E801 V. 2 August 2003 THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT CENTRAL PROJECT OFFICE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPAcT AsSESSMENT FOR VIET NAM WATER REsoURCEs AsiSTANCE PROJECT VOLUME 2: REPORT No. l: DRAFT FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASsESSMENT OF YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT PREPARED BY GEC GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS LTD. AND CENTER FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR LIFE AND PRODUCTION APRIL 2003 THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF ViET NAM MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT CENTRAL PROJECT OFFICE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT SESSMENT FOR VIET NAM WATER RESOURCES ASSISTANCE PROJECT VOLUME 2: REPORT No. 1: DRAFT FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL DMPACT AsSESSMENT OF YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT PREPARED BY GEC GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS LTD. AND CENTER FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR LIFE AND PRODUCTION APRIL 2003 EXECUTWE SUMMARY This report is a draft Environmental Impact Assessment for the Yen Lap Sub-Project prepared as part of overall preparation of the Viet Nam Water Resources Assistance Project (VWRAP). This draft EIA was prepared with the configurations of the Yen Lap Sub-Project as conceived, designed, and described in documents and information provide by the Consultant to the EIA Consultant as of 31 January 2003, supplemented by secondary data obtained by the EIA Consultant in documents, maps, interviews with local officials, and other similar sources, as well as a detailed socioeconomic survey conducted by the EIA Consultant in September 2002. This EIA has been prepared in accordance with the national legal, policy, and regulatory requirements for environmental management and protection in Viet Nam as well as the various relevant IDA operational safeguard policies. YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT DESCRIPTION The Yen Lap Reservoir and Irrigation Scheme is located in Quang Ninh Province in northeast Viet Nam. Irrigation is restricted to Yen Hung district and Uong Bi Town. The irrigated area is on the coastal fringe of the Red River Delta, which is a strongly tidal influenced delta environment. The Yen Lap Reservoir is located to the east of the irrigation area in Hoanh Bo District. The Yen Lap Reservoir is sited north and northwest of Uong Bi and National Highway No. 18. The reservoir is constructed in the Dong Trieu mountain range. The Yen Lap reservoir headwork is comprised of an earthen dam, radial gate spillway and intake sluice. The reservoir spiltway discharges to the Mit River (Yen Hung District). Two supplementary dams are located at Nghia Lo and Dan Chu communes (Hoanh Bo District). Construction of the Yen Lap Reservoir and associated irrigation scheme commenced in 1978 and was completed in 1982. The sxstem was originally designed to gravity irrigate an area of 10,067 ha and supply water at a rate of 9.5 x 10 m3 year for domestic and industrial purposes in Yen Hung district and Cat Hai Island (Cat Hai District, Hai Phong). The advent of Yen Lap scheme provided significant socioeconomic improvements to what was a seriously water-deficient area of parts of Yen Hung, Uong Bi and Hoanh Bo Districts. Rice production has doubled in comparison to conditions prior to the Irrigation Scheme and local people have been supplied with sufficient water for domestic activities. Nevertheless, insufficient attention to O&M over the years has meant that the original design and system objectives have yet to be achieved. Recent assessments of the Yen Lap Irrigation Scheme indicate that the water supply system services only 4,000 ha, which translates into a rate of ISE of only 40%. Bulk water supply for industrial and domestic use is only a rate of 2.1 million m3/yr and the provision of bulk water supply to Cat Hai Island has not yet been achieved. The poor delivery of irrigation water onto farms has been attributed in large part to the general state of disrepair of the canal system and on-canal regulating structures. Furthermore the dilapidated condition and antiquated operation of the head works exacerbates the problem of low irrigation system effectiveness, In addition, there has been some structural deterioration of the dam and the dam no longer meets new design flood safety standards. The overall objectives of the Yen Lap Sub-Project are to: o Preserve the available water in the Yen Lap Reservoir; o Upgrade the existing irrigation scheme; e Improve reliability, flexibility, and effectiveness of the irrigation system; o Reduce the cost of operation and maintenance; o Enable the scheme to satisfy all reasonable water needs by supplying a sufficient quantity of water at the required times of the year; and o Create the conditions for sustainable socioeconomic development using the application of modem design, engineering, and irrigation system managernent technologies. This will be achieved by modernization of technical infrastructure from the headworks to the farm fields and by modernization of the management system for the entire Irrigation Scheme. The Yen Lap Sub-Project will have a phased approach to modernization. This means that Yen Lap Sub- Project investments will be grouped into two phases. The first phase will include the finalized dam safely review, rehabilitation works for the dams, rehabilitation works for rnain and primary canals and rehabilitation works and modemization for two pilot areas representing about 20% of the command area. The second phase will include expanding the experiences gained through pilot testing to remaining 50% of the command area. MAIN CONCLUSIONS OF INMPACT ASSESSMENT The Yen Lap Sub-Project is environmentally feasible. The Sub-Project will have a number of significant positive benefits: Increase in beneficiary income and reduction of poverty throughout the command area through improved and reliable water supply for agricultural production for 28,500 households living in the command area of the Sub-Project; o Provision of clean and reliable supply of domestic and drinking water for 200,000 persons; and o Increases in employment and labor in a region with very high levels of unemployment and underemployment. All of the potentially significant environmental impacts identified in the impact assessment can be mitigated. These conclusions apply to both phases of investments for the Yen Lap Sub-Project: (i) first phase of investments consisting of headworks, main and primary canals and the two pilot areas that consist of secondary, tertiary and on-farm canal systems offthe main and primary canals and which contain a total of about 20% of the total command area; and (ii) the remaining 80% of the command area. At this stage of VWRAP design, it is expected that no separate environmental assessment will be required for the second phase of investments. The programmatic framework for the environmental component of the second phase of investments needs to consist of a detailed design of the Environmental Management Plan for the remaining 80% of the command area based on the findings of the environmental management program for the first phase of investments and the actual engineering works in the second phase of investments. The detailed design of the Environmental Management Plan for the remaining 80% of the command area should be done concomitant with the detailed technical and engineering design for the second phase of investments. YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN The Environmental Management Plan for the Yen Lap Sub-Project consists of an environmental mitigation program and an environmental monitoring program. The environmental mitigation program consists of: Proper management and disposal of dredged and excavated soils; Rehabilitation and restoration of borrow sites; Minimization of disruption to water users during canal lining; o Compensation for lost forest resources due to construction of the emergency spillway through re- forestation of a similar area within the Yen Lap Watershed Protection Forest; o Proper environmental management of construction worker camps, including minimization of disruption to local residents from construction activities; o Implementation of canal lining so as to minimize disruption of water availability; o Implementation of a comprehensive resettlement and compensation action plan; o Maximization of employment opportunities for local residents; o Construction of the Chanh River Siphon to minimize disturbance to surface waters and aquatic resources of the Chanh River; o Provision for detecting and clearing unexploded ordnance; o Prevention of disruption to designated cultural and historical sites accordance with IDA Operational Policy OP 11.03 - Cultural Property; o 1PM extension services to beneficiaries in the pilot areas; and o Preparation and implementation of environmental action plan for aquaculture program for Yen Hung District. An important environmental mitigation will be the minimization of disruption to water users during canal lining. Improper timing of the construction activities associated with main canal reinforcement and lining may negatively affect water supply to farmers downstream. On the one hand, construction of canal reinforcements in the dry season can proceed very quickly, but water supply needs to be tumed off during the construction periods; the dry season is the season when water supply via the irrigation scheme is most critical. On the other hand, water supply to the farmers via the irrigation scheme is not as critical in the rainy season and yet construction is much more problematic and expensive given the larger amounts of water in the system at that time. It will be necessary to develop rigid construction timetables for canal lining to minimize disruption to the beneficiaries and at the same time have efficient implementation of this part of the Sub-Project. In addition, consultation with all affected parties will be required in order to reach agreement how much impact wili be accepted by the affected groups. The total cost of the Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan is US $236,633, consisting of US $138,586 for the environmental mitigation program and US $98,047 for the environmental mitigation compliance monitoring and environmental effects monitoring programs. INSTITUTIONS RESPONSIBLE FOR IMPLEMENTFING THE YEN LAP EMP The Yen Lap EMP will be implemented wilhin a cormprehensive organizational framework under the overall VWRAP Project. VWRAP wifl engage several ministries, departments, and institutes, it wifl create a project management unit within MARD in Ha Noi (PMU) and Sub-Project Implementation Units (SIUs) in each province, and there will be numerous linkages between these institutions and numerous other existing institutions at the national, provincial, district, and commune levels (This assumes a decentralized modality for Sub-Project implementation and will need to be modified if a more traditional, centralized modality for Sub- Project implementation is selected. Under either modality, VWRAP PMU can be either CPO or another unit set up or designated by MARD). The following institutions will be responsible for the successful implementation of the Yen Lap Environmental Management Plan: VWRAP PMU - responsible for overall VWRAP implementation management and will contain environmental safeguard staff. VWRAP PMU will be responsible for overall quality assurance of EMP implementation. Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU - staffed by personnel from Quang Ninh DARD and Yen Lap IMC, Yen Lap SIU, and will be responsible for daily implementation activities of the Yen Lap Sub-Project. As a consequence, it will supervise and control the quality of construction and physical implementation of the Yen Lap Sub- Project EMP Vietnamese Environmental Regulators - MoNRE and Quang Ninh MoNRE will be responsible for all regulatory reviews and approvals of the Yen Lap Sub-Project in accordance with the national legal framework for environmental protection and management. Quang Ninh Provincial Organizations - Other Quang Ninh provincial departments will have important responsibilities such as implementing specific components of the mitigation program (IPM), ensuring their particular safeguards are being properly implemented (i.e. DoCI) and providing supplementary and secondary data to assist in the implementation of the Yen Lap EMP (e.g., land use and commodity production data). IDA - IDA will review the implementation of the EMP. Problems and issues that are identified will be raised to MARD as part of the regular Yen Lap Sub-Project review process. Environmental Safeguard Contractors - An Environmental Safeguard Conlractor will be selected from the numerous national environmental consultant organizations in Viet Nam. The EnvironmentaJ Safeguard Contractor wili act as general contractor for primary data collection surveys and for preparation and submission of various compliance and effects monitoring assessment reports. They will also be responsible for undertaking some of the specific mitigation measures for the Yen Lap Sub-Project. Consultant Environmental Specialists - some of the resources of the Design and Supervision Technical Assistance under VWRAP will be used to engage two environmental specialists who will take on substantial implementation tasks for the EMP: (i) the Consultant's intemational environment specialist; and (ii) the Consultant's national environmental specialist seconded from a nationally-recognized environmental management institution. The secondment could be in the form of a fixed-term, renewable contract during pre-construction, construction, and operation phases. It is expected that the services of the Consultant's international environment specialist will be required for VWRAP implementation until the completion of the Detailed Design of the Yen Lap EMP for the second phase of investments, at which time sufficient training and capacity building will have been given that remaining institutions and personnel will be able to implement the remainder of the Yen Lap Sub-Profect EMP. In this EMP, it is assumed that the Detailed Engineerinq Design for the second investment phase will occur in the third year of imDlementation. POLICY GUIDELINES FOR DETAILED DESIGN: SECOND PHASE OF INVESTMENTS Detailed Design of the Yen Lap EMP for the second phase of investments will proceed as follows: *While no separate and additional environmental assessment is required for the second phase of investments, VWRAP PMU will formally confirm this conclusion prior to the detailed design of the engineering works for the second investment phase and will obtain approval for this from MoNRE, MARD, and IDA. *VWRAP PMU, with the assistance of the Consultant Environmental Specialists, will be responsible for preparing a Detailed Design Document for the Yen Lap Sub-Project: Second Investment Phase. This Detailed Design Document will use the lessons learned from the results of the environmental management of the first investment phase of the Yen Lap Sub-Project and will be prepared concomitant with the detailed technical and engineering design for the second phase of investments. *While no separate and additional environmental assessment is required, consultation with affected groups and communities in the remaining 80% of command areas will be required. This consultation will include, but not be restricted to: - Presenting the res4lts and findings of the environmental management of the first phase of Yen Lap Sub-Project investments to affected groups and communities - Description of engineering works to be implemented in second investment phase, expected environmental effects, and scope of proposed environmental management plan. - Receipt of comments and suggestions from affected groups and communities on environmental issues associated with second investment phase and scope of proposed environmental management plan. These will be documented as a consultation record as part of the final detailed design document for the Environmental Management Plan for the second investment phase. *The results of the consultation will be used to prepare a final detailed design document for the Environmental Management Plan for the second investment phase. *VWRAP PMU will submit and obtain approval for the final detailed design document for the second investment phase from MoNRE, MARD, and IDA. *Upon receiving the necessary approvals, VWRAP PMU will be responsible for ensuring that the Environmental Management Plan for the second investment phase of the Yen Lap Sub-Project is implemented according to the detailed design document. Summary of Application of IDA Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies to Yen Lap Sub-Project Bank Operational Summary of Assessment and Rationale Recommendations Policy While Yen Lap Sub-Project is classified as Category A, requiring a full- scale impact assessment, the results of this EIA indicate that the scale OP 4.01 - and magnitude of the expected environmental impacts of the Yen Lap Environmental Sub-Project are more like that of a Category B project. Environmental . Implement Yen Lap Sub-Project Assessment- impacts of the Yen Lap Sub-Project are site-specific, none are Envimnmental Management Plan irreversible; very few direct impacts are on environmentally important EniomtaMngentPn Triggered areas such as wetlands, forests, or other natural habitats, all are preventable, and mitigation measures have been designed for all possible environmental impacts _no impacts predicted for Yen Lap Reservoir watershed, where all of the intact natural terrestrial habitats of the Sub-Project Area occur. * Monitoring of water quality in estuarine l There will be loss of natural habitats on Song Khoai Hill from excavation areas of Yen Hung District is recommended OP 4.04- of soil to be used as earth-fill. as part of environmental effects monitoring Natural Habtats . There will beloss of natural habhats in the Yen Lap Watershed program - Triggered Protection Forest from the construction of the emergency spillway - Environmental review of provincial *Yen Lap Sub-Project will provide increased water supply to an aquaculture program to advise Quang Ninh expanding provincial coastal aquaculture program which itself was not Province on guidelines for ensuring coastal assessed for possible environmental impacts. There may be a risk of aquacutture is environmentally sustainable losi' c5aslal wetiand resources OP 4.36 - * 10 ha of Yen Lap Watershed Protection Forest will be lost as a result of W reforestaton of 20 ha lthin Yen Lap Forestry - Iconstruction of the new emergency spillway compensation l Triggered compensa __________on__ * Mitigation recommended against any possible loss of or damage to nationally or OPN 11?03- . impacts are assessed as Unknown because, while the exact location of locally designated cultural and historical OPN 11.03 - themeacts ofathe C a assessed asUnknown b5ecause bwhile the exact locaton Of sites by adjusting the siting of Sub-Project Cultural Property the each of the cultural and histoic sites lis the cibvioject iknown civl works; to be incorporated into the - Triggered the location of the Sub-Project activities listed above is not yet known in detailed design of the physical works detail. * terms and conditions be included in construction contracts to ensure integrity of these historical and cultural resources OP 4.12 - Involuntary * while there is no requirement for resettlement, there is a requirement to Resetlement and Compensation Action Resettlement - pay compensation for permanent and temporary land acquisition Project feasibility study Triggered Projectfeasibilitystudy_l OP 4.20 - . There are no members of recognized ethnic minority groups living in the command area of the Yen Lap Sub-Project Indigenous . While a substantial number of residents in the Yen Lap Reservoir catchment area belong to a recognized ethnic minority Peoples - Not. group, there will be not Sub-Project activities taking place in the Yen Lap Reservoir catchment and there assessed to be no Triggered Sub-Project activities that will have any direct or indirect effects on the environmental resources of the catchment. OP 4.37- Safety of Dams - . Upgrading Yen Lap Dam safety a major component of first investment phase. Specific engineering works are provided for triqqerd -increasing dam safety * It is estimated that an additional 37 t of pesticides and herbicides will be . Both mitigation and monitoring are required annually for the entire Sub-Project over and above estimates of recommended. With respect to mitigation, current pesticide and herbicide application. This is about a 147% IPM extension services should continue to OP 4.03 - increase over estimated current pesticide and herbicide use throughout be provided to Sub-Project beneficiaries as Pesticide the Sub-Project. This impact is assessed as Unknown but potentially a part of the Sub-Project in accordance with Management - Significant without mitigation or monitonng. Existing baseline the requirements of IDA OP 4.03. Extension Triggered information on pesticide concentrations in the Sub-Project environment services should include topics of is non-existent and so current conditions can not be estimated, but Ihe appropriate selection and application of expected increase is substantial, particularly as 45% of Sub-Project biocides as well as basic techniques of and beneficiaries have not yet received training in IPM methods. approaches to [PM. OP 7.60- Projects in . Not triggered as none of the Sub-Project Area or the area of influence of the Sub-Project is part of a territory whose Disputed Areas - jurisdiction is disputed by another country Not Triggered . Not triggered as: OP 7.50 - - None of the water bodies associated with the Yen Lap Sub-Project form a boundary between, or flow through the Intemational territory of another country; Waternatinays -- None of the water bodies associated with the Yen Lap Sub-Project are a any tributary or component of any waterway Waterways - Not described above; and Triggered - None of the water bodies associated with the Yen Lap Sub-Project are recognized as a necessary channel of I communication between the open sea and other states countries or of any river flowing into such waters. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 B C GR U D N BACKGROUND.......................AND........OBJECTIVES..........................1 1.2 OVERVIEW OF THE YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT....................................................... 1 1.3 LEGAL, POLICY, AND REGULATORY CONTEXT FOR YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT EIA ........................... . 3 1.4 APPROACH TO VWRAP DEFINITION, PREPARATION, AND IMPLEMENTATION ............................... 5 1.5 GENERAL APPROACH To EIA PREPARATION ...................................................... 6 1.5.1 SOURCES OF INFORMATION USED IN THE PREPARATION OFTHis EIA....................................6 1.5.2 A M T OD L G ............E........AMETH...................D........L.......GY.......... 6.. 1.5.3 B-ROE TA EA FNSUB-PROJECT...................AREA........OF......INFLUENCE................ 6 1.5.4 SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT ......................._.....6 1 .6 OUTLINE OF THE EIA FOR'THE YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT .............................................. 7 2: DESCRIPTION OF YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT 8 2.1 S M AR O USUMMARYIO ............OF......CURRENT...............SITUATION.....................8 2.1.1 YEN LAP DAM, RESERVOIR, AND SUPPLEMENTARY EARTH DAMS.................................... 8 2.1.2 LL A ................................P..........LL...............AY.................... 8 2.1.3 NLA Am F YENLE Y..............APDAM.........................D.....AFET..................8 2.1.4 T K LU C ...............INTAKE..........................SLUICE......................... 9.. 2.1.5 MAIN CANAL DISTRIBUTION SYStEM ANiD AssoCIATED WATER CONTROL STRUCTURES...................... 9 2.1.6 A HRIE S P O ... ....C......ANHR...............VER............I......H.......N........... 1 2.1.7 PRIMARY, SEC-ONDARY, TERTIARY, AND ON-FARM IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM ..................... 11 2.2 D S RITONOFDESCRIPTION.......................OF......SUB-PROJECT.............................1 2.2.1 OVERALL OBJECTIVES OF SUB-PROJECT........................... ........................1 1 2.2.2 CHANGES IN WATER USE AND ALLOCATION WITH MODERNIZATION ...................................-12 2.2.3 YEN LAP DAM, RESERVOIR, AND SUPPLEMENTARY EARTH DAMS .....................................12 2.2.4 iTIG S IL W Y .......EXISTING............. ...........S..........LLWAY................12....1 2.2.5 UPGRADING YEN LAP DAm FLOOD SAFETY.................................................... 13 2.2.6 T K LU C ..............INTAKE.......................SLUICE........................13.....1 2.2.7 MAIN CANAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AND AssociATED WATER CONTROL STRUCTURES......................14 2.2.8 A H RIE IP O ........CHA...........HR.........VERS..........................N......14....1 2.2.9 PRIMARY, SECONDARY. TERTIARY, AND ON-FARM IRRIGATION SYSTEM.................................14 2.2.10 SUMMARY OF SURFAC-E TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM UPGRADING...................................... 15 2.2.1 1 MODERNIZATION OF I RR!GATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM .................... ......................15 2.2.12 IAG YS E ............DRAINAGE.......-.................SYSTEM....................... 15... 2.2.13 REQUIREMENTS FOR RESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION FOR LAND AcQuISITION .........................16 2.3 EXPECTED CHANGES IN AGRICULTURAL LAND USE ................................................ 16 2.3.1 ExpE:CTED CHANGES IN AGRICULTURAL LAND USE IN PILOT AREAS....................................16 3: DESCRIPTION OF ExISTING ENVIRONMENT 18 3.1 L C TINOFS B-LOCATION...................OF........SUB-PROJECT..........................18.....1 3.2 HY IA R S UR E .PHYSICAL........................RESOURCES............................... 18... 3.2.1 MA E...........................CLIM ATE..18........................................ ... 3.2.2 ND O MSA o o G AP Y....NDF........R...........AND........TOPOGRAPHY..................... 1.. 8 3.2.3 L . ..... ... . .. ..... . . .. . ....... .. ..SoILS. .21... ... .. .. .. .. . .... ... .... . . . ... .. ..... .. 3.2.4 RFC W T R Y RO OYSURFACE................WATER............HYDROLOGY.................... 22..2 3.2.5 R AC AT RQU LT SURFACE....................WATER.............QUALI..............Y.22.......2 3.2.6 O ND AERR SO R ES..GROUNDWATER.........................RESOURCES..................... 23...2 3.2.7 R Q A IY ...................A........RQUAL.ITY...................................23......2 3.2.6 N RA MINERAL.................................RESOURCES.24............................2 3.3 tO O BIOLOGICAL..................................RESOURCES............................. 24...2 3.3.1 TERRESTRIAL EcoSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY................................................_24 3.3.2 AQUATic EcosySTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY.....................................................25 3.3.3 NATURE RESERVES AND PROTECTED AREAS ...................................................25 3.3 FO E TRE O RC S..4......FOREST....................RESOURCES.28..............................2 3.4 S COE O OMCRESOCIOECONOMIC.............................RESOURCES......................28.....2 3.4.1 POPULATION, DEMOGRAPHY, AND ETHNIC COMPOSITION ..........................................28 3.4.2 D S ........ ...............LAND.......................USE...................29.......2 3.43 A RIU TU EPR3 AGRICULTURE.............................PRODUCTION....................... 29...2 3.4.4 AQUACULTURE .......................................29 3.4. o5S R ......................FORESTRY.......................................3............ 0 3.4-6 F+DUSEHOOLD) INCCOME AND INCIDENCE OF POVERTY -..............--......_-.................._ 31 3.4.7 DoMESTIC AND DRINKING WATER SUPPLY AND QUALiTY ...........................................31 3.4.8 S DISEASE ANDE LT .... .... ...................PUBLIC. ...........HEAL................. 3__3 33.4 N USR.9.......................INDUSTRY.........................................31.......3 3.4.10 OU ToURISM........... RESOURCES................................................. 32...3 3.4.11 CULTURAL AND HISTORic RESOURCES .......................................................32 3.4 1 N VGAI12NDTR NFNTAAO I,IGATION............AND..... .T......N_S........RTA........N.....32...3 4: IMPACT AssESSMENT 34 4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AsSESSMENT METHODOLOGY ............................................. 34 4.2 APPLICATION OF IDA OPERATIONAL POLICIES ....................... ............................ 36 4.2.1 EFFECTS OF DAM SAFETY RISK .................... ................. ....................36 4.3 ACTIVITIES WITH CONSISTENT IMPACTS ON ALL ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES............................ . 36 4.3.1i REPAIRING AND UPGRADING ExISTING CIVIL WOCRKS AND FACILITIES...................................37 4.3.2 MODERNIZATION OF IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM...........___........... ....._.....37 4.3.3 CONSTRUCTION ActIVITIEs AsSOCJATED) WITH SUB-PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION.........I..I..I........-.. . 36 4.3.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF RESET-TLEMENT ...................................................38 4.3.5 MITIGABLE IMPACTS OF INC-REASED WATER SUPPLY FOR MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL USE .................. . 38 4.3.6 PROViISON OF INCREAsED WATER SUPPLY To AQUACULTURE............_..........................39 4.3.7 IMPACTS ON POPULATION AND COMMUNITIES ...................................................40 4.4 ENVRONMENTAL, SOCIAL RESOURCES WITH UNIFORm ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ........................ . 40 4.4.1 No SUB-PROJECT IMPACTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES IN YEN LAP RESERtVOIR CATCHMENT .............40 4.4.2 No SUB-PROJECT IMPACTS ON RARE AND ENDANGERED SPECIES...................................4 0 4.4.3 PosrnIVE SUB-PROJECT IMPACTS OF THE SUB-PROJECT oN EMPLOYMENT...............................41 4.4.4 POSITIVE IMPACTS ON EcONOMIC ACTIVITIES, INCOME, AND INCIDENCE OF POVERTY........................41 4.4.5 MI-rJGABLE SUB-PROJECT IMPACTS ON MINERAL RESOURCES.................... .................._41 4.4.6 No SUE-PROJECT IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY........... .............. ..... .... ..............41 4.4.7 No SUE-PROJECT IMPACTS ON NOISE .........__....... ................42 4.4.8 No SUB-PROJECT IMPACTS ON HUMAN HEALTH......__.........................................4 2 4.4.9 No SUJB-PROJECT IMPACTS ON NATURE RESERVES AND PROTECOTED AREAS..............................42 4.4. 10 No SUB-PROJECT IMPACTS oN TOURism RESOURCES............................................. 43 4.5 SUB-PROJECT IMPACTS OF PRE-CONSTRUCTION................................................... 43 465.1 l:AcTS OF THE uESACYOF CONFLicT-....- .... .......... ................................._43 4.6.2 REQUIREMENTS FOjR RESE-TTLEMENTi AND LAND AcoISiTION .......................................43 4.6 SUB-PROJECT IMPACTS OF CONSTRUCTION..................................__.................. 43 4.6.1 IMPACTS ON PHYSICAL RESOURCES....................................................... ..43 4.6.2 IMPACTS ON BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES ......................... ............................486 4.6.3 IMPACTS ON SOCIOECONOMIC RESOURCES........................... ...._..._._..._.. 48 4.7 IMPACTS DURING OPERATIONXAL PHASE................................... ............_.... 49 4.7.1 IMPACTSONPHYSICALRESOURCES..... _.. ............. .............. .......... .......49 44.7I.2 -T O B IMPACTSOU r-S .......ON.....BIOLOGICAL................RESOURCES.................. 51 4.7.3 IMPACTS ON SOCIOECONOMIC- RESOURCES .............................................. ..... 51 4.8 MAIN CONCLUSIONS OF iMPACT AsSESSMENT.................................................... 52 4.8.1 SUMMARY oF BANK OPERATIONAL POLICIES IN REGARDS TO YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT...................... . 52 5: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PILAN FOR YEN LAiP SUB-PROJECT 54 5.1 VIETNAMESE LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK.............................................54 5.1.1 THE LEGAL FRAMEICORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT.......................................54 5.1 .2 THE ADMIN1S-TRATIVE FRAMEWORK FORENviRONMEFNTAL MANAGEME-NT................................55 5.1.3 VIETNAMEsiE ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS ..........................................._.....56 5.2 IDA ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS .........................................................56 5.3 OVERALL APPROAC-H TO IMPLEMENTATION ....................... .........................56 5.4 INSTI~TUToN.s RESPONSIBLE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE YE-N LAP EMP ..............................._..57 5.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PROGRAM FOR YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT....................__............57 5.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION COMPLIANCE MONITORING PROGRAM FOR YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT ......_......58 5.7 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MONITORING PROGRAM FOR YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT ..........................58 5.8 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR YEN ILAP EMP ..................................................58 5.9 ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWVORK FOR IMPLEMENTING THE YEN LAP EMP .................................58 59.91 KEY FEATURES OF ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEVVORK ..............................__............. 58 5.9.2 INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION DURING PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASES............60 5.9.3 INSTITUTIONALRE-SPONSIBILITIES FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASES ...............62 5.9.4 INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR EMP IMPLEMEN-TATION DURING OPERATIONAL PHASES .................4 5.1 0 POLICY GUIDELINES FOR DETAILED DESIGN: SECOND PHIASE OF INVESTMENTS .......................... . 65 5.11 TRA]MNNG AND CAPACITY UPGRADING, RE-CUIREMENTS FoR EVlP I MPLEMIENTATION......................-66 5.11.1 EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CAPABILITIES ............................................. ,66 5.11.2 RECOMMENDED TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING .67 5.12 REQUIREMENTS FOR FLEXIBILITY AND ADAPTABILITY IN EMP IMPLEMENTATION .67 5.13 COSTS OF YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .69 ANNEX 1: TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA 85 ANNEX 2: SUMMARY OF PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS IN SUPPORT OF EIA PREPARATION 90 ANNEX 3: POLiCY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR EIA 91 ANNEX 4: SOURCES OF INFORMATION USED IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS EIA 95 ANNEX 5: SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY INFORMATION FOR YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT 97 ANNEX 6: SUMMARY OF VIET NAM WATER QUALITY STANDARDS 104 ANNEX 7: SUMMARY OF RARE AND ENDANGERED SPECIES FOUND IN QUANG NINH PROVINCE 121 ANNEX 8: LOCATION OF MAJOR PROTECTED AREAS IN QUANG NINH PROVINCE 122 ANNEX 9: DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR PROTECTED AREAS IN QUANG NINH PROVINCE 123 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1: YEN LAP RESERVOIR WATER LEVEL AND STORAGE CHARACTERISTICS. 9 TABLE 2: Y EN L AP D AM D ESIGN PARAMETERS. 9 TABLE 3: YEN LAP DAM SPILLWAY DESIGN AND OPERATION PARAMETERS. 9 TABLE 4: PARAMETERS FOR EXISTING AND REQUIRED FLOOD DESIGN FOR YEN LAP DAM. 1 0 TABLE 5: YEN LAP RESERVOIR INTAKE SLUICE DESIGN PARAMETERS .10 TABLE 6: SUMMARY OF INTAKE SLUICE PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS APPLIED TO DATE. 1 0 TABLE 7: CHANGES IN WATER USE WITH THE YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT. , 13 TABLE 8: QUANTITIES OF ENGINEERING REQUIRED FOR UPGRADING YEN LAP DAM AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES. 1 3 TABLE 9: TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF PROPOSED EMERGENCY SLUICE .14 TABLE 10: QUANTITIES OF MATERIAL REQUIRED FOR UPGRADING CANAL SYSTEM OF YEN LAP IRRIGATION SCHEME. 15 TABLE 1 1: QUANTITIES OF ENGINEERING REQUIRED FOR UPGRADING CANAL SYSTEM IN YEN LAP IRRIGATION SCHEME PILOT AREAS.15 TABLE 12. DESCRIPTION OF PLANNED UPGRADES TO SURFACE TRANSPORTATION IN YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT .16 TABLE 13: RESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION REQUIREMENTS FOR YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT .17 TABLE 14: EXPECTED CHANGES IN AGRICULTURAL LAND USE WITHIN THE COMMAND AREA WITH SUB-PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION .......... I , .1 7 TABLE 15: SYNOPTIC LAND USE INFORMATION FOR YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT AREA ......................................................... 1 9 TABLE 16: SYNOPTIC SOCIOECONOMIC INFORMATION FOR YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT .20 TABLE 17: BASIC CLIMATE INFORMATION FOR CAM SON-CAU SON SUB-PROJECT .21 TABLE 18: SUMMARY OF RARE AND ENDANGERED SPECIES FOUND IN QUANH NINH PROVINCE ....................................... 26 TABLE 19: RECENT CHANGES IN LAND USE IN YEN HUNG DISTRICT ............................................................................... 30 TABLE 20: SUMMARY OF DOMESTIC AND DRINKING WATER INFORMATION IN PILOT AREAS ............................................... 32 TABLE 21: CULTURAL AND HISTORIC SITES IN DISTRICTS THAT FORM THE SUB-PROJECT AREA AND IN AREAS IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO THE SUB-PROJECT AREA ................................................................................. 33 TABLE 22: SUMMARY OF EXPECTED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT ............................................ 35 TABLE 23: ESTIMATED INCREMENTAL INPUTS OF FERTILIZER REQUIRED FOR YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT . ............................ 50 TABLE 24: ESTIMATED INCREMENTAL INPUTS OF PESTICIDES REQUIRED FOR YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT . ........................... 50 TABLE 25: RESULTS OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE SAMPLING IN THE 0 MON XA No SUB-PROJECT IN 2001 DRY *SEASON.,50 TABLE 26: APPLICATION OF IDA ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SAFEGUARD POLICIES TO YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT . ........ 53 TABLE 27: REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR THE YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ........... 59 TABLE 28: DETAILED COSTS AND SCHEDULE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PROGRAM FOR YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT. 70 TABLE 29: DETAILED COSTS AND SCHEDULE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMS FOR YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT ............................................................................... 71 TABLE 30: LIST OF ASSUMPTIONS MADE IN COST ESTIMATION OF YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................................... 73 TABLE 31: ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PROGRAM FOR YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT . ......................................................... 74 TABLE 32: ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION COMPLIANCE MONITORING PROGRAM . .......................................................... 80 TABLE 33: SUB-PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MONITORING SUB-PROGRAM . .................................................... 82 TABLE 34: LIST OF RARE AND ENDANGERED MAMMALS FOUND IN QUANG NINH PROVINCE . .......................................... 121 TABLE 35: LIST OF RARE AND ENDANGERED PLANTS FOUND IN QUANG NINH PROVINCE ............................................... 121 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1: LOCATION OF COMPONENTS AND SUB-PROJECTS OF VWRAP . ..................................................................... 2 FIGURE 2: OVERVIEW OF THE YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT ............................................................................... 4 FIGURE 3: HISTORICAL MONTHLY TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION IN YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT ................................... 21 FIGURE 4: MINIMUM MONTHLY YEN LAP RESERVOIR LEVEL .............................................................................. 23 FIGURE 5: INCIDENCE OF POVERTY IN TWO PILOT AREAS .............................................................................. 32 FIGURE 6: PREDICTED CHANGE IN INCIDENCE OF POVERTY IN PILOT AREAS WITH SUB-PROJECT .................................... 42 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of April 2003) Current Unit - Viet Nam Dong (VND) US $1.00 - VND 15,300 VND 1,000 - US $0.065 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank BP Bank Procedure CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CPC Commune People's Committee CPO Central Project Office (of MARD) DANIDA Danish International Development Assistance DARD Department of Agricultural and Rural Development DoCI Department of Culture and Information DoFi Department of Fisheries Dol Department of Industry DoSTE Department of Science, Technology and Environment DSA Daily Subsistence Allowance DWT Dead-Weight Tons EIA Environmental impact assessment EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return EMD Environmental Management Department (DoSTE) EMDP Ethnic Minority Development Plan EMP Environmental Management Plan EPP Emergency Preparedness Plan FPD Forest Protection Department FS Feasibility Study GoVN Government of Viet Nam HEC Hydraulic Engineering Company HH Household IDA International Development Association IMC Irrigation Management Company IPM integrated Pest Management IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature MARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MoNRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment NEA National Environment Agency NGO Non-governmental organization NKH Nippon Koei Haskoning (the Consultant) NLEP National Law on Environmental Protection NPV Net Present Value O/M Operations and Maintenance OP Operation Policy PAH Project Affected Households PFS Pre-Feasibility Study PMF Probable Maximum Flood PMU Project Management Unit PPC Provincial People's Committee RAP Resettlement Action Plan Sida Swedish International Development Agency SIO Sub-Project Implementation Office SIU Sub-Project Implementation Unit ToR Terms of Reference UXO Unexploded Ordnance VND Viet Nam Dong VWRAP Viet Nam Water Resources Assistance Project WB World Bank 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background and Objectives The Government of Viet Nam (GoVN) has requested assistance from the International Development Association (IDA) to support the Water Resources Assistance Project (VWRAP)'. VWRAP has the following objectives: . Make Vietnamese agriculture more internationally competitive and increase farmer incomes by introducing modern irrigation infrastructure and management to the sector. * Reduce flood and disaster risk by improving dam safety and management. * Promote the environmentally sustainable development of Thu Bon Basin through integrated development and management of water resources. VWRAP is comprised of four separate but integrated eiements (please see Figure 1 for the location of the following components and Sub-Projects): Component 1: Irrigation Modernization and Dam Safety in five irrigation schemes: - Dau TienQ (Tay Ninh Province and Ho Chi Minh City) - Da Ban (Khanh Hoa Province) - Ke Go (Ha Tinh Province) - Yen LaD (Quanq Ninh Province) - Cam Son - Cau Son (Sac Giana Province), Component 2: Dam Safety: - MARD Dam Repair Fund for other MARD dams outside the scope of VWRAP - Hoa Binh Dam Safety Upgrading - Dam Safety Institutional Development Component 3: Thu Bon Integrated River Basin Development (Quang Nam Province): - Inqation modemization and Dam Safety of the Phu Ninh Iniqation Scheme - Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works: - Thu Bon Investment Preparation Component 4: Institutional Development and Capacity Building: - Training and Capacity Building - Design and Supervision Technical Assistance - Design and Supervision Costs - Provincial and MARD Incremental Costs A separate EIA has been constructed for each of the italicized and underlined Sub-Projects in the above list and each of these is termed a Sub-Project for the purposes of the VWRAP EIA. This report is a draft Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the Yen Lap Sub-Project prepared as part of overall VWRAP preparation. This report has been prepared and submitted in accordance with the Terms of Reference for Consulting Services for the VWRAP EIA Consultant (Annex 1). This document is one component of the overall VWRAP EIA: Volume I - summary EIA of the entire VWRAP Project Volume 2 - total of seven EIA reports, one for each of the Sub-Projects listed above Volume 3 - Public Consultation Report Specific public consultation and disclosure activities conducted in support of this Draft EIA are summarized in Annex 2. 1.2 Overview of the Yen Lap Sub-Proiect The Yen Lap Reservoir and Irrigation Scheme is located in Quang Ninh in northeast Viet Nam (Figure 1). Irrigation is restricted to Yen Hung district and Uong Bi Town (Figure 2). The irrigated area is on the coastal fringe The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) obtained a grant from the Government of Japan to procure consultancy services to help prepare V\WRAP; the Central Project Office (CPO) of MARD is the coordinating agency of VWRAP and engaged Nippon Koei Haskoning (NKH) as the Consultant, and GEC Global Environmental Consultants Ltd., in association with Biotechnology for Life and Production Center. C-AOBANG~ -~~~~~~'~ y ' Ac ' -, -- ' Ca4Son - Cau Son Sub-Project | 05 g xj SVHl. '- I Rc% " -~n -- .,,g Yen Lap SubProjec - ! < .5 . ~~~~~NGHE AN . , Ke Go Sub-Proiect N . . KL. 7 - ~ ~~~ . I)/ H t /- OC& :6 W--4M / -.sseWn _~\ - I ) ) - 4 X O Cn Ov ~ ~ - - s da B! - ~~~~~~~~~~x jL - --r-- D Hoing Sa :6nG C6^;ITJr I Quang Hue-Vu GOasSub-Proiect C--.rHtA Da Ba Oject Dau TienQ Sub-Project ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ,s J Pu N~hSubProec UU ~~~~~ /~* ~ nJ -r1 ; - ([a 8 / 'A d * -NMA 1 N. - I %I:;,Va*3. - _ CT - --* , * ' . s._- {k.*. rlme, 8-H'. ! T.I cH C. , MRA s X af 1 1 A { o,K - s Figure 1: Location of components and Sub-ProjectsZ . , , t So bRPr.e N~~~~~~ 4w 'UiG .'NI9NH;n ^"^ I hre FiJm 2u _ > f s2c*ANG \,8~~~~~~~~~1 FN D~ I,~ boChz. A;$ . t, AETJf 1l .* L t'li~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ co lA figure 1: Location of components and Sub-Projects of VW'RAP. of the Red River Delta, which is a strongly tidal influenced delta environment. The Yen Lap Reservoir is located to the east of the irrigation area in Hoanh Bo District. The Yen Lap Reservoir is sited north and northwest of Uong Bi and National Highway No. 18. The reservoir is constructed in the Dong Trieu mountain range. The Yen Lap reservoir headwork is comprised of an earthen dam, radial gate spillway and intake sluice. The reservoir spillway discharges to the Mit River (Yen Hung District). Two supplementary dams are located at Nghia Lo and Dan Chu communes (Hoanh Bo District). Construction of the Yen Lap Reservoir and associated irrigation scheme commenced in 1978 and was completed in 1982. The system was originally designed to gravity irrigate an area of 10,067 ha and supply water at a rate of 9.5 x 106 m3/year for domestic and industrial purposes in Yen Hung district and Cat Hai Island (Cat Hai district, Hai Phong). The advent of Yen Lap scheme provided significant socioeconomic improvements to what was a seriously water- deficient area of parts of Yen Hung, Uong Bi and Hoang Bo Districts2. Rice production has doubled in comparison to conditions prior to the Irrigation Scheme and local people have been supplied with sufficient water for domestic activities. Nevertheless, insufficient attention to O&M over the years has meant that the original design and system objectives have yet to be achieved. Recent assessments of the Yen Hung Irrigation Scheme indicate that the water supply system services only 4,000 ha, which translates into a rate of ISE of only 40%. Bulk water supply for industrial and domestic use is only at a rate of 2.1 million m3Jyr and the provision of bulk water supply to Cat Hai Island has not yet been achieved. The poor delivery of irrigation water onto farms has been attributed in large part to the general state of disrepair of the canal system and on-canal regulating structures. Furthermore the dilapidated condition and antiquated operation of the head works exacerbates the problem of low irrigation system effectiveness. In addition, there has been some structural deterioration of the dam and the dam no longer meets new design flood safety standards. 1.3 Legal. Policy, and Regulatory Context for Yen Lap Sub-Proiect EIA The Yen Lap Sub-Project EIA has been prepared according to Viet Nam's legal, policy, and regulatory framework for environmental impact assessment . The key legal instruments defining this national framework are: o National Law on Environmental Protection (29UCTN, 1994); * Decree 175/CP/1994 on Implementation of the NLEP; and * Circular 490/1 9981TT-BKHCNMT on Setting Up and Appraising Environmental Impact Assessment Reports This EIA has also been prepared according to the following World Bank directives and guidelines for environmental impact assessment and natural resource management: GOperational Policy 4.01 (and accompanying annexes) - Environmental Assessment; * Operational Policy 4.04 - Natural Habitats; Operational Policy 4.36 - Forestry; o Operational Policy 11.03 - Cultural Property; * Operational Policy 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement; e Operational Policy 4.20 - Indigenous Peoples; . Operational Policy 4.37 - Safety of Dams; . Operational Policy 4.03 - Pesticide Management; o Operational Policy 7.60 - Projects in Disputed Areas; o Operational Policy 7.50 - International Waterways; . Bank Policy 17.50 - Public Disclosure; . General Policy 14.70: Involving Nongovernmental Organizations in Bank-Supported Activities; . where required, the Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook; and o The Environmental Assessment Sourcebook4. 2 Prior to the Yen Lap Irrigation Scheme, freshwater was supplied to support the local people through tanks and barges. 3 Annex 3 contains a detailed description of the legal, policy, and regulatory framework within which this EiA has been prepared. 4 World Bank Technical Paper No. 140 L , I0 4 . ' 4% ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ / Legen - 80 cm to facilitate local control (smaller sluices will be manually operated); and o As with the road along the main canal, rehabilitating the roadway along the entire length of the main canals. 2.2.8 Chanh River Siphon In order to overcome interruptions of more than 15 days, a new siphon will be constructed separate from the existing siphon. This will include two steel pipelines of 1,200 mm diameter with length = 520 m. 2.2.9 Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and On-Farm Irrigation System As with the main canals (see above), the engineering works for the upgrading the primary, secondary, tertiary, and on-farm irrigation system will consist of the following (quantities of material required for upgrading the primary canals and the canal system in the two pilot areas are presented in Table 10 and Table 11, respectively): * Lining canals where poor geological conditions exist; * Dredging sediment from silted sections and backfilling at eroded areas; * Overhauling existing civil works structures and associated equipment that can be reused and replace those structures and equipment that can not be reused, as well as completing the construction and Table 10: Quantities of material required for upgrading canal system of Yen Lap irrigation scheme,1.2 Lined__ EarthFIl Concrete, Canal System Total Length (m) Lined (in) Excavation (m3) Earth(Fill, Masonry Canal System ~~~Current With Project _________ ______ (i) Headworks Canal 4,616 0 4,616 0 0 0 Ha Bac Main Canal 9,834 300 9,834 60,420 55,090 14,200 Primary Canals 37,663 30,000 37,663 146,000a 105,825' 189,160a Direct Canals 0 0 0 96,620a 40,500a 36,790a Ha Nam Main Canal 12,673 10,000 12,000 1,960 22,800 1,600 Pnmary Canals 39,523 31,600 39,523 0 0 0 Direct Canals 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total [ 104,309 71,900 103,636 1,960 22,800 1,600 a includes all primary, secondary, and tertiary canals Table 11: Quantities of engineering required for upgrading canal system in Yen Lap irrigation scheme pilot areas"3. Pilot Total Ca al Length (m) Line (m Excavation (IM3) Concrete, Masonry (m3) Area Current With Project Current With Project Song Khoa-Hiep Hoa 51,932 63,822 7,822 63,822 48,426 19,448 Lien Hoa-Lien Vi 89,924 59,319 7,029 59,319 47,018 11,992 Total 141,856 123,141 14,851 123,141 95,444 31,440 installation of water control structures. This will include: - Overhauling and replacing seriously damaged gates - Overhauling and replacing other seriously damaged equipment; and - Installing electrification systems for hoisting of sluices with B 2 80 cm to facilitate local control (smaller sluices will be manually operated). 2.2.10 Summary of Surface Transportation System Upgrading Table 12 contains a summary of the planned upgrading of the surface transportation system within the Yen Lap Sub-Project. 2.2.11 Modernization of Irrigation Management Svstem The Sub-Project activities for modernization of the irrigation management system will consist of: o Electrification of the operation of water control structures down and including the structures controlling water into the secondary canals; o Upgrading the technical capacity of irrigation management personnel; o Upgrading the equipment and management facilities of the Yen Lap IMC offices including the IMC Management Stations; and o Improvement of the water user fee policies and the application and implementation of those policies. 2.2.12 Drainage System No upgrading of the drainage system is provided for in the Yen Lap Sub-Project. " Does not include on-farm canal system. 12 Figures taken from Draft design-report for Yenlap Irrigation Scheme Modemization Quang Ninh Province Novenber-2002. F3 Data from Draft design report for Yen Lap Pilot Area Irrigation Scheme Modernization, Quang Ninh Province. Table 12: Description of planned upgrades to surface transportation in Yen Lap Sub-Project Type When th CWnrn th Excavation Other Fill (m3) Current Sub-Project Wurnt Sbrjth Management Road 0.65 0.65 4 4 2,327 1,092 for Headworksl Management Road along Main and 26 26 4-6 11.5 Quantities are included in quantities for Primary Canalsa main antitiesareyincl n cnani (Talesf mi a Management Road I along Secondary 77.2 77.2 0.5-1.5 0.5-1.5 Canalsb Roads/Paths along Lower Level e no estimates provided in engineering design documents Canals aestimate only, set to total length of ruain canal bestimate only, set to total length of rmain canal cestimate only, set to total length of pnrnmary canal 2.2.13 Requirements for Resettlement and Compensation for Land Acquisition As currently configured, the Yen Lap Sub-Project will require the resettlement of 10 households for the purposes of constructing the emergency spillway (Table 13). There are also some very modest requirements for compensation as a result of land acquisition. It must be recognized, also, that the resettlement and compensation estimates contained in Table 13 do not include requirements that might occur when implementing the completion of the canal system at lower (tertiary and on-farm) levels. Quang Ninh PPC has decided that households requiring resettlement will be resettled in Dai Yen Commune in Hoanh Bo District, some five km to the east of the location of the proposed spillway. 2.3 Expected Changes in A2ricultural Land Use Table 14 provides the expected changes in agricultural land use within the command area as a result of Sub- Project Implementation. The Sub-Project is expected to provide an additional 3,650 ha of cultivated agriculture per year. 2.3.1 Expected Changes in Agricultural Land Use in Pilot Areas The current situation with respect to agricultural land use in the two pilot areas is as follows: Song Khoai - Hiep Hoa Pilot Area Irrigated land in Song Khoai and Hiep Hoa Communes is 648 and 347 ha, respectively, in which 175 ha in Song Khoai and 194 ha in Hiep Hoa have sufficient irrigation. Lien Hoa - Lien Vi Pilot Area Irrigated land in Lien Hoa and Lien Vi is 323 and 425 ha, respectively, in which only 58 ha in Lien Hoa have sufficient irrigation The situation with the Sub-Project will be that the Song Khoai - Hiep Hoa Pilot Area will have 1,305 ha with sufficient irrigation and the Lien Hoa - Lien Vi Pilot Area will have 789 ha with sufficient irrigation. Table 13: Resettlement and compensation requirements for Yen Lap Sub-Project. Sub-Project Component No. Households to be Land Acquisiti n (ha) Sub.Project Component Resettled Permanent Temporary Headworks: Emergengy Spillway 10 7.8 5.6 Headworks: Main Dam 0 0.12 0 Canas 0 0 11.2 Chanh River Siphon 0 2.0 0 Total 10 9.92 16.8 Taken from final VRWAP PFS, submitted to MARD in March 2003. Table 14: Expected changes in agricultural land use within the command area with Sub-Project implementation16. Land Use Type Current With Increment JProect Summer Rice 5,550 7,072 1,522 Winter Rice 4,662 6,906 2,244 Maize 0 1,248 1,248 Sweet Potato 1,540 1,248 -292 Vegetable 2,319 1,248 -1,071 Total 14,071 17,722 3,651 16 Derived from information provided in the financialleconomic analysis section of the Yen Lap Sub-Project PFS in the final ,or, A,A r, nrc' - _:......._:a..4 ._ IA * .-L - I 3: DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT 3.1 Location of Sub-Project The location of the Yen Lap Irrigation Scheme is as follows: * the catchment area is in the Mit River and Van Nho River Basins of Quang Ninh Province; * the Reservoir and headworks are located in Yen Hung and Hoanh Bo Districts of Quang Ninh Province, about 170 km north-east of Ha Noi; * the irrigation system covers an area of 8,320 ha which includes: three districts of Quang Ninh Province - Yen Hung, Hoanh Bo, Uong Bi; * Additional beneficiaries include: - Water supply for 300,000 rural people, water supply for domestic and industrial purposes of Yen Hung, Hoanh Bo districts, Uong Bi town, Ha Long city, Quang Ninh Province, and Cat Hai island, Hai Phong Province; and - Water supply for aquaculture development About 200,000 persons reside in the districts that form the Sub-Project. Sub-Project residents of the districts that form the command area (including the pilot areas) are 100% Kinh, while 14% of the residents of the communes that make up the catchment area above the Yen Lap Dam are members of a recognized ethnic minority group. Most of the land in the Sub-Project is used for agriculture, and there remains only small amount of unused land. Synoptic information for the Sub-Project area is presented in Table 15 and Table 16. 3.2 Physical Resources 3.2.1 Climate The Yen Lap catchment area and its irrigation scheme lie in the tropical monsoonal climatic region. Being located in northeast Viet Nam, the Yen Lap Sub-Project Area has a coastal climate and experiences two distinct seasons; the rainy season (May to September with experiencing high rainfall and hot) and the dry season (November to March with little rain and cold); April and October are transitional months with respect to climate. Temperature The yearly recorded data indicates that the mean monthly temperature is around 230C, with modest variation throughout the year (Figure 3); the maximum temperature is 290C and minimum temperature is about 170C. The highest temperature occurs in May, June and July, while lowest temperatures are in January and February. Rainfall The study area has a tropical monsoon climate, with a pronounced rainy season from May to September, and dry season from November to March when potential evapotranspiration exceeds rainfall. Mean rainfall in Quang Ninh Province averages about 1,630 mm, with almost 90% occurring in the rainy season (Figure 3). Rainfall peaks in Quang Ninh in August (> 300 mm) and the lowest rainfall is from November to February. Relative Humidity The mean relative humidity in Sub-Project area is high, the annual mean relative humidity around 81%, with highest humidity (86%) in the rainy season and lowest humidity (75%) in the dry season (Table 17). Sunshine Hours There are an average of about 1,600 sunshine hours, equivalent to about 4 hours a day (Table 17). Evaporation Average annual evaporation is about 1,400 mm. The highest monthly evaporation is 135 mm in December; evaporation increases in the dry season and decreases in the rainy season (Table 17). 3.2.2 Landforms and Topography The topography in Quang Ninh Province is complex and varied. About 79% of total area is mountainous with elevation ranging from 500 m to 1,000 m. Mountains and hills stretch to the coast and -the nearshore coastal areas that contain numerous islands and archipelagos. All rivers and streams are consequently short in length Table 15: Synoptic land use information for Yen Lap Sub-Project Area". Basic Information Agricultural Land Use Forest Area Nature _.______ _______ __.____ ________ __,____ __ ___,__ _ ____Reserves a)hoaiCommune 1 8 1 4) _ 0 0 _ __-_- L Ho - L i _ _ __ _ _ _( _ _ _) _U 1,31. I) l U - I -5 u u 1U) C E -u . ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~~~~ _~ __ E _ _ _2 > - 0 0 CD siPltra0 C 2960 C)a. 2 i9 31 c 0L I I-(0 ( -U .....U co 0'(. co a z aM. z co Song Khoai-Hiep HoaPilot Area '---------- --'-- ------------- --'--------------- - ---------f------ ------- - - ----- T --1-------.!-1--- 73 --T------- I-------------------1------Z-----r----T- I4 C1 Cmue3,036 8,700 287 1,817 444 444 j 7 444 26 j 166 riary, Communes in Pilot Areas 8,960 34,293 383 4,232 1,961 1,961 2,020 104 46 1,961 313 | 446 | Cu P ompl Aea ptrea Command Area ung District (remaining) 22,026 95,068 432 10,757 3,289 3,289 5,992.7 388 729 5,522 : 2,813 _027 3'he Commune(Uong Bi) 727.8 5,310 730 13.38 34 98.34 - 98.3 355.4 lig Dong Commune(Uong Bi) 2,43.5 13,998 575 762.11 327.28 327.28 218 327.28 1,021.6 86 ---------_____-______-_---_____----4--------F------+---~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~{ r Trung Precinct (Uong Bi) 1,334.4 16 158 1 211 224.21 76.76 76.76 140.25 76.76 447.4 14 uongPrecinct (UongBi) 340.5 6,500 651 3341,909 54.22 31.65 31.65 22 42 31.65 106.4 r1ary, Complete Command Area 26,865 137,034 510 11,912 3,823 3,823 6,37 388 729 6,056 F_4,744 ___ 3,127___ ___ Sub-Project Area Upstream of Command Area arhanh Commune (Yen Hung) 2,225 1,257 25 432 432 hu Commune (Hoanh 80) ~~~~2,500 888 36 84 46 26 502 1,3081,0 ~ La Commune (Hoanh Do) 3,0_1 0---- 2,169 72- 259 - -- -- --106 109 552 1,546 1,546 Ca Commune_(HJoanh Bo) ......3000 1,509 _.50 15-16 7798 1,692 1,692 -an Commune (Hoanh Bo) -,520 1,841 24 - 122-70 40 600 -- - 4,781 4,781 _!u-n-g-----a-Long-------------------------------------------------------1------------340- ---- --~------28 5 --- 34----------____143 -- -------14-- -----t--- 8-1------------t143-- _---t-----1------15--+----- n (Ha Long) - 4,469 - 6,412 143 895 - 147 1 147 748 1147 1 225 766 766 liary, Upstream of Command Area 26,214 115,097 46 1,851 290 290 - 937 1328 204 290 2,820 25 11,198 11,198 -- - )Iiformation is provided only for administrative units that are within particular parts of the Sub-Project; the boundaries of these administrative units do not necessarily correspond to the ioundaries of the pilot areas, command areas, or areas of influence of the major headworks. The data give a qualitative understanding of the socioeconomic status of the Sub-Project crea. 19 Table 16: Synoptic socioeconomic information for Yen Lap Sub-Project"8. Cultural, Basic Information Household Size Poverty Ethnic Minorities Historic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _SS it e ~1 1 1~E 0 4) U)~c 4. CD u _ 0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .2 .2 ~~~~~~~2 , .~ co - U 19S EOC.0 a u.; , .~~~~~~~~~~ 6 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 o U E a CD a,. S a.( - Khoai Commune 2,700- 6,850 248 1,895 4.7 1,876 I0.57 4.2 0 100 0 - Hoa Commune 1,138 3,632 319 2,015 4.4 1,894 0.31 2.1 0 100 0- -aCommune 2,824 9,012 319 1,736 4.6 1,3 .2 3.5 0 100 0 __ - - Il Commune 868 5,522 636 1,708 5.1] 1,708 J1.06 2.8 0 100 0 _ _____ ,nary, Communes in Pilot Areas 8,960 34,293 383 7_ 54593__-__10 lung District .......22,026 95,068 ----432 22,292 4.26 120,509 0.52 3.20 0 100 Khe Commune(Uong Bi 727.8 5,310 730 1,308 40 67 0. 14 0 10 1 1 hoa 1 ------- ----- -1 -1--_ g Trung Precinct (Uong Bi) 1,334.4 16,158 1,211 4,027 4.01 1,651 0.26 1 2 0 99 1.5 1 hoa 1.5 Vuong Precinct (Uong Bi) 340.5 6,500 11,909 11,574 4.13 1 598 0.14 11 0 98.5 1.3 1 hoa 1.3 ______ rnary, Complete Command Area 26,865 T137,034 510 32,904 4.05 26,350_ 10452 11 98.7 12 lhoa 1.2 ___ Thanh Commune (Yen Hung)_ 2,225------- ---------I 2,500 888 6 191 4.65 191 0.44 651 0 7. 21 6 Tay 10.5 Dao 7.5 Nung 0.5 -- ----------... ____ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-------i~~~~~~~~~~~~+9j.___ -. __ ______ __- ---- ---- - --------- ig La Commune (Hoanh 8o) 3,-010 I 2,1 69 -----72 54 4.30 504 0.51 55 1 95 5 5 Dao 2.5 Tay 2 un . Ca Commune (Hoanh Bo) 3,000 1,509 50 267 5.65 ----2-67 0__._5,9_ __45 - -----1 - ---8_4_ -1-6 7 -T-ay- 7. 5 -D-ao . ug 25- -o-_ )an Commune (Hoanh Bo) 7,520 1,841-24-365-5.0 365 ....0.33 -----65 ----- 1 82 18 .-8 Tay - 9.5 Dao 5.5 Nn 2. _ lung(Ha Long) 3,490 2,7 5 51 4.37 479 0.69 45 0 92 8 6 -Tay 4.2 Dao 1.2 Nn 0. Fen (Ha Long) - 4,469 642 143 1,423 4.5 1,309 0.68 36 98 1 1 6 Ty 5.2 Dao ! ug2. mary, Upstream ofCm ad 26,214 j1,9 8 321 4 315 05 6 1 Information is provided only for administrative units that are within particular parts of the Sub-Project; the boundaries of these administrative units do not necessarily correspond to the boundaries of the pilot areas, command areas, or areas of influence of the major headworks. The data give a qualitative understanding of the socioeconomic status of the Sub-Project area. 20 3C ...1 1 F '111 -- 700C 1 II I I 600 - w 500 400 - w I I w 20 -~n ~0 I ~~~~~~~~~200- 15~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 MONTH MONTH Figure 3: Historical monthly temperature (°C) and precipitation (mm) in Yen Lap Sub-Project. Source: Uong Bi Hydrometeorological Station. Data are from 1991 to 2001. Table 17: Basic climate information for Cam Son-Cau Son Sub-Project. Factor Jan Feb Mar Apr may June Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Sunshine Hours 78 48 44 83 166 165 185 175 185 180 155 143 Mean Monthly 78 80 85 85 82 82 83 85 84 77 75 76 Relative Humidity % I______ Evapotranspiration 68 55 53 56 81 83 82 62 71 99 98 87 ../ Source: Environmental impact assessment for Uong Bi Power Plant, July 2001; and HHCCC Dam Safety Design Report, September 2002 and with steep slope. The Sub-Project Area is characterized by undulating topography. The field elevation ranges from +0.50 to - 1.50 m in the main command area (Ha Bac and Ha Nam regions), below the sea level from 1.0 to 2.0 m. The belt of land in Cat Hai Island ranges between +2.0 to +2.5m, in elevation. Yen Hung District has a diversified and complicated topography, divided into small islands by river network. The Chanh River is a large branch of the Bach Dang River, dividing Yen Hung District into two sub-areas: Ha Bac - located on the right side of the Chanh River, the low mountains and hills. The landforms are mainly hilly terrain, terraced plain, interspersed with some narrow belts of flat land. This topography is formed by weathered processes of rock and deposition. Some communes in this sub-area are located in new expanding area formed by silt deposition that is being used to create new areas of economic activity. The Ha Bac Sub- area has two island communes: Dien Cong and Hoang Tan. Dien Cong Island is flat, built up by the Uong and Bach Dang Rivers. The island is ringed by a 6 km sea dike so the soils of this island are not saline and reclamation is easy. Hoang Tan Island contains mostly mountain or hilly terrain. Some parts are sandbanks which are directly affected by sea and estuaries of the Hot, Binh Huong and Ben Giang Rivers Ha Nam - located on the left side of the Chanh River, this area is largely alluvial and has been exploited since the 51h century. The area has gradually increased over time and been extended to the sea through the construction of dike systems. Ha Nam Island is bordered by a dike system of 33.6 km at elevation of +5.5 m asl. This is low-lying area is under direct influence, of the ocean, especially the effect of salinity during typhoon storm surges. There are large inter-tidal areas outside dike comprised of sandbank and mangrove forest. 3.2.3 Soils Almost all soils in the Sub-Proiect Area are comprised of river and sea alluvial trlpnrit with miy of marine sediments. A part of the Northem area of the Sub-Project is located in the transition to the mountainous parts of Quang Ninh Province and contain hilly, mountainous and feralitic soils. The main characteristics of Sub-Project Area soils are as follows: Mountain and tilly Soils These are weathered soils. The characteristics of these soils range from soft to heavy and are often mixed with parent stone and small gravel. These soils are suitable for forests and fruit trees. Forests are found in areas where this soil layer is thick, while areas where this soil is thin tend to be not treed. Feralitic Soils These soils are found on the terraced plain for rice cultivation along HI ighway No.10 Highway from Pha Rung to Bieu Nghi and No. 18 from Dong Mai to Minh Thanh. These soils originate from hills with gentle slope and exploited by using to terraced fields where the thickness of cultivated soil layer is 10 - 12 cm. Agricultural production on these soils is mainly rainfed in nature and so only one rice crop is cultivated per year. Yield on these soils are generally and unstable. Infertile Soils These soils are from 10 -12 cm in depth, largely comprised of is sandy clays. Crop yields are poor. Sandy Soils These soils are located in Tien An, Tan An, Hoang Tan and Minh Thanh Commune, estuary areas and outside dike system areas. These soils are used for cultivating upland crops (i.e.-, not rice). Saline Soils These soils are found in lagoon areas such as Nha Mac, Cai Trap, Ha An, Hoang Tan, Dien Cong Lagoons. This land is suitable for aquatic production. 3.2.4 Surface Water Hydrolo v Basic hydrological information is not gathered for the Sub-Project Area. There are no measurements of actual flow of reservoir and hydrological data downstream of the Dam is not collected. The average annual flow of the Mit River is 4.37 m3/sec. Reservoir levels (Figure 4) reflect the drawdown of water during the dry season for dry season irrigation needs and increasing water storage during the rainy season. Flooding is rare for Quang Ninh's rivers, occurring only for short time in the early part of the rainy season. Also, the tidal influence on these rivers is limited to less than 10 km from the coast. Salinity intrusion to the coastal areas is a major influence on the hydrology of the bottom areas of the command areas. 3.2.5 Surface Water Qualitv There is no regular surface water quality monitoring of any kind within the Sub-Project Area and it is therefore not possible to make any comprehensive quantitative assessment of current water quality conditions within the Sub- Project Area. There have been a number of water quality surveys conducted, including a survey conducted as part of the preparation of this EIA; the main results of these surveys are found in Annex 5 (national water quality standards are provided in Annex 6). The main features of surface water quality in the Sub-Project Area are as follows. Yen Lap Reservoir The reservoir generally has good quality water with most water quality parameters within national surface water quality standards. The Reservoir has a tendency towards eutrophication, as evidenced by the high phosphate levels'9. In addition, parameters such as COD and dissolved oxygen in recent years have become above national surface water quality standards. Heavy metals have not been found yet in the- reservoir. Command Area The limited water quality surveys that have been conducted in the command area to date indicate that surface water quaiity is generally acceptable (Annex 5). Pesticide levels in surface waters of the command area are unknown. The wastewater that is generated in the Sub-Project Area comes from a number of sources, including industrial zones and enterprises and residential areas: Water samples in Uong Bi Town indicate that surface water is very contaminated and can only be acceptably discharged to areas do not surface waters as a source of domestic water. 19 Value of P04-P < .D1 mgI), Low eutrophication risk; .01 to .04 mg/I, Medium risk; > .04 mq/l, Hiqh risk. Source: 3 0 I ' I I I I I I I I I I Figure 4: Minimum monthly Yen Lap Reservoir level. Data are from 1993 to 2002. Data from Quang Ninh IMC. Z 25 1A tV4 0 w 20 15 I I I I I I I I I I MONTH e Water in the N2 Canal running along National Highway No. 10 is highly polluted from the residential areas of Hoanh Bo District along the highway. This is exacerbated by pollution from the Hoanh Bo Afforestation Yards Paper Factory. Water quality parameters such as COD far exceed allowable national standards (TCVN 5945 -1995); and . Domestic waste water in Ha Nam Island has very high concentrations of faecal coliform. Ammonia content is also high. This wastewater discharges to ponds, lakes, rivers and springs in local areas, into water sources that are used as a source of domestic water. 3.2.6 Groundwater Resources In general, groundwater resources in Quanh Ninh Province are very limited and this is the case with the Sub- Project Area. Groundwater resources in Yen Hung District are poor. Groundwater in coastal areas in areas east of Highway No.10 Highway are saline, while groundwater resources west of Highway No.10 are very deep and so are not used very much. Groundwater resources of Ha Nam Island district are very poor. Almost all dug wells suffer from salinity intrusion with salinity content double the domestic water quality standard for rural areas. In addition, groundwater is also polluted by ammonia, manganese and iron. Of particular concern is the prevalence of high mercury levels in the groundwater of Ha Nam Island that are well above national standards. By contrast, shallow groundwater resources in Hoanh Bo District are abundant and can provide for domestic requirements year-round. However, groundwater levels in the dry season arelower than that in the rainy season. Most of the shallow groundwater resources of the Sub-Project Area have coliform levels that exceed domestic water quality standards. 3.2.7 Air Ouality As is the case with surface water quality, none of the air quality monitoring stations in the national Environmental Monitoring system maintained by the National Environment Agency of Viet Nam are located in or near the Sub- Project area, and there are therefore no long term records of air quality from the study area. Notwithstanding this lack of information, air quality is generally very good in the Sub-Project Area, particularly in the command area. There are few small and medium industrial plants producing air pollution in the Sub-Project Area. In general, air quality samples collected inside the command area as oart of nrovinci:l IStqtp nf thp Environment Reports are within the national air quality standards. There are some point sources of pollution in the vicinity of the Sub-Project Area that cause air pollution. These include the Uong Bi coal-fired thermal generating station, the paper factory described above, and numerous brick and tile factories. Data from air quality surveys conducted in 2001 to support provincial State of the Environment Reporting, indicate degraded air quality in the vicinity of these industrial enterprises. 3.2.8 Mineral Resources There are a number of mineral resources in the Sub-Project Area. Coal is the most important of these. Coal mining is one of the most important economic sectors of Quang Ninh Province. The coal of Quang Ninh Province is very high quality anthracite and it is mined in a series of open pit and shaft mines. Some of these mines are more than 100 years old and to date, about 200 million tons of coal have been removed from the province. At a ratio of about 8:1 of overburden to coal, this means that about 1.6 billions tons of spoil have been produced by the mines over their operation life. In addition, washing of about 30% of the mined coal produces about 3 million t of sludge every year. Coal resources in the Sub-Project Area are located in: • The Da Chong area of North Yen Hung district, which contains some coal seams containing several thousand tonnes each. These coal seams have been exploited since French Colonial times and are still being exploited; and • There is extensive small-scale mining in the watershed of the Yen Lap Reservoir. Access to these areas is by boat running from the Dam. There are reports that these activities are causing environmental degradation of the watershed through deforestation and lack or proper treatment of spoil areas, and increasing the sediment loading into the Reservoir. There is no quantitative information on the amount of coal being mined from the Reservoir watershed, the extent of environmental damage being caused by these activities, or the effect on the Yen Lap Reservoir. There are a number of other mineral resources in or near the Sub-Project Area: Limestone is found mainly on Hoang Tan Island, east-southeast of the command area, with total reserves estimated at more than 1 million m3. This limestone is being exploited for use as a construction materials; Clay is a main mineral resource of Yen Hung District. Clay is exploited to produce construction materials such as brick and tile. Low quality clay is distributed in Minh Thanh and Dong Mai Communes in the Reservoir catchment area and in Tien An and Cong Hoa Communes found within the command area. Total reserves are estimated at more than 1 million m3. Sand resources of very high quality are located in Minh Thanh Commune, upstream of the command area and in the Yen Lap Reservoir catchment area. Reserves are very large and remained largely unexploited. 3.3 Biological Resources 3.3.1 Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversity The Yen Lap Sub-Project Area includes four main ecological regions: Mountainous Terrestrial Ecosystems - In the high mountains of the upper catchment, terrestrial ecosystems comprising both natural forest and artificial forest are found. There are a number of rare and endangered floral and faunal species found in the remaining natural forests of the upper watershed of the Sub-Project. Artificial forests in the upper watersheds are more simplified ecosystems and were established as part of various national forest development program, including Project 327, Project PAM 4303, Project 661, as well as through annual provincial forest development programs. Hill Area Terrestrial Ecosystems - In the hill area of the Sub-Project, vegetation cover is poor and soils are strongly affected by erosion. Terrestrial ecosystems in this area are largely simplified agricultural systems, consisting of gardens with a mix trees planted for agricultural production. Irrigated Ecosystems - This area contains high simplified agricultural ecosystems that produce annual crops such as rice, vegetables, tobacco, groundnut, beans, and maize. These annual crop areas are interspersed with fruit trees and trees planted for shelter and fuelwood purposes. The command area consists almost entirely of this type of terrestrial ecosystem. Coastal Wetlands' Coastal wetlands in Quang Ninh Province have decreased in area (the province as a whole historically had more than 35,000 ha of mangrove). At present, there are about 10,000 ha of wetland in the province, concentrated in Yen Hung District. The historical loss of coastal wetlands in Yen Hung District is due to a number of factors: - conversion to coastal aquaculture; - fuelwood exploitation; - land conversion to freshwater agriculture; and - alteration of tidal and salinity regimes caused by dike construction. Despite the loss of coastal wetlands in Yen Hung District, the District's tidal marshes contain the highest number of aquatic species of any tidal marsh in northern Viet Nam. Forest coverage has decreased steadily in the Sub-Project Area and is very limited in the command area. Forest area land use occupies a half of total natural land in the Sub-Project Area as defined in the Vietnamese system of land designation21, in which 90% are designated as natural forest and the remaining 10% as artificial forest. Almost all of this lies in the Yen Lap Reservoir catchment. These artificial forests consist mainly of pine and eucalyptus plantations. It is generally accepted that terrestrial biodiversity throughout Quang Ninh Province has been severely affected by the loss of habitat and exploitation. The biodiversity surveys that have been conducted in the province have tabulated 37 mammal species, 186 bird species, 25 reptile species, and 15 amphibian species and 388 insect species including a number of rare and endangered species (Annex 7), some of which have been documented as being found within the Sub-Project Area (Table 18). It is likely that most of these terrestrial species, if they are to be found within the Sub-Project Area at all, would be found in the forested areas of the mountainous ecosystems described above, in the catchment area of the Yen Lap Reservoir and not in the command area itself. A major threat to biodiversity in the Yen Lap Reservoir catchment is timber extraction which is causing a steady decline in forest quality and extent in the area. Currently, the activities of Hoanh Bo Forest Enterprise are contributing greatly to this decline, both directly, by extracting forest products, and indirectly, by constructing logging roads, which facilitate ilfegal logging. Much of the Yen Lap Reservoir catchment is the focus of commercial forestry activities. At present, 16,827 ha of forest land in Hoanh Bo district are under the management of Hoanh Bo Forest Enterprise, including 4,516 ha of production forest. The main duty of Hoanh Bo Forest Enterprise is to supply wood to coal mining companies in Quang Ninh province. 3.3.2 Aquatic Ecosystems and Biodiversity There are essentially three types of aquatic ecosystems in the Sub-Project Area: * The highly simplified and modified aquatic ecosystems of the aquaculture farming areas in the brackish water along coastal benches. Aquaculture has developed quickly in recent years; * The aquatic ecosystems of the major rivers running through the Sub-Project Area; and o The Yen Lap Reservoir. No fish species in Quang Ninh Province are on either the Viet Nam Red List of Rare and Endangered Species or the 2002 IUCN Red List of Rare and Endangered Species. As the other Reservoirs in the country, in the initial years of Yen Lap Reservoir operation, fishery resources increased dramatically with the flush of nutrients into the ecosystem. Now, many years after this nutrient flush, increased sedimentation of the reservoir reducing aquatic habitat, and overfishing, aquatic biodiversity in the reservoir is rather poor. There are no fisheries monitoring-data for the Yen Lap Reservoir, but IMC staff have estimated total annual catch from the reservoir at about 25 t. 3.3.3 Nature Reserves and Protected Areas There are no nature reserves or protected areas within the command area, one nature reserve with some of its land within the Yen Lap Reservoir catchment area, and a few nature reserves and protected areas in the vicinity of the Sub-Project Area that need to be assessed for possible downstream impacts of the Yen Lap Sub-Project (Annex 8, Annex 9). 20 taken from GEC Ltd. 1996. ADB 5552-REG: Coastal and Marine Environmental Management in the South China Sea: Final Report for Quang Ninh Province, submitted to Ministry of Science, Technology, and Environment and the ADB. 21. .. Table 18: Summary of rare and endangered species found in Quanh Ninh Province. Class ofSpeciesNo. Species on No. Species in C Glass of Species IUCN 2002 Red List I-Vet Nam Red Book Plants 5 5 Mammals 2 2 Reptles 0 0 Fish 0 0 | Birds 2 2 BAI CHAY CULTURAL AND HISTORIC SITE22 Bai Chay was included on Decision No. 194/CT of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers, dated 9 August 1986, which decreed the establishment of a 562 ha cultural and historical site (MARD 1997). Tddate, an investment plan has not been prepared for the site and a management board has not been established (FPD 1998). Bai Chay is not included on the 2010 list of national protected areas (FPD 1998), and can be considered to have been recommended for removal from the national system of Special-use Forests. Bai Chay Cultural and Historical Site is located in Ha Long City, about 50 km due east of Sub-Project Area. The site is hydrologically disconnected from the Sub-Project Area, save for the municipal and industrial water supply that is to be provided to Ha Long City with the Sub-Project. The site lies on the western side of the Cua Loc channel, which divides Bai Chay and Hong Gai towns. The site covers a peninsula, which is bordered to the north by a lagoon, and to the south by the waters of Ha Long bay. The site ranges in elevation from sea level to 185 m. The vegetation within the reserve has little or no biodiversity value. Urban expansion of Bai Chay Town, particularly that related to tourism development, can be expected to have negative impacts on the landscape of the cultural and historical site. KY THUONC NATURE RESERVE Ky Thuong proposed nature reserve is located in Dong Son, Dong Lam and Ky Thuong Communes of Hoanh Bo District. Part of the reserve is contained within far upper reaches of the Yen Lap Reservoir catchment area. The FPD 2010 list includes a proposal to establish a 17,640 ha nature reserve at Ky Thuong. An investment plan for Ky Thuong proposed nature reserve was prepared by North-eastem Sub-FIPI in 1993 (Anon. 1993). The head of the forest protection section of Quang Ninh Provincial FPD reported that the investment plan had been approved by MARD but a management board had not yet been established. Currently, the site is managed by Hoanh Bo District FPD. Ky Thuong proposed nature reserve is situated on a mountain ridge, which runs from west to east. Streams in the north of the proposed nature reserve flow north into the Ba Che river, while streams in the south of the nature reserve flow south, eventually draining into the Gulf of Tonkin. Although Ky Thuong proposed nature reserve supports viable populations of few mammal and bird species of conservation importance and although in places, the forest has been cleared or degraded, Ky Thuong supports one of the largest remaining areas of evergreen forest in north-eastem Viet Nam. CAT BA NATIONAL PARK The Cat Ba Islands lie to the northeast of Hai Phong City, in the northern part of Viet Nam, about 60 km south of the command area and is in fact in the southern part of Cat Hai District. The Cat Ba region is composed of one large island called Cat Ba and 366 smaller islands. It has a total area of 15,200 ha, of which 9,800 ha are island forest and presently 5,400 ha are marine. The site falls within the management authority of Cat Hai District, Hai Phong City. The Cat Ba Protected Area was established in 1983 by the Ministry of Forestry (now a part of MARD). In 1986, MARD proposed that the Cat Ba Protected Area become a national park in status and this was subsequently approved by the President of the Minister's Council of Viet Nam in Decree 79/CT (31 March, 1986). According to the decree, the Cat Ba National Park encompassed 9,800 ha of island forest and 5,400 ha of sea. In 1991, the economic and technical proposal of the Cat Ba National Park proposed by MARD was approved by the President of the Minister's Council of Viet Nam in Decree 2371CT (1 August 1991). While 9,800 ha of land in the park is currently managed by the National Park Board under the Forestry Department of MARD, the Fisheries Department of Cat Hai District holds the rights on the utilization of the 5,400 ha of marine area inside the park. The relationship between the National Park Board and the local authority is a sensitive one. An expansion of the Cat Ba Marine Protected Area to 10,900 ha is under discussion (of which 5,400 ha is the existing Marine Protected Area and 5,500 ha is being proposed). According to IUCN criteria, the Cat Ba Marine Protected Area falls under Category II - National Park. The present Viet Nam Management Category under which it falls is also that of National Park. The Cat Ba region is an important site for nature conservation. It comprises islands and mountains altemating with sea depressions, expanses of salt flats, mangroves, and abrupt limestone islands of very interesting relief. This area contains a variety of habitats including coral reefs, seagrass beds, mangroves, and island forest. In some sites, coral reefs are still in pristine condition. Several sandy beaches provide a nesting habitat for manne turtles. Findings from recent surveys revealed its high biodiversity value relative to the rest of North Viet Nam. In addition, bordering the Ha Long Bay World Heritage Site, Cat Ba National Park is an attractive site for tourism with growing numbers of visitors each year. Tourism is increasing rapidly and needs careful management attention. The Cat Ba region and its waters provide fishing grounds for local peoples as well as for fishers that come from other maritime provinces. The major problems and threats to Cat Ba National Park can be summarized as follows: - Degradation of coral reefs by dynamite fishing and excavating reefs for collecting other organisms - Illegal fishing methods including the use of poisons and electric shock Over-exploitation of fishery stocks by irrational fishery practices 500 sets of fine square fishing nets which specialize on catching fish fries, juvenile shrimp, and squid, which are common in the region o The lack of a boundary marker system * Awareness of natural resources and environmental protection among local people is low . Pollution by marine traffic Siltation of corals Land derived pollution from ports and other activities in the Hai Phong area HA LONG BAY CULTURAL AND HISTORIC SITE Ha Long Bay Cultural and Historic Site lies to the south and east of Ha Long City, a minimum of about 60 km from the eastern portion of the Yen Lap Sub-Project command area. Some 1,969 islands of Ha Long Bay lie to the east of Quang Ninh Province, some 164 km north-east of Ha No!, and rise to a maximum relief of some 200 m in the Tonkin Gulf. They are under the administration of Ha Long City. As intended by MoCI, the national reserve includes all these islands which fall within the coordinates 106058'-107°22'E and 20045'-20056'N, while the accepted Natural World Heritage Site includes islands falling within some 43,400 ha including islands and the surrounding marine environment. The area is managed by the Quang Ninh Provincial Government through the Ha Long Bay Management Board. On 28 April 1962, the islands of Ha Long Bay were established as a historical and cultural relict and national scenic spot under Decision No. 313NH VP issued by the Minister of Culture and Information. The islands were proposed by the Vietnamese Government in 1993 to the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, and in 1994, some 43,400 ha portion of the national reserve was recognized as a Natural World Heritage Site. Thorough resource assessments of the islands are being proposed to select specific islands and marine sites to be managed for their biodiversity values. These sites are presently unknown. The Vietnamese management category is a Protected Landscape/Seascape, and it is equivalent to an IUCN Category Illi - Natural Monument. The seleci[on of specific island and marine components to be managed as nature reserves will change management objectives of part of the sites, but prescription of further management categories is postponed pending further information. Ha Long is a large bay with a multitude of limestone islets and islands emerging from the Hon Gai sea, and schistic islands from the Cam Pha Sea, and a limited number of lateritic islands. Renown for their beauty and attractive landscaoes. the islands varv in elevation frnm ; fpw mrtprm trn snnmwith nmrt fcqi irinn ir nmne vertical slopes. Numerous caves and grottos occur in the islands with stalactites and stalagmites, but only few of the islands are inhabited, notably Ba Mun and Cat Ba. The flora is diverse with primary tropical forest found mostly on the islands of Ba Mun and Cat Ba. Results from preliminary surveys indicate the presence of about 1,000 fish species. Mammals, reptiles and birds are also found on the islands. Numerous archaeological sites have been found and at Giap Khau (Hon Gai) there is evidence to suggest occupation by the Hoa Binh Culture, some 10,000 years ago. Archaeological sites at Tuan Chau, Ngoc Vung, Cai Dam, Dong Naim, and Cat Ba have revealed so many artifacts that they have been grouped under the term 'Ha Long Culture,' typical of the northeastern coast of Viet Nam in the Neolithic Age. During prehistoric times, Ha Long was a significant port, located on the trade routes between China, Japan, and other countries in South East Asia. The principal conservation values appear to be scenic and include landscape values, geological interest, biological diversity (especially in marine species), and archaeological remains. An unspecified population makes its living in and around Ha Long Bay, which is a major center for fishing, agriculture, and maritime transport. Steps have been taken to open new ports, factories, and housing on the shore in line with a long-term economic development program. Despite development in the region, it appears that Ha Long itself will be protected as a major tourist and cultural center. Ha Long Bay is extremely popular with both Vietnamese and international tourists. The area is a high priority in the National Tourism Master Plan. 3.3.4 Forest Resources PRODUCTION FORESTS There are 3,709 ha of land designated as production forest within the districts and communes that form the Sub- Project Area (Table 15, Page 19). This land is found on the hills that are scattered in the Sub-Project Area (i.e., the orange-brown contoured areas designated in Figure 2, Page 4). Forests on these hills are secondary forests, scrubby, and highly degraded due to long-term exploitation for fuelwood, timber for coal mining, and other purposes. Some of these areas have been artificially regenerated with eucalyptus and other tree species. These hill area production forests lie outside of the actual land that is currently served by the Yen Lap Irrigation Scheme and there is no pumping contemplated in the Yen Lap Sub-Project to deliver irrigation water to even the lower slopes of these hills. WATERSHED PROTECTION FORESTS The Yen Lap Watershed Protection Forest is a major watershed protection forest in the Sub-Project Area. With a total area of 18,502 ha, the Protection Forest is under the management of Hoanh Bo District FPD. The present coverage of the Protection Forest is as follows: • Land classified as forest occupies 16,227 ha (87.7%). Of this: - 10,502 ha is natural forested land (64.7%) - 2,868 ha is artificial forest land (17.7%) - 2,857 ha is bare land and grass field (17.6%); • Other land comprises 2,275 ha (12.3%); Under the Natidnal 327/CT Program from 1991 to 1998, 1,376 ha was planted in the protection forest and from 1999 to 2000, 203 ha of protection forest was planted under Decision No 661/QD-TTg (1998). The coal industry is a threat to the Yen Lap Protection Forest. Various coal mining enterprises belonging to the Dong Bac Coal Factory and the Hoanh Bo Coal Mine Enterprise have been illegally expanding their activities into the protective forests of Yen Lap Reservoir. This includes discharge of sediments and coal mining waste into watercourses that empty into the Yen Lap reservoir. 3.4 Socioeconomic Resources 3.4.1 Population, Demographvy, and Ethnic Composition The Yen Lap Sub-Project Area contains a rather young, almost exclusively rural, human population of about 170,000 persons (Table 16). The average household size is about 4.4. The predominantly rural population is dispersed, but due to the requirements for communication and transportation, the population is unevenly distributed and is concentrated along the banks of canals and rivers, and beside roads. Most farm families live in small village and commune settlements situated at the intersections or along the banks of the canals and rivers. While there specific data on ethnic composition of the two pilot areas could not be obtained, there are almost certainly relatively few ethnic minority households in either the two pilot areas or the command area. The communes with land inside the two pilot areas are 100% of the Kinh ethnic group, as are all communes with land in the command area (Table 16). The situation upstream of the Yen Lap Dam is different; the communes with land in the Sub-Project Area upstream of the command area are comprised of 86% Kinh and 14% ethnic minorities (Table 16). 3.4.2 Land Use While land use information could not be obtained specifically for the command area, land use information for Yen Hung District as a whole (Table 19) reveals a number of trends which consultations with local authorities reveal are qualitatively representative of much of the command area: o Total agricultural land use has been very stable, increasing only 4% between 1995 and 2000); o Most of this increase has been in the cultivation of multi-year crops (150% increase in land use between 1995 and 2000); o Forested land has increased substantially (14% increase between 1995 and 2000. This is due to the mangrove planting in the tidal flats of Yen Hung District; and o Increasing use of available land for various activities (modest decrease in unused land between 1995 and 2000). 3.4.3 Agriculture Production Agriculture is the dominant economic activity of both the command area and the entire Sub-Project Area. More than 80% of the households in the command area are engaged in the agricultural sector as their primary occupation. Each family in the pilot areas cultivates an average of almost 0.6 ha, or about 0.13 ha per capita. The cropping pattern applied by the farmers largely depends on the availability of irrigation water. If sufficient water is available at the proper times of the year, double rice is the common cropping pattern with sustainable production. Rice is the principal crop and other crops (maize, beans, vegetables, etc.) are grown. There is some shifting of agricultural production away from exclusively rice and towards cash crops and market gardens, which have less demand irrigated water. Fruit trees planted in the Sub-Project Area include longan, litchee, custard-apple, and income from agriculture ranges from VND 1 to 3 million per year per household. The low lying areas nearby coastal zone also cultivate shrimp. The average income of aquaculture breeding ranges from VND 7 to 10 million per year per household. As in most of the Red River Delta, triple cropping is common in the Sub-Project Area. The spring rice crop and summer/autumn rice crop are the main crops; the winter crop includes maize, soybean, and vegetables. The cropping intensity is about 230%. The annual average yield of rice in the pilot areas is 3.7 t/ha, of which spring and summer yield is 4.0 tons/ha and 3.5 tons/ha, respectively. The average yield of spring rice is higher than summer rice as the summer rice crop is more at risk to typhoons and flood events. All the communes with land in the Sub-Project Area have received training in IPM methods through the delivery of three or four training courses in each commune. Course delivery was to selected representatives from each village in the communes designated for training; these representatives were required to teach and inform other farmers.in their villages. This means that 100% of the villages in the Sub-Project have farmers who received training in one of these 85 courses and who had the responsibility to teach and inform other village farmers. However, the ability and success of the 'training of trainers" approach is unknown, and the percentage of farming households that have received training in IPM is not known. 3.4.4 Aquaculture Development of brackish water aquaculture is a strong driving force in the coastal areas of Quang Ninh Province, Table 19: Recent changes in land use in Yen Hung District 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Total Area (ha) 31,765 33,222 33,278 33,317 33,192 Aqriculture Land 12,464 12,733 12,646 12,875 13,019 12,982 Annual 5,776 5,995 5,990 5,979 6,055 6,006 -Paddy 5,569 5,751 5,705 5,658 5,736 5,670 -Cereal, annual industial 207 192 232 219 216 229 -Special vegetation land 0 53 53 102 103 107 Multi-Year 491 386 466 638 696 729 -Industrial crop 0 0 0 0 0 0 l -Fruits 454 338 425 577 622 614 -Other 37 48 41 61 74 115 Pasture Land 417 260 260 263 263 Aquaculture 6,197 6,352 6,191 6,258 6,268 6,247 Forest Land 5,360 5,906 6,277 6,434 6,604 6,714 Natural forest 3,246 3,766 4,118 3,741 3,701 3,743 Planted forest 2,114 2,140 2,158 2,694 2,903 2,971 Special Use Land Constructon Land 1,620 1,642 1,766 1,806 1,809 1,826 Transportation land 123 105 107 118 125 125 Irrigation Land 353 352 381 387 388 388 Other 840 911 1,017 1,025 1,026 1,043 Homestead Land 304 274 261 276 270 270 Unused Land 960 1,198 1,105 960 915 959 Flat Land 11,361 11,744 11,480 11,243 11,015 10,711 Mountainous Land 1,764 1,147 981 857 824 839 Water surface Land 353 505 802 635 312 62 Other unused Land 4,511 1,157 562 834 962 1,022 mostly due to the ongoing implementation of the National Aquaculture Development Program (1999-2010). In the year 2000, the total area of aquaculture in Yen Hung District was 6,247 ha, of which 5,810 ha was brackish water aquaculture. In the year 2002, the total aquaculture area in the district was 8,013 ha, of which 7,520 ha was brackish water aquaculture. Currently, most of the brackish water aquaculture is of the extensive variety, requiring relatively low inputs for cultivation. In the district aquaculture plan, the total area of aquaculture will reach 8,500 ha by the year 2010, of which 1,000 ha will be intensive; 2,500 ha will be semi-intensive and the remaining 4,100 ha will be extensive. Most of the brackish water aquaculture in Yen Hung District consists of coastal wetland, rice cultivation land with historically low yields due to excessive saline conditions, mangrove forestland and unused land. The water use and allocation for aquaculture with the Sub-Project will increase markedly (Table 7). This represents about 35% of total water supplied to brackish water aquaculture, the remainder coming from marine waters and rainfall23. Common tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon, is the most common brackish water aquaculture commodity produced and extensive, semi-intensive and intensive cultivation is practiced. The yield under intensive cultivation can be very high, up to 2 tlha/crop with 2 crops per year. Intensive cultivation is expensive, requiring high capital investments. Average annual yield of extensive shrimp cultivation, with lower inputs, is 0.1 to 0.2 t/ha. There is little separation of water supply and drainage in the aquaculture areas and there is high water pollution of aquaculture ponds due to poor pond layout. Pond sediment waste which much be disposed of between crops is about 100 wet weight t/ha/crop (with 76% water content). In addition, the higher inputs of feed to the more intense cultivation methods creates higher organic pollution. There is no freshwater aquaculture occurring in the Yen Lap Reservoir. 3.4.5 Forestry As indicated above, some 3,709 ha of production forests are scattered throughout the communes and districts that have land within the Sub-Project Area (Table 15). These are likely scattered throughout the low hills of the Sub-Project Area, largely in the Ha Bac area but also to some extent in the Ha Nam area. The annual revenues derived from these forests is unknown. 3.4.6 Household Income and Incidence of Poverty The average annual per capita net income (from all sources and including all costs) in the two pilot areas is VND 1.62 million (US $108); about 69% of this is generated from agricultural activities (the rest from other activities such as hired-labor, secondary businesses, and handicrafts), and about 75% of the per capita total net income is generated from rice cultivation. About 9% of the households in the two pilot areas do not meet the threshold poverty level of VND 100,000 per person per month (set by the 2001 National Strategy for Poverty Alleviation and Employment) (Figure 5). 3.4.7 Domestic and Drinkin2 Water Supply and Quality Drinking water supply in the Sub-Project Area comes from three sources: dug wells; drilled wells; and rainwater (Table 20). With the Sub-Project, about 200,000 people in Yen Hung, Uong Bi, and Cat Hai Districts, as well as Ha Long City, will use water from the Yen Lap Reservoir. Water in Yen Lap Reservoir meets the national standards for drinking water but will need to be treated before such use (Error! Reference source not found., Page Errorl Bookmark not defined.). The current status of domestic and drinking water supply and quality in the Sub-Project Area is as follows: Hoanh Bo District (reservoir catchment area) Most of the domestic and drinking water supply is from dug wells and drilled wells, with enough capacity through the year and good quality Ha Bac Area, Yen Hung District (command area) Supply for domestic and drinking waler purposes is variable but comes mostly from the canals of the irrigation system. Those households that use groundwater as a source of domestic and drinking water indicate that the depth of groundwater in the wells decreases whenever the Yen Lap Irrigation Scheme stops supplying water to the canal system. This may be because of the porous limestone rock that forms the bedrock in much of the Sub-Project area. Ha Nam Area, Yen Hung District (command area) Supply for domestic and drinking water purposes is also comes mosily from the canals of the irrigation scheme. Groundwater in the most of wells in Ha Nam is saline, with salinity levels more than twice the national standard (or rural drinking water. Groundwater is also polluted by ammonia, manganese and iron, and it has mercury concentrations that are more than twice the national standard. Coliform levels are also very high, far exceeding the drinking water standard. Uong Bi District At present, there is a shortage of domestic and drinking water. 3.4.8 Disease and Public Health The Sub-Project Area experiences most of the well-known diseases of tropical and sub-tropical areas. Although no specific data were obtained relating to health conditions of Sub-Project Area residents, the presence of bacterial contamination in domestic and drinking water supplies means that risk to water borne diseases of bacterial origin may be high. However, the incidence of waterborne diseases has almost certainly decreased in the Yen Lap Su-Project Area in recent years due to what provincial authorities indicated in the consultations held in support of this EIA were improved sanitary water supply through the provision of drilled wells and improved education on public hygiene. 3.4.9 Industry The level of industrialization in the Sub-Project area is moderate. There are no major industrial zones in the Sub- Project area, but there are some large industrial facilities, such as the Uong Bi coal-fired thermal power generating station, located in Uong Bi Town, with a capacity of 158 MW. There are also a number of smaller- scale industrial enterprises throughout the command area, including plants producing brick and tile, ship-building operations in the coastal areas, and an increasing number of processing plants for the agro-forest and food industries. There is also industrial activity in the Yen Lap Reservoir catchment area in the form of numerous small-scale surface coal mines. 100- 0. v 0 90O|e so~ 0 70- c 60 - C 50- 3 40- I , ,^ Poverty threshold set by 2001 National Strategy vF 30, S for Poverty Alleviation and Employment 30 20 7 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 Monthly Per Capita Income ('00,000 VND) Figure 5: Incidence of poverty in two pilot areas. Data collected in socioeconomic survey conducted as part of Consultant social assessment activities. Table 20: Summary of domestic and drinking water information in pilot areas. Data collected in socioeconomic survey conducted as part of Consultant social assessment activities. Source of Domestic % Pilot Area % Satisfied with Water Water Depth in Dry Water Depth in Rainy and Drinking Water Households Quality Season Season Piped 0 l ___ Dug Well 61 87 3.5 0.7 Drilled Well 25 100 0.4 0.1 Rainwater 14 85 3.4.10 Tourism Resources There are few significant tourism resources within the Sub-Project Area, save for those developed around the major cultural and historic resources of the Sub-Project Area (Table 21). The Sub-Project Area is a transitional area for tourists traveling to Ha Long Bay from Ha Noi and Hai Phong. 3.4.11 Cultural and Historic Resources There are seven designated cultural and historic sites in the districts which form the Sub-Project Area and in the vicinity of the Sub-Project Area (Table 21). The communes forming the Song Khoai-Hiep Hoa and the Lien Hoa- Lien Vi Pilot Areas in total have 7 of these cultural and historic sites, all located in residential areas. 3.4.12 Navigation and Transportation Transportation Transportation along the main roads throughout the Sub-Project Area is rather good. National Roads No. 18A and No. 10 have lengths in the Sub-Project Area of 5.5 km and 14 km, respectively. The highway from Ha Noi to Quang Ninh is a good quality road; travel by road between downtown Ha Noi to Ha Long City through the Sub-Project Area takes no more than three hours. All communes and most villages are serviced by secondary and tertiary roads, but these roads are generally in poor condition. These roads are unsurfaced, mostly ungraded, and are difficult to use, especially in the rainy season. Navigation Navigation is a very important means of transportation in the Sub-Project Area. The Sub-Project waterways; smaller boats also use the narrower rivers to transporting goods such as sand, wood, agricultural inputs (fertilizer) and outputs (rice). Table 21: Cultural and historic sites in districts that form the Sub-Project Area and in areas in close proximity to the Sub-Project Area. Name Location Significance Ha Long Bay Quang Ninh Province Beautiful caves and sea ____ ___ ____ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ landscape Pine Forest Memorial to Ho Chi Minh Thanh Commune, Uncle Ho memorial, 1963 Minh Yen Hung Distlct Ironwood tree, Rung well Quang Yen Town, Yen 700 old year historical site Hung District _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Bac Dngwodenpie re Yen Giang Commune, Yen Won sign Nguyen-Mong l Bach Dng wooen pip area Hungi District invader, 1228 Phong Coc Temple ~~~~Phong Coc Commune, Yen Architecture fronn 179 h IPhong Coc Temple Hun Ditrc ____________ . ~~~~Hung Distnct century Tran Hung Dao Temple, Ba King Yen Giang Commune, Yen Historical site wooden pipe area) Tien Cong Temple Cam La Commune, Yen Historical Site _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ H u n g D istr c t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4: IMPACT ASSESSMENT Table 22 contains a summary of the predicted environmental impacts of the Yen Lap Sub-Project. The detailed rationale for the assessment of specific impacts contained in Table 22 is given below, beginning with Section. 4.2, Page 365) 4.1 Environmental Impact Assessment Methodologv The poteatial i:npacts c-l the Yen Lap Sub-Pojecia c-i e-ah env ronrienlal resOLrce are assessed as te ig in one of the following seven categorfes24: NO IMPACT This assessmnent is made when there is no impact of the Sub-Project on the environmental resource of concern. This assessment is made if the Sub-Project activities of concem is to be spatially or temporally removed from the environmental resource. SIGNIFICANT AND UNMITIGABLE IMPACT This assessment is made when there is expected to be an impact of the Sub-Project on the environmental resource of concern and: - the time scale of the impact is equaf to or longer than the life span or tirne scale of the resource of concem OR - the area over which the impact may occur is equal to or larger than the area over which the resource of concern occurs OR - the magnitude of the impact is equal to or larger relative to the abundance or quality of the resource of concem OR - the environmental resource of concern: (i) is important to local human populations; (ii) requires compliance with national, provincial, or district environmental protection laws, standards, and regulations25; (iii) requires compliance with Vietnam's international commitments26, triggers one of the IDA operational policies on environment; AND any one of the follcwing: - there are no known mitigations OR - it is uncertain whether the significant impact can be effectively mitigated with available mitigation activities. MITIGABLE IMPACT The impact is Significant, as described above, but it can be effectively mitigated, through one of the following methods: Impact Avoidance - some aspect of the Sub-Project design, construction, or operation is changed such that the impact no longer occurs; Impact Minimization - measures are taken to reduce impacts to acceptable levels (e.g., ensuring that TCVN emission standards are met or a canal lining program the minirnizes disruption to water users); Impact Rectification - the impact is allowed to occur, but mitigation measures are subsequently taken to rehabilitate the environment to a level whereby the impact is within acceptable limits, such as restoring and re-vegetating borrow sites; or Impact Compensation - the impact is allowed to occur but non-monetary compensation (first priority) or monetary compensation (second priority) are provided for losses created by the impact, such as in the case of resettlement or reforestation of an equivalent amount of forested land permanently lost through (say) construction of a new spillway. This Chapter outlines the recommended mitigation and Chapter 5 presents each of the required mitigation measures in greater detail as part of the Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan. 24 A general comment to the assessment of impacts contained in this EiA is that the actual amounts, scheduling, and location of various types of engineering used in the assessment of impacts are those contained in the following documents. e Final VRWAP PFS submiited to MARD in March 2003 * final Yen Lap Irrigalion System Feasibility Study Report: Report on Dam Safely * final Yen Lap Irnigation System Feasibility Study Reporl: Water Balance Report 25 final Yen Lap Irrigation System Feasibility Study Report: Report on Modemization of Yen Lap Irrigation System. Key Vietramese documents include: Lawg on Envircrimenlal Protection (1993); CP 175 Providing Guidance on the Implementation of tie Law cn Enrsircnrnentat Protecton (19941. CP 490 Circular letter of Guidance on Sett.ng up anic Appraising the Environmrental Impact Assessment Report for Investment Projects (1998); and Tieu Chuan Viet Nam (1995, 1998, 2001) - national ambient and industrial air/water quality standards. 25 These include the Convention on Wetlands of Intemational Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (RAMSAR), the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (Wold Heritage Convention), and the Convention on International Trade in Endanaered Soecies of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITFSl PHYStCAL RESOURCES BIOL.RESOLIRCES SOCIOECONOMIC RESOURCES Z' ;END TO ENTRIES: 0 BLANK - NO IMPACT 0 1 - INSIGNIFICANT IMPACT t 2M tm c 0 SIGNIFICANT IMPACT THAT IS MITIGABLE -2 > S - SIGNIFICANT IMPACT WHICH CAN NOT BE MITIGATED 2! E CL 0 0 0 r- 0 1B c tm 0 L) P - POSITIVE EFFECT 0 'U c 0 8 co U) m w , 8 :11 m co U. 0 0 c 3 C - COMBINATION OF IMPACTS 0 0 8 v E E 6 0 0 U - EXTENT AND LEVEL OF IMPACT UNKNOWN 0 c co co 'a .- 2 0 0 ui e c 0 ul U m 'S o c c, CF c E 0 U o 0 r 0 2 0 0 .0, 6 w !R CL LL EL tu C3 I Yen Lap Da - Basic Upgra ing and Repair ...... jqpir and Upgrade Dam -- ------ ---- - ----- - - !-q2qy -- --- - ---- - ------- ------------------------------------------ -------------- --- ------ ------ ------ ---- --- ---- - ------ Instali ia 6perate Dam Monitod Rqui ..... - ------ ------ - ----- ----- ------- -- ---------- - -------- _p!nj .......... -------------------------------- ------------- .... - ------ ------ ---- -- ---- - ------------------- ----- ----- ------ --- ----- -___ 12 --------------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ------ ----- ------ ----- ------ --- - - p p V ---------- VK -q qq I -V "-- 'm Upgrade HeadwoM Management Road M m m p p m Yen Lap Dam - Strengthening Flood Control Capacity Construct and Operate New Emergency Spillway I m I c I m I m I I I I I m m m p p II Yen Lap in Canal stribution System m I I I m I m p p m irLd ------- - - - - ------ - ---- ------- - --------------I---------- ---F --U -- ---- errTntabon of Canal Liniq Pn rr ---- ------ ------ --- m c m ------ -P _ ------ --- U_ _P__ --M-, ____!mPL _ __ [ - - ------------ - --------- ---------- -------------- ------- _____Rro,qinaMainCanalsWhereB2qo, isi I !Rv c c c c m c m p p c m ______y2p_Management Road Along Main Canals ------ ------------- ------ ------ ------ -- ---- -- - ------ ------- - ------ - - - --- - -- - - ----------------------------- ----- ----------------------------------------------------------- p Main Canal Sluice Gates Hois %_qtp!nq_Cther Civil Works c - ----- - -------------------- ----- ------------------------- - ------------- ------ ------ Construct and PReTte New Chanh Rive -r-S!TQ ................. ... ------------------------------------------ _- -C __ A--- -_M -- ---- - ------ ---- - m m --- ------- ------ ---- - ------ ------ - Impmve Water Level and Discharge Regulabon c p p Lower Level Canal irrigatio System and Associa d Regulating Structures ....... .. !qTp.!.Canal System to Farm Field Level c p m m U ------ -- - -- m m m p U p m m ------ m - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ...... . 1r9_p!taqniiW rCanaI niRg rl C C C U m c m p U p c m _EnT . . ......... . ....... . .._ -- - ---------------- ---------------------- -------- ------- -- ---- - - ------ --- P___ _'_C__ __P ---- ----- _____RTg,qing Lower Level Canals Where Required, Raisinq Canal Levels at Eroded Areas c V Ar ---------------------- - --------- - ---------------------------------------------- -------- ------ ------ ---- - ------ ------ -------- --- -------------------- - --- -- ----------- - ---- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------------ !qp AjqyntMain Canal Sluice Gates Civil Works p ------------- - ---------------------- --- ---------------------- I------ ------- ------------- ------ ---- - ------ ------ ----- ---------------------- Upgrade Roads and Paths Along Lower Level Canal System I m m m m p p m m Modernization of Irrigation Management System Electrification of ODerabon of Water Control Structures to 2o Level I No Direct Impacts on Environmental Resources of Yen Lap Sub-Project Area. Positive effects from Institutional development --------------------------- -------------------- ___ tAqj.!apment Facilities of Yen Lap Irflgation Scheme and 'capacity building on Improved water management resufting In Increased crop production and socioeconomic conditions ....... y2QTQq_Iipna. ------------------------------- -_- ...... of beneficiaries Design and Implementation of Improved Water User Fee Policies ChanC es In Economic Activities in Land Use and Commodity Production 1_1 I I I I I .... -L?__L ----I------ --------------------------------- - ----------------------------------------- Water Allocabon to Municipal and Industdal Uses Mitigable through In ustrial pollution control ................................... --------------------------- -------------------- -.................... ----- ------- ------ ----------------- --- __1 ------------- ------ ---- q-------- I -----------5----- .......................... Changes in A2uaculture Mitigable Effects of Expanded Coastal Aguaculture from Increased Yen Lap Water Supply Resettlement and Compensation Resetdement of Project-Affected Households and Compensabon for Land Acquisifion Minimal environmental Impacts of reseftlement because minimal resettlement with Sub-Project Cross-Cutting Activities Related to Construction of Engineering Works ........... ------- ------------------------------------I ------------------------------------------ Construcfion_qmp ------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------- ---------------- Effects of construction camps and general construction activities are mitigable through good construction camp practices. -----------6 ------ --- nstruction AcbviUes Effects of disturbance, movement and disposal of soils are mitigable through proper management and dispozal of dredged --------- - _ ----------- - --- - -------- -------------- --------------------------------------- I......................... of Excavated Matedal and axcavated soils .......... tnq!tq ------------- -------------------------- I-------------------------------------- Storage of Environmentally-Sensifive Matedafs Cumulatlve Effects of Sub-Project Implementation on Environmental Resources Outside of Sub-Project Area Total Sub-Project Activibes I U I I-U I I - I p I I I I ? I I 1 35 INSIGNIFICANT IMPACT This assessment is made when there is expected to be an impact of the Sub-Project on the environmental resource of concern but the impact is assessed to be too negligible to require intervention in the form of either mitigation or monitoring. This type of impact would occur when any one of the criteria for impact significance, above, are not met. UNKNOWN IMPACT This assessment is made when one of the following apply: - the presence of the Sub-Project activity of potential concern is uncertain; - the occurrence of the environmental resource within the Sub-Project area is uncertain; - the time scale of the impact is unknown; - the spatial scale over which the impact may occur is unknown; or - the magnitude of the impact can not be predicted. POSITIVE This assessment is made when the effect of the given Sub-Project activity will be to improve the condition and integrity of the environmental resource of concern. COMBINATION This assessment is made when more than one of the above assessments (i.e., some positive and some negative impacts,) apply to the effect of a Sub-Project activity on an environmental resource of concern. 4.2 A_plication of IDA Operational Policies Most of the IDA Operational Policies identified for possible application to VWRAP apply to the Yen Lap Sub- Project and are used in the detailed assessment of environmental impacts, below. Some of the IDA Operational Policies, however, are not triggered by the Yen Lap Sub-Project and are not considered further in this EIA: Operational Policy 7.60 - Projects in Disputed Areas - None of the Sub-Project Area or the area of influence of the Sub-Project is part of a territory whose jurisdiction is disputed by another country Operational Policy 7.50 - International Waterways - None of the water bodies associated with the Yen Lap Sub-Project form a boundary between, or flow through the territory of another country; - None of the water bodies associated with the Yen Lap Sub-Project are a any tributary or component of any waterway described above; and - None of the water bodies associated with the Yen Lap Sub-Project is recognized as a necessary channel of communication between the open sea and other states countries or of any river flowing into such waters. Operational Policy 4.20 - Indigenous Peoples - There are no members of recognized ethnic minority groups living in the command area of the Yen Lap Sub-Project - While a substantial number of residents in the Yen Lap Reservoir catchment area belong to a recognized ethnic minority group, there will be not Sub-Project activities taking place in the Yen Lap Reservoir catchment and there assessed to be no Sub-Project activities that will have any direct or indirect effects on the environmental and social resources of the Yen Lap Reservoir catchment. 4.2.1 Effects of Dam Safety Risk In the event of a large flood, residents will be at risk to significant damage to them and their assets. This is assessed as a SIGNIFICANT AND MITIGABLE IMPACT through the implementation of the Yen Lap Dam Safety Emergency Preparedness Plan (EPP) prepared as part of the overall Yen Lap Sub-Project FS. The EPP will enable residents as risk to be notified and advised on what precautions they should take in order to minimize the risk to them in the event of a design flood occurrence. 4.3 Activities with Consistent Impacts on all Environmental Resources There are a number of Yen Lap Sub-Project activities that are assessed to have the same impacts for all environmental resources they will affect. Rather than present these individually for each environmental resource in this chapter, they are presented synoptically below and not analyzed and presented further in the detailed assessment that begins with Section 4.5, Page 43. 4.3.1 Repairing and Upgrading Existing Civil Works and Facilities A large number of Sub-Project activities involve the repairing of existing civil works and facilities. The following specific activities are assessed as having NO IMPACT on any of the environmental resources of the Yen Lap Sub-Project area: Yen Lap Dam and Nghia Lo and Dan Chu Saddle Dams - Upstream slope reinforcement; - From elevation 15.0 to 25,0: Masonry inside a reinforced concrete grid. - From elevation 25.0 to 32.5: Concrete slab, 20 cm thick. - Repairing at the damaged sections of the wave wall - Providing a concrete and asphalt layer on the dam crest surface; and - Provision and operation supplementary dam monitoring equipment Main Spillway - Overhauling spillway gates; - Overhauling electric hoists; - Maintenance and upgrading of stop-log lifting system - Upgrading the spillway operational controlling system by: - Installing monitoring cabinet locally and at the center. - Installing lighting system. - Installing measuring equipment at the spillway gate aperture. Irrigation Intake - Intake Tower - Construction an external steel reinforced-concrete armor - Filling cracks with cement grouting - Intake conduit - Pressurizing the entire internal part of the conduit with a steel pipe inserted of 2,500 mm diameter. Grouting and reinforcement at watertight joints and at seepage areas - Isolating gates - Replacing existing working gates with an isolating gate Main Canals - Overhauling existing civil works structures and associated equipment that can be reused and replace those structures and equipment that can not be reused. This will include: - Overhauling and replacing seriously damaged gates - Overhauling and replacing other seriously damaged equipment - Installing electrification systems for hoisting of sluices with B > 80 cm to facilitate local control (smaller sluices will be manually operated) Lower Level Canal System and Associated Water Control Structures - As with the main canals, overhauling existing civil works structures and associated equipment that can be reused and replace those structures and equipment that can not be reused, as well as completing the construction and installation of water control structures. This will include: - Overhauling and replacing seriously damaged gates - Overhauling and replacing other seriously damaged equipment; and - Installing electrification systems for hoisting of sluices with B Ž 80 cm to facilitate local control (smaller sluices will be manually operated). The Sub-Project activities listed immediately above will be associated with other Sub-Project activities such as the establishment of construction camps; the assessment of impacts of these associated activities on environmental resources of the Yen Lap Sub-Project Area is discussed in this Chapter, below. In addition, other Sub-Project activities are assessed as having different types of impact on different environmental resources; these assessments are analyzed and presented in greater detail starting with Section 4.5, Page 43. 4.3.2 Modernization of Irripation Management System The modernization of the Yen Lap irrigation management system, consisting of upgrading the technical capacity of irrigation management personnel, improvement of water user fee policies, and upgrading Yen Lap IMC equipment and management facilities will have NO DIRECT IMPACT on the environmental resources of the Sub- Project area. There will be indirect POSITIVE effects, however, from institutional development and capacity building on improved water management resulting in increased crop production and socioeconomic conditions of beneficiaries. 4e3.3 Construction Activities Associated with Sub-Proiect Implementation The major engineering civil works of the Sub-Project will create the need for temporary construction worker camps. These construction camps will have negative impacts on the environment through land disturbance, generation of waste (solid and liquid), use of heavy vehicles and other machinery (increased noised levels localized air pollution, particularly in areas of human habitation), and requirements for domestic and drinking water supply. There may also be damage caused to existing infrastructure, particularly roads, road signage, and bridges, caused by construction activities associated with implementation of the Sub-Project. Despite the fact that the size and proposed location of the construction camps is unknown at this time, all these impacts are MITIGABLE through good construction camp practices. In addition, there will considerable disturbance of soils in all aspects of major civil engineering works. There will need to be effective handling of soils so that they cause minimal disturbance to the environment, particularly with respect to sedimentation of water courses, and degradation of water quality. These impacts are assessed as MITIGABLE. 4.3.4 Environmental Impacts of Resettlement Large-scale resettlement can cause environmental and social impacts if not implemented carefully implemented such as occurred as a result of resettlement during the construction of the Hoa Binh Dam in northern Viet Nam. Impacts of resettlement on the environment can include forest cutting or wetland encroachment, adoption of unsustainable agricultural practices and livelihood patterns, and land tenure issues. 10 households in Minh Thanh Commune will be resettled as a result of the construction of the new emergency spillway (Table 13); these households will be resettled about 5 km due east of their current settlement, in Dai Yen Commune in Hoanh Bo District. These 10 households represent an incremental population to Dai Yen Commune of about 0.5% of the existing population. Environmental impacts from these resettled households will be extremely small and limited and the environmental impact of resettlernent is assessed as INSIGNIFICANT. About 10 ha of land will be permanently acquired, and 17 ha of land will be temporarily acquired (Table 13, Page 17) as a result of the Sub-Project. Compensation will be paid27 and there will be NO IMPACT of permanent land acquisition on environmental resources of the Sub-Project Area. The effects of temporary land acquisition are assessed as MITIGABLE by restoring the landscapes to their original condition after it has been used. No mitigation or monitoring is required for the environmental impacts of resettlement. 4.3.5 Mitiaable Impacts of Increased Water Supply for Municipal and Industrial Use The Sub-Project will increase water supply for non-commodity production uses, erimarily municipal domestic and drinking water supp:y and industrial activities, from 2.4 m3Is at present to 33.5 m Is with the Sub-Project, an increase of almost 1,400%, or 1.06 billion m3/yr (2.88 million m /day). About 60% of the estimated NPV generated by the Yen Lap Sub-Project will come from the net incremental benefits of waler sales for municipal and industrial water uses (figures given in the final Yen Lap PFS report indicate EIRR = 27% for the entire Sub- Project; calculations made on the basis of only agricultural benefits result in an EIRR 10%). The environmental issue concerning incremental environmental impacts of municipal and industrial water use is largely with the industrial sector; increasing the supply of water for domestic use will have substantial human health and other benefits. An expanding industrial sector will also provide many incremental socioeconomic benefits but will create incremental environmental impacts that will be difficult to control and manage. Viet Nam has new industrial discharge regulations and also requires an approved EIA before licensing is given to an industrial park or individual industrial facility. However, this is no guarantee that there will be no unacceptable environmental pollution as a result of these facilities. Every single facility in an industrial zone can be meeting industrial discharge standards and yet the receiving waters can not meet ambient water quality standards because of cumulative effects. Environmental enforcement also remains extraordinarily weak in Viet Nam and there is little doubt that incremental industrial activity made possible by water supply from the Yen Lap Sub- Project, in even new industrial zones, will create incremental environmental pollution within the Cam Son-Cau Son Sub-Project Area and its associated area of intiuence. The sketchy surface water quality information that is available (Annex 5) suggests that there is some industrial pollution of the surface waters of western Quang Ninh Province. The incremental environmental effects of increased industral activity made possible by water supply from the Yen Lap Sub-Project will likely be less than what is expected for a VWRAP Sub-Project such as Phu Ninh that is situated in an environment relatively unpolluted by industrial activity; the incremental environmental effects may also be greater than in the case of Ho Chi Minh City and the Dau Tieng Sub-Project, where existing levels of industrial pollution in surface waters are already high. While it is completely impractical for the Yen Lap Sub-Project to finance the construction and operation of industrial pollution control facilities, because such a high proportion of the Sub-Project benefits accrue from municipal and industrial water supply, it is reasonable to expect VWRAP to provide support to Quang Ninh provincial departments (MoNRE, Dol, etc.) for strengthening their monitoring and enforcement capacity, raising awareness of industrial users, and strengthening the overall environmental governance of the industrial sector28. 4.3.6 Provision of Increased Water SUPDIV to Aguaculture The Sub-Project will increase water supply to brackish water aquaculture both within and downstream of the command areas in order to support expansion of this economic activity in the coastal zone of Yen Hung District and this impact is assessed as MITIGABLE. This aquaculture expansion is part of the National Aquaculture Development Program (1999-2010). This National Program, approved with Decision No. 224/1999/QD-TTg specifies: oan overall objective of achieving an aquaculture output of 2 miliion tlyr by 2010 from current levels of about 350,000 tlyr in 1999; o plans for aquaculture in coordination with investments in water resource infrastructure to increase the efficiency of investment and use of land and water areas; and o poficies of development of aquaculture cultivation oriented towards increasing utilization of land and water areas for cultivating marine products. Aquaculture is an extremely important economic activity in Viet Nam in general and in Quang Ninh Province. It is one of the largest sources of foreign exchange in the country. However, there are costs associated with aquaculture expansion: Loss of Coastal Wetlands - Coastal and marine aquaculture production has increased rapidly in Viet Nam but this increase has largely been accomplished by extensification, rather than intensification of aquaculture production. Average aquaculture yields since 1993 have risen very little. This extensification has occurred at the expense of coastal ecosystems, such as the case of coastal wetlands in the Mekong Delta which the IDA is financing a large-scale rehabilitation29. Water Pollution - In general, aquaculture in coastal Viet Nam has not been sufficiently carefully planned. The result in some cases is increased water pollution, largely from unregulated flushing of pond sediment wastes into water systems that have not been planned to ensure separation of aquaculture pond intake and effluent30. Freshwater supply to brackish water aquaculture to be provided from the Yen Lap Sub-Project is needed to achieve the correct salinity levels in the ponds at various stages of prawn development. Without the Yen Lap Sub-Project, it is doubtful that aquaculture development will be able to proceed at the same rate it will be able to with the Sub-Project, and so there may in fact be incremental environmental effects of the Yen Lap Sub-Project related to expansion of brackish water aquaculture.. While Decree 1 75/CP requires overall strategies for regional and national development to be assessed for their environmental impacts, no ElAs were prepared for the provincial aquaculture plans and so the effects of the Yen Lap Sub-Project on environmental resources occurring through increasing aquaculture are not well understood. It would be prudent, as part of the pre-construction phase of the Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental 28 If the final economic and financial analyses follow recommendations contained in the January 2003 Aide-Memoire ("....municipal and industrial water supply benefit cannot be said to fully accrue from works on the scheme below the hierarchy of primary canals. Therefore costs excluding dam safety and head works must be justified primarily by benefits to agriculture at farm-household level."), the requirement for including this type of mitigation will not be required for the Yen Lap Sub-Project. At this stage of Sub-Project preparation, it appears that municipal and industrial water benefits may not need to be included to economically justify the Sub-Project. 29 Coastal Wetlands Protection and Development Project. 30 Pollution from aquaculture activities was cited as the second most serious source of land-based pollution in coastal Viet Nam in a survey of the Directors of the provinciaJ Science, Technology, and Environment Departments conducted as part of coastal community surveys under ADB TA 5712-REG: Coastal and Marine Environmental Management in the South China eZ.. oi- ', 1n cr, I lf 4nln Management Plan, to implement the following mitigation measures: * conduct an EIA of that part of the Yen Hung Coastal Aquaculture Program that will benefit from improved water supply from the Yen Lap Sub-Project (mostly Yen Hung District which will be receiving 93% of the water to be allocated for coastal aquaculture, Table 7, Page 13) to ensure proper pond arrangements, wastewater management, and pond sediment management are put into place, and to determine the amount of coastal wetlands that will be lost as a result of the expansion of coastal aquaculture made possible by the provision of water from the Yen Lap Sub-Project; o if possible, restore and/or rehabilitate an area of coastal wetlands as compensation for loss of coastal wetlands from aquaculture expansion as a result of the Yen Lap Sub-Project; and * provide resources to educate aquaculture households on best environmental practices to minimize environmental impacts of their activities. 4.3.7 Impacts on Population and Communities There are four potential impacts on the population and communities of the Sub-Project, all of which are assessed elsewhere in this Chapter: Mitigable effects of disturbance to households and communities caused by construction activities (Section 4.3.3, Page 38); o Mitigable effects of resettlement and compensation for land acquisition requirements (Section 4.3.4, Page 38); o Positive effects of increased employment (Section 4.4.3, Page 41); and Positive effects on household income and overall level of economic activity (Section 4.4.4, Page 41). 4.4 Environmental. Social Resources With Uniform Environmental Impacts There are a number of environmental and social resources of the Yen Lap Sub-Project that are predicted to be affected in the same way from all Sub-Project activities (i.e., all positive or all negative impacts) for whatever phases of the Sub-Project (pre-construction, construction, and operation) they will occur and in whichever phase of investments they will occur - first, second, or both. Rather than present these individually for each Sub-Project activity in this chapter, these environmental resources are presented synoptically below and not analyzed and presented further in the detailed assessment beginning with Section 4.5, Page 43. 4.4.1 No Sub-Proiect Impacts on Environmental Resources in Yen Lap Reservoir Catchment The Sub-Project will have NO IMPACT on the Yen Lap Reservoir catchment. There are no Sub-Project activities that will affect any environmental resources in the 183 km2 catchment of the Yen Lap Reservoir: The height of the Yen Lap Dam and the saddle dams is not being increased and there will therefore be no land alienation from increased Reservoir height; eThe operation of the Yen Lap Reservoir will be basically the same with the Sub-Project as under current conditions and the with-Sub-Project water level regime in the Reservoir will essentially be the same as it is at present (Figure 4, Page 23); o Access to the catchment area above the Yen Lap Reservoir will not change. New roads into the catchment will not be built and no existing roads in the catchment area will be enlarged or improved; The remoteness of the catchment area means that no construction materials will be obtained from this part of the Sub-Project Area. 4.4.2 No Sub-Project Impacts on Rare and Endangered Species There have been no biodiversity surveys conducted in the command area and so it is not known whether the command area contains any rare and endangered species. The rare and endangered species contained in the 2002 IUCN Red List (Table 18, Page 26, and Annex 7) are found in natural forested habitats which in the Sub- Project Area are found only in the catchment of the Yen Lap Reservoir. It is extremely unlikely that there are any rare and endangered species in the command area because this area has long been almost exclusively used for human habitation and associated economic activities. Because of the likely absence of rare and endangered species in the command area, the effect of the Sub-Project on rare and endangered species in the command _- : - - - o*rf - - - - -k _, Ae IRA r iA i- A _ A.3 _ AL- - .4A.' onr iof;- A; ,A, v ; r i.. - resources in the catchment of the Yen Lap Reservoir (see above) includes no effects of the Sub-Project on rare and endangered species in that part of the Sub-Project as well. 4.4.3 Positive Sub-Proiect Impacts of the Sub-Proiect on Employment Practically all Sub-Project activities will have a POSITIVE IMPACT on local employment. These positive effects will occur in a number of ways: o short-term increase in employment from construction activities; o Longer term increase in the requirement for on-farm labor; and . Substantial indirect and induced employment generated as a result of both the short-term increase in construction employment and the increase in on-farm labor demand. The only possible exception will be possible reduced labor requirements under a more automated irrigation management system. However, these are likely to be small and more than compensated for by the overall increase in employment with the Sub-Project. To reinforce the positive effects of the Sub-Project on local employment, it would be appropriate to give preference and priority to local residents in construction (and operation) of the Sub-Project wherever possible, by including a requirement in construction contracts for local hires and specific interest groups (e.g., women and ethnic minorities identified in the Yen Lap EMDP as being potentially disadvantaged by the Sub-Project), as well as to train local workers before construction begins to increase relevant skills and minimize project delays. 4.4.4 Positive Impacts on Economic Activities, Income, and Incidence of Poverty The Sub-Project will have a POSITIVE IMPACT on overall economic activity in the Sub-Project Area, as well as increasing household income and reducing the incidence of poverty in the Sub-Project Area. The increased short-term and long-term employment generated by the Sub-Project will increase the general level of economic activity in the Sub-Project Area. In addition, with a predicted increase in cropping intensity (from current levels of 169% to 213% with the Sub-Project, Table 14, Page 17, using figures provided in the Yen Lap pre-FS), coupled with similar expected increases in yields of agricultural commodities, net incomes from agriculture activities of agricultural households (the majority of command area households) are predicted to increase some 17% over and above current levels, and overall net incomes (including all sources of income) are expected to increase by 15%. The predicted increases in household incomes with the Sub-Project may be even greater with even higher crop diversification. This increase in net income will also result in a decrease in overall poverty in the command area. It is predicted that the percentage of households in the two pilot areas not meeting the threshold poverty level of VND 100,000 per person per month (set by the 2001 National Strategy for Poverty Alleviation and Employment) will decline from about 9% at present to about 3% with the Sub-Project, a reduction in levels of absolute poverty of some 67% (Figure 6). There may be short-term negative effects to agricultural commodity production as a result of canal lining and other canal reinforcements. This can be mitigated by developing rigid construction timetables for canal reinforcement and lining to minimize disruption to the beneficiaries and at the same time have efficient implementation of this part of the Sub-Project. This will require a detailed implementation plan for canal lining developed consultation with the Sub-Project beneficiaries. 4.4.5 Mitigable Sub-Project Impacts on Mineral Resources The effects of removing rock (for road construction or during canal system expansion) from new borrow sites is MITIGABLE through the restoration of the borrow sites after construction is completed. 4.4.6 No Sub-Proiect Impacts on Air Quality There will be NO IMPACT of the Sub-Project on noise levels in or outside the Sub-Project Area. The exception to this is the operation of construction equipment for various Sub-Project activities and these impacts are addressed in detail in Section 4.3.3. 1i 0 i1 S tns vtb20Ntnlla S~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 10 0S O I 4.4.7 -c I' /u-ric mpcso os 60~ 0A 5 e0 Poerty threshold set by 2001 National Strategy CID 30 u r for Poverty Alleviation and Employment .2 20 20 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 Monthly Income ('00,000 VND) 'Without Sub-Project * With Sub-Project Figure 6: Predicted change in incidence of poverty in Pilot Areas with Sub-Project3d e 4.4.7 No Sub-Proiect Impacts on Noise There are no Sub-Project activities that wilt adversely affect noise levels in or outside the Sub-Project Area. The exception to this is the operation of construction equipment for various Sub-Project activities and these impacts are assessed in detail in Section 4.3.3. 4.4.8 No Sub-Project Impacts on Human Health There will be NO IMPACT of the Sub-Project on the health of the Sub-Project beneficiaries. Expansion of the existing IPM program should prevent any negative effects of possible increased pesticide use and there may be positive benefits of households having increased disposable income on being able to make increased use of health care services. 4.4.9 No Sub-Project imracts on Nature Reserves and Protected Areas The Yen Lap Sub-Project is predicted have NO IMPACT on the following major nature reserves and protected areas both within and in the vicinity of the Sub-Project Area: Bai Chay Cultural and Historic Site Bai Chay Cultural and Historical Site is located in Ha Long City, about 50 km due east of Sub-Project Area and the site is hydrologically disconnected from the Sub-Project Area. No Sub-Project activities will affect this site. Ky Thuong Nature Reserve The part of this nature reserve that is within the Sub-Project Area is in the far upper catchment area of the Yen Lap Reservoir. As indicated in Section 4.4.1, Page 40. there will be no Sub- .Project activities within the Yen Lap Reservoir Catchment and there will therefore be no direct or indirect effects of the Sub-Project on the environmental resources within this Nature Reserve. Cat Ba National Park Cat Ba National Park is about 60 km south of the command area. While it is a part of 31 The data in the chart were obtained from the socioeconomic survey conducted by the Consultant's social assessment team in the Pilot Areas of the Yen Lap Sub-Project. Net income without the Sub-Project is calculated as the sumn of all income sources reported less the sum of all costs reported. Net income with the Sub-Project is calculated in the same way but assumes greater income from agricultural production due to the improvements in water supply. Table 14 suggests that cropping intensity will increase about 20% with the Sub-Project; it is assumed that yields of agricultural commodities will increase by the same percentaoe. Incremental net income is assumed to bp 50% of total incremental inrnme Cat Hai District, it is disconnected hydrologically from the Sub-Project and no Sub-Project activities will affect the resources of the National Park. Ha Long Bay Cultural and Historic SitelHa Long Bay World Heritage Site Ha Long Bay Cultural and Historic Site is a minimum of about 60 km from the eastern portion of the Yen Lap Sub-Project command area. Most of the protected area is much farther from the Sub-Project and it will not be affected by any Sub-Project activity. 4.4.10 No Sub-Proiect Impacts on Tourism Resources As indicated above (Section 3.4.10, Page 32), there are few, if any significant tourism resources within the Sub- Project Area, save for those developed around the major cultural and historic resources that are in the vicinity of the Sub-Project Area (Table 21), particularly the Ha Long Bay World Heritage Site and Cat Ba National Park. Because of this, it is predicted that there will be NO IMPACT of the Sub-Project on tourism resources. 4.5 Sub-Project Impacts of Pre-Construction 4.5.1 Impacts of the Legacv of Conflict One of the ongoing consequences of the American War of the 1 960s and 1970s is unexploded ordnance. Unexploded ordnance is uncovered throughout Viet Nam and there are casualties every year from accidents involving these materials. The Yen Lap Sub-Project involves the movement of a great deal of earth (Table 8, Page 13) for upgrading of existing civil works and construction of new civil works. Mortar shells, aerial bombs, and other unexploded ordnance may all be found within the Sub-Project Area. Some de-mining has occurred at shallow depths, however virtually none has occurred in non-productive land or at depths greater than 2 m. There is a risk that unexploded ordnance will be uncovered during excavation, but this risk is assessed as MITIGABLE. As a precautionary measure, it will be necessary to provide resources for detecting and clearing unexploded ordnance in the Sub-Project Area32 at those construction activities that will occur at depths greater than 2 m. 4.5.2 Requirements for Resettlement and Land Acquisition These impacts are assessed as MITIGABLE. As indicated in Table 13, Page 17, 10 households will require resettlement as a result of constructing the emergency spillway, 10 ha of land will be permanently acquired, and 17 ha of land will be temporarily acquired. A detailed compensation scheme has been prepared according to both IDA and Vietnamese legal requirements. The total compensation will be US $ 173,000. 4.6 Sub-Proiect Impacts of Construction 4.6.1 Impacts on Physical Resources SOILS Reduction in Erosion - POSITIVE The reinforcement and strengthening of sections of the canal system throughout the command area will be a positive effect on soils in the immediate vicinity of the engineering civil works. Erosion will be reduced at those locations and farmers will not have to continually contend with their land eroding along the canals. As well, the additional lining of the canal system will also have a positive effect of reducing soil erosion along those particular lined portions. Alienation of Sub-Project Soils - INSIGNIFICANT Some soils will be permanently alienated as the 26 km management road along the main canals is upgraded and widened from 10 m to 11 m (Table 12, Page 16). However, this will be a small proportion of the total Sub-Project Area (0.06% of the total catchment area above Yen Lap Dam plus full command area) and the effect is assessed as Insignificant. In addition, construction and/or upgrading of management roads along the main primary and lower-level canals will at worst cause only minor, temporary disturbances to soils from the actual construction activities themselves. Earth Excavation, Storage, and Disposal - MITIGABLE Large quantities of soil, rock, and other material with 32 This mitiantinn i5 oart of the ADR/K' N finnnrprl Phi nr Hnn Wntar P.cni rrnrp' Prnirot :nr1 ic n nrr,tatri mitir,tinn be excavated (303,100 m3) and provided as fill (12,245 m3) for the construction of the emergency spillway. Soils to be excavated are unlikely to be contaminated as the entire Sub-Project Area has had little, if any, economic activities that would generate such contaminants. However, the large quantities of soil likely to be disturbed during construction are such that proper disposal, storage, and management of these soils are recommended as mitigation measures. Part of the mitigation measures will need to be ensuring that contaminated soil does not make it onto the Sub-Project site as earth-fill. One obvious means of disposal for some of these soils would be as inputs to upgraded management roads and canal tracks, as well as canal banks that need to be raised in order to accommodate possible downstream control of the irrigation system. Similar mitigation measures are recommended for: > 4,800 m 3 of material to be dredged in order to upgrade and repair the intake sluice; - 620,380 m3 of earth and rock that will be excavated and almost 78,000 m3 of earth-fill that will be used to upgrade the main canal distribution system; and . 246,000 m3 of earth that will be excavated and 146,000 m3 of earth-fill that will be used to upgrade the lower-level canal distribution system. Engineering design documents indicate that 50% of the earth-fill will be taken from earth that is excavated, while the remainder is to be taken from Song Khoai Hills. SURFACE WATER HYDROLOGY Improved Efficiency of Water Use - POSITIVE The upgrading of the main and canal distribution system in the Yen Lap Irrigation Scheme through dredging, re-aligning, and raising the main canals where required, replacing main sluice gates and hoisting equipment, implementation of a program of canal lining, and improving water level and discharge regulation will also have positive effects on surface water hydrology by increasing the efficiency of water use, thereby enabling greater water supply to be provided to the lower-level canal system. This is also the case with the completion and upgrading (through lining) of the lower-level canal system itself. Reduction in Seepage - POSITIVE The construction of a new siphon at the Chanh River will be a particularly positive impact of the Sub-Project on Surface Water Hydrology as it will eliminate the large water losses at the Chanh River Siphon that are now occurring. Changes in Basic Hydrological Regime - INSIGNIFICANT The basic hydrological regime of the 10, 20, and 30 canals will change only modestly with the Sub-Project and the hydrological network will not change, whatever irrigation management alternative for the canals is selected (i.e., upstream or downstream control). It is likely that the spatial and temporal patterns of drainage into the estuarine rivers and coastal channels of Yen Hung District at the bottom end of the command area will not significantly change. Therefore, the hydrological regime downstream of the command area is predicted to not change very much from the current regime. Ability to Meet More Stringent Design Flood Criteria - POSITIVE The construction and operation of the new emergency spillway will improve the ability of the Yen Lap headworks to cope with design flood volume. Interruption of Canal Water Supply to Users During Canal Construction and Canal Lining - MITIGABLE Improper timing of the construction activities associated with main canal reinforcement and lining may negatively affect water supply to farmers downstream. On the one hand, construction of canal reinforcements in the dry season can proceed very quickly, but water supply needs to be turned off during the construction periods; the dry season is the season when water supply via the irrigation scheme is most critical. On the other hand, water supply to the farmers via the irrigation scheme is not as critical in the rainy season and yet construction is much more problematic and expensive given the larger amounts of water in the system at that time. It will be necessary to develop rigid construction timetables for canal lining to minimize disruption to the beneficiaries and at the same time have efficient implementation of this part of the Sub-Project. In addition, consultation with affected parties is required in order to reach agreement how much impact will be accepted by affected groups. Disruption of Flow in Chanh River - MITIGABLE The new Chanh River Siphon will be buried in the Chanh Riverbed. This will likely require the use of caissons in order that the riverbed can be excavated and the siphon laid under dry conditions. The use of caissons will divert the Chanh River and will therefore temporarily alter the hydrology of the Chanh River. While the effects are likely to be insignificant, any negative effects can be mitigated by ensuring that construction occurs in the low flow period (i.e., dry season) and that a small a section of river is excavated at any one time so that the proportional change in flow regime is minimized. SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION33 Improvement of Canal Integrity and Canal Bank Stability - POSITIVE Because incremental lining throughout the entire canal system, as well as re-aligning and strengthening these canals will have a positive effect of reducing soil erosion along the canal system, sedimentation is likely to be reduced within the canal system as well. The lining or other reinforcement of sections of the canals will be a positive effect on soils in the immediate vicinity of the engineering civil works. Erosion will be reduced at those locations and farmers will not have to continually contend with their land eroding along the canals. This will reduce sedimentation into the canals and surface waters of the Sub-Project. Disturbance of Bottom Sediments - INSIGNIFICANT Dredging 4,800 m3 of material from the vicinity of the intake sluice channel in order to improve its operating efficiency will increase sedimentation into the surface waters of the Yen Lap Sub-Project. These effects, however, will be temporary and localized and are therefore assessed as Insignificant. These effects will not be detectable downstream of the command area. Disturbance of Sub-Project Soils During Construction of Emergency Spillway - MITIGABLE The disturbance to Sub-Project soUs as a result of constructing the new emergency spillway will increase sedimentation into the Yen Lap Reservoir, possibly the main canal, and the Yen Lap River as a result of construction activities, including site preparation and pumping. These effects can be mitigated with properly constructed and maintained sedimentation basins that would be used during the construction phase. Earth Excavation, Storage, and Disposal - MITIGABLE There will be considerable moving and handling of soils involved with dredging in the main canals as well as raising the canals and strengthening them at locations that have eroded over time. The quantities of soil likely to be involved are such that proper disposal and management of these soils is recommended in order to minimize incremental sedimentation into the canals and other water bodies of the Sub-Project. Disturbance of Sub-Project Soils During Implementation of Canal Engineering Works - MITIGABLE Most of the construction activities associated with upgrading the entire canal distribution system - completion of the canal distribution system at the lower levels, canal reinforcement, canal lining, and management road construction and upgrading - could cause local disturbance to soils and thereby increase sediment content of the main canals. Minimization of soil disturbance during the construction activities through the application of standard good practice techniques during construction is recommended in order to minimize additional sedimentation into the canals of the Sub-Project. Disturbance of Chanh Riverbed - MITIGABLE The new Chanh River Siphon will be buried in the Chanh Riverbed and this will require excavation of soils. This will increase the release of river bottom sediments during the construction phase. While the incremental effects on sedimentation of the Chanh River are expected to be insignificant, any negative effects can be mitigated by minimizing soil disturbance during the construction activities through the application of standard good practice techniques. SURFACE WATER QUALITY34 Reduction in Erosion and Sedimentation - POSITIVE Erosion and sedimentation are the major issues with respect to surface water quality in the Sub-Project for the above Sub-Project activities. The extent to which the Sub-Project activities listed above reduce erosion and sedimentation in the surface waters of the Sub-Project (discussed above) will be the extent to which these Sub-Project activities affect surface water quality in the Sub- Project Area. Increase in Erosion and Sedimentation - INSIGNIFICANT The extent to which the dredging the discharge channel temporarily increases erosion and sedimentation in the surface waters of the Sub-Project (see above) will be the extent to which this Sub-Project activity affects surface water quality in the Sub-Project Area. Cumulative Environmental Effects of Sub-Project Construction on Surface Water Quality - INSIGNIFICANT While there is some risk that surface water quality in the command area may change significantly as a result of the project, it is unlikely that this will be the case with water quality downstream of the 33 All of the effects on erosion and sedimentation described below will be localized. The effects will not be detectable downstream of the command area and almost certainly not detectable in the estuarine and coastai waters of Yen Hung District. 34 The absence of any existing surface water quality monitoring program in the Yen Lap Sub-Project area makes it difficult to make quantitative predictions of Sub-Project impacts on surface water quality. It will be necessary to implement a water quality effects monitoring program as part of the Environmental Management Plan (Chapter 5) in order to ensure that the command area. Sediment, nutrient, and pesticide concentrations will almost certainly change in the surface waters within the Sub-Project, particularly in the dry season. This, however, is unlikely to significantly affect water quality downstream of the command area, in the estuarine and coastal waters of Yen Hung District, because of the dilution of pollutants that would occur. However, the absence of any surface water quality monitoring information means that these predictions are uncertain. It would be prudent, therefore, to conduct surface water quality monitoring downstream of the command area to confirm the assessments of cumulative impact made above. GROUNDWATER RESOURCES35 Alteration of Rates and Patterns of Water Exchange Between Canals and Shallow Groundwater Systems - INSIGNIFICANT There are expected to be little effects of the Sub-Project on availability of groundwater resources for water used by households for crop production and possibly also for domestic and drinking water uses, as most households use exclusively canal waters for these purposes. 4.6.2 ImPacts on Biological Resources TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS AND TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY Permanent Loss of Terrestrial Ecosystems - INSIGNIFICANT The widening of the management road along the main canals from 10 m to 11 m (Table 12, Page 16) will permanently alienate an area equal to about 0.06% of the total catchment area above Yen Lap Dam plus the full command area; these effects are assessed as Insignificant. The increase in the area of canals will convert land resources into water resources in the command area of the Sub-Project. The land to be converted is already agricultural land and therefore highly modified and extremely simplified terrestrial 'ecosystems". The command area contains no remaining natural terrestrial ecosystem and this effect is therefore assessed as Insignificant. Alteration of Landscapes During Extraction of Construction Materials - MITIGABLE 50% of the earth-fill and sand is to be extracted from the Song Khoai hill area (about 280,000 m3). This will disturb approximately 10 ha of land36. Mitigation will be required to restore vegetation at these sites after construction is completed and to return the landscapes to their original condition. Disturbance of Terrestrial Ecosystems During Construction - MITIGABLE Construction activities will temporarily disturb terrestrial ecosystems within the Sub-Project Area at and downstream of the Yen Lap Dam and into the command area. Also, areas used for earth storage will also disturb landscapes within the Sub- Project Area; it is estimated that about 17 ha of land will be temporarily required for construction activities (Table 13, Page 17). Even though compensation will be paid for the temporary use of this land, mitigation will be required to restore these sites after construction is completed and to return landscapes to their original condition. Permanent Loss of Terrestrial Ecosystems - MITIGABLE The construction of the new emergency spillway at the Thuy San Isthmus between the main dam and the Nghia Lo Saddle Dam will cause the removal of about 8 ha of production forest. A suitable mitigation to compensate for the loss of ecological services of this production forest will be to plant of the same area of forest elsewhere in the watershed of the Yen Lap Reservoir, within the Yen Lap Watershed Protection Forest. IMPACTS ON FoREST RESOURCES There production forest land within the districts and communes that form the Sub-Project Area (Table 15, Page 19) lie outside of the actual land that is currently served by the Yen Lap Irrigation Scheme and there is no pumping contemplated in the Yen Lap Sub-Project to deliver irrigation water to even the lower slopes of these hills. Therefore, there will be no impacts on production forests in the command area from Sub-Project activities except for the modest impacts noted below. 35 As with surface water quality, the absence of any existing groundwater quality monitoring program in the Yen Lap Sub- Project area makes it difficult to make quantitative predictions of Sub-Project impacts on groundwater quality. -Environmental effects monitoring conducted as part of the Environmental Management Plan (Chapter 5) will need to include groundwater quality monitoring in order to ensure that predictions and assessments made below are valid and appropriate. 36 _ _ ._ : _ -* , _I _,. .- _ ___ Alteration of Landscapes During Extraction of Construction Materials = MITIGABLE 50% of the earth-fill and sand is to be extracted from the Song Khoai hill area (about 280,000 mi3). This will disturb approximately 10 ha of land, most of which is designated as production forestP7. Mitigation will be required to restore vegetation at these sites after construction is completed and to return this forest land to its original condition. Permanent Loss of Terrestrial Ecosystems - INSIGNIFICANT The construction of the new emergency spillway at the Thuy San Isthmus between the main dam and the Nghia Lo Saddle Dam will cause the removal of about 8 ha of production forest. A suitable mitigation to compensate for the loss of ecological services of this production forest will be to plant of the same area of forest elsewhere in the watershed of the Yen Lap Reservoir within the Yen Lap Watershed Protection Forest. AOUATIC ECOSYSTEMS AND AQUATIC BIODrVERSITY There are predicted to be no impacts of basic upgrading of the Yen Lap Dam, increasing its flood control capacity, or comprehensive and upgrading the main canal system on aquatic ecosystems and aquatic biodiversity in the Sub-Project. The most significant natural aquatic ecosystems in the Sub-Project area are the Yen Lap Reservoir and the canals of the irrigation scheme The most significant natural aquatic ecosystems downstream of the command area are the estuauine wetlands of the southern part of Yen Hung District. The impact of these Sub-Project activities on these natural aquatic ecosystems will be negligible at most and completely undetectable. Creation of New Canals - POSITIVE The completion of the canal system in the command area will increase the area of open water in the Sub-Project area. While these will be highly simplified and modified aquatic ecosystems, they represent an increase in the total area of aquatic ecosystems in the Sub-Project Area. Reduction in Erosion and Sedimentation - POSITIVE Erosion and sedimentation are the major issues with respect to surface water quality in the Sub-Project for the above Sub-Project activities and the extent to which the Sub-Project activities listed above reduce erosion and sedimentation in the surface waters of the Sub-Project (discussed above) will be the extent to which these Sub-Project activities affect aquatic ecosystems in the Sub- Project Area. Decrease in Nutrient Inputs from Eroding Soils - INSIGNIFICANT Lining of canal sections as well as re- aligning and strengthening sections of the primary canals will decrease the amount of nutrients entering the primary canals from Sub-Project soils and this will be an insignificant, negative effect of the Sub-Project on aquatic ecosystems. Increase in Erosion and Sedimentation - INSIGNIFICANT The extent to which erosion and sedimentation are increased as a result of various Sub-Project activities will be the extent to which these Sub-Project activities affect aquatic ecosystems in the Sub-Project Area. Disturbance of Sub-Project Soils During Construction of Emergency Spillway - MITIGABLE The disturbance to Sub-Project soils as a result of constructing the new emergency spillway could increase sedimentation into the Yen Lap Reservoir, possibly the main canal, and the Yen Lap River as a result of construction activities, including site preparation and pumping. These effects can be mitigated with properly constructed and maintained sedimentation basins that would be used during the construction phase. Earth Excavation, Storage, and Disposal - MITIGABLE There will be considerable moving and handling of soils involved with dredging in the canals as well as raising the canals and strengthening them at locations that have eroded over time. The quantities of soil likely to be involved are such that proper disposal and management of these soils is recommended in order to minimize additional sedimentation into the main canals of the Sub- Project and minimize consequent negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity. Disturbance of Sub-Project Soils During Implementation of Canal Engineering Works - MITIGABLE Most of the construction activities associated with upgrading the entire canal distribution system - completion of the canal distribution system at the lower levels, canal reinforcement, canal lining, and management road construction and upgrading - could cause local disturbance to soils and thereby negatively affect the integrity of canal aquatic ecosystems by increasing sediment content in main canals. Minimization of soil disturbance during the construction activities through the application of standard good practice techniques during construction is recommended in order to minimize additional sedimentation into the canals of the Sub-Project. Disturbance of Chanh Riverbed - MITIGABLE The new Chanh River Siphon will be buried in the Chanh 37 assirmindi that thp qvorane rignth nf r srth romn,ofad %;II ,AI ho rn Riverbed and this will require excavation of soils. This will increase the release of river bottom sediments during the construction phase. While the incremental effects on the aquatic ecosystems of the Chanh River are expected to be insignificant, any negative effects can be mitigated by minimizing soil disturbance during the construction activities through Ihe application of standard good praclice techniques. Cumulative Environmental Effects of Sub-Project Construction Activities on Aquatic Ecosystems Effects on aquatic ecosystems downstream of the command area would be indirect and meditated through changes in surface water quality. As the effects of the Sub-Project on surface water quality outside of the Sub-Project are assessed to be likely insignificant (Section 4.6.1, Page 43), it is also likely that the impacts of the Sub-Project on aquatic ecosystems downstream of the command area will also be significant. Again, however, the absence of any surface water quality or aquatic resources monitoring information means that these predictions are essentially uncertain. The recommended surface water quality monitoring downstream of the command area will enable these assessments of insignificant cumulative impact to be confirmed. 4.6.3 Impacts on Socioeconomic Resources INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES Cumulative Environmental Effects of Sub-Project Construction Activities on Infrastructure Facilities - MITIGABLE There may be damage caused to existing infrastructure, particularly roads, road signage, and bridges, caused by construction activities associated with implementation of the Sub-Project. These impacts are assessed as Mitigable and are presented above in Section 4.3.3, Page 38. DOMESTIC AND DRrNKING WATER SUPPLY AND OUALITY The actual construction involved in upgrading the engineering works for the Yen Lap Irrigation Scheme headworks will have no effect on the drinking water supply or quality of the Sub-Project. Alteration of Rates and Patterns of Water Exchange Between Canals and Shallow Groundwater Systems - INSIGNIFICANT There are expected to be little effects of the Sub-Project on availability of groundwater resources for water used by households for domestic and drinking water uses, as most households use exclusively canal waters for these purposes. TRANSPORTATION AND NAVIGATION Improvement of Management Roads Along Main and Primary Canal System - POSITIVE The roads running along the canals are the main transportation routes for Sub-Project beneficiaries, both to getting products to market and to obtain inputs for their economic activities. The upgrading of the canal road system will make it easier to transport goods and people, increase the quality of products produced by the beneficiaries that are sold at the market and these effects are therefore assessed as Positive. HISTORIC AND CULTURAL RESOURCES Disturbance from Construction Activities - MITIGABLE While the exact location of the each of the cultural and historic sites in the Sub-Project is known and the locations are maintained in the Quang Ninh DoCI (Section 3.4.11, Page 32), the location of many of the Sub-Project activities listed above is not yet known in detail. The particular cultural and historic that are at risk to possible disturbance from Sub-Project activities are: * Bach Dang wooden pipe area in Yen Giang Commune, Yen Hung District o Phong Coc Temple in Phong Coc Commune, Yen Hung District * Tran Hung Dao Temple and Ba King Temple in Yen Giang Commune, Yen Hung District; and e Tien Cong Temple in Cam La Commune, Yen Hung District Despite this, it will be possible to mitigate against any possible loss of or damage to the cultural and hisiorical sites listed above by adjusting the siting of Sub-Project civil works as necessary. It is recommended that this be incorporated into the detailed design of the physical works, in accordance with IDA Operational Policy OP 11.03 - Cultural Property. In addition, it is recommended that terms and conditions be included in the construction contracts to ensure the integrity of these historical and cultural resources. These terms and conditions will also need to be in accordance with IDA Operational Policy OP 11.03 - Cultural Property. The other cultural and disturbance. 4.7 Impacts During Operational Phase 4.7.1 Impacts on Physical Resources SOILS Depletion of Soil Nutrients and Decreasing Soil Grade - INSIGNIFICANT Increasing cropping intensity with the Sub-Project, brought about though changes in land use and commodity production, may deplete existing nutrients and decrease soil grade from Sub-Project soils more quickly that they might otherwise without the Sub- Project, and farmers may need to increase the amount of fertilizer they apply in order to compensate for this effect. Some Sub-Project Area soils are already rather depleted, however (Section 3.2.3, Page 21) and so these effect on those soils is expected to be negligible. It may be appropriate to monitor the total application of fertilizers as part of the Environmental Monitoring Plan in order to assess whether or not this effect actual does occur. SURFACE WATER QUALITY Increase in Application of Fertilizers - MITIGABLE Changes in land use and commodity production (Table 14, Page 17) will cause more fertilizer to be applied. It is estimated that approximately an additional 12150 t of fertilizer will be required annually for the entire Sub-Project over and above estimates of current fertilizer application without the Sub-Project (Table 23), about an increase of about 140%. Without a good database of surface water quality, it is very difficult to even qualitatively predict the environmental impacts of this increased fertilizer use. The very sketchy surface water quality data suggest that the surface water quality of the Sub- Project is already or close to eutrophic (Section 3.2.5, Page 22). It is expected, though, that this level of incremental inputs may change the eutrophic status of surface waters within the Sub-Project. Increase in Application of Pesticides from Changes in Land Use - MITIGABLE Changes in land use and commodity production (Table 14, Page 17) will cause more pesticides to be applied. It is estimated that an additional 37 t of pesticides and herbicides will be required annually for the entire Sub-Project over and above estimates of current pesticide and herbicide application (Table 24). This is about a 147% increase over estimated current pesticide and herbicide use throughout the Sub-Project. This impact is assessed as Unknown but potentially Significant without mitigation or monitoring. Existing baseline information on pesticide concentrations in the Sub-Project environment is non-existent and so current conditions can not be estimated, but the expected increase is substantial. Both mitigation and monitoring are recommended. With respect to mitigation, IPM extension services should continue to be provided to Sub-Project beneficiaries as a part of the Sub-Project in accordance with the requirements of IDA OP 4.03 - Pest Management Safeguards. Extension services should include the topics of appropriate selection and application of pesticides and herbicides as well as basic techniques of and approaches to IPM. With respect to monitoring, pesticide monitoring in the surface It should be noted that environmental concentrations of pesticides in other agricultural areas of Viet Nam with less crop diversification (and therefore higher risk of pest buildup in mono-crop agricultural systems) and with higher cropping intensity than what is predicted for the Yen Lap command area with the Sub-Projects are orders of magnitude lower than national or international standards (for example, please see Table 25). Cumulative Environmental Effects of Sub-Project Operation on Surface Water Quality - INSIGNIFICANT While there is some risk that surface water quality in the command area may change significantly as a result of the Sub-Project operation, it is unlikely that this will be the case with water quaiity downstream of the command area. Nutrient and pesticide concentrations will almost certainly change in the surface waters within the Sub- Project, particularly in the dry season. This, however, is unlikely to significantly affect water quality downstream of the command area, in the estuarine and coastal waters of the coastal districts of the command area, because of the dilution of pollutants that would occur. However, the absence of any surface water quality monitoring information means that these predictions are uncertain. It would be prudent to conduct surface water quality monitoring downstream of the command area to confirm the assessments of cumulative impact made above. GROUNDWATER RESOURCES Increased Application of Fertilizers - UNKNOWN The shift in land use to more intensive cron oroduction and Table 23: Estimated incremental inputs of fertilizer required for Yen Lap Sub-Project. Fertilizer Cultivated Areas ha) Predicted Fertilizer Ap lied (t) Land Use Required Current With Increment Current With Increment (tlha)38 ______ Project ______ _____ Project _____ Summer Rice 0.65 5,550 7,072 1,522 3,608 9,194 5,586 Winter Rice 0.65 4,662 6,906 2,244 3,030 8,978 5,948 Maize 0.55 0 1,248 1,248 - 686 686 Sweet Potato 0.55 1,540 1,248 -292 847 686 -161 Vegetable 0.55 2,319 1,248 -1,071 1,275 1,373 97 Total _14,071 17,722 3,651 2,122 20,917 12,156 Table 24: Estimated incremental inputs of pesticides required for Yen Lap Sub-Project. Pesticide Cultivated Area ( a) Predicted Pesticide Aplied (t) Land Use Required Current With Increment Current With Increment __________________ (kgIha),A _ _ __ _ _ Project Project _ _ _ _ _ _ SummerRice 2 5,550 7,072 1,522 11.1 28.3 17.2 Winter Rice 2 4,662 6,906 2,244 9.3 27.6 18.3 Maize 1.2 0 1,248 1,248 0 1.5 1.5 Vegetable 1.2 1,540 1,248 -292 1.8 1.5 -04 Industrial Crop 1.2 2,319 1,248 -1,071 2.8 3.0 0.2 Total 14,071 17,722 3,651 25 61.9 36.8 Table 25: Results of organochlorine pesticide sampling in the 0 Mon Xa No Sub-Project in 2001 dry season. These data were gathered as part of Crd-3198: Mekong Delta Water Resources Project. The agriculture area of 0 Mon Xa No Sub-Project is about 36,000 ha, the cropping intensity is 2.6, and triple cropping is practiced on 78% of the agriculture land. Station Pesticides ~Surface Water Ttl(gI) National Station | Pesticides \ Concentration(Eg/L) Total (gL) St a (gL)rd oxoi DE0050.033 || OX0 | ~HCHg 0°°5 0003 0X02 ~~HCHd 0.015 OX02 HCHg 0.005 0.020 oX03 Parathion 0.024 0.034 ____________DDT 0.0100.3 OX04 ODE 0.020003 5 Quitozen 0.015 0.035 150 OX05 HCHg 0.080 .0 ||0OX05 | HCHd 0.025 0.105 OX06 HCHd 0.020 0.020 HCHd 0.020 0X07 HCHn 0.015 0.035 li0OX08 I DDE I 0.008 | 0.008 1 the increased use of fertilizers may cause shallow groundwater systems to become increasingly eutrophic, but deeper groundwater systems will likely be unaffected. The absence of good groundwater quality baseline information, however, makes assessment of Sub-Project impacts on groundwater resources very difficult. Groundwater quality monitoring is recommended within the Sub-Project to confirm this assessment. Increased Application of Pesticides and Herbicides - UNKNOWN As with the increased use of fertilizers, the shift in land use to more intensive crop production and the likely increased use of pesticides and herbicides may cause shallow groundwater systems to become increasingly contaminated; deeper groundwater systems will likely be unaffected. Successful implementation of IPM extension services recommended above will be able to mitigate this potentially negative impact. However, the absence of good groundwater quality baseline information is a severe constraint that makes this impact prediction somewhat uncertain, and periodic pesticide monitoring in 38 Taken from economic crop budgets contained in final VRWAP PFS Report, Yen Lap Scheme Subproject Modemization. 39 Taken from final VFWAP PFS Report, Yen Lap Scheme Subproject Modernization. 40 Taken from economic crop budgets contained in final VRWAP PFS Report, Yen Lap Scheme Subproject Modemization. shallow groundwater should therefore be a formal part of the overall Sub-Project monitoring program to confirm this prediction. 4.7.2 ImPacts on Biological Resources TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS AND TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY Changes in Land Use - INSIGNIFICANT There will be no conversion of natural terrestrial ecosystems into agricultural land. In addition, because the command area contains no natural terrestrial ecosystems but only what can best be considered as highly modified and simple terrestrial "ecosystems" in the form of agricultural land, any changes in land use to more intensive agriculture will be an Insignificant effect of the Sub-Project on terrestrial ecosystems. AqUATIC ECOSYSTEMS AND AOUATIC BIODIVERSITY Increase in Application of Fertilizers - INSIGNIFICANT Any changes in the eutrophic status of surface waters of the Sub-Project Area caused by increases in fertilizer use (Table 23) as a results of changes in land use and commodity production (Table 14, Page 17) may negatively affect the integrity of the aquatic ecosystems of the Sub-Project. However, because the surface water quality of the Sub-Project is already or close to eutrophic (Section 3.2.5, Page 22), it is expected that the predicted level of incremental fertilizer use will nof substantially change the water quality status of the Sub-Project. This is likely also the case with respect to impacts on aquatic ecosystems and this impact is therefore assessed as Insignificant. Application of Herbicides and Pesticides - MITIGABLE The application of pesticides and herbicides will increase with implementation of the Sub-Project (Table 24, Page 50). There is an extensive world literature on the effects of biocides on aquatic resources. There have been no monitoring programs or even surveys of bioaccumulation of biocides in aquatic resources in the Sub-Project Area and so predictions of the magnitude of any impacts of biocides on aquatic resources in the Sub-Project are difficult to make given the absence of baseline data, although first effects would likely be seen as bioaccumulation. Mitigation and monitoring recommendations made above pertaining to provision of extension services for pesticide use and IPM apply here as well and would likely mitigate any negative effects on aquatic ecosystems. It would be also be prudent to conduct a very modest amount of effects monitoring for possible bioaccumulation in aquatic resources with the Sub-Project. Cumulative Environmental Effects of Sub-Project Operation Activities on Aquatic Ecosystems - Effects on aquatic ecosystems downstream of the command area would be indirect and meditated through changes in surface water quality. As the effects of the Sub-Project on surface water quality outside of the Sub-Project are assessed to be likely insignificant (see above), it is also likely that the impacts of the Sub-Project on aquatic ecosystems downstream of the command area will also be significant. Again, however, the absence of any surface water quality or aquatic resources monitoring information means that these predictions are essentially uncertain. The recommended surface water quality monitoring downstream of the command area will enable these assessments of insignificant cumulative impact to be confirmed. 4.7.3 Impacts on Socioeconomic Resources DOMNESTIC AND DRINKING WATER SUPPLY AND QUALITY Increased Supply of Domestic and Drinking Water - POSITIVE The Sub-Project will provide a reliable supply of drinking water to 30,000 rural residents and residents of Yen Hung and Hoanh Bo Districts, Uong Bi Town, Ha Long City and Cat Hai District (in Hai Phong City). Increased Use of Fertilizer and Pesticide - MITIGABLE Degradation of groundwater resources that may occur as a result of increased application of fertilizer and pesticides may negatively affect domestic and drinking water quality. Sub-Project effects on drinking and domestic water quality will depend on the source of water used for drinking and domestic water: * Those households that rely on deep groundwater aquifers for drinking and domestic water supply will almost certainly be unaffected by any Sub-Project activities because the deepness of the wells and their relative disconnectedness of these aquifers from the surface situation; while * Those households that relv on shallow aroundwater aouifers for drinkina and domestir wqter s;inniv mxv be affected by the Sub-Project. Potential impacts are increases in pesticide contamination. Successful application of IPM extension services will ameliorate any negative effects of increased application of chemical inputs to domestic and drinking water quality. The effects monitoring recommended for groundwater resources (Section 4.6.1, Page 49) will enable confirmation of these assessments and of the success of the IPM extension services. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCE HARVESTING It is expected that any positive or negative changes in the status of biological resources within the Sub-Project will have similar effects on the levels of biological resource harvesting. The provision of additional aquatic ecosystems through increases and increases in canal area should improve resource harvesting. Decreases in surface water quality may have some effect on biological resources which would adversely affect biological resource harvesting by local households. No mitigation or monitoring additional to what is recommended for effects on aquatic resources (Section 4.7.2, Page 51) is recommended. 4.8 Main Conclusions of Impact Assessment The following are the main conclusions of the impact assessment of the Yen Lap Sub-Project: . the Yen Lap Sub-Project is environmentally feasible. The Sub-Project will have a number of significant positive benefits: - Increase in beneficiary income and reduction of poverty throughout the command area through improved and reliable water supply for agricultural production and domestic use; and - Increases in employment and labor in a region with very high levels of unemployment and underemployment. . All of the potentially significant environmental impacts identified in the impact assessment can be mitigated and they are described below in Chapter 6: Environmental Management Plan. . These conclusions apply to both phases of investments for the Yen Lap Sub-Project: (i) first phase of investments consisting of headworks, main and primary canals and the two pilot areas that consist of secondary, tertiary and on-farm canal systems off the main and primary canals and which contain a total of about 20% of the total command area; and (ii) the remaining 80% of the command area. . At this stage of VWRAP design, it is expected that no separate environmental assessment will be required for the second phase of investments; . The programmatic framework for the environmental component of the second phase of investments needs to consist of a detailed design of the Environmental Management Plan (Chapter 5) for the remaining 80% of the command area based on the findings of the environmental management program for the first phase of investments and the actual engineering works in the second phase of investments; and . The detailed design of the Environmental Management Plan (Chapter 5) for the remaining 80% of the command area should be done concomitant with the detailed technical and engineering design for the second phase of investments. 4.8.1 Summary of Bank Operational Policies in Re2ards to Yen Lap Sub-Project A summary of the IDA operational policies in regards to the Yen Lap Sub-Project is provided in Table 26. Table 26: Application of IDA Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies to Yen Lap Sub-Project. Bank Operational Summary of Assessment and Rationale Recommendations Policy l While Yen Lap Sub-Project is classified as Category A, requiring a full- scale impact assessment, the results of this EIA indicate that the scale OP 4.01 - and magnitude of the expected environmental impacts of the Yen Lap Environmental Sub-Project are more like that of a Category 8 project. Environmental . Implement Yen Lap Sub-Project Assessment- impacts of the Yen Lap Sub-Project are site-specific, none are Environmental Management Plan irreversible: very few direct impacts are on environmentally important Triggered areas such as wetlands, forests, or other natural habitats, all are preventable, and mitigation measures have been designed for all possible environmental impacts i* no impacts predicted for Yen Lap Reservoir watershed, where all of the intact natural terrestrial habitats of the Sub-Project Area occur. . Monitoring of water quality in estuanne * There will be loss of natural habitats on Song Khoai Hill from excavation areas of Yen Hung Distnct is recommended OP 4.04 - of soil to be used as earth-fill. as part of environmental effects monitoring lNatura Habitats . There will be loss of natural habitats in the Yen Lap Watershed program Natural a as Protection Forest from the construction of the emergency spillway * Environmental review of provincial - Triggered * Yen Lap Sub-Project will provide increased water supply to an aquaculture program to advise Quang Ninh expanding provincial coastal aquaculture program which itself was not Province on guidelines for ensuring coastal assessed for possible environmental impacts. There may be a nsk of aquaculture is environmentally sustainable losing coastal wetland resources OP 4.36 - * 10 ha of Yen Lap Watershed Protection Forest will be lost as a result of W reforestation of 20 ha within Yen Lap Forestry construction of the new emergency spillway compensation Tl iered . Mitigation recommended against any possible loss of or damage to nationally or l OPN 11.03 - * impacts are assessed as Unknown because, while the exact location Of locally designated cultural and historical OPN 11.03- the eah of theculturaland histdc sitesin the Sb-Projesitesknbyn adjustingdj theig sitingiiof oub-b-roject Cultural Property the each of the cultural and histoic sites in the Sub- roject Is known, civil works; to be incorporated into the - Trigered he loation f theSub-Pojectactiviies lsted bove i not et knwn in detailed design of the physical works detail. * terms and conditions be included in construction contracts to ensure integrty of these historical and cultural resources OP 4.12 - . Resettlement and Compensation Action Involuntary * while there is no requirement for resettlement, there is a requirement to P rettlem an p ensat Action Resettlement - pay compensation for permanent and temporary land acquisition Project feasibility study Triggered _ OP 4.20 - v There are no nembers of recognized ethnic minority groups living in the command area of the Yen Lap Sub-Project Indigenous v While a substantial number of residents in the Yen Lap Reservoir catchment area belong to a recognized ethnic minority Peoples - Not group, there will be not Sub-Project activities taking place in the Yen Lap Reservoir catchment and there assessed to be no Triggered Sub-Project activities that will have any direct or indirect effects on the environmental resources of the catchment. OP 4.37 - Safety * Upgrading Yen Lap Dam safety a major component of first investment phase. Specific engineering works are provided for oftDams - increasing dam safety triggered * It is estimated that an additional 37 t of pesticides and herbicides will be . Both mitigation and monitorng are required annually for the entire Sub-Project over and above estimates of recommended. With respect to mitigation, current pesticide and herbicide application. This is about a 147% IPM extension services should conbnue to OP 4.03 - increase over estimated current pesticide and herbicide use throughout be provided to Sub-Project beneficiaries as Pesticide the Sub-Project. This impact is assessed as Unknown but potentially a part of the Sub-Project in accordance with Management - Significant without mitigation or monitoring. Existing baseline the requirements of IDA OP 4.03. Extension Triggered information on pesticide concentrations in the Sub-Project environment services should include topics of is non-existent and so current conditions can not be estimated, but the appropriate selection and application of expected increase is substantial, particularly as 45% of Sub-Project biocides as well as basic techniques of and beneficiaries have not yet received training in IPM methods. approaches to IPM. OP 7.60- Projects in * Not triggered as none of the Sub-Project Area or the area of influence of the Sub-Project is part of a territory whose Disputed Areas - jurisdiction is disputed by another country Not Triggered * Not triggered as: OP 7.50 - - None of the water bodies associated with the Yen Lap Sub-Project form a boundary between, or flow through the International territory of another country; - None of the water bodies associated vith the Yen Lap Sub-Project are a any trbutary or component of any waterway Waterways- Not described above; and Triggered - None of the water bodies associated with the Yen Lap Sub-Project are recognized as a necessary channel of l_________________ communication between the open sea and other states countres or of any river flowinq into such waters. 5: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT This Chapter presents the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the Yen Lap Sub-Project. The purpose of the Yen Lap EMP is to provide clear guidance on how to ensure the Sub-Project: o complies with Vietnamese environmental laws, environmental commitments, and IDA environment policies throughout pre-construction, construction, and operation phases; * employs a suitable organizational framework for environmental protection throughout pre-construction, construction, and operation; o manages and monitors mitigation measures described in the MoNRE and IDA-approved EIA report, o can provide emergency response mechanisms to unanticipated environmental issues; o allocates appropriate financial resources to implement the EMP; and undertakes the transition in environmental management and protection from the first to the second phase of investments. To achieve these objectives, the EMP contains: o the Vietnamese legal and administrative framework under which the EIA will be approved and the EMP wiil be implemented; • IDA's EIA approval requirements; o significant adverse environment impacts that are anticipated in all phases of the first and second phase of investments - pre-construction; construction; and operation - and a mitigation program for impact avoidance, minimization, rectification, or compensation; o a program to monitor the performance and effectiveness of the mitigation program; * a monitoring program to assess the overall environmental effects of the Sub-Project on the environmental resources of the Sub-Project area and the associated area of influence; o An organizational framework for the effective implementation of the mitigation and monitoring programs, including: collection of environmental information related to the Sub-Project, management, and reporting; project management decisions on the environment; implementation of project management decisions; and external review of EMP activities. This organizational framework contains implementation arrangements, implementation schedule, and responsibilities for the EMP; o EMP reporting requirements; o a programmatic framework which specifies how the specific mitigation and monitoring activities associated with the second phase of investments are to be designed in detail and implemented during overall VWRAP implementation: ° cost estimates for each component of the EMP; * requirements for technical assistance to support implementation of the Environmental Management Plan including supervision of mitigation and monitoring and training. The EMP is the "master document" from which all other environment-related project documents and actions are guided. This includes construction method statements, tender documents, contractor specifications, general conditions of construction contract, site environmental management plans, ToRs for environmental specialists, and allocation of budgets for environmental protection and monitoring. If an ambiguity exists on how to deal with environmental issues in any project documents or activities, the EMP shall serve as the authoritative reference document. Any major changes to the Project or the legal and administrative frameworks that it operates under may require that MARD provide addenda to the EMP. These addenda should be reviewed and approved by MoNRE. 5.1 Vietnamese Legal and Administrative Framework 5.1.1 The Legal Framework for Environmental Nlana2ement Viet Nam's framework for environmental management continues to rapidly evolve, with new policies being produced every year. This section introduces the Viet Nam's relevant environmental polices. Law on Protection of the Environment (LEP) was enacted in 1993. The LEP: - Identifies the responsibilities of the state centre, provinces, organizations and individuals to prevent and remedy environmental deterioration and pollution and carry out specified environmental protection fi ,nr*i,nnc assessment reports on new and existing facilities; - Provides for responsible parties to pay compensation for environmental damage; - Establishes the right of individuals and organizations to petition for enforcement of environmental regulations; - Calls for civil and criminal penalties for violations; and - Encourages international environmental co-operation. Decree 1751CP was promulgated in 1994 to guide implementation of the LEP and provides broad guidelines for division of responsibility among Ministries; environmental impact assessments; pollution prevention and disaster control; sources of finance; and environmental inspections and standards. Circular No. 490 was promulgated in 1998 to provide guidance on setting up and appraising environmental impact assessment reports for investment projects. The Circular identifies the legal requirements according to the stages of implementation of a project and its category; defines the content of project subject to the EIA procedures; and specifies management of the EIA report appraisal. To supplement the above poli,ies a large range of decisions, regulations, and standards may also be considered: Decree 24/20001ND-C specifies the implementation on the Law on Foreign Investment in Viet Nam (Article 82) concerning environmental protection as follows: 1) enterprises with foreign investment capital and joint ventures are obligated to observe regulations, satisfy standards in environment protection, and comply with Vietnam legislation on environment protection; 2) if investors apply international advanced environmental standards these standards should be registered with MoNRE. Resolution No. 5/1997/QH10 identifies projects of national importance to be approved and decided by the National Assembly (Provision 2, Article 2) as 'projects which result in major or potentially serious impacts on the environment". For these projects, one of the contents to be submitted to the National Assembly for approval and decision on investment is "fundamental issues that need to be solved in the project implementation: environment protection, population movemenVresettlement..." Decree 5211999/ND-CP was appended to include environmental considerations for construction management as follows: 1) for PFS, Provision 3 of Article 23 stipulates that requirements for environment study relating to the "selection of construction sites, estimation of land use area needed, in ways which comply to the principle of minimizing land use and environmental and social impacts, and resettlement to the lowest possible level". 2) Provisions 4 and 7 of Article 24 stipulate that FS must propose 'specific site options (or regions, routes) which much match with construction plans (including documents on site selection, together with proposed solutions for minimizing environmental and social impacts)," and "architectural alternatives, construction solutions, preliminar/ designs suggested for selection, environment management and protection solutions". 3) For technical design: Section B. Provision 1, Article 37 and Section A, Provision 2, Article 38, contain regulations on appraisal and approval of "techniques for the protection of environment and ecology; for prevention and combating of explosion and fire and for occupational safety and industrial sanitation." Decree 26/1996/CP provides regulations on the punishment of administrative violation of Environmental Protection Law. Chapter 1 describes the general provisions for punishment under the Environment Protection Law. Chapter 2, Article 6 details recommended punishments for parties who violate environmental pollution and prevention act. These punishments include financial penaEties for not submitting an EIA report. Tieu Chaun Viet Nam (TCVN) are national standards established by MoNRE and applied to all government agencies. They include engineering, construction, scientific, and environmental standards. The environmental standards include acceptable limits of many air, noise, and water quality parameters. in general, the list of biophysical parameters is broad enough such that most monitoring programs can employ TCVN standards as metrics of evaiuation. There are some exceptions - of most importance to the Yen Lap Sub-Project, sediment, soil, and vibration standards do not yet exist. Most TCVN standards are direct translations of ISO standards. 5.1.2 The Administrative Framework for Environmental Management The country's administrative framework is undergoing substantial restructuring. The Government of Viet Nam is in the process of creating a new administrative framework for environmental management. For the Yen Lap Sub- Project, the framework's relevant institutions are as follows: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE). MONRE was established by a Prime Ministerial Decision on November 11, 2002. This new ministry will include four vice-ministers and 16 departments. The now MnNPQ- will msjrnp ni mmrn, cz r1ar)n:rfrrnfz from Cas/rrol no;nb cro^rk- "Ior -seh^.IW-4 ; -A 9112002/ND-CP: Providing for the functions, duties, powers and organizational structure of the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment. Environmental Impact Assessment and Appraisal Department. This Department is under MoNRE. According to Decree 91/2002/ND-CP, the Department's function includes: To appraise environmental impact assessment reports of projects and of business and production establishments; to issue environmental standards; and to carry out uniform management of the issue and revocation of certificates of eligibility of environmental standards in accordance with the law. It is expected that the Environmental Impact Assessment and Appraisal Department will be guided by the Vietnam's established regulatory framework. Provincial Departments of Science, Technology and Environment (MONRE). The Environmental Management Division (EMD) of each provincial MONRE is responsible for ensuring environmental protection and management of provincial matters in accordance with LEP, Decree 175, and Circular 490. The decision to restructure MONREs will likely occur in 2003, after decisions have been made on how to restructure MONRE at the central level. It is expected that regardless as to where EMD is housed, its environmental protection function will remain intact. For this reason, the EMD will likely remain a key partner to the successful monitoring and implementation of the P,roject. 5.1.3 Vietnamese Environmental Requirements The Yen Lap Sub-Project will irrigate 8,320 ha in Quang Ninh Province. Due to the Sub-Project's large irrigation and reservoir area, MARD is required to submit a detailed EIA report to MoNRE's Environmental Impact Assessment and Appraisal Department. The format for the detailed EIA report format is found in Appendix II of CP 175. MARD is required to submit this report with CP 490's Annex IV.I: Application forAppraisalofElA Report. Once the report is received, MoNRE will establish a committee to review and evaluate the project's potential impacts and mitigation measures. The committee traditionally includes MoNRE and/or PC representatives from the affected provinces, senior technical experts from central-level organizations, and selected MoNRE staff. The committee will review the detailed EIA and provide written comments to MoNRE. According to Section III (5) of CP 490, appraisal of the EIA report is due within 60 days of the date a sufficient and eligible document of the EIA report is received by the relevant Government Management Agencies of Environmental Protection. In case that the EIA report is unsatisfactory, the EIA report appraisal agencies have 5 days of the date the EIA report is received to notify the proponent requirements for adjustment or addition. Within 10 days following the date of the EIA report is approved, the relevant appraisal agencies will issue a decision on the approval of the EIA report of a proposed project. The format for a MoNRE decision on EIA reports is found in Annex V of CP 490. An original copy of this decision is the cfearest indication that a project has been subject to a legally-sanctioned environmental assessment process. 5.2 IDA Environmental Requirements IDA considers this project as "Category A" ("projects with significant adverse environmental impact'). The EIA will be submitted to the appropriate IDA department for review and to the IDA Board of Directors at least 120 days prior to loan approval. 5.3 Overall Approach to Implementation The implementation of the Yen Lap Sub-Project EMP will follow the implementation of the overall Yen Lap Sub- Project. The Yen Lap Sub-Project will begin with a Detailed Engineering Design (Pre-Construction) Phase for the first phase of investments (i.e., headworks, main and primary canals, pilot areas, and non-agricultural uses of the water resources provided by the Yen Lap Irrigation Scheme), followed by a Construction Phase and an Operational Phase for the first investment phase. At some point during the Construction Phase for the first investment phase, the Detailed Engineering Design Phase will be implemented for the second phase of investments (i.e, the remainder of the command area, exclusive of the pilot areas), followed by the Construction and Operational Phases for this second investment phase. The implementation of the Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan will follow the same pattern. The Detailed Design of the Yen Lap Sub-Project EMP for the first investment phase will be completed at the same time as the Detailed Engineering Design for the first investment phase. The Yen Lap Sub-Project EMP for the first investment phase will then be implemented during the Construction and Operational Phases of the first investment ohase. Similarlv the Detailed Desinn nf thoe Ypn I nn Ciih-Prn-iart PNAP fr)r tha cwornnri n,,tncnn phase will be completed at the same time as the Detailed Engineering Design for the second investment phase based on the overall Yen Lap Sub-Project EMP as outlined in this EIA and the lessons learned and results from the first investment phase. The Yen Lap Sub-Project EMP for the second investment phase will then be implemented during the Construction and Operational Phases of the second investment phase. 5.4 Institutions Responsible for Implementing the Yen Lap EMP The Yen Lap EMP will be implemented within a comprehensive organizational framework under the overall VWRAP Project. VWRAP will engage several ministries, departments, and institutes, it will create a project management unit within MARD in Ha Noi (PMU) and Sub-Project Implementation Units (SIUs) in each province, and there will be numerous linkages between these institutions and numerous other existing institutions at the national, provincial, district, and commune levels4". The following institutions will be responsible for the successful implementation of the Yen Lap Environmental Management Plan: VWRAP PMU - responsible for overall VWRAP implementation management and will contain environmental safeguard staff. VWRAP PMU will be responsible for overall quality assurance of EMP implementation. Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU - staffed by personnel from Quang Ninh DARD and Yen Lap IMC, Yen Lap SIU, and will be responsible for daily implementation activities of the Yen Lap Sub-Project. As a consequence, it will supervise and control the quality of construction and physical implementation of the Yen Lap Sub-Project EMP Vietnamese Environmental Regulators - MoNRE and Quang Ninh MoNRE will be responsible for all regulatory reviews and approvals of the Yen Lap Sub-Project in accordance with the national legal framework for environmental protection and management. Quang Ninh Provincial Organizations - Other Quang Ninh provincial departments will have important responsibilities such as implementing specific components of the mitigation program (IPM), ensuring their particular safeguards are being properly implemented (i.e. DoCI) and providing supplementary and secondary data to assist in the implementation of the Yen Lap EMP (e.g., land use and commodity production data). IDA - IDA will review the implementation of the EMP. Problems and issues that are identified will be raised to MARD as part of the regular Yen Lap Sub-Project review process. Environmental Safeguard Contractors - An Environmental Safeguard Contractor will be selected from the numerous national environmental consultant organizations in Viet Nam. The Environmental Safeguard Contractor will act as general contractor for primary data collection surveys and for preparation and submission of various compliance and effects monitoring assessment reports. They will also be responsible for undertaking some of the specific mitigation measures for the Yen Lap Sub-Project. Consultant Environmental Specialists - some of the resources of the Design and Supervision Technical Assistance under VWRAP will be used to engage two environmental specialists who will take on substantial implementation tasks for the EMP: (i) the Consultant's international environment specialist; and (ii) the Consultant's national environmental specialist seconded from a nationally-recognized environmental rnanagement inslitution. The secondment could be in the form of a fixed-term, renewable contract during pre- construction, construction, and operation phases. It is expected that the services of the Consultant's international environment specialist will be required for VWRAP implementation until the completion of the Detailed Design of the Yen Lap EMP for the second phase of investments, at which time sufficient training and capacity building will have been given that remaining institutions and personnel will be able to implement the remainder of the Yen Lap Sub-Project EMP. In this EMP, it is assumed that the Detailed Engineering Design for the second investment phase will occur in the third year of Yen Lap Sub-Project implementation. 5.5 Environmental Mitigation Program for Yen Lap Sub-Proiect Table 31, Page 74, contains the environmental mitigation program for the Yen Lap Sub-Project, based on the assessment of environmental impacts contained in Chapter 4: Impact Assessment. Table 31 is organized according to the different phases of the Sub-Project - pre-construction, construction, and operation - for each of the two investment phases. 41 This assumes a decentralized modality for Sub-Project implementation and will need to be modified if a more traditional, centralized modality for Sub-Project imDlementation is selected, Under either modality. VWRAP PMU can be ei1her CPO or 5.6 Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Program for Yen Lap Sub-Project The Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Program is designed to determine if the environmental mitigation measures for the Sub-Project (Table 31) are being implemented properly and are having the intended effects of avoiding, limiting, or rectifying negative environmental impacts. If mitigation compliance monitoring indicates that mitigation measures are not being implemented effectively or are not being effective, the appropriate responsible institutions will need to take corrective action. Table 32, Page 80, describes the Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Program for the Yen Lap Sub-Project. 5.7 Environmental Effects Nlonitoring Program for Yen Lap Sub-Project The Environmental Effects Monitoring Program for the Yen Lap Sub-Project will measure ambient biotic and abiotic indicators of Sub-Project activities on the environmental resources of the Sub-Project Area and the associated area of influence. Chapter 4: Impact Assessment describes a number of instances in which it is necessary to monitoring environmental conditions to determine if the Sub-Project is having any effects on the environment and the magnitude of those effects. The results of the Environmental Effects Monitoring Program will be used, if necessary, to modify the Sub-Project design or implementation to reduce unexpected environmental impacts and to confirm the predictions about Sub-Project environmental impacts made in this EIA. Table 33, Page 82, describes the Environmental Effects Monitoring Program for the Yen Lap Sub-Project. 5.8 Reportin2 Requirements for Yen Lap EMP Table 27 summarizes the reporting requirements for the Yen Lap Sub-Project and the institutional responsibilities for preparing these reports. All annual reports produced as part of the Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan will be required to contain: An assessment of the success of mitigation activities (in the case of Sub-Project performance monitoring) or an assessment of the actual environmental effects of Sub-Project implementation in comparison to predictions made in the original EIA (in the case of environmental effects monitoring); An explicit assessment as to whether the existing EMP framework is sufficient or not; and o If it is concluded that the existing EMP framework is not sufficient, a description of the reasons why it is not sufficient and a detailed set of recommendations for re-design of the EMP framework, complete with revisions to data and information to be gathered, data analysis to be performed, reporting, and budgets. The technical and planning reports (Table 27) will be supported by a broad range of administrative policies and contractual agreements. They include but are not restricted to: o Inception reports; o terms of reference; • contractor specifications for environmental protection and mitigation; . general Conditions of Contract for protection of the environment; and • site Environmental Management Plans produced by construction contractors. Both the VWRAP PMU Environmental Specialist, on behalf of the VWRAP PMU, and the Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU will keep an electronic and paper library of all EMP planning, technical, and administrative reports produced by the Sub-Project. This information will be organized in a way that will be readily available for regulators, donors, government agencies, and other Sub-Project stakeholders as required. 5.9 Organizational Framework for lmplementing the Yen Lap EMP 5.9.1 Kev Features of Organizational Framework The organizational framework for the Yen Lap Sub-Project EMP that is outlined in detail below: . works within the Sub-Project's overall organizational framework; . works within the practical human resource constraints of environmental management capacity in Viet Nam; - explicitly accounts for all aspects of what is required in successfully implementing the Environmental Nolnnnnr"oont 01pn. inf-rn #oti- rCt:;N A ------ - i D r-- n .X:--_- _- Table 27: Reporting requirements for the Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan. Report |Responsibility for Preparation | Frequency | I_~nstitutions for Review and l Reports Prepared Once Durinq EMP ImplementationI Environmental Review of Yen Hung Coastal Environmental Safeguard .VWRAP PMU. MARD, IDA, Guangl Aquaculture Program and Environmental Conviraormna Suporedyc onls ulan VWRAP implemnentation Ninh DoFt, Quang Ninh MoNRE, l Reforestation Feasibility Study for Yen Lap Ouang Ninh DARD supported by Prepared during first year of VWvRAP PMU. MARD, IDA, Quangl atershed Protection Forest Hoanh Bo District FPD VWRAP implementation Ninh MoNRE, MoNRE Detailed Design Document for Yen Lap Sub- Consultant Environmental Once, during first year of Yen Lap SIU, VWRAP PMU, IDA, roject Environmental Management Plan: Specialists, supported by VWRAP implementation, prior MARD, MoNRE, Quang Ninh First Investment Phase Environmental Safeguard Contractors to initiation of construction MoNRE ____ ___ ____ ___ ____ ___ ____ ___ and Y en Lap SIU_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ etailed Design Document for Yen Lap Sub- Environmental Safeguard Once, in year immediately Yen Lap SIU, VWRAP PMU, IDA, Droiect EnvironmentaD Management lapu Contractor, supported by Consultant pror to implementation of MARDp MoNRE, Quang Ninh econd Investment Phase Environmental Specialists and Yen investments in remaining 80% MoNR, M Lap SIU of command area anal Lining Schedule and Detailed Once, during first year of Quang Ninh PPC, VWRAP PMU, Implementation Plan: First Investment Phase Yen Lap SIU VWRAP implementation, prior IDA, MARD, MoNRE, affected to inftiation of construction communes and villages anal Lining Schedule and Detailed Once, in year immediately Quang Ninh PPC, WRAP PMU, Implementation Plan: Second Investment Yen Lap SIU pror to implementation of IDA, MARD, MoNRE, affected Phase ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~investments in remaining 80%comnsadvlge ___________________________________ of command area c Ordnance Survey and Treatment Completcn Once, during first year of Quang Ninh PPC, VWRAP PMU, Report for First Investment Phase Ministry of Defence Contractor VWRAP implementation, prior IDA, MARD, MoNRE, affected to initiation of construction communes and villages Once, in year immediately Quang Ninh PPC, VWRAP PMU, rdnance Survey and Treatment Completion Ministry of Defence Contractor pror to initiation of IDAu MARDI MoNRE, affected P Report for Second Investment Phase construction in remaining 80% communes and villagesce of command area c Regular Reports During EMP Implementation nnual Report on Implementation of Coastal Selected Provincial Agency with Annual for each year that Yen Lap SIU, VWRAP PMU, IDA, quaculture Environmental Management assigned responsibility for coastal coastal aquaculture EMP is MARD, MoNRE, Quang Ninh Plan aquaculture EMP implemented MoNRE nnual Report on Implementation of Hoanh Bo District FPD supported by Annual for each year of Yen Lap SIU Reforestation in Yen Lap Watershed Quang Ninh DARD reforestation program l Protection Forest I_________________________ ______________________________ Annual Report on Implementation of IPM Annual for each year that PM iProgram in Command Area Communes Quang Ninh DARD program extension services Yen Lap SIUl are provided Yen Lap Sub-Project Mitigation Compliance Environmental Safeguard Prog ress Report Contractor supported by Consultant Monthly Yen Lap SIU Environmental Specialists 11 Environmental Safeguard Contractor, supported by Consultant , p l en Lap Sub-Project Environmental Environmental Specialists for first Annual during construction eARDL MoNRE, Cuang Ninh I Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Report three years, and supported by Yen period MoNRE Lap SIU throughout Sub-Project implementation Yen Lap Sub-Proect Environmental Effects Environmental Safeguard Yen Lap SIU, VVRAP PMU, IDA, blonitoring Progress Repon Contractor supported by Consullaist Six months into each year MARD, MoNRE, Quang Ninh Monitoring Progress ReportEnvironmental Specialists _____________MoNRE Consultant Environmental en Lap Sub-Project Environmental Specialists, supported by Management Repor, integrating all results Environmental Safeguard Contracor Annual, beginning with pre- Yen Lap SIU, VWRAP PMU, IDA, rom Yen Lap Sub-Project EMP (mitigation, for first three years and construcbion of first phase of MARD, MoNRE, Quang Ninh itigation compliance monitoring, and Environmental Safeguard .iMoNRE nvironmental effects monitoring) into a Contractor supported by Consultant Investments ingle annual report Environmental Specialists for remainder of implementation Periodic Reports Required As Needed Consultant Environmental echnical Design of Revised Yen Lap Sub- Specialists, supported by Required every time IDA, Yen Lap SIU, VWRAP PMU, PecthEnvironmental Desin iedent i uPlan Environmental Safeguard Contractor. modification of EMP is MARD, MoNRE, Quang Ninh Project Environmental Management Plan and Yen Lap SIU, depending on required MoNRE nature of redesign that is required management decisions on the environment, and implementation of EMP management decisions; uses existing procedures within the GoVN and between the GoVN and IDA that are already in place for reviewing and approving modifications to the Environmental Management Plan that are required in the case of Sub-Project design modifications or strengthening of existing mitigation and monitoring programs (see below); * ensures that the reporting that is done as part of Environmental Management Plan implementation includes information that is needed by MARD, other concerned national agencies, and IDA to make decisions regarding the need for revisions to the Environmental Management Plan as may be required for the second phase of investments. 5.9.2 Institutional Responsibilities for ENIP Implementation during Pre-Construction Phases The Pre-Construction Phase will essentially be the detailed design phase for the first phase of investments. Unless otherwise noted, all responsibilities detailed below apply to both pre-construction phases, i.e., for both the first and second investment phases. VWRAP PMU VWRAP PMU will have overall responsibility for successful implementation of environmental management activities. VWRAP PMU will make management decisions that support effective implementation of the EMP; this will include: approving ToRs, bidding documents, and contracts for the Environmental Safeguard Contractors, including the environmental review of provincial aquaculture program; efficiently manage the reviews of the following documents and ensure they are approved in a timely manner: - Environmental Review of Yen Hung Coastal Aquaculture Program and Environmental Action Plan (1St investment phase); - Reforestation Feasibility Study for Yen Lap Watershed Protection Forest (1st investment phase); - Canal Lining implementation Plans - Detailed Design Documents for Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan: First and Second Investment Phases - Set of terms and conditions for environmental mitigation to be included in construction contracts - Pre-Construction Phase Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Report (to serve as environmental baseline); and o Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation). YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT SIU The responsibilities of the Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU in the Pre-Construction Phase will be to: o review and approve the following environmental documents prepared during the pre-construction phases: - Detailed Design Documents for Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan: First and Second Investment Phases - Pre-Construction Phase Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Report (to serve as environmental baseline) o Implement the Yen Lap Sub-Project RAP and EMOP; in consultation with Quang Ninh DARD, Yen Lap IMC, and the districts and communes with jurisdiction in the pilot areas of the Yen Lap Sub-Project develop a canal lining program that has the signed agreement of all these stakeholders and prepare Canal Lining Implementation Plans; * Prepare Terms of Reference for Ministry of Defence contractors for survey and treatment of UXO; . Prepare terms and conditions to include in construction contracts: - Environmental management of construction camps - Canal lining (to be taken from approved canal lining implementation plans) - Minimization of effects of construction activities on local residents - Avoidance of cultural and historic sites - Minimization of effects of dredged and excavated soils * Work with the Environmental Safeguard Contractor to prepare environmental mitigation compliance monitoring report formats and reporting procedures; -l - ,A - . , . ;- I t-, - - :- I - ; A - - - 1;- - - -* - - -_ - _ X I _ _ 1: _ - _- #t; _ [7 . . ': , I _ -I - _ , . _ -I - , required to complete the environmental baseline for the Yen Lap Sub-Project area and the associated area of influence; and o Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation). QUANG NINH PROVINCIAL ORGANIZATIONS The responsibilities of the Quang Ninh Provincial Departments in the Pre-Construction Phase will be to: o review and approve the following environmental documents prepared during the pre-construction phases: - Environmental Review of Yen Hung Coastal Aquaculture Program and Environmental Action Plan (Quang Ninh PPC, Quang Ninh MoNRE) (1st investment phase) - Reforestation Feasibility Study for Yen Lap Watershed Protection Forest (Quang Ninh PPC, Quang Ninh DARD) (15t investment phase) - Canal Lining Implementation Plans (Quang Ninh PPC, Quang Ninh MoNRE, Quang Ninh DARD) - Detailed Design Documents for Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan: First and Second Investment Phases (MoNRE); - Pre-Construction Phase Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Report (to serve as environmental baseline) (MoNRE) o participate in the Yen Lap Sub-Project EIA approval process; X serve as executing agency (MoNRE) and implementing agency (DoFI) for the environmental review of coastal aquaculture in Yen Hung District (1st investment phase); o serve as executing agency (Quang Ninh MoNRE) and implementing agency (Quang Ninh DARD) for the Reforestation Feasibility Study for Yen Lap Watershed Protection Forest (1st investment phase); o provide physical, biological, and socioeconomic information to the Environmental Safeguard Contractors and Consultant Environmental Specialist as required to complete the environmental baseline for the Yen Lap Sub-Project area and the associated area of influence (DARD, DoNRE, others); o advise MoNRE on any environmental concerns regarding project design, construction, and operation (MoNRE); and o Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation). CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS Construction contractors will commit to all proposed environmental protection and mitigation measures in key construction documents: general conditions of contract, contractor specifications, conditions of contract, etc. They will draft method statements for the Site EMP and any other relevant environmental protection measures and submit to the Yen Lap SIU for approval. ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARD CONTRACTORS Environmental Safeguard Contractor responsibilities during the Pre-Construction Phase will include: * conducting the environmental review of the coastal aquaculture program in Yen Hung District under the direction of Quang Ninh MoNRE (executing agency) Quang Ninh DoFI (implementing agency) (ISt investment phase); * providing technical support to the Consultant Environmental Specialists in preparing both Detailed Design Documents for Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan: First and Second Investment Phases; o providing technical support to the Consultant Environmental Specialists in the preparation of the Pre- Construction Phase Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Report (to serve as environmental baseline) for review and approval (Ist investment phase); o conducting the Pre-Construction Phase information gathering according to the Detailed Design Document; o conducting the following activities: - designing and establishing environmental monitoring database information and reporting system for the Yen Lap Sub-Project - designing environmental reporting structures and formats, including environmental mitigation compliance monitoring report formats and reporting procedures; and . Participating in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation). CONSULTANT ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALISTS The Consultant Environmental Specialists will verify as to whether or not major design changes have occurred since GoVN and IDA approval of the EIA report. If major design changes have occurred, then these changes will need environmental approval from GoVN and IDA. The Consultant Environmental Specialists will also: * Prepare a detailed Inception Report for all aspects of the consulting assignment, including a detailed training and capacity building program; Assist VWRAP PMU to prepare and finalize the following ToRs for the Environmental Safeguard Contractor: - Environmental review of coastal aquaculture program in Yen Hung District 5lst investment phase) - Reforesation Feasibility Study for Yen Lap Watershed Protection Forest (11 investment phase) - Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring of construction contracts - Environmental effects monitoring for effects of coastal aquaculture in Yen Hung District - Reforestation success in Yen Lap Watershed Protection Forest; - Environmental effects monitoring for effects of sedimentation, erosion, fertilizer, and pesticide application Prepare both Detailed Design Documents for Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan: First and Second Investment Phases for review and approval; o supervise Pre-Construction Phase information gathering according to the Detailed Design Document (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation); o provide assistance to the Environmental Safeguard Contractors (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation) in: - designing and establishing environmental monitoring database information and reporting system for the Yen Lap Sub-Project; - designing environmental reporting structures and formats, including environmental mitigation compliance monitoring report formats and reporting procedures o Provide technical assistance to Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU in finalizing environmental terms and conditions for construction contracts: - Environmental management of construction camps - Canal lining (to be taken from approved canal lining implementation plans) - Minimization of effects of construction activities on local residents - Avoidance of cultural and historic sites - Minimization of effects of dredged and excavated soils; preparing and submitting the Pre-Construction Phase Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Report (to serve as environmental baseline) for review and approval (11t investment phase); and . conducting environmental training programs for VWRAP PMU, Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU, Quang Ninh Provincial Organizations, and Environmental Safeguard Contractors (see Section 5.11, Page 66) (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation). 5.9.3 Institutional Responsibilities for EMP Implementation during Construction Phases Unless otherwise noted, all responsibilities detailed below apply to both construction phases, i.e., for both the first and second investment phases. VWRAP PMvlU The responsibilities of the VWRAP PMU in the Construction Phases will be to: o efficiently manage the reviews with national environmental regulators, MARD, and GoVN of the following documents and ensure they are approved in a timely manner: - Annual Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Report, integrating all results from Yen Lap Sub-Project EMP (mitigation, mitigation compliance monitoring, and environmental effects monitoring) into a single annual report o If necessary efficiently manage the review and approval by national environmental regulators, MARD, and GoVN of technical modifications to the Yen Lap EMP if required (please see Section 5.12, Page 67); and o Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation). YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT SIU The responsibilities of the Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU in the Construction Phases will be to: * Supervise the program for survey and treatment of UXO by the Ministry of Defence contractors; * Assist the Environmental Safeguard Contractor in conducting environmental mitigation monitoring activities; o provide Sub-Project construction progress information to the Environmental Safeguard Contractors and Consultant Environmental Specialist as required to complete the annual monitoring reports; e review and approve the following environmental documents prepared during the construction phases: - Ordnance Survey and Treatment Completion Reports - Monthly Yen Lap Sub-Project Mitigation Compliance Progress Reports - Annual Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Report - Annual Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Report, integrating all results from Yen Lap Sub-Project EMP (mitigation, mitigation compliance monitoring, and environmental effects monitoring) into a single annual report o Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation). QUANG NilNH PROVINCIAL ORGANIZATIONS The responsibilities of Quang Ninh Provincial Organizations in the Construction Phases will be to: o implement the Environmental Action Plan for coastal aquaculture in Yen Hung District (implementing agency to be selected during preparation of environmental review, but candidate organizations are Quang Ninh MoNRE, DARD, or DoFI); o implement the reforestation program for the Yen Lap Watershed Protection Forest (mitigation for loss of watershed protection forest with emergency spillway (Hoanh Bo FPD, Quang Ninh DARD); o prepare an implementation plan for the IPM program to be conducted under the Sub-Project and submit to Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU for approval (DARD) o provide physical, biological, and socioeconomic information to the Environmental Safeguard Contractors and Consultant Environmental Specialist as required to complete the annual monitoring reports (DARD, DoNRE, others); * review and approve the following environmental documents prepared during the construction phases: - Annual Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Report (MoNRE) - Annual Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Report (MoNRE) o Participate in environmertal training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation). CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS The responsibility of the construction contractors will be to properly and effectively implement the environmental mitigation terms and conditions contained in their construction contracts. ENVIRONMENTALSAFEGUARD CONTRACTORS The responsibilities of the Environmental Safeguard Contractors in the Construction Phases will be to: Monitor construction contractors during construction activities and report on their compliance with the environmental terms and conditions contained in their contracts; * Prepare the monthly Yen Lap Sub-Project Mitigation Compliance Progress Reports * Prepare the annual Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Report o Conduct the Construction Phase environmental information gathering according to the Detailed Design Document for the following environmental effects monitoring: - Environmental effects of coastal aquaculture in Yen Hung District; - Reforestation success in Yen Lap Watershed Protection Forest; - Water quality effects from erosion, sedimentation, fertilizers, and pesticides. o providing technical support to the Consultant Environmental Specialists in the preparation of the Construction Phase Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Reports (annual) for review and approval (15t investment phase); C - _ :- - -... J_ A_ -- _: A _I-- _:__ - -I - _ ............................ : n1 -r - - ve . _I } _ . . . ... ,. - I _ - . - . Safeguard Contractors in the implementation of their components of the Yen Lap Sub-Project EMP (after Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation); .prepare and submit the Construction Phase Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Reports (annual) for review and approval (after detailed design of EMP for 2nd investment phase); Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation). CONSLULTANT ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALISTS The responsibilities of the Consultant Environmental Specialists in the Construction Phases up to Year 3 of Sub- Project implementation will be to: e Supervise and provide technical assistance to VWRAP PMU, Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU, and Environmental Safeguard Contractors in the implementation of their components of the Yen Lap Sub-Project EMP; o If necessary prepare environmental reviews of technical design modifications and revise the Yen Lap EMP for approval (please see-Section 5.12, Page 67); o prepare and submit the Construction Phase Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Reports (annual) for review and approval; and o conduct environmental training programs for VWRAP PMU, Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU, Quang Ninh Provincial Organizations, and Environmental Safeguard Contractors (see Section 5.1 1, Page 66). 5.9.4 Institutional Responsibilities for EMP Implementation during Operational Phases Unless otherwise noted, all responsibilities detailed below apply to both operational phases, i.e., for both the first and second investment phases. VWRAP PNlU The responsibilities of the VWRAP PMU in the Operational Phases will be to: - efficiently manage the reviews with national environmental regulators, MARD, and GoVN of the following documents and ensure they are approved in a timely manner: - Annual Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Report, integrating all results from Yen Lap Sub-Project EMP (mitigation. mitigation compliance monitoring, and environmental effects monitoring) into a single annual report * If necessary efficiently manage the review and approval by national environmental regulators, MARD, and GoVN of technical modifications to the Yen Lap EMP if required (please see Section 5.12, Page 67); and o Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation). YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT SIU The responsibilities of the Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU in the Operational Phases will be to: o Assist the Environmental Safeguard Contractor in conducting environmental mitigation monitoring activities; o provide Sub-Project operational information to the Environmental Safeguard Contractors and Consultant Environmental Specialist as required to complete the annual monitoring reports; * review and approve the following environmental documents prepared during the operational phases: - Annual Report on Implementation of Coastal Aquaculture Environmental Management Plan - Annual Report on Implementation of Reforestation Program for Yen Lap Watershed Protection Forest; - Annual Report on Implementation of IPM Extension Program - Annual Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Report, integrating all results from Yen Lap Sub-Project EMP (mitigation, mitigation compliance monitoring, and environmental effects monitoring) into a single annual report . Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation). QUANG NINH PROVINCIAL ORGANIZATIONS The responsibilities of Quang Ninh Provincial Organizations in the Operational Phases will be to: . Continue to implement the Environmental Action Plan for coastal aquaculture in Yen Hung District (implementing agency to be selected during preparation of environmental review, but candidate organizations are Quang Ninh MoNRE, DARD, or DoFI); o implement the IPM program to be conducted under the Sub-Project (DARD) * provide physical, biological, and socioeconomic information to the Environmental Safeguard Contractors and Consultant Environmental Specialist as required to complete the annual monitoring reports (DARD, DoNRE, others); o review and approve the following environmental documents prepared during the pre-construction phases: - Annual Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Report (MoNRE) - Annual Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Report (MoNRE) o Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation). ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARD CONTRACTORS The responsibilities of the Environmental Safeguard Contractors in the Operational Phases will be to: o Monitor construction contractors during construction activities and report on their compliance with the environmental terms and conditions contained in their contracts; o Prepare the monthly Yen Lap Sub-Project Mitigation Compliance Progress Reports e Prepare the annual Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Report o Conduct the Operational Phase environmental information gathering according to the Detailed Design Document for the following environmental effects monitoring: - Environmental effects of coastal aquaculture in Yen Hung District; - Reforestation success in Yen Lap Watershed Protection Forest; - Water quality effects from erosion, sedimentation, fertilizers, and pesticides. o providing technical support to the Consultant Environmental Specialists in the preparation of the Operational Phase Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Reports (annual) for review and approval (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation); e Supervise and provide technical assistance to VWRAP PMU, Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU, and Environmental Safeguard Contractors in the implementation of their components of the Yen Lap Sub-Project EMP (after Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation); e prepare and submit the Operational Phase Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Reports (annual) for review and approval (after Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation); o Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation). CONSULTANT ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALISTS The responsibilities of the Consultant Environmental Specialists in the Operational Phases up to Year 3 of Sub- Project implementation will be to: o Supervise and provide technical assistance to VWRAP PMU, Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU, and Environmental Safeguard Contractors in the implementation of their components of the Yen Lap Sub-Project EMP; o If necessary prepare environmental reviews of technical design modifications and revise the Yen Lap EMP for approval (please see Section 5.12, Page 67); o prepare and submit the Operational Phase Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Reports (annual) for review and approval; and * conduct environmental training programs for VWRAP PMU, Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU, Quang Ninh Provincial Organizations, and Environmental Safeguard Contractors (see Section 5.1 1, Page 66). 5.10 Policy Guidelines for Detailed Design: Second Phase of Investments Detailed Design of the Yen Lap EMP for the second phase of investments will proceed as follows: . While no separate and additional environmental assessment is required for the second phase of investments, VWRAP PMU will formally confirm this conclusion prior to the detailed design of the engineering works for the second investment phase and will obtain approval for this from MoNRE, MARD, and IDA. V VWRAP PMU, with the assistance of the Consultant Environmental Specialists, will be responsible for preparing a Detailed Design Document for the Yen Lap Sub-Project: Second Investment Phase. This Detailed Design Document will use the lessons learned from the results of the environmental management of the first investment phase of the Yen Lap Sub-Project and will be prepared concomitant with the detailed technical and engineering design for the second phase of investments. e While no separate and additional environmental assessment is required, consultation with affected groups and communities in the remaining 80% of command areas will be required. This consultation will include, but not be restricted to: - Presenting the results and findings of the environmental management of the first phase of Yen Lap Sub- Project investments to affected groups and communities - Description of engineering works to be implemented in second investment phase, expected environmental effects, and scope of proposed environmental management plan. - Receipt of comments and suggestions from affected groups and communities on environmental issues associated with seconid investment phase and scope of proposed environmental management plan. These will be documented as a consultation record as part of the final detailed design document for the Environmental Management Plan for the second investment phase. • The results of the consultation will be used to prepare a final detailed design document for the Environmental Management Plan for the second investment phase. o VWRAP PMU will submit and obtain approval for the final detailed design document for the second investment phase from MoNRE, MARD, and IDA. • Upon receiving the necessary approvals, VWRAP PMU will be responsible for ensuring that the Environmental Management Plan for the second investment phase of the Yen Lap Sub-Project is implemented according to the detailed design document. 5.11 Trainin2 and Capacity Upgrading Reguirements for EMP Implementation 5.11.1 Evaluation of Environmental Management Capabilities Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU will be comprised of representatives from Quang Ninh DARD and Yen Lap IMC, both of which have received little training in environmental mitigation and project performance monitoring for environmental protection. In particular, Yen Lap IMC has no environmental group in its organization and none of its staff have received any training in environmental mitigation and compliance monitoring42. Extensive capacity building will be required. Environmental Safeguard Contractors Environmental Safeguard Contractors will be selected according to IDA procurement requirements (either CQ or QCBS). There are numerous national consultant organizations in Viet Nam that will be able to demonstrate strong capacity sampling and basic environmental information-gathering. Based on experience with national consultant organizations in previous IDA-financed water resources projects, capacities of these organizations are weaker in the area of analysis and interpretation of data that are gathered, drawing conclusions from the results of the analysis, and developing recommendations about environmental impacts of the Yen Lap Sub-Project for future effects monitoring, as will be required in the reporting for the Yen Lap Sub-Project EMP. VWRAP PMU This will be a new organization and so its capacity for environmental management is unknown at this time. Using CPO as a guide, it is likely that the environmental staff of VWRAP PMU will be very competent in providing coordination of environmental aspects of water resources investment projects, but will have less capability in the areas of analysis and interpretation of data that are gathered, drawing conclusions from the results of the analysis, and developing recommendations about environmental impacts of VWRAP. Government Environmental Regulators MoNRE has received extensive training and capacity building through multi-year donor projects from CIDA, Sida, and now DANIDA43 in EIA, environmental management, environmental protection, and environmental monitoring. Through these very large donor projects, MoNRE has 42 The same is true for other construction supervision organizations operating in Viet Nam that have been consulted as part VWRAP EIA preparation and implementation of other water resources projects (i.e., all VWRAP Sub-Project IMCs and PMB 416, as well as SlO 418 and SIC 419 for the MDWRP). 43For example, CIDA has financed two phases (total of eight years) of the Viet Nam-Canada Environment Project (VCEP), with the National Environmental Agency as the Executing Agency and provincial environmental organizations receiving extensive training in EIA, environmental management, environmental information systems, and urban and industrial nIllb itinn r-.nmrn T ft_l rIlr)A -- I, ;, \/rr ' "wr ; ,- - - - - - - I I IC, I been able to provide extensive training to all provincial MoNREs, including Quang Ninh MoNRE. No training or capacity building for these institutions is required and none is recommended. 5.11.2 Recommended Training and Capacity Building It is expected that the budget for the recommended training and capacity building, below, will be provided by the VWRAP Training and Capacity Building Fund. Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU will receive training and capacity building in the following areas: . preparing and working with terms and conditions to be included in construction contracts. These terms and conditions will include as required responsibility for mitigation and compensation for non-compliance; . for technical supervision staff training on how to conduct civil works monitoring and supervision to ensure environmental mitigation measures are being properly implemented (frequency of monitoring, type of works to be supervised, assessment and reporting); and . preparation of compliance monitoring reports in accordance with the reporting requirements outlined above in Table 27. Also, construction contractors may require training on the proper implementation of the environmental mitigation measures in order to meet the terms and conditions included in their contracts and on the preparation of Site Environmental Management Plans. This training will need to be conducted at field locations with demonstrations of mitigation measures as required. The training will be designed so that technical supervision staff from the construction supervision entities will be able to deliver such training to additional contractors as they are engaged for construction works. Environmental Safeguard Contractors Training and capacity building will be provided in environmental monitoring. This training will focus on detailed design of the environmental monitoring system, including: . specification of environmental impacts; . clear set of indicators or criteria, such as water quality standards, or species richness indices, for example, which are used to evaluate changes in environmental conditions; . preparation of environmental baselines for environmental conditions in the Yen Lap Sub-Project against which changes in environmental conditions may be assessed; . spatial and temporal controls for environmental monitoring to make it possible to ascribe changes in environmental conditions to Sub-Project effects rather than changes in factors unrelated to the Sub- Project; . design for the data gathering or data analysis; * QA/QC; . analysis and presentation of data and results; . development of database information systems; and . reporting structures and formats in accordance with reporting requirements outlined above in above in Table 27. VWRAP PMU Technical assistance will be provided to environment (and other) staff in VWRAP PMU in incorporating the results of environmental management programs (such as the Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan) into water resources project management decision making. Considerable on the job training will be provided through implementation of the environmental components of the Design and Supervision Technical Assistance. 5.12 Requirements for Flexibility and Adaptabilitv in EMP Implementation This Environmental Impact Assessment makes predictions about the environmental impacts of the Yen Lap Sub- Project (Chapter 4) based on existing information and understanding of the environmental and social resources of the Yen Lap Sub-Project Area (Chapter 3) and the engineering works required for the Sub-Project as they are currently defined (Chapter 2). While the assessment concludes that the Yen Lap Sub-Project is environmentally feasible, as with all predictions of environmental impacts, there is some uncertainty in the reliability of these predictions, certainly not so much uncertainty as to not proceed with the Sub-Project, but uncertainty nonetheless. There are a number of sources of this uncertainty: . the actual impacts that occur as a result of Sub-Project implementation may be different than the environmental and social resources of the Sub-Project area; 0 the recommended mitigation measures may not be able to prevent negative environmental impacts; • during Sub-Project implementation, various factors may require Sub-Project design modifications whose environmental impacts are beyond the scope of this EIA; or • the specific engineering works with regards to the second phase of investments are unknown. The organizational framework for the Yen Lap Sub-Project is sufficiently flexible and adaptable to be very responsive to these unexpected situations. It is able to accommodate numerous situations during construction and operation of the Yen Lap Sub-Project as described below. This concept of requiring the organizational framework to be adaptable to changing Sub-Project circumstances is in fact supported by IDA OP 4.01 - Environmental Assessment. Scenario 1: Unexpected Environmental and Socioeconomic Impacts Trigger Sub-Project Design Modifications, Environmental Review of Design Modifications, and Possible Revisions to EMP There may be a need for modifications to the Sub-Project design in order to ameliorate or reduce unexpected environmental and/or socioeconomic impacts that were not predicted in this EIA. There is experience with this type of situation in water resources projects in Viet Nam. In the Mekong Delta Water Resources Project, for example, the South Mang Thit Sub-Project needed re-design as a result of unexpected and negative impacts of using an inappropriate sluice design that had been approved in the Sub-Project FS. If this scenario were to occur at any stage during implementation of the Yen Lap Sub-Project, the institutional arrangements for implementing the Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan (Section 5.9, Page 58) will ensure that: o The new FS that is required for the Sub-Project modifications will include an environmental review of the Sub-Project modifications. This environmental review will include a revision of the Environmental Management Plan if necessary, with adjustment of budgets, sampling regimes, and reporting requirements; and o The new FS for the Sub-Project modifications and the associated environmental review and revised Environmental Management Plan will be reviewed and approved using existing review and approval procedures for feasibility studies and environmental assessments in Viet Nam and between the GoVN and IDA. Existing review and approval procedures are sufficient and adequate44. Scenario 2: Detailed Design of Second Phase of Investments Accompanied by Environmental Review and Possible Revisions to EMP Necessitated by the Investments There will be a requirement to review the detailed design of the second phase of investments for the Yen Lap Sub-Project for environmental effects and, if necessary, modify the Environmental Management Plan. The institutional arrangements for implementing the Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan (Section 5.9, Page 58) will ensure that: a An environmental review will be prepared as part of the detailed design for the second phase of investments for the Yen Lap Sub-Project. This environmental review will examine the lessons learned from monitoring the environmental effects of the first phase of investments; o This environmental review will include a detailed design of the Environmental Management Plan for the second phase of investments, including budgets, sampling regimes, and reporting requirements; and The detailed design for the second phase of investments and the associated environmental review and revised Environmental Management Plan will be reviewed and approved using existing review and approval procedures in Viet Nam and between the GoVN and IDA. As above, existing review and approval procedures are sufficient and adequate. Scenario Situation 3: Review and Possible Revisions to EMP to Strengthen Existing Mitigation and Monitoring Programs Results from implementing the Environmental Management Plan may suggest that there is a need to modify the Environmental Management Plan for one of the following reasons: e Additional mitigation measures are required because the Sub-Project is having unexpected environmental effects that are not predicted in this EIA and these effects can be mitigated by modifying Sub-Project implementation rather than by modifying Sub-Project design; o mitigation measures that were specified in the original Environmental Management Plan are not proving to be effective and need to be strengthened or modified; o mitigation measures that were specified in the original Environmental Management Plan are proving to be too stringent and can be relaxed to improve cost-effectiveness; o the effects monitoring sampling regime needs to be adjusted to better detect impacts of the Sub-Project. Again, there is experience with this type of situation in water resources projects in Viet Nam. In the Mekong Delta Water Resources Project, for example, the water quality monitoring program was adjusted two years into 44 Thp-CP nrnrtr.Hi irpq wprP feiI)Iw ri in tho rp5za nf thP Cn, ith ItAnnn Thi4 , n Project implementation in order to better detect Project impacts downstream of the Project area. If this scenario were to occur at any stage during implementation of the Yen Lap Sub-Project, the institutional arrangements for implementing the Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan (Section 5.9, Page 58) will ensure that: . a revised Environmental Management Plan to suit the revised requirements for environmental protection will be prepared, with adjustment of budgets, sampling regimes, and reporting requirements to suit the new requirements; and * the revised Environmental Management Plan will be reviewed and approved using the existing review and approval procedures in Viet Nam and between the GoVN and IDA. Scenario 4: No Changes Required in EMP Results from implementing the Environmental Management Plan may suggest that no changes are required to the either the Sub-Project design or the Environmental Management Plan itself and the Environmental Management Plan can continue to proceed as designed. 5.13 Costs of Yen Lap Sub-Proiect Environmental Mana2ement Plan The total cost of the Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan is US $236,633, consisting of US $138,586 for the environmental mitigation program and US $98,047 for the environmental mitigation compliance monitoring and environmental effects monitoring programs. Detailed costs are provided in Table 28 and Table 29 for the Environmental Mitigation Programs and the Environmental Monitoring Programs (compliance monitoring and environmental effects monitoring), respectively. Table 30 contains a list of the assumptions made in the preparation of the cost of the Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan. Table 28: Detailed costs and schedule for Environmental Mitigation Program for Yen Lap Sub-Project. Environmental Mitigation Cost Item Units US $ per Unit 12Year of Implementation Total _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3 4 5 6 7 :)NSTRUCTION PHASES__ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ imental Review of Coastal Aquaculture in Yen Hung District..... Naional Safeguard Contractor das60 60 3,600. -- Naioal Sfeguard Con tractor days 50 60 - -30 . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Y2~~~~~~~~~P.~~~~~~~~~9' ~~~~~~~500 1 - ~~cquistion.5RpoTing.,Miscellaneous 20% personnel.720 720-- tal.-7,820 7,820. ~is~trtin.Fee (8% of Sub total Costs) 626 -- - 626 ____________ ___________ ~~~~~8,446 - _ _ _ _ 8,446 FRUCTION PHASES________ ion and Clearing Unexploded Ordnance y..pn Treatment in First Investment Pac ae communes 1 000 ~.4..Tment in Second investment Package ..ommun....1000...19........ tal .4,000 19,000 23,000 isrtinFe 8% o Subot Coss -----------320 1,520 -- 1,840 - 4320 20,520 -- - 24,840 ion of Coastal Aquaculture in Yen Hung District nd Restoration and Rehabilitation ha 500 22 5533 ---55,000 3nmental Extension Services to Aquaculture Households hh 1 0 -1,550 1,550 -.-31,000 tat - 26,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~500 43,000 16,500- 86,000 ~istration Fee (8% of Sub total Cost------------------- ... ............s.............).. i~ .-..2120 ... 3,44-0 - -------- 1."3--2 0* - ------------- 6,880---------- ---- - 28,620 46,440 17,820 -- 92,880 ation of Yen Lap Watershed Protection Forest estation ha500-2 0 .. .............. ......................10,000 --- 10,000 ~~~~istration ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .- .- ~~~~~~~~~~~~- 800.--- ----.---- - .------ -.800---------- ........ 1.. al _______10,800 --- 10,800 OJIONAL PHASES ___ 3ted Pest Management Program for Command Area zxtension in First Investment Packa9e...... .... cm unes 500 4.- - .. -.00.0P9 Extension in Second Investment Package~_ comm... .............. ~n unes 500 9.5 9.5 9,500 ~~~~~~~~~~~~tat ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2,000 4,750 4,750 --11,500 nistraion Fe (8%of Sub total Costs 160 _ _380 __ 380. -92 al -- 2,160 5,130 5,130 -- 12,420 7 0 Table 29: Detailed costs and schedule for Environmental Monitoring Programs for Yen Lap Sub-Project. Environmental Monitoring Cost Item Uniits US $per Unit 1 2Year of Implementation 6otI ________________________________________________________________ _______________ 3 4 5 _____2_3_4_6 NTlON COMPLIANCE MONITORING DflO!nliace oniorng f CnstuctonContracts -National Safeguard Contractor dys 60 ...........4 8 8 a 8 8 4 2,867 - Natio al Safej_ u a-rd --C_o_n t_ra_c_tor ---------------------------------ays 5 0 4 88 8 8----- 8 42.389 lump-------sum-----500-----1 1 1 1 1------- 1 1 3,500 fling, Miscellaneous 20% personnel 48 96 96 96 96 96 48 573~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~9 69 69 tAl 986 1n _.471 1,471-- , 47 471---- 1471----- 1,471-- 98§,329 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1,0 651 1,5 89,51,5 8951,5 8951,5 8 9 1,5 8951,0 6 551 0,0 7 5 ONMENTAL EFFECTS MONITORING ral Water Quality_M~qLonitnn -sAV2PIe 2 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 52~~~~~~sanp4 .... ...... ............ ~ ....... .~ _ 818 5 s2p2PAe 1 18 18 18 18 181 1 2 -5A 92 p~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~e 6 18~~~~~~~~~~~~- 18-------- 18- 18- 18------ 18------ 18---- 756--------- -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~mp~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~siile 6 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 756 -----~ rnp 8 18 18181 18 18 18 1008 ---------------------------------- ---------- -sa plef 8--- ------15--------- 18---- 18------ 1 8 ------ 18------ 18--------- 18---- 1,008 -~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~sample 6 1 18 18 18 18 18 18 7560 2 ~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~smpe p 18 18 8 1 18 1 1 3 p sample 5 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 630~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~M~! 81 .~wnLe 5--18- 18--18--18 18 15 18 763 17 187 187 187 187 187 187 6310 1a1 Costs 1,348 1,348 1,348 1.348 1,348 1.348 1.348 9,435~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Iq 1 1 181863 ._n!~.Rsts, Coastal Water Qa!tMooliy--,5 9146 1463,5 ,56 146 146 Ael Cos~ts, Field - Work day___i_C 60 -----17 17 17 17 78 T7 17 2,888 ml Rentalind_Csupplementar Datal Acustan AnalysiseCosts 20215 172727 15 1515 1,522 alCosts 1.052 1,052 1,052 1,052 1,052 1.052 1,052 7,361 [ritation i Fee (8% of Sujbtotal Costs) 184 84 184 84 184 84 84 7589 )sts, Coastal Waetln Quaity Mon/oi n 1,136 1.136 1,136 l136-5 1W9 ij~ ------Environ ental-Im- act of --- -------uacu--------------------ture--- ----------- 2,591--- ------- 2,591-----2,591 -- 2,591 2,591---- 2--- 591-- 2,591----- 18,139-- -- -- -- -- I -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- - - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- - Table 29: Detailed costs and schedule for Environmental Monitoring Programs for Yen Lap Sub-Project., continued. Environmental Monitoring Cost Item Unlits US $per Unit 1 2Year of Implementation 67 Total 2___ _ 3 4 5 6 7___ Rt?!PLstaionSuccess in Yen Lap Watershed Protection Forest at Costs. Field W ork 60------3--- -3---3----3----3----3------0- Cots DS ad rael5 3 3 3 3 3 3 900 costs, Reportin9 ~~~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~60 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 rsonnel Costs - --390 ......390 ------390 - ----390 . ....390 - ----390- 2,340 Coss 3 3 31 31 3 1 3117 ________________ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~452 452 452_ 452--- 452- ---- ~ 452 2,1 -nental Monitoring for Effects of Sedimentation, Erosion, Fertilizers and Pesticides :e Water Quality Monitoring sis Cost samiple 2 24 24 36 36 36, 36 36 456 5~~~E12PAe . ~~~~~6 24 24 36 36 , 36 36 36 1,368 8 24 24 36 3~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~6 36 3 6 1824 samnple ,6 2 43 63 63 ,6 2 ~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~~sample 5 24 24 36 36 36 36 36 1,4 6 24 24 36 36 , 36 36 36 1,140 sample ~~~~~ ~~~~5 24 24 36 36 36 36 36 1,140 sample 5 24 24 36 36 36 3 6 36 1,140 es ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~sample 10 12 124 18 18 18 18 18 1,1400 Cotiform .sample~ 9... .......... .. 24 24 24 24 24 2 4 2 4 1?51 Ana&sis Costs, SurfYace Water 3,024 3,024 4,428 4,428 4,428 4,428 4,428 20,1 88 sample2 q 8 8 8 8 8 104 sample -------- 6 6 6 8 8 - 88 8 312 6 6 6 8 ~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~8 8 8 8 312 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- - -- -- -- - -- - - -- -- -- -- -- -- - - -- -- - ---8---6- - -6-- -8 - -8-- -8 - - -8-- -8 - -416-- - 8 6 6 8*~ 8 8 8 8 416 6 6 6 88888312 Anp!ft ~ ~ 6 6 8 8 8 260 sam..... ~ ple5 6 8 8 8 8 8--------- Y60 o Ifor ----------------------------------------m--- sampl 9 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 468 es . 5aP3pj~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 100 6 6 8 8 8 8 8, 5,200~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~6 88 85,0 4na!Ysis Costs, Groundwater 966 966 1, 288 1, 288 1,288 1,288 1,288 8,372 .yA=~ol,SraeWtrPu rudae 3,990 3,990 5,716 5,716 5,716 5,716 5,716 36,560 7798 98 113 113 113 113 ,43 7,312 I1, Rep2[tJinqj Costs ?0% o Sample and An iJys Costs) - 58 98 1,372 1,372 1,372 137132874 W ir 9 t ionw --------------- 1,000 1,000 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,0 --- 9,5-00- Costs 6,746 6,746 9,731 9,731 9,731 9.731 9,731 62,146~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~6,4646 9 71 ,73 973 ation Fee (8% of Subtotal Costs}-. .--- - .-~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~540 540 778--- 778 ------ 7-7-8- ---- 77_8 --- 7-78- 4,----972 sts, Water Quality Monitoring I_______________ 7,85 7,8 1051 1050 1,1I050 1,1 67,118 sts, Environmental Monitoring Programs 10,941 11,918 15,142 15,142 15,142 15,142 14,618 98,047 72 Table 30: List of assumptions made in cost estimation of Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan. Item No. Comments No. Communes in Pilot Areas 4 * Socioeconomic information for Yen Lap Sub-Project No. Communes in Remainder of Command Area 19 * Socioeconomic infornation for Yen Lap Sub-Project No. Surface Water Sampling Locations in Pilot Areas in First 3 Investment Phase No. Surface Water Sampling Locations Upstream and Downstream 6 of Command Area in First Investment Phase No. Surface Water Sampiing Locations in Command Area in Second Investrnent Phase 9 No. Surface Water Sampling Loc-aticns Upstream and Downstream6 of Command Area in Second Investment Phase 6 No. Surface Water Samples per Year at Each Location 3 * Requirements estimated using professional judgment and No. Groundwater Sampling Locations in Pilot Areas in First 3 water quality monitoring specialists at Sub-Institute for Water Investment Phase Resources Planning and Management No. Groundwater Sampling Locations UpStream and Downstream 4 of Command Area in First Investment Phase No. Groundwater Sampling Locations in Command Area in Second 6 Investment Phase No. Groundwater Sampling Locations Upstream and Downstream of Command Area in Second Investment Phase No. Groundwater Samples per Year at Each Location 1 No. Surface Water Samples for Coastal Aquaculture Monitoring 6 Rates for Water Quality Analyses and Associated Percentages for . Derived and extrapolated from Phuoc Hoa Water Resources Project EMP and Sampling Costs, Personnel Costs, etc. for Water Quality Monitoring Mekong Delta Water Resources Project EMP US S per day for national consultant 60 * Assumes a 22 day worhing month, market price DSA for national consultant 50 US S to survey and treat (if necessary) one commune for UXO 1,000 . Extrapolated from Phuoc Hoa Water Resources Project EMP * Frorn Quang Ninh PFS conducted for ADB 5712 Coastal and US S to restore/rehabilitate one ha of coastal wetland 500 Marine Environmental Management in the South China Sea, Phase 2_(2000) US 5 to implement IPM in a commune 500 * Professional judgment Table 31: Environmental Mitigation program for Yen Lap Sub-Project. Pre-Construction Phases MITIGATION OF EFFECTS OF ExPANDED COASTAL AQUACULTURE IN YEN HUNG DISTRICT, PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASES RESOURCES TO I Surface Water Quality - Secton 4.6.1, Page 45 BE PROTECTED . Aquatic Ecosystems and Aquatic Biodiversity - Section 4.6.2, Page 51 Terrestrial Ecosystems and Terrestrial Biodiversity - Section 4.6.2, Page 46 l Conduct an environmental review of the area of coastal aquaculture in Yen Hung District that is to benefit from the increased MMGATION supply of freshwater water from the Sub-Project. Key issues to be examined include loss of coastal wetlands and other DESCRIPTION coastal ecosystems, management of sediment pond wastes and pond wastewaters, and exisbing provisions for environmental management of this program. Output will be a set of recommendations to Quang Ninh Province for effective environmental management of the coastal aquaculture program in Yen Hung District. PROJECT . Pre-Construction: First Investment Phase MITIGATION e An approved detailed environmental management program for coastal aquacuhure in Quang Ninh Province, including a TARGETS detailed schedule for implementation RMONITORING No monitoring required at this stage o Consuhant Environmental Specialist to prepare detailed Terms of Reference for study as part of detailed design of EMP: First Investment Phase RESPONSIBILITIES e An appropriate Environmental Safeguard Contractor will be engaged to conduct the environmental review and prepare the FOR Coastal Aquacufture Environmental Management Plan (CQ selection recommended). Inputs will be supervised by the IMPLEMENTATION Consultant Environmental Specialists l Quang Ninh MoNRE will be executing agency for the environmental review o Quang Ninh DoFI will be the implementing agency for the environmental review MITIGATION O 8,446 - Please see Table 28 for detailed description of costs and implementation schedule. REPORTING * A completed and approved Environmental Review of Coastal Aquaculture in Yen Hung District REQUIREMENTS Institutions to review coastal aquaculture environmental management plan include: VWRAP PMU, MARD, IDA, Quang Ninh REQUIREMENTS__ DoFI, Quang Ninh MoNRE, MoNRE MITIGATION OF RESETTLEMENT AND LAND ACQUISITION * Populations and Communities - Section 4.3.7, Page 40 RESOURCES TO Infrastructure, Local Facilities - Section 4.6.3, Page 48 BE PROTECTED O Local Employment Levels - Section 4.4.3, Page 41 Economic Acb'vities and Income - Section 4.4.4, Page 41 l detailed design, approval, and implementabion of Resettlement Action Plan for Sub-Project affected households in MITIGATION accordance with IDA Operational Policy 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement DESCRIPTION . implementation of approved procedures for compensation for loss of land or other assets in accordance with IDA Operational Policy 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement PHASE OF SUB- Pre-Construction: First Investment Phase PROJECT * Pre-Construction: Second Investment Phase TMITGATRON SAll Sub-Project-affected persons are fairly compensated. REQUIRED . Monitoring of RAP implementation required RESPONSIBILITIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION REPORTIN Implementation responsibility rests with Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU I Yen Lap Sub-Project RAP contains complete details on implementation responsibilities, costs, and reporting requirements REQUIREMENTS MITIGATION COSTS (US $) !_l MITIGATION OF DISRUPTION TO WATER USERS FROM CANAL LINING, PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASES . Surface Water Hydrology - Section 4.6. 1, Page 43 REORET . Aquatic Ecosystems and Aquatic Biodiversity - Section 4.6.2, Page 51 BE PREOTECTED TO Domestic and Drinking Water Supply and Quality - Section 4.6.3, Page 48 l BE PRTECTED Populations and Communities - Section 4.3.7, Page 40 l @~~~~~ Economic Activities and Income - Section 4.4.4, Page 41 l *~~~~~ ensure lining occurs with minimal disruption to economic activities of water beneficiaries by developing a canal lining MrTGTO schedule that is a combination of construction efficiency and minimal water user disruption DESCRIPTION . develop a canal lining schedule using a thorough and welldocumented consultation process that obtains approval for water I DESCRIPTION disruption to water users and provincial govemrnment (responsible for implementing provincial economic development plans and responsible for meeting provincial economic output targets) PHASE OF SUB . Pre-Construction: First Investment Phase Table 31: Environmental Mitigation program for Yen Lap Sub-Project., continued. Pre-Construction Phases, continued MrrIGATION OF DISRUPTION TO WATER USERS FROM CANAL LINING AND OTHER CANAL WORKS, PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASES MITIGATION a Two canal lining plans, each complete with detailed implementation schedule and terms and conditions for construction ITARGETS contractors, one for each investment phase, that have the approval of Quang Ninh Province, affected districts and TARGETS communes, and with villages in the affected communes having been consulted and inforned. MONrrORING * Monitoring required to ensure canal lining program proceeds as approved and affected households are satisfied with the REQUIRED disruption they endure. Monitoring results from first investment phase vill be used to modify the design of the canal lining program for the second investment phase if required. I Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU will have primary responsibility for developing canal lining schedule. Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU wll RESPONSIBILmES have the responsibility for preparing the appropriate terms and conditions to inciude in the construction contracts for canal FOR lining, These terms and condilions should include specification of penalties for non-compliance with agreed lining schedule. IMPLEMENTATION e VWRAP PMU, iDA, MARD will have the opportunity to review draft plans as they are prepared l________________ Quang Ninh PPC will give final approval of each of the canal lining plans. REPORTING . Two reports will be prepared, one for each investment phase. These reports will consist of the detailed implementation -REQUIREMENTS schedule for the canal lining of each of the two investment phases l It will be necessary obtain approval for canal lining for water supply disruption from water users and provinciai govemment COMMENTS (responsible for implementing provincial economic development plans and responsible for meeting provincial economic _____ output targets) through an extensive and documented consultation process MCTIGATION O Part of detailed design costs for Yen Lap Sub-Project MmGATION OF EFFECTS THROUGH CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS: DISRUPTION TO WATER USERS FROM CANAL LINING; EFFECTS OF DREDGED AND EXCAVATED SOILS; AVOIDANCE OF CULTURAL AND HISTORIC SITES; DISRUPTION TO LOCAL COMMUNITIES FROM CONSTRUCTION ACTNITIES * Surface Water Hydrology - Section 4.6.1, Page 43 l Aquatic Ecosystems and Aquatic Biodiversity - Section 4.6.2, Page 51 RESOURCES TO O Domestic and Drinking Water Supply and Quality - Section 4.6.3, Page 48 BE PROTECTED . Populations and Communities - Section 4.3.7, Page 40 * Economic ActiviUes and Income - Section 4.4.4, Page 41 v Cultural and Historic Resources - Section 4.6.3, Page 48 MITIGATION * Develop terms and conditions to be included in construction contracts to avoid or minimize the effects of construction DESCRIPTION activities on important environmental resources in the Yen Lap Sub-Project and associated area of influence (see Table 31 I DESCRIPTION below, under Construction Phase for details of terns and conditions to be included) PHASE OF SUB- - Pre-Constructon: First Investment Phase PROJECT . Pre-Construction: Second Investment Phase MITIGATION C Approved set of terms and conditions included in all construction contracts TARGETS REQUIRED . No monitoring required at this time RESPONSIBILITIES . Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU will have primary responsibility for developing canal lining schedule FOR . Consultant Environmental Specialists will provide technical assistance to Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU in preparing these terms IMPLEMENTATION and conditions REPORTING REQUIREMENTS I none MCIOGATiON . Part of detailed design costs for Yen Lap Sub-Project MITIGATION OF LOSS OF YEN LAP WATERSHED PROTECTION FOREST FROM CONSTRUCTION OF EMERGENCY SPILLWAY, PRE- CONSTRUCTION RESOURCES TO . Forest Resources - Section 4.6.2, Page 46 BE PROTECTED MITIGATION . Forestation of 20 ha of degraded forest in Yen Lap Walershed Forest to compensate for loss of watershed caused by DESCRIPTION construction of new emergency spillway PHASJEC OFSUB- * Construction: First Investment Phase PROJECT MTIGATION a An approved detailed FS for the reforestation program MONRE ORING . No monitoring required at this stage RESPONSIBILITIES . Consultant Environmental Specialist to prepare detailed Terms of Reference for reforestation FS as part of detailed design of EMP: First Investment Phase FOR * Quang Ninh MoNRE will be executing agency for the environmental review IMPLEMENTATION * Quana Ninh DARD will be the implementinq aqency for the FS, with support from Hoanh So FPD Table 31: Environmental Mitigation program for Yen Lap Sub-Project., continued. Pre-Construction Phases, continued MITGATION OF Loss OF YEN LAP WATERSHED PROTECTION FOREST FROM CONSTRUCTION OF EMERGENCY SPILLWAY, PRE- CONSTRUCTION, CONTINUED REPORTING . A completed and approved Reforestation Feasib)ility Study |REQUIREMENTS . Institutions to review feasibility study include: VWRAP PMU, MARD, IDA. Quang Ninh MoNRE, MoNRE MI COSTSO (U S part of Quang Ninh Province contribution to Yen Lap Sub-Project Construction Phases MmGATION OF RISKS FROM UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE RESOURCES TO * Populations and Communities - Section 4,3.7, Page 40 BE PROTECTED * infrastructure, Local Facilities - Section 4.6.3, Page 48 MmIGATION Carry out UXO detection survey in all areas of unproductivelunused land that is going to be disturbed from construction DESCRIPTION activities or ciil works that will require excavation to below 2 m depth. DESCRIPTION_____ OSafely remove and secure all ordnance prior to beinning construction work. PHASE OF SUB- - Pre-Construction: First Investment Phase PROJECT . Pre-Construction: Second Investment Phase TARGETS 0 No injuries or deaths caused by UXO detonation dunng construction phase MONITORING REOUIRED * No monitoring is required RESPONSIBILmTES R Ministry of Defence will be responsible for implementing this component of the mitigation program. They have undertaken FOR similar acbvities for other infrastructure projects in Viet Nam. IMPLEMENTATION REQUORTING ° Ordnance Survey and Treatment Completion Report to be submitted by Ministry of Defence contractors MITIGATrION COSIGTSO (U 24,840 - Please see Table 28 for detailed description of costs and implementation schedule. MITGATION OF EFFECTS OF EXPANDED COASTAL AQUACULTURE, CONSTRUCTION PHASES RESOURCES TO Surface Waer Quality - Section 4.6.1, Page 45 BESPOTECTED TO Aquatic Ecosystems and Aquatic Biodiversity - Section 4.6.2, Pagqe 51 BE PROTECTED * Terrestrial Ecosystems and Terrestrial Biodiversity - Section 4.6.2, Page 46 - Implementation of the pniority components of the environmental management plan for the Yen Hung District coastai aquaculture program developed in the pre-construction phase of the first investment phase. These oomponents are expected to included but not be restricted to: MITIGATION a Restoration and rehabilitation of 235 ha of degraded wetlands in Yen Hung District as described in Coastal Resources DESCRIPTION Management Pre-feasibility Study prepared for Quang Ninh Province under ADB 5712-REG: Coastal and Marine Environmental Management in the South China Sea, Phase 2; * Environmental extension services provided to aquaculture households on approprate management of sediment pond wastes and pond wastewaters PHASE OF SUB- a Construction: First Investment Phase PROJECT MITIGATION . No net loss of important coastal ecosystems as a resuH of coastal aquaculture program implementation TARGETS * Minimization of impacts on coastal water quality from implementation of coastal aquaculture program * Compliance monitoring will be required to ensure mitigation targets as specified in the coastal aquaculture environmental MONITORING management plan are met REQUIRED e Environmental effects mnonitoring will be required to assess effects of coastal aquaculture in Yen Hung District on the coastal aquatic environment . The executing and implementing agencies for implementing the priority components of the environmental management plan for the coastal aquaculture program will be selected upon approval of the actual environmental management, plan (see RESPONSIBILITIES above); candidate institutions are Quang Ninh DARD, Quang Ninh MoNRE, and Quang Ninh DoFi FOR . National Safeguard Contractors will provide technical assistance to the implementng agency as required IMPLEMENTATION O Funds for implementation of priority components of environmental management plan to be financed from VWRAP funds. REPORTING . Annual mitigation progress reports to be prepared by the implementing agency and submitted to Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU . Annual Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan report will include summary of implementafion progress and REQUIREMENTS documentation of changes in coastal wetlands and coastal water quality in Yen Hung District. COSTS (US $ 92,880 - Please see Table 28 for detailed description of costs and implementation schedule. Table 31: Environmental Mitigation program for Yen Lap Sub-Project., continued. Construction Phases, continued MrrtGATION OF DISRUPTION TO WATER USERS FROM CANAL LINING AND OTHER CANAL WORKS, CONSTRUCTION PHASES * Surface Water Hydrology - Section 4.6.1, Page 43 RESOURCESTO a Aquatic Ecosystems and Aquatic Biodiversity - Secton 4.6.2, Page 51 13ESPROTECTED T Domestc and Orinking Water Supply and Quatity - Section 4.6.3, Page 48 BE PROTECTED . Populations and Communities - Section 4.3.7, Page 40 * Economic Activities and Income - Section 4.4.4, Page 41 MrTIGATION e Implement canal lining program according to implementabton plan developed during pre-construction (detaited design DESCRIPTION phases) PHASE OF SUB- * Construction: First Investrnent Phase PROJECT * Construction: Second Investment Phase MITIGATION v Canal lining implemented according to Iwo canal lining plans TARGETS I All stakeholders consulted and informed during design of canal lining programs, including those who signed the canal lining TARGETS_________ plans are satisfied with results of implementation MONORING Compliance monitoring required to ensure canal lining program proceeds as approved and affected households and REQUIRED communities are satisfied with the disrupbon they endure. Monitoring results from first investment phase will be used to REQUIRED modify the design of the canal lining program for the second investment phase if required. RESPONSIBILmES . Mitigation measures to be implemented as terms and conditions of construction contracts. Yen Lap Sub-Projecl SIU vill be FOR responsible for overseeing the implementation of the canal lining plan IMPLEMENTATION . Construction contractors will be responsible for implementing the mitigation measures according to contract terms and IMPLEMENTATION conditions REPUIREMENTS Reporting on compliance with mitigation measures to be part of compliance monitoring activities COSIGTSO (U Part of detailed design costs for Yen Lap Sub-Project COSTS (US $) MrITGATION OF EFFECTS OF DREDGED AND EXCAVATED SOILS e Soils - Section 4.6.1, Page 43 RESOURCES TO a Sedimentation and Erosion - Section 4.6.1, Page 45 BE PROTECTED * Surface Water Quality - Section 4.6.1, Page 45 a Aquatic Ecosystems and Aquatic Biodiversity Section 4.6.2, Page 51 ° Use of the constructon area at the headworks site should be strictly delineated and controlled. o Remove topsoil before starting construction activities. Remove topsoil under the future stockpile. Separate topsoil stockpiles and earth stockpile to avoid mixing both soils. Create small stockpiles with topsoil (less than 2 meters high) in order to MITIGATION conserve its characteristics for future use after the construction works DESCRIPTION , Where possible, used dredged and excavated soils in engineering works such as road foundations. Identify and cleary DESCRIPTION delineate stockpiles for storage of excavated soils where required. Ensure stockpiles are a suitable distance from surface water sources. o Remove topsoil under stockpile sites before starting construction activities. Separate topsoil stockpiles and earth stockpiles to avoid mixing. Create small stockpiles with topsoil (less than 2 m high) o Construct sedimentation basins to capture water coming from pumping activities and runoff from stockpiles. Maintain MITIGATION sedimentation basins in good working condition. DESCRIPTION, O Rehabilitate all agricultural and other land affected by construction activities associated with engineering civil works to pre- CONTINUED construction conditions * Compensate, according to the RAP, farmers living along canals who have been affected by the disposal of spoil. PHASE OF SUB- e Construction: First Investment Phase PROJECT * Construction: Second Investment Phase * best practices' implemented according to specifications. MITIGATION . No soil dumped outside of approved disposal areas. T Borrow pits in environmentally suitable locations, sites re-vegetated to pre-construction conditions at end of construction TARGETS e 100% of agricultural land rehabilitated and 100% of damaged roads rehabilitated . Farmers living along canals are adequately compensated for damage caused to their assets during construction REQUIRED * Compliance monitoring will be required to ensure mitigation targets are met RESPONSIBILITIES . Mitigation measures to be implemented as terms and conditions of construction contracts. Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU will be FOR responsible for preparing terms and conditions with technical assistance from the Consultant Environmental Specialists. FORLEMENTAT~N e Construction contractors will be responsible for implementing the mitigation measures according to contract terms and IMPLEMEHTAT_ON conditions. REPORTING REQUIREMNTIG e Reporting on compliance with mitigation measures to be part of compliance monitoring adtivities REQUIREMENTS COSTS IA TO Costs for mitigation measures are included as part of construction contract costs. Table 31: Environmental Mitigation program for Yen Lap Sub-Project, continued. Construction Phases, continued MmGATION TO AVOID DISRUPTION TO CULTURAL AND HISTORIC SITES RESOURCESCTO ° Cultural and Historic Resouroes - Section 4.6.3. Page 48 All mitigation regarding cultural and historc sites to be implemented in accordance with IDA Operational Policy 11.03 - Cultural Property MrrIGATION * Locate construction facilities (worker camps, etc.) to avoid permanent alienation of important cultural or historic sites DESCRIPTION Where possible, locate engineering civil works to avoid permanent alienation of important cultural or historic sites l , G ~~~~Mark and fence off important cultural and historic sites that are adjacent or near to construction faciltifes and engineering civil l ~~~~~works to prevent damagel * ConstrucUon contractors to include plan for avoidance of cuftural and historic sites as part of their technical bids PHASE OF SUB- . Construction: First Investment Phase -PROJECT * Construction: Second Investment Phase MMGATION - AJI cultural and,historic sites within the Sub-Project remain intact and in the same condibon as prior to construction TARGETS MONITORENG * Compliance monitoring will be required to ensure mitigaton targets are met RESPONSIBILmIES e Mitigabon measures to be implemented as terms and conditions of construcbon contracts. Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU will be FOR responsible for preparing terms and conditions with technical assistance from the Consultant Environmental Specialists. IMPLEMENTATION * Construction contractors will be responsible for implementing mitigation measures according to terms and conditions. REQUIREMENTS O Reporting on compliance with mitigation measures to be part of compliance monitoring activities MITIGATION COSTS (US ° a Costs for mitigation measures are included as part of construction contract costs. MITIGATION OF POSSIBLE DISRUPTION TO LOCAL COMMUNITIES FROM CONSTRUCTION ACTMTIES RESOURCES TO O Populations and Communities - Section 4.3.7, Page 40 BE PROTECTED ° Infrastructure, Local Facilities - Section 4.6.3, Page 48 o All vehicles must meet noise and air emission national standards. o Households, outside construction Right-of-Way ROW (inside is included in the RP) which have suffered damage from road construction or road traffic impact should be compensated. MITIGATION C Speed limits must be enforced on permanent and temporary roads. lDESCRIPTIN - Safety signs and guard rails should be installed as needed. Specific security measures should be designed for village and D ESCRIPTION school areas along the temporary and permanent project roads (e.g. speed bumps located at each end of residential areas or near schools). - Compensate, according to the Resettlement Plan, households outside the ROW who have suffered damage from road construction or construction-relaled traffic. PHASE OF SUB- Construction: First Investment Phase PROJECT * Construction: Second Investment Phase I MITIGATION * No injuries or dealh to Sub-Project caused by constructon activities MITGARETIN . Households outside of ROW are adequately compensated for disturbance caused by road traffic, other construction activities TARGETS . All inquiries and any complaints from local residents are promptly and properly dealt with by construction contractors. REQUIREI * Compliance monitoring will be required to ensure mitigaton targets are met RESPONSIBILITIES . Mitigation measures to be implemented as terms and conditions of construction contracts. Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU will be FOR responsible for preparing terms and conditions with technical assistance from the Consultant Environmental Specialists. IMPLEMENTATION * Construction contractors responsible for implementing the mitigation measures according to contract terms and conditions. REPORTING * Reporting on compliance with mitigation measures to be part of compliance monitoring activibes MITIGATION S Costs for mitigation measures are included as part of construction contract costs. MITIGATION OF Loss OF YEN LAP WATERSHED PROTECTION FOREST FROM CONSTRUCTION OF EMERGENCY SPILLWAY, CONSTRUCTION PHASE RESOURCES TO . Fcrest Resources - Section 4.6.2, Page 46 BE PROTECTED MITIGATION . Forestation of 20 ha of degraded forest in Yen Lap Watershed Forest to compensate for loss of watershed caused by DESCRIPTION construction of new emergency spillway PHASE OF SUB- Construction: First Investment Phase PROJECT Cntuto:FrtIvsmn hs MlTAGATSoN No net loss of Yen Lap Watershed Forest resources TARGETS Table 31: Environmental Mitigation program for Yen Lap Sub-Project., continued. Construction Phases, continued MITIGATION OF LosS OF YEN LAP WATERSHED PROTECTION FOREST FROM CONSTRUCTON OF EMERGENCY SPILLWAY, I____________ CONSTRUCTION PHASE, CONTINUED MONITORING . Compliance monRorng will be required to ensure mitigalion targets are mel REQUIRED * Environmental effects monitonng wli be required to assess the success of the reforestation activities RESPONSIBILITIES . Quang Nthh DARD will be executing agency for reforestation activities. Hoanh So District FPD wil be implementation IMPLEMENTATION agency responsible for undertaking the reforestation activities REPORTING . Annual mitigation progress reports to be prepared by the implementing agency and submitled to Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU IREMENT @Annual Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan report wili include summary of implementation progress and REQUIREMENTS ! documentation of changes in coastal wetlands and coastal water quality in Yen Hung District. MITIGATION { 10,800 - Please see Table 28 for detailed descrption of costs and implemrentation schedule. ODerational Phases MIGATION OF INCREASED APPLICATION OF PESTICIDES AND FERTILIZERS DUE TO AGRICULTURAL EXTENSIFICATION AND I_____________ INTENSIFICATION lSurface Water Quality - Section 4.6.1, Page 45 RESOURCES TO e Groundwater Resources - Section 4.6.1, Page 46 IBEPROTECTED e Aquatic Ecosystems and Aquatic Biodiversity - Section 4.6.2, Page 51 lE PROTECTED * Domestic and Drinking Water Supply and Quality - Section 4.6.3, Page 48 _______________ .Human Health - Section 4.4.8, Page 42 MrTIGATION e strengthening existing IPM practices in the command area through the provision of training in IPM techniques, pesticide and IDESCRIPTON fertilizer selection and use, and encouragement of crop diversification. IPM extension will be conducted in accordance with DESCRIPTION IDA OP 4.03 - Pesticide Management PHASE OF SUB- Operation: First Investment Phase PROJECT . Operation: Second Investment Phase MrriGATION No change in eutrophic status of surface and groundwater resources within and immediately downstream of Sub-Project TARGETS a No change in pesticide levels in surface and groundwater resources within and immediately downstream of Sub-Project .Decrease or no change in amount of Pesticide and fetilizer used in Sub-Prq*ect area per ha of crop cultivation MREUORING . Effects monitoring wll be required to measure environmental oonditions in surface and groundwater resources RESPONSIBILITIES . IPM program to be implemented by Agncuiture Extension offices under Quang Ninh DARD, and involving comprising village FOR level extension officers, subject matter specialists, agnculture extension centers; provincial extension units; farmer IMPLEMENTATION association support organizations REPORTENG * Annual IPM program implementation reports to be provided by Quang Ninh DARD to Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU. I MITIGATION 1° 12,400 - Please see Table 28 for detailed description of costs and implementation schedule. _QSTSUUS} --_..- MITIGATION OF INCREMENTAL EFFECTS OF PROVISION OF WATER FOR INDUSTRIAL USES, OPERATIONAL PHASE DESCRIPTION . Implementation of program for strengthening environmental govemance of industrial pollution control in Quang Ninh Province PHASE OF SUB- a Operation: First Investment Phase PROJECT . Operation: Second Investment Phase MITIGATION e strengthened environmental govemance of industrial pollution control in Quang Ninh Province, including strengthened TARGETS enforcement and compliance monitoring of industrial pollution regulations in Quang Ninh Province RESPONSIBILITIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION - This mitigation will be part of a mitigation program for environmental govemance of industrial pollution oonlrol to be REI UINT conducted at the Project level within VWRAP REOUIREMENTS MITIGATION COSTS {US $) Table 31: Environmental Mitigation program for Yen Lap Sub-Project., continued. Operational Phases, continued MITIGATION OF EFFECTS OF DAM SAFETY RISK RESOURCES TO . Populations and Communities - Section 4.3.7, Page 40 BE PROTECTED e Infrastructure, Local Facilities - Section 4.6.3, Page 48 DESCRIPTION O Implementation of Yen Lap Dam Emergency Preparedness Plan PHASE OF SUB- . Operation: First Investment Phase PROJECT . Operation: Second Investment Phase MITIGATION TARGETS MONITORING REQUIRED RESPONSIBILITIES FOR e Please see Yen Lap Sub-Project FS for details regarding Yen Lap Dam EPP IMPLEMENTATION REPORTING REQUIREMENTS MITIGATION COSTS (US $) Table 32: Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Program. Pre-Construction Phases MITIGATION OF EFFECTS OF EXPANDED COASTAL AQUACULTURE IN YEN HUNG DISTRICT - PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASES MITIGATION PERFORMANCE e Review and approval of Environmental Review of Coastal Aquaculture in Yen Hung District MONITORING ACTMTIES MITISATIONSIBIL S FR a .Institutions to review and approve coastal aquaculture environmental management plan include: VWRAP PMU, MITIGATION PERFORMANCE MARD, IDA, Quang Ninh DoFI, Quang Ninh MoNRE, MoNRE MONITORING ________________________________________ TOTAL ESTIMATED COST . Costs included as part of VWRAP implementation MITIGATION OF RESETTLEMENT AND LAND ACQUISITION MITIGATION PERFORMANCE MONITORING ACTIVITIES RESPONSIBILITIES FOR O Yen Lap Sub-Project RAP contains complete details on implementation responsibilities, monitoring, costs, and MITIGATION PERFORMANCE reporting requirements MONITORING TOTAL ESTIMATED COST I .__ _ _ _ MITIGATION OF DISRUPTION TO WATER USERS FROM CANAL LINING MOTIGATION PERFORMANCE Review and approval of Canal Lining Plan prepared by Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU (one for each investment phase) MONSTORING ACTNITIES RESPONSIBILITIES FOR . Quang Ninh Province and affected districts and communes will review and approve plans. MONITORING P All villages in the affected communes will have been consulted and informed regarding the plans prior to approval TOTAL ESTIMATED COST . Costs included as part of VWRAP implementation MITIGATION OF RISKS FROM UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE MITIGATION PERFORMANCE . Review and approval of Ordnance Survey and Treatment Completion Report prepared by Ministry of Defence MONITORING ACTMTIES contractors (one for each investment phase) RESPONSIBILITIES FOR MITIGATION PERFORMANCE Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU will be responsible for appropriate review and approval of completion reports MONITORING TOTAL ESTIMATED COST .Costs included as part of VWRAP implernentation MITIGATION OF Loss OF YEN LAP WATERSHED PROTECTION FOREST FROM CONSTRUCTION OF EMERGENCY SPILLWAY Table 32: Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Program. continued Construction Phases, continued DMMGATION OF LOSS OF YEN LAP WATERSHED PROTECTION FOREST FROM CONSTRUCTION OF EMERGENCY SPILLWAY, , ~~~~~~~~~~~CONTINUED RESPONSIBILMES FOR MITIGATION PERFORMANCE p Institutions to review feasibility study include: VWRAP PMU, MARD, IDA, Quang Ninh MoNRE, MoNRE MONrrORING A TOTAL ESTIMATED COST . COStS included as part of VWRAP implementation Construction Phases I ~~~~~~MITIGATION OF EFFECTS THROUGH CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS' DISRUPTION TO WATER USERS FROII CANAL LINING; EFFECTS OF DREDGED AND EXCAVATED SOILS; AVOIDANCE OF CULTURAL AND HISTORIC SITES; DISRUPIION TO LOCAL COMMUNMES FROM CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIESI Dsuervision of constrnuction contractors during constprction activities and reponing on their compliance with the environmental terms and conditions contained in their contracts c l * ~~~~~~~synopUc reports will be prepared for each construction contractor visit (approximately 10 inspechons per mnonth). l ~~~~~~~~~These will be integrated into a monthly summary report that wAiI be submitted to Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU. l RESPONSBlLITIES .OR sites,adA t preparel may Yen Lap Sub-Project Perfo ngance rniportng Repod summaizing constrcsion contractor MmGATION PERFORMANCE peormance in the previous six months, sall be prepared and suboe itSed to Yen Lap Suo-Proje- t SIU. IMONITORING ACnTImES .AJI monthly summary reports and the twice-yearly Yen Lap Sub-Project Perfonrmance Monitoring Reporl will also | l ~~~~~~~be sent to VWvRAP-PMUl * Annual compliance nnonitoring results wAil be integrated into the annual Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental l ~~~~~~~Monitoring Report CDesign of the reporting formats and supervision proedures eill be completed durng the Pre-Construction (Detailed Design) Phase . An appropriate Environmental Safeguard Contractor vill be engaged to conduct supervision visits to oonstruction RESPONSIBILITIES FOR sites, and prepare mitigation perfonrmance monitoring reports described above. Supervision visits Wfil bze MrTIGATION PERFORMANCE conducted with fechniral supervision slaff of Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU to provide on-the-job training. MONITORING . Consultant Environnnental Specialists vill assist in desigr of the reporting fonrmats and supervision procedures . during the Pre-Construction (Detailed Design) Phase. TOTAL ESTIMATED COST * 10,075 - Please see Table 32 for detailed description of costs and implementation schedule. MITIGATION OF EFFECTS OF EXPANDED COASTAL AQUACULTURE IN YEN HUNG DISTRICT - CONSTRUCTION PHASES MITIGATION PERFORMANCE MONITORING ACTMTIES . Annual reports prepared by implementing agency on progress of implementation of environmental management RESPONSIBILITIES FOR plan for coastal aquaculture in Yen Hung District and submitted to Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU and VWRAP PMU for MITIGATION PERFORMANCE review and approval MONITORING TOTAL ESTIMATEO COST * Costs included as part of VWRAP implementation MITIGATION OF LOSS OF YEN LAP WATERSHED PROTECTION FOREST FROM CONSTRUCTION OF EMERGENCY SPILLWAY MITIGATION PERFORMANCE MONITORING ACTIVtTIES . Annual reports prepared by Quang Ninh DARD and Hoanh Bo FPD on progress of implementation of RESPONSIBILITIES FOR reforestation activities in Yen Lap Watershed Protection Forest and submitted to Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU and MITIGATION PERFORMANCE VWRAP PMU for review and approval MONITORING TOTAL ESTIMATED COST . Costs included as part of VWRAP implementation Operational Phases MITIGATION OF INCREASED APPLICATION OF PESTICIDES AND FERTILIZERS DUE TO AGRICULTURAL EXTENSIFICATION AND INTENSIFICATION MITIGATION PERFORMANCE MONITORING ACTIVITIES . Annual IPM implementation reports to be provided by Quang Ninh DARD to Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU RESPONSIBILITIES FOR . Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU vill be responsible for approprate review and approval of progress and final completion MITIGATION PERFORMANCE reports of IPM program for Yen Lap Sub-Project command area MONITORING TOTAL ESTIMATED COST . Costs included as part of VWRAP implementation Table 33: Sub-Project Environmental Effects Monitoring Sub-Program. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF EXPANDED COASTAL AQUACULTURE IN YEN HUNG DISTRICT AND EFFECTS OF COASTAL AQUACULTURE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN *Determine: MONITORING - what are the environmental effects of increasing aquacutture as a result of providing freshwater from the Yen Lap Sub- OBJECTIVE Project to the aquaculture sector in coastal Quang Ninh; and - the success of the environmental management program for the coastal aguaculture sector developed under VWRAP. * the exact environrmental indicators to be measured will be determined during the environmental review of the coastal aquaculture program conducted during the pre-construction phase of the first investment phase (Table 31, Page 74), but it ENVIRONMENTAL is expected that the following environmental indicators witl be need to be measured: INDICATORS TO BE - Ambient freshwater and coastal water quality: pH, conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), BOD5, COD, Fe, Al, MEASURED nitrate-nitrite (N02-3), phosphate (PO4-P), dissolved oxygen - Integrity of coastal wetiands and condition of any wetlands restored as pan of coastal aquaculture environmental management plan: area of wetland by wetland categorY and condition of these wettands * Ambient freshwater and coastal water quality: - Six sampling locations within and adjacent to the aquaculture area in Yen Hung District: one sampling location upstream SAMPLING and four sampling Ehocaaons 3tyhin the aquacuture area, as well as one sampling location in the nearshore coastal area LOCATIONS Of Yen 14ung District. * Integrity of coastal wetlands and condition of restored wetlands: - All coastal wetlands throughout Yen Hung District will be surveyed SCHEDULE, FIRST .Arnbient freshwater and coastal water quality: ANDSEON - Each year, 3 tires per year in each survey location (once after each shrimp crop and once during rainy season) INVESTECNT *Integrity of coastal wetlands and condibion of restored wetlands: PHASES - Annually: Year I to provide a pre-Sub-Project baseline ADDmONAL DATA * Up to date, hmely, and accurate information for each year of Sub-Project on: AND INFORMATI1 ON - land use and commodity production TO BE COLLECTED - constructicn and operation of the Sub-Project * an Environmental Safeguard Contractor will be engaged (CQ selection recommended) to implement this component of the RESPONSIBILITIES Environmental Effects Monitoring Program under the direclion of the Yen Lap Sub-Project SIU. Detailed ToR for the FOR Contractor will be prepared by the Consultant Environmental Specialist during Detailed Design Phase for Yen Lap Sub- IMPLEMENTATION Project. Consultant Environmental Specialist will oversee and guide Environmental Safeguard Contractor during first three years of implementation. . for first three years of Sub-Project implementation, Consultant Environmental Specialists, with the assistance of the REPORTING Environmental Safeguard Contractor, will include results in annual Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan REQUIREMENTS Report. After this, reporting responsibility will lie solely with Environmental Safeguard Contractor. The Environmental Safeguards Contractor will also be required to prepare a six-month progress report in each year of the monitoring. TOTAL ESTIMATED COST, FIRST AND SECOND . 18,139 - Please see Table 33 for detailed description of costs and implementation schedule. INVESTMENT PHASES (IUS$) MITIGATION OF Loss OF YEN LAP WATERSHED PROTECTION FOREST FROM CONSTRUCTION OF EMERGENCY SPILLWAY MONBTORING . Determine the success of the reforestation program in the Yen Lap Watershed Protection Forest ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS TO BE * Estimation of coverage, standing biomass, and regeneration success MEASURED SAMPLING * All of the area reforested under the Yen Lap EMP will be monitored LOCATIONS SAMELENG . Sampling will occur once per year, at the same time each year, for the entire VWRAP implementation period RESPONSIBILITIES * an Environmental Safeguard Contractor will be engaged (CO selection recommended) to implement this component of the FSPOR SIBILFIES Environmental Effects Monitoring Program. Detailed Terms of Reference for the Contractor will be prepared by the FOR Consultant Environmental Specialist during Detailed Design Phase for Yen Lap EMP. Consultant Environmental Specialist IMPLEMENTATION Will oversee and guide Environmental Safeguard Contractor during first three years of Sub-Project implementation. . for first three years of Sub-Project implementation, Consultant Environmental Specialists, with the assistance of the REPORTING Environmental Safeguard Contractor, will include results in annual Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan REQUIREMENTS Report. After this, reporting responsibility will lie solely with Environmental Safeguard Contractor. The Environmental Safeguards Contractor will also be required to prepare a six-month progress report in each year of the monitoring. TOTAL ESTIMATED COST (U S$) *2,714 - Please see Table 33 for detailed descripfion of costs and implementation schedue. Table 33: Sub-Project Environmental Effects Monitoring Sub-Program. continued ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MONITORING OF WATER QUALITY FOR EFFECTS OF SEDIMENTATION, EROSION DUE TO SUB-PROJECT AcTrivIES AND APPLICATION OF PESTICIDES AND FERTILIZERS DUE TO AGRICULTURAL EXTENSIFICATION AND INTENSIFICATION a Determine what are the effects of extensification and intensification of agricultural land use and commodity production on MONITORING the ability of surface and groundwater resources in the Sub-Project to: OBJECTIVE - meet ambient surface and groundwater quality standards OBJECTIVE - meet irrigation water standards - meet domestic and drinking water stands - With respect to ambient surface and groundwater quality; the following environmental indicators will be measured: - pH, conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), BOD5, COD, Fe, Al, nitrate-nitrite (NO2-3), phosphate (PO4-P), dissolved oxygen, total pesticide and herbicide ENVIRONMENTAL e With respect to irrigation water standards, the following environmental indicators will be measured in surface waters: INDICATORS TO BE - Na, Mg, Ca (enabling calculation of sodium absorption ratio [SARI), fecal coliform (pH, TSS, Al, and dissolved oxygen MEASURED will also be used to assess Sub-Project effects on ability of surface waters to meet irrigation water standards) O The following environmental indicators, collected above, will be used to assess Sub-Project impacts on domestic and drinking water quality: - pH, conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), BOD5, COD, Fe, Al, nitrate-nitrite (NO2-3), phosphate (PO4-P), dissolved oxygen, fecal coliform * surface water quality sampling wil be conducted in the following 9 locations (all stations should be spatially referenced at establishment to enable mapping and spatial analysis of water quality results):: - Yen Lap Reservoir as an upstream spatial control; - Main canal system: one location in the middle of Ha Bac Canal; one location in the middle of the Ha Nam Main Canal SAMPLING - Pilot areas: a total of 4 locations in the pilot areas; LOCATIONS, FIRST - Downstream (drainage area): one location just outside of the command area and one location in coastal wetlands as INVESTMENT PHASE downstream spatal controls . Groundwater quality sampling will be conducted in the following 7 locations: - Pilot areas: 4 locations distributed throughout the pilot areas - Spatial Controls: 3 locations outside the command area to serve as spatial controls (one upstream and two downstream of irrigated areas) * Surface water quality sampling will be conducted in the following 15 locations (all statons should be spatially referenced at establishment to enable mapping and spatial analysis of water quality results): - Yen Lap Reservoir as an upstream control; - Main canal system: one location in the middle of Ha Bac Canal; one location in the middle of the Ha Nam Main Canal - Command area: a total of 9 locations in the command area - maintain pilot area sampling locations established in first SAMPLING investment phase; add sampling locations in the remaining 80% of the command area, i.e., half the sampling density of LOCATIONS, the pilot areas in four Umes the total area to be sampled; - Downstream (drainage area): one location just outside of the command area and one location in coastal wetlands as SECOND downstream spatial controls INVESTMENT PHASE @ Groundwater quality sampling will be conducted in the following 10 locations: - Command Area: a total of 7 locations in the command area - maintain pilot area sampling locations established in first investment phase; add 3 sampling locations in the remaining 80% of the command area, i.e., '/. the sampling density of the pilot areas in four tmes the total area to be sampled; - Spatial Controls: 3 locations outside the command area to serve as spatial controls (one upstream and two downstream of irrigated areas) ° for surface water quality: - pre-construction (for each investment phase, to establish pre-Sub-Project baseline): 3 times per year in each survey location (rainy season and two in dry season) SAMPLING - construction: 3 Umes per year in each survey location (rainy season and two in dry season) SCHEDULE, FIRST - operation: 3 times per year in each survey location (rainy season and two in dry season) AND SECOND * for groundwater quality: INVESMECNT - pre-construction (for each investment phase, to establish pre-Sub-Project baseline): 1 time per year in each survey INVESTMENT location (dry season) PHASES - construction: 1 Ulme per year in each survey location (dry season) - operation: 1 time per year in each survey location (dry season) * with respect to total pesticides and herbicides, for both surface and groundwater quality, monitoring to be done once per year, in peak of dry season (April) in each of three phases for each investment phase * Up to date, timely, and accurate information on: ADDrrIONAL DATA - construction and operation of the Sub-Project, ANDINFORMATITtO - annual or seasonal land use and commodity production within the command area; AND INFORMATION - weather data from Hydrometeological Stations; TO BE COLLECTED - IPM activities from Quang Ninh DARD - groundwater information from Hydrogeological Service * an Environmental Safeguard Contractor will be engaged (CQ selection recommended) to implement this component of the RESPONSIBILITIES Environmental Effects Monitoring Program. Detailed Terms of Reference for the Contractor will be prepared by the FOR Consultant Environmental Specialist during Detailed Design Phase for the Yen Lap Sub-Project. The Consultant IMPLEMENTATION Environmental Specialist will oversee and guide Environmental Safeguard Contractor during first three years of Sub- I Project implementation. Table 33: Sub-Project Environmental Effects Monitoring Sub-Program. continued. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MONITORING OF WATER QUALITY FOR EFFECTS OF SEDIMENTATION, EROSION DUE TO SUB-PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND APPLICATION OF PESTICIDES AND FERTILIZERS DUE TO AGRICULTURAL EXTENSIFICATION AND INTENSIFICATION, CONTINUED lfor first three years of Sub-Project implementaton, Consultant Environmental Specialists, with the assistance of the REPORTING Environmental Safeguard Contractor, will include results in annual Yen Lap Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan REQUIREMENTS Report. After this, reporting responsibility will lie solely with Environmental Safeguard Contractor. The Environmental Safepuards Contractor will also be required to prepare a six-month progress report in each year of the monitoring. *it will be necessary to ensure that the pesticides and herbicides that are monitored are representative of the entire suite of pesticides and herbicides that are used in the Sub-Project COMMENTS . the sampling regime for second investment phase will need to be reviewed during the detailed design (pre-construction) phase of the second investment phase .15% of budget should be spent of QAQC; MoNRE Circular on QA/QC for environmental monitoring should be followed. TOTAL ESTIMATED COST, TOTAL OF FIRST AND SECOND . 67,118 - Please see Table 33 for detailed description of costs and implementation schedule. INVESTMENT PHASES ANNEX 1: TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONSULTING SERVICES FOR VWRAP EIA CONSULTANT 1. NBACKGROUND INFORMATION 1. The Government of Vietnam (GOVN) has requested a Credit from the International Development Association (IDA) to help finance the proposed Vietnam Water Resources Assistance Project (VWRAP). In order to carry out VWRAP preparation, the GOVN through the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) has obtained a PHRD grant from the Japanese Government to procure the consultancy services. VWRAP is scheduled for IDA appraisal in mid-2003. The Central Project Office (CPO) under MARD will lead the overall coordination for VWRAP preparation and manage the grant. It will enter a contract wath the Consultant to undertake the services specified herein. 2. VWRAP has three components: (1) Integrated Development of the Thu Bon Basin; (2) Irrigation Modernization; and (3) Dam Safety Management. VWRAP is classified as a 'Category A" environmental project, requiring an independent EIA report per IDA requirements. Preparation of the overall project is being done under another contract. The consultants responsible for overall VWRAP preparation are referred to as the 'Consultant". The consuFtant responsible for executing this TOR is referred to as the 'EIA Consultant", which includes an EIA international expert and a local EIA team, to complete the scope of work mentioned hereafter at the section of scope of work for the EIA consultant. 3. Some attached reference documents provide a comprehensive description of the VWRAP physical investments (i.e. subprojects) and should be considered an integral part of this TOR. The EIA Consultant and the Consultant are required to work together to integrate the EIA into the project's technical, economic, financial, social, and institutional analyses. The Consultant will carry the primary burden for collecting and analyzing environmental information, holding consultations, and producing an environmentally sound project. The Consultant will provide the EIA Consultant wilh technical analyses, reports, and engage in technical discussions with the EIA team on engineering analysis, etc. The role of the EIA Consultant is to work with the Consultant to help manage the EIA process, provide specialized environmental analysis where required, and independently produce an EIA report. The specific scope of work is presented below. 4. Component I of VWRAP is less well-defined at this time and subprojects in the Thu Bon Basin will be identified/confirmed during the formulation of the Thu Bon Integrated Basin Plan (TIBP). Possible subprojects in the Thu Bon Basin include: flood protection works, modernization of water delivery and drainage systems, small storage facilities for local irrigation, mini-hydropower generation, rural water supply, upper watershed management, improvement of flood preparedness and warning, etc. Total estimated investment cost of these sub-projects is around US$20 million. 5. Under Components 2 and 3 of VWRAP, the subprojects are relatively well defined: i) Dau Tieng- mainly in Tay Ninh province), ii) Ke Go-Ha Tinh province, iii) Cam Son-Cau Son-Bac Giang province, iv) Yen Lap in Khanh Hoa province; and v) Yen Lap in Quang Ninh province. The schemes range in size from 10,000-50,000 ha with investment needs estimated to be on the order of $5-20 million for each scheme. Infrastructure investments include: remedial dam safety works and possible installation of micro- hydropower plants; canal lining and improved water distribution systems; rehabilitation of pumping stations; etc. FI. OVERALL SCOPE OF WORK FOR THE EIA CONSULTANT 6. The types of environmental issues that could occur are listed below. The EIA Consultant is expected to screen and rank the most pressing environmental impacts. * Water availability, basin water balances, and water use rights, water quality due to sedimentation, runoff and the use of agricultural chemicals • Dam safety * Downstream impacts from reservoirs and irrigation schemes, * Effects of water abstraction, flood control and salinity control structures on: aquatic ecology, particularly fish resources, hydrology including groundwater recharge and water quality, plant and animal ecology. * Involuntary resettlement and project affected people, including impacts on indigenous people. * Impacts of resettlement on the environ.ment eg. forest cutting or wetland encroachment, new agricultural practice and livelihood patterns, land tenure * Impacts on cultural property * Impacts on natural habitats and nature reserves * Construction impacts, including: construction camps, disposal of dredged material, road safety, etc. 7. The EIA Consultant will help manage the EIA process and prepare an Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for VWRAP. The EIA will meet IDA requirements for Environmental 'Category A' projects (OP 4.01 'Environmental Assessment" and associated annexes) and be in compliance with all Vietnamese laws and regulations. 8. The scope of work for the EIA Consultant is limited to ElAs for the investment subprojects only, meaning 5 subprojects in the component 2 and priority investment subprojects in Thu Bon river basin, and not the TIBP. (The TIBP can be considered a regional environmental study by itself.) The EIA Consultant will prepare a separate EIAJEMP for each subproject, which will then be merged into one final EIA report. The Consultant shall be the main source of information. The EIA Consultant may also request the Consultant (or request MARD to direct the Consultant if necessary) to collect additional information or, if more expedient and within the budget of the EIA Consultant, collect the information itself. The EIA shall cover the issues below, and other relevant matters. 9. Policy, legal and administrative framework. Review policy, legal, and administrative framework within which the EIA is carried out at the national and provincial levels. This includes, among other topics: environmental quality, water resources, dam safety, health and safety, protection of sensitive areas, protection of endangered species, siting, land use control, resettlement, protection of cultural property etc. 10. Define the Project and its Area of Influence: Define the proposed subproject and its geographic, ecological, social, and temporal context, including any off-site investments that may be required (i.e., access roads, construction camps, product storage facilities, sediment disposal areas, etc.). Ascertain the need for plans for resettlement, project affected people, or indigenous peoples. Develop maps showing the project site and the project's area of influence. 11. Collect Baseline Data: Assess the dimensions of the study area and describe relevant physical, biological, and socio-economic conditions, including any changes expected before the project commences. Also take into account current and proposed development activities within the project area, but not directly connected to the project. Data should be relevant to decisions about project location, design, operation, or mitigatory measures. The accuracy, reliability, and sources of data should also be assessed. 12. Assess Environmental Impacts: Predict and assess the project's likely positive and negative impacts, including possible cumulative impacts, in quantitative terms to the extent possible. Identify mitigation measures and residual impacts that can not be mitigated. Explore opportunities for environmental enhancements. Identify and estimate the extent and quality of available data, key data gaps, and uncertainties associated with predictions, and specific topics which require further attention. 13. Analyze Project Altematives: Systematically compare feasible alternatives to the proposed project site, technology, design, and operation including the "without project" situation-in terms of their potential environmental and social impacts; the feasibility of mitigating these impacts, their capital and recurrent costs, suitability under local conditions, and their institutional, training, and monitoring requirements. For each of the alternatives, quantify the environmental impacts to the extent possible, and attach economic values where feasible. State the basis for selecting the particular project design proposed. 14. Environmental Management Capabilities. This would include issues relating to assessment of the existence, role and capability of environmental units on-site, or at the agency and ministry level, potential participation of project affected people in project implementation, local mass organizations, NGOs and/or academic institutions, and the role of the local population in maintaining the existing ecosystems. Based on these findings, recommendations should be made concerning the establishment and/or expansion of such units, and the training of staff, to the point that EIA recommendations can be implemented. 15. Public Consultation and Disclosure: The EIA Consultant is expected, in conjunction with the Consultant, to plan, manage, and document the consultation and disclosure process. The Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan will be approved by MARD and should contain information on how stakeholders will be identified, key consultation points, objectives of the consultation, level of consultation, consultation techniques and methodology, and timetable. The Consultant will be requested to prepare necessary material to facilitate the consultations. The World Bank Environmental Assessment Sourcebook (Update 26, May 1999 'Public Consultation in the EIA Process") provides guidelines and techniques for effective consultation. The EIA Consultant, in conjunction with the Consultant, will also consult with affected groups throughout project implementation as necessary to address EIA-related issues. The disclosure of the EIA reports as required by the OP 4.01 and BP 17.50, should be approved by MARD in agreement with MONRE, which is in charge of EIA appraisal. 16. The Consultant will organize, in conjunction with the EIA Consultant and with the assistance of the IMC and Provincial authorities, at least two stakeholder consultation meetings for each subproject. The Consultant will cover the costs of the consultations. The first consultation should take place to discuss the conceptual approach to scheme improvements and the scope of work for the EIA, and the second consultation should reyiew the Draft Final Feasibility Study/EIA. The Consultant shall cover the costs of these consultations. The Consultant shall cover the costs of these workshops. Relevant stakeholders should be invited to both workshops including: MARD officials, provincial authorities, IMC officers, local mass organizations, NGOs and/or academic institutions, farmer representatives, etc. per the Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan. 17. Environmental Management Plan: An EMP shall be prepared which consists of the set of mitigation, monitoring, and institutional measures to be taken during construction and operation to eliminate environmental and social impacts, off-set them, or reduce them to acceptable levels. The plan also includes the actions necessary to implement these measures. Specifically: 18. Mitigation: Identify feasible and cost-effective measures that may reduce potentially significant adverse environmental impacts to acceptable levels. The plan should include compensatory measures if mitigation measures are not feasible, cost-effective, or sufficient. The proposed mitigation measures should include technical details and an implementation plan for each mitigation measure and describe linkages with other mitigation plans (e.g., involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples, cultural property, etc.) required for the project. 19. Monitoring: The monitoring program should provide information about key environmental issues and the effectiveness of mitigation measures during project construction and operation. The objectives and types of monitoring should be identified with clear linkages to the impacts assessed in the EIA and the mitigation measures described in the EMP. The monitoring program should provide a set of monitoring indicators, specify descriptions, technical details, and reporting procedures. Monitoring reports should also be submitted to the local environmental authorities (MONREs). Independent environmental monitoring is not necessary in general, but environmental monitoring should be a part of the project monitoring to be carried out by a sub-contractor to the Consultant. Independent environmental monitoring could be undertaken if required by the local authorities under certain circumstances. 20. Capacity Development and Training: The EMP draws upon the EIA's assessment of the existence, role, and capability of environmental unites on site or at the agency and ministry level. If necessary, recommend the establishment or expansion of such units, and the training of staff, to allow implementation of EIA recommendations. The EMP shall provide a description of the institutional arrangements-who is responsible for carrying out the mitigatory and monitoring measures (e.g., operation, supervision, enforcement, monitoring of implementation, financing, reporting and staff training). 21. Implementation Schedule and Cost Estimates: For all three aspects (mitigation, monitoring, and capacity development) the EMP shall provide (a) an implementation schedule for measures that must be carried out as part of the project, showing phasing and coordination with overall project implementation plans; and (c) capital and recurrent cost estimate and sources of fund for implementing the EMP. These figures should be integrated into the total subproject cost tables. Ill. SCOPE OF WORK FOR THE INTERNATIONAL EIA EXPERT 22. The international expert is responsible to coordinate with the local EIA consultant team (composing particularly, the intemational expert will have following responsibilities: e To take the position of the EIA consultant team leader and will coordinate all activities of the EIA consultant team; e To review all data and information that were collected and processed by the local EIA consultant team and reasonably propose to the local team further needed data and information collections; e To guide the local EIA consultant team to co-prepare draft EIA reports; and • With the close assistance by the local EIA consultant team, the international expert will complete and submit final EIA reports, which have to be acceptable by both MARD and IDA, for all investment subprojects. IV. SCOPE OF WORK FOR THE LOCAL EIA TEAM 23. The local team is responsible to assist and coordinate with the international EIA expert to complete the General Scope of Work for the EIA Consultant. More particularly, the local team will have following responsibilities: e Based on data and information provided by the VWRAP Consultant and requirements for preparation of the EIA reports for investment subprojects, the local EIA consultant team will carry out further data and information collections, surveys, and investigations, if required. To be responsible for data inputs, data analyses and processes. Both primary and processed data will be conveyed to the international expert; e With the guidance by the intemational expert, co-prepare and submit draft EIA reports for investment subprojects. Assist the International EIA consultant to complete final EIA reports, which have to be acceptable by both MARD and IDA, for all investment subprojects; and e To be liaison between the international EIA expert and local related agencies. V. EIA CONSULTANT STAFFING AND SUBMISSION OF REPORTS 24. EIA Consultant Team Profile. It is expected that the EIA Consultant team will compose an international expert with experience preparing international-level EIA reports as the team leader and a local team. Table 1 contains suggested areas of expertise for national/experts, and qualifications of key staff. The EIA Consultant may propose alternative staffing to match the proposed lines of action. Under no circumstance does acceptance of the staffing list in Table 1 release the EIA Consultant from any responsibility under these TOR. 25. Reports. Final EIA reports for all investment subprojects are to be submitted to MARD and IDA by February, 2003. The number of EIA reports to be submitted and schedule for report submission are in Table 2. The international EIA expert will bear all the cost for the reproduction of the English version of EIA report, whereas the local EIA team will be responsible for the reproduction of the Vietnamese version of the EIA reports. The local EIA consultant team will have to make sure that the meanings of the Vietnamese version of EIA reports are matched with their English version. Electronic copies of all reports should be provided to both MARD and IDA, to the extent possible. Note: The EIA Consultant shall reach agreement with the Consultant and MARD during project implementation on how best to package the feasibility studies (FS), resettlement action plans (RAPs), management plans (MPs), and ElAs for each investment subproject. MARD will make extra copies of reports as required for consultation/workshop purposes. VI. INPUTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT 26. GoVN Input, Data and Coordination Arrangement. MARD, through CPO, will be the project coordinating unit. The CPO will coordinate with participating Ministries, agencies, and provincial authorities to provide counterpart inputs, and arrange review and participate in discussions with the EIA Consultant on issues related to the assignment.. It will facilitate and assign counterpart staff to assist the EIA Consultant in obtaining necessary visas, authorizations and access to facilities for carrying out the services. It will make available to the EIA Consultant all existing aerial photographs, maps, sItudies, plans, reports, drawings and information relevant to the execution of this assignment within the MARD. IDA will assist the GOVN in (i) supervision of PHRD grant implementation; (ii) VWRAP preparation; and (iii) liaison with other donors. 27. The intemational EIA expert will receive and inherit the EIA inception/ scoping report which was prepared by the previous intemational EIA expert in association with the local EIA consultant team. Vil. GUIDANCE TO EIA CONSULTANTS 28. The EIA Consultant will be based in Hanoi (unless otherwise agreed-upon with MARD), and will be provided by the Government with an office, preferably shared with the Consultant. The EIA Consultant will pay its costs for local transport, operational costs, office equipment (tel./fax/copying), secretarial support, required office equipment and supplies, translation and printing/copying. The EIA Consultant will submit the following items to the Govemment: (i) licensed copies of all proprietary computer software used together with manuals; (ii) copies of all software developed under the consultancy assignment in magnetic form, together with source listing and full documentation; (iii) satellite imagery and maps procured and used; (iv) copies of all data used in magnetic form and hard copy; and (v) complete description of all methodologies used and the assumptions made. Table 1: Suggested Staffing Profile for the EIA Consultant Expertise International (mm) Local (mm) Environmental Expert 3.5 6 Environmental Specialist 8 Social-Resettlement Expert 3 Total 3.5 17 Environmental Expert: The international environmental expert should have at least 10 years experience preparing ElAs for water resources projects in Asia which meet the requirements of international development agencies, such as the World Bank or the Asian Development Bank. Experience in Vietnam would be a plus. The local expert should have at least 10 years experience preparing ElAs in Vietnam, with significant experience in the preparation of water resources projects for international agencies. Environmental Specialist: Should have experience in the environmental assessment of water resources projects, including dams, flood control structures, and irrigation works in Vietnam. Social-Resettlement Expert: Should have practical experience in social assessment techniques and the preparation of resettlement plans. Table 2: Reporting Obligations Of the Local ETA Team: Outputs Number of copies Draft EIA Reports for Dau Tieng and Cau Son- 10 Vietnamese, 10 English Cam Son subprojects Draft EIA Reports for Ke Go, Yen Lap and Yen 10 Vietnamese, 10 English Lap subprojects and priority investment subprojects in Thu Bon river -basin Of the International EIA ExDert: Outputs Number of copies Final EIA Reports for Dau Tieng and Cau Son- 10 Vietnamese, 10 English Cam Son subprojects Final EIA Reports for Ke Go, Yen Lap and Yen 10 Vietnamese, 10 English Lap subprojects and priority investment subprojects in Thu Bon river basin Final EIA Report (integrating EIA Reports for all 10 Vietnamese, 10 English subprojects) ANNEX 2: SUMMARY OF PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS IN SUPPORT OF EIA PREPARATION Consultation Objectives of Consultation How Results of Date Participants Consultation Techniques and Consultation Were Methodologies Used Used . introduction of EIA * formal meetings and Consultant team to semi-structured . Director and staff of provincial departments interviews . inputs to Yen Lap Yen Lap IMC, Quang and IMC . some secondary data component of 6 to 7 June Ninh MoNRE, and * presentation of review Scoping Report and 2002 Quang Ninh DARD, overview and purpose * site visit to Yen Lap identification of farmers in proposed of EIA Dam and Reservoir, main issues for pilot areas * scoping and main and primary canal analysis identification of structures, and pilot environmental issues areas * formal workshop and * further identification secondary data revi'ew of environmental * Director and staff of * field visits to Songisuswtnplo .YDirector Lap C stang o Local EIA consultants Khoai Pilot Area (N6 isseas w Ninh PPC, Quang participated in larger and N12 canals small * issue of coal Ninh MoNRE, and stakeholder consultation canals getting water exploitation within 10 July Quang Ninh DARD, workshop directly from main watershed of Yen 10 July Yen Hung Diistrict * presenrtation of canal) and Lien Hoa Lap Reservoir 2002 officials, and overview, purpose, and Pilot Area (N26 and destroying reservoir representatives from requirements of EIA N28 canals small forest cover and Lien Hoa Agricultural scoping and canals getting water changing Cooperatives Nos. 1, identification of directly from main hydrological 2,3 ~~~~environmental issues canal) rgm,a ela 2,3 * semi-structured regime, as well as interviews with farmers degrading water during field visits quality ANNEX 3: POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR EIA THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMvENTAL MANAGEMENT IN VIET NAMI Environmental Impact Assessment Legislation The key environmental legislation in Vietnam consists of: e Law on Protection of the Environment (LEP) - enacted in December 1993. The LEP: - Identifies the responsibilities of the state centre, provinces, organizations and individuals to prevent and remedy environmental deterioration and pollution and carry out specified environmental protection functions; - Provides for the development of environmental standards and submission of environmental impact assessment reports on new and existing facilities; - Provides for responsible parties to pay compensation for environmental damage; - Establishes the right of individuals and organizations to petition for enforcement of environmental regulations; - Calls for civil and criminal penalties for violations; and - Encourages international environmental co-operation. 0 Decree 175/CP - promulgated in October 1994 to guide implementation of the LEP and provides broad guidelines for: - Division of responsibility among Ministries; - Environmental Impact Assessments; - Pollution prevention and disaster control; - Sources of finance; and - Environmental inspections and standards. • Circular No. 490 - promulgated in April 1998 to provide 'Guidance on setting up and appraising environmental impact assessment reports for investment projects'. The Circular: - Identifies the legal requirements according to the stages of implementation of a project and its category. Projects are effectively divided into two categories; No. 1 type projects - all of which require EIA and include projects that have potential to pollute the environment, cause environmental degradation or may have difficulty complying with controls and standards; and No. 2 type projects - including projects which do not require EIA but require registration with the environmental standards registration board'. - Defines the content of project subject to the EIA procedures; and - Specifies management of the EIA report appraisal o All projects must follow the process established in Ihe circular: - Application for investment license - for No. 1 type projects this includes the submission of document that sets out the potential impacts of the project (to be appraised by relevant state agencies), and for No. 2 type projects requires the submission of the registration form and technical and economic feasibility report. On approval an investment license is issued; - Design stage - No. 1 type projects prepare and submit the EIA report and technical and economic feasibility report; and - Completion stage - prior to operation relevant agencies coordinated regarding the issuance of construction licenses, inspections and stipulation of environmental standards, and approvals and certifications by the environmental standards registration board. Once all of these processes have been completed the relevant environmental license is issued. The Circular establishes the timeframes for review and appraisal; examination of the environmental standard registration and issuance of a certificate shall be completed within 20 days of submission, and an. EIA report must be reviewed within 30-60 days of submission (or three months for complex or controversial proposals), and the recommendations and decisions of the review must be ratified within 10 days. Vietnamese EIA Requirements for Yen Lap Sub-Project According to Vietnamese legislation (Decree 175/CP, Circular 490/19981TT-BKHCNMT), the Yen Lap Sub- Project requiresen Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) as it consists of the upgrading of an existing irrigation scheme. The project owner must set up and submit an environmental impact assessment report to the _~~ _l _ _ - ,_. * . - _ - Other Relevant Legislation ORDINANCE ON CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF LIVING AOUATIC RESOURCES Decree 18/1986, the Ordinance on Conservation and Management of Living Aquatic Resources prohibits all activities that are 'detrimental to aquatic resources and cause pollution to the living environment of all aquatic species," including the use of destructive fishing methods (toxic and harmful substances, explosives, electric currents), the introduction of toxic substances into the marine environment, habitat destruction (mangroves, coral reefs, marine flora, etc.), and emplacement of installations nr devices that are harrnful to aquatic resources.45 For these purposes, the Minister of Fisheries is empowered to regulate habitat protection, total allowable catch, fishing areas, permissible fishing gear, endangered species, introduction of alien species, and so on46. LEGAL INSTRUMENTS FOR PROTECTED AREAS The legal framework for terrestrial protected areas in Viet Nam dates to the 1980s, but the system of protected areas in Viet Nam is currently guided by the 1991 Forestry Resource Protection and Development Act47. This legal instrument authorizes the existence of three categories of forestland: protection forest (critical watersheds and wetlands); special use forests (protected areas); and production forests. The framework for the designation and management of special use forests is set out in Chapter 4, Part 2 of this Law. Implementation of the Act is done through a set of supplementary ordinances and decrees, such as Decision 1171, 1986, on Special Forest Management for Protected Areas, which defines permissible and prohibited activities in protected areas. A number of decrees to strengthen forest protection (national and provincial) have also been issued. They broadly specify the management principles of each forest category identified in the 1991 Forestry Resource Protection and Development Act; the separation of forest protection from production; and the nature of contractual arrangements with farmers and punishment of illegal use of protected forests. Vietnamese Environmental Management Administration The keys agencies and entities with environmental responsibilities in Viet Nam include: . Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (MoNRE) - MoNRE is the lead agency for environmental review purposes. . National Environmental Agency (NEA) - Within MoNRE, the NEA has the responsibility to apply the LEP. . Provincial Department of Science, Technology and Environment (MoNRE) - Each province has a MoNRE which is in charge of Environmental Management. They also have formal authority to review and comment on environmental aspects of investment applications and to resolve pollution-related disputes. Requirements for Consultation and Disclosure Save for certain provisions, there are no specific requirements for consultation in the national legal, policy, and regulatory framework for environmental impact assessment in Viet Nam (i.e., National Law on Environmental Protection [NLEP, 1993]; Decree 175/CP/1 994 on Implementation of the NLEP; Circular 490/1 998/TT-BKHCNMT on Setting Up and Appraising Environmental Impact Assessment Reports). Most of the provisions requiring consultation are related to the appraisal of environmental impact assessments; . The Ministry of Science, Technology, and Environment (MoNRE) is responsible for appraising reports on the assessment of environmental effects of projects and economic entities for larger projects (identified in Appendix II of Decree 175/CP). The National Environmental Agency (NEA) is assigned the responsibility for assisting MoNRE in performing these environmental management responsibilities48, MoNREJNEA is required to compiete appraisals within 60 days of receiving the required EIA reports and associated documentation; 45 Article 8, Ordinance on Conservation and Management, supra. 46 Articles 9-13, ibid. 47 No. 58 LCT/HDNN8 48 There may be changes in the responsibilities for environmental management at the national and provincial levels with the recent formation of the new Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. However, the basic allocation of o National govemment ministries are responsible for the implementation of state management of environmental protection. This means that they participate as required in the appraisal of environmental impact assessments for larger projects. o Provincial (and city) People's Committees are responsible for the implementation of state management of environmental protection. This includes appraising reports on assessment of environmental effects of projects and local economic entities for smaller projects. The provincial Departments of Science, Technology, and Environment (MoNRE) are responsible to the provincial (and city) People's Committees for this task and provincial government departments participate in appraisals as required. In addition, mass associations (such as Women's Union, Labour Union, etc.) are responsible for assuring the proper implementation and compliance with the legal, policy, and regulatory framework for environmental protection. Disclosure during the EIA process, as described in Circular 490/1 998/TT-BKHCNMT on Setting Up and Appraising Environmental Impact Assessment Reports, consists of the EIA Appraisal Council to which the EIA documents are provided for review. This Council, acting as a Consultant to MoNRE/NEA, consists of scientists, managers who have appropriate subject-matter knowledge, as well as social organizations and representatives of local people. Key National Policies and Plans GENERAL NATIONAL POLICIES Policies on Decentralization of Planning and Management The GoV has also been promoting decentralization through a series of laws, decrees and regulations. The major guiding principle has been to give greater power, autonomy and responsibility to districts and communes. The new Budget Law also attempts to bring greater transparency and stability into financing for local development. At provincial level there is also greater awareness of the need to involve local communities in planning and implementation of development activities. The February 1998 Politburo Directive on Grassroots Democracy (30-CT/TW) proposes that people at the community level should participate more actively planning and decision making by (a) being better informed about the law, (b) participating in local decision making before final decisions are made, and, (c) supervising, controlling, and evaluating the operations and activities of their local authorities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND PLANS National Plan for Environment and Sustainable Development (NPESD) In 1991, the State Committee for Sciences, with the assistance of UNDP, Sida, UNEP and IUCN prepared a National Plan for Environment and Sustainable Development 1991-2000 - Framework for Action (NPESD), which was then adopted by the Government. The NPESD, together with complementary reports submitted by Viet Nam to the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development convened in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, provided a broad, wide ranging framework for environmental action in Viet Nam, including marine environmental protection. National Strategy for Environmental Protection for 2001 to 2010 This National Strategy replaced the NPESD which expired in 2000. Key strategic directions in the National Strategy are: * Pollution prevention o Conserve and sustainably use natural resources and biodiversity o Environmental improvement in the urban, industrial, and rural areas o Enhance environmental awareness and forest environmental morality National Biodiversity Action Plan On December 22, 1995, the National Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) was approved by the Prime-Minister. The BAP identifies the major causes for loss biodiversity as: over exploitation, leading to deforestation, extinction of species, soil erosion and flooding, overfishing; water and marine pollution; degradation of coastal areas due to human activities; and transition to a market economy and the emphasis on development. The goals of the National Biodiversity Action Plan include: . a definition of and approach to biodiversity conservation and action which accommodates the multiple livelihood needs of the Vietnamese people, particularly rural populations residing in areas of high biodiversity; . reviewing and establishing priorities in provinces, special-use forests, and protected areas (terrestrial and personnel, research, and community extension and economic programs for buffer zones; listing the necessary research, education, and extension activities in the environmental sector for central, provincial and local govemment agencies; and listing conservation activities required outside protected areas, e.g. integrated watershed management, biologically sound agricultural methods, particularly in hill and mountain areas, restoration of degraded lands, economic activities such as agricultural germplasm and marketing non-timber forest products, preservation of genetic material in zoos and botanical gardens, etc. The BAP identifies many acts required for the protection of biodiversity. Those relating to the coastal and marine environmental management are as follows: * establish news laws and regulations for biodiversity protection; * examine existing laws to identify weakness and propose amendments to promote sustainable development; * enact laws to protect sensitive terrestrial and aquatic areas; * identify and protect areas with high biodiversity and establish buffer zones around them; * identify wetlands in need of protection; * identify areas which should be designated as new reserves; * establish a national network of databases and information on biodiversity; * strengthen the role of local governments in decision-making; * strengthen the participation of local communities and non-governmental organizations. Decision No. 224/19991QD-TTg of 8 Dec 1999 by the Prime Minister on the approval of the Aquaculture Program for 1999-2010, which includes: * an overall objective of achieving an aquacuiture output of 2 million tUyr by 2010 from current levels of about 350,000 t/yr * plans for aquaculture in coordination with investments in water resource infrastructure to increase the efficiency of investment and use of land and water areas * policies of development of aquaculture cultivation, specifically: increasing utilization of land and water areas for cultivating marine products, favorable credit for poor farmers and fisherman; and preferential conditions for remote areas. ANNEX 4: SOURCES OF INFORMATION USED IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS EIA 1. Draft Design Report for Yen Lap Irrigation Scheme Modemization 49 Pages.Nippon Koie Co.Ltd Royal Haskoning Co.Ltd Hong Ha Construction Consulting Co.Ltd 2002 2. Draft Feasibility Study on Pilot area Modernization in Yen Lap system15 Pages. Nippon Koie Co.Ltd Royal Haskoning Co.Ltd Hong Ha Construction Consulting Co.Ltd 2002 3. Design Report Repair and Rehabilitation of Dam's Safety 51 Pages. Nippon Koie Co.Ltd Royal Haskoning Co.Ltd Hong Ha Construction Consulting Co.Ltd 2002 4. Environmental Report on Yen Lap Project Area 38 PagesVietnam Institute for Water Resourses Research 2001 5. Hydrology report on Yen Lap Project Area 21 Pages-Vietnam Institute for Water Resourses Research 2001 6. Data of Works Present Condition Social Economic Condition of Project area collected from Yen Lap Irrigation Company Department of Agricultural and Rural Development Department of Science Technology and Environment Statistic Department Cultural Department Health Care Department YenHung HoanhBo districts and UongBi town of BacGiang province- Center of Bio Technology for life and Production 2002 7. Household Economic Survey in QuangNinh Province-Vietnam Institute for Water Resourses Research 2002 8. Environment Impact Assessment for Uong Bi Coal Fire Power Plant in Uong bi town 172 Pages Institute of Ennergy 1999 9. Data of Pesticide and Fertilizer in Quangninh Province in 1997 - 2001 Quang Ninh Plant Protection Department 2002 10. Program on Aquacultural Development in the period 2001 - 2010 40 Pages- Departnent of Agriculture and Rural Development of Yen Hung District 2001 11. Water Sample Analyzing data on project area-Center of Bio Technology for life and Production 2002 12. Hydrology and Meteorology data of HoanhBo station in Quang Ninh Province data from 1991 to 2001- Head Department of Hydrology Meteorology 2002 13. National Law on Environmental Protection (29UCTN 1994) 14. Decree 175/CP/1 994 on Implementation of the NLEP 15. Circular 490/1998/TT-BKHCNMT on Setting Up and Appraising Environmental Impact Assessment Reports 16. Operational Policy 4.01 (and accompanying annexes) - Environmental Assessment 17. Operational Policy 4.04 - Natural Habitats 18. Operational Policy 4.36 - Forestry 19. Operational Policy 11.03 - Cultural Property 20. Operational Policy 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement 21. Operational Policy 4.20 - Indigenous Peoples 22. Operational Policy 4.37 - Safety of Dams 23. Operational Policy 4.03 - Pesticide Management 24. Operational Policy 7.60 - Projects in Disputed Areas 25. Operational Policy 7.50 - International Waterways 26. Bank Policy 17.50 - Public Disclosure 27. General Policy 14.70: Involving Non-governmental Organizations in Bank-Supported Activities 28. The Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook 29. Would Bank The Environmental Assessment Sourcebook. 30. TCVN 5592 National Surface Water Quality Standards 31. TCVN 5944 National Groundwater Quality Standards 32. TCVN 6980 (2001) Standards for Industrial Effluents Discharged Into Rivers Used for Domestic Water Supply 33. Decree 18/1986 the Ordinance on Conservation and Management of Living Aquatic Resources 34 1001 FrntrPv RP?cznrre Prnfnrfinn nri nD/rlNnRnrrS A-+ 35. Decision 1171 1986 on Special Forest Management for Protected Areas 36. World Heritage Convention 1972 Convention Conceming the Protection of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage 37. CITES Convention 1973 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna 38. 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 39. 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity including 2002 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species was a main sourcebook for considering biodiversity resources within the Sub-Project's area of influence. 40. National Strategy for Environmental Protection for 2001 to 2010 41. National Biodiversity Action Plan (1995) 42. Forest Protection Department 1998 Protected Areas Plan of Vietnam to 2010 43. National Aquaculture Development Program (1999-2010)\ ANNEX 5: SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY INFORMATION FOR YEN LAP SUB-PROJECT Water quality in Yen Lap Sub-Project, Quang Ninh Province (29 December, 2002) No Parameter Unit 4F 4G 4H 4K 4M 1 Temperature oC 16.2 16.0 16.0 15.5 16 2 pH 7.01 6.20 6.95 7.0 7.20 3 Conductivity pS/cm 237 357 247 342 245 4 Turbidity NTU 80 67 53 15 56 5 Amoniac ( NH4 ) mg/I 0.14 0.20 0.32 0.30 0.27 6 N02 mg/I 0.02 0.07 0.08 0.12 0.03 7 NO3 mg/l 3.2 3.5 3.0 7.9 3.2 8 Phosphate (PO4>) mg/l 0.04 0.05 6.06 0.01 0.03 9 Alkalinity mg/I 122 128 138 130 134 10 Sulphate (S04'-) mg/l 7.3 9.7 9.0 10.5 8.0 11 Total Iron mg/l 0.32 0.73 0.50 0.25 0.38 12 NaCI mqgl 33.4 37.8 35.5 38.3 55.5 13 CL- mg/I 19.1 21.0 19.7 21.9 31.1 14 HCO3 mg/li 105 124 134 128 130 15 HardnesstCaCO3) mg/i 130 223 150 160 180 16 Suspended Load mg/l 75 32 67 18 35 17 Disolved load mg/l 217 333 227 302 220 18 COD mg/l 29.3 6.5 17.1 2.0 18.2 19 BODs mg/I 11.9 4.7 11.2 1.4 10.5 20 DO mg/l 6.20 5.20 6.32 3.2 6.70 21 Coliform Col/100mI 2700 170 1200 2 330 22 Fecal- Coliform F.c/l00ml 2100 57 450 0 1507 23 Cl.ferfriaens No/1 Oml 35 5 25 0 24 Mn mg/I 0.120 25 Hg mg/l 0.001 26 HCB mg/I 0.005 0.003 27 Lindan mg/I 0.004 0.001 28 1DDT mg/l 0.001 <0.001 Water sample sites: 4F - Surface water in the natural drainage in Hai Phong commune 4G - Well water in Lien Hoa commune 4H - Surface water in the end of Ha Nam main canal 4K - Well water in Quang Yen town (Yen Hung district) 4M - Raw water in the tank before going to the treatment plant Water quality in Uong Bi, Quang Ninh Province No Parameters Unit Ml M2 M3 1 pH 5.7 7.1 6.6 2 DO mgAL 4.35 4.34 6.0 3 BOD5 mg/l 4.0 10.60 5.0 4 COD mg/l 6.6 15.60 5 Cl- mg/l 8.88 248.50 181.05 6 P043-4 mg/l 1.50 1.40 1.50 7 SiO3 m_/i 12.50 10.5 9.60 8 NH4 mg/l 2.74 0.435 0.407 9 Na Mg/l 3.36 78.60 18.95 10 K mg/l 0.58 9.89 4.93 11 Mg mg/I 8.40 21.60 6.0 12 Ca mg/l 20.0 30.0 20.0 13 Sunfua mg/l 0.072 0.05 0.025 14 Pb 10@ mg/I 3.85 3.58 25.057 15 Cr mg/I 0.0022 0.0019 0.0019 16 Cu 10 1.701 0.636 0.881 17 Zn mg/l 0.4968 0.056 0.02724 18 Al mg/l 0.09 0.095 0.520 19 Mn mg31 0.019 0.016 0.532 20 Cd 10- mg/I 0.039 0.184 0.081 21 As _ mg9 2.003 2.502 0.952 22 Hg 10T mg/l 0.776 0.489 0.622 23 Coliform MPN/100ml 18 55 20 Source: Environmental Report, Project for Repairing and Upgrading of Yen Lap Irrigation System Waster samo/e sites: - M1- Tap water - M2 - Surface water in Uong Bi River - M3 - Ground water in bore well Water quality in Uong Bi, Quang Ninh Province No Parameters Unit M4 M5 M6 1- pH _ I 6.9 6.8 7.1 ___ 2 _DO mg/l 4.40 4.04 4.38 3 BOD5 _9/1 8.85 15.0 4 COD mg/l 12.80 20.0 __ o __________Cl- mg/l 42.60 166.85 62.13 6 P04 -mg/I 2.20 2.40 2.0 7 SiO3 mq/l 15.0 15.3 12.9 8 ~NH4 mg/I 0.498 0.335 0.319 9 Na mg/l 11.36 78.50 58.10 10 K mg/I 6.71 32.40 12.83 11 Mg_ mg/l 9.60 16.80 9.6 12 Ca mg/l 84.0 136.0 104.0 13 Sunfua mg/l 0.045 0.065 0.055 14 IPb i V10-mg/1 4.61 32.6 4.77 15 Cr mg/l 0.0022 0.002 0.0022 16 Cu o- mg/Il 1.442 1.129 0.248 17 Zn mg/I 0.02457 0.1061 0.0354 18 Al mg/l 0.105 0.030 0.100 19 Mn mg/I 0.365 0.054 0.139 20 Cd 10 %imq/l 0.098 0.205 0.205 21 As 10% rgL 2.274 | _ 4.691 22 Hg__ 1 mg/l 0.790 - 0.559 23 Coliform MPN/100ml 30.5 40.0 Source: Environmental Report, Project for Repairing and Upgrading of Yen Lap Irrigation System Waster samD/e sites: M4, M5, M6 - Ground water in wells Waste water quality in Uong Bi, Quang Ninh Province No Parameters Unit M7 M8 M9 1 DO 0.93 4.26 0.33 2 COD mg/I 87.0 48.0 102.0 3 8005 mg/l 63.0 35.5 95.80 4 TDS mg/l 460.0 930.0 386-0 5 SS mg/l 13.0 14.4 20.7 6 NH4 mg/l 11.90 0.398 10.30 7 TOT-N mg/l 12.34 4.20 11.20 98 TOT-P mg/l 3.30 3.50 0.96 9 Feacal Coliform MPN/100ml 7400 0 9200 Source: Environmental Report, Project for Repairing and Upgrading of Yen Lap Irrigation System Waster sample sites: M7 - Sludge waste Vater M8 - Hot water from The electricity plant M9 - Sludge waste water Waste water quality in Uong Bi, Quang Ninh Province No Parameters Unit M1o M1l M12 1 DO 3.47 4.13 2.32 2 COD mg/l 68.0 32.0 62.0 3 BODs mg/I 45.0 25.0 39.5 4 TDS mq/l 910.0 415.85 186.0 5 SS mg/l 15.30 19.70 12.2 6 NH4' mg/I 0.42 0.31 3.88 7 TOT-N mg/l 4.48 3.60 4.20 8 TOT-P mg/l 2.50 2.30 4.10 9 Feacal Coliform MPN/100ml 0 0 9 Source: Environmental Report, Project for Repairing and Upgrading of Yen Lap Irrigation System Waster sample sites: M10 - Surface water in Sinh River; M1 1 - Waste water from The Electricity Plant; M12 - Sludge waste water Water quality in Hoanh Bo District, Quang Ninh province No Parameters Unit M1 M2 M3 1 pH 7.1 6.4 6.9 2 DO mg/I 1 4.22 4.12 4.62 3 BOD5 mg/I 8.50 12.5 4 COD mg/l 12.4 11.50 16.0 5 Cl mq/l 47.93 110.05 44.38 6 PO4 mg/l 1.86 2.20 1.5 7 SiO3 mg/l 12.9 13.6 10.5 8 NH4' mg/i 0.317 0.426 0.325 9 Na _gl 11.77 16.27 12.39 10 K mg/I 1.96 4.08 1.88 11 Mg mg/l 6.0 12.0 4.8 12 Ca mg/i 20.0 12.0 40.0 13 Sunfua mg/I 0.025 0.035 0.055 14 Pb 10 15.401 5.93 4.343 15 Cr m_ I 0.0021 0.0022 0.0017 16 Cu 1 mg/ 1.336 1.563 0.343 17 Zn mg/l 0.1408 0.034 0.0247 18 Al mg/ 0.405 0.125 0.122 19 Mn ma/l 0.042 0.051 0.026 20 Cd 1 03 mg/l 0.198 0.268 0.165 21 As- 10-J J / 2.885 1.677 2.727 22 Hg 10 mg/I 0.929 0.786 3.435 23 Coliform MPN/100ml Source: Environmental Report, Project for Repairing and Upgrading of Yen Lap Irrigation System Waster sample sites: M, M2, M3 - Ground water in wells Waste water quality in Hoanh Bo, Quang Ninh Province No Parameters Unit M4 M5 M6 1 DO 2.27 0.45 3.49 2 COD mg/l 72.0 124.0 60.0 3 BOD5 mg/l 48.0 105.50 40.0 4 TDS mg/i 286.0 310.86 340.60 5 SS mg/l 14.50 16.6 19.80 6 NH4* mg/l 4.478 9.65 0.36 7 TOT-N mg/l 5.60 10.08 5.88 8 TOT-P mg/l 0.80 4.30 0.90 9 Feacal Coliform MPN/100ml 0 1720 430 Source: Environmental Report, Project for Repairing and Upgrading of Yen Lap Irrigation System Waster sample sites: M4 - Surface water in the pond; M5 - Sludge waste water; M6 - Sludge waste water Waste water quality in Hoanh Bo, Quan Ninh Province No Parameters Unit M7 M8 M9 1 DO 4.08 4.81 0.22 2 COD mg/l 36.0 40.0 1300.00 3 BOD5 mg/l 25.0 31.0 1020.80 4 TDS mg/l 6132.60 690.0 2116.0 5 SS mg/l 38.90 21.80 20.72 6 NH4 mg/l 0.60 0.28 12.240 7 TOT-N mg/i 4.25 5.32 14.15 8 TOT-P mg/l 4.10 0.80 0.90 9 Feacal Coliform MPN/100ml 0 0 60 Source: Environmental Report, Project for Repairing and Upgrading of Yen Lap Irrigation System Waste sample sites: M7 - Surface water in Troi River; M8 - Surface water in Khe Da Bang Stream; M9 - Waste water from The Paper Factory Water quality in Yen Hung, Quang Ninh Province No Parameters Unit Ml M2 M3 1 pH 7.2 6.6 6.8 2 DO mg/l __ 4.04 2.90 1.23 3 BOO5 mq/l__ __ 4 COD in/I CI- mg/l 166.85 408.25 2218.8 6 P04 mg/I 2.40 1.20 1.50 7 SiO3 mg/l 15.3 7.80 10.5 8 NH4 mg/l .0.335 4.612 9 Na _g/l 78.50 818.0 10 K mg/l 32.40 55.0 11 Mg mg/l 16.80 264.0 12 Ca mg/I 136.0 360.0 13 Sunfua mg/l 0.065 0.055 14 Pb 10 mg/I 3.26 2.427 3.037 15 Cr mg/I 0.0021 0.0022 0.0028 1 6 Cu 1 i%mgA 1.129 1.659 1.72 17 Zn m/I 0.1061 0.0219 0.0235 18 Al mg/l 0.030 0.085 0.040 19 Mn mg/l 0.054 0.204 1.221 20 Cd 10. mg/l 0.205 0.146 0.164 21 As 1O- mg/l 1.483 2.339 2.432 22 Hg 10- mg/l 2.687 3.499 0.772 23 Coliform MPN/l100ml 170 110 Source: Environmental Report, Project for Repairing and Upgrading of Yen Lap -Irrigation System Waster samnple sites: Ml, M2, M3 - Ground water in wells Water quality in Yen Hung, Quang Ninh Province No Parameters Unit M4 M5 M6 1 pH 6.4 7.0 6.6 2 DO ma/l 3.84 3.47 3.80 3 BOD5 mg/l 16.5 4 COD mg_ _ 5 Cl rrig/l 248.50 860.88 1251.4 6 P04 mg/I 2.20 2.30 2.48 7 SiO3 mg/l 14.2 15.3 15.30 8 NH4 mg/l 0.42 0.568 2.333 9 Na mg/l 87.6 260.32 364.00 10 K M g/Il 35.47 92.0 88.00 11 Mg mg/l 14.4 60.0 240.0 12 Ca mg/l 212.0 300.0 400.0 13 Sunfua mg/l '0.075 0.055 0.075 14 Pb 10 mg/l 3.26 4.275 4.59 15 Cr mg/l 0.0023 0.0021 0.0022 16 Cu 10-; mg/l 1.95 3.618 4.63 17 Zn mg/l 0.0229 0.0223 0.0147 18 Al mg/l 0.045 0.086 0.060 19 Mn mg/l 0.054 0.199 0.063 20 Cd 1 O4 mg/ 0.115 0.194 0.267 21 As 140-J mgl 1.953 3.049 - 2.883 22 Hg_ 10- mg/l 0.605 1.091 0.866 23 Coliform. . MPN/100ml 45 20 1600 Source: Environmental Report, Project for Repairing and Upgrading of Yen Lap Imgation System Waster sample sites: M4, M5, M6 - Ground water in wells Water quality in Yen Hung, Quang Ninh Province No Parameters Unit M7 M8 M9 1 pH 7.1 6.9 6.7 2 DO _ _2.36 4 55 ____ 4.81 3 BOD5 __gJI.._ 4 COD mg/l- 150.0 20.8 28.8 5 Cl mg/l 958.50 78.10 56.80 6 P04 mg/l 2.65 3.00 1.50 7 SiO3 mg/l 16.0 16.8 10.5 8 NH4 mg/l 5.093 0.202 0.227 9 Na mq/i 516.00 44.13 38.60 10 K mg/l 36.80 20.89 19.86 11 M g m_gl 64.8 7.2 6.0 12 Ca mg/l 164.0 108.0 100.0 13 Sunfua mg/i 0.077 0.092 0.055 14 Pb 10'J mg 5.61 6.64 3.537 15 Cr mg/I 0.0023 0.0018 0.0019 16 Cu 1 1.406 2.314 0.282 17 Zn mg/ 0.0255 0.550 0.0622 18 Al mg/I | 0.088 0.090 0.085 19 Mn mg/I 0.712 0.712 0.039 20 Cd 0i.mg/'JI 0.174 0.174 0.208 21 As 10- mg/l 2.584 2.584 2.020 22 Hg 10 mg/I 2.736 2.736 1.514 23 Coliform MPN/100ml 340 340 Source: Environmental Report, Project for Repairing and Upgrading of Yen Lap Irrigation System Waster sample sites: Waste water quality in Yen Hung, Quang Ninh Province No Parameters Unit M1o M11 M12 1 DO 1.75 2.47 3.78 2 COD mg/l 96.0 88.0 52.0 3 BOD5 mg/l 70.0 60.0 36.6 4 TDS mg/l 796.60 486.80 578.00 5 SS mrl 1 9.0 19.60 20.00 6 NH4" 3/l 4.10 1.58 0.30 7 TOT-N mg/l 7.56 5.36 5.04 8 TOT-P mg/l 2.30 4.10 0.90 9 Feacal Coliform MPN/100ml 790 6 0 Source: Environmental Report, Project for Repainng and Upgrading of Yen Lap rrigation System Waster sample sites: M10 - sludge waste water Ml 1 - surface water in the field M12 - surface water in the pond Waste water quality in Yen Hung, Quang Ninh Province No Parameters Unit M13 M14 M15 I DO 2.57 1.68 3.89 2 COD mn/l 72.0 80.0 56.0 3 BOD5 mg/i 50.0 50.8 39.8 4 TDS mg/I 2875.0 3209.20 298.00 5 SS MQ/l 19.80 26.70 20.10 6 NH4 mg/I 2.93 9.85 0.33 7 TOT-N mg/l 5.24 12.32 4.76 8 TOT-P ma/I 0.85 4.10 0.80 9 Feacal Coliform MPN/100ml 9200 20 0 Source: Environmental Report, Project for Repairing and Upgrading of Yen Lap Irrigation System Waster samole sites: - Ml13 - Sludge waste water - M14 - Sludge waste water - M15 - Sludge waste water ANNEX 6: SUMMARY OF VIET NAM WATER QUALITY STANDARDS Standard for quality of surface water -TCVN 5942-1995 No Parameter Unit Limited value A B I p1-I 6-8.5 5.5-9 2 BODS MR/I <4 <25 3 COD Mg/l <10 <35 4 DO Mg >6 > 2 5 Suspended solids Mg/l 20 80 6 Asen M/ 0.05 0.1 7 Bari M/l 1 4 8 Cadimi Mg/I 0.01 0.02 9 Lead Mg/l 0.05 0.1 10 Cr (VI) Mg/l 0.05 0.05 I I Cr (111) Mg/ (0.1 I 12 Cu Mg/l 0.1 1 13 Zn Mg/I 1 2 14 Mn Mg/I 0.1 0.8 15 Ni Mg/l 0.1 I _ I 16 Fe Mg/l I 2 17 Hg Mg/l 0.001 0.002 18 Tin Mg/l 1 2 19 A_ oiac (N) _ _M/ 0.05 ___ _ 20 Flo Mg/Il 1 1.5 21 Nitrat (N) Mg/I 10 15 22 Nitrit (N) Mg/I 0.01 0.05 23 Xianua M/l 0.01 0.05 24 Phenola (total) Mg/l 0.001 0.02 25 Oil Mg/l Nil 0.3 26_ Detcrgent _Mg/ 0.5 _ 0.5 27 Coliform MPN/100ml 5000 10000 28 Total pesticide (without Mg/I 0.15 0.15 DDT), 29 DDT Mg'/l 0.01 0.01 30 Gross beta activity a Bq/l 0.1 0.1 31 Gross beta activity ,B Bq/l 1.0 1.0 Note: A column can be supplied for domestic water source (have to be treated and follow the standard) B column is used in other purposes (specific standard for surface water supply for agriculture and aquatic breeding) Sanitation standard for drinking water and domestic water on physical and chemical aspects (maximum limitation) Decision No 5O5BYT/QD, on 3/4/1992 No | Parameter Unit | For city For rural and small {f} ~~ ~ ~ ~~(2) 13 (4) (S) t Pure Sneller cm (_>30 >25 2 Colour, scale: Cobalt units I __o <10 3 (mell, taste (air-tight after bogl at point 0 0 50-60CC) 4 Undissolvable mgfl 5 20 5 Dry lees mg/l 500 1000 6 pH mg/I 6.p8.5 6.5-8.5 7 Hardness (CaCO3) mg/ 500 500 8 Salts: - coastal land mg/lI 400 500 - main land mg/I 250 250 9 DO (organic) mg/7 0.5 2.0 2.0-4.0 10 Amonfac - surface water mafl 0 0 - groundwater mgfl 3.0 3.0 11 Nitrit mg/I 0 0 12 Nitrat (N) mg/l 10.0 10.0 13 Alumium mg/l 0.2 0.2 14 Copper mgaA 1.0 1.0 15 Iron mafI 0.3 0.5 16 Mangan mg/I 0.1 0.1 17 Natri mg / 200 200 18 Sunphate mg/,1 400 400 19 Zinc . mg/ 5.0 5.0 20 Hydrogen sulfide mglI 0 0 21 Chlorobenzen vA Cholorophenol mg// 0 0 22 Detergents mglI 0 0 23 A sen mg/I 0.05 0.05 24 Cadimi mgaI 0.005 0.005 25 Crom mgAI 0.05 0.05 26 Xyanua mgAI 0.1 0.1 27 Florua mg/l ! 1.5 1.5 28 Lead mgli 0.05 0.05 29 Mercury mg/i 0.001 0.001 30 Selen mg// 0.01 0.01 31 Aldrin va Dieidrin pg/I 0.03 0.03 32 Benzene pgJ/ I 10 10 33 Benzo (a) pyrene pg/l 0.01 0.01 34 Carbon tetrachloride pg/I 3.0 3.0 35 Chordane pgJi 0.3 0.3 36 Chloroform pg/I 1 30 30 37 2.4D pg/I T 100 100 38 DDT pg/l 1.0 1.0 39 1,2 -dichlorethan Pg/I 10 10 40 1,1 -dichlorethan pg/7 0.3 0.3 41 Heptachlor va heptachlor pg/l 0.1 0.1 epoxide 42 Gamme - HCH (lindane) pg/I 3.0 3.0 43 Hexachlorobenzene pg/l 0.01 0.01 44 Methoxychlor pg/l 30 30 45 Pentachloro phenol pgAI 10 10 46 Tetrachloroethene pg_ I 10 10 47 Trichloroethene pg/l 30 30 48 2,4,6 Trichlorophenol pg/lI 10 10 49 Trihalomethenes pg/lI 30 30 50 Gross beta activitv a Bqfl 0.1 0.1 51 Gross beta activity BqAl I 1.0 1.0 Sanitation standard for drinking water and domestic water on bacterium and organism Decision No 505BYTIQD, on 3/4/1992 No Exponent Unit Standard Note Bacterium standard A. Water supplied by pipeline Al. Water has been treated at the plant -Faecal coliform Number/lOOmi 0 - Turbidity 1 NTU -Coliform organisms Number / 100 0 - Pasteurized by clor, pH 8.0. ml To touch after 30 minutes. Surplus Clor 0.2-0.5 mg/I A2. Water has not been treated at the plant -Faecal coliform Number/100 ml 0 Ensure 98% of samples In the year obtain the standard. -Coliform organisms Number /100 ml S 3 - Sometime Appearance, not always. A3. Water in pipeline -Faecal coliform Number/100 ml 0 Ensure 95% of samples in the year obtain the standard -Coliform organisms Number/100 ml S 3 - Sometime Appearance, not always. B. Not supply water by pipeline yet -Faecal coliform Number/100 ml 0 -Coliform organisms Number /100 ml 10 - Not always - If always appearance, need to test sanitation, repair, protection of water sources C. Botle water -Faecal coliform NumberII 00 ml 0 -Coliform organisms Number/t00 ml 0 D. Emergency water supply -Faecal coliform Number/100 ml 0 - need to be boiled in emergency cases -Coliform organisms Number/100 ml 0 II Organism standard - Protozoa 0 - Helminths 0 - Free organisms (alga,..) 0 Water quality guidelines for irrigation TCVN 6773 : 2000 Parameter Unit 1 Standard l. Total disoluted soild mg/l < 400 applied for salinity instrusion soil (water content EC < 0.75 g.S/cm, 25oC) <1000 applied for area with good irrigation and drainage condition (water content EC ' 1.75 gS:cm, 25oC) < 2000 and low ratio SAR (see Annex A) in water, applied for area which is grown by saline resistant plants, good irrigation and drainage condition. (water content EC < 2.25 pS/cm, 25oC) 2. Ratio SAR in irrigation c 10, applied for areas of poor irrigation water and drainage condition. s 18, applied for areas of good irrigation and drainage condition > 18 applied for areas of poor nutrient soil 3. Bo (B) mg/I < 1, applied for soil that having very sensitive plants with Bo < 2, applied for soil that having medium sensitive plants with Bo ' 4, applied for soil that growing other plants 4. Disloved Oxygen mg/t > 2 5. pH 5.5 -8.5 6. Clorua (Cl-) mg/I < 350 7. Herbicide (for each type mg/I < 0.001 of herbicide seperately) l 8. Mercury (Hg) m 6.5 14. Fecal coliform MPN/lOOml Not more than 200 (applied for soils which are grown vegetables and uncooked plants) No standard applied for soils that are l _______________________ I grown other plants TCVN 6980: 2001 Water quality - Standards for industrial effluents discharged into rivers used for domestic water supply Hanoi 2001 Foreword TCVN 6980: 2001 prepared by Technical Team TCVN / TC 147 "Water quality", recommended by General Department for Standards, Metrology and Quality (STAMEQ), issued by Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (MOSTE). 1. Scope of application 1. 1. These standards stipulate in detail limits values of parameters and concentrations of pollutants in industrial effluents by discharge volumes and flow rates of receiving rivers. In these standards, industrial effluent is understood as waste liquid or wastewater from production processes, processing, and business of industries. The distance between the discharge point and receiving body is in accordance with the current regulations. 1.2. These standards are applied concurrently with TCVN 5945: 1995 and used to control the quality of industrial effluents discharged into rivers or springs (hereunder commonly called "rivers") having water quality suitable for domestic water supply. 2. Reference standards TCVN 5945: 1995 Industrial effluents -Discharge standards 3. Limit values 3.2 Limit values of parameters and concentrations of pollutants in effluents by discharge volume when discharged into rivers with different floxw rates, shall not exceed the values shown in Table 1. Parameters and concentrations of pollutants not stipulated in Table I are applied as stipulated in TCVN 5945: 1995. 3.2 Sampling, analysis, calculation and identification methods for each parameter and concentration are stipulated in the corresponding TCVNs or by other methods stipulated by competent environment agencies. TCVN 6980: 2001 Table 1. Limit values and concentrations of pollutants in industrial effluents discharged into rivers used for domestic water supply Parameters Q> 200m 3Is Q= 50-200m3/s Q < 50m3/s Fl F2 |F3 Fl F2 F3 Fl F2 F3 1. Color, Co-Pt at pH=7 0 20 20 1 20 20 20 20 - 20 20 2. Smell, sense No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad smell smell smell smell smell smell smell smeil smell 3. BOD5 (20` C), mg/] 40 35 35 30 25 25 20 20 20 4. COD, mgll 70 60 60 60 50 50 50 40 40 5. Total suspended solids, mg/l 50 45 45 45 40 40 40 30 30 6. Arsenic, As, mg/l 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.1 0.05 0.05 7. Lead, Pb, mg/l 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.06 8. Mineral oil & grease, mg/l 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 9. Organic oil & grease, mg/l 20 20 20 10 10 10 5 5 5 10. Copper, Cu, m,g/ 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 1 1. Zinc, Zn, mg/_ I_ 1 I 1 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 12. Total phosphorus, mg/l 10 10 10 6 6 6 ,4 L4 4 13. Chloride, Cl-, mg/l 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 14. Coliform, MPN/1OO ml 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 Notes: Q is river's flow rate, m3/s F is volurme of effluent, m3/day (24 hours) Fl - From 50 m3 up to 500 m3/day F2 - From 500 m3 up to 5000 m3/day F3 - equal or more than 5000 m3/day TCVN 6981: 2001 Water quality - Standards for industrial effluents discharged into lakes used for domestic water supply Table 1. Limit values and concentrations of pollutants in industrial effluents discharged into lakes used for domestic water supply Parameters V> 100x 106n 3 V= (10 100)x106m} V<10x 106m FI F2 I F3 i FI F2 F3 FI F2 F3 1. Color, Co-Pt at pH=7 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2. Smell, sense No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad smell smell smell smell smell smell smell smell smell 3. BOD5 (20° C), mg/l 30 30 30 20 20 20 15 I5 15 4. COD, mg/l 60 60 60 40 40 40 30 30 30 5. Total suspended solids, mg/ 50 50 50 40 40 40 30 20 15 6. Arsenic, As, mg/l 0.05 0.04 0.04 ! 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 7. Lead, Pb, mg/I 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 8. Chrome (Cr) 111, mg/l 0.2 0.2 _ 0.2 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.10 0.10 0.10 9. Mineral oil & grease, mg/I 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 10. Organic oil &I grease, mg/l 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 ]1. Copper, Cu, mg/l 0.4 0.4 0.4 7 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 12. Zinc, Zn, mg/l 1 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 13. Total phosphorus, P, mu/I 10 8 8 8 6 6 6 4 4 14. Chloride, Cl-, mgi/ 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 15. Coliform, MPN/IOOml 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 Notes: V is water volume of lake, m3 F is volume of wastewater, m3/day (24 hours) Fl - From 50 m3 up to 500 m3/day F2 - From 500 m3 up to 5000 m3/day F3 - equal or more than 5000 m3/day TCVN 6982: 2001 Water quality - Standards for industrial effluents discharged into rivers used for water sports and recreation Table 1. Limit values and concentrations of pollutants in industrial effluents discharged into rivers used for water sports and recreation Parameters Q> 200m 3/s I Q= 50+ 200M3/s Q < 50m3/s Fl F2 F3 [ Fl F2 F3 Fl F2 F3 1. Color, Co-Pt at pH=7 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 2. Smell, sense No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad smell smell smell smell smell smell smell smell smell 3. BOD5 (20'C), mg/l 50 40 40 | 40 30 30 30 30 30 4. COD, mg/1 100 80 80 | 80 60 60 60 60 60 5. Total suspended solids, mg/I 100 90 90 90 80 80 80 70 70 6. Arsenic, As, mg/l 0.1 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 7. Lead, Pb, mg/I 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 8. Chrome (Cr) III, mg/I 0.1 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.06 9. Total phosphorus, P, mg/I 10 8 8 8 6 6 6 5' 5 10. Chloride, CI-, mg/I 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 1 1. Coliform, MPN/100 ml 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 Notes: Q is river's flow rate, m3/s F is volume of effluent, m3/day (24 hours) Fl - From 50 m3 up to 500 m3/day F2 - From 500 m3 up to 5000 m3/day F3 - equal or more than 5000 m3/day TCVN 6983: 2001 Water quality - Standards for industrial effluents discharged into lakes used for water sports and recreation Table 1. Limit values and concentrations of pollutants in industrial effluents discharged into rivers used for water sports and recreation Parameters V> 100 x 106 m 3 V= (10 - 100) x 106 m 3 V< lox lo6m 3 Fl F2 F3 Fl F2 F3 FI F2 F3 1. Color, Co-Pt at pH=7 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 2. Smell, sense No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad smell smell smell smell smell smell smell smell smell 3. BOD5 (20°C), mg/l 50 40 40 30 30 30 30 20 20 4. COD, mg/l 100 80 80 70 60 60 60 40 40 5. Total suspended solids, mg/l 80 80 80 70 70 60 60 50 50 6. Arsenic, As, mg/i 0.1 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 7. Lead, Pb, mg/t 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 8. Chrome (Cr) 111, mg/il 0.1 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.06 9. Total phosphorus, P, mg/l 8 6 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 10. Mercury, Hg, mg/l 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 I1. Chloride, Cl-, mgA 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 12. Coliform, MPN/100 ml 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 Notes: V is water volume of lake, m3 F is volume of effluent, m3/day (24 hours) Fl - From 50 m3 up to 500 m3/day F2 - From 500 m3 up to 5000 m3/day F3 - equal or more than 5000 m3/day TCVN 6984: 2001 Table 1. Limit values and concentrations of pollutants in industrial effluents discharged into rivers used for protection of aquatic life Parameters Q> 200m s Q 50.200m31s Q < 50m3/s Fl F2 F3 Fl F2 F3 Fl F2 F3 1. Color, Co-Pt at pH=7 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 2. Smell, sense Light Light Light Light Light Light Light Light Light 3. pH 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 4. BOD (d20' C), mO 50 45 40 40 35 30 30 20 20 5. COD, mgJI 100 90 80 80 70 60 60 50 50 6. Total suspended solids, mg/ 100 100 100 90 80 80 80 80 80 7. Arsenic, As, m/l 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.05 8. Cadmium, Cd, mg/i 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 9. Lead, Pb, mgll 0.5 0.S 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 10. Iron, mg/l 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 1 1. Cyanide, CN-, mg/i 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 12. Mineral oil & rease, mg/l 10 5 5 10 5 5 5 5 5 13. Organic oil &grease, mg/ 20 20 20 20 10 10 10 10 10 14. Organic phosphorus, mg/I 1 1 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 15. Totalhoshorus, mg/l 10 8 _ 8 6 6 6 5 5 4 16. Chloride, Cl-, mg/i 1000 1000 1000 800 800 800 750 750 750 17. Surface active substance, mg/I 10 10 1 5O 5 5 5 5 5 18. Coliform, MPN/100 ml 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 19. PCB, mg/I 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Notes: Q is river's flow rate, m3/s F is volume of effluent, m3lday (24 hours) F1 - From 50 m3 up to 500 m3/day F2 - From 500 m3 up to 5000 m3iday F3 - equal or more than 5000 m3/day TCVN 6985: 2001 Water quality - Standards for industrial effluents discharged into lakes used for protection of aquatic life Table 1. Limit values and concentrations of pollutants in industrial effluents discharged into lakes used for protection of aquatic life Parameters V>~~IOO 1006x I o V= ( 10 '1 O0) X l106 m 3 V10X 106 mI3 Parameters V> lx 0m (O--1)x0m3V< lox 0m Fl F2 F3 Fl F2 F3 Fl F2 F3 1. Color, Co-Pt at pH=7 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 2. Smell, sense Light Light Light h Ligt Liht Light Light Light 3. pH 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 4. BODs (200 C), mg/l 50 40 40 40 30 30 30 20 20 5. COD, msJ 90 80 80 70 60 60 50 50 50 6. Total suspended solids, mg/l 100 90 90 80 70 70 70 70 70 7. Arsenic, As, mg/l 0.1 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 8. Cadmium, Cd, mg/I 0.02 0.015 0.015 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.005 0.01 0.01 9. Lead, Pb, mg/I 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 10. Iron, mg/l 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 11. Cyanide, CN-, mg/l 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 12. Mineral oil & grease, mg/l 10 10 10 5 5 5 5 5 5 13. Organic oil & grease, mg/l 10 10 10 7 7 7 5 5 5 14. Organic phosphorus, mg/I 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 15. Total phosphorus, mg/l 6 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 16. Chloride, Cl-, mg/l 750 750 700 650 600 600 500 500 500 17. Chloride free, mg/l I I I I I I I I 1 18. Surface active substance, mg/I 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 19. Coliform, MPN/100 ml 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 20. PCB, mg/l 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 Notes: V is water volume of lake, m3 F is volume of effluent, m3,dav (24 hours) F I - From 50 m3 up to 500 m3/day F2 - From 500 m3 up to 5000 m3/day F3 - equal or more than 5000 m3/day TCVN 6986: 2001 Water quality - Standards for industrial effluents discharged into coastal waters used for protection of aquatic life 3. Limit values 3.1 Limit values of parameters and concentrations of pollutants in wastewater by discharge volume when discharged into rivers with different flow rates, shall not exceed the values shown in Table 1. Parameters and concentrations of pollutants not stipulated in Table I are applied as stipulated in TCVN 5945: 1995. 3.2 If the coastal area has coral ecosystem or other ecosystems sensitive with temperature, then the effluents discharged into that area should not raise the temperature of the receiving coastal area by more than 3 °C, measured at 100 m from the discharging point within the effluent propagation. 3.3 Wastes containing biphenyl polychlorinated (PCB), poliaromat hydrocarbon (PAH) may be discharged into coastal waters at "trace" level by current analytical methods. Wastes containing radioactive substance, inflammable solvents, floating solids of more than 1 mm, are not allowed to be discharged into coastal waters. 3.4 Central or local competent agencies can stipulate limit values and concentrations of the parameters in Table I more stringent depending on objectives, requirements on protection of a specific marine area. 3.5 Sampling, analysis, calculation, identification methods for each parameter and concentration are stipulated in corresponding TCVNs or by other methods stipulated by competent environment agencies. Table 1. Limit values and concentrations of pollutants in industrial effluents discharged into coastal waters used for protection of aquatic life Parameters Permissible levels Fl F2 F3 1. Color, Co-Pt at pH=7 50 50 50 2. Smell, sense No bad smell No bad smell No bad smell 3. pH 5 - 9 5 - 9 5 - 9 4. BOD5 (20 °C), mg/I 50 20 10 5. COD, mg/l 100 80 50 6. Total suspended solids, mg/I 100 80 50 7. Arsenic, As, mg/l 1 0.5 0.1 8. Lead, Pb, mg/i 1 0.5 0.5 9. Chrome VI, Cr, mg/I 1 0.5 0.1 10. Copper, Cu, mg/l 1 0.5 0.1 11. Zinc, Zn, mg/l 2 1 1 12. Manganese, Mn, mg/l 5 5 1 13. Mercury, Hg, mg/I 0.005 0.001 0.001 14. Total nitrogen (by N), mg/l 20 15 10 15. Mineral oil & grease, mg/l 10 5 5 16. Organic oil & grease, mg/l 30 20 10 17. Organic phosphorus, P, mg/l 0.5 0.2 0.2 18. Surface active substance, mg/l 10 5 5 19. Coliform, MPN/I00 ml 5000 5000 5000 Notes: F is volume of effluent, m3/day (24 hours) F1 - From 50 m3 up to 500 m3/day F2 - From 500 m3 up to 5000 m3/dav F3 - equal or more than 5000 m3/day TCVN 6987: 2001 Water quality - Standards for industrial effluents discharged into coastal waters used for water sports and recreation 3. Limit values 3.1 Limit values of parameters and concentrations of pollutants in wvastewater by discharge volume when discharged into rivers with different flow rates, shall not exceed the values'shown in Table 1. Parameters and concentrations of pollutants not stipulated in Table 1 are applied as stipulated in TCVN 5945: 1995. 3.2 Wastes containing biphenyl polychlorinated (PCB), poliaromat hydrocarbon (PAH) may only be discharged into coastal waters at "trace" level by current analytical methods. Wastes containing radioactive substance, inflammable solvents, floating solids of more than I mm, are not allowed to be discharged into coastal waters. 3.3 Sampling, analysis, calculation, and identification methods for each parameter and concentration are stipulated in corresponding TCVNs or by other methods stipulated by competent environment agencies. Table 1. Limit values and concentrations of pollutants in industrial effluents discharged into coastal waters used for water sports and recreation Parameters Permissible levels Fl F2 F3 1. Temperature, °C 50 50 50 2. Color, Co-Pt at pH=7 30 30 30 3. Smell, sense No bad smell No bad smell No bad smell 4. pH 5.5 - 8.5 5.5 - 8.5 5.5 - 8.5 5. BOD5 (20 °C), mg/l 50 40 30 6. COD, mg/l 100 80 50 7. Total suspended solids, mg I 100 80 60 8. Arsenic, As, mg/l 1 0.5 0.1 9. Lead, Pb, mg/l 0.5 0.4 0.4 10. Chrome VI, Cr, mg/I 1 0.5 0.1 11. Fluoride, F-, mg/I 25 25 15 12. Mercury, Hg, mg/l 0.005 0.004 0.004 13. Sulfide, mg/I 1 0.5 0.5 14. Total nitrogen (by N), mg 1 20 15 10 15. Total phosphorus, mg/l 6 5 4 16. Mineral oil & grease, mg/l 5 5 5 17. Organic oil & grease, mg/l 10 10 10 18. Surface active substance, mg/i 10 5 5 19. Coliform, MPN/100 ml 3000 3000 3000 Notes: F is volume of effluent, m3/day (24 hours) F I - From 50 m3 up to 500 m3/day F2 - From 500 m3 up to 5000 m3/day F3 - equal or more than 5000 m3/day Water quality - Fresh water quality guidelines for protection of aquatic lifes 1. Scope of application These standards applied as a guidline for assessment of suitable and safe surface water quality for aquatic life. 1.3. These standards applied as a foundation for requirement of water quality management to protect aquatic life. 2. Water quality for protection of aquatic life In order to protect aquatic life, all socio-economic activities relating to waste water and surface water exploitation and use do not change value of any parameter in the Table 1. Parameters Unit Standard Note 1. Disoluted Oxygen mail 5 Average dailv 2. Temperature oC Natural temperature in the Seasonal basin 3. BOD5, 200C mg/l < 10 4. Pesticide (organic clo) Aldrin/ Dieldrin 1lg/i < 0.008 Endrin zLl < 0.014 B.HC ug/'l < 0.13 DDT llg/l < 0.004 Endosulfan pIg/l < 0.01 Lindan pg/l 0.38 Clordan pz/' 0.02 Heptaclo pg/l 0.06 5. Pesticide (organic Phospho) Paration pg/I s 0.40 Malation lag/l S 0.32 6. Herbicide 24 D m, I < 0.45 2,4,5 D mm/l 0.16 Paraquat mg/I S 1.80 -7. CO, |mV/l < 12 8. pH 6.5 - 8.5 9. NH3 mg/l < 2.20 pH = 6.5, t°C = 15 1.33 pH = 8.0, t°C = 15 1.49 pH = 6.5, t°C = 20 0.93 pH = 8.0, t°C = 20 10. Xyanua mg/Il 0.005 11. Copper mg/I 0.002 - 0.004 Depend on hardness of water (CaCO3) 12. Asen mg/I 0.02 13. Crom mg/l s 0.02 14. Cadmi jig/i 0.80 - 1.80 Depend on hardness of water (CaCO3) 15. Lead (Pb) mg/l 0.002 - 0.007 Depend on hardness of water (CaCO3) 16. Selen mg/I 0.001 17. Mercury (total) pg/l S 0.10 18. Oil (mineral) mg/I Not see oily film, emulsion 19. Phenol (total) mg/l 0.02 20. Disolved solid mg/I s 1000 21. Suspended solid mg/I s 100 22. Surface active matters mg/I S 0.5 Drinking water quality (Promulgation based on Decision No 1329/2002/BYT/QD dated 18/4/2002 by Ministry of Health) A. Explaination of terminology - Drinking water: in these standards applied for drinking water, food processing, water in water treatment plants to provide for drinking and domestic uses. - The sense parameters: all parameters are impacted to the sense characteristic of water, if over the limited level making the difficulty for water users. B. Applied limitation The water uses for drinking, manufactory, food processing, water in pipe lines from urban water treatment plants, or water collection plants to provide for more than 500 people, C. Applied limitation The water uses for drinking, manufactory, food processing, water in pipe lines from urban water treatment plants, or water collection plants to provide for more than 500 people. ANNEX 7: SUMMARY OF RARE AND ENDANGERED SPECIES FOUND IN QUANG NINH PROVINCE Table 34: List of rare and endangered mammals found in Quang Ninh Province. Scientific Name Vietnamese Name English Name Redlist Retnamese Capnicomis SON DLUONG Serow (E) VU A2cd V Cervus nippon HLfOU SAO South China Sika V ________ _______ Tonkin Sika (E) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Lepus sinesis TH6 RUNG TRUNG R HO A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Phasianus colchicus TRT E_6 R Prionodon pardicolor cAy GAM R Rhinopdthecus VOOC MUI HtCH Tonkin S Ed CR Cl, E E Monkey (E) Ursusthibetanus GAU NGL/A Asiatic black bear (E) E Table 35: List of rare and endangered plants found in Quang Ninh Province. Scientific name Vietnamese name IUCN 2002 Vietnam Red Scientific name Vietnamese name Redlist Book Attingia Chinersis TAM R Madhuca pasquieri StN MAT VU Alcd k Sindora tonkinensis GU LAU V Cycas Micholitzii TUt LA X V Dacrydium pierrei HOANG DAN GIA K Podocarpus pilgeri THONG TRE LA NGAN R Markhamia DINH T Pinaceae Lindl THONG _ R Chukrasia tabularis LAT HOA k Vatica tonkinensis TAU MAT (K) Amomum zanthoides SA NHAN (K) Note for IUCN Redlist of Threatened Species EX: Extinct EW: Extinct in the wild CR: Critically and Endangered EN: Endangered VU: Vulnerable LR/cd: Lower Risk /Conservation Dependent LR/nt: Lower Risk /Near Threatened DD: Data Deficient Note for Vietnamese Red Book: (+) A group can be 5 - 6individuals Level V: Vulnerable Level E: Endangered Level R: Rare Level T: Threatened ANNEX 8: LOCATION OF MAJOR PROTECTED AREAS IN QUANG NIH PROVINCE Existing and proposed protected areas in Quang Ninh province Cac khu b3o v& hi&n c6 va de xuat a tinh Qu3ng Ninh 7X'I!arigScy v ri- s 4-jThr X -ac_ w r'xj .. ffnhi$p e^ c U VpCii L5ang -,06rg Hy' HLU APFrLSn Yen TtiE - in 1 nhjrHAiNihU t Ft9, hT -irn Son Yen BTan Y6 Luc Ngan e '4, §t Yen Luc Nag ¶ ] ~ ~ ~ O6ngTriew Je't TX G h jc Tran Dnh V ~~NamSbch"%-kB ,>T tnh ril huyi r , Ngun B anhitr8 > 1i qhr,t:zJei . , -ahLcn - 'TYt.J MGing dLQa n 6g[l vig,. Fir~~~Hn M06,r 114 6 THdig YeOn 1Dan on gtation typ ,' Kieu'rOng LJ-'T' t len giai Thanh uernr47L 1 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~cn El. Long V - Iqhita Hiurn Vegetation type I Kiiu rting Legend I Chij guii * Evergreen fonrec / Ring Ihid nga xanh Prolected area IKhu bao v4 * Coniferous forest / Ri ng la kim Provincial border / Ranh giai linh Deciduous foresi Risng rung ia (kb6p) - - -. siOici border f Ranh giai huy4n * Semi-deciduous foresi I Ring nua rung 1a * Limesione foresi / Ring noi da Bamboo I Ring ire nua * Planlalion fores I Rkng lr6ng N Grassland and scrub / D61 lrong Agricullural land I f3a nong nghitp W B Waier bodies I Ml nLdclc * Mangrove / RFing ngap mA n S Melalauca I Ring iram ANNEX 9: DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR PROTECTED AREAS IN QUANG NINH PROVINCE BirdLifee - INTERNATIONNALEUROPEA UNION AM PAND r WS=lUE Bai Chay Cultural and Histor'ical Site Alternative site name(s) None Province(s) Quang Ninh Status Decreed Management board established . 2 . N, No Latitude TOT°5 8'N Longitude 107°04'E Bio-unit I < TL:;:, - 06a - Tropical South China Bai Chay was included on Decision No. 194iCT of Urban expansion of Bai Chay town, particularly the Chair-man of the Council of Ministers, dated 9 that related to tourism development, can be expected to August 1986, which decreed the establishment of a 562 have negative impacts on the landscape of the cultural ha cultural and historical site (MARD 1997). To date, and historical site. however, an investment plan has not been prepared for the site and a mangement board has not been 0 - . . T - - established (FPD 1998). Bai Chay is not included on the 2010 list (FPD 1998), and can be considered to Bai Chay town is a well developed tourism resort have been recomnuended for removal from the national on the northern shore of Ha Long bay, which receives system of Special-use Forests. tens of thousands of domestic and foreign tourists each year. Ha Long bay was inscribed as a Natural World _ * ** * *Heritage Site by the UNESCO World Heritage Comunission in 1994 (see Cac Dao Vinh Ha Long site Bai Chay Cultural and Historical Site is located in card). Consequently, Bai Chay Cultural and Historical Ha Long City. The site lies on the western side of the Site has a potential role in protecting the scenic Cua Loc channel, which divides Bai Chay and Hong landscape of the world heritage site. Gai towns. The site covers a peninsula, which is bordered to the north by a lagoon, and to the south by the waters of Ha Long bay. The site ranges in elevation from sea level to 185 m. No infornation. The vegetation of Bai Chay Cultural and Historical None. Site is dominated by pine Pinus sp. plantation. The site has little or no biodiversity value Sourcebook of Existing and Proposed Protected Areas in Vietnam Updated 19102/01 BirdLife INTERNATIONAL EUROPEAN UNON TM AND ?OA*hG D&ETrr Cac Dao Vinh Ha Long Cultural and Historical Site Alternative site name(s) Ha Long bay Province(s) Quang Ninh Status Decreed Management board established ; Unknown i \1 Latitude 20°47' - 2100O'N Lonqitude 107°01' - 107°19'E Bio-unit 06a - Tropical South China 1 Tr,r'iz 5.i how this proposed protected area relates to the _ - * Vietnamese protected areas system. Cac Dao Vinh Ha Long [islands in Ha Long bay] According to ADB (1999), the site is managed by was designated as '' culturlaQuang Ninh Provincial People's Committee through was designated as a cultural and historical relic and teH ogbymngmn or.I sntcer national scenic spot on 28 April 1962, by Decision No. the r thi management board is 31 3/VH-VP of the Ministry of Culture and Information ronsber the Seis Forest ort Wr (ADB199). Sbseuenty, n 9Augut 186, he ite responsible for the Special-use Forest or the World (ADB 1999). Subsequently, on 9 August 1986, the site HetaeSe.acDoVhHaLnisotnlud was included on Decision No. 194/CT of the Chairman onrthe Sit D 1998). of the Council of Ministers as a 1,000 ha cultural and historical site (MARD 1997). To date, an investment plan for the cultural and historical site has not been prepared and the exact boundary has not been defined. A total of 1,969 islands and islets lie in Ha Long In 1993, the govemment of Vietnam proposed that bay (ADB 1999). The geology of these islands is Ha Long bay should be designated as a World Heritage characterised by limestone karst, of which there are Site, and in 1994, the site was inscribed as a Natural two major landforms: fengcong and fenglin karst World Heritage Site by the UNESCO World Heritage (Waltham 1998). Several of the larger islands reach Comrnission. The World Heritage Site covers an area elevations of over 200 m. The waters of the bay itself, of 43,400 ha, including around 700 islands (ADB however, are shallow, and reach depths of only 6 to 10 1999). m. None of the islands appear to have permanent In 1995, Ha Long bay, together with Cat Ba island, surface water features. was included on a proposed list of marine protected areas prepared by Hai Phong Institute of Oceanography _ (Nguyen Huy Yet and Vo Si Tuan 1995). Only a limited amount of biological research has In 1999, the Asian Development Bank (ADB 1999) been conducted in Ha Long bay to date, and proposed establishing a 155,300 ha protected area information on its biodiversity value is limited. The called Ha Long Bay Natural Landscape. It is not clear islands in the bay support limestone forest, although the vegetation cover is often sparse and low, as a result Sourcebook of Existing and Proposed Protected Areas in Vietnam Updated 19102101 |_____ Cac Dao Vinh Ha Long Cultural and Historical Site of hunan disturbance and the precipitous nature of the refers to a local legend that the islands were formed by topography. The islands support a diverse flora. which a celestial dragon and her children, who spat out great includes a number of endemic species. For instance, quantities of pearls to place a chain of razor-sharp during a recent botanical survey by the Institute of mountains across the path of an invading enemy fleet Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR) and IUCN, (Dodd and Lewis 1997). The fact that Ha Long bay has seven plant species new to science were discovered: been designated as a World Heritage Site enhances its Livistona halongensis, Impatiens halongensis, Chirita appeal to tourists. halongensis, C hiepii, C modesta, Paraboea halongensis and Alpinia calcicola (Vietnam News _ - 2000a). The islands in Ha Long bay support a high diversity The goverment of Vietnam and the Japanese International Co-operation Agency (JICA} of snail species, including 60 that are endermic to the commissioned a comprehensive environnBental study site. Of particular note IS the high diversity of true cousindaomrhsvenio etlsuy site-dwe.lOf gticula notecies that occurat the h r te of pollution in the World Heritage Site and the coastal cave-dwelling snail species that occur at the site (Vermeulen and Whitten 1998). area adjacent to Ha Long city. This study, which investigated a range of pollution sources and indicators, was to be concluded in October 1999. In 2000. with funding from the Royal Netherlands Ha Long, Hai Phong and Hanoi cities are the major Embassy, an illustrated guide to selected plant species centres of economic growth in northem Vietnam. of the islands in Ha Long bay was compiled and Economic development in these cities, together wvith published by IUCN in collaboration with the Ha Long the growing affluence of areas of southern China, bay management board. The aim of the project was to including Hong Kong, is leading to increased human raise awareness among domestic and foreign tourists of pressure on the Ha Long bay area. The coastal zone of the interesting and unique plants found in the area Quang Ninh province and Hai Phong city is currently (Vietnam News 2000a). expefiencing rapid growth in infrastructure As part of the European-Union-funded project development, particularly in the transport, shipping, Capacirv 3uildingfor Environmental Management in coal mining and tourism sectors. a ietnam, the Free University of Brussels, Belgium, and ADB (1999) consider the development of a new the Institute of Geography and the University of port in Ha Long bay, which could lead to an increase in Natural Sciences, Vietnam, have developed a shipping traffic through the site, and development of Geographical Information System (GIS) database for tourism infrastructure, to be major threats to the site. Quang Ninh province, which includes Ha Long bay. Industrial waste and fisheries management have also A World Bank project for the comprehensive been cited as threats. Waltham (1998) notes that there development of Quang Ninh and Hai Phong was still in is a continuing need for careful control of development the design phase in 1999 (ADB 1999). within Ha Long bay by a management structure that gives due respect to the important environmental values of the site. ADB (1999) Draft coastal and marine protected areas plan. Hanoi: Asian Development Bank. . Ha Long bay is one of the most visited sites by both Anon. (1997) [Report on the seminar on domestic and foreign tourists in Vietnam. In 1998, development planning for the Ha Long-Cat Ba tourism 186,328 domestic tourists and 113,869 foreign tourists area, 28-30 April 1997]. Ha Long: Quang Ninh visited Ha Long bay (ADB 1999). The main attraction Provincial People's Committee and Hai Phong City is the unparalleled landscape of limestone karst islands. People's Committee. In Vietnamese. The name Ha Long means dragon descending, and Sourcebook of Existing and Proposed Protected Areas in Vietnam Updated 19102101 |_____ Cac Dao Vinh Ha Long Cultural and Historical Site Anon. (1999) Ha Long bay: between myth and Storey, R. and Robinson, D. (1995) Lonely planet reality. Vietnam Cultural Window 13. travel survival kit: Vietnam. Third edition. Hawthom: Anon. (1999) Ha Long bay (Vietnam). Unpublished Lonely Planet Publications. extract from draft report of the rapporteur, twenty-third Verneulen, J. J. and Whitten, A. J. (1998) Land session of the Bureau of the World Heritage and freshwater molluscs of the karst regions ENE of Comrnittee, 5-10 July 1999. Haiphong and the Cuc Phuong National Park, northern Cheung, C.P.S. (1992) Report on a visit to the Vietnam. Unpublished report to [UCN Vietnam, Fauna coasts of Vietnam. Unpublished report to WWF Asian and Flora International Indochina Programme and the Region. Management Authorities of Ha Long Bay World Heritage Site and Cat Ba and Cuc Phuong National Deharveng, L. (1998) Ha Long bay biodiversity Parks. survey, Cave fauna. Unpublished report. Vietnam News (2000a) Seven new species mark Ha Dodd, J. and Lewis, M. (1996) Vietnam: the rough Long's botanic bounty. Vietnam News I August 2000. guide. London: Rough Guides. Vietnam News (2000b) Ha Long eco-museum to * Glover, 1. C. and Ha Huu Nga (1998) Assessment involve public. Vietnam News I September 2000. of the archaeological resources of the World Heritage Siteat H Log Ba, Qung inh rovice,Vietam. Vietnam News Agency (2000) Ha Long bay listed Unpubisathed repong Bay, Quang NInstie profrchaeo , VUNESCO's world geological heritage. Press release by Unpublished report to the Institute of Archaeology, Vietnam News Agency, December 2000. University College London and the Institute of Archaeology, Hanoi. Vietnam News Agency (2000) Vietnam's Ha Long IUCN (2000) [Seven new plants discovered in bay applies for geological heritage listing. Press release Halong Bay World Heritage Site]. Press release by by Vietnam News Agency, 6 September 2000. IUCN Vietnam Office, 31 July 2000. In Vietnamese. Waltham, T. (1998) Limestone karst of Ha Long IUCN (2000) Seven new plants discovered in Bay, Vietnam: an assessment of the karst IUCN~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~~~~~goorhlg of00 thee Worl Heritas Site.redm Halong Bay, World Heritage Site. Press release by geomorphology of the World Heritage Site. IUCN Vietnam Office, 31 July 2000. Unpublished report to Nottingham Trent University. KNCCN, IEBR and HNU (1997) Ecosystem and biodiversity of Cat Ba National Park and Ha Long bay, Vietnam. Seoul: The Korean National Council for Conservation of Nature, the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi, and Hanoi National University. Nguyen Chu Hoi, Nguyen Huy Yet and Dang Ngoc Thanh (1998) [Scientific basis for marine protected areas planning]. Hai Phong: Hai Phong Institute of Oceanography. In Vietnamese. Nguyen Huy Yet and Vo Si Tuan (1995) [Information on proposed marine protected areas on the coast of Vietnam]. Hai Phong: Hai Phong Institute of Oceanography. In Vietnamese. Nguyen Tien Hiep, Kiew, R. and Gibbs, W. (2000) Wild plants of Ha Long bay. Hanoi: Thanh Nhien Publishing House. In English and Vietnamese. Sourcebook of Existing and Proposed Protected Areas in Vietnam Updated 19102101 Birdfe ii INTERNATIONAL EUROPEAN UNION ANDFEOr w5TORY Dao Cat Ba Proposed Marine Protected Area Alternative site name(s) Cat Ba archipelago, Cat Ba-Ha Long Province(s) Hai Phong Status Proposed Management board established No Latitude 20°41' - 22014'N Lonqitude 106 58'- 107°14'E Bio-unitr - 06a - Tropical South China Trir.'i R, (Nguyen Chu Hoi et a. eds. 1998). This area * - * - comprised the marine component of Cat Ba National Park together with an additional 5,100 ha of marine The establishment of Cat Ba National Park was waters and small islands. decreed on 31 March 1986, following Decision No. In 1999, the proposal to establish a marine 79/CT of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers protected area at Dao Cat Ba was reiterated by the (MARD 1997). The total area of the national park Asian Development Bank (ADB 1999) in their marine given in this decision was 15,200 ha, comprising a and coastal protected areas systems plan for Vietnam. terrestrial component of 9.800 ha and a mari'ne In the ADB proposal. the area of the site was given as component of 5,400 ha (see Cat Ba National Park site 20,700 ha, comprising a marine component of 10,900 card). The terrestrial component of Cat Ba National ha and a terrestrial component of 9,800 ha. Because Park is currently under the management of the national there is as yet no formal legal framework for park management board. However, Cat Hai District establishing marine protected areas (ADB 1999), it is Fisheries Department holds the rights to utilise the not clear whether, in the future, Dao Cat Ba will be marine component (ADB 1999). The relationship established as a separate protected area, or simply between the national park management board and the .. . . ~~~~~~~~~managed as part of Cat Ba National Park, with a district fisheries department is not clear, clearer remit for protecting the marine ecosystem. Cat Ba National Park was the first national-level As the terrestrial component is currently under the protected area in Vietnam to include a marine management of Cat Ba National Park Management component. However, the marine component has never Board, it is assumed that any future marine protected been clearly delineated, nor has its management regime area will comprise only the marine component. been adequately defined. In 1995, the Hai Phong Consequently, this site card only reviews the marine Institute of Oceanography proposed establishing a marie potetedareacaled at a-HaLon, wich component of Dao Cat Ba proposed marine protected mafine pte r carea as proposed by ADB (1999); for a review of the included the marine component of Cat Ba National terrestrial component, readers should refer to the Cat Park (Nguyen Huy Yet and Vo Si Tuan 1995). Dao Cat Ba National Park site card. Ba was subsequently included on a list of 16 proposed marine protected areas compiled on behalf of MOSTE in 1998, with an area of approximately 10,500 ha Sourcebook of Existing and Proposed Protected Areas in Vietnam Updated 19102101 Dao Cat Ba Proposed Marine Protected Area U966 .6-* 6_I 006 - - g Dao Cat Ba proposed marine protected area is Dao Cat Ba proposed marine protected area located in Cat Hai district, Hai Phong city. The harbours rich fisheries resources, including many proposed marine protected area is centred on the Cat species of economic importance. The area is an Ba archipelago, which consists of one large island and important fishing ground for both local people and 366 smaller islands located approximately 30 kan east people from other coastal areas of Vietnam (ADB of Hai Phong city and immediately to the west of Ha 1999). Long bay. Dao Cat Ba proposed marine protected area Dao Cat Ba proposed marine protected area borders covers the marine waters and small islands to the east Ha Long Bay World Heritage Site, and is part of the of Cat Ba island. The islands in the proposed marine resource base for an expanding tourism industry. protected area have sirnilar topography to the islands in Tourism now makes a significant contribution to the Ha Long bay, being composed of limestone karst and local economy, and many visitors to Cat Ba island visit rising abruptly from the sea. The surrounding marine the proposed marine protected area by boat. Well waters are relatively shallow, with an average depth of managed eco-tourism has the potential to reduce around 13 m... existing pressures on the natural resources of the area as well as to boost the local economy (ADB 1999). _ _ ~6 Dao Cat Ba proposed marine protected area supports a wide range of natural habitat types, including coral reefs, seagrass beds, mangroves and, on Te Assis call Coatal a rine technical assistance called Coastal and Marine the islands, limestone forest. The known marine Environment Management in the South China Sea biodiversity of Dao Cat Ba is high relative to other (East Sea), partly supported by a grant from the proposed marine protected areas in northern Vietnam, Swedish Development Cooperation Agency. This although this rnight reflect higher levels of survey project aims to promote improved management of effort rather than any difference in actual levels of coastal and marine resources in the region, and is being biodiversity. To date, 199 phvtoplankton species, 89 implemented by MOSTE. Under this project, a draft zooplankton species, 75 seaweed species, 160 coral coastal and marine protected area systems plan for species, 4765 zoobenthic species and three seagrass Vietnam has been compiled, which reviews a number species have been recorded at Dao Cat Ba (ADB of candidate sites for inclusion within a revised I1999). national system of 30 marine and coastal protected areas. Dao Cat Ba is included in this plan. Cat Ba National Park is the focus of several other ADB (1999) identify several major threats to Dao projects (see Cat Ba National Park site card). However, Cat Ba proposed marine protected area. Firstly. the none of these are focussed specifically on the area coral reefs at the site are being threatened by siltation, included within Dao Cat Ba proposed marine protected dynamite fishing and excavation. Secondly, fish stocks area. are being depleted by unsustainable fishing practices, including the use of fine-mesh nets, poisons and _ electric fishing. Thirdly, the marine environment is being polluted by marine traffic and effluent from ADB (1998) Coastal and marine environmental ports, industry and agricultural land in the Hai Phong management in the South China Sea (East Sea): phase area. Furthermore, ADB (1999) recognise low levels of 2, inception report. Hanoi: Asian Development Bank. awareness of environmental issues among local people ADB (1999) Draf coastal and marine protected and the lack of a system of boundary markers as areas plan. Hanoi: Asian Development Bank. obstacles to marine conservation. Sourcebook of Existing and Proposed Protected Areas in Vietnam Updated 19/02/01 Dao Cat Ba Proposed Marine Protected Area Cheung, C.P.S. (1992) Report on a visit to the coasts of Vietnam. Unpublished report to WWF Asian Region. EVS (1996) Coastal and marine environmental management for Ha Long bav, Socialist Republic of Vietnam: final report. Vancouver: EVS Environmental Consultants. Nguyen Chu Hoi, Ngtiyen Huy Yet and Dang Ngoc Thanh eds. (1998) [Scientific basis for marine protected areas planning]. Hai Phong: Hai Phong Institute of Oceanography. In Vietnamese. Nguyen Huy Yet and Vo Si Tuan (1995) (Information on proposed marine protected areas on the coast of Vietnam]. Hai Phong: Hai Phong Institute of Oceanography. In Vietnamese. Scott, D. A. (1989) A directory of Asian wetlands. Gland: IUCN. Sourcebook of Existing and Proposed Protected Areas in Vietnam Updated 19102/01 _ _ _ _ BirdLife OP1 O N1>1TERY1 AT NA L EtmoPEA?4 UNION ThE EUaEOP nAN UlnO Ky Thuong Proposed Nature Reserve Alternative site name(s) Dong Son-Ky Thuong Province(s) Quang Ninh Status Proposed Management board established No .112 Xi Latitude 21°-05' - 21012'N Longitude I 106u56' -107u13'E Bio-unit s r 06a - Tropical South China . r -. Hong Gai. Ky Thuong proposed nature reserve ranges * _ * _ in elevalion from c. 150 to c. I,120 m. Ky Thuong proposed nature reserve is located in Dong Son, Dong Lam and Ky Thuong communes, Hoanh Bo district, Quang Ninh province (Tordoffet al. The natural vegetation types at Ky Thuong 2000). The 2010 list includes a proposal to establish a proposed nature reserve are lowland evergreen forest 17,640 ha nature reserve at Ky Thuong (FPD 1998). and lower montane evergreen forest. The primary This proposal was supported by Wege et al (1999). forest is dominated by Hopea chinensis, Canarirmn who proposed establishing a protected area at Ky album, Cinnamomum obtusa, Madhuca pasquieri, Thuong in order to increase the proportion of Lithocarpus ducampii, Englehardia roxburghiana, evergreen forest in the Northern Indochina Subtropical Svzygium spp. and Schefflera octophylla. The proposed Forests Ecoregion with protected area status. nature reserve also contains significant areas of An investment plan for Ky Thuong proposed nature secondary forest, characterised by Liquidambar reserve was prepared by North-eastern Sub-FIPI in formosana, Cratoxylon sp., Vernonia arborea and 1993 (Anon. 1993). The head of the forest protection Mallomus spp. (Tordoffet al. 2000). section of Quang Ninh Provincial FPD reported that Ky Thuong proposed nature reserve supports viable the investment plan had been approved by MARD but populations of few mammal and bird species of a management board had not yet been established conservation importance. However, Ky Thuong may (Tordoff et al. 2000). Currently. the site is managed by be one of the few places in Vietnam to support a viable Hoanh Bo District FPD. population of Raccoon-dog Nycrereutes procyonoides (Tordoff et al. 2000). _ I * p p p 0* Although, in places, the forest has been cleared or degraded, Ky Thuong supports one of the largest Ky Thuong proposed nature reserve is situated on a remaining areas of evergreen forest in north-eastern mountain ridge, which runs from west to east. Streams Venam (reof evegr. 2000). Accortocte Vietnam (Tordoff et al. 2000). According to the in the north of the proposed nature reserve flow north, into the Ba Che river, while streams in the south of the Investment plan (Anon. 1993), Ky Thuong proposed inature thesBae flowverut, whienstrean the soulf of T ath nature reserve supports 10,549 ha of natural forest, nature reserve flow south, into the Gulf of Tonkin at Sourcebook of Existing and Proposed Protected Areas in Vietnam Updated 19/02/01 ______ Ky Thuong Proposed Nature Reserve equivalent to 60% of the total area. This is consistent Enterprise manages a total of 2,804 ha of plantation with 1993 land-use data provided by Quang Ninh forest and is actively replanting bare land with Acacia Provincial FPD, which indicate that the proposed mangium and Pinus kesyia, it continues to exploit nature reserve supports 10,501 ha of natural forest natural forest: of the 1,449 m3 of timber extracted (Tordoffet aL 2000). during 1999, only 348 m3 (24% of the total) were extracted from plantation forest. If this trend continues, I PiQ Avr-A tL611Z 1441 natural forest will gradually be replaced by plantation forest (Tordoff et al. 2000). It would appear that'hunting represents a serious Ky Thuong proposed nature reserve and the threat to biodiversity at Ky Thuong proposed nature surrounding area also have an important role in reserve. The presence of logging roads through the watershed protection. A total of 4,349 ha of forest land proposed nature reserve mean that most areas of forest under the management of Hoanh Bo Forest Enterprise are easily accessible. Additionally, groups of loggers are designated as watershed protection forest, for the living in camps in the forest may be contributing to the hunting pressure on animal populations (Tordoff et al pose of et th we u y C P 2000). town (Tordoffet at. 2000). Another major threat to biodiversity at Ky Thuong =. proposed nature reserve is timber extraction, which is causing a steady decline in forest quality and extent in No information. the area. Currently, the activities of Hoanh Bo Forest Enterprise are contributing greatly to this decline, both =}_ - directly, by extracting forest products, and indirectly, by constructing logging roads, which facilitate illegal Anon. (1993) [Investment plan for Dong Son-Ky logging (Tordoffet al. 2000). Thuong Nature Reserve, Hoang Bo district, Quang Ninh province]. Viet Tri: North-eastern Sub-FIPI. In The boundary of the proposed nature reserve Vitae. defined in the investment plan (Anon. 1993) includes Vietnamese. five villages: Khe Luong and Khe Phuong in Ky Anon. (1993) [Report on Dong Son-Ky Thuong Thuong commune, Tan Oc and Phu Lien in Dong Son Nature Reserve, Hoanh Bo district, Quang Ninh commune, and Dong Tra in Dong Lam commune. province]. Ha Long: Quang Ninh Provincial People's These villages have a total population of 1,700 people Committee. In Vietnamese. in 260 households. The presence of so many people Kotelat, M. (1998) Fishes observed on Cat Ba within Ky Thuong proposed nature reserve present island and in Quang Ninh province between 20 Sept serious problems for its management, and, and 5 Oct 1998. Unpublished report. consequently, Tordoff et al. (2000) recommended that these villages should be excluded from the nature Tordoff, A. W., Vu Van Dung, Le Van Cham, Tran reserve. Quang Ngoc and Dang Thang Long (2000) A rapid field survey of five sites in Bac Kan, Cao Bang and * _ _ * _ - - _ Quang Ninh provinces: a review of the Northem Indochina Subtropical Forests Ecoregion. Hanoi: Ky Thuong proposed nature reserve and the BirdLife Intemational Vietnam Programme and the surrounding area are currently the focus of commercial Forest Inventory and Planning Institute. In English and forestry activities. At present, 16,827 ha of forest land Vietnamese. in Hoanh Bo district are under the management of Hoanh Bo Forest Enterprise, including 4,516 ha of production forest. The main duty of Hoanh Bo Forest Enterprise is to supply wood to coal mining companies in Quang Ninh province. While Hoanh Bo Forest Sourcebook of Existing and Proposed Protected Areas in Vietnam Updated 19102101 BlirdLfe INTERNATIONAL EUROPEAN UNION THE FOREMT DVDJTORY AND PL--fM _Sfi Yen Tu Nature Reserve Alternative site name(s) Nui Yen Tu Province(s) Quang Ninh and Bac Giang Status Decreed Management boerd established I.. Yes , , Latitude 21°10O'N Lonqitude 106 42'E r Bio-unit r 06a - Tropical South China U-J!g1--jQW_ , W TO Yen Tu was included on Decision No. 194/CT of Yen Tu Nature Reserve is located on the ridge of the Chairman of the Council of NMinisters, dated 9 mountains that forms the border between Dong Trieu August 1986, which decreed the establishment of a district, Quang Ninh province, and Son Dong district, 2,000 ha nature reserve in Quang Ninh province and a Bac Giang province. The nature reserve is centred on contiguous 3,000 ha nature reserve in former Ha Bac the 1,068 metre-high Mount Yen Tu, the highest point (currently Bac Giang) province (WARD 1997). An along this ridge. Streams originating on the northem investment plan for the nature reserve in Quang Ninh face of the ridge flow north, into the Luc Ngan river, province was approved by the provincial people's while streams originating on the southem face flow committee in 1995, and a management board was then south, and feed the Kinh Thay river. established. This investment plan gave the total area of the nature reserve as 3.040 ha, including 1,914 ha of = * forest (FPD 1998). The process of establishing the nature reserve in Bac Giang province is less advanced. Remote sensing data indicate that Yen Tu Nature However, Bac Giang Provincial FPD (pers. comm.) Reserve supports a significant area of evergreen forest, report that they are planning to prepare an investment and that the nature reserve may be linked to Ky plan for a nature reserve with an area of 13,098 ha, Thuong proposed nature reserve by a corridor of including 11,523 ha of forest. natural forest. It would appear, therefore, that Yen Tu Nature Reserve supports part of one of the largest Yen Tu is Included on a proposed list of Special- reann ra feegee oeti ot-atr use Forests currently being prepared bv FPD and FIPI Vietnam. This forest type has been extensively cleared as two separate sites: a 3,040 ha nature reserve In as two sepraeste:a340aatueesevei from areas of Vietnam east of the Red River, and, as a Quang Ninh province and a 13,098 ha nature reserve in Quag Nianh province (FPDand FP13098ha inatrep.). reserresult, Yen Tu may support viable populations of plant Bac Giang province (FPD and FIPI in prep.). and animal species that are no longer found elsewhere in the country. Detailed surveys, particularly of plants and invertebrates, are required, however, before further conclusions can be drawn, Sourcebook of Existing and Proposed Protected Areas in Vietnam Updated 20102101 Yen Tu Nature Reserve Initial surveys have already been conducted on the Nguyen Van Sang, Nguyen Quang Truong and vertebrate fauna of Yen Tu Nature Reserve. During Nguyen Truong Son (2000) Preliminary results of the 2000, a survey by the IEBR Zoology Department survey on herpetofauna in Yen Tu mountain area. Tap (2000) recorded 45 mammal species, 143 bird species, Chi Sinh Hoc [Joumal of Biology] 22(15)CD: 11-14. 26 reptile species and 22 amphibian species (excluding In Vietnamese. species listed on the basis of past reports). Notable Vietnam News (2000) Yen Tu forest destroyed. mammal records included Raccoon-dog Nyctereutes Vietnam News 15 July 2000. procyonoides, a species with a limnited distribution within Vietnam, and the globally threatened Owston's Banded Civet Hemigalus owcstoni. Few of the bird species recorded at the site are of global conservation concem, with the exception of the globally near- threatened Bar-bellied Pitta Pitta elliotii. Finally, three amphibians recorded at the site are believed to be endemic to Vietnam: Rana maosonensis, R. chapaensis and R. sauteri. Illegal logging appears to be a serious threat to biodiversirv at Yen Tu Nature Reserve. In July 2000, Vietnam News (2000) reported that illegal loggers, taking advantage of rough terrain and limited forest protection, had logged 1,000 ha of forest in the Yen Tu area since late 1999. Loggers reportedly used explosives to clear access roads, and employed local people from surrounding areas to assist with the logging. Yen Tu is a popular site for tourism, and receives a significant number of domestic tourists from Hanoi, Hai Phong and elsewhere in northem Vietnam. There are several temples on the Quang Ninh side, and a trail leading to the top of Mount Yen Tu. No inforrnation. Department of Zoology, IEBR (2000) [Survey of the fauna (mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians) of Yen Tu mountain]. Hanoi: Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources. In Vietnamese. Sourcebook of Existing and Proposed Protected Areas in Vietnam Updated 20102101