14 of the BPJS Law. Furthermore, it is explained in Article 15 of the BPJS Law, that:

        (1) An Employer is obliged to gradually register himself and his Workers as
        Participants with the BPJS in accordance with the respective Social Security program.

        (2) Employers, in registering as referred to in paragraph (1), are required to provide
        complete and correct data on themselves, their Workers and their family members to
        BPJS.

        (3) The stages referred to in paragraph (1) shall be regulated by a Presidential
        Regulation.


                                                                                            25
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
As for the company's implementation of occupational health and safety guarantees for its
workers, it can be done by following the health insurance and work accident insurance and
death insurance programs as described in Article 6 paragraph (1) of the BPJS Law.

7. Government Regulation Number 50 of 2012 concerning Implementation of the
Occupational Health and Safety Management System

Government Regulation Number 50 of 2012 describes the Occupational Health and Safety
Management System which controls risks related to work activities in order to create a safe,
efficient and productive workplace. It is necessary that PLN implements this management
system during the construction of the Cisokan Hydropower.

Furthermore, an Occupational Health and Safety Management System Audit will be carried
out as part of a systematic and independent inspection of the fulfillment of predetermined
criteria to measure the results of activities that have been planned and implemented in the
application of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System in the employer
company.

Based on the Elucidation of Article 5 paragraph 2 the requirements that must be fulfilled as a
work provider company as follows:

Article 5 paragraph (2): The obligations referred to in paragraph (1) apply to companies:

        a. employing workers / laborers at least 100 (one hundred) people; or

        b. observing a high level of potential danger.

The description of work with a high level of potential danger is a company with a high risk of
hazards that can cause accidents that harm human life, disrupt the production processes and
pollute the work environment”.

Based on the requirements described in Article 5 paragraph 2 PP Number 50 of 2012, the
construction work of the Cisokan Hydropower must be accompanied by an occupational
safety and health management system. Data provided by PLN shows that 2700 workers are
involved in the construction of the Cisokan Hydropower, which means that requirement (a)
for the implementation of Occupational Health and Safety Management System is fulfilled.

Based on the description of ‘high level of potential danger’ in Article 5 letter b of Government
Regulation Number 50 of 2012, the construction work of Cisokan Hydropower is one of the
jobs with high potential hazards because the risk of work accidents does not only cover human
loss but also results in the disruption of the production process and pollution of the work
environment.

Therefore, this Occupational Safety and Health Management System must be fulfilled by PLN
as a work provider to prevent and reduce occupational accidents and occupational diseases
by involving elements of management, workers/ laborers, and/ or trade/ labor unions.
Article 6 paragraph (1), explains the necessary action PLN can take:

Article 6 paragraph (1)

        a. the stipulation of OHS policies;
        b. OHS planning;

                                                                                             26
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
        c. the implementation of the OHS plan;
        d. monitoring and evaluation of OHS performance; and
        e. performance improvements of Occupational Health and Safety Management
        Systems

The explanation is as follows:

a. The Stipulation of OHS Policies

The OHS policy stipulation is carried out by PLN per Article 6 paragraph (1) letter a. The
entrepreneur must at least:

        a. conduct an initial review of the OHS condition which includes:

                1. identification of potential hazards, risk assessment and control;
                2. a comparison of the implementation of OHS with companies and other
                sectors that are better;
                3. review of the cause and effect of a dangerous event;
                4. compensation and interference as well as the results of previous assessments
                relating to safety; and
                5. assessment of the efficiency and effectiveness of the resources provided.
        b. pay attention to continuous improvement of OHS management performance; and
        c. pay attention to input from workers/ labor and/ or trade/ labor unions.

The OHS policy made by the company contains a number of related issues, namely:

         a.   vision;
         b.   company objectives;
         c.   commitment and determination to implement the policy; and
         d.   framework and work program covering general and/ or operational company
                 activities.

PLN, as a work provider, must disseminate the stipulated OHS policy to all workers/
laborers, people other than workers/ laborers who are in the company, and other related
parties.

b. OHS planning

The OHS plan is prepared and stipulated by the entrepreneur with reference to the OHS
policy. While preparing the OHS plan, as referred to in paragraph (2), the entrepreneur must
consider:

         a.   the results of the initial review;
         b.   identification of potential hazards, risk assessment and control;
         c.   laws, regulations and other requirements; and
         d.   resources owned.

When compiling an OSH plan, PLN must involve an OSH Expert, an OHS Advisory
Committee, workers / labor representatives, and other parties involved in the company.

The OHS plan contains:


                                                                                            27
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
         a.   goals and objectives;
         b.   a priority scale;
         c.   hazard control efforts;
         d.   the determination of resources;

2.3.6 Quarry Mining Regulations

The construction of the UCPS hydropower plant dam uses granite taken from Gunung Karang
owned by PT Indonesia Power's SHGB. Quarry mining is included in the category of rock
mining commodity, as per Article 2 Paragraph (2) letter d of Government Regulation No.
23/2010 concerning the Implementation of Mineral and Coal Mining Business Activities. This
government regulation is a mandatory rule from Law No.4 of 2009 concerning Minerals and
Coal (Minerba). Law No.4 of 2009 has been amended by Law No.3 of 2020.

In mining and quarry transportation activities, PLN and contractors must pay attention to the
provisions of the Minerba Law which has been partially amended by the Job Creation Law.

PT. PLN (Persero) has a Cooperation Agreement with PT Indonesia Power Saguling Power
Generation and Operation & Maintenance Unit regarding land use and quarry of Gunung
Karang. The quarry is located in Karangsari Village, Cipongkor District, West Bandung
Regency and will serve for Purposes of Construction of PT PLN's UCPS hydropower plant
Central Java Development Main Unit I.

2.3.7 Borrowing and Use of Forest Areas Permit Legislation

The construction of the UCPS hydropower plant is in a forest area. Therefore, PLN is required
to have a land use permit based on the Ministry of Forestry Regulation Number:
P.16/Menhut-II/2014 concerning Guidelines for Borrowing and Using Forest Areas. PT PLN
(Persero) will act according to the Decree by the Head of the Investment Coordinating Board,
No.63/I/IPPKH /PMDN/ 016, concerning the borrowing and use of 409 hectares of forest
area for the construction of the UCPS hydropower plant in Limited Production Forest Areas
and Permanent Production in the Regencies of West Bandung and Cianjur, West Java.

The current status of forest lease-to-use (PPKH) with a land area of 155.89 hectares (ha) can
be used because it has obtained principle permits and dispensation permits, which are
currently in the process of fulfilling the requirements for issuing borrow-to-use permits.
Meanwhile, the Land Borrowing and Use of Forest Area (PPKH) compensation area of
161.5623 Ha, of the total 311.78 Ha (51.82 percent,) has been released. The handover of land
for compensation phase I, covering an area of 152.27 ha, is currently in the process of
application. Issuance of technical considerations for land compensation candidate phase II
from the West Java Provincial Forestry Service (Dishut Prov Jabar) has been completed. The
status of forest area swap (TMKH), with a land area of 229.36 ha, has obtained a principle
permit and is currently in the process of applying for a dispensation permit.

2.3.8 Legislation concerning Utilization of Water Resources

The construction of the UCPS hydropower plant is a development of electricity procurement
from water resources. According to the general explanation contained in the Law of the
Republic of Indonesia No.17 of 2019 concerning Water Resources, it is explained that one of
the uses of water resources can be made for businesses that use water as a medium or the
main element in their operations such as hydroelectric power.

                                                                                          28
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
The construction of the UCPS hydropower plant is a development of electricity procurement
from water resources. According to the general explanation contained in the Law of the
Republic of Indonesia No.17 of 2019 concerning Water Resources, it is explained that one of
the uses of water resources can be made for businesses that use water as a medium or the
main element in their operations such as hydroelectric power.

The construction of the UCPS hydropower plant, which uses water resources as the main
medium, has the potential to provide a source of energy as defined in Article 1 number 16
Law of the Republic of Indonesia No.17 of 2019 concerning Water Resources. The
development of the Cisokan Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Power Plant, aims to harness this
potential energy and provide benefits to human livelihoods. In utilizing this potential, PLN is
obliged to follow the regulations related to management of water resources (Chapter 5) and
Permitting on use of Water Resources (Chapter 6) of Law Number 17 of 2019 concerning
Water Resources.

Regarding the requirement for developing a water resources management plan, which
includes conservation, utilization and control of the potential water energy, PLN is obliged to
follow the requirements contained in Law of the Republic of Indonesia No.17 of 2019
concerning Water Resources for development of the UCPS hydropower plant.

In 2014, the Ministry of PUPR issued Ministerial Decree No. 619 / KPTS / M / 2014
concerning the granting of water resources utilization permits (SIPA) from the Cisokan River
to PT. PLN (Persero). The permit conditions state the following:

    1. The maximum abstraction of water for filling the reservoirs from the Cisokan River is
       6.21m3/s during four months of we season, measured at one measuring point using a
       volumetric measuring device.
    2. To ensure there is enough water for maintaining river ecological function, the Q95 of
       the reliable water flow (0.55m3/s) should be released at all times. (This is a minimum
       flow).
    3. In the dry season, if flow in the Cisokan River is less than 0.55m3/s, then PLN should
       release a minimum flow of 0.55m3/s for river ecosystem maintenance, by taking
       additional compensation water from the reservoir.
    4. In extreme climate conditions, the bottom outlet should be opened to fulfill additional
       irrigation water downstream, in accordance with the lowest realized irrigation water
       take requirements during the past 13 years which is 0.01m3/s as the result of water
       balance during extreme climate year.

2.3.9 Legislation concerning Extra High Voltage Transmission Lines

To distribute the electricity generated by the UCPS hydropower plant, a connection to the
Java-Bali transmission network is required. The proposed connection is a 500kV Extra High
Voltage Transmission Line. The network will comprise of two transmission lines, built to the
north of UCPS, which will be connected to the Cibinong-Saguling transmission line. The
length of the transmission lines will be 15.5 km and 15.9 km respectively, with 82 towers with
a minimum tower height of 30.5 m.

During the construction of the transmission lines, PT PLN (Persero), the Central Java
Development Main Unit 1, must follow the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources RI
Regulation No.2 of 2019 concerning Amendments to the Ministry of Energy and Mineral



                                                                                            29
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Resources Regulation No. High Voltage Transmission of Delivery for the Distribution of
Electric Power.

2.3.10 Endangered Wildlife and Biological Resources Protection

The following list of Indonesian environmental regulations specifically pertains to flora and
fauna. A full list of environmental regulations is presented in the ESMP.

    •   Indonesian Act Number 5, 1990 about Conservation of Natural Resources and
        Ecosystems.
    •   Indonesian Act Number 32, 2009 about Protection and Environmental Management.
    •   Indonesian Act Number 27, 1999 about Environmental Impact Assessment.
    •   Indonesian Act Number 13, 1999 about Animal Poaching
    •   Indonesian Act Number 7, 1999 about Preservation of Fauna and Flora.
    •   Indonesian Act Number 8, 1999 about Utilization of Plants and Wildlife.
    •   Presidential Regulation Number 23, 1990 About Environmental Impact Management
        Agency
    •   President Regulation Number 4, 1993 about National Flora and Fauna.
    •   West Java Provincial Regulation 2/2006 about management of protected areas

The Indonesian Act no. 5 of 1990 is of direct relevance to biodiversity conservation in the UCPS
area concerning legally protected species. Article 21 of the Act states that:

I. Each person is forbidden to:

        a) take, cut, possess; damage; destroy; take care of; or trade protected flora or its parts,
        alive or dead
        b) export protected flora or its parts, alive or dead from any places in Indonesia

2. Each person is forbidden to:

        a) catch, wound, kill, store, possess, and trade protected fauna alive
        b) store, possess, care of, and trade dead protected fauna
        c) export protected fauna from any places in Indonesia
        d) trade, store or possess skin, body or any other part of protected fauna or things
        made from part of fauna
        e) take, damage, destroy, trade, store or possess eggs and/or nests of protected fauna

Act Number 7 of 1999 clarifies which species are protected, with the fauna and flora sections
above indicating which species are concerned in Cisokan.

2.3.13 Legislations for the Protection of Children, Women and People with
Disabilities

During construction of the UCPS hydropower plant, PLN must address the rights of the
community, especially women, children and people with disabilities. PLN is obliged to pay
attention to and comply with existing laws and regulations as a form of prevention of impacts
that may disproportionately impact women, children and people with disabilities, both at the
central and regional levels. The laws and regulations that must be adhered to are as follows:

        a. Law Number 23 of 2003 concerning Child Protection;


                                                                                                 30
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
        b. Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002
           concerning Child Protection;
        c. Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities;
        d. Government Regulation Number 65 of 2015 concerning Guidelines for Diversion
           Implementation and Handling of Children Not Aged 12 Years Old;
        e. Regent Regulation Number 84 of 2018 concerning Amendments to Perbup No. 2
           of 2018 concerning the Establishment of the UPTD in the Cianjur Regency
           Government Its existence is based on the work area in the nearest sub-district;
        f. Cianjur Regency Regional Regulation Number 6 of 2015 concerning
           Implementation of Child Protection;
        g. Cianjur Regency Regional Regulation No. 3 of 2010 concerning the Eradication of
           Trafficking in Persons;
        h. Cianjur Regency Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2020 concerning the Prevention
           and Handling of Deviant Sexual Behaviors;
        i. Cianjur Regent Regulation Number 84 of 2019 concerning Duties, Functions and
           Work Procedures of Regional Technical Implementing Units in the Field of
           Population Control, Women Empowerment and Child Protection at the Office of
           Population Control, Family Planning, Women's Empowerment and Child
           Protection in Cianjur Regency.

2.3.11 Gender and Gender Based Violence

The World Bank Group’s Gender Strategy (FY16-23), and companion EEX (Energy and
Extractives) Gender Note act as guidance frameworks to emphasize four objectives:

        a.   improving human endowments;
        b.   removing employment constraints;
        c.   removing barriers to women’s ownership and control over assets; and
        d.   empowering women’s voice and agency.

The WB Gender Strategy aligns well with Indonesia’s commitment to gender equality and
women’s empowerment. More details of the GoI’s gender milestones can be found in Table 9.

        a. International: Indonesia has ratified the UN Convention on the Elimination of All
           Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) (1979) and is committed to the
           Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (1995), both of which provide
           guidance on eliminating obstacles for women to fully participate in social,
           economic and political life. Indonesia has issued a Presidential Decree (no 57/2017)
           as the legal basis for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals
           (SDGs), which includes a specific goal on gender equality and women’s
           empowerment (SDG number 5). Indonesia’s global commitments to UN Women
           include a focus on increasing the participation and representation of women in
           decision-making processes, reducing maternal mortality by improving access to
           reproductive health services, and eliminating all forms of violence against women.
           In 2015, Indonesia committed to the G20 Development Commitments, which
           included a pledge to reduce the gender gap in labor force participation by 25
           percent by 2025.
        b. National Level: Indonesia has adopted a policy and institutional framework that
           promotes women’s rights. The Indonesian Constitution gives equal rights to men
           and women and several national laws and regulations support this. Indonesia was
           one of the first countries in the South East Asian region to establish a separate

                                                                                            31
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
           Ministry for the Role of Women. The Government has also passed several laws and
           regulations to protect women and children from violence, increase the number of
           women in politics, and promote gender mainstreaming in planning and
           budgeting, which is central to the Government’s gender equality efforts. More
           recently, the Indonesian Government committed to improving gender equality in
           RPJMN 2020-2024, which includes targets on access to education, employment,
           health, and representation in politics. However, the implementation of these laws
           and targets is often hindered by several factors, such as limited institutional
           capacity and the lack of clear mandate and implementation strategies. The
           Government of Indonesia does not currently have any overarching strategies on
           improving gender equality, although targets related to gender are included in the
           Medium-Term Development Plan, 2020-2025.
        c. Local government level: relevant laws include West Java Provincial Regulation
           Number 5 of 2006 concerning Child Protection; West Java Provincial Regulation
           Number 3 of 2008 concerning the Prevention and Management of Victims of
           Trafficking in Persons; and Governor Regulation Number 3 of 2014 concerning the
           implementation of the minimum service standard (SPM) in integrated services for
           victims of trafficking in persons and violence against women and children. For
           government policies at the district/ city level, namely Cianjur Regency and KBB,
           as the local government for the location of the UPCS Hydropower construction, no
           policy specifically addresses violence mitigation against women and children.
           However, policies that support efforts to prevent acts of violence against women
           and children or GBVs are already in place, including Cianjur Regency Regulation
           No. 3 of 2010 concerning Combating Trafficking in Persons; Cianjur Regency
           Regional Regulation No. 6 of 2015 concerning Implementation of Child Protection;
           Cianjur Regency Regulation No. 84 of 2019 concerning the Duties, Functions and
           Work Procedures of Regional Technical Implementation Units for Population
           Control, Women Empowerment and Child Protection in the Office of Population
           Control, Family Planning, Women's Empowerment and Child Protection in
           Cianjur Regency. The new KBB has West Bandung Regency Regulation No. 1 of
           2016 concerning the Integrated Service Center for the Empowerment of Women
           and Children (P2TP2A) of West Bandung Regency.

Table 9. Key Gender Milestones by Government of Indonesia

 Year     Government Key Gender Milestones
 2000     Gender mainstreaming
          President Abdurrahman Wahid issued Presidential Instruction No. 9 of 2000 on Gender
          Mainstreaming in National Development (“Inpres No. 9/2000”) that instructs all government
          agencies, at national, sub-national and local levels, to mainstream gender in all policies and programs
          throughout its planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.
 2008     Guidelines for gender mainstreaming
          The Minister of Home Affairs Regulation No. 15 of 2008, which later changed to The Minister of Home
          Affairs Regulation No. 67 of 2011, concerning Gender Mainstreaming in the Region, provides
          guidelines for sub-national and local governments concerning integrating gender in their policy
          strategy and development programs. This regulation shows commitment of the national government
          to mainstreaming gender at local levels. At the same time, it provides opportunities for optimum
          participation of all stakeholders in development programs. This regulation also mandates all local
          governments to develop an Action Plan on Gender Mainstreaming at Local or Regional levels
          (Rencana Aksi Daerah Pengarusutamaan Gender).
 2008     Gender safeguarding
          The Minister Women Empowerment and Child Protection Regulation No. 2 of 2008, concerning
          Guideline of the Implementation of Women’s Protection, encourages the integration of gender

                                                                                                               32
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
          safeguarding into all activities of government agencies, NGOs/CSOs and universities, including
          planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, reporting, budgeting, mentoring and
          supervision. The strategy of implementation of gender safeguarding is through Gender Focal Point
          or Pengarusutamaan Gender (“PUG”).
 2009     Disaggregated data
          The Minister Women Empowerment and Child Protection Regulation No. 6 of 2009, concerning
          Disaggregated Data by Gender and Age, should be collected, analysed and used as part of the strategy
          to integrate gender in planning, budgeting, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policy and
          development program.
 2012     Gender responsive planning and budgeting
          Four ministers signed a Circular Letter about National Strategy to Accelerate Gender Mainstreaming
          through Gender Responsive Planning and Budgeting. The four ministers included National
          Development Planning Agency (“Bappenas”), Ministry of Finance (“MoF”), Ministry of Home Affairs
          (“MoHA”) and MoWECP. The national strategy encouraged national, sub-national and local
          governments to implement Gender Responsive Planning and Budgeting (“GRPB”). The GRP B also
          needs to align with the national development plan to support good governance practice and
          sustainable development as per the SDGs.



2.3.12 Legislation Related to Corporate Social Responsibility

The Cisokan hydropower project has implications for the surrounding environment. The
surrounding environment expects social and environmental responsibility from PT PLN
(Persero) Central Java Development Main Unit 1. Article 74 of Law No.40 of 2007, concerning
Limited Liability Companies, regulates the obligation to carry out corporate social and
environmental responsibility for a limited liability company whose business activities are
managing natural resources and companies whose business activities are related to natural
resources. This obligation is the company's commitment to participate in sustainable
economic development in order to improve the quality of life and the environment that is
beneficial, both for the company itself, the local community, and society in general.


2.4 International Commitments
International provisions relating to Labor and Working Conditions are as follows:

1. ILO fundamental conventions which have been ratified by the Government of Indonesia as
follows:

        a. Freedom of Association and Protection of the Rights to organize Convention, 1948
           (No.87)
        b. Right to Organize and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No.98)
        c. Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No.29)
        d. Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No.105)
        e. Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No.138)
        f. Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No.182)
        g. Equal Remuneration Convention, 1952 (No.100)
        h. Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No.111)

2. The Convention on The Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women was
ratified through Law Number 7 of 1984 concerning Ratification of the Convention on the
Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women



                                                                                                            33
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
3. Article 7, International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights, explains that
States Party to this Covenant recognize the right of everyone to enjoy just and favorable
working conditions, and in particular guarantee:

        a. the pay that gives all workers, at the minimum:
                   1. fair wages and remuneration that corresponds to work that is equal
                       without discrimination of any kind, especially for women who must be
                       guaranteed working conditions that are not lower than those enjoyed
                       by men with the same wages for the same work;
                   2. a decent life for themselves and their families, in accordance with the
                       provisions of this Covenant;
        b. safe and healthy working conditions;
        c. equal opportunities for everyone to be promoted to a higher level, without being
           based on any considerations other than seniority and ability;
        d. rest, reasonable working hours, and periodic holidays with pay or other benefits
           on public holidays.

United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change, which has been ratified through
Law Number 6 of 1994 concerning Ratification of the United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol to The United Nations Frameworks Convention
on Climate Change which Indonesia, has ratified through Law Number 17 of 2004 concerning
Ratification of the Kyoto Protocol to The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change).

In 2015, the 21st Session of The Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change/ COP 21 UNFCCC was held in Paris. This conference
successfully adopted the Paris Agreement to the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change. This Paris Agreement contains provisions regarding a nationally determined
contribution (NDC) which is expected to be implemented in 2020.

Indonesia, through the President of the Republic of Indonesia, Joko Widodo, stated that the
Paris Agreement must reflect balance, justice and be in accordance with national priorities
and capabilities so that it needs to be binding, long-term and ambitious but not hinder the
development of developing countries like Indonesia. For this reason, Indonesia is committed
to reducing emissions by 29% under any effort or business as usual (BAU) by 2030 which can
be increased to 41% with international cooperation.

Based on this statement, Indonesia has drafted a Draft Law on Ratification of the Paris
Agreement to The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

International provisions related to Community Health and Safety are as follows:

a. Protocol of 2002 to the Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981

b. Labor Standards Number 155, Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981, ratified
through Presidential Regulation Number 34 of 2014 concerning Ratification of Convention
Concerning the Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health/Convention
187, 2006.

c. Article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights was ratified
through Law Number 11 of 2005 concerning Ratification of the International Covenant on
Economic Social and Cultural Rights which explains that:
                                                                                            34
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
        1. The State Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to the
        enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health

        2. The steps which the State Parties to the present Covenant will take to achieve the
        full realization of this right shall include those necessary to bring about:

                (a) provisions for the reduction of the stillbirth and mortality rates of children
                and the healthy development of children;

                (b) improvement of all aspects of environmental and industrial health;

                (c) prevention, treatment and control of all infectious, endemic and other
                occupational diseases;

                (d) the creation of conditions which will warrant all medical care and attention
                in the event of a person's illness;

Land acquisition for inundation, access roads, and transmission sites must abide by
international provisions related to Land Acquisition, Restriction on Land Use and Involuntary
Resettlement, one of which is Article 11 paragraph 1, the International Covenant on Economic
Social and Cultural Rights is ratified by law Number 11 of 2005, concerning Ratification of the
International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights. The law highlights that States
Party to this Covenant recognize the right of everyone to an adequate standard of living for
him and his family, including food, clothing and housing, and for the continuous
improvement of living conditions. Party States will take appropriate steps to ensure the
realization of this right, recognizing the importance of international cooperation based on
voluntary agreements.

Indonesia has ratified the International Provisions related to the Convention on Biological
Diversity with Law Number 5 of 1994, concerning the Ratification of the United Nations
Convention on Biological Diversity and the ratification of the Biosafety Convention with Law
Number 21 of 2004 concerning Ratification of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to The
Convention on Biological Diversity (Biological Security of the Convention on Biodiversity).

Indonesia is also signatory to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous
Peoples (UNDRIP).

The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights was ratified through
Law Number 11 of 2005 concerning Ratification of the International Covenant on Economic
Social and Cultural Rights.

International provisions related to Cultural Heritage are as follows:

Article 15 of the International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights was ratified
through Law Number 11 of 2005 concerning Ratification of the International Covenant on
Economic Social and Cultural Rights which explains that:

1. The States party to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone:

        a. to participate in cultural life;

        b. to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its application;

                                                                                               35
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
        c. to benefit from the protection of moral and material interests arising from the
        scientific, literary or artistic works which they have created.

2. The steps which States party to the present Covenant shall take to achieve the full realization
of this right shall also include the steps necessary to preserve, develop and disseminate science
and culture.

3. The States party to the present Covenant are committed to respect the freedom necessary
for scientific research and creative activity.

4. The States party to the present Covenant recognize the benefits to be reaped from the
promotion and development of international relations and cooperation in the field of science
and culture.




                                                                                               36
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
CHAPTER 3. WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL
  FRAMEWORK (ESF)

3.1 ESS-1 Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social
    Risks and Impact
Environmental and Social Standards 1 explains the responsibilities related to the assessment,
management, monitoring of environmental and social risks, and impacts associated with each
project supported by the World Bank through Investment Project Financing (IPF. The aim of
which is to achieve consistent environmental and social results, in line with Environmental
and Social Standards (ESS).


3.2 ESS-2 Labor and Working Conditions
Environmental and Social Standards 2, outlines the procedure of supporting good relations
between workers and management. For example, the absence of discrimination and equal
opportunities in project provision; protection or restrictions on elderly workers, female
workers, those with disabilities, children (working age that must comply with ESS standards),
migrant workers, and contract workers; a labor grievance mechanism and other issues related
to wages and working conditions.

The Social and Community Management Plan, the ESMP and the C-ESMP contain the control
measures for labor and working condition risks. The project has developed a Labor
Management Procedure (LMP) as part of the Social and Community Management Plan which
sets out the Project’s approach to meeting national requirements as well as the World Bank’s
Environmental and Social Framework, particularly ESS 2 on Labor and Working Conditions
and ESS 4 on Community Health and Safety.


3.3 ESS-3 Resource                Efficiency        and      Pollution        Prevention   and
    Management
Environmental and Social Standards 3 describes the requirements for dealing with efficiency
of resource use, as well as the prevention and management of pollution throughout the
project. This relates to water use during operation, construction materials use, construction
erosion and sediment control, hazardous substances and waste management, construction
emissions into air and net greenhouse gas emissions from the project (construction and
operation).


3.4 ESS-4 Community Health and Safety
Environmental and Social Standards 4 describes the standardization of health, safety and
security for the people affected by the project and the responsibilities of the project owners in
order to mitigate the risks or impacts that occur during the project, especially for vulnerable
communities. The risk-management strategy for the project includes the SCMP, which
includes protection from worker-related risks (GBV, diseases) and GBV Action Plan. COVID-
19 protocols are required in accordance with ESS4. PLN has prepared a Construction
Supervision and Quality Assurance Plan, an Instrument Plan, a preliminary Operational and
Maintenance Plan and a Broad Framework for Emergency Preparedness. These will be

                                                                                              37
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
further developed during project implementation. PLN will prepare a Reservoir Filling Plan
prior to inundation. The Contractor is required to prepare and implement a Health, Safety,
and Security Management Plan to manage occupational and community health and safety
under their responsibility.


3.5 ESS-5 Land Acquisition, Restrictions to Land Use and Involuntary
    Resettlement
Environmental and Social Standard 5 describes what must be carried out in relation to land
acquisition, restrictions on land use and resettlement. The requirements are including
eligibility classification, project design, compensation and benefits for affected persons,
community engagement (incl. ensure that women’s perspective s are obtained, and their
interests factored into all aspects of resettlement planning and implementation), grievance
mechanism, planning and implementation, physical-economical displacement, collaboration
with other responsible agencies or subnational jurisdictions, and technical and financial
assistance.ESS-6 Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural
Resources

Environmental and Social Standards 6 describes the standardization of the protection and
preservation of biodiversity and the sustainable management of living natural resources.
Protecting and conserving biodiversity, as well as managing living natural resources are
fundamental to sustainable development and recognize the importance of maintaining the
ecological functions that are at the core of habitats, including forests, and the biodiversity they
support. The Biodiversity Management Plan provides a detailed program of activities to
achieve net gain of biodiversity values, as per the requirements of ESS6.

Environmental and Social Standards 6 also describes the management of primary production
areas and the sustainable harvesting of living natural resources, recognizing the need to
consider the livelihoods of project affected parties, including indigenous people. The Forest
Partnership Framework allows for the use of forest resources while protecting the biodiversity
values.


3.6 ESS-7: Indigenous Peoples, Historically Underserved, Traditional
    Local Communities
ESS7 ensures that the development process fosters full respect for the human rights,
aspirations, identity, culture, and natural resource-based livelihoods of Indigenous Peoples,
Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities. ESS7 also highlights avoiding
adverse impacts of projects on these populations or, when avoidance is not possible,
minimizing, mitigating and/or compensating for such impacts. This ESS applies to distinct
social and cultural groups identified in paragraphs 8 and 9 of the ESS.

ESS7 was not triggered for the project. There are no indigenous people living in the project
area based on the detailed census conducted. Most of the people in the project area are
Sundanese, the dominant ethnic group in West Java, who speak the national language. The
investigations carried out as part of the Environmental Assessment did not identify cultural,
social or political institutions that are separate from those of the dominant society and culture.

3.7 ESS-8 Cultural Heritage

                                                                                                38
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Environmental and Social Standards 8 describes the steps that must be taken in order to
protect cultural heritage that may be affected during the project. The UCPS project has a
Cultural Heritage Management Plan, presented in the ESMP, that identifies both tangible and
intangible cultural heritage to be protected, protocols for removing cultural heritage items
that cannot be protected, and procedures for sites / artifacts / remains that are found by
chance during construction.


3.7 ESS-10 Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure
Environmental and Social Standards 10 explains the importance of open and transparent
engagement between stakeholders and PLN as project stakeholders. Information disclosure is
an essential element of good practice. Effective stakeholder engagement can enhance the
environmental and social sustainability of a project, increase project acceptance, and make a
significant contribution to successful project design and implementation.


3.8 Gap analysis of Indonesian laws and regulations verses ESS
An assessment of Indonesian laws and regulations and the World Bank Environmental and
Social Standards indicates gaps and the gap filling measures undertaken (Table 10).

Table 10. Assessment of the relevant laws and regulations in Indonesia against the requirements of
the World Bank’s Environmental and Social Standards (ESSs)

 ESS Topics               Gap Analysis                                             Gap Filling Measures undertaken

 ESS1 Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts.
 Generally, the relevant laws and regulations in Indonesia on the environmental and social risks and
 impacts assessment are aligned with the World Bank’s ESSs. Identified gaps sh ould be addressed directly
 in the project-level planning and implementation processes.

 Environmental and        Under the GoI regulation, the AMDAL, UKL-                ESIA for the UCPS follows the
 Social Assessment        UPL and/or SPPL is based on threshold values             World Bank ESS1 requirements
                          while the Bank requirements are based on                 which contributes to
                          magnitude of impacts. The AMDAL/UKL-UPL                  complementing the AMDAL for
                          do not usually or do not assess in detail:               the project.
                          cumulative impacts, associated facilities, critical
                          habitats and project alternatives.

 Reference to legal       The AMDAL, UKL-UPL and/or SPPL usually                   International treaties covered
 and administrative       provides limited references to legal and                 under UCPS ESIA.
 framework such as        administrative framework such as international
 international            environmental treaties, agreement, international
 environmental            standard policies etc. (e.g., the current regulation
 treaties, agreements,    only refers to “other data and information”).
 standard policies etc.

 Project Area of          Under the GoI regulation, the AMDAL, UKL-                Project area of influence applies
 Influence                UPL and/or SPPL is not required or limited to            to ESS1 requirements and
                          assessing associated facilities, ancillary facilities,   covered under UCPS ESIA.
                          induced impacts and site selection analysis.

 Environmental and        The RKL-RPL or UKL-UPL usually has limited               Grievance mechanism is outlined
 Social Management        arrangement for handling of grievances, costs            under UCPS SCMP while budget
 and Monitoring Plan      estimate for implementation of the                       schedule and capacity building is
 (ESMP)                   environmental and social management plan                 addressed under UCPS ESMP.
 implementation

                                                                                                                       39
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
 Capacity               The RKL-RPL or UKL-UPL usually has limited        Covered under UCPS ESMP that
 Development and        arrangement for capacity development and          includes a TOR for Contractor
 Training provisions    training for implementing the environmental and   ESMP.
 under the ESMP         social management plan, for which the
 document               contractors may have limited understanding on
                        the requirements for implementing the
                        environmental and social management plan

 ESS2 Labor and Working Conditions.
 Indonesia has ratified all core conventions of ILO labor and working conditions. No major gaps are
 identified between Indonesian laws and regulations with the requirements of the ESS2.

 Grievance              The national regulations provide avenues to       Labor management and
 mechanism              resolve work-related issues. However, workers     grievance mechanism covered
                        may not feel comfortable resolving such issues    under UCPS SCMP and TOR for
                        through deliberation and agreement and taking     Contractor ESMP covered under
                        cases further to legal mechanism may even         the UCPS ESMP.
                        discourage them to submit their concerns.

 Occupational Health    The assessment and mitigation of occupational     Assessment of occupational
 and Safety             health and safety is not covered by the AMDAL     health and safety risks and
                        process and is treated separately under labor     mitigation measures covered
                        laws.                                             under the UCPS ESIA and ESMP,
                                                                          including TOR for Contractor
                                                                          ESMP.

 ESS3 Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management.
 The Government’s environmental laws and regulations on pollution prevention and management are
 comprehensive, covering airshed management and emissions standards, management of hazardous and
 non-hazardous wastes, and water quality effluent discharge standards. These regulations consider ambient
 conditions, and through the engineering designs and ESIA, pollution prevention measures are sought and
 built into the project. Key gap is on estimating Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions.

 Estimation of GHG      Requirements for estimating GHG emissions for     Estimation of GHG emissions
 emissions              hydropower projects not specifically covered by   will be prepared for the UCPS.
                        Indonesian legislation system.

 ESS4 Community and Health Safety
 Potential risks and impacts, as well as the mitigation measures to the community health and safety, are
 assessed in the AMDAL process and covered in the environmental documents (AMDAL/UKL-UPL/SPPL).
 No major gaps are identified in the relevant laws and regulations.

 Infrastructure and     There is no clear requirement under national      UCPS will engage independent
 equipment design       regulations to involve independent expert(s) to   panel expert(s) as appropriate to
 and safety             review high-risks structural designs,             review the proposed technical
                        construction, operation, and decommissioning.     designs as early as possible,
                                                                          monitor the project during and
                                                                          upon completion of construction,
                                                                          prior to and after commissioning.

 Security personnel     Involvement of security personnel is arranged     Reservoir security and
                        only for national vital objects.                  management of community
                                                                          safety is covered under the UCPS
                                                                          ESIA and ESMP (TOR for
                                                                          Contractor ESMP)

 Community              No major gaps are identified.                     Community health risks are
 exposure to health                                                       covered under the UCPS ESIA
 issues                                                                   and ESMP.

 ESS 5 Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Settlement.

                                                                                                           40
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
 Applicable laws and regulations in Indonesia have covered the main topics of the ESS5. However, some
 gaps are identified in terms of compensations for squatters, livelihoods restoration and indirect impacts
 related to land acquisition.

 Sustainable             Different modes of compensation other than          Livelihood restoration and
 development             cash, particularly relocation and land-for-land,    sustainable development are
 program                 are not sufficiently elaborated, particularly on    covered under the UCPS LARAP
                         aspects related to livelihoods restoration          and SCMP.
                         measures.

 Direct and indirect     Adverse social and economic impacts due to          Potential for access restriction is
 impacts                 restrictions of access and land use are not         covered under UCPS ESIA and
                         explicitly covered under the Law 2/2012.            FPF.

 Associated facilities   Not covered.                                        Legacy issues of associated
 and legacy issues                                                           facilities which were acquired
                                                                             under Indonesian law will be
                                                                             assessed against the provision of
                                                                             ESS5.

 Replacement costs       No gaps. The Independent appraisal team             Replacement cost covered under
                         determines compensation for loss of physical and    the UCPS LARAP.
                         non-physical assets and premium/solatium (for
                         emotional attachment) at replacement costs.

 Livelihoods             Law No. 2/2012 and its implementing                 Livelihood restoration and
 restoration             regulations do not elaborate on the options and     sustainable development are
                         implementation of assistance and livelihood         covered under the UCPS LARAP
                         restoration.                                        and SCMP.

 Assistance to           Assistance to displaced households due to land      Assistance to physically
 physically displaced    acquisition are not covered by Law No. 2/2012       displaced parties covered under
 households              and its implementation regulations (Perpres No.     the UCPS LARAP.
                         71/2012).

 Compensation for        Legal provisions are deficient to recognize         Compensation for loss of income
 loss of income          entitlements for loss of incomes and means of       sources covered under UCPS
 sources or means of     livelihood due to land acquisition.                 LARAP.
 livelihood

 Support for affected    Perpres No. 62/2018 requires provision of           Eligibility criteria and
 persons who have        compensation and assistance for those who do        entitlement for each category of
 no recognizable         not own the land but have occupied or utilized      project-affected persons (PAPs) is
 legal right or claim    the land with a set of criteria.                    covered under UCPS LARAP.
 to the land they are
 occupying

 Land for land           Law 2/2012 and Implementation Regulations           Provisions covered under UCPS
                         (Perpres 71/2012) do not provide details on the     LARAP.
                         procedures for replacement land. Further, the
                         provision in Para 5, Article 77, and Para 4 of
                         Article 78 (Perpres 71/2012) are in contradiction
                         of Bank’s Policy 4.12 that requires completion of
                         relocation arrangements before affected
                         households are displaced.

 Compensation            The provision of replacement land is not            Compensation options covered
 options                 sufficiently elaborated.                            under UCPS LARAP.

 Forced eviction         Not explicitly covered.                             Forced eviction is avoided under
                                                                             UCPS.



                                                                                                                   41
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
                        Ownership rights to land and its associated
                        properties will be relinquished upon
                        compensation payments or court decisions.

 Land Acquisition       The scope of the Land Acquisition Plan does not      Resettlement arrangements
 and Resettlement       clearly include identification of vulnerable         covered under UCPS LARAP.
 Planning               groups, public consultation and participation,
 Instruments            and monitoring and evaluation requirements.
                        Further, the Plan does not include relocation
                        assistance and livelihood restoration, where
                        necessary.
                        The Land Acquisition Plan does not fully cover
                        elements and details of those in the LARAP.
                        Timing of the preparation of the Land
                        Acquisition Plan with results of inventory of
                        affected land plots should be advanced to the
                        planning stage.

 Costing                Although the Law No. 2/2012 requires land            Overall land acquisition costs,
                        acquisition plans to include estimated costs for     including livelihoods assistance,
                        land acquisition and/or resettlement, it does not    established as part of land
                        include the costs for providing assistance and       acquisition planning will be
                        livelihood restorations.                             financed by PT. PLN.

 Disclosure and         Law No. 2/2012 and implementation regulations        Disclosure of information and
 engagement             require dissemination of information on affected     engagement of landowners are
                        land and other assets, and applicable                covered by UCPS LARAP
                        compensation amounts to affected households.         process.
                        Public announcement of inventory results is
                        required at the ward/village government offices,
                                                                             Relevant project documents will
                        sub-district offices and at the place where land
                                                                             be disclosed and continue to be
                        acquisition is conducted. However, such
                                                                             consulted to the public in a
                        disclosures are often available at specific venues
                                                                             suitable form to meet Bank’s
                        that may not be accessible to a wider audience.
                                                                             disclosure requirements.
                                                                             Community engagement will
                                                                             form part of project
                                                                             implementation.

 Grievance              Provisions of the Law No. 2/2012 and                 Grievance mechanism covered
 Mechanism              implementation regulations (Perpres 71/2012)         under UCPS SCMP.
                        have elaborate and time-bound procedures for
                        filing complaints by affected households and
                        processes to address complaints and grievances.
                        However, it does not explicitly require due
                        documentation of grievances.

 Monitoring and         Law No. 2/2012 does not provide for external         Monitoring of LARAP
 Evaluation             monitoring of resettlement implementation and        implementation is conducted and
                        post-implementation evaluation to assess             reported.
                        whether the objectives of the resettlement plan
                        have been achieved. Furthermore, it is deficient
                        in providing details on objectives of evaluation.

 ESS 6 Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Resources.
 Government regulations on forestry and biodiversity conservation, in general, support ESS6 for protecting
 biodiversity. The main gap is that existing regulations do not recognize the requirements for assessing
 project impacts on natural and critical habitats.




                                                                                                               42
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
 Classification,        The regulations do not mention specifically about      Classification, criteria for
 criteria for           protection of natural and critical habitats as per     significant conversion (loss) and
 significant            ESS 6.                                                 degradation of Critical and
 conversion (loss)                                                             Natural Habitats covered under
 and degradation of                                                            UCPS BMP.
 Critical and Natural
 Habitats

 ESS 7 Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Undeserved Traditional Local Communities.
 One key gap between ESS7 and relevant Indonesian laws and regulations is the requirement for the formal
 recognition of IP communities as an eligibility criterion to be treated as IPs. ESS7 is not triggered by the
 UCPS.

 ESS 8 Cultural Heritage.
 No major gaps are identified. Government regulation on the protection and preservation of cultural
 heritage objects is available.

 Intangible cultural     Preservation of intangible cultural heritage is not   Intangible cultural heritage, such
 heritage                specifically regulated in the Indonesian              as local rituals and at the Cihea
                         legislation.                                          irrigation area is assessed under
                                                                               the UCPS ESIA and ESMP.

 ESS 10 Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure.
 Relevant laws and regulations of Indonesia have covered the requirements of the ESS 10.

 Engagement with        SEP is not a mandatory document as per GoI             Arrangements for stakeholder
 stakeholders;          regulation.                                            engagement, grievance
 information                                                                   mechanism and consultations are
 disclosure;                                                                   covered under UCPS SCMP and
 Grievance Redress                                                             BMP as part of the UCPS ESMP.
 Mechanism




                                                                                                                   43
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
CHAPTER 4.              DESCRIPTION OF UCPS HYDROPOWER PLANT
In the UCPS hydropower plant project, the stakeholders are the central and local
governments, affected communities and companies, project owners, and project
implementers. The involvement of stakeholders with PLN has been transparent for over 10
years. PLN has followed ESS10 to date and will continue to do so under the Social and
Community Management Plan, which has equivalence to the Stakeholder Engagement Plan
required by ESS10.


4.1 Introduction and Background
The Project is located in the upper basin of the Cisokan River, it is one of the main tributaries
of the Citarum River which flows and empties into the Cirata Reservoir, in West Java Province
West Bandung and Cianjur Regencies, as shown in Figure 15.

The Cisokan River was identified as a suitable area for Pumped Storage hydropower plant in
1985. A feasibility study was carried out in 1993-1995, followed by an impact and
environmental analysis in 1998. The project was, however, discontinued when the Indonesian
economy was affected by the wider Asian economic crisis and the level of electricity demand
had reduced. In 2007, a detailed design was proposed, an updated environmental impact
assessment was submitted to the local government and an environmental ratification of the
ANDAL was approved for the UCPS hydropower plant. In 2011, an EIA and SIA study were
carried out as a requirement for funding from the World Bank.

Work on the detailed engineering design was undertaken between 1999 and 2002, followed
by supplementary design engineering work in 2006 and 2007. From 2012 to 2013, the detailed
design was updated and bid documents were subsequently prepared for the main
construction works. During the period of detailed design and bid document preparation,
prequalification of bidders and the selection of the Contractor for Lot1a and Lot 1b, from 2012
to 2017, PLN retained a panel of experts in roller compacted concrete dam design, rock
mechanics, engineering geology, and hydraulic structures. The expert panel reviewed,
advised and signed off on key outputs. PLN also retained an additional panel of international
and Indonesian social and environmental experts, reviewed and provided advice for the
implementation of the ESMP and LARAP.

The construction of UCPS hydropower plant began with the construction of an access road to
the main construction project site. From 2012 to 2019, the land acquisition and resettlement
process for the new access road and the construction process were carried out. At the same
time, land acquisition, resettlement and upgrades to local roads were carried out. Land
acquisition and resettlement also occurred from 2012 – 2019 for the dam, reservoir, power
station infrastructure and transmission lines.

Since 2011, additional environmental studies and monitoring projects have been conducted.
UKL/UPL environmental and social data collection was conducted every semester from 2012-
2019, while studies of the Cisokan watershed and monitoring of social programs were
completed through an independent monitoring team (IMA) in 2013. Between 2013 and 2015
additional biodiversity studies were carried out for the purpose of identifying biodiversity
risks and preparing a biodiversity management plan. An integrated catchment management
plan was prepared in parallel. In 2019, a mapping study was conducted in the areas of West
Bandung and Cianjur Districts, as well as design reviews and updates on the structure of the
Upper and Lower Dam based on hydrological and geological reports on the latest conditions.
                                                                                              44
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
The main contractor was selected in 2016, but contract negotiations are continuing due to
changing circumstances with project progress. The transmission line contract has not yet been
prepared.

This chapter provides details of the design, general layout and key components, details
relating to the construction methodology, management and programming, as well as details
on how the pumped storage hydropower plant will be operated.


4.2 Location, Accessibility and Layout
The UCPS hydropower plant project is located between 107°11'.00"-107°29'.00" East and
6°55'.00"-7°00'.00" South. The UCPS hydropower plant is located in the Cirata River
catchment. The Saguling hydropower plant is in an adjacent watershed to UCPS, while the
Cirata hydropower plant is downstream of UCPS. The location of UCPS hydropower plant is
spatially presented in Figure 15.




Figure 15. UCPS Project Location, including access road (red), upper and lower dam (dark blue) and
transmission lines (orange).

Access to the UCPS Cisokan project site can be reached along two routes, namely:

   1.   Via Rajamandala

        a. Bandung/ Cianjur-Rajamandala Bandung to the Rajamandala T-junction with a
        distance of ± 40 Km, while from Cianjur it is 26 km. A national road, 4-wheeled vehicles
        can pass through the asphalt road.

        b. Rajamandala-Cipari T-junction (Cipari Village), via the Rajamandala-Cipongkor
        road or the entrance to the Saguling reservoir ± 35 Km, the asphalt road can be passed
        by 4-wheeled vehicles.

                                                                                               45
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
        c. Cipari T-junction-via the new access road to the project location ± 20 km.

   2.   Via Cililin-Cijenuk

        a. Bandung-Cipatik via Batu Jajar or via the Soroja toll road exit, via the Margaasih toll
        gate towards Cipatik Cianjur-Cibeber ± 20 Km, the asphalt road can be passed by 4-
        wheeled vehicles.

        b. Cipatik-Cililin Cibeber-Cibaregbeg ± 10 Km, asphalt roads can be passed by 4-
        wheeled vehicles.

        c. Cililin-Cijenuk-Cipari T junction

        d. Cipari T-junction-via the new access road to the project location ± 20 km

The project will include the construction of the upper dam and reservoir, lower reservoir and
dam, surge tank, penstock and tailrace tunnels, underground power plants, underground
power plants, terminals, access roads, administration buildings and transmission lines. The
PLN quarry (Gunung Karang) will be used as a source of rock and base material, while the
excavated waste material from the tunnel and power plant will be stored and stabilized in the
project area. Other sources of construction materials; iron, cement and fly ash obtained from
outside the city are transported to the location. The layout of the construction project
construction site is shown in Figure 16.




Figure 16 Location of UCPS Hydropower Plant Main Construction


4.3 Design, Size and Capacity
4.3.1 Main Features of Hydropower Plant

The main feature of the Upper Cisokan Hydro Power Plant project is a 75.5 m high dam built
on the Cirumamis River, with a watershed of 10.5 km 2 and a reservoir surface area of 80 ha,

                                                                                               46
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
when water level is at a maximum (see Figure B3, Figure B4, and Figure B8 in Appendix B).
The operational fluctuation between the highest and lowest water levels is 19 m. The upper
dam body will be constructed from Roller Compacted (RRC) type concrete.

A lower dam will be built on the Cisokan River, with a watershed of 374.0 km 2 and a reservoir
surface area of 260 ha at peak water level (see Figure B5, Figure B6, and Figure B8 in Appendix
B). The difference in water level during operation between the highest and lowest water levels
is 4.5 m. The gravity of the concrete on the lower dam body will be constructed with the Roller
Compacted Concrete (RRC) type.

The power plant, with a capacity of 1,040 MW (260 MW x 4 units) and a total pump capacity
of 1,100 MW, is placed in an underground power plant. Tunnels will connect the power plant
to the reservoir. A substation and administrative office will complement the hydropower
plant. The generation duration is 6.5 hours/ day and the pump duration at maximum input
is 8.5 hours/day.

Two x 16 km 500 kV transmission lines will connect the UCPS hydropower plant to the
Cibinong-Saguling network and the Tasik-Depok network. Some of the main power plant
structures are the head race, surge tank, underground power plant, penstock, tailrace tunnel
and switchyard, as well as road access and administrative buildings as important supporting
structures for the power plant. A PLN-owned andesite hill on Mount Karang, within 30 km
of the construction site, will be used as a source of rock, where the chunks of rock will be
crushed into gravel and sand as the basic material for making concrete. Waste material
excavated from tunnels and power plants will be placed in the disposal area and stabilized in
the project area.

During construction, the project will develop a temporary work area, a penstock
manufacturing and storage area, a batching plant (concrete processing area), a barracks/
basecamp, and an office building. Infrastructure such as electricity and camp construction,
fuel, drinking water and sanitation will be provided.

The main features of the UCPS hydropower plant scheme are listed in Table 11 and the general
layout plan of the scheme is shown in Figure 17. The temporary work process during the
construction period, including the dumpsite, workers’ barracks/basecamp and concrete
processing plant location is presented in Figure B7 Appendix B.

Table 11. Main Features of UCPS Hydropower Plant

 I. Generating Data                                      Description

 Installed Power Plant Capacity - (MW)                   1,040 (260 MW x 4 units)
 Average Cycle Capacity                                  1,030 (257.5 MW x 4 units)
 Maximum Input - Pump (MW)                               1,100 (275 MW x 4 units)
 Turbine Maximum Discharge (m3 / sec)                    108 per unit
 Maximum Gross Head (m)                                  301,5
 Minimum Gross Head (m)                                  278
 Loss Head, Generation (m)                               10
 Difference in water level - generator (m)               276
 Duration of Electric Power when maximum output          6.5
 (hours/day)
 Maximum pump duration when input (hours/day)            8.5
 II. Scale and Reservoir Hydrology                       Upper Reservoir              Lower Reservoir


                                                                                                        47
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
 River                                                         Cirumamis River             Cisokan River
 Watershed upstream of the dam (km2)                           10.5                        374.0
 Surface area of the reservoir when the water is high (km 2)   0.8                         2.6
 High water level (HWL) (m)                                    796.5                       499.5
 Low water level (LWL) (m)                                     777.5                       495.0
 Effective reservoir depth (m)                                 19.0                        4.5
 Active storage (m3)                                           13,470,000                  11,500,000
 Total volume (m3)                                             14,000,000                  63,000,000
 Average flow of incoming water from the river (m 3/sec)       0.4                         14.9
 Flood design (1/10.000) (m3/sec)                              230                         1,430
 III. Major Civil Construction

 1)         Dam                                                Upper Dam                   Lower Dam
            Type                                               Concrete Gravity (RRC)      Concrete Gravity (RRC)
                                                               75.5                        98.0
            Height (m)                                         375                         294
            Dam peak length (m)                                800.5                       503.0
            Dam peak elevation (m) MASL                        369,00                      508,000
            Dam Body Volume (m3)
 2)         Spillway                                           Upper dam                   Lower dam
            Tipe                                               Centre overflow             Centre overflow
            Normal Discharge capacity m3/sec)                  230                         1,220
            Gate Type                                          No Gate                     Radial gates
            Dimensions Height x Width (m)                      -                           13.5 x 10.0
            Amount                                             -                           2
 3)         Intake
            Type                                               Side Intake
            Gate                                               Steel wheeled type gate
            Amount                                             2
 4)         Circular Headrace Tunnel
            Length (m)                                         ±1,217 (No. 1), 1,158 (No. 2)
            Inner diameter (m)                                 7.4 circular section
            Amount                                             2
 5)         Surge tanks
            Type                                               Restricted orifice type with upper chamber
            Inner Diameter (m)                                 15.0
            Height (m)                                         78 m(No.1), 81 m(No.2)
            Amount                                             2
 6)         Penstock
            Planted Penstocks Steel Pipes                      Planting steel pipe
            Length (m)                                         475 ~ 529 (unit 1 = 475 m, 2 = 485 m, 3 = 517 m, 4 =
                                                               529 m
            Inner Diameter (m)                                 5.9 ~ 4.17 ~ 3.1
            Thickness (mm)                                     20 ~ 52
            Amount                                             2 (ID = 5.9 m), 4 (ID = 4.17 ~ 3.1m)
 7)         Underground Powerhouse
            Cave profil type                                   Bullet shape
            Height (m)                                         51.15
            Max Width (m)                                      26
            Length (m)                                         156.6


                                                                                                              48
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
 8)        Tailrace Tunnel (water channel)
           Length (m)                                    Estimate. 268m (No. 1), 241m (No.2),
                                                         211 m (No. 3), 186 m (No.4)
           Inner Diameter (m)                            5,2 m
           Amount                                        4
 9)        Outlet
             Type                                        Side Outlet
             Gate                                        Steel Wheeled-type gate
             amount                                      4
 IV. Electro-Mechanical Equipment

 1)        Turbine Pump
           Type                                          Vertically, one stage Francis Reversible type
           Rated Net Head/ Min Pump Head (m)             276 / 296
           Maximum Turbine Release/ Maximum Pump
           Release (m3/s)                                108 / 90
           Rated Out/ Turbine Shaft Output Max. Pump
           Input (MW)                                    269 / 275
           Rated Speed (rpm)                             300
           amount                                        4
 2)        Generator-Motor
           Type                                          Vertical Shaft, 3-Phase AC synchronous

           Rated Generator Output (MVA)                  300
           Motor Input (MW)                              275
           Rated Voltage (kV)                            18
           Rated Power Factor                            0.9 lagging
           Rated Frequency (Hz)                          50

           Rated Speed (rpm)                             300
           Number of Units                               4

 3)        Generator Transformer

           Type                                          3-Phase OFWF
           Rated Power (MVA) Rated Frequency (Hz)        300
           Rated Voltage                                 50
           LV Winding (kV)
           HV Winding (kV)                               18 (Generator Motor Voltage)
 4)        Switchyard                                    500

           Type                                          Outdoor (AIS) Breaker and Half ( 11 )
           Rated Voltage (kV) Number of Feeders          500
                                                         8
 V. Transmission Line
 1)        to Saguling – Cibinong

           Voltage                                       500 kV
           Length                                        16 km

 2)        to Tasik- Depok Line




                                                                                                         49
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
           Voltage                                       500 kV
           Length                                        16 km
 VI. Preparatory Work
 1)        Land Acquisition
           Upper Reservoir                               105 ha
           Lower Reservoir                               356 Ha
           Disposal Area                                 79 Ha
           Access Road:                                  -
           a) Existing road (6.7 km)                     -
           b) New road (27.4 m)                          107 ha
           Transmission lines (31 km)                    105 ha
           Base camp                                     -
 2)        Access Road
           Resettlement Area                             40 ha
           Existing Road                                 6.7 km long, 8 m wide
           New road                                      27.4 km long, 8 m wide
 3)        Base Camp

           Area of land                                  10 ha
           Area of building                              5000 m2
 4)        Distribution Line

           Length of lines                               35 km
           Voltage                                       20 kV
Source: (PLN Enjiniring/Nippon Koei/Newjec Inc./Indokoei International/Wiratman,
2019a)

4.3.2 Upper and Lower Dams and Reservoirs

The dam and reservoir designs and the temporary work areas such as barracks/ basecamp
and a number of concrete structures are shown in Figures in Appendix B.




Figure 17. Work System of UCPS Hydropower Plant

The two dams will be constructed using the roller-compacted concrete (RCC) method. The
dams have been designed according to the standards of the Japan National Committee on

                                                                                      50
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Large Dams (JAN-COLD). Both are designed to accommodate 1 in 10,000 years flood event
through the spillway, and are designed for a seismic zone rating of 4 for the area. Furthermore,
both structures will continue to work and be clean of sediment for 50 years despite erosion of
an average of 1.86mm/km2/year, caused by the water flow into and out of the two outlets.

4.3.2.1   Pre-construction work in rivers

Temporary river diversions will be carried out at each dam area to divert the flow around the
work area. When the dam has been built, and before water storage begins, the diversion of
the river will be stopped.

Pre-construction work on the upper dam will include diversion of the river to install the new
dam, as well as excavating cliffs and riverbanks prior to laying the foundation and
constructing the RCC structure. An open chute and box culvert (above ground) will be
constructed to carry diverted water around the construction area and back downstream. Rock
drills, bulldozers and excavators will be used to excavate dry river and riverbank material.

The pre-construction work on the lower dam will require more preparation due to the size of
the river and the persisting landslides at the dam site. On the riverbanks there are deep
deposits (more than 15m) of sand and large rocks. The material had piled up from the riverbed
and acted as a dam. Storage of this material is expected to cause difficulties during excavation
to create the temporary weir (Coffer dam) and the dam itself. For this reason, the designers
recommend demolishing large boulders prior to dam installation.

Due to the soft material on the riverbank and the amount of potential flow in the Cisokan
River, the engineers designed the initial temporary dam (Coffer dam) with excavated
materials to protect the main dam construction area. A diversion tunnel will be constructed
to divert the river downstream during the lower dam construction. The tunnels will be drilled,
not demolished, and concrete-lined. The river diversion channel in the lower dam will divert
water from above the upstream coffer dam to below the lower dam construction area (PLN
Enjiniring/Nippon Koei/Newjec Inc./Indokoei International/Wiratman, 2019a).

4.3.2.2   Dam construction

Dam construction will be carried out 24 hours a day, 7 days a week during the placement of
the RCC. In the RCC process, the concrete must be continuously shed and compacted to
minimize cooling at the joints. The RCC mixture will be transported to the dam from the
concrete plant by large trucks. Placement of RCC concrete can still be done during rain with
an intensity of <5 mm/day.

Concrete manufacturing activity with a capacity of 120 m3/day, with a storage warehouse
that can accommodate a load of 1,600 tons, is provided to meet operational needs for 24 hours.
The building will have a storage capacity of approximately 300 tons of cement and fly ash on
a working day, so that the warehouse has five days’ worth of storage time. The power plant
will be powered by a diesel generator.

Concrete production of 60m3/day is planned to meet the usual concrete mix that will be used
for other activities. A cement storage building with a capacity of 500 tons will be required. A
concrete mixer truck with a capacity of 6 m3 will carry the mortar to the site. Pre-construction
works of reservoir areas and rivers.



                                                                                             51
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Before being flooded, the reservoir area must be stabilized, and cleared of vegetation and
potential sources of pollution.

Clearing vegetation is done by cutting down trees and other plants using a chain-saws and
other heavy equipment. The communities will still have access to this cleared agricultural
products; remaining material will be buried and stabilized outside the flooded area.

Sources that cause water pollution (MCK channels, fuel storage, workshops, and fishponds)
will be repaired and graves will be relocated.

Slope stabilization is required in the two upper dam areas prior to inundation. This is
described in Section 4.4.3.

4.3.2.3   Preparation of the buffer area

Each reservoir has a green buffer or management area along the perimeter, approximately 5
m above the highest water level, that has been acquired by PLN and forms part of the project
footprint. This section will be revegetated to achieve three objectives: the establishment of
boundaries for the community to access to the reservoir area, habitat restoration and control
of habitat. This is particularly important in the upper reservoir or the upper weir which has a
water level fluctuation of ± 19 meters.

The vegetation will be restored with native species which can provide habitat for native fauna
and stabilize the soil to prevent erosion. Revegetation activities will start from the construction
stage and will continue through the operational stage in accordance with the BMP.

4.3.3 Tunnels and Power Plants

During the power generation process, water will be channeled from the upper reservoir
through the inlet, headrace tunnel and penstock pipe to the turbine in the underground
powerhouse. From the power plant, water will be channeled through a tunnel to an outlet in
the lower reservoir. These are collectively referred to ‘waterways’ along with surge tank in
the tunnel.

The power plant and transformer will be located underground, along with control rooms,
offices, warehouses, guard posts and parking lots. Access to the power plant will be via a
tunnel road. Two other tunnels are required for ventilation and wiring.

The waterway, underground power station tunnels, holes for the transformer and access
tunnels will be excavated using a combination of demolition, drilling and excavation. Work
will start from the bottom up. The excavated material will be taken from the portal for disposal
on the riverbank, as shown in Figure B3, Appendix B. To stabilize the rock, injection of cement
mortar (grouting) and rock bolt will be used. After the stabilization process, shotcrete or
concreting will be applied to strengthen the tunnels and holes formed. The penstock pipe will
be made of steel.

The concrete plant, with a capacity of 60 m3/day, will supply concrete for the waterway and
power plant construction.




                                                                                                52
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
4.3.4 Terminator Yard, Switchyard and Administration Building Cables

The terminator yard cable is approximately 4,080 m long at the entrance to the tunnel cable.
The switchyard length is 71,225 m. The above-ground administration building will consist of
the main administration building, switchyard control, dam control, workshop and garage,
guard house, prayer room, temporary project post and housing. See Figure B8 and Figure B9
(Appendix B) for construction sites and buildings.

Vegetation clearance and earthworks is required to provide a level area for these facilities.
Materials from excavation and from other work parts (such as tunneling and power stations)
will likely be used here as fill.

4.3.5 Transmission Network

Two 500 kV transmission lines will connect the Upper Cisokan Power Plant with the Java-Bali
Network on the Saguling-Cibinong network in the North (15.5 km and 15.9 km). The total
length of the new transmission lines is 31.4 km, and the 'free space' corridor is 34 m long. The
towers and corridors will require an area of approximately 100.38 ha consisting of agricultural
and plantation land. The connection locations on the grid have been selected, with detailed
modeling of the Java-Bali network, to maximize the efficiency of the Upper Cisokan Pump
Hydropower Plant and the limitations and redundancies of the existing transmission line
system. The 500 kV UCPS transmission line route is shown in Figure 18.

The first route stretches from Lembur Sawah Village, Sukaresmi Village, Rongga District,
West Bandung Regency to Sukadana Village, Haurwangi Village, Haurwangi District,
Cianjur Regency. There are 37 towers on the first line, which has a line length of 15.5 km. The
second route is from Lembur Sawah Village, Sukaresmi Village, Rongga District, West
Bandung Regency to Leuweung Kalong Village, Ramasari Village, Haurwangi District,
Cianjur Regency. The number of towers in the first line is 45 with a length of 15.9 km.
The total number of towers for the construction of the transmission lines is 82 towers and the
total land area is 105.26 ha. The land requirement for the free space corridor is approximately
100 ha (31.4 km long, 34 m wide). Land for the towers has been acquired and compensation
has been delivered to all but 1 landowner, who is living in another province. The Transmission
line LARAP 2011 identified lands to be affected by the Right of Way, but will need to be
reconfirmed. Based on Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation Number 27 of
2018, PLN, as the project owner, is obliged to pay compensation to holders of title to land,
buildings and/or the plants associated with land, buildings and/or plants that suffer a
reduction of economic value due to being crossed by an electric power transmission network,
whether in activities of construction of a new electric power transmission network, activities
of replacement or addition of new towers/poles, or expansion of the area/width of the right
of way and minimum horizontal and vertical axis safe distance corridors of existing networks.
The formula for calculation of the compensation is stipulated in this regulation. Compensation
must also be paid for damage to buildings and plants that occurs during the construction of
an electric power transmission network. Details of the location and number of towers on the
transmission line are presented in Table 12.




                                                                                             53
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 18. Transmission Line Route

Table 12. The number of power transmission 500 kV towers in each village. Source: (PLN, 2019a)

                                                    Number of         Number of       Number of
No Regency           Districts       Village
                                                    Towers Path 1     Towers Path 2   Towers Total
1    Bandung Barat   Rongga          Sukaresmi              4                 3             7

2    Cianjur         Bojong Picung   Sukarama               1                 7             8

                                     Kemang                 16                1            17

                                     Sukajaya               -                 2             2

                                     Jatisari               1                 3             4

                                     Cibarengkok            5                 5            10

                                     Sukaratu               11               11            22

                                     Neglasari              -                 2             2

                     Haurwangi       Sukatani               5                 -             5

                                     Ramasari               -                 3             3

                                     Haurwangi              2                 -             2

Total                                                       45               37            82


                                                                                                     54
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
4.3.5.1     Design

The transmission infrastructure has been designed according to national codes and standards
(PLN/Newjec Inc., 2007a). The steps below are to be implemented on a 500 kV transmission
line:

    •     Technical aspects (length of planned transmission network, topography, soil
          characteristics);
    •     Minimizes the length of the path;
    •     Avoid settlements, farms and structures whenever possible; and
    •     Environmental aspects - such as vegetation clearance requirements and watercourses.

82 new towers will be built along the two routes. The ideal location for each tower has been
determined through a land survey, based on topography, land use and access to the tower
location and location will be determined through negotiations with the landowner.

The new network will be linked to the existing substations on the grid. There will be no other
electricity infrastructure needed.

4.3.5.2     Transmission Line Construction

The tower construction stage on the transmission line begins with the mobilization of labor,
equipment and materials. Workforce mobilization includes implementers (craftsmen),
intermediary workers (supervisors, surveyors) and experts. The number and qualifications of
labor required will be adjusted to the needs of the job. All equipment and materials that will
be used for the construction of the tower will be transported by medium capacity truck, while
the conveying wire and wire hauling machines will be transported by trailer to the final
equipment storage area.

Construction materials such as sand, cement, coral, concrete and other materials for tower
construction will be transported by labor to the tower site. This was done because planning
the tower location was relatively difficult. The time needed to mobilize tools and materials in
the construction of 1 tower point is 1 day.

The stages of activities in tower enforcement work are as follows:

4.3.5.2.1    Excavation work and material transportation for the foundation

The land area required for the tower footprint varies depending on the type and height of the
tower, but in this case a uniformity is assumed, namely 25 x 25 m2. The foundation used is the
beam type (bearing & chimney). Each tower has four (4) legs where each foot is planted on on
its own foundation. The excavation dimensions will be adjusted to the dimensions of the
tower foot foundation. The dimensions of the foundation are determined by the results of soil
investigations and the type of tower used. The average excavation dimension is 2.65 x 2.65 m2
at a depth of ± 2 meters, thus the excavation volume will be around ± 56 m 3 per tower. Part of
the excavated soil is used for piling up the tower legs and the rest is used to fill the area around
the tower so that the lower surface of the tower is higher than the surrounding area. For
transmission tower foundations in certain locations where the soil bearing capacity is low,
pier foundation will be made by bore drill.




                                                                                                 55
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Prior to excavation work, the installation of bow boards for the four tower legs must be carried
out using theodolite. This is so that the tower is actually on the right center line, ensuring that
the excavation axis is in the right position, and the depth will be met.

The transportation of materials such as sand and gravel must be carried out immediately so
that after the excavation is complete, further work can commence with delay. The excavation
and material transportation work each took 1 day for every tower.

4.3.5.2.2   Repair work, scaffolding and stub setup

Iron work is a fabrication for each type of tower foundation, while scaffolding work is a
formwork. A stub is a piece of the lower leg of the tower that is planted in the foundation but
left a few centimeters for the purpose of installing the tower.

After all excavation work and the measurements including the depth are completed, the next
step is to make a working floor for each excavation, followed by ironing and installing the
formwork for the plinth, installing the stub, then ironing and installing the scaffolding in the
chimney. The excavated land is spread out for landfill work and the rest will be deposited
appropriately. The time required for cleaning, scaffolding and stub adjustment is 2 days for 1
tower point.

4.3.5.2.3   Foundation casting

Building the foundation is a very important job and determines the quality of the concrete, in
this case reinforced concrete, so that the foundation can handle both tensile and compressive
loads. This work takes 1 day for each tower point.

Preparatory work such as the availability of equipment: concrete mixers (mobile), water
pumps, gutters for casting, hoes, shovels and other aids for slump testing, cubes for sample
testing and others, are very important. To check stub position, theodolite must be available
during casting. All materials must be available in sufficient quantities, because the casting of
one part of the work must be carried out continuously until completion. When this
preparatory work is finished, the first thing to do is casting the bearings. When casting the
pad, the stub position must be maintained according to the tower type, both the level,
diagonal slope and the ½ diagonal distance of the flashlight tower are controlled using
theodolite and lot for the slope.

Casting is carried out continuously until the casting of the chimney is complete and the
foundation of the four legs of the tower is complete. The slump test is carried out every 1 time
mixing and 3 samples of test cubes are taken on the pad and chimney for each leg.

4.3.5.2.4   Hoarding work

After the concrete is aged for about 3 days (concrete mixture with additives), the scaffold, and
template/ span coupler can be opened. Then a final check is carried out on the slope, side to
side distance, diagonal distance, stub height, and the physical condition of the casting. If all
measurements have met the specified size, heaping of the tower legs can be done and
grounding can be installed. The time required for backfilling work for each tower point is 1
day.




                                                                                                56
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
4.3.5.2.5   Tower Installation Work

Before this work is carried out, the tower foundation must be at least 1 week old (concrete
mixture with additives) and the landfill work must be completed. Transport of tower
materials must also be completed, including the nuts and bolts.

Mobilization of personnel and equipment such as chain blocks, pulleys, scaffolding, straps,
hand/ machine winch pullers, saws, files, galvanized paint and others must have been
initiated. Tower materials placed in tower locations must be protected from contact with the
ground, avoiding possible galvanic damage and other preventive work. The tower material
used is high strength, hot dipped angle steel.

Tower installation is carried out in stages, segment by segment and foot by foot. First is the
leg (leg), then the body/ extension of the body, the standard body part, the body part for the
cross arm (lower, middle, upper and ground cables). The tower building process takes 20 days
for each point of the tower.

After the tower is standing, checking the tightness of the bolts, the nut, the position of the
bracing, the completeness of the bolts that are installed, the alignment of the tower is crucial.
Before the installation of the work is completed, the measurement of the resistance of the
tower legs is measured.

Grounding, in the form of galvanized wire, is planted around the tower with a distance of ± 1
m from the chimney and 2 feet high diagonally connected to the hole in the stub. If this ground
resistance exceeds 10 Ohm, then an additional second grounding ring must be installed until
the result is ≤ 10 Ohm.

4.3.5.2.6   Stringing

After the tower has been installed, the insulator is attached. After all towers have been
installed with insulators, the nylon rope is drawn through the ground that functions to pull
the conductor pulling cable. The pulling cable will be used to pull the conductor with the help
of cable pulling machines. Pulling the conductor (stringing) is the withdrawal/installation of
the conductor and grounding cable which includes sagging, clamping, jumper &
counterweight installation, vibration damper installation, and spacer damper. A double
circuit is planned with a vertical arrangement, installed on a double circuit tower.

The conductors to be used are Gannet type Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced (ACSR),
while the ground wire uses GSW (Galvanized Steel Wire) and OPGW (Optical Ground Wire).

The composition of the per-span-phase conductors is Quadruple bundle conductor (4 per-
phase conductors equipped with a spacer damper), while the stringing equipment consists of
the engine winch puller, tensioner, roll block, anti-twist pilot wire, steel wire / wire rope,
yoke, hydraulic cutter, compression. point machine, chain block, hand crane, nylon rope,
mobile crane, and practical speaking apparatus.

4.3.6 Access roads and temporary roads

A 27km long new access road has been built from the Cipari Intersection to the project site, in
addition to improvements to the existing 7 km of road from Mount Karang Quarry to Cipari
Intersection, providing access for heavy vehicles to and from the project area, hauling quarry
materials, mobilization of construction materials, and the movement workers and site visitors.

                                                                                              57
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
The road from Mount Karang to the upper and lower dam sites is shown in Figure 19. The
existing road from Mount Karang to Cipari Intersection in Cipari Village has been widened
and repaired along the road, with new asphalt and traffic safety features. The remaining
roads, from Cipari Village to the upper and lower dam sites, are entirely new roads.

Settlements and buildings are located within a few meters of the existing road. Along the track
there are three schools and a separate volleyball court that belongs to one of the schools. The
road is used by pedestrians, bikers, motorists and small trucks.




Figure 19. Map of access road, surrounding landscape and land cover, and villages

The new road has parallel width for safety and technical requirements based on detailed road
technical design (as much as 20 m which is the allowable slope but, in some areas, it can be
up to 40 m where steep slopes require more) (Figure 20). This route has been selected based
on the topography and existing land uses, in order to minimize social problems and
environmental disturbances wherever possible. This route passes through mixed forest and
agroforest areas and mostly avoids rice fields (Figure 19). Six bridge pylons have been built
along the track and are designed according to Indonesian road standard designs.

The roads have been designed to accommodate the following transportation construction
needs:

        • Civil engineering contractor movement;

        • Transportation of rock materials for the construction of the Dam-RCC and the
        manufacture of concrete, and;


                                                                                            58
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
        • The movement of electrical and mechanical contractors;

        • Access to personnel and inspection lines when the project is operational.




Figure 20. Access Road Conditions (May, 2020)

Small roads will be constructed along the working area, between the access road, concrete
plant, dam, tunnel, tunnel entrance and other working areas. Approximately 5,000 m of roads
will be constructed towards the upper dam area, and 16,000 m of roads in the upper and lower
dam areas. More than 6,000 m of temporary roads will be required during the drainage facility
construction. These roads are between 6 and 10 m wide and will continue from new access
roads.

Demolition will probably be required to access the left bank of the river from the lower dam.
Except for a small section of the road leading to the level tank area, these roads will not be
paved, but will be repaired using compacted excavated rock.


4.4 Infrastructure              Construction,            Programs           and       Manpower
    Management
4.4.1 Quarry

The quarry that already exists on Mount Karang will be used as the main source of basic
material for the construction of roads and dams. Previously the quarry was used for the
construction of the Saguling dam and was of a good volume and quality for the basic
construction materials (roller-compacted concrete, RCC). The estimate of the total demand for
materials from the rock is 2,710,000 tons or 3.69 million m3 (PLN/Newjec Inc., 2002).

The rock will be blasted and excavated from the surface, cleaned by bulldozers and diggers
and carried by large trucks. Large trucks will only transport rocks over short distances from
the quarry surface to the crusher. The crushing site, using the dry process with a capacity of
120 tons/ day, used for road construction materials, and 150 tons/ day for RCC concrete
construction for dam construction materials. Contractors have also been given the option of
using a wet process, which is easier to do in the rainy season.

Trucks will be used to transport materials to the construction site. RCC dam building will
continue and will require a continuous supply of materials. A 60 ton/hour asphalt plant will
also be located in the quarry and will receive electricity from a diesel generator.


                                                                                            59
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
4.4.2 Materials and Waste Management

A summary of the estimated volume of minerals and main construction materials can be seen
in Table 13 from the total quantity data in the Detailed Design report (PLN/Newjec Inc., 2002).

Table 13 Summary of Volume Estimates in Major Excavations and Construction Materials

 Estimated volume of the main                   Estimated volume of main construction materials (m3)
 mineral (m3)




                                                                                                        Roller compacted
                 Open excavation




                                                                          sand and gravel
                                                                          Basic materials,




                                                                                                                           Concrete block
                                                Excavation of
                                   excavation




                                                                                             Ordinary




                                                                                                        concreter
 Location




                                                                                             concrete
                                                                Asphalt
                                   Tunnel




                                                rocks
 Upper Dam       437,500                        15,800                                       119,900    234,000
 Lower Dam       377,500           7,000        37,700                                       111,500    403,900
 Cliff           32,500                         38,700                                                                     3,800
 Stabilization
 Inner Way                                                      560       2,800
 Waterways       225,500           428,500      10,600          130       2,400              141,100
 Underground     275,200           304,400                      860       2,300              69,700
 power house
 Switchyard      621,100                        460,000         1,300     17,700
 and Admin
 Total           3,245,300         739,900      849,800         38,850    181,700            443,600    637,900            3,800



4.4.2.1     Source of Materials

Rocks for RCC and basic materials for road construction and regional stabilization will be
taken from Mount Karang. Other main construction materials are taken from other parts of
Java. Other materials include cement, fly-ash, asphalt, shotcrete, cobblestone, mortar, concrete
blocks and wire mesh for shotcrete.

Surface soil, weathered rock, and crushed rock will largely be recovered from the construction
of dams, drains, powerhouses and will be used where possible for base materials and fillings.

4.4.2.2     Waste

There is an excess of minerals compared to the filling materials required in the project.
Disposal sites for excess materials have been located, as shown in Figure B5, Appendix B.
Reservoir dead storage areas have been proposed for disposal locations where practical. For
stabilization purposes, the process is to cover the soft soil with weathered and coarse rock.
Dumps that will not be inundated under the reservoir will then be shaped and covered with
surface soil. Land may be replanted with native vegetation, depending on the location,
community / ecosystem needs and technical suitability.

4.4.3 Slope stabilization

Cliff stabilization is required in the two upper dam areas before inundation. The locations are
A and C, as shown in Figure B9. Sliding Zones and Slope Figure B9, Appendix B. The standard

                                                                                                                                            60
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
method is to cover the bottom of the landslide area with gabion and concrete. The gabions
will be filled with tunnel-excavated materials. Protection devices will usually be located in the
lower and upper water boundary zones. This is useful for protecting areas where there is a
risk of landslides from drastic changes in water level. Slope stabilization is carried out on
slopes that have a large potential for landslides in the upper weir.

4.4.4 Worker's barracks/ basecamp, offices and additional work locations

The location of workers' barracks/ basecamp, offices, and additional work areas can be seen
in Figure B9, Appendix B.

4.4.4.1   PLN Project Office

The PLN project office has been built in Ciangkrong Hamlet, Sarinagen Village, Cipongkor
District, West Bandung Regency. The building will include offices, accommodation, a clinic,
a dormitory hall, a mosque and entertainment facilities.

4.4.4.2   Main Contractor's barracks/ basecamp

The barracks used in the new road access construction project were reused as the contractor's
base barracks. The area is 150 m x 200 m and includes offices, special staff areas, storage
warehouses, dormitory halls, explosives warehouses and services for workers.

4.4.4.3   Upper Dam

Upper Dam Barrack/ basecamp B will be constructed close to the upper dam area. Its main
facilities are offices, service vehicle workshops, laboratories, construction workshops, workers
canteens, explosives warehouses, storage sheds, special technicians' areas and a dormitory
hall. The barracks/ basecamp will have a diesel generator to provide electricity.

4.4.4.4   Lower Dam

At the lower dam there will be two workers' barracks/ basecamps, barrack/ basecamp A (Lot
1) and Barrack/ basecamp A (Lot 2), a barrack/ basecamp for the contractor’s office and
workshop (Barracks/ basecamp B Bendungan Bawah), and a barracks/ basecamp for workers
and technicians (Barracks/ basecamp C Dam Bawah). The facilities are the same as those in
the Upper Dam.

4.4.5 Water, Sanitation and Solid Waste

Drinkable water will be channeled to basecamps and office areas. Water from tributaries will
be pumped into storage tanks, then treated and channeled to various buildings. Water from
the river will also be taken for the manufacture of concrete at the plant.

At the site, a solid waste processor will be built. The waste will be disposed of to the local
waste disposal site. A disposal system will be built in each of the barracks/ basecamps, to
treat wastewater before it is discharged into the septic tank.

4.4.6 Electricity Supply

Electricity will be supplied to the main construction areas, quarry and barracks/ basecamps
via the 20 kV power grid from the Cianjur or Saguling power stations, supported by standby

                                                                                              61
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
diesel generators in primary locations. This power pole will be constructed as part of the
project, the 30 km line can be seen in Figure B8, Appendix B. The path will follow roads where
possible, but some trees may need to be cleared to erect the poles. The concrete poles are 9-15
m high, and the maximum distance between poles will be 60 m. Masts may also be installed
on site and used for communication cables and lighting.

The crushing and asphalt installation in the mining area will be operated by diesel generators.
Other standby generators will be provided around the construction area. For underground
power generation facilities, eight sets of 500 kVA diesel generators will be used during the
construction and project period. The electricity at the basecamp will be generated from the
existing generator or PLN network.

4.4.7 Mobilization and Traffic

Heavy equipment will be transported through the Tanjung Priok port in Jakarta. Engineers
have marked the selected route for the transportation of heavy equipment, mechanical
equipment, materials and other heavy equipment with contractors from Tanjung Priok to the
project area which will reduce the number of winding or steep roads and gain smooth road
access (PLN/Newjec Inc., 2002). This route was used for the Saguling and Cirata hydropower
projects during the construction period with a total distance of approximately 250 km.

All transportation, including materials from Quarry will use the transfer road from the Cipari
Interchange. The most frequent flow of vehicles originates from the quarry to the dam site,
during the construction of the RCC dam; estimated at 16 transport flows per hour for 12 hours
a day.

4.4.8 Construction time

The estimated construction completion time will be 3.5 years for the main works. The
construction process has begun with a 1.5-year process of building an access road and the land
acquisition process.

4.4.9 Labor

The total number of workers required during the construction period is estimated at 2,700
peoples including skilled and non-skilled workers. The policy is to recruit local residents
according to their respective fields of expertise. Approximately 60% of workers are estimated
to be unskilled laborers. Accommodation, food and basic necessities will be provided at the
workers base camp for the workers.


4.5 Required Land
The total land area required for the UCPS project is approximately 731.76 ha, consisting of
310.06 ha of privately-owned land, 12.16 ha of village treasury land, 0.54 ha of waqf land, and
409 Ha of forestry land. The total percentage of land that has been acquired by February 2021
is 721.92 ha equals to 98.65%. (see Figure B12 in Appendix B).




                                                                                            62
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
4.6 Reservoir Preparation and Inundation Process
The inundation process will begin once the dam is fully constructed, the slopes have been
stabilized and the reservoir has been cleared of vegetation and sources of contamination in
accordance with the Reservoir Preparation Plan. The diversion structure in the upper
reservoir will be dismantled and the diversion tunnel in the lower dam will be permanently
closed.

Inundation will occur during the rainy season (December to May), when river flows are higher
and there is less risk of low flow conditions. It is planned that the Indonesian Large Dam
Safety Committee will approve the initiation process of flooding the dam.

Water demand and the estimated volume of water available for filling are presented in Table
14. The total water required to fill the reservoirs prior to commissioning is 63,530,000m3. The
live storage area in the upper reservoir will not be filled during inundation, since it will remain
‘empty’ and available for the water to be pumped from the lower reservoir as part of the
commissioning process.

PLN will first prepare a Reservoir Filling Plan covering the reservoir filling schedule,
including holding points/elevation, surveillance and notification procedures, frequency of
instrumentation readings, thresholds for triggering alarms, notification and warning
procedures together with the Operational and Maintenance Plan, no less than six months prior
to the initiation of filling.

All water filling requirements will come from the Cisokan River. Based on the 2014 decree
and PLN’s water resources utilization permit (Section 2.3.8) the maximum water debit of the
Cisokan River that can be utilized is 6.21 m3/s. Therefore, the UCPS will take up to 6.21 m3/s
to fill the reservoirs and will release the rest downstream of the dam. All inflow from the
Cirumamis River will be discharged via the upper dam bottom outlet during inundation.
Water may be pumped up to the upper reservoir periodically during filling or during the
commissioning period.

The estimated total number of days to fill the reservoir is 122 (four months). The water balance
is simply set based on the average flow conditions and does not include other losses of the
hydrological system apart from reservoir evaporation and residual flow discharge
downstream from the lower reservoir.

Table 14. Water Balance During Wet Season (Dec – May) Inundation

 Water required                                                           m3
 Upper reservoir filled to lower water level (dead storage only):                          530,000
 Lower reservoir filled to upper water level (dead and active storage):                 63,000,000
 Total   (f):                                                                           63,530,000

 Average daily water balance                                              m3
 Average daily inflows to the scheme     (a)                                             1,892,160
 Maximum daily retention of water in the scheme @     6.21m 3/s (b):                       536,544
 Average daily evaporation   (c):                                                           17,000
 Average daily outflow from the lower dam      (d):                                      1,338,616

 Estimated number of days to fill (e):                                                        122
Notes:

                                                                                                63
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
(a) Only the Cisokan River. The range of average monthly mean flows in the Cisokan River @ Lower Dam in the
wet season is 15.82-27.2, the average of this data is 21.9.
(b) UCPS will take up to 6.21m3/s. Less water will be retained if the inflow drops below 7.91 m3/s to ensure there
is a minimum e-flow of 1.7 m3/s.
(c) Evaporation
Average daily evaporation is determined based on a value of 5 mm / day (17,000m3/day, 0.2 m3/s), and the full
reservoir area is about 80 ha for the upper reservoir and 260 ha for the lower reservoir. This is conservative, because
the surface area of each reservoir is less than that number at the time of filling, but it will have little effect on the
total number of days required for filling.
(d) Inflow minus retention minus evaporation
(d) = (a) – (b) – (c)
(e)
Total water required (f) divided by (b-c), rounded up to the nearest number of days.
The estimated number of days is the minimum, as it is based on the maximum water retention rate in the scheme
of 6.21m3/s. If there are periods of low flow then less water will be retained in order to release water downstream
of the lower dam to meet the e-flow requirements (described in more detail Section 10). The minimum e-flow
during inundation is 01.7m3/s.


4.7 Operations of the UCPS Hydropower Plant
The UCPS hydropower plant will be used to meet energy demands at peak loads and will
pump water for storage during off-peak periods.




                         30,000


                         25,000
     Power Demand [MW]




                         20,000


                         15,000


                         10,000


                          5,000                                                                     Cisokan Out-Put

                                                                                                    Hydro SAG / CIR
                             0
                                                                                                    Gas CC & ST

                                                                                                    Pumping-Up Cisokan
                                                       Time [hours]                                 Coal Fired

                                                                                                    Hydro/Geothermal


Figure 21. Model of Daily Needs of Electricity required by the Java-Bali Network in 2012, Shows
Daily Power Generation (output) and the Pumping Cycle of the UCPS Hydropower Plant. Source:
PLN/Newjec Inc., 2007d

If energy is produced at full power, the maximum duration is 6.5 hours. In practice, the power
plant operate on a certain scale and at the time required. Based on the daily pumping scale,
the total pumping duration is 8.5 hours. The pumping process normally takes place
throughout midnight and early morning, during of low base load times.




                                                                                                                       64
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
The pattern of daily energy production and pumping is shown in Figure 21, from an example
of potential daily electricity demand in the Java-Bali network in 2012 (PLN/Newjec Inc.,
2007b).

The Upper Cisokan hydropower plant is a net consumer of electricity. However, this
condition remains economically efficient and profitable as shown in sections 1.2 to 1.3.

The upper reservoir’s operating water height range is 19 m. At maximum power generation,
the average water drop is approximately 3 m/h, or 48 mm/min. This average rate is
considerable. At maximum average pump rates, the average filling rate is approximately 2.25
m/hr. The range of the lower reservoir operating water level is approximately 4.5 m. At the
maximum average electricity generation, the rate of drawdown is approximately 0.7 m/hr.

4.7.1 Water Requirements during Operations

When both reservoirs have filled during the initial inundation phase, the Upper Cisokan
Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Power Plant will only need a fraction of the total inflow to
maintain the water level required for replacement. The water to be retained in the reservoir is
to compensate for evaporation losses, estimated at 17,000 m3/day (see Table 14). The majority
of the ‘top up’ water is likely to originate from the lower reservoir with the larger watershed
of the two dams. Therefore, the majority of the inflow from the upstream catchments will be
passed downstream by the upper and lower dams, via bottom outlets and spillways. The
hydrology and e-flow regime are discussed in detail in Section 12.2.3.

The bottom outlet of the upper dam is adjusted to allow a maximum discharge of 0.96 m3/s,
but will discharge an average of 0.5 m3/s based on the average river flow. The discharge of
the water will flow directly below the dam into the Cirumamis River. The discharge flow will
decrease in accordance with the reduced natural inflow into the reservoir (dry season and dry
period in the rainy season). The maximum discharge of 0.96 m3/s will be achieved during the
rainy season or during high rainfall. Any discharge greater than 0.96 m3/s will be discharged
via the spillway when the reservoir is at full capacity.

The bottom outlet of the lower dam can be adjusted to allow maximum emergency water
discharge, up to 39.9 m3/s (PLN Enjiniring/Nippon Koei/Newjec Inc./Indokoei
International/Wiratman, 2019a), but will discharge up to 13m3/s during normal operations.
Any flows greater than 13.0 m3/s will be discharged through the spillway when the reservoir
is at full capacity. Discharge flows will equal inflow except when inflow is at or below
0.01m3/s, the lower dam will maintain at least 0.01m3/s.



4.7.2 Reservoir Access and Management

Reservoir management refers to the biodiversity management plan which provides a
reference model for conservation in each area unit.

Due to security issues around the site, as well as the unpredictable water levels of the UCPS
hydropower plant during the operational period, the reservoir, buffer area and draw-down
area will be managed in a different way from conventional hydropower plants.

When the reservoir is operational, access to the reservoir for any purpose will not be
permitted, to avoid or minimize the number of drowning incidents or other accidents. There

                                                                                            65
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
are no boating, freshwater cultivation, fishing and other activities in the reservoir or near the
reservoir.

Safeguards will be documented in the Operational Environmental and Social Management
Plan and include:

        •   Revegetation of 5m vertical buffer areas with native species or construction of cliff
            reinforcements to combat erosion and sediment control, and to provide forest as
            habitat for wild animals, as per the Biodiversity Management Plan. The reservoir
            buffer area will be managed by PLN and the community will not get access.
        •   Strengthening the drawdown area using vegetation and technical civilian methods
            is required because of the flow velocity due to the rapid increase and decrease in
            the water level.
        •   Routine patrols are carried out in buffer areas and reservoirs by security staff, and
            evacuated communities.
        •   A warning alarm will be installed before the power plant or pump to indicate
            whether the water level is rising or falling excessively in the reservoir.
        •   Warning signs will be placed at specific distances on the edge of each reservoir,
            and at locations around local roads and trails, explaining that community access
            to the reservoirs is prohibited, and that the water level may rise without warning.
        •   Regular education programs (started during the construction stage) to explain to
            the local community how the reservoir will be operated, and what safety risks are
            involved.

To ensure the quality of water protection and operational efficiency, the reservoir will be
regularly cleaned to remove water weeds and material floating in the water which impacts
the water input to the turbine.

4.7.3 Reservoir Sedimentation

The lower watershed area of 355 km2 and the upper reservoir of 10.5 km2 were used to predict
the amount of sedimentation. The Cisokan hydropower plant has been designed for a period
of 50 years with an estimated average sedimentation of 1.86 mm/km2/year (PLN
Enjiniring/Nippon Koei/Newjec Inc./Indokoei International/Wiratman, 2019b; PLN/PT.
Geotrav Bhuana, 2013). The total volume of the lower reservoir is 53 million m3. After 50 years,
the sedimentation volume is 33 million m3, this means that there will still be 20 million m3 of
space for further sedimentation (Figure 22). For the upper reservoir, the total volume is 14
million m3 and active storage is 10 million m3. After 50 years, the sedimentation volume will
amount to 1 million m3, this means that there will still be 3 million m3 of space for further
sedimentation in the upper reservoir. Figure 23 shows that both reservoirs have sufficient
volume to overcome sedimentation for a period of 50 years.




                                                                                              66
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
                                                  (a)




                                                  (b)

Figure 22. Curve H-V in (a) Upper Dam and (b) Lower Dam



                                                                                      67
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
                                                  (a)




                                                  (b)

Figure 23. Curve H-Q in (a) Upper Dam and (b) Lower Dam


                                                                                      68
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
4.7.4 Flood Emergency Operational Procedure

Due to the lack of active storage, the flood inflow has a very short duration of time in the
reservoir system, and so the flood flow will not be completely exhausted. However, there is
still a possibility that large flood inflows could occur alongside the generation of electricity
(and/or when the lower dam is full) requiring flood warnings for downstream river users on
the Cisokan River.

4.7.4.1     Warning Methods

Flood warning to people in downstream areas will be carried out with:

          a. Issue warning bulletin via warning car,
          b. Announcing flood warnings through the public media, and
          c. Notifying the public by providing flood warnings through noticeboards or sirens.

The warning sirens will automatically sound after the main post receives the water level data
from the lower dam that the water level is higher than the flood water level.

4.7.4.2     Location of Warning Facilities/ Devices

A total of 20 warning signs regarding the risk of sudden water rise, including access
restrictions, will be provided in publicly accessible locations near the dam and Manglid
measuring stations and the Cihea dam. Its general location will be at:

          a. common areas
          b. infrastructure areas (dams, inflow, outflow, etc.)
          c. other areas, which are passed by the community or are near villages.

Flood control will be carried out both automatically and manually, and data will be
transferred via a radio network connected to the communication system at the power plant.

4.7.4.2.1    Community Consultation

Prior to the inundation period, and regularly throughout the lifetime of the project, all
downstream river users and the community will receive socialization regarding the flood
warning system and on how to protect themselves.

4.7.5 Electric Power Transmission Line

Once operational, electricity will be supplied via transmission from the UCPS power station
to the 500 kV transmission network. There will be flexibility in terms of transmission of
electricity, depending on system requirements. Due to its flexibility in connectivity, Upper
Cisokan will become the main power plant in the Java-Bali network.

During pumping, the UCPS hydropower plant will receive electricity from the same
transmission system.

Maintenance and inspection will be carried out periodically on the integrity of the tower
structure, and the condition of cables and other equipment. In the forested part of the
transmission line route, vegetation clearance will be carried out along the 34 m wide



                                                                                             69
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
transmission line corridor. The soil stability around the tower will also be monitored
regularly.

The 20 kV network (used for construction activities) will be created to provide standby
electricity supply to power plants, as well as to distribute electricity locally within the UCPS
hydropower plant area.




                                                                                             70
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
CHAPTER 5.              ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS
The Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage (UCPS) hydropower plant has been reviewed several
times from an environmental, social, technical and economic perspective. This section will
discuss alternatives related to:

    •   The Java-Bali Electricity Network without the UCPS hydropower plant
    •   Dam/ reservoir design
    •   Access road location
    •   Sources for basic materials for dam construction
    •   Streamlining the transmission network


5.1 Electricity Network System in Java-Bali without the UCPS
    Hydropower Plant
If the Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage (UCPS) hydropower plant does not generate electricity
at peak load, the following scenarios have been mentioned in the additional design study
(PLN/Newjec Inc., 2007b):

    •   The petroleum power plant will be used to carry the peak load. Very large costs will
        be incurred by PLN for power generation at this time.
    •   At minimum load, the coal power plant will slightly reduce its electric power in
        response to existing electricity needs. This results in a reduction of output efficiency.
    •   Cirata hydropower plant will continue to operate as a controlled power plant in
        accordance with the required load, mostly operated with an efficiency of 65% rather
        than 100%.

The ability to meet electricity needs during peak loads requires a reliable supply of electricity
that responds quickly to fluctuations in electricity demand. This can be met by hydropower
plants. As the plants can store energy and provide spinning reserves, hydropower can
respond quickly to power fluctuations (unlike coal power plants) and is more economical than
oil, diesel or gas. Design Detail Study (PLN/Newjec Inc., 2002) ruled out conventional
hydropower as an alternative peaking plant due to the difficulty of finding an area large
enough for a reservoir in the Java-Bali region, without s significant adverse social and
environmental impacts, in particular the significant scale and cost of resettlement and loss of
productive agricultural land and / or loss of natural forest habitats.

Matenggeng Pumped Storage Scheme is a feasible alternative to UCPS and PLN are currently
preparing the detailed design. PLN propose to develop and use both pumped storage
schemes in the Java-Bali grid.


5.2 Alternative Dam / Reservoir Configurations
An alternative location for the upper dam was considered in the 1995 feasibility study, which
described the location of a smaller reservoir (PLN, Newjec Inc., 1995). The aim is to minimize
the number of households and area of agricultural land that will be submerged. Initially, the
upstream dam was constructed at the confluence of the Cipateungteung and Citapos Rivers,
and excavated up to 15 million cubic meters of hillside within the dam site. The result is a
deeper and steeper reservoir. This alternative was deemed unfeasible because of the very high
costs, the risk of steep slopes, and the additional work required to excavate and stabilize large
                                                                                              71
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
volumes of rock. The Cirumamis River location was considered the most feasible and safe,
even though the resettlement costs and impacts would have been higher.

An alternative design was considered for the lower reservoir to reduce sedimentation. The
option was to operate a dam and permanent diversion tunnel in the lower reservoir that could
transport sediment loads from the upstream area of the watershed directly to the downstream
of the dam. An additional benefitwas that the reservoir area would be reduced by 50 ha, and
the reservoir height by 9 m. This alternative would have resulted in less land acquisition,
resettlement and social impacts, and almost halved the operating zone within the reservoir.
Less critical habitat would have been inundated. River sediment loads and the associated
erosion and deposition impacts would have been closer to the natural river condition,
compared to the current design. This alternative is more expensive, and therefore not
technically recommended.

In 2019, the topographic measurements in the project area were updated according to the
latest conditions. The following section outlines several new alternative design
recommendations resulting from the 2019 UCPS design reviews and updates:

5.2.1 Hydraulic Design of Lower Dam Overflow Channels

The design in the previous study did not include the energy dissipator in the lower dam
design. In 2015, a hydraulic model test was carried out so that a waterfall pond in the lower
dam was needed as an energy dissipator.

Energy dissipation is required as a dam safety standard, especially for the downstream area
of the dam. However, the construction of a waterfall pond will result in increased costs and
land acquisition. Therefore, as an alternative, the non-gated spillway, stepped spillway chute,
and stilling basin has been designed as an energy dissipation system to replace the waterfall
pond (PLN Enjiniring/Nippon Koei/Newjec Inc./Indokoei International/Wiratman, 2019d).
This adaption has had a neutral impact on the social and environmental impacts of the design.

5.2.2 Outlet Channel Capacity

The lower drain design of the previous study did not meet the safety requirements for an
emergency drawdown mechanism. An emergency drawdown mechanism is required in case
of emergency conditions such as deformation of the weir body, uncontrolled large leakage,
and reservoir displacement due to landslides.

For this reason, changes have been made to the design of the outlet channel in the drain valve
and the elevation of the inlet at the upper and lower dams. (PLN Enjiniring/Nippon
Koei/Newjec Inc./Indokoei International/Wiratman, 2019d). This adaption has increased
the safety to the community and workers during the operational phase compared to the earlier
design.

5.2.3 Diversion Channel Design

The design of the diversion channel at the upper dam was carried out by a design update,
from using shotcrete to concrete lining. which affects the flow of water in free flow conditions
(PLN Enjiniring/Nippon Koei/Newjec Inc./Indokoei International/Wiratman, 2019d). The
diversion channel at the lower dam was also extended in order to pass through the coffer dam,
downstream of the dam (PLN Enjiniring/Nippon Koei/Newjec Inc./Indokoei


                                                                                             72
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
International/Wiratman, 2019d).      This design change had a neutral effect on the
environmental and social impacts of the scheme.

5.2.4 Open Ground Works, Switchyard, Office Buildings and Outlet Channels

Recent topographical measurements indicate the possibility of significant design changes in
some open earthworks especially in switchyard design, office buildings and outlet channels.

Various switchyard design alternatives were made in accordance with the condition of the
completed access road, because it is located under the slope traversed by the access road.
Design alternatives in office buildings were done to minimize earthworks. These design
updates have reduced the risk of landslides and erosion, reducing the associated
environmental risks and reducing the risks to heavy machinery operators preparing the sites.

In the outlet channel, an alternative design is also carried out on the disposal structure and
tailrace channel, as well as the installation of inclinometer at several points for monitoring
deformations that could trigger landslides. (PLN Enjiniring/Nippon Koei/Newjec
Inc./Indokoei International/Wiratman, 2019d). This has improved the safety of the structure.


5.3 Penstocks
In previous designs, the penstocks were connected via the shortest distance between the surge
tanks and the power housing. This design results in a smaller work volume but presents
challenges when constructing the angle of the shafts. Comparison of two alternative penstocks
on vertical shafts has been carried out in order to obtain a cheaper cost and easier construction
method (PLN Enjiniring/Nippon Koei/Newjec Inc./Indokoei International/Wiratman,
2019d). This will result in safer working environments. The environmental impacts on the
change in volume of tunnel spoil between alternatives has a neutral effect because spoil will
be stabilised within the dead storage area and increased spoil volumes in this area will not
change the potential impact on biodiversity, water quality, land acquisition etc.


5.4 Quarry Alternatives
Analysis of the raw material sources for concrete aggregates, using maps and drilling data,
following investigations were carried out in a detailed design. The three main rock types
available in the area are lava, andesite & limestone (Table 15). Only lava and andesite were
considered suitable because the limestone found was too scattered throughout the area.

Table 15. Summary of Quarry Location Alternatives

 No.   Location     Distance      Method of Study        Rock Type   First Screen: Review       Second Screen:
                    from Upper                                       Survey                     Exploration
                    Dam (km)                                                                    Excavation
 1     Gunung               11    The existing quarry    Andesite    Andesite on the surface.   The Andesite is hard
       Karang *)                  used for Saguling is                                          and fused.
                                  owned by PLN
 2     Gunung                7    Alternative            Limestone   Andesite on the surface.   Breccia tuff,
       Kencana                    feasibility study      and                                    weathered, with a
                                                         andesite                               thin layer of andesite
 3     Curug                 2    Excavation outlet      Andesite    Andesite on the surface.   has long been
       Walet                                                         Part of water body /       oxidized
                                                                     waterfall.

                                                                                                         73
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
    4     Gunung              10.5      Geological Map      Andesite     Breccias, without         NA
          Masigit                                                        andesite
    5     Gunung               9.0      Geological Map      Andesite     Claystone/ sandstone,     NA
          Hejo                                                           without andesite
    6     Pasir Dari           5.0      Aerial photo        Lava         Andesite/ breccia. Too    NA
                                                                         thin.
    7     Cigombong            4.5      Aerial photo        Lava         Andesite/ breccia. Too    NA
                                                                         thin
    8     Cisadea             5.0#      Geological Map      Andesite     Sandstone/ claystone      NA
                                                                         layers. Many houses
                                                                         nearby.
*) the alternative chosen
# - Distance from lower dam
Source: (PLN, 2011a)



Gunung Karang was selected due to the quality of material and the ownership by PLN,
reducing the land acquisition and resettlement6 risks. The quarry had already been worked,
meaning that the land had already been disturbed, the community was already aware of the
quarry and its potential impacts and no significant biodiversity values were identified.


5.5 Alternative Access Roads
Three alternative access roads were considered during detailed design in 2002.

Table 16 Summary of Alternative Roads

    Description               Route A                     Route B                    Route C (chosen)
    Length new road           35km                        31km                       25km
    Length existing road      0km                         8km                        8km
    Total length              35km                        39km                       35km
    Technical issues          Steep mountain slope        River crossings means      Possible to maintain
                              south of Gunung Karang      additional kilometers to   elevation to the upper
                              quarry makes the road       travel. Many settlements   dam      without  river
                              risky       for     slope   and agriculture, making    crossings.
                              stabilization and erosion   resettlement difficult.
                              and expensive to build
                              and maintain.
    Land acquisition          140ha                       124ha                      100ha
    Land use issues           Many houses                 Many houses, brick-stone   Few     houses, mostly
                                                          factory, rice mill, rice   agriculture and forest
                                                          fields.                    land.



Route C was selected because of the lower resettlement risks, impacts and costs. At the time
of the analysis, biodiversity values weren’t considered and compared, however all three
routes would have traversed through modified critical habitat and would have had similar



6
 Although resettlement and social impacts became more complicated during project implementation,
as discussed in the LARAP review.


                                                                                                          74
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
scale of impacts. All routes would have provided similar opportunities for induced
development and further degradation of the habitat.


5.6 Temporary Works Layout
Following the preparation of the BMP in 2015, modifications were made to reduce the direct
impacts on habitat within the project footprints. Temporary works layouts changes included
realignment of temporary construction roads and relocating spoil banks within the dead
storage area of the reservoirs.


5.7 Reservoir Filling
In the 2011 ESIA it was proposed that the UCPS was going to use all available water from the
Cisokan River during reservoir filling and release at least 7m 3/s as e-flow. Since 2011 PLN
has changed the filling regime and obtained a permit to only take up to 6.21m3/s and release
all other water as e-flow during the filling period. The previous, alternative filling regime
from 2011 would have maintained sufficient flow for the Cihea Irrigation Scheme but would
have ‘flat-lined’ the river at the minimum e-flow for several months over the winter period.
This impact was considered short term and not significant in the ESIA, however the new
filling regime will have much less impact on the river habitat and the river will experience
more natural flow in comparison.


5.8 Alternative Transmission Network Lines
Four alternative routes have been analyzed in the design study (PLN/Newjec Inc., 2007b). At
the time, the aim was to find out how the construction of a 10,000 MW coal-fired power plant
will change the distribution needs of the Java-Bali power grid. The four options were:

    1. Initial design of the Detailed Design Report (PLN/Newjec Inc., 2002) – four single
       circuits connecting Cisokan to Saguling-Cibinong and Depok-Tasikmalaya.
    2. Alternative 1 - Two connection lines to the Cibinong - Saguling electricity network to
       the North.
    3. Alternative 2 - One line connection to the Cibinong - Saguling electricity network to
       the North.
    4. Alternative 3 - Two radial connection lines to the power grid only in Saguling.

At the end of 2007, the Additional EIA (PLN/Newjec Inc., 2007a) stated the final
configuration, Alternative 1 - two separate power lines to the North connecting the Cibinong-
Saguling power grid. Alternative 1 was considered to be the best stable supply relationship
on the power grid for the Java-Bali region. This decision is based on a review of the associated
risks and monetary costs in the number of existing power lines, repair of the substation,
maintenance and a review of the reliability of supply and the risk of a complete blackout if
the electricity network or substation is removed from the system for maintenance or an
emergency.

The route alignment was selected based on ground conditions for tower foundations and
minimizing resettlement and the distance of construction access routes, and avoiding steep
slopes or erosion prone areas. Resettlement was minimized by avoiding structures, buildings
and productive land as much as possible. Biodiversity impacts were not considered in the
configuration or route alignment.
                                                                                             75
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
CHAPTER 6.              ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE INFORMATION

6.1 Introduction
This chapter provides an overview of initial environmental baseline data "before hydropower
construction" and discusses sensitive environmental factors, which may be needed by, or
influence, the construction or operation of hydropower plants.

There are several main data sources used in the baseline environment data:

1998            ANDAL Report UCPS Cisokan (PT.PLN, 1998).
2001            ANDAL Report UCPS Cisokan Additional (PLN/Newjec Inc., 2001).
2007            ANDAL Report UCPS Cisokan (PLN/Newjec Inc., 2007b).
                ANDAL Report Transmission Line UCPS Cisokan (PLN/Newjec Inc., 2007a).
2009            Combined EIA Support Study, Biodiversity Survey (Rahmat, 2009).
2011            Environmental Impact Assessment.
2013            Watershed Management Study Report (Watershed Management) to support
                Upstream Cisokan Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage (PT. Geotrav Bhuana
                Survey).
2014            Biodiversity Management Plan, Universitas Padjadjaran.
2017            Key Species Monitoring, Universitas Padjadjaran.
2019            Hydrology review report Updating Detailed Design and Preparing
                Construction Drawing of Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Power Plant Project
                (PLN Enjiniring, Nippon Koei Co.Ltd., NEWJEC Inc., PT. Indokoei
                International, PT. Wiratman).
2009- 2019      PLN's environmental assessment reporting through a competent external
                consultant to obtain data series from 2009 to 2019.


6.2 Climate
The climate classification of the study area is based on rainfall data, according to Koppen
classification system. The project area observes an ‘Af’ or tropical rain climate. This climate
is characterized by high rainfall in the relatively long rainy. The Schmidth - Ferguson climate
classification shows that the study location is in a type A climate, this is the same as the
classification according to Koppen (Arifah, 2016).

Environmental climatic characteristics are compiled to describe the environmental climatic
conditions of the project using the environmental parameters of rainfall, temperature and
wind speed. Rainfall data is obtained from 7 rain stations around the study site, namely
Cikundul, Cibalagung, Cisokan, Cimeta, Cirata, Jangari, Cipicung stations, while temperature
data is obtained from Bandung geophysical station data, this is because temperature data are
not recorded at stations around the study location. Rain station locations are shown on the
map on Figure 24.




                                                                                            76
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 24. Location Map of Rain Stations and Bandung Geophysical Stations

6.2.1 Rainfall Characteristics

Annual rainfall distribution is obtained from rainfall data at 7 rain stations in the last 20 years
(1999-2019. Analysis involves interpolation to obtain the spatial distribution pattern of rainfall
characteristics using the isohyet method, then classification to obtain the annual rainfall
distribution class. The results of the rainfall mapping show that, in general, the study location
is an area with rainfall between 2240-2450 mm. The southern region is the upstream or
catchment area of the Cisokan watershed. High rainfall will provide a high water supply for
surface and groundwater. The distribution of annual rainfall in the study area is presented in
Figure 25.




Figure 25. Rain Distribution in the Cisokan Watershed


                                                                                                77
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
6.2.2 Temperature Characteristics

Air temperature is an important parameter in environmental studies as it determines
environmental conditions and conditions of land resources. Biotic and abiotic processes,
including vegetation characteristics and vegetation growth, are also largely determined by
temperature. Air temperature data were obtained from the Bandung geophysical station
because the weather stations around UCPS did not record daily temperatures. The distance
between UCPS and the Bandung observation station is about 30 km. The temperature
distribution in the study area is shown in the Figure 26.


                                      Temperature variation over 20 years
                    40                                                                 y = 7E-05x + 23.222
                                                                                           R² = 0.0248
                    35
   Celcius Degree




                    30

                    25

                    20

                    15

                    10
                         01-01-1999




                         03-01-2005




                         06-01-2011




                         09-01-2017
                         09-08-1999
                         15-03-2000
                         21-10-2000
                         28-05-2001
                         02-01-2002
                         10-08-2002
                         17-03-2003
                         23-10-2003
                         29-05-2004

                         11-08-2005
                         18-03-2006
                         24-10-2006
                         31-05-2007
                         05-01-2008
                         12-08-2008
                         19-03-2009
                         25-10-2009
                         01-06-2010

                         14-08-2011
                         21-03-2012
                         27-10-2012
                         03-06-2013
                         08-01-2014
                         16-08-2014
                         23-03-2015
                         29-10-2015
                         04-06-2016

                         17-08-2017
                         24-03-2018
                         30-10-2018
                         06-06-2019
                                                        Date

                         Min. Temp.       Max. Temp.     Average Temp.      Linear (Average Temp.)


Figure 26 Average, minimum and maximum temperatures between 1999 and 2019, indicating a
slight increase in mean temperature.

6.2.3 Wind Characteristics

Wind is the result of differences in pressure between places as a result of differences in
temperature and humidity. The difference in pressure at both the local and global level causes
air movement. Local wind movements include valley winds, mountain winds, land winds
and sea breezes. The local wind movement is determined by the surface roughness
characteristics or the topography of the area. Data on the movement of the wind direction in
2019, from the Bandung geophysical station, is displayed in the wind rose below.

Data for measuring wind direction and speed specific to the study location is only available
from RKL-RPL measurements, which are carried out twice a year in April/May (semester 1)
and September/October (semester 2). Only obtaining wind speed and direction data twice a
year cannot accurately reflect the distribution of monthly directions and velocities, however,
the month for taking wind direction and speed is related to the west and south-east monsoons
(Figure 27). The results of wind direction measurements at the project site are almost the same
as the wind direction measurement data at Bandung Geophysical Station. The results of
measurements of wind direction and wind speed in the UCPS region are shown in Table 17.



                                                                                                        78
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 27. Wind Distribution in the Bandung Area, indicating predominant west-north-western
and southeastern winds.

Table 17. Wind Speed and Direction of Monitoring Results in Study Area
                                                                                                        Years
No             Location             Parameters
                                                   Mar-13   Apr-14 May-15 May-16 May-17 May-18 Apr-19 Oct-13          Oct-14      Sep-15   Oct-16   Oct-17   Oct-18   Oct-19
                                   Windspeed (m/s)  5,5      0,2    1,21    n/a   1,18    1,6   0.4-1.3        n/a    0.4-1.3      3,03     n/a      0,75     3,95     3,03
 1   Quarry (Sarinagen Village)
                                   Wind direction    E        W      W      n/a     E      E       W           n/a      W           W       n/a        E       W         E
                                   Windspeed (m/s)  n/a       n/a    n/a   0,69   1,15   1,18      n/a        0,63      n/a        n/a      0,63     1,37      3,2     1,62
 2   Acess road(Al-Bargunnajah)
                                   Wind direction   n/a       n/a    n/a    W       E      E       n/a         W        n/a        n/a       W         S       W         E
                                   Windspeed (m/s)  1,1       n/a    1,1    1,8   0,98   1,57 0.33-1.35 0,98         0.33-1.35     2,87     0,98     1,13      0,6     2,65
 3   Acess Road (Cipari Junction)
                                   Wind direction    S        n/a    W      W       S      E       W           W         W          W        W         S       W        SE
                                   Windspeed (m/s)  1,3      1,1     n/a    n/a    n/a    n/a  0.33-1.35       n/a   0.33-1.35     n/a      n/a      n/a      n/a      n/a
 4   Access Road (Cijambu Village)
                                   Wind direction   W          E     n/a    n/a    n/a    n/a      W           n/a       W         n/a      n/a      n/a      n/a      n/a
                                   Windspeed (m/s)  2,6      0,3    0,81    n/a   2,28   1,05 0.2 - 1.4        n/a    0.2 - 1.4    2,55     n/a      0,88      0,6     1,07
 5   Upper Dam (Cibima Village)
                                   Wind direction    S        W      W      n/a    W       E        E          n/a        E         W       n/a       W        W         E
                                   Windspeed (m/s)  n/a      0,3    0,48   2,64   2,62   0,83 0.2 - 1.4 0,83          0.2 - 1.4    3,52     0,83     0,78     0,88     1,73
 6   Lower Dam (Sukaresmi Village)
                                   Wind direction   n/a        E     W      W      W       E        E          W          E          E       W        W        W         E
                                   Windspeed (m/s)  n/a      0,2    1,21   0,35    n/a    n/a   0.2 - 1.4 0,72        0.2 - 1.4    2,07     0,72     n/a      n/a      n/a
 7   Bojongsalam Village
                                   Wind direction   n/a       S      W       W       n/a     n/a      E       W          E         W        W        n/a      n/a      n/a


(source: PLN, 2012a, 2012b, 2013a, 2013b, 2014a, 2014b, 2015a, 2015b, 2016a, 2016b, 2017a, 2017b, 2018a, 2018b,
2019b, 2019c).

6.2.4 Climate Change

Analysis of climate change is carried out by analyzing rainfall and temperature data over a
prolonged time period. Climate change data in the study area were analyzed using data from
7 rain stations over 2 decades, namely 1999-2008 and 2009-2019. Climate change in the study
area is identified by several climatic parameters, including: the trend of rainy days, rainfall,
average rainfall patterns and trends of maximum and minimum temperature.

Based on the analysis of results of rain days trends, rainy days in the project area have a
positive trend with an average magnitude of 48.52 mm. The 20 mm/day rain intensity can be
seen from the trend equation in the graph, which has a slope value of 0.0422, meaning that
rainy days with an intensity of 20 mm/day tend to increase by 0.0422 days every year, or
about 0.5 days per decade (Figure 28).

                                                                                                                                                                         79
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 28. Number of Rainy Days in Various Rain Intensity Categories

The annual rainfall trend shows an increase in the average amount of annual rainfall at
various stations in the study area. Cisokan Station, which is closest to the study location,
shows the highest increase in annual rainfall, reaching 400 mm in the last ten years (Figure
29). Increased rainfall is an indication of climate change in the study area.




Figure 29. Changes in the Amount of Annual Rainfall for Each Decade at Various Weather Stations

                                                                                            80
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Based on changes in the normal pattern of rainfall, it is known that there has been a change in
the pattern of rainfall in the last 10 years in Indonesia. The peak rainfall is higher than the 10-
year trend, followed by a dry season and a sudden wet season, marked by a sloping pattern
in the dry month that narrows in the following chart (Figure 30).




Figure 30. Change in Average Rainfall Pattern for Each Decade in the Study Area

Based on the results of the processing of temperature trends in Bandung and its surroundings,
the temperature in Indonesia, both minimum, average, and maximum temperatures, have an
average positive increase of 0.01 °C each year (Figure 31). This means that the temperature
will increase 0.01 °C each year so that within 30 years the location will increase by 0.3 °C.




Figure 31. Comparison of Average Minimum and Maximum Temperature

Future climate predictions are obtained from analysis of temperature and rainfall using serial
data. This data is presented in the form of a map of changes in the normal/average composite
mean of the two periods compared for climatic parameters related to rainfall and temperature.
The periods being compared are the current period (2006-2014) and the near-future period
(2032-2040) (BMKG, 2020).

The projection results of changes in seasonal rainfall for the period 2032-2040, against the 2006-
2014 period in Java Island, show that the projected change in seasonal rainfall for the period
2032-2040 at UCPS locations will decrease with changes between 0-20% (Figure 32). Further
south the change in seasonal rainfall increases from mild to severe.



                                                                                                81
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Changes in seasonal rainfall can also provide information about climate change. Changes in
seasonal rainfall provide information on the increase or decrease in rainfall which will have
an impact on natural water resources.




Figure 32. Seasonal Rainfall Changes Projection in Java Island

The results of the analysis of changes in seasonal rainfall show that seasonal rainfall has
increased in the southern part of West Java, while the central and northern parts of West Java
observe no change or a slight decrease. The UCPS location shows the potential for a mild
decrease in seasonal rainfall.

The results of the analysis of the increase in the frequency of rain show that the UCPS location
observes a slight increase in the frequency of heavy rain. Southern Java tends to experience
an increase in the frequency of light rain, while northern Java tends to experience a decrease
in the frequency of heavy rain.

Judging from the distribution of additional days without rain in West Java, it is more
dominant in the central part to the north, with a greater percentage when compared to the
decrease in the number of days without rain. The decline in the number of days without rain
was dominant in the southern and eastern parts of West Java. The UCPS change of days
without rain leads to more days without rain by a relatively small number.




                                                                                             82
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Based on the results of the Consecutive Dry Days (CDD) analysis, which is one of the climate
change indices recommended by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices
(ETCCDI), it is known that the areas of Java Island that show a fairly extensive increase in
CDD are West Java and North Central Java. The increase in CDD shows an indication that the
dry season is getting longer so that the potential for drought is getting higher. The UCPS
location shows that the CDD value has increased considerably with medium-high class. This
condition will have an impact on the water supply to the reservoir in the dry season. The
longer the dry season, the lower the water supply, so it is necessary to manage water for
generating operations and irrigation water for lower areas.




Figure 33. Projections of Change in CCD and CWD for the Period 2023-2040 in Java Island

Meanwhile, the results of the Consecutive Wet Days (CWD) analysis around Bandung tend
to be shorter in the south and west, while the eastern part of Bandung tends to be longer. The
UCPS location shows a shorter trend in the Cianjut direction, indicating a tendency for longer
consecutive rainy days. This shows that consecutive rainfalls have a shorter duration, so that
it will have an impact on the amount of water received by the watershed. The projected map
of changes in Consecutive Dry Days (CDD) and (CWD) changes for the 2023-2040 period
obtained from BMKG is shown in Figure 33.

The results of the heavy rain fraction analysis showed that the UCPS location had a tendency
for the heavy rain fraction to decrease, while the Bandung basin area showed an increase in
the fraction of heavy rain. The fraction of heavy rain at the UCPS location is projected to
decrease, giving an impact on peak discharge events, namely the potential for peak discharge
that occurs has the potential to decrease.

The determining factor of climate change, besides rainfall, is air temperature. The results of
air temperature analysis can be used to predict future changes in temperature. In general, the
results of the temperature analysis show that there has been an increase in air temperature
from 2006-2014. The results of the 2006-2014 temperature analysis are used as the basis for
making temperature prediction models in the coming period, in this case the temperature
predictions for the year 2032-2040. The prediction models produced to describe the
temperature information in the coming year are; changes in average temperature, changes in

                                                                                           83
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
mean maximum temperature, changes in mean minimum temperature, changes in daily
temperature. Climate change is indicated by an increase in surface temperature, this can be
illustrated by several of these parameters. The distribution of changes in average temperature
in Java is presented in Figure 34.




Figure 34. Projections of Changes in Average Temperature for the Period 2032-2040 in Java Island

The results of the average temperature prediction analysis show that almost all areas in Java
Island show an increase in average temperature to varying degrees. The southern part of Java
Island has a relatively small increasing trend when compared to the northern part of Java
Island. The average temperature increase at the UCPS site was in the medium-high category
with a range of more than 0.8⸰C.


6.3 Topography
Based on the topographic map of the Cisokan watershed, the project area is located in a
vulnerable mountainous area in the southern part of West Java. Topographic height ranges
from 270.41 m to 2,075 m above sea level. The northern part of the region is the alluvial plain
and the Indian Ocean in the south. Within the wider landscape, there are volcanoes and
alluvial plains, including Mount Pangrango to the Northeast of the project site.



                                                                                               84
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Among the topographical landscape of the Cisokan watershed, it can be seen that the Cisokan
River flows from South to North. The Cisokan River is one of the Citarum tributaries. The
Citarum River flows into the Java Sea in the North and is one of the largest rivers in Java. The
Cisokan River flows over a steep V-shaped valley before flowing into the plains, where it joins
the Cirata Dam.

The topography of the UCPS project site consists of gently-sloping to steep hills with an
altitude between 400-1000 m above sea level. Topographic conditions in the Cisokan
watershed are shown spatially in Figure 35.




Figure 35. Topographic Map of the Cisokan Watershed

In general, the study area is formed by a degradation process that forms denudational
mountains. The landscape of the project area consists of tertiary volcanic and sedimentary
rock, with the geological structure of folds and faults that generally point to the northeast -
southwest direction.

Based on the classification that has been carried out, it is known that the area in the Cisokan
watershed, which has a slope <8 (flat), is 4,768.78 Ha, the area with a slope of 8% - 15% (gentle)
is 10,365.57 ha, the area with slope of 16% - 25% (Slope) is 14,751.55 ha, the area with a slope
of 26% - 40% (very sloping) is 7,264.07 ha, and the area with a slope of> 40% (steep) is to 291.68
ha. The spatial distribution of slopes in the immediate project area is shown in Figure 36.

The spatial distribution of the slope from the digital modeling results shows that the locations
with high slopes are in the north and south. The northern, downstream area is the planned
area for the lower Cisokan weir and the upper Cisokan. The position of the dam is very
suitable because it is on a steep slope, allowing the weir body to be relatively short. The
upstream, southern region is a protected forest area, so it is very suitable for the land

                                                                                               85
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
capability. Areas with high land slopes usually have low soil solum depth due to high erosion,
but maintaining forest cover on the steep land reduces erosion potential.




Figure 36. Slope Map in UCPS


6.4 Geology
The Bandung Zone is a volcanic area that is relatively depressed when compared to the Bogor
Zone and the Southern Mountain Zone. This zone forms a depression, but its altitude reaches
700-750 masl. This depression zone is shaped like a basin because the zone is between two
flanking heights. This zone is formed from the weathering of Tertiary rock and Quaternary
volcanic deposits, so that most of it is filled with alluvial and Quaternary volcanic deposits.

The geology of the UCPS Cisokan location (upper weir and lower weir) is taken from the
Geological Map of the Sheet Cianjur (Sudjatmiko, 2013) with a scale of 1:100,000. Based on the
map, it is known that there are 3 rock formations that underlay the project location, namely,
the Rajamandala Formation (Omc), the Citarum Formation (Mts), and the Pb Formation (Pb)
(Table 18, Figure 37).

Table 18. Geological Formation in the Project area

 Age                     Abbreviation   Formation Name       Main Appearance

 Neogene Pliocene        Pb             Pb Formation         Tuff Breccia, Shale/Sandstone alternation,
                                                             Andesite
 Neofene Miocene         Mts            Citarum Formation    Sandstone/siltstone alternation, Sandstone,
                                                             Tuff Breccia, Andesite, Breccia Sandstone,
                                                             Shale/Sandstone alternation


 Paleogene Oligocene     Omc            Rajamandala          Marl/Sandstone alternation
 to Neogene Miocene                     Formation


                                                                                                      86
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
The three (3) supporting geological formations at the UCPS Cisokan project site are as follows:

The Rajamandala Formation (Omc). The Rajamandala Formation (Omc) generally consists of
Marl/ Sandstone (Ml/ Ss). Distributed in a narrow area between Width = 0.5 km and Length
= 40 km from North-East to South-West direction. The UCPS Cisokan project location is
located in the southern region of its distribution. The Rajamandala Formation (Omc) is
thought to have formed in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene Tertiary Period.




Figure 37. Geological Map of the UCPS Cisokan Area enlarged from the Geological Map of Cianjur

The Citarum Formation (Mts). The Citarum Formation (Mts) rests on the Rajamandala
Formation (Omc). The Citarum Formation (Mts) is mostly distributed in the southern and
northern regions of the Rajamandala Formation (Oms) distribution. The Citarum Formation
consists of Sandstone and Siltstone alternation (Ss / Silt), Sandstone (Ss), Tuff Breccia (Br),
Andesite (An), Breccia Sandstone (BrSs), and Shale and Sandstone Alternation (Sh / Ss). The
Citarum Formation is thought to have formed during the early miocene of the tertiary period.

The Citarum Formation is the most extensive rock formation at the UCPS Cisokan project site.
Some of the buildings that will be built on top of this formation are the Upper dam, waterway
and powerhouse. In several places, drag faults have been observed, which characterize that
this area is intensively tectonic. There are several types of sandstones observed in the study
area, namely dark blue sandstones and brown sandstones. Sandstones that are bluish dark in
color are generally tougher, while sandstones that are weathered brown are more intensive.
The result is sandstones that are dark in color generally have thin soil, while sandstones with
brown soil tend to be thicker.



                                                                                            87
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
The Pb formation (Pb). The Pb (Pb) formation relies on the Rajamandala (Omc) formation and
the Citarum (Mts) formation with discrepancies. The Pb (Pb) formation is mostly distributed
in the northern and southern regions of the Omc and Mts distribution. The Pb (Pb) formation
consists of Tuff Breccia (Br), Shale / Sandstone (Sh / Ss), and Andesite (An). The Pb Formation
is thought to have formed in the Pliocene Tertiary Period. The buildings that will be built on
the Pb formation are the Lower dam. In detail, the geological distribution of the location of
the Cisokan UCPS area is presented in Figure 37.


6.5 Land Use and Land Cover
6.5.1 Land Use in the Cisokan Watershed




Figure 38. Land Use Map in the UCPS Cisokan Watershed in 2020

Land use in the Cisokan watershed consists of forests, gardens, settlements, rice fields, shrubs,
fields and water bodies. The results of land use mapping in 2020, as a data updating activity,
using visual interpretation of 2020 satellite imagery, shows that forest land area is 14,918.34
ha (40%), plantations 5,993.09 ha (16%), settlement 1,283.48 ha (3%), paddy fields 6,120.67 ha
(16%), thickets 5,857.36 ha (16%), fields 3,033.84 ha (8%), and water bodies 222.65 ha (1%). The
land use map is shown in Figure 38.

6.5.2 Transmission Line Land Use

Updating of land use in the UCPS transmission line was carried out using visual interpretation
of 2020 image data. Mapping results show that land use in the transmission line consists of
forest land area of 2,201.79 ha (24.21%), secondary forest 2,813.44 ha (30.94%), shrubs 275.89
ha (3.03%), fields 302.21ha (3.32%), rice fields 2,845.95 ha (31.30%), settlements 591.22 ha
                                                                                              88
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
(6.50%), open land 41.85% (0.46), and water 221.04 ha (0.23%). The land use map of the
transmission line is shown in Figure 39.




Figure 39. Land Use on the Transmission Line

6.5.3 Land Use at the UCPS Project Site

The delineation of the main vegetation types in Cisokan is guided by the results of biodiversity
research conducted by the Indonesian Institute for Sciences (LIPI) in 2012, as well as earlier
studies by Ade Rahmat in 2009, and the ANDAL UCPS hydropower study in 2007, with the
results of the analysis of RapidEye imagery maps 2011–2012. The resulting analysis identified
several ecosystem types (or vegetation communities), including natural degraded forest,
production forest (with stands of pine, teak, or Altingia excelsa), areas of mixed gardens or
agroforestry (locally named talun), scrub areas, slash and burn cultivation areas that make up
agricultural fields on slopes, rice fields in flat areas, and fish ponds, settlements and yards.
The land use map created for the 2020 update is shown below in Figure 40.

6.5.3.1   Natural Degraded Forest

Natural degraded or secondary forest is a combination of native and non-native shrub and
tree species that have grown back after land clearing, see Figure 41. Throughout the area, this
vegetation can be found in fragments, usually in more steep areas where agriculture or forest
cannot grow. This area includes inaccessible cliffs and riverbanks in hillside gaps, and is found
along the Cirumamis River between the upper and lower reservoir areas.

LIPI (2012) and Rahmat (2009) recorded at least 376 species of plants belonging to 268 genera
and 160 orders in the area of natural forest in UCPS hydropower project site and surrounding
areas. From the 160 orders recorded, the dominant orders that make up the forest community

                                                                                              89
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
include Euphorbiaceae (22 species), Moraceae (21 species), Meliaceae (15 types), and Fabaceae
(23 species). These areas generally have the highest biodiversity.




Figure 40. Land Use Map at the UCPS Project Site




Figure 41. Secondary Natural Forest in the Lower UCPS Watershed Area, with Cirug Walet
waterfall in the background

6.5.3.2   Production forest

The state production forest (see Figure 42) in the area around the project is managed by the
state forestry company on Java (Perhutani) and is dominated by pine and mahogany trees,


                                                                                          90
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
with grassy ground cover. The production forest in the area around the project is a habitat for
some wildlife. Local people take advantage of pine trees for their sap.




Figure 42. Poorly maintained Production Forest in the Study Area with pine

6.5.3.3   Mixed garden / Talun / Agroforestry

Mixed garden is a land use type found between agricultural fields and plantations and forests.
This type of land use serves to support food needs and provide additional income for local
communities. Types of commodities grown include food crops, coffee, bananas, avocados,
coconuts, bamboo and sugar palm. The mixed garden in the area around the project covers a
large hilly area. Mixed gardens, locally known as talun, are still good habitats for local fauna
because of the forest canopy structure, the diversity of species from native and deliberately
planted species and a large enough level of vegetation to cover the land cover. This system is
also known as community forest and encompasses a variety of crops and plants. Some of the
dominant plant species in this ecosystem types are sugar palm (Arenga pinnata), timber species
such as Albizia falcataria, Parasserianthe ssp, and mahogany (Swietenia sp.), as well as a range
of fruit trees for human consumption, including soursop (Annona muricata), menteng (Bacaurea
racemosa), rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), and mango (Mangifera indica). Some of the plant
species here have high economic value such as durian (Durio zibethinus) and petai (Parkia
speciosa). These areas can be quite valuable for biodiversity, depending on species
composition, size of the area, and also other threats such as hunting.




                                                                                             91
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 43. Agroforestry and rice cultivation in the Study Area

6.5.3.4   Scrub and Upland Vegetation

These ecosystem types can be found along the Cirumamis River, Cilengkong River and on the
east side of the Cisokan River, especially on slopes. Although the status of these areas is in
many cases protected production forest, the areas are quite degraded because of illegal timber
extraction, collection of grass for animal feed and other resource extraction. This is also
evident in the production forests to the west of the Cisokan River where communities have
trees such as Albizia falcataria, teak (Tectona grandis) and calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus).




Figure 44. Shifting agriculture in shrubland areas

                                                                                              92
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Local communities also utilize these upland scrub areas and fields for slash and burn
cultivation (Figure 44), often using annual crops for cultivation under stands of trees that had
been planted earlier. These cultivated land systems contain lemongrass (Andropogon citratus),
mixed with reed plants (Imperata cylindrica) and other grass species.

6.5.3.5   Settlements, agriculture and gardens

Areas around houses are generally planted with various types of plants with economic or
aesthetic value. These are generally small areas of vegetation measuring less than 150 m 2.
Types of plants commonly found in settlement yards include banana (Musa paradisiaca),
coffee (Coffea spp.), jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophylla), African Umbrella Tree (Maesopsis eminii),
clove (Eugeuna aromatica), avocado (Persea americana) and bamboo (Bambusa spp.).

Fish pools are used to grow fish such as tilapia (Thylapia mozambica). Fishponds are generally
found in areas of land by the river where natural springs emerge. In addition to aquaculture,
fishponds are alternately used for growing rice (Figure 45). Generally, rice is grown in wet
paddy systems using high-yielding varieties, allowing 2 to 3 harvests per year. Surveys
suggested that these environments are poor in native wildlife species.




Figure 45. Rice Fields and Fish Ponds in the Study Area

Most of the rural communities in the hilly areas around the project site do not have house
yards because most residents cultivate directly in the rice fields and gardens. Most of the use
of yard land is in the quarry location. Utilization is used for planting ornamental plants, fruit
trees and vegetable gardens (such as tomatoes and chilies), gardens and fish ponds.


                                                                                                 93
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 46. Settlement in upper dam area with village gardens of coconut and other species

6.5.4 Land Use Land Cover Change

Land use/ land cover change at several locations in the project area can be analyzed using
satellite imagery. Monitoring Google satellite imagery data from 2013 to 2020 indicates local
changes in land use from secondary forest or shrubs to agricultural land (Figure 47). changes
in land use also occur in changes in land cover to access roads. Satellite imagery for 2020
shows an avalanche on the slope above Curug Walet (red circle in the picture




Figure 47. Examples of changes in land use around Walet Waterfall in 2013 - 2017 – 2020

Secondary forest may be avoided from further land clearing processes because it is steep,
although logging and timber extraction are still sometimes carried out. Forest fires are a risk.

                                                                                             94
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Fauna is at risk of being isolated from its population and the carrying capacity of fragmented
forests is limited. This was confirmed from observations in the field, that there was an
avalanche of about 30 meters close to the location of Curug Walet (Figure 48). Steep slope
topography and agricultural activities have triggered landslides on the slopes around the
study area (Figure 48).




Figure 48. Confirmation of land cover change in the Study Area

In 2020 the access road from the Cipari Junction to the Upper and Lower Dam has been
completed. With the access road, currently new settlements have appeared on the right and
left of the access road (Figure 49). This shows a change in land use around the UCPS location,
especially on the access road. The appearance of new settlements has been confirmed to have
occurred in locations around UCPS as shown below.




Figure 49. The appearance of new settlements on road access

Lembur Sawah Hamlet is a settlement located above the switchyard development plan at the
UCPS project. In 2020, relocation at Lembur Sawah Hamlet has been implemented as shown
by the red circle Figure 50 below. Several settlements are seen moving out of the switchyard
construction area in the period between 2013 and 2020.

The satellite imagery shows that the construction of the access road has been completed up to
the location of the Lower Dam (Figure 51). It can be seen on the left of the figure, that from
2013 to 2020, agricultural activities by slash and burn were still found on agricultural lands
around the project area. The area around the Gowek Forest which has dense land cover with
a slope of> 40% and a range of wildlife species, such as the Javan Leopard and Pangolin

                                                                                           95
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
(Husodo et al., 2019; Shanida et al., 2018; Withaningsih et al., 2018), apparently did not
experience significant changes in land cover from 2013 to 2020. However, agricultural
activities continued elsewhere and it is necessary to carry out good management in the area,
related to the area directly adjacent to the habitat wildlife in the Gowek Forest area.




Figure 50. Location of Lembur Sawah Hamlet, Sukaresmi Village (a) 2013 and (b) 2020.




                                                                                         96
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 51. Location of Lower Dam (top) 2013 and (bottom) 2020 with red circles showing ongoing
land clearing for agriculture during the time the access road was developed. The blue line
indicates the approximate boundary of Gowek forest.

Historic and recent satellite imagery also shows that there are still agricultural activities on
lands in the upper dam area that have been released by PLN (Figure 52), which is due to the
PLN policy allowing the community to cultivate the land until the time of inundation is
carried out.



                                                                                                 97
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Pasir Jegud Resettlement is located on the side of the main road, close to the settlement of
Citapos Village. It can be seen in Figure 52, the Pasir Jegud resettlement location has been
completed. There are also additional settlements along the access road (Figure 52).




Figure 52. Location of Resettlement Pasir Jegud, Sukaresmi Village (top) 2013 and (bottom) 2020.

The location of the Pasir Laja resettlement village can be seen in satellite imagery (Figure 53).
Pasir Laja can be accessed through the access road along the ridge on the border of Cianjur
and West Bandung Regencies. The location of the Pasir Laja Resettlement in 2013 was a limited
agricultural land area with two houses. However, some of these land areas belong to
                                                                                                   98
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
communities in Lembur Sawah Village. Relocation due to the UCPS project, resulted in the
community occupying the Pasir Laja area as a place to live. Satellite imagery captured in 2020
shows agricultural activities in the Pasir Laja area leading to the Gowek Forest area, which
has potentially negative biodiversity implications.




Figure 53. Location of Resettlement Pasir Laja (top) 2013 and (bottom) 2020




                                                                                           99
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
6.6 Ambient Air Quality, Noise and Vibration
The baseline UCPS air quality, noise, and vibration data were obtained from the 2007 UCPS
ANDAL PLTA data and the semester monitoring reports from 2014 - 2019. The main
parameters monitored are Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Dust (TSP), Carbon
monoxide (CO). Figure 54 shows the location of the 5 monitoring locations which are situated
in close proximity to the quarry, at two points on the access road, at the upper and lower dam
location.




Figure 54. The location of ambient air quality, noise, and vibration measurement points

The baseline measurements of air quality and noise from the 2007 UCPS PLTA ANDAL
document which represent the conditions before project activities in 2007 are presented in
Table 19.

Table 19. Ambient air quality, noise and vibration ANDAL 2007 UCPS Hydropower Plant

 Paramet    Unit    Standard (GR 41/1999)          Location
 ers                                               Quarry     Cipari    Cijamb    Upper     Lower
                                                              Junctio   u Cross   dam       dam
                                                              n                   Cibima    Sukares
                                                                                  Village   mi
                                                                                            Village
 Dust       µg/m³   230 µg/m³/ Averaging time 1    73.93      63.71     69.07     54.69     36.02
 (TSP)              hour
 CO         µg/m³   30000 µg/m³/ Averaging time    140.4      397.8     304.41    302.61    204.45
                    1 hour
 SO2        µg/m³   900 µg/m³/ Averaging time 1    392.21     278.64    331.67    210.67    141.37
                    hour
 NO2        µg/m³   400 µg/m³/ Averaging time 1    <4         <4        <4        <4        <4
                    hour



                                                                                                     100
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
 Noise       dBA      55                           42.3   -   50.2   –   50.2   –   45.52   –   45.65    –
                                                   54.3       73.5       69.5       49.28       54.65
 Vibratio    mm/s     -                            -          -          -          -           -
 n           ec
Source: (PLN, 2007)



Monitoring of air quality, noise and vibration conditions around the UCPS site is carried out
twice a every year as per the RKL-RPL requirements. The measurement period is in May and
October.

6.6.1 Ambient Air Quality

The monitoring results of the main observed air quality parameters are as follows:

6.6.1.1     Dust (TSP)

Total Suspended Particulate data (TSP) in locations around UCPS were collected from seven
monitoring points between 2014-2019 for the period during early works (access road). Based
on the graph in Figure 55 below, it is seen that the trend of dust data in locations around UCPS
is fluctuating with a generally increasing trend. In October 2018, it was noted that the dust
condition (TSP) had passed the required threshold. However, in 2019 this condition has
declined again. The fluctuation of dust (TSP) around UCPS is influenced by an increase in the
activity of the access road construction until 2019. However, a comparison with the results of
dust measurement (TSP) from the 2007 ANDAL (EIA) document, prior to the commencement
of any project activities at UCPS, an increase in general dust levels is seen since 2015.




Figure 55. Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) data in UCPS area in relation to government standard

6.6.1.2     Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Generally, the air quality condition of the CO parameters in the locations around UCPS is still
far below the maximum threshold allowed. The increase in CO occurred in 2018 - 2019 in the
access road (Cipari junction) and Lower Dam (Sukaresmi Village). The increase occurred due
to the mobilization of vehicles and trucks during the construction of the new access road. The
trend of CO data in the area around UCPS is shown in Figure 56.




                                                                                                        101
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 56. Carbon Monoxide (CO) trend data around UCPS

6.6.1.3   Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

In general, the air quality conditions of the SO2 parameters in the locations around UCPS are
still far below the maximum threshold required. The increase in CO occurred in 2018-2019 in
the access road (Al-barqunnajah), access road (Cipari junction) and Lower Dam (Sukaresmi
Village). The trend of CO data in the area around UCPS is shown in Figure 57.




Figure 57. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) trend data around UCPS

6.6.1.4   Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

The trend of NO2 data shows fluctuating conditions from 2014 to 2019 (Figure 58). In 2014,
NO2 levels showed a high value compared to other measurement years. The NO 2 level after
2014 has decreased up to 2017. The increase again occurred from October 2017 to October
2019. The intensity of the construction of access roads in these years had an effect on the
increase in NO2 levels in the area around UCPS.




                                                                                         102
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 58. Trending Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) data around UCPS

6.6.2 Noise

The noise level at all monitoring points tends to be high from 2013 to 2019 at the monitoring
points around the access road. This is inseparable from the activities of mobilizing vehicles
and heavy equipment during the pre-construction and conveyor road construction processes.
However, this condition is not much different from the results of monitoring in 2007 before
any development activities in the UCPS area where the noise at the monitoring location was
between 42.5 to 73.5. In some locations the noise level has exceeded the threshold required for
residential locations, institutions, and education. The trend noise data is shown in Figure 59.




Figure 59. Noise Data Trend around UCPS

6.6.3 Vibration

Vibration levels from 2015 - 2019 in the area around UCPS fluctuated strongly (Figure 60).
High levels of vibration conditions were found in May 2016 and October 2017 at locations
around UCPS. The level of vibration resulting from the construction of the access road is still
below the government safety threshold.




                                                                                           103
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 60. Vibration data around UCPS

6.6.4 Sensitive receptors to noise, air quality and vibration

At the time the construction activities were running. Increased parameters of air quality, noise
and vibration will be felt directly by sensitive receptors around the UCPS area. The locations
of sensitive receptors in the vicinity of the UCPS area are modelled based on assumed air
quality, noise and vibration impacts (Figure 61).




Figure 61. Sensitive Receptors (residential properties) in the vicinity of the quarry, access road and
upper and lower dam areas. Yellow areas are those were air quality, noise and vibration are likely
to affect communities.


                                                                                                   104
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
6.7 Hydrology
6.7.1 Watershed Overview

The UCPS project is located in the central Citarum River Basin, which flows into the Cirata
reservoir. Downstream of the Cirata Reservoir is the Jatiluhur and Walahar reservoirs, before
the river flows to the Java Sea, see Figure 62. The Citarum River drains water from much of
West Java, including the city of Bandung.




Figure 62. The Citarum Watershed with the Cirata, Jatiluhur and Walahar reservoirs (Nes and
Firmansyah 2013).

The catchment area of the lower dam on the Cisokan River is about 374 km 2. Two notable sub-
watersheds are the Cirumamis (location of the upper dam) and the Cilenkong (which has a
confluence with the Cisokan River immediately upstream of the lower dam).

The catchment area for the upper dam on the Cirumamis River is 10.5 km 2. There are several
streams that flow into the Cirumamis River, such as the Cilawang, Cipateunteung, Cibima,
and Cidongke. The location of Cirumamis watershed within the Cisokan watershed is
presented in Figure 63.

The UCPS project area does not only cover the Cisokan watershed which empties into the
Cisokan River, but there is some river flow that empties into the Saguling Reservoir. The rivers
include the Cijambu River along the new access road and the Cirendeu River around the

                                                                                              105
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
quarry area of Mount Karang. The Cisokan and the Cijambu watershed have different
drainage density patterns, apart from the size and physical characteristics of the watershed.




Figure 63. Drainage Pattern in Cisokan sub-Watershed

Watershed hydrology in the UCPS region is influenced by rainfall, geology, topography and
land cover. The varying density of drainage patterns in the Cisokan watershed reflects the
relief conditions and lithology of the constituent rocks. The drainage density indicates that the
Cisokan watershed has several levels of infiltration based on the physical characteristics of the
land. The difference in drainage density indicates the difference in the lithology of the rock
and its landscape. The tributaries in the upper dam area (Cirumamis watershed) tend to have
low discharge characteristics over a long period but do not significantly reduce during the dry
season, indicating that groundwater contributes to base flow in this season. This is in contrast
to the Cisokan River which has a much larger and more complex geological and topographical
watershed and responds more directly to rainfall. At the lower dam location, the Cisokan
River has a high discharge character in the rainy season and low discharge during the dry
season.

The eastern area of the Cisokan watershed shows a lower river drainage density, this indicates
that the rate of infiltration of rainwater into the soil at the soil surface is higher, or the lithology
of the rock is more dense or porous so that water flows into the relief layer or it can occur
because the rock is not experiencing erosion. The map in Figure 57 shows the flow pattern of
the Cisokan watershed in each of its sub-watersheds.

Meanwhile, in the Cijambu watershed, the drainage patterns formed are mostly semi-parallel,
semi-dendritic, dendritic and trellis. The dominant semi-parallel pattern is on land with high
slopes in the upstream area. Dendritic and semi-dendritic occur in the cavity of the basin
downstream area. Trellis flow patterns occur in several places locally mainly due to structural
processes that form the landscape of the area such as the Cijambu River along the main road
which tends to form trellis flow patterns. In detail, the spatial distribution of drainage density
in the Cijambu watershed is presented in Figure 64.

                                                                                                    106
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 64. Drainage Pattern in Cijambu sub-Watershed

6.7.2 River Characteristics

The characteristics of the Cisokan river at the lower dam area are presented in Figure 65. The
Cirumamis River in the upstream is relatively small and increasing in size downstream from
the tributary the Cilengkong River before entering the Cisokan River. The Cirumamis River
flow in the upstream part is very heavy. This is influenced by the condition of the slopes
around the river which are steep and narrow, so as to form a waterfall called Curug Walet.




Figure 65. Cisokan River at the site of the lower dam

                                                                                          107
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
The Cijambu River is a tributary of the Saguling reservoir, flowing water through a steep
incised hill with a steep river bank cliff before it flows into the reservoir. The river flow
gradient is relatively flat with characteristics of rocky water bodies with a narrow terraced
river shaped river.

The Cilengkong River flows from the Cilengkong Sub-watershed which empties into the
Cirumamis River before entering the Cisokan River. Access roads that are close to the upper
and lower dam areas are included in the Cilengkong Sub-watershed so that the river can be
used as a location for monitoring water quality due to sedimentation and erosion from the
access road. Cilengkong River is relatively small in size, which is located on a sloped area that
has a swift and clear flow. The upstream part of the Cilengkong River is used by people in the
Cilengkong village. The downstream part of the Cilengkong River is used by people in
Lembur Sawah village.




Figure 66. Cirumamis Upstream (Left) and Downstream (Right)

Characteristics of the rivers are shown in Table 20.

Table 20. Cirumamis and Cisokan River Characteristics

                   Dimension*
 River                                       River Condition           Cliff Material and Riverbed
                   depth         width

 Cirumamis         20 – 50 cm    7 – 10 m    swift, calm, flowing      large rocks, gravel, sediments,
                                                                       sand
 Cisokan           30 – 150 cm   20 – 30 m   swift, calm, flowing      River rock cliffs, large gravel,
                                                                       small gravel, sand




                                                                                                          108
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
6.7.3 River Flow

Very little hydrology has been recorded in the Cirumamis river catchment. The 2011 ESIA
presented data indicating monthly average flows between 0.1 – 0.4 m3/s at the upper dam
location based on one field measurement and catchment correlations between Cirata and
Saguling flow data.

Various river flow studies at the UCPS project site have been carried out since 1995.
Information and analysis of river flows is used to obtain an overview of low-flow and river
flood discharge, which aims to carry out planning, design and management of the UCPS
environment and operations. Table 21 shows the series of hydrological and design studies
that have been carried out at UCPS.

Table 21. UCPS Hydrology and Design Study History

 No.   Title                           Duration      Consultant             Reports
 1.    The Upper Cisokan Pumped        Oct 1992 to   PT. PLN                Feasibility Study Report (FS
       Storage Hydroelectric Power     Mar 1995      (site investigation)   1995)
       Development Project in the                    NEWJEC
       Republic of Indonesia
 2.    Engineering Services for        Aug 1999      NEWJEC                 Basic Design Report
       Upper Cisokan Pumped            to   May      PB Power               Detailed Design Report (DD
       Storage Hydroelectric Power     2002          PT.       Connusa      2002)
       Plant Project                                 Energindo              Bid Documents
                                                                            EIA Report
 3.    Engineering Services for Java   Apr 2006      NEWJEC                 Supplemental Detailed Design
       Bali Power Restructuring and    to   Mar      Colenco      Power     Report
       Strengthening Project for       2007          Engineering            Revised Bid Documents incl.
       Upper Cisokan Pumped                          PT. Hasfarm Dian       Access Road, Base Camp and
       Storage Hydro Power Plant                     Konsultan              Transmission Line
       Project
                                                     PT. Kwarsa Hexagon
 4.    Engineering Services for Pre-   Dec 2012      Sinotech               Revised Detailed Design (DD
       Construction             and    to Sep 2017   Hydrochina             2013)
       Construction Phases of Upper                  PT. Hasfarm Dian       Revised Bid Documents
       Cisokan Pumped Storage                        Konsultan
       Power Plant Project
                                                     PT. Indra Karya
 5.    Watershed      Management       Jul 2012 to   PT. Geotrav Bhuana     Estimating Flow Discharge
       Study           (Watershed      Sep 2013      Survey                 Estimating and Calculation of
       Management) Upper Cisokan                                            Erosion Rate
       to Support Upper Cisokan                                             Laboratory Test of Suspended
       Pumped Storage                                                       Load and Bed Load
 6.    Engineering Services for        Dec 2018      PT. Gama Epsilon       Estimating Flow Discharged
       Measuring    Discharge in       to   Nov                             Updating Rating Curve
       Cisokan River Using AWLR        2019
       PLTA Upper Cisokan
 7.    Engineering Services for        Oct 2019      Nippon Koei            Review and update hydrological
       Updating Detailed Design                      NEWJEC                 conditions
       and Preparing Construction                    PT.         Indokoei   Revised Detailed Design (DD
       Drawing of Upper Cisokan                      International          2017)
       Pumped Storage Power Plant
                                                     PT. Wiratman
       Projct




                                                                                                         109
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
There is no water level recorder or flow information from the upper or lower dam locations.
Cisokan River hydrology is this section is presented in two forms: 1) Flow measured
downstream at the Cisokan Weir (Cihea Irrigation Scheme) and 2) simulated flow at the lower
dam site based on Manglid station data (located downstream of the Cisokan Weir).

6.7.4 Cisokan River at the Cisokan Weir

In 2020, secondary data collection of the Cisokan River discharge and water retrieval was
carried out from data from the Cisokan Weir (Cihea Irrigation Scheme) from 2001-2020. The
data is carried out as an update of information and supported on hydrological data from
previous studies. The discharge of the Cisokan River at Cisokan Wier for 20 years is then
presented using an annual discharge graph (Figure 67) and flow duration curve (Figure 68).
results of Q95 analysis based on data in the Cisokan Weir is 0.66 m3/s, while the 7-days mean
low-flow average for 20 years shows a value an average of 1.04 m3/s.

The graphs indicate that the catchment is highly responsive to rainfall and recedes rapidly
following a rain event. The river sustains higher flow during the wet season and has long
periods of low flow during the dry season.

            200

            180

            160

            140

            120
   (m3/s)




            100

            80

            60

            40

            20

             0




                                                      Date

                                          Discharge          Low-Flow


Figure 67. Annual Flow Hydrograph, Cisokan River at the Cisokan Weir (Cihea Irrigation Scheme)
2001-2020




                                                                                           110
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 68. Flow Duration Curve Cisokan River at the Cisokan Weir (Cihea Irrigation Scheme) 2001-
2020

6.7.5 Cisokan River at the UCPS Lower Dam

In 2019, renewal of hydrological studies was carried out with the aim of confirming the
suitability of the hydrological conditions used for: 1) hydraulic design of the dam 2) diversion
channels and temporary holding weirs 3) sedimentation and 4) inundation procedures (PLN
Enjiniring/Nippon Koei/Newjec Inc./Indokoei International/Wiratman, 2019b). The
detailed dam design is being adapted to the latest hydrological and reservoir sedimentation
analysis. The hydrological study in 2019 uses discharge data at the Manglid station which is
then converted into a flow duration curve for the lower dam site, based on the ratio between
the Manglid station's watershed and the watershed at the lower dam. This is illustrated in
Figure 69.




Figure 69. Estimated Flow Duration Curve Hydrograph of Cisokan River at the Lower Dam site,
based on Manglid Station Data

                                                                                            111
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Table 22. Estimated Average Monthly Mean Flow Cisokan River at the Lower Dam site, based on
Manglid Station Data

              Dec     Jan     Feb       Mar     Apr     May     Jun    Jul    Aug    Sep       Oct    Nov     Annual
              Wet Season                                        Dry Season
 Average      20.76   15.82   24.05     25.45   27.20   18.10   9.94   6.70   4.58   6.54      8.56   19.81   15.55
 m3/s
 Seasonal                             21.90                                             9.36
 Average
 m3/s



The range of average monthly mean flow is estimated from 4.58m3/s in August (dry season)
to 27.20m3/s in April, near the end of the wet season, and the annual average monthly mean
flow is estimated at 15.55m3/s. The median flow is approximately 11.4 m 3/s (based on 185
days) and 97 percentile is 1.7m3/s.

6.7.6 Flood Discharge

Flood discharge at the upper and lower dam sites has been calculated based on the maximum
daily rainfall from rainfall station data near the project area (Sindang Kerta and Montoya
stations) using the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) approach (PLN Enjiniring/Nippon
Koei/Newjec Inc./Indokoei International/Wiratman, 2019b). The flood discharge probability
then estimated based on the probability of rain in the upper and lower dams using the
hydrograph unit analysis using HEC-HMS software, so that the flood discharge values are
obtained for the return period from 2 years up to 10,000 years as in Table 23.




Table 23. Probability of Flood Discharge at Any of Return Period in Upper and Lower Dam

It is common for the Cirumamis River at the upper dam to experience flows of over 40m3/s
during rain events but rarely over 100m3/s. It is common for the Cisokan River at the lower
dam to experience flows of over 170m3/s, which indicates large annual variations between
low flow and high flow in response to rain events. The data shows that occasionally flood
flows will exceed 450 – 500m3/s. The 10,000 peak flood flow at the lower dam is estimated at
1,430m3/s.


6.8 Downstream Users of Cisokan River
The downstream areas through which the Cisokan river flows are Salamnunggal,
Panyusuhan, and Cikondang. After these three villages, the Cikondang River enters the
Cisokan River. The location of the Cikondang River entry into the Cisokan River is shown in
Figure 70.

                                                                                                               112
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Because of the high cliffs of the Cisokan River only a handful of people have direct access to
the Cisokan River either for fishing or as a means of access clean water needs. The
communities in the three villages only access the Cisokan river during the dry season for
bathing and washing purposes, while during the rainy season people do not access the
Cisokan river water directly. The large discharge and high-water level of the Cisokan River
during the rainy season are a safety concern for the community in using the Cisokan River.
The surrounding community used to catch fish from the river, but not for commercial
purposes. Peoples use nets, fishing lines and electric fishing gear to catch small amounts of
fish. The community's location which is closer to the Cirata Reservoir makes fishermen more
interested in fishing in the Cirata dam compared to the Cisokan River.

The main use of the Cisokan River downstream of the lower dam is as a source of irrigation
water for the Cihea Irrigation Area (DI). The Cisokan River water flow is utilized by the
Cisokan Dam (local people call it the Cisuru Weir) where water is channeled into the Cihea
irrigation as the main source of irrigation for 5,484 hectares of paddy fields in Cianjur Regency
(Figure 71). The Cisokan Dam (Cisuru Weir) (Figure 72), is about 3 km downstream of the
UCPS lower dam.




Figure 70. The meeting point of the Cisokan River and the Cikondang River in the Downstream
Village of the Cisokan River

Cisokan River is channeled to the Cihea irrigation scheme through the Cisokan Dam. Field
observations in 2020 show that along the primary irrigation channel of Cihea many people
use irrigation water that passes in front of their houses, not only for agricultural needs but
also for daily needs such as bathing and washing.

The current operational system of the Cisokan Dam in the dry season is to divert all of the
Cisokan River water flow to the Cihea scheme so that no water is left to flow through the weir
                                                                                             113
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
body. The Cisokan River can remain dry until the confluence between the Cisokan River and
the Cikondang River. In the rainy season with high water flow, the intake to the Cihea scheme
is opened gradually in accordance with the conditions of the Cisokan River flow. The
withdrawal of water during the rainy/flood season is at the maximum capacity of the
irrigation channel. These conditions are shown in Figure 72.

The Cihea irrigation scheme has an area of 5,484 ha. Based on the organizational structure, the
water user farmer association (P3A) in Cihea consists of 1 (one) IP3A parent, namely IP3A
Tirta Mulya Rezeki, 3 (three) P3A Combined namely Group I Titra Walatra, Group II Karya
Sejahtera and Group III Sabandasariksa. The number of P3A partners in the Cihea irrigation
area is 82 partners, with details of Group I as many as 21 partners, Group II consisting of 27
partners and Group III consisting of 24 partners. The irrigation area for group I P3A was 1,863
ha, Group II was 1,852 ha and Group III was 1,769 ha.




Figure 71. Cisokan Weir (Cihea Scheme)




Figure 72. Cisokan Dam (Cihea Irrigation Scheme) (left) Dry Season (September, 2020) and (right)
Flood Season (March, 2020)

The e-flow rate at UCPS will be greatly influenced by the water demand from the Cihea
Irrigation Scheme. Discharge from UCPS must meet the needs of the Cihea Irrigation Scheme
both in the rainy season and in the dry season as the main beneficiary of the Cisokan River,
with the main objective of agriculture.



                                                                                             114
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
The observations made at the Manglid discharge observation station and the Cisokan Dam
during 2015-2018 provide some information about variations in water discharge at the
Cisokan Dam, as follow (PLN Enjiniring/Nippon Koei/Newjec Inc./Indokoei
International/Wiratman, 2019b):

1.    When the discharge at Manglid station was zero (i.e., 23-29 Oct 2015), intake in Cihea
      scheme was recorded at least 0.22 m3/s.
2.    Cisokan weir takes up about 80% of the flow rate, when the discharge at Manglid station
      is less than 1 m3/s.
3.    Cisokan weir takes up about 50% of the flow rate, when the discharge at Manglid station
      ranges from 1 - 5 m3/s.

Discharge data at Manglid Station and Cisokan weir in 2015-2018 shows that there is a
correlation between the measured daily discharge value of the Cisokan River at Manglid
Station and water intake for Cihea scheme. The withdrawal of water for Cihea scheme will
decrease according to the main flow conditions of the Cisokan River to a minimum of 0.22
m3/s in the dry season. In addition, water extraction for Cihea scheme is only around 50% of
the main flow rate of the Cisokan River in other seasons.

In 2020, secondary data was collected from observations of discharge at the Cisokan Dam
from 2001 to 2020 (August 2020) (Figure 73). Data of runoff discharge in the weir body and
uptake discharge to the irrigation channel are then analyzed and presented in the following
Figure. In accordance with information in the 2019 study, there is an adjustment in discharge
intake for irrigation channels along with a decrease in discharge in the main flow of the
Cisokan River. From July to the end of September, the picture shows a decrease in the trend
of water intake for irrigation channels. The lowest value is at the end of August to the
beginning of September.


                  45,000

                  40,000

                  35,000

                  30,000
      liter/sec




                  25,000

                  20,000

                  15,000

                  10,000

                   5,000

                      0
                       1-Jan   1-Feb   1-Mar   1-Apr   1-May    1-Jun    1-Jul   1-Aug    1-Sep       1-Oct   1-Nov   1-Dec

                                                 Rata-Rata Debit Limpasan Bendung Cisokan 2001-2020
                                                 Rata-Rata Debit masuk Irigasi Cihea 2001-2020
                                                 Debit Total Sungai Cisokan 2001-2020


Figure 73. Average Cisokan River Discharge and Cihea Scheme Intake at 2001-2020

Based on these data, information was obtained about the need for irrigation water in Cihea in
the rainy season with rice as the main crop requiring water with a maximum discharge of 7.13
m3/s, the dry season (July - October) of 2.67 m3/s. The lowest retrieval value (above zero due



                                                                                                                              115
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
to data error or missing) is 0.22 m3/s. The Cisokan River discharge has a minimum value of
1.31 m3/s and a maximum discharge up to 180.96 m3/s.

Figure 74 shows a graph of water uptake at the Cisokan Dam from 2001-2015. Water
withdrawal is at a maximum at 6-7 m3/s at several points. Water withdrawal also decreases
gradually starting at the end of May to the end of September. If we look in more detail, during
the 2001-2015 period, there was always a data gap in September (Figure 74). This is due to the
annual maintenance of the weir. Weir maintenance is carried out from sediment dredging to
underground channel inspection in the Cisokan Weir Primary Channel. Coinciding with that
moment, there are local community traditional activities which are always celebrated at the
Cisokan Dam on the same date. These local activities will be further discussed in the sub-
chapter on Cultural Heritage.




                                                                                           116
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
                                                                                                                                                                                   Q (l/s)                                                                Q (l/s)                                                               Q (l/s)




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               1000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               2000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               3000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               4000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               6000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               7000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               8000

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               5000




                                                                                                                                                                                       -
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              -
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1-Jan




                                                                                                                                                                                 1,000.00
                                                                                                                                                                                 2,000.00
                                                                                                                                                                                 3,000.00
                                                                                                                                                                                 5,000.00
                                                                                                                                                                                 6,000.00
                                                                                                                                                                                 7,000.00
                                                                                                                                                                                 8,000.00
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1,000.00
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2,000.00
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3,000.00
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4,000.00
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        7,000.00
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        8,000.00




                                                                                                                                                                                 4,000.00
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        5,000.00
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        6,000.00
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      8-Jan
                                                                                                                                                                        1-Jan                                                                  1-Jan                                                                15-Jan
                                                                                                                                                                        8-Jan                                                                  8-Jan                                                                22-Jan
                                                                                                                                                                      15-Jan                                                                 15-Jan                                                                 29-Jan
                                                                                                                                                                      22-Jan                                                                 22-Jan                                                                   5-Feb
                                                                                                                                                                      29-Jan                                                                 29-Jan                                                                 12-Feb
                                                                                                                                                                        5-Feb                                                                 5-Feb                                                                 19-Feb
                                                                                                                                                                      12-Feb                                                                 12-Feb                                                                 26-Feb
                                                                                                                                                                      19-Feb                                                                 19-Feb                                                                  4-Mar
                                                                                                                                                                      26-Feb                                                                 26-Feb                                                                11-Mar
                                                                                                                                                                       4-Mar                                                                  4-Mar                                                                18-Mar
                                                                                                                                                                     11-Mar                                                                 11-Mar




                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2006




                                                                                                                                                       2011
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     2001
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   25-Mar
                                                                                                                                                                     18-Mar                                                                 18-Mar                                                                    1-Apr
                                                                                                                                                                     25-Mar                                                                 25-Mar                                                                    8-Apr
                                                                                                                                                                        1-Apr                                                                 1-Apr                                                                 15-Apr
                                                                                                                                                                        8-Apr                                                                 8-Apr                                                                 22-Apr
                                                                                                                                                                      15-Apr                                                                 15-Apr                                                                 29-Apr
                                                                                                                                                                      22-Apr                                                                 22-Apr                                                                  6-May
                                                                                                                                                                      29-Apr                                                                 29-Apr




                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2007




                                                                                                                                                       2012
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     2002

                                                                                                                                                                       6-May                                                                 6-May                                                                 13-May
                                                                                                                                                                     13-May                                                                 13-May                                                                 20-May
                                                                                                                                                                     20-May                                                                 20-May                                                                 27-May
                                                                                                                                                                     27-May                                                                 27-May                                                                    3-Jun
                                                                                                                                                                        3-Jun                                                                  3-Jun                                                                10-Jun
                                                                                                                                                                      10-Jun                                                                 10-Jun                                                                 17-Jun
                                                                                                                                                                      17-Jun                                                                 17-Jun                                                                 24-Jun




                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2008




                                                                                                                                                       2013
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     2003




                                                                                                                                                                      24-Jun                                                                 24-Jun                                                                    1-Jul
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Date




                                                                                                                                                                         1-Jul                                                                  1-Jul                                                                  8-Jul




                                                                                            Figure 74. Cihea Scheme Water Intake Graph (2001 – 2015)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Date




                                                                                                                                                              Date
                                                                                                                                                                         8-Jul                                                                  8-Jul                                                                15-Jul
                                                                                                                                                                       15-Jul                                                                 15-Jul                                                                 22-Jul
                                                                                                                                                                       22-Jul                                                                 22-Jul                                                                 29-Jul
                                                                                                                                                                       29-Jul                                                                 29-Jul                                                                 5-Aug
                                                                                                                                                                       5-Aug                                                                  5-Aug




                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2009




                                                                                                                                                       2014
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     2004




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   12-Aug
                                                                                                                                                                     12-Aug                                                                 12-Aug                                                                 19-Aug
                                                                                                                                                                     19-Aug                                                                 19-Aug                                                                 26-Aug




                                                                                                                                                                                             Cihea Irrigation Scheme Intake
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Cihea Irrigation Scheme Intake




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Cihea Irrigation Scheme Intake




                                                                                                                                                                     26-Aug                                                                 26-Aug                                                                    2-Sep
                                                                                                                                                                        2-Sep                                                                 2-Sep                                                                   9-Sep
                                                                                                                                                                        9-Sep                                                                 9-Sep                                                                 16-Sep
                                                                                                                                                                      16-Sep                                                                 16-Sep                                                                 23-Sep
                                                                                                                                                                      23-Sep                                                                 23-Sep



                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2010




                                                                                                                                                       2015
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     2005




                                                                                                                                                                      30-Sep                                                                 30-Sep                                                                 30-Sep
                                                                                                                                                                        7-Oct                                                                  7-Oct                                                                  7-Oct




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
                                                                                                                                                                      14-Oct                                                                 14-Oct                                                                 14-Oct
                                                                                                                                                                      21-Oct                                                                 21-Oct                                                                 21-Oct
                                                                                                                                                                      28-Oct                                                                 28-Oct                                                                 28-Oct
                                                                                                                                                                       4-Nov                                                                  4-Nov                                                                  4-Nov
                                                                                                                                                                     11-Nov                                                                 11-Nov                                                                 11-Nov
                                                                                                                                                                     18-Nov                                                                 18-Nov                                                                 18-Nov
                                                                                                                                                                     25-Nov                                                                 25-Nov                                                                 25-Nov
                                                                                                                                                                       2-Dec                                                                  2-Dec                                                                  2-Dec
                                                                                                                                                                       9-Dec                                                                  9-Dec                                                                  9-Dec
                                                                                                                                                                      16-Dec                                                                16-Dec                                                                  16-Dec
                                                                                                                                                                      23-Dec                                                                23-Dec                                                                  23-Dec
                                                                                                                                                                      30-Dec                                                                30-Dec                                                                  30-Dec




                                                                                      117
6.9 Surface Water Quality
Water quality observations were carried out every semester from 2012 to 2019. Water quality
observations were carried out on the Cirumamis River, Cilengkong River and the Cisokan
River which are the main rivers of UCPS. Other observations were made on the Cijambu River
along the access road as well as several other rivers with the aim of obtaining more complete
information regarding the flow in the catchment area of each river. Water quality
measurements were carried out in May (semester I) and October (semester II). Meanwhile,
data on the water quality of the Cirendeu river were obtained from the revised document for
the 2011 UCPS Hydroelectric AMDAL. The location of river water quality observations is
shown in Figure 75.




Figure 75. Location of Water Quality Observation Points (blue triangles)

The parameters monitored refer to the quality standards of West Java Regional Regulation
Number 39 of 2000 concerning water designation and water quality standards for the Citarum
River and its tributaries in West Java. The results of water quality measurements in the
Cisokan River and several tributaries are generally still below the established quality
standards. Measurement of river water quality in the project area is carried out twice a year,
this is to obtain an overview of the condition of surface water quality for one year, namely at
the beginning of the rainy season and the beginning of the dry season. Two data from water
quality measurements are averaged to obtain the annual average value for each sampling
location. In detail, the average water quality from 2012-2019 surface water of the Cisokan
River and several of its tributaries is presented in Table 24.

Table 24. Average Water Quality in Rivers Around UCPS. Orange colours indicate parameters that
locally exceed the government thresholds

                                                                                                        Down-
                                                                                 Down-
                                                                      Upstream             Upstream     stream
 Parameters      Unit   Standard   Cireundeu   Cilengkong   Cijambu              stream
                                                                      Cisokan              Cirumamis    Ciru-
                                                                                 Cisokan
                                                                                                        mamis

 Physical Parameter

 Turbidity       NTU    -          10          17.505       95.03     126.34     131.39    258.655      244.9

 Temperature     C      -          26,1        26.9         25.75     26.65      26.6      27.45        26.95
 Air
                                   -           30.45        29.3      30.75      30.75     31           31
 Temperature     C

                                                                                                       118
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
                                                                                                         Down-
                                                                                  Down-
                                                                       Upstream             Upstream     stream
 Parameters       Unit   Standard   Cireundeu   Cilengkong   Cijambu              stream
                                                                       Cisokan              Cirumamis    Ciru-
                                                                                  Cisokan
                                                                                                         mamis

 Color            PtCo   -          -           15           32.5      15         22.5      20           15
 Total                              7,6
 Suspended        mg/                           114.5        31        532        141.5     29.5         28.5
 Solids (TSS)     L
 Total                              192
 Dissolved        mg/                           117          202       174.5      448       498          2209
 Solids (TDS)     L      1000
 Electrical       us/c              -
                                                169.255      261.4     144.45     120.5     161.9        327.15
 Conductivity     m      2250
 Chemical Parameter
                  mg/
                                    -           0            0         0.0071     0         0.27         0
 Mercury (Hg)     L      0.001
 Phospat          mg/
                                    -           0.044        0.04      0.038      0.078     0.140        0.799
 Dissolved        L
 Amonia           mg/
                                    -           0.056        1.514     1.308      1.030     1.232        1.364
 (NH3)            L      0.02
                  mg/
                                    -           3.8          3.45      4.2        3.2       3.2          3.95
 Nitrogen Total   L
                  mg/
                                    -           0            0.0002    0.0036     0.0006    0.0016       0.0011
 Arsen (As)       L      0.05
                  mg/
                                    -           0            0         0          0         0            0
 Barium (Ba)      L      1
                  mg/
                                    -           0.099        0.565     0.84       0.56      1.977        1.991
 Iron (Fe)        L      5
                  mg/
                                    -           0.0811       0.081     0.138      0.177     0.101        0.292
 Boron (B)        L      1
                  mg/
                                    -           0.574        0.538     0.603      0.425     0.370        0.579
 Flourida (F)     L      1.5
 Cadmium          mg/
                                    -           0.039        0.026     0.035      0.034     0.030        0.181
 (Cd)             L      0.01
                  mg/
                                    3,96        61.93        75.03     63.35      62.21     62.95        75.755
 Chlorida (Cl)    L      600
                  mg/
                                    -           0.06         0.255     0.16       0.16      0.045        0.52
 Chlorine (Cl2)   L      0.003
                  mg/
                                    -           0.011        0.016     0.016      0.0162    0.018        0.017
 Cobalt (Co)      L      0.2
 Chromium         mg/
                                    0,01        0.0062       0.01115   0.0084     0.02745   0.0164       0.037
 Valensi 6 (Cr)   L      0.05
                  mg/
                                    -           0.046        0.044     0.079      0.028     0.036        0.431
 Mangan (Mn)      L      0.5
 Natrium          mg/
                                    -           0            9.57      7.14       7.2       7.27         6.62
 (Alkali) (Na)    L      60
                  mg/
                                    -           0            0         0          0         0            0
 Nikel (Ni)       L      0.5
 Nitrat (NO3 -    mg/
                                    1,8         4.431        3.424     3.186      2.956     3.254        7.694
 N)               L      10
 Nitrit (NO2 +    mg/
                                    -           0.149        0.158     0.097      0.085     0.095        0.048
 N)               L      0.06
 Dissolve         mg/
                                    -           3.365        3.675     4.205      4.165     4.575        3.71
 Oxygen (DO)      L      >=3
                  mg/
                                    7,06        7.62         7.9245    7.941      7.9105    7.82         7.708
 pH               L      6-9



                                                                                                        119
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
                                                                                                          Down-
                                                                                   Down-
                                                                        Upstream             Upstream     stream
 Parameters       Unit    Standard   Cireundeu   Cilengkong   Cijambu              stream
                                                                        Cisokan              Cirumamis    Ciru-
                                                                                   Cisokan
                                                                                                          mamis

                  mg/
                                     -           0            0.0015    0.001      0.0025    0.0035       0.003
 Selenium (Se)    L       0.01
                  mg/
                                     0,03        0.13         0.061     0.038      0.214     0.083        0.045
 Seng (Zn)        L       0.02
                  mg/
                                     -           0.006        0.016     0.0275     0.005     0.005        0.0165
 Sianida (Cn)     L       0.02
                  mg/
                                     -           0            26.26     12.82      8.151     6.28         10.052
 Sulfat (SO4)     L       400
                  mg/
                                     0.09        0.305        0.232     0.0372     0.01335   0.02295      0.0507
 Sulfida (H2S)    L       0.1
                  mg/
                                     -           0.010        0.012     0.011      0.023     0.009        0.078
 Copper (Cu)      L       0.1
                  mg/
                                     -           0.160        0.254     0.030      0.043     0.053        0.125
 Lead (Pb)        L       0.1
 Hardness         mg/
                                     -           85.72        157       213.36     150.104   137          193.08
 Total (CaCo3)    L
                  mg/
                                     -           0            0.274     0.3        0.155     0.2          0.2
 Phenol           L       0.02
                  mg/
                                     -           2            1.835     2.335      2         2.5          1.5
 Oil and Fat      L       0
 Methylene
 Blue   Active    mg/                -           0            0.03      0.09       0         0.055        0
 Compound         L       0.5
                  mg/
                                     1,45        25.715       25.77     28.6       19.965    15.85        19.8
 BOD              L       6
                  mg/
                                     30,31       46.122       46.136    76.724     43.107    41.366       50.185
 COD              L       10
 Detergent        mg/
                                     -           0.2079       0.22      0.205      0.23515   0.145        0.165
 (MBAS)           L       0
 Microbiology Parameter
                  Jml/
                  1000               -           124.5        472.5     757        1157.5    861.5        561.5
 Fecal Coliform   ml      2000
                  Jml/
                  1000               -           507          1381.5    2171.5     2169.5    1335         1342
 Total Coliform   ml      10000
Standard: West Java Governor Decree No. 39 year 2000



The results of the measurement of water quality physical parameters show that all sample
locations or water bodies in the project area are below the quality standard set by the Governor
of West Java, however, there are parameters that have a value greater than the quality
standard, for example: TSS. As for water quality based on chemical parameters, almost all of
them showed lower values except for BOD, COD and DO values which indicated pollution
had occurred because they were above the quality standard.

The results of the surface water quality analysis of several rivers whose water samples were
generally below the quality standard, however, there were some that were above the quality
standard, especially with regard to the key parameters of domestic waste. Key parameters
with regard to domestic waste include COD, BOD, TSS.



                                                                                                         120
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
The results of the BOD and COD analysis show that the BOD and COD values have exceeded
the quality standards set for all measurement locations (Figure 76), but in detail there are
fluctuations every year and there are several measurements below the quality standard. In
detail, the graph of the BOD contamination values in water bodies in several river flows in the
UCPS Cisokan area on average between 2012-2019 is presented in Figure 77.


           35
                                                 28,6
           30       25,715        25,77
           25
                                                              19,965                  19,8
    mg/L




           20                                                               15,85
           15
           10
           5
           0




Figure 76. Average value of BOD Contamination in different river areas

The results of the surface water quality analysis at the project site show that BOD in the Lower
(Downstream) Cisokan River shows the highest BOD content, even though all observation
points are above the quality standard (Figure 77).




Figure 77. Annual fluctuations in BOD Value between 2012 and 2019 on the River in the Study
Area

The results of river water quality analysis for BOD parameters show that all rivers are above
the BOD concentration threshold required in the Governor's regulation. The highest average
BOD value is found in the Upper Cisokan River. The high BOD values are likely caused by

                                                                                              121
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
organic waste material primarily from domestic waste and fertilizer run off. This condition
shows that domestic waste management has not been managed properly, including the
provision of toilets and the culture of disposing of waste into rivers is still quite large.

The value of COD contamination in the river body around UCPS in relation to the government
benchmark is shown in Figure 78.




Figure 78. Value of COD in the River Basin Around UCPS

Graph of COD values for each measurement from 2012-2019 in the rivers around UCPS is
shown in Figure 79.




Figure 79. COD Value for 2012 - 2019 on the River in the Study Area



                                                                                        122
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
The parameters of BOD and COD during the years 2012-2019 showed fluctuations in the
values of all rivers in the study area. From 2015 to 2016, the values of BOD and COD in all
rivers increased until they exceeded the established quality standards. The value falls again
and then fluctuates again. Dissolved oxygen (DO) content in several rivers in the study area
is in good condition, indicated by values that are above the quality standard. The higher the
DO value compared to the quality standard, the better the condition of the waters in the area.
The guideline belonging to the West Java Provincial Government states that the required
value of dissolved oxygen is more than 3. In detail, the DO value graph is presented in Figure
80.




Figure 80. Dissolved Oxygen Value 2012 - 2019 in the River in the Study Area

Figure 80 shows that the Dissolved Oxygen value is generally still above the minimum
threshold, but generally has a downward trend. In 2015 and 2016 the Dissolved Oxygen value
was below the threshold, this was greatly influenced by the waste flowing into water bodies,
especially domestic waste, this could be seen from the high BOD and COD values. High BOD
and COD values indicate low Dissolved Oxygen values, because Dissolved Oxygen
availability is used for microorganism metabolism.




Figure 81. Observations of Dissolved Solids Values 2012-2019 in the River Around the Project Area

                                                                                             123
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
The value of Total Dissolve Solids (TDS) or total dissolved solids indicates the amount of salt
and minerals that dissolve in water. The results of environmental monitoring for 2012-2019
show that the level of dissolved solids in several rivers in the study area is mostly below the
quality standard set by the West Java Provincial Government (Figure 81).

The results of the TDS measurement show that in 2018 semester II (November measurement)
the TDS value was far beyond the quality standard threshold, this happened in the Lower
Cirumamis River, but then came back below the set quality standard.

The 2011 EIA report stated that there were illegal gold mining activities near the study area.
The results of monitoring of the mercury content in several rivers around the UCPS area
showed that the mercury content in the Cirumamis and Cisokan rivers passed the quality
standards set in 2013. The mercury content in the river strongly decreased in 2015-2017, until
the results of monitoring in 2018- 2019 shows that the mercury content in the rivers in the
study area has remained low (Figure 82).




Figure 82. Observations of Mercury (Hg) Value 2012-2019 in the River Around the Project Area

Based on the results of the identification of the abundance of aquatic biota using the
dominance index, it was found that the study location indicated that there had been mild-
moderate-severe pollution. The level of contamination depends on the dominance index value
of each parameter. The parameters used in calculating the dominance index are plankton,
phytoplankton, and benthos. The phytoplankton dominance index shows that the sample
location is still in a light polluting condition, but if the analysis uses the Bantos approach, the
study location is included in the moderate-heavy category. This was possible because the
sampling method/ technique used did not match the characteristics of the location. The level
of pollution based on the abundance of aquatic biota using the dominance index is shown in
Table 25.

.




                                                                                               124
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Table 25. Pollution Level based on the Dominance Index of Aquatic Biota

                                            Year
 River name                Parameters                                                                             min      max     average   Conclusion on pollution level
                                            2012   2013    2014     2015      2016     2017     2018     2019

                           Phytoplankton                            0.455     0.894    0.8085   0.891    0.8535   0.215    0.916   0.5655    moderate
                           Zooplankton                              0.7495    0.7865   0.44     0.79     0.859    0.082    0.938   0.51      moderate-heavy
 Cilengkong
                           Plankton                                 0.287     0.4905   0.127    0.082    0.8875   0.063    0.918   0.4905    moderate-heavy
                           Bentos                                   0.693     1.649    1.0125   1.332    1.43     0        1.748   0.874     mild
                           Phytoplankton           0                0.41      0.779    0.7835   0.8175   0.869    0        0.918   0.459     moderate-heavy
                           Zooplankton             0                0.41      0.779    0.7835   0.8175   0.869    0        0.918   0.459     moderate-heavy
 Cijambu
                           Plankton                0.76             0.32985   0.491    0.0845   0.069    0.904    0.066    0.938   0.502     moderate-heavy
                           Bentos                  1.543            0.693     1.4925   1.0935   1.512    1.43     0        1.543   0.7715    moderate
                           Phytoplankton           0.59             0.5421    0.8935   0.8405   0.9325   0.8965   0.215    0.935   0.575     moderate
                           Zooplankton             0                0.7835    0.7425   0.8255   0.795    0.854    0        0.878   0.439     moderate-heavy
 Upstream Cisokan
                           Plankton                0.64             0.21095   0.486    0.0835   0.055    0.9235   0.055    0.927   0.491     moderate-heavy
                           Bentos                  0.994            1.1353    1.7145   1.359    1.325    1.04     0.6616   1.82    1.2408    mild
                           Phytoplankton           0.74             0.50985   0.8415   0.8885   0.8915   0.8405   0.215    0.91    0.5625    moderate
                           Zooplankton             0.72             0.75685   0.747    0.823    0.9935   0.8195   0.639    1       0.8195    mild
 Downstream Cisokan
                           Plankton                0.79    1.9285   0.232     0.9045   0.0705   0.107    0.9045   0.064    0.931   0.4975    moderate-heavy
                           Bentos                  1.401            1.1353    1.077    1.3245   1.3305   1.1      0.6616   1.609   1.1353    mild
                           Phytoplankton           0.66             0.5664    0.846    0.855    0.909    0.856    0.31     0.935   0.6225    moderate
                           Zooplankton             0.5              0.5955    0.7565   0.7885   0.81     0.879    0.5      0.938   0.719     moderate
 Upstream Cirumamis
                           Plankton                0.73    1.632    0.4155    0.488    0.098    0.067    0.899    0.055    0.9     0.4775    moderate-heavy
                           Bentos                  1.476            1.4453    1.728    1.1215   1.216    1.04     0.693    1.906   1.2995    mild
                           Phytoplankton           0.61             0.6651    0.807    0.798    0.9115   0.843    0.594    0.92    0.757     moderate
                           Zooplankton             0.67             0.632     0.7485   0.774    0.748    0.866    0.48     0.922   0.701     moderate
 Downstream Cirumamis
                           Plankton                0.7              0.4775    0.4655   0.133    0.077    0.9075   0.077    0.925   0.501     moderate-heavy
                           Bentos                  1.543            0.693     1.286    1.127    0.865    1.1      0        1.561   0.7805    moderate



                                                                                                                                                                       125
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
6.10 Erosion and Sedimentation
Erosion in the Cisokan sub-watershed was measured in 1991-1992, then continued in 2000-
2001 at the Manglid observation station and the observation point in Cibule Village,
Karangnunggal Village.

The calculation of watershed erosion-sedimentation, especially for erosion-sedimentation of
the upper and lower dam, was carried out again in 2013 to obtain the predicted erosion-
sedimentation that occurred. The sedimentation calculation is approximated by an erosion
model from two watersheds that are similar and associated with sedimentation that occurs
from the control watershed. The watershed used as a comparison is the watershed that flows
into the Saguling reservoir. Observations in the control watershed and Cisokan Basin were
erosion using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) erosion prediction (PLN-Geotrav
Buanan Survey) and sedimentation using bathymetric measurements in the Saguling
reservoir. The results of the analysis between erosion and sedimentation are made in the form
of a graph of the relationship between erosion and sedimentation which is presented in Figure
83.




Figure 83. Relationship Between Sedimentation and River Discharge

Estimated analysis of soil erosion and sedimentation is carried out by considering factors of
rainfall, soil erobility, slope, land use and land management using the USLE method resulting
in an erosion rate of 1.643 mm/year.

The sedimentation rate in the sub-watershed locations around the Cisokan sub-watershed
shows almost the same range, namely the Cihaur sub-watershed (0.199 mm/year), Citamiang
sub-watershed (0.170 mm/year), Ciawitali 2 sub-watershed (0.118 mm/year) and Cibojong
Sub-watershed (01,100 mm/year). The latest sedimentation and erosion data were
approximated using bathymetric measurements in the Saguling Dam.
                                                                                         126
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
To mitigate more specifically on smaller land units, spatial modeling of the distribution of
potential erosion at the project site points around the UCPS area was carried out. Modeling is
done by overlaying several supporting maps to determine the rate of erosion and potential
for erosion during the construction and operation of the project. In general, the existing
erosion conditions in the project area are categorized as very light erosion. The distribution of
erosion under existing conditions is presented in Figure 84.




Figure 84. Existing Potential Erosion in the UCPS Project Area


6.11 Groundwater
6.11.1 Groundwater levels

Groundwater level measurements were carried out at several points at the UCPS site.
Continuously measurements were made at 4 points in the area around UCPS, namely at
Cibule hamlet, Karangnunggal Village, Cibima hamlet, Sukaresmi Village, Bojongpari hamlet
Karangsari Village, Babakan hamlet Sarinagen Village. The measurement locations are shown
in Figure 86.

Overall groundwater level data is obtained from UCPS monitoring documents, in the 2007
AMDAL and EIA 2011 documents, no water level data is available. The results of
groundwater level monitoring at locations around UCPS are shown in Figure 87.




                                                                                             127
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 85. Groundwater Level Monitoring Results

In general, changes in the average groundwater level at all monitoring points at UCPS tend
to fluctuate. However, in general the results of monitoring every 6 months show seasonal
changes that occur less than 1 meter. Based on the monitoring results, it is known that the
condition of the groundwater level is still relatively up and down every year, this means that
the condition is still influenced by the natural conditions of the local area so that the
construction of the new access road did not have a significant effect on the decrease in the
quantity of groundwater.




Figure 86. Groundwater Level Monitoring Location




                                                                                          128
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 87. Groundwater Level Monitoring Results

The condition for the quantity of groundwater that is likely to be affected during the
construction of UCPS is in locations close to water sources for project needs such as locations
near workers' camps. So that monitoring efforts need to be carried out at these locations
during project activities.

6.11.2 Groundwater Quality

Groundwater quality data were obtained from the 2007 UCPS PLTA ANDAL documents and
monitoring reports up to 2019. In general, water quality monitoring is carried out twice a year
at the locations of water wells around UCPS, but the changing monitoring locations cause not
all locations to have trend data. The locations where groundwater quality measurements have
been carried out are shown in Figure 88.




Figure 88. Groundwater Quality Sampling Locations

                                                                                           129
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
The results of water quality testing in Sukaresmi Village, Karangsari Village, Cijambu Village,
Bojongsalam Village, Cinenga Village, and Karangnunggal Village in general for chemical
parameters showed good conditions and were still below the Indonesian government
standard. However, it was found that the level of turbidity was above the quality standard in
the villages of Cinenga and Karangnunggal and the levels of total coliform were found that
were above the quality standard in the village of Sukaresmi. The complete water quality
conditions of each parameter are shown in Table 26.

.




                                                                                           130
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Table 26. Groundwater Quality at Several Monitoring Locations Around the UCPS Project Area. Orange colours indicate where the parameters exceed
the threshold set by the government standard

                                                                                                               Kp.Longkop               Kp.Cibule
                                                                          Sukaresmi   Karangsari   Cijambu                   Cinenga
                                                                                                               Bojongsalam              Karangnunggal
                                                                          Village     Village      Village                   Village
                                                                                                               Village                  Village
                                          Standard            Standard
 Parameter                    Unit                                        2007        2010         2010        2013          2013       2013
                                          (1)                 (2)
                                                                                                   Revisi
                                                                                      Revisi
                                                                          NewJec                   Amdal,      RKL-RPL       RKL-RPL    RKL-RPL
                                                                                      Amdal,2011
                                                                                                   2011
 Physical
 Odor                         -           Odorless            -                       odorless     Odorless    Odorless      Odorless   Odorless
 Dissolved Solid              mg/l        1000                -           390         344          360         123           63         295
 Turbidity                    NTU         5                   -           0,61        0,8          12,5        2,28          6,57       5,45
 Flavour                      -           Tasteless           -           -           testeless    testeless   -             -          -
                                          Ambient Water
                              C                               -           26          25           28,2        -             -          -
 Temperature                              Temperature ± 3°C
 Colour                       TCU         15                  -           <5          2,38         27,78       -             -          -
 conductivity                 Us/cm       -                   -           -           -            -           170,6         92,1       193,6
 Chemistry
 Hg                           mg/l        0,001               -           -           -            -           -             -          -
 Arsenic                      mg/l        0,05                0,01        -           -            -           -             -          -
 Fe                           mg/l        1                   -           <0.02                                0,38          0,75       0,72
 Copper                       mg/l        -                   -           0,06        -            -           -             -          -
 Fluoride                     mg/l        1,5                 -           0,006       -            -           0,09          0,21       0,29
 Cadmium                      mg/l        0,005               0,003       -           -            -           -             -          -
 Chloride                     mg/l        600                 -           4,5         -            -           15,9          8,45       27,83
 Chromium, val. 6             mg/l        0,05                0,05        <0.01       -            -           -             -          -
 Mangan                       mg/l        0,5                 -           <0.005      -            -           < 0,006       < 0,006    < 0,006
 Nitrat, N                    mg/l        10                  10          2,2         -            -           8,177         2,304      2,99
 Nitrit, N                    mg/l        1                   10          0,001       -            -           < 0,004       < 0,004    < 0,004
 pH                           -           6-8                 -           8,38        -            -           5,7           5,4        6,57
 Selenium                     mg/l        0,01                0,01        -           -            -           -             -          -


                                                                                                                                                        131
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
                                                                                                                  Kp.Longkop              Kp.Cibule
                                                                            Sukaresmi      Karangsari   Cijambu                 Cinenga
                                                                                                                  Bojongsalam             Karangnunggal
                                                                            Village        Village      Village                 Village
                                                                                                                  Village                 Village
                                           Standard            Standard
 Parameter                     Unit                                         2007           2010         2010      2013          2013      2013
                                           (1)                 (2)
                                                                                                        Revisi
                                                                                           Revisi
                                                                            NewJec                      Amdal,    RKL-RPL       RKL-RPL   RKL-RPL
                                                                                           Amdal,2011
                                                                                                        2011
 Zinc                          mg/l        15                  -            0,2            -            -         -             -         -
 Sianida                       mg/l        0,1                 -            -              -            -         -             -         -
 Sulphat                       mg/l        400                              5,52                                  3,47          6,98      33,95
 Pb                            mg/l        0,05                0,01         -              -            -         -             -         -
 Organic                       mg/l        -                   -            -              -            -         2,55          5,54      4,04
 Sulfida                       mg/l        -                                0,006          -            -         -             -         -
 Deterjen                      mg/l        0,5                                                                    0,299         0,23      0,46
 Kesadahan Total (CaCO3)       mg/l        -                   -            -              -            -         70            54        169
 Alumunium                     mg/l        -                   -            -              -            -         -             -         -
 Nilai Permanganat (KMnO4)     mg/l        10                  -            -              <0,03        <0,03     2,55          5,54      4,04
 Sisa Klor                     mg/l        -                   -            -              -            -         < 0,1         < 0,1     < 0,1
 Biological
                               MNP
 Total Coliform                Index/100   0                   -            75             -            -         -             -         -
                               ml
                               MNP
 E.Coli                        Index/100   -                   -            -              -            -         -             -         -
                               ml
*1) PerMenKes No: 416/Men-Kes/PER/IX/1990
 2) Gov Japan Ministry of Environment Environmental Quality Standards for Groundwater Pollution




                                                                                                                                                          132
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Table 27. Groundwater Quality at Multiple Monitoring Locations Around the UCPS Project Area (Continued)

                                                                                                                                                           Mr.A
                                                                                                                                                           min
                                                                                                                                                 Water     Kp                 Kp.Bab
                                                                                                                                                                    Mr.Cah
                                                                                                                                                 springs   Baba               akan
                                                                                                                                                                    yo
                                                     Example house Sarinangen Village                     Engineering service office             Kp.Le     kan                Sarinag
                              Standard     Standar                                                                                                                  Kp.Ci
 Parameter            Unit                                                                                                                       mbur      Cime               en
                              (1)          d (2)                                                                                                                    mega
                                                                                                                                                 Sawah     ga                 Village
                                                                                                                                                           Villag
                                                                                                                                                           e
                                                     2014              2015              2016             2017             2018                  2019      2019     2019      2019
                                                     May      Oct      May     Oct       May      Oct     May     Oct      May             OCt   Apr       Apr      Apr       Oct
 Physical
                                                              Odorl    Odorl   Odorl     Odorl    Odorl   Odorl   Odorl    Odorle      Odorles   odorles   Odorl    odorles   Odorles
 Odor                 -       odorless     -         =
                                                              ess      ess     ess       ess      ess     ess     ess      ss          s         s         ess      s         s
 Dissolved Solid      mg/l    1000         -         344      240      200     290       300      150     215     215      89          250       362       112      340       16
 Turbidity            NTU     5            -         0,02     0,067    0,63    2,38      2,99     0,67    0,55    0,62     4,12        1,03      1,55      64,5     3,83      0,54
                              tidak                  Tastel   Tastel
 Flavour              -                    -                           -       -         -        -       -       -        -           -         -         -        -         -
                              berasa                 ess      ess
                              suhu udara
 Temperature          C                    -         26,7     26,2     26      26,6      26,6     25,3    27      27,1     25,7        25,4      26,8      25,8     25,8      24,9
                              ± 3°C
 Colour               TCU     15           -         1        1        5       5         5        <5      5       5        5           5         5         10       5         5
 Daya        Hantar
                      Us/cm   -            -         -        -        -       -         -        -       -       -        -           -         -         -        -         -
 Listrik
                                                                                      Chemistry
                                                     <        <0.00            <0.01     <0.01    <0.01   <0.01   <0.00    <0,000
 Hg                           0,001        -                           <0.02                                                           -         -         -        -         -
                      mg/l                           0,004    4                5         54       54      320     04       4
                                                                       <0.01   <0.00     <0.00    0,022
 Arsen                        0,05         0,01      < 0,01   <0.02                                       -       -        -           -         -         -        -         -
                      mg/l                                             94      9         912      85
                                                                                         2,562    0,096   <0.01   <0.01    <0,016      <0,0169   <0,0169   0,2956             <0.0169
 Fe                           1            -         0,61     0,582    <0.1    1,56                                                                                 0,09982
                      mg/l                                                               2        6       693     639      93          3         3         9                  3
                                                                       <0.00                      0,006
 Copper                                    -         0,002    0,008            1,17      1,188            -       -        -           -         -         -        -         -
                      mg/l                                             5                          3
                                                                                                          <0.00   2,275    <0,007
 Fluorida                     1,5          -         6,8      6,89     8,07    7,75      7,481    7,21                                 -         -         -        -         -
                      mg/l                                                                                72      8        2

                                                                                                                                                                                     133
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
                                                                                                                                                      Mr.A
                                                                                                                                                      min
                                                                                                                                            Water     Kp                 Kp.Bab
                                                                                                                                                               Mr.Cah
                                                                                                                                            springs   Baba               akan
                                                                                                                                                               yo
                                                  Example house Sarinangen Village                   Engineering service office             Kp.Le     kan                Sarinag
                           Standard     Standar                                                                                                                Kp.Ci
 Parameter          Unit                                                                                                                    mbur      Cime               en
                           (1)          d (2)                                                                                                                  mega
                                                                                                                                            Sawah     ga                 Village
                                                                                                                                                      Villag
                                                                                                                                                      e
                                                  2014              2015             2016            2017             2018                  2019      2019     2019      2019
                                                  May      Oct      May     Oct      May     Oct     May     Oct      May             OCt   Apr       Apr      Apr       Oct
                                                                                                     <0.00   0,001    <0,001
 Cadmium                   0,005        0,003     0,003    0,003    -       -        -       -                                    -         -         -        -         -
                    mg/l                                                                             159     53       59
                                                  <        <                <0.01    <0.01
 Chlorida                  600          -                           0,18                     0,27    52,87   28,27    10,76       23,97     6,95      12,92              8,93
                    mg/l                          0,008    0,008            9        852
                                                                            <0.02    <0.02   <0.02   <0.00   0,053    <0,003
 Chromium, val. 6          0,05         0,05      < 0,05   < 0,05   <0.01                                                         -         -         -        -         -
                    mg/l                                                    4        40      40      32      8        2
                                                                            <0.08    <0.08   1,826   <0.01   <0.01    0,0261                <0.0102   <0,010   <0,0102   <0.0102
 Mangan                    0,5          -         29,35    6,082    1,799                                                         0,1589
                    mg/l                                                    9        95      9       028     028      6                     8         28       8         8
                                                  <        <        <0.00   <0.02    <0.02   <0.02   0,078                                            12,112
 Nitrat, N                 10           10                                                                   0,059    0,5639      0,1589    0,3287             2         0,8701
                    mg/l                          0,003    0,003    3       5        495     495     7                                                3
                                                                    <0.00   <0.00    <0.00   0,007   <0.00
 Nitrit, N                 1            10        -        -                                                 0,011    0,01        0,0334    0,0065    0,0145   0,0577    0,019
                    mg/l                                            5       5        51      8       34
                                                                            <0.01    <0.01   0,084
 pH                        6-8          -         -        -        0,061                            7,26    7,284    7,01        6,281     6,211     7,611    7,412     6,84
                    -                                                       4        38      2
 Selenium           mg/l   0,01         0,01      1,58     2,528    -       -        -       -       -       -        -           -         -         -        -         -
                                                                            238,7    265,7           <0.01
 Zinc                      15           -         212      224      155,4                    92              0,234    0,0338      -         -         -        -         -
                    mg/l                                                    6        1               856
                                                                                                     <0.00   <0.00    <0,005
 Sianida                   0,1          -         -        -        -       -        -       -                                    -         -         -        -         -
                    mg/l                                                                             50      5        0
                                                                                                     30,27   35,74    15,419                          82,895
 Sulphat                   400          -         -        -        1,9     8,69     9,99    4,42                                 116,554   4,4574             121,35    67,3678
                    mg/l                                                                             95      46       6                               2
                                                                                                     <0.00   0,043    <0.009
 Pb                        0,05         0,01      -        -        -       -        -       -                                    -         -         -        -         -
                    mg/l                                                                             978     4        28
 Organic            mg/l   -            -         -        -        -       -        -       -       -       -        -           -         -         -        -         -
                                                                                                     0,275   <0.00    <0.002
 Sulfida                   -            -         -        -        -       -        -       -                                    -         -         -        -         -
                    mg/l                                                                             6       21       1



                                                                                                                                                                                 134
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
                                                                                                                                                      Mr.A
                                                                                                                                                      min
                                                                                                                                            Water     Kp                 Kp.Bab
                                                                                                                                                               Mr.Cah
                                                                                                                                            springs   Baba               akan
                                                                                                                                                               yo
                                                    Example house Sarinangen Village                Engineering service office              Kp.Le     kan                Sarinag
                               Standard   Standar                                                                                                              Kp.Ci
 Parameter            Unit                                                                                                                  mbur      Cime               en
                               (1)        d (2)                                                                                                                mega
                                                                                                                                            Sawah     ga                 Village
                                                                                                                                                      Villag
                                                                                                                                                      e
                                                    2014            2015               2016         2017             2018                   2019      2019     2019      2019
                                                    May     Oct     May     Oct        May    Oct   May     Oct      May             OCt    Apr       Apr      Apr       Oct
                                                                                                            <0.00
 Deterjen                      0,5        -         -       -       -       -          -      -     0,033            0,0214      -          -         -        -         -
                      mg/l                                                                                  87
 Kesadahan    Total                                                                                         243,0
                               -          -         -       -       -       -          -      -     244,8            84,84       209,52     64,64     84       208       164
 (CaCO3)              mg/l                                                                                  8
                                                                                                                                                      0,3860
 Alumunium                     -          -         -       -       -       -          -      -     -       -        -           0,5103     0,10531            0,74346   0,11543
                      mg/l                                                                                                                            2
 Nilai Permanganat
                               10         -         -       -       -       -          -      -     2,55    1,81     8,43        1,23       0,3       16,4     8,2       2,08
 (KMnO4)              mg/l
 Sisa Klor            mg/l     -          -         -       -       -       -          -      -     -       -        -           -          -         -        -         -
 Biological
                      MNP
                                                                                                                                        2
 Total Coliform       Index/   0          -         < 1,8   < 1,8   6       4          44     11    9       12           2                  2,2       23       23        2,2
                                                                                                                                        3
                      100 ml
                      MNP
 E.Coli               Index/   -          -         -       -       -       -          -      -     <1.8    <1.1         <1.1           -   -         -        -         -
                      100 ml
*1) PerMenKes No: 416/Men-Kes/PER/IX/1990
 2) Gov Japan Ministry of Environment Environmental Quality Standards for Groundwater Pollution




                                                                                                                                                                                135
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Table 27 above shows the results of testing the quality of groundwater in the example house in
the village of Sarinagen, the engineering service office, the springs in the village overtime, the
houses of Mr. Amin and Mr. Cahyo, Cimega village, and in the village of Sarinagen. The
measurement results showed that the chemical parameters in all locations were still below the
quality standard. It was found that turbidity conditions were above the quality standard at the
location of Mr Amin's well, Cimega Village. In addition, it was found that the total coliform value
at each location was above the quality standard. The complete test results are shown in Table 27.


6.12 Biodiversity
The biodiversity section is prepared in accordance with the World Bank Environmental and
Social Standard 6 (ESS6) Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living
Natural Resources, ESF Guidance Note 6 Biodiversity Conservation, as well as relevant
Indonesian laws and regulations. The International Finance Corporation (IFC) Performance
Standard (PS) 6 was also used to provide guidance on identifying Critical Habitat triggers and
assessment of offset requirements.

The objectives of ESS 6 are:

        •     To protect and conserve biodiversity and habitats.
        •     To apply the mitigation hierarchy and the precautionary approach in the design and
              implementation of projects that could have an impact on biodiversity.
        •     To promote the sustainable management of living natural resources.
        •     To support livelihoods of local communities, including Indigenous Peoples, and
              inclusive economic development through the adoption of practices that integrate
              conservation needs and development priorities.

The following sections outline the assessment of terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity values
undertaken within the UCPS footprint area. Biodiversity surveys commenced in 2009 to establish
the baseline but follow up surveys were conducted 2012, 2104, 2015 and 2020. The focus of the
surveys was to:

        •     Determine presence of likely presence of aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity values
              that may trigger critical habitat (as defined under ESS6);
        •     Delineate the areas of natural and modified habitat according to the definition
              contained with ESS6; and
        •     Determine the existing ecological health/condition of aquatic and terrestrial
              biodiversity values and threats, including invasive alien species.

6.12.1 Regional Biodiversity Values

Indonesia is among the most biologically diverse nations on Earth, ranking third behind Brazil
and Colombia in total species richness, and second in terms of endemic species (Mittermeier et
al. 2005; Whitten et al. 2004). The country supports the third largest expanse of tropical forest in
the world (behind Brazil and the Democratic Republic of Congo). It encompasses two of the
world’s seven major biogeographic regions, two of the world’s 25 Biodiversity Hotspots, 21 of
238 Global Ecoregions (WWF) and 23 of the world’s 218 Endemic Bird Areas (BirdLife

                                                                                                136
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
International). Indonesia contains some 17% of all known species on Earth, including an
estimated 11% of the world’s plant species, 12% of its mammals, 16% of all reptile and amphibian
species, 17% of birds and 25% or more of all fish species (Mittermeier & Mittermeier 1998).

Java Island is located in the south-west of the Malayan Archipelago, an area of extremely high
levels of species diversity in the contact zone between Australasian and Indomalayan biological
regions. Some 6,500 species of plant have been reported on Java, of which 4,500 are native to the
island, and some 325 only occur on Java, i.e., they are endemic to the island (Whitten et al. 1996).
Some of the rarer and many endemic plants have only been collected once and their status in the
wild is poorly known, making it hard to develop and implement effective conservation programs
for protecting them.

Java is also rich in animal species, although not as rich as during the Pleistocene when a varied
fauna existed that included dirk-toothed cats, pygmy hippopotamuses, and a range of elephant-
like species (Louys & Meijaard 2010). Still, a rich fauna remains with a wide-variety of mammal
species, many of which are endemic to the island, birds, reptiles, fish and amphibians, as well as
numerous invertebrate species. A count of these vertebrate species in 1996 totaled 864 species on
Java (Whitten et al. 1996), but since then many new species discoveries and taxonomic revisions
have added a considerable number and the total is now close to 1,000 species.

Java mostly consists of a long chain of volcanoes which have created some of the most fertile soils
in the South-East Asian region. The island therefore has a long history of agricultural use and it
supports some of the highest human population densities in the world. This high population
density and demand for agricultural land has resulted in high deforestation rates. Especially
lowland and coastal forests have been targeted and few such stands now remain. Presently only
about 1.1 million hectares of forest remain on Java (Prasetyo et al. 2013), covering about 7% of the
land area. Most of these forests, like those in Cisokan, are at high elevation.

Because most species on Java are ecologically associated with or dependent on forests, the island’s
high deforestation rates are a major threat to its species. In addition, collection and hunting
pressure is also high. With 58% of interviewed households on Java having had a cage bird in the
past 10 years, and most birds being obtained from the wild (Jepson & Ladle 2009), it is obvious
how high the collection pressure is in Indonesian forests. This also includes mammal species,
such as pangolins, and reptiles such as the common gecko, which are both highly valued for the
medicinal trade, and increasingly rare in the wild (Meijaard & Achdiawan 2011). Thus, there are
few forests on Java that remain pristine and with a complete fauna. As a result, there are presently
44 species on Java listed as Critically Endangered or Endangered on the IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species, the global authority on species conservation needs.

6.12.2 Threatened species, protected areas and Key Biodiversity Areas of Java

The Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT) was used to generate a list of protected areas,
Key Biodiversity Areas, and threatened species of Java, focusing on those in the vicinity of the
project area.

Java is a geologically old island and therefore has a significant number of endemic species. Java
also has one of the highest human population densities of any regions in the world, which has
resulted in significant impacts on these endemic and other species. IBAT lists 30 Critically
                                                                                                137
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Endangered terrestrial and freshwater species that occur on Java and 51 Endangered terrestrial
and freshwater species. Other Critically Endangered and Endangered species occur in marine
habitats but are unlikely to be affected by the Upper Cisokan Pump Storage project. IBAT also
list 69 restricted range species occurring in terrestrial and freshwater environments of Java. Many
of these species are restricted to mountainous areas and have not been identified in surveys in
Cisokan.

There are no protected areas and Key Biodiversity Areas in the immediate vicinity (10 km) from
Cisokan, but within a 50 km radius there are 23 protected areas, 8 Key Biodiversity Areas and 1
Alliance for Zero Extinction area. The Gunung Masigit-Kareumbi Key Biodiversity Area is the
closest to the project area, at a distance of about 20 km south of the project site. The small (0.21
km2) Cadas Malang Nature Reserve lies at a distance of ca. 15 km to the south-west of the project
site. This area was designated as a conservation in 1919 for the protection of its specialized flora.
The large Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park lies some 30 km north-west of the project area
(Figure 89).




Figure 89. The UCPS project area in relation to protected areas and Key Biodiversity Areas

6.12.3 Floral Biodiversity

The vegetation type survey has been conducted since 1995. The most comprehensive survey is a
survey conducted by Rahmat (2009). Based on field observations, 226 plant species were found
from around 69 plant families. The access road location has the highest number of plant species,
namely 173 species, quite large compared to the mining area, which has the least number of plant
species, namely 86 species. The access road has various habitats along the track, while in the
quarry area, forest vegetation has been clearing for a long time and is now dominated by grass
                                                                                                 138
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
and shrubs. No rare or protected plants were found during the survey period whereas, laurel
(Eugenia polyantha), sweet magnolia (Magnolia glauca), manglid (Magnolia blumei), and kitambaga
(Eugenis cuprea) were rarely encountered under land use stress. The most intact and diverse native
vegetation community is the secondary forest at the Cirumamis River's location.

Based on the 2019 vegetation survey results at the research location, the plant composition of 135
plant species from 54 families was obtained (see Appendix F for full species list). Vegetation
communities obtained per study location are 113 types on existing roads, 116 types on access
roads, 90 types on lower dams, and 70 types on upper dams. Of the four locations, the highest
number of plant species was at the access road location, namely 116 plant species. This number
means that the access road's study location is still in good condition and supports the vegetation's
life. The number of plant species was obtained per category from the total locations, namely tree
category with 25 plant species, 45 plant species for pole category, 47 plant species for saplings, 28
plant species for saplings with 40 types of ground cover. This number shows that in the research
location, there is still a complete vegetation community structure.

The 2019 vegetation survey identified several plant species that are included in the IUCN Red
List conservation status (see Appendix F). From the monitoring of vegetation communities in all
study locations, 4 species with conservation status Least Concern (LC) were identified. The
vegetation in the UCPS area is dominated by common and introduced species but one
Endangered species (Rosewood) and one Vulnerable species (Merkus’s Pine) were identified in
the UCPS area.

Tree species found along the transmission line route include Bamboo (Bambusa sp.), Albasiah
(Paraserianthes falcataria), Mahogany (Switenia mahagony), Mindi (Melia azaderachta), Teak (Tectona
grandis), Kihiang (Albizia procera), Saga (Adenanthera pavonina), Suren (Toona sureni), and Tisuk
(Hibiscus macrophyllus). While the many non-timber groups found on the transmission line are:
Banana Plants (Musa paradisiaca), Snakefruit (Salacca edulis), Coffee (Coffea sp.), Sugarpalm (Arenga
pinnata), Durian (Durio zibethinus), Jengkol (Pithecelobium jeringa), Jackfruit (Artocarpus integra),
Petai (Parkia speciosa), Vanilla (Vanilla sp.).

6.12.4 Faunal Biodiversity

Mammals found directly in the 2012 survey were Small Indian Civet (Viverricula malaccensis),
Squirrel (Tupaia sp.), and Rats (Rattus spp.), While other types of mammals obtained from local
community information were wild boar (Sus scrofa) and Oriental Small-clawed Otter (Aonyx
cinerea). Meanwhile, the 2020 field survey identified 16 species of mammals around the
Transmission Line and 11 of them have high conservation value. According to the Ministry of
Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P. 106 in 2018, six types of mammals are included in
the protected species.

According to the IUCN Criteria, there are as many as six species of important mammals. Two
species are categorized as Critically Endangered (CR), which means that they have the highest
threat of extinction. Two types are included in the Endangered (EN) category, which means the
species with the second-highest extinction threat level. The last two species which are vulnerable
to extinction are categorized in the Vulnerable (VU) category.



                                                                                                 139
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
According to the CITES criteria, there are as many as eight types of mammals with high
conservation value. Two of these are included in the CITES Appendix I, which means that these
types of mammals are considered very rare. Their use is only in cases of extraordinary nature (not
for commercial purposes) and regulation. Strict regulations govern trade in this category. Three
types of mammals are included in Appendix II of CITES, which means that this species is
considered rare but can still be used on a limited basis through a quota and supervision system.
The role of scientific authorities in the process of granting export and import permits is also
crucial. As many as five species are included in Appendix III CITES, these mammals are
considered very rare for certain countries/regions. Hence, they need to be protected from
exploitation. In this category, scientific and management authorities play a significant role in the
licensing process.

Several species with conservation status need attention, such as Oriental Small-clawed Otter
(VU), Pangolin (CR), Grizzled Leaf Monkey (EN), Javan Langur (VU), Less (CR). The large
number of mammals found is supported by the ecosystem's condition in the transmission line
location, which currently tends to have no significant holes. Currently, the location of the
Transmission Line is still good and supports the life of Mammals.

The reptiles identified in the 2012 survey included a protected species, the Flat-nosed Pit Viper
(Trimersurus puniceus). Besides, there are also Flying Lizards (Draco volans), Chameleons (Calotes
jubattes), and Lizards (Mabuia multifasciata). As many as 29 herpetofauna species were recorded
during the survey at the Transmission Route location, which consists of four types of amphibians
and 25 species of reptiles. Of the Amphibian class, the most recorded species composition came
from the Dicroglossidae family, with two species. The Bufonidae Family and the Rhacophoridae
Family are also recorded, each with one species.

For the Reptile class, from the snake's group, the composition of species recorded was mostly
from the Colubridae family, with seven species; this was followed by the Elapidae Family of three
types; and two types of family Pythonidae. Meanwhile, from the lizard group, the Gekkonidae
family was the family with the most species records, namely four species; followed by the
Agamidae Family with three types; There are two types of family Scincidae; as well as one type
of Family Lacertidae and Varanidae each.

Avifauna found on the Transmission Line in the 2012 survey totaled 37 dominant species, with
five protected bird species (see Appendix F). The 2020 field survey identified 55 types of avifauna
from 23 families, of which 16 species have high conservation value because the five types of
avifauna are protected according to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P.
106 in 2018. Five types of avifauna are included in appendix II, while four types are endemic,
namely those with limited distribution, and four types including migrant avifauna, where this
type of migrant avifauna does not breed in Indonesia

One example of a protected type of avifauna included in the CITES appendix II and a migrant
type is Oriental Honey-buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus Temminck, 1821). Meanwhile, Javan
Kingfisher (Halcyon cyanoventris Vieillot, 1818) is an example of an endemic species avifauna
which has limited distribution. There is as much as one type of avifauna recorded in this study
that has never been recorded in previous studies, namely the Asian Brown Flycatcher (Muscicapa
dauurica Pallas, 1811).

                                                                                                140
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
The abundance of avifauna species indicates that the transmission line area is still a good location
for avifauna life. There are electrocution and collision risks which are discussed elsewhere,
especially for migratory birds of prey and other large birds such as storks. There is a risk of
displacement of the migratory swallows (Hirundo rustica) rest area to the transmission line from
the current place around Ciranjang Market, although the risk is small and has not occurred at this
time but needs to be watched out. Currently there is an existing transmission line (Saguling) but
the displacement of bird is also not occurring. This because the warmer temperature in the
existing bird rest area, the presence of crowds, and sufficient food sources, which are not found
in the existing or future transmission line areas.

6.12.5 Aquatic Biodiversity

Broad studies on the macro invertebrate and fish communities have been undertaken that, along
with the water quality data, provide a basic picture of the health of the aquatic environment and
its ability to support a functioning ecosystem.

6.12.5.1 Macro invertebrates

Changes in water quality as a result of nutrients entering the aquatic environment will affect the
life of plankton and benthos (i.e., communities of the stream bottom), which in turn influences
the survival of fish and aquatic larvae. Furthermore, the abundance and diversity of benthos are
useful bio-indicators of water quality, because different species have different sensitivities of the
types and concentrations of pollutants. The low mobility of benthos and their rapid responses to
environmental substances, makes it relatively easy to obtain, identify and analyze benthos as
aquatic indicators compared to other organisms. Indirectly, the benthos indicators through their
availability as food for fish and amphibians, become general indicators of water and habitat
quality.

The river geomorphology, river flow and water quality data described in the earlier section on
hydrology suggest that there should be reasonable habitat available for a wide range of macro-
invertebrates, including beetles, mayflies, caddis flies, stoneflies, snails and mollusks, despite
reduced water quality and sedimentation. The macro invertebrate samples from 2006 show poor
representation of macro invertebrate communities at all seven water quality sampling sites.
There were few individuals collected at each site (2 – 33), and low diversity of species (<6). The
most abundant genera were snails, which are generally tolerant of poor water quality. Indicators
of good water quality and healthy benthic habitat, such as mayflies, caddis flies and stonefly
larvae, were present, but not abundant. The results of the abundance analysis of plankton,
phytoplankton, and benthos using the dominance index indicated mild, moderate, or severe
pollution depending on which indicator was used. The phytoplankton dominance index shows
that the sample location is still in a lightly polluted condition, but if the analysis uses the benthos
approach, the study location is included in the moderate-heavy category. This was possible
because the sampling method used did not match the characteristics of the location. The level of
pollution based on the abundance of aquatic biota using the dominance index is shown in the
table below.




                                                                                                   141
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
6.12.5.2 Plankton

The abundance of plankton varies in each river between 1320 and 4140 ind./L. These results are
divided into 2 categories, namely oligotrophic waters in the Cijambu and Cilengkong Rivers, and
the upstream parts of the Cirumamis and Cisokan Rivers, with plankton quantities of 1410-1830
ind/L. The oligotrophic category of less than 2000 ind/L also indicates that the waters are still
clean and have not been polluted by nutrients (Suryanto and Umi, 2009). According to Zulfa and
Aisyah (2013), oligotrophic waters are generally clear and there is no abundance of aquatic plants
and algae. Meanwhile, the downstream Cirumamis and Cisokan Rivers are mesotrophic with a
plankton abundance of 2610-4140 ind/L which means they have moderate levels of nutrient
pollution, likely resulting from anthropogenic activities in downstream areas such as agricultural
activities.

Table 28. Plankton and Benthos identification Year 2019

                               Cijambu   Upstream    Downstream   Cilengkong   Upstream   Downstream
                                         Cirumamis   Cirumamis                 Cisokan    Cisokan
 Phytoplankton
 1       Individual Amount/L   1620      1200         3630        1380          1140       2400
 2       Dominansi Index       0,84      0,87         0,86        0,85          0,9        0,88
 3       Variety Index         2,26      2,33         2,31        2,2           2,52       2,44

     Zooplankton
 1       Individual Amount/L   210       210          510         180           180        210
 2       Dominansi Index       0,82      0,82         0,81        0,78          0,83       1
 3       Variety Index         1,75      1,75         1,71        1,56          1,79       1,28
     Plankton
 1       Individual Amount/L   1830      1410         4140        1560          1320       2610

 2       Dominansi Index       0,87      0,9          0,89        0,88          0,92       0,89
 3       Variety Index         2,55      2,58         2,54        2,49          2,73       2,57
     Benthos
 1       Individual            45        20           15          45            20         15
         Amount/m2
 2       Dominansi Index       0,28      0,38         0,33        0,28          0,38       0,33

         Variety Index         1,43      1,04         1,1         1,43          1,04       1,1




Plankton consists of phytoplankton and zooplankton that float or move with the river flow, and
both have important roles in aquatic ecosystems. Phytoplankton productivity is influenced by the
availability of nitrogen and phosphorus. Phytoplankton can only live in places that have
sufficient light, which is related to the photosynthesis process, so that phytoplankton is more
commonly found on the surface, or areas that are rich in nutrients (Hutabarat and Evans, 1995).

Based on the plankton diversity index (H'), the waters can be classified as follows: if the value of
H'>3 means that the waters are clean or not polluted, 3<H'<1, it means that the waters are
moderately or lightly polluted and H'<1, means the waters heavily polluted (Sudinno, et al.,
2015). The results in Table 20, show that the plankton diversity index is in the range of 2.49-2.73,
which means that the waters are moderately or mildly polluted. On the other hand, according to

                                                                                                       142
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Shannon and Wiener in Poole (1974), the diversity index range of 2.34-3.00 is still categorized as
a criterion of good water quality.

The plankton dominance index ranged from 0.87 to 0.92, indicating that at the location of the
waters there is a dominant type of plankton. One of the groups that is predominant is
Chrysophyta (golden algae) which is found in almost every location with a high amount.
According to Odum (1996), if the dominance index value approaches the value of 1, it indicates
that there are certain species that dominate the plankton community structure in the area, and
that the community may be ecologically unbalanced.

Benthos abundance ranged from 15-45 individuals /m2. These results also show a higher number
of benthos in upstream waters (45) than downstream waters (15-20). This is presumably because
the physical-chemical characteristics of upstream waters are better than downstream waters. The
bottom of the upstream waters consists of bedrock, rock outcrops, boulders, silt and sand. These
substrates are places where most macrozoobenthos are found because they provide shelter from
currents (Meisaroh, et al, 2019). Meanwhile, downstream waters have a muddy sand substrate
which is less suitable for macrozoobenthos as it is less well protected from currents (Koesbiono
1979). The low value of several parameters of water quality, likely related to human activities, is
also thought to affect the level of abundance of macrozoobenthos (Meisaroh, et al, 2019).

The dominance index for benthos ranges from 0.28 to 0.38, which according to Odum (1993)
indicates low dominance criteria. These results indicate no species dominate and the number of
species obtained is high. A low dominance index means that no species dominates significantly,
suggesting stable environmental conditions and low ecological pressure in these waters.

6.12.5.3 Shrimp and Fish

Only one species of shrimp has been identified in the UCPS area, the river shrimp (Macrobrachium
rosenbergii), which was found during river surveys in 2015 and 2016 in all river systems. This is a
small part of the total of 20-30 shrimp species that could occur in Javan streams (Hernawati et al.
2020), but it is unclear whether this diversity was overlooked in the surveys (e.g., because of
insufficient taxonomic knowledge of this group), or because indeed the shrimp diversity is low
in the area. Additional surveys would be required to assess the diversity of this group, which
includes the Endangered species Macrobrachium poeti and M. leptodactylus from West Java, which
is listed as Extinct, as it hasn’t been found in 30 years.

The initial fish surveys were conducted in 2009 by Rahmat (2009) who described 19 species.
Subsequent surveys were conducted in 2012 with 15 species identified (LIPI, 2012), and more
recently in 2020 a total of 17 species was found. When compared with the total number of
freshwater fish species recorded on Java, which is 135 species, the location shows poor fish species
diversity. The fish species found in Cisokan are all generally common in Java, and are often used
for consumption by local people. Eighty percent of the fish species found in Cisokan are native
to Java, with 20% being introduced, including Guppy (Poecillia reticulata), Green Swordtail
(Xiphophorus helleri) and Green Terror Cichlid (Aequidens rivulatus). Some types of fish such as
Rasbora lateristriata and Hemibagrus nemurus which are usually found in highland rivers, are
difficult to obtain using fish sampling techniques (LIPI, 2012). The fish species were assessed for
conservation status, and national protection status but none met any of these criteria.


                                                                                                143
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Local species that are categorized as difficult to find should be carefully monitored, such as
Semah Mahseer (Tor douronensis) (see 8.2.2. regarding the cultural importance of this species), and
Asian Redtail Catfish (Macrones nemurus). These are local migratory species whose behaviour
might be influenced by changes in riverbank habitats that flow to flooded rivers. A similarly low-
density species, Hampala Barb (Hampala macrolepidota), was found in the 2009 study but not in
the following 10 years, until in the 2020 field study it was again confirmed. This could indicate
local population fluctuations because of changing river conditions or supra-annual dispersal of
populations to different parts of the river system.

Tilapia, goldfish and catfish are categorized as food species and can live in a variety of habitats,
including slow-flowing habitats, river and lake environments and environments with soft
sediments. Catfish can also live in rice fields and hypoxic and muddy environments. Tilapia are
included in the IUCN top list as the worst alien species to disrupt native species from their habitat.
Other species, such as Channa gachua, are not native fish, but have a high tolerance for
temperature and pH changes. Guppies prefer fast-flowing habitats, along with the Green
Swordtail are categorized as non-native fish which are not a food source. Both fish are
omnivorous and can survive on a variety of food sources.

In general, the fish species that occur in the UCPS area are potamodromous species (which
migrate locally from freshwater to other freshwater). The only amphidromous species found are
tilapia, which are species that migrate from freshwater to seawater during their lifetime, but not
for hatchery. Species sensitive to river damming are catadromous fish that live in inland rivers
and lay their eggs in the sea (for example, eels) and anadromous whose adults live in the sea and
lay their eggs in the upstream of the river (e.g., salmon). These two categories of fish species are
rarely found in rivers that empty into the Java Sea.

6.12.6 Critical Habitat, Natural Habitat and Modified Habitat Assessment

ESS 6 requires a differentiated risk management approach to habitats based on their sensitivity
and values. ESS addresses all habitats, categorized as ‘modified habitat’, ‘natural habitat’, and
‘critical habitat’, along with ‘legally protected and internationally and regionally recognized areas
of biodiversity value’ which may encompass habitat in any or all of these categories.

The relevant definitions are as follows:

    •   Project Area of Influence: is defined as the geographical area in which biodiversity may
        potentially be significantly impacted by the UCPS construction and operation activities.
        This area excludes the wider area which may be affected by cumulative impacts.
    •   Modified habitats are areas that may contain a large proportion of plant and/or animal
        species of non-native origin, and/or where human activity has substantially modified an
        area’s primary ecological functions and species composition. Modified habitats may
        include, for example, areas managed for agriculture, forest plantations, reclaimed coastal
        zones, and reclaimed wetlands.
    •   Natural habitats are areas composed of viable assemblages of plant and/or animal species
        of largely native origin, and/or where human activity has not essentially modified an
        area’s primary ecological functions and species composition.



                                                                                                  144
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
    •   Critical habitat is defined as areas with high biodiversity importance or value, including:
        (a) habitat of significant importance to Critically Endangered or Endangered species, as
        listed in the IUCN Red List of threatened species or equivalent national approaches; (b)
        habitat of significant importance to endemic or restricted-range species; (c) habitat
        supporting globally or nationally significant concentrations of migratory or congregatory
        species; (d) highly threatened or unique ecosystems; (e) ecological functions or
        characteristics that are needed to maintain the viability of the biodiversity values
        described above in (a) to (d).
    •   Restricted-range/ Endemic Species = Species with world distributions of less than 50,000
        km2
    •   Migratory species = Any species or lower taxon of wild animals, in which a significant
        proportion of the members of the entire population or any geographically separate part
        of the population cyclically and predictably crosses one or more national jurisdictional
        boundaries.
    •   Congregatory Species = Species that gather in globally significant numbers at a particular
        site and at a particular time in their life cycle for feeding, breeding or resting (during
        migration). For the purposes of the assessment and as outlined within the IFC PS6
        Guidance Note, the assessment of populations has occurred according to the Estimated
        area Of Occurrence (EOO) as outlined in the IUCN Red List.

6.12.6.1 Critical Habitat triggers

There are five criteria are that can be ‘triggers’ in that if an area of habitat meets any one of them
criteria. That area, it will then be considered critical habitat irrespective of failing to meet any
other criterion (Table 29). Therefore, critical habitat can be determined through a single criterion
or where a habitat holds biodiversity meeting all five criteria. This approach is generally more
cautious but is used more widely in conservation. Critical habitat criteria therefore have two
distinctive characteristics. First, components of biodiversity are essentially assigned to only two
levels of conservation significance, those that trigger critical habitat and those that do not. Second,
each criterion is applied separately and not in combination, meaning that the scores are not
cumulative. The assessment for critical habitat was undertaken as a screening process against the
criteria defined within the IFC PS 6 Guidance Note, involving GIS analysis and desk-based data
collection, including a review of previous biodiversity studies.




                                                                                                   145
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Table 29. Criteria that can trigger the identification of Critical Habitat and the thresholds that provide
these triggers.

    Criteria                           Thresholds

    Criterion  1:   Critically    (a) Areas that support globally-important concentrations of an IUCN Red-listed EN or CR
    Endangered     (CR)      /         species (0.5% of the global population AND ≥ 5 reproductive units of a CR or EN
    Endangered (EN) species:           species)7;

                                  (b) Areas that support globally-important concentrations of an IUCN Red-listed VU
                                       species, the loss of which would result in the change of the IUCN Red List status to EN
                                       or CR and meet the thresholds in (a).

                                  (c) As appropriate, areas containing nationally/regionally-important concentrations of an
                                       IUCN Red-listed EN or CR species.

    Criterion 2: Habitat of            (a) Areas that regularly hold ≥10% of the global population size AND ≥10 reproductive
    significant importance to          units of a species.
    endemic and/or restricted-
    range species;


    Criterion     3:    Habitat   (a) Areas known to sustain, on a cyclical or otherwise regular basis, ≥ 1 percent of the global
    supporting         globally        population of a migratory or congregatory species at any point of the species’ lifecycle.
    significant concentrations
    of migratory species and/or   (b) Areas that predictably support ≥10 percent of the global population of a species during
    congregatory species;              periods of environmental stress.



    Criterion    4:    Highly     (a) Areas representing ≥ 5% of the global extent of an ecosystem type meeting the c riteria
    threatened and/or unique           for IUCN status of CR or EN.
    ecosystems; and/or
                                  (b) Other areas, not yet assessed by IUCN, but determined to be of high priority for
                                       conservation by regional or national systematic conservation planning.

    Criterion     5:     Areas         No set criteria
    associated    with     key
    evolutionary processes




6.12.6.2 Critical habitat evaluation in the UCPS terrestrial system

The species screening process initially identified the species so far recorded in the UCPS area
(near the roads, dams and reservoirs) as well as Transmission Line route, which are categorized
on the IUCN Red List as Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable, endemic to Java or
otherwise range-restricted, or likely to aggregate in the UCPS area during migration. Each of the
species resulting from this initial screening was subsequently tested for the thresholds in the table
above to determine whether or not they could trigger the criteria for Critical Habitat (Table 30).




7
 This refers to the criteria for identifying Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA Standards and Appeals Committee
2019)


                                                                                                                                   146
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Table 30. Species that trigger Critical Habitat in UCPS

 Common        Scientific        IUCN         Species information                    Critical Habitat (CH) rationale
 Name          Name              Listing or
 (Indonesian                     migratory
 / English)                      status

 Sero          Aonyx             VU           Small-clawed otters are                The species has a large range across
 ambrang/      cinereus                       ecologically versatile species,        South-East and South Asia and the
 Oriental      (Illiger, 1815)                often persecuted because of            Cisokan population does not
 Small-                                       their impact on fish farms. They       support a globally-important
 clawed                                       persist in a range of human-           concentration of an IUCN Red-listed
 Otter                                        dominated habitats as well as          VU species. CH not triggered.
                                              forests (Meijaard 2014).
 Trenggiling   Manis javanica    CR           This once common species of            The species has a large range across
 / Pangolin    (Desmarest,                    forests and human-dominated            South-East and South Asia and the
               1822)                          landscape has declined sharply         CIsokan population is unlikely to
                                              because of unsustainable               contain > 0.5% of the global
                                              harvest for medicine and food          population. CH not triggered.
                                              (Challender et al. 2019).
 Surili/       Presbytis         EN           This is an endemic species of          The species was found in most of the
 Grizzled      comata                         West and Central Java of which         BIAs. No formal population
 Leaf          (Desmarest,                    < 2,500 are thought to remain.         estimates exist, but Cisokan
 Monkey        1822)                          The species depends on forests         population likely exceeds 0.5% of
                                              (Nijman and Setiawan 2020).            global population and > 5
                                                                                     reproductive units. CH triggered.
 Lutung        Trachypithecus    VU           This species was recently split        There are no reliable population
 budeng/       auratus     (É.                into a West Javan and East             estimates for either of the
 West Javan    Geoffroy                       Javan species, with the species        Trachypithecus species on Java, but it
 Ebony         Saint-Hilaire,                 boundary approximately in the          is not likely that the Cisokan
 Langur        1812)                          Cisokan area. It is unclear which      population supports a globally-
                                              species occurs in the project          important concentration. CH not
                                              area. Both species are VU.             triggered.
 Owa Jawa/     Hylobates         EN           Javan Gibbon is a forest-              There are no reliable population
 Javan         moloch                         dependent species unlikely to          estimates but the total population is
 Gibbon        (Audebert,                     come to the ground and                 likely only a few thousand (Nijman
               1798)                          therefore dependent on                 2020). If the Cisokan area has some
                                              connected forest areas.                10-20 gibbons it could possibly
                                              Nevertheless, the species occurs       exceed 0.5% of the global population
                                              in a surprisingly large number         and 5 reproductive units. CH
                                              of BIAs and forest corridors in        possibly triggered.
                                              Cisokan.
 Kukang/       Nycticebus        CR           This species does well in              Population probably > 0.5% of
 Slow Loris    javanicus                      anthropogenic areas that seem          global population, although no
               (Boddaert,                     to mimic a secondary tree fall         reliable population estimates exist
               1785)                          zone, especially with pioneering       for Java (Prof. Anna Nekaris pers.
                                              plants, including bamboo (their        comm.). Species was found over the
                                              most important sleep site), if it is   years in 14 grid cells, likely
                                              not hunted or collected by             representing > 5 reproductive units.
                                              communities. Cisokan seems to          CH triggered.
                                              have an important population
                                              with suitable ecological
                                              conditions.
 Macan tutul   Panthera          Not eval.    Leopards require shelter and           The Javan subspecies is currently
 jawa/ Javan   pardus melas                   prey but are generally resilient       listed as Not Evaluated and the
 Leopard       (Cuvier, 1809)                 in human-dominated                     species does not trigger the other
                                              landscapes. The Javan leopard, a       Critical Habitat criteria. The taxon
                                              highly distinct subspecies             used to be listed as Critically
                                              (Meijaard 2004) occurs in an           Endangered by IUCN, however, and
                                              area of ca. 1,159,864 ha               there is no clear evidence that the
                                              (Wibisono et al. 2018)                 conservation has improved. The
                                                                                     UCPS population probably exceeds
                                                                                     0.5% of the global population, and
                                                                                     records indicate that there could be


                                                                                                                            147
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
 Common        Scientific      IUCN         Species information                 Critical Habitat (CH) rationale
 Name          Name            Listing or
 (Indonesian                   migratory
 / English)                    status

                                                                                >5 individuals. CH possibly
                                                                                triggered.


 Javan Hawk    Nisaetus        EN           The status of this species in       This species requires confirmation
 Eagle         bartelsi                     UCPS is unclear. There is one       but if present in UCPS would likely
                                            apparent record in Gowek from       exceed more than 0.5% of the global
                                            2017 but this is not included in    population and trigger Critical
                                            the baseline report (2020). This    Habitat. CH possibly triggered.
                                            Javan endemic could well occur
                                            in the area, as it depends on
                                            forested hilly areas.
 Sikepmadu     Pernis          M            This bird of prey has a resident    The northern form of the species
 Asia      /   ptilorhynchus                population as well as a             migrates south, among others
 Crested       (Temminck,                   migratory one. Global               through Java. No population
 Honey         1821)                        populations are estimated at        estimates are available but the
 Buzzard                                    100,000 – 1,000,000 (BirdLife       species has only sporadically been
                                            International 2016).                recorded in Cisokan and is unlikely
                                                                                to harbour > 1% of the global
                                                                                population. CH not triggered.
 Anis          Zoothera        EN           This is a forest-bird that does     The species is recorded in Cisokan
 Kembang /     interpres                    not well in disturbed forest        but likely very rare and unlike to
 Chestnut-     (Temminck,                   areas and is heavily poached as     exceed 0.5% of the global population
 capped        1828)                        a popular cage bird (BirdLife       as it also occurs on Borneo,
 Thrush                                     International 2020).                Peninsular Malaysia and the Lesser
                                                                                Sundas. CH not triggered.
 King Cobra    Ophiophagus     VU           The Kind Cobra occurs across        There are no reliable population
               hannah                       large parts of SE Asia, but is      estimates for this cobra on Java, but
                                            considered very rare in             it is not likely that the Cisokan
                                            Indonesia because of                population supports a globally-
                                            deforestation and harvesting of     important concentration. CH not
                                            individuals for skin, food, pets,   triggered.
                                            and especially traditional
                                            Chinese medicine (Stuart et al.
                                            20112)
 Rosewood      Pterocarpus     EN           Rosewood is a highly sought-        Recorded in three locations in
               indicus                      after timber, overharvested in      Cisokan, but the population is not
                                            many parts of its SE Asian range    likely to exceed 0.5% of the global
                                            locally resulting in extinction.    population because of its wide
                                            The IUCN consider it native to      distribution across many parts of
                                            Java (Barstow 2018), but it may     mainland and island SE Asia. CH
                                            have been planted in Cisokan.       not triggered.
 Merkus’s      Pinus           VU           This pine is endemic to the         CH not triggered.
 Pine          merkusi                      Philippines and Indonesia and
                                            naturally only occurs in the
                                            latter country in northern
                                            Sumatra. It’s been extensively
                                            planted throughout Indonesia,
                                            and the Cisokan stands should
                                            therefore be considered non-
                                            native



While parts of the upper river areas are in a relative natural condition, the UCPS aquatic system
should be considered as modified because of the significant proportion of species of non-native
origin (ca. 20%), with human activity having substantially modified the area’s primary ecological
functions through damming of the Cirata River downstream, deforestation and agricultural land
use and altering species composition through unsustainable fishing.
                                                                                                                      148
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
CHAPTER 7.                SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASELINE CONDITION

7.1 Introduction
Social and economic baseline data collection is based on a review of previous study documents.
In addition, other interview activities were conducted to update the conditions up to 2019 and
2020 (Table 31).

Table 31. Summary of Social Impact Analysis and Methodology

   Year     Collecting data and analysis method for social impact                           Sample
 1997       Demographic    information          collected     from    30% of the project affected population
            demographic maps
            Sampling interviews to identify cultural contexts.
            Public health information was collected from
            population sample interviews and from secondary
            data from Cibeber and Campaka health centers.
 2001       Structured interviews conducted with the head of the      Selected Sample Population:
            family. Questionnaires are closed questions.               - 1642 respondents from 11 villages
                                                                       - 863 households directly affected (inundation area,
                                                                          quarry location and disposal area)
                                                                       - 779 households directly affected (other areas)

            Structured interviews were held with village officials,   63 relevant parties were randomly selected from 10
            religious leaders and informal leaders. Questionnaires    villages
            are usually done with closed questions.

 2006       A structured (questionnaire) interview conducted          All directly affected households by the project
            with the head of the family. Intensive interviews with    surveyed, of which 16% of the sample were
            informal leaders, institutions, sub-district staff,       interviewed.
            entrepreneurs                                             987 households surveyed out of a total of 1539
            Secondary data on demographic and economic data           households considered to be directly affected.
            from district government bodies
 2006       A structured (questionnaire) interview conducted          Transmission network lines 380 households that have
            with the head of the family. Intensive interviews with    been interviewed.
            representatives from community, related institutions,     - 177 households/land owners directly affected
            sub-district   heads,   village     officials,  village
                                                                      - 203 samples of households that are not directly
            administrators and entrepreneurs Focus groups with
                                                                        affected
            communities from selected villages
 2016       Structured interview conducted with WTP around            Selected sample population was 308 respondents
            access road, reservoir and transmission line (Larap       from 4 districts in Bandung and Cianjur districts.
            midterm, 2016)

 2019       Field observations, group discussions, and in-depth       Respondents were determined using non-probability
            interviews with respondents. Respondents were             sampling techniques or recommendations from the
            selected based on the capacity required either in         Upper Cisokan hydropower project management.
            position or social status. The questionnaire is usually   The technical determination of informants was
            conducted with closed questions (Social mapping           carried out using purposive and snowball methods.
            Document, 2019).
                                                                      The selected sample was 250 respondents from West
                                                                      Bandung Regency and 142 respondents from Cianjur
                                                                      Regency.




                                                                                                                              149
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
   Year     Collecting data and analysis method for social impact                               Sample
            Interview with the community/respondents around             The sample population was selected from 981
            the UCPS hydropower plant using structured                  families of affected residents (WTP) using the Slovin
            interviews (in the form of a list of questions), in-depth   formula with a total percent leeway of 13% so that 56
            interviews with community leaders/key informants,           respondents were obtained from 11 villages.
            and percentage methods and through descriptive
            analysis (RKL & RPL, 2019).                                  - 11 village official respondents
                                                                         - 3 community leader respondents
                                                                         - 32 community respondents
            Interviews with communities /respondents around             Population. The sample was selected from 81
            the Transmission line area using structured interviews      households from the affected residents (WTP) on the
            (in the form of a list of questions), in-depth interviews   500 kV UCPS Hydropower plant transmission line
            with community leaders/key informants, and                  activity. By using the Slovin formula, the amount of
            percentage methods as well as through descriptive           percent slack is 10% in order to get 44 respondents
            analysis (RKL & RPL SUTET 500KV, 2019).                     from 11 villages

                                                                        -   2 respondents from district officials
                                                                        -   11 village officials respondents
                                                                        -   10 community leader respondents
                                                                        -   22 community respondents

 2020       Structured interviews with village officials and            Random population chosen consisted of 4
            community leaders                                           respondents representing 4 sub-districts in Bandung
                                                                        Regency and Cianjur Regency. The sample is
                                                                        community leaders, village officials and the
                                                                        community.

            Interviews with communities / respondents around            The selected random sample population was 58
            the UCPS Hydropower Plant, Transmission Line,               respondents consisting of
            Downstream and Resettlement using structured
            interviews                                                  - 18 Respondents around the Transmission Line
                                                                        - 36 Downstream area respondents
                                                                        - 4 Resettlement area respondents




Detailed data and information on social and economic conditions can be seen in the document
"Social and Economic Baseline Report for UCPS 1040 MW Hydroelectric Power Plant".


7.2 Location of Settlement and Housing
Locations of Community Settlements affected by the project, both directly and indirectly, cover 7
Districts, with 2 Districts in West Bandung District, namely Rongga and Cipongkor Sub-districts,
and 5 sub-districts in Cianjur District, namely Cibeber, Campaka, Bojongpicung, Haurwangi and
Sukaluyu Sub-districts. There was a change in the village area of the Haurwangi, Ramasari and
Sukatani Villages. At the beginning of the project the village was part of the Bojongpicung Sub-
district but, after the division and restructuration, it was included in the Haurwangi Sub-district.

There Sukaresmi, Bojongsalam, Karangnunggal and Cicadas villages were affected directly by
the project’s land acquisition. LARAP implementation review report confirmed that 711 of a total
of 765 households (93%) have been relocated and 54 households are yet to be relocated. At the
moment, the new PAPs’ destinations of settlement locations include:

1. Households affected by inundation (upper reservoir)


                                                                                                                                150
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
        a. Jegud/Tapos Sand Sub-village, Sukaresmi Village, Rongga Sub-district, West
           Bandung District.
        b. Cidongke Sub-village, Bojong Village, Rongga Sub-district, West Bandung District.
        c. Munjul Sub-village, Bojong Village, Rongga Sub-district, West Bandung District.
        d. Santik Sub-village, Bojong Village, Rongga Sub-district, West Bandung District.
        e. Cihaneut Sub-village, Bojong Village, Rongga Sub-district, West Bandung District.

2. Households affected by inundation (lower reservoir)
     a. Cangkuang Sub-village, Bojongsalam Village, Rongga Sub-district, West Bandung
         District.
     b. Jolok Sub-village, Cicadas Village, Rongga Sub-district, West Bandung District.
     c. Gunung Batu Sub-village, Desa Cicadas, Rongga Sub-district, West Bandung District.

3. Households affected by inundation in switchyard
     a. Laja Sand Sub-village, Sukaresmi Village, Rongga Sub-district, West Bandung District.
     b. Babakan Sub-village, Bandung, Sukaresmi Village, Rongga Sub-district, West
         Bandung District




Figure 90. Settlement and Housing Around UCPS Area


7.3 Demography
Based on 2019 data, the administrative area covers villages of varying sizes, from 2.65 km2 (Ramasari)
to 29.84 km2 (Bojongsalam), with populations of each village ranging from 4,362 (Girimulya) to 9,626
(Jatisari) (Table 32). The difference in the area of village administration and population indicates that


                                                                                                      151
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
the density (people/km2) also varies in each village throughout the project area ranging from 242
people/km2 (Kemang) to 2.806 people/km2 (Haurwangi).

Table 32. Population Distribution in UCPS Area

                                   Area                   Demography
               Location                                                               Density   Gender
 No                                                    Population (people)           (Per/km2    Ratio
                                  Km2                                                    )
                                                Male       Female        Total
                                          WEST BANDUNG DISTRICT
  I     Cipongkor Sub-district
  1      Karangsari Village        6.02        2,836         2,774           5,670      932     102.24
  2      Sirnagalih Village        3.94        3,041         2,821           5,925     1,488    107.80
  3      Cijambu Village           4.90        3,162         2,974           6,202     1,252    106.32
  4      Sarinagen Village         7.27        3,868         3,914           7,865     1,070    98.82
  II    Rongga Sub-district
  5      Bojongsalam               29.84       2,762         2,705           5,467     397.5    102.11
  6      Desa Cicadas              21.78       2,155         2,290           4,445     106.8    94.10
  7      Desa Sukaresmi            16.61       4,347         4,362           8,709     531.7    99.66
  8      Desa Cibitung             14.82       4,422         4,439           8,861     567.6    99.62
                                             CIANJUR DISTRICT
  III   Cibeber Sub-district
  9      Desa Girimulya            6.06        2,205         2,156           4,362      719     102.26
  10     Desa Karang               15.66       2,828         2,706           5,534      353     104.53
  11     Nunggal
         Desa Salamnunggal         9,43        2,845         2872            5,717      769     99.05
  IV    Campaka Sub-district
  12     Desa Margaluyu            8.19        2,745         2,768           5,513      673     99.17
  V     Bojong Picung Sub-district
  13     Desa Cibarengkok          3.23        2,963         2,597           5,560      445     114.09
  14     Desa Jatisari             8.41        4,982         4,644           9,626     2,088    107.28
  15     Desa Kemang               25.18       3,077         3,005           6,082      242     102.40
  16     Desa Neglasari            3.76        3,290         3,143           6,433     1,711    104.68
  17     Desa Sukaratu             10.25       4,506         4,177           8,683      847     107.88
  18     Desa Sukajaya             4.34        2,821         2,538           5,359     1,235    111.15
  19     Desa Sukarama             11.86       3,453         3,835           7,288     614.5     90
  20     Desa Cikondang            3.08        2,361         2,261           4,622     1,501    104.42
  VI     Haurwangi Sub-district
  21     Haurwangi village          3.2        4,610     10.25
                                                             4,424           9,034     2,806    99.32
  22     Ramasari village          2.65        3,539     4,506
                                                             3,274           6,813     2,571    108.9
  23     Sukatani village          3.16        3,706     4,177
                                                             3,509           7,275     2,302    103.84
  VI     Sukaluyu Sub-district                            8,683
  I
  24     Panyusuhan village        5.16        3,318     847 3,149           6,530     1,265    107.37
                                                        107.88




                                                                                                         152
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Gender balance is usually around 5%. In general, each village has a gender ratio between 90
(Sukarama) to 114.09 (Cibarengkok). The village with the highest gender imbalance was
Cibarengkok village with a male to female ratio of 114.09%.

The new paved road in 2019 opened community access to various places and productive
resources. As the result of better road access, the mobility of the younger working-class group
out of the village has increased, particularly into industrial and urban centers. The LARAP
implementation review report confirmed that the younger generation of the affected
communities have a higher propensity to migrate to urban areas, either for schooling, factory
work, working abroad, and trading, than their counterparts.

Female participation in work fields, both agricultural and non-agricultural, is limited (51% in the
agricultural sector and only 13% in the non-agricultural sector), although, for those involved in
agricultural livelihoods, 35% of the wives are the agricultural landowners. However, since the
improvement of road access, the roles of women have increased, particularly in the stalls, trading,
and handicraft businesses.


7.4 Community Structure
7.4.1 Community Structure and Services

The population is distributed throughout Kampungs (hamlets) and comprises small rural
families and communities with strong kinship and traditional social and cultural attitudes. The
Muslim religion strongly influences day-to-day activities, and village and religious leaders play
an essential role in decision-making, problem-solving and village development. Men are
considered the heads of households, the primary wage-earners and decision-makers, whilst
women manage household and family matters, as well as undertaking planting and harvesting
activities.

Education levels are low in all regions, and almost all individuals have only received primary
school education. The midterm report of LARAP reported around 93% of the peoples affected by
land acquisition in various locations are categorized as only elementary school graduates. Most
of the people only received primary education in the villages of Girimulya, Karangnunggal,
Margaluyu, Haurwangi, and Sukatani. Meanwhile, in the villages of Sukaresmi, Cijambu,
Cinengah, Sukarama, Kemang, Cibitung, Karangsari, Cicadas, Bojongsalam, the majority of the
people have education up to Junior High School/equivalent. Only a handful of people who have
a diploma or Bachelor’s degrees, and most of whom are teachers or civil servants.

7.4.2 Family and Community Structure

In general, the kinship pattern is characterized by traditional Sundanese community system,
which determines the descent bilateral relations. In areas characterized by dry land and forestry
agriculture, bilateral kinship patterns are common and have a strong influence on settlement
clusters. In communities with wetland farming, types of bilateral kinship patterns persist but do
not have much influence on settlement patterns.



                                                                                               153
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Topography affects community relations in the project area. For the communities living in hilly
areas, with dry land or forestry agricultural activities, settlements are divided into small hamlet
groups. With limited transportation and accessibility, these small group areas are relatively
isolated.

In areas dominated by dry land and forestry agriculture, leaders are defined through kinship and
socio-religious interests and dominate the decision-making process. Disagreements among
residents are usually discussed among family members with the head of the family yielding the
most significant influence.

With strong ties among these small hamlet groups, the cohesion in the greater community
sometimes suffers when disagreements arise. Community organizations, such as youth groups
and farmers organizations (that are not necessarily aligned to families or hamlets) often suffer
from the tendency of each hamlet to act in unison against other hamlets. As such, despite the
designation as one administrative area (ie the village), the residents do not necessarily function
as a community. Different patterns of social relations develop in wetland farming communities
that are close to the quarry and the existing road. The area is more open and more receptive to
changes with a broad settlement pattern. Social stratification arises as a result of differences in
education and wealth and control over resources, such as landowners. Although kinship
networks still have and influence, differences in power are more defined by wealth and control
over resources.

7.4.3 Religion and Culture

Islam is the religion that dominates and reflects everyday life, such as prayer, recitation of the
Qur'an, etiquette and social interactions between communities. Social interactions beyond the
scope of work, family and friends are also dominated by religious activities. Religious life is well
preserved, demonstrated by the 97 Islamic boarding schools in Cipongkor and Rongga District.

Apart from Islam and its classical educational institutions, Sundanese cultural values are still well
preserved, from language to mysticism. For the latter, it is still very much present in everyday
life, one such example is about the presence of Malela waterfall watchman in Cicadas Village, a
person known as Eyang Taji Malela, and the prohibition to bathe on Monday, especially for
individuals who are not married.

Traditional values are still maintained, including various ceremonies that are still being carried
out. One interesting tradition ceremony, associated with farming activities, is called the Mantra
Tandur in Karangnunggal Village, Cibeber District. It is an ancestral tradition, a symbol of farmers
maintaining an agrarian culture especially for paddy planting. The Mantra is an attempt to
request protection for those things outside of human control. This celebration was held at the
Cisokan weir at the same time that the weir maintenance activities were carried out.

Another popular form of entertainment is the ' arisan', which is a money-gathering that is
organized on a rotating basis. Arisan is also a community forum to discuss and cooperate on local
issues, build and maintain community facilities, inform business opportunities and employment,
and assist in food shortages or other difficulties.



                                                                                                 154
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Myths and folkore concerning animals are also present in the area. The biodiversity surveys
included interviews with community members who highlighted the importance of certain species
in local folklore. Rahmat (2009) reports that in the Cisokan community there are animal folklore
stories about fish that live in the river, which are “parented” by two larger sized fish named
Rawing and Tambal. The two said fish are identified as a species of freshwater carp (Kancra, Tor
douronensis, thought to be synonymous with T. tambra). The community believes that if these
parent fish are caught or killed that there will no longer be any more fish when they fish in the
Cisokan River. Therefore, if a fishing tool or net catches a large Kancra fish, the community will
release the fish straight away for fear that the fish they caught is the parent fish (Rahmat 2009).

The myth that circulates in the community indicates that preserving or protecting these fish is an
important matter for the community even though fishing is not their main livelihood.. The belief
of this species of fish as a sacred fish is widespread among Sundanese people because of its rarity.
The species was reported to be present in the Cisokan River by Rahmat (2009), and Sutrisno et al.
(2009), but has not been recorded in subsequent surveys.

In Sundanese communities in West Java there is also a clear presence of taboos against disturbing
or collecting slow lorises, linked to beliefs about the perceived importance of slow loris as a link
to the afterlife (Nijman and Nektaris, 2014). These beliefs were strongest where slow lorises were
observed to live alongside humans; where these beliefs had eroded, or were simply not present,
there was a greater incentive to exploit these animals.

7.4.4 Social Relation and Gathering

The population is spread across the villages (hamlets) and includes small village families and
communities with strong kinship and traditional attitudes and culture. Islam and religious
leaders strongly influence their daily activities. The community has a prominent role in decision
making, problem-solving and village development. Men are considered the 'head of the
household' and are the primary breadwinners and decision-makers. Women manage household
and family affairs, as well as carry out planting and harvesting activities. Education levels are
low in all regions, with the majority of individuals having only received primary education.

Table 33. Social Institution in Village around UCPS project

  No    Social Institution                           Current Condition                          Total
                                                      Existed/Maintained       Existed/Weaken
  1     Arts and cultural activities                 264                      15                279
  2     Quran recitation activities                  278                      1                 279
  3     Sports activities                            270                      9                 279
  4     Hunting activities                           231                      48                279
  5     PAP Cooperative                              125                      154               279
  6     Farm Group and Women Farm Group              275                      4                 279
  7     Collective Action                            262                      17                279
  8     Sharing Tradition/Activities                 274                      5                 279




                                                                                                      155
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Quran recitation/study group (“majlis ta’lim”) is the most active social institution in the
community, either on a small scale (in prayer rooms), medium scale (mosques), or large scale in
Islamic boarding schools (“pesantren”) (Table 33). The data shows that several social institutions
are perceived to have societal benefits. These include Quran recitation group, sports, collective
action (collaboration, participation), and the sharing traditions (sharing and social protection).
Other social institutions are farming groups.

Various economic restoration programs which have been implemented as part of the Land
Acquisition and Resettlement Plan have strengthened the existing social institutions and created
new ones such as cooperatives, including those run by women (banana and palm sugar
processing), livestock farm groups, fishery farm groups, and handicraft centers. These
institutions are considered essential by the Project Affected People (PAPs). Unfortunately, even
after a long period of establishment of these institutions, they still have not been able to advance
the productive economy of the PAPs.

Other new social institutions are the Forest Farmers Group (KTH) and Forest Village Community
Organisation (LMDH) that were developed within the social forestry program. These two social
institutions were established within the framework of community forest management (PHBM).

The people, especially the Cianjur regency, consistently adhere to the principles of 'ngaos' (the
tradition of reciting the Koran), 'mamaos' (cultural arts: refinement of mind and taste) and 'maen
po' (martial arts of Pencak silat). They also uphold the principles of life which are closely related
to religious norms, traditions, customs, beliefs, and institutions. This principle has implications
for the pattern of their social and institutional relationships.

The social institutions identified in the village generally consist of LKMD, BPD, PKK and 'Karang
Taruna'. These institutions play an important role in regulating society. For example, LKMD
functions as executor of government programs such as poverty alleviation programs, poor rice
distribution, economic empowerment programs (LPM, PKK). To accommodate women's
involvement, there are Family Welfare Education (PKK) activities.

Related to the forest area around UCPS, forest management activities have involved the
community through the Collaborative Forest Management (PHBM) program. For a long time, the
communities around the forest have been involved in its management through the Tumpang Sari
program. In the PHBM program, however, local people have the right to manage the forest with
a profit-sharing system. This program was more successful than previous initiatives and saw an
increased sense of commitment within the community to preserve their forests.

In connection with the PHBM program, and the establishment of LMDH, a number of LMDHs
have been established in the villages around the location of the UCPS (data records of Perhutani,
Regional Division of West Java and Banten, not published). In West Bandung Regency, these
institutions are LMDH Putra Setia (Sukaresmi Village; 279 members), LMDH Giri Karya (Bojong
Salam Village; 159 members), LMDH Rinjani (Cinengah Village; 129 members) and LMDH
Gentrawana (Cicadas Village; 441 members). In Cianjur Regency, LMDH Karya Mukti (Sukarama
Village; 165 members) and LMDH Wana Mekar Harapan (Karang Nunggal Village; 265
members).



                                                                                                 156
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
7.5 Gender and Gender Based Violence
7.5.1 Local Gender Relations and Socio-Economic Context

The survey findings for the LARAP found that domestic responsibilities in PAP households are
mostly handled by women (88.89%). Women are responsible for range of activities including
preparing meals, cleaning the house, caring for children or parents, washing clothes, being
agricultural laborers, fetching water, shopping for daily necessities, and processing crops. Further
activities include household financial management, harvest utilization and management,
decisions to participate in "arisan" (social gatherings) and cooperatives, and participation in
family planning counseling.

In the productive sector outside of the home, business decisions are primarily made by men
(92.5%), although women are increasingly active in the agriculture sector and MSMEs. Of the
surveyed women, 51% work in agriculture and only 13% in non-agricultural sectors. Men are
very visible in project work, especially in the construction of roads and bridges. However, due to
the migration of males to urban areas, there is an increasing presence of rural women in business
management, particularly in the stalls, trading, and handicraft business. In the study location,
there are food processing and fast-food businesses run by women’s groups. Village officials,
Islamic boarding school caretakers, and property traders are some other professions undertaken
by the women in the area. The profession of shop owner is the dominant livelihood for women
in the project location. This indicates a shift in the composition of breadwinner within PAP
households, a role which was previously dominated by the male household heads (husbands).

Limited non-agricultural livelihood opportunities mean outmigration is common in the project
area, especially for women. Several villages in the UCPS project location, namely KBB and Cianjur
Regency, are known to have quite high numbers of migrant workers. According to data from
2016, female migrants outnumbered men 1425 to 192, with most traveling to the Middle-East to
work as domestic workers.

Land ownership data from the LARAP shows almost 90% (250 out of 279) of the land is owned
or controlled by men. This data contrasts with the fact that, of the households that had decided
to resettle, a little over half (41 out of 77) made the decision as a family. In only one household
was the decision made by the wife, whereas in the remaining 36 households, the decision was
made by the husband only. Indeed, the fact is that in various meetings held by project
implementing parties, there is no active participation of these women (LARAP 2019).

7.5.2 Local Gender Based Violence Context

West Java Province is one of the provinces in Indonesia that has a fairly high rate of violence
against women. The Indonesian Women's National Commission noted that during 2020, 2,738
women in West Java were victims of violence. They become victims of physical, psychological,
and sexual violence; economic neglect; online-based sexual violence; and trafficking.

Based on the existing data, both KBB and Cianjur Regency have a relatively high rate of violence.
The Integrated Service Center for the Protection of Women and Children Cianjur, West Java,
received 20 reports of violence against women and children in 2019. Most of the reports submitted
were sexual abuse or violence, with a total of 12. As for cases of sexual abuse and trafficking to
                                                                                                157
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
date, there have been three cases and two cases of domestic violence. Meanwhile, until July 2020,
P2TP2A recorded 24 cases reported. The average age of victims is 5 to 17 years old, with the most
types of violence occurring in the form of sexual abuse and child rape.

Similarly, the Cianjur Regency, West Bandung District, it is also facing serious problems related
to cases of violence against women and children. West Bandung Regency (KBB) is one of the areas
where cases of violence against children are still high. In the first quarter, at least 19 cases were
processed legally, with assistance from the West Bandung Regency Government. Data from the
West Bandung District Population Control, Family Planning, Women's Empowerment and Child
Protection Agency (DPPKBP3A) shows that the number of cases of violence against children in
the first quarter of 2019 was higher than 25 cases. The 2019 cases occurred in every sub-district,
although predominantly in the southern region. The victims were typically aged 10-17. The type
of violence against children that occurs is not only in the physical form, but also in the verbal
form which is usually called bullying. This data description is useful for ensuring that case
handling has been carried out by local governments and service agencies, which can inform
measures for handling GBVs in the UCPS hydropower project area.

Based on secondary data obtained from previous studies and the results of FGDs conducted in
September 2020 by the ESIA team, there are several risk factors for GBVs, namely the community
situation (educational aspect) and location. Based on previous studies in Cianjur District, most of
the community education was only elementary. Meanwhile, the vulnerable locations for GBVs
include housing or school locations close to the temporary houses of workers who come from
outside the village (foreign workers or local workers); areas without adequate electric lighting.

In many villages around hydropower project, culturally, there are still child marriages of girls
who have dropped out of school. Based on data from the Cianjur Religious Court, every year
there are dozens of marriage dispensation applications. There were 12 applications for
dispensation of marriage in 2016 with a total of eight cases granted. In 2017 there were 26 cases
of dispensation with 26 cases granted, while in 2018 the figure again increased to 33 cases with a
total of around 30 cases granted. Based on this, the Cianjur District Government issued a Regent
Regulation (Perbup) No. 10 of 2020 concerning Prevention of Child Marriage.


7.6 Community Infrastructure
Infrastructure functions to support various community activities, be it socially, economically,
educationally or culturally. Infrastructure can be very influential in accelerating social change.
The availability of adequate infrastructure is an indicator of a region's success in development.

7.6.1 Water

The primary community water sources are wells and rivers. Shallow wells, dug by hand, are the
primary source of drinking water. In some houses or hamlets with streams/small rivers nearby,
only 6% of the total population will use groundwater (PLN/Newjec Inc., 2007b). Water quality
samples from both wells in 2006 indicated contamination by pathogenic bacteria that can cause
abdominal pain. Well water may be contaminated from activities at ground level because it is not
protected (not covered and paved).


                                                                                                 158
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Based on the results of interviews in 2020, villages in downstream areas use the Cisokan river
water during the dry season. The community usually uses this water for household needs such
as washing clothes and bathing, just like the people of Ciputat village and Salamnunggal village,
who depend heavily on water from the Cisokan river.

The result of Social Mapping in 2019 shows that some villages, such as Cicadas, Sukaresmi,
Sirnagalih, Cijambu and Cibarengkok, have easy, but sometimes insufficient access to water.
Meanwhile, in Cibitung, Bojongsalam and Sukaratu villages water sources are easy to find, but
not sufficient. In Girimulya and Haurwangi villages, water sources for household needs are
difficult to find and insufficient. The LARAP report also stated that 4 relocation locations,
Cangkuang, Santik, Munjul, and Cidongke haven’t received clean water facilities (borehole s
sibel) from PT. PLN (Persero).

7.6.2 Electricity

Based on the 2019 UCPS PLN Social and Stakeholder Mapping report supported by survey results
from September 2020, the majority of residents in the Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage area
already have electricity (PLN, 2019d). Data on PAPs electricity connection in 2016 confirmed that
85% of the PAPs have direct access to electricity grid, 15% got electricity supply by connecting to
their neighbor and 1% of PAPs used power generator and/ or household scale windmills to
generate electricity. This data can be used to indicate the overall condition of electricity
connection around the project location.

7.6.3 Roads and Bridges

Road access has supported the community in economic and social activities around the project,
in the downstream area, based on interviews with community stakeholders in January 2020. The
access roads from Baranangsiang village to Sirnagalih (4.8 km) and Cibenah to Cinta Asih (7 km)
have been developed. Access roads have increased the value of land from Rp 25.000/m2 to Rp
400.000/m2, in certain areas.

In general, the communities’ economy improved due to easier access to the city of Bandung. The
improved transportation networks have helped people to trade crops, make activities more
comfortable and faster, create equitable development, open alternative routes, and facilitate roads
to tourist attractions.

On the other hand, community connectivity around the dam will affect families who will not be
resettled. There may be periods of unrest and disturbance during resettlement where service
facilities and religious buildings are lost or moved and employment and business opportunities
change. Furthermore, during land clearing and reservoir preparation, the productive
environment of the forest or river, or access to a walking or motorbike path, including river
crossing, may change or be permanently displaced. The new bridge will connect parts of the
village and will be constructed and operational prior to inundation, to prevent the isolation of
communities from markets, schools and communities in the west.

Based on Social Mapping 2019, Community of Margaluyu Village will lose access to the road /
bridge connecting Girimulya Village, Karangnunggal and surrounding villages, because the area
will be inundated by the river / reservoir PLTA Upper Cisokan.

                                                                                               159
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
The connectivity bridge from Blok Jolok to Margaluyu Village is made of bamboo and can only
be crossed by foot and motorbike. The path to the bridge location is quite steep. Even so, the
existence of this bridge is very useful for community connectivity, which mainly uses the bridge
to carry crops / livestock and access to land and fishing grounds.

Two bridges will be built across the Cisokan River and the lower reservoir, to replace the four
suspension bridges that currently connect the West Bandung Regency to the Cianjur Regency
over the Cisokan River. The bridge serves as access from settlements in the resettlement location
of Kampung Cangkuang and Blok Jolok towards Cianjur. The proposed length of the bridges is
approximately 350 m and 200 m, respectively. The locations of the bridges are illustrated in Figure
90.




Figure 91. Bridge replacement in the lower reservoir

7.6.4 Sanitation and Waste

Rural communities, in general, rarely have the capacity to maintain adequate sanitation facilities.
Bathing, washing, and toilet facilities (MCK) are available but are very simple, both indoors and
outdoors. Some rural communities use rivers and ponds for bathing, washing, and as toilets. The
monitoring results in ESIA Baseline Report assess the MCK facilities before and after the project
operation. Improvement of permanent housing built by post-project and post-compensation of
PAP’s, especially in lower reservoirs and new roads has led to the increased use of indoor private
MCK facilities. The situation is different from the PAP above the reservoir, where dry land is the

                                                                                               160
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
dominant land type, which depends on rivers and outdoor public MCK. A small portion of solid
waste is disposed of or burned on-site, although careless disposal on public land still occurs.


7.7 Livelihood
Top three community livelihoods in the project area are farming, trading, and labor. These jobs
do not require specialized education. The primary source of income comes from agriculture,
which is generally associated with rice fields, mixed gardens, and yards that provide food for the
family, as well as additional income from the sale of excess produce in local markets. The majority
of family heads in the project area are farmers and farm laborers. Because rain-irrigated rice fields
are used, they are only harvested twice a year, so almost all productive workers have additional
jobs to support their livelihoods, which are usually around the area. A small number of family
heads are retirees, traders, and private employees.

However, since the Cisokan hydropower project's construction, there has been a slight shift in
profession for several residents. For those whose agricultural land was acquired, some of them
turned to construction work in hydropower projects or manual labor projects. Others remain
farmers and looked for new land elsewhere. Apart from the agricultural land, a mountainous
area is a forest owned by Perhutani, which is typically farmed by the community on a lease
system. Sources of household income, apart from agricultural products, labor and farming, are
home industries that engage in palm processing, and banana products. The industry is influenced
by the community's ability to build networks and market access.

Various employment opportunities are created and available as access to various productive
resources has increased. Various PAPs’ products are expanded to wider markets, including
Bandung City and other smaller cities. Movement of the younger working-class group out of the
village has increased significantly, particularly into industrial and urban centers. They are not
only hired as factory workers but also in trading and businesses. In-migration from urban areas
also creates new jobs and businesses (livelihoods) within the villages. Strictly speaking, the PAP
group who were identified as unemployed during 2015-2017, now in 2019-2020 were absorbed in
the non-agricultural sector that is growing as the result of better road access. Various new jobs
emerge along the new roads, such as mechanics (workshops), grocery traders, traveling traders,
electronic traders (television, mobile phones, vouchers, internet quotas, and others), and
transportation services (motorcycle taxis, rural transportation, freight transport).




                                                                                                 161
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 92. New main agriculture-related occupations of the PAPs based on the land status before and
after the compensation payment (%)

Before the project, the majority of PAPs worked as farmers, including in paddy, horticulture,
forestry land cultivation, farm labors, and agricultural product traders. Even after the project, the
agriculture-related livelihoods are still dominant among PAPs. Figure 92 shows that the number
of farmers working on their lands has increased significantly. At the same time, landowners who
work on others’ land, farm laborers, and those who do not manage their land, has decreased. In
general, there is a shift from being cultivators, farm laborers, and off-farm workers to landowner
farmers. This happened because with the compensation money allowing landowner PAPs’ to
focus on working their land employing others to do so. Furthermore, with the reduction of the
land area due to the project, there was less farm occupation available.

For those PAPs whose livelihoods were affected by the project, there were training sessions and
assistance to prepare them for new livelihoods, such as provisions of:

    1. the opportunity to start up food stalls business along the new road;
    2. the opportunity to work on PT. Perhutani’s land, in particular within the production zone;
    3. training on how to be a breeder (sheep, chickens);
    4. training on how to be in fishery business;
    5. the opportunity to start up paddy cultivation on dry land which access to water sources
       through water pumps and tractors;
    6. training on how to be in craftsman business (wood processing, palm sugar processor,
       banana processor);
    7. training on how to be in trading business (product packaging, online marketing);
    8. training on how to be in the brick processor business (“lio”);

                                                                                                 162
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
    9. training on how to be a mechanic (motor vehicle workshop training);
    10. training on how to be a tailor (convection); and
    11. training and assistance on how to be officials for a business group (Community Resilience
        Institution/LKM, PAP Cooperative).

PLN has also implemented economic/ livelihood restoration programs for the PAPs, including
five trainings and three capital assistance packages namely:

    1.   Animal Husbandry Engineering Training
    2.   Technical Training and Agricultural Products
    3.   Micro Business Development Training
    4.   Business/Marketing Incubation Training
    5.   Agricultural Intensification Training
    6.   Animal Capital Package
    7.   Agricultural Business Capital Package
    8.   Small Trader Capital Package


7.8 Employment Opportunity
There is a change in employment from the affected area that becomes better. There was a
significant increase in land ownership and fewer agricultural workers and a slight change from
land workers to off-farm workers. The majority of people affected by the project depend on
agriculture and related sectors such as farmers, poultry breeders, sharecroppers, and tractor
operators. A small proportion of people work in the trade and handicraft sector (which depend
on creativity), and most of them depend heavily on the third person, such as farmers, construction
workers, or private workers.


7.9 Income and Poverty Levels
The poverty line in Indonesia is determined based on a minimum calorie intake of 2,100 kcal per
capita per month. In March 2019, the Central Statistics Agency described the condition of poverty
as an income of less than Rp425,250/capita/month, with the Food Poverty Line's composition at
Rp313,232 (73.66 percent) and the Non-Food Poverty Line at Rp112,018, - (26.34 percent).

Poverty in the Cianjur Regency is projected using data from Social Department of West Java
Province on Families with Social Welfare Problems (Penyandang Masalah Kesejahteraan Sosial-
PMKS) at District level in Table 34.

Table 34. Number of families with social welfare problems in Cianjur Regency

           Subdistrict                          # PMKS                  % Against Total Population
 Cibeber                                         5,000                            4.06%
 Bojongpicung                                    4,500                            5.56%
 Campaka                                         3,200                            4.96%
 Sukaluyu                                        4,600                            5.50%
 Haurwangi                                       5,100                            8.51%



                                                                                                     163
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
In Bandung Barat Regency, poverty condition is projected using data of Poor Health-Insurance
Recipients, published by government of Bandung Barat Regency in 2018. 2770 people (9.43% of
total population) in Cipongkor Subdistrict and 576 people (6.52%) in Rongga Subdistrict live in
poverty.

Based on the 2019 RKL-RPL, 39%of respondents work as farmers, predominantly cultivating rice
and secondary crops. Each profession has a different level of income. 40% of the respondents
earned more than Rp. 3,000,000/month. In addition, most of the respondents' income was above
the Regional Minimum Wage in Cianjur and West Bandung Regencies in 2019, which was Rp.
2,336,005 to 2,898,744, for professions such as Village Officials, Entrepreneurs, Traders, and
Contract Workers. 9% of the respondents earned less than Rp. 1,000,000.

In general, the average household expenditure is between Rp. 1 - 2 million/month. The majority
of people also have savings, assets in the form of cash (less than 1 million), and assets (land and
buildings). The public financial capital index (scale 0-5, with 5 being the best score) as collected
from in-depth interviews and field observations is shown in Figure 93.




Figure 93. Village Community Financial Capital in the Context of Sustainable Living

There are three villages that have an average household expenditure of less than 1
million/month, while the remaining 18 villages have an average household expenditure of 1-2
million / month. All villages on average have a total savings of less than 1 million/month. The
list of villages based on their average household expenditure and savings can be seen in Table 35.

Table 35. The list of villages based on their average household expenditure and savings

                                         <1 million/month                     1-2 million/month
 Expenditure                       Girimulya, Karangnunggal,          Ramasari, Kemang, Sukaratu,
                                   Margaluyu                          Neglasari, Sukarama, Sukajaya,
                                                                      Jatisari, Cibarengkok,
                                                                      Haurwangi, Sukatani,
                                                                      Karangsari, Sirnagalih,

                                                                                                       164
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
                                                                      Cijambu, Cicadas, Bojongsalam,
                                                                      Cinengah, Sukaresmi, Cibitung




 Savings                           Girimulya, Karangnunggal,
                                   Margaluyu, Ramasari, Kemang,
                                   Sukaratu, Neglasari, Sukarama,
                                   Sukajaya, Jatisari, Cibarengkok,
                                   Haurwangi, Sukatani,
                                   Karangsari, Sirnagalih, Cijambu,
                                   Cicadas, Bojongsalam,
                                   Cinengah, Sukaresmi, Cibitung



7.10 Land Ownership and Use
For agricultural communities, land is the primary source of income. Ownership or control of
agricultural land affects the economic status individuals in the community. Tenure of agricultural
land, in the form of rent or production sharing, does not provide the same rights as ownership,
so it is very vulnerable for the land to change ownership. Complete information regarding land
use is presented in the 2020 Baseline ESIA Report.

The law states, the forest lands cultivated by the community belong to Perhutani. However, some
local people commented that they have been working on the land since prior to acquisition by
Perhutani. Some people said that their land was “inherited” from their parents or grandparents.
These claims indicated that the forest land that has been cultivated will be owned by the people
who cleared the land, which can be passed on to their children. In certain cases, cultivated land
can also be transferred to another person (alih garapan) with an agreed upon compensation.

The high dependence of the local communities on forest resources (land) has long been
accommodated by Perum Perhutani, through a collaborative forest management program
(Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat/PHBM). Community involvement in forest management
has been further strengthened with the enactment of a Social Forestry policy, through the Decree
of the Minister of Forestry and Environment No. 39/2017 concerning Social Forestry in the Perum
Perhutani Working Area, which provides forest management rights for up to 35 years to
communities.


7.11 Ecosystem Services
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) defines ecosystem services as “the benefits that
humans obtain through ecosystems”. Ecosystems are complex entities consisting of a dynamic
community of plants, animals, micro-organisms and their abiotic environments that interact with
each other as a single functional unit (MEA, 2005).

Ecosystem function is the ability of ecosystem components to carry out natural processes in
providing materials/goods and services needed to meet human needs, both directly and

                                                                                                       165
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
indirectly (de Groot et al. 2012). Thus, ecosystem services are the benefits or benefits derived by
humans from ecosystems both directly and indirectly (Costanza et al. 1997; Costanza et al. 2011;
de Groot et al. 2012.

7.11.1 Types of Ecosystem Services

The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) classifies ecosystem services into 4 categories,
namely:

    1. Provisioning services such as sources of food, water, fiber, fuels and other materials.
    2. Regulatory services such as: air quality regulation, climate regulation, regulation of water
       flow and flooding, prevention and protection against natural disasters, water purification,
       waste treatment, natural pollination, and pest control
    3. Cultural services such as cultural identity and diversity, religious and spiritual values,
       knowledge (traditional and formal), inspiration, aesthetic values, social relations, heritage
       values, recreation and others.
    4. Supporting services such as primary production, land formation, oxygen production, soil
       resistance, pollination, habitat availability, nutrient cycle.

7.11.2 The Use of Natural Resources and Ecosystem Services

Ecosystems have provided natural resources for humans to meet their needs and support
livelihoods. These natural resources are called ecosystem services or products. Each community
group varies in needs and dependence ecosystem services. Certain ecosystem services, such as
various types of edible nuts or tubers, wood production, and extreme climate balancing are very
important services for the lives and food security of the poor. Meanwhile, for other community
groups, cultural and religious services can be more valuable than other services (Rosa et al. 2003).
In general, all individuals are very dependent on ecosystem services (Rosa et al. 2003).

Therefore, based on a literature review of existing documents such as: BPS Data (Kecamatan in
Number 2019), Monitoring Report on RKL/RPL Implementation, or the results of previous
studies on ecosystem services in Cianjur Regency and West Bandung Regency, several ecosystem
services can be identified in the UCPS project area that can and has been utilized by the PAPs,
and other citizens.

7.11.2.1 Provisioning Services

Ecosystems in the UCPS region can provide benefits in the form of food derived from biological
sources (plants and animals), both processed and unprocessed, which are designated as human
consumption. Food supply from ecosystems can be derived from agricultural, plantation, and
fishery products. This is reflected by the vast area of paddy fields in Bojongpicung District
(2,661.73 ha), Campaka District (Margaluyu Village: 275 ha, Sukajadi Village (304 ha), Cibeber
District (Girimulya Village: 115 ha, Karangnunggal Village: 201.7 ha, and Salamnunggal Village:
194.5 ha). For Cipongkor and Rongga Districts, there are plantations for vegetables and fruits
such as long beans, chilies, cayenne pepper, mushrooms, tomatoes, eggplant, beans, cucumbers,
squash, kale, spinach, melons, watermelons and cantaloupe. Fishery products, in the form of
freshwater fish, are caught by residents both for consumption and sale.


                                                                                                166
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Cianjur and West Bandung Districts, as administrative areas within the Cisokan watershed area,
have the potential for productive agricultural commodity land. A total of 103,493 tonnes/year of
agricultural commodities are produced from productive lands in this watershed. The largest
contribution comes from a rice production of 92,006 tons per year from the seven sub-districts in
the Cisokan watershed area. The area that produces the most rice is the sub-district Rongga, West
Bandung District, amounting to 20,201 per year.

Apart from rice, the local community also cultivates cassava, sweet potato, maize and soybeans.
Cassava and maize are the commodities that have contributed the highest production figures
after rice, worth 5,476 tons and 5,013 tons per year, respectively. The agricultural land in the
Cisokan watershed is still able to meet the main food needs of the local community, and can even
be used as a profitable industry, to be marketed in other areas.

Ecosystems in the UCPS region also provide the benefits of water supply, namely the availability
of water both from surface water and ground water (including its storage capacity), and rainwater
for domestic and agricultural purposes. The provision of clean water services is strongly
influenced by rainfall conditions and layers of soil or rocks that can store water (aquifers) as well
as factors that can affect groundwater storage systems. There are dug wells, pump wells, springs
and piped water that are used as a source of clean water and drinking water for residents in the
UCPS area.

Energy supply can also be obtained from ecosystems in the UCPS region. Alternative energy
sources from nature such as hydropower and solar energy can be developed for community use.
Based on BPS data (2019), some residents, especially in Bojongpicung District (Jatisari Village)
and Cibeber District (Cibeber Village) use firewood as an energy source.

7.11.2.2 Regulating Services

Naturally the ecosystems in the UCPS region have the function of climate regulation services,
which include the regulation of temperature, humidity and rain, wind, control of greenhouse
gases and carbon sequestration. The function of climate regulation is influenced by both biotic
factors, especially vegetation, and the abiotic factors of location and physiographic factors such
as altitude and landform. The UCPS area has a high vegetation density and large variations in
altitude/elevation. This results in a better climate regulation system that directly regulates carbon
dioxide emissions and the greenhouse effect, thereby reducing the impact of global warming. The
climate trends in the UCPS region can be seen in section 3.2.1.

The hydrological cycle, is the movement of water in a hydrosphere which includes the process of
evaporation, condensation, rain and catchment. Processes of the hydrological cycle that occur in
the atmosphere include the formation of clouds and rain, as well as evaporation, transpiration,
and evapotranspiration. While the processes of hydrological cycle that occur in the biosphere and
lithosphere includes surface runoff, freshwater ecosystems, and sea water ecosystems. A normal
hydrological cycle will have an impact on good water management for various purposes such as
water storage, flood control, and maintenance of water availability. Water management by
hydrological cycle is strongly influenced by the land cover and the physiography of an area. Data
on the hydrology of the UCPS region can be seen in section 3.2.2.



                                                                                                 167
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Ecosystems also contain regulatory elements in natural infrastructure for the prevention and
protection of several types of natural disasters. Some functions of preventing natural disasters
from fires, erosion, landslides, storms and tsunamis are closely related to the land cover and local
landforms. In the UCPS area the closed vegetation coverage protects the area from erosion and
landslides.

The ability to "cleanse" pollutants, through chemical-physical-biological processes that occur
naturally in water bodies, is one of the ecosystem services regulatory functions. The ability to
purify water naturally (self-purification) takes time and is influenced by the high and low load of
pollutants and natural recovery techniques, especially the activity of natural bacteria in organic
matter.

Ecosystem services include local capacity in neutralizing, extracting and absorbing. In a limited
capacity, the ecosystem has the ability to neutralize the organic substances present in wastewater.
Nature provides a variety of microbes (aerobes) that are able to decompose organic substances
contained in wastes and rubbish into organic substances that are stable and have no
environmental impact. Aerobic microbes in the ecosystem, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa,
algae, play a role in the process of neutralizing, breaking down and absorbing waste.

Good air quality is one of the benefits provided by the ecosystem. Air quality is strongly
influenced by interactions between various pollutants emitted into the air by meteorological
factors (wind, temperature, rain, sunlight) and utilization of the earth's surface space. Air quality
maintenance services in vegetated areas and in high-topographic areas are generally better than
non-vegetation areas.

Natural pollination is the process of pollination (the transfer of pollen from the anthers to the
pistil of flowers) which occurs in the same flower, between different flowers of the same plant, or
between flowers in different plants of the same species. Ecosystems provide natural pollination
regulation services, especially through the availability of species that can assist the natural
pollination process. Natural habitats such as forests and vegetation areas generally provide more
abundant pollinating species media.

Pest control is the regulation of disturbing creatures or organisms called pests because they are
considered to interfere with human health, ecology, or the economy. Pests and diseases are biotic
threats that can reduce yields and can even cause crop failure. Ecosystems naturally provide a
system for controlling pests and diseases through the presence of habitat-specific trigger species,
controlling pests and diseases.

7.11.2.3 Cultural Services

Ecosystems provide positive benefits for humans, including space to live and prosper. This space
is supported by the high suitability of land to support livelihoods socially, economically and
culturally. Ecosystem services as a place to live and social space are strongly influenced by
physical, geographical and environmental conditions, and greater regional development
opportunities. The UCPS region, which has a high slope level, does not have enough space to
develop a high-quality residential area. Areas that have mountainous ecoregions and folded hills
are also areas that have low and very low carrying capacity. Even though many settlements are
in areas of high slope, many are not within the carrying capacity of their environment.

                                                                                                 168
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Certain features of ecosystems provide certain values as tourist attractions. Various forms of
landscape, the unique flora and fauna, as well as the biodiversity contained in ecosystems are of
interest for tourists. Tourism can provide great economic benefits for local communities. The
ecosystem and landscape features in the UCPS regions have the potential to promote tourism in
the local area. The combination of landscape and culture further strengthens the beauty and
aesthetic value that ecosystems have provided.

7.11.2.4 Supporting Services

One type of supporting ecosystem services is the formation of soil layers and maintenance of
fertility. Land and its fertility are important determinants for humans when developing
agriculture, building settlements, and developing tourist activities. Soil is formed by the
weathering or erosion of host rock (inorganic) mixed with organic matter. Soil contains rock or
mineral particles, organic matter (organic compounds and organisms) water and air. Minerals are
the main soil elements formed from inorganic solids and have a homogeneous composition.
Ecosystems provide support services in the form of soil formation and maintenance of fertility,
which varies between locations. Locations that have fast weathered rock types observe conditions
of high rainfall and sun exposure and are supported by the presence of organisms in soil and
ground cover plants. Soil formation and fertility maintenance services support the provision of
food, fiber, and energy services to be able to develop due to the availability of fertile soil media
for the growth of plants. In supporting the growth of plants, photosynthesis can occur, which
absorbs carbon dioxide that would otherwise pollute the air, and releases oxygen, so that air
quality is maintained. The part of the UCPS area is in the form of forests that have good vegetation
cover and have a high carrying capacity for this service.

Table 36. Agriculture Production in the Cisokan Watershed by Commodities (padi = rice; jagung =
maize; kedelai = soy; ubi = sweet potato




                                                                                                  169
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
The nutrient cycle in an ecosystem is an integrated process of movement/transfer of energy and
nutrients within the ecosystem itself and also its interactions with the atmosphere, biosphere,
geosphere and hydrosphere. The energy needed to drive the nutrient cycle is obtained from the
processes of photosynthesis, that occurs in the biosphere. Ecosystems naturally provide nutrients
needed by plants in the soil. Plants absorb these nutrients which then accumulate in plant tissues
and return to the soil either directly or indirectly as organic material. The process of nutrient
uptake, nutrient accumulation in plant bodies and return to the soil through various cycles
ultimately affects the soil fertility and subsequent agricultural production. This nutrient cycle
supports agricultural activities because, with a good nutrient cycle, the fertility of agricultural
land is well maintained, and ultimately contributes to other ecosystem services such as food,
fiber, energy, climate regulation, and maintenance of air quality. The UCPS region, which is a
mountainous region, is indicated to have a high carrying capacity for this ecosystem service.




                                                                                               170
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 94. Projection of Food Demand in Village at Cisokan Watershed

Ecosystems in the UCPS region can also provide primary production services in the form of
oxygen production and species habitat provision. Ecosystems provide oxygen-producing
services while reducing carbon dioxide levels and air pollution. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and
produce oxygen (photosynthesis). Oxygen is required for respiration in living species. Oxygen
production services vary between locations and are closely related to the presence of vegetation
and forests. Forested areas provide a very high carrying capacity and, therefore, observe intensive
photosynthesis.

                                                                                               171
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Ecosystems in the UCPS region observe high biodiversity both within species, and between
species and ecosystems that constitute a breeding habitat for flora and fauna. The higher the
biodiversity, the higher the function of the ecosystem. High-functioning ecosystems provide
direct benefits to local communities. In areas that have high primary production services, carrying
capacity and the capacity for biodiversity services are also high. A description of UCPS
biodiversity values can be seen in Chapter 6.

Based on a literature review of existing documents, such as: data from the Central Bureau of
Statistics (District in Figures 2019), Monitoring Reports on the Implementation of RKL/RPL,
journals or the results of previous studies on ecosystem services in Cianjur Regency and West
Bandung Regency, several ecosystem services were identified in the UCPS project area that can
be utilized by PAPs and other residents. The services of note are in the form of provision,
regulating, cultural, and supporting services.

The Cianjur and West Bandung Districts, as administrative areas within the Cisokan watershed
area, have the potential for productive agricultural commodity land. A total of 103,493 tons/year
of agricultural commodities are produced from productive lands in this watershed (Table 36).
The largest amount is produced from rice production, 92,006 tons/year from the seven sub-
districts in the Cisokan watershed area. It can be seen that the agricultural land in the Cisokan
watershed is still able to meet the main food needs of the local community and can even be used
as industry to be marketed to other areas.\




Figure 95. Food Balance in Cisokan Watershed

Food demand projection for 2025 in the Cisokan Watershed was analyzed based on 2017 figures.
Most of the villages in Campaka and Campaka Mulya projected a decrease in demand by 2025
due to decrease of population (Figure 94). When compared with the food production by the

                                                                                               172
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
village itself, Mekarwangi and Weninggalih Village in Sindangkerta Sub-District and Celak
Village in Gunung Halu Sub-District have a negative food balance based on the trend. The trends
in projected food demand are shown in Figure 95.


7.12 Health Service
Health services exist in the form of health centers, auxiliary health centers (Pustu), and hospitals
managed by local and private governments. There are also health services in the form of
clinics/polyclinics, doctor, and midwife practices, which are managed privately, and Posyandu
that are managed by the community. There is also a mobile health service to expand health service
coverage to residents who find it challenging to treat their issues at the local government clinics
(puskesmas) because of their remote location.


7.13 Public Opinion
7.13.1 Activity Engagement and Community Feedback

Based on the 2019 RKL-RPL Monitoring Report, which surveyed 100 people (56 people from
power plant area and 44 people from transmission line area), all respondents already know about
the UCPS hydropower development activities. This cannot be separated from the socialization
and development activities that restarted in 2018, following a pause from 2008 to 2016, when PLN
have held the public consultation. As for the plans and schedules for ongoing development
activities, most people do not know (68%). Some respondents (32%) stated that the primary
benefit of construction activities was the improved road access. A further 29% of respondents
considered that job opportunities were improved, where the implementing contractor always
prioritized the recruitment of local workers. In addition, 23% of respondents stated that they had
better public and social facilities, such as roads and bridges, religious facilities, health facilities,
sanitary facilities, clean water facilities, electricity networks, and others. Based on field
observations, the most positive impact felt by residents was the construction of new roads.

Respondents also knew about the 500 kV UCPS hydropower plant Transmission Line plan from
the socialization that has been going on since 2007. Meanwhile, the forms of problems or negative
perceptions expressed by residents include the process of land acquisition, employment,
compensation for community comfort, health, explosion disturbance, cracks in the house, the
absence of electricity, the unsuitable SPPT value, and the remaining land compensation that has
not been paid. Based on the results of the interviews, the land acquisition that has not been
completed is the community land (Tanah Kas Desa) and land in the planned inundation area.

7.13.2 Mechanism and Types of Complaints

In January 2013, PT. PLN established the Complaint Handling Task Force to manage complaints
related to implementation of LARAP. The personnel of this Task Force came from non-profit
organizations or universities, and/or experts who have commitments to and experience in
community development. The Task Force activities included: receiving complaints, field
verification, and monitoring the complaint resolution process. To provide convenient access for
residents if there were any problems and to accelerate field verification, the Task Force team

                                                                                                    173
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
assigned field workers to be posted at the Cipongkor and Rongga Sub-district offices. The task
force is temporary for the context of land acquisition, but it is an embryo for Community
Organizations to accommodate community complaints at the local level and then submit them to
the Grievance Task Force (GTF) Team, to be forwarded to relevant parties.

The GTF Team was reassigned in June 2015, with a working period until May 2016. This
assignment was in line with the commencement of the land acquisition process in the
transmission road project area, in August 2014. During this one-year working period (June 2015-
May 2016), the Complaints Handling Task Force provided 3 channels for receiving complaints;
through the TPA hotline number, direct visits (Basecamp/UPK/PMK), and through village
facilitators.

After May 2016, the Complaints Handling Task Force assignment was no longer extended. As a
result, from June 2016 to October 2018 (28 months), there were no records of complaints from the
public. Recording of complaints reappeared in November 2018. The party in charge was Legal,
Communication, and Land Affairs at UPP.

PT.PLN received between 15 to 95 complaints annually from 2013 to 2017. In 2018 there were 35
complaints, followed by 29 complaints in 2019. In 2020, PLN received 41 complaints from the
public. More complete types of complaints are presented in the 2020 ESIA Baseline Report
document.

Related to the Biodiversity Management Plan, awareness of the appeal not to trap and kill wildlife
was integrated into the dissemination of animal conservation and environmental protection. It
has been carried out several times in several different locations, including in Cangkuang hamlet.
In several houses in Cangkuang hamlet (BIA 14), a sign that reads “Posts for Grievance on Animal
and Plant Environmental Problems” has been installed as a follow-up to the conducted
dissemination program.

A Grievance Redress Mechanism has been developed as part of the SCMP to ensure that all
concerns/ complaints will be followed up and processed in a transparent and timely manner
throughout the project cycle.


7.14 Traffic and Road Safety
Traffic conditions can be reported based on the results of monitoring the implementation of RKL-
RPL from 2018 to 2019. Traffic Surveys havr been carried out at 2 (two) monitoring points with
the following descriptions:

1) Cijenuk – Cipari Direction (Cipari Intersection)

Cijenuk - Cipari Road is an access road for the entire area of Cipongkor District, especially for the
villages of Sarinagen and Karangsari. In Cijenuk, there are markets and bus terminals to the city
of Bandung. This type of road is a two-lane two-way road without a median (2/2 UD). This road
is not as busy as the Saguling (Rajamandala) junction. Residential areas, commercial places in the
form of kiosks, schools, the Grand Mosque and Islamic Center, the Office of Religious Affairs,
Cooperatives and the Cipongkor District Office are found along the existing road.

                                                                                                 174
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Based on the results of the analysis of the Capacity and Characteristics of the Service Level of the
Cipari Intersection Road Section from 2018 - 2019, the Cipari - Cijenuk road section has a service
level of A. There are no speed limits on this road.

2) Quarry Direction (Sarinagen Intersection)

The road condition at the location of the Gunung Karang mining plan has been paved using
asphalt to the boundary of the Mount Karang mining area. The asphalt paving facilitates the
movement of andesite transport vehicles from the mine site to the lower and upper dams.

The road from Cipari to the Bojong Loa intersection is a village road and provides access to the
entire village area of Sarinagen and Karangsari, Cipongkor District. When the Saguling
hydropower project was built, this road functioned as an access road to Gunung Karang (quarry).
As a paved road with a width of ± 10 m, this type of road is a two-lane two-way road without a
median (2/2 UD). A T-junction comes from the direction of Cipari - Gunung Karang - Cililin.
There are several community activities around the old access road between Mount Karang and
Cipari, including grocery stalls, food stalls, kiosks, residential areas, Cimega elementary schools,
Cipongkor special-needs education school, and the Al-Barqunnajah Foundation School.

Based on the results of the analysis of the Capacity and Characteristics of the Service Level of the
Bojong Loa Simpang Road Section from 2018 - 2019, the road to the hydropower plant has a
service level of A. There are no speed limits on this road. It should be noted that this road
descends towards the Saguling hydropower plant, and there is also a traditional market at the
intersection.

Based on reports on the results of field observations and the trend of the results of the 2018 and
2019 UCPS RKL-RPL Monitoring, the road safety aspects have improved. Runoff control in the
form of drainage channels along the shoulder of the main road and the mine site of Gunung
Karang, have been built from mortar and stone masonry. The drainage channel needs
maintenance because there are several locations where the canals are covered with vegetation.
Overall, the management of erosion and sedimentation associated with road construction
activities has undergone significant changes.

The placement of warning signs and maximum speed restrictions at locations in and out of project
vehicles have been installed along the existing road and new road. Road markings, as a sign on
the road surface or in the form of equipment on the road or signs that form longitudinal lines,
transverse lines, oblique lines and other symbols that serve to direct the flow of traffic and limit
the area of interest of traffic have also been implemented. Road dividing fences have also been
installed at each side of the road. However, some road signs/marks have been stolen, for example
a convex mirror mounted on the corner of the road that serves to find out/vehicles from the
opposite direction. The plan is that the sign will be re-installed, and monitoring will be carried
out so that the incident does not happen again. Noise barriers are not currently installed along
existing and new roads.

Street lighting has been installed on the left/right side of the existing road, which is used to
illuminate the road and the environment around the road. The lighting on the new access road
has not been implemented.


                                                                                                175
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
7.15 Natural Disaster Assessment
7.15.1 Seismic

Indonesia is located in a very active seismic zone, along the Pacific Ring of Fire. The project area
is located in Seismic Zone 4, with small to medium earthquake risks for building construction
(PLN, 2007). 62 earthquakes were recorded in Cianjur Regency between 1992 and 1993. Based on
a seismic hazard study in 2017, Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) in UCPS area is 0.5 to 0.6g (PLN
Enjiniring/Nippon Koei/Newjec Inc./Indokoei International/Wiratman, 2019c).




Figure 96. Java Seismic Seismicity 1900-2012 (Jones et al. 2014). Blue star in top map indicates project
location.

                                                                                                      176
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
7.15.2 Slope Stability

Slope stability is a problem in the hilly landscape of the project area. Landslides occur quite
frequently, due to loss of dense vegetation, high rainfall, earthquakes, modifications to the surface
and glide plane, weathered rocks and thick hummus, and steep slopes.

There were nine landslides in the period between 1990 and 1994, which affected the livelihoods
of nearly 1000 people in Cianjur Regency (PLN, 1998). In 2009, an earthquake measuring 7.3 on
the Richter scale triggered a landslide in Cianjur Regency and killed several people.

Slope stability within the project area was studied in detail in 2007 to assess the level of landslide
risk in the reservoir area. Several areas with the potential for landslides have been identified in
the upper reservoir.

7.15.3 Landslide Characteristics and Management of Slope

The landslide observed on the main road of the Upper and Lower Cisokan Hydroelectric Power
has different characteristics, both the type and causes. In general, these locations are on slopes
with an angle that has more than 45 degrees. Aside from the slope, there are several other causes
of landslides, namely weathering, erosion, weak field position, and the presence of clay shales.
Landslides generally occur at the boundary between bedrock and soil. Landslides occur in many
slopes. The soil on steep slopes of 40°-60° soil is easily eroded, leading to landslides. In hard
sandstone lithology or igneous rocks, the soils are so thin that folding them leaves only the rock
layer. Potential landslide locations on either side of the road leading to the cliff reinforcement
have been carried out with various models. The cliff is strengthened with terracing, gabion
ornaments or other reinforcement models.

Work on the management of slope and landslide areas was carried out in 2018, after the road
construction in 2013 - 2016. Road repairs and coatings also accompanied this work. Work on
handling the slope and landslide areas has been carried out at more than 60 points, and the
maintenance is ongoing. Some of the work at this stage includes work on gabion walls, soil
retaining wall, river stone retaining wall, shotcrete work and rock bolt/soil nailing. From several
landslide locations on the road that have been and are being repaired, 2 (two) locations were
identified as being of high potential risk are named ST.10 + 500 and ST.13 + 100. At present,
handling and monitoring of landslide points has been carried out on access road. Management
of slopes that have the potential for landslides due to cutting road cliffs has mainly been
strengthened. The techniques used are building retaining walls/rocks (DPT) with a shotcrete
surface covering system, making concrete buildings and/or from stone pairs (gabions), as well
as on slopes below the hill. There is also afforestation in areas that have erosion potential, namely
in steep/sloping contour areas with plants in the category of ground cover in the form of planting
Akar Wangi/Vetiveria zizanoides on the new road’s cliff.

7.15.4 Rock Porosity

The level of rock porosity is important to predict the potential for water loss from reservoirs into
groundwater and the interaction between surface water and groundwater. The level of water
breakdown in the dam's foundation rock has been measured using a water pressure test in the
test hole. The porosity level of bedrock in the upper and lower dam was generally low to very
                                                                                                  177
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
low, except for one sample in the upper dam. Most of the borehole test results show a higher level
of porosity in the weathered rock near the surface at each of the dam sites.

Flood risk is discussed in the hydrology section.


7.16 Cultural Heritage
The customs and traditions of the community in and around the project area are representative
of the customs and traditions of the Sundanese people. Sudanese artistic and cultural traditions
are still preserved and practiced throughout the project area and the wider West Bandung
Regency and Cianjur Regency. The Sundanese cultural traditions are present both as tangible and
intangible artefacts, as mentioned in Section 7.4.3. Many traditions and ceremonies are still
practiced and include Saweran, Qasidah, Selametan, Sunatan/Circumcision, Sawer Panganten,
Lamaran, Tujuh Bulan, Puput Puser, Gotong Royong Lobaan (Gorol ), and Ziarah (PLN, 2019d).

A comprehensive cultural heritage survey (Physical Cultural Resources Survey), which included
religious buildings and private graves, was conducted in 2009. The survey was carried out in
consultation with the community and included the identification of the location, grid reference
location using GPS, and photographic recording. The report, which is provided as standalone
report (Appendix H), contains comprehensive descriptions, maps and photos for each location.

None of the sites which are registered with local and national authorities have legal protection.
Locations that have particular importance, because they have religious or other significance, are
considered sacred graves, by the surrounding community and pilgrims, namely Batu Bedil and
Maqom Mbah Tubuy (highly regarded men’s graves). However, there are also many private graves
and religious structures within the project area which should also be respected and protected
during reservoir construction and preparation.




                                                                                              178
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
CHAPTER 8.                    PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND FEEDBACK
This chapter summarizes the bullet points on the public/stakeholder consultation activities
undertaken as part of the environmental and social impact assessment for the construction of the
Upper Cisokan Pump Hydropower Plant and the 500kV transmission line. The public
consultation was held on 30 September 2020, using the online Zoom meeting platform and in-
person in 5 locations, namely the Bappeda Office of West Bandung Regency, Rongga District,
Cipongkor District, Haurwangi District, and Bojongpicung District. Material presented at public
consultation activities includes:

       1. Inventory result data from environmental and social monitoring reports
       2. Assessment and management of environmental and social risks and impacts
       3. Acquisition of people's land used in the project (from now on referred to as aspects of
          LARAP)
       4. Boundary Determination of project-affected people or PAPs
       5. Risk determination of the UCPS project to the social and economic life of the people in the
          affected area
       6. Assessment of the project's impact on cultural heritage
       7. Assessment of stakeholder engagement
       8. Legislative aspects include the laws and regulations that have been established by the
          government and become the legal basis for the preparation of the ESIA for the
          Development of the Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage (UCPS) Hydropower Plant.

Through this public consultation, stakeholder and community suggestions are accommodated
for consideration in project development implementation. Several participants raised concerns,
questions, comments and suggestions about aspects related to the project in the public
consultation held at 2020. A summary of questions, input, and suggestions submitted by the
community during public consultation activities can be seen in Table 37.

This is not the first public consultation that has been held by PLN. There were several public
consultations held since 2008 as described in Table 38.

Table 37. Summary of questions, input and suggestions submitted by the community

 No          Public Figure/Related                                       Points Conveyed
                   Institutions
  1.     Ministry of Religion, West   1.   There are about 14 locations (5 villages) related to the donated land, including
         Bandung Regency                   graves, madrasas, and mosques. The building has been demolished but has not
                                           been rebuilt. It is hoped that the processes related to the facilities and
                                           infrastructure for worship places can be completed soon.
                                      2.   PLN has built the Religious affairs office on the affected waqf land, but an official
                                           written Handover has not been conducted.
  2.     Community and Village        1.   There are community lands in 5 villages which are the affected areas. There are
         Empowerment Office, West          different perceptions regarding the legal aspects related to the value of the
         Bandung Regency                   community land for replacement.
  3.     Cijambu Village Head         1.   Replacement of village assets and village treasury lands, especially in locations
                                           adjacent to the project site in the Cijambu village area, can continue
                                      2.   Social impact of workers entering the project site
                                      3.   Expectations for community involvement in the Upper Cisokan project
  4.     Cianjur Department of        1.   There is synergy with irrigated areas, especially Cihea and Cikondang,
         Agriculture                       considering that the Cianjur area is a food barn for rice producers that utilizes
                                           irrigation channels.
                                      2.   Expectations regarding synergy in community empowerment

                                                                                                                             179
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
  5.   Sukaresmi Village Head        1.   Hope for the continuity of the road access construction process that has just been
                                          built 900m
                                     2.   Expectations for completing the replacement of the remaining land and
                                          community lands in the Sukaresmi village area.
                                     3.   Expectations for the realization of cooperatives
                                     4.   Expectations for community involvement in the Upper Cisokan project
  6.   Sukaresmi Villagers           1.   Post access road work has an impact on building construction damage and private
                                          property
                                     2.   Expectations for proper guidance and management related to the PAP cooperative
  7.   Kepala Desa Cicadas Village   1.   Expectations for the completion of the replacement of the waqf land and village
       Head                               treasury lands.
                                     2.   Expectations for proper guidance and management related to cooperatives
  8.   Rongga District               1.   Hope for COMDEV completion priority
                                     2.   Expectations for clarity of targets regarding activities related to the development
                                          of Upper Cisokan



In general, the community already knows about the planned project activities. During public
consultation activities, the community generally supports the project and hopes that they will
remain informed, involved, and receive appropriate compensation along with certainty for all the
losses they have suffered.

The project has prepared a comprehensive Stakeholder Engagement Plan and Grievance Redress
Mechanism as part of the SCMP to build to ensure transparent, open consultations and dialogue
throughout the project cycle by:

       •    Ensuring that all stakeholders are fully informed and relevant project impacts
            disclosed;
       •    Ensuring participatory local community feedback and monitoring on the effectiveness
            of environmental and social mitigation measures;
       •    Maintaining broad support (stakeholder buy-in) for the project at the local level;
       •    Identifying opportunities for community sustainable programs.




                                                                                                                          180
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Table 38. Summary of public consultations held by PLN since 2008

 No       Theme              When            Where               Who & how many people              Key issues raised during the       How these issues were addressed in the
                                                                        participated                        consultation                         revised documents
 1    Resettlement        23 October   Sub-District office   47 participants:                    1. Compensation for their             1. The project will provide
      plan for existing   2008         of Cipongkor          • Sub-District Officials                buildings/assets along the           compensation for their assets (after
      road                                                   • Board of Sub-district leaders         RoW in the existing road.            loan agreement)
                                                             • Village Officials                                                       2. Accommodated in the EMP:
                                                             • Community         Leader   and    2. How local people can have             The construction labour will be
                                                             representative of the PAPs             opportunity to work in project        recruited from local villages to
                                                                                                    construction.                         construct and maintain the sections
                                                                                                                                          of road near their respective villages
                                                                                                                                          in accordance with the construction
                                                                                                                                          labour capability.
 2    Resettlement        23 October   Village office of     77 participants:                       Compensation        for    their      The      project     will     provide
      plan for existing   2008         Sarinagen.            • PLN        Generation      and       building’s asset along the RoW        compensation for their asset (after
      road                                                   Transmission of West Java,             of the existing road                  signing of loan agreement)
                                                             • LPPM UNPAD
                                                             • District Officials
                                                             • Sub-District officials
                                                             • Village officials
                                                             • Informal Leaders, and
                                                             • Representative of PAPs

 3    Resettlement        25 October   Village office of     42 participants:                    1. Transparency on payment            1. Direct payment through bank
      plan for new        2008.        Cijambu, Cibitung,    • PLN        Generation     and                                              account.
      road                             Sukaresmi             Transmission of West Java,          2. Administration cost for land       2. Administration cost is part of
                                                             • LPPM UNPAD                           certificate of the remaining          assistance covered by the project.
                                                             • Sub-District Officials               land.                              3. Covered in the EMP that the project
                                                             • Sub-District Leaders              3. Compensation for private              will provide compensation to the
                                                             • Village Officials                    grave/cemetery.                       private graves.
                                                             • Informal Leader, and
                                                             •    Representative      of  the
                                                             community who area affected by
                                                             the Project.

 4    Resettlement        30 August    Subdistrict office    75 participants:                    1. Transparency on payment.           1. Direct payment through bank
      plan         for    2009         of Haurwangi,         •Representative of 11 villages                                               account.
      transmission                     Cianjur District.     •PLN        Generation        and   2. More information on negative
      line and tower                                          Transmission of West Java,            impacts on health from             2. Covered in the EMP section III
                                                             •LPPM UNPAD                            transmission lines                    Operation Stage about mitigation
                                                             • Sub-District officials                                                     measure.
                                                             • Sub-District Officials            3. Incentive for ROW of
                                                             • Village Officials                    transmission lines is too small    3. To be considered in Loan
                                                             • Community Informal Leaders           (10% of NJOP).                        Agreement (10% of market price).
                                                             and


                                                                                                                                                                              181
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
 No       Theme           When           Where               Who & how many people            Key issues raised during the      How these issues were addressed in the
                                                                    participated                       consultation                      revised documents
                                                         • PAPs of the transmission line   4. Grievance redress handling        4. LARAP on Grievance redress
                                                         project                               unit located at the closest to      handling
                                                         • PAPs of the Tower project           PAP’s location.
                                                         •    Representative of women
                                                         group
                                                         • Community leaders
 5    Resettlement     8 October   Karangnunggal         71 participants:                  1. Market price requested by         1. Licensed appraiser will asses
      plan for lower   2009        Village office, Sub   • PLN         Generation    and      PAP for all affected asset and       affected assets assessed by refers to
      dam                          District Cibeber,     Transmission of West Java,           their livelihood.                    the replacement cost as described
                                   Cianjur               • LPPM UNPAD                                                              in the independent appraisal TOR.
                                                         • Sub-District officials          2. Transparency on payment.
                                                         • Sub-District Officials                                               2. Direct payment through bank
                                                         • Village Officials               3. Accessibility in the new sites       account.
                                                         • Informal Leaders                   and rehabilitation assistance
                                                         • Representative of PAPs             to restore the livelihood         3. New location will be as close as
                                                         • Representative of tenants in                                            possible from their previous
                                                             the forestry area             4. More consultation with the           village. Public utilities and
                                                         •    Representative of women         PAP on value and options of          infrastructure will be provided in
                                                         group                                compensation.                        the new location. Rehabilitation
                                                                                                                                   assistance will be considered as
                                                                                           5. Sharecroppers/tenants will           PAPs need
                                                                                              lose income from cultivating
                                                                                              forestry land.                    4. PLN will work closely with the
                                                                                                                                   LAC during land acquisition
                                                                                           6. Women participation on land          process
                                                                                              acquisition process.
                                                                                                                                5. Rehabilitation assistance for such
                                                                                                                                   PAPs.

                                                                                                                                6. Covered in Gender mainstream
                                                                                                                                   strategy.
 6    Resettlement     9 October   sub district          45 participants:                  1. Market price requested by         1. TOR of valuation for affected assets
      plan for lower   2009        Campaka office,       • PLN         Generation   and       PAP for all affected asset and       by licensed appraiser refers to cost
      dam                          District Cianjur,     Transmission of West Java,           their livelihood.                    approach (without depreciation)
                                                         • LPPM UNPAD                      2. How the physically displaced         and market price.
                                                         • Sub-District officials             people will move to new site      2. PLN will provide resettlement
                                                         • Sub-District officials          3. Women’s question: public             assistance
                                                         • Village Officials                  school for their children         3. PLN will rebuild the affected
                                                         • Community Informal Leaders      4. More information on facilities       school and/or may build new
                                                         and                                  and utilities in new sites.          school in the new site.
                                                         • Representative of PAPs                                               4. Consultation and discussion as
                                                         • Representative of tenants in                                            described in ch. 5 of LARAP.
                                                             the forestry area



                                                                                                                                                                        182
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
 No       Theme             When             Where               Who & how many people           Key issues raised during the     How these issues were addressed in the
                                                                       participated                      consultation                      revised documents
                                                             •    Representative of women
                                                             group
 7    Project            11 Nov 2009   PLN Project           Relevant institutions from: West    How to synergize objectives of      Accommodated        in     LARAP
      development                      Prokitring West       Java Province ,                     the project with the regional       documents.
      plan                             Java office,          West Bandung District and           government programs.
                                       Bandung               Cianjur District

 8    Socialization of   11 February   Pondok Pesantren      - Mayor of West Bandung
      UCPS Project       2010          Pusaka Baru at          district
      and                              Sirnagalih village,   - Head of Sirnagalih village
      implementation                   Cipongkor sub-        - Head of Cipongkor sub-
      of CSR Program                   district, West          district
      (donation for                    Bandung district.     - Principals of Sirnagalih and
      schools     and                                          Cipari elementary school
      mosques                                                - Community leaders
      renovation)
 9    Socialization of   19 March      Karangnunggal         - Bupati of Cianjur district
      UCPS Project       2010          village office,       - Head of Karangnunggal
      and                              Cianjur District        village
      implementation                                         - Head of Cibeber sub-district
      of CSR Program                                         - Principals of Cisero and
      (donation for                                            BinaWarga elementary school
      schools     and                                        - Community leaders
      mosques                                                -
      renovation)
 10   Socialization of   25 May 2010   NGO office,           Members of DPKLTS                   Land substitution for forest        Study on location for land
      UCPS Project                     Bandung (Dewan                                            land to be in the Cisokan           substitution (December 2010 to
                                       Pemerhati                                                 catchment area                      March 2011)
                                       Kehutanan dan
                                       Lingkungan Tatar
                                       Sunda)

 11   Dissemination      7 August      West Java             Governor, Director of PLN,          Governor is waiting for BPN’        Project delayed
      of information     2010          Governor Official     Provincial Official Officers from   decision    regarding     with
      for      Upper                   House                 Dinas     Kehutanan,       Perum    determination of location
      Cisokan Project                                        Perhutani, BPN
 12   Upper Cisokan      23-26         Jakarta               - Public                                                             Advantages of hydro power pumped
      Hydro Power        September     Convention Center                                                                          storage power plant compare to
      Pumped             2010          on Indonesia                                                                               conventional hydro power
      Storage                          Business – BUMN
      Development                      Expo and
      Plan                             Conference
                                       (IBBEX)



                                                                                                                                                                      183
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
 No       Theme              When              Where               Who & how many people               Key issues raised during the      How these issues were addressed in the
                                                                          participated                         consultation                         revised documents
 13   Hydro Power         21 October     Institute of         - Prof. Roman Klasinc from                                                 Project preparation and description
      Pumped              2010           Technology              Austria
      Storage                            Surabaya             - ITS Students
      Technology                                              - ITS Lecturers
                                                              - Department of Public Works
                                                                 of East Java
 14   Resettlement        24 Oct 2010    Rongga sub-          54     participants:    sub-district   1. Value of compensation refers     1. Value of compensation will be
      plan for existing                  district office,     officials, subdistrict officials,         to the market price.                carried out by Independent
      road                               West Bandung         village officials, informal leaders    2. Relocation site: 1. Move by         appraisal.
                                         District             (religious, community, youth);            them-selves. 2. Follow PLN’s
                                                              representatives        of     PAPs        program.                         2. This aspiration is covered in
                                                              subdistrict                            3. PAPs want to know precise           options of resettlement.
                                                                                                        time on construction of the
                                                                                                        Upper Cisokan Pumped             3. PLN has target to start this project
                                                                                                        Storage Project because they        in 2011
                                                                                                        have uncertainly waited since
                                                                                                        1989.                            4. Public announcement and
                                                                                                     4. Transparency of inventory for       grievance redress resolution.
                                                                                                        affected people and asset.
 15   Coordination        23 December    Le Aries Hotel,      - West Bandung Bappeda                 1. Recent status of project         1. Waiting for BPN’s decision.
      for         land    2010           Bandung              - District secretary                      location determination
      acquisition plan                                        - Official officers: Dinas                                                 2. Loan Agreement as legal basis for
                                                                 Kehutanan, Perum Perhutani,         2. Implementation of OP 4.12           land acquisition implementation
                                                                 BPN, Subdistricts
 16   Coordination        13 January     Cianjur PLN office   - Cianjur Bappeda                      1. Recent status of project         1. Waiting for BPN’s decision.
      for         land    2011                                - District secretary                      location determination
      acquisition plan                                        - Official officers: Dinas             2. Implementation of OP 4.12        2. Loan Agreement as legal basis for
                                                                 Kehutanan, Perum Perhutani,                                                carrying out the land acquisition
                                                                 BPN, Subdistricts
 17   Options        on   31 January     Along access road    Participants from PAPs who are         1. Replacement for land belongs     1. Tabel 4.1 (entitlement PAPs)
      relocation sites    2011 (Access   row and along        affected the access road and              of the forestry land that           provides assistance for this group
                          Road) and      lower reservoir      lower reservoir                           occupied by PAPs                 2. Get the same compensation but not
                          13-14          footprint                                                   2. Is the land without land            the same value
                          February                            131 participants from PAPs who            certificate get the same         3. The value of affected assets carried
                          2011 (Lower    Cimarel              are living in the village of Tapos,       compensation which are              out by licensed appraiser based on
                          Reservoir).    Elementary           Cimarel,          Cipateungteung,         certified?                          market price/cost approach.
                                         School, Cimarel      Lembur Panjang, Lembur Sawah,          3. NJOP can’t be used anymore       4. PLN will provide social/public
                          6 February     Hamlet,              Campaka, Cimanggu, Cibenda,               because market price is higher      facilities
                          2011           Sukaresmi Village,   Cilengkong, Gasintu, Cibima,              than NJOP (10 times)             5. PLN consider it and cover in the
                                         Rongga sub-          Cipedes, Cilawang Hamlets and          4. Replacement for social/             LARAP.
                                         district, West       government        officials   from        public facilities                6. It must be paid by PAP from
                                         Bandung District     Sukaresmi village office               5. Continuation                        compensation on PAPs’ affected
                                                                                                        school/education for children       assets
                                                                                                        who moved their family


                                                                                                                                                                                184
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
 No       Theme             When             Where           Who & how many people                 Key issues raised during the      How these issues were addressed in the
                                                                  participated                             consultation                       revised documents
                                                                                                6. Is land and house free or         7. PLN gives a freedom to PAPs to
                                                                                                    paid?                               choose the option as they need
                                                                                                7. People want to move by
                                                                                                    themselves
 18   Coordination       9 February    West Java         - Assistance of Province                   Recent status of project         1. Waiting for BPN’s decision.
      for         land   2011          Province Office      Secretaries                             location determination
      acquisition plan                                   - Officials from West Java                                                  2. Legal division from West Java
                                                            Province Office                                                             Province Office will review PLN’s
                                                         Official       officers:      Dinas                                            status as government entity.
                                                         Kehutanan, BPPT, BPN Province
 19   Project            17 February   Sub-District of   - Assistance of District Secretaries   1. Environmental issues and          1. PLN has allocated budget for
      information        2011          Rongga Office,    - Head commission of DPRD                 renewing coordination                coordination and developing
                                       West Bandung      Commission C                              agreement between district           infrastructures in West Bandung
                                       District                                                    and PLN. Such as Cisokan             district.
                                                         Official officers: district, sub-         project should not create giant      Cisokan not accommodate waste
                                                         district     Rongga,        DPRD          septic tank like Saguling            water from outside and banned for
                                                         Commission C (local parliament).          (disposal water from Bandung         fishing and farming activity due to
                                                                                                   city enters to Saguling )            safety reason.

                                                                                                2. Farm labour/tenants/
                                                                                                   sharecropper should be            2.   LARAP has covered this
                                                                                                   considered for compensation
                                                                                                   on their assets
 20   Project impact     23 February   Horison Hotel     86 participants from:                  1. Before the inundation needs       1. It has been planned in the EMP
      on                 2011          Bandung           - Universities: ITB, UNPAD,               properly information to the       2. It has been paid attention on the
      environmental                                        UPI                                     community nearby.                    mitigation plan as part of the EMP
      and       social                                   - NGOs                                 2. Biodiversity and other            3. Waiting for location determination
      impact and its                                     - Local medias                            environmental impact                 by governor
      mitigation.                                        - West Bandung District                3. Recent status of project          4. It has been covered in the LARAP.
                                                         - Cianjur District                     4. Monitoring and evaluation            External monitoring will be carried
                                                         - West Java Province                      during and post                      out by independent and PLN for
                                                         - DPRD                                    implementation                       internal monitoring
                                                                                                5. Many neighbourhoods nearby        5. It has been considered by PLN and
                                                                                                   PLN’s project do not get             PLN will supply electricity to the
                                                                                                   electricity supply.                  affected villages
                                                                                                6. Right of the people who are       6. PLN has paid attention for their
                                                                                                   living on the forest land for        livelihood and they are eligible for
                                                                                                   long period from generation          compensation on their assets other
                                                                                                   to generation without any            than land and for assistance as
                                                                                                   sanction/warning from the            described in table 4.1, LARAPs
                                                                                                   forestry depart.                  7. PLN provides compensation either
                                                                                                7. Cultural property and local          on private or communal/village
                                                                                                   wisdom should be considered          cemetery. Consultation is very
                                                                                                                                        important to hear/adopt local


                                                                                                                                                                            185
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
 No       Theme              When              Where             Who & how many people                Key issues raised during the        How these issues were addressed in the
                                                                      participated                             consultation                        revised documents
                                                                                                   8. After completion of                    wisdom in the implementation of
                                                                                                       construction, i) cashew and           LARAP.
                                                                                                       banyan trees suitable for          8. Good input and PLN will consider
                                                                                                       conservation in quarry area; ii)      it.
                                                                                                       palm and cashew trees
                                                                                                       suitable for cultivation in the
                                                                                                       greenbelt of upper and lower
                                                                                                       reservoirs
 21   i) Options on       1 March 2011   Cijambu Village      40 participants from PAPs who        1. Livestock package for lambs is      1. Good input. The community can
      livelihood                         office, Cipongkor    are affected from the access road.       better than poultries due to          select package options as needs and
      restoration and                    Sub-District, West                                            avian flu risk                        local conditions.
      capacity                           Bandung for PAP                                           2. Aid for seedlings for paddies       2. PLN will consider
      building                           who are affected                                              (bibit unggul)                     3. It is good to sustain the livelihood
      program;      ii)                  the access road                                           3. Participants/PAPs who own           4. PLN will consider
      Environment                                             34 participants from PAPs who            farmland hope to buy new           5. PLN will consider
      and iii) Hotline                   Sukaresmi village    are affected the upper reservoir.        farmland                           6. PAPs should inform their
      for PAPs to                        office, Rongga                                            4. Training for prevention of             moving/new address to the project
      PLN at 0819                        Sub-District, West                                            poultry diseases and its              field office (posko proyek)
      1046 9060 for                      Bandung district                                              treatment.                         7. PLN has considered about it
      any questions/                     for PAP who are                                           5. Training for prevention of          8. PLN has considered about it in the
      request                            affected the upper                                            plant pests and its treatment         LARAP
      information                        reservoir                                                 6. How the PAP knows about             9. PAP can decide their option
                                                                                                       the training package if they       10. PLN will consider
                                                                                                       move by themselves                 11. PLN will explain these scheme
                                                                                                   7. Accessibility for new location          during implementation
                                                                                                       either provided by the PLN or      12. Due to fluctuations in water levels
                                                                                                       chosen by themselves                   fluctuate dam and slide risk
                                                                                                   8. Replacement for land belongs        13. PLN will consider
                                                                                                       to forestry land that occupied
                                                                                                       by PAPs
                                                                                                   9. Participants/PAPs prefer to
                                                                                                       move to the same village by
                                                                                                       themselves.
                                                                                                   10. Aid for seedling for coffee
                                                                                                         and coconut and training to
                                                                                                         maintain the plants to get a
                                                                                                         good harvest
                                                                                                   11. How to pay for land and
                                                                                                         house provided by PLN?
                                                                                                         cash, credit?
                                                                                                   12. Why can’t the community
                                                                                                         have activity close to
                                                                                                         reservoir?



                                                                                                                                                                               186
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
 No       Theme            When              Where               Who & how many people                Key issues raised during the       How these issues were addressed in the
                                                                      participated                            consultation                        revised documents
                                                                                                   13. Training for organic fertilizer
                                                                                                        since chemicals to far away
                                                                                                        and costly
 22                     4 March 2011   Margaluyu village      110 participants from PAPs who
                                       office, sub-district   are affected the lower reservoir.
                                       Cibeber, Cianjur
                                       District for PAP
                                       who are affected
                                       the lower reservoir

 23   Consolidation     8 March 2011   PLN Bandung            27 Officials   from    Provincial   1. PLN President Director has          - Provincial Government will invite
      meeting      in   09.00          Office                 Government                             followed up BPN’s letter with         MEMR to discuss land acquisition
      preparation of                                                                                 sending a letter to Ministry of       process
      Land                                                                                           Energy and Mineral Resources
      Acquisition                                                                                    (MEMR) regarding land
      Implementation                                                                                 acquisition process.                - PLN will follow the new guidelines
      with        the                                                                             2. New BPN regulation no 2 of
      Provincial                                                                                     2011 concerning on technical
      Government                                                                                     consideration on land services      - Indonesian laws/ regulations and the
                                                                                                  3. Gap between Indonesian                World Bank Policy will complement
                                                                                                     laws/regulations with the WB          each other and they will be included
                                                                                                     policy                                in the loan agreement as legal basis in
                                                                                                                                           land acquisition implementation.
                                                                                                                                         - Coordination and synchronization
                                                                                                                                           between PLN and related
                                                                                                                                           governmental agencies is needed to
                                                                                                                                           implement the LARAPs.

 24   Consolidation     8 March 2011   PLN Bandung            16  Officials  from    DPRD         1.   The WB was being questioned       1.   The Bank said that the headline was
      meeting      in   16.00          Office                 Commission A (West Bandung)              on how serious the Bank in             written in Galamedia Online dated
      preparation of                                                                                   financing the project since            March 3, 2011 is factually incorrect.
      Land                                                                                             there has been reports from            Any questions regarding the project
      Acquisition                                                                                      local newspaper that the Bank          should be asked directly to PLN or
      Implementation                                                                                   hesitant in financing the              the WB.
      with the Local                                                                                   project due to delayed location
      People's                                                                                         determination
      Representative                                                                                                                     2.   The main project including new
      Council                                                                                     2.   The project should provide             access road development will
      (DPRD)                                                                                           economic benefits to the local         provide direct and indirect
      Commission A                                                                                     community                              economic impacts to the districts as
                                                                                                                                              well as local community. Negative
                                                                                                                                              impact on social and environmental
                                                                                                                                              mitigation have been identified and
                                                                                                                                              planned well in the LARAPs.


                                                                                                                                                                                 187
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
 No       Theme          When             Where              Who & how many people               Key issues raised during the       How these issues were addressed in the
                                                                     participated                        consultation                        revised documents
 25                   8 March 2016   Office PT. PLN        - Sinotech consultant                  1.    Construction work to be     1. School representatives around the
      Public                                               - DAW-JV contractor                          carried out                    Upper Cisokan Hydroelectric
      consultation.                                      - Principals and Teachers with a         2.    Traffic management             Power Plant Roadway who were
      Pre-                                                  total of 75 participants and 10             including safety (dust         present at the public consultation
      construction                                          school representatives (3 of                disturbance, noise and         has understood the construction
      Phase 1                                               whom are women) from:                       traffic safety)                work and traffic management of the
                                                            1. SD Cimega                                                               UCPS Hydroelectric Power Plant
                                                            2. SD Sarinagen                                                            construction.
                                                            3. SLB Try Medya
                                                            4. Yayasan Al-Barqunnajah
                                                            5. SD Cilawang
                                                            6. SD Cimarel
                                                            7. SMP Cimarel
                                                            8. MI Al-Tarbiyah
                                                            9. SD Girimukti
                                                            10. SD Cantrawayang
 26   Public          18 March       Office PT. PLN       - West Bandung Regency              1. Construction work to be            1. Regional government representatives
      consultation.   2016           UIP VI                 Resettlement Implementation          carried out                            around      the   Upper    Cisokan
      Pre-                                                  Team                              2. Traffic management including           Hydroelectric      Power      Plant
      construction                                        - Cipongkor District (Sarinagen        safety (dust disturbance, noise        Roadway who were present at the
      Phase 2                                               Village, Cijambu Village and         and traffic safety)                    public       consultation     event
                                                            Sirnagalih Village)               3. Safety Health Management               understood the construction work
                                                          - Rongga District (Cibitung            including HIV / AIDS                   and traffic management of the UCPS
                                                            Village, Sukaresmi Village,       4. Workers Camp Management                Hydroelectric      Power      Plant
                                                            Bojongsalam Village and           5. Biodiversity Management Plan           construction.
                                                            Cicadas Village)                  6. Job / Business Opportunities
                                                          - Sinotech consultant               7. Mechanisms for submitting
                                                          - DAW-JV                               complaints / complaints
                                                          - PT. UIP VI                        8. Camp followers
                                                          - PT. UPKP Hydro I
                                                          - The number of participants
                                                            who attended was 35 people (3
                                                            of them were women)
 27   Public          24 May 2016    Office of PT. PLN    - Cipongkor District                1. Construction work to be carried    1. Regional government representatives
      consultation.                  UIP JBT I              Representative                       out                                     around the Upper Cisokan
      Pre-                                                - Sindangkerta Police Chief         2. Traffic management including            Hydroelectric    Power      Plant
      construction                                        - Danramil Sindangkerta             safety (dust disturbance, noise and        Roadway who were present at the
      Phase 3                                             - Village Heads and residents       traffic safety)                            public     consultation     event
                                                            of Karangsari, Sarinagen,                                                    understood the construction work
                                                            Cijambu and Sirnagalih                                                       and traffic management of the
                                                            Villages                                                                     UCPS Hydroelectric Power Plant
                                                               A total of 34 participants                                                construction.
                                                               attended



                                                                                                                                                                         188
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
 No       Theme            When            Where               Who & how many people              Key issues raised during the        How these issues were addressed in the
                                                                       participated                       consultation                          revised documents
 28   Public            26 May 2016   Hall of                   -     Camat Cibeber           1. Construction work to be carried      1. Regional government representatives
      consultation.                   Karangnunggal             -     Kapolsek Cibeber           out                                       around the Upper Cisokan
      Pre-                            Village                   -     Danramil Cibeber                                                     Hydroelectric    Power      Plant
      construction                                              -     Kepala Desa dan                                                      Roadway who were present at the
      Phase 4                                                         warga Desa                                                           public     consultation     event
                                                                      Karangnunggal                                                        understood the construction work
                                                                -     Kepala Desa dan                                                      and traffic management of the
                                                                      warga Desa Girimulya                                                 UCPS Hydroelectric Power Plant
                                                                A total of 33 participants                                                 construction.
                                                                attended
 29   Public            2 June 2016   Hall of Sukaresmi   -   Kapolsek Gununghalu             1. Construction work to be carried      1. Regional government representatives
      consultation.                   Village             -   Danramil Gununghalu                out                                       around access road of the Upper
      Pre-                                                -   Kepala Desa dan perwakilan                                                   Cisokan Hydroelectric Power Plant
      construction                                            warga Desa Cibitung                                                          who were present at the public
      Phase 5                                             -   Kepala Desa dan perwakilan                                                   consultation event had understood
                                                              warga Desa Sukaresmi                                                         the construction work and traffic
                                                          -   Kepala Desa dan perwakilan                                                   management      of    the   UCPS
                                                              warga Bojongsalam                                                            Hydroelectric     Power     Plant
                                                          -   Kepala Desa dan perwakilan                                                   construction.
                                                              warga Cicadas
                                                                A total of 95 participants
                                                                attended
 30   Public            30            Online & Offline    -   The public consultation was     -   Inventory result data from          - There are community lands in 5
      consultation      September     Meeting                 held on 30 September 2020,          environmental      and     social     villages which are the affected areas.
      ESIA        dan   2020                                  using the online Zoom               monitoring reports                    There are different perceptions
      LARAP 2020                                              meeting platform and in-        -   Assessment and management             regarding the legal aspects related to
                                                              person in 5 locations, namely       of environmental and social           the value of the community land for
                                                              the Bappeda Office of West          risks and impacts                     replacement.
                                                              Bandung Regency, Rongga         -   Acquisition of people's land        - Replacement of village assets and
                                                              District, Cipongkor District,       used in the project (from now         village treasury lands, especially in
                                                              Haurwangi District, and             on referred to as aspects of          locations adjacent to the project site in
                                                              Bojongpicung District               LARAP)                                the Cijambu village area, can continue
                                                                                              -   Boundary Determination of           - Social impact of workers entering the
                                                                                                  project-affected people or PAPs       project site
                                                                                              -   Risk determination of the UCPS      - Expectations         for      community
                                                                                                  project to the social and             involvement in the Upper Cisokan
                                                                                                  economic life of the people in        project
                                                                                                  the affected area                   - There is synergy with irrigated areas,
                                                                                              -   Assessment of the project's           especially Cihea and Cikondang,
                                                                                                  impact on cultural heritage           considering that the Cianjur area is a
                                                                                              -   Assessment of stakeholder             food barn for rice producers that
                                                                                                  engagement                            utilizes irrigation channels.
                                                                                              -   Legislative aspects include the     - Expectations regarding synergy in
                                                                                                  laws and regulations that have        community empowerment


                                                                                                                                                                               189
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
 No       Theme         When            Where           Who & how many people         Key issues raised during the         How these issues were addressed in the
                                                             participated                      consultation                            revised documents
                                                                                      been     established    by    the    - Hope for the continuity of the road
                                                                                      government and become the              access construction process that has
                                                                                      legal basis for the preparation of     just been built 900m
                                                                                      the ESIA for the Development         - Expectations for completing the
                                                                                      of the Upper Cisokan Pumped            replacement of the remaining land and
                                                                                      Storage (UCPS) Hydropower              community lands in the Sukaresmi
                                                                                      Plant.                                 village area.
                                                                                                                           - Expectations for the realization of
                                                                                                                             cooperatives
                                                                                                                           - Expectations       for     community
                                                                                                                             involvement in the Upper Cisokan
                                                                                                                             project
                                                                                                                           - Post access road work has an impact on
                                                                                                                             building construction damage and
                                                                                                                             private property
                                                                                                                           - Expectations for proper guidance and
                                                                                                                             management related to the PAP
                                                                                                                             cooperative
                                                                                                                           - Hope for community development
                                                                                                                             program completion priority
                                                                                                                           - Expectations for clarity of targets
                                                                                                                             regarding activities related to the
                                                                                                                             development of Upper Cisokan




                                                                                                                                                                 190
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
CHAPTER 9.              METHODOLOGY FOR IMPACT ASSESSMENT

9.1 Impact Assessment
Initially, the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) involves identification of a
project’s activities and potential environmental and social impacts resulting from impact
pathways operating of each project phase, which may include site preparation, construction,
reinstatement, operation and decommissioning. The ESIA also encompasses planned routine
activities; planned, but non-routine activities; and unplanned or accidental events.

An impact is defined as ‘any change to the physical, biological or social environment, whether
adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organization’s activities, products
or services. An impact may be the result from any or all project activities of the project phases.

Identifying impacts starts by scoping and continues through the ESIA. The core activity of an
ESIA is the prediction, evaluation and mitigation of impacts. Prediction of impacts is
essentially an objective exercise to determine what could potentially happen due to the
development of the Project and its associated activities. The diverse range of potential impacts
considered in the ESIA process results in a wide range of prediction methods being used
including quantitative, semi-quantitative and qualitative techniques.

The types of impacts considered have been categorized according to their various
characteristics (for example, are they detrimental or beneficial, direct or indirect, etc.). Impacts
arise as a result of project activities either through direct interaction or by causing changes to
existing conditions such that an indirect effect occurs. Accurate identification of potential
impacts is the critical first step within the impact assessment process.

At this stage within the assessment process, all issues are screened, and a judgement made as
to whether the potential impacts are of sufficient magnitude to cause a measurable impact.
Where an impact is deemed to be so small as to be insignificant, no further consideration will
be given to them during the assessment process.

It is important to note that impact prediction takes into account any mitigation or control
measures that are part of the project design (e.g., acoustic enclosures for major equipment).
Additional mitigation measures, aimed at further reducing predicted impacts, are proposed
where necessary or appropriate.

Table 39 defines the terminology used for the ESIA assessment methodology.

Table 39. Impact Assessment Terminology

 Term                   Definition
 Impact Magnitude
 Magnitude              Estimate of the size of the impact (e.g. the size of the area damaged or impacted,
                        the % of a resource that is lost or affected etc.)
 Impact Nature
 Negative Impact        An impact that is considered to represent an adverse change from the baseline, or
                        introduces a new undesirable factor
 Positive Impact        An impact that is considered to represent an improvement on the baseline or
                        introduces a new desirable factor


                                                                                                             191
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
 Term                   Definition
 Neutral Impact         An impact that is considered to represent neither an improvement nor
                        deterioration in baseline conditions
 Impact Duration
 Temporary              Impacts are predicted to be of short duration and intermittent/ occasional in
                        nature
 Short-term             Impacts that are predicted to last only for a limited period (e.g., during
                        construction) but will cease on completion of the activity, or as a result of
                        mitigation/ reinstatement measures and natural recovery
 Long-term              Impacts that will continue over an extended period (e.g., operational noise) but
                        cease when the project stops operating. These will include impacts that may be
                        intermittent or repeated rather than continuous if they occur over an extended time
                        period
 Permanent              Impacts that occur once on development of the project and cause a permanent
                        change in the affected receptor or resource (e.g., the destruction of a cultural
                        artefact of loss of a sensitive habitat) that endures substantially beyond the Project
                        lifetime
 Impact Extent
 Local                  Impacts are on a local scale (e.g., restricted to the vicinity of the plant, i.e. restricted
                        to within the project area)
 Regional               Impacts are on a broader scale (effects extend well beyond the immediate vicinity
                        of the facilities and affect the larger region, in this case western Java)
 International          Impacts are on a global scale (e.g., could extend beyond national boundaries/affect
                        existence of species)


 Impact Type
 Direct Impact          Impacts that result from a direct interaction between a planned project activity and
                        the receiving environment (e.g., between occupation of a plot of land and the
                        habitats which are lost)
 Secondary Impact       Impacts that follow on from the primary interactions between the project and its
                        environment as a result of subsequent interactions within the environment (e.g.,
                        loss of part of a habitat affects the viability of a species population over a wider
                        area)
 Indirect Impact        Impacts that result from other activities that are encouraged to happen as a
                        consequence of the project (e.g., presence of project promotes service industries in
                        the region)
 Cumulative Impact      Impacts that act together with other impacts to affect the same environmental
                        resource or receptor
 Residual Impact        Impacts that remain after mitigation measures have been designed into the
                        intended activity



Assessment of the significance of the impacts requires consideration of the likelihood and
magnitude of the environmental or social effects; the geographical scale and duration in
relation to the sensitivity of the key receptors and resources are also considered. Criteria for
assessing the significance of impacts stem from the following key elements:

    1.   Magnitude of Impact
    2.   Sensitivity of Receptor
    3.   Likelihood of Impact
    4.   Severity of Impact


                                                                                                                       192
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
9.1.1 Magnitude of Impact

The magnitude (including nature, scale and duration) of the change to the natural
environment (for example, loss or damage to habitats or an increase in noise), which is
expressed in quantitative terms wherever practicable.

Magnitude is categorized as follows:

    •   No change
    •   Slight
    •   Low
    •   Medium
    •   High

9.1.2 Sensitivity of Receptor

The nature of the impact receptor, which may be physical, biological, or human. Where the
receptor is physical (for example a body of water) its quality, sensitivity to change and
importance are considered. Where the receptor is biological, its importance (be it local,
regional, national or international) and its sensitivity to impact are considered. For a human
receptor, the sensitivity of the community or wider societal group is considered along with its
ability to adapt to and manage the effects of the impact.

Sensitivity of receptor is categorized as:

    •   Low
    •   Low-Medium
    •   Medium
    •   Medium-High
    •   High

9.1.3 Likelihood of impact

The Likelihood (probability) of Impact identified is estimated based upon experience and/or
evidence that such an outcome has previously occurred. The likelihood categories are shown
in Table 40.

Table 40. Likelihood Categories

 Likelihood             Definition
 Extremely unlikely     The event is very unlikely to occur under normal operating conditions but may
                        occur in exceptional circumstances, i.e. the event is generally never heard of in
                        industry
 Unlikely               The event is unlikely but may occur at some time during normal operating
                        conditions, i.e. the event is heard of in industry
 Low Likelihood         The event is likely to occur at some time during normal operating conditions,
                        i.e. incident has occurred in the company before
 Medium Likelihood      The event is very likely to occur during normal operating conditions, i.e. the
                        event occurs several times per year in the company



                                                                                                            193
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
 High Likelihood                       /   The event will occur during normal operating conditions (is inevitable), i.e. the
 Inevitable                                event happens several times per year at a location



9.1.4 Severity of Impact

The Severity of Impacts is then devised from a combination of the Sensitivity of the Receptor
and the Magnitude of Impact (Table 41).

Table 41. Determining the Severity of Impacts

                                               Sensitivity of Receptor
                                                               Low-                              Medium-
                                               Low                             Medium                         High
                                                               Medium                            High
                              No Change        Slight          Slight          Slight            Slight       Slight
                              Slight           Slight          Slight          Low               Low          Low
                              Low              Slight          Low             Medium            Medium       Medium
              Magnitude




                              Medium           Low             Medium          High              High         High
                              High             Medium          High            High              Very High    Very High



9.1.5 Significance of Impact

The Significance of Impact is determined by evaluating the Severity of Impact and the
Likelihood of Impact, and the Likelihood of Impact (Table 42). Planned events will be those
with high or inevitable likelihood – i.e., 100% chance of occurrence.

Table 42. Determining the Significance of Impacts

                                           Impact Likelihood
                                                                                                              High
                                           Extremely                        Low             Medium-           Likelihood     /
                                                             Unlikely
                                           Unlikely                         Likelihood      Likelihood        Inevitable
                                                                                                              (Planned Event)
                          Slight           Negligible        Negligible     Negligible      Negligible        Negligible
                          Low              Negligible        Negligible     Negligible      Negligible    -   Minor
                                                                                            Minor
                          Medium           Negligible        Minor          Minor           Minor         -   Moderate
                                                                                            Moderate
   Impact Severity




                          High             Minor             Minor    -     Moderate        Major             Major
                                                             Moderate
                          Very High        Minor         –   Moderate-      Major           Major             Critical
                                           Moderate          Major



Table 43 describes the Significance of Impact definitions relative to ranking of importance.

Impacts assessed as Negligible or Minor will require no additional management or mitigation
measures on the basis that the magnitude of the impact is sufficiently small, or that the
receptor is of low sensitivity and/ or that adequate controls are already included in the Project

                                                                                                                               194
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
design. Negligible and Minor impacts are therefore deemed to be “Insignificant” and fall
within the “No Action” criterion.

Impacts evaluated as Moderate or Major require the implementation of further management
or mitigation measures. Major and Moderate impacts are therefore deemed to be
“Significant”.

Major impacts always require further management or mitigation measures to minimize or
reduce the impact to an Acceptable Level. A generally “Acceptable Level” is the reduction of
a Major impact to a Moderate one after mitigation. Where Major impacts cannot be reduced
further, a range of additional measures will be needed, including repair and remedy during
either the operational or closure phase (such as the rehabilitation of mining pits to replace
biodiversity losses, or removal of Project infrastructure during the closure phase in the case
of visual impacts), community development programs and/or the implementation of a
biodiversity offset strategy.

Table 43. Definition of Significance of Impact




In seeking to mitigate Moderate impacts, the emphasis is on demonstrating that the impact
has been reduced to a level that is As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP). It will not
always be practical to reduce Moderate impacts to Minor ones due to the cost-ineffectiveness
of such an approach (due to the diminishing return of a reduction of impact versus cost).

Impacts evaluated as Critical cannot be managed or mitigated and require the identification
of alternatives (elimination of source of potential impact). Such impacts are Intolerable and
could potentially result in abandonment of a project (potential “project stoppers”).


9.2 Mitigation Measures
A key element and outcome of the ESIA process is to explore and develop practical measures
of avoiding, reducing or offsetting potential impacts associated with the Project. These are

                                                                                          195
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
commonly referred to as mitigation measures and will be incorporated into the Project either
as direct design measures, or as commitments to be implemented at various stages throughout
the Project. Mitigation is aimed at preventing, reducing or managing significant negative
impacts to ALARP and maximizing any potential benefits of the Project, where applicable.
For the purposes of this ESIA, ALARP is defined as the point at which the cost and effort of
further risk reduction is grossly disproportionate to the risk reduction achieved.

The approach taken for identifying and incorporating mitigation measures into the Project is
based on a typical hierarchy of decisions and measures, as outlined below. This is aimed at
ensuring that, wherever possible, potential impacts are mitigated rather than corrected
through restoration after the impact has occurred. Thus, the majority of mitigation measures
fall within the upper two tiers of mitigation hierarchy and are effectively built into the planned
Project.

    1.   Avoid at Source; Reduce at Source - Avoiding or reducing at source is essentially ‘designing’
         the project so that a feature causing an impact is designed out (e.g., a waste stream is
         eliminated) or altered (e.g., reduced waste volume) - often called minimization.

    2.   Abate on Site - This involves adding something to the basic design or procedures to abate the
         impact -. often called ‘end-of-pipe’.

    3.   Abate at Receptor - If an impact cannot be abated on-site, then measures can be implemented
         off-site

    4.   Repair or Remedy - Some impacts involve unavoidable damage to a resource, e.g., land
         disturbance or shoreline pollution arising from poor erosion and sediment control
         management. Repair essentially involves restoration and reinstatement type measures, such
         as base camp closure or, in the case of surface erosion that has reached the ocean, clean-up of
         the shoreline.

    5.   Compensate in Kind - Where other mitigation approaches are not possible or fully effective,
         then compensation, in some measure, for loss, damage and general intrusion might be
         appropriate. An example could be compensation for loss of earnings if fisheries were to be
         temporarily or permanently impacted by a project activity, or where direct resettlement and
         compensation payments are required. Another example would be the development of
         biodiversity and carbon offsetting programs where the mitigation of impacts cannot be
         undertaken within the confines of the Contract of Works.




                                                                                                    196
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
CHAPTER 10. ENVIRONMENTAL AND     SOCIAL                                              IMPACT
  ASSESSMENT – CONSTRUCTION PHASE

10.1 Introduction
The environmental and social impacts associated with major construction activities
(construction of upper dams, lower dams, and other supporting facilities, quarry operations,
construction of transmission networks) are discussed in this section.

The following list is an outline of the environmental and social impacts that are expected to
occur when construction activities are carried out at the UCPS for the dams and reservoir:

       •   Impact on river ecosystem and water quality
       •   Impact on erosion and sedimentation levels
       •   Impact on air quality
       •   Noise pollution
       •   Impact of vibration
       •   Water pollution in the Gunung Karang quarry
       •   Impact on biodiversity
       •   Impact on socio-economic aspects in the surrounding community
       •   Potential impacts on health and safety

Each impact is described further in each section in this chapter.


10.2 Environmental Impact of the Construction Stage
Impact prediction is a screening process of several potential impacts that may occur in
connection with the construction activity process. The process of identifying potential impacts
for each environmental parameter was carried out using quantitative and qualitative methods
and will be used as the basis for determining the mitigation that must be carried out to
minimize and prevent impacts. This follows the key objective of ESS 6, “to protect and
conserve biodiversity and habitats”, by applying the mitigation hierarchy and the
precautionary approach in the design and implementation of projects that could have an
impact on biodiversity.

10.2.1 Erosion and Sedimentation

Earthworks in the watershed and in riverbeds, including vegetation clearance, reservoir
preparation, slope stabilization and landslide removal, blasting, excavation, filling and quarry
operations, will contribute to the movement of large amounts of exposed soil and rock around
the project site. The risk of erosion is considered high, given the steep topography, high levels
of rainfall and heavy river flows during the rainy season, the scale of earthworks, and the
excessive loads in the area (Table 38).

The potential impact of erosion is the flow of sediment into the river system. Sediment can
impact habitats and aquatic organisms when the sediments are suspended in the water and
are deposited on riverbeds and riverbanks.




                                                                                             197
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Currently the river experiences high levels of turbidity and sediment loads, evidenced by the
mud and sand deposition in the deep river basins, and the color change in the Cisokan River
between the wet and the dry season.

Table 44. Potential Impacts on Water Bodies Due to Sediment Disturbance during Construction

   Construction          Environment                                     Flow Impact
     Activity             Response
 Vegetation           1. A stream with       Reduced water clarity and appearance
 clearance               an additional       Reduced light entering which results in reduced primary
 Earthworks              concentration of    productivity (reduced food and reduced habitat for invertebrates,
 Stream work             suspended           fish and birds), and reduced processing of photosynthesis.
 River cliff work        solids entering     Reduced number of aquatic invertebrates due to downstream drift.
 Road construction       the water           Erosion and stability of river banks
 Excavation of the       stream.             Damage to the fish's gills and mouthparts
 borrow pit                                  Reduced visibility and fish avoidance, affecting migration, food and
 Landfill                                    breeding.
 Tunnel                                      Reduced water quality for horticulture, water supplies and supplies
 wastewater                                  for other water uses.
 Clearing reservoir                          Small changes in water temperature
 land                 2. Increased           Plankton disruption, reducing primary production and basic animal
 Open work areas         sedimentation of    foraging abilities.
 and wastewater          fine materials on   Reduced nesting habitat for fish and adversely affects the ability of
                         riverbeds           fish eggs to reach adulthood.
                                             Reduced ability of fish to eat benthic invertebrates.
                                             Changes in river flow, shelter and water depth and flow by creating
                                             obstruction and filling of river basins that add to the potential for
                                             flooding.
                                             Sources of sediment for buffering and carried downstream, affecting
                                             further deposition.
                                             Changes in sediment input with high organic material that can
                                             reduce dissolved oxygen, resulting in fish/invertebrate mortality.
                                             Covering of rock faces which can reduce habitat for invertebrates.
                                             This could have an impact on changes in the number and types of
                                             existing invertebrate species from sensitive species to more tolerant
                                             species such as snails. This, in turn, could lead to changes in fish
                                             populations due to reduced food species.



Analysis of the potential change to the rate of erosion during construction uses the USLE
(Universal Soil Loss Equation) approach. The calculation is based on the pattern of land
changes that have occurred to open land due to the construction of the upper dam, lower dam
and their supporting facilities. The construction activities are located in 4 villages, namely
Bojong Village, Cinengah Village, Karangnunggal Village and Sukaresmi Village. The
potential for erosion that occurs in the existing conditions and during construction in the four
villages is shown in Table 45.

Table 45. Potential Erosion at Major Construction Sites

 No.     Village Name        District        Existing Potential          Construction           Increase of
                                             Erosion(ton/year)         Potential Erosion        Erosion (%)
                                                                          (ton/year)
  1.    Bojong             Rongga                26,206.26                 40,271.97                 54
  2.    Cinengah           Rongga                20,939.98                 49,638.61                 137
  3.    Sukaresmi          Rongga                53,409.49                213,474.47                 300
  4.    Karangnunggal      Cibeber               4,984.19                   8,419.81                 69



                                                                                                           198
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
The potential annual erosion rates that occur in existing conditions and during construction
are shown in Table 46.

Table 46. Potential Erosion Rate at Major Construction Sites

 No.       Village Name      District       Potential        Potential            Classification
                                            Existing       Construction     Existing Construction
                                          Erosion Rate     Erosion Rate
                                         (ton/ha/year)    (ton/ha/year)
     1.   Bojong            Rongga           13.71            21.07           Very        Mild
                                                                              Mild
     2.   Cinengah          Rongga           26.93             63.84          Mild      Moderate
     3.   Sukaresmi         Rongga           41.27             164.95         Mild      Moderate
     4.   Karangnunggal     Cibeber          15.92             26.89          Mild       Mild


The potential rate of erosion at each location is then classified based on the erosion rate class
according to Suripin, 2001. The classification of erosion rates is divided into classes (Figure
97).

 Erosion Class Erosion Rate Category
       I           <15      Very Mild
       II         15-60       Mild
      III         60-180    Moderate
      IV         180-480     Heavy
       V           >480    Very Heavy
(Suripin, 2001)

Figure 97. Erosion Rate Classification

Based on the table of erosion rates, it can be seen that construction activities increase the
potential for erosion rates at each location. When viewed from the classification of erosion
rates, construction activities that will be carried out have an impact on class changes in three
locations. Class I changes to class II in Bojong Village, and from II to III in Cinengah and
Sukaresmi villages. The erosion class in Karangnunggal Village is still class II.

The distribution of erosion rates based on the classification at the construction site is shown
in Figure 98.

Erosion that occurs on the land surface, due to construction activities, is in the encircled area
on the map. There are two key impacts from erosion:

1)        Loss of productive soils for agriculture, forestry, and for natural forest restoration.

2)     Contribution of sediment to water ways, affecting water quality, river ecosystems and
aquatic biota.

The first impact is assessed in this section (Table 47). The second impact is discussed in the
Section below (Aquatic Habitat and Water Quality).



                                                                                                 199
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 98. The distribution of the erosion rate based on the classification

Table 47. Soil Loss and Productivity Impact Assessment

Impact              Loss of productive soils for agriculture, forestry and for natural forest restoration
Impact Nature       Negative           Positive          Neutral
                    Land use change causes increased erosion. Erosion results in the loss of topsoil, soil
                    fertility, soil structure and slope stability. This changes the ability for the land to produce
                    food and trees. Changes in soil and slope stability will change the plant species that would
                    naturally colonise the areas. It can lead to changes in plant communities, introduce weed
                    species, and reduce long term biodiversity.
Impact Type         Direct             Secondary         Indirect           Cumulative         Residual
                    Direct impacts due to the loss of topsoil and changes in soil structure, stability and fertility
                    are the plant recolonisation, and agricultural and livelihood opportunities.
Impact Duration     Temporary          Short-term        Long-term          Permanent
                    Loss of topsoil, soil structure and fertility impacts are considered long-term as it can be
                    mitigated, but this process takes a long time.
Impact Extent       Local              Regional          Global
                    The extent of soil loss / erosion is localised to the project footprint.
Impact Magnitude    No change          Slight            Low                Medium             High
                    The calculation results show that the erosion rate that occurs as a result of the UCPS
                    construction activities is still in the mild to moderate erosion rate (class II and III)..
Receptor            Low                Low-Medium Medium                    Medium-High High
Sensitivity
                    The land is steep meaning erosion, landslides and unstable slopes are common, due to
                    topography, ‘young’ soils and recent deforestation and slash and burn agriculture.
Impact Severity     Slight             Low               Medium             High               Very High
                    Impact magnitude medium and receptor sensitivity low-medium resulted in impact
                    severity medium.
Likelihood          Extremely          Unlikely          Low Likelihood Medium                 High
                    unlikely                                            Likelihood             Likelihood/Inevitable

                                                                                                                200
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
                    Increased erosion and soil loss is inevitable. Much of the construction work is purposefully
                    removing soil and rock, landslides etc.
Significance        Negligible        Minor            Moderate         Major            Critical
                    The impact severity of medium with high likelihood resulted in Moderate significance.



10.2.1.1 Cisokan River and Cilenkong River

The increase in the rate of erosion and sedimentation in the Cisokan river and Cilenkong River
is influenced by land clearing activities and construction activities. The Cilenkong River will
receive sediment, stormwater run-off and pollutants from works in the tunnel outlets,
underground powerhouse works, switchyard, access roads, and workshops. The sediment
discharge could be significant if erosion is not controlled and treated. The Cisokan River,
upstream of the coffer dams, will receive sediment, stormwater run-off, pollutants from spoil
banks and access roads, and sediments and pollutants from the upper dam works, via the
Cirumamis River.

The location of the lower dam construction activities is in the areas of Karangnunggal village
and Sukaresmi village. Based on the table, the potential increase in the rate of erosion that
occurred in Karangnunggal village reached 69%, while in the Sukaresmi village area it
increased by 300% from pre-construction conditions. The increase observed in Sukaresmi
Village is a contribution from construction activities both at the lower and upper dam.

Fine sediments will enter the Cilenkong and Cisokan River water and be diverted through the
diversion tunnel around the lower dam site and discharged downstream, in the Cisokan
River. Coarse sediments will settle on the river bed, changing the ecosystem, and / or
captured by the upstream coffer dam, and will not be discharged downstream. Sediment and
pollutants from dam foundation excavations and blasting, slope stabilization and dam
construction, will be trapped by the downstream coffer dam and will not be discharged
downstream into the Cisokan River.

In the absence of treatment measures, the eroded soil material will enter the Cisokan river
body via the diversion tunnel, which results in an increase in TSS value and sedimentation.
The increase in the amount of sediment in the Cisokan river may increase the amount of
sediment caught in the sediment traps in the Cisokan Dam for the Cihea Irrigation Scheme
(Cisuru weir). The impact assessment of erosion and sedimentation in the Cisokan river is
shown in Table 48.

Table 48. Erosion and Sedimentation Impact Assessment of Cisokan and Cilenkong Rivers in
Construction Stage

Impact              An increase in the rate of erosion, which results in a decrease in water and river ecosystem
                    quality in the Cisokan and Cilenkong Rivers.
Impact Nature       Negative          Positive         Neutral
                    Land use change causes increased erosion. The products of erosion will be discharged
                    directly into water ways, or carried by water when surface runoff occurs, and will be
                    suspended in water, degrading water quality, before being deposited on the river banks or
                    beds. This is a natural process in river systems but the pattern and rate of sediment
                    deposition will change as a result of UCPS.
Impact Type         Direct            Secondary        Indirect         Cumulative       Residual




                                                                                                            201
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
                    Erosion that occurs due to changes in land use and land clearing activities during
                    construction. Erosion occurs when rain falls on the land surface which then becomes
                    surface runoff which erodes and carries surface material from the construction site that
                    later settles in the Cisokan and Cilenkong Rivers body.
Impact Duration     Temporary          Short-term      Long-term          Permanent
                    The increased sediment load and turbidity, caused by the UCPS construction activities, will
                    only last for the ± 4 years of construction activities. Sediment deposition and ongoing
                    resuspension and movement of sediment down the Cisokan River may continue for many
                    years after construction, but the pattern and rate will be affected by the operation of the
                    scheme. These impacts are discussed in the operational phase section.
Impact Extent       Local              Regional        Global
                    The impact caused by the erosion-sedimentation process, observed predominantly in the
                    catchment area,takes the form of decreased land fertility, and decreased water and river
                    ecosystem quality. The decline in water and river ecosystem quality, due to erosion-
                    sedimentation, was identified to occur from the UCPS area to the downstream part of
                    Cisokan River, at the Cirata reservoir.
Impact Magnitude    No change          Slight          Low                Medium          High
                    The calculation results show that the erosion rate, caused by the UCPS construction
                    activities, is still in the mild to moderate erosion rate class.
Receptor            Low                Low-Medium Medium                  Medium-High High
Sensitivity
                    Sedimentation increases turbidity in the Cisokan and Cilenkong Rivers water. However,
                    the impact on aquatic biota is not that great because the existing conditions in the rainy
                    season Cisokan and Cilenkong Rivers have a high level of turbidity. All species are tolerant
                    of high turbidity. The impact on humans is low because most of the Cisokan and Cilenkong
                    Rivers is used for agricultural irrigation which is less sensitive to turbidity compared other
                    water uses.
Impact Severity     Slight             Low             Medium             High            Very High
                    Impact magnitude medium, and receptor sensitivity low-medium, resulted in impact
                    severity medium.
Likelihood          Extremely          Unlikely        Low Likelihood Medium              High
                    unlikely                                          Likelihood          Likelihood/Inevitable
                    Increased erosion and sedimentation due to contractor activities will generally occur in
                    construction projects.
Significance        Negligible         Minor           Moderate           Major           Critical
                    The impact severity of medium, with medium likelihood, resulted in moderate significance



10.2.1.2 Cirumamis River

The increase in the rate of erosion and sedimentation that occurs in the Cirumamis river is
influenced by the activity of land clearing and the dam construction process on the UCPS. The
results of the analysis of the potential amount and rate of erosion that will have an impact on
the Cirumamis river can be seen in the changes that have occurred in Bojong Village,
Cinengah Village, and Sukaresmi Village. The potential increase in the amount and rate of
erosion, due to the UCPS construction activities in Bojong Village, was 54%, Cinengah Village
137%, and Sukaresmi Village 300% compared to pre-construction conditions. Without
prevention activities, the eroded land will enter the Cirumamis River body and flow into the
Cisokan river body. The impact assessment on the increased rate of erosion and sedimentation
in the Cirumamis river, during the construction stage, is shown in Table 49.

Table 49. Erosion and Sedimentation Impact Assessment of Cirumamis River in Construction Stage



                                                                                                              202
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Impact              Increasing rate of erosion resulting in a decrease in water and river ecosystem quality in
                    the Cirumamis river
Impact Nature       Negative           Positive         Neutral
                    Land use change leads to increased erosion. The erosion is caused by surface runoff and
                    results in deposition or sedimentation of material in the Cirumamis river body.
Impact Type         Direct             Secondary        Indirect           Cumulative       Residual
                    Erosion occurs due to changes in land use and land clearing activities during construction.
Impact Duration     Temporary          Short-term       Long-term          Permanent
                    The increased contribution of sediment and turbidity, caused by the UCPS construction
                    activities, will only last for the ± 4 years of construction activities. Sediment deposition and
                    ongoing resuspension and movement of sediment down the waterfalls of the Cirumamis
                    River to the lower reservoir may continue for many years after construction, but the pattern
                    and rate will be affected by the operation of the scheme. These impacts are discussed in
                    the operational phase section.
Impact Extent       Local              Regional         Global
                    The impact caused by the erosion-sedimentation process, namely in the catchment area, in
                    the form of decreased water and ecosystem. The decline in quality due to erosion-
                    sedimentation has been predicted to occur from the downstream area of the Cirumamis
                    river, the Cisokan river and the downstream area to the Cirata reservoir.
Impact Magnitude    No change          Slight           Low                Medium           High
                    The calculation results show that the erosion caused by the UCPS construction activities is
                    still in the mild to moderate erosion rate class and will have a medium magnitude impact
                    compared to the baseline conditions.
Receptor            Low                Low-Medium Medium                   Medium-High High
Sensitivity
                    Sedimentation increases turbidity in the water and some coarse sediment may accumulate
                    in pools at the bottom of waterfalls, changing the pool habitat. The waterfall environment
                    already receives sediment in the wet season and is swift flowing, so most fine sediments
                    will be flushed down into the Cisokan River.
Impact Severity     Slight             Low              Medium             High             Very High
                    Impact magnitude medium, and receptor sensitivity low-medium, resulted in impact
                    severity medium.
Likelihood          Extremely          Unlikely         Low Likelihood Medium               High
                    unlikely                                           Likelihood           Likelihood/Inevitable
                    Increased erosion and sedimentation, due to contractor activities, will generally occur in
                    construction projects.
Significance        Negligible         Minor            Moderate           Major            Critical
                    The impact severity of medium with high likelihood resulted in moderate significance



The results of the impact assessment, for sediment erosion in the Cisokan and Cirumamis
rivers, show a moderate significance impact. The large-scale land clearing and river works for
this project has the potential for sediment discharge into rivers that exceeds current sediment
conditions. Based on these results, the impacts that arise can be reduced by taking mitigation
measures. Details of the mitigation that must be done to reduce these impacts are discussed
in Chapter 12 regarding the environmental and social management plan.

10.2.1.3 Cijambu River

The increase in the rate of erosion and sedimentation, that occurs in the Cijambu river, is
influenced by activities on the main access road. Fine sediments will be discharged into
tributaries through stormwater. Spilled material, transported by dump trucks, has the

                                                                                                                203
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
potential to fall along the delivery road to the main construction site. This material will be
carried away by run off which enters the Cijambu river body and flows into the Saguling
reservoir body. The impact assessment on increased sedimentation in the Cijambu river
during the construction phase is shown in Table 50.

Table 50. Impact Assessment of Sedimentation in Cijambu River

Impact              Increased sedimentation resulted in a decrease in water and river ecosystem in the Cijambu
                    River
Impact Nature       Negative          Positive        Neutral
                    Material spills and fine dust on the road will be carried by water when surface run-off
                    occurs and will be deposited or become sedimentation material in the Cijambu River
Impact Type         Direct            Secondary       Indirect          Cumulative      Residual
                    Occurs when rain falls on the road surface which then becomes surface run-off, carrying
                    material that enters the Cijambu River
Impact Duration     Temporary         Short-term      Long-term         Permanent
                    Increased sedimentation and decreased quality of water due to activities on the access road
                    will only last for the ±4 years of construction activities.
Impact Extent       Local             Regional        Global
                    Increased sedimentation and decreased water quality, as an impact caused by the entry of
                    sediment into the river body, were identified to occur in the Cijambu river to the Saguling
                    reservoir.
Impact Magnitude    No change         Slight          Low               Medium          High
                    The impact of increased erosion and sediment flow into the Cijambu River is not too large,
                    as it is not generated from the land clearing activities, but only from sediment-laden
                    stormwater and material falling / spilling on the main access road.
Receptor            Low               Low-Medium Medium                 Medium-High High
Sensitivity
                    Sedimentation increases the turbidity of Cijambu River. However, the effect on aquatic
                    biota is not that great because the existing conditions in the rainy season Cijambu River
                    have a high level of turbidity.
Impact Severity     Slight            Low             Medium            High            Very High
                    Impact magnitude low, and receptor sensitivity low-medium, shows the impact severity to
                    be low.
Likelihood          Extremely         Unlikely        Low Likelihood Medium             High
                    unlikely                                         Likelihood         Likelihood/Inevitable
                    The sediment-laden stormwater will be an ongoing impact for the duration of the road use.
                    Material spills are unlikely, but overall impacts are inevitable.
Significance        Negligible        Minor           Moderate          Major           Critical
                    A low impact severity and high likelihood resulting in a Minor Significance



Based on these results, the impact is not significant. Management efforts can be carried out by
monitoring the water quality in the Cijambu river.

10.2.2 Aquatic Habitat and Water Quality

Construction activities in the UCPS area are likely to have a negative impact on water quality
and river habitats. There are three rivers which will potentially experience a decrease in water
quality and a change to river habitat as a result of construction activities, namely the Cisokan
River, the Cirumamis River and the Cirendeu River.


                                                                                                           204
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
10.2.2.1 Physical changes to river habitat

Damage and physical change to rivers and riparian areas during construction will arise from:

       •   Slope and bank stabilization, diversion tunnel portal construction, coffer-dam
           installation, excavations for dam foundations, and dam building;
       •   Landslides where slopes are not adequately stabilized;
       •   The diversion of water flow around work areas at the lower and upper dams, via
           tunnels and culverts creating dry areas, providing a barrier to fish movement,
           changing the way flood flows carry and deposit sediment, and potential for scour
           and erosion at the discharge points;
       •   Road crossings/culverts/bridges;
       •   Diversion of small water course around work areas; and
       •   Removal of riparian vegetation cover, thereby increasing water temperature and
           light exposure.

10.2.2.2 Sedimentation

The sources and types of sediment that may enter the rivers and tributaries and affect water
quality and aquatic biota are:

       •   Sediment (fine and coarse), organic matter, and nutrients from vegetation clearance
           and earthworks on slopes adjacent to the rivers and tributaries.
       •   Sediment (fine and course) from the earthworks, tunnelling and construction
           works within the rivers and riverbanks.
       •   Sediment (fine and coarse) from spoil disposal and stockpiles carried by
           stormwater run-off.
       •   Sediment (fine) in stormwater run-off from in and around open/exposed work
           areas, roads, quarry and work areas.

10.2.2.3 Pollutants

The sources and types of pollutant that may enter the rivers and tributaries and affect water
quality and aquatic biota are:

       •   High pH suspended solids from cement storage and concrete batching areas.
       •   High pH heavy metals, hydrocarbons and suspended solids from fly ash storage
           and handling.
       •   Hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and nutrients, from spills, deliberate discharge, and
           poor storage, handling and disposal of hazardous materials, fuels, and waste oils,
           including those that may induce pH changes. These pollutants also come from
           untreated stormwater run-off from working areas.
       •   Solid waste from littering and poor handling of waste.

10.2.2.4 Domestic waste

The sources and types of domestic waste that may enter the rivers and tributaries, and affect
water quality and aquatic biota are:

       •   Organic material, pathogenic bacteria and nutrients from poor siting and
           management of the Contractor’s sewage treatment facilities, including siting of
           septic tanks that could lead to seepage to rivers.

                                                                                          205
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
         •   Organic material, pathogenic bacteria and nutrients from untreated sewage from
             informal settlements, camp followers and field-based defecation.

Increasing domestic waste with the key parameters BOD, COD and TSS could cause a
decrease in the quality of water bodies, thus reducing the quality of habitat for aquatic
organisms. The results of the measurement of water quality in several rivers showed that the
levels of BOD and COD were above the quality standard, particularly those contaminated
with domestic waste. This shows that the management of domestic waste by the community
is low, due to the limited facilities for collecting waste from baths, washing and latrines (gray
water and black water), meaning that most of the domestic waste is channeled directly into
water bodies. The construction phase will involve the arrival of many workers with the
potential to increase domestic waste discharge to water bodies. Hopefully, such increases will
be mitigated by adequate environmental sanitation facilities in camps and at works. The
results of the analysis of pollution predictions, using pollution load analysis (Directorate
General of Pollution Control and Environmental Damage, Ministry of Environment and
Forestry, 2018), calculated based on the emission standards discharged by each person per
day for BOD, COD parameters, indicate that the increase in construction stage workers will
increase domestic waste by 4.4% at peak work periods.

10.2.2.5 Water quality in Cisokan River and Cilenkong River

During construction, the Cisokan River, immediately downstream of the Cilenkong River
confluence, will be modified by the installation of upstream and downstream coffer dams,
and the diversion of water for several hundred meters. The diversion reach will be dry for
dam preparation and construction.

The decline in water and river ecosystem quality, in the Cisokan and Cilenkong Rivers, are
affected by the land clearing activities and the construction process of the UCPS lower dam.
The results of the analysis of parameters BOD, COD and DO and E. coli load, have not met the
quality standard. This indicates that Cisokan is already polluted by domestic waste. An
increase in contamination and dissolved solids, in the waters of the Cisokan river, can cause
an increase in water temperature and a decrease in dissolved oxygen levels, which can be
detrimental to the river ecosystem.

The impact assessment on the reduction of water and river ecosystem quality, during the
construction stage of the Cisokan river, is shown in Table 51.

Table 51. Impact Assessment of River Habitat and Water Quality of Cisokan River during the
Construction Stage

Impact              Decreasing water quality and changing river habitat in the Cisokan river; especially with
                    regard to increased levels of pollutants from domestic waste and suspended solids by
                    domestic waste and erosion of land clearing.
Impact Nature       Negative          Positive         Neutral
                    The increase in the population of the catchment area (residents and workers) increases
                    domestic waste, which causes an increase in the pollutant load to water bodies.
Impact Type         Direct            Secondary        Indirect         Cumulative       Residual
                    Increasing the number of non-point source pollutants, in the form of domestic waste,
                    increases the pollutant load, especially concerning BOD, COD and E. coli load, which will
                    directly reduce the quality of river habitat, which is indicated by an increase in the value
                    of the dominance index (trend analysis)
Impact Duration     Temporary         Short-term       Long-term        Permanent

                                                                                                            206
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
                    The increase in environmental pollution load from domestic waste can be temporary or
                    long-term depending on the efforts made, because the reduction of the pollutant load can
                    be done by reducing the amount of pollution that is channelled into the river.
Impact Extent       Local              Regional        Global
                    The increase in the pollution load to the Cisokan water body will have an impact on
                    decreasing the quality of the river habitat. The resulting impact will be a decrease in the
                    diversity of aquatic biota.
Impact Magnitude    No change          Slight          Low               Medium           High
                    The quality of the aquatic habitat will decrease.
Receptor            Low                Low-Medium Medium                 Medium-High High
Sensitivity
                    Changes in water quality will affect the diversity of aquatic biota because there are species
                    that are vulnerable to habitat quality degradation
Impact Severity     Slight             Low             Medium            High             Very High
                    Medium impact magnitude, and low-medium receptor sensitivity, resulted in medium
                    impact severity.
Likelihood          Extremely          Unlikely        Low Likelihood Medium              High
                    unlikely                                          Likelihood          Likelihood/Inevitable
                    Decreasing water quality will generally occur in construction activities in river bodies,
                    which are a hydrological unit
Significance        Negligible         Minor           Moderate          Major            Critical
                    Impact severity medium, with likelihood medium resulted, in Minor-Moderate
                    significance



10.2.2.6 Water quality in Cirumamis River

Cirumamis River is the main water source for the upper dam of the UCPS. The quality of
water and river ecosystems of the Cirumamis river was affected by the land clearing activity
and the dam construction process on UCPS. The Cirumamis catchment area is predominantly
vegetated land, so the parameters regarding domestic waste before construction are lower,
however, with construction activities involving a number of workers, it will certainly increase
the contamination of water bodies by domestic waste. The impact assessment on the reduction
of water quality and river habitat during the construction stage of the Cirumamis river is
shown in Table 52.

Table 52. Impact Assessment of River Habitat and Water Quality of Cirumamis River during the
Construction Stage

Impact              Decreasing water quality and river habitat in the Cirumamis river
Impact Nature       Negative           Positive        Neutral
                    Construction activities in the area is expected to increase domestic waste to water bodies,
                    thereby reducing water quality and respective habitat for aquatic biota
Impact Type         Direct             Secondary       Indirect          Cumulative       Residual
                    Contamination from domestic waste will increase the content of BOD, COD and decrease
                    DO which has an impact on decreasing the habitat of aquatic biota.
Impact Duration     Temporary          Short-term      Long-term         Permanent
                    Contamination occurs when waste directly flows into the Cirumamis.
Impact Extent       Local              Regional        Global
                    Pollution occurs in Cirumamis water bodies which can flow downstream
Impact Magnitude    No change          Slight          Low               Medium           High

                                                                                                             207
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
                    Decreasing water quality can cause a decrease in biota and biodiversity
Receptor            Low                Low-Medium Medium                  Medium-High High
Sensitivity
                    Decreasing water quality in Cirumamis water bodies will impact aquatic biota that are
                    vulnerable to changes in water quality, as well as insects that use water bodies in larval and
                    reproductive stages of their life cycle.
Impact Severity     Slight             Low             Medium             High            Very High
                    Impact magnitude medium, and receptor sensitivity low-medium, resulted in impact
                    severity medium.
Likelihood          Extremely          Unlikely        Low Likelihood Medium              High
                    unlikely                                          Likelihood          Likelihood/Inevitable
                    A decrease in water quality will occur even though the dynamics of water quality are
                    strongly influenced by the activity of pollutant sources and the amount of water flowing
                    downstream and have an influence on the concentration value.
Significance        Negligible         Minor           Moderate           Major           Critical
                    The impact severity of medium, with medium likelihood, resulted in minor-moderate
                    significance



10.2.2.7 Water quality in Cirendeu River

Based on the 2011 UCPS Andal document for access road, quarry, and fly ash utilization, the
calculation of rock crushing in the quarry of Gunung Karang is 11.66 tons of material. By
taking into account the affected Cireundeu river area of 1,875 m 2, at a depth of 2.5 meters,
during the construction period of 4 years, it has the potential to increase the total suspended
solids (TSS) concentration by 248.7 mg/L (PLN, 2007). Cirendeu River flows into the Saguling
Reservoir.

The potential for an increase in Total Suspended Solids of 248.7 mg/L is still below the quality
standard stated in Government Regulation Number 82 of 2001 concerning Water Quality
Management and Water Pollution Control, which is 400 mg/L. The impact assessment on the
decline in water quality in the Cireundeu river as a result of mining and processing of andesite
rock is shown in Table 53.

Table 53. Impact Assessment of River Habitat and Water Quality of Cirendeu River during the
Construction Stage

Impact              Decreasing water quality and river habitat in the Cirendeu River
Impact Nature       Negative           Positive        Neutral
                    The material mining activity requires the destruction of the land causing waste to enter the
                    drainage channel leading to Cirendeu.
Impact Type         Direct             Secondary       Indirect           Cumulative      Residual
                    Waste in the form of dust from mining activities, including land clearing and material
                    breakdown, can be transported by the drainage channel and flow to Cirendeu, causing an
                    increase in TSS content.
Impact Duration     Temporary          Short-term      Long-term          Permanent
                    Total Suspended Solids contamination will have a direct impact on water bodies by
                    increasing turbidity and, if the transport force decreases, sedimentation.
Impact Extent       Local              Regional        Global
                    Decreased water quality and sedimentation of the river will occur for several hundred
                    meters or to the next significant tributary, without mitigation.
Impact Magnitude    No change          Slight          Low                Medium          High

                                                                                                              208
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
                    The impact of declining water quality due to quarry water drainage will increase the TSS
                    but this is not expected to exceed the national quality standard
Receptor            Low               Low-Medium Medium               Medium-High High
Sensitivity
                    Water and biodiversity are objects / receptors that will be affected. They are already
                    impacted by sedimentation, pollution from untreated wastewater and habitat disturbances.
Impact Severity     Slight            Low            Medium           High            Very High
                    Impact magnitude medium and receptor sensitivity low-medium results in impact severity
                    medium.
Likelihood          Extremely         Unlikely       Low Likelihood Medium            High
                    unlikely                                        Likelihood        Likelihood/Inevitable
                    The dynamics of water quality are largely determined by the dynamics of polluting
                    sources; the risk of impact on water bodies is in a medium position.
Significance        Negligible        Minor          Moderate         Major           Critical
                    The impact severity of medium, with medium likelihood, was of minor-moderate
                    significance



The results of the impact assessment on habitat and water quality in the Cisokan, Cirumamis,
and Cirendeu rivers showed minor-moderate impact significance. Based on these results, the
impacts that arise can be reduced by implementing mitigation measures and water quality
monitoring during activities in the Gunung Karang quarry. Details of the mitigation that must
be done to reduce these impacts are discussed in Chapter 13 regarding the environmental and
social management plan.

10.2.3 Aquatic biota

Various construction activities disturb aquatic biota, as well as reduce primary production
and the ability of basic animals to forage. The flow of contaminants into river bodies causes a
decrease in fish breeding habitat and adversely affects the ability of fish eggs to reach the adult
stage. Changes in sediment input with high organic material can reduce dissolved oxygen,
resulting in fish/invertebrate mortality. Construction also causes changes in the dimensions
of the river flow, so that rocks and niches that were previously used for shelter contain
sediment. Covering rock faces reduces habitat for invertebrates. This changes the number and
types of existing invertebrate species from sensitive species to more tolerant species such as
snails, which can lead to changes in fish populations, due to decreasing food sources.

The construction stage may lead to a decrease in water quality which could cause significant
disruption of river habitats, especially for fish. RKL RPL data, until 2019, shows that there has
been a decrease in the number of fish sightings, especially in 2015-2016, which was the initial
period of construction. Causality between project development and these trends are, however,
not clear because most developments have been around the access road which should not
have impacted rivers. Increased fishing pressure, sampling issues, or other factors may have
resulted in changes in fish numbers.

Based on baseline information for the rivers potentially affected by the project, such as the
Cirendeu, Cijambu, Cirumamis, Cilengkong and Cisokan there are still 10-15 fish species
present; 17 river-species including turtles and shrimp. Species monitoring in the Cirendeu
River recorded 12 fish species, while 14 fish species were recorded in the Cisokan. The
Hampala species (Hampala macrolepidota), which was recorded in the 2009, was not observed
in monitoring from 2009-2019. These results are strengthened by limited communication from
sources who work as fishermen in the Cisokan River who catch the Hampala species 5-6 times
                                                                                                        209
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
a week. These findings were mostly found in the Cirumamis River, as several informants who
had caught fish in the river found Hampala species 6-7 times a week.

The findings of the hampala fish indicate that the conditions of the rivers in the project area,
especially the upstream areas, still have good ecosystem integrity. The data concerning
plankton between 1,410-1,830 ind./L shows that the upstream sections of the Cijambu,
Cilengkong, Cirumamis and Cisokan Tivers are categorized as oligotrophic, which means
they are still clean and have not been polluted with nutrients. Meanwhile, the Cirumamis and
Cisokan Rivers’ lower sections found 2,610-4,140 ind/L plankton, which indicates a
mesotrophic environment or one that has been moderately polluted, generally by
anthropogenic activities in the downstream area.

Fish migration in this river system has already been affected by two existing dams located
downstream of the Cisokan river, which have blocked off the upper course to sea connections
for several decades. The Cisokan River is a tributary of the Citarum River which empties into
the Java Sea. Currently, there are 3 dams in the Citarum River; in order from downstream to
upstream, Jatiluhur (1967), Cirata (1987) and Saguling (1985). The diversity of native fish
species in the Citarum River has decreased drastically. Of the 34 fish species native to the
Upper Citarum River, Kaskade Reservoir and Citarum Hilir, only 26 types of fish remain and
as many as eight species which are economically important fish have not been caught in recent
years (Kartamihardja, 2019). The diversity of caught fish species is dominated by introduced
and invasive fish. Pollution, damming rivers, changing aquatic habitats and over-exploitation
are the main causes of degradation of the native fish diversity. Recovery of fish resources is
essential and can be carried out with the aim of improving fish populations. Efforts to restore
fish resources can be carried out in various ways and options, namely habitat rehabilitation,
restocking and development of fish hatcheries and development of environmentally friendly
capture fisheries (Kartamihardja, 2019).

Under these conditions, the risk of disruption to fish migration from downstream to upstream
is likely to be small. In addition, the potential for disruption to fish life in the downstream
area is also negligible, as the majority of species migrate locally, have the ability to adapt with
high resistance to habitat changes, and are not protected either nationally or internationally.
Based on this, the construction of the dams in the Cisokan and Ciromanis Rivers has no impact
on catadromous and anadromous species in UCPS.

In conclusion, the aquatic system contains mostly native species and human activity has not
essentially modified the rivers’ primary ecological functions and species composition,
although unsustainable fishing has diminished populations and possibly resulted in the local
extinction of one species, Hampala macrolepidota.

The natural habitat will be significantly altered by project development, changing from a
rapidly-flowing river to a more lacustrine environment, which will require appropriate
implementation of the mitigation hierarchy. The area of direct impacts on the aquatic system
spatially overlaps with the area of direct impacts on the terrestrial system and consists mostly
of the 340 ha of inundated areas on the two reservoirs.

10.2.4 Groundwater

The results of the identification of groundwater resources, through measurements of changes
in well depth, indicate that there has been a small, fluctuating increase in well depth, therefore,
it can be stated that the well depth is relatively stable. The identification results show that the

                                                                                               210
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
study location is not an area of the Groundwater Basin, so that the construction of UCPS will
not have an impact on groundwater sources, according to the Minister of Energy and Mineral
Resources No.2 of 2017, which states that regional development needs to consider the
Groundwater Basin as a groundwater aquifer area. The projected increase in workers at the
construction stage, however, does require good management of water resources.

10.2.5 Air Quality

Air quality may be affected in the form of dust, particulate matter and gas emissions from
exhausts. Dust mainly comes from the use of roads, cleared land and riverbeds in the work
area and during reservoir cleaning, material stockpiling, quarry operations, stone grinding,
blasting in quarries and work sites, and cement manufacturing sites. Particulates (other than
dust) and gas are emitted from vehicles, heavy machinery, diesel generators and asphalt
processing sites.

The impact of air contaminants, such as dust, can disrupt local communities (deposition in
water supplies and on buildings and other facilities), while it can also affect public health. The
communities most at risk are those close to the main access road or quarry, because these
locations are most exposed to dust and vehicle emissions.

The main mitigation measures are covered by the Environmental Management Plan and
associated sub-plans and include the management of dust, exposed soil and material
emissions; maintenance of vehicles and equipment to control emissions; avoid burning
vegetation and trash; and managing a complaint and resolution service system. The dust
impact is less severe with the normally weak wind occurring at the project site.

10.2.5.1 Air Quality around Quarry

Based on the impact forecast in the ANDAL 2011 document (PLN, 2011b), the distribution of
the impact of the resulting dust is estimated through an approach based on Stoke's law for the
deposition of particles in the fluid. Assuming that the average diameter of the dust is 50-100
µm, the particle terminal velocity value is 0.077-0.309 m/s. If the dust level at the activity
location reaches 50 m, the time needed for dust to reach the ground is around 162 - 647 seconds
or 0.05 - 0.2 hours. With an average wind speed at the activity location of 2.1 m/s, the
distribution distance is 404 - 1,618 m. Based on RKL-RPL monitoring results, the dominant
wind direction in the quarry is to the west and east. The nearest settlement is ± 400 m from
the center point of the quarry site. The denser residential areas are located to the east and
northeast of the quarry site. An assessment of the potential impact on air quality at the
Gunung Karang quarry is shown in Table 54.

Table 54. Air Quality Impact Assessment on Gunung Karang Quarry

Impact              The decline in air quality is due to rock mining activities in the Gunung Karang quarry
Impact Nature       Negative          Positive        Neutral
                    The impact of the process of mining, transporting and processing stone will cause dust that
                    can fly into the air and cause air disturbance, especially when demolition is carried out.
Impact Type         Direct            Secondary       Indirect          Cumulative      Residual
                    The dust from stone mining and crushing can be scattered into the air and the surrounding
                    environment.
Impact Duration     Temporary         Short-term      Long-term         Permanent



                                                                                                           211
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
                    The dust produced by the mining and stone processing activities is relatively small, so after
                    the work time the dust falls back down.
Impact Extent       Local              Regional        Global
                    The resulting impact area depends on wind speed and wind direction, but the average
                    wind speed is not too large, so the potential area affected is only local
Magnitude           No change          Slight          Low               Medium           High
                    With an average wind speed at the activity site of 2.1 m/s, the distribution distance is 404
                    - 1,618 m from the center point of the Gunung Karang quarry.
Receptor            Low                Low-Medium Medium                 Medium-High High
Sensitivity
                    The air around the activity can contain dust particles that float in the air, so that it can
                    disturb workers or the surrounding community, especially in a radius of less than 1 km.
Impact Severity     Slight             Low             Medium            High             Very High
                    Impact magnitude medium and receptor sensitivity medium resulted in impact severity
                    high.
Likelihood          Extremely          Unlikely        Low Likelihood Medium              High
                    unlikely                                          Likelihood          Likelihood/Inevitable
                    Particulate waste pollution into the air is caused by mining activities, the intensity of
                    mining will greatly affect the impacts that arise.
Significance        Negligible         Minor           Moderate          Major            Critical
                    The high impact severity, with medium likelihood, results in a Major Significance level



10.2.5.2 Air quality around access Road

The activity of transporting material from the Gunung Karang quarry to the main construction
site is estimated to reduce air quality due to the emission of heavy vehicle exhaust gases. The
exhaust gas composition of diesel engine drive equipment is shown in Table 54.

Table 55. Concentration of Diesel Engine Exhaust Gas

    Component                 Unit                 Value
 CO                           Ppm                   0.49
 NOx                         µg/m3                  280
 SOx                         µg/m3                   11
 Hydrocarbon                 µg/m3                   60


Determination of the amount of exhaust emissions generated by heavy vehicles is calculated
using the basis of emissions generated by trucks. Transportation during the operation phase
is estimated to be carried out by 30 trucks per day. Emission coefficients for trucks from the
Department of Transportation (West Java) are:

    •   CO = 2.51 g/km,
    •   SO2 = 16.1 g/km,
    •   NOx = 1.28 g/km,
    •   HC = 2.37 g/km
    •   Dust = 0.54 g/km

Based on the emission coefficient and traffic density mentioned above, the amount of
emissions by transport vehicles, for each air quality parameter, is as follows:


                                                                                                             212
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
    •    CO = 0.1506 kg/day/km = 0.029 μg/m-sec
    •    SO2 = 0.966 kg/day/km = 0.186 μg/m-sec
    •    NOx = 0.0768 kg/day/km = 0.015 μg/m-sec
    •    HC = 0.1422 kg/day/km = 0.027 μg/m-sec
    •    Dust = 0.0324 kg/day/km = 0.006 μg/m-sec
    •    Pb = < 0.65 µg/Nm

The analysis results in the UCPS ANDAL document, 2011 (PLN, 2011b) using a modified
Gauss dispersion equation for the finite length line source, at a dominant wind speed of 2.1
m/s perpendicular to the road orientation, the maximum concentration is estimated to occur
at distance of 10-20 m. The addition of pollutant concentrations due to vehicles transporting
equipment and materials is shown in Figure 99.




Figure 99. Decreasing Concentration of Air Pollution Due to Exhaust Gas Emissions for Vehicles
Transporting Equipment and Materials with increasing distance from the Transport Road

The results of this calculation indicate that the contribution of motor vehicle exhaust emissions
to air quality degradation in material mobilization activities is small, with an average
pollutant concentration <1% of the air quality baseline environmental data and below the
ambient air quality standard in accordance with Government Regulation No. 41 year 1999.

An assessment of the potential impact on air quality degradation along the access road from
the quarry to the main construction site is shown in Table 56.

Table 56. Air Quality Impact Assessment on Access Road during the Construction Stage

Impact              Decreased air quality due to using access road for transporting heavy equipment to
                    andesite mining location
Impact Nature       Negative          Positive        Neutral
                    Transportation of heavy equipment and materials for construction will increase dust
                    discharge into the air
Impact Type         Direct            Secondary       Indirect          Cumulative      Residual
                    Transporting machinery, hauling material, and fly ash will provide direct air-to-air debris
                    scattering along the road

                                                                                                           213
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Impact Duration     Temporary         Short-term      Long-term        Permanent
                    Dust scattering around the main road occurs during transportation in construction
                    activities
Impact Extent       Local             Regional        Global
                    Air pollutant scattering, when at maximum concentration, will impact the corridor of 10-
                    20 meters on either side of the main road.
Impact Magnitude    No change         Slight          Low              Medium          High
                    The contribution of motor vehicle exhaust emissions to air quality degradation in material
                    mobilization activities is small, with an average pollutant concentration <1% of the air
                    quality environmental baseline data.
Receptor            Low               Low-Medium Medium                Medium-High High
Sensitivity
                    The impacts that are caused around the main road or corridor of the main road will disrupt
                    the premises and activities of residents who are less than 100 meters from the main road.
                    Along the 27 km of access road, densely populated settlements are only found in
                    approximately 6-7 km between the Cipari quarry – at the T-junction.
Impact Severity     Slight            Low             Medium           High            Very High
                    Impact magnitude low and receptor sensitivity low-medium resulted in impact severity
                    low.
Likelihood          Extremely         Unlikely        Low Likelihood Medium            High
                    unlikely                                         Likelihood        Likelihood/Inevitable
                    Based on the project description, construction will last for 4 years so that the impact
                    likelihood is of medium likelihood.
Significance        Negligible        Minor           Moderate         Major           Critical
                    The impact severity of medium, with medium likelihood, was of minor-moderate
                    significance



10.2.5.3 Air Quality Around Main Construction Sites

Construction activities have an impact on air quality at the site and its surroundings. A
decrease in air quality can be seen from the increase in several key parameters such as dust,
NOx, SOx, and CO. The increase in dust levels at the main building construction site (upper
and lower dam) comes from rock particles bursting from rock blasting activities for
powerhouse structures, penstock and headrace tunnels, bending body construction activities,
and mobility of the tools and machines used. Meanwhile, increased levels of NOx, SOx, and
CO resulted from the operation of the tools, machines and transportation vehicles used during
construction activities. The spread of air quality impact particulates is influenced by wind
speed and direction around the construction site. The dominant wind direction at the UCPS
main building construction site is to the West and East, with speeds ranging from 0.2 to 3.52
m/sec. The location around the construction site does not have many settlements, only a few
villages with a moderate population density. The settlement closest to the construction site is
the Lembur Sawah village, with a distance of less than 1 km. The impact of decreasing air
quality will last for the duration of the UCPS construction process, which is between 3.5—4
years.

An assessment of the potential impact on air quality degradation at the main building
construction sites is shown in Table 57.

Table 57. Air Quality Impact Assessment at Main Construction Sites during the Construction Stage




                                                                                                          214
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Impact              The decline in air quality is due to the activities of the construction of the upper weir, the
                    lower weir, and other supporting facilities.
Impact Nature       Negative           Positive          Neutral
                    Deterioration of air quality during the construction of the weir can threaten the smooth
                    running of activities of workers and the surrounding community.
Impact Type         Direct             Secondary         Indirect          Cumulative        Residual
                    Deteriorating air quality is a direct result of the UCPS construction activities and the
                    operation of heavy equipment, machinery and vehicles.
Impact Duration     Temporary          Short-term        Long-term         Permanent
                    Deterioration in air quality, due to scattering of dust into the air, will occur for the duration
                    of construction activities., about 3.5 - 4 years.
Impact Extent       Local              Regional          Global
                    The scattered dust particles have a fairly heavy weight, meaning that deposition is local
Impact Magnitude    No change          Slight            Low               Medium            High
                    The magnitude of the impact of air pollution is strongly influenced by the construction
                    activity unit and the number of tools, machines and vehicles used. The dust particulate
                    distribution is unlikely to spread far from the activity location because the construction site
                    is in a valley area so that the air distribution will be obstructed by the surrounding cliffs
                    and hills.
Receptor            Low                Low-Medium Medium                   Medium-High High
Sensitivity
                    Decreasing air quality, especially due to dust, can interfere with human activities around
                    the site. The impact felt by workers tends to be smaller because they have used personal
                    protective equipment, while the surrounding community will be quite sensitive.
Impact Severity     Slight             Low               Medium            High              Very High
                    Impact magnitude medium and receptor sensitivity low-medium resulted in impact
                    severity medium.
Likelihood          Extremely          Unlikely          Low Likelihood Medium               High
                    unlikely                                            Likelihood           Likelihood/Inevitable
                    A decrease in air quality around construction activities will likely occur
Significance        Negligible         Minor             Moderate          Major             Critical
                    The impact severity of medium, with medium likelihood, was of minor-moderate
                    significance



The results of the impact assessment on air quality, due to construction activities for the
Gunung Karang quarry location, resulted in a major significance of impact, meaning that
special mitigation was needed to minimize the impact that occurred. Meanwhile, the main
access roads and construction sites had a minor-moderate impact significance. Mitigation to
reduce the risk of negative impacts from reducing air quality is described in Chapter 12 on
environmental management plans.

10.2.6 Noise

The evaluation of the noise impact of construction activities at UCPS is analyzed based on the
location and type of work carried out, the distance of the receptors from the noise, the source
of noise from tools, machines and vehicles used, and the potential noise levels that will occur.

The UCPS project noise sources consist of; quarrying, land clearances, earthworks,
construction of dam bodies, construction of underground generating facilities, construction
of tunnels, and vehicle movements along the access roads. The noise source data is based on

                                                                                                                 215
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
the 2011 UCPS AMDAL document (PLN, 2011b). The noise dispersion has been done with the
attenuation during propagation outdoors modelling based on ISO 9613-2 (Figure 100). The
attenuation includes ground effect, hill barrier/wall, housing and foliage around the UCPS
area.




Figure 100. Noise Modelling Based on ISO 9613-2

10.2.6.1 Noise Impact from Quarry

Noise in the Gunung Karang quarry area results from quarrying activities including drilling,
blasting, crushing and transportation of mining materials, which reduce with distance from
the quarry (Figure 101).




                                                                                        216
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 101. Noise Dispersion Prediction in Quarry Gunung Karang

The mined stone material will be transported using a dump truck. Based on the 2011 UCPS
AMDAL document (PLN, 2011b), mining will be assisted by blasting activities using
explosives in accordance with the characteristics of the rock. The blasting system will use an
electronic detonator and the use of a delay system. The explosive used was ANFO
(Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil). Based on the 2011 UCPS AMDAL document, it is known that
the noise level in residential areas due to the use of heavy equipment in activities at the quarry
location is 68 dBA.

The intensity of the noise is above the quality standard for the residential noise level of 55
dBA, meaning it has the potential to disturb the community, especially in Karangsari and
Sarinagen villages. The assessment of the impact of increased noise at the Gunung Karang
quarry location is shown in Table 58.

Table 58. Noise Impact Assessment on Gunung Karang Quarry during Construction Stage

Impact              Increased noise at the Gunung Karang quarry location due to mining, crushing and use of
                    heavy vehicles.
Impact Nature       Negative           Positive         Neutral
                    Explosions and activities at the Gunung Karang mine will disturb the comfort of local
                    residents.
Impact Type         Direct             Secondary        Indirect           Cumulative       Residual
                    An increase in noise is a direct impact that has the potential to cause discomfort to residents,
                    especially in the form of increased stress, hearing loss and disturbances in activities that
                    require quiet.
Impact Duration     Temporary          Short-term       Long-term          Permanent
                    The noise increase is short-term because it only lasts for 3.5 - 4 years.


                                                                                                                217
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Impact Extent           Local              Regional         Global
                        Noise is influenced by the distance to the center of the noise in addition to the sound
                        intensity, so the disturbance is local according to the distance from the location to the sound
                        source.
Impact Magnitude        No change          Slight           Low               Medium           High
                        The noise intensity, received by the receptors in the settlements around the quarry location,
                        is 68 dBA.
Receptor                Low                Low-Medium Medium                  Medium-High High
Sensitivity
                        The impact caused by noise is quite large, especially for people who have high sensitivity,
                        such as the villagers of Karangsari. The intensity of the noise will greatly interfere with
                        activities.
Impact Severity         Slight             Low              Medium            High             Very High
                        Impact magnitude medium and receptor sensitivity medium resulted in impact severity
                        high.
Likelihood              Extremely          Unlikely         Low Likelihood Medium              High
                        unlikely                                           Likelihood          Likelihood/Inevitable
                        The increase in noise due to mining activities and heavy equipment operations is a definite
                        impact
Significance            Negligible         Minor            Moderate          Major            Critical
                        The impact severity of medium, with medium likelihood, resulted in Major Significance



10.2.6.2 Noise Impact from Access Road

Based on the results of theoretical calculations, the operation of a motor vehicle/truck that
transports materials will contribute to a noise increase of ± 70 dBA. The estimated noise in a
residential area within ± 10 m from the main road through calculations with a single point
spread is as follows:

Ts1-Ts2 = 10 log r2/r1

The results of the estimated magnitude of noise impact at each distance from the main road
are shown in Table 59.

Table 59. Amount of Noise Level at Varying Distances from Access Road

              Distance (m)                            Noise (dBA)
                   10                                      60
                   30                                     55,2
                   50                                     53,01
                  100                                      50
                  200                                     46,9



The calculation shows that the noise level, caused by the activity of mobilizing vehicles in
residential areas with a distance of more than 50 m from the main road, is still below the
standard noise level for residential areas of 55 dBA. Meanwhile, at a distance of less than 30
meters it is above the quality standard.




                                                                                                                   218
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 102. Noise Dispersion Prediction in Access Road

Sensitive receptors that are potentially affected are residential areas along the access road
between the quarry-Cipari junction (Figure 102). The access road will be traversed by heavy
trucks carrying rocks from the quarry to the upper and lower dams. The distance between the
settlement and the road is less than 50 meters, so it is in the low-medium category. The impact
severity and likelihood of noise are included in the medium category.

The impact assessment of increased noise along the access road is shown in Table 60.

Table 60. Noise Impact Assessment on Access Road during the Construction Stage

Impact              Increased noise along the access road from the quarry to the main construction site
Impact Nature       Negative           Positive         Neutral
                    Transportation of materials and mobility of heavy equipment on the main road will cause
                    an increase in sound intensity which can disturb the comfort of the surrounding
                    community.
Impact Type         Direct             Secondary        Indirect          Cumulative       Residual
                    The increase in noise is a direct result of the operation of trucks transporting materials from
                    the quarry to the main construction site
Impact Duration     Temporary          Short-term       Long-term         Permanent
                    The increase in noise occurs when the hours of construction activities increase due to the
                    movement of material and heavy equipment transportation from the Gunung Karang
                    quarry location to the main construction site. Noise will decrease along with reduced
                    mobilization, so the duration is a short-term impact.
Impact Extent       Local              Regional         Global
                    The effect of noise caused by activities on the access road will only be felt by settlements
                    along the main road within a radius of less than 100 meters.
Impact Magnitude    No change          Slight           Low               Medium           High




                                                                                                               219
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
                    The amount of noise generated from the activity of mobilizing vehicles along the main road
                    is 76 dBA. The noise level is reduced to 50 dBA at a distance of 100 meters from the noise
                    source.
Receptor            Low                Low-Medium Medium                 Medium-High High
Sensitivity
                    The densely populated settlements along the main road between the quarry and the Cipari
                    junction have a high sensitivity because the settlement distance is less than 30 m, so the
                    noise level received is still above 50 dBA. Settlements from Cipari junction to the
                    construction site have little sensitivity because the settlements are relatively far from the
                    main road.
Impact Severity     Slight             Low             Medium            High            Very High
                    Impact magnitude low and receptor sensitivity medium-high resulted in impact severity
                    medium.
Likelihood          Extremely          Unlikely        Low Likelihood Medium             High
                    unlikely                                          Likelihood         Likelihood/Inevitable
                    An increase in noise due to the activity of vehicles/trucks will occur in every construction
                    project activity.
Significance        Negligible         Minor           Moderate          Major           Critical
                    The impact severity of medium, with medium likelihood, resulted in Moderate Significance



10.2.6.3 Noise Impact from Main Construction Site

The impact of rock blasting for the powerhouse, penstock and headrace tunnel structures is
noise around the activity site. The predicted noise level during detonation can reach 84 dB (A)
at a distance of less than 50 meters. The estimated noise in a residential area more than 50 m
from the main road, by means of a one-point distribution calculation is as follows:        Ts1-
Ts2 = 10 log r2/r1

The results of the estimated magnitude of the noise impact at each distance from the main
construction activity location are shown in Figure 103.

The increase in ambient air noise will take place at the activity location, especially at the
beginning of tunneling because it is carried out on the outer surface of the rock. Meanwhile,
in the next stage, the blasting will be carried out in a tunnel so that the noise does not disturb
residents who live about 1 km from the location of the activity (Lembur Sawah Village). The
impact felt by workers is relatively small because they will be equipped with personal
protection equipment.

The increase in noise due to construction activities has a negative impact, especially for human
and animal receptors. The impact of noise is direct during the activity. The duration of the
impact is only about 3.5—4 years. The noise level, resulting from UCPS construction activities
is local in nature, and only affects areas near the construction site. The magnitude of the
impact of the noise will decrease as the distance of the receptors gets further. The intensity of
the impact will be continuous as long as the supporting machine construction activities take
place.




                                                                                                             220
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 103. Noise Dispersion Prediction around the Main Construction Site

The impact assessment of increased noise at major construction sites is shown in Table 61.

Table 61. Noise Impact Assessment at Main Construction Sites during the Construction Stage

Impact              Increased noise levels due to activities in the construction of the upper weir, the lower weir,
                    and other supporting facilities.
Impact Nature       Negative            Positive         Neutral
                    Noise at construction sites is a hotspot for UCPS activity which causes noise problems that
                    can interfere with receptors such as humans and animals.
Impact Type         Direct              Secondary        Indirect           Cumulative        Residual
                    Increased noise is a direct result of operating tools, machinery and heavy vehicles at major
                    construction sites.
Impact Duration     Temporary           Short-term       Long-term          Permanent
                    It is estimated that construction activities will last for 3.5 - 4 years. The increase in noise
                    occurs during the hours of construction activities and will decrease with the reduction in
                    activities, so that the duration is a short-term impact.
Impact Extent       Local               Regional         Global
                    The noise effect caused by the main construction activities is local in nature because, based
                    on the calculation of the noise level, which is still above the quality standard, it is at a radius
                    of 500 meters. At more than 500 meters, the noise level is below the quality standard for
                    settlements.
Impact Magnitude    No change           Slight           Low                Medium            High
                    The amount of noise generated from the main construction activities is 84 dBA. The noise
                    level is reduced to 57 dBA at a distance of 500 meters from the noise source, and 54 dBA at
                    a distance of 1000 meters (below the quality standard for settlements).


                                                                                                                   221
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Receptor            Low               Low-Medium Medium                 Medium-High High
Sensitivity
                    In general, at the main UCPS construction site there are not many residents living in the
                    area. However, there are settlements located close to the construction sites, namely Lembur
                    Sawah and Pasirlaja hamlets. Of concern is that the main construction site is located close
                    to animal habitats which may be disturbed by increased noise. So that the receptor
                    sensitivity is of medium-high value
Impact Severity     Slight            Low             Medium            High            Very High
                    Impact magnitude low and receptor sensitivity medium-high resulted in impact severity
                    medium.
Likelihood          Extremely         Unlikely        Low Likelihood Medium             High
                    unlikely                                         Likelihood         Likelihood/Inevitable
                    An increase in noise, due to the operation of vehicles, tools and machines, will occur in
                    every construction project activity.
Significance        Negligible        Minor           Moderate          Major           Critical
                    The impact severity of medium, with medium likelihood, resulted in Moderate Significance



10.2.6.4 Noise Impact from Transmission Line

The increase in noise during the construction activities for the high voltage 500kV
transmission line resulting from the mobilization of tools and materials, land clearing
activities, tower construction activities (erection of tower), and stringing activities. In general,
the impact of noise arising from transmission line construction activities is small or negligible.
The potential impact of noise that may result from mobilizing tools and materials is due to the
use of transport vehicles, however, most of the tower site locations are in areas that are
difficult to reach by 4-wheeled vehicles, limiting vehicle use to the outer area and not to the
tower site location. Thus, the noise level is small. Likewise, because of access limitations
construction activities will be carried out using medium-sized tools and machines so that the
resulting noise is not so great. Potential receptors for impact are residents who live on the side
of the road which the project vehicles use. The area of the impact distribution is limited to the
traffic path of the project vehicles and the transmission line. The impact will be intermittent
during construction activities.

The impact assessment of increased noise from transmission line construction activities is
shown in Table 62.

Table 62. Noise Impact Assessment on the Transmission Line during the Construction Stage

Impact              The increase in noise levels due to the mobilization of tools and materials in the
                    construction of a 500 kV transmission line tower.
Impact Nature       Negative          Positive        Neutral
                    Noise during the construction process of tower construction, mobilization of tools and
                    withdrawal of network cables causes an increase in sound disturbances which will have an
                    impact on the comfort of the community.
Impact Type         Direct            Secondary       Indirect          Cumulative      Residual
                    The increase in noise directly occurs when the construction activity reaches the conductor
                    withdrawal activity.
Impact Duration     Temporary         Short-term      Long-term         Permanent
                    The duration of the impact lasts during construction activities, but is temporary (not
                    continuous). Construction activities for the 82 towers to be connected are estimated for 1
                    year.


                                                                                                           222
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Impact Extent       Local              Regional         Global
                    The nature of the disturbance is local only at construction point locations along the
                    transmission line.
Impact Magnitude    No change          Slight           Low                Medium           High
                    The noise generated from transmission tower construction activities is Low.
Receptor            Low                Low-Medium Medium                   Medium-High High
Sensitivity
                    Most of the tower site locations are in areas far from settlements so that the sensitivity level
                    to receptors is Low.
Impact Severity     Slight             Low              Medium             High             Very High
                    Impact magnitude low dan receptor sensitivity low resulted in impact severity slight.
Likelihood          Extremely          Unlikely         Low Likelihood Medium               High
                    unlikely                                           Likelihood           Likelihood/Inevitable
                    An increase in noise due to the operation of vehicles, tools and machines will generally
                    occur in every construction project activity.
Significance        Negligible         Minor            Moderate           Major            Critical
                    Impact severity Slight with medium likelihood results in negligible significance



The results of the analysis show that the significant impact of noise at the quarry site is major,
on the main road and main construction UCPS site is moderate, and on the transmission, line
is negligible. Mitigation efforts specifically need to be applied to the Gunung Karang quarry
site to reduce the impact that occurs. Details of the mitigation that must be done to reduce
these impacts are discussed in Chapter 12 regarding the environmental and social
management plan.

10.2.7 Vibration

The main sources of vibration are heavy vehicles and machinery used to clear land and for
the purpose of rock mining and construction, quarry blasting, waterways, lower dams and
power house sites, stone mill, cement and asphalt processing sites, diesel generators, and
trucks and or other vehicles using the access road and road at the construction site. Although
vibrations occur during daytime working hours, vibration emissions from both dam sites will
continue at night due to the sustainable nature of the RCC dam construction.

Impact mitigation in the construction area is described in the Environmental Management
Plan and its associated sub-plans. Blasting and tunneling activities also traffic on the access
road only occur during daytime working hours. Blasting occurs at scheduled times each day,
a warning will be issued before blasting can be carried out.

Vibrations will be monitored during construction activities, and the contractor will execute
the complaint processing service. The contractor is expected to develop a construction method
or schedule for activities that generate noise in accordance with the results of monitoring the
vibration level (exceeding the noise standard limit in residential areas) or complaints from the
public.

10.2.7.1 Quarry

Increased vibrations in the area around the Gunung Karang quarry were due to andesite
mining activities using explosives. The blasting activity in the Gunung Karang quarry, during
the construction stage of the dam, will be intensive, meaning that the resulting vibration

                                                                                                                223
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
cannot be avoided. The results of the calculation of the estimated magnitude of the vibration,
caused by the blasting process in the Gunung Karang quarry, based on the receptor distance
from the 2011 UCPS Hydroelectric Power Plant AMDAL document (PLN, 2011b), are shown
in Table 63.

Table 63. Estimated Value of Vibration at Certain Distance Around Gunung Karang Quarry

       Blasting Distance             Vibration Magnitude
                                       (Maximum PPV)
            100 m                       57.26 mm/sec
            200 m                       11.96 mm/sec
            300 m                        6.25 mm/sec
            400 m                        3.95 mm/sec
            500 m                        2.76 mm/sec
            1000 m                       0.91 mm/sec
            2000 m                       0.30 mm/sec



The results of modeling the distribution of vibrations resulting from blasting activities in the
Gunung Karang quarry for each distance from the vibration source are shown in Figure 104.

The quality standard for the level of vibration due to blasting activities refers to the Indonesian
National Standard (SNI 7571: 2010 concerning Blasting Level Standards in Open Mining
Activities for Buildings) at the mine site. The standard class II vibration level (buildings with
foundations, masonry and cement mortar, including buildings with wooden foundations and
mortar floors) is 3 mm/second. Based on calculations, it is known that the vibration level
generated from the Gunung Karang quarry blasting process does not surpass the quality
standard if the vibration is at a distance of >500 m. It can, therefore, be concluded that
buildings with a distance of 500 or more from the Gunung Karang quarry are classified as safe
against the impact of blasting vibrations.




                                                                                               224
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 104. Distribution of Vibration Levels in Quarry Gunung Karang

The assessment of the impact of vibrations at the Gunung Karang quarry is shown in Table
64.

Table 64. Vibration Impact Assessment at Gunung Karang Quarry During Construction Stage

Impact              Increased vibration levels, due to andesite mining activities, include blasting activities,
                    heavy equipment operations and rock processing activities.
Impact Nature       Negative          Positive        Neutral
                    The vibrations resulting from mining activities in the Gunung Karang quarry are a negative
                    impact that can disrupt the activities of residents, and buildings in the surrounding
                    settlements.
Impact Type         Direct            Secondary       Indirect          Cumulative      Residual
                    Increased vibration is a direct impact of mining activities in the Gunung Karang quarry.
Impact Duration     Temporary         Short-term      Long-term         Permanent
                    The impact of the vibration is short-term because it will only be present during mining
                    activities at the Gunung Karang quarry, the duration of the mining activity is 4 years.
Impact Extent       Local             Regional        Global
                    Based on the calculations, the vibrations have the potential to cause damage to local
                    buildings, but not those more than 500 meters from the vibration site.
Impact Magnitude    No change         Slight          Low               Medium          High
                    Potential vibrations generated from blasting activity in the Gunung Karang quarry at a
                    distance of 100 m = 57.26 mm/sec, 200 m = 11.96 mm/sec, 300 m = 6.25 mm/sec, 400 m =
                    3.95 mm/sec, 500 m = 2.76 mm/sec, 1 km = 0.91 mm/sec, 2 km = 0.30 mm/sec.
                    Low               Low-Medium Medium                 Medium-High High


                                                                                                           225
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
                      Blasting activity is an activity that has a medium-high receptor sensitivity. This is because,
Receptor              around the Gunung Karang quarry, there are settlements less than 1 km away, meaning
Sensitivity           vibrations can interfere with human activities and safety, and affect the integrity of the
                      buildings in the settlement.
Impact Severity       Slight             Low             Medium             High            Very High
                      Impact magnitude medium and receptor sensitivity medium-high resulted in impact
                      severity high.
Likelihood            Extremely          Unlikely        Low Likelihood Medium              High
                      unlikely                                          Likelihood          Likelihood/Inevitable
                      Vibration impacts due to blasting activities will generally occur in open pit mining
                      activities. However, the blasting system is carried out using an electronic detonator and the
                      use of a delay system is expected to reduce the impact of the vibration that appears.
Significance          Negligible         Minor           Moderate           Major           Critical
                      The impact severity of high, with medium likelihood, resulted in Major Significance



10.2.7.2 Access Road

Vibration along the access road is mainly caused by the movement of the dump truck carrying
stones from between the Gunung Karang quarry and the dam construction site. The volume
of vehicles transporting construction materials along the delivery road is estimated at 16
rotations/hr or 182 rotations/day. The estimated material to be transported is 1,571,000 tons
or 2,133,808 m3, which is transported using a dump truck vehicle that has a capacity of 20
tons/truck. Transport trucks have a vibration level of PPV = 0.076 in/sec at a distance of 25
feet (FTA, 2018). The calculation of the potential impact of vibrations based on distance uses
the Federal Transit Administration (2018) formula below.

PPVequip=PPVref x (25/D)^1,5

Calculations are carried out for vibrations generated from 1 dump truck. The results of the
calculation of the impact at each distance are shown in Table 65.

Table 65. Estimated Value of Vibration at Specific Distance on the Passage

         Distance                  PPV
  feet        meter       in/sec     mm/sec
     25            7,62    0,076         1,930
     50           15,24    0,027         0,682
    100           30,48    0,010         0,241
    200           60,96    0,003         0,085
    300           91,44    0,002         0,046
    500           152,5    0,001         0,022



The calculation results show that the vibration generated by the dump truck operation on the
main road is relatively small for the receptor distance of more than 7.62 meters. The
magnitude of the impact of the noise will decrease as the distance of the receptors gets further.
When linked to the interests of the surrounding community, the impact is categorized as a
negative impact with a high enough intensity because it is estimated that there will be a
mobility of trucks of 182 rotations/day. The impact of the vibration will be felt during the


                                                                                                                226
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
dam construction process which will last for ± 3.5 - 4 years. The assessment of the impact of
vibrations on the access road is shown in Table 66.

Table 66. Vibration Impact Assessment along the Access Road during the Construction Stage

Impact              Increased vibration levels due to the mobilization of dump trucks from the Gunung Karang
                    quarry to the main construction site.
Impact Nature       Negative            Positive         Neutral
                    The vibrations resulting from the movement of the project vehicles is a negative impact
                    that has the potential to disrupt the activities of residents, and buildings in the surrounding
                    settlements.
Impact Type         Direct              Secondary        Indirect           Cumulative       Residual
                    Increased vibration is a direct impact arising from the operation of vehicles passing through
                    the access road
Impact Duration     Temporary           Short-term       Long-term          Permanent
                    The impact of the vibration is short-term because it will only appear during UCPS
                    construction activities. Construction duration is ± 3.5 - 4 years.
Impact Extent       Local               Regional         Global
                    The impact of the resulting vibration is localized at the locations through which the project
                    vehicles pass.
Impact Magnitude    No change           Slight           Low                Medium           High
                    The vibration level generated from the dump truck operation at a distance of 7.62 m = 1.930
                    mm/sec, the vibration level decreases as the receptor distance is further away from the
                    operational location of the truck on the main road. At a distance of 30 m it is 0.241 mm /
                    sec, and at a distance of 150 m from the impact source the vibration level decreases to only
                    0.022 mm / sec.
Receptor            Low                 Low-Medium Medium                   Medium-High High
Sensitivity
                    The operational impact of project vehicles on the road is an activity that has a low-medium
                    receptor sensitivity. This is because the level of impact is relatively small, but in intensity it
                    is considered quite frequent with the movement of dump trucks being 182 rotations/day.
Impact Severity     Slight              Low              Medium             High             Very High
                    Impact magnitude low and receptor sensitivity low-medium resulted in impact severity
                    low.
Likelihood          Extremely           Unlikely         Low Likelihood Medium               High
                    unlikely                                            Likelihood           Likelihood/Inevitable
                    The impact of vibrations due to the operation of project vehicles will generally occur in
                    construction activities.
Significance        Negligible          Minor            Moderate           Major            Critical
                    The low impact severity, with medium likelihood, results in a Negligible-Minor
                    Significance.



10.2.7.3 Main Construction

Rock blasting for the powerhouse, penstock and headrace tunnel structures has an impact of
vibration around the activity site. The resulting peak particle velocity (PPV) vibration level is
2 kine (2 cm/sec). A peak particle velocity of 2 kine will result in an internal stress on the
surrounding rock of 1.96 kgf/cm2, lower than the internal stress threshold of the surrounding
structures which reaches 2.4 kgf/cm2 (Amdal, 2007). Thus, blasting does not cause significant
vibrations to the surrounding structures.


                                                                                                                  227
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
The calculation of the vibration level resulting from the operation of the tools and machines
used in the UCPS construction process refers to the Federal Transit Administration (2018).
Based on the FTA (2018) the vibration levels generated from some construction equipment are
as in Table 67.

Table 67. Vibration Source for Construction Equipment at 25 ft

                           Equipment                                             PPV at 25 ft
                                                                      (in/sec)                  (mm/sec)
 Pile Driver (impact)                  Upper range                      1,518                     38,55
                                       typical                          0,644                     16,35
 Pile Driver (sonic)                   Upper range                      0,734                     18,64
                                       typical                          0,17                      4,31
 Clam Shovel drop (Slurry wall)                                         0,202                     5,13
 Hydromill (slurry wall)               In soil                          0,008                     0,20
                                       In rock                          0,017                     0,43
 Vibratory Roller                                                       0,21                      5,33
 Hoe Ram                                                                0,089                     2,26
 Large Bulldozer                                                        0,089                     2,26
 Caisson drilling                                                       0,089                     2,26
 Loaded Trucks                                                          0,076                     1,93
 JackHammer                                                             0,035                     0,88
 Small Bulldozer                                                        0,003                     0,07



The distribution of vibration intensity from the impact source based on the Federal Transit
Administration (2018) can be calculated using the equation below.

PPVequip=PPVref x (25/D)^1,5

The calculation result of the vibration intensity distribution (PPV) of the above construction
equipment at a distance of 500 ft (152.5 m) is shown in Table 68.

Table 68. Vibration Source for Construction Equipment at 500 ft

                           Equipment                                       PPV at 500 ft (in/sec)
                                                                      (in/sec)              (mm/sec)
 Pile Driver (impact)                  Upper range                    0,01697                 0,431
                                       typical                         0,0072                 0,183
 Pile Driver (sonic)                   Upper range                    0,00821                 0,208
                                       typical                         0,0019                 0,048
 Clam Shovel drop (Slurry wall)                                       0,00226                 0,057
 Hydromill (slurry wall)               In soil                        0,00009                 0,002
                                       In rock                        0,00019                 0,005
 Vibratory Roller                                                     0,00235                 0,060
 Hoe Ram                                                                0,001                 0,025
 Large Bulldozer                                                        0,001                 0,025
 Caisson drilling                                                       0,001                 0,025
 Loaded Trucks                                                        0,00085                 0,022
 JackHammer                                                           0,00039                 0,010
 Small Bulldozer                                                      0,00003                 0,001



Based on the State Minister for the Environment’s Decree No.49 of 1996 concerning Vibration
Level Standards, the vibration levels resulting from the operation of tools, machines, and
vehicles in the table above at a distance of 500 ft (152.5 m) are still below the vibration level
quality standards can be a building (2 mm/sec). The impact felt by workers is relatively small
                                                                                                           228
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
because they have been equipped with personal protection equipment. Based on the results
of these calculations, it can be seen that the impact on the receptors is relatively small because
not many settlements are located near the construction site. The vibration impact assessment
at major construction sites is shown in Table 69.

Table 69. Vibration Impact Assessment at Major Construction Sites During Construction Stage

Impact              Increased level of vibration due to activities in the construction of upper weirs, lower weirs,
                    and other supporting facilities
Impact Nature       Negative           Positive         Neutral
                    Vibration resulting from blasting activities, and operation of construction tools and
                    vehicles. Negative impacts have the potential to disrupt the activities of residents and
                    buildings in surrounding settlements.
Impact Type         Direct             Secondary        Indirect          Cumulative       Residual
                    Increased vibration is a direct impact that arises from the construction and operation of
                    heavy equipment, machinery and vehicles.
Impact Duration     Temporary          Short-term       Long-term         Permanent
                    The impact of the vibration is short-term because it will only appear during UCPS
                    construction activities. Construction duration ± 3.5 - 4 years.
Impact Extent       Local              Regional         Global
                    The impact of the resulting vibration is localized at the construction site.
Impact Magnitude    No change          Slight           Low               Medium           High
                    The vibration levels resulting from the operation of construction tools and machines at a
                    distance of 25 ft ranged from 0.07 mm/sec to 38.55 mm/sec. Whereas, at a distance of 500
                    ft, the vibration level was reduced to 0.001 mm/sec to 0.431 mm/sec.
Receptor            Low                Low-Medium Medium                  Medium-High High
Sensitivity
                    Blasting activity is an activity that has a low-medium receptor sensitivity. This is because
                    in the vicinity of the construction site there are settlements that are less than 500 m apart
                    but are not too dense. The level of vibration disturbs human activities, but is not expected
                    to affect the integrity of buildings in settlements close to the project site.
Impact Severity     Slight             Low              Medium            High             Very High
                    Impact magnitude medium and receptor sensitivity low-medium resulted in impact
                    severity medium.
Likelihood          Extremely          Unlikely         Low Likelihood Medium              High
                    unlikely                                           Likelihood          Likelihood/Inevitable
                    The impact of vibrations due to the operation of project vehicles will generally occur in
                    construction activities.
Significance        Negligible         Minor            Moderate          Major            Critical
                    The impact severity of medium with medium likelihood resulted in minor-moderate
                    significance



The results of the vibration impact assessment at the Gunung K,arang quarry location showed
a major impact significance, while at the delivery road location it showed a negligible-minor
impact and at the main construction site minor-moderate. Therefore, mitigation measures
must be in place, specifically at the Gunung Karang quarry location. Mitigation details are
described in Chapter 12 on environmental management plans.




                                                                                                               229
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
10.2.8 Access to Water Sources in Gunung Karang Quarry

Andesite mining activities in Gunung Karang quarry will cause loss of, or change in the flow
pattern of water sources in that location. In general, the water sources in Gunung Karang are
local. Gunung Karang is not an aquifer area, groundwater comes from rainwater flows that
infiltrate the fracture zone and the recharge zone in the higher elevation of the surrounding
hills. Several statements from residents who were in the location of the activity noted the
phenomenon of water sources coming out of Gunung Karang to the east of the mining
location, after mining activities in the era of the Saguling reservoir construction took place.
This water source is used for various community activities, including agricultural activities.
This can at least prove the existence of water flow from the hills that comes out through the
fracture zone in Gunung Karang. The surrounding hamlets use this water source (Bojongpari,
Cimenet, Cisotong, Pasir Hideung, Kabakan Sari, Singadirja).

During the mining process, the water source from Gunung Karang cannot be used by the
community. Based on the results of the 2011 UCPS AMDAL study, what might happen if
mining is carried out in this area is an increase in the discharge of water, but with a shorter
duration. The impact on the surrounding groundwater level has no effect because Gunung
Karang is not an aquifer, meaning that the rainwater that enters above the surface of Gunung
Karang is not transmitted into the soil layer below, but is directly released through the rock
fractures that make up Gunung Karang. The impact assessment on water sources in Gunung
Karang quarry is presented in Table 70.

Table 70. Impact Assessment on the Gunung Karang Quarry Water Resource

Impact              The loss of water sources in the Gunung Karang quarry due to andesite mining activities.
Impact Nature       Negative           Positive        Neutral
                    Gunung Karang is a deposit of andesite rock; during cooling, molten lava does not flow
                    perfectly, causing cracks to appear. Water from rainfall enters these cracks which leads to
                    reduced surface runoff, and causes the rock to act like an aquifer. Mining of materials in
                    Gunung Karang will reduce andesite deposits, leading to a loss of water source for nearby
                    dependent communities and increasing run off.
Impact Type         Direct             Secondary       Indirect           Cumulative      Residual
                    Direct mining of Gunung Karang material will reduce andesite deposits, thus directly
                    impacting on the reduction of water sources that are released from Gunung Karang.
Impact Duration     Temporary          Short-term      Long-term          Permanent
                    The impact that occurs with Gunung Karang mining is permanent because the deposit is
                    lost.
Impact Extent       Local              Regional        Global
                    The impact that occurs from mining on the availability of water resources is the area around
                    Gunung Karang, because the water flow from Gunungkarang directly flows into the
                    Cirendeu river.
Impact Magnitude    No change          Slight          Low                Medium          High
                    The impacts caused by Gunung Karang mining include reduced water storage resulting in
                    more surface runoff.
Receptor            Low                Low-Medium Medium                  Medium-High High
Sensitivity
                    The loss of water storage in the Gunung Karang quarry is an impact that will be felt by 6
                    villages in the area. This causes a high receptor sensitivity because the water source is used
                    as one of the community's clean water sources.
Impact Severity     Slight             Low             Medium             High            Very High



                                                                                                              230
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
                    Impact magnitude medium and receptor sensitivity medium-high resulted in impact
                    severity medium.
Likelihood          Extremely         Unlikely        Low Likelihood Medium            High
                    unlikely                                         Likelihood        Likelihood/Inevitable
                    The impact on the disruption of water resources in Gunung Karang is likely to occur
Significance        Negligible        Minor           Moderate         Major           Critical
                    The impact severity of high, with medium likelihood, resulted in Major Significance



The impact significance of the loss of water resources in the Gunung Karang quarry is major
so a mitigation is necessary. Mitigation measures are described in Chapter 12 on
Environmental and Social Management Plans.

10.2.9 Terrestrial Biodiversity

10.2.9.1 Extent of Critical Habitat impacted

To determine whether there will be no measurable net reduction or negative change in those
biodiversity values for which the critical habitat was designated, and no significant
conversion or significant degradation of critical habitats, we assessed where Critical Habitat
areas occurred in the wider landscape of the UCPS project area and along the access road and
transmission line.

Before determining what net losses and net gains mean in this landscape, a clearer description
is needed of the key ecological elements of the landscape that maintain the species triggering
the Critical Habitat threshold. The UCPS landscape is strongly human-modified with a long
history of conversion of forests to agricultural fields, and also maintenance of structural forest-
type conditions in agroforestry areas. The terrestrial landscape is therefore a Modified
Habitat, parts of which provide habitat to species triggering Critical Habitat. Species like
Javan Leopard, Grizzled Leaf Monkey, and Slow Loris (Table 30) depend on core habitats such
as the agroforestry elements in the landscape, as well as the ecological connections between
these core habitats. Such connections can include land covers like open land or scrub, if these
provide essential connections between two core habitats. In essence, this means that the entire
landscape around the project site is Critical Habitat for species that have adapted to some
extent to the human modifications in the landscapes. Figure 105 shows that around the project
site a landscape exists of modified habitat that covers at least 15,000 ha. Some species, such as
wide-ranging leopards might even use a larger landscape, dispersing to other forested parts
of West Java.




                                                                                                          231
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 105. Larger landscape context of the project area with green areas indicating core habitats for
the species trigger Critical Habitat and yellow areas indicating connecting habitat. No detailed
recent land cover map was available for the area around the access road and quarry.

The presence records of species that trigger Critical Habitat are mapped in (Figure 106). This
provides a general area of the core and connecting habitats that are important for maintaining
these species. Species records are, of course, only available for the areas that were surveyed,
and for all species that trigger Critical Habitat it is likely that their ranges extend beyond the
surveyed areas. Nevertheless, this provides a first view on Critical Habitat near the project
area (Figure 6). The size of the study area where species records were collected is
approximately 2,688 ha, consisting of ca. 66% of agroforest areas where trees and tree crops
are cultivated for human use, but which also provide important biodiversity habitat. This does
not include the study area around the part of the access road closer to the quarry, where two
locations were studied in 2009 but no species were found triggering Critical Habitat (Sutrisno
et al. 2012). This study area above also does not include the field sites around the transmission
line that were surveyed for biodiversity. The study area was selected on the basis of the
assumption that this area would be influenced by project impacts.

Mapping the area of project infrastructure and inundated areas, indicates that the area of
Critical Habitat that will be directly impacted by project infrastructure is ca. 400 ha (Figure
106 and Table 71). Indirect impacts are more difficult to estimate. They consist of a range of
factors, such as, the construction of the access road to improve access, and relocation of people
that could result in greater pressure on remaining forest stands. No data are currently
available to more accurately measure the indirect impacts. Also, it is difficult to de-link these
indirect impacts from the counterfactual (see section 2.11.2), since there is ongoing
degradation and decline already. Taking a precautionary approach, we have considered the


                                                                                                  232
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
remaining part of the study area as being indirectly impacted, i.e., 2,688 ha minus 400 ha =
2,288 ha).




Figure 106. UCPS landscape showing land cover, presence of species triggering Critical Habitat,
and the approximate extent of the study area in which these species have been assessed

Referring to ESS 6, the habitat around the transmission line sampling points is dominated by
modified habitats because there is much human interference and the transmission line project
site is not in a protected area. Several species that trigger Critical Habitat were found in
forested parts of the transmission line route, and both directly and indirectly impacted areas
were estimated above. Table 71 provides an overall indication of direct and indirect impacts
from reservoir and transmission line development, resulting in a total of 2,629 ha of Critical
Habitat impacted.

Table 71. Estimated areas of direct and indirect impacts on critical habitat

 Area                                 Direct Impacts (ha)                      Indirect Impacts (ha)
 UCPS                                 400                                      2,288
 Transmission Line                    100                                      341
 Estimated total impacts              500                                      2,629
 Estimated total impacts based on     500                                      1,867
 counterfactual


As noted in the counterfactual analysis below, the prediction is that the Upper Cisokan
agroforestry habitat could decline from 2,262 ha to 1,500 ha over a 30-year time period,
indicating a loss of 762 ha that would occur even if the project was not implemented. It could
thus be argued that the net loss of Critical Habitat caused by the project (i.e., considering the

                                                                                                       233
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
counterfactual of no project impacts) is 2,629 minus 762 ha = 1,867 ha of Critical Habitat
indirectly impacted based on the counterfactual assumption.

10.2.9.2 Determining no net loss and net gain against a counterfactual scenario

ESS 6 requires that if Critical Habitats occur, then the project’s mitigation strategy will be
designed to achieve net gains of those biodiversity values for which the critical habitat was
designated, i.e., net positive impacts need to be achieved. The IUCN has argued that net
present impacts are most feasible when a counterfactual is used as a reference frame (Aiama
et al. 2015). Establishing an objective baseline or reference frame for the original condition of
the selected priority biodiversity values prior to project interventions is therefore an important
part of a net positive impact approach. The project’s progress towards achieving its net
positive impact goals is evaluated against this reference frame. Two options exist for
evaluating the outcomes of net positive impact goals: reference frames can be fixed baselines
(i.e., known condition of biodiversity features at a fixed point in time) or counterfactuals [i.e.,
a scenario that would have occurred without the project interventions (Aiama et al. 2015)].

The UCPS landscape is undergoing change irrespective of the development of the project.
Landcover change analysis between 2016 and 2019 indicates two main trends: 1) Loss of forest
of ca. 4.4% over a 3-year period; and 2) Increase in agricultural land and settlements at a rate
of 25% over a 3-year period (Table 72). This likely relates to an increasing human population
in the area, possibly reduced yields from agricultural lands (loss of soil fertility and soil
erosion) and thus the need to open up new land, and income from agriculture exceeding that
from agroforestry. Without intervention such trends will likely continue to result in ever
smaller forest patches and more agricultural land. Assuming a constant rate of decline, the
agroforest area will be reduced to less than 1,500 ha by 2050. Especially where agriculture is
developed on steep slopes, soil erosion will negatively impact sedimentation rates in the
aquatic systems.

Table 72. Composition of landscape scale land cover in the UCPS area in 2016 and 2019

 Land Cover                         2016 (ha)                         2019 (ha)
 Agroforest and natural forest      2366                              2262
 Pine forest                        10                                10
 Upland fields, rice fields and     866                               1066
 open lands
 Settlements                        55                                88
 TOTAL AREA (incl. water and        3452
 infrastructure)


The loss of forest habitat undermines the ecological viability of the area for maintaining forest
species. This may already have resulted in the recent extinction of some species. For example,
one individual of the Binturong Arctictis binturong, a large, frugivorous mammal species,
primarily feeding on figs (Ficus spp.) (Nakabayashi and Ahmad 2018), was found in 2009 and
2012 in the Curug Walet forest area (Sutrisno et al. 2012, Husodo et al. 2019), but has not been
recorded since (Husodo et al. 2019), suggesting it is likely extinct in the area. The species has
large ranging requirements of ca. 6 km2 (Grassman Jr et al. 2005), and its dependence on fruit
species may have undermined its ability to persist in Cisokan’s dwindling forest areas. Many
bird species similarly are unlikely to survive in increasingly small forest patches (Diamond et
al. 1987, Mardiastuti et al. 2019).


                                                                                               234
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Not only habitat loss is threatening biodiversity under the counterfactual scenario.
Unsustainable poaching and collecting rates are also threatening species, such as the
commercially valuable Pangolin, and a range of songbird species that have been collected for
many years in the area (Rahmat 2009). Many bird species that were once common in these
kinds of lowland and hilly parts of Java are now extinct in the area and have never been
encountered in recent surveys. This includes species like Crescent-chested Babbler (Stachyris
melanothorax), Western Yellow Wagtail (Motacilla flava), Great Tit (Parus major), and Javan
Myna (Acridotheres javanicus), which should be common in human-dominated areas on Java
but have rapidly decreased populations because of bird hunting activities (Hakim et al. 2020).
One fish species, Hampala macrolepidota, may also have disappeared because of unsustainable
fishing.




Figure 107. Net gain scenario of the biodiversity offset against the counterfactual scenario and in
relation to direct and indirect impacts.

The Forest Partnership Framework in the BMP provides the key strategy for addressing the
restoration and offset components of the mitigation hierarchy. The framework is designed
with a long-term goal to restore a connected (agro-)forest landscape across 3,800 ha of land
around the UCPS reservoirs and project facilities. The 3,800 ha of restoration aims to provide
a net positive gain, offsetting the 500 ha of direct impacts and the 2,629 ha of indirect
impacts, or 1,867 ha under the counterfactual scenario. It simultaneously aims to restore the
terrestrial biodiversity component by significantly increasing ecological connectivity among
forest areas, benefiting species that trigger the Critical Habitat criteria, such as Slow Loris and
Grizzled Leaf Monkey, and the aquatic habitat by improving ecological conditions alongside
tributaries flowing into the reservoirs and through improved fish management. Finally, the
restoration and offsetting strategies aim to fulfil socio-economic objectives through the
development of financially viable social forestry and agroforestry programs. These aim to
restore original agroforestry-based land uses in the UCPS area that provide communities with
improved income and reduce ecologically damaging land practices, such as open field
agricultural on steep slopes.




                                                                                               235
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
The biodiversity offset is additional to the losses that would have occurred under the
counterfactual scenario (see Section 2.11.2). This scenario indicates that, assuming a constant
rate of forest decline, the agroforest area will be reduced by 762 ha to less than 1,500 ha by
2050. The net positive gain targeted from the biodiversity offset against the counterfactual
scenario is therefore estimated at 3,800 ha – 500 ha (direct) – 2,629 ha (indirect) + 762 ha
(counterfactual loss) = 1,433 ha over a 30-year time frame (Figure 108).

In conclusion, the counterfactual scenario is one of declining ecological values in an already
heavily modified landscape, resulting in the extinction of species, especially larger forest-
dependent species, such as gibbons and langurs. The question is whether the no net loss needs
to take this counterfactual into consideration. Should the project’s impacts be measured
against the project’s biodiversity baseline, or against the trend that would likely have occurred
if the project had not been implemented? Either way, it is difficult in this environment to de-
link the baseline with the project and it seems obvious that major ecological restoration is
needed in the area to avoid further declines in biodiversity. This includes significant
reforestation efforts with species that provide both social and environmental benefits. Such
reforestation would increase the ecological viability of remaining forest patches from a current
estimated 25% of what the ecological value would be in primary forest conditions, but also
improve the quality of the aquatic system by protecting streams that flow into the reservoirs,
providing improved fish spawning sites, better habitat for invertebrates, reducing the
temperature of the water through increased shading, etc. The ecological restoration and
biodiversity management objectives aim to increase the ecological value of the landscape from
25 now to 50% after forest restoration has been fully implemented.

10.2.9.3 Applying the mitigation hierarchy

ESS 6 states that for the protection and conservation of habitats and the biodiversity they
support, the mitigation hierarchy includes biodiversity offsets. Offsets will be considered as a
last resort, only if significant residual adverse impacts remain after all technically and
financially feasible avoidance, minimization, and restoration measures have been considered
(Figure 108).

The BMP has sought to avoid and minimize impacts where possible, through improved
management of threats to wildlife (e.g., patrolling, community outreach, fire prevention),
mitigating loss of ecological connectivity through road culverts and arboreal bridges, and
other measures. As clarified in the analysis of the counterfactual, there is an ongoing trend,
however, of biodiversity and habitat quality decline that occurs irrespective of the project’s
impact. The BMP is therefore focusing strongly on a major effort of ecological restoration that
benefits both the terrestrial and aquatic systems, and provides benefits to communities,
making it more likely to get their buy-in on sustainable (agro-)forest management and
reducing threats to biodiversity (poaching, unsustainable collecting, poison fishing etc.).




                                                                                             236
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 108. Mitigation hierarchy showing how different impacts relate to different mitigation
measures

10.2.9.4 Offsetting losses in a sustainable development context

For the protection and conservation of habitats and the biodiversity they support, a
biodiversity offset will be designed and implemented to achieve measurable, additional, and
long-term conservation outcomes that can reasonably be expected to result in a net gain of
biodiversity.

The Forest Partnership Framework in the BMP provides the key strategy for addressing the
restoration and offset components of the mitigation hierarchy. The framework is designed
with a long-term goal to restore a connected (agro-)forest landscape across 3,800 ha of land
around the UCPS reservoirs and project facilities. The 3,800 ha of restoration aims to provide
a net positive gain offsetting the 500 ha of direct impacts and the 2,191 ha of indirect impacts.
It simultaneously aims to restore the terrestrial biodiversity component by significantly
increasing ecological connectivity among forest areas, benefiting species that trigger the
Critical Habitat criteria, such as Slow Loris and Grizzled Leaf Monkey, and the aquatic habitat
by improving ecological conditions alongside tributaries flowing into the reservoirs and
through improved fish management. Finally, the restoration and offsetting strategies aim to
fulfil socio-economic objectives through the development of financially viable social forestry
and agroforestry programs. These aim to restore original agroforestry-based land uses in the
UCPS area that provide communities with improved income and reduce ecologically
damaging land practices, such as open field agriculture on steep slopes.


                                                                                                237
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
10.2.9.5 Population Decline and Threats to Protected Wildlife in UCPS

The decline in wildlife populations due to the construction of the UCPS hydropower plant
can be caused by: a). Degradation and loss of vegetation due to land clearing, construction of
access roads as well as dams and its facilities (power houses, surge tanks, switch yards,
inspection roads) which narrow down animal habitats; b) Increased hunting due to easy
access via access roads; c) Project vehicle operations; and d) The potential for fire from the
activities of workers and animal hunters.

Degradation and loss of vegetation can cause potential sites (such as shelters, feeding ground,
reproduction sites) to be disturbed. Some populations of protected wildlife such as leopards,
Javan gibbons, slow lorises, porcupines and pangolins, especially those in the Gowek-Pasir
Nangka forest, are estimated to be threatened because their shelters and feeding ground are
disrupted due to land clearing and road, and dam construction.

The existence of access roads and inspection roads will improve and facilitate access for
hunters to areas that were previously somewhat difficult to reach, such as the Gowek forest,
and the forests in Curug Walet and Curug Japarana. Currently, in the planned area of the
UCPS hydropower plant, the community is still hunting animals. Construction activities on
the access road can cause disturbance to animals. This happens because on the main road
there are several areas that are inhabited by wild animals, such as the NR16-19 and NR23-25
areas and on the inspection road in the lower dam, switch yard, power house, and surge tank.
In connection with the construction activities at the UCPS Hydroelectric Power Plant, the
remaining pieces of wood and bushes left to dry around the activity site have the potential to
trigger a fire. In addition to workers who carry out activities around the location, local
residents are also very likely to do activities in this area. Activities of workers and residents
that have the potential to cause fires include inappropriate disposal of cigarette butts, cooking
fires, burning trash, or ngahuma. This activity is a threat to the survival of wildlife around the
hydropower plant project site. An assessment of the impact of population decline and threats
to protected wildlife is shown in Table 73.

Table 73. Impact Assessment of Population Decline and Threats to Protected Wildlife at UCPS
Construction Stage

Impact              Population Decline and Threats to Protected Wildlife
Impact Nature       Negative           Positive        Neutral
                    The decline in population as well as threats to protected animals, has the risk of causing an
                    imbalance in the ecosystem
Impact Type         Direct             Secondary       Indirect          Cumulative       Residual
                    (Agro)-forest habitat loss, hunting of wildlife, construction activities, and potential fire
                    cause pressure and threats to the wildlife population around the hydropower plant
Impact Duration     Temporary          Short-term      Long-term         Permanent
                    The decline in wildlife populations caused by the loss of vegetation will be long term,
                    however PLN will carry out revegetation to restore habitat conditions for wildlife.
Impact Extent       Local              Regional        Global
                    The impact occurs on the project site
Impact Magnitude    No change          Slight          Low               Medium           High
                    This decline in population and threats to wildlife has a medium impact, because it is
                    focused on the remaining forest between Gowek and Pasir Nangka which is a shelter and
                    feeding ground, but these areas are key remaining habitats for species in a landscape that
                    is rapidly being degraded by forest conversion for agriculture.

                                                                                                             238
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Receptor            Low                Low-Medium Medium                  Medium-High High
Sensitivity
                    The area of the wildlife habitat in the Gowek-Pasir Nangka forest is limited. Construction
                    activities will narrow the habitat, while the area around it is a cultivated area that lacks
                    potential as habitat. Therefore, it is feared that in the next few years the population of
                    various animal species in the area will shrink and there is a potential for local extinction to
                    occur.
Impact Severity     Slight             Low              Medium            High             Very High
                    Medium impact magnitude and medium-high receptor sensitivity resulted in high impact
                    severity.
Likelihood          Extremely          Unlikely         Low Likelihood Medium              High
                    unlikely                                           Likelihood          Likelihood/Inevitable
                    Monitoring data and field surveys indicate high likelihood of impacts, adding to ongoing
                    counterfactual pressures on habitat and wildlife populations
Significance        Negligible         Minor            Moderate          Major            Critical
                    The high impact severity with high or inevitable likelihood resulted in Major Significance.



10.2.9.6 Transmission Line Impacts

The environmental and biodiversity impacts of the transmission lines can be categorized into
three main problems, each requiring specific mitigation strategies: (1) Electrocution; (2)
Collision; and (3) Habitat loss and fragmentation. There are also some potentially beneficial
impacts of transmission lines. For example, powerline infrastructure is regularly used by
numerous bird species for roosting, foraging and hunting, nest building, and rearing young.
Species range from small birds that perch on powerlines to much larger birds (e.g., eagles)
(Hunting 2002). Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) or White-bellied Sea-eagles (Haliaeetus leucogaster)
nest on towers, for example. Nesting can, however, cause transmission outages, or even fires,
if nest materials or feces provide a pathway for electrical current. Power outages can also be
caused by snakes (see below) and avoiding these are both important from the perspective of
financial risk management and biodiversity protection.

10.2.9.6.1 Electrocution risks

Electrocution from power infrastructure threatens many mammal species, yet knowledge of
effective evidence-based mitigation strategies is limited (Katsis et al. 2018). Roosting fruit bats
and gliding mammals (flying squirrels, colugos), as well as large carnivores, including
leopards (Kolnegari et al. 2018) are sometimes killed through electrocution. Electrocutions of
primates tend to be concentrated in particular locations along the powerline structures, as
shown in studies in India (Ram et al. 2015), Bangladesh (Al-Razi et al. 2019), Brazil (Lokschin
et al. 2007) and Kenya (Katsis et al. 2018) and disproportionately affect species that are
commonly using horizontal structures, such as slow lorises (Nycticebus) and langurs
(Trachypithecus sp.) (Al-Razi et al. 2019). There have been anecdotal stories of slow lorises
between electrocuted on Java, but this was likely on smaller transmission line infrastructure
(V. Nijman, pers. comm.).

Mortality of snakes from electrocution on powerlines are anecdotally documented but have
not been well studied. Larger, climbing snakes such as pythons could be at particular risk. For
example, on the island of Guam, the Brown Tree Snake (Boiga irregularis), which is non-native
species on Java, causes frequent electrical power outages, especially on high voltage
transmission lines, on transformers, and inside electrical substations (Fritts 2002). These
snakes caused more than 1600 power outages in a 20-yr period, with a single outage spanning

                                                                                                               239
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
the entire island and lasting 8 or more hours estimated to cost in excess of $3,000,000 in lost
productivity.

Avian electrocution can occur if a bird simultaneously contacts either two phase wires or an
energized phase wire and a grounded (earthed) contact, such as a steel member. Avian
electrocutions can cause line faults and outages that negatively impact system reliability and
power quality. Due to behavioral factors, raptors are more susceptible to electrocution than
other groups of birds (Eccleston and Harness 2018). For Java, the raptor species that are most
likely to be affected are Crested Serpent Eagle (Spilornis cheela), Crested Hawk-Eagle (Nisaetus
cirrhatus) or Black Eagle (Ictinaetus malaiensis) that might perch or nest on power
infrastructure, and which have all been identified in the transmission line area. Storks, herons
and egrets can also be affected, although no stork species have been recorded in the UCPS or
transmission line areas.

10.2.9.6.2 Collision risks

Collisions with transmission infrastructure are mostly a problem for birds. Bird collisions
most often occur in raptors, species with either poor maneuverability (e.g., egrets), fast fliers,
such as imperial pigeons (Ducula spp.) and quails (Janss 2000), or waterbirds, such as ducks
and rails (MWH and Stantec 2018). For Java, the raptor species that is of most concern for
being affected by the transmission infrastructure is the endemic and Endangered Javan Hawk-
eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi). Furthermore, migratory species that, during the September to
November migration, pass west-to-east through the Javan highlands and areas to the north,
(Nijman et al. 2006) could collide with towers or powerlines (Figure 109). This includes
Chinese Goshawk (Accipiter soloensis), Japanese Sparrowhawk (Accipiter gularis), Oriental
Honey-Buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus), Black Baza (Aviceda leuphotes), and Short-toed Eagle
(Circaetus gallicus).




Figure 109. Map showing general direction across Java of September – November raptor migration,
which follows a general course through and north of the central mountain range on the island, and
runs perpendicular to the main transmission line route (Nijman et al. 2006). Red line indicates the
approximate location and direction of transmission lines.

10.2.9.6.3 Summary Electrocution and Collision Risks

No systematic studies exist in Indonesia that have quantified the risk of transmission
infrastructure to wildlife. The risk of electrocution and collision is, therefore, difficult to
estimate. Collision by birds and electrocution of birds, mammals and reptiles are key
concerns, with the latter also ensuing potentially large costs for the company if animal

                                                                                               240
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
electrocution leads to power outages. It is easier to mitigate these risks during the construction
phase, when mitigation measures are a small part of the budget, than during the maintenance
phase when such measures are relatively more expensive (Prinsen et al. 2012). The
precautionary principle should therefore be kept in mind when identifying mitigation needs.

No Critically Endangered species are likely to be impacted by electrocution or collision risks
in the UCPS transmission line area, although there might be some electrocution risk to slow
lorises. The transmission lines, however, run perpendicular to an area likely important for the
Asian Flyway bird migration route, with significant increase in raptor presence in the region
during the September to November migration season. Furthermore, the habitat of at least two
Critically Endangered species, Slow Loris and Pangolin (and likely also Leopard) will be
affected by forest clearing for transmission line development in the forested part of the
transmission route.

10.2.9.6.4 Habitat Loss and Fragmentation from the Transmission Line

Mapping results show that >50% of the land cover in the transmission line route is forest, with
the remainder mostly consisting of fields and rice fields, and settlements. Two Critically
Endangered mammal species, Pangolin and Slow Loris, were identified to be present in the
transmission line area. Within the forest area, the transmission line will require opening up
20-40 m of land around the line, creating a significant barrier for forest dependent species. The
species that will likely most be affected are those that avoid coming to the ground such as
Slow Loris and also Grizzled Leaf Monkey. In places where the access road provide access to
forests that did not previously occur, the risk of catching and hunting of birds, mammals and
other species also increases.

The total length of the new transmission line is 31.4 km, with a width of 20-40 m, requiring an
area of over 100 ha of cleared land, of which 50% is in secondary and plantation forest. No
primary forest occurs along the transmission line route. The two Critically Endangered
mammal species indicate that the forest areas converted for the transmission line are Critical
Habitat. The Slow Loris will be affected by the significant non-forest barrier as it is a forest-
dependent species. Other primates such as the Grizzled Leaf Monkey will also be affected as
they need to come to the ground to cross the non-forest barrier, where they are more likely to
be hunted. Where new roads are built into forest areas, increased access will increase hunting
pressure and deforestation risks. Elsewhere on Java, it was found that proximity to roads is a
driver for land use and land cover change, particularly up to 1 km from the road but tapering
off further than a kilometer away (CarbonTropic 2017). Published research also shows that a
1 km buffer around roads represents an indication of indirect impacts from increased hunting,
which decline linearly with distance from roads (Clayton et al. 1997, Laurance et al. 2006).
Access to forests via transmission line routes will be much more difficult than roads due to
the lack of vehicle access or ability to settle and use land within the corridor. It is, however,
possible, due to land pressures in Java, that the cleared route could increase informal
agriculture, settlement and hunting in the project area, even without road access. Indirect
impacts on critical habitat are therefore estimated at 31.4 km (transmission line length) * 0.5
(percentage in forest) * 0.2 km (zone indirectly impacted, applying lower rate of impact
compared to roads) = 314 ha indirectly impacted.


10.3 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Impacts
The Project requires 752, 39 ha of land for the access road, upper and lower reservoir, and
transmission line. Identified impacts due to land acquisition include loss of land,
                                                                                              241
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
houses/buildings/ other assets experienced by the landowners; loss of/ damage to public
infrastructures such as schools, mosques, water sources, roads, bridges, and sewage water
systems; and loss of forest land. The LARAP documents provide mitigation measures to
address the impacts above, including payment of cash compensation for loss of land and
assets; protection, relocation, and rehabilitation of affected public facilities; replacement of
forestry land and budget provision for revegetation; livelihood assistance and restoration
programs. There are several villages that are affected directly by the project, namely
Sukaresmi village, Bojongsalam village, Karangnunggal village and Cicadas village.

A Review on the Implementation of the LARAP was held from February to November 2020
by independent consultants. Detailed information is available in LARAP Implementation
Review Report, 2021. Key findings include:

    •   Access roads with a total of 55.1 ha have been fully acquired and 562 landowners have
        been fully compensated. A total of 251.85 ha owned by 891 landowners of upper and
        lower reservoir have been compensated. There is a need for approximately 3.4 ha of
        additional land owned by 37 Households which will be confirmed and processed in
        the next phase of the project. 59 landowners of a total of 2.70 ha for transmission line
        construction have been compensated. Only one owner (of 0.05 ha) has not received
        compensation as the owner lives in another province.
    •   2.12 ha of unviable lands have been identified in West Bandung Regency.
        Identification of similar land in Cianjur Regency has not commenced. None of the
        unviable land has been compensated. This will be followed up by PLN.
    •   PLN will need to follow up on replacement/ compensation for affected village
        treasury land and waqf land.
    •   There are 765 households that must be relocated from the impacted area. A total of 199
        households in the access road were relocated within the same village, while 566
        households of PAPs in the reservoir area must be relocated to other villages. 54
        households have not relocated for various reasons. Reportedly, 12 households will
        move as soon as PLN builds a mosque in their resettlement area. The rest of the
        households expressed other reasons including running out of compensation money
        and therefore being unable to afford a new house in another area, waiting for PLN to
        build religious/worship facilities in the new resettlement area, and other personal
        constraints. Although all PAPs opted for self-relocation, meaning managing their own
        relocation process after receiving cash compensation, PLN supported construction of
        public facilities in 2 resettlement locations.
    •   PLN has implemented economic assistance and livelihood restoration programs,
        benefiting the PAPs.

At the moment, the new PAPs’ destinations of settlement locations are including:

    1. Households affected by inundation (upper reservoir)
          a. Jegud/Tapos Sand Sub-village, Sukaresmi Village, Rongga Sub-district, West
             Bandung District.
          b. Cidongke Sub-village, Bojong Village, Rongga Sub-district, West Bandung
             District.
          c. Munjul Sub-village, Bojong Village, Rongga Sub-district, West Bandung
             District.
          d. Santik Sub-village, Bojong Village, Rongga Sub-district, West Bandung
             District.
    b. Cihaneut Sub-village, Bojong Village, Rongga Sub-district, West Bandung District.

                                                                                            242
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
    2. Households affected by inundation (lower reservoir)
         a. Cangkuang Sub-village, Bojongsalam Village, Rongga Sub-district, West
             Bandung District.
         b. Jolok Sub-village, Cicadas Village, Rongga Sub-district, West Bandung District.
         c. Gunung Batu Sub-village, Desa Cicadas, Rongga Sub-district, West Bandung
             District.
    3. Households affected by inundation in switchyard
         a. Laja Sand Sub-village, Sukaresmi Village, Rongga Sub-district, West Bandung
             District.
         b. Babakan Sub-village, Bandung, Sukaresmi Village, Rongga Sub-district, West
             Bandung District.

There is a potential of additional land acquisition required for the construction of ancillary
facilities such as a workforce base camp, surge tank, spoil bank, and access to a powerhouse.
Referring to the estimated plan in the LARAP Report, the additional land requirement above
private lands is estimated to be less than 5 ha. The Land Acquisition and Resettlement Policy
Framework (LARPF) has been developed to guide future land acquisition. The requirement
for additional land is maximized by using Perhutani's land and areas that have obtained a
Borrowing-Use Permit from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK). However, if
the suitable land is located outside the area that already has a permit from the KLHK, then
PT. PLN needs to submit a change in the permit area to the KLHK. Besides, land acquisition
is also possible on land owned by individuals (non-forest). However, Area Switchyard is
given a priority to ensure safety slope protection, and also because it is above private land.

The additional land requirement location was not set-in stone, but the acquisition could have
affected the community who has the land or livelihood in those areas. Table 74 summarizes
impacts from land acquisition and resettlement.

Table 74. Land Acquisition and Resettlement Impacts

 Impact         The acquisition for additional land could have affected the community who has the land or
                livelihood in those lands.
 Impact         Negative           Positive         Neutral
 Nature
                The relocation process moves residents away from disturbances that can occur during the project
                The additional land acquisition prohibits the use of the acquired land by people.
 Impact Type    Direct             Secondary        Indirect          Cumulative          Residual
                The land acquired has a direct effect on the landowners or the livelihood residents
 Impact         Temporary          Short-term       Long-term         Permanent
 Duration
                People who have to move cannot occupy their land because the land is used by PLN as a project
                area
 Impact         Local              Regional         Global
 Extent
                The level of impact will be local, limited to the project area that will be acquisitioned
 Magnitude      No change          Slight           Low               Medium              High
                The magnitude of the impact will be at the medium level, as only residents whose areas are
                acquisitioned will be affected.
 Receptor       Low                Low-             Medium            Medium-High         High
 Sensitivity                       Medium
                The receptor sensitivity is at a medium level where the transaction allows room for negotiation for
                landowners, including the option of refusal if there are no mutually agreed terms


                                                                                                            243
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
 Impact         Slight           Low             Medium           High               Very High
 Severity
                The combination of medium impact magnitude and medium receptor sensitivity categorizes the
                impact level as medium. Land buyers and owners have equality in negotiations.
 Likelihood     Extremely        Unlikely        Low              Medium             High
                unlikely                         Likelihood       Likelihood         Likelihood/Inevitable
                While there will be no construction activities on the land before an agreement is made, the land
                acquisition has been planned and estimated
 Significance   Negligible       Minor           Moderate         Major              Critical
                The combination of high likelihood and medium impact severity will produce a Moderate
                Significance impact.



Mitigation:

    1. Implementation of proposed action plan identified in the LARAP implementation
       review report to complete the identified outstanding tasks and issues
    2. Implementation of LARF for the additional land acquisition.

10.3.1 Livelihood Changes

10.3.1.1 Livelihood Changes Forestry Dependent Livelihood

Access road construction for the Project has been completed. Prior to access road construction,
the majority of the people in communities surrounding the project area worked as farmers or
other agriculture-related occupations. After the road construction, mobility of the younger
working-class group out of the village is higher, hence, the number of youths moving to urban
areas to work as factory workers have also increased. Various employment opportunities
were made available to various productive resources increased. Various PAPs’ products are
expanded to wider markets, including Bandung City and other smaller cities

Various new jobs and businesses have emerged along the new roads, such as mechanics
(workshops), grocery traders, traveling traders, electronic traders (television, mobile phones,
vouchers, internet quotas, and others), and transportation services (motorcycle taxis, rural
transportation, freight transport). Nevertheless, the majority of the community still work in
farming including in paddy, horticulture, forestry land cultivation, and as farm labors and
agricultural product traders. There are many PAPs who were rice farmers (especially those
who live in Sawah Sub-village and New Road) who no longer own rice fields, they have
relocated to new settlements which previously almost entirely consisted of dry land. The
PAPs still hold status as farmers, however, the commodities farmed have changed and the
farming system has shifted from paddy to huma farming.

The utilization of forest land for huma-ladang was carried out by approximately 1658
households in 38 hamlets in the northern part of the project site plan, including Sukaresmi
Village in West Bandung Regency and Sukarama and Karang Nunggal Villages in Cianjur
Regency. The huma- ladang was also carried out by residents living in villages to the south of
the project site plan. However, this activity was not indicated as being as intensive as the
activity carried out by the residents in the northern part of the project.

The dam will be constructed in forestry land managed by Perhutani, which will cause loss on
the forestry land and consequently to the people who use the forest resource. Therefore, due


                                                                                                         244
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
to the construction stage and the establishment of the restoration area, there will be an impact
on the community whose livelihood depends on the forest managed by Perhutani.

Table 75. Impact Assessment on Livelihood Changes

 Impact         Livelihood changes of communities dependent on Forestry lands.
 Impact         Negative          Positive        Neutral
 Nature
                Livelihood changes can have a negative impact, but also provide new opportunities through more
                sustainable resource use and new jobs
 Impact Type    Direct            Secondary       Indirect          Cumulative               Residual
                The impact of construction on society will directly impact the forest-dependent communities
 Impact         Temporary         Short-term      Long-term         Permanent
 Duration
                Livelihood changes are considered to be permanent, especially since the forestry land will be used
                as a location to construct dam, the surrounding area also will be restricted from access.
 Impact         Local             Regional        Global
 Extent
                The level of impact will cause local impact because it will only impact the community who use the
                forest resource
 Magnitude      No change         Slight          Low               Medium                   High
                Impact magnitude at medium level. The community could change their livelihood caused by loss
                on the forestry land
 Receptor       Low               Low-            Medium            Medium High              High
 Sensitivity                      Medium
                The livelihoods of the communities around the UPS Project were dependent on forest resources.
 Impact         Slight            Low             Medium            High                     Very High
 Severity
                The combination of impact magnitude at medium level and receptor sensitivity at medium level
                resulted in impact severity at high level.
 Likelihood     Extremely         Unlikely        Low               Medium Likelihood        High
                unlikely                          Likelihood                                 Likelihood/Inevitable
                With the construction of the Cisokan hydropower plant, it is inevitable that the affected
                communities whose livelihoods are related to land will change.
 Significance   Negligible        Minor           Moderate          Major                    Critical
                The combination of high likelihood and medium level impact severity will produce an overall Major
                Significance impact.



Mitigation:

Implementation of Forest Partnership Action Plan which focuses on livelihood restoration of
the local communities. This also includes integrated management of biodiversity in the
Restoration Area covering 15 Biodiversity Important Areas (BIAs), six corridors, and Buffer
zones.

10.3.1.2 Livelihood Changes in Woman Landowners

Livelihood restoration and income rehabilitation programs for the affected landowners were
carried out by PT. PLN in collaboration with the Office of Social Affairs and Manpower, the
Village Community Empowerment Agency, and the Office of Small and Medium-sized
Enterprises (UMKM). Some economic restoration programs are only targeted to certain
groups of PAPs, including women's groups, assistances for local food processing, cooking and
local products packaging (food and handicrafts).

                                                                                                                245
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
LARAP implementation review report confirmed that the role of women in regulating the
productive sector tends to increase, both in the agricultural sector and in micro, small and
medium enterprises. The trend of increasing the role of rural women in business management
occurs in line with the increasing number of male migrants in urban areas. The roles of women
have increased, particularly in the stalls, trading, and handicraft business. This indicates a
shift in the composition of ‘breadwinner’ within PAP households, from being p reviously
dominated by the male household heads (husbands) to the women. This circumstance also
shows that income generating activities conducted by the wives have the potential to be
developed. Becoming food-processors, village officials, Islamic boarding school caretakers,
and property traders are just a few of the professions.

Table 76. Impact Assessment on Women Land Owners Livelihoods

 Impact              Changes in the livelihoods of women land owners
 Impact Nature       Negative            Positive          Neutral
                     Women are given more responsibility to improve their livelihood and income
 Impact Type         Direct              Secondary         Indirect           Cumulative        Residual
                     The impact of construction will directly impact communities.
 Impact Duration     Temporary           Short-term        Long-term          Permanent
                     Changes in the livelihoods of the affected women are considered to be permanent, especially
                     by the people who are directly affected at the project site.
 Impact Extent       Local               Regional          Global
                     The level of impact is localized because the alternative types of work are still on a micro scale,
                     except for cooperatives that have been directly fostered by the district UMKM Office
 Impact Magnitude    No change           Slight            Low                Medium            High
                     Impact magnitude is at a medium level. The community gets new livelihoods and economic
                     activities in the vicinity because of improved road access.
 Receptor            Low                 Low-Medium        Medium             Medium-           High
 Sensitivity                                                                  High
                     Receptor sensitivity was at a medium level where changes in livelihoods were felt by the
                     community, including the emergence of job opportunities for women. Data are lacking on
                     specific impacts on the elderly and disabled.
 Impact Severity     Slight              Low               Medium             High              Very High
                     The combination of impact magnitude at medium level and receptor sensitivity is at medium
                     level so that the impact severity is at high level
 Likelihood          Extremely           Unlikely          Low                Medium            High
                     unlikely                              Likelihood         Likelihood        Likelihood/Inevitabl
                                                                                                e
                     With the construction of the Cisokan hydropower, it is inevitable that the affected
                     communities whose livelihoods are related to land will change. Women in particular
                     experienced a significant change from farming to trading.
 Significance        Negligible          Minor             Moderate           Major             Critical
                     The combination of high likelihood and high level impact severity will produce an overall
                     Major Significant impact.




                                                                                                               246
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
10.3.2 Demographic Change

Construction activities carried out in the UCPS area will bring in construction workers from
outside the area. An increase in the number of people caused by construction workers' arrival
can potentially bring changes to demographics in the future.

Table 77. Impact Assessment on Demographic Changes

 Impact         Increase in the community population in the project area due to the influx of newcomers
 Impact         Negative         Positive       Neutral
 Nature
                Demographic changes are Neutral in nature
 Impact Type    Direct           Secondary      Indirect         Cumulative        Residual
                The impact results from direct interactions between construction workers/new arrivals and the
                community
 Impact         Temporary        Short-term     Long-term        Permanent
 Duration
                The increase in population occurs during the construction and operational periods, given there
                is a relationship between project workers and the community in the UCPS area
 Impact         Local            Regional       Global
 Extent
                The population increase will occur in the UCPS area
 Magnitude      No change        Slight         Low              Medium            High
                The community will interact with newcomer/project workers during the project, especially
                people living in the UCPS area. However, construction workers are expected to leave the UCPS
                site after the project ends.
 Receptor       Low              Low-           Medium           Medium-High       High
 Sensitivity                     Medium
                Based on consultations, UCPS local communities have a character that easily accepts new
                people and can adapt to the arrival of newcomers/project workers.
 Impact         Slight           Low            Medium           High              Very High
 Severity
                The combination of the impact magnitude at the low level and the sensitivity of the impact
                recipient is at the low-medium level which resulted in impact severity at the low level
 Likelihood     Extremely        Unlikely       Low              Medium            High
                unlikely                        Likelihood       Likelihood        Likelihood/Inevitable
                There is a medium likelihood that relationships between newcomers and the community are
                established which could increase the population of the community in the UCPS area
 Significance   Negligible       Minor          Moderate         Major             Critical
                The combination of the medium likelihood and impact severity at the low level will result in
                an overall Negligible Significance impact.



10.3.3 Impact on Income Associated with Construction Activities

The project activities can affect the increase in economic activity around the area. For example,
opening up business opportunities that also provide benefits such as food and services during
the construction period, which can contribute to economic prosperity. Based on the LARAP
midterm report in 2016, there was a significant change in the income of the project affected
residents (Table 78). As much as 52.33% of respondents experienced an increase in income.

Table 78. Impact Assessment on Income Related to Construction Activities




                                                                                                           247
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
 Impact         The construction process of the Cisokan hydropower plant and its access roads will have an
                impact on the income of the surrounding community
 Impact         Negative          Positive         Neutral
 Nature
                The construction activities will provide the community with new business opportunities (for
                income).
 Impact Type    Direct            Secondary        Indirect         Cumulative    Residual
                Construction activities open up opportunities for people to new sources of income.
 Impact         Temporary         Short-term       Long-term        Permanent
 Duration
                The impact on community income will be permanent because community is provided a new
                market during the construction phase and opportunities to expand business with the access
                road.
 Impact         Local             Regional         Global
 Extent
                The level of impact will be local, limited to the project area
 Magnitude      No change         Slight           Low              Medium        High
                The magnitude of the impact is at the medium level, because of a potential increase in
                community income due to the arrival of potential customers and the opening of easier access
                to the UCPS area
 Receptor       Low               Low-             Medium           Medium-High   High
 Sensitivity                      Medium
                Community sensitivity to the impact of income changes is at low-medium levels. The
                community will be able to take advantage of opportunities by opening kiosks and increasing
                the distribution of village produce to improve the economy.
 Impact         Slight            Low              Medium           High          Very High
 Severity
                The combination of the impact magnitude at the medium level and the impact receptor
                sensitivity at the low-medium level results in the impact severity being at the medium level.
 Likelihood     Extremely         Unlikely         Low              Medium        High
                unlikely                           Likelihood       Likelihood    Likelihood/Inevitable
                The likelihood of the impact occurring is at the medium level.
 Significance   Negligible        Minor            Moderate         Major         Critical
                The combination of medium likelihood and impact severity at medium level will result in a
                minor-moderate impact overall.



10.3.4 Risk of Labour from Outside the Project Area

Labor influx risk has been assessed as high with an increase in workers during peak estimated
to be 2700 with approximately 4500-6000 followers. (Table 79). There is a shortage of skilled
labor which has required sourcing of skilled workforce from other areas of the country. The
additional population will likely strain local community dynamics, as well as burden local
infrastructures and public service provisions, such as the health systems. There is an increased
risk of illicit behavior or crimes, GBV, substance abuse, prostitution, and human trafficking as
well as associated health risks with communicable diseases such as STDs.

The infrastructure project is followed by the mobilization of workers at the project site. This
can cause fundamental changes in social life. One thing that needs to be anticipated is the
emergence of various sexual behaviors that occur between community groups and workers
which then lead to gender-based violence such as prostitution, human trafficking, child
marriage and other types of violence against vulnerable groups (women, children, disabilities
and the elderly). This is as conveyed in the final report of the social and stakeholder mapping


                                                                                                          248
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
program for the construction of PLTA UCPS in West Bandung Regency (2019) which revealed
that in one of the affected villages, commercial sex workers had emerged in the project area.

Table 79. Impact Assessment on Workers from Outside UCPS to Social Activities in the Project
Area

 Impact         Potential risks of illicit and unsolicited behaviors, such as crimes, GBV, substance abuse,
                prostitution, and human trafficking as well as associated health risks with communicable diseases
                such as STDs
 Impact         Negative           Positive         Neutral
 Nature
                The arrival of workers from outside the project area will have a negative impact on the social
                community around the project
 Impact Type    Direct             Secondary        Indirect          Cumulative         Residual
                Even though the impact will be felt directly by the community, the impact is indirectly caused by
                the project.
 Impact         Temporary          Short-term       Long-term         Permanent
 Duration
                The impacts will initially be short-term during the construction process, but because of lasting
                changes in the area, the impact duration is considered to be long-term.
 Impact         Local              Regional         Global
 Extent
                The level of impact will be local, limited to the Project location.
 Magnitude      No change          Slight           Low               Medium             High
                The impact can even lead to illicit/unsolicited behaviour in the location that leads to social issues.
 Receptor       Low                Low-             Medium            Medium-High        High
 Sensitivity                       Medium
                The community tends to be open to accepting newcomers who are workers in the Cisokan project.
                Outside workers also have a good perception in the eyes of the community which facilitates
                interaction between them.
 Impact         Slight             Low              Medium            High               Very High
 Severity
                The combination of the impact magnitude at the high level and the impact receptor sensitivity at
                the medium-high level results in the impact severity being at the high level
 Likelihood     Extremely          Unlikely         Low               Medium             High
                unlikely                            Likelihood        Likelihood         Likelihood/Inevitable
                Previous construction activities indicated that project workers who came from outside the male-
                dominated areas tend to interact with residents around the project
 Significance   Negligible         Minor            Moderate          Major              Critical
                The combination of medium likelihood and impact severity at high level will result in a Major
                Significance impact overall.



Mitigation

Mitigation measures addressing potential risks and impacts resulting from incoming workers
are provided in the SCMP document.

10.3.5 Impact on Cultural Heritage

Cultural heritage is present either in the form of tangible cultural objects or intangible cultural
activities, such as ceremonies and rituals. There are no sites registered with local and national
authorities with legal and important protection of cultural heritage. However, some sites need
attention because of their religious or cultural significance, such as graves considered sacred
by local communities and pilgrims. There are also many private burial sites and religious
                                                                                                               249
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
structures within the project area, which should also be respected and protected during
reservoir construction and preparation.

A Physical Cultural Resource survey, which includes religious buildings and private graves,
which was conducted in 2009 and carried out in consultation with the community includes
the identification of the location, grid reference location using GPS, and photographic
recording. The report is presented in the standalone document (App-E_UCPS Physical
Cultural Resources Survey Report 2009). None of the sites registered with local and national
authorities have legal or important protection. Locations that have particular importance,
because they have religious or other significance, are considered sacred graves, by the
surrounding community and pilgrims, namely Batu Bedil and Maqom Mbah Tubuy (famous
ustadz graves). However, there are also many private graves and religious structures within
the project area which should also be respected and protected during reservoir construction
and preparation.

Based on the interviews related to Land Acquisition Committee (Panitia Pengadaan Tanah -
P2T) with the land division of UIP PLN, it revealed that with the abolishment of P2T most
land acquisitions were regarded to have been completed, with the exception of remaining
lands (TKD and waqf (mosques and madrasah) and surrounding land). The land
compensation process was carried out during the period of 2014 to 2016, with a total of 222
tomb sites compensated for.

One intangible object of note is the interesting traditional ceremony associated with farming
activities, this is called the Mantra Tandur in Karangnunggal Village, Cibeber District, as
described in the baseline. The Mantra Tandur tradition has the potential to be affected by dam
construction and the availability of water during the rice planting period, therefore the impact
on intangible culture needs to be considered to maintain the Mantra Tandur ceremony.

Table 80. Impact Assessment on Intangible Cultural Heritage

 Impact              Impact on intangible cultural heritage of the Mantra Tandur, as well as private graves and
                     religious structures within the project area.
 Impact Nature       Negative            Positive         Neutral
                     The impact on cultural heritage during construction and operation will be negative.
 Impact Type         Direct              Secondary        Indirect        Cumulative     Residual
                     Cultural heritage and related sites and locations will experience secondary impacts by the
                     UCPS construction and operations processes
 Impact Duration     Temporary           Short-term       Long-term       Permanent
                     The duration associated with impact on cultural heritage sites will be temporary, occurring
                     only during construction, but there are culturally important sites that will be permanently
                     impacted.
 Impact Extent       Local               Regional         Global
                     The level of impact will be local.
 Magnitude           No change           Slight           Low             Medium         High
                     The magnitude of the impact occurs in areas used by PLN, especially in areas that will be
                     inundated. The magnitude of the impact will also depend on the value of cultural objects
                     which are usually irreplaceable even if relocation can be carried out
 Receptor            Low                 Low-Medium       Medium          Medium-        High
 Sensitivity                                                              High
                     Depending on the cultural heritage sites or locations for ceremonies that can or cannot be
                     moved, the receptor sensitivity is medium-high.

                                                                                                           250
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
 Impact Severity     Slight             Low              Medium               High         Very High
                     The combination of Medium Magnitude and Medium-High Receptor Sensitivity categorizes
                     the impact severity as High.
 Likelihood          Extremely          Unlikely         Low                  Medium       High
                     unlikely                            Likelihood           Likelihood   Likelihood/Inevitable
                     These impacts are likely to occur during construction.
 Significance        Negligible         Minor            Moderate             Major        Critical
                     The combination of medium likelihood and moderate severity will result in impacts of Major
                     Significance.



Mitigation:

    1. The inundation process is carried out in accordance with the established SOP.
    2. Conducting consultations with the community regarding culture around the project.
    3. Intangible cultural heritage requires the preparation of a conservation plan for
       customary values.

10.3.6 Community Perceptions around the Project

The development activities of the Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage (UCPS) Hydropower plant
have generated public perceptions regarding the impacts. The main problems or negative
perceptions expressed by residents include the process of land acquisition, labor recruitment,
compensation for community comfort, health, explosion disturbances, cracks in houses,
absence of electricity, inappropriate SPPT value, and unpaid remaining land. This has the
potential to trigger disruption from the community to the sustainability of the project.

In January 2013, PLN established a Complaint Handling Task Force to receive and resolve
complaints related to land acquisition issues. Subsequently, the GTF Team was reassigned in
June 2015, with a working period until May 2016. This assignment was in line with the
commencement of the land acquisition process in the transmission road project area from
August 2014. During this one-year working period (June 2015-May 2016), the Complaints
Handling Task Force provided 3 channels for receiving complaints; through the TPA hotline
number, direct visit (Basecamp/UPK/PMK), and through village facilitators.

After May 2016, the Complaints Handling Task Force assignment was no longer extended. As
a result, from June 2016 to October 2018 (28 months), there were no records of complaints
from the public. Records on complaint receipts and handling reappeared in November 2018.
The party in charge was the Legal, Communication, and Land Affairs unit at UPP (Source:
Recapitulation of Social Problems, updated July 2020). After that, in 2018, with the absence of
the Complaint Handling Task Force, the community complaints process was directed to the
village government for accommodation and subsequently accommodated at UPP (Legal,
Communication and Land section).

The shift of the complaint channel to the Legal, Communications, and Land Affairs division
has produced mixed messages that affected the flow of complaints handling from the public
to PLN. This caused obstacles in the process of submitting complaints from the public. As a
result, in October 2019 there was a demonstration in front of the UPP UCPS Office in
Ciangkrong with the issues raised:

    1. Settlement of construction impact-related cases.

                                                                                                          251
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
    2. Settlement of “remaining land” and “squeezed land” compensation payments.
    3. Clarification of funds for economic recovery assistance

With these unresolved land issues, the matters have actually been delegated to the monitoring
and evaluation team of West Bandung and Cianjur Districts concerning matters associated
with land settlement-related compensation issues. From the interview with the team, work
began in August. During the period of August - December 2019, the team had conducted
measurement, inventory and verification of such lands that had not yet been compensated. In
January-February 2020, it was reported to PT. PLN that a form of recommendation report that,
among other things, contains recommendation to immediately settle compensation for the
remaining and surrounded lands (private property). Even though the contract actually
expired March 2020, the Monev Team is still working, especially to accommodate various
complaints related to the construction of the UCPS project.

Based on information collected from heads of Cicadas and Sukaresmi Villages in 2020,
community and village offices have difficulties in reporting/confirming land acquisition
matters, CSR and infrastructure issues. Neither PT. PLN nor local government provided any
clear solutions. The interviews with the land division of UIP PLAN also informed that, in
principle, PLN is willing to solve the matters, however there is no institutional arrangement
available nor any funding available, in particular for the 2020 budget.

Failure to resolve community grievances can negatively affect the project’s performance to
achieve its objectives. As such, an effective grievance redress mechanism is critical to respond
to stakeholders’ including community concerns and complaints. Impacts are summarized in
Table 81.

Table 81. Impact Assessment on Public Social Disturbance around the Project

 Impact         Public anxiety about the unclear complain mechanism
 Impact         Negative          Positive        Neutral
 Nature
                The public anxiety that community felt will be negative impact
 Impact Type    Direct            Secondary       Indirect          Cumulative         Residual
                The impacts obtained are directly related to the project location and the surrounding community
 Impact         Temporary         Short-term      Long-term         Permanent
 Duration
                The unresolved issues on the project will result in the restlessness of community during and after
                the project
 Impact         Local             Regional        Global
 Extent
                Public anxiety only covers the vicinity of the UCPS project area and transmission lines
 Magnitude      No change         Slight          Low               Medium             High
                The magnitude of the impact that results in the restlessness of the community is low. The complaints
                are expected to occur when there is a discrepancy in the fulfilment of PLN's contract with the
                community.
 Receptor       Low               Low-            Medium            Medium-High        High
 Sensitivity                      Medium
                The affected community have medium-high sensitivity related to their anxiety about the project in
                their vicinity, especially when uncompensated payment is still an unresolved issue.
 Impact         Slight            Low             Medium            High               Very High
 Severity
                The combination of Low impact magnitude and Medium-High Receptor Sensitivity categorizes the
                impact severity as Medium



                                                                                                            252
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
 Likelihood      Extremely         Unlikely        Low              Medium             High Likelihood/Inevitable
                 unlikely                          Likelihood       Likelihood
                 Interference or maybe demonstrations is very likely to occur during normal operating conditions if
                 the issue is still unresolved. Demonstrations also took place in 2019.
 Significance    Negligible        Minor           Moderate         Major              Critical
                 The combination of the Medium likelihood and the Medium Severity level will result in Minor-
                 Moderate significance.



Mitigation:

A grievance redress mechanism has been updated with a clear procedure and implementation
arrangement. The project will establish a Grievance Unit to manage all grievances related to
the project. Socialization on the GRM to the affected communities will be conducted as
planned in the Stakeholder Engagement Plan.

10.3.7 Danger of Traffic Accidents

The old and new roads partly pass-through villages with houses, schools and economic
businesses located close to the road. The safety of road users (pedestrians, motorcyclists and
motorists) is a priority during the construction period, especially because of the heavy vehicles
that will transport the quarry rock to the dam site. Other heavy traffic will transport
machinery and equipment from outside Java Island. Another significant effect is traffic noise.

The structure and design of road user safety and noise mitigation are essential parts of the
Access Road Construction Environmental Management Plan, which includes:

        •     Develop speed restrictions (signs, speed bumps) required at schools, villages, and
              intersections.
        •     Provide pathways for pedestrians, such as sidewalks and zebra crossings.
        •     Warning signs for all connecting roads, to alert traffic users that there are heavy
              vehicles on the access road.
        •     Provide noise suppression in schools and mosques.
        •     Ensures adequate road turns for heavy vehicles and increases visibility at turns
              and intersections by installing mirrors.

Traffic management will be a major part of the Construction Management Plan and the
Workers' Barracks/Basecamp. Heavy vehicle traffic cannot be reduced but still managed.
Management options include:

        •     Restrict construction vehicle traffic during the hours that children travel to and
              from school, and provide traffic management to direct traffic during these hours.
        •     Ban heavy vehicle traffic after dark.
        •     Large/heavy vehicles require an escort vehicle.
        •     Signs for access roads and displays safety signs along the road at fixed intervals.
        •     Outreach programs for students and the community.
        •     Inform the public about regular traffic movements.
        •     Driver outreach programs.
        •     Carry out complaint records and implementation plans.



                                                                                                            253
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Consideration of road design, heavy traffic restrictions and management, and extension
programs, which will contribute to safer roads, minimizing potential risks to road users.

During the construction stage, traffic accidents can occur along the main road. The access road
passes through the villages where houses, schools and economic enterprises are along the
road.

A detailed assessment of the project's impact on traffic safety can be seen in Table 82.

Table 82. Traffic Safety Impact Assessment

Impact              Impact on traffic safety during construction
Impact Nature       Negative           Positive        Neutral
                    Traffic safety impacts during construction will have a negative impact.
Impact Type         Direct             Secondary       Indirect           Cumulative      Residual
                    Traffic safety impacts during construction will have an immediate impact.
Impact Duration     Temporary          Short-term      Long-term          Permanent
                    The duration will be temporary because it relates to heavy vehicle traffic during
                    construction.
Impact Extent       Local              Regional        Global
                    The extent of the impact will be local, limited to the area of the main road.
Magnitude           No change          Slight          Low                Medium          High
                    The magnitude of the impact will be High if traffic management and the provision of
                    control measures are inadequate.
Receptor            Low                Low-Medium Medium                  Medium-High High
Sensitivity
                    The sensitivity of the receptors is Low-Medium because traffic signs have been installed
                    including on crossings on the Access road. Management of entry and exit of heavy vehicles
                    will be scheduled and controlled.
Impact Severity     Slight             Low             Medium             High            Very High
                    The combination of High Magnitude and Low-Medium receptor sensitivity categorizes the
                    impact severity as High.
Likelihood          Extremely          Unlikely        Low Likelihood Medium              High
                    unlikely                                          Likelihood          Likelihood/Inevitable
                    These events do not appear to have occurred at some time during construction and there
                    has never been an accident on an access road.
Significance        Negligible         Minor           Moderate           Major           Critical
                    The combination of Low Likelihood and High Severity results in a Minor-Moderate
                    significance.



10.3.8 Economic Employment and Business Opportunities

The main advantage of the project is job opportunities and prospects for earning income
through products and services. Employment opportunities for local people as manual laborers
will increase sharply during construction. It is estimated that an additional 1500 workers will
be required during the project; as many as two-thirds of manual labor positions are for local
residents. Landowners and other residents in the project area have priority, especially for
manual labor. The contractor will manage the workforce, and job vacancies will be announced
at the contractor's office so that local people can apply to work.


                                                                                                           254
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
There is a temporary increase in economic activity during the construction stage, with the
need for services such as accommodation, shops, rental vehicles, and the supply of materials
so the needs of the workers and their families could be met.

Both employment and business activities are expected to increase local people's income from
the non-agricultural sector and have a substantial (short-term) effect on welfare and poverty
reduction. The increase in family income is expected to increase the standard of living. There
are also opportunities to learn and improve skills and expertise.

The potential risk is the distortion of workers in the home or on the farm, especially those not
involved in construction.

Employment opportunities and opportunities for income through products and services will
increase during construction.

Table 83. Impact Assessment on Employment and Business Opportunities

Impact             Impact on employment opportunities and economic business
Nature of Impact   Negative         Positive          Neutral
                   The impact of employment opportunities and economic business will have be positive.
Impact Type        Direct           Secondary         Indirect        Cumulative          Residual
                   The impact on economic employment and business opportunities during construction in
                   indirect.
Duration of        Temporary        Short-term        Long-term       Permanent
Impact
                   The duration will be short-term, limited to the construction period.
Impact Range       Local            Regional          Global
                   The extent of the impact will be regional, within the UCPS construction area and the
                   transmission line and the surrounding area.
Magnitude          No changes       Slight            Low             Moderate            High
                   The magnitude of the impact will be High because economic activity will take place
Receptor           Low              Low-Moderate      Moderate        Medium-High         High
Sensitivity
                   The sensitivity of the receptors is low-moderate because the number of workers required is
                   large enough for the acceleration of economic enterprises.
Impact severity    Slight           Low               Moderate        High                Very high
                   The combination of High Magnitude and Low-Medium receptor sensitivity categorizes the
                   impact severity as High.
Likelihood         Extremely        Unlikely          Low             Medium              High
                   unlikely                           Likelihood      Likelihood          Likelihood/Inevitable
                   The probability of the impact is high.
Significance       Negligible       Minor             Moderate        Major               Critical
                   The combination of High Likelihood and High Severity causes the impact significance to be
                   Major.



10.3.9 Community Lifestyle, Health and Culture

There is a risk of community disruption and unrest due to the abundance of workers during
the construction period. This usually occurs when customs and traditions or religion are
ignored by migrant workers, or when relatively high paid workers live in low-income
communities. Increase in crime and social harassment are also possible among the resident
                                                                                                           255
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
and migrant populations. The project construction activities, along with the influx of labor
into the project area could have general public health and safety impacts upon the
communities in the project areas. Local community members could be exposed during the
construction phase to higher risks of STDs and other communicable diseases, as well as
respiratory illness due to dust. Project traffic could also increase the risks of traffic accidents
for local community members.

In a situation where there are many migrant workers who enter a community, it will increase
health-related problems, especially those related to communicable disease. Both residents and
workers are at risk of infection by new diseases.

Labor disruption like this is not common in Indonesia. Particularly when labor migrants are
mostly Indonesian citizens who embrace the culture of the surrounding community.
However, if there are foreigners who become part of the workforce, the introduction of
cultural awareness programs and planned management can help assimilation and
understanding between communities. The contractor will provide training on infectious
diseases. Mitigation of potential labor impacts will be managed through the Construction
Management Plan and the Workers' Barracks/Basecamp.

Table 84. Impact Assessment on Community Lifestyle, Health and Culture

Impact              Impact on lifestyle, health and culture due to the entry of migrant workers
Nature of Impact    Negative           Positive         Neutral
                    Can have a negative impact if workers and labor camps are not properly managed and
                    cultural awareness programs are not introduced.
Impact Type         Direct             Secondary        Indirect          Cumulative       Residual
                    Does not have a direct impact on society.
Duration of Impact Temporary           Short-term       Long-term         Permanent
                    The duration will be long term if the influence of workers is very large.
Impact Range        Local              Regional         Global
                    The extent of the impact will be local and regional, not limited to the project area.
Magnitude           No changes         Light            Low               Moderate         High
                    The magnitude of the impact will be High if the workers are not well-managed.
Receptor            Low                Low-             Moderate          Medium-High High
Sensitivity                            Moderate
                    Receptor sensitivity is Low-moderate because the community already has a tradition and
                    lifestyle that is rooted in society.
Impact severity     Slight             Low              Moderate          High             Very high
                    The combination of High Magnitude and Low-Moderate receptor sensitivity categorizes
                    the impact severity as High.
Likelihood          Extremely          Unlikely         Low Likelihood Medium              High
                    unlikely                                           Likelihood          Likelihood/Inevitable
                    The possibility of the affected community is low.
Significance        Negligible         Minor            Moderate          Major            Critical
                    The combination of Low Likelihood and High Severity has a Moderate significance.




                                                                                                            256
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
10.4 Occupational Health                   and      Safety       (OHS)        Impacts   during
     Construction Stage
The construction phase of the UCPS as a large and complex dam construction project will
come with inherent hazards and high-risk work activities which must be managed through
the establishment and implementation of an Occupational Health and Safety Management
System with associated plans and procedures developed by the Contractors and approved by
PLN and supervising engineers. The OHS system will be implemented in accordance with the
provisions of the laws and regulations in Indonesia, which are in line with the International
Labor Organization (ILO) requirements.

The OHS measures will be designed and implemented based on approaches and standards
detailed in The World Bank Group EHS Guidelines Good Practice Note Environmental,
Health and Safety Approaches for Hydropower Projects and other Good International
Industry Practice for occupational health and safety. In accordance with ESS2 specifically, the
OHS measures will be designed and implemented to address the following:

    •   Identification of potential hazards to project workers, particularly those that may be
        life-threatening.
    •   Provision of preventive and protective measures, including modification, substitution,
        or elimination of hazardous conditions or substances.
    •   Training of project workers and maintenance of training records.
    •   Documentation and reporting of occupational accidents, diseases, and incidents.
    •   Emergency prevention, preparedness and response arrangements to emergency
        situations established under ESS4.
    •   Remedies for adverse impacts, such as occupational injuries, deaths, disability, and
        disease. Such remedies should consider, as applicable, the wage level and age of the
        project worker, the degree of adverse impact, and the number and age of dependents
        concerned.

10.4.1 Discussion of Impacts

OHS hazards and risks are anticipated to arise from the construction activities and
mobilization of construction workers under different Work Packages (WP). These activities
include construction of Upper and Lower Dams and Waterways, Power house, Switch Yard,
and Building Works (including operation of the Gunung Karang Quarry), 500 kV
Transmission Line, Hydraulic Metal Works, and provision of Pump Turbine, Generator-
Motor, and Auxiliary Equipment.

The most significant Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) hazards associated with
hydropower projects occur during the construction phase and include activities with an
extremely high risk for workers. The activities which carry an elevated risk of injury or fatality
if not managed adequately are listed below:

    •   Working near water such as rivers and reservoirs.
    •   Working at heights, particularly during dam wall construction and transmission line
        construction and stringing.
    •   Working in confined spaces, for example, during tunneling.
    •   Working underground.


                                                                                              257
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
    •   Working with heavy machinery, particularly on steep and unstable slopes, tunnelling,
        on public roads, and in quarry.
    •   Working with explosives.
    •   Working on slopes and unstable ground.
    •   Working with low voltage and high voltage electricity.
    •   Using vehicles on public and project roads.
    •   Extended or elevated exposure to dust, noise, the sun, heat and wet weather.
    •   Working at night / shift work / fatigue / heat stress.
    •   Working with hazardous materials such as fuels, cement, and fly ash. Exposure to
        illnesses, communicable diseases, COVID-19 and others.
    •   Exposure to mental or physical harassment, SEA/SH, and injury from interpersonal
        conflicts.
    •   Exposure to floods, earthquakes, landslides and other natural disasters.

A number of factors will influence the construction project’s success in managing these high
severity risks. Firstly, supervision by the project owner (PLN) and its Supervision Engineer.
Secondly, the experience and safety compliance and culture of the Contractor and its
management of sub-contractors, and thirdly the level of training and skillset of the workforce.
All parties who employ or engage project workers will develop and implement procedures to
establish and maintain a safe working environment, including that workplaces, machinery,
equipment, and processes under their control are safe and without risk to health, including
by use of appropriate measures relating to chemical, physical, and biological substances and
agents. Such parties will actively collaborate and consult with project workers in promoting
understanding, and methods for, implementation of OHS requirements, as well as in
providing information to project workers, training on occupational safety and health, and
provision of personal protective equipment without expense to the project workers.

Each Contractor for each package will be expected to conduct a hazard and risk identification
and create a risk register using the Hazard Identification, Risk Analysis, and Risk Control
(HIRARC) method. The Risk Register will identify controls such as elimination, substitution,
modification, and preventive and protective measures.

Project workers are likely to be exposed to the above identified risks over the estimated 5 years
of construction. Workers with low experience of working on large scale construction project
are expected to be more vulnerable as their skillsets, experience and understanding of health
and safety will probably be limited compared to the skilled workers who will have worked
on similar projects and have sufficient training.

Furthermore, the project site location has limited high quality healthcare facilities and is not
conducive for providing a good response to moderate to serious accidents. Community health
centers in the area are not adequate to deal with emergency first-aid response or more serious
accidents and the closest well-equipped hospitals are located in Bandung which is over 2
hours away by road.

The Hierarchy of Controls pyramid will form the foundation by which safety risks and
hazards are managed and controlled. The most effective measure is elimination/substitution,
followed by engineering controls, administrative and work practice controls and finally PPE
as the least effective at the bottom.

The controls are discussed below:


                                                                                             258
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
    1. Elimination/substitution. The best way to deal with a safety hazard is to eliminate it
       altogether by preventing exposure to the hazard before it even occurs. In substitution,
       one seeks to permanently reduce the risk by substituting a less hazardous material or
       reduction of system energy. These are process design solutions that require a
       permanent change to how a job is performed.
    2. Engineering controls. Change the structure of the work area to reduce exposure using
       safety devices or barriers. An example would be to place a high fence around a
       dangerous location to prevent access.
    3. Administrative and work practice controls. Implement procedures that require
       workers to do things to reduce their exposure to a risk. A lockout/tagout program is
       an example of an administrative control. Set expectations that workers will engage in
       safe work practices. Another example is the use of warning signs, sirens and alarms.
    4. Personal protective equipment (PPE). Make sure employees wear the proper
       protective clothing, gloves and eyeglasses for the job. Examples are safety goggles,
       respirators, fall protection and hearing protection.

10.4.2 Impact Evaluation and Significance

Worker health and safety across the Project must have a ‘zero harm’ goal and be managed
carefully to ensure minimal accidents and no fatalities occur. The main area of concern during
the construction relates to ensuring a high level of consistent compliance to health and safety
behavior for the workers including the main Contractors and the subcontractors. In particular,
local subcontractors and workers who are likely to have low familiarity of occupational health
and safety hazards.

As such, it is anticipated the impact magnitude is high given the scale of exposure and
duration of the project. The number and experience of workers (2000 or more) during the peak
construction period and the high number and turnover of workers on the site for the duration
of the project. Although many of the workers will be skilled, trained and experienced, there is
a likelihood that local workers will have little or no experience in construction work and
knowledge of safety. Workers (in particular those considered local) may be exposed to a
number of construction injuries and fatalities risks, if not aware of the consequences the
vulnerability is assessed as high for local workers resulting in an impact significance of high.
Other vulnerable workers may be women and young people, who are more likely to suffer
from workplace abuse, or be at risk from inappropriate sanitary or health facilities or from ill-
fitting PPE. During construction there are increased safety risks and with potential for injuries
and fatalities. All contractors are required to ensure that the Health, Safety, and
Environmental (HSE) risks are identified for their direct employees and sub-contractors to
safeguard the health and safety of the local workers who are likely to be less experienced in
this area.

Each Contractor will develop an Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Plan that will cover
all of the hazards and risks identified using the Hazard Identification, Risk Analysis, and Risk
Control (HIRARC) method. The resulting Risk Register will be regularly reviewed and
maintained.

The OHS Plan should be based on applicable Indonesian Laws and Regulations, Good Practice
Note Environmental, Health and Safety Approaches for Hydropower Projects, World Bank
Group EHS Guidelines as well ESS 2 and will cover the following:



                                                                                             259
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
    •   Clearly delineate the scope of their control and responsibilities for worker health and
        safety, in terms of location(s) on site and activities within their control. This will be
        critical when there are multiple Contractors on site for various Packages.
    •   The Contractor will prioritize worker health and safety standards, such as preparing
        SOPs for each type of construction activity, conducting regular health and safety
        training and briefings (in the local languages) before the implementation of the
        activities and compulsory use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Appropriate,
        high quality and well-fitting PPE will be provided to all workers.
    •   The Contractors and Supervision Engineers must have sufficient staff and resources to
        manage health and safety, including qualified and trained staff, staff with adequate
        managerial authority to control hazards and risks, suitable budgets, appropriate
        equipment, controls and PPE and access to all Project areas to assess and supervise
        healthy and safe work practices. Worker standards to be aligned with national
        requirements and ESS2 requirements for health and safety during pre-construction
        and construction, along with inductions, training refreshers and inspections. Each
        individual will be personally assessed for competency and only allowed to work in
        areas where they have the required competency. On the job training and tracking of
        competency will be a continuous part of supervision of staff.
    •   Workplace processes will be put in place for project workers to report work situations
        that they believe are not safe or healthy, and to remove themselves from a work
        situation which they have reasonable justification to believe presents an imminent and
        serious danger to their life or health. Project workers who remove themselves from
        such situations will not be required to return to work until necessary remedial action
        to correct the situation has been taken. Project workers will not be retaliated against or
        otherwise subject to reprisal or negative action for such reporting or removal.
    •   Project workers will be provided with facilities appropriate to the circumstances of
        their work, including accommodation, access to canteens, access to clean drinking
        water, hygiene facilities, and appropriate areas for rest. Where accommodation
        services are provided to project workers, policies will be put in place and implemented
        on the management and quality of accommodation to protect and promote the health,
        safety, and well-being of the project workers, and to provide access to or provision of
        services that accommodate their physical, social, and cultural needs.
    •   The Contractors will develop and widely communicate and enforce its “Golden Health
        and Safety Rules” and create a safety culture.
    •   Strict Occupational Health and Safety requirements will be embedded in the Bid
        Documents Contractor’s contract as per the World Bank Standard Procurement
        Documents, to ensure risk management, occupational injuries, worker rights, deaths,
        disability and diseases are managed as per the ESMP, ESS2 and GIIP.
    •   The Supervision Engineer and Contractor will undertake their own daily audits with
        H&S inspectors responsible for monitoring behaviors and correcting where required.
    •   Should non-compliance repeatedly occur a zero-tolerance approach will be adopted
        by PLN and enforced on the Contractor by the Supervision Engineer.
    •   A system for regular review of occupational safety and health performance and the
        working environment will be put in place and include identification of safety and
        health hazards and risks, implementation of effective methods for responding to
        identified hazards and risks, setting priorities for taking action, and evaluation of
        results.
    •   Detailed records of near misses and incidents must be kept and used for investigations
        and for continuous improvement purposes.

                                                                                              260
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
    •    Each Contractor will establish and implement a Worker Grievance Mechanism that
         will be accessible for all workers and sub-contractors to report issues (a confidential
         option should be provided). When complaints are submitted, the Contractor will
         undertake an immediate investigation. The Supervision Engineer will oversee the
         Grievance Mechanism and support the resolution where required.
    •    Emergency response and incident management procedures with prevention and early
         warning procedures, preparation, response and recovery from emergencies, including
         natural disasters, disease outbreaks, conflict or social unrest, pollution incidents and
         injury and fatality incident management.

Table 85. Impact Assessment High Risk Construction Activities

Impact              The impact on workers is illness, injury, or fatality from high-risk construction activities
                    (working at height, near water, in confined spaces, with explosives, near heavy machinery,
                    on slopes/unstable ground, exposure to sun/heat/wet weather, hazardous materials, with
                    electricity, and exposure to illnesses communicable diseases such as COVID-19)
Nature of Impact    Negative           Positive        Neutral
                    The potential impact on workers conducting high risk activities or activities in high-risk
                    environments is illness, injury or fatality.
Impact Type         Direct             Secondary       Indirect          Cumulative       Residual
                    Workers are directly exposed to hazards and will be directly impacted by illness, injury or
                    fatality. Their families will be indirectly impacted.
Exposure to risk    Temporary          Short-term      Long-term         Permanent
and duration of
Impact              The exposure to risk will be short term as the hazards will exist during the entire 4-5 year
                    construction phase. The impact (illness, injury, death) will be permanent.
Exposure to Risk    Local              Regional        Global
                    The exposure of risk will be limited to workers in the project work area. These workers
                    may be local or regional workers, or may be foreign workers.
Magnitude           No changes         Slight          Low               Moderate         High
                    Has the potential to impact tens to hundreds of workers.
Receptor            Low                Low-            Moderate          Medium-High High
Sensitivity                            Moderate
                    All workers are vulnerable to hazards, but local people with little experience or formal
                    training on construction sites and health and safety may be more vulnerable. Women and
                    youth working on the site may be more vulnerable to health risks, abuse and protection
                    from hazards.
Impact severity     Slight             Low             Moderate          High             Very high
                    The combination of High Magnitude and High Receptor Sensitivity the impact severity is
                    deemed Very High
Likelihood          Extremely          Unlikely        Low Likelihood Medium              High
                    unlikely                                          Likelihood          Likelihood/Inevitable
                    Large hydropower dam construction projects comprising large workforce many with low
                    skills have a high incidence of accidents and fatalities. The duration of the project is four
                    to five years, increasing the exposure risk to the workforce.
Significance        Negligible         Minor           Moderate          Major            Critical
                    The combination of Very High Severity and High Likelihood leads to critical significance
                    for the construction phase of the project. To manage the risk health and safety must be
                    prioritized by the PLN, Supervision Engineer and the Contractors and with proper
                    implementation, regular monitoring and improvement of the mitigation measures.




                                                                                                             261
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
CHAPTER 11. ENVIRONMENTAL AND                                           SOCIO-ECONOMIC
  IMPACTS – IMPOUNDMENT STAGE

11.1 Introduction
The inundation process is carried out to fill water in the upper and lower dam reservoirs.
Although the inundation phase is a small part of the overall project, there are potential
impacts on hydrology, habitat and river biodiversity, use of downstream streams, river access
and community connectivity. This is discussed in this section, as part of operational impacts.


11.2 Environmental Impact of the Inundation Phase
11.2.1 Changes in River Flow

The inundation phase is the period of time when the reservoirs are filled and commissioned.
Hydrology impacts during inundation are assessed separately from the operational phase
because the hydrological regimes are different. Inundation will occur during the wet season
(December to May), to minimize the risk that the rivers will be at low flow conditions. The
inundation process and water requirements are detailed in Section 4 and summarized here.

The dead storage area of the upper reservoir and the dead and active storage areas of the
lower reservoir will fill during the inundation phase. The total amount of water required is
as follows (Table 86).

Table 86. Storage volumes of upper and lower dams

 Reservoir                  Dead Storage volume       Active Storage volume      Total volume
                            (m3)                      (m3)                       required for filling
                                                                                 (m3)
 Upper, on Cirumamis                        530,000                          0                530,000
 Lower, on Cisokan                       51,500,000                 11,500,000             63,000,000
 Total                                   52,030,000                 11,500,000             63,530,000


Cirumamis Waterfalls:

Prior to inundation, the diversion infrastructure will be blocked and removed. The reservoir
will start to fill behind the dam. The bottom outlet will discharge all inflow. No variation in
flow will be experienced downstream of the upper dam in the Cirumamis River during this
phase.

Water will be pumped from the lower dam to the upper dam to fill the dead storage in the
reservoir during the inundation period and / or during commissioning. During the
commissioning stage, the active storage will be filled by pumping water from the lower
reservoir and released back to the lower reservoir through the power generation plant.

In emergencies during this phase, the bottom outlet of the upper dam can be adjusted to allow
a maximum discharge of 0.96 m3/s.

Cisokan River:


                                                                                                  262
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Prior to inundation, the diversion tunnel will be permanently closed. The lower reservoir will
start to fill with flow from the Cisokan River. The filling is proposed to take at least four
months (122 days) based on a maximum fill rate of 6.21m3/s and the calculations of average
river flow over the wet season (the water balance is provided in Section 4) (Table 87). On an
average monthly flow basis, the intake of water and the downstream releases are represented
in table 102a. This indicates what releases would occur during average flow. In reality, the
downstream flow will increase and decrease with the natural river flow.

Table 87. Representation of average downstream e-flow releases during inundation during the wet
season

                       Dec           Jan           Feb            Mar            Apr           May

 Average m3/s                20.76         15.82          24.05          25.45         27.20         18.10

 UCPS intake m3/s             6.21          6.21           6.21           6.21          6.21          6.21

 Downstream e-flow           14.55          9.61          14.24          19.24         20.99         11.89
 release




Using January average monthly flows as an example of the lowest average flow release
downstream, this flow is equivalent to the median annual flow (refer Table x). For average
and above river flow conditions during the wet season, there is little impact on downstream
flow. This is because the flow is within the normal wet season range and will increase and
decrease in the normal flow patterns.

If there are drier periods in the wet season then the rate of intake will reduce accordingly, to
allow for sufficient e-flow in the river for irrigation and ecological purposes. The minimum
permitted e-flow for UCPS lower dam under the Indonesian regulatory framework is 0.55
m3/s. However, since this is equivalent to 30% of the Q97 flow, it is unlikely to be naturally
experienced during the wet season. Due to the short inundation period, it is not necessary to
stress the river to this extent. A proposed discharge flow regime is provided in the table
below.

Table 88. Proposed regime for inflow and outflow during inundation

 Scenario                     High flow, average          Moderately         low    Q97 – Q 100
                              flow, moderately low        flow to Q97
                              flow
 Natural inflow m3/s                        >= 7.91                 7.91 >< 1.97                  <=1.70

 Intake for UCPS Scheme                            6.21                 6.21 >< 0                       0
 m3/s
                                                                  (Inflow - 1.70)

 Residual flow discharge                      >= 1.70                       1.70                     1.70
 downstream lower dam
 m3/s                                (Inflow – intake)




The only sensitive downstream receptor is the Cihea Irrigation Scheme. There is an
opportunity to adjust downstream flow during periods to ensure that there is enough water
                                                                                                       263
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
for the Cihea Irrigation Scheme to meet their requirements. There is an opportunity to adjust
downstream flow during periods to ensure that there is enough water to meet the
requirements of the Cihea Irrigation Scheme. This will take coordination with the Irrigation
Scheme operators, and a regime agreed upon between parties. The agreed regime will be
documented in the Reservoir Filling Plan and Operational Environmental Management Plan.
Filling will take more time if the flow of the river reduces to less than 7.91 m3/s and / or more
water is released for the irrigation scheme needs.

In case of emergencies during inundation, the operational emergency procedures will be
initiated. The bottom outlet allows for maximum discharge of 42.5 m3/s.

The impact assessment of the changes in flow of the Cisokan River and Cirumamis River at
the inundation stage of the UCPS dam is shown Table 89.

Table 89. Impact Assessment of Cisokan and Cirumamis River Flow During the Inundation Stage

Impact              Changes to the natural flow regime in the Cisokan River.
Impact Nature       Negative          Negative         Negative         Negative
                    There will be an impact of UCPS operation by reducing the flow in the Cisokan River by
                    <6.21 m3/s to fill the two reservoirs.
                    The flow downstream in the Cirumamis River will be maintained at the rate of inflow at all
                    times. There will be no change to the volume and rate of flow in the waterfalls in the
                    Cirumamis River.
Impact Type         Direct            Secondary        Indirect         Cumulative       Residual
                    Changes in flow patterns in the downstream of Cisokan River are a direct impact of the
                    UCPS activities.
Impact Duration     Temporary         Short-term       Long-term        Permanent
                    Changes in the flow regime in the Cisokan and Cirumamis Rivers will take place during
                    four consecutive months over one year, during the wet season.
Impact Extent       Local             Regional         Global
                    Changes in the flow regime in the Cisokan Rivers may impact the total water available to
                    the Cihea Irrigation Scheme, which is about 3 km below the lower dam.
Impact Magnitude    No change         Slight           Low              Medium           High
                    The main component of the impact is how the discharge in the Cisokan and Cirumamis
                    rivers should be maintained for the Cihea scheme. The water balance shows that during
                    average flow and above there will be no impact on water availability, however there may
                    be impact during dry periods which would reduce the amount of water available for
                    irrigation.
Receptor            Low               Low-Medium Medium                 Medium-High High
Sensitivity
                    The Cihea Irrigation Scheme users are sensitive since there are a large number of
                    households who rely on the water for income and livelihoods and would be anxious about
                    any reduction in water availability. Rice growing is a significant contribution to the local
                    economy.
                    The aquatic ecosystem is not sensitive to the small to medium changes in flow during the
                    wet season. The species are highly adaptable to diurnal and seasonal changes in flow.
Impact Severity     Slight            Low              Medium           High             Very High
                    Impact magnitude low and receptor sensitivity medium shows the impact severity as a
                    medium.
Likelihood          Extremely         Unlikely         Low Likelihood Medium             High
                    unlikely                                          Likelihood         Likelihood/Inevitable




                                                                                                            264
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
                    Change of flow will occur due to the need to fill the reservoirs, however the severity of the
                    changes will depend on the river flow during the wet season. Average to high flows
                    throughout the season will lead to low likelihood of impact. A ‘dry’ wet season will lead
                    to an increased likelihood of impact.
Significance        Negligible         Minor           Moderate          Major            Critical
                    Impact severity medium, with medium likelihood, give a minor-moderate significance
                    result


11.2.2 Changes in River Habitat and Biodiversity

The inundation of the riverbed will have direct impacts on river habitat and biodiversity and
is discussed in detail of the operational phase below. The impacts of damming the river flow
and taking up to 6.21m3/s for up to four months in the wet season will have secondary
impacts on habitat and biodiversity:

• Reducing the availability of water habitats for biodiversity.

The water availability in Cirumamis River will be maintained, thereby maintaining the habitat
in waterfalls, and steep and swiftly flowing river regions. The water availability downstream
of the lower dam in the Cisokan River will reduce during inundation. The UCPS will take up
to 6.21 m3/s of water discharge for filling the reservoir and will release the rest. The reduction
in wetted area, and depth of the Cisokan River, will have a minor impact on available river
and riparian habitat, but area will remain within the normal range that the river experiences.
No species have been identified that are sensitive to reduced flow or wetted area. There are
no migratory species sensitive to changes in seasonal flow and all identified species are
adaptable to changing river flow, velocity, wetted area etc.

• Creating an environment that supports the growth of algae in river bodies.

Flow reduction leads to reduced water depth and velocity, potentially creating the
environment that supports the growth of algae and invasive species in the river bodies. The
passing of all inflow except for up to 6.21 m3/s for a short duration over the wet season will
limit the likelihood of this occurring in the river downstream. The impact risk is further
minimized by the natural increase and decrease of flow that will be discharged below the dam
in response to rainfall.

• Reduces the river's ability to transport sediment and impairs algae growth on river banks.

Reducing the river flow regime can reduce the energy in the river to transport sediment. This
can lead to deposition of fine sediments and reduce the energy required to scour off algae and
plant growth. This impact is neutralized by the dam structure which will reduce the sediment
load in the discharge, and thereby create more energy in the water to transport sediments.
The impact on sediment transport, deposition and erosion is discussed in the operational
phase section.

• Changing the natural triggers of the rainy season for fish to start migrating or laying eggs.
This can reduce fish breeding.

Based on baseline river habitat data, the types of fish found in the rivers include Hampala,
Benteur, Tilapia, Bogo, Lele and others which have the characteristics of being able to live in
various habitats with the ability to adapt to various types of river flow, so that disturbance to


                                                                                                             265
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
fish life is not significant. There are no sensitive fish species which will be affected by flow
changes in the wet season.

The impact assessment of habitat change and biodiversity in the Cisokan and Cirumamis
rivers during the inundation stage is shown Table 90.

Table 90. Impact Assessment of Habitat Change and Biodiversity in the Cisokan and Cirumamis
Rivers during the Inundation Phase

Impact              Changes in river habitat and biodiversity due to damming of river flow and filling of
                    reservoirs.
Impact Nature       Negative           Positive        Neutral
                    The impact of the inundation process is a negative impact because it may change the water
                    habitat in the Cisokan River for biodiversity by reducing the wetted area, water depth and
                    velocity as well as flow. It may reduce the ability to dilute or process pollutant
                    concentrations in downstream areas. The Cirumamis River flow will not be modified.
Impact Type         Direct             Secondary       Indirect          Cumulative        Residual
                    The impacts that occur during inundation on river habitat and changes to flow patterns are
                    direct impacts.
Impact Duration     Temporary          Short-term      Long-term         Permanent
                    The duration of the initial impact will last during the inundation process, but impacts are
                    permanent.
Impact Extent       Local              Regional        Global
                    Within the Cisokan River for 2-3 kilometres downstream to the next significant river
                    confluence. Impacts will dissipate over this stretch as the river receives more inflow.
Impact Magnitude    No change          Slight          Low               Medium            High
                    The impact magnitude is classified as low because changes occur in the downstream areas
                    in the Cisokan River and will be small in scale due to the small intake and short duration,
                    compared to the natural flow during the wet season.
Receptor            Low                Low-Medium Medium                 Medium-High High
Sensitivity
                    Receptor sensitivity is classified as medium because most of the flora and fauna in the
                    Cisokan river area have high adaptability to flow changes, although some terrestrial
                    species habitats will be lost. No migratory species have so far been identified that could be
                    sensitive to changes in seasonal flow.
Impact Severity     Slight             Low             Medium            High              Very High
                    Low impact magnitude and medium receptor sensitivity show medium impact severity.
Likelihood          Extremely          Unlikely        Low Likelihood Medium               High Likelihood /
                    unlikely                                          Likelihood           Inevitable
                    This impact is highly likely to occur during the inundation process.
Significance        Negligible         Minor           Moderate          Major             Critical
                    The medium impact severity of high likelihood leads to Moderate Significance



The impact assessment results showed a Moderate value. This is mostly due to the medium
sensitivity of the river and forest habitats. Longer term impacts on river habitat and
biodiversity are discussed in the operational.

11.2.3 Erosion and sedimentation in Upper and Lower dams

The inundation process is the addition of weir water that has been formed from water sources
that flow from the DTA. The inundation process causes an increase in the weir water level,

                                                                                                             266
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
which can cause a decrease in the binding power between soil particles, thereby increasing
the likelihood of the soil to be washed away when a change in surface water level occurs. The
results of the identification and measurement of rocks and the geology of the weir slopes show
that there are rocks from weathering on the main rock which is quite compact. The difference
in rock density causes rockslide lines to appear, which can lead to erosion-sedimentation and
soil movement. Inundation causes an increase in water content, this will reduce the cohesion
of soil particles as a result. The soil has the risk of being transported by water flow when it
recedes. The relationship between water content and soil cohesion is presented in Figure 110.




Figure 110. Increased Draw-Down Erosion Rate

Based on these conditions, the assessment of the impact of draw-down erosion on the upper
and lower dams at the inundation stage is shown in Table 91.

Table 91. Assessment of the Draw-Down Erosion-Sedimentation Impact of the Upper and Lower
Dams during the Inundation Phase

Impact              The potential for erosion on the upper and lower dam reservoir slopes due to inundation
                    activities due to decreased soil cohesion.
Impact Nature       Negative           Positive        Neutral
                    Soil cohesion decreases with increasing water content, so flooding will increase erosion
                    even though it is small because the process is an increase in water content with a relatively
                    slow water flow
Impact Type         Direct             Secondary       Indirect          Cumulative       Residual
                    The impact that occurs during inundation is the subsidence of the land surface in the
                    receding area due to the dynamics of water.
Impact Duration     Temporary          Short-term      Long-term         Permanent
                    Imposing activity requires time, which slowly decreases the cohesion power between the
                    soil surface grains which can cause erosion.
Impact Extent       Local              Regional        Global
                    Erosion occurs only at low tide and its impact causes increased sedimentation in the weir
                    body


                                                                                                             267
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Impact Magnitude    No change         Slight          Low              Medium          High
                    The magnitude of the impact that occurs on unstable soil surfaces in the upper and lower
                    dam inundation areas is of medium level.
Receptor            Low               Low-Medium Medium                Medium-High High
Sensitivity
                    Receptor sensitivity is of low value because the impact does not have a major impact on
                    humans. Effect of the impact on the amount of sedimentation is likely limited to the dam
                    body.
Impact Severity     Slight            Low             Medium           High            Very High
                    Medium impact magnitude and low receptor sensitivity indicate low impact severity.
Likelihood          Extremely         Unlikely        Low Likelihood Medium            High Likelihood /
                    unlikely                                         Likelihood        Inevitable
                    The possibility of draw down erosion during inundation is inevitable.
Significance        Negligible        Minor           Moderate         Major           Critical
                    The low impact severity and high likelihood leads to Minor Significance.



The impact of draw-down sedimentation erosion is negligible-minor, indicating that there is
an impact but it is not significant.

11.2.4 Reduced Vegetation and Loss of Habitat

The inundation area is 121.06 ha in the upper dam and 245.52 ha in the part of the lower dam
that is still forested, which will add to the pressure on the remaining forest patches. This will
result in the loss of forest areas in the wider landscape. Inundation can also indirectly impact
biodiversity if it affects fruit-producing crops that provide food for a wide variety of animals.
A further impact is forest fragmentation, which results in inhibition of the movement of
wildlife as well as increasing edge effects and causing micro-climate change in the remaining
forests.

Currently, habitat loss and fragmentation mitigation are carried out through revegetation
activities. Before revegetating, PT. PLN (Persero) conducted a survey and delineated working
zone 1 (BIA), 2 (corridor), and 3 (buffer zone) at the pre-construction stage. The results of these
activities were then overlaid with the results of a ground check, carried out together with
Perum Perhutani, to find out the forest plot numbers included in the working zone and put
into the Forest Conservation Management Plan (RPKH), Perum Perhutani's annual program,
and last integrated in the Operation Plan with PT. PLN (Persero) and Perum Perhutani. The
results of delineation and overlay show that the area of all working zones within the
revegetation area is 1,984.92 ha, where working zone 1 is 343.28 ha, working zone 2 is 248.58
ha, and working zone 3 is 1,393.06 ha.

In addition, PT. PLN (Persero) has also carried out revegetation with perennial plants on the
access road from km 13 to km 22, especially along roads that are prone to landslides.
Additionally, from km 22 to km 25 shrubs and trees which are native to the area were planted.
This planting is done not only to improve habitat function, but also to maintain the stability
of sloping land so that landslides do not occur. Plant types are adjusted to the plant
recommendations in the BMP document.

Planting activities (revegetation) have also been carried out in other areas, including those
near residential areas. Planting has been carried out three times from 2016 to 2019, which was
the implementation of the PKS between PT. PLN (Persero) and Perum Perhutani. It should

                                                                                                         268
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
also be noted that the planting was followed by embroidery, in 2016 (1-time embroidery in
2017) and 2017 (1-time embroidery in 2018). The types planted are quite varied with the
following details:

1. Planting in 2016 and 2017 consists of 3 categories of plants, namely:

    a. Staple Plant (pine)
    b. Filling Plant (rubber)
    c. Edge plants (suren and maesopsis)

2. Planting in 2019 the types of plants have changed slightly, namely:

    a. Staple Plant (pine)
    b. Periphery crops (suren and fruits, fruit types based on PRA results with the
       community around the project site)

From 2016 to 2018, planting was carried out on an area of 281.62 ha, with 635,708 staple plants,
145,875 fillers, and 132,610 perennials. The rest will be carried out in 2019. From a financial
perspective, planting or revegetation during that time period costs a total of Rp 7,063,324,671.
PT. PLN (Persero) has created and manages its own nursery in an office area in Cisokan (UPP
Cisokan). PT. PLN (Persero) has collaborated with the community in making nurseries in
several places as a form of CSR from PT. PLN (Persero) towards the community around
Cisokan. However, the plants maintained there are only for small-scale revegetation activities,
such as office areas and landslide prone points in the project area, but do not supply the
revegetation contract between PT. PLN (Persero) and Perum Perhutani.

Revegetation and reforestation activities have increased the area of vegetation cover in
working zones 1, 2, and 3. However, these activities cannot be evaluated for their effectiveness
in improving the quality of wildlife habitat because vegetation cover has not improved the
connectivity of wildlife habitat. Species have been selected that take into account the benefits
to the local community and can increase the value obtained by the community from efforts to
increase vegetation cover. However, the effectiveness of this benefit principle cannot be
evaluated considering the plants have not yet produced yields.

A visual analysis of land cover changes from the 2016 and 2019 land cover maps shows the
dynamics of changes occurring in the landscape area of the Cisokan Hydroelectric Plan. In
2016, open land was dominant in the northern and eastern regions of the Cisokan River, as a
result of the construction of the access road. In 2019, after the construction of the access road
was completed, the population began to use the area as a huma or talun. In calculating the total
area of each land cover type in 2016 and 2019, some changes were observed over the three-
year period (Table 92). In general, mixed gardens and agroforestry (talun) and dry field (huma)
are the two dominant land covers in the UCPS hydropower area. The land cover composition
of both covered about 83% in both 2016 and 2019. In the 2016-2019 period, the number of
mixed plantations lost was 606 ha, with an increase of 424 ha. Thus, the total change in mixed
garden at the landscape scale is -182 ha, or 0.05%. The next land cover that underwent the
most changes was dry fields (huma), with a loss of 335 ha, a gain of 430 ha, and a total net
change of 95 ha.

The areas that are in the Working Zones have relatively more balanced patterns of change.
The value of the G / L ratio for open land, dry fields and mixed gardens/agroforestry is close
to 1, indicating the dynamics of land cover from a balanced use pattern. For areas outside the
Working Zones, the G / L ratio for mixed gardens is below 0.5 and the G / L ratio for open
                                                                                             269
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
land and dry fields is above 1.5. This indicates the rapid rate of change of mixed gardens
(talun) into dry fields (huma).

Table 92. Landcover Gain/Loss Ratios and Net Change from 2016 to 2019

                                               In                                       Out                  Net
                              L        G            G/L             Net    L            G           G/L
 Open Land                   109      114           1.05             5     60          90           1.50      30
 Dry Field                   248      263           1.06             15    87          167          1.92      79
 Mixed                       345      300           0.87            -45   261          125          0.48     -136
 Garden/agroforestry
Description: L = losses, G = gain, Net = net change

Regarding the perspective of preserving biodiversity in the UCPS Area, the planned offsetting
strategy should be able to maintain the diversity of flora and fauna. However, the results of
the impact analysis of inundation and changes in land use patterns indicate the possibility of
higher pressure for the animals in BIA 8 (Leuweung Gowek) and BIA 12. Areas in the middle
and northeast range, BIA 1,2,3, 5,6,7, 9 and 10, will face pressure from increasing agricultural
activities, by utilizing open land. The relative BIAs based on this analysis are BIA 13, 14 and
15. It is, therefore, still necessary to carry out conservation efforts in certain areas, especially
if the inundation phase starts based on an analysis of patterns of possible land cover change,
and its integration with information on biodiversity and social activities.

Table 93. Impact Assessment of Reduced Vegetation and Loss of Habitat

Impact         Reduced vegetation and loss of habitat
Impact         Negative             Positive               Neutral
Nature
               Decrease in function and fragmentation of animal habitats, loss of food sources for wildlife, which
               become obstacles to movement of wildlife and undermine metapopulation viability and
               ultimately species survival
Impact Type Direct                  Secondary              Indirect       Cumulative             Residual
               Inundation will cover an area of 105 ha on the upper and 357 ha in the lower. Parts of important
               biodiversity areas will be flooded reducing available forest habitat to Critical Habitat trigger
               species.
Impact         Temporary            Short-term             Long-term      Permanent
Duration
               Inundation is permanent
Impact         Local                Regional               Global
Extent
               The impact occurs on the inundation area
Impact         No change            Slight                 Low            Medium                 High
Magnitude
               The magnitude of the impact identified from the inundated area, namely 105 ha in the upper dam
               and 357 ha in the lower dam areas is medium.
Receptor       Low                  Low-Medium             Medium         Medium-High            High
Sensitivity
               The vegetation type in the inundation area is mostly production forest dominated by cultivated
               vegetation, only a small portion of natural vegetation remains but some of these areas still harbour
               Threatened species such as Javan Gibbon and Slow Loris that use these habitats for feeding or for
               dispersing between forest patches.
Impact         Slight               Low                    Medium         High                   Very High
Severity
               Medium impact magnitude and Medium-High receptor sensitivity show High impact severity.
Likelihood     Extremely            Unlikely               Low Likelihood Medium                 High Likelihood /
               unlikely                                                   Likelihood             Inevitable
               Inundation is part of the project activity, so its impact is difficult to avoid


                                                                                                               270
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Significance   Negligible         Minor            Moderate         Major                  Critical
               The high impact severity with high likelihood leads to Major Significance



11.2.5 Habitat Fragmentation and Barriers

Inundation activities in an area of 121.6 ha on the upper dam and 245.52 ha in the lower dam
can cause fragmentation which, in turn, results in habitat gaps. Habitat gaps will cause
disturbance to the movement of various animals and their home ranges. The narrowing of the
home range will interfere with the survival of various wildlife. As a result of the inundation
of habitats on the edge of the weir, forest vegetation communities, shrubs and talun will
change to form a buffer zone area. Inundation will also cause a part of the habitat to be cut off
(habitat gap), causing the prey to move to other places including cultivated areas. The large
amount of open land makes predatory wildlife easier to see and eventually hunt down.

In order to control fragmentation and loss of habitat, PT. PLN (Persero), in collaboration with
Perum Perhutani, has made various efforts such as revegetating non-forest areas and
reforestation. This activity involves the local community. Revegetation, with high growth
success through the embroidery process, has increased vegetation cover and has the potential
to reduce habitat loss due to forest encroachment and tree felling. However, the effectiveness
of this revegetation activity has not been thoroughly evaluated since the activity has only been
in practice for less than five years, and is yet to show significant improvements to habitat
quality, for example in terms of increasing habitat connectivity.

PT. PLN (Persero) has also created artificial corridors in several BIAs to meet the needs of
animal crossing habitats fragmented by the construction of access roads, both in the form of
canopy bridges at BIA 4, 5, and 6, and animal culverts at BIA 1 and 6. The rope bridge
specifications are in line with the guidelines from Appendices in the BMP. Meanwhile, the
animal culvert is primarily intended as a water channel but can double as an animal crossing.
Additional rope bridges across the narrowest parts of the dam or rivers will be considered for
increasing the connectivity between forest areas separated by water.

The initial stage of reforestation activities has been carried out well in the form of procurement
of seeds, determining the location of reforestation, and planting seeds. However, not all plant
species recommended in the BMP action plan are planted by Perum Perhutani. This can reduce
the effectiveness of reforestation in improving the quality of animal habitat as well as
providing benefits to local communities.



Table 94. Habitat Fragmentation and Barrier Impact Assessment

Impact          Habitat fragmentation / habitat barrier during the inundation stage. Crossable rivers will
                become uncrossable dam areas adding to fragmentation impacts for terrestrial species.
Impact Nature Negative             Positive        Neutral
                Habitat fragmentation can hamper animal dispersal and reduce the area through which
                individual animals can range
Impact Type     Direct             Secondary       Indirect         Cumulative             Residual
                Inundation causes the habitat to become fragmented, forming a gap / barrier habitat
Impact          Temporary          Short-term      Long-term        Permanent
Duration
                Gap / barrier in habitat caused by permanent inundation

                                                                                                      271
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Impact Extent    Local              Regional        Global
                 Habitat is fragmented around the inundation area
Impact           No change          Slight          Low                Medium              High
Magnitude
                 Land fragmentation due to inundation, causing a gap / barrier will disrupt the movement and
                 home range of wildlife
Receptor         Low                Low-Medium Medium                  Medium-High         High
Sensitivity
                 Habitat fragmentation causes a reduction in home range which will disrupt the survival of
                 various wildlife in the inundation area
Impact           Slight             Low             Medium             High                Very High
Severity
                 The impact magnitude medium and medium-high receptor sensitivity show high impact
                 severity.
Likelihood       Extremely          Unlikely        Low Likelihood Medium                  High Likelihood     /
                 unlikely                                          Likelihood              Inevitable
                 Land clearing and inundation are part of the project activity, so the impact cannot be avoided.
Significance     Negligible         Minor           Moderate           Major               Critical
                 The impact severity of high, with high likelihood, leads to Major Significance.



11.2.6 Population Decline and Threats to Protected Wildlife

The decline of wildlife populations due to inundation can be caused by damage and shrinkage
of vegetation, narrowing of the home range and the presence of habitat gaps, thereby
increasing the encounters between humans and wildlife. Damage and loss of vegetation due
to inundation can cause potential places such as shelters, feeding ground, and reproduction
sites to also disappear.

Regarding the 2009-2020 animal distribution map in the BMP report, it can be identified that
the inundation process only affects the habitat of a few priority animals. It can be seen from
the map that the inundation area will cover the habitat for the Javanese porcupines ( Hystrix
javanica) in grids B5 and C5. This condition allows the Javan porcupines to move to its nearest
habitat, in grid C4, which has previously been identified as the habitat of the Javan
porcupines. Inundation areas on Grid C4, E3, G2, and J3 were identified as covering habitat
for slow lorises (Nycticebus javanicus), however, slow lorises have a home range of 5.58 to 5.44
ha so they can move to other areas that are their closest habitat. We can see that the habitat for
the nearest slow loris is also found in areas BIA 14, BIA 13, near BIA 5 and BIA 2 so that if
there is disturbance of inundation, slow loris can move to the nearest habitat, namely from
grid C4 to D4, E3 to D3, G2 to BIA 5, and J2 to BIA 2. Meanwhile, inundation on grids E2, F2,
and G2 around BIA 8, BIA 12, BIA 6 and BIA 7 were identified to cover the area where the
Javan leopard was found (Panthera pardus). Leopards live in a home range or territory of about
5-15 km2, this allows Panthera pardus to roam to find its territory so that inundation is
identified as a low-medium impact to receptor sensitivity.

Table 95. Impact Assessment of Population Decline and Threats to Protected Wildlife

Impact          Population Decline and Threats to Protected Wildlife
Impact          Negative           Positive         Neutral
Nature
                The decline in population as well as threats to protected animals, has the risk of causing an
                imbalance in the ecosystem and increasing human encounters with wildlife
Impact Type Direct                 Secondary        Indirect           Cumulative          Residual


                                                                                                             272
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
               Damage / shrinkage of vegetation, narrowing of the home range, habitat fragmentation
Impact         Temporary            Short-term       Long-term           Permanent
Duration
               The impact on wildlife populations caused by the loss of vegetation will be long-term. Inundation
               activities will reduce the terrestrial habitat, while the area around it is a cultivated area that lacks
               potential as wildlife habitat. Without mitigation, populations of various species of animals in the
               area will shrink and there is a potential for local extinctions.
Impact         Local                Regional         Global
Extent
               Impact occurs around the inundation area
Impact         No change            Slight           Low                 Medium                High
Magnitude
               This decline in population and threats to wildlife will have a medium impact, because wildlife
               will has some ability to move to nearby areas that have similar habitats.
Receptor       Low                  Low-Medium       Medium              Medium-High           High
Sensitivity
               Inundation activities will reduce the terrestrial habitat, especially of forest-dependent species,
               while the area around it is a cultivated area that lacks potential as a habitat.
Impact         Slight               Low              Medium              High                  Very High
Severity
               Medium impact magnitude and medium-high receptor sensitivity indicates high impact severity.
Likelihood     Extremely            Unlikely         Low Likelihood Medium                     High Likelihood /
               unlikely                                             Likelihood                 Inevitable
               The impacts cannot be avoided, although they can be mitigated and offset by effective
               reforestation.
Significance   Negligible           Minor            Moderate            Major                 Critical
               The High impact severity with High likelihood leads to Major Significance.



11.2.7 Disturbance to the Movement of Birds on the Transmission Line

At the inundation stage, the transmission line already has the potential to disrupt bird
migration. Section 10.2.9.6 describes the specific collision and electrocution risks for migratory
and resident species, especially larger bird species.

Table 96. Interference Impact Assessment on the movement of birds on the Transmission Line

Impact         Disruption of bird movement
Impact         Negative             Positive          Neutral
Nature
               Electrocution, collision and forest habitat loss and fragmentation
Impact Type    Direct               Secondary         Indirect           Cumulative            Residual
               The transmission lines are a risk to larger bird species, and certain mammals and reptiles. Land
               clearing for transmission line development will fragment forests.
Impact         Temporary            Short-term        Long-term          Permanent
Duration
               Electrocution and collision provide permanent risks during bird migration, especially from
               September to January, and year-round for other large resident species
Impact Extent Local                 Regional          Global
               Around the area of the transmission line
Impact         No change            Slight            Low                Medium                High
Magnitude
               Some larger bird species sensitive to electrocution and collision are already in decline and further
               mortality adds pressure on them
Receptor       Low                  Low-Medium        Medium             Medium-High           High
Sensitivity
               For some species this is significant cause of mortality


                                                                                                                   273
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Impact         Slight             Low              Medium            High                 Very High
Severity
               Low impact magnitude and low receptor sensitivity indicate low impact severity.
Likelihood     Extremely          Unlikely         Low Likelihood Medium                  High Likelihood      /
               unlikely                                           Likelihood              Inevitable
               Electrocution and collision impacts have not been studied in Indonesia but are a considerable risk
               to large birds and other species elsewhere in the world. Follow up studies in Indonesia are needed
               to better understand likelihood and severity of impacts.
Significance   Negligible         Minor            Moderate          Major                Critical
               The impact severity of high with medium likelihood leads to Major Significance



11.3 Social Impact of the Inundation Stage
11.3.1 Downstream Users of the Cisokan River

There are many river users who depend on the Cisokan River for personal hygiene, washing,
recreational fishing, and agricultural irrigation. The people along the Cihea irrigation route
use this water as the main water source for agriculture.

The communities in Salamnunggal, Cikondang, and Panyusuhan mainly use the river as a
source of water for personal hygiene, washing, and recreational fishing. Water from the
Cisokan river is rarely used as a drinking water, they prefer to use well water. These users
may not need a large volume of water, but their access to water will be affected, even more so
if the water supply in the river dries up. The location of Salamnunggal village, Cikondang
village, and Panyusuhan village are higher than the river so the people cannot use it as
irrigation water.

The communities who use the river as a water source for agriculture are the people along the
Cihea irrigation route. The Cisokan River will receive water input from the Cikondang River
after Salamnunggal village, Cikondang village, and Panyusuhan village. The most
considerable use of the downstream area of Cisokan River at the downstream dam is as a
source of irrigation water for the Cihea irrigation area. The water flow of the Cisokan river
will be in the Cisokan weir which flows into the Cihea irrigation channel. The Cisokan Dam
(Cisokan Weir) is approximately 3 km downstream from the UCPS lower dam. The irrigated
area of Cihea is 5,484 ha.

Dam filling activities can affect the availability of water downstream. Potential impacts on
river use downstream of the Cisokan River include:

    •   Limited water availability due to reduced river discharge.
    •   Reduced risk of flooding over river banks.
    •   Riverbed users and adjacent landowners can no longer predict river discharge or
        flooding based on rainfall, as they could before. High rainfall does not always coincide
        with rising river levels.
    •   Reduced water quality and dilution effect

The availability of water for the Cihea Irrigation System should not be affected during the
inundation process. The river discharge will be reduced by up to 6.21m3/s. Section 6.7.3
demonstrates the monthly average water flow during the wet season and it is anticipated that
during average conditions there will be enough discharge downstream to provide for the


                                                                                                             274
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Cihea Irrigation Scheme. Section 6.8 explains the low flow conditions and impacts on the
Cihea Irrigation Scheme.

There are many river users who depend on the Cisokan River for irrigation supplies from the
Cihea Irrigation System, but only a few use the river for fishing. Fishing will not be disrupted
during the inundation phase as the flow will remain within the existing flow expected during
the wet season and will not affect fish abundance. Fishing is not usually done during high
flow and this further reduces the potential for impact. All warning signs/sirens for floods or
emergencies will operate prior to inundation and will be used during inundation if necessary.

Prior to inundation, PLN will communicate and inform all river water users in the
downstream area, including farmers and the Cihea Irrigation System, about changes in river
flow due to inundation. Reservoir filling occurs during the wet season (December to May).
Using the monthly mean river flow during the wet season (21.9m3/s), reservoir filling will be
carried out over a period of approximately 122 days, or three months (Table 14). The actual
schedule for filling will depend on river flow conditions during the rainy season and residual
flow from the lower reservoir (which will fluctuate during the filling period). Consultation
will provide an opportunity for the community to raise problems and to give PLN and the
community the opportunity to work together to find suitable solutions before the filling
process begins. This process will be documented in the Social and Community Sub-Plan in
the Operational Environmental Management Plan.

The impact assessment of downstream users at the inundation stage is shown in Table 97 .

Table 97. Downstream User Impact Assessment during the Inundation Stage

Impact        The potential for hampering the quality of life and activities of downstream communities that use
              river resources.
Impact        Negative             Positive          Neutral
Nature
              Reservoir filling requires taking up to 6.21m3/s of water from the Cisokan River during the wet
              season during which time the average monthly mean flow is 21.9m3/s.
Impact Type Direct                 Secondary         Indirect           Cumulative             Residual
              Weir operation requires stable Cisokan discharge, in the dry season the Cisokan discharge will
              decrease and that will affect the flow rate downstream of the weir.
Impact        Temporary            Short-term        Long-term          Permanent
Duration
              The actual schedule for filling/inundation will depend on river flow conditions during the wet
              season (possibly higher than the annual mean river flow most of the time) and residual flow from
              the lower reservoir (likely to fluctuate during the filling period). Approximately 122 days or four
              months will be needed.
Impact        Local                Regional          Global
Extent
              The flow rate may be reduced and affect the downstream community. The downstream areas that
              could potentially be affected by the project area are Salamnunggal Village, Cikondang Village and
              Panyusuhan Village and the Cihea Irrigation Scheme, 3km downstream.
Impact        No change            Slight            Low                Medium                 High
Magnitude
              The magnitude of the impact on reducing the discharge flowing to this part of the region is the
              Cihea irrigation area with an area of 5,484 ha. The filling process carried out in the wet season will
              have a low effect on the water demand in the irrigation area, because the UPCS is only taking up
              to 6.21m3/s compared to an average monthly mean flow of 21.9m 3/s. At low flow periods during
              the wet season, filling the UCPS will reduce the water take and will discharge at least 1.7m 3/s
              downstream at all times. Low flow periods during the wet season are unlikely. Furthermore,
              UCPS and Cihea Irrigation Scheme can negotiate for more water to be discharged downstream if
              necessary during the inundation period.


                                                                                                               275
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Receptor       Low                 Low-Medium        Medium             Medium-High           High
Sensitivity
               The irrigation scheme users are sensitive to water availability because of the reliance on water for
               livelihoods.
Impact         Slight              Low               Medium             High                  Very High
Severity
               Low impact magnitude and medium-high receptor sensitivity show high impact severity.
Likelihood     Extremely unlikely Unlikely           Low Likelihood     Medium Likelihood High Likelihood /
                                                                                          Inevitable
               The impact of inundation on river users in the downstream part of Cisokan has the potential to
               occur, especially when viewed from the reduced discharge that will flow. However, this impact
               has a low likelihood because the inundation process is carried out during the wet season and UCPS
               lower dam discharge should be higher than the irrigation needs during average conditions.
Significance   Negligible          Minor             Moderate           Major                 Critical
               The high impact severity with low likelihood leads to Moderate Significance.



Based on the impact assessment, it is known that the effect of the inundation process on
downstream river users leads to a minor significance impact. Therefore, the impacts that are
observed remain insignificant.

Mitigation: The inundation process is carried out in accordance with the established SOP
which includes the e-flow regime detailed above.

11.3.2 Community Connectivity (Bridge Access)

Community connectivity will affect families who will not be resettled, there may be periods
of unrest and disturbance during resettlement where service facilities and religious buildings
are lost or moved, and employment and business opportunities change. Furthermore, during
land clearing and reservoir preparation, the productive environment of the forest or river, or
access to a walking or motorbike path, including river crossing, may change or be
permanently displaced. The new bridge will connect parts of the village and will be
constructed and operational prior to inundation, to prevent the isolation of communities from
markets, schools and communities in the West.

The project locations include KBB and Cianjur; the two districts are separated by the Cisokan
river. Currently, people's access to move from KBB to Cianjur, or vice versa, is possible due to
the low volume of water. At the location of Margaluyu village in Cianjur Regency there is a
bamboo bridge as a connection with the Jolok Block in West Bandung Regency, which is also
a resettlement area for the UCPS project.

The connectivity bridge from Blok Jolok to Margaluyu Village is made of bamboo and can
only be accessed by foot and motorbike. The trip to the bridge location is also through a path
and is quite steep. Even so, the bridge is very useful for community connectivity, which
mainly uses the bridge to carry crops / livestock, and access land and fishing grounds.

The impoundment phase of the Cisokan dam can cause the bridge to be submerged so that
people wishing to cross need to access farther roads. The loss of the bridge can affect the
connectivity of the community, especially the people of Margaluyu and Blok Jolok villages.

The village government has tried its best to propose the construction of a bridge in Margaluyu
village, but until now only a small part has been realized, despite donations and community
self-help.

                                                                                                              276
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Table 98. Community Connectivity Impact Assessment (Bridge Access)

 Impact              Community connectivity is obstructed due to the submerged bridge
 Impact Nature       Negative            Positive         Neutral
                     By submerging the bridge that connects the villages, it will have a negative impact on
                     daily activities, especially in carrying out economic activities
 Impact Type         Direct              Secondary        Indirect           Cumulative        Residual
                     The impact of impoundment will cause the bridge to be submerged, limiting community
                     access.
 Impact Duration     Temporary           Short-term       Long-term          Permanent
                     The duration of the impact will occur during the inundation time but impacts will remain
                     permanent.
 Impact Extent       Local               Regional         Global
                     The impact is local in nature because it only covers the community area in Blok Jolok and
                     Margaluyu
 Impact Magnitude    No change           Slight           Low                Medium            High
                     The impact on community connectivity is considered Medium. This is due to limited
                     access if there is no connecting bridge between locations.
 Receptor            Low                 Low-Medium       Medium             Medium-           High
 Sensitivity                                                                 High
                     There is still road access to cross the river by taking the longer distance through district
                     roads, however the existence of the bridge is really useful to the community. The village
                     government tried to propose the construction of a bridge through donations from the
                     community.
 Impact Severity     Slight              Low              Medium             High              Very High
                     The combination of medium impact magnitude and medium Receptor Sensitivity
                     categorizes the impact severity as High.
 Likelihood          Extremely           Unlikely         Low                Medium            High Likelihood
                     unlikely                             Likelihood         Likelihood        / Inevitable
                     The likelihood of the resulting impact is at a low level. The community still has access or
                     connectivity but detours are required.
 Significance        Negligible          Minor            Moderate           Major             Critical
                     The impact severity of high, with low likelihood, leads to a Major Significance



Mitigation

Bridge replacement constructions will be suggested to PLN as a part of Infrastructure
assistance, with the realization before impoundment.




                                                                                                              277
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
CHAPTER 12. ENVIRONMENTAL AND                                        SOCIAL IMPACT               –
  OPERATIONAL STAGE

12.1 Introduction
The operational stage involves the generation process at UCPS and the distribution of
electricity to the transmission network. The following list is an outline of the environmental
and social impacts that are expected to arise during the operational phase at the UCPS site
and transmission line:

     •   Impacts on river habitats and biodiversity
     •   Impact on erosion and sedimentation
     •   Impact on river and reservoir water quality
     •   Impact due to the construction of transmission lines
     •   Impact on land cover in the area around the reservoir / reservoir
     •   Impacts along the access road
     •   Potential impacts on public health around transmission lines
     •   Potential increase of water borne diseases

Each impact is described further in each section in this chapter.


12.2 Environmental Impact Operational Stage
12.2.1 Erosion and Sedimentation

The process of pumping and releasing water in the pumped storage hydropower work system
causes a rapid change in the water level in the reservoir. During the generation activity, the
change in water level in the lower reservoir is 4.5 m in 6.5 hours (0.7 m/hour) and a change
of 19.0 m in 6.5 hours (3 m/hour) in the upper reservoir. The process of rising and falling
water levels has the potential to erode the soil layer in the reservoir area, and contribute to the
sediment that enters the reservoir.

The two dams will form a barrier to natural sediment movement. Some of the suspended
sediment will be released through the bottom outlet and passed to the downstream flow, but
the majority of the river load will not be carried. The main impact is to increase river energy
to transport riverbed sediment to the lower dam on the Cisokan River. This allows for changes
in river morphology, particularly the erosion of cliffs and riverbeds, and the novel occurrence
of riverbed and riverbank erosion. However, sedimentation originating from erosion of the
upstream part of the Cisokan River will be contained by the lower dam, thereby reducing the
sedimentation rate in the downstream area of the lower dam. The reduction in the rate of
erosion and sedimentation will have a positive impact, especially for the Cihea irrigation
channel. This will reduce the amount of sediment deposition in the Cihea irrigation channel
which can lead to silting of the channel.

The contribution of sediment into the reservoir environment comes from the area of the
potential landslide zone (unstable slope) in the reservoir and erosion that occurs in the
Cisokan watershed due to changes in land use. Zones of potential landslides and unstable
slopes were identified in the upper and lower reservoirs of the UCPS. Based on the
identification results, there are 7 unstable slope zones in the upper reservoir (Zone A-G) and


                                                                                               278
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
10 landslide potential zones in the lower reservoir (Zone 1-10). The potential landslide zones
and unstable soil in the upper and lower reservoirs of UCPS are shown in Figure 111.




Figure 111. Potential Landslide Zone and Unstable Soil in the UCPS Reservoir

The main weir building and other supporting facilities at the UCPS operational site provide
changes in land use that contribute to changes in the amount and rate of erosion in the Cisokan
watershed.

Analysis of the potential impacts of erosion and sedimentation during construction uses the
USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) method approach. The calculation is based on the pattern
of land changes that occur under pre-construction conditions at the UCPS site. Based on the
results of the analysis, it is known that the existence of facilities at the UCPS location has an
impact on the potential for erosion changes in eight villages in the Cisokan watershed, namely
Bojong Village, Cinengah Village, Girimulya Village, Karangnunggal Village, Margaluyu
Village, Sukajadi Village, Sukamanah Village, and Sukaresmi Village. The potential for
erosion that occurs in existing and operational conditions is shown in Table 99.

Table 99. Potential Erosion at UCPS Sites

  No.           Villages             District       Existing Potential    Operation Potential Erosion
                                                    Erosion (ton/year)            (ton/year)
   1.    Bojong                  Rongga                  26,206.26                 34,271.46
   2.    Cinengah                Rongga                  20,939.98                 21,399.21
   3.    Sukaresmi               Rongga                  53,409.49                103,427.62
   4.    Girimulya               Cibebe                  7,916.92                   4,131.42
   5.    Karangnunggal           Cibeber                 4,984.19                   2,769.15
   6.    Margaluyu               Campaka                 9,543.03                   7,070.85
   7.    Sukajadi                Campaka                 6,024.88                   5,695.76
   8.    Sukamanah               Rongga                  24,538.88                 21,349.11




                                                                                                   279
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
The potential erosion rate at each location is then classified according to the erosion rate class
according to Suripin (2001) (Table 100).

Table 100. Potential Erosion Rate in UCPS Sites

 No.         Villages        District        Potential       Operation             Classification
                                             Existing         Potential      Existing      Operational
                                           Erosion Rate     Erosion Rate
                                          (ton/ha/year)    (ton/ha/year)
  1.   Bojong              Rongga             13.71            17.93        Very Mild        Mild
  2.   Cinengah            Rongga             26.93            27.52          Mild           Mild
  3.   Sukaresmi           Rongga             41.27            79.92          Mild         Moderate
  4.   Girimulya           Cibeber            32.49            16.96          Mild           Mild
  5.   Karangnunggal       Cibeber            15.92             8.84          Mild         Very Mild
  6.   Margaluyu           Campaka            10.47             7.76        Very Mild      Very Mild
  7.   Sukajadi            Campaka             8.61             8.14        Very Mild      Very Mild
  8.   Sukamanah           Rongga             10.80             9.40        Very Mild      Very Mild



Based on Table 99 and Table 100, it can be seen that, during the operational conditions of
UCPS, an increase in the rate of erosion is likely to occur in three villages, namely Bojong
Village, Cinengah Village, and Sukaresmi Village. The reduction in the rate of erosion will
occur in 5 villages, namely Girimulya Village, Karangnunggal Village, Margaluyu Village,
Sukajadi Village, and Sukamanah Village.




Figure 112. The distribution of the erosion strip based on the classification of the UCPS
Operational Stage in the Cisokan watershed



Based on the classification, at the time of operation 4 villages were in category I (Very Mild),
3 villages were in category II (Mild), and 1 village was in category III (Moderate). The erosion

                                                                                                    280
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
model result ranges according to the original erosion rate in the previous study and can be
considered as an upper and lower bound in erosion sedimentation management. Any erosion
rate, based on classification in the Cisokan watershed area, is shown in Figure 112.

The products of erosion and sedimentation will not directly flow into the river body. It will
fill the basin and cavity on the watershed first before flowing into the river body. This process
may, however, be affected if there is no treatment during the construction activities phase and
future land use regulations in the upper Cisokan watershed.

The prediction of operational activity of UCPS kept the value of erosion rate at 1.86
mm/year/km2, corresponding to 309 years of upper dam and 88 years of lower dam use (PLN
Enjiniring/Nippon Koei/Newjec Inc./Indokoei International/Wiratman, 2019a). However,
the HV curve predicted to meet the dead storage for 50 years in both reservoirs. Sedimentation
will occur in each of reservoir and there are still no plans to dredge the reservoir. Reduced
sediment deposition will make the discharge have more ‘energy’ that will potentially erode
the riverbed.

The erosion and sedimentation impact assessment of the Cisokan river at the operational stage
of the UCPS dam is shown in Table 101.

Table 101. Impact Assessment of Erosion and Sedimentation Changes in the Cisokan River during
the Operational Stage

Impact        The increase in the amount of sedimentation in the UCPS reservoir is due to erosion in the
              reservoir area and erosion that comes from changes in land use in the Cisokan watershed.
Impact        Negative            Positive         Neutral
Nature
              Erosion that occurs in the operational stage is a negative impact that can increase the amount of
              sediment in the UCPS reservoir which will affect the silting of the weir.
Impact Type Direct                Secondary        Indirect          Cumulative           Residual
              Erosion that occurs both in the reservoir area due to rapid water level changes and changes in
              land use will be a source of sediment that enters the river and is partially retained in the UCPS
              reservoir.
Impact        Temporary           Short-term       Long-term         Permanent
Duration
              Erosion-sedimentation occurs because surface runoff carries eroded material to water bodies,
              which then settles. These impacts can occur throughout UCPS operations.
Impact        Local               Regional         Global
Extent
              The impact of erosion-sedimentation is a decrease in the quality of the land in the catchment area
              due to decreased vegetation or silting of the lower reservoir.
Impact        No change           Slight           Low               Medium               High
Magnitude
              7 zones of unstable slope in the upper reservoir (Zone AG) and 10 zones of potential landslides in
              the lower reservoir (Zones 1-10) with a large total area. The increased rate of erosion in the
              Cisokan watershed, due to changes in land use during operations, will impact 4 villages in
              category I (Very Mild), 3 villages in category II (Mild), and 1 village in category III (Moderate).
Receptor      Low                 Low-Medium       Medium            Medium-High          High
Sensitivity
              The sensitivity to live receptors is not that great but the impact of erosion and sedimentation is
              sensitive to the UCPS reservoir, in relation to the operational life.
Impact        Slight              Low              Medium            High                 Very High
Severity
              Medium impact magnitude, and low-medium receptor sensitivity, indicates medium impact
              severity.
Likelihood    Extremely           Unlikely         Low Likelihood Medium                  High Likelihood /
              unlikely                                            Likelihood              Inevitable


                                                                                                             281
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
               Erosion contributes to the introduction of sediment into water bodies and is held in reservoirs.
               This is deemed a definite impact.
Significance   Negligible         Minor            Moderate         Major                Critical
               The impact severity of medium, with medium likelihood, leads to Minor-Moderate Significance



The results of the impact assessment of erosion and sedimentation at the UCPS operational
stage showed a minor-moderate significance level.

12.2.2 Changes in River Flow, and Water Availability for UCPS Downstream Users

Unlike conventional hydro schemes, a pumped storage scheme only cycles water between
reservoirs; there is no capture and storage of water for future use and no net downstream
discharge when generating electricity. To maintain the active storage capacity within the
pumped storage system, the scheme is designed to pass excess water downstream rather than
store it within the reservoirs. So, as discussed in Section 4, most of the water that flows into
the two reservoirs will either be passed through the bottom outlet or over the spillway so that
the downstream hydrology will be very similar to the existing situation.

Cirumamis River:

The downstream flow in the Cirumamis River will be the same as the inflow for all flows. The
exception being during low flow periods (less than 0.01 m3/s), the downstream flow releases
may exceed inflow. Any top up water to make up for evaporation will come from the Cisokan
River. The bottom outlet of the upper dam allows a minimum discharge of 0.01 m3/s and a
maximum of 0.96 m3/s. The discharge will flow directly into the Cirumamis River. The
residual flow will decrease during periods of low discharge (dry season and dry period in the
rainy season) in accordance with the reduced inflow into the reservoir. The maximum
discharge of 0.96 m3/s will be observed during the rainy season or during high rainfall. Any
discharge greater than 0.96 m3/s will be discharged via the spillway when the reservoir is at
full capacity.

Because the downstream flow will be maintained, there are no anticipated impacts on the
flow, or habitat of the Cirumamis River, including the waterfalls.

Cisokan River:

The downstream flow in the Cisokan River will be the same as the inflow for all flows except
for a small amount of water take, anticipated to be 0.2 m3/s, to replenish evaporation from the
two reservoirs. The required ‘top up’ water will have no noticeable effect on the downstream
Cisokan River during most flows, with the exception of extreme low flow periods (less than
Q97). For example, at Q97 inflow of 1.7 m3/s, the downstream flow will be 1.5 m3/s.

In 2014, the Ministry of PUPR issued Ministerial Decree No. 619 / KPTS / M / 2014
concerning the granting of water resources utilization permits (SIPA) from the Cisokan River
to PT. PLN (Persero). To maintain water availability for the purpose of river maintenance, a
minimum e-flow of 0.55 m3/s is permitted by the SIPA water resources utilization permits
(Section 11.2.1, Table 102. During the dry season, where the Cisokan River discharge is below
0.55 m3/s, UCPS must discharge at least 0.55 m3/s. Using the rationale that the scheme only
takes 0.2m3/s, this minimum e-flow would be reached when the inflow is at, or below,
0.75m3/s. At flow between 0.75m3/s and 0.55m3/s, the ‘top up’ water of 0.2 m3/s would be

                                                                                                           282
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
reduced until it reached 0 m3/s, in order to meet this minimum e-flow. This means that the
active storage would be slightly reduced during this period. At flow below 0.55m 3/s, the e-
flow will be maintained at 0.55m3/s and water will be taken from the active storage. This
situation will likely only occur for up to a few days in any one year.

In extreme drought conditions, the SIPA states that the UCPS must discharge a minimum e-
flow of 0.01 m3/s to meet the permit requirements and maintain water flow for the Cihea
Irrigation Scheme. This means, if the natural inflow reduces to, or below, 0.01 m3/s, the UCPS
scheme can reduce the e-flow to no less than 0.01m3/s.

Table 102. Proposed operational regime for inflow and outflow during operation

 Scenario                  All flows = >0.75       Very low flow       Q97 – Q 100        Extreme low
                                                                                          flow
 Natural inflow m3/s                         >=          0.75 - 0.55        0.55 - 0.01          <0.01
                                            0.75
 Intake  for      UCPS                      0.20           0.20 - 0                  0                0
 Scheme m3/s                                        (Inflow – 0.55)    (water released          (water
                                                                          from active         released
                                                                              storage)     from active
                                                                                              storage)
 Residual        flow                   >= 0.55                0.55               0.55             0.01
 discharge downstream          (Inflow – intake)
 lower dam m3/s


Utilization that does not neglect ecosystem protection refers to Government Regulation no. 38
of 2011 concerning rivers; the UCPS is required to maintain a reliable Q95 discharge of 1.59
m3/s (PJT II, 2019). According to the analysis above, the UCPS will achieve this flow at
approximately Q97, meaning it will maintain a higher Q95 flow than that required by the
regulation.

The operational flow regime will not affect the ecological and biodiversity values in the river.
The minor changes in flow will not affect the water depth, velocity, wetted area, depth and
other significant ecosystem features, compared to the baseline. Fish and macroinvertebrate
species are adapted to diurnal and seasonal flow changes and are not expected to be adversely
affected. Habitat impacts are discussed in Section 10.2.2.

Water requirements during the operational process also consider water needs for irrigation in
Cihea. The small water requirements of 0.2m3/s will have little to no impact on the irrigation
scheme compared to the existing river flow, except at very low flow periods. The Cihea
scheme already adapts to the flow variation in the Cisokan River and adjusts the intake from
a minimum of 0.22m3/s to 7m3/s, depending on flow availability and the irrigation needs.
During low flow periods in the dry season months of August and September, the Cihea
Irrigation Scheme often takes little or no flow from the river, which limits the risk of the UCPS
water needs affecting the scheme at this time. There will be a perception that the UCPS will
be responsible for any droughts / lack of water availability and conversely, for floods. To
manage water flow expectations and to prevent conflicts it is prudent that the UCPS and Cihea
Irrigation Scheme work together to share real time flow information and early warning
systems.

There is very little opportunity for flood attenuation by the scheme. The available live storage
capacity is small and designed for daily peaking generation. At any one time there will only

                                                                                                    283
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
be approximately 10,000,000 m3 of active storage available, which, for example, could
attenuate 3 hours of peak flow for a 100y return flood (891m3/s) or 6 hours if half the flow is
attenuated. Using the active storage for flood attenuation would result in the generation
capacity not being available during the flood event.

The flow regime, including maintaining a minimum e-flow above the rate of inflow flood
attenuation, and early warning systems, as well as any cooperation between UCPS and Cihea
Irrigation Scheme must be developed as operational procedures in the Operational
Environmental Management Plan.

The impact assessment of the flood discharge and low flow of the Cisokan River at the
operational stage of the UCPS scheme is shown in Table 103.

Table 103. Impact Assessment of Cisokan River Flow During the Operational Stage

Impact              Changes to the natural flow regime in the river
Impact Nature       Negative          Positive         Neutral
                    There will be a very small impact of the UCPS operation by reducing the flow in the
                    Cisokan River by 0.20 m3/s to make up for evaporative losses in the two reservoirs.
                    The flow downstream in the Cirumamis River will be maintained at the rate of inflow,
                    except during periods at or below 0.01m3/s where it will be maintained at 0.01 m3/s.
Impact Type         Direct            Secondary        Indirect         Cumulative       Residual
                    Minor changes in flow patterns in the downstream of Cisokan River and Cirumamis Rivers
                    are a direct impact of the UCPS
Impact Duration     Temporary         Short-term       Long-term        Permanent
                    Changes in the flow regime in the Cisokan and Cirumamis Rivers will take place during
                    the operational life of UCPS.
Impact Extent       Local             Regional         Global
                    Changes in the flow regime in the Cisokan Rivers will have minor impacts to the Cihea
                    Irrigation Scheme, which is about 3 km below the lower dam.
Impact Magnitude    No change         Slight           Low              Medium           High
                    The main component of the impact is how the discharge in the Cisokan and Cirumamis
                    rivers should be maintained for UCPS operations and use for the community downstream
                    of the river, especially in Cihea scheme, so that during the dry season / low flow periods
                    needs can be met. However, based on the water balance graph, during the minimum
                    conditions in August and September, the flow conditions still show a surplus after
                    deducting for evaporation and withdrawal by UCPS.
                    The water take requirements for the scheme is a very small percentage of the flow for most
                    of the time, to at least the Q97 flow. Beyond Q97 flow the modifications will be slight. The
                    UCPS scheme will increase the flow in the river during very low flow periods.
Receptor            Low               Low-Medium Medium                 Medium-High High
Sensitivity
                    The Cihea Irrigation Scheme users are sensitive since there are a large number of
                    households who rely on the water for income and livelihoods who would be anxious about
                    any reduction in water availability. Rice growing is a significant contribution to the local
                    economy.
Impact Severity     Slight            Low              Medium           High             Very High
                    Impact magnitude slight, and receptor sensitivity medium, shows the impact severity as a
                    low.
Likelihood          Extremely         Unlikely         Low Likelihood Medium             High
                    unlikely                                          Likelihood         Likelihood/Inevitable
                    Change of flow will occur due to the need to top up evaporative losses.



                                                                                                            284
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Significance         Negligible          Minor            Moderate          Major            Critical
                     Impact severity low, with likelihood high / inevitable, result in Minor Significance.



12.2.3 River Habitat

The inundation will affect changes in river habitat in the Cirumamis and Cisokan Rivers.
Habitat changes will occur in inundated areas. Fish species that depend on clear, fast flowing
water conditions, for living and spawning, will reduce home ranges when inundation occurs.
Direct habitat loss includes several kilometers of upland 'riffle, run, pool' habitat. The
upstream and side watersheds are available as alternative living areas. The reservoir will be a
habitat for goldfish, tilapia and snakehead, which can adapt to the lake environment.

Heavy flow at the beginning of the rainy season is a sign for aquatic biota, especially fish, to
lay eggs, meaning efforts must be made to maintain natural water flow. The natural flow of
the river during operation will approach the natural flow conditions prior to the construction
of the weir, especially at average flow and high flow. This environment should not be
damaged by the Upper Cisokan hydropower activities. The low flow will be maintained
according to the downstream river ecosystem to prevent drought throughout the year.

The reservoir environment is a water body that is not suitable for aquaculture activities, but
the surrounding community does not have an alternative for wild fish. Decrease in food
sources for aquatic biota and substantial changes in fish communities have been identified, so
mitigation efforts need to be undertaken, including introducing feed source species or
capturing and releasing species in the upstream and downstream of the dam. As part of the
aquatic system consists of Natural Habitat, a no net loss objective is required. The ecological
restoration of riparian areas through reforestation, as detailed in the BMP, aims to improve
the health of aquatic areas by offsetting losses occurring during the operational stage.

Riparian habitats along rivers will also disappear when inundated. These habitats are
important for amphibians, reptiles and some birds. This cannot be replaced by a reservoir,
because the water level will fluctuate sharply in a short period of time, due to the operational
nature of pumped storage, making the riparian area uninhabitable. These species must seek
alternative habitats in the upstream side streams and tributaries. The impact assessment on
river habitats at the operational stage of the UCPS dam is shown in Table 104.

Table 104. River Habitat Quality Impact Assessment during the Operational Stage

Impact         Changes in river habitats in the upper dam inundation areas increase the quality of water bodies
               due to the self-purification process, thereby increasing the quality of the habitat for aquatic biota.
Impact         Negative            Positive          Neutral
Nature
               Changing flowing water bodies into more or less stagnant lakes can also reduce the quality of
               river habitats if the filtering capacity of water bodies is not able to compensate for the amount of
               incoming contamination.
Impact Type Direct                 Secondary         Indirect           Cumulative           Residual
               The impact of increased pollution is the emergence of weeds and a decrease in water quality,
               which can interfere with the performance of the weir.
Impact         Temporary           Short-term        Long-term          Permanent
Duration
               The upper weir and the lower weir are water bodies that can naturally self-purify, so that the
               water quality can be improved as long as the amount of contamination entering is still within the



                                                                                                                 285
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
               tolerance stage. The weir's water body is not used as a place for fish farming during operations,
               so it will greatly assist in the process of improving water quality
Impact         Local              Regional         Global
Extent
               The quality of water stored in the weir body will experience improvement so that the water in the
               weir body will be better than the quality of incoming water. The downstream area will also
               experience improvement as a result.
Impact         No change          Slight           Low               Medium               High
Magnitude
               The decrease or increase in water quality will have an effect on the habitat of water bodies, this
               will affect the characteristics of aquatic biota
Receptor       Low                Low-Medium       Medium            Medium-High          High
Sensitivity
               Water body characteristics are indices that can be observed and measured as water quality
               information
Impact         Slight             Low              Medium            High                 Very High
Severity
               Medium impact magnitude and low-medium receptor sensitivity show medium impact severity.
Likelihood     Extremely          Unlikely         Low Likelihood Medium                  High Likelihood /
               unlikely                                           Likelihood              Inevitable
               Changing conditions in river habitat due to a dam is a definite impact
Significance   Negligible         Minor            Moderate          Major                Critical
               The impact severity of medium, with medium likelihood, leads to a minor-moderate significance



Mitigation measures may include development of riparian habitats in buffer zones. Further
efforts will be carried out with an adaptive management program from the Biodiversity
Management Plan. Biodiversity monitoring before and after the Upper Cisokan hydropower
plant operates, along sections of the Cisokan river and tributary, will provide evidence of
changes in riparian biodiversity, and potential signs of mitigation efforts to prevent significant
loss / change.

12.2.4 River Water Quality

Water quality is influenced by both land use, and use and discharge of water in the catchment
area. Deteriorating water quality can have an impact on the ecology of waters and
downstream water users.

Changes in water quality are most likely due to inundation and operations. Initially BOD5,
COD and nutrient concentrations may increase, and dissolved oxygen concentrations will
decrease, due to decomposition of the remaining vegetation after reservoir preparation and
from inundated soils. There is also the possibility of sediment from the ground surface of the
reservoir body entering the reservoir after inundation, increasing sediment load at the edge
of the inundated area.

The increase in population also has an impact on the increased waste generated. Household
waste has a significant impact on water bodies. The results of water quality monitoring in the
Cisokan River show that domestic waste, especially organic waste contamination, and land
management are the main causes of water quality decline.

Domestic waste which has a high organic matter content will increase environmental
parameters with respect to the decomposition process of organic matter, namely Biological
Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The results of the calculation
of the pollution load projection for BOD and COD parameters show that there is an increase

                                                                                                             286
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
in BOD and COD in the Cisokan catchment, which will be discharged into water bodies.
Pollutant loads for each village in the Cisokan catchment area, with respect to BOD
parameters, are presented in Figure 113.




Figure 113 Projected village pollutant load in the Cisokan catchment area for BOD parameters for
2020-2025-2035

The results of the pollutant load analysis show that an increase in the population of the area,
particularly due to the need for migrant workers during the construction phase, will increase
the amount of organic contaminants in water bodies.

An increase in population will increase the amount of contaminants discharged into water
bodies. Increasing BOD and COD concentrations will affect the water quality, especially as
habitats for aquatic organisms. The impact that occurs from the increase in contamination is a
decrease in the diversity of biota, especially biota sensitive to pollution. The distribution of
the load for COD parameters is presented in Figure 114.




                                                                                            287
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 114. Pollution Load per Village for COD Parameters in 2020 - 2025 – 2035

Other parameters related to human activity, besides organic parameters, are the parameters
of suspended sediment or Total Suspended Solids (TSS). TSS is a form of contamination from
human activities that causes soil and other materials to flow into water bodies. An increase in
suspended solids increases turbidity and sedimentation, and can therefore be used as an
indicator of erosion in catchment areas. The total amount of village dissolved solids in the
Cisokan catchment area is presented in Figure 115.




Figure 115. Pollution Load per Village for TSS Parameters for 2020 - 2025 – 2035



                                                                                           288
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
The impact assessment on the reduction of water quality of the Cisokan River during the
operational stage is shown in Table 105.

Table 105. Cisokan River Water Quality Impact Assessment Operational Stage

Impact         Decreasing water quality and changing river habitat in the Cisokan river; especially with regard
               to increased levels of pollutants from domestic waste and suspended solids.
Impact         Negative            Positive         Neutral
Nature
               The increase in the population of the catchment area (residents and workers) increases domestic
               waste, which causes an increase in the pollution load to water bodies.
Impact Type Direct                 Secondary        Indirect           Cumulative           Residual
               The increase in the number of non-point source pollutants, in the form of domestic waste,
               increases the pollution load directly, especially for the parameters of BOD, COD and TSS. These
               impacts are cumulative, as pollution is already existent but will increase due to the increase of
               population in the area.
Impact         Temporary           Short-term       Long-term          Permanent
Duration
               The increase in environmental pollution load from domestic waste can be temporary or long term
               depending on the efforts made, because the pollutant load can be reduced through controlling the
               amount of pollution that is channelled into the river.
Impact         Local               Regional         Global
Extent
               The increase in the pollution load to the Cisokan water body will have an impact on decreasing
               the quality of the river habitat for aquatic organisms, resulting in a decrease in the diversity and
               abundance of aquatic biota.
Impact         No change           Slight           Low                Medium               High
Magnitude
               The projected amount of BOD entering the Cisokan water body in 2020 = 2,825.46 tons/year, 2025
               = 3,010.67 tons/year, and 2035 = 3,590.77 tons/year. Projected amount of COD in 2020 = 3,885.01
               tons/year, 2025 = 4,139.68 tons/year, 2035 = 4937.31 tons/year. Projected total TSS in 2020 =
               2,684.19 tons/ year, in 2025 = 2,860.14 tons/ year, in 2035 = 3,411.23 tons/year.
Receptor       Low                 Low-Medium       Medium             Medium-High          High
Sensitivity
               Changes in water quality will affect the overall aquatic biota and communities dependent on the
               river.
Impact         Slight              Low              Medium             High                 Very High
Severity
               Medium impact magnitude and low-medium receptor sensitivity show medium impact severity.
Likelihood     Extremely           Unlikely         Low Likelihood Medium                   High Likelihood /
               unlikely                                            Likelihood               Inevitable
               The decline in water quality will generally occur as a result of increasing domestic pollution.
Significance   Negligible          Minor            Moderate           Major                Critical
               The impact severity of medium, with medium likelihood, indicates Minor-Moderate Significance



12.2.5 Land Use Changes, specifically around the transmission lines

UCPS activities include the construction of Upper Dam, Lower Dam, Power Plant Facilities
and transmission lines requiring land. These activities will change the land from vegetated to
developed land. Land use change analysis is carried out by analyzing the identification of
actual use through the use of high-resolution satellite imagery data coupled with field
surveys. The basic data is presented as a reference map of topography from the Geospatial
Information Agency. The plan map is generated from the actual map, coupled with the UCPS
activity site planning, so that land use changes that will occur can be identified. The land use
change analysis is carried out by comparing the actual conditions and the site plan as well as
the regulations regarding the conditions accompanying the site plan.
                                                                                                                 289
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Changes in land use that are due to occur in UCPS project activities are:

    •   Changes in land use in the Gunung Karang area due to the process of taking rock
        material
    •   Changes in land use in the access road area and its corridors which are used as a
        conduit to the weir location and generating facilities
    •   Changes in the use of the weir, both the weir body and the weir's water body as a
        source of water for power generation
    •   Change in land use of power generation facilities and supporting facilities
    •   Changes in land use in the transmission line area are related to transmission line safety
        requirements

Changes in land use will have an impact on many aspects including hydrological, landscape,
sediment erosion, environmental health, food security and wood supply.




Figure 116. Land Use on the UCPS Transmission Line

The UCPS transmission line, that stretches from the location of the generating facility to the
intersection of the 15 km Saguling hydropower plant, has an impact on land use (Figure 116).
Changes in land use occur with respect to regulations regarding free space and minimum
clearances on high-voltage overhead lines, in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister
of Energy and Mineral Resources (PERMEN ESDM) No.2 of 2019.



                                                                                             290
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
PERMEN ESDM No. 2019 states that the minimum vertical distance from the conductor and
the minimum horizontal clearance from the vertical axis of the tower/pole are adjusted to the
type of overhead line and the voltage capacity supplied. The area of minimum vertical and
horizontal distance of airways is presented in Table 106.

Table 106. Minimum Vertical and Horizontal Clearance Distance for Types of Transmission Lines
and Voltage

                                                        SUTT (High        SUTET (Extra      SUTTAS (Direct
                                                        Voltage Line)   High Voltage Air     Current High
 No.                      Location                                            Line)        Voltage Air Duct)
                                                       66 kV   150 kV   275 kV 500 kV      250 kV    500 kV
                                                        (m)      (m)      (m)       (m)      (m)       (m)
  1    Open field or open area                          7.3      8.5     10.5       12.5     7.0       12.5
  2    Areas with certain circumstances
  3    Bridge building (b)                              4.5      5.0     7.0       9.0       6.0       9.0
  4    Forest plants / plants, plantation (b)           4.5      5.0     7.0       9.0       6.0       9.0

  5    Road / highway / railroad (a)                   8.0      9.0      11.0     15.0      10.0      15.0
  6    Public square (a)                               12.5     13.5     15.0     18.0      13.0      17.0
  7    Other SUTT, Low Air line (SUTR), Medium         3.0      4.0      5.0      8.5       6.0       7.0
       Voltage Air Line (SUTM), Communication
       overhead line, antenna and cable car b)
  8    The highest point of the mast at the position    3.0      4.0     6.0       8.5       6.0       10
       of the tide / highest water traffic (b)



The minimum clearance regulation is used as a buffer in areas that will be affected by land
use change, if the construction of airways is realized. The planned land use change is predicted
by considering the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 2 of 2019.

Land use changes from production forest and natural forest to shrublands, have been
observed in areas affected by the height limit of stands. Shrublands, rice fields, fields, open
land and water bodies are not affected by the space limitation policy; the relatively low
vegetation only requires monitoring. Settlements in the channel corridor area have not
undergone any changes, but it is necessary to monitor building height to ensure that
requirements are being met.

The results of land use identification, in the airway corridor of the UCPS project plan, show
that the impact of land changes in the UCPS project airway corridor occurs in forests and
secondary forests, which will become bushes. Changes in land use will certainly have an
impact on environmental parameters. Details of actual land and planned land use areas are
presented in Figure 117.




                                                                                                     291
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 117. Land Use Change Graph in the 500 kV UCPS Transmission Line. Blue = existing land
cover. Red = potential landcover following transmission line development. “Hutan” = forest;
“Semak” = scrub; “Sawah” = wet rice field.

The results of the analysis show that the changes in land use in the airway corridor are forest
to shrub (18.29 ha) and secondary forest to shrub (49.46 ha). Environmental parameters that
have an impact on land use change are:

    •   Changes in surface runoff and erosion; surface runoff is calculated based on rainfall
        intensity, runoff coefficient and area. Changes in land use in the airway area affect the
        runoff coefficient value. The change in runoff coefficient for forest to shrub is 0.03 to
        0.07 and 0.05 to 0.07 from secondary forest to shrub. Land use change also affects land
        erosion. Land erosion can be predicted by determining erosion potential, using the
        USLE (Universal Soil Lost Equation) method, with the parameters of rainfall, soil,
        slope, soil type and land use. Land use parameters are mainly concerned with the
        value of land use and respective management factors. Forest has a CP factor value of
        0.005, secondary forest has a CP factor value of 0.3, while shrubs have a factor value
        of CP 0.5.
    •   Changes in land use affect food availability, especially if there is a change from
        agricultural to non-agricultural land (built-up land). Changing agricultural land to
        developed land will reduce regional food production. Changes in land use from
        vegetation to non-vegetation can reduce food reserves for livestock, and timber
        potential. The calculations show that the change in use of agricultural land to non-
        agricultural land does not occur as a result of the construction of an extra high voltage
        500 kv overhead line. The visualization of the location of the 500 kV transmission line
        to be built is shown in the image below.




                                                                                             292
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 118. Visualization of 500 kV Transmission Line

Impact evaluation is carried out to estimate the potential significant impact of the activities on
environmental parameters. The evaluation of land use impacts in the 500 kV UCPS
transmission line corridor is shown in the table below.

Table 107. Land Use Impact Assessment from the 500 kV UCPS Transmission Line at the
Operational Stage

Impact         Changes in land use, in the corridor of the 500kV transmission line, lead to changes in surface
               runoff and erosion-sedimentation.
Impact         Negative            Positive         Neutral
Nature
               Change of forest land use to non-forest will increase surface runoff and, consequently, erosion-
               sedimentation.
Impact Type    Direct              Secondary        Indirect          Cumulative           Residual
               Changes in land use in the corridor of the 500kV transmission line directly leads to changes in
               surface runoff and erosion-sedimentation.
Impact         Temporary           Short-term       Long-term         Permanent
Duration
               Changes in land use due to the construction of high-tension air have a permanent impact. As long
               as the airways are used, the rules for limiting height and distance will automatically apply.
Impact         Local               Regional         Global
Extent
               Changes in land use will have impacts on runoff and erosion-sediment. The total area that will
               be impacted, however, is relatively small.
Impact         No change           Slight           Low               Medium               High
Magnitude
               The size of the impact that occurs from changes in land use in the airspace corridor ,with a total
               area of only 18.29 ha and 49.46 ha, respectively, compared to the total corridor area of 9093.3 ha,
               is relatively small, especially when compared to ecological units (watershed boundaries).
Receptor       Low                 Low-Medium       Medium            Medium-High          High
Sensitivity
               Based on the size of the impact, land use change has little impact on receptors at the watershed
               scale.
Impact         Slight              Low              Medium            High                 Very High
Severity
               The small impact magnitude and low receptor sensitivity indicate that the impact severity is small
               (Slight).
Likelihood     Extremely           Unlikely         Low Likelihood Medium                  High Likelihood /
               unlikely                                            Likelihood              Inevitable
               The impact of changes in surface runoff and erosion-sedimentation, resulting from the
               construction of transmission networks had a medium likelihood of occurring.
Significance   Negligible          Minor            Moderate          Major                Critical
               Slight impact severity, with medium likelihood, results in Negligible Significance.
Based on the results of the scoping, it can be concluded that the impact of land use change in
the 500 kV UCPS Transmission line is considered to be a negligible.

                                                                                                              293
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
12.2.6 Visual Impact on Transmission Line

Visual impact analysis is carried out in the area around the Transmission Line, with reference
to the Guideline for Landscape Character and Visual Impact Assessment (Center for Urban
Design, 2020). The analysis stage begins by determining the Area of Interest (AoI), in
accordance with the scope of the transmission line area that has been determined by PLN. The
area around the transmission line is then analyzed, using a desk study, using remote sensing
and modeling. Modeling is carried out to determine the visual observation point of the
transmission line construction. The visualization of the transmission line modeling results is
shown in Figure 119.




Figure 119. Visualization of UCPS Transmission Line Modeling Results

Field observations are made to determine environmental conditions and the effect of
transmission line construction on views at several locations, especially densely populated
areas and crowded centers. The aspects observed were:

                                                                                          294
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
       •   Topographical conditions of the region
       •   Ecological characteristics, such as land cover and various types of plants
       •   Community income from local natural resources, such as agricultural products,
           agriculture and tourist areas
       •   The area of cultural heritage and cultural customs that develops in the community
       •   Development plan for the study location area
       •   Accessibility from the main road to the points of transmission line development
       •   Settlement, demographics and community perceptions of transmission line
           development
       •   Center for growth of the crowd and transportation network
       •   Percentage of green open land cover and vegetation around residential/densely
           populated areas




  (a) Construction Plan of Transmission line        (b) Construction Plan of Transmission Line
  Tower on the distant hills                        Tower on the hill, behind the settlement




                                                     (c) Transmission line Tower Construction
                                                     Plan in community yards


Figure 120. Location of Visual Impact Observation on UCPS Transmission Line Construction Plan;
(a) Low (b) Moderate (c) High

Observations were made at several points that represented the condition of the view of the
transmission tower in the community. The following figure shows the visual impact on the
planned location of the UCPS transmission line construction.

Observations at locations around the transmission line provide information about where the
view of the receptors is disturbed and where not. These visual disturbances are classified as
high (disturbed views), moderate (slightly disturbed view), and low (uninterrupted view).
                                                                                                 295
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
The impact analysis on visual conditions around the project area, based on this classification,
is shown in Figure 121.




Figure 121. Distribution of Visual Conditions Observation Around the Transmission Line

Evaluation of the visual impact from the 500 kV UCPS transmission line is shown in Table
108.

Table 108. Visual Impact Assessment Due to the existence of the UCPS 500 kV Transmission Line

Impact        Disturbance of view due to the transmission lines.
Impact        Negative           Positive         Neutral
Nature
              The presence of transmission lines can have a negative impact if they interfere with the view of
              humans as receptors.
Impact Type Direct               Secondary        Indirect         Cumulative           Residual




                                                                                                          296
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
               The disruption of receptor visualization is the direct impact of the towers and cables which run
               along the transmission line.
Impact         Temporary           Short-term       Long-term          Permanent
Duration
               This impact is long-term because the transmission line will be used throughout the operation of
               the UCPS hydropower plant, but would cease if the project stopped.
Impact         Local               Regional         Global
Extent
               The visual disturbance only affects locations around the 500 kV UCPS transmission line
Impact         No change           Slight           Low                Medium               High
Magnitude
               The results show that, from the east side of the transmission line, the level of visual disturbances
               due to the stretch of the transmission network is "low", due to being blocked by hills. Meanwhile,
               in the western part, most of the visual disturbances were "moderate". The transmission network
               is clearly visible in the northern part of this area because this area is a rice field area.
Receptor       Low                 Low-Medium       Medium             Medium-High          High
Sensitivity
               The sensitivity level of the visual disturbance receptors from the transmission network in the area
               is low.
Impact         Slight              Low              Medium             High                 Very High
Severity
               The low impact magnitude and low receptor sensitivity indicate a Slight impact severity.
Likelihood     Extremely           Unlikely         Low Likelihood Medium                   High Likelihood /
               unlikely                                            Likelihood               Inevitable
               Visual disturbances due to high construction buildings rarely occur.
Significance   Negligible          Minor            Moderate           Major                Critical
               Slight impact severity, with low likelihood, results in Negligible Significance.



Based on the results of the visual impact assessment of the 500 kV transmission network, the
results are negligible. Therefore, the impact can be ignored

12.2.7 Biodiversity

12.2.7.1 Deforestation and Forest Degradation through Agricultural Conversion

The main impact on vegetation is related to land clearing, especially for agricultural
development (Table 109). No clear information is available on the history of land clearing in
the area, but it is likely that this activity has been ongoing for a long time. Vegetation maps
from 1950 show the highlands around Cisokan covered with natural forest, with lowland
areas likely being used for community agriculture. A 1919 photo of the Cisokan River basin
shows mostly forested slopes, and also provides an idea of what the original vegetation would
have looked like. This information is crucial in terms of re-establishing native vegetation cover
as a long-term management objective. However, there is likely to be some degree of
degradation in forested slope areas. Since around the 1960s, deforestation has increased
significantly, with little more than a few dozen hectares of forest remaining today.

Land use by communities had a significant impact on previously forested slope areas, mainly
through slash-and-burn activities, with more permanent rice farming focused on the valley
floor, adjacent to rivers. Cutting and burning of vegetation usually results in cutting down not
only shrubs, but also forest trees, such as teak and pine. The shifting nature of agriculture has
resulted in a patchworks of forest - with the best forest often on the steepest slopes most
unsuitable for cultivation, surrounded by degraded forest, scrublands, and grasslands. Some
dry rice is also planted on the slopes and some steep areas are planted with lemongrass, which


                                                                                                               297
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
thrives there. These community activities have had a major impact on production forest areas
(under Perhutani management).

Table 109. Impact Assessment of Deforestation and Forest Degradation through Agricultural
Conversion

Impact         Deforestation and forest degradation through agricultural conversion
Impact         Negative            Positive         Neutral
Nature
               Loss of vegetation diversity, loss of food sources and habitat for wildlife
Impact Type    Direct              Secondary        Indirect           Cumulative            Residual
               These impacts are considered to be cumulative because agricultural conversion acts together with
               other direct and indirect impacts (reservoir inundation and related forest loss, relocation of
               communities and associated land use change, and disturbance and hunting of wildlife.
Impact         Temporary           Short-term       Long-term          Permanent
Duration
               The impacts will be long-term.
Impact         Local               Regional         Global
Extent
               The directly affected area is the community's cultivated land and forest patches, but impacts on
               biodiversity extend across the wider landscape.
Impact         No change           Slight           Low                Medium                High
Magnitude
               Several Perhutani forest lands on the hills of the Cirumamis, Cilengkong and Cisokan watersheds,
               were felled and burned by the people for agricultural purposes. During the felling and burning
               of the vegetation, not only are the wild bushes cut down and burned, but also forest trees such as
               teak and pine.
Receptor       Low                 Low-Medium       Medium             Medium-High           High
Sensitivity
               Land clearing by means of slash and burn is still ongoing, however, PLN and Perhutani will carry
               out revegetation which should offset some of these impacts. Nevertheless, wildlife will have
               medium-high receptor sensitivity to these impacts because of already very low population
               numbers.
Impact         Slight              Low              Medium             High                  Very High
Severity
               Medium impact magnitude and medium-high receptor sensitivity indicate high impact severity.
Likelihood     Extremely           Unlikely         Low Likelihood Medium                    High Likelihood /
               unlikely                                            Likelihood                Inevitable
               Incidents continue to occur due to the absence of an adequate source of income for the community
               using the land
Significance   Negligible          Minor            Moderate           Major                 Critical
               The impact severity of high, with medium likelihood, resulted in Major Significance



12.2.7.2 Hunting and Capturing Wild Animals

Communities are also a threat to local biodiversity due to hunting and fishing activities, and
this may be difficult to control, especially if the market value of the species is high.
Commercial collection primarily targets species such as pangolins. Various bird species are
popular in the pet trade. The pet trade also affects some primates, particularly the slow loris
which is in high demand in the Southeast Asian animal market, but other species such as the
leaf monkey are also traded.

Hunting activities are more a form of recreation. However, there are also residents who sell
the hunted wild boar meat to intermediary traders in Sukarama and Bojong Picung Village,
to be sold in the Ciranjang area, Cianjur Regency. Residents in the Lembur Sawah / Serang

                                                                                                             298
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Block, and in the Langkob and Pamipiran areas stated that the number of wild boars is large
in the forest area around UCPS. In fact, sometimes groups of wild boars enter the gardens
near the settlement. Wild boars are also considered pests to their agricultural land, meaning
that hunting of wild boar has become a common activity for residents.

The elders of Cimarel Village argued that hunting was a tradition. In ancient times, hunting
was commonly practiced after Eid al-Fitr as a form of entertainment (kariaan). The animals
that are hunted are deer (Mengek) and mouse deer ( Kancil/Peucang). The game is slaughtered
and eaten together with the community. One elder stated that, until the 1960's, this activity
could still be done. However, nowadays it is very difficult to find deer, which has led to a
decline in hunting.

Human-wildlife conflicts are also a threat to species, especially pigs and deer that eat
agricultural crops. People consider these species to be pests and hunt or trap them, if they can.
Indirectly, this also affects predators such as the Javan leopard, which, due to limited prey, is
forced to eat dogs or other pets, with potentially fatal consequences for the leopard.

Communities hold traditional beliefs about the protection of certain species or forest areas
but, given the rapid decline in forest cover over the last 6 decades and the general decline in
the value of wildlife, these beliefs are notably less effective. However, long-term biodiversity
management in the area should use traditional belief systems that help protect wildlife
whenever possible.

The extent to which these hunting and collection activities will increase because of the project
is unclear, but better access to the area and the presence of workers could increase demand
and thus pressure on remaining wildlife.

Table 110. Impact Assessment of Wild Animal Hunting and Catching

Impact        Hunting and Capturing Wild Animals
Impact        Negative           Positive         Neutral
Nature
              It is expected that without strong mitigation (biodiversity management, law enforcement etc.)
              there could be an increase in hunting and capturing pressure on wildlife.
Impact Type   Direct             Secondary        Indirect          Cumulative           Residual
              Impacts are considered to be cumulative, driven by changing socio-economic conditions, land
              use changes, access to the area, presence of workers and other factors that could generate
              increased demand for wildlife.
Impact        Temporary          Short-term       Long-term         Permanent
Duration
              The hunting of wild boar by the Cimarel people is generally temporal. However, the hunting of
              these pest animals is currently very prevalent by residents from outside the hydropower plant
              area such as Sukarama, Bojong Picung and surrounding areas.
Impact        Local              Regional         Global
Extent
              Impact occurs around the project site
Impact        No change          Slight           Low               Medium               High
Magnitude
              The loss of one type of animal which is a source of food for other types of animals encourages the
              entry of wild animals into the settlement in search of other food, which triggers conflict between
              humans and wild animals and further decreases the population of wild animals
Receptor      Low                Low-Medium       Medium            Medium-High          High
Sensitivity
              The hunting of these pest animals is increasingly being carried out by residents from Hanjawar
              Village, Bojong Salam Village, Pamoyanan, and Cibaros, as well as hunter groups from the
              Cianjur area such as from the Sukarama, Bojong Picung and surrounding areas.


                                                                                                            299
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Impact         Slight            Low             Medium           High                Very High
Severity
               Medium impact magnitude and low-medium receptor sensitivity show medium impact severity.
Likelihood     Extremely         Unlikely        Low Likelihood Medium                High Likelihood /
               unlikely                                         Likelihood            Inevitable
               Hunting and catching wild animals is still ongoing and is predicted to increase due to market
               demand and high economic value.
Significance   Negligible        Minor           Moderate         Major               Critical
               The impact severity of medium, with medium likelihood, resulted in Minor-Moderate
               Significance.



12.2.7.3 Increased Access and Development

The construction of an access road to the project area will facilitate the transportation of
commodities, produced by shifting cultivation and agriculture, to nearby cities, thereby
increasing the net income that can be obtained from agriculture. This could increase the
demand for shifting cultivation areas, increasing pressure on the remaining forest. Better
access could also attract migrant workers, increasing pressure on scarce land and wildlife. If
not managed carefully, these changes will increase damage to vegetation and threaten
biodiversity in the UCPS hydropower plant area. In addition, during forest clearing, easy
access has the potential to facilitate the transportation of stolen timber.

Currently, PT. PLN (Persero) has established guard posts that regulate access traffic at several
points of inspection roads adjacent to residential areas and protected forests, as control over
BIA areas and protected forests. However, only those close to settlements were practical. A
notice board regarding road use permits has also been erected, but only during the
construction of the access road.

Various bulletin boards regarding hunting bans, and tree cutting bans near BIA and the
working zone have been put in place and are generally in good condition. Socialization and
cooperation with the community, regarding environmental conservation and management,
has also been carried out, especially in 2015 and 2016. One of the socialization activities is
"Socialization of Environmental Conservation in the BIA 14 Area", addressing people living
in Cangkuang Village and its surroundings.

The results of the 2020 rapid survey show that local communities around the forest have a
tendency to refrain from extracting resources from the forest because it was reported that one
of the residents was arrested for violating the regulations regarding biodiversity conservation.
However, due to economic encouragement, the risk is often taken. In the long term, this can
be eliminated by implementing recommendations for harmonization of forest management in
the UCPS area so that local people do not encroach upon new forest areas, but rather profit
from the sale of agroforestry products.

The communities have an established history of managing forests sustainably, this needs to
be incorporated into management strategies so that the community feels ownership and
responsibility for efforts both in private and state forests. Efforts are needed to find harmony
(harmonization) between related stakeholders to be able to manage forest areas in Cisokan
properly, in this case PLN and Perhutani.

It is acknowledged that the conversion of forest land into agricultural land causes many
problems such as decreased soil fertility, erosion, extinction of flora and fauna, floods, drought

                                                                                                        300
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
and even contributes to climate change. This problem is getting worse, in line with the
increasing area of forest that is converted into other business land. Agroforestry is a collective
term for land use systems and technology, which are planned to be implemented on one land
unit by combining woody plants (trees, shrubs, palms, bamboo, etc.) with agricultural crops
and / or animals (livestock) and / or fish, either at the same time or in turns to form ecological
and economic interactions between the various components that exist.

The development of an agricultural commodity in an area must really consider the efficiency
of farming. This means that with a certain level of production, minimal costs must be pursued
so that it can be more profitable for farmers. This is because, in the era of free market
globalization, only the products produced efficiently are able to compete, both in the domestic
and international markets. Efficient farming can only be achieved by applying appropriate
technology.

Before being distributed to users, a model must be developed and evaluated for its technical
and financial feasibility. The model can be said to be effective if it meets the following criteria:
(1) it is technically easy to do, (2) it is financially profitable, (3) it is socially and culturally
accepted by the community, and (4) it does not damage the environment. Thus, economic
feasibility is an absolute requirement for a model to be adopted by farmers.

Table 111. Impact Assessment of Increased Access and Development

Impact         Increased access and development in the area may lead to shifting of cultivation areas, and higher
               pressure on natural resources such as timber to be stolen.
Impact         Negative            Positive         Neutral
Nature
               Loss and destruction of vegetation, reduced wildlife populations, threats to biodiversity
Impact Type    Direct              Secondary        Indirect          Cumulative            Residual
               More land clearing and encroachment of previously difficult-to-reach areas due to easier access,
               further threats to vegetation and wildlife populations
Impact         Temporary           Short-term       Long-term         Permanent
Duration
               In the long run, access to areas that were previously difficult to reach becomes easier, opening
               up opportunities for forest encroachment, thereby increasing threats to biodiversity
Impact Extent Local                Regional         Global
               The impact was felt around the Cisokan hydropower area
Impact         No change           Slight           Low               Medium                High
Magnitude
               Development and accessibility can increase pressure on land and wildlife. If not managed
               carefully, these changes will increase damage to vegetation and threaten biodiversity
Receptor       Low                 Low-Medium       Medium            Medium-High           High
Sensitivity
               Impacts will be found on communities around UCPS, especially in areas traversed by access
               roads.
Impact         Slight              Low              Medium            High                  Very High
Severity
               Low impact magnitude and medium receptor sensitivity show medium impact severity.
Likelihood     Extremely           Unlikely         Low Likelihood Medium                   High Likelihood /
               unlikely                                            Likelihood               Inevitable
               Ease of access will drive the community out of the area. The impetus will be heavier on increasing
               opportunities to earn a living outside the area, rather than on further encroachment into the forest
               because of the possibility of good FPF implementation.
Significance   Negligible          Minor            Moderate          Major                 Critical
               The medium impact severity, with low likelihood is of Minor Significance


                                                                                                               301
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
12.2.7.4 Risk Impact of Electrocution and Collision of Wildlife on the Transmission Line

At the operational stage, the transmission line has the potential to increase the risk of
electrocution and collision occurring in wild animals. In tower areas with cables that are not
completely insulated or in flow paths with open transformers, especially in areas around
Tower 3-4, there is a risk of electrocuting wild animals. The cable span can further affect the
potential for birds to be electrocuted. Further handling of the management of a safer
transmission line is needed by paying attention to cables and transformers that pose a risk of
electric shock to wild animals. Collision risks can be reduced by enduring cables and other
structures are equipped with visual markers, and by periodically inspecting that cables are
properly insulated all the way and operating at safe conditions.

Table 112. Impact Assessment of Occurrence Electric Shock and Collision Risks to the Wild
Animals on the Transmission Line

Impact         Incidence of wild animals electrocuted or injured or killed through collision.
Impact         Negative            Positive         Neutral
Nature
               Loss of biodiversity, reduced wildlife populations.
Impact Type    Direct              Secondary        Indirect           Cumulative           Residual
               Electrocution of wild animals can occur directly if the cables or transformers in the transmission
               line are not properly insulated or if cables are too close. Injury or death can occur from birds
               flying into cables.
Impact         Temporary           Short-term       Long-term          Permanent
Duration
               Once constructed, the risks will be ongoing for the life of the project.
Impact         Local               Regional         Global
Extent
               The impact will be along the transmission line route (15km).
Impact         No change           Slight           Low                Medium               High
Magnitude
               15km is not a significant distance, but the location, on ridges, and in areas where there may be
               migratory and threatened resident bird and other species, results in a magnitude of risk of
               medium.
Receptor       Low                 Low-Medium       Medium             Medium-High          High
Sensitivity
               Javan Hawk-eagles may be present in the project area of influence. There are few breeding pairs
               left and therefore they are very sensitive to any injury or death from collision or electrocution. It
               is to be determined whether they are at risk, following additional studies.
Impact         Slight              Low              Medium             High                 Very High
Severity
               The medium impact magnitude and high receptor sensitivity show high potential impact
               severity.
Likelihood     Extremely           Unlikely         Low Likelihood Medium                   High Likelihood       /
               unlikely                                            Likelihood               Inevitable
               Based on impacts elsewhere in the world, the likelihood of electrocution and / or collision is
               medium.
Significance   Negligible          Minor            Moderate           Major                Critical
               The high impact severity, with medium likelihood, leads to Major Significance



12.2.7.5 Revegetation of Buffer Areas

Buffer areas are needed around inundated areas for several reasons. First, due to the highly
fluctuating water levels in the two dam areas, a safe zone was needed to ensure that no
gardens or buildings in the area were potentially affected by water level fluctuations.

                                                                                                                302
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Management and revegetation efforts are carried out in the corridor and BIA areas in
accordance with the management model in the BMP document.

Revegetation activities will maintain soil stability around the upper and lower dam reservoirs,
this will have an impact on reducing the rate of erosion and sediment entering the reservoir.
Revegetation locations in the buffer area around the upper dam and lower dam are shown in
Figure 122.




Figure 122. Buffer Area and Vegetation Restoration Targets in Reservoir Management during the
Operational Stage

An assessment of the impact of revegetation in the buffer area at the operational stage of the
UCPS dam is shown in Table 113.

Table 113. Assessment of the impact of revegetation on buffer areas at the operational stage of
UCPS

Impact        Effective revegetation leads to maintained soil stability, improved habitat and reduced potential
              for rate of erosion sedimentation resulting from locations around inundation
Impact        Negative            Positive         Neutral
Nature
              Revegetation of the buffer area is a positive impact because it has the potential to improve habitat
              around the upper and lower dams, and reduce the potential for sedimentation.
Impact Type   Direct              Secondary        Indirect          Cumulative            Residual
              Revegetation will have a direct impact on improving environmental conditions around the upper
              and lower dams. In addition, buffer zone management can reduce land access to the weir body,
              so that the weir body will be safe from direct contamination and reduce the risk of accidents.
              Temporary           Short-term       Long-term         Permanent


                                                                                                              303
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
               Revegetation carried out around the upper and lower dam locations will improve the
Impact
               environmental conditions around UCPS. Improvements to environmental conditions will take
Duration
               place throughout UCPS operations.
Impact         Local              Regional         Global
Extent
               The impact of revegetation activities will be felt directly on a local scale around the upper and
               lower dams.
Impact         No change          Slight           Low               Medium               High
Magnitude
               The area where revegetation will be carried out around the upper and lower dam is ± 585.3
               ha , therefore, the environmental improvements around UCPS can have quite a big impact.
Receptor       Low                Low-Medium       Medium            Medium-High          High
Sensitivity
               Receptors for the impact of revegetation in the buffer area are the people living around
               UCPS. With revegetation, the increase in temperature can be controlled in the area so that it does
               not have a negative impact on the local community.
Impact         Slight             Low              Medium            High                 Very High
Severity
               Medium impact magnitude and medium receptor sensitivity showed medium impact severity.
Likelihood     Extremely          Unlikely         Low Likelihood Medium                  High Likelihood /
               unlikely                                           Likelihood              Inevitable
               Environmental improvement in terms of micro-climatic conditions and reduction of sediment
               that enters reservoirs are certain impacts when revegetation is carried out in the buffer area.
Significance   Negligible         Minor            Moderate          Major Positive       Critical
               The impact severity of medium with medium likelihood leads to major positive significance



Revegetation in the buffer areas around the upper and lower dams can have a major impact,
especially when viewed from the microclimate conditions and the reduction of sediment
entering the reservoir, both in the upper and lower dams. Another positive impact is that
revegetation of the buffer area limits human access to the reservoir, thereby minimizing
accidents that occur in the reservoir. The positive impact of buffer zone revegetation indicates
that this activity can be carried out by monitoring and evaluating activities in accordance with
the expected objectives.

12.2.7.6 Conclusions on ESS6 Critical and Natural Habitat net loss

The conclusion from the Critical Habitat assessment is that three species occurring in UCPS
are likely to pass the thresholds for Critical Habitat. As no viable alternatives have been
identified for the project, ESS 6 requires that:

    1. the impacts will not lead to measurable net reduction or negative change in those
       biodiversity values for which the critical habitat was designated;
    2. the project is not anticipated to lead to a net reduction in the population of any
       Critically Endangered, Endangered, or restricted-range species, over a reasonable time
       period;
    3. the project will not involve significant conversion or significant degradation of critical
       habitats; and
    4. the project’s mitigation strategy will be designed to achieve net gains of those
       biodiversity values for which the critical habitat was designated.

Before determining what net losses and net gains mean in the UCPS landscape, a clearer
description is needed of the key ecological elements of the landscape that maintain the species
triggering the Critical Habitat threshold. The UCPS landscape is strongly human-modified

                                                                                                             304
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
with a long history of conversion of forests to agricultural fields, and also maintenance of
forest-type conditions in agroforestry areas. The terrestrial landscape is, therefore, both a
Critical Habitat and a Modified Habitat. The agroforestry areas are concentrated in the BIAs
identified in UCPS and other forest patches, mostly on steep slopes where agriculture is
difficult (except towards hill ridges, which provide access from above). The overall landscape
of 3,452 ha accounts for ca. 66% of agroforest areas where trees and tree crops are cultivated
for human use, but which also provide important biodiversity.

Species like the Javan Gibbon, Grizzled Leaf Monkey, and Slow Loris depend on the
agroforestry elements in the landscape and their ecological connections. The total area
required for the UCPS is ca. 400 ha, with an additional 100 ha of direct impacts along the
transmission line.

Indirect impacts are more difficult to estimate. They consist of a range of construction related
impacts, such as noise, dust, disturbance by traffic, river sedimentation, as well as social
factors, such as the relocation of people that could result in greater pressure on remaining
forests. We do not currently have the data to more accurately measure the indirect impacts,
especially on the forested parts of the landscape and its biodiversity, and we assume a
conservative 0.5 km buffer around the total area of UCPS as the area indirectly impacted by
project developments. This is based on studies that indicated a linear decrease of impacts (e.g.,
hunting, disturbance, deforestation) from roads and other project infrastructure (Clayton et
al. 1997, Laurance et al. 2006, CarbonTropic 2017). The area of indirect impacts is currently
estimated at 2,629 ha, and more precise mapping is ongoing.

Table 114. Estimated areas of direct and indirect impacts, parts of which are Critical Habitat.

 Area                                 Direct Impacts (ha)                   Indirect Impacts (ha)
 UCPS                                 400                                   2,288
 Transmission Line                    100                                   341
 Estimated total impacts              500                                   2,629
 Estimated total impacts based        500                                   1,867
 on counterfactual


Referring to ESS 6, the habitat around the transmission line sampling points is dominated by
modified habitats because there is much human interference, and the transmission line project
site is not in a protected area. Several species that trigger Critical Habitat were found in
forested parts of the transmission line route. Table 114 provides an overall indication of direct
and indirect impacts from reservoir and transmission line development. More precise
mapping is required to determine which areas meet the criteria for Critical Habitat. It is clear
that the species that trigger Critical Habitat thresholds area able to use different elements in
these kinds of human-dominated landscapes.

12.2.8 Greenhouse Gas Emissions

The assessment of greenhouse gas emissions is currently underway as part of the economic
analysis. Preliminary results are presented in this section. The emissions analysis is linked to
the economic analysis since the function of the pumped storage system in the Java-Bali grid
will influence the use of both fossil fuels and renewable electricity generation.

As discussed, the economic evaluation of UCPS is taking into account two factors:


                                                                                                  305
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
    1. the energy arbitrage (ability to manage the generation mix based on market price) and
    2. value of the ancillary services the UCPS provides to the Java-Bali grid.

The value of arbitrage is well-understood and represents the ability to shift low-cost
generation to peak periods, thereby reducing the costs of meeting demand. As the share of
renewables in the Java-Bali grid increases, the UCPS also provides a means to use ‘excess’
renewable energy to pump water to the upper reservoir to ‘store’ the energy for use at a
different time of day, thereby reducing the risk of renewables curtailment due to insufficient
demand or inadequate transmission capacity.

As discussed in Section 1.3 there are many ancillary services UCPS will provide to the grid,
such as:

    •   Regulation. These are reserves held to automatically respond to instantaneous active
        power imbalance and stabilize system frequency. These can be provided by adjusting
        generation levels, pumping loads or interruptible loads.
    •   Spinning Reserves. These are generating resources that are not operating at full
        capacity and are available to ramp output up or down.
    •   Replacement (long-term reserve). This is idle capacity that is available to be brought
        online within time frames longer than regulation or spinning reserves.

These services and energy arbitrage can assist PLN to operate the Java-Bali grid in a way that
optimizes the use of renewable energy and ensure more renewable energy can be connected
to the grid without affecting grid stability. This optimization will contribute to overall
greenhouse gas emissions reductions from the grid compared to the counterfactual scenario.

Least-cost expansion planning: A least-cost system expansion plan has been modelled for the
next 20 years of energy requirements (as a free optimization, i.e., without any fixed targets
such as minimum renewable energy penetration); within the model, capacity was added and
the system operated only to minimize the present value of total system costs subject to
reliability and reserve constraints. UCPS was a candidate in this least-cost planning exercise.

The total value of the project was then calculated as the sum of the ancillary service value,
plus the energy arbitrage and capacity value.

Preliminary Results: The Long Term Least Cost Development Planning outputs confirms that
UCPS project is part of the least cost solution, with an optimal commissioning date in 2028.
The storage capacity of UCPS also allows for a significant increase of solar penetration in the
system (40 GW), and a decrease of coal generation starting from 2028 (Figure 123).




                                                                                           306
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 123. Long Term Development Plan for Java-Bali System

Climate Assessment: Once the Long Term Least Cost Planning is completed, carbon emissions
of the system can be calculated, as well as the evolution of the system carbon intensity over
time.

On the basis of this Long-Term Development Plan, carbon emissions of the entire system as
well as the systems emission intensity have been calculated. The modelling shows that
intensity will decrease from about 0.75 tons of CO2/MWh in 2028 to about 0.55 tons of
CO2/MWh in 2040. Figure 124 below shows the evolution of the systems emission intensity
from 2021 to 2040.




                                                                                         307
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Figure 124. Java-Bali System Carbon Emission Intensity

12.2.9 Noise and Vibration

The turbines and generators which will generate noise and vibrations are located at a very
deep depth (294m) within the underground power house. During the operation mode, from
the outside (environmental area) it shall be very difficult to detect noise and vibrations. The
noise level is predicted to be lower than 50 dB and the vibrations by the turbines and
generators that are of 50 hertz shall be less than <1mm/sec. This condition according to
Environmental standards issued by Ministry No KEP-49/MENLH/11/1996 shall have no
environmental or social risk.


12.3 Social Impacts During Operational Stage
The ESIA surveys reveal potentials for more development and opportunities during the
operational phase of the project. No major negative social impacts are anticipated, but there
were some concerns expressed, particularly related to public health along the reservoir and
under or near the transmission lines.

Shifting livelihood strategies will change once communities need to rely more on agroforestry
and income from perennial crops, rather than annuals, as reforestation of the area proceeds.


                                                                                           308
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
12.3.1 Developments along the access road by immigrants

As reported in the 2019 Environmental Management Plan (RKL) and Environmental
Monitoring Plan (RPL) Implementation Report, the environmental development around the
new road access (new road) at the time of monitoring was the emergence of a number of
community economic activities such as food stalls, inns, shops, grocery, motorbike washing
shops, and mini fuel retailers around the location of the activity. It is likely that the new access
road will lead to increased settlements in the area, given the active economic activity. After
the Saguling road was built, many families had the potential to move to and inhabit the area
around the road owned by PLN.

Upgrading old roads, and constructing new roads, will help local communities gain better
access to markets and services outside the region to the east.

Table 115. Impact Assessment of Development Along the Access Road by Immigrants

 Impact              The emergence of development along the main road.
 Impact Nature       Negative           Positive         Neutral
                     Construction along the access road can have a positive impact on communities in the area.
 Impact Type         Direct             Secondary        Indirect          Cumulative      Residual
                     The impact on the location will be directly felt by the community
 Impact Duration     Temporary          Short-term       Long-term         Permanent
                     Impacts are long-term because they may occur during activities
 Impact Extent       Local              Regional         Global
                     The impact area is local because it only covers the area around the new road access
 Impact Magnitude    No change          Slight           Low               Medium          High
                     The potential for adverse impacts on the community is low, because the area is well
                     developed and has a high population.
 Receptor            Low                Low-Medium       Medium            Medium-         High
 Sensitivity                                                               High
                     It is predicted that the social changes around the main road will be at the Low-medium
                     level. The main road will generate a lot of potential for development and communities
                     building settlements in the area.
 Impact Severity     Slight             Low              Medium            High            Very High
                     The combination of low-medium impact magnitude and Low Receptor Sensitivity
                     categorizes the impact severity as low.
 Likelihood          Extremely          Unlikely         Low               Medium          High Likelihood /
                     unlikely                            Likelihood        Likelihood      Inevitable
                     The predicted impact likelihood is at a low level.
Significance         Negligible     Minor             Moderate            Major                Critical
                     The combination of Low Likelihood and Low Severity leads to Negligible Significance.



12.3.2 Electric and Magnetic Fields (EMF) of the Transmission Line

The 500 kV PLTA transmission line is administratively located in the Rongga District, West
Bandung Regency and Bojongpicung and Haurwangi Districts, Cianjur Regency. In this area
there are several residents whose areas are crossed by transmission line, especially in the



                                                                                                           309
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
villages of Sukajaya, Jatisari, Cibarengkok, Sukaratu, Neglasari, Mekarwangi, Ramasari, and
Haurwangi.

The transmission lines at these locations has the potential to have an impact on the health of
people who live or work near the transmission network, by means of electric and magnetic
fields from the transmission network. The electric and magnetic fields (EMF) in Indonesia
have clear regulations, with appropriate distance settings for objects and people. The
Transmission Network Management Plan provides for regular EMF monitoring efforts to
ensure transmission lines are constructed to national standards. Complaints regarding health
problems or other impacts can be submitted through the PLN complaint service.

The report on the Implementation of the Environmental Management Plan (RKL) and the
Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL) of the 500 kV transmission shows a trend of increasing
public knowledge every year, and 100% of respondents are aware of the Cisokan UCPS project
activities. Recent perceptions of health data (2019) show 30% of the public are concerned about
the health impacts of transmission lines. Meanwhile, 9% of the community are concerned
about compensation related to land acquisition. This concern is made clear in the results of
the 2020 survey of the community, which stated that there has been no further outreach by
PLN regarding public health issues around transmission lines, leaving people worried about
the impact of high voltage transmission lines.

Table 116. Impact Assessment of Transmission Line on Health at the Operational Stage

Impact          Impact of transmission line electro-magnetic radiation on community health during operations
Nature of       Negative              Positive          Neutral
Impact
                The impact is negative.
Impact Type     Direct                Secondary         Indirect            Cumulative             Residual
                Electro-magnetic radiation during operations is immediate.
Duration of     Temporary             Short-term        Long-term           Permanent
Impact
                The impact will be felt for the long term
Impact Range    Local                 Regional          Global
                The extent of the impact will be local, limited to the area around the transmission line.
Magnitude       No changes            Slight            Low                 Medium                 High
                The magnitude of the impact is low because the electromagnetic radiation is designed to be below
                the WHO maximum level.
Receptor        Low                   Low-Medium        Medium              Medium-High            High
Sensitivity
                The sensitivity of the receptors is Low-medium because the transmission line area predominantly
                passes through mixed gardens and rice fields.
Impact          Slight                Low               Medium              High                   Very high
severity
                The combination of Low Magnitude and Low-Medium receptor sensitivity categorizes the impact
                severity as Low.
Possibility     Extremely unlikely    Unlikely          Low Likelihood      Medium Likelihood      High Likelihood
                                                                                                   /Inevitable
                This event does not appear to have occurred at some point during the operation and there has been
                no health data regarding the impact of previous transmission line operations.
Significance    Negligible            Minor             Moderate            Major                  Critical
                The combination of Unlikely Probability and Low Severity leads to Negligible Significance.




                                                                                                               310
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Although the significance of the impact can be neglected, it is necessary to educate the public
about the impact of the transmission line on health. It is necessary to check the amount of
electromagnetic radiation regularly along the transmission line.

Impact Mitigation

There is a potential impact on people living or working near the transmission network in the
form of the impact of electric and magnetic fields from the transmission network, which can
have an impact on health or damage to electrical equipment.

Mitigation:

    1. Education is needed to the public about the impact of transmission lines on health.
    2. Check the amount of electromagnetic radiation regularly along the transmission line

12.3.3 Water-borne Diseases

Reservoirs can cause waterborne diseases. These diseases are caused by pathogenic
microorganisms that are directly transmitted when consuming contaminated water or
indirectly by vectors of parasitic microorganisms that can infect the human body (e.g., animals
which use water as a habitat in their life cycle). The people in the area use the water from wells
and springs or small rivers found in the area for their household purposes.

Table 117. Top Ten Diseases Around the Project Area. Source: (PLN, 2011b)

 No.                           Disease                              Percentage
  1    Non-pneumonia upper respiratory tract infection                 33%
  2    Dermatitis                                                      18%
  3    Rheumatism                                                      10%
  4    Gastritis                                                        9%
  5    Diarrhea                                                         9%
  6    Hypertension                                                     6%
  7    fever typhoid                                                    6%
  8    Upper Respiratory Infection                                      3%
  9    Conjunctivitis                                                   3%
 10    Dental caries                                                    2%


The Upper Cisokan hydropower project will construct the upper and lower reservoirs with
relatively small land and volume. There are potential impacts caused by the two reservoirs in
the form of water-borne diseases (dysentery, cholera, typhoid fever, etc.) which can infect the
surrounding population when people use the reservoir water for household purposes. Based
on the 2010 AMDAL study, diarrhea and typhoid fever are among the top ten diseases found
in the project area (Table 117). Thus, without mitigation measures, reservoirs will not be safe
to use directly, due to the potential for waterborne diseases.

Communities are prohibited from entering the reservoir. Buffer areas around the boundary
are designed to protect community safety from water level fluctuations. This project will
provide clean water and several MCK facilities (bathing, washing, toilet) for residents around
the reservoir or catchment area if necessary. This will prevent the surrounding community
from using the reservoir water for household purposes, thereby reducing the potential for the
spread of waterborne diseases.


                                                                                              311
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Animals that use water for their life cycle may be affected by reservoirs, such as mosquitoes
which can transmit malaria and snails which can transmit schistosomes. Fortunately, these
diseases are rarely reported in the area. This project is relatively close to Cirata Reservoir (built
in 1987) and Saguling Reservoir (built in 1985) for which there were no reports of the diseases.
The fluctuation of the water level and the daily reversal of water with high discharge will also
create conditions for controlling the infectious disease or its vector animals.


12.4 Occupational Health and Safety
The operation (including inundation) phase of the UCPS involve high-risk work activities,
which must be managed through the implementation of an Occupational Health and Safety
Management System as part of overall plant operations. Similar systems should be in place
for transmission line operations and maintenance.

The OHS system will be implemented in accordance with the provisions of the laws and
regulations regulated in Indonesia, which are in line with the International Labor
Organization (ILO) requirements. In addition, according to ESS 2, the OHS measures will be
designed and implemented to address the following:

    •   Indonesian Laws and regulations related to OHS, The World Bank Group EHS
        Guidelines Good Practice Note Environmental, Health and Safety Approaches for
        Hydropower Projects and other Good International Industry Practice for occupational
        health and safety.
    •   Identification of potential hazards to project workers, particularly those that may be
        life-threatening.
    •   Provision of preventive and protective measures, including modification, substitution,
        or elimination of hazardous conditions or substances.
    •   Training of project workers and maintenance of training records.
    •   Documentation and reporting of occupational accidents, diseases, and incidents.
    •   Emergency prevention and preparedness and response arrangements to emergency
        situations, including coordination with the Emergency Preparedness and Response
        measures established under ESS 4.
    •   Remedies or compensation for adverse impacts such as occupational injuries, deaths,
        disability, and disease. Such measures should take into account, as applicable, the
        wage level and age of the project worker, the degree of the adverse impact, and the
        number and age of dependents concerned.

The most significant Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) hazards associated with
hydropower projects occur during the inundation and operational phase include activities
which carry an extremely high risk for workers. These activities carry an elevated risk of injury
or fatality if not managed adequately, these activities are:

    •   Vehicle incidents driving to, from and around the site.
    •   Working in confined spaces.
    •   Working underground.
    •   Working with electricity / electrical hazards.
    •   Exposure to noise.
    •   EMF exposure.
    •   Working at heights (transmission line, dam areas).
    •   Working near water (including during periods of drawdown or filling).

                                                                                                 312
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
    •   Exposure to natural disasters and emergency events.

The Hierarchy of Controls pyramid will form the foundation by which safety risks and
hazards are managed and controlled. The most effective measure is elimination/substitution,
followed by engineering controls, administrative and work practice controls and finally PPE,
as the least effective, at the bottom.

The controls are discussed below:

    •   Elimination/substitution: The best way to deal with a safety hazard is to eliminate it
        altogether by preventing exposure to the hazard before it even occurs. In substitution,
        one seeks to permanently reduce the risk by substituting a less hazardous material or
        reduction of system energy. These are process design solutions that require a
        permanent change to how a job is performed.
    •   Engineering controls: Changing the structure of the work area to reduce exposure to
        hazards, using safety devices or barriers. An example would be to place a high fence
        around a dangerous location to prevent access.
    •   Administrative and work practice controls: Implementing procedures that require
        workers to do things to reduce their exposure to a risk. A lockout/tagout program is
        an example of an administrative control. Set expectations that workers will engage in
        safe work practices. Another example is the use of warning signs, sirens and alarms.
    •   Personal protective equipment (PPE): Make sure employees wear the proper
        protective clothing, gloves and eyeglasses for the job. Examples are safety goggles,
        respirators, fall protection and hearing protection.

Mitigation

All contractors are required to ensure that the Health, Safety, and Environmental (HSE) risks
are identified for their direct employees and sub-contractors. Each Contractor will develop an
Occupational Health and Safety Plan that will cover all of the above hazards and risks to
safeguard the health and safety of, in particular, the local workers who are likely to be less
experienced in this area.

The OHS Plan should be based on applicable Indonesian Laws and Regulations, Good Practice
Note Environmental, Health and Safety Approaches for Hydropower Projects, World Bank
Group EHS Guidelines as well ESS 2, and will cover the following:

    •   Clearly delineate the scope of their control and responsibilities for worker health and
        safety, in terms of location(s) on site and activities within their control.
    •   The Contractor will prioritize worker health and safety standards such as preparing
        SOPs for each type of activity, conducting regular health and safety training and
        briefings (in the local languages) before the implementation of the activities and
        compulsory use of personal protective equipment (PPE).
    •   The Contractors and Supervision Engineers must have sufficient staff and resources to
        manage health and safety, including qualified and trained staff, staff with adequate
        managerial authority to control hazards and risks, suitable budgets, appropriate
        equipment, controls and PPE and access to all Project areas to assess and supervise
        healthy and safe work practices.
    •   Worker standards to be aligned with national requirements and ESS2 requirements for
        health and safety during inundation and operations, along with inductions, training
        refreshers and inspections. Each individual will be personally assessed for

                                                                                           313
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
         competency and only allowed to work in areas where they have the required
         competency. On the job training and tracking of competency will be a continuous part
         of supervision of staff.
    •    Specific measures will be necessary to maintain staff health and wellbeing while
         working and being accommodated on site, including access to clean drinking water,
         clean and effective sanitation, avoiding overcrowding, adequate and clean food,
         recreation, health services, effective and appropriate PPE and other matters.
    •    The Contractors will develop and widely communicate and enforce its “Golden Health
         and Safety Rules” and create a safety culture.
    •    Strict Occupational Health and Safety requirements will be embedded in the Bid
         Documents Contractor’s contract as per the World Bank Standard Procurement
         Documents, to ensure risk management, occupational injuries, worker rights, deaths,
         disability and diseases are managed as per the ESMP, ESS2 and GIIP.
    •    The Supervision Engineer and Contractor will undertake their own daily audits with
         H&S inspectors responsible for monitoring behaviours and correcting where required.
    •    Should non-compliance repeatedly occur a zero-tolerance approach will be adopted
         by PLN and enforced on the Contractor by the Supervision Engineer.
    •    Detailed records of near misses and incidents must be kept and used for continuous
         improvement purposes.
    •    Each Contractor will establish and implement a Worker Grievance Mechanism that
         will be accessible for all workers and sub-contractors to report issues (a confidential
         option should be provided). When complaints are submitted, the Contractor will
         undertake an immediate investigation. The Supervision Engineer will oversee the
         Grievance Mechanism and support the resolution where required.
    •    Emergency response and incident management procedures with prevention and early
         warning procedures, preparation, response and recovery from emergencies, including
         natural disasters, disease outbreaks, conflict or social unrest, pollution incidents and
         injury and fatality incident management.

Table 118. Impact Assessment High Risk Inundation/Operational Activities

Impact                    The impact on workers is illness, injury, or fatality from high-risk activities (working
                          at height, near water, in confined spaces and underground, noise sources, with
                          electricity)

Nature of Impact          Negative         Positive       Neutral

                          The potential impact on workers conducting high risk activities or activities in high
                          risk environments is illness, injury or fatality.

Impact Type               Direct           Secondary      Indirect       Cumulative Residual

                          Workers are directly exposed to hazards and will be directly impacted by illness,
                          injury or fatality. Their families will be indirectly impacted.

Duration of Impact        Temporary        Short-term     Long-term      Permanent

                          The exposure to risk will be long term as the hazards will exist during the entire
                          operations phase. The impact (illness, injury, death) will be permanent.

Impact Range              Local            Regional       Global

                          The exposure of risk will be limited to power station and grid network workers.



                                                                                                              314
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Magnitude                 No changes       Slight       Low             Moderate     High

                          Has the potential to impact tens to hundreds of workers over the lifetime of the
                          scheme and grid network operation.

Receptor Sensitivity      Low              Low-         Moderate        Medium-      High
                                           Moderate                     High

                          All workers are vulnerable to hazards.

Impact severity           Slight           Low          Moderate        High         Very high

                          The combination of High Magnitude and High Receptor Sensitivity the impact
                          severity is deemed Very High.

Possibility               Extremely        Unlikely     Low             Medium       High
                          unlikely                      Likelihood      Likelihood   Likelihood/Inevitable

                          There is a low likelihood that the most severe impact, such as fatality, may occur on
                          the transmission line or power station / dam locations.

Significance              Negligible       Minor        Moderate        Major        Critical

                          The combination of Very High Severity and Low Likelihood leads to Major
                          Significance for the operational phase of the project. To manage the risk health and
                          safety must be prioritized by PLN and their contractors and with proper
                          implementation, regular monitoring and continuous improvement.




12.5 Dam Safety
The safety of the dam and associated structures, as well as the workers and the downstream
communities, is a critical part of the design process, construction and operational procedures.
As discussed in Section 4.1, the detailed design, bid documents, prequalification of bidders
and the selection of the contractor have been supervised by the Project Review Panel, made
up of dam and geotechnical experts, during the period of 2012 to 2017. At the time, the
retention and use of the panel was compliant with the World Bank safeguards policy, OP.37
Safety of Dams. The panel signed off on the updated design, bid documents and the
prequalification of the Contractor for Lot1a Upper and Lower Dams, and Lot 1b Waterways,
Power House, Switchyard and Buildings. PLN propose to engage a new panel for the updated
UCPS project, to assist in the supervision of construction, reservoir filling and commissioning,
and the start of operations. The panel will also be involved in the review of dam safety
documents. The Panel of Experts will be established by PLN in an acceptable manner to the
Bank by the project effective date.

Dam structures and outlets have been designed to the International Commission on Large
Dams (ICOLD) seismic standards. Dam structures and spillways have been designed to the
1/10,000 year flood return interval, as per the ICOLD standards, and the Indonesian
government regulation regarding planned flood design discharge for dam structures, power
generation and similar uses, based on SNI No. 2415:2016. Bottom outlets are designed to
quickly release water in a controlled manner in cases where the dam structures are at risk of
failure.




                                                                                                           315
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
PLN has prepared: 1) Construction Supervision and Quality Assurance Plan, ii)
Instrumentation Plan, iii) Preliminary Operation and Maintenance Plan, and iv) Broad
Framework for Emergency Preparedness Plan. The CSQAP has been prepared as TOR for the
construction Supervision Engineer and further detailed plans have been prepared by the
consultant and contractor. Instrumentation plan has been prepared as part of the bidding
documents. Whilst the preliminary O&M Plan and broad framework have been prepared, the
full-fledged O&M Plan and EPP will be prepared by PLN and submitted to the Bank and
Panel of Experts no less than 6 and 12 months prior to the initiation of the first reservoir filling.


12.6 Cumulative Impacts
CIA screening and analysis was undertaken in 2020 in accordance with the IFC Good Practice
Handbook for Cumulative Impact Assessment and Management. The screening and analysis
were retrospective because the majority of consultation, baseline assessment and impact
assessment has been done over a number of years under the previous UCPS Project and the
preparation of the AMDAL. This section summarizes the process and outputs.

The Good Practice Handbook defines CIA as the process of (a) analyzing the potential impacts
and risks of proposed developments in the context of the potential effects of other human
activities and natural environmental and social external drivers on the chosen VECs over time,
and (b) proposing concrete measures to avoid, reduce, or mitigate such cumulative impacts
and risk to the extent possible.

The objectives of the study were to understand the cumulative impacts on values within the
Cisokan River and Citarum River from a number of hydropower schemes and dams and
agricultural irrigation water demand and on the land use changes and conversion of habitat
in the catchment.

Analytical outcomes

Step 1 – VEC’s, spatial and temporal boundaries.

VEC’s were identified from the extensive baseline environmental and social study work
within the project area of influence and using literature review and IBAT screening tools for
the broader Java context. Iterative processes of identifying sensitive VECs, assessing project
impacts, spatial and temporal boundaries and cumulative impacts were done until the list of
VECs were confirmed (refer Table 119).

Screening questions were considered:

a. Will the UCPS affect this VEC?

b. Would other identified projects/stressors in the area potentially affect this VEC
cumulatively within the spatial boundary?

c. Would the impacts be potentially significant?

Several terrestrial mammalian species are identified as VECs because of the significant
cumulative impacts of the UCPS and the existing rates of habitat conversion and degradation
in the area. No fish or aquatic species met the conditions for VEC because those identified
through field work and desk-based screening were not sensitive to the barrier and reservoir

                                                                                                 316
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
impacts from the Project. One bird species has been identified as a VEC, Javan Hawk-eagle,
based on the potential collision or habitat degradation risks from the transmission line. The
nature and scale project impacts are not yet confirmed because the presence and number of
individuals in the area are uncertain. Due to the endangered status, even a low number of
injury or mortality incidences on the transmission line could affect the population viability.

Only one social/economic VEC was confirmed; the Cihea Irrigation Scheme. The scheme is
sensitive to water availability, but while the UCPS will not have a significant impact on water
availability there may be perceptions of increased flooding or drought risk from the scheme,
particularly if this is cumulative with longer term climate change forceasting which indicates
slight decreases in rainfall and slight increases in the intensity of rainfall. No other river uses
will be affected by the barrier impacts, reservoir operation or minor changes in Cisokan River
flow.

Spatial boundaries vary based on the relevant habitat / ecosystem / environmental features
of relevance to the VEC and the spatial extent of threats from the project other activities or
environmental factors. They have been confirmed in Table 119 below.

The temporal boundary was set at 30 years, as this was a reasonably foreseeable time period
within which the project will be operating and have impacts and is in step with the rate of
degradation of habitat from existing development stressors (predicting that within 30 years,
without intervention, the habitat and key species are likely to be absent from the project area).

Step 2: Scoping Phase 2 – Other Activities and Environmental Drivers.

The other activities and environmental drivers that are relevant for the CIA were assessed as
part of the iterative process of identifying VECs and spatial boundaries. Relevant river-based
activities include the existing Cihea weir and Saguling, Cirata and Jatiluhur dams within the
Ciratum River system (downstream of UCPS), which have created barriers and destroyed
river habitat over many decades and include the intensive urbanization of the mid and lower
Ciratum River systems, both of which likely to be responsible for the lack of indigenous fish
/ aquatic species and lack of longitudinal / diadromous migratory species identified in the
project area. Climate change modelling predicts small changes in rainfall distribution and
intensity, which isn’t likely to have a significant impact on in-river habitat or species survival.

Land-based activities that are relevant for the CIA are the decades of intensive forest
conversion and degradation for agricultural purposes, exotic forestry and settlements which
has affected the number and type of species that remain in the catchment. Furthermore, there
are specific ongoing threats to species from poaching and hunting for meat, medicinal trade,
live animal trade and extermination / pest control because of perceived threats to people or
livestock. These are significant existing stressors on forest habitats and the species within
them, as discussed in detail in Section 6.12 and the BMP.




                                                                                               317
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021
Table 119 CIA Outcomes

 VECs that may be        VEC Threshold(s)          Spatial boundaries      Temporal boundary        Impacted by project           Impacted by               CIA on thresholds
 affected by the                                                                                                                  activities and            and Project
 development                                                                                                                      environmental             Mitigation measures
                                                                                                                                  drivers
 VEC        mammal       Various thresholds        As per the maps in      30+ years to take into   Access road improving         All species are in        Thresholds       are
 species based on        for the size of habitat   the ESIA and BMP –      account            the   access for settlement and     decline      and    are   already    exceeded
 IUCN classification     required for viable       modified       forest   construction      and    land        development,      destined for local        and will continue to
 of CR or EN:            populations. As per       habitat    in     the   operation of the         poaching and hunting.         extinction from:          decline without the
                         the       professional    broader catchment       UCPS              and    Land             clearance,   Community-driven          project.
 Critically              judgement in the          (5000ha+).              transmission line.       inundation and barrier        land clearances for
 endangered              BMP relating to the       (source ESIA, BMP)                               effects of reservoirs and     agricultural       and    ICM approach to
 pangolin                natural range of                                                           dams.                         settlement purposes       enhancing      habitat
 Critically              species and the                                                            Resettlement of project-      (increasing               within the catchment
 endangered Javan        population                                                                 affected people within        populations, poverty      and project area
 Slow Loris              dynamics            the                                                    the     catchment      and    and        lack      of   influence, as per the
 Endangered Javan        estimated       habitat                                                    critical habitat increases    alternative livelihood    BMP and FPF, to
 or Grizzled leaf        size is 3,800ha of                                                         demand for land-based         options).                 meet the sustainable
 monkey                  contiguous       forest                                                    livelihoods            and    Controlled         and    habitat threshold of
                         habitat for viable                                                         agricultural conversions.     uncontrolled              at least 3,800ha of
 Endangered Javan
                         populations of these                                                                                     burning.                  contiguous forest.
 gibbon                                                                                             Influx of job-seekers and
                         key species.
 Javan leopard –                                                                                    camp followers put            Perhutani        exotic   Increasing     habitat
 previously                                                                                         additional demand on          forestry displacing       while      improving
 considered critically   (Source BMP)                                                               agricultural and forestry     natural forest.           livelihood
 endangered       but                                                                               land and products.            Poaching           and    opportunities.
 currently        not                                                                               Barrier     effects    and    hunting             for   Working with the
 evaluated under the                                                                                collision/electrocution       meat/live       animal    other
 IUCN red list.                                                                                     effects from transmission     trade/pest                activities/drivers
 VEC         mammal                                                                                 line.                         control/medicinal         such as community
 species based on                                                                                   (source ESIA)                 trade.                    and Perhutani.
 conservation status                                                                                                              (source ESIA,BMP)
 VU, NT:
 Javan lutung
 Long-tailed
 macaques
 Black giant squirrel
 Small-clawed otter


Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                                             318
 VECs that may be       VEC Threshold(s)          Spatial boundaries      Temporal boundary        Impacted by project          Impacted by               CIA on thresholds
 affected by the                                                                                                                activities and            and Project
 development                                                                                                                    environmental             Mitigation measures
                                                                                                                                drivers
 Javan mouse deer

 (Source ESIA, BMP)
 VEC        Avifauna    Reportedly                Java.                   30+ years to take into   Project impacts remain       Ongoing                   Further study work
 species based on       estimated at 325                                  account            the   uncertain, since the         deforestation on Java     required to identify
 ICUN classification    breeding        pairs.                            construction      and    presence of the birds in     from      agricultural    the presence of Javan
 of EN or CR            Threshold is no                                   operation of the         the project area of          development       and     Hawk-eagle in the
 Javan Hawk-eagle       further      mortality                            UCPS              and    influence      is    still   settlement        and     project area and the
 (source ESIA)          directly or indirectly                            transmission line.       uncertain.                   volcanic eruptions.       potential    impacts
                        related to the project.                                                    Transmission lines may       (source IUCN)             and        mitigation
                        (source IUCN)                                                              create collision and /or                               measures.    Actions
                                                                                                   electrocution        risk                              are listed in the
                                                                                                   leading to injury or                                   ESMP.
                                                                                                   mortality.
                                                                                                   Removal of large trees
                                                                                                   may impact on breeding
                                                                                                   sites.
                                                                                                   (source ESIA, BMP,
                                                                                                   ESMP)
 River          Users   Water available for       15km downstream         30+ years to take into   Project impacts are low,     Climate       change      e-flow        regime
 (economic, social)     irrigation as per         of lower dam, on        account            the   as the UCPS discharges       predicted to bring        addresses      Cihea
                        historic and future       Cisokan River, to the   construction      and    almost      all    inflow    small reduction in        Irrigation   Scheme
 Cihea     Irrigation   demand. Hundreds          Saguling dam and        operation of the         downstream (retaining        rainfall and small        requirements       to
 Scheme     servicing   of        livelihoods     reservoir.     Below    UCPS.                    0.02m3/s to replace          potential increase in     maintain river flow
 5,854ha           of   depend      on    the     which river users are                            losses). Some reduction      intensity of rainfall     thresholds.
 predominantly rice     certainty of supply       not relevant to the                              in irrigation water may      events.
 fields                 of water.                 project due to the                               occur during reservoir                                 UCPS and Cihea
 (Source ESIA)                                    large influence the                              filling (>6.21m3/s take,     Irrigation        water   Irrigation Scheme to
                        Depending on the          dam        has     on                            all other water released).   demand may change         agree on an MOU for
                        time of year 1m3/s –      downstream users.                                Reputational risk that       with changing land        supplying sufficient
                        7m3/s is required in                                                       the UCPS will be             use      (increase   or   water downstream
                        the river at the                                                           responsible for droughts     decrease       in  rice   during       reservoir
                        location of Cihea                                                          and floods.                  fields).     Land use     filling.
                        weir to satisfy their                                                      (source ESIA).               trends and district

Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                                           319
 VECs that may be      VEC Threshold(s)       Spatial boundaries   Temporal boundary   Impacted by project   Impacted by               CIA on thresholds
 affected by the                                                                                             activities and            and Project
 development                                                                                                 environmental             Mitigation measures
                                                                                                             drivers
                       irrigation needs and                                                                  planning       indicate
                       e-flow.                                                                               increases in the total    Improved water flow
                       (source ESIA)                                                                         area and output of        measurements        to
                                                                                                             rice     leading     to   more       accurately
                                                                                                             increased        water    record and manage
                                                                                                             demand       by     the   inflow and outflow
                                                                                                             scheme. In the longer     of UCPS to ensure
                                                                                                             term (20y+) this may      Cihea       Irrigation
                                                                                                             be      reduced      by   Scheme water is
                                                                                                             increased water use       available. This will
                                                                                                             efficiency         and    address changes to
                                                                                                             conversion of rice        water demand over
                                                                                                             fields to other crops     time within the 30yr
                                                                                                             or settlement.            temporal boundary.
                                                                                                             (source ESIA, CIA
                                                                                                             screening).               (ESIA, ESMP).




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                        320
CHAPTER 13.             ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT
  PLAN

13.1 General
The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is the main mechanism for
managing and mitigating during the construction, inundation, and operations of the Upper
Cisokan Pumped Storage (UCPS) Hydropower Plant (PLTA) with a capacity of 1040 MW and
a 500 kV Transmission Line, and supporting infrastructure such s access roads. The purpose
of the ESMP is to guide implementation of mitigation measures and monitoring requirements
identified through the EIA process in 2011 and the updated ESIA in 2020 which complies with
the World Bank Environmental and Social Standards (ESS1 – ESS10) of the Environmental and
Social Framework. Both the ESIA and the ESMP were updated in 2020 by PLN in collaboration
with UNPAD.

This chapter discusses management or mitigation efforts that can be carried out to minimize
and prevent impacts that have been identified in the ESIA document in Chapter 10
(Construction Stage), Chapter 11 (Impoundment Stage) and Chapter 12 (Operational Stage).

Mitigation strategies suggested in this section are detailed in the ESMP document
(Environmental and Social Management Plan). There are a number of sub-plans to deliver
specific environmental and social management activities. The ESMP document will, at
minimum, include details regarding the following:

    •   Roles and responsibilities of parties involved in the project.
    •   Important environmental and social risks
    •   Mitigation, management and monitoring of all key risks during the activity phase of
        the Upper Cisokan hydropower plant.
    •   Report responsibilities and methods
    •   ESMP updating process

The ESMP is a living document that details the appropriate environmental and social impact
mitigation and monitoring measures required during the construction, inundation, and
operational phases of the UCPS Hydropower Plant. Preparation of this ESMP is guided by the
results of evaluation of the potential environmental and social impacts presented in the ESIA
document. The ESMP document will be used as a key reference in the preparation of the
Contractor ESMP (C-ESMP) document which will contain the necessary environmental and
social management actions during construction in accordance with the details of the
construction plan carried out by the contractors for each package. A number of topic specific
environmental and social management are included as sub-plans of the ESMP. These sub-
plans are the SCMP (Social Community Management Plan, which includes the SEP, LMP, GRM,
GAP, and GBVAP) which guides the management of social and community issues during
construction and operation of the UCPS; the BMP (Biodiversity Management Plan) which
guides the management of biodiversity during construction and operation of the UCPS. The
LARAP (Land Acquisition and Resettlement Action Plan) documents the requirements with
regards to the project-affected community.




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021       321
13.2 Purpose and Objectives
This ESMP is a living document that is adapted, updated and improved as the project
progresses. The broad aims of the ESMP are:

    •   Ensuring compliance with national regulatory authority stipulations and guidelines,
        as well as ensuring compliance with the World Bank Environmental and Social
        Framework.

    •   Ensuring that there is sufficient allocation of resources in the project budget so that the
        scale of ESMP-related activities is consistent with the significance of project impacts.

    •   Realising the agreed environmental and social objectives for the Project and verifying
        environmental and social performance through information on impacts as they occur.

    •   Responding to changes in Project implementation not considered in the impact
        assessment process thus far or responding to unforeseen events.

To achieve these objectives, the ESMP contains the following information:

    •   Definition of the environmental and social commitments and mitigation strategy
        identified in the ESIA for construction, inundation and operation phases, and any
        supplementary E&S studies which will be implemented over the lifetime of the Project;

    •   Description of the management actions necessary to implement the commitments and
        mitigation strategy, including the manner in which they will be executed, the schedule,
        the resources and performance indicators.

    •   Description of the means of monitoring and assessing the performance of the social
        and environmental actions, so that they can be adapted and/or improved, plus the
        corresponding documentation.

    •   Definition of responsibilities: organisational structures, roles, communications and
        reporting process required for the implementation of the ESMP.

The implementation of this ESMP will ensure that PLN, contractors, consultants, and their
subsidiaries carry out the construction and operation of the Scheme with due regard for
environmental and social protection and provision.

It will be the responsibility of PLN to ensure the following requirements are met:

   •    Enforce and comply with all relevant environmental and social laws (see Chapter 4).

   •    Fulfill all commitments of the PLN 1040 MW PLTA Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage
        Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 2020.

   •    Fulfill all ANDAL, RKL and RPL commitments in accordance with Indonesian
        Regulations.

   •    Protect the environment and communities around the project.




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021             322
   •   Enforce environmental and social compliance, awareness and understanding among
       employees, contractors, subsidiaries, and consultants, through:

            o   Training and Inductions.

            o   The assignment of roles and responsibilities under this ESMP.

            o   The relationship between environmentally                            and   socially     responsible
                performance and overall performance.

            o   Foster a shared sense of responsibility for environmental and social
                performance among all project participants.

            o   Monitor environmental and social performance and implement continuous
                corrective actions as necessary.

            o   Ongoing interaction with various stakeholders involved in the project.

   •   Communicate regularly with stakeholders, including government agencies and
       regulatory agencies, host communities and interest groups, to report on environmental
       and social performance, regulatory compliance, and project progress, and to
       understand and address stakeholder concerns.

The implementation of the ESMP by PLN and the associated reporting and communication
will provide a mechanism by which government agencies, communities and other
stakeholders can be informed about the project’s environmental and social impact
management and enable participation in these processes. The ESMP provides clarity and
transparency around PLN's plans, responsibilities, legal obligations and targets.


13.3 ESMP Organization and Structure
The ESMP is designed as the main document in the control plan hierarchy during the project
phase (Construction, Inundation, and Operations). The ESMP establishes the environmental
and social management framework that will be applied to the project. The plan covers
Environmental and Social Management Principles, Communication, Reporting, Monitoring
and Review Procedures that all parties must comply with, including the relevant sub-plans.

The UCPS Hydropower ESMP framework for the Project Phase during the Construction,
Inundation, and Operations stages comprises the following sub-plans:

Table 120 Summary of ESMP Sub-plans

 Plan                         Purpose                        Responsibility               Timing
 Contractors’ Environmental   Detailed    processes   and    PLN will approve       and   Cleared prior to contractor
 and Social Management        procedures for management      supervise the CESMP.         mobilization
 Plans (CESMP)                of environmental, social,
                              security, health and safety    Each Contractor for each
                              impacts during construction.   Package will prepare and
                                                             implement their CESMP.

 Social and Community         Aligns      with       ESF     PLN will implement the       Prepared prior to project
 Management Plan              requirements, in particular    SCMP                         appraisal.
                              ESS 2, ESS 4, and ESS 10.




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                323
 Plan                         Purpose                            Responsibility                 Timing
                              Processes and procedures to        The    Contractor      will
                              manage         social      and     implement via their CESMP
                              community issues. Aspect
                              specific plans under the
                              SCMP          are:       Labor
                              Management         Plan    and
                              Grievance               Redress
                              Mechanism for workers.
                              Gender Action Plan. Gender
                              Based Violence, Action Plan
                              (Sexual Exploitation and
                              Abuse/ Sexual Harassment
                              (SEA/AH)) and Violence
                              against children (VAC).
                              Stakeholder Engagement
                              Grievance               Redress
                              Mechanism                    for
                              communities.
                              Influx management.
 Biodiversity   Management    Meet the ESS6 requirements         PLN will implement the         Prepared prior to project
 Plan                         of net gain of critical habitat.   BMP                            appraisal/
                              Manage construction-related                                       BMP and Critical Habitat
                              impacts, direct impacts from       The    Contractor      will    Assessment            for
                              infrastructure footprint and       implement via their CESMP      Transmission Line to be
                              indirect     impacts      from                                    prepared.
                              induced development.
 Reservoir Preparation Plan   Aligns with ESS4, to avoid         PLN will prepare the RPP,      Prepared within two years of
                              damage and impacts on              for implementation by the      the project effective date to
                              households and the wider           selected contractor.           allow all activities to be done
                              community, and ESS6 to                                            prior to inundation.
                              minimize        environmental
                              and biodiversity impacts,
                              and achieve no net loss / net
                              gain, during preparation of
                              the       reservoirs       and
                              inundation.

 Cultural        Heritage     Aligns with ESS8, to avoid         PLN will implement.            Prepared prior to appraisal.
 Management Plan              and protect cultural heritage
                              sites, and respectfully move       The    Contractor      will
                              graves and cultural sites          implement via their CESMP
                              prior to inundation.
 Transmission       Line      Detailed     processes     and     PLN will prepare and           To be completed for bid
 Environmental and Social     procedures for design and          implement the TL ESMP.         documents for design and
 Management Plan              for      management          of                                   construction of the TL.
                              environmental,           social,   The selected contractor will
                              security, health and safety        implement via their CESMP.
                              impacts during construction.
                              construction and operation
                              of the TL.
 Quarry Management Plan       Details the preparation,           Main Contractor, Lot 1a and    Prior to mobilization to site.
                              operation and restoration of       Lot 1b.
                              the Gunung Karang quarry
                              The     plan     details    the    The selected contractor will
                              measures       required      to    prepare and implement via
                              prevent       and       reduce     their CESMP.
                              environmental and social
                              impacts during the operation       PLN will review and
                              of the quarry.                     approve, with the support of
                                                                 the Supervision Engineer.
 Operational Environmental    Detailed    processes  and         PLN will prepare and           At least six months prior to
 and Social Management        procedures      for   flow         implement                      inundation.
 Plan                         management, management
                              of    downstream impacts,
                              biodiversity management,
                              reservoir management, dam




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                          324
 Plan                           Purpose                     Responsibility               Timing
                                safety, and   stakeholder
                                engagement


Any reference to 'ESMP' in this document means all procedures in this document and their
corresponding sub-plans.


13.4 ESMP Roles and Responsibilities
PLN, the Supervision Engineer (ESSHS), Contractors and the Independent Review Panel will
all have the responsibility to supervise, implement, review and/or revise the various sub-
plans, as shown in Table 121.

Table 121 List of Plan, Tasks, Sub-Plans and the Roles and Responsibilities for Supervision, Review,
Revision and Implementation

                                             PLN Project     Supervision
 Plan         Key tasks or sub-plans     Management Team Engineer (ESSHS)            Contractors    Independent
                                           (Environmental                                           Review Panel
                                                Unit)
UCPS Environmental and Social            Preparation and                                            Review and
                                                          Supporting
Management Plan                          Implementation                                             expert advice
                                         Preparation and                                            Review and
        Capacity Training                                    Supporting
                                         Implementation                                             expert advice
                                         Preparation and                                            Review and
        Plan Monitoring and Review                           Supporting
                                         Implementation                                             expert advice
        Communication / Reporting to     Preparation and                                            Review and
                                                             Supporting
        external agencies                Implemnetion                                               expert advice
        Environmental and Social         Preparation and                                            Review and
                                                             Supporting
        Monitoring                       Implementation                                             expert advice
                                                             Technical Review &                     Review of
                                                             Support PLN to                         preparation
Contractors Environmental and Social     Approve                                  Preparation       and
                                                             Approve, and
Management Plan                          Supervision                              Implementation    implementatio
                                                             Supervise
                                                                                                    n
                                                             Contractor
                                                                                  Implementation    Review and
                                         Preparation                              (via CESMP)       expert advice
Reservoir Preparation Plan
                                         Supervision         Supervise
                                                             Contractor
                                                                                                    Review and
                                                                                  Implementation    expert advice
Social and Community Management Plan     Implementation      Supervision of       (via CESMP)
                                                             Contractor
                                                             Supervision of       Implementation    Review and
Cultural Heritage Management Plan        Implementation
                                                             Contractor           (via the CESMP)   expert advice
                                         Implementation      Supervision of       Implementation    Review and
Biodiversity Management Plan                                                                        expert advice
                                                             Contractor           (via the CESMP)

Transmission Line Environmental and      Preparation         Supervision of       Implementation    Review and
Social Management Plan                   Implementation      Contractor           (via the CESMP)   expert advice

                                                             Technical Review &                     Review and
                                                             Support PLN to                         expert advice
                                                                                  Preparation
                                         Approve             Approve
Quarry Environmental Management Plan                                              Implementation
                                         Supervision
                                                                                  (CESMP)
                                                             Supervision of
                                                             Contractor
Operational Environmental and Social                                                                Review and
                                         Preparation
Management Plan                                                                                     expert advice




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                 325
                                            PLN Project      Supervision
 Plan      Key tasks or sub-plans       Management Team    Engineer (ESSHS)      Contractors      Independent
                                          (Environmental                                          Review Panel
                                               Unit)
                                        Implementation




13.5 Impact Mitigation                      Framework            (Environmental                and      Social
     Management Plan)
Mitigation efforts are based on the results of an assessment (evaluation) of the impact of each
parameter in environmental and social aspects. Impact significance results determine whether
an impact needs to be mitigated or not (Table 122). Mitigation is carried out for parameters
that have moderate, major, and critical significance impact.

Table 122. Overview of Impact Significance and related mitigation needs

 Impact Type                        Impact Significance     Mitigation                 Table reference

                                            Construction Stage

 Soil Loss and Productivity                                 Should be mitigated
                                    Moderate                                           Table 47
 Impact Assessment                                          where practicable

 Erosion and Sedimentation of                               Should be mitigated
                                    Moderate                                           Table 48
 Cisokan and Cilenkong Rivers                               where practicable

 Erosion and Sedimentation of                               Should be mitigated
                                    Moderate                                           Table 49
 Cirumamis River                                            where practicable

 Sedimentation    in     Cijambu
                                    Minor                   No action required         Table 50
 River

 River Habitat and Water                                    Mitigation
                                    Minor-Moderate                                     Table 51
 Quality of Cisokan River                                   recommended

 River Habitat and Water                                    Mitigation
                                    Minor-Moderate                                     Table 52
 Quality of Cirumamis River                                 recommended

 River Habitat and Water                                    Mitigation
                                    Minor-Moderate                                     Table 53
 Quality of Cirendeu River                                  recommended

                                                            Must be mitigated to
 Air Quality on Gunung Karang
                                    Major                   reduce    impact  to       Table 54
 Quarry
                                                            Acceptable Level

                                                            Mitigation
 Air Quality on Access Road         Minor-Moderate                                     Table 56
                                                            recommended

 Air    Quality     at     Main                             Mitigation
                                    Minor-Moderate                                     Table 57
 Construction Sites                                         recommended




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                              326
 Impact Type                      Impact Significance    Mitigation                Table reference
                                                         Must be mitigated to
 Noise on      Gunung    Karang
                                  Major                  reduce    impact  to      Table 58
 Quarry
                                                         Acceptable Level

                                                         Should be mitigated
 Noise on Access Road             Moderate                                         Table 60
                                                         where practicable

 Noise at Main Construction                              Should be mitigated
                                  Moderate                                         Table 61
 Sites                                                   where practicable


 Noise on the Transmission Line   Negligible             No action required        Table 62

                                                         Must be mitigated to
 Vibration at Gunung Karang
                                  Major                  reduce    impact  to      Table 64
 Quarry
                                                         Acceptable Level

 Vibration along the Access
                                  Negligible-Minor       No action required        Table 66
 Road

 Vibration       at       Major                          Mitigation
                                  Minor-Moderate                                   Table 69
 Construction Sites                                      recommended

                                                         Must be mitigated    to
 Gunung Karang Quarry Water
                                  Major                  reduce    impact     to   Table 70
 Resource
                                                         Acceptable Level
                                                         Must be mitigated    to
 Population Decline and Threats
                                  Major                  reduce    impact     to   Table 73
 to Protected Wildlife at UCPS
                                                         Acceptable Level

 Land      Acquisition     and                           Should be mitigated
                                  Moderate                                         Table 74
 Resettlement                                            where practicable


 Impact on Livelihood Changes     Major (Neutral)        No action required        Table 75


 Impact on Women          Land
                                  Major (Positive)       No action required        Table 76
 Owners Livelihoods

 Impact     on    Demographic
                                  Negligible (Neutral)   No action required        Table 77
 Changes

 Impact on Income Related to      Minor-Moderate
                                                         No action required        Table 78
 Construction Activities          (Positive)

 Impact of Workers from                                  Must be mitigated    to
 Outside UCPS to Social           Major                  reduce    impact     to   Table 79
 Activities                                              Acceptable Level
                                                         Must be mitigated    to
 Impact on Intangible Cultural
                                  Major                  reduce    impact     to   Table 80
 Heritage
                                                         Acceptable Level




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                  327
 Impact Type                        Impact Significance     Mitigation                Table reference

 Public   Social    Disturbance                             Mitigation
                                    Minor-Moderate                                    Table 81
 around the Project                                         recommended

                                                            Mitigation
 Impact on Traffic Safety           Minor-Moderate                                    Table 82
                                                            recommended

 Impact on Employment and
                                    Major (Positive)        No action required        Table 83
 Business Opportunities

 Impact      on      Community                              Should be mitigated
                                    Moderate                                          Table 84
 Lifestyle, Health and Culture                              where practicable

                                                            Must           identify
 Impact      of       High-Risk                             alternative to reduce
                                    Critical                                          Table 85
 Construction Activities                                    impact to Acceptable
                                                            Level
                                             Impoundment Stage


 Cisokan and Cirumamis River                                Mitigation
                                    Minor-Moderate                                    Table 89
 Flow                                                       recommended

 Habitat       Change        and
                                                            Should be mitigated
 Biodiversity in the Cisokan and    Moderate                                          Table 90
                                                            where practicable
 Cirumamis Rivers
 Draw-Down               Erosion-
 Sedimentation Impact of the        Minor                   No action required        Table 91
 Upper and Lower Dams
                                                            Must be mitigated to
 Reduced Vegetation and Loss
                                    Major                   reduce    impact  to      Table 93
 of Habitat
                                                            Acceptable Level
                                                            Must be mitigated to
 Impact       on       Habitat
                                    Major                   reduce    impact  to      Table 94
 Fragmentation and Barrier
                                                            Acceptable Level
                                                            Must be mitigated    to
 Population Decline and Threats
                                    Major                   reduce    impact     to   Table 95
 to Protected Wildlife
                                                            Acceptable Level
 Interference on the movement                               Must be mitigated    to
 of birds on the Transmission       Major                   reduce    impact     to   Table 96
 Line                                                       Acceptable Level

                                                            Should be mitigated
 Impact on Downstream User          Moderate                                          Table 97
                                                            where practicable

                                                             Must be mitigated to
 Impact     on      Community
                                    Major                    reduce    impact  to     Table 98
 Connectivity (Bridge Access)
                                                             Acceptable Level
                                             Operational Stage


 Erosion and Sedimentation                                   Mitigation
                                    Minor-Moderate                                    Table 101
 Changes in the Cisokan River                                recommended




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                     328
 Impact Type                       Impact Significance     Mitigation             Table reference


 Cisokan River Flow                Minor                   No action required     Table 103


                                   Minor-Moderate
 River Habitat Quality                                     No action required     Table 104
                                   (Neutral)

                                                           Mitigation
 Cisokan River Water Quality       Minor-Moderate                                 Table 105
                                                           recommended

 Land Use Impact from the 500
                                   Negligible              No action required     Table 107
 kV UCPS Transmission Line

 Visual Impact from the 500 kV
                                   Negligible              No action required     Table 108
 UCPS Transmission Line

 Deforestation   and     Forest                            Must be mitigated to
 Degradation           through     Major                   reduce    impact  to   Table 109
 Agricultural Conversion                                   Acceptable Level

 Impact on Wild Animal                                     Mitigation
                                   Minor-Moderate                                 Table 110
 Hunting and Catching                                      recommended

 Impact on Increased Access
                                   Minor                   No action required     Table 111
 and Development

 Occurrence of Electric Shock
                                                           Must be mitigated to
 and Collision Risks to the Wild
                                   Major                   reduce    impact  to   Table 112
 Animals on the Transmission
                                                           Acceptable Level
 Line

 Impact of revegetation      on
                                   Major (Positive)        No action required     Table 113
 buffer areas

 Development Along the Access
                                   Negligible (Positive)   No action required     Table 115
 Road by Immigrants

 Health     Impact        along
                                   Negligible              No action required     Table 116
 Transmission Line

                                                           Must be mitigated to
 Impact      of       High-Risk
                                   Major                   reduce    impact  to   Table 118
 Operational Activities
                                                           Acceptable Level




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                 329
13.6 Environmental and Social Management Mitigation Construction
     Stage
13.6.1 River Habitat and Water Quality

Decreasing water quality and changing river habitats in the Cirumamis, Cirendeu and
Cisokan rivers; especially with regard to increased levels of pollutants from domestic waste
and suspended solids by domestic waste and erosion of land clearing.

Mitigation:

    •   Reducing the discharge of sediment-laden water into water bodies directly without
        treatment at the quarry, upper dam construction sites and lower dam construction
        sites.
    •   Reducing the disposal of domestic waste from worker activities into the Cisokan,
        Cirumamis, and Cireundeu rivers.
    •   Activities of clearing land are carried out systematically by observing the working
        principles in accordance with the established SOP.
    •   Socialization of the domestic waste management program to the community by
        piloting domestic waste management, especially building communal or private toilet
        facilities.

13.6.2 Erosion and Sedimentation

Increase in the amount and rate of erosion has an impact on decreasing water quality and
river habitat quality in the Cisokan River, Cilengkong and Cirumamis River..

Mitigation:

    •   Management of controls to keep soil erosion to a minimum.
    •   Diverting the river flow from the work area within the river, and minimizing the
        amount of work in the river channel.
    •   Reducing intentional dumping of material into waterways.
    •   Promptly restoring work-affected areas with suitable vegetation planting.
    •   If possible, maintaining riparian vegetation as a holding zone to help capture sediment
        before it enters the water body.

13.6.3 Air Quality

Decline in air quality will affect sensitive receptors such people and wildlife. Air quality may
be affected in the form of dust, particulate matter and gas emissions from exhausts. Dust
mainly comes from the use of roads, cleared land and riverbeds in the work area and during
reservoir cleaning, material stockpiling, quarry operations, stone grinding, blasting in
quarries and work sites, and cement manufacturing sites. Particulates (other than dust) and
gas are emitted from vehicles, heavy machinery, diesel generators and asphalt processing
sites.

Impacts on respiratory health of surrounding communities. Impact will be less on workers
who will wear PPE.




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021          330
.

Mitigation:

    •   Setting a schedule for mining activities, vehicle mobilization, and land clearing
        activities.
    •   Using tools, machines, and vehicles that meet emissions standards.
    •   Firmly securing loads on transport trucks to avoid spilled material along the road.
    •   Performing regular watering on roads that will be traversed by material transportation
        from the quarry to the activity location, especially roads near residential areas.
    •   Concrete collection plants and equipment that contributes to particulate pollution,
        should be located as far away from the settlements as possible.

13.6.4 Noise

Increased noise from 1) Gunung Karangmining, crushing and use of heavy vehicles at the
Gunung Karang quarry site, 2) the main road from the quarry to the main construction site,
3) construction activities of the upper weir, lower weirs and other supporting facilities, and 4)
mobilization activities tools and materials in the construction of the 500 kV transmission line
tower.

Mitigation:

    •   Using a dampening barrier in the quarry environment of Gunung Karang
    •   Socialize activities to the community
    •   Turn off vehicles and equipment when not in use
    •   Set a schedule of use of vehicles and heavy equipment to limit numbers at any given
        time.
    •   Set the time for activities at locations close to the receptors, such as settlements, access
        roads, and public infrastructure.

13.6.5 Vibration

Increased noise from 1) mining, crushing and use of heavy vehicles at the Gunung Karang
quarry site, 2) the main road from the quarry to the main construction site, 3) construction
activities of the upper weir, lower weirs and other supporting facilities, and 4) mobilization
activities tools and materials in the construction of the 500 kV transmission line tower

Mitigation:

    •   Carry out blasting activities at the Gunung Karang quarry, tunnel portals and lower
        dam location in accordance with the established standard operational procedures..
    •   Carry out the socialization of the affected communities.
    •   Set the operating time of all machines and vehicles that generate vibrations.
    •   Use of a list of complaints and procedures for dealing with problems as they arise.

13.6.6 Biodiversity Impacts from the Reservoirs and Access Road

A Biodiversity Management Plan (BMP) has been prepared to manage the direct and indirect
impacts of the Cisokan hydropower project on the condition of biodiversity and for the



Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021              331
maintenance of project-affected areas. This BMP updates and supersedes the previous BMP
publicly disclosed in 2011 as a sub-plan to the ESMP, as well as the BMP prepared but not
published in 2015.

Integrated Catchment Management through a Forest Partnership Framework aims to offset
impacts by reforesting a connected (agro-)forest landscape across 3,800 ha of land around the
UCPS reservoirs and project facilities. The 3,800 ha of restoration aims to provide a net positive
gain, offsetting the 500 ha of direct impacts and the 2,629 ha of indirect impacts, or 1,867 ha
under the counterfactual scenario. The net positive gain targeted from the biodiversity offset
against the counterfactual scenario is estimated at 3,800 ha – 500 ha (direct impacts) – 2,629 ha
(indirect impacts) + 762 ha (counterfactual loss) = 1,433 ha over a 30-year time frame. It
simultaneously aims to restore the terrestrial biodiversity component by significantly
increasing ecological connectivity among forest areas, benefiting species that trigger the
Critical Habitat criteria, such as Slow Loris and Grizzled Leaf Monkey, and the aquatic habitat
by improving ecological conditions alongside tributaries flowing into the reservoirs and
through improved fish management. The restoration and offsetting strategies aim to fulfil
socio-economic objectives through the development of financially viable social forestry and
agroforestry programs. These aim to restore original agroforestry-based land uses in the UCPS
area that provide communities with improved income and reduce ecologically damaging land
practices, such as open field agricultural on steep slopes.

The BMP provides practical guidance for reducing threats to biodiversity where practical, to
manage identified risks, to engage with communities and stakeholders, and to pro-actively
support the development of knowledge in biodiversity conservation using the ESS 6
mitigation hierarchy. Through this BMP, the aim is to engage with biodiversity professionals,
government, the community, non-government organizations (NGOs), researchers and
appropriate individuals to achieve a high standard of biodiversity and conservation
management.

The Biodiversity Management Plan is implemented through an Integrated Catchment
Management (ICM) approach that simultaneously addresses biodiversity, environmental and
social aspects of landscape management. It provides a sound rationale for a range of actions
that focus on:

    •   Construction-related impact mitigation and management;
    •   Reforestation and forest management;
    •   Wildlife management;
    •   Stakeholder participation; and
    •   Community engagement.

Within the project area of influence the BMP goals are:

    •   To achieve net gain of Critical Habitat and Natural Habitat.
    •   To protect and enhance the remnant forest communities (both the habitat and wildlife)
        to create a self-sustaining ecosystem.
    •   To protect and increase the populations of critically endangered and endangered
        species so that they are self-sustaining.




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021            332
    •   To take into account the ongoing threats to biodiversity conservation from the
        community and rural development in the selection and implementation of
        conservation strategies.
    •   To create a common understanding amongst stakeholders and the community about
        the biodiversity values and threats.

This plan provides clear guidance on how to protect and restore habitats and to protect and
manage endangered species in the project area of influence. The approach is based on
adaptive management, requiring continuous monitoring of success. Depending on the on-
going achievements or setbacks in the field, the plan is flexible and allows changes to the basic
approach.

The ICM approach aims to deliver sustainable land and resource use outcomes for Upper
Cisokan area, and with that develop a “Green Dam”. The ICM Plan will be developed and
implemented in parallel with the site-based conservation programs that focus more on the
areas directly impacted by project development. The challenges to maintain Cisokan’s highly
threatened wildlife are large. A well-funded and executed, politically supported ICM
approach is key to the long-term survival of these species.

Detailed mitigation measures are presented in the BMP Action Plan 2020 document,
demonstrating that there are several mitigation strategies that need to be carried out at the
construction stage, including:

1. Reducing Fragmentation and Loss of Habitat

    •   Prior to construction starting in any area, survey and clearly mark the BIAs (Working
        Zone 1) and any areas in Working Zone 2 or 3 confirmed for reforestation by the
        PLN/Perhutani PKS with tags/markers at least 1 month before.
    •   Agreement for BIA (and blocks in Working Zone 2 and 3) management in accordance
        with the BMP is required from Perhutani under the MOU and PKS agreement process.
        Shapefiles of the boundaries of BIAs need to be uploaded onto Geographic Positioning
        Systems (GPS) and used in the field to work out exactly where these boundaries are
        and where the physical markers that demarcate the boundary should be placed.
    •   Actions 1 and 2 are to be repeated for any new areas in Working Zone 2 and 3
        confirmed for reforestation by the PLN/ Perhutani PKS during the period of
        Construction, where the land is at risk from impact from construction activities and /
        or encroachment.
    •   Implement the land clearing SOP during any necessary works with in the BIA.
    •   Provide features such as tunnels or rope bridges along temporary roads to enable
        wildlife movement and to reduce potential traffic incidents.

Slope stabilization and revegetation will be implemented in areas disturbed for project
construction. Specific guidance on this is provided in the SOP for Land Clearing and
Rehabilitation, including methods for establishing and maintaining tree nurseries (Appendix
7 of the BMP):

        1. Along the road between km 13 to km 22, especially in degraded road side areas,
           perennials plants should planted, from the “support zone type”.




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021           333
        2. In areas close to settlements, reforestation of the road cuttings will be done with
           plants that are beneficial to the community (non-timber benefits). These could
           include plants from the “support zone type” or “agroforestry type”. Final plant
           species selection depends on preferences from the communities for particular
           species, the extent to which these species would be used by local wildlife (and thus
           provide a possible of human-wildlife conflict), and their value for wildlife.
        3. Along steep areas adjacent to the road between km 22 and km 25 native shrubs
           and trees should be planted. In addition to functioning for habitat enrichment,
           planting the shrubs and trees also aims to stabilize slopes and provide wildlife
           habitat. Prior to planting, terracing should be considered, also in reference to slope
           stabilization.
        4. In soil disposal areas, dam sides and around main buildings, revegetation is
           required to stabilize soils. Consultation with communities and other stakeholders
           should determine what type of plants should be used for revegetation. This
           component will be further developed by PLN, once locally optimal and jointly
           agreed trade-off solutions have been developed between the social, economic and
           environmental objectives of the area’s management.
        5. Manage the UPK nursery to supply the type of plants and the volume of plants
           needed for road and construction site landscaping, as recommended in the
           planting list. Plants need to be supplied in a timely manner to avoid excessive time
           periods of soil exposure. Plant seeds, seedlings and saplings need to be collected
           during land clearing, and maintained in tree nursery areas before being used to
           restore the area. Plants can be sourced from other nurseries as required.
        6. Contractor’s landscape plan to be consistent with the BMP.

2. Access Control

    •   Create guard post on access and inspections roads near residential areas such as
        Cipateungteung and Datarmala, and near protected forest areas such as Gowek forest
        and the Japarana and Walet waterfalls.
    •   Perform routine surveillance inspections on roads and in BIAs with the cooperation of
        local landowners in order to remove traps and deter hunting, logging and removal of
        plants. These activities should initially focus on the area directly impacted by
        development, where PLN has legal ownership.
    •   Install and maintain signs banning the use of roads by unauthorized people.
    •   Install and maintain signs banning hunting, snaring, and other activities that could
        harm protected wildlife, particularly near BIA and Working Zones.

3. Fire Management

    •   Project workers are prohibited from making fires for cooking, burning trash, or
        campfire except within the base camp or other locations specified by the Contractors’
        Environmental Manager or PLN. Prohibit careless disposal of cigarette butts.
    •   A firefighter team is formed by the Contractors to fight fires when these do occur.
    •   Fire risk factors within the vicinity of the site need to be identified and monitored, e.g.
        proximity to active slash-and-burn clearing for cultivation by local communities.



Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021             334
    •   Fire breaks shall be established around areas of potential high fire risk, e.g. the camp
        and offices.
    •   Education and awareness raising of local communities with regard to fire management
        and prevention, and collaborative approaches to multi-objective management of areas
        that targets both increased community incomes and more permanent tree cover (and
        reduced fire use) on the area’s slopes. (Community engagement to occur in an
        integrated way with other UCPS programs (such as social mapping, project
        consultation etc.).


4. Management of Traffic Impacts on Wildlife

    •   Information campaigns to explain to drivers about the biodiversity management
        objectives that seek to avoid wildlife collisions and disturbance, including:
    •   Explanations of the kind of animals likely to be encountered on roads (snakes,
        nocturnal wildlife etc.), and the appropriate action to be taken to avoid road kills.
    •   The importance of adhering to local vehicle speed limits, and the consequences of not
        doing so.
    •   The need to report when animals have been hit, and clarity about where these reports
        are kept and who they need to be reported to.
    •   Install and maintain signs in areas of frequent wildlife crossings, saying "beware of
        animal crossing" (complete with pictures of animals).
    •   Develop a system in which drivers report locations of wildlife crossing and wildlife
        sightings.
    •

6. Stakeholder participation and community engagement

    •   Revise current MOU with Perhutani and develop new agreement that targets
        landscape level reforestation
    •   Engage an ICM Facilitation Team
    •   Develop and implement effective stakeholder engagement, especially with
        communities whose livelihoods will change with increasing forest cover in the area.
    •   Work with the resettlement team, PEMDA and village communities in a participatory
        way to find solutions to resettlement that avoid conflicts with the BMP and to enhance
        any opportunities to improve land use, land cover etc. in a way that meets the goals
        and actions of the BMP.
    •   Facilitate the opportunities for income from the reforestation process: plant material
        collection, tree nursery management and / or tree planting contracts.
    •   Work with communities to identify keen groups or individuals to work with Perhutani
        on forest patrolling activities.

13.6.7 Access to water Sources in Quarry Gunung Karang

The loss of drinking water or other domestic water supply sources in the Gunung Karang
quarry is possible due to andesite mining activities.

Mitigation:




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021          335
Provision of clean water through drilling wells or other communal water supply models
(embung) for the communities around the Gunung Karang quarry.

13.6.8 Process and Impact of Resettlement

The impact of the resettlement process and supporting facilities at Kp. Cangkuang,
Bojongsalam Village, Jolok Block, Cicadas Village, Kp. Pasirlaja Sukaresmi Village, Santik
Block, Bojongsalam Village and Pasirjegud Kp. Tapos Sukaresmi Village.

The LARAP Implementation Review (2021), found that 66% of the households, that had
relocated, already owned their residential land. The results of the pre-and post-resettlement
condition assessment survey show that households have increased the area of residential land
and building area. This indicates better living conditions, especially for respondents affected
by inundation who have moved. Most PAPs have larger buildings than before resettlement.
The PAPs have also benefited from the construction of new roads, and livelihood
restoration/economic recovery program have improved both quality of life and facilitated
opportunities for growth.

Mitigation:

Monitoring and evaluating whether the construction process at the resettlement site is in
accordance with the plan. The project will look to improve LARAP management, finalize PAP
relocation and rehabilitation, improve stakeholder engagement (especially for women),
establish the GRM, and complete its commitments towards improving community
infrastructure. Further details are provided in the LARAP IR.

13.6.9 Livelihood Change

There was a slight shift in the livelihood for a number of residents during construction
activities.

Mitigation:

    1. Involving local workers in project implementation, especially for affected
       communities.
    2. Use of cooperatives and monitoring to ensure that projects run smoothly.

13.6.10 Risk of Labor from Outside the Project Area (Labor Influx)

Workers from outside the project area, such as contract workers, will come to the project area
which may impact on the community, especially in community social activities during the
construction process. Table 123 summarizes the key labor risk and mitigation measures
covered in the LMP. Further details on gender impacts from labor influx and mitigation
measures can be found in the GAP and GBVAP in the SCMP.

Mitigation:

    1. Control over worker behavior
    2. Implement camp management for workers




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021         336
    3. Develop a workforce recruitment system starting from the number of labor
       requirements, the required criteria, the transparency of the admissions pathway and
       the form of employee acceptance tests.

Table 123. Key Labor Risk Assessment and Mitigation Measures

 Risks                                                           Mitigation measures

 OHS risk is high due to physical hazards associated with        OHS training, provisions of Protective Personal
 demolition, reconstruction and construction and low             Equipment (PPE) and oversight as further
 awareness/experience/capacity                   amongst         defined in the LMP
 employers/workers to identify and manage risks.

 Child labor/risk of underage labor (under 15) is considered     Codes of Conduct and age requirements for
 low. Participation of youth labor (15-17 years) is likely and   workforce to be incorporated in bidding
 there is a risk that they may be involved in in hazardous       documents and worker contracts, labor
 work or experience interruption of education.                   supervision as further defined in the LMP

 Use of third-party contractors, primary suppliers may           Inclusion of primary supplier requirements in
 present OHS risks. Nevertheless, the project’s leverage to      bidding documents and contracts, labor
 enforce corrective actions on these types of workers may be     supervision as further defined in the LMP
 limited.

 A small/light security team will be stationed at the site to    The security team will be trained on Codes of
 guard the area.                                                 Conduct, including GBV issues.

 The influx of workers and service providers into                Construction workforce management as
 communities may increase the rate of crimes and/or a            defined in the CESMP, including provisions of
 perception of insecurity by the local community. Such           health, recreational facilities, and other basic
 illicit behavior or crimes can include theft, physical          services, labor supervision and contracting
 assaults, substance abuse, prostitution and human               requirements (i.e. Codes of Conduct, GBV)
 trafficking. Local law enforcement may not be sufficiently
 equipped to deal with the temporary increase in local
 population.

 The presence of construction workers and service providers      As above
 (and in some cases family members of either or both) can
 generate additional demand for the provision of public
 services, such as water, electricity, and medical services.
 This is particularly the case when the influx of workers is
 not accommodated by additional or separate supply
 systems.

 The influx of people may bring communicable diseases to         OHS and communicable health awareness
 the project area, including sexually transmitted diseases       training, labor supervision, provisions of
 (STDs). Incoming workers may be exposed to diseases to          recreational activities and work-life balance
 which they have low resistance, particularly in the post-       arrangements
 disaster context. This can result in an additional burden on
 local health resources. Workers with health concerns            Further details on gender impacts and
 relating to substance abuse, mental health issues, or STDs      mitigation measures can be found in the GAP
 may not wish to visit the project’s medical facility, and       and GBVAP in the SCMP.
 instead go anonymously to local medical providers;
 thereby placing further stress on local resources. Local
 health and rescue facilities may also be overwhelmed
 and/or ill-equipped to address the industrial accidents that
 may occur.




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                            337
 Separation from families especially among construction         As above and codes of conduct in work
 workers who are away from home for construction jobs           contracts, GBV/SEA awareness to both workers
 may encourage undesired behaviors, such as exploitative        and local communities
 sexual relations, and illicit sexual relations with minors
 from the local community.

 Delivery of supplies for construction workers and the          Traffic management as further defined in the
 transportation of workers can lead to an increase in traffic   ESMP
 and a rise in accidents.




 Labor influx may lead to temporary local price hikes and/or    On-going monitoring as part of the E&S
 crowding out of community consumers.                           monitoring plan.




13.6.11 Cultural Heritage

There are cultural relics such as private graves and religious buildings within the project area
which should also be respected and protected during reservoir construction and preparation.

Mitigation:

    1. Implement Cultural Heritage Management Plan and procedures.
    2. Conduct consultations with the community regarding cultural objects around the
       project
    3. Monitoring of cultural objects during construction activities to minimize damage or
       loss of cultural objects. For example, building fences around cultural objects.
    4. Intangible cultural heritage requires the preparation of a conservation plan for
       customary values

13.6.12 Social Disturbance from Communities around the Project

Cisokan Hydropower development activities generated a public perception related to the
impact. The predominant problems or negative perceptions expressed by residents included
the process of land acquisition, labor recruitment, compensation for community comfort,
health, explosion disturbances, cracks in houses, absence of electricity, unsuitable SPPT value
and unpaid remaining land.

Mitigation:

    1. Periodic socialization of the activities to be carried out by PLN in community areas.
    2. Tabulate PLN activities along with time, target completion, and person in charge so
       that the information is easily accessed and interpreted by the community.

13.6.13 Traffic Safety

The traffic during the construction process will be very high, especially due to the
mobilization of heavy vehicles from the quarry to the main construction site.

Mitigation:




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                       338
To anticipate the impact on traffic safety mitigation measures were integrated into the design
of the road upgrades such as road signs in key areas such as schools, villages and intersections;
and pathways for pedestrians, such as sidewalks and zebra crossings. In addition, there are
several things that still need to be developed into the structure and safety design of access
road users, which include:

    1. Warning signs for all connecting roads, to warn traffic users that there are heavy
       vehicles on the access road.
    2. Provide noise suppression in schools and mosques.
    3. Ensure adequate road turns for heavy vehicles, and increase visibility at turns and
       intersections by installing mirrors.

Traffic management will be a major part of the Construction Environmental and Social
Management Plan. Heavy vehicle traffic cannot be reduced, but still managed. Management
options include:

    1. Limit construction vehicle traffic during the hours that children travel to and from
       school, and provide traffic management to direct traffic during these hours.
    2. Very large / heavy vehicles require an escort vehicle.
    3. Adding safety signs for access roads at fixed intervals.
    4. Outreach programs for students and the community.
    5. Informing the public about regular traffic movements.
    6. Driver outreach program.
    7. Recording of complaints and plans for their implementation.

Consideration of road design, heavy traffic restrictions and management, and extension
programs, which will contribute to safer roads, minimizing potential risks to road users.

13.6.14Occupational Health and Safety

Significant harm is anticipated based on the risky nature of the workplace and tasks.

Mitigation:

    1. Focus on identifying and managing risks for every task.
    2. Ensuring Contractors prepare comprehensive risk assessments, risk registers and use
       the risk management hierarchy in their approach.
    3. Ensure adequate training, supervision, record keeping, evaluation and review of
       health and safety management and incidents.


The detailed environmental and social management and monitoring plans during
construction will be documented in the C-ESMP document.


13.7 Environmental and Social Management Mitigation Inundation
     Stage
13.7.1 Changes in River Flow Habitat and Biodiversity

Changes in river flow habitat and biodiversity due to damming of river flow.


Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021           339
Mitigation:

    •   The e-flow regime as detailed in Section 12.2.1 to be implemented, which will allow
        for natural flow fluctuations downstream in the Cisokan River and maintenance of
        natural downstream flow in the Cirumamis River.
    •   Inundation to occur in the wet season only (December to May) to maximise the water
        available to fill the reservoirs and reduce the risks of significant downstream
        dewatering.
    •   Avoid 'flat lining' of the Cisokan River flow by constant minimum flow flow, the upper
        dam bottom valve which will be regulated periodically (for at least 10-14 days, and if
        possible along with new flows or floods), to increase discharge to maximum capacity
        0.96 m3/s outlet for periods lasting at least two days. This will "flush" the river, and
        minimize the risk of drying out the riparian habitat or the formation of algae growth.
        This water will be collected in the lower reservoir so that there is no reduction of water
        in the Pumped Storage system by this flow regulation.
    •   Open the bottom outlet of the lower reservoir periodically (at least 10 - 14 days and if
        possible in conjunction with new flows or flooding) to increase discharge to a
        maximum outlet capacity of 13 m3 / s, during a period lasting at least one day, to
        'refresh' river.
    •   Monitoring the quality of water, fish and river habitats will be carried out before filling
        and during filling to determine the impact and changes to the residual flow rates if
        needed.
    •   Coordination with the Cihea Irrigation Scheme to ensure that their irrigation water
        needs during the wet season are achieved, even if this results in a slower filling time
        for the UCPS.
    •   Flow management, water quality monitoring and habitat during inundation will be
        documented in the Reservoir Preparation Plan and the Operational Environmental
        and Social Management Plan. With these efforts, the potential impacts on river
        biodiversity can be minimized.

13.7.2 Erosion and Sedimentation in Upper Dam and Lower Dam

Erosion and Sedimentation in Upper Dam and Lower Dam resulting from inundation
processes.

Mitigation:

Clearing the soil surface and strengthening receding land with vegetation in the inundated
area before the inundation process is carried out.

13.7.3 Downstream Users of the Cisokan River

The potential for reduced water flow flowing to downstream users from the lower dam.

Mitigation:

The inundation process is carried out in accordance with the e-flow regime detailed in Section
4.6. Consultation to be carried out with the Cihea Irrigation Scheme members prior to and
during the inundation period.




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021             340
13.7.4 Community Connectivity (Bridge Access)

The bridge that passes through the lower reservoir (near the Jolok block resettlement and
Gunung Batu), if the connecting bridge between the Jolok block resettlement to the Margaluyu
village (Cianjur Regency) is submerged; the community only has an access road to Rongga
District meaning that travel to Cianjur Regency takes a longer.

Mitigation:

Construction of alternative roads or replacement bridges


13.8 Environmental and Social Management Mitigation Operational
     Stage
13.8.1 Hydrology, River Flow Discharge, and Water Availability for UCPS
       Downstream Users

Changes in discharge patterns and flood frequency in the downstream UCPS area.

Mitigation:

    1. Ensure procedures for the implementation of consultations with downstream users,
       regarding changes in flow to downstream areas, are carried out.
    2. Follow the e-flow regime as detailed in Section 12.2.
    3. Coordinating with the Cisokan Weir Manager (Cisuru Weir) to regulate the water
       discharge that will be used for UCPS operations and the water needs of the Cihea
       irrigation area.
    4. Monitor the upstream discharge of the Upper Cisokan Hydroelectric Power Plant (on
       the Cirumamis and Cisokan Rivers) and the water levels in both reservoirs
       continuously. Monitoring stations should be installed as quickly as possible to ensure
       reliable data records.
    5. Use daily water flow monitoring data to adjust the operation of bottom outlet valves
       on both dams so that the outflow equals the inflow, minus the water that is stored to
       replace evaporated water.
    6. Channel water for the lower reservoir to the top of the upper reservoir during times
       of low flow, to ensure that the natural flow regime (where inlet discharge equals
       outflow) is maintained at all times.
    7. Surveying the low-flow conditions of the Cirumamis and Cisokan Rivers, to
       understand the potential impact of biodiversity on further reduction of wetlands
       during the dry season. Consider monitoring results to adapt the e-flow regime set new
       minimum future flows if relevant.
    8. Operate emergency flood procedures to minimize downstream risks.
    9. Providing education to downstream users regarding the potential for reducing the
       amount of flood flow, flood emergency procedures, and low flow conditions.

13.8.2 River Habitat, Erosion and Sedimentation

The upper and lower reservoirs will trap sediment in the dead storage area over its lifetime.
The nature and scale of impacts within the reservoir and downstream in the Cisokan River



Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021       341
may be significant but are yet to be quantified. Downstream there may be changes in erosion
and sedimentation patterns which could affect land adjacent to the rivers and could change
flood risk.

Mitigation:

    1. Assessing the nature and scale of impacts from reduced sediment load in the Cisokan
       River, proposed sediment management in the lower reservoir and appropriate
       mitigation measures. This requires analysis of the proposed sediment management,
       surveys of baseline riverbed and bank and modelling of the likely changes in bedload,
       erosion potential and the identification of ‘hotspots’ or risk areas for erosion and
       deposition of sediment.
    2. Implementing the outputs and recommendations as part of reservoir and river
       management.

13.8.3 River Water Quality

Decreasing water quality and changing river habitat in the Cisokan river, especially with
respect to increased levels of contaminants from domestic waste and suspended solids.

Mitigation:

    1. Clearing of vegetation, removing pollutants and other reservoir preparation activities
    2. Stabilization of potential landslide zones, prior to inundation, to minimize sediment
       contribution.
    3. Replant secondary forest in greenbelt areas, reducing the potential and impact of
       discharge from settlements and agriculture along the coast of each reservoir.
    4. Constant inflow and outflow of water through both reservoirs, reducing water quality
       problems associated with stagnant water.
    5. Prohibition of fishing activities in the reservoir, eliminating nutrients due to leftover
       fish feed so that water quality problems get better.
    6. The daily displacement of water from the upper and lower reservoirs will lead to
       aeration of water, reduce storage time and prevent oxygen and temperature
       stratification in both reservoirs.
    7. Regulations regarding sanitation, reducing (at least in the short term) the human
       population in the watershed and reducing the use of rivers for toilets should result in
       reduced waste of fecal coliforms, E. coli and metals such as zinc and copper.

13.8.4 Land Use Changes in Transmission Line 500 kV Corridor

Changes in land use in the corridor of the 500kV transmission line have led to changes in
surface runoff, erosion-sedimentation, food reserves, feed supply and timber potential.

Mitigation:

Changes in land use, in the corridor of the 500kV SUTET line, have led to changes in surface
runoff, erosion-sedimentation, changes in food reserves, feed supply and timber potential.

13.5.7 Impact of Transmission Line on Public Perception




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021          342
The public is worried about the impact that will be caused by the existence of the SUTET and
the cable network between the routes.

Mitigation:

Conducting intensive outreach to the public regarding the extent of the impact caused by the
transmission line.

13.8.5 Electric and Magnetic Fields (EMF) of the Transmission Line

There is a potential impact on people living or working near the transmission network in the
form of electric and magnetic fields from the transmission network, which can have an impact
on health or cause damage to electrical equipment.

Mitigation:

    1. Public awareness schemes providing information about the impact of transmission
       lines on health.
    2. Checking the amount of electromagnetic radiation regularly along the transmission
       line.

13.8.6 Biodiversity Impact Mitigation of the Transmission Infrastructure

Impacts from transmission infrastructure will be mitigated through the mitigation hierarchy
with a focus on avoidance (especially of collision and electrocution risk), mitigation (especially
of habitat fragmentation effects), and offsetting of residual impacts. The risks for biodiversity
from the transmission line remains poorly understood and follow up studies are required tp
qualify and quantify risks and develop appropriate mitigation actions. Key actions based on
transmission line risks from other parts in the world include the following. Their relevance
for the UCPS project needs to be determined in a separate Biodiversity Management Plan for
the Transmission Lines, but are discussed here to provide PLN with a basis for designing
mitigation strategies:

    •   Bring line design in line with avian-safe structures, using appropriate horizonal and
        vertical cable spacing
    •   Insulate energized parts
    •   Apply anti-perch structures
    •   Create canopy bridges where mammal mortalities occur
    •   Wire-marking to avoid collisions
    •   Monitoring of animal fatalities by checking along entire length of transmission lines
    •   Surveillance of inspection roads, protected BIA and Working zones for poaching,
        hunting, timber harvesting etc. with the cooperation of local landowner
    •   Install and maintain signs banning hunting, snaring and other activities that could
        harm protected wildlife,
    •   Community consultation regarding conservation, and risks of encroachment and over
        exploitation of forest resources
    •   Offsetting strategy to compensate for forest habitat losses of species that trigger
        Critical Habitat




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021            343
13.8.6.1 Mitigating animal electrocution

Reducing power line electrocutions is a raptor conservation priority worldwide. The best
strategy is to bury the power lines underground, but this is estimated to be significantly more
expensive than above-ground infrastructure, especially for high voltage lines (Prinsen et al.
2012). If burying power lines is not an option, physical separation between distribution
structures that prevents animals from touching two structures simultaneously is a key
mitigation strategy. APLIC (2006) recommends a minimum of 152 horizontal centimeters (cm)
and 102 vertical cm of separation between phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground contacts in
the vicinity of a likely perch. Structures meeting APLIC’s recommendations for raptors are
described as “avian friendly.” Above 230kV, engineering considerations usually dictate
operational safety clearances that exceed recommended avian spacing recommendations
(MWH and Stantec 2018).

Retrofitting for avian-safe structures can include one or more of the following strategies
(APLIC 2006):

    1. Line design or configuration: Increasing separations to achieve adequate separation
       for the species at risk. When the power line is located within the distribution area of
       large raptors or storks, this distance should be increased to 1.4 m;
    2. Insulation: Covering conducting elements and/or covering grounded parts with
       materials appropriate for providing incidental contact protection to birds. It is best to
       use suspended insulators and vertical disconnectors. If upright insulators or
       horizontal disconnectors are present, these should be covered. The height of insulated
       chains should be more than 0.70 m;
    3. Applying perch management techniques: Avian electrocution risk is lower for
       transmission structures than distribution poles because engineering requirements
       necessitate larger clearances (APLIC 2006). For transmission lines, APLIC (2006)
       recommends an additional 0.5 cm of separation for each additional 1kV over 60kV.
       Transmission line ratings reflect the phase-to-phase voltage differential; the phase-to-
       ground voltage differential is smaller. The phase-to-ground voltage can be calculated
       by dividing the line voltage by the square root of three (1.732) and should be used to
       determine the appropriate phase-to-ground clearance for transmission lines (MWH
       and Stantec 2018).

An additional key mitigation measure to prevent primate electrocution is permanent
insulation of the wires (Lokschin et al. 2007). While this requires additional investment from
the power company, it avoids expensive power outages when animal electrocution causes
short-circuits. The following structures require different insulation measures (Prinsen et al.
2012):

    •   Terminal structures - All terminal structures should be constructed with sufficient
        insulation on jumper wires and surge arrestors.
    •   Strain structures (where jumpers are used) - At least two jumper wires should be
        suspended below the cross-arm, and the third jumper insulated. Alternatively, all
        jumpers should be insulated.
    •   Take-off structures - Switches should be designed so that perching by birds on switch
        gears is unlikely, and/or all dangerous components are insulated. Switch gears should
        be mounted below the cross-arm. Alternatively, insulated perch sites are installed well
        above the switch gear over the whole length of the transmission line.



Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021          344
    •   Intermediate structures with horizontal configuration of lines - Large enough to
        accommodate the wingspan of the largest perching bird species in the country, if all
        three phases are above the cross-arm. Alternatively, two outer conductors should be
        suspended below cross-arm.
    •   Intermediate structures with vertical or ‘delta’ configuration of lines - Large enough
        to accommodate the ‘tip-of-toe to tip-of-beak or outstretched wing’ or ‘head-to-foot’
        dimension of largest animal species present (leopard).

Anti-perch devices can be useful to prevent birds from perching and potentially getting
electrocuted, but they need to be carefully positioned and shaped so that they do not force
birds to perch even closer to energized parts. Alternatively, if many birds are attracted to the
nesting opportunities provided by transmission towers, and removal of such nests is costly,
the provision of artificial nests has shown to be a cost-effective way to reduce natural nests
(natural nests decay quickly and can cause short circuits) (Shimbun 2017).

Furthermore, maintenance of natural canopy bridges, and the preparation of artificial canopy
bridges over the roads and over or under electric power supply lines could further minimize
mortality of primates and other arboreal mammals in forest patches (Lokschin et al. 2007, Al-
Razi et al. 2019). This requires regular patrolling of transmission line routes to look for
electrocuted animals and determine whether alternative crossing structures such as canopy
bridges could guide animals away from transmission infrastructure. Community monitoring
along powerlines further helps identify electrocution hotspots, so that mitigation measures
(e.g., arboreal bridges) can be spatially applied (Lokschin et al. 2007).

13.8.6.2 Mitigation of Bird Collision

Although different bird species fly at different heights above the ground, there is general
consensus that the lower power line cables are to the ground, the better for preventing bird
collision. There is also consensus that less vertical separation of cables is preferred as it poses
less of an ‘obstacle’ for birds to collide with Error! Reference source not found.). Horizontal s
eparation of conductors is therefore preferred (Prinsen et al. 2012).




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021             345
Figure 125. A 400 kV line, with all conductor wires in the same horizontal plane. This picture also
demonstrates the almost invisible thin earth wire (black arrow) in top (Photo: EWT-WEP) (Prinsen
et al. 2012).

The most frequently used measure is wire-marking, which alerts birds to the presence of
power lines and provides them with more time to avoid the collision (Janss 2000). Since the
assumption is that birds collide with overhead cables because they cannot see them, fitting
the cables with devices to make them more visible to birds in flight has become the preferred
mitigation option worldwide. Besides thickening, coating or colouring the often least visible,
thin ground wires, a wide range of potential ‘line marking’ devices have been developed,
including: spheres, swinging plates, spiral vibration dampers, strips, bird flappers, aerial
marker spheres, ribbons, tapes, flags, fishing floats, aviation balls and crossed bands. There is
generally a lack of quality evaluative research of the effectiveness of these devices at the
international level, but the evidence to date suggests generally positive results (Prinsen et al.
2012). Jenkins et al. (2010) conclude that, barring some notable exceptions, “any sufficiently
large form of marker (which thickens the appearance of the line at that point by at least 20 cm,
over a length of at least 10-20 cm), placed with sufficient regularity (at least every 5-10 m) on
either the ground wires (preferably) or the conductors, is likely to lower general collision rates
by 50-80%”. Barrientos et al. (2011), who reviewed 21 wire-marking studies, similarly
conclude that wire marking reduced bird mortality by 55-94%.

13.8.6.3 Mitigating Habitat Loss and Fragmentation from Transmission Line

The key mitigation strategies that compensate for the direct and indirect impacts to Critical
Habitats are:

    1. Reducing impacts from forest fragmentation, unauthorized and illegal land clearing
       away from the road, and illegal hunting.
    2. Offsetting the areas directly and indirectly affected by transmission line infrastructure
       to ensure net gain for the habitat of Critically Endangered species, following ESS6.



Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021              346
Where the transmission line passes through Perhutani land, the collaboration between PLN
and Perhutani through the renewed PKS should ensure that Perhutani, as the legal authority
for these forest areas, implements actions that prevent illegal logging and hunting, including
the placement of signposts, patrolling of forest edges and areas, community outreach, and law
enforcement.

13.8.7 Reforestation, Ecological Connectivity and Forest Management

PLN has prepared the Biodiversity Management Plan (BMP) to manage the direct and indirect
impacts of the Cisokan Hydropower project on the condition of biodiversity, and for the
maintenance of project-affected areas. Integrated management of biodiversity has been
applied in areas known as Restoration Areas, which include 15 Biodiversity Important Areas
(BIAs), six corridors and buffer zones. The establishment of a restoration area will have an
impact on the livelihoods of the local population due to restricted access to these areas.
Therefore, an agreement must be made on a 'middle ground' to compromise biodiversity
conservation efforts with controlled access for local people to support their livelihoods.

The BMP document provides practical guidance in several ways including reducing threats
to biodiversity, managing identified risks, involving communities and stakeholders,
organizing related institutions that aim to manage restoration areas collaboratively, pro-
actively supporting the development of knowledge about conservation of biodiversity.

The objectives of the BMP are as follows:

    1. To protect and enhance the remaining forest communities (both in terms of habitat
       and wildlife), so as to form an independent ecosystem.
    2. To protect and increase the population of endangered.
    3. To take into account ongoing threats to biodiversity conservation, from communities
       and village development, in the selection and implementation of conservation
       strategies.
    4. To form a common understanding among stakeholders and local communities about
       the value of biodiversity and the threats that accompany it.
    5. To provide controlled access for local people to use resources sustainably, in certain
       restoration areas, based on a precautionary approach.

Based on the BMP Action Plan, there are five aspects that need to be considered by PT PLN,
and each of these aspects has several programs that need to be carried out by PT PLN in
collaboration with related stakeholders.

    1. The direct impacts associated with the construction process will be reduced and
       managed by:
       a. Defining Biodiversity Important Areas (BIAs), corridors and buffer areas as
          restoration areas either within or adjacent to the project site, and reducing
          disturbance to these areas.
       b. Protect the restoration area from poaching and illegal extraction.
       c. Perform reforestation of disturbed areas in the project site and restoration areas.
       d. Educating local communities about biodiversity conservation initiatives by
          forming a common understanding between stakeholders and local communities
          about the value of biodiversity and the threats that accompany it.




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021        347
    2. Afforestation and forest management will be carried out by:
       a. Revegetating the restoration area using suitable plant species, as recommended in
          the BMP Action Plan.
       b. Ensuring the availability of sufficient plants, including the suitability of species /
          varieties in the nursery managed by the local community.
       c. Build agroforestry systems for local income.
       d. Protect remaining wildlife habitats through habitat improvement and species
          enrichment, including improving ecological connectivity between forest patches
          and other ecosystem functions.
       e. Protect forest areas from encroachment, illegal logging, and illegal hunting.
       f. Develop mechanisms and designs that incorporate the benefits that people get
          from forest management.

    3. Wildlife management will be carried out by:
       a. Ensuring that wildlife with the status of rare or endangered, and other protected
          animals, can survive and / or increase their population size by reducing direct or
          indirect threats through prevention and mitigation of habitat destruction,
          preventing disturbance and death of wild animals, and poaching.
       b. Preventing (reducing) conflicts between humans and wildlife due to the use of
          shared resources (food sources) and predation of livestock owned by local
          residents by wildlife.

    4. Stakeholder participation will be carried out and managed by:
       a. Increasing knowledge, awareness, and participation of local stakeholders in the
           management of Upper Cisokan, including biodiversity conservation activities.
       b. Improving coordination and cooperation between PLN internal and between PLN,
           Perhutani, the local government, and local communities related to ICM.
       c. Harmonizing the activities of the various parties (PLN, Perhutani, and local
           communities) taking place in project-affected areas, to optimize the protection of
           wildlife and their habitats as well as the livelihoods of local residents.
       d. Seeking political support with the aim of obtaining funding and resources which
           can then be allocated to finance the management of the Upper Cisokan.

    5. Community participation will be carried out and managed by:
       a. Involving the local community to ensure that they can contribute to the
          management planning of Upper Cisokan and benefit from the development of the
          area.
       b. Integrating the BMP into resettlement planning and highlighting potential
          opportunities for resettlement areas to contribute to reforestation efforts, and to
          achieve more successful and sustainable livelihood restoration programs.
       c. Ensuring that any livelihoods negatively impacted by BMP activities will be
          handled by the World Bank under the World Bank ESF.
       d. Increasing activities that can generate income for local communities in accordance
          with the conservation of biodiversity in the restoration area and management of
          the Upper Cisokan.

Increase the sustainability of land use managed by Perum Perhutani through sustainable land
cultivation by local communities. Based on the results of the review and gap analysis on the




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021          348
implementation of the BMP action plan, general recommendations for improving the
implementation of the BMP action plan in the future are as follows:

    1. Implementation of the BMP action plan needs to be carried out based on a priority
        scale according to the pre-construction, construction and operational phases.
    2. Extension (and revision if necessary) of the MoU between PLN and Perum Perhutani
        need to be carried out immediately so that revegetation activities in working zones 1,
        2, and 3 can be carried out in accordance with the BMP action plan.
    3. It is necessary to strengthen institutions and governance systems that are responsible
        for implementing the BMP action plan and the necessary resources.
    4. Planning for revegetation programs along with targets (number of seeds needed,
        successful growth, types of plants, location of planting) needs to be made more
        systematically, with more attention to the recommendations (updated) of the BMP
        action plan.
    5. Revegetation and reforestation programs need to be structured in a more planned and
        systematic manner, starting from nurseries and seedlings maintenance, planting and
        maintenance in the field, monitoring and evaluation of planting activities. The
        community is a key provider of seeds, providing opportunities other than planting
        and maintaining plants.
    6. Community empowerment in monitoring activities against the emergence of
        disturbances in reforestation and revegetation areas, as well as in efforts to prevent
        and control forest and land fires.
    7. It is necessary to establish a reporting system in case of incidents involving wild
        animals (traffic accidents, exposure to electricity, poaching) and encounters with wild
        animals.
    8. It is necessary to develop the principle of benefits for the local community in relation
        to the existence of working zones 1, 2 and 3 with the principle of sustainable use of
        local natural resources. For example, through the development of agroforestry
        systems.
    9. It is necessary to evaluate the placement and design of artificial corridor features /
        infrastructure, particularly rope bridges, including across water ways to reduce
        further forest fragmentation impacts.
    10. It is necessary to conduct socialization and counseling with BBKSDA periodically in
        order to protect the existence of endangered and protected wild animals, along with
        law enforcement for those involved in hunting and / or trafficking of rare and
        protected wild animals illegally.
    11. Increasing the capacity of work units with adequate resources that specifically manage
        water catchment areas and restoration areas.
    12. The formation of a multistakeholder coordinating body needs to be initiated at the
        relevant Ministry level (BUMN, KLHK, ESDM) to coordinate the handling of various
        problems that occur, whose scope is outside the authority of PLN and Perum Perhutani.
    13. Build cross-sectoral collaborative networks in order to find alternative sources of
        funding for environmental management (biodiversity conservation, community
        capacity building, and local economic development) in the UCPS Project Area.
    14. Awareness, education, and information programs need to be structured in a planned,
        systematic and routine manner. For this reason, the work unit that is specifically
        responsible for implementing the program needs to be re-established within PLN .
    15. The BMP action plan is integrated into the resettlement plan documents.




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021         349
    16. The community economic recovery program, especially for those affected by the
        construction of the UCPS hydropower plant, needs to be carried out in a planned
        manner with measurable targets. The priority of local economic development is
        directed at developing production systems based on local natural resources, such as
        agroforestry and natural tourism. Sources of funding outside PT. PLN (Persero) need
        to be explored, including through the CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) scheme
        of companies located in the administrative areas of West Bandung Regency, Cianjur
        Regency and West Java Province.


13.9 Grievance Mechanism
The SCMP contains the details of the grievance mechanism.


13.10 Reporting
External reporting by PLN is required as shown in Table 124.

Table 124 Reports and Reporting Requirements

    Type of Report and Purpose             Frequency of Reporting                  Receiver of Reports
 The ESMP updates (including any     As required, prior to implementation    • DLH (Environment Agency)
 changes in management and                                                    West Java Province
 monitoring procedures) and any
 sub-plans prepared under the
 ESMP.                               For approval before implementation
                                                                             • DLH (Environment Agency)
                                                                              Cianjur Regency and West
                                                                              Bandung Regency




                                                                             World Bank

 ESMP implementation progress,       Monthly detailed reports.               World Bank
 including:
                                     Quarterly overview as part of Project
 Progress to date and upcoming       reporting.
 events

 Significant issues (ongoing, new,
 emerging, closed)

 Environmental       and social
 monitoring and survey data
 collected that month.

 Recommended       updates    and
 adaptations to management plans.

 Stakeholder engagement activities
 and issues

 Incidents - statistics




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                 350
    Type of Report and Purpose                Frequency of Reporting                     Receiver of Reports
 Grievances

 Training

 Lost time injury incident or           Within 24 hours after the incident      • DLH (Environment Agency)
 workplace death or significant         (according to the incident procedure,    Cianjur Regency and West
 environmental event or incident,       which outlines the severity of the       Bandung Regency
 including significant breach of        incident requiring reporting)
 laws,        discovering       the                                             The World Bank
 archaeological site, human remains
 or artifacts

 Major changes in project activities    Within 1 week after identification of   • DLH (Environment Agency)
 that may affect Environmental          important event                         West Java Province
 Approval
                                                                                World Bank

 Incident reports                       Once a year.                            • DLH (Environment Agency)
                                                                                Cianjur Regency and West
 for minor incidents that have been                                             Bandung Regency
 corrected.    Includes grievance
 reporting.                             Monthly as      part   of   monthly     World Bank
                                        reporting

 Non-compliance reports                 Every year                              • DLH (Environment Agency)
                                                                                 West Java Province

                                        Monthly as      part   of   monthly     World Bank
                                        reporting

 Implementation     of    Electricity   Every 3 month                           •     Department of Manpower
 Safety (K2)                                                                        (Disnakertrans) Cianjur Regency
                                                                                    and West Bandung Regency




13.11 Capacity Development
This management plan shall be implemented within PLN’s Environmental Management
System for Upper Cisokan. The management system (to be developed) with provide PLN
with the systems and structures to enable implementation of the plan, monitoring, reporting
and delegation of roles to third parties.

13.11.1 Training

All those responsible for the management and implementation/operation of any aspect of the
ESMP shall be adequately trained for their role. Evidence of training will be maintained on
site, for inspection/auditing purposes.

PLN will maintain a training schedule, and procedure for keeping records. Records of training
attendance and training programs shall be kept and be available for inspection/auditing. The
Contractors will also maintain their own training schedule and records.




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                            351
PLN with the Environmental Unit internally, has some well-trained and experienced people
who can develop, implement, monitor, evaluate and report on the ESMP. External training,
and/or the use of third-party contractors or consultants will be required to develop the in-
house capacity and gap-fill the skills and resources in technical areas such as biodiversity
management and environmental monitoring.

The Supervision Engineer has a requirement to train the ESHS staff of PLN Engineering and
UPK to supervise C-ESMP and may also provide targeted training to the contractors, based
on need.

Table 125 Capacity Building for Construction Phase

  Implementer    Training Scope   Purpose/Objective         Training Material              Trainees/       Schedule &
                                                                                            Audience          Budget
 Supervision     Implementatio    • The                 • Key issues covered in       • Environmental    • Constructio
 Engineers       n and              requirements of       ESMP                          Supervision        n phase.
                 Monitoring of      the ESMP            • The agreed                    Engineers,       • The budget
                 ESMP             • How to execute        environmental               • PLN staff,         allocated in
                                    the                   monitoring checklist,       • Contractor’s       Supervision
                                    environmental       • The environmental             Safety and         Engineers‘
                                    requirements of       monitoring form               Env. Officer       contract
                                    the project,        • Particular attention will   • Workers as
                                  • How to                be paid to the specific       part of the
                                    supervise,            provisions in each            training given
                                    monitor and           contract’s technical          to the SEO
                                    audit                 specifications indicating
                                  • How non-              how the ESMP is to be
                                    compliance with       complied with
                                    the ESMP will be    • Regulation
                                    handled,

                 • Health and     • The health and      • Key issues covered in       • Supervision
                   Safety           safety                ESMP                          Engineers,
                                    requirements        • The agreed                  • PLN staff,
                                    mentioned in          environmental               • Contractor’s
                                    ESMP                  monitoring checklist,         Safety and
                                  • Health issues       • The ESHSl monitoring          Env. Officer
                                    identified by the     form                        • Workers as
                                    Contractors         • Health and safety             part of the
                                                          provisions in each            training given
                                                          contract’s technical          to the SEO
                                                          specifications
                                                        • Regulation


                 • Hazardous      How to handle,        • Key issues covered in       All staff
                   Substances     implement dan           ESMP                        involved in the
                   Management     monitoring the        • General Hazardous           handling and
                   and            hazardous               Procedures                  use of
                   Emergency      substances and        • Hazardous Materials         chemicals, fuel
                   Procedures:    emergency               Storage                     and explosives
                   must be        procedures            • MSDS Requirement            (Contractor,
                   trained in                           • Emergency procedures        Supervision
                   handling,                            • Hazardous and               Engineers,
                   spill and                              Emergency Regulation        PLN)
                   emergency
                   procedures




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                        352
  Implementer    Training Scope   Purpose/Objective          Training Material             Trainees/      Schedule &
                                                                                           Audience         Budget
                 • Concrete       How to implement       • Key issues covered in       All staff
                   and Asphalt    Concrete and             ESMP                        involved in the
                   management     Asphalt                • Emergency procedures        manufacturing,
                                  management in          • Procedures to handle        transport and
                                  handling, spill,         spill, dust and water.      handling of
                                  dust, water and                                      concrete and
                                  emergency                                            asphalt
                                  procedures.                                          (Contractor,
                                                                                       Supervision
                                                                                       Engineers,
                                                                                       PLN)

                 • Sediment       • To manage the        • Key issues covered in     • The officers in
                   Control, and     impact of              ESMP                        charge of
                   Control of       Construction,        • The control of discharge    construction,
                   Discharges       and maintenance        and Sediment Control        maintenance
                                  • To manage the          procedures                  and
                                    environmental                                      monitoring
                                    protection                                         (Contractor,
                                  • To monitor                                         Supervision
                                    discharge                                          Engineers,
                                                                                       PLN)
 Contractors     OSH training     To ensure all staff    • In-house materials, task- • Workers           • Constructio
                 and capacity     are trained and          specific.                                       n phase.
                 training for     have suitable skills                                                   • The budget
                 each activity    and experience to                                                        allocated in
                 that has risk.   avoid and manage                                                         Contractors‘
                                  risks while                                                              contract
                                  carrying out their
                                  tasks.
                 • Safe control   To ensure safe         • Procedure of Safe        • The             • Constructio
                   and driving    passage during           control of road traffic    management of n phase.
                   of heavy       and after working      • Procedure of driving the   traffic officer • The budget
                   road-          hours                    heavy road-construction • Drivers            allocated in
                   construction                            vehicles                 • Pedestrians in    Contractors‘
                   vehicles                                                           and around the contract
                 •                                                                    project
                                                                                      construction
                                                                                      areas
                 Training and     The safety risks       • Brochure                   The
                 awareness        regarding road         • Leaflet                    community,
                 programs         construction and                                    including
                                  heavy vehicle                                       school children
                                  operations.
                 • Concrete       How to implement       • Key issues covered in       All staff
                   and Asphalt    Concrete and             ESMP                        involved in the
                   management     Asphalt                • Emergency procedures        manufacturing,
                                  management in          • Procedures to handle        transport and
                                  handling, spill,         spill, dust and water.      handling of
                                  dust, water and                                      concrete and
                                  emergency                                            asphalt
                                  procedures.
                 • Hazardous      How to handle,         • Key issues covered in       All staff
                   Substances     implement dan            ESMP                        involved in the
                   Management     monitoring the         • General Hazardous           handling and
                   and            hazardous                Procedures                  use of
                   Emergency      substances and         • Hazardous Materials         chemicals, fuel
                   Procedures:                             Storage                     and explosives



Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                        353
  Implementer       Training Scope   Purpose/Objective          Training Material           Trainees/       Schedule &
                                                                                            Audience          Budget
                      must be        emergency              • MSDS Requirement
                      trained in     procedures             • Emergency procedures
                      handling,                             • Hazardous and
                      spill and                               Emergency Regulation
                      emergency
                      procedures
                    • Sediment       • To manage the        • Key issues covered in    • The officers in
                      Control, and     impact of              ESMP                       charge of
                      Control of       Construction,        • The control of discharge   construction,
                      Discharges       and maintenance        and Sediment Control       maintenance
                                     • To manage the          procedures                 and
                                       environmental                                     monitoring
                                       protection
                                     • To monitor
                                       discharge
 PLN                Biodiversity     How to implement       • Biodiversity               PLN Staff         • Prior to
 • By External      management       the biodiversity         Management Plan,                               main
   specialists                       management plan        • Options, strategy of the                       Constructio
   (forest                                                    Plan                                           n
   ecology,                                                                                                  implementa
   primate                                                                                                   tion
   ecology, and                                                                                            • The budget
   fish ecology)                                                                                             provided in
                                                                                                             ESMP App.
                                                                                                             10
 PLN                Cultural         How to manage          • Procedure of Chance        • Officers of     • Prior to
 • By               heritage         cultural heritage        finding                      Contractor        main
   archaeologis                      finding and the                                     • Officers of       Constructio
   ts                                appropriate                                           Supervision       n
                                     protection                                            Engineer          implementa
                                     techniques and                                      • PLN Staff         tion
                                     procedures for                                                        • The budget
                                     relocation of the                                                       provided in
                                     documented                                                              ESMP App.
                                     religious facilities                                                    10
                                     and graves



Table 126 Training for Inundation and Operation Phase

 Implementer       Training Scope    Purpose/ Objective         Training Material           Audience          Schedule &
                                                                                                                Budget
 PLN               • Biodiversity    Understanding the      • Theory and                 PLN               • Prior to main
                     Management      theory and               practicalities of          Environmental       Construction
 • By                                practicalities of:       managing habitats for      Unit staff          implementati
   External                          • reestablishing         primates                                       on
   specialists                         indigenous           • Biodiversity
   (forest                             habitats in buffer     Management Plan                              • The budget
   ecology,                            zone areas,          • Management Model 1-5                           provided in
   primate                           • the protection of                                                     ESMP App.
   ecology,                            buffer zone areas                                                     10
   and fish                            and the
   ecology)                            reservoirs from
                                       occupation, for
                                       safety reasons.




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                          354
 Implementer     Training Scope    Purpose/ Objective         Training Material           Audience     Schedule &
                                                                                                         Budget
 PLN             • River habitat   Understanding the      • The methods to monitor     PLN
                   management      theory and               habitat condition and      Environmental
 By External                       practicalities of:       change downstream of       Unit staff
 specialists                                                reservoirs.
 (ecologists                       • ecology and
 and                                 habitat of rivers,   • Instream monitoring
 hydrologists)                                              and data interpretation.
                                   • the habitat
                                     changes due to       • Adaptive river
                                     sediment and           management.
                                     flow changes
                                     downstream

                                   • adaptive
                                     management.

                 • Environmenta    Understanding the      • The relevant procedures    All staff
                   l flows         theory and               for measuring and          involved in
                   downstream      practicalities of        maintaining                operating the
                                   environmental            environmental flows        power station
                                   flows downstream
                                   of each dam.

                     Dam safety    Understanding the      • Management plans           All staff
                                   operations and                                      involved in
                                   maintenance                                         operating the
                                   manuals and                                         power station
                                   emergency
                                   management
                                   procedures.




13.12 Plan Monitoring and Review
The PLN Environmental Unit will periodically monitor and audit the effectiveness and
implementation of the plan whether a document review is required. Audit programs and
procedures include the scope, frequency and methods as well as the responsibilities and
requirements for conducting audits and reporting results.

The frequency of audits reflects the level of significance of environmental impacts and the
results of previous audits.

13.12.1 ESMP Review

The ESMP will be reviewed periodically to evaluate environmental and social controls and
procedures to ensure they remain applicable to activities. The review will be carried out by
the PLN Environmental Unit, as follows:
- The complete ESMP will be reviewed at least annually.
- Relevant parts of the ESMP will be reviewed following a re-labeling incident.
- The relevant parts of the ESMP will be reviewed upon receipt of the updated sub-plan.




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                    355
- At the request of stakeholders, including Government Bodies (BPLHD), Contractors,
  Supervisory Engineers or host communities.

The ESMP review will include analysis of data collection and results, monitoring reports,
incident reports, complaints, feedback from stakeholders, Government Agency reports
(BPLHD), minutes of consultation meetings and training notes, to evaluate the effectiveness
of the procedure. Field visits, interviews and other audit methods can also be used.

The ESMP update, after review, will follow the procedure in Section 9.2.

13.12.2 New Impacts and Activities

All new activities and impacts that are not covered by the main ESMP or any sub-plans,
should be included and new revisions of the plan resulting through the update procedure.

13.12.3 ESMP Control and Updates

The ESMP will be issued as a ‘controlled document’ to all relevant staff and organizations.
The procedure to be followed to control the issue of the documents, provide a review of its
effectiveness and provide updates is as follows:
1. Issued copies by the Environmental Unit of PLN will be numbered.
2. The Environmental Unit will initiate a review of any relevant sections following
     modification to the Environmental Approval, issue of a new approval, or a change to
     internal procedures based on corrective actions or improvements in methodologies.
3. The Environmental Unit will ensure the document is reviewed and that all sections are
     up to date.
4. Any parts of the ESMP that require Government Agency approval will be lodged with
     the relevant agencies and may not be implemented until an approval has been
     provided.
5. All controlled copies will be updated following a change, coordinated by the
     Environmental Unit.
6. All updated sub-plans will be forwarded to the Environmental Unit in order to update
     the relevant appendices in this plan.
7. Updates will be communicated to all interested and affected stakeholders.

13.12.4 Government Agency Review

All reports, registers and monitoring results must be made available to the Government
Agency (BPLHD) on request. The Government Agency (BPLHD) must have the ability to
audit the results and carry out duplicate monitoring or auditing at any time to ensure
compliance with the ESMP and any approvals issued.

Where the Government Agency (BPLHD) does not have the capacity to audit, PLN shall
ensure that an independent audit is carried out at the request of the Government Agency
(BPLHD) and to their satisfaction.

13.12.5 World Bank Review

The implementation of ESMP will be submitted quarterly to World Bank for review.




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021     356
All ESMP revision will be submitted to World Bank for review and approval, before it is
applied.


13.13 Estimated Costs
Table 127 Estimate of Costs to implement the ESMP and sub-plans

                                                                     Cost
 No                        Description ESMP                       Estimated           Remarks
                                                                    ($ US)
                                                                           $0
   1   Contractor - Implementation of Environmental,                            Included in the
       Social, Security, Health and Safety Risk and Impact                      Contract with the
       Mitigation                                                               Contractors

       •   Traffic management and safety
       •   Occupational health and safety
       •   Community health and safety
       •   Environmental controls
       •   Handling complaints
       •   Public Relations
       •   Environmental quality monitoring
       •   Capacity training
       •   Monitoring and review (review)
       •   External communication / reporting
       •   Procedure for protecting cultural objects and sites
           and chance find procedures
       •   Biodiversity protection and revegetation within the
           work footprint
       •   Social and public relations
       •   Construction management and worker base camp
       •   Transmission line ESHS management
       •   Quarry ESHS management
                                                                           $0
   2   Engineering Supervision - environmental, social,                         Included in the
       security, health and safety supervision of the                           contract with the
       Contractors..                                                            Construction
                                                                                Supervision
       • Supervising the implementation of C-ESMP.                              Engineer.


   3   PLN Environmental Unit                                       $ 900,000

       • Salaries and wages
       • Official Travel Fee




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                 357
                                                                     Cost
 No                      Description ESMP                         Estimated           Remarks
                                                                    ($ US)

   4   ESHS Strengthening Institutions, Training and                $ 500,000
       Capacity Building
       • PLN Environmental Unit
       • Local government, communities and stakeholders
       • Onsite training
       • Offsite training
       • Capacity Development
       • equipment and logistics



   5   SCMP                                                       $ 2,100,000

           •   Stakeholder Engagement
           •   Grievance mechanism
           •   GBV
           •   Economic empowerment program
           •   Women’s knowledge enhancement program
           •   Household energy use assessment
           •   Local labor employment support


   6   Technical Assistance Team to PLN Environmental              $4,000,000
       Unit PHJ

       • Consulting team to assist with the implementation of
         the Plans, updates and new plans, including BMP,
         River erosion and sedimentation study,
         Transmission Line studies and Management Plan,
         Operational Environmental and Social Management
         Plan and:
       • Manuals and procedures
       • Assist the development of environmental databases
       • Project Environmental and Social Management
         system
       • Assisting the development of PLN PHJ
         Environmental Unit
       • TORs
       • Incident management and response
       • GIS and other technical expertise

   7   Independent Environmental and Social Panel                  $1,000,000




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021             358
                                                                     Cost
 No                       Description ESMP                        Estimated           Remarks
                                                                    ($ US)
                                                                                First 5 years
   8   Biodiversity Management Plan and Forest                     $8,000,000
       Partnership Framework

       •   ICM facilitation team
       •   Revegetation
       •   Rescue operations
       •   Provision of guards
       •   Infrastructure and equipment
       •   Education
       •   Community based forestry

   9   Dam safety planning:                                                $0   Within the TOR of
                                                                                the Engineering
       Reservoir Filling Plan, Emergency Procedures, Dam                        Consultant (under
       Operations and Maintenance.                                              Supervision
                                                                                Engineer)


       The total estimated ESMP cost (including SCMP) is:        $16,500,000




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                 359
CHAPTER 14.             CONCLUSION
The Upper Cisokan hydropower project is designed to meet the peak load needs of the Java-
Bali grid electricity system. The construction of this hydropower plant has a number of
advantages to the Java-Bali network, including:

    •   Reduced dependence on expensive petroleum to meet demand during peak loads.
    •   Ability to use base load energy efficiently, during low loads.
    •   Providing assistance in controlling the load frequency of Cirata hydropower; so that it
        can be operated more efficiently.
    •   Providing a backup that can be operated immediately in the event of a failure of one
        of the generators or disruption of the transmission line.

Several ANDAL and EIA studies have been completed since project commencement. The
ESIA report has compiled the results of the ANDAL, EIA studies and several technical studies
completed between 2009 and 2020.

The Environmental and Social Management Plan and subplans have been prepared to manage
mitigation efforts during the construction, inundation and operational phases of the UCPS.
This includes the SCMP (including the SEP, LMP, GRM, GAP, and GBVAP) and BMP. It is
considered that, if these measures can be implemented, the negative impacts of the project can
be minimized. The measures outlined in the ES IA, ESMP, SCMP BMP and LARF ensure that
development can be implemented and provide benefits to the Java-Bali power network. The
SCMP which provides concrete guidance on mitigating stakeholder engagement, labor and
gender issues during the project cycle.

The main environmental and social risks and impacts associated with the hydropower project
are summarized below.


14.1 Resettlement
The Project requires approximately 731.76 ha of land for the access road, upper and lower
reservoir, and transmission line. Approximately 310.14 ha of community and private land
has been acquired for the UCPS hydropower plant development. Affected assets include
houses, settlements, cemeteries, mosques, productive land, subsistence agriculture, fishponds
and other small businesses. 1,549 households have been compensated for their land and other
assets. There are 765 Household that must move from the impacted area. Approximately 409
ha of state forest land has been acquired, restricting the use of that land by locals who relied
on it for agriculture, timber and non-timber forest products. The resettlement process or other
social impact or compensation issues were managed through the LARAP. Implementation of
the LARAPs has been reviewed by independent consultants and presented in standalone
document of LARAP Implementation Review Report (2021).

In addition to community and private land an additional 409 hectares of Government-owned
forest land have been acquired, restricting the use of that land by communities who rely on it
for agriculture, timber and non-timber forest products (PLN Update, 2019).




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021          360
14.2 Socio-Economic Benefits and Development Impact on Society
The construction period is estimated to last for at least five years. The UCPS construction will
require hundreds of workers employed by the Contractors at any one time. Most are expected
to come from elsewhere in Indonesia or overseas and will require accommodation in the
Project area. During the peak construction there will be an influx of up to 2,700 workers and
estimated 4,500-6,000 followers to the project area. Social risks related to construction may
include noise, traffic hazards, dust, restriction of access to land, restricted access to
infrastructure and resources, gender-based violence, and health problems, and disturbances
from migrant workers and camp followers interacting with the local community.

The project will seek to mitigate gender risks (including GBV) and address gender gaps in the
community through improving stakeholder outreach, engaging with local women’s groups
to raise awareness, and participation for project economic empowerment programs, including
livelihood/business training, and various GBV awareness and training initiatives.

The construction of new roads and bridges has allowed access to remote villages and will
continue to provide benefits to the local economy during the construction and operation stage.
The scheme is anticipated to strengthen the rural base sector (agriculture, animal husbandry,
fisheries and forestry) and to grow services and trade. It is recognized in the environmental
objectives of the Forest Partnership Framework that implementing significant reforestation
efforts will require a change in livelihoods from ones focused on short-term income generation
from annual crops to ones more focused on longer-term benefits from agroforestry.

Other aspects, such as indigenous peoples (ESS7) are not triggered, and social impacts on
downstream users is minimal throughout the construction cycle, with insignificant impacts
on irrigation and fishing. Procedures for the implementation of consultations with
downstream users (Cihea Irrigation Scheme), regarding changes in flow to downstream areas,
will be carried out, to alleviate perceptions that UCPS will negatively impact on floods and
droughts.


14.3 Biodiversity Impacts
The impact analysis concludes that in the UCPS project area, 400 ha of Critical Habitat will be
directly impacted and 2,288 ha indirectly, while along the transmission line, 100 ha will be
directly impacted and 341 ha indirectly. This results in total impact estimates on Critical
Habitat of 500 ha of directly impacted areas and 2,629 ha of indirectly impacted areas. Taking
into consideration the counterfactual trends, the area impacted is smaller, i.e., 1,867 ha.

The Biodiversity Management Plan (BMP) has been updated and supersedes the previous
BMP publicly disclosed in 2011 as a sub-plan to the ESMP, as well as the BMP prepared but
not published in 2015. The BMP provides practical guidance for reducing threats to
biodiversity where practical, to manage identified risks, to engage with communities and
stakeholders, and to pro-actively support the development of knowledge in biodiversity
conservation using the ESS 6 mitigation hierarchy. Through this BMP, the aim is to engage
with biodiversity professionals, government, the community, non-government organizations
(NGOs), researchers and appropriate individuals to achieve a high standard of biodiversity
and conservation management.




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021          361
The Biodiversity Management Plan (BMP) is prepared to manage the direct and indirect
impacts of the Cisokan hydropower project on the condition of biodiversity and for the
maintenance of project-affected areas. It is implemented through an Integrated Catchment
Management (ICM) approach that simultaneously addresses biodiversity, environmental and
social aspects of landscape management. It provides a sound rationale for a range of actions
that focus on (a) Construction-related impact mitigation and management; (b) Reforestation
and forest management; (c) Wildlife management; (d) Stakeholder participation; and (e)
Community engagement. Within the project area of influence the BMP goals are: (i) To achieve
net gain of Critical Habitat and Natural Habitat; (ii) To protect and enhance the remnant forest
communities (both the habitat and wildlife) to create a self-sustaining ecosystem; (iii) To
protect and increase the populations of critically endangered and endangered species so that
they are self-sustaining; (iv) To take into account the ongoing threats to biodiversity
conservation from the community and rural development in the selection and implementation
of conservation strategies; and (v) To create a common understanding amongst stakeholders
and the community about the biodiversity values and threats.

Implementation of the ICM will through a Forest Partnership Framework aims to restore a
connected (agro-)forest landscape across 3,800 ha of land around the UCPS reservoirs and
project facilities. The most practical way to establish the ICM program will be to pursue a
collaborative forest management option between PLN, local communities and Perhutani. This
strategy would build on existing land use patterns and land ownership, facilitating a relatively
easy entry point to get the principal ideas of ICM established and tested.

Fifteen (15) Biodiversity Important Areas (BIA) have been identified in the immediate project
area, with a total area of about 425 ha. The BIAs are presently forested islands in a non-forest
landscape. They provide insufficient ecological resources to sustain viable populations of
threatened species. The 3,800 ha of restoration aims to provide a net positive gain in
biodiversity values, offsetting the 500 ha of direct impacts on critical habitat and the 2,629 ha
of indirect impacts on critical habitat, or 1,867 ha under the counterfactual scenario. It
simultaneously aims to restore the terrestrial biodiversity component by significantly
increasing ecological connectivity among forest areas, benefiting species that trigger the
Critical Habitat criteria, such as Slow Loris and Grizzled Leaf Monkey, and the aquatic habitat
by improving ecological conditions alongside tributaries flowing into the reservoirs. Finally,
the restoration and offsetting strategies aim to fulfil socio-economic objectives through the
development of financially viable social forestry and agroforestry programs. These aim to
restore original agroforestry-based land uses in the UCPS area that provide communities with
improved income and reduce ecologically damaging land practices, such as open field
agricultural cultivation on steep slopes.


14.4 Environmental Impacts in Rivers Downstream of the Dam
During construction, sediment discharge will result in poor water quality and flow patterns.
This will continue during the construction period and may result in sedimentation and/or
reduced clarity of river water. Erosion, sediment management systems, and control of
working in and around riverbanks and beds, and other discharge controls will prevent
potential impacts as far as is practicable and are described in ESMP.

During inundation, the hydrological conditions of the Cirumamis and Cisokan Rivers will be
temporarily affected, during the process of collecting water to fill the reservoir. Based on the



Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021           362
estimated average conditions, and looking at the minimum discharge flow, the Upper Cisokan
Hydroelectric Power Plant will fill the reservoir in ±122 days. To minimize potential impacts
on downstream river users and river habitat, filling will be carried out during the rainy
season. Up to 6.21m3/s will be taken from the Cisokan River to fill the reservoirs, with the
remaining water discharged below the dam. This residual flow will be within the normal wet
season range and will be sufficient for the Cihea Irrigation Scheme for average flow
conditions. If the season has dry periods then the scheme will discharge at least 1.7m3/s.

During operation, there should only be minor changes in the hydrological state downstream
of the two dams, because the Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Power Plant does
not have the capacity to store water or reduce the existing flow. The discharge from the lower
reservoir will equal the inflow minus the water required to top up evaporative losses
(approximately 0.2m3/s). This will be part of a standard operating procedure, which is to use
bottom valves and spillways to discharge water. During low flow periods (at or below
0.75m3/s, a residual flow of 0.55m3/s will be released downstream). During extreme low flow
periods (at or below 0.01m3/s), a residual flow of 0.01m3/s will be released downstream.
There will be a slight reduction in peak flooding.

The Cirumamis River will not have any reduction in flow. During very low flow periods, at
or below 0.01m3/s, the upper dam will release at least 0.01m3/s.

Changes in erosion and sediment patterns are predicted to occur downstream of the Cisokan
River during operations, due to reduced sediment loads. The nature and extent of this impact
will be determined during future studies. Lower dam design is being updated to ensure there
is no significant scour erosion at the base of the dam from the release of water from bottom
outlets and spillways.


14.5 Dam Safety, Security and Reservoir Management
PLN has prepared a packaged dam safety plan including: i) Construction Supervision and
Quality Assurance Plan, ii) Instrumentation Plan, iii) Preliminary Operation and Maintenance
Plan, and iv) Broad Framework for Emergency Preparedness Plan. They are required to
provide the full-fledged Operation and Maintenance Plan and Emergency Preparedness Plan
to the Bank and Panel of Experts not less than 6 and 12 months prior to the initiation of the
first reservoir filling.

When operating, the tides observe daily fluctuations as high as 19 m in the upper reservoir
and 4.5 m in the lower reservoir. With these fluctuations, the reservoir is not safe for use by
the community, or for commercial businesses such as aquaculture. People are prohibited from
entering the reservoir and greenbelt areas for their own safety. Warning alarms will be
installed prior to generation or pumping, to warn of changes in reservoir water levels. The
greenbelt will be restored with local vegetation to provide habitat for wild animals and will
prohibited for settlement or agricultural activities.




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021         363
CHAPTER 15.             COMMITMENT TO FOLLOW UP STUDIES AND
  ACTION
The current ESIA comprehensively covers the known environmental and social baselines,
impacts and mitigation strategies for UCPS. Nevertheless, the extensive studies and reviews
have indicated areas of further improvement. PLN continues to assess and study
environmental and social impacts and develop further mitigation and management plans as
follows:

    •   PLN will refine and finalize the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions as per ESS3
        as part of the economic analysis to be completed prior to World Bank appraisal.
    •   Assessing the nature and scale of impacts from reduced sediment load in the Cisokan
        River, proposed sediment management in the lower reservoir and appropriate
        mitigation measures. This requires analysis of the proposed sediment management,
        surveys of baseline riverbed and bank and modelling of the likely changes in bedload,
        erosion potential and the identification of ‘hotspots’ or risk areas for erosion and
        deposition of sediment. Terms of reference will be prepared and technical consultants
        will be engaged to complete the study and prepare an impact assessment on habitat,
        land and river uses and develop mitigation measures for the Operational
        Environmental and Social Management Plan. The work is to be completed at least one
        year prior to reservoir filling.
    •   Further studies on the baseline avifauna and terrestrial biodiversity in the
        transmission line area of influence and any further mitigation measures regarding the
        location and design of transmission infrastructure to avoid animal injuries and
        mortalities. A terms of reference will be prepared for specialist consultants to
        undertake field surveys in Indonesia, quantifying and qualifying collision and
        electrocution risks, model mortality and injury and update the biodiversity impact
        assessment and prepare the Transmission Line Environmental and Social
        Management Plan with biodiversity impact mitigation measures (and offsets, if
        required) as per ESS6. Work to be completed prior to the completion of the bid
        documents.
    •   An occupational health and safety management framework will be prepared prior to
        World Bank appraisal to comply with ESS2 regarding the risks and appropriate risk
        management for construction and operational phase workplace hazards.
    •   A risk assessment on the significant occupational and community health and safety
        hazards of each of the construction packages will be prepared by PLN with the support
        of the Supervision Engineer, and specific instructions on the approaches to risk
        identification and management will be prepared for the bid documents and contracts
        for future contracts and amended where necessary into the existing contracts. Risk
        assessments to be completed prior to the completion of the relevant bid documents for
        future contracts and prior to the Project effective date for existing contracts.
    •   A TOR will be prepared for consultants to undertake a risk assessment on the
        significant occupational and community health and safety hazards during operation
        of the hydropower scheme, transmission line and reservoirs. The consultants will
        prepare the health and safety management sections of the Operations and
        Maintenance manuals and provide training, at least one year prior to reservoir filling.
    •   Best practice measures for preparing the reservoir for impoundment, based on
        potential habitat and water quality impacts are to be developed. A terms of reference
        will be prepared for a consultant to review the existing land cover, hazards and risks



Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021         364
        in the reservoir and to assess the potential biodiversity and water quality impacts from
        impoundment and daily fluctuation of water within the reservoir and provide
        recommendations on environmentally and socially acceptable methods for preparing
        the reservoir to avoid and minimize impacts during operation. The terms of reference
        will include the preparation of the Reservoir Preparation Plan. Completed at least six
        months prior to reservoir filling.
    •   Update the Framework Emergency Preparedness Plan prior to appraisal to reflect the
        requirements of ESS4.
    •   Operation and Maintenance Plan and the Emergency Preparedness Plan for dam
        safety, as per ESS4, will be prepared by PLN and submitted to the Bank and the dam
        Panel of Experts not less than 6 and 12 months prior to the initiation of reservoir filling.




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021              365
CLOSING
This is the Final Report of the Environmental and Social Impact Analysis for the UCPS 1,040
MW Hydroelectric Power Plant Project. This report provides a complete and comprehensive
picture of environmental and social conditions to facilitate planning and risk and impact
management during the planning, construction and operation of the hydropower plant.


                                                                       Jatinangor, April 2021

                                                         Faculty of Agroindustrial Technology–
UNPAD




                                                          (Dr. Ir. Edy Suryadi, MT.)

                                                                          Dean




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021             366
REFERENCES

Aiama, D., S. Edwards, G. Bos, J. Ekstrom, L. Krueger, F. Quétier, C. Savy, B. Semroc, M.
Sneary, and L. Bennun. 2015. No Net Loss and Net Positive Impact Approaches for
Biodiversity. Exploring the potential application of these approaches in the commercial
agriculture and forestry sectors. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.

Al-Razi, H., M. Maria, and S. B. Muzaffar. 2019. Mortality of primates due to roads and power
lines in two forest patches in Bangladesh. Zoologia (Curitiba) 36.

APLIC. 2006. Reducing avian collisions with power lines: the state of the art in 2016. Avian
Power Line Interaction Committee. Edison Electric Institute and APLIC, Washington, DC.

Arifah, A. (2016). Reklasifikasi Iklim Jawa Barat. Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Artikel: Pemkab Bandung Barat Harus Waspadai Dampak Sosial PLTA Cisokan.
https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/bandung-raya/pr-01252698/pemkab-bandung-barat-
harus-waspadai-dampak-sosial-plta-cisokan

Bank Dirrective: Addressing Risks and Impacts on Disadvantaged or Vulnerable Individuals
or Groups, World Bank.2016.
http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/748451469107442841/pdf/107175-BR-
R2016-0145-IDA-R2016-0198-Box396279B-PUBLIC.pdf

Barrientos, R., J. C. Alonso, C. Ponce, and C. PalacÍn. 2011. Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness
of Marked Wire in Reducing Avian Collisions with Power Lines. Conservation Biology 25:893-
903.

Barstow, M. 2018. Pterocarpus indicus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018:
e.T33241A2835450. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T33241A2835450.en.
Downloaded on 21 January 2021.

BirdLife International. 2016. Pernis ptilorhynchus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2016: e.T22694995A93483912. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-
3.RLTS.T22694995A93483912.en. Downloaded on 21 January 2021.

BirdLife International. 2020. Geokichla interpres. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2020: e.T22733677A175952053. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-
3.RLTS.T22733677A175952053.en. Downloaded on 22 January 2021.

CarbonTropic. 2017. Matenggeng Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Plant (MPSHP) Project: A
Preliminary Ecological Assessment. February 2017. CarbonTropic, the World Bank and PLN,
Jakarta, Indonesia.

CarbonTropic. 2017. Matenggeng Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Plant (MPSHP) Project: A
Preliminary Ecological Assessment. February 2017. CarbonTropic, the World Bank and PLN,
Jakarta, Indonesia.




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021          367
Catatan tahunan kekerasan terhadap perempuan. 2020.
https://komnasperempuan.go.id/pengumuman-detail/siaran-pers-dan-lembar-fakta-
komnas-perempuan-cata

Center for Environment and Sustainability Science Directorate Of Innovation And
Corporate-UNPAD, 2020. Review and Update Study of Biodiversity Monitoring Plan (BMP)
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Hydro-Electrical Power, PT. PLN (Persero) UIP, Central
Java I

Central Bureau of Statistics, 2019. District in Figures, Bandung Barat Regency

Central Bureau of Statistics, 2019. District in Figures, Cianjur Regency

Challender, D., D. H. A. Willcox, E. Panjang, N. Lim, H. Nash, S. Heinrich, and J. Chong.
2019. Manis javanica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T12763A123584856.
https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T12763A123584856.en. Downloaded on
20 January 2021.

Clayton, L., M. Keeling, and E. J. Milner-Gulland. 1997. Bringing home the bacon: a spatial
model of wild pig hunting in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ecological Applications 7:642-652.

Clayton, L., M. Keeling, and E. J. Milner-Gulland. 1997. Bringing home the bacon: a spatial
model of wild pig hunting in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ecological Applications 7:642-652.

Costanza R, et al. 1997. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital.
Nature 387:253–260.

Costanza R, et al. 2011. Valuing ecological systems and services. F1000 biology reports 3:14-
14.

de Groot R, et al. 2012. Global estimates of the value of ecosystems and their services in
monetary units. Ecosystem Services 1:50-61.

Department Of Communication, Informatics And Statistics. 2018. Data Basis For
Development Of West Bandung Regency 2018. West Bandung Regency Government

Diamond, J. M., K. D. Bishop, and S. Van Balen. 1987. Bird Survival in an Isolated Javan
Woodland: Island or Mirror? Conservation Biology 1:132-142.

Directorate General of Pollution Control and Environmental Damage, Ministry of
Environment and Forestry, (2018).

Eccleston, D. T., and R. E. Harness. 2018. Raptor Electrocutions and Power Line Collisions. in
J. Sarasola, J. Grande, and J. Negro, editors. Birds of Prey. Springer, Cham, Switzerland.

Faculty of Agricultural Industrial Engineering-UNPAD, 2017. Final Report of the
Independent Monitoring Agency (IMA) Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Hydro-Electrical
Power, PT. PLN (Persero) UIP, Central Java I.




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021           368
Faculty of Agricultural Industrial Technology -UNPAD, 2020. Review of Land Acquisition
and Resettlement Action Plan (LARAP) Implementation Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage
Hydro-Electrical Power, PT. PLN (Persero) UIP, Central Java I.

Faculty of Agricultural Industrial Technology-UNPAD. 2016. Final Report Middle Term
Report Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Hydro-Electrical Power, PT. PLN (Persero) UIP,
Central Java I.

Fritts, T. H. 2002. Economic costs of electrical system instability and power outages caused by
snakes on the Island of Guam. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 49:93-100.

Gender Risk Assesment Tool, IDB.2020.
https://www.idbinvest.org/en/publications/gender-risk-assessment-tool

Good Practice Note on GBV in Major Civil Work, Environmental &Social Framework for IPF
operation, World Bank: Second edition.2020.
http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/741681582580194727/ESF-Good-Practice-Note-on-GBV-
in-Major-Civil-Works-v2.pdf

Grassman Jr, L. I., M. E. Tewes, and N. J. Silvy. 2005. Ranging, habitat use and activity
patterns of binturong Arctictis binturong and yellow-throated marten Martes flavigula in
north-central Thailand. Wildlife Biology 11:49-57.

Hakim, L., O. S. Abdoellah, Parikesit, and S. Withaningsih. 2020. Impact of agricultural crop
type and hunting on bird communities of two villages in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
Biodiversitas 21:57-66.

Hernawati R, Nurhaman U, Busson F, Suryobroto B, Hanner R, Keith P, Wowor D, Hubert
N. 2020. Exploring community assembly among Javanese and Balinese freshwater shrimps
(Atyidae, Palaemonidae) through DNA barcodes. Hydrobiologia 847:647-663.

Hunink, J. E., Conteras, S., & Droogers, S. (2015). Hydrological pre-feasibility assessment for
the Romuku hydropower plant Central Sulawesi, Indonesia [Report Future Water 141].
Hydropower Evolutions.

Hunting, K. 2002. A roadmap for PIER research on avian collisions with power lines in
California. Technical report P500-02-071F. California Energy Commission, Sacramento, CA.

Husodo, T., P. Febrianto, E. N. Megantara, S. S. Shanida, and M. P. Pujianto. 2019. Diversity
of mammals in forest patches of Cisokan, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas
20:1281-1288.

Interdev, 2019. Final Report on Social Programs and Stakeholder Mapping of the UCPS
4x260 MW Hydroelectric Power Plant Project in West Bandung Regency, PT. PLN (Persero)
UIP, Central Java I.

Interdev, 2019. Final Report on Social Programs and Stakeholder Mapping of the UCPS
4x260 MW Hydroelectric Power Plant Project in Cianjur Regency, PT. PLN (Persero) UIP,
Central Java I.



Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021          369
Janss, G. F. E. 2000. Avian mortality from power lines: a morphologic approach of a species-
specific mortality. Biological Conservation 95:353-359.

Jenkins, A. R., J. Smallie, and M. Diamond. 2010. Avian collisions with power lines: a global
review of causes and mitigation, with a South African perspective. Bird Conservation
International 20:263-278.

Jepson P, Ladle RJ. 2009. Governing bird-keeping in Java and Bali: evidence from a
household survey. Oryx 43:364-374.

Jones ES, Hayes GP, Bernardino M, Dannemann FK, Furlong KP, Benz HM, Villaseñor A.
2014. Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2012 Java and vicinity. Report. Survey USG, Reston, VA.

Katsis, L., P. M. K. Cunneyworth, K. M. E. Turner, and A. Presotto. 2018. Spatial Patterns of
Primate Electrocutions in Diani, Kenya. International Journal of Primatology 39:493-510.

KBA Standards and Appeals Committee. 2019. Guidelines for using a Global Standard for
the Identification of Key Biodiversity Areas. Version 1.0. Prepared by the KBA Standards
and Appeals Committee of the IUCN Species Survival Commission and IUCN World
Commission on Protected Areas. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.

Kolnegari, M., A. T. Qashqaei, M. Hazrati, A. A. Basiri, M. M. Tork Abad, and M. Ferrer. 2018.
Rare cases of carnivore mortality due to electric power distribution lines in Iran. Zoology and
Ecology 28:418-420.

Laurance, W. F., B. M. Croes, L. Tchignoumba, S. A. Lahm, A. Alonso, M. E. Lee, P.
Campbell, and C. Ondzeano. 2006. Impacts of roads and hunting on central African
rainforest mammals. Conservation Biology 20:1251-1261.

Laurance, W. F., B. M. Croes, L. Tchignoumba, S. A. Lahm, A. Alonso, M. E. Lee, P. Campbell,
and C. Ondzeano. 2006. Impacts of roads and hunting on central African rainforest mammals.
Conservation Biology 20:1251-1261.

Lavigne F, Gunnell Y. 2006. Land cover change and abrupt environmental impacts on Javan
volcanoes, Indonesia: a long-term perspective on recent events. Regional Environmental
Change 6:86-100.

LIPI. 2011. Laporan Survei I Studi Tematik Flora dan Fauna Di Wilayah Proyek PLTA
“Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage” Jawa Barat.

LIPI. 2012a. Laporan Survei II Studi Tematik Flora dan Fauna Di Wilayah Proyek PLTA
“Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage” Jawa Barat.

LIPI. 2012b. Laporan Akhir Studi Tematik Flora dan Fauna Di Wilayah Proyek PLTA
“Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage” Jawa Barat.

Lokschin, L. X., C. P. Rodrigo, J. N. Hallal Cabral, and G. Buss. 2007. Power Lines and Howler
Monkey Conservation in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Neotropical Primates 14:76-
80, 75.



Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021         370
Louys J, Meijaard E. 2010. Palaeoecology of Southeast Asian megafauna-bearing sites from
the Pleistocene and a review of environmental changes in the region. Journal of
Biogeography 37:1432–1449.

LPPM Unpad. 2011. Laporan Akhir LARAP (Rencana Pelaksanaan Pengadaan Tanah dan
Pemukiman Kembali). Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Sub Proyek: Jalan Hantar dan
Quarry. Final Report March 2011

LPPM Unpad. 2011. Laporan Akhir LARAP (Rencana Pelaksanaan Pengadaan Tanah dan
Pemukiman Kembali). Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Sub Proyek: Upper dan Lower
Reservoir. Final Report March 2011

LPPM Unpad. 2011. Laporan Akhir LARAP (Rencana Pelaksanaan Pengadaan Tanah dan
Pemukiman Kembali). Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Sub Proyek: Tapak Tower dan
SUTET. Final Report March 2011

Mardiastuti, A., Y. A. Mulyani, M. Hasan, and A. Kaban. 2019. Is forest remnants able to
support bird community? Case in tropical lowland forest of West Java, Indonesia. IOP
Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 399:012034.

Mehra, R. dan S. Esim. 1998. What Gender Analysis Can Contribute to Irrigation Research
and Practice in Developing Countries: Some Issues. Dalam Douglas Merrey and Shirish
Baviskar (eds). Gender Analysis and Reform of Irrigation Management: Concepts, Casess
and Gaps in Knowledge. IWMI

Meijaard E, Achdiawan R. 2011. Where Have All the Geckos Gone?
http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/archive/where-have-all-the-geckos-gone/443645/. The
Jakarta Post 28 May, 2011.

Meijaard, E. 2014. A review of historical habitat and threats of Small-clawed Otter on Java.
IUCN Otter Specialist Group Bulletin 31:40-43.

Millenium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Current Status
and Trends: Findings of the Condition and Trends Working Group. Press I, Washington.

Mittermeier RA, Gil PR, Hoffman M, Pilgrim J, Brooks T, Mittermeier CG, Lamoreux J, da
Fonseca GAB 2004. Hotspots Revisited. Earth's Biologically Richest and Most Endangered
Terrestrial Ecoregions. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA.
Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG 1998. Megadiversity: Earth's biologically wealthiest
nations. CEMEX.

Munandar Sulaeman dan Siti Homzah. 2010. Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan. Bandung:
Refika Aditama.

MWH and Stantec. 2018. Baseline Information Report Volume 4. Avifauna.

Nakabayashi, M., and A. H. Ahmad. 2018. Short-term movements and strong dependence
on figs of binturongs (Arctictis binturong) in Bornean rainforests. European Journal of
Wildlife Research 64:66.



Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021            371
Nes AV, Firmansyah I. 2013. Downstream Impacts of Water Pollution in the Upper Citarum
River , West Java , Indonesia Economic Assessment of Interventions to Improve Water
Quality.

Nijman, V and KAI Nektaris. 2014. Taboos, traditions and trade in slow lorises in Sundanese
communities in southern Java. Endangered Species Research, Vol. 25: 79 –88.

Nijman, V. 2020. Hylobates moloch. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020:
e.T10550A17966495. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-
2.RLTS.T10550A17966495.en. Downloaded on 20 January 2021.

Nijman, V., and A. Setiawan. 2020. Presbytis comata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species 2020: e.T18125A17955175. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-
2.RLTS.T18125A17955175.en. Downloaded on 20 January 2021.

Nijman, V., F. Germi, and S. B. van Balen. 2006. Relative status of two species of migrant
sparrowhawks on Java and Bali, Indonesia. Emu - Austral Ornithology 106:157-162.

Pannekoek, A. J. (1949). Garis Besar Geomorfologi Pulau Jawa.

Perum Perhutani Divre Jabar dan Banten. 2017. Laporan Hasil Monitoring Rehabilitasi
tanaman Kerjasama Perum Perhutani Divre Jabar dan Banten Denfan PT. PLN (Persero)
Unit Induk Pembangunan Jawa Bagian Tengah (JBT I). Departemen PSDA PIA. Bandung.

Perum Perhutani Divre Jabar dan Banten. 2018. LAPORAN PRA (Participatory Rural
Apraisal) Areal Terdampak Pembangunan PLTA Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage (UCPS)
Desa Margaluyu Kecamatan Campaka

PJT II. (2019). Neraca Ketersediaan Air Sungai Cisokan. Divisi Pengelolaan SDA & SDL
Perum Jasa Tirta II.

PLN Enjiniring/Nippon Koei/Newjec Inc./Indokoei International/Wiratman. (2019a). Dam
Design Review Report: December 2019.

PLN Enjiniring/Nippon Koei/Newjec Inc./Indokoei International/Wiratman. (2019b).
Hydrology Review Report.

PLN Enjiniring/Nippon Koei/Newjec Inc./Indokoei International/Wiratman. (2019c).
Seismology Review Report: December 2019.

PLN Enjiniring/Nippon Koei/Newjec Inc./Indokoei International/Wiratman. (2019d).
Summary of Design Review Report: December 2019.

PLN, Newjec Inc. (1995). Feasibilty Study for The Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage
Hydroelectric Power Development Project in The Republic Indonesia.

PLN. (1998). Environmental Impact Analysis of Upper Cisokan (Pumped Storage) HEPP
West Java. Final Report.




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021     372
PLN. (2007). Analisis Dampak Lingkungan (AMDAL)—PLTA Cisokan Hulu (Pumped
Storage).

PLN. (2011a). Enivronmental Impact Assessment (EIA)—Analisis Dampak Lingkungan
Gabungan.

PLN. (2011b). Revisi Andal PLTA Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Kapasitas 4x260 MW
Provinsi Jawa Barat (Jalan Hantar, Quarry, Pemanfaatan Fly Ash).

PLN. (2012a). Laporan Pelaksanaan RKL-RPL PLTA UCPS Semester I tahun 2012.

PLN. (2012b). Laporan Pelaksanaan RKL-RPL PLTA UCPS Semester II tahun 2012.

PLN. (2013a). Laporan Pelaksanaan RKL-RPL PLTA UCPS Semester I tahun 2013.

PLN. (2013b). Laporan Pelaksanaan RKL-RPL PLTA UCPS Semester II tahun 2013.

PLN. (2014a). Laporan Pelaksanaan RKL-RPL PLTA UCPS Semester I tahun 2014 (p. 157).

PLN. (2014b). Laporan Pelaksanaan RKL-RPL PLTA UCPS Semester II tahun 2014.

PLN. (2015a). Laporan Pelaksanaan RKL-RPL PLTA UCPS Semester I tahun 2015.

PLN. (2015b). Laporan Pelaksanaan RKL-RPL PLTA UCPS Semester II tahun 2015.

PLN. (2016a). Laporan Pelaksanaan RKL-RPL PLTA UCPS Semester I tahun 2016.

PLN. (2016b). Laporan Pelaksanaan RKL-RPL PLTA UCPS Semester II tahun 2016.

PLN. (2017a). Laporan Pelaksanaan RKL-RPL PLTA UCPS Semester I tahun 2017.

PLN. (2017b). Laporan Pelaksanaan RKL-RPL PLTA UCPS Semester II tahun 2017.

PLN. (2018a). Laporan Pelaksanaan RKL-RPL PLTA UCPS Semester I tahun 2018.

PLN. (2018b). Laporan Pelaksanaan RKL-RPL PLTA UCPS Semester II tahun 2018.

PLN. (2019a). Laporan Monitoring Implementasi RKL-RPL SUTET 500 KV PLTA Cisokan
Hulu.

PLN. (2019b). Laporan Pelaksanaan RKL-RPL PLTA UCPS Semester I tahun 2019.

PLN. (2019c). Laporan Pelaksanaan RKL-RPL PLTA UCPS Semester II tahun 2019.

PLN. (2019d). Social and Stakeholder Mapping PLN UCPS.

PLN. (2020). Statistik PLN 2019.




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021   373
PLN/FTIP Unpad. (2016). Monitoring & Evaluation Hydro-Electrical Power Upper Cisokan
Pumped Storage—Middle Term Report.

PLN/Newjec Inc. (2002). Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Power Plant
Project. Detailed Design. Part I to Part VIII.

PLN/Newjec Inc. (2007a). Supplement of Environmental Management Plan (RKL) and
Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL). 500kV Transmission Line Development for Upper
Cisokan Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Power Plant (UCPS) Bandung Regency and Cianjur
Regency West Java Province.

PLN/Newjec Inc. (2007b). Supplementary Study of Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage
Hydroelectric Power Plant Project. Volumes 1-6.

PLN/PT. Geotrav Bhuana. (2013). Laporan Akhir Studi Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai
(Watershed Management) Cisokan Hulu untuk Menunjang PLTA Upper Cisokan Pumped
Storage.

Policy Brief: gender and hydropower; Women’s right in development discourse.
https://www.csds-chula.org/publications/2017/10/2/gender-and-hydropower-womens-
rights-in-the-development-discourse

PPSDAL LPPM Unpad. 2014. Standard Operational Procedures (SOP) Penanganan Konflik
Manusia - Satwa Liar Dan Protokol Penanganan Satwa Liar. Studi Biodiversity Management
Plan

PPSDAL Unpad. 2014. Biodiversity Management Plan (BMP) PLTA Upper Cisokan Pumped
Storage (UCPS). Laporan Final Agustus 2014.

PPSDAL Unpad. 2014. Standard Operational Procedures (SOP) Land Clearing Procedure.
Studi Biodiversity Management Plan

PPSDAL Unpad. 2017. Laporan Akhir Jasa Konsultasi Implementasi BMP – Monitoring
Spesies, PLTA Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage (UCPS) 2016 – 2017.

Prasetyo LB, Wijaya CI, Setiawan Y. 2013. Spatial Model Approach for Deforestation: Case
Study in Java Island, Indonesia. Pages 1901-1912. Geographic Information Systems:
Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications. IGI Global.

Prinsen, H. A. M., J. J. Smallie, G. C. Boere, and N. Píres, editors. 2012. Guidelines on How to
Avoid or Mitigate Impact of Electricity Power Grids on Migratory Birds in the African-
Eurasian Region. AEWA Conservation Guidelines No. 14, CMS Technical Series No. 29,
AEWA Technical Series No. 50, CMS Raptors MOU Technical Series No. 3, Bonn, Germany.

PT. Gamma Epsilon. 2018. Monitoring Implementasi EMP dan RKL-RPL Pembangunan
SUTET 500 KV dan PLTA UCPS.

PT. Kwarsa Hexagon. 2015. Laporan Tahunan (Periode Oktober 2014-September 2015) Tim
Pemantau (Independent Monitoring Agency) PLTA Upper Cisokan.



Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021          374
PT. LAPI ITB. 2015. 3rd Monthly Report on Work of the Grievance Task Force for Upper
Cisokan Pumped Storage Hydropower Unit. PT. PLN (Persero) UIP VI

PT. PLN (Persero) dan Perum Perhutani. 2015. Perjanjian Kerjasama Antara Perum
Perhutani Dengan Pt Pln (Persero) Unit Induk Pembangunan VI Tentang Pelaksanaan
Peningkatan Fungsi Konservasi Kawasan Hutan Dl Daerah Tangkapan Air Sekitar
Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage 4 X 260 MW (PLTA UCPS).

PT. PLN (Persero) UIP JBT I. 2016. Laporan Program CSR 2016 Proyek PLTA Cisokan 4x260
MW.

PT. PLN (Persero). 2011. Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Hydropower (1040MW) (EMP)
Environment Management Plan. Laporan Final Maret 2011.

PT. PLN (Persero). 2011. Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Hydropower (1040MW) (EIA)
Environmental Impact Assessment Analisis Dampak Lingkungan Gabungan. Laporan Final
April 2011.

PT. PLN (Persero). 2014. Integrated Catchment Management (ICM) Upper Cisokan
Catchment Area.

PT. PLN Persero UIP JBT I. 2015. Biodiversity Management Plan Upper Cisokan Pumped
Storage Achieving Biodiversity Conservation through Integrated Catchment Management.
Laporan Final Version September 2015.

Rahmat, A. (2009). UCPSS Biodiversity. Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Power Project
(UCPSS) Additional Environmental Studies 2009.

Rahmat, A. 2009. UCPSS Biodiversity Survey. Upper Cisokan Pumped Power Project
(UCPSS). Additional Environmental Studies 2009.

Ram, C., G. Sharma, and L. Rajpurohit. 2015. Mortality and threats to Hanuman langurs
(Semnopithecus entellus entellus) in and around Jodhpur (Rajasthan). Indian Forester 141:1042–
1045.

Ranny, Rastati. 2019. https://pmb.lipi.go.id/perempuan-dan-desa-sudahkah-merdeka/

Rosa H, Kandel S, L. D 2003. Compensation for Environmental Services and Rural
Communities: Lessons from the Americas and Key Issues for Stregthening Community
Strategies Prisma, San Salvador.

Sapač, K., Medved, A., Rusjan, S., & Bezak, N. (2019). Investigation of Low- and High-Flow
Characteristics of Karst Catchments under Climate Change. Water, 11(5), 925.
https://doi.org/10.3390/w11050925

Scoones, I. 1998. Sustainable rural livelihood: A Framework for Analysis. IDS Working
Paper No.72. Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex. Brighton.




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021        375
Shimbun, C. 2017. Chubu Electric uses artificial nests so crows don't build their own on power
towers.      https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/05/22/national/chubu-electric-uses-
artificial-nests-crows-dont-build-power-towers/.

Stuart, B., G. Wogan, L. Grismer, M. Auliya, R. F. Inger, R. Lilley, T. Chan-Ard, N. Thy, T. Q.
Nguyen, C. Srinivasulu, and D. Jelić. 20112. Ophiophagus hannah. The IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species 2012: e.T177540A1491874. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-
1.RLTS.T177540A1491874.en. Downloaded on 21 January 2021.

Surat Izin Penggunaan Sumber Daya Air, (2014).

Sutrisno, H., T. Partomihardjo, T. Triono, A. Sadeli, M. Irham, S. Wihantoro, I. Sidik, R. K.
Hadiaty, Y. S. Fitriana, F. Rifai, A. Marakamah, M. Wahyudin, A. Supriyatna, Sarifudin,
Kurnianingsih, and J. Nurdin. 2012. Final Report. A study on the flora and fauna in the project
area of HEPP "Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage" West Java. Research Center for Biology,
Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bogor, Indonesia.

Toolkit for integrating GBV prevention and response into USAID Energy and Infrastructure
Projects, USAID.2015.
https://www.climateinvestmentfunds.org/sites/default/files/usaid_gbv_ei_toolkit.pdf

Whitten T, Soeriaatmadja RE, Afiff SA 1996. The ecology of Java and Bali. Periplus Editions,
Singapore.
Whitten T, van Dijk PP, Curran L, Meijaard E, Supriatna J, Ellis S. 2004. Sundaland in
Mittermeier RA, Gil PR, Hoffmann M, Pilgrim J, Brooks T, Mittermeier CG, Lamoreux J, and
da Fonseca GAB, editors. Hotspots revisited: Another look at Earth's richest and most
endangered terrestrial ecoregions. Cemex, Mexico.

World Meteorological Organization, World Meteorological Organization, & Organisation
Météorologique Mondiale. (2008). Manual on low-flow estimation and prediction:
Operational hydrology report no. 50. WMO.

Wulan TR. 2007. Pengetahuan dan kekuasaan: Penguatan remitan sosial sebagai strategi
pemberdayaan buruh migran perempuan Indonesia. Warta Demografi. 37

Zeller, Manfred ; Sharma, Manohar P. ; Ahmed, Akhter U. ; Rashid, Shahidur, 2001. Group
Based Financial Institutions For The Rural Poor In Bangladesh: An Institutional- And
Household-Level Analysis, International Food Policy Research Institute Washington,D.C.




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021         376
APPENDIX A. LIST OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL RISK
MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS
Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)

Biodiversity Management Plan (BMP)

Social and Community Management Plan (SCMP)

Forest Partnership Framework (FPF)

Land Acquisition and Resettlement Framework (LARF)

Land Acquisition and Resettlement Action Plan (LARAP)




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021   377
APPENDIX B. MAPS OF UCPS PROJECT




Figure B1. Integration Maps of UCPS Project


Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021   378
Figure B2. Quarry and surrounding landscape and land cover



Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021   379
Figure B3. Upper Dam Design and Reservoir Plan


Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021   380
Figure B4. Upper dam engineering plan


Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021   381
Figure B5. Lower Dam Design and Reservoir Plan


Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021   382
Figure B6. Lower dam engineering plan


Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021   383
Figure B7. Temporary Working Process during Construction Stage, including disposal site, basecamp or workers and sheet pile location



Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                    384
Figure B8. Upper and Lower Dam Design


Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021   385
Figure B9. Sliding Zones and Slope




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021   386
Figure B10. Quarry of Karang Mountain


Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021   387
Figure B11. Forestry Use Zones in Project Area



Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021   388
Figure B12. Acquisition land of UCPS Project



Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021   389
Figure B13. Prospective Replacement Land for Forest Area of West Bandung Regency


Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021   390
APPENDIX C. RULES AND
REGULATIONS




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021   391
APPENDIX C. RULES AND REGULATIONS
Legislative regulations that have been established by the government and become the legal
basis for the preparation of the ESIA Development Report for UCPS, are as follows:


Rules and Laws
    1. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian
        Regulations
    2. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No.1 of 1970 concerning Work Safety
    3. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No.5 of 1990 concerning Protection of Biological
        Natural Resources and their Ecosystems.
    4. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No.23 of 1992 concerning Health.
    5. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 5 of 1994 concerning the Ratification of the
        United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (United Nations Convention on
        Biological Diversity)
    6. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry.
    7. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower
    8. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 19 of 2003 on BUMN
    9. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 21 of 2004 concerning the Cartagena Protocol
        concerning Biosafety of the Convention on Biodiversity
    10. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No.40 of 2004 concerning the National Social
        Security System
    11. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning
    12. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability
        Companies
    13. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No.4 of 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining
        as amended by Law No. 3 of 2020.
    14. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 30 of 2009 concerning Electricity
    15. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No.32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection
        and Management
    16. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 36 of 2009 concerning Health
    17. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 1 of 2011 concerning Housing and Settlement
        Areas
    18. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No.2 of 2012 concerning Land Acquisition for
        Development for Public Interest
    19. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No.6 of 2014 concerning Villages
    20. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No.35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law No.
        23 of 2003 concerning Child Protection
    21. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government
    22. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No.2 of 2017 concerning Construction Services
    23. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 17 of 2019 concerning Water Resources
    24. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No.11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation



Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021    392
Government Regulations
    1. Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 7 of 1999 concerning the
        Preservation of Plants and Animals
    2. Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No.25 of 2000 concerning the
        Authority of Provincial Autonomous Regional Governments
    3. Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 16 of 2004 concerning Land
        Use Management
    4. Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No.45 of 2004 concerning Forest
        Protection
    5. Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 6 of 2007 concerning Forest
        Management and Formulation of Forest Management Plans, and Forest Utilization
    6. Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 38 of 2007 concerning the
        Division of Government Affairs, Provincial Government and District / City
        Government.
    7. Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No.3 of 2008 concerning
        Amendments to Government Regulation No.6 of 2007 concerning Forest
        Management and Formulation of Forest Management Plans and Forest Utilization.
    8. Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No.26 of 2008 concerning the
        National Spatial Plan
    9. Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No.60 of 2009 concerning
        Amendments to Government Regulation No.45 of 2004 concerning Forest Protection.
    10. Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No.10 of 2010 concerning
        Procedures for Designation and Function of Forest Areas.
    11. Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No.15 of 2010 concerning the
        Implementation of Spatial Planning.
    12. Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No.22 of 2010 concerning
        Mining Areas.
    13. Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 24 of 2010 concerning the
        Use of Forest Areas
    14. Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 72/2010 concerning State
        Forestry Public Company (PERUM).
    15. Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No.28 of 2011 concerning
        Management of Nature Reserve Areas and Nature Conservation Areas.
    16. Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No.27 of 2012 concerning
        Environmental Permits
    17. Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No.37 of 2012 concerning
        Management of Watersheds.
    18. Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No.60 of 2012 concerning
        Amendments to Government Regulation No.10 of 2010 concerning Procedures for
        Designation and Function of Forest Areas.
    19. Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No.61 of 2012 concerning
        Amendments to Government Regulation No.24 of 2010 concerning Use of Forest
        Areas.


Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021   393
    20. Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No.104 of 2015 concerning
        Procedures for Changing the Designation and Function of Forest Areas.
    21. Government Regulation No. 105/2015 on the Second Amendment to Government
        Regulation No. 24/2010 concerning the Use of Forest Areas.
    22. Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No.108 of 2015 concerning
        Amendments to Government Regulation No.28 of 2011 concerning Management of
        Nature Reserve Areas and Nature Conservation Areas.
    23. Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 88 of 2019 concerning
        Occupational Health


Presidential Regulation
    1. Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 32 of 1990 concerning
       Management of Protected Areas
    2. Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 148 of 2015 concerning
       Implementation of Land Acquisition for Development for Public Interest.
    3. Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 62 of 2018 concerning
       Handling of Social Impacts in the Community in the Context of Providing Land for
       National Development


Ministerial Regulations and Decree
    1. Minister of Environment Regulation No. 08 of 2006 on Guidelines for Environmental
       Impact Analysis
    2. Minister of Manpower Regulation No. 33 of 2015 concerning Amendments to the
       Minister of Manpower Regulation No. 12 of 2015 concerning Safety and Health at
       Work Electricity in the Workplace
    3. Regulation of the Minister of Life Protection and Forestry No.P.27 / Menlhk / Setjen
       / Kum.1 / 7/2018 concerning Guidelines for Borrowing and Using Forest Areas.
    4. Regulation of the Minister of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 of
       2018 concerning Occupational Safety and Health in the Work Environment
    5. Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No.27 of 2018
       concerning Compensation for Land, Buildings and / or Plants Under Free Space of
       the Electric Power Transmission Network.
    6. Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry No.P.7 / Menlhk / Setjen /
       Kum.1 / 2/2019 concerning Amendments to the Regulation of the Minister of Life
       and Forestry Protection No.P.27 / Menlhk / Setjen / Kum.1 / 7/2018 About
       Borrowing and Use of Forest Areas Guidelines.
    7. Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No.2 of 2019 concerning
       Amendments to the Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources
       No.18 of 2015 concerning Free Space and Minimum Clearance in High-Voltage
       Airways, Extra-High-Voltage Airways and Airways High Voltage Direct Current For
       The Distribution of Electric Power.



Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021     394
    8. Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia
        Number P.38 / MENLHK / SETJEN / KUM.1 / 7/2019 concerning Types of
        Business Plans and / or Activities that Require an Environmental Impact Analysis
    9. Joint Decree of the Minister of Manpower and the Minister of Public Works of the
        Republic of Indonesia No. 174 of 1986 no. 104 / KPTS / 1986 concerning
        Occupational Safety and Health at Workplace Construction Section.
    10. Minister of Mining and Energy Decree No. 103.K / MPE / 1994 concerning
        Guidelines for Environmental Management (RKL) and Environmental Monitoring
        (RPL) in the Mining and Energy Sector
    11. Decree of the Minister of Mining and Energy No. 1899.K / MPE / 1994 concerning
        the Implementation of Electric Power Environmental Monitoring
    12. Decree of the General Director of Energy and Electricity Development No. 7.12 / 008
        / 600.2 / 1995, concerning Implementation Instructions for Supervision of
        Environmental Management and Monitoring of Electric Power
    13. Decree of the Minister of Mines and Energy No. 1211.K / 008 / M.PE / 1995
        concerning the Prevention and Overcoming of Environmental Destruction and
        Pollution in General Mining Business Activities.
    14. Minister of Environment Decree No.48 of 1996 concerning Noise Level
    15. Minister of Environment Decree No. KEP-299 / MENLH / 11/1996, concerning
        Technical Guidelines and Analysis of Social Aspects in the Preparation of
        Environmental Impact Analysis
    16. Decree of the Minister of Mines and Energy No. 975.K / 47 / MPE / 99 concerning
        Regulations in Lieu of Decree of the Minister of Mines and Energy No.01.P / 47 /
        MPE / 92 concerning Free Space for High Voltage Transmission and Extra High
        Voltage Transmission.
    17. Decree of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 1457 K / 28 / MEM /
        2000 concerning Technical Guidelines for Environmental Management in the Mining
        and Energy Sector.
    18. Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 17 of 2001, concerning business and / or
        activity plans that require environmental impact analysis
    19. Decree of the Minister of the Environment Number 86 of 2002 concerning Guidelines
        for Implementing Environmental Management Efforts and Environmental
        Monitoring Efforts
    20. Minister of Forestry Decree No. P.14 / Menhut-II / 2006, concerning Guidelines for
        Borrowing and Using Forest Areas
    21. Decree of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No.143K / 20 / MEM / 2018
        concerning the 2019-2038 National Electricity Plan.


Head of BAPEDAL Decree
    1. Decree of the Head of BAPEDAL No. 056 of 1994 concerning Guidelines for the
       Determination of Significant Impacts.
    2. Decree of the Head of BAPEDAL No. 299 BAPEDAL / 11/1996 concerning Technical
       Guidelines for Social Aspects a.) In Environmental Impact Analysis Studies.

Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021     395
    3. Decree of the Head of BAPEDAL No. Kep.105 of 2007, concerning Guidelines for the
       Implementation of Environmental Management Plans (RKL) and Environmental
       Monitoring Plans (RPL)
    4. Decree of the Head of BAPEDAL No. Kep-124/12/1997 regarding Guidelines for
       Public Health Aspects in Environmental Impact Analysis Studies.
    5. Decree of the Head of BAPEDAL No. 08 of 2000 concerning Community
       Involvement in Environmental Impact Analysis Studies.
    6. Decree of the Head of BAPEDAL No. 09/2000 on Guidelines for Environmental
       Impact Analysis


Local Regulations
    1. West Java Provincial Regulation No. 2 of 2006 concerning Management of Protected
       Areas
    2. West Java Provincial Regulation No. 22 of 2010 concerning the 2009-2029 West Java
       Provincial Spatial Plan.
    3. West Java Provincial Regulation No. 01 of 2013 concerning Guidelines for
       Conservation and Control of the Use of Protected Areas
    4. West Java Provincial Regulation No. 08/2014 on Forestry Implementation
    5. West Java Governor Decree No. 39 of 2000 concerning Water Allocation and Water
       Quality Standards for the Citarum River and Its Tributaries in West Java
    6. Regional Regulation of West Bandung Regency No.2 of 2012 concerning the Spatial
       Plan of West Bandung Regency in 2009 - 2029
    7. Regional Regulation of West Bandung Regency Number 5 of 2012 concerning
       Protection and Management of the Regional Environment
    8. Cianjur Regency Regional Regulation No. 17 of 2012 concerning the 2011-2031 Cianjur
       Regency Spatial Plan


Circular Letter
    1. Circular Letter of the Minister of Environment No.31 / SE / MENKLH / 6/1987
       concerning Procedures for Handling Environmental Damage and Pollution
    2. Decree of the Director General of Industrial Relations and Labor Inspection No. 311
       of 2002 concerning the Occupational Safety and Health Competency Certification of
       Electricians
    3. Circular Letter of the Minister of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia No. B-
       14134 / MENLH / KP / 12/2003 Concerning Directives for Implementation of Article
       1212 of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and
       Management




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021    396
APPENDIX D. ENVIRONMENTAL
PERMIT




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021   397
APPENDIX D. ENVIRONMENTAL PERMIT




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021   398
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021   399
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021   400
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021   401
APPENDIX E. ORGANIZATIONAL
TEAM




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021   402
       APPENDIX E. ORGANIZATIONAL TEAM
                             Place, Date of                                                                     Experience
 No.          Name                                 ID. Number              Last Education        Position                              Expertise
                                 Birth                                                                            (Years)

  1              2                  3                    4                        5                 6                7                      8

TA-1                                                                                                                         Expertise in
                                                                        Phylosophy Doctor   Team Leader: ESIA
                             Bandung, 2                                 (PhD) in Agro-      Expert                           Environmental and Social
        Robi Andoyo                              3217010203780013                                               15 Years
                             Maret 1978                                 Industrial                                           Management System (ESMS),
                                                                        Technology                                           Environmental Impact
                                                                                                                             Analysis (ANDAL)

        Dwi Rustam                                                                                                           Expertise in Soil Water
                                                                        Doctoral in         Hydrologist or
        Kendarto             Sleman, 29                                                                                      Engineering, Water Resources
TA-2                                             3273182910690002       Agriculture         Water Resources     25 Years
                             October 1969                                                                                    and Spatial Information
                                                                        Engineering         Specialist
                                                                                                                             Technology

TA-3    Gemilang L           Bandung, 20         3273092010840001       Doctoral in         Biodiversity                     Expertise in Expertise in
        Utama                October 1984                               Environmental       Management
                                                                        Science             Specialist          10 Years     Environmental and Social
                                                                                                                             Management System (ESMS),
                                                                                                                             Environmental Impact
                                                                                                                             Analysis (ANDAL) and
                                                                                                                             Biodiversity Analysis

TA-4    Indra                Merauke, 4          3273220404830007       Master of Science   Greenhouse Gas /    13 Years     Expertise in
        Firmansyah           April 1983                                 (M.Sc.) in          Climate Change
                                                                        Environmental       Specialist                       Environmental and Social
                                                                        Management                                           Management System (ESMS),
                                                                                                                             Environmental Impact
                                                                                                                             Analysis (ANDAL), capacity
                                                                                                                             building and Community
                                                                                                                             Empowerment,
                                                                                                                             Environmental and natural

  Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                403
                                                                                                                                 management and monitoring,
                                                                                                                                 and baseline social / economic
                                                                                                                                 and environmental studies

TA-5    Dede A. Hasyir       Purwakarta,         3273021608800004       Master of Accounting    Social Impact         10 Years   Expertise in Social Impact
                             16 August                                                          Assessment and                   Analysis, Environmental and
                             1980                                                               Consultation                     Social Governance, and
                                                                                                Specialist                       Sustainability Reporting

TA-6                                                                    Master of               Gender Specialist     17 Years   Expertise in gender-based
                                                                        Engineering,                                             research and activities
                             Jakarta, 30                                Bachelor in Political
        Antik Bintari        August 1975         3277037008750010       and Social Science

TA-7    Sudaryat             Bandung, 7          3273270704710002       Doctoral in Law         Resource              20 Years   Expertise in Handling in
        Permana              April 1971                                                         Management, Land                 Land Acquisition, Mining,
                                                                                                or Conservation                  Corporate Action, Intellectual
                                                                                                Legal Expert                     property and employment
                                                                                                                                 cases in court and outside the
                                                                                                                                 court

TA-8    Indra                Merauke, 4          3273220404830007       Master of Science       Occupational Health   13 Years   Expertise in
        Firmansyah           April 1983                                 (M.Sc.) in              and Safety Expert
                                                                        Environmental                                            Environmental and Social
                                                                        Management                                               Management System (ESMS),
                                                                                                                                 Environmental Impact
                                                                                                                                 Analysis (ANDAL), capacity
                                                                                                                                 building and Community
                                                                                                                                 Empowerment,
                                                                                                                                 Environmental and natural
                                                                                                                                 management and monitoring,
                                                                                                                                 and baseline social / economic
                                                                                                                                 and environmental studies.




  Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                     404
TA-9    Rizky Mulya          Pati, 9 Maret                                                                                    Expertise in Spatial
                                                                                            GIS Specialist          8 Years
        Sampurno             1989                3201140903890000       Master of Science                                     Information Technology

TP-1    Muhamad Akbar        Bandung, 4          3204374405920012       Bachelor (S1)       Assistant of Labour     4 Years   Experience on Labour
        Anugrah              Mei 1992                                                       Management                        Management

TP-2    Musfiq Amrullah      Cirebon, 14         3209351410920001       Bachelor (S1)       Assistant of Cultural   4 Years   Experience on Cultural
                             October 1992                                                   Heritage                          Heritage and Chance Find
                                                                                                                              Procedue



TP-3    Yulinda Silviana     31 Maret 1992       3204057103920001       Bachelor(S1)        Bi-lingual secretary    5 Years   Experience on
                                                                                                                              Communication and
                                                                                                                              Secretarial activities

TP-4    Rahmi                Sumedang, 18        3211155805880006       Bachelor (S1)       Computer Operator       4 Years   Experience as computer
        Rahmawati            Mei 1989                                                                                         operator




  Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                  405
        APPENDIX F. SPECIES LISTS
        Table A1. List of plants found in UCPS

                                                                                                       Kategori                                                              Lokasi
No.      FamilyFamili                   Nama IlmiahScientific name   Local nameNama Daerah                                  Permen   CITES   IUCN
                                                                                             Po   Ti     Pc       Sm   Tb                           13   14   15   16   17    18      19   20    21   22   23
 1    Achariaceae       Pangium edule Reinw. ex Blume                Picung                  +                                −       −       −                                            √

      Actinidiaceae     Saurauia pendula Blume.                      Kileho                       +                           −       −      LC               √                √      √    √     √         √
 2
 3    Altingiaceae      Altingia excelsa Noronha                     Rasamala                     +                           −       −      LC     √    √    √    √    √      √      √    √     √    √    √
 4    Amarantaceae      Achyranthes aspera Linn.                     Jarong                                            +      −       −       −     √    √    √    √    √      √      √    √     √    √    √
 5    Amarantaceae      Amaranthus caudatus L.                       Bayam Liar                                        +      −       −       −     √    √                            √    √     √    √    √
 6    Anacardiaceae     Mangifera odorata Griff.                     Limus                        +                           −       −      DD     √    √         √    √      √      √    √          √
 7    Anacardiaceae     Mangifera indica L.                          Mangga                  +           +                    −       −      DD     √    √                            √               √
 8    Annonaceae        Annona squamosa L.                           Nona Belanda            +                                −       −       −                                       √
 9    Annonaceae        Annona muricata L.                           Sirsak                       +                           −       −       −               √                √      √
10    Apocynaceae       Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.               Lame                         +      +                    −       −      LC               √                       √    √     √         √
11    Apocynaceae       Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don               Tapak Dara                                        +      −       −       −               √                       √    √
12    Aracaeae          Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G.Don             Sente                                             +      −       −       −     √    √    √    √    √      √      √    √     √    √    √
13    Araceae           Colocasia esculenta L.                       Talas                                             +      −       −       −     √    √    √    √    √      √      √               √
14    Araceae           Caladium bicolor (Aiton) Vent.               Keladi                                            +      −       −       −               √                            √
15    Araceae           Anthurium andraeanum Linden ex André         Gelombang cinta                                   +      −       −       −               √                       √
16    Araliaceae        Macropanax dispermus (Blume) Kuntze          Cerem                               +                    −       −      LC               √                       √    √     √         √
17    Araliaceae        Schefflera lucida (Blume) Frodin             Ramo giling                         +                    −       −       −               √                            √
18    Arecaceae         Areca catechu L.                             Pinang                       +                           −       −       −               √                       √
19    Arecaceae         Cocos nucifera L.                            Kelapa                       +                           −       −       −          √    √                       √
20    Arecaceae         Wodyetia bifurcata A.K.Irvine                Palem ekor tupai             +                           −       −      DD               √                                  √         √
21    Arecaceae         Rhapis excelsa L.f. ex Aiton                 Waregu                                       +           −       −       −               √                       √          √         √
22    Arecaceae         Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.                 Aren                    +                                −       −       −     √    √    √    √    √      √           √          √
23    Arecaceae         Plectocomia elongata Mart. ex Blume          Bubuay                              +                    −       −       −               √                            √


        Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                                                406
                                                                                                                   Kategori                                                              Lokasi
No.     FamilyFamili                   Nama IlmiahScientific name                Local nameNama Daerah                                  Permen   CITES   IUCN
                                                                                                         Po   Ti     Pc       Sm   Tb                           13   14   15   16   17    18      19   20    21   22   23
24    Asteraceae       Ageratum conyzoides L.                                    Babadotan                                         +      −       −       −     √    √    √    √    √      √           √     √    √    √
25    Asteraceae       Clibadium surinamense L.                                  Katepos                             +        +           −       −       −               √    √    √      √                 √         √
26    Asteraceae       Austroeupatorium inulifolium (Kunth) R.M. King & H.Rob.   Kirinyuh                            +        +           −       −       −     √    √         √    √      √           √          √
27    Asteraceae       Bidens pilosa L.                                          Harega                                            +      −       −       −     √    √    √    √    √      √           √     √    √    √
28    Asteraceae       Chrysanthemum x grandiflorum L.                           Serunai                                           +      −       −       −                                       √    √     √         √
29    Asteraceae       Acmella paniculata (Wall. ex DC.) R.K.Jansen              Rumput Jotang                                     +      −       −       −     √    √         √    √      √           √     √    √    √
30    Asteraceae       Blumea balsamifera L.                                     Daun sembung                                      +      −       −       −          √         √    √      √                 √         √
31    Asteraceae       Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray                     Kipait                                            +      −       −       −     √    √         √    √      √      √    √     √    √    √
32    Asteraceae       Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S.Moore              Sintrong                                          +      −       −       −     √    √         √    √      √      √    √          √
33    Asteraceae       Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. Ex Wight                      Tespog                                            +      −       −       −     √    √    √    √    √      √      √    √     √    √    √
34    Asteraceae       Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass.                        Seungit mangga ngora                              +      −       −       −     √    √    √                                  √    √    √
35    Asteraceae       Elephantopus scaber L.                                    Tapak liman                                       +      −       −       −     √    √    √         √      √           √          √
36    Balsaminaceae    Impatiens balsamina L.                                    Pacar air                                         +      −       −       −     √    √         √    √      √      √    √     √    √    √
37    Basellaceae      Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis                        Binahong                                          +      −       −       −               √                       √
38    Begoniaceae      Begonia isoptera Dryand. ex Sm.                           Hariang bodas                                     +      −       −       −     √         √                            √     √    √    √
39    Bignoniaceae     Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv.                            Kiacret                 +                                −       −       −          √         √    √      √      √    √     √         √
40    Bromeliaceae     Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.                                 Nanas                                        +           −       −       −                                       √          √         √
41    Cannabaceae      Trema orientalis (L.) Blume                               Kuray                   +    +      +                    −       −      LC     √    √    √    √    √      √      √    √          √
42    Caricaceae       Carica papaya L.                                          Pepaya                              +                    −       −       −          √    √    √    √      √      √          √         √
43    Convolvulaceae   Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.                                  Kangkung                                          +      −       −       −               √                       √
44    Costaceae        Cheilocostus speciosus (J.König) C.Specht                 Pacing                                       +           −       −      LC          √                     √      √    √
45    Cucurbitaceae    Cucurbita argyrosperma L.                                 Labu besar                                        +      −       −       −               √                       √
46    Elaeocarpaceae   Sloanea sigun (Blume) K. Schum.                           Tebe                         +      +                    −       −       −               √                            √
47    Euphorbiaceae    Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.          Karet                        +                           −       −       −                                       √
48    Euphorbiaceae    Euphorbia milii Desmoul.                                  Euphorbia                                         +      −       −      DD                                                  √         √
49    Euphorbiaceae    Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch                  Kastuba                                      +           −       −       −               √                       √          √         √
50    Euphorbiaceae    Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd                            Kemiri                  +    +      +                    −       −       −          √    √                       √          √         √


        Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                                                            407
                                                                                                              Kategori                                                                Lokasi
No.     FamilyFamili                    Nama IlmiahScientific name          Local nameNama Daerah                                  Permen   CITES   IUCN
                                                                                                    Po   Ti     Pc       Sm   Tb                             13   14   15   16   17    18      19   20    21   22   23
51    Euphorbiaceae    Manihot esculenta Crantz.                            Singkong                                     +           −       −        −           √    √    √    √      √      √          √         √
52    Euphorbiaceae    Macaranga tanarius (L.) Müll.Arg.                    Mara                         +      +                    −       −        −           √    √    √    √      √           √     √         √
53    Euphorbiaceae    Macaranga triloba (Blume) Mull. Arg.                 Mara                                +        +           −       −               √    √    √    √    √      √      √    √          √
54    Fabaceae         Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes     Albasiah                +    +      +                    −       −        −           √    √    √    √      √      √    √
55    Fabaceae         Calliandra calothyrsus Meisn.                        Kaliandra                           +                    −       −        −      √    √    √    √    √      √      √    √          √
56    Fabaceae         Erythrina variegata L.                               Dadap                        +                           −       −        −                                        √
57    Fabaceae         Erythrina microcarpa Koord. & Valeton                Dadap Cangkring         +    +                           −       −        −                                        √          √         √
58    Fabaceae         Cassia siamea Lamk                                   Johar                   +    +      +                    −       −        −                √                                  √         √
59    Fabaceae         Parkia speciosa Hassk.                               Petai                   +    +                           −       −        −           √         √    √      √           √     √         √
60    Fabaceae         Mimosa pigra L.                                      Rumput garuk                        +                    −       −        −           √    √                       √    √     √         √
61    Fabaceae         Clitoria ternatea L.                                 Kembang Telang                                    +      −       −        −           √         √    √      √      √    √
62    Fabaceae         Leucaena leucocephala (Lamk.) de Wit                 Petai cina                   +      +                    −       −        −           √         √    √      √      √    √
63    Fabaceae         Arachis hypogaea L.                                  Kacang tanah                                      +      −       −        −                     √    √      √
64    Fabaceae         Tamarindus indica L.                                 Asam jawa               +                                −       −       LC                                        √
65    Fabaceae         Glycine max subsp. soja (Siebold & Zucc.) H.Ohashi   Soya                                              +      −       −        −                                        √
66    Fabaceae         Acacia mangium Willd.                                Akasia                  +    +                           −       −       LC                                        √          √         √
67    Fabaceae         Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp.             Gamal                               +                    −       −       LC           √         √    √      √      √
68    Fabaceae         Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr.                          Trembesi                     +      +                    −       −        −                                        √
69    Fabaceae         Phaseolus lunatus L.                                 Kacang roway/kratok                          +           −       −        −                                        √          √         √
70    Fabaceae         Pterocarpus indicus Willd.                           Angsana                      +      +                    −       −      VUEN**                                     √          √         √
71    Fabaceae         Archidendron pauciflorum (Benth.) I.C.Nielsen        Jengkol                      +      +                    −       −        −           √         √    √      √      √    √
72    Hypoxidaceae     Molineria capitulata (Lour.) Herb.                   Congkok                                           +      −       −        −      √    √         √    √      √      √    √     √    √    √
73    Lamiaceae        Hyptis capitata Jacq.                                Bobotolan                                    +           −       −        −                     √    √      √      √
74    Lamiaceae        Tectona grandis Linn.f.                              Jati                    +           +                    −       −        −           √         √    √      √      √    √     √         √
75    Lamiaceae        Lavandula angustifolia L.                            Lavender                                     +           −       −        −                                        √
76    Lamiaceae        Gmelina arborea Roxb.                                Jati putih              +    +                           −       −       LC           √         √    √      √      √
77    Lamiaceae        Ocimum x africanum Lour.                             Sarung Langit                                     +      −       −        −                                                   √         √


        Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                                                         408
                                                                                                               Kategori                                                              Lokasi
No.     FamilyFamili                    Nama IlmiahScientific name           Local nameNama Daerah                                  Permen   CITES   IUCN
                                                                                                     Po   Ti     Pc       Sm   Tb                           13   14   15   16   17    18      19   20    21   22   23
78    Lauraceae         Cinnamomum verum J.Presl                             Kayu manis                   +      +                    −       −       −                                       √    √
79    Lauraceae         Persea americana Mill.                               Alpukat                      +      +        +           −       −      LC     √    √         √    √      √      √    √          √
80    Laxmanniaceae     Cordyline fruticosa Comm. ex R.Br.                   Hanjuang                                     +           −       −       −                                       √    √     √         √
81    Magnoliaceae      Magnolia lanuginosa (Wall.) Figlar & Noot.           Manglid                             +                    −       −      DD     √                                 √    √     √    √    √
82    Malvaceae         Durio zibethinus Rumph. ex Murray                    Durian                  +           +                    −       −       −          √              √                  √
83    Malvaceae         Hibiscus macrophyllus Roxb.                          Tisuk                   +                    +           −       −       −     √    √         √    √      √      √    √     √    √    √
84    Malvaceae         Ceiba pentandra (L). Gaertn.                         Randu                   +                                −       −       −          √                            √    √     √         √
85    Malvaceae         Theobroma cacao L                                    Cokelat                             +                    −       −       −                                            √     √         √
86    Melastomataceae   Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don                           Harendong bulu                                    +      −       −       −     √    √         √    √      √           √          √
87    Melastomataceae   Melastoma malabathricum L.                           Harendong                           +             +      −       −       −     √    √         √    √      √           √     √    √    √
88    Meliaceae         Swietenia macrophylla King.                          Mahoni                       +      +                    −       −      VU*                                           √
89    Meliaceae         Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.                        Mahoni                  +                                −       −      NT*         √
90    Meliaceae         Dysoxylum parasiticum (Osbeck) Kosterm.              Pisitan Monyet               +                           −       −       −                                            √     √         √
91    Meliaceae         Melia azedarach L                                    Mindi                        +      +                    −       −      LC                    √    √      √           √
92    Meliaceae         Toona sureni (Blume) Merr.                           Suren                   +    +      +                    −       −      LC     √    √         √    √      √      √    √          √
93    Moraceae          Morus alba L.                                        Murbei                              +                    −       −       −                                       √
94    Moraceae          Ficus elastica Roxb.                                 Karet Kebo              +                                −       −       −                                       √          √         √
95    Moraceae          Artocarpus camansi Blanco                            Keluwih                      +                           −       −       −                                       √
96    Moraceae          Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.                        Nangka                       +      +                    −       −       −          √         √    √      √           √     √         √
97    Moraceae          Ficus benjamina L.                                   Beringin                +                                −       −      LC                    √    √      √      √    √
98    Moraceae          Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson ex F.A.Zorn) Fosberg   Sukun                        +      +                    −       −       −     √    √         √    √      √      √          √    √    √
99    Moraceae          Ficus septica Burm.f.                                Kiciyat                             +        +           −       −      LC          √    √    √                  √    √     √         √
100   Moraceae          Ficus fistulosa Reinw. ex Blume                      Beunying                     +      +                    −       −      LC                                       √
101   Moraceae          Ficus padana Burm.f.                                 Hamerang                +    +                           −       −      LC     √    √    √         √      √      √    √          √
102   Moraceae          Ficus variegata Blume                                Kondang                 +                                −       −      LC                                            √     √         √
103   Moraceae          Artocarpus elasticus Reinw. ex Blume                 Teureup                 +    +      +                    −       −      LC               √                            √
104   Moraceae          Ficus racemosa L.                                    Loa                                 +                    −       −      LC                                            √


        Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                                                        409
                                                                                                        Kategori                                                              Lokasi
No.     FamilyFamili                     Nama IlmiahScientific name   Local nameNama Daerah                                  Permen   CITES   IUCN
                                                                                              Po   Ti     Pc       Sm   Tb                           13   14   15   16   17    18      19   20    21   22   23
105   Muntingiaceae    Muntingia calabura L.                          Kersen                              +        +           −       −       −                                       √    √     √         √
106   Musaceae         Musa × paradisiaca L.                          Pisang                              +                    −       −       −     √    √         √    √      √      √    √     √    √    √
107   Myrtaceae        Syzygium aqueum Brm.F                          Jambu air               +    +      +                    −       −       −          √                            √    √     √         √
108   Myrtaceae        Psidium guajava L.                             Jambu batu                   +               +           −       −       −          √                            √          √         √
109   Myrtaceae        Syzygium aromaticum L.                         Cengkeh                      +      +                    −       −       −          √                            √    √
110   Myrtaceae        Syzygium malaccense L.                         Jambu bol               +    +      +                    −       −       −          √                            √
111   Myrtaceae        Syzygium oleosum (F.Muell.) B.Hyland           Pucuk merah                  +               +           −       −       −                                       √
112   Myrtaceae        Syzygium nervosum A.Cunn. ex DC.               Kopo                    +    +                           −       −      LC                                            √
113   Oxalidaceae      Averrhoa carambola L.                          Belimbing                                                −       −       −                                       √
114   Pandanaceae      Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.                  Pandan wangi                                 +    +      −       −       −                                       √
115   Phyllantaceae    Phyllanthus acidus L.                          Ceremai                      +                           −       −       −                                                  √         √
116   Phyllantaceae    Cleistanthus monoicus (Lour.) Müll.Arg.        Kanyere                             +                    −       −       −                                                  √         √
117   Pinaceae         Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese              Pinus                   +    +      +                    −       −      VU*    √    √    √    √    √      √           √     √    √    √
118   Piperaceae       Piper aduncum L.                               Kiseureuh                           +                    −       −       −     √    √    √    √    √      √           √          √
119   Plantaginaceae   Plantago major L.                              Ki urat                                           +      −       −             √    √    √                                       √
120   Poaceae          Axonopus compressus (Sw.) P.Beauv.             Jukut Pait                                        +      −       −       −     √    √    √                            √     √    √    √
121   Poaceae          Saccharum officinarum L.                       Tebu                                         +           −       −       −                                            √     √         √
122   Poaceae          Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.                 Rumput gajah                                      +      −       −       −     √    √    √    √    √      √      √    √     √    √    √
123   Poaceae          Cyperus rotundus L.                            Rumput Teki                                       +      −       −                  √                                 √
124   Poaceae          Imperata cylindrica (L.)                       Alang-alang                                       +      −       −       −     √    √    √    √    √      √      √    √          √
125   Poaceae          Zea mays ssp. Mays (L.)                        Jagung                                            +      −       −       −                    √    √      √      √    √     √         √
126   Poaceae          Saccharum spontaneum L.                        Kaso                                              +      −       −       −                                       √    √     √         √
127   Poaceae          Bambusa vulgaris var. striata                  Bambu haur hijau                                  +      −       −       −          √                            √    √     √         √
128   Poaceae          Gigantochloa apus (Schult. & Schult.f.)        Bambu tali                                        +      −       −       −     √    √    √    √    √      √           √          √
129   Poaceae          Oryza sativa L.                                Padi                                              +      −       −       −          √         √    √      √           √     √         √
130   Poaceae          Coix lacryma-jobi L.                           Hanjeli                                           +      −       −       −                                                  √         √
131   Rhamnaceae       Maesopsis eminii Engl.                         Sobsi                   +    +      +                    −       −       −     √    √    √    √    √      √           √     √    √    √


        Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                                                 410
                                                                                                                Kategori                                                               Lokasi
No.     FamilyFamili                     Nama IlmiahScientific name           Local nameNama Daerah                                  Permen   CITES   IUCN
                                                                                                      Po   Ti     Pc       Sm   Tb                           13   14   15   16    17    18      19   20    21   22   23
132   Rubiaceae         Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser                   Jabon                        +                           −       −       −          √                                  √
133   Rubiaceae         Coffea canephora Pierre ex A.Froehner                 Kopi                                +                    −       −      LC     √    √    √    √     √      √           √          √
134   Rutaceae          Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.                           Jeruk bali                                   +           −       −       −                                        √
135   Rutaceae          Citrus × hystrix L.                                   Jeruk purut                                  +           −       −       −                                        √
136   Sapindaceae       Dimocarpus longan Lour.                               Lengkeng                     +      +                    −       −      NT*                                                  √         √
137   Sapindaceae       Nephelium lappaceum L.                                Rambutan                +           +                    −       −      LC                                        √          √         √
138   Sapotaceae        Chrysophyllum cainito L.                              Sawo duren                   +      +                    −       −       −          √
139   Selaginellaceae   Selaginella plana (Desv. ex Poir.) Hieron.            Rane                                              +      −       −       −     √    √    √    √     √      √      √               √
140   Solanaceae        Solanum pseudocapsicum var. diflorum (Vell.) Bitter   Cabe Hias                                    +           −       −       −                                                   √         √
141   Solanaceae        Solanum torvum Sw.                                    Takokak                                           +      −       −       −     √    √    √    √     √      √      √          √    √    √
142   Urticaceae        Oreocnide rubescens (Blume) Miq.                      Nangsi                                       +           −       −      LC     √         √                        √    √          √
143   Verbenaceae       Lantana camara L.                                     Saliara                                      +    +      −       −       −     √    √    √    √     √      √      √          √    √    √
144   Zingiberaceae     Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm.                      Honje                                             +      −       −      DD               √                             √
145   Zingiberaceae     Etlingera coccinea (Blume) S.Sakai & Nagam.           Tepus                                             +      −       −      LC     √    √    √    √     √      √      √    √     √    √    √

      51 Famili                                                                                                                                             VU = 3      46 74     58     58 60 62 92 84 72      46   72
        Sumber : Data Primer, 2020
        Keterangan:
        Kategori Po : PohonTree, Ti : Tiang, Pc : Pancang, Sm : Semai, Tb : Tumbuhan bawah
                  * bukan jenis alaminon-native species (tanaman yang sengaja ditanamplanted species for forestry or re-forestation) sebagai tanaman kehutanan atau penghijauan
                  ** IUCN RedList considers this species Endangered and native to Java
        Status Konservasi:
        ➢ Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia Nomor P.106/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/6/2018 Tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan
            Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor P.20/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/6/2018 Tentang Jenis Tumbuhan dan Satwa yang Dilindungi.
        ➢ Status Konservasi dunia - IUCN (International Union of Conservation of Nature): NT: near threatened; EN: Endangered ; VU: Vulnerable ; LC: Least Concern, DD: Data Deficient
        ➢ Status perdagangan jenis terancam - CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species); Status I = Appendix I; Status II = Appendix II; Status III = Appendix III




        Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                                                          411
      Table A2. List of Vegetation in Transmission Line

                                                                                  Kategori                                                        Lokasi
No.   Famili           Nama Ilmiah                    Nama Daerah                                     Permen   CITES   IUCN
                                                                        Po   Ti     Pc   Sm      Tb                           1   2   3   4   5   6   7    8   9     10   11   12
1     Achariaceae      Pangium edule                  Picung             +                              −       −       −                                            √         √
2     Actinidiaceae    Saurauia pendula               Kileho                 +                          −       −      LC     √                                           √    √
3     Altingiaceae     Altingia excelsa               Rasamala               +                          −       −      LC     √   √                                  √    √    √
4     Amarantaceae     Achyranthes aspera             Jarong                                     +      −       −       −     √   √   √   √   √   √   √    √   √     √    √    √
5     Amarantaceae     Amaranthus caudatus L.         Bayam Liar                                 +      −       −       −         √   √   √   √   √   √    √   √     √
6     Anacardiaceae    Mangifera odorata Griff.       Limus                  +                          −       −      DD     √   √   √   √   √   √   √    √   √     √         √
7     Anacardiaceae    Mangifera indica L.            Mangga             +          +                   −       −      DD     √   √   √   √   √   √   √    √   √          √    √
8     Annonaceae       Annona muricata L.             Sirsak                 +                          −       −       −             √   √
9     Araceae          Alocasia macrorrhizos          Sente                                      +      −       −       −     √   √   √   √   √   √   √    √   √     √    √    √
10    Araceae          Colocasia esculenta L.         Talas                                      +      −       −       −     √   √   √   √   √   √   √    √   √     √    √    √
11    Araceae          Caladium bicolor               Keladi                                     +      −       −       −                 √
12    Araliaceae       Macropanax dispermus           Cerem                         +                   −       −      LC                                                      √
13    Araliaceae       Schefflera lucida              Ramo giling                   +                   −       −       −     √                                                √
14    Arecaceae        Areca catechu L.               Pinang                 +                          −       −       −         √       √                          √
15    Arecaceae        Cocos nucifera L.              Kelapa                 +                          −       −       −         √   √   √   √   √   √    √   √
16    Arecaceae        Arenga pinnata                 Aren               +                              −       −       −     √   √   √   √   √                      √    √    √
17    Arecaceae        Plectocomia elongata           Bubuay                        +                   −       −       −     √                                                √
18    Asteraceae       Ageratum conyzoides L.         Babadotan                                  +      −       −       −     √   √   √   √   √   √   √    √   √     √    √    √
19    Asteraceae       Clibadium surinamense L.       Katepos                       +        +          −       −       −                 √   √   √   √    √   √
20    Asteraceae       Austroeupatorium inulifolium   Kirinyuh                      +        +          −       −       −     √   √   √   √   √   √   √    √   √     √    √    √
21    Asteraceae       Bidens pilosa L.               Harega                                     +      −       −       −     √   √       √   √   √   √    √   √     √    √    √
22    Asteraceae       Chrysanthemum x grandiflorum   Serunai                                    +      −       −       −     √   √   √   √   √   √   √    √   √     √    √    √
23    Asteraceae       Acmella paniculata             Rumput Jotang                              +      −       −       −     √   √   √   √                          √    √    √
24    Asteraceae       Blumea balsamifera L.          Daun sembung                               +      −       −       −     √       √   √                          √    √    √
25    Asteraceae       Tithonia diversifolia          Kipait                                     +      −       −       −     √   √   √   √   √   √   √    √   √     √    √    √


      Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                          412
                                                                                        Kategori                                                        Lokasi
No.   Famili           Nama Ilmiah                     Nama Daerah                                          Permen   CITES   IUCN
                                                                              Po   Ti     Pc   Sm      Tb                           1   2   3   4   5   6   7    8   9     10   11   12
26    Asteraceae       Crassocephalum crepidioides     Sintrong                                        +      −       −       −         √       √                          √    √    √
27    Asteraceae       Emilia sonchifolia              Tespog                                          +      −       −       −     √   √   √   √   √   √   √    √   √     √    √    √
28    Asteraceae       Porophyllum ruderale            Seungit mangga ngora                            +      −       −       −         √   √   √   √   √   √    √   √          √    √
29    Asteraceae       Elephantopus scaber L.          Tapak liman                                     +      −       −       −         √   √   √   √   √   √    √   √               √
30    Balsaminaceae    Impatiens balsamina L.          Pacar air                                       +      −       −       −     √   √                   √              √    √    √
31    Begoniaceae      Begonia isoptera                Hariang bodas                                   +      −       −       −                                                 √    √
32    Bignoniaceae     Spathodea campanulata           Kiacret                +                               −       −       −             √   √   √                      √         √
33    Bromeliaceae     Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.       Nanas                                       +          −       −       −         √   √   √   √                      √    √
34    Cannabaceae      Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.       Kuray                  +    +      +                   −       −      LC     √                                      √    √    √
35    Caricaceae       Carica papaya L.                Pepaya                             +                   −       −       −     √   √   √   √   √   √   √    √   √     √    √    √
36    Convolvulaceae   Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.        Kangkung                                        +      −       −       −         √
37    Costaceae        Cheilocostus speciosus          Pacing                                      +          −       −      LC     √   √   √   √                          √    √    √
38    Cucurbitaceae    Cucurbita argyrosperma L.       Labu besar                                      +      −       −       −                                                 √
39    Elaeocarpaceae   Sloanea sigun                   Tebe                        +      +                   −       −       −     √                                                √
40    Euphorbiaceae    Codiaeum variegatum L.          Puring                                      +          −       −       −                     √   √   √    √   √
41    Euphorbiaceae    Hevea brasiliensis              Karet                       +                          −       −       −             √   √   √                      √    √    √
42    Euphorbiaceae    Aleurites moluccana             Kemiri                 +    +      +                   −       −       −             √   √                               √
43    Euphorbiaceae    Manihot esculenta Crantz.       Singkong                                    +          −       −       −     √   √   √   √   √   √   √    √   √     √    √    √
44    Euphorbiaceae    Macaranga tanarius              Mara                        +      +                   −       −       −     √   √       √                          √    √    √
45    Euphorbiaceae    Macaranga triloba               Mara                               +        +          −       −             √   √       √                          √    √    √
46    Fabaceae         Falcataria moluccana            Albasiah               +    +      +                   −       −       −     √   √   √   √   √                      √    √    √
47    Fabaceae         Calliandra calothyrsus Meisn.   Kaliandra                          +                   −       −       −     √   √   √   √   √                      √    √    √
48    Fabaceae         Cassia siamea Lamk              Johar                  +    +      +                   −       −       −                 √                                    √
49    Fabaceae         Parkia speciosa Hassk.          Petai                  +    +                          −       −       −         √       √   √                      √    √
50    Fabaceae         Mimosa pigra L.                 Rumput garuk                       +                   −       −       −     √   √       √   √                           √    √
51    Fabaceae         Clitoria ternatea L.            Kembang Telang                                  +      −       −       −             √   √   √                      √    √    √
52    Fabaceae         Leucaena leucocephala           Petai cina                  +      +                   −       −       −     √           √   √                      √    √    √

      Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                                413
                                                                                       Kategori                                                        Lokasi
No.   Famili            Nama Ilmiah                    Nama Daerah                                         Permen   CITES   IUCN
                                                                             Po   Ti     Pc   Sm      Tb                           1   2   3   4   5   6   7    8   9     10   11   12
53    Fabaceae          Tamarindus indica L.           Asam jawa             +                               −       −      LC                 √   √
54    Fabaceae          Acacia mangium Willd.          Akasia                +    +                          −       −      LC                 √   √                                √
55    Fabaceae          Gliricidia sepium              Gamal                             +                   −       −      LC     √   √       √                               √
56    Fabaceae          Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr.    Trembesi                   +      +                   −       −       −                 √
57    Fabaceae          Phaseolus lunatus L.           Kacang roway/kratok                        +          −       −       −                                                 √
58    Fabaceae          Archidendron pauciflorum       Jengkol                    +      +                   −       −       −     √   √   √   √   √                      √    √    √
59    Fabaceae          Adenanthera pavonia L.         Saga pohon            +    +                          −       −             √       √   √       √
60    Fagaceae          Castanopsis javanica Blume     Saninten                   +                          −       −      LC     √
61    Hypoxidaceae      Molineria capitulata           Congkok                                        +      −       −       −     √   √   √   √                          √    √    √
62    Lamiaceae         Hyptis capitata Jacq.          Bobotolan                                  +          −       −       −     √   √   √   √   √                      √    √    √
63    Lamiaceae         Tectona grandis Linn.f.        Jati                  +           +                   −       −       −     √   √   √   √   √                      √    √    √
64    Lamiaceae         Gmelina arborea Roxb.          Jati putih            +    +                          −       −      LC     √   √   √   √   √                      √    √    √
65    Lauraceae         Cinnamomum verum J.Presl       Kayu manis                 +      +                   −       −       −     √                                                √
66    Lauraceae         Persea americana Mill.         Alpukat                    +      +        +          −       −      LC     √   √       √                                    √
67    Laxmanniaceae     Cordyline fruticosa            Hanjuang                                   +          −       −       −                 √   √
68    Malvaceae         Durio zibethinus               Durian                +           +                   −       −       −     √   √   √   √                          √    √    √
69    Malvaceae         Hibiscus macrophyllus Roxb.    Tisuk                 +                    +          −       −       −     √   √   √   √   √                      √    √    √
70    Malvaceae         Ceiba pentandra (L). Gaertn.   Randu                 +                               −       −       −         √   √   √                                    √
71    Malvaceae         Microcos tomentosa Sm.         Jeluak                +                               −       −      LC         √       √                                    √
72    Melastomataceae   Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don     Harendong bulu                                 +      −       −       −     √   √   √   √   √                      √    √    √
73    Melastomataceae   Melastoma malabathricum L.     Harendong                         +            +      −       −       −     √   √   √   √   √                      √    √    √
74    Meliaceae         Swietenia macrophylla King.    Mahoni                     +      +                   −       −      VU     √   √   √   √                          √    √    √
75    Meliaceae         Swietenia mahagoni             Mahoni                +                               −       −      NT*    √   √   √   √   √                      √    √    √
76    Meliaceae         Dysoxylum parasiticum          Pisitan Monyet             +                          −       −       −                 √
77    Meliaceae         Melia azedarach L              Mindi                      +      +                   −       −      LC     √   √       √                               √
78    Meliaceae         Toona sureni (Blume) Merr.     Suren                 +    +      +                   −       −      LC     √   √   √   √   √                           √    √
79    Moraceae          Artocarpus heterophyllus       Nangka                     +      +                   −       −       −     √   √   √       √                      √    √    √

      Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                               414
                                                                                  Kategori                                                        Lokasi
No.   Famili           Nama Ilmiah                 Nama Daerah                                        Permen   CITES   IUCN
                                                                        Po   Ti     Pc   Sm      Tb                           1   2   3   4   5   6   7    8   9     10   11   12
80    Moraceae         Ficus benjamina L.          Beringin              +                              −       −      LC     √   √       √                                    √
81    Moraceae         Artocarpus altilis          Sukun                     +      +                   −       −       −     √   √   √   √   √                      √    √    √
82    Moraceae         Ficus septica Burm.f.       Kiciyat                          +        +          −       −      LC     √   √   √   √   √                      √    √    √
83    Moraceae         Ficus fistulosa             Beunying                  +      +                   −       −      LC                                                 √    √
84    Moraceae         Ficus padana Burm.f.        Hamerang              +   +                          −       −      LC     √           √                          √    √    √
85    Moraceae         Ficus variegata Blume       Kondang               +                              −       −      LC                 √                                    √
86    Moraceae         Artocarpus elasticus        Teureup               +   +      +                   −       −      LC     √           √                               √    √
87    Muntingiaceae    Muntingia calabura L.       Kersen                           +        +          −       −       −                 √   √
88    Musaceae         Musa × paradisiaca L.       Pisang                           +                   −       −       −     √   √   √   √   √   √            √     √    √    √
89    Myrtaceae        Syzygium aqueum Brm.F       Jambu air             +   +      +                   −       −       −         √   √   √                          √
90    Myrtaceae        Psidium guajava L.          Jambu batu                +               +          −       −       −     √   √   √       √
91    Myrtaceae        Syzygium aromaticum L.      Cengkeh                   +      +                   −       −       −         √   √
92    Myrtaceae        Syzygium malaccense L.      Jambu bol             +   +      +                   −       −       −     √           √
93    Oxalidaceae      Averrhoa carambola L.       Belimbing                                            −       −       −             √   √
94    Pandanaceae      Pandanus amaryllifolius     Pandan wangi                              +   +      −       −       −             √   √   √
95    Phyllantaceae    Phyllanthus acidus L.       Ceremai                   +                          −       −       −                 √
96    Pinaceae         Pinus merkusii              Pinus                 +   +      +                   −       −      VU*    √   √                                  √         √
97    Piperaceae       Piper aduncum L.            Kiseureuh                        +                   −       −       −     √   √   √   √   √                      √    √    √
98    Plantaginaceae   Plantago major L.           Ki urat                                       +      −       −             √   √   √   √                                    √
99    Poaceae          Axonopus compressus         Jukut Pait                                    +      −       −       −     √   √   √   √                          √    √    √
100   Poaceae          Saccharum officinarum L.    Tebu                                      +          −       −       −                         √
101   Poaceae          Pennisetum purpureum        Rumput gajah                                  +      −       −       −     √   √   √       √   √                  √    √    √
102   Poaceae          Cyperus rotundus L.         Rumput Teki                                   +      −       −             √   √   √   √                          √    √
103   Poaceae          Imperata cylindrica (L.)    Alang-alang                                   +      −       −       −     √   √   √   √   √   √   √    √   √     √    √    √
104   Poaceae          Zea mays ssp. Mays (L.)     Jagung                                        +      −       −       −     √   √   √                              √
105   Poaceae          Saccharum spontaneum L.     Kaso                                          +      −       −       −     √   √   √
106   Poaceae          Bambusa vulgaris            Bambu haur hijau                              +      −       −       −     √           √                                    √

      Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                          415
                                                                                          Kategori                                                                Lokasi
No.    Famili            Nama Ilmiah                       Nama Daerah                                        Permen   CITES   IUCN
                                                                               Po    Ti     Pc   Sm      Tb                             1    2    3    4    5    6     7    8    9       10   11   12
107   Poaceae            Gigantochloa apus                 Bambu tali                                    +      −       −        −      √    √    √    √    √                            √    √    √
108   Poaceae            Oryza sativa L.                   Padi                                          +      −       −        −      √    √    √    √         √    √     √    √       √    √
109   Rhamnaceae         Maesopsis eminii Engl.            Sobsi                +    +      +                   −       −        −      √    √    √    √    √                            √    √    √
110   Rubiaceae          Neolamarckia cadamba              Jabon                     +                          −       −        −                √    √                                           √
111   Rubiaceae          Coffea canephora                  Kopi                             +                   −       −       LC      √    √    √    √                                      √    √
112   Rutaceae           Citrus × hystrix L.               Jeruk purut                               +          −       −        −           √         √
113   Sapindaceae        Nephelium lappaceum L.            Rambutan             +           +                   −       −       LC                √    √                                           √
114   Selaginellaceae    Selaginella plana                 Rane                                          +      −       −        −      √    √    √    √                                 √    √    √
115   Solanaceae         Solanum melongena L.              Terong                                    +          −       −        −           √         √
116   Solanaceae         Solanum torvum Sw.                Takokak                                       +      −       −        −      √    √    √    √    √                    √       √    √    √
117   Urticaceae         Oreocnide rubescens               Nangsi                                    +          −       −       LC      √    √                                           √    √    √
118   Verbenaceae        Lantana camara L.                 Saliara                                   +   +      −       −        −      √    √    √    √    √    √    √     √    √       √    √    √
119   Zingiberaceae      Etlingera elatior                 Honje                                         +      −       −       DD           √                                                √
120   Zingiberaceae      Etlingera coccinea                Tepus                                         +      −       −       LC      √    √    √    √                                 √    √    √
121   Fabaceae           Delonix regia                     Flamboyan                                                                                                        √
      49 Famili                                   Jumlah                                                                       VU = 2   76   78   69   93   55   26   23   23   24       65   72   83
      Sumber : Data Primer, 2020
      Keterangan:
      Kategori Po : Pohon, Ti : Tiang, Pc : Pancang, Sm : Semai, Tb : Tumbuhan bawah
                * bukan jenis alami (tanaman yang sengaja ditanam sebagai tanaman kehutanan atau penghijauan
      Status Konservasi:
      ➢ Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia Nomor P.106/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/6/2018 Tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan
          Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor P.20/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/6/2018 Tentang Jenis Tumbuhan dan Satwa yang Dilindungi.
      ➢ Status Konservasi dunia - IUCN (International Union of Conservation of Nature ): NT: near threatened; EN: Endangered ; VU: Vulnerable ; LC: Least Concern, DD: Data Deficient
      ➢ Status perdagangan jenis terancam - CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species); Status I = Appendix I; Status II = Appendix II; Status III = Appendix III




      Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                                            416
     Table A3. List of Mammal Species in the UCPS area

                                                                                                                                          Status konservasi          TD                              Lokasi
No        Family                                 Species                                           Nama lokal/Inggris
                                                                                                                                   RI   IUCN     E        CITES             13   14   15   16   17    18      19   20    21   22   23
1    Suidae            Sus scrofa (Linnaeus, 1758)                                    Babi celeng/Wild Boar                              LC                           I     ×    ×    ×    ×    ×      ×      ×    ×     ×    ×    ×
2    Tragulidae        Tragulus javanicus (Osbeck, 1765)                              Pelanduk kancil/ Lesser Mouse-Deer           √     LC                           I     ×    ×    ×    ×    −      −      ×    −     −    −    −
3    Mustelidae        Aonyx cinerea (Illiger, 1815)                                  Sero ambrang/ Oriental Small-clawed Otter          VU               AP III      I     −    −    −    −    ×      −      ×    ×     −    −    −
4    Viverridae        Paradoxurus hermaphrodites (Pallas, 1777).                     Musang luwak/ Common Palm Civet                    LC               AP III     I, F   ×    ×    ×    ×    ×      ×      ×    ×     ×    ×    ×
5    Herpestidae       Herpestes javanicus (E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1818)           Garangan Jawa/ Small Asian Mongoose                LC               AP III     O      −    −    −    −    ×      −      −    ×     −    −    −
6    Felidae           Prionailurus bengalensis (Kerr, 1792)                          Meong congkok/ Leopard Cat                   √     LC                   AP I    I     −    −    −    −    ×      −      −    ×     −    −    −
7    Felidae           Panthera pardus melas (Cuvier, 1809)                           Macan tutul jawa/ Javan Leopard              √     VU                   AP I    I     −    −    −    −    ×      −      −    ×     −    −    −
8    Pteropodidae      Pteropus vampyrus (Linnaeus, 1758)                             Kalong/ Large Flying Fox                           NT                          O      ×    ×    ×    ×    ×      ×      ×    ×     −    −    −
9    Pteropodidae      Cynopterus brachyotis (Muller, 1838)                           Codot krawar/ Lesser short-nosed fruit bat         LC                          O      ×    ×    ×    ×    ×      ×      ×    ×     ×    ×    ×
10   Pteropodidae      Cynopterus sphinx (Vahl, 1797)                                 Codot barong/ Short-nosed Indian Fruit Bat         LC                          O      ×    ×    ×    ×    ×      ×      ×    ×     ×    ×    ×
11   Manidae           Manis javanica (Desmarest, 1822)                               Trenggiling/ Pangolin                        √     CR                   AP I    I     −    −    −    −    ×      ×      ×    ×     −    −    −
                                                                                                                                                                     O,
12   Cercopithecidae   Macaca fascicularis (Raffles, 1821)                            Monyet kera/Long-tailed Macaque                    LC               AP III
                                                                                                                                                                      I     ×    ×    ×    ×    ×      ×      ×    ×     −    −    −
                                                                                                                                                                     O,
13   Cercopithecidae   Presbytis comata (Desmarest, 1822)                             Surili/ Grizzled Leaf Monkey                 √     EN,     J         AP II
                                                                                                                                                                      I     −    −    −    −    ×      ×      −    ×     −    −    −
                                                                                                                                                                     O,
14   Cercopithecidae   Trachypithecus auratus (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812)       Lutung budeng/ Javan Langur                  √     VU,     J         AP II
                                                                                                                                                                     W      ×    ×    ×    ×    ×      ×      ×    ×     −    −    −
                                                                                                                                                                     O,
15   Hylobatidae       Hylobates moloch (Audebert, 1798)                              Owa Jawa/ Javan Gibbon                       √     EN,     J
                                                                                                                                                                      I     −    −    −    −    −      −      −    ×     −    −    −
16   Lorisidae         Nycticebus javanicus (Boddaert, 1785)                          Kukang/ Slow Loris                           √     CR                   AP I    I     ×    ×    −    ×    ×      −      −    ×     −    −    −
17   Sciurade          Callosciurus notatus (Boddaert, 1785)                          Bajing kelapa/ Plantain Squirrel                   NT                          O      ×    ×    ×    ×    ×      ×      ×    ×     ×    ×    ×
18   Sciurade          Ratufa bicolor (Sparrman, 1778)                                Jelarang hitam/ Giant Squirrel                     NT                AP II      I     −    −    −    −    ×      −      −    ×     −    −    ×
19   Hystricidae       Hystrix javanica (F. Cuvier, 1823)                             Landak jawa/ Javan Porcupine                 √     LC               AP III      I     −    −    −    ×    ×      ×      ×    ×     −    −    −
20   Tupaidae          Tupaia javanica (Horsfield, 1822)                              Tupai kekes/ Javan Treeshrew                       LC      J         AP II     O      ×    ×    ×    ×    ×      ×      ×    ×     ×    ×    ×
21   Sciuridae         Petaurista petaurista Pallas                                   Tando/Esquirol volador gegant                      LC                AP II      I     −    −    −    −    −      ×      −    ×     −    −    −
22   Viverridae        Paguma larvata (C. E. H. Smith, 1827)                          Careh bulan/Masked palm civet                      LC                AP II      I     −    −    −    −    −      −      −    ×     −    −    −
                                                                                                                                        CR = 2           AP I = 4
         15 Family                                                            Total                                                9             4                          11   11   10   12   18    13      13   21    6    6    7
                                                                                                                                        EN = 2           AP II = 6



     Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                                                                                417
                                                                                                                                                 Status konservasi                TD                                              Lokasi
No         Family                                      Species                                         Nama lokal/Inggris
                                                                                                                                       RI     IUCN        E       CITES                     13       14    15       16       17    18      19    20    21   22   23
                                                                                                                                             VU = 3              AP III = 5



      Table A4. List of Mammal species along the Transmission Line footprint

                                                                                                                                    Conservation status          ST                                       Location
No       Family                                Species                                      Local/Common name
                                                                                                                               RI   IUCN     E        CITES              1    2        3         4   5     6    7        8   9     10      11   12

1    Suidae            Sus scrofa (Linnaeus, 1758)                                Babi celeng/Wild Boar                               LC                          I      ×    ×        ×         ×   ×     −    −        −   −     ×       ×    ×
2    Tragulidae        Tragulus javanicus (Osbeck, 1765)                          Pelanduk kancil/ Lesser Mouse-Deer           √      LC                          I      ×    ×        −         −   −     −    −        −   −     ×       ×    ×
3    Mustelidae        Aonyx cinerea (Illiger, 1815)                              Sero ambrang/ Oriental Small-clawed Otter          VU               AP III      I      −    ×        ×         −   −     −    −        −   −     −       −    −
4    Viverridae        Paradoxurus hermaphrodites (Pallas, 1777).                 Musang luwak/ Common Palm Civet                     LC              AP III     I/F     ×    ×        ×         −   −     −    −        −   ×     ×       ×    ×
5    Herpestidae       Herpestes javanicus (E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1818)       Garangan Jawa/ Small Asian Mongoose                 LC              AP III      O      ×    ×        −         −   −     −    −        −   −     −       −    −
6    Pteropodidae      Pteropus vampyrus (Linnaeus, 1758)                         Kalong/ Large Flying Fox                            NT                          O      ×    ×        ×         −   −     −    −        −   ×     ×       ×    ×
7    Pteropodidae      Cynopterus brachyotis (Muller, 1838)                       Codot krawar/ Lesser short-nosed fruit bat          LC                          O      ×    ×        ×         ×   ×     ×    ×        ×   ×     ×       ×    ×
8    Pteropodidae      Cynopterus sphinx (Vahl, 1797)                             Codot barong/ Short-nosed Indian Fruit Bat          LC                          O      ×    ×        ×         ×   ×     ×    ×        ×   ×     ×       ×    ×
9    Manidae           Manis javanica (Desmarest, 1822)                           Trenggiling/ Pangolin                        √     CR                AP I       I      ×    ×        ×         −   −     −    −        −   ×     ×       ×    ×
                                                                                                                                                                 O,
10   Cercopithecidae   Macaca fascicularis (Raffles, 1821)                        Monyet kera/Long-tailed Macaque                     LC              AP III
                                                                                                                                                                  I      ×    ×        ×         −   −     −    −        −   ×     ×       ×    ×
                                                                                                                                                                 O,
11   Cercopithecidae   Presbytis comata (Desmarest, 1822)                         Surili/ Grizzled Leaf Monkey                 √     EN      J         AP II
                                                                                                                                                                  I      −    ×        ×         −   −     −    −        −   −     −       ×    −
                                                                                                                                                                 O,
12   Cercopithecidae   Trachypithecus auratus (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812)   Lutung budeng/ Javan Langur                  √     VU      J         AP II
                                                                                                                                                                  I      −    ×        −         −   −     −    −        −   −     ×       ×    ×
13   Lorisidae         Nycticebus javanicus (Boddaert, 1785)                      Kukang/ Slow Loris                           √     CR                AP I       I      ×    ×        ×         −   −     −    −        −   −     −       −    −
14   Sciurade          Callosciurus notatus (Boddaert, 1785)                      Bajing kelapa/ Plantain Squirrel                    NT                          O      ×    ×        ×         ×   ×     ×    ×        ×   ×     ×       ×    ×
15   Hystricidae       Hystrix javanica (F. Cuvier, 1823)                         Landak jawa/ Javan Porcupine                 √      LC              AP III      I      ×    ×        −         −   −     −    −        −   −     −       −    −
16   Tupaidae          Tupaia javanica (Horsfield, 1822)                          Tupai kekes/ Javan Treeshrew                        LC     J         AP II      O      ×    ×        ×         ×   ×     −    ×        ×   −     ×       ×    ×
                                                                                                                                    CR = 2           AP I = 2
                                                                                                                                    EN = 1           AP II = 3
        12 Family                                                      Total                                                   6             3                          13    16       12        5   5     3    4        4   7     11      12   11
                                                                                                                                    VU = 2         AP III = 5



      Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                                                                                                             418
Sumber : Data Primer, 2020
Information:
Conservation status:
➢ Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia Number P.106/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/6/2018 Concerning the Second Amendment to Regulation of the
    Minister of Environment and Forestry Number P.20/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/6/2018 regarding Protected Types of Plants and Animals.
➢ Conservation status - IUCN (International Union of Conservation of Nature ): NT: Near threatened; EN: Endangered ; VU: Vulnerable ; LC: Least Concern, DD: Data Deficient
    Trade status of threatened species - CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species); Status I = Appendix I; Status II = Appendix II; Status III = Appendix III
    E ; Endemic.
    Survey technique (ST) – I (interview); O (direct observation); F (footprint)

Table A5. List of Herpetofauna in UCPS

                                                                                                         Tipe
                                                                                  Status
 No.    Kelas | Ordo | Famili | Nama Ilmiah        Nama Umum                                             Data
                                                                       PERMEN       IUCN     CITES
        AMFIBIA
        ANURA
        Bufonidae
  1     Duttaphrynus melanostictus            Kodok budug                            LC                   O
        Dicroglossidae
  2     Fejervarya cancrivora                 Katak sawah                            LC                   O
  3     Fejervarya limnocahris                Katak tegalan                          LC                   O
        Rhacophoridae
  4     Polypedates leucomystax               Katak pohon bergaris                   LC                   O
        REPTILIA
        SQUAMATA
        Agamidae
  5     Bronchocela cristatella               Bunglon pohon                                               O
  6     Bronchocela jubata                    Bunglon pohon                          LC                   O
  7     Draco volans                          Haphap                                                      O
        Gekkonidae
  8     Cyrtodactylus marmoratus              Cicak batu                                                  O
  9     Gehyra mutilata                       Cicak rumah                                                 O


Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                                             419
                                                                                               Tipe
                                                                              Status
 No.   Kelas | Ordo | Famili | Nama Ilmiah       Nama Umum                                     Data
                                                                     PERMEN    IUCN    CITES
 10    Gekko gecko                           Tokek                               LC             O
 11    Hemidactylus frenatus                 Cicak rumah                         LC             O
       Lacertidae
 12    Takydromus sexlineatus                Orong-orong                         LC             O
       Scincidae
 13    Eutropis multifasciata                Kadal                                              O
 14    Sphenomorphus sanctus                 Kadal pohon                                        O
       Varanidae
 15    Varanus salvator                      Biawak                              LC      II     W
       Pythonidae
 16    Python molurus                        Sanca bodo                                  II     W
 17    Malayopython reticulatus              Sanca kembang                               II     W
       Colubridae
 18    Ahaetulla prasina                     Ular pucuk                                         W
 19    Dendrelaphis pictus                   Ular tambang                        LC             W
 20    Gongylosoma beliodeirus               Oray lemah                                         W
 21    Gonyophis oxycephalum                 Oray hejo bamban                    LC             W
 22    Lycodon subcinctus                                                                       W
 23    Ptyas carinata                        Ular koros/Oray sawah               LC             W
 24    Ptyas korros                          Ular koros/Oray sawah               LC             W
       Viperidae
 25    Trimeresurus puniceus                 Oray gibug                          LC             W
       Elapidae
 26    Bungarus candidus                     Ular weling                         LC             W
 27    Calliophis intestinalis               Oray cabe                           LC             W
 28    Ophiophagus hannah                    King Cobra                         VU       II     W


Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                   420
                                                                                                      Tipe
                                                                                Status
 No.    Kelas | Ordo | Famili | Nama Ilmiah       Nama Umum                                           Data
                                                                     PERMEN       IUCN     CITES
       Natricidae
  29   Enhydris plumbea                       Ular picung                          LC                   W
                                                                                 VU = 1
                                 JUMLAH                                                       4
                                                                                 LC = 17

Sumber : Data Primer, 2020
Keterangan:
Status Konservasi:
➢ Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia Nomor P.106/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/6/2018 Tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan
    Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor P.20/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/6/2018 Tentang Jenis Tumbuhan dan Satwa yang Dilindungi.
➢ Status Konservasi dunia - IUCN (International Union of Conservation of Nature ): NT: near threatened; EN: Endangered ; VU: Vulnerable ; LC: Least Concern, DD: Data Deficient



Table A6. List of Herpetofauna in Transmission Line area

                                                                                                      Tipe
                                                                                Status
 No.    Kelas | Ordo | Famili | Nama Ilmiah       Nama Umum                                           Data
                                                                     PERMEN       IUCN     CITES
       AMFIBIA
       ANURA
       Bufonidae
  1    Duttaphrynus melanostictus             Kodok budug                          LC                   O
       Dicroglossidae
  2    Fejervarya cancrivora                  Katak sawah                          LC                   O
  3    Fejervarya limnocahris                 Katak tegalan                        LC                   O
       Rhacophoridae
  4    Polypedates leucomystax                Katak pohon bergaris                 LC                   O
       REPTILIA
       SQUAMATA
       Agamidae


Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                                         421
                                                                                               Tipe
                                                                              Status
 No.   Kelas | Ordo | Famili | Nama Ilmiah       Nama Umum                                     Data
                                                                     PERMEN    IUCN    CITES
  5    Bronchocela cristatella               Bunglon pohon                                      O
  6    Bronchocela jubata                    Bunglon pohon                       LC             O
  7    Draco volans                          Haphap                                             O
       Gekkonidae
  8    Cyrtodactylus marmoratus              Cicak batu                                         O
  9    Gehyra mutilata                       Cicak rumah                                        O
 10    Gekko gecko                           Tokek                               LC             O
 11    Hemidactylus frenatus                 Cicak rumah                         LC             O
       Lacertidae
 12    Takydromus sexlineatus                Orong-orong                         LC             O
       Scincidae
 13    Eutropis multifasciata                Kadal                                              O
 14    Sphenomorphus sanctus                 Kadal pohon                                        O
       Varanidae
 15    Varanus salvator                      Biawak                              LC      II     W
       Pythonidae
 16    Python molurus                        Sanca bodo                                  II     W
 17    Malayopython reticulatus              Sanca kembang                               II     W
       Colubridae
 18    Ahaetulla prasina                     Ular pucuk                                         W
 19    Dendrelaphis pictus                   Ular tambang                        LC             W
 20    Gongylosoma beliodeirus               Oray lemah                                         W
 21    Gonyophis oxycephalum                 Oray hejo bamban                    LC             W
 22    Lycodon subcinctus                                                                       W
 23    Ptyas carinata                        Ular koros/Oray sawah               LC             W
 24    Ptyas korros                          Ular koros/Oray sawah               LC             W


Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                   422
                                                                                                      Tipe
                                                                                Status
 No.    Kelas | Ordo | Famili | Nama Ilmiah       Nama Umum                                           Data
                                                                     PERMEN       IUCN     CITES
       Viperidae
  25   Trimeresurus puniceus                  Oray gibug                           LC                   W
       Elapidae
  26   Bungarus candidus                      Ular weling                          LC                   W
  27   Calliophis intestinalis                Oray cabe                            LC                   W
  28   Ophiophagus hannah                     King Cobra                           VU         II        W
       Natricidae
  29   Enhydris plumbea                       Ular picung                          LC                   W
                                                                                 VU = 1
                                 JUMLAH                                                       4
                                                                                 LC = 17
Sumber : Data Primer, 2020
Keterangan:
Status Konservasi:
➢ Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia Nomor P.106/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/6/2018 Tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan
    Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor P.20/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/6/2018 Tentang Jenis Tumbuhan dan Satwa yang Dilindungi.
➢ Status Konservasi dunia - IUCN (International Union of Conservation of Nature ): NT: near threatened; EN: Endangered ; VU: Vulnerable ; LC: Least Concern, DD: Data Deficient




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                                         423
     Table A7. List of Avifauna in UCPS

                                                                                                                                                                          Lokasi
No         Famili        Nama Jenis                     Nama Ilmiah                      Nama Inggris      Permen   IUCN   CITES   Endemisitas
                                                                                                                                                 13   14   15   16   17     18     19   20   21   22    23
                                                                                      Crested Honey
 1    Accipitridae    Sikepmadu Asia      Pernis ptilorhynchus (Temminck, 1821)       Buzzard                √      LC      II         M                                     √
                                                                                      Crested Serpent
 2                    Elangular Bido      Spilornis cheela (Latham, 1790)             Eagle                  √      LC      II                   √    √    √    √    √       √     √    √    √    √     √

 3                    Elangalap Besra     Accipiter virgatus (Temminck, 1822)         Besra                  √      LC      II                                                     √

 4                    Elang Hitam         Ictinaetus malayensis (Temminck, 1822)      Black Eagle            √      LC      II                                  √

 5                    Elang Brontok       Nisaetus cirrhatus (Gmelin, 1788)           Crested Hawk-Eagle     √      LC      II                                               √                    √
                                                                                      Black-thighed
 6    Falconidae      Alapalap Capung     Microhierax fringillarius (Drapiez, 1824)   Falconet               √      LC      II                                                                    √

 7    Turnicidae      Gemak Loreng        Turnix suscitator (Gmelin, 1789)            Barred Buttonquail            LC                                          √

 8    Scolopacidae    Trinil Pantai       Actitis hypoleucos (Linnaeus, 1758)         Common Sandpiper              LC                                                       √
                                                                                      Thick-billed Green
 9    Columbidae      Punai Lengguak      Treron curvirostra (Gmelin, 1789)           Pigeon                        LC                                                                            √

10                    Tekukur Biasa       Spilopelia chinensis (Scopoli, 1786)        Spotted Dove                  LC                           √    √    √    √    √       √     √    √    √    √     √
                      Delimukan                                                       Common Emerald
11                    Zamrud              Chalcophaps indica (Linnaeus, 1758)         Dove                          LC                                                                            √

12    Cuculidae       Wiwik Lurik         Cacomantis sonneratii (Latham, 1790)        Banded Bay Cuckoo             LC                                               √

13                    Wiwik Kelabu        Cacomantis merulinus (Scopoli, 1786)        Plaintive Cuckoo              LC                           √    √    √    √    √       √     √    √    √    √     √
                                                                                      Rusty-breasted
14                    Wiwik Uncuing       Cacomantis sepulcralis (S. Müller, 1843)    Cuckoo                        LC                           √    √    √    √    √       √     √    √    √    √     √
                                                                                      Asian Drongo-
15                    Kedasi Hitam        Surniculus lugubris (Horsfield, 1821)       Cuckoo                        LC                           √    √    √    √    √       √     √    √
                                                                                      Chestnut-breasted
16                    Kadalan Birah       Rhamphococcyx curvirostris Shaw, 1810       Malkoha                       LC                                                                  √

17                    Bubut Besar         Centropus sinensis Stephens, 1815           Greater Coucal                LC                                          √

18                    Bubut Alang-alang   Centropus bengalensis Gmelin, 1788          Lesser Coucal                 LC                           √    √    √    √    √       √     √    √    √    √     √

19    Strigidae       Celepuk Reban       Otus lempiji (Horsfield, 1821)              Sunda Scops Owl               LC      II                                  √

20    Caprimulgidae   Cabak Kota          Caprimulgus affinis Horsfield, 1821         Savanna Nightjar              LC                                                       √
                                          Collocalia linchi (Horsfield & F. Moore,
21    Apodidae        Walet Linci         1854)                                       Cave Swiftlet                 LC                           √    √    √    √    √       √     √    √    √    √     √

     Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                                                          424
                                                                                                                                                                        Lokasi
No          Famili       Nama Jenis                    Nama Ilmiah                    Nama Inggris       Permen   IUCN   CITES   Endemisitas
                                                                                                                                               13   14   15   16   17     18     19   20   21   22    23

22                    Kapinis Rumah      Apus nipalensis (Hodgson, 1837)           House Swift                    LC                           √    √    √    √    √       √     √    √    √    √     √

23    Alcedinidae     Cekakak Jawa       Halcyon cyanoventris (Vieillot, 1818)     Javan Kingfisher               LC                 E                        √    √       √     √    √    √    √     √

24                    Cekakak Sungai     Todiramphus chloris Boddaert, 1783        Collared Kingfisher            LC                                          √    √       √
                      Takur    Tulung-                                             Black-banded
25    Capitonidae     tumpuk             Psilopogon javensis Horsfield, 1821       Barbet                  √      NT                 E                        √    √       √     √    √
                                                                                   Flame-fronted
26                    Takur Tohtor       Psilopogon armillaris Temminck, 1821      Barbet                  √      LC                 E                        √    √       √     √    √

27                    Takur Tenggeret    Psilopogon australis Horsfield, 1821      Yellow-eared Barbet            LC                                          √    √       √     √    √    √    √     √
                                                                                   Fulvous-breasted
28    Picidae         Caladi Ulam        Dendrocopos macei Vieillot, 1818          Woodpecker                     LC                           √    √    √    √    √       √     √    √    √    √     √
                                                                                   Sunda Pygmy
29                    Caladi Tilik       Dendrocopos moluccensis Gmelin, 1788      Woodpecker                     LC                                                                       √    √     √
                      Sempurhujan
30    Eurylaimidae    Rimba              Eurylaimus javanicus Horsfield, 1821      Banded Broadbill               NT                                                                  √

31    Pittidae        Paok Pancawarna    Hydornis guajanus P. L. S. Müller, 1776   Javan Banded Pitta      √      LC      II                                  √    √       √     √    √
                      Layanglayang
32    Hirundinidae    Batu               Hirundo tahitica Gmelin, 1789             Pacific Swallow                LC                           √    √    √    √    √       √     √    √    √    √     √
                      Layanglayang       Cecropis striolata Temminck & Schlegel,
33                    Loreng             1847                                      Striated Swallow               LC                           √    √    √    √    √       √     √    √    √    √     √

34    Motacillidae    Kicuit Batu        Motacilla cinerea Tunstall, 1771          Grey Wagtail                   LC                 M                             √                  √         √
                                         Pericrocotus flammeus (J. R. Forster,
35    Campephagidae   Sepah Hutan        1781)                                     Scarlet Minivet                LC                                                                  √
                                         Hemipus hirundinaceus (Temminck,          Black-winged
36                    Jingjing Batu      1822)                                     Flycatcher-shrike              LC                                                                  √

37    Aegithinidae    Cipoh Kacat        Aegithina tiphia (Linnaeus, 1758)         Common Iora                    LC                                                                  √
                                         Pycnonotus aurigaster (Jardine & Selby,
38                    Cucak Kutilang     1837)                                     Sooty-headed Bulbul            LC                           √    √    √    √    √       √     √    √    √    √     √
                                                                                   Yellow-vented
39                    Merbah Cerukcuk    Pycnonotus goiavier (Scopoli, 1786)       Bulbul                         LC                           √    √    √    √    √       √     √    √    √    √     √
                                                                                   Grey-cheeked
40                    Empuloh Janggut    Criniger bres (Lesson, 1831)              Bulbul                         LC                                √

41    Laniidae        Bentet Kelabu      Lanius schach Linnaeus, 1758              Long-tailed Shrike             LC                           √    √    √    √    √       √     √    √    √    √     √
                                                                                   White-rumped
42    Turdidae        Kucica Hutan       Kittacincla malabarica (Scopoli, 1786)    Shama                          LC                                                                  √
                                                                                   White-crowned
43                    Meninting Besar    Enicurus leschenaulti (Vieillot, 1818)    Forktail                       LC                                                                  √


     Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                                                        425
                                                                                                                                                                            Lokasi
No          Famili       Nama Jenis                       Nama Ilmiah                     Nama Inggris       Permen   IUCN   CITES   Endemisitas
                                                                                                                                                   13   14   15   16   17     18     19   20   21   22    23
                      Pelanduk      Topi-   Pellorneum     capistratum    (Temminck,   Black-capped
44    Timaliidae      hitam                 1823)                                      Babbler                        LC                                          √    √       √

45                    Pelanduk Semak        Malacocincla sepiarium (Horsfield, 1821)   Horsfield's Babbler            LC                                          √    √       √
                                            Cyanoderma melanothorax (Temminck,         Crescent-chested
46                    Tepus Pipi-perak      1823)                                      Babbler                        LC                                          √    √       √
                                                                                       Chestnut-capped
47                    Tepus Gelagah         Timalia pileata Horsfield, 1821            Babbler                        LC                                          √    √       √     √    √    √    √     √

48                    Perenjak Coklat       Prinia polychroa (Temminck, 1828)          Brown Prinia                   LC                                                                            √

49                    Perenjak Jawa         Prinia familiaris Horsfield, 1821          Bar-winged Prinia              NT                           √    √    √    √    √       √     √    √

50                    Perenjak padi         Prinia inornata Sykes, 1832                Plain Prinia                   LC                                                                                  √

51                    Cinenen Pisang        Orthotomus sutorius (Pennant, 1769)        Common Tailorbird              LC                                     √    √    √       √     √    √    √    √     √
                                                                                       Olive-backed
52                    Cinenen Jawa          Orthotomus sepium Horsfield, 1821          Tailorbird                     LC                 E         √    √    √    √    √       √     √    √    √    √     √
                                                                                       Asian Brown
53    Muscicapidae    Sikatan Bubik         Muscicapa dauurica Pallas, 1811            Flycatcher                     LC                 M                                     √

54    Sittidae        Munguk Loreng         Sitta azurea Lesson, 1830                  Blue Nuthatch                  LC                                                                  √
                                                                                       Orange-bellied
55    Dicaeidae       Cabai Bunga-api       Dicaeum trigonostigma (Scopoli, 1786)      Flowerpecker                   LC                           √    √    √    √    √       √     √    √    √    √     √
                                                                                       Scarlet-headed
56                    Cabai Jawa            Dicaeum trochileum (Sparrman, 1789)        Flowerpecker                   LC                 E         √    √    √    √    √       √     √    √    √    √     √
                      Burungmadu                                                       Brown-throated
57    Nectariniidae   Kelapa                Anthreptes malacensis (Scopoli, 1786)      Sunbird                        LC                           √    √    √    √    √       √     √    √    √    √     √
                      Burungmadu                                                       Olive-backed
58                    Sriganti              Cinnyris jugularis (Linnaeus, 1766)        Sunbird                        LC                           √    √    √    √    √       √     √    √    √    √     √
                      Burungmadu
59                    Sepah-raja            Aethopyga siparaja (Raffles, 1822)         Crimson Sunbird         √      LC                                                       √

60                    Pijantung Kecil       Arachnothera longirostra (Latham, 1790)    Little Spiderhunter            LC                                                       √
                                            Zosterops palpebrosus (Temminck,
61    Zosteropidae    Kacamata Biasa        1824)                                      Oriental White-eye             LC                                                       √
                                            Lonchura leucogastroides (Horsfield &
62    Estrildidae     Bondol Jawa           Moore, 1858)                               Javan Munia                    LC                 E                                     √
                                                                                       Scaly-breasted
63                    Bondol Peking         Lonchura punctulata (Linnaeus, 1758)       Munia                          LC                                                       √
                      Burunggereja                                                     Eurasian Tree
64    Ploceidae       Erasia                Passer montanus (Linnaeus, 1758)           Sparrow                        LC                           √    √    √    √    √       √     √    √    √    √     √

65    Dicruridae      Srigunting Hitam      Dicrurus macrocercus Vieillot, 1817        Black Drongo                   LC                                               √       √                    √


     Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                                                            426
                                                                                                                                                                    Lokasi
No         Famili        Nama Jenis                     Nama Ilmiah                   Nama Inggris   Permen   IUCN   CITES   Endemisitas
                                                                                                                                           13   14   15   16   17     18     19   20   21   22    23

66                     Srigunting Kelabu   Dicrurus leucophaeus Vieillot, 1817     Ashy Drongo                LC                           √    √    √    √    √       √     √    √    √    √     √
                                                                                   White-breasted
67    Artamidae        Kekep Babi          Artamus leucorynchus (Linnaeus, 1771)   Woodswallow                 LC                                                      √
                                                                                                              LC =
                                                                                                                                E=6
      30 Famili                                                                                                64
                       Jumlah                                                                          10             8                    22   23   23   37   36     44     30   38   25   25    26
                                                                                                              NT =
                                                                                                                                M=3
                                                                                                                3
           Sumber : Data Primer, 2020
           Keterangan:
           Status Konservasi:
           ➢ Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia Nomor P.106/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/6/2018 Tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Peraturan Menteri
               Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor P.20/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/6/2018 Tentang Jenis Tumbuhan dan Satwa yang Dilindungi.
           ➢ Status Konservasi dunia - IUCN (International Union of Conservation of Nature): NT: near threatened; EN: Endangered ; VU: Vulnerable ; LC: Least Concern, DD: Data Deficient
           ➢ Status perdagangan jenis terancam - CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species); Status I = Appendix I; Status II = Appendix II; Status III = Appendix III
           ➢ Status Endemisitas ; E = Endemik, M = Migran




     Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                                                    427
        Table A8. List of Avifauna in Transmission Line area

                                                                                                                                                                          Lokasi
No       Famili            Nama Jenis                        Nama Ilmiah                          Nama Inggris        Permen   IUCN   CITES   Endsm
                                                                                                                                                      1   2   3   4   5   6    7   8   9   10   11   12

 1   Ardeidae        Bambangan Merah     Ixobrychus cinnamomeus (Gmelin, 1789)            Cinnamon Bittern                     LC                                                  √

 2   Accipitridae    Sikepmadu Asia      Pernis ptilorhynchus (Temminck, 1821)            Crested Honey Buzzard        √       LC       II     M          √

 3                   Elangular Bido      Spilornis cheela (Latham, 1790)                  Crested Serpent Eagle        √       LC       II            √   √       √                        √     √   √

 4                   Elang Hitam         Ictinaetus malayensis (Temminck, 1822)           Black Eagle                  √       LC       II            √

 5                   Elang Brontok       Nisaetus cirrhatus (Gmelin, 1788)                Crested Hawk-Eagle           √       LC       II                √   √

 6   Rallidae        Kareo Padi          Amaurornis phoenicurus (Pennant, 1769)           White-breasted Waterhen              LC                                         √   √    √   √

 7                   Tekukur Biasa       Spilopelia chinensis (Scopoli, 1786)             Spotted Dove                         LC                     √   √   √   √   √   √   √    √   √   √     √   √

 8                   Perkutut Jawa       Geopelia striata (Linnaeus, 1766)                Zebra Dove                           LC                         √

 9   Cuculidae       Wiwik Lurik         Cacomantis sonneratii (Latham, 1790)             Banded Bay Cuckoo                    LC                                     √

10                   Wiwik Kelabu        Cacomantis merulinus (Scopoli, 1786)             Plaintive Cuckoo                     LC                     √   √   √   √   √   √                √     √   √

11                   Wiwik Uncuing       Cacomantis sepulcralis (S. Müller, 1843)         Rusty-breasted Cuckoo                LC                         √

12                   Kedasi Hitam        Surniculus lugubris (Horsfield, 1821)            Asian Drongo-Cuckoo                  LC                         √

13                   Kadalan Birah       Rhamphococcyx curvirostris Shaw, 1810            Chestnut-breasted Malkoha            LC                         √

14                   Bubut Alang-alang   Centropus bengalensis Gmelin, 1788               Lesser Coucal                        LC                                     √

15   Strigidae       Celepuk Reban       Otus lempiji (Horsfield, 1821)                   Sunda Scops Owl                      LC       II            √

16   Caprimulgidae   Cabak Kota          Caprimulgus affinis Horsfield, 1821              Savanna Nightjar                     LC                     √                                √

17   Apodidae        Walet Linci         Collocalia linchi (Horsfield & F. Moore, 1854)   Cave Swiftlet                        LC                     √   √   √   √   √   √   √    √   √   √     √   √

18                   Kapinis Rumah       Apus nipalensis (Hodgson, 1837)                  House Swift                          LC                     √   √   √   √   √   √   √    √   √   √     √   √

19   Alcedinidae     Cekakak Jawa        Halcyon cyanoventris (Vieillot, 1818)            Javan Kingfisher                     LC              E              √   √   √

20                   Cekakak Sungai      Todiramphus chloris Boddaert, 1783               Collared Kingfisher                  LC                     √   √

21                   Takur Tenggeret     Psilopogon australis Horsfield, 1821             Yellow-eared Barbet                  LC                     √   √


        Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                                                428
                                                                                                                                                                            Lokasi
No       Famili           Nama Jenis                          Nama Ilmiah                          Nama Inggris         Permen   IUCN   CITES   Endsm
                                                                                                                                                        1   2   3   4   5   6    7   8   9   10   11   12

22   Picidae        Caladi Ulam           Dendrocopos macei Vieillot, 1818                Fulvous-breasted Woodpecker            LC                         √   √   √   √

23                  Caladi Tilik          Dendrocopos moluccensis Gmelin, 1788            Sunda Pygmy Woodpecker                 LC                     √

24   Eurylaimidae   Sempurhujan Rimba     Eurylaimus javanicus Horsfield, 1821            Banded Broadbill                       NT                     √

25                  Layanglayang Asia     Hirundo rustica Linnaeus, 1758                  Barn Swallow                           LC              M                          √   √    √   √

26   Hirundinidae   Layanglayang Batu     Hirundo tahitica Gmelin, 1789                   Pacific Swallow                        LC                     √   √   √   √   √   √   √    √   √   √     √   √

27                  Layanglayang Loreng   Cecropis striolata Temminck & Schlegel, 1847    Striated Swallow                       LC                     √   √   √   √   √   √   √    √   √   √     √   √

28   Motacillidae   Kicuit Batu           Motacilla cinerea Tunstall, 1771                Grey Wagtail                           LC              M

29   Pycnonotidae   Cucak Kuricang        Pycnonotus atriceps (Temminck, 1822)            Black-headed Bulbul                    LC                                                      √

30                  Cucak Kutilang        Pycnonotus aurigaster (Jardine & Selby, 1837)   Sooty-headed Bulbul                    LC                     √   √   √   √   √   √   √    √   √   √     √   √

31                  Merbah Cerukcuk       Pycnonotus goiavier (Scopoli, 1786)             Yellow-vented Bulbul                   LC                     √   √   √   √   √

32                  Empuloh Janggut       Criniger bres (Lesson, 1831)                    Grey-cheeked Bulbul                    LC                         √

33   Laniidae       Bentet Kelabu         Lanius schach Linnaeus, 1758                    Long-tailed Shrike                     LC                             √       √

34                  Meninting Besar       Enicurus leschenaulti (Vieillot, 1818)          White-crowned Forktail                 LC                         √

35                  Tepus Pipi-perak      Cyanoderma melanothorax (Temminck, 1823)        Crescent-chested Babbler               LC                                     √

36   Sylviidae      Cici Padi             Cisticola juncidis (Rafinesque, 1810)           Zitting Cisticola                      LC                                 √   √   √   √    √   √

37                  Perenjak Coklat       Prinia polychroa (Temminck, 1828)               Brown Prinia                           LC                                         √

38                  Perenjak Jawa         Prinia familiaris Horsfield, 1821               Bar-winged Prinia                      NT                     √   √   √

39                  Perenjak padi         Prinia inornata Sykes, 1832                     Plain Prinia                           LC                                         √

40                  Cinenen Pisang        Orthotomus sutorius (Pennant, 1769)             Common Tailorbird                      LC                     √   √   √   √   √   √   √    √   √   √     √   √

41                  Cinenen Jawa          Orthotomus sepium Horsfield, 1821               Olive-backed Tailorbird                LC              E      √   √   √   √   √   √            √   √     √   √

42   Muscicapidae   Sikatan Bubik         Muscicapa dauurica Pallas, 1811                 Asian Brown Flycatcher                 LC              M          √

43   Acanthizidae   Remetuk Laut          Gerygone sulphurea Wallace, 1864                Golden-bellied Geryone                 LC                                                                √


        Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                                                  429
                                                                                                                                                                                            Lokasi
No       Famili            Nama Jenis                           Nama Ilmiah                               Nama Inggris          Permen    IUCN     CITES   Endsm
                                                                                                                                                                   1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9    10   11   12

44   Dicaeidae       Cabai Bunga-api         Dicaeum trigonostigma (Scopoli, 1786)                Orange-bellied Flowerpecker              LC                      √    √    √    √    √    √              √    √     √   √

45                   Cabai Jawa              Dicaeum trochileum (Sparrman, 1789)                  Scarlet-headed Flowerpecker              LC               E      √    √    √    √    √                        √     √   √

46   Nectariniidae   Burungmadu Kelapa       Anthreptes malacensis (Scopoli, 1786)                Brown-throated Sunbird                   LC                      √    √    √    √    √    √    √    √    √    √     √   √

47                   Burungmadu Sriganti     Cinnyris jugularis (Linnaeus, 1766)                  Olive-backed Sunbird                     LC                      √    √    √    √    √    √    √    √    √    √     √   √

48                   Burungmadu Sepah-raja   Aethopyga siparaja (Raffles, 1822)                   Crimson Sunbird                √         LC                      √    √

49                   Pijantung Kecil         Arachnothera longirostra (Latham, 1790)              Little Spiderhunter                      LC                           √

50   Zosteropidae    Kacamata Biasa          Zosterops palpebrosus (Temminck, 1824)               Oriental White-eye                       LC                           √

51   Estrildidae     Bondol Jawa             Lonchura leucogastroides (Horsfield & Moore, 1858)   Javan Munia                              LC               E      √    √    √    √    √    √    √    √    √    √     √   √

52                   Bondol Peking           Lonchura punctulata (Linnaeus, 1758)                 Scaly-breasted Munia                     LC                      √    √    √    √    √    √    √    √    √    √     √   √

53   Ploceidae       Burunggereja Erasia     Passer montanus (Linnaeus, 1758)                     Eurasian Tree Sparrow                    LC                      √    √    √    √    √    √    √    √    √    √     √   √

54                   Srigunting Kelabu       Dicrurus leucophaeus Vieillot, 1817                  Ashy Drongo                              LC                           √

55   Artamidae       Kekep Babi              Artamus leucorynchus (Linnaeus, 1771)                White-breasted Woodswallow               LC                                               √    √    √    √
     23 Famili                                                                                                                           LC = 53           E=4
                                                                      Jumlah                                                     5                   5             27   35   22   21   24   21   16   17   20   17   18        17
                                                                                                                                         NT = 2            M=4
        Sumber : Data Primer, 2020
        Keterangan:
        Status Konservasi:
        ➢ Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia Nomor P.106/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/6/2018 Tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan
            Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor P.20/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/6/2018 Tentang Jenis Tumbuhan dan Satwa yang Dilindungi.
        ➢ Status Konservasi dunia - IUCN (International Union of Conservation of Nature ): NT: near threatened; EN: Endangered ; VU: Vulnerable ; LC: Least Concern, DD: Data Deficient
        ➢ Status perdagangan jenis terancam - CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species); Status I = Appendix I; Status II = Appendix II; Status III = Appendix III
        ➢ Status Endemisitas ; E = Endemik, M = Migran




        Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                                                                                     430
Table A9. Aquatic biota in UCPS Area

No.     Local Name                  Species                                           Utilization   Protection Status   Migratory       Note
1       Hampal/hampala              Hampala macrolepidota                             Food          NE                  Potamodromous   N
2       Beunteur/common carp        Puntius binotatus                                               NE                  Potamodromous   N
3       Impun/guppy                 Poecilia reticulata                                             NE                  non-migratory   E
4       Impun paris/platyfish       Xyphophorus maculatus                                           NE                  non-migratory   E
5       Nila/Nile tilapia           Oreochromis niloticus                             Food          NE                  Potamodromous   E,I
6       Mas/carp                    Cyprinus carpio                                   Food          DD                  Potamodromous   E
7       Mujair/Tilapia              Oreochromis mossambicus                           Food          NE                  amphidromous    E
8       Bogo                        Channa gachua                                                   NE                  Potamodromous   E
9       Lele dumbo/catfish          Clarias gariepinus                                Food          NE                  Potamodromous   N
10      Genggehek                   Mystacoleucus sp.                                               NE                  Potamodromous   N
11      Kehkel                      Glypthothorax sp.                                               NE                  Potamodromous   N
12      Parai                       Puntius sp.
13      Kancra                      Tor douronesis                                    Food          BE                  Potamodromous   N
14      Senggal                     Macrones nemurus                                                                                    N
15      Arelot                      Macrognathus circumcintus
16      Cecere                      Aplocheilus panchax
                                    (F. Hamilton, 1822)
17   Jeler                          Nemachellus fasciatus                                           NE                  Potamodromous
DD=Data deficiency, N=Native, E=Exotic, I=Invasive




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021                                                         431
APPENDIX G. DRAFT TOR FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL
  PANEL


                                         PT. PLN (PERSERO)

                                UPPER CISOKAN HYDROPOWER P ROJECT

          TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL P ANEL OF EXPERTS
                                             (ESP)




UCPS Project Overview

To be completed:

Provide a summary of the UCPS project in the context of the WB Project (Component 1 and
2).

Note that it is prepared under the World Bank Environmental and Social Framework and the
Environmental and Social Standards (ESS).

Program of activities (what has been completed to date, what are the next steps, what activities
are in the scope of work for the WB funded Project)

The Project supports the development, construction, and commissioning of Upper Cisokan
Pumped Storage (UCPS) with an expected total generating capacity of 1,040 MW. UCPS
activities include upper and lower dams, waterways, underground powerhouse, intakes,
outlets, electro-mechanical equipment, switch-yard, 2 transmission lines and Supervision
Consultant.

UCPS is located in West Bandung & Cianjur Regency, 150 km south east of Jakarta, 30 km
west of Bandung City. The lower reservoir will be on the Cisokan River, a branch of Citarum
River, while the upper reservoir will be on Cirumanis River, a tributary of the Cisokan River.
Cisokan River flows south to north as major tributary of Citarum River, which flows to Java
Sea. Several hydropower schemes on Citarum River include Cirata (+/- 35 km downstream,
1,000 MW) and Saguling (neighboring catchment, +/- 40 km away, 700 MW). Cihea irrigation
scheme draws water from Cisokan River 3 km downstream. Climate at UCPS is wet tropical
with 1 dry and 1 wet season and influenced by monsoon. Area is covered by alluvial & young
volcanic sediment with elevation of 400 to 1,000 meters.

Existing land cover consists predominantly of rice fields, mixed gardens, productive forest
(pine, abbizia, hindi teak & callandia) and pockets of modified tropical forest. Natural tropical
forest (located east of Cisokan River the Project) that will not be directly impacted by
inundation. Forest habitat in the UCPS project area is modified by human habitation &
agriculture, yet has been confirmed as Critical Habitat under ESS6 and is home to the
Critically Endangered Pangolin and Javan Slow Loris, Endangered Javan Gibbon and
Grizzled Leaf Monkey, and the Javan Leopard (until recently Critically Endangered but

Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021           432
currently not assessed under the IUCN Red List). Small areas of ‘biodiversity important areas’
have been identified within the modified landscape, where these species have been located.
With intense support & close supervision from Bank, biodiversity assessments were
completed and a Biodiversity Management Plan (BMP) was prepared by PLN in 2014-2017.
PLN started to implement the BMP, most notably by forming partnership with state-owned
forestry company Perhutani to protect & enhance existing vegetation cover, forest & wildlife
corridors. But deforestation and degradation has continued in the area since 2015 until 2019.

The project area covers 7 sub districts in West Bandung District and Cianjur District. The
population is spread across the villages (hamlets) and includes small village families and
communities with strong kinship and traditional attitudes and culture. People live according
to Islamic values and Sundanese culture. Islam and religious leaders strongly influence their
daily activities. The village has a decisive role in decision making, problem-solving and village
development. Men are considered the 'head of the household' and are the primary
breadwinners and decision-makers. At the same time, women manage household and family
affairs, as well as carry out planting and harvesting activities. Education levels are low in all
regions, and almost all communities have only received primary school education. The ESIA
has confirmed that there is no presence of indigenous peoples, as defined under ESS7, in the
UCPS project area.

Agriculture remains the dominant economic activity for local population. The top three
livelihood activities are in farming, trading and working as laborers. The primary source of
income comes from agriculture and the majority of family labors are owner farmers or farm
laborers. They are also doing various odd jobs during low agriculture seasons to supplement
family income.        Studies under the project indicate that, with various employment
opportunities created under the project so far, these is already a general trend in employment
among local communities shifting gradually from farm to non-farm sectors.

The environmental risk rating is high. Potential environmental impacts of UCPS are wide
range, significant & adverse. Permanent change in hydrological regime & land use, dam safety
risk, occupational & community health & safety risks make some of residual impacts long
term, permanent & irreversible. Specific mitigation measures for UCPS (the integrated
catchment management approach in BMP & FPF) are complex & require specific expertise for
its implementation which needs to be built through project implementation. Key
environmental risks & impacts: a) potential loss of habitats & loss of key species of
conservation concern; b) temporary downstream river impacts (sediment discharge from
construction affecting water quality & stream bed patterns); c) minor changes in hydrological
regime in Cirumamis & Cisokan Rivers; d) long term changes to erosion & deposition patterns
downstream Cisokan River due to reduced sediment load during operation; e) construction
work will bring potentially significant negative impacts on communities (sediment runoff,
fugitive dust, increased noise, increased traffic, pedestrian & road safety risks, & increased
wastes from construction camps); f) dam safety risk to life, property, & ecosystem services.



The social risk rating is high. The construction of UCPS scheme will have significant social
risks and impacts. These are related to land acquisition, relocation, labor, gender, Sexual
Exploitation and Abuse/ Sexual Harassment (SEA/SH), public health and safety issues, as
well as restriction of access to natural resources under the BMP program. The UCPS requires
approximately 731,76 ha of land for the construction of two dams, 27km new access road
(already constructed), creation of the upper and lower reservoirs, and transmission line. This

Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021           433
would lead to loss of various categories of land, residential and other structures, loss and
damage to public infrastructure such as school, mosques, water facilities, roads, bridges,
sewage and water systems etc. The total number of households affected by land acquisition
was 2,063 including 765 households who have to relocate. Three Land Acquisition
Resettlement Action Plans were prepared and implemented under the previous World Bank
loan. For the new project, PLN engaged a team of independent consultants and carried out a
review of the LARAPs implementation progress. This review has identified a number of
outstanding tasks and issues that need to be completed. Detailed planning will be carried out
and a timebound action plan will be developed and implemented. It is also anticipated that
additional land acquisition may be required for contractor construction operations. The UCPS
is anticipated to employ approximately 2,700 workers during the peak period of construction.
Additionally there will be other people who are expected to move into the project area for
business and job opportunities. It is difficult to estimate the size of this migrant population at
this moment, but it could be between 4,500-6,000 people at peak period. This large labor influx
into the project area could bring along a series of social risks and impacts related to working
conditions, occupational health and safety, community health and safety, child labor, SEA/SH
and possible social conflict issues and others. Some cultural assets were identified in the UCPS
area, including grave, mosques and sacred sites. The project has relocated the graves and
rebuilt the mosques under the LARAP, while the sacred area is protected by adjusting project
design. During the construction phase, there is a likelihood that there may be chance finds of
other cultural assets and properties. The BMP program will have impacts on community
access to natural resources in the local forest areas. This impact has been assessed and a
Forestry Partnership Program has been design in consultation with relevant forestry agencies
and local communities.



Overview of PLN and implementation arrangements (UIP, UPK, Supervisino Engineer/PLN-
E/ Engineering Consultant, Dam Safety Panel of Experts)



Environmental and Social Risk Assessment and Instruments

Summary of the key risks and outputs of the ESIA, ESMP etc.



List of instruments (and links to them):

ESIA

ESMP

BMP

SCMP

LARAP

LARF



Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021            434
FPF

Plus supporting information:

LARAP Review

BMP Review

Etc.

Environmental and Social Panel

In accordance with the World Bank ESS1 PLN are required to engage a panel to provide
timely, independent, expert advice on the implementation of environmental and social risk
management measures for the pre-construction, construction, de-moblisation and
commissioning of the UCPS scheme.

Key tasks:

1) Advise PLN on the implementation of the Project environmental and social risk
   management instruments including actions for the development of systems, procedures,
   resources and other measures to improve capacity within PLN.
2) Review new or updated management plans, frameworks and other technical
   documentation prepared by PLN and their technical consultants and provide
   independent quality assurance advice on the adequacy and accuracy of the content.
   Prepare written responses.
3) Review TOR for environmental and social assessments, management plans, field work,
   technical advisory services etc. and provide written comment.
4) Provide periodic (at least six monthly) review of the stakeholder engagement and influx
   management actions and grievance mechanism and provide independent advice to
   improve on engagement, disclosure and grievance management and social risk
   management processes.
5) Provide specific advice on the BMP and FPF as to whether the proposed restoration of
   habitat is feasible and can be reasonable expected to result in a sustainable ‘net gain’ of
   biodiversity values (as per ESS6).
6) Review technical outputs from the design engineers and contractors and advise PLN on
   the potential for environmental, social, security, health and / or safety risks.
7) Attend workshops, meetings, missions and field visits (including virtually) at key
   milestones and / or to review progress. This may include preparing and delivering
   presentations or preparing reports in advance or following the event.
8) Provide independent advice to PLN following a serious harm incident.
9) Provide advice regarding measures to enhance the overall environmental and social
   outcome of the Project. This will include providing advice and guidance for
   unanticipated environmental or social impacts of the project that may happen during the
   construction phase.

Linkages to other independent advisory panels and teams:




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021        435
Separately a Dam Safety Panel of Experts will be engaged to convene regularly and provide
technical review and advisory services for the dam safety aspects of the project, in accordance
with ESS4 Community Health and Safety.

Expertise Required

The panel will be made up of at least three members as follows:

Environmental Specialist: Qualified to Masters level or equivalent in environmental science,
biology, geography, engineering, ecology or similar. At least fifteen years experience in the
assessment of environmental risks and impacts at an international level of expertise (World
Bank ESF, Safeguards Policies or equivalent) related to infrastructure development on, near
or in rivers, such as dams, hydropower and roads. Demonstrable project experience in
Indonesia or similar environments. At least three years’ experience supervising or monitoring
environmental impacts from the construction of infrastructure including experience in the
management of compliance, enforcement, incidents and emergencies.

Social Specialist: Qualified to Masters level or equivalent in social science, anthropology,
geography, planning, law or similar, related to social assessment. At least fifteen years
experience in the assessment of social risks and impacts at an international level of expertise
(World Bank ESF, Safeguards Policies or equivalent) related to infrastructure development
with large scale resettlement and livelihood restoration. Experience in hydropower projects
and / or community forestry programmes is desirable. At least ten years’ experience
implementing, supervising or monitoring land acquisition and stakeholder engagement
processes. Demonstrable recent (last ten years) experience in Indonesia for land acquisition,
social assessment and stakeholder engagement.

Biodiversity Specialist: Qualified to Masters level or equivalent in zoology, biology, ecology
or similar. Over 15 years experience in the field of conservation of one or more mammal
species in the list of UCPS species of interest and / or the restoration of tropical forest habitat
on which they depend. Demonstrable experience in the past five years of panel
membership(s), board membership(s), peer review or other governance positions. Recent
(past five years) experience working on the biodiversity risks of infrastructure projects is
desirable.

The panel will be operational for the duration of the Project (seven years) and must have at
least one environmental, one social and one biodiversity expert engaged at all times.

Commitment

This contract is for initial period of two years. Contracts may be renewed on an annual basis
following the two-year period by mutual agreement.

Panel members are expected to be available on an ad hoc basis for up to 40 working days per
year. The work will be a combination of home office and field based. Pending COVID-19
travel restrictions, the panel is expected to travel to Bandung and to the project site, at least
twice a year. This will be at the request of PLN and may align with key project milestones
and / or World Bank missions. Panel members must be fit and able to travel and must be
familiar with working in remote tropical environments. all other meetings, communications,
document reviews and report preparation will be undertaken remotely from the home office.
The panel members are expected to have the skills and technology to conduct video-
conferencing and file sharing.

Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021             436
APPENDIX H. PHYSICAL CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY




Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021   437
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2021   438