The World Bank West Africa Coastal Areas Resilience Investment Project II (P175525) Project Information Document (PID) Concept Stage | Date Prepared/Updated: 22-Feb-2021 | Report No: PIDC30767 Feb 16, 2021 Page 1 of 15 The World Bank West Africa Coastal Areas Resilience Investment Project II (P175525) BASIC INFORMATION A. Basic Project Data OPS TABLE Country Project ID Parent Project ID (if any) Project Name Western Africa P175525 West Africa Coastal Areas Resilience Investment Project II (P175525) Region Estimated Appraisal Date Estimated Board Date Practice Area (Lead) AFRICA WEST Sep 08, 2021 Feb 23, 2022 Environment, Natural Resources & the Blue Economy Financing Instrument Borrower(s) Implementing Agency Investment Project Financing West Africa Economic and Ministry of Environment, Monetary Union Science, Technology & (WAEMU),Government of Innovation (MESTI), Ministry Ghana,Government of of Environment and Guinea Bissau Biodiversity (MAB), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Proposed Development Objective(s) To strengthen the resilience of targeted communities and areas in coastal Western Africa. PROJECT FINANCING DATA (US$, Millions) SUMMARY-NewFin1 Total Project Cost 117.00 Total Financing 117.00 of which IBRD/IDA 117.00 Financing Gap 0.00 DETAILS -NewFinEnh1 World Bank Group Financing International Development Association (IDA) 117.00 Feb 16, 2021 Page 2 of 15 The World Bank West Africa Coastal Areas Resilience Investment Project II (P175525) IDA Credit 84.00 IDA Grant 33.00 Environmental and Social Risk Classification Concept Review Decision High Track II-The review did authorize the preparation to continue Other Decision (as needed) B. Introduction and Context Regional Context 1. The West African coastline, spanning from Mauritania to Gabon, includes 17 countries1 that are at varying stages of economic development. Eight of the countries2 have a per capita gross domestic product (GDP) below US$1,000, ranking among the lowest in the world. Many of these countries have gone through conflict or political and social unrest over the last 10 years. 2. The COVID-19 pandemic is undermining the livelihoods of millions of coastal-dependent households. In West Africa, the impacts of COVID-19 and the response measures include both reduced incomes as well as disrupted value chains. The direct impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on West African countries are significant. For example, in Guinea Bissau, negative growth of 2.4 percent is expected in 2020, compared to a 4.5 percent expansion in 2019. And in Ghana, economic growth is expected to be reduced from 6.5 percent in 2019 to 1.1 percent in 2020. As the pandemic-related impacts persist and develop, strategic and necessary investments in coastal resilience are needed so countries have the fiscal space to face priorities for pandemic response for a green, resilient, and inclusive Recovery.3 3. Coastal areas in West Africa are essential for livelihoods and economic growth. Although the West African economies have been growing steadily,4 the countries continue to be heavily dependent on natural resources such as fisheries, fossil fuel, minerals, and timber. A very large proportion, about 56 percent, of West Africa’s GDP is generated from its coastal areas.5 The West African coastal areas (WACA)6 are home to almost one-third of the countries’ population. 1 The 17 countries are Benin, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mauritania, Nigeria, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, The Gambia, and Togo. 2 Benin, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, The Gambia, and Togo. Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database. 3 Green, Resilient, and Inclusive Recovery: https://blogs.worldbank.org/nasikiliza/supporting-green-resilient-and-inclusive-recovery-west-africas- coast 4 Between 2010 and 2015, the economies grew at 5 percent annually on average and inflation was low or generally contained despite some spikes. 5 Croitoru, Lelia, Juan José Miranda and Maria Sarraf, 2020. The Cost of Coastal Zone Degradation in West Africa: Benin, Cote d’Ivoire, Se negal, and Togo. The World Bank. 6 The term ‘coastal zone’ or ‘coastal areas’ in the context of WACA, as per U.S. Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, means that the coastal waters (including the lands therein and thereunder) and the adjacent shorelands (including the waters therein and thereunder) are strongly Feb 16, 2021 Page 3 of 15 The World Bank West Africa Coastal Areas Resilience Investment Project II (P175525) Across Sub-Saharan Africa, the urban population, largely located in the coastal areas, is growing at an annual rate of 4 percent, almost twice the worldwide average of 2.1 percent. 4. In West Africa, rapid urbanization and net migration to the coast increase the demands on the land, its resources, and the services its ecosystem provides to people. Poverty is rampant with 15 out of the 17 coastal countries having national poverty rates above 30 percent, although there are large variations. Oil-producing Ghana has the lowest poverty rate (24 percent), while Equatorial Guinea, also an oil-producing country, has the highest (over 70 percent).7 Sectoral and Institutional Context 5. The sand in the coastal zone of West Africa can be compared to a ‘sand river’ maintained by a strong wave - driven longshore transport of silt, sand, and gravel. The sediments originate from rivers and large coastal sand deposits. The destabilization of the sediments has many causes as sand is retained and blocked behind dams, interrupted by harbor jetties, and extracted (mined) for a variety of uses including aggregate in concrete for building infrastructure. Managing the sediment and the ecosystems it supports within the context of climate change is already a transboundary development challenge. 6. The sandy coastal barrier is eroding at many locations, and the highest rates of retreat (in the order of 10 m per year or more) occur near river mouths and harbor jetties, that is, in the most urbanized areas.8 The effect of coastal retreat on people is loss of housing, assets, and land. The situation is further compounded by the lack of coordination of anti-erosion solutions, at local, national, and regional levels. The West African coastline is also susceptible to increased flooding caused by storm surges and intense rainstorms. 7. The coastal population is increasingly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, especially the poor, whose already precarious livelihoods depend on the quality and quantity of natural resources. Every year, an average of 500,000 people in the region are threatened by floods and aggravated coastal erosion. Economic losses have been estimated at US$ 3.8 billion in 2017 for four of the West Africa countries (Benin, Cote d’Ivoire, Togo, and Senegal) and represented 5.2% of the GDP’s of the countries that year.9 8. Coastal and marine pollution affects the quality of coastal ecoystems, and over 80 percent of such pollution originates from land-based sources, primarily industrial, agricultural, and urban.10 These include agricultural pesticides, heavy metals, chemicals, and effluents from industries and mining, and untreated solid and liquid waste from urban areas. Offshore oil drilling and abandoned oil platforms pose a high risk for oil spills, with transboundary impacts on neighboring countries. Much of the plastic waste and chemicals have bioaccumulation properties that are harmful to people who ingest these toxins through the food web. influenced by each other and near the shorelines of the coastal states and includes islands, transitional and intertidal areas, salt marshes, wetlands, and beaches. 7 World Bank data analysis. Source: EMDAT Disasters Database for 17 WACA countries between 2000 and 2017. 8 Alessio, Giardino, Schrijvershof Reinier, Brière Christophe, Nederhoff Kees, Tonnon Pie ter Koen, and Caires Sofia, 2017. “Human Interventions and Climate Change Impacts on the West African Coastal Sand River.� Washington, DC: World Bank. 9 Croitoru, Lelia, Juan José Miranda and Maria Sarraf, 2020. The Cost of Coastal Zone Degradation in West Africa: Benin, Cote d’Ivoire, Senegal, and Togo. The World Bank. 10 UN World Ocean Assessment (WOA-1), 2016, Chapter 25. Feb 16, 2021 Page 4 of 15 The World Bank West Africa Coastal Areas Resilience Investment Project II (P175525) 9. Natural habitat management needs to be viewed through a regional lens. Protecting ecosystems in Guinea Bissau is a regional priority. Migratory species such as marine turtles and waterfowl on the East-Atlantic flyway are particularly linked and justifies habitat protection along all certain geographic locations. 10. Degradation of coastal resources and ecosystems is accelerating due to increasing population pressure on the coast, demand for resources, unplanned coastal development, and climate change. The deterioration of the coast is leading to significant and potentially irreversible loss of critical ecosystems such as beaches, wetlands, and mangroves, which provide important protective and social services (livelihoods, food, protection from storm surges, and timber). 11. The livelihood and well-being of the coastal population is intricately entwined with the health of coastal resources, with profound implications for poverty alleviation and economic growth. This natural resource base, if well managed under the governance of accountable institutions, could transform the economy, reduce poverty, and improve the lives of its citizens. Similarly, preserving important ecosystem services (fisheries, flood protection, etc.) and investing in coastal and marine protected areas is critical if the ecosystem services and future economic opportunities are to be preserved. 12. Social sustainability is essential to resilience. Learning from the World Bank portfolio on social sustainability in West Africa suggests that the interplay and intersectionality across social inclusion, social empowerment, and citizen engagement is essential for resilience. The challenges of COVID-19, climate change, and concerns of exclusion and rising inequality have underscored the need to step up the engagement in these areas. Good practice shows that supporting and empowering communities to diversify (such as, through alternative livelihoods), and promoting citizen engagement can strengthen resilience initiatives. Attention needs to be paid to gender disparities and challenges faced by the vulnerable or disadvantaged segments of society, including youth, persons with disabilities, and the extreme poor. 13. Climate change and climate variability are predicted to further aggravate existing physical, ecological, biological, and socioeconomic stresses on the coast. Increased frequency and intensity of storm surges and sea level rise will exacerbate coastal erosion. Inundation of the natural habitats, such as mangroves, will result in loss of key functions (such as stabilizing coastal lands, providing breeding grounds and sheltered habitats for many species) and disruption of the economic activities they support. Sea-level, storm surges, and hazards are expected to increase and may modify littoral sediment transport and these events are likely to be more frequent and occur with greater intensity in the future.11 14. Management of coastal ecosystems is complex and requires regionally coordinated and integrated planning. Although some of the anthropogenic interventions have only a local effect, others have a much larger spatial effect. For example, the effect of worsening coastal erosion after 30 years on the port of Lomé extends up to nearly 50 km.12 15. Policy, regulatory, and institutional frameworks are not sufficiently developed to govern coastal areas and conserve the environmental assets. Poor management of coastal areas in West Africa has many causes including lack of or sometimes conflicting regulation, weak enforcement, and ill-defined rules about property rights. Strengthening the regulatory, incentive, and institutional frameworks for better governance of coastal areas is key to putting development planning on a healthy path and maintaining strategic environmental assets, including coastal areas. 16. The current arrangements of single institutions each having their separate areas of responsibility for coastal zone management is insufficient. Coastal management is often the responsibility of institutions with relatively limited 11 World Bank, 2020. Effects of Climate Change on Coastal Erosion and Flooding in Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Mauritania, Senegal, and Togo. Technical Report for the World Bank. 12 Alessio, Giardino, Schrijvershof Reinier, Brière Christophe, Nederhoff Kees, Tonnon Pieter Koen, and Caires Sofia. 2017. “Hum an Interventions and Climate Change Impacts on the West African Coastal Sand River.� Washington, DC: World Bank. Feb 16, 2021 Page 5 of 15 The World Bank West Africa Coastal Areas Resilience Investment Project II (P175525) convening power or capacity to integrate issues into national policy and planning. Coordination is further hampered by the large number of national institutions that gather and manage information relevant to coastal management. Countries are engaged and are trying to address these shortfalls. In Ghana the Coastal Development Authority (CODA) was established in 2016, and in Guinea Bissau the Institute for Biodiversity and Protected Areas (IBAP) and the Office of Coastal Planning (OCP) started operating around 2005. 17. Regional institutions are essential to address the magnitude of the challenge. There are eight key regional institutions related to the ongoing WACA Program (P162337). The West Africa Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) is serving as entry point for regional integration. WAEMU is engaging the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), Abidjan Convention (ABC), Centre de Suivi Ecologique (CSE), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the Regional Partnership for Coastal and Marine Conservation (PRCM), and the Regional Network of Marine Protected Areas in West Africa (RAMPAO). There is a complementarity in mandates of these organizations and working with all of them is proving to bring an adequate response at the regional level. 18. No single country alone can fix West Africa’s coastal erosion, flooding, and pollution problems, and nor independently preserve the health of the region’s critical ecosystems. Solutions require coordination and collaboration among agencies in each country and significant transaction costs. The problems are multi-sectoral in nature, which adds to the complexity at country and regional levels. Solutions are bound to be expensive, beyond one single country’s public finances or any single development partner’s means. Finally, it requires a long-term vision and commitment at national and regional levels, and that commitment has yet to be achieved. A massive, cross-country coordinated effort is needed to tackle these challenges. 19. The WACA Program 13was created in response to countries’ request for solutions and finance to help save the ecological, social and economic assets of coastal areas addressing coastal erosion and flooding. The WACA Program consists of National Coastal Resilience Investment Projects (ResIP) and a Bank-managed programmatic ASA “WACA Scale- Up Platform� (P166218). The WACA Platform is crowding in additional partners and resources at the scale needed, while the national WACA projects serve as mechanism for donor coordination in support of countries’ MSIPs. Figure 1. The WACA Program consist of national project, regional scale-up, and international partnerships. 20. Request for support for the WACA program has been confirmed by public and private partners. In 2018 WACA Ministerial Communique14 provided the authorizing environment to pursue three critical streams of work for WACA: (i) regional integration via regional economic commissions, regional protocols, and the pursuit of a regional observatory ; (ii) national scale-up by expanding on the WACA Multi-Sector Investment Plans; and (iii) mobilizing financial resources from 13 www.wacaprogram.org 14 http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/858071542226715775/communique-WACA-2018-en.pdf Feb 16, 2021 Page 6 of 15 The World Bank West Africa Coastal Areas Resilience Investment Project II (P175525) partners for new or existing WACA projects for strengthened coastal resilience. Similarly, the 2019 Private Sector Communique15 provided the confirmation of the commitment of industry stakeholders from transport, mining, energy, fisheries to pursue deeper engagement and establish ways to facilitate access to information and identification of projects of interest to the private sector. 21. A “First WACA ResIP� (P162337) was approved by the World Bank Board in FY18. It is a multi-country regional project that supports the strengthening of resilience of coastal communities and assets in six western African countries— Benin, Côte d’Ivoire, Mauritania, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, and Togo–and includes a regional integration component, and benefitting of a total finance of US$ 222 million from the International Development Agency (IDA) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF). 22. The “WACA ResIP II� (P175525) proposed in this concept note for World Bank Board FY22 approval is designed to add Guinea Bissau and Ghana, and further strengthen regional integration activities, specifically with regards to the transfer of WACA Platform functions to regional institutions. This second project will also increase the emphasis on the importance of restoration and sustainable use of ecosystems, for the resilience of coastal areas. Figure 2.Map of Western Africa showing status of engagement of countries Relationship to CPF 23. The AFR regional integration strategy emphasizes connectivity, trade and market development, natural capital and resilience as updated priority areas. This supports the IDA19 framework that underscores regional integration as requirement to intensify delivery of results and impact. The pandemic is a stark reminder that certain development challenges require coordinated actions across countries, and this remains the raison d'être for regional integration efforts. To ensure a greater role for the private sector in regional integration, addressing country and sub-regional investment 15 https://www.wacaprogram.org/sites/waca/files/knowdoc/Communique_WACA%20Private%20Sector-English.pdf Feb 16, 2021 Page 7 of 15 The World Bank West Africa Coastal Areas Resilience Investment Project II (P175525) climate issues, harmonizing policies at the regional level and supporting enabling sectors such as infrastructure (physical, financial and social) and human capital and skills will be crucial. The strategy16 suggests that the continent’s existing climate adaptation deficit poses ‘medium to high risks’ in dealing with multiple climate challenges such as shift in biome distribution and productivity, and migration. Climate change impacts are not going to stop at national borders, pointing to the need for effective collaborative action among countries to address or mitigate these impacts. 24. The Ghana Country Partnership Framework FY21-26 (currently under preparation) emphasizes “Promoting Resilient Development (Focus area 3). This focus area concentrates on building the country’s resilience to exogenous economic, natural and health shocks. The proposed project supports the CPF objective 3.2: “Improved adoption of sustainable natural resource management,� specifically in so far as the proper management of Ghana’s significant, and fragile, coastal natural resources to mitigate the impact of climate change and environment risks. The project will support Ghana’s efforts towards sustainable use of natural resources to enhance coastal resilience and underpin green growth. 25. The Guinea-Bissau Country Partnership Framework (FY18-21) supports the efforts of the government to “expand economic opportunities and enhance resilience� (Focus Area II). Under this focus area, the proposed project will directly contribute to the CPF Objective 4 to “Improve natural resource wealth and disaster�risk management�, and to achieve the CPF indicator: “Improved coastal area and disaster risk management�. At national level, WACA would support government to improve the institutional and legal framework to promote sustainable coastal and marine development; enhance management of important coastal and marine ecosystems; strengthen tracking and monitoring of environmental outcomes in coastal areas and at the community level; and foster sustainable development to enhance rural incomes and resilience of coastal communities. 26. The project contributes to two areas of the Next Generation Africa Climate Business Plan (NG-ACBP).17 The first is “Environmental Stability� of seascapes and watersheds for increase ecosystems resilience, carbon sequestration, and contributes to socio-economic resilience. The second is “Climate Shocks� because of the people-centered and customized delivery mechanisms for climate actions. 27. The project’s approach also embodies many of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The project will contribute to the following SDGs: (i) inclusive and sustainable economic growth (SDG-8: Decent Work and Economic Growth); (ii) sustainable forest management and reverse land degradation (SDG-15: Life on Land); (iii) sustainable management and protection of marine and coastal ecosystems (SDG-14: Life below water); (iv) climate change action, awareness-raising, and human capacity in climate change mitigation and adaptation (SDG-13: Climate Action); and capacity building of local communities, enhancing multi-stakeholder partnerships to share knowledge, expertise, and technology and promoting effective partnerships with public, private, and civil society organizations (SDG-17: Partnerships for the Goals). C. Proposed Development Objective(s) 28. The Project Development Objective (PDO) is to strengthen the resilience of targeted communities and areas in coastal Western Africa. 16 Report No. 121912-AFR 17 World Bank. 2020. The Next Generation Africa Climate Business Plan: Ramping Up Development-Centered Climate Action. World Bank, Washington, DC. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/34098 Feb 16, 2021 Page 8 of 15 The World Bank West Africa Coastal Areas Resilience Investment Project II (P175525) 29. The project aims in that respect to enhance the absorptive, adaptive, and transformative capacities of the two beneficiary countries and to reduce the shared risks to which they are exposed, either natural or man-made, and that are similar for all or most countries or transboundary in nature. 30. The proposed PDO indicators are as follows: 1. Households in targeted coastal areas with less exposure to erosion due to the project (disaggregated by country) 2. Households in targeted coastal areas with less exposure to flooding due to the project (disaggregated by country) 3. Households in targeted coastal areas with less exposure to pollution due to the project (disaggregated by country) 4. Area of coastal and marine ecosystems under improved sustainable practices due to the project (disaggregated by type and country) 5. Share of target beneficiaries with rating ‘Satisfied’ or above on project interventions (disaggregated by country, sex) 6. Regional integration score (score derived on the incremental progress of WAEMU and regional institutions in absorbing the functions of the WACA Platform. The score-approach is in use successfully under the first WACA ResIP, P162337) D. Concept Description 31. The vision of the project is to create a dynamic space for coastal countries and partners, where they share knowledge, expertise, and access finance. The project engages countries through technical assistance, finance and dialogue to unbundle the complex coastal development challenges into actionable priorities and will mobilize the leadership at the national level to effectively advance concrete investment projects. In parallel, countries engage at the regional level to set priorities and coordinate cross-border investments while harmonizing policies. This dynamic is illustrated in the Theory of Change (see figure 2), which has been improved building on the lessons from the first WACA ResIP (P162337). Further lessons from the first ResIP will be obtained from the Mid-term Review expected to take place in late calendar year 2021. Feb 16, 2021 Page 9 of 15 The World Bank West Africa Coastal Areas Resilience Investment Project II (P175525) Figure 3: Theory of Change for the WACA ResIP II 32. The project also establishes a resilience framework aiming at strengthening the absorptive, adaptive, and transformative capacities of Ghana and Guinea Bissau. Reducing the exposure of communities and vulnerable areas (hot spots) to erosion, flooding, and even marine pollution will enhance the countries’ absorptive capacity to deal with such risks. Planned relocation, proper spatial planning, restoration of ecosystems and enhanced natural protection demonstrate the transformative capacity developed over time. The creation of new livelihood opportunities or the establishment of well-performing decision support systems will help moderate future risks and take advantage of new opportunities and adjust to new situations as adaptive measures. 33. WAEMU and regional organizations are benefitting from technical support and finance from first WACA ResIP (P162337). This support will be expanded under this proposed project. The WAEMU will continue its role as the Regional Management Unit (RMU) through which WB IDA resources for regional integration activities are channeled. WAEMU will establish a subsidiary agreement with the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to act as an executing agency. Additional regional organizations will act as service providers, depending on the competitive advantage of each institution and as per the mandate given to them by participating countries. Role of each institution is described in the section on Implementation Agencies. 34. The design of the proposed project includes national interventions in Ghana and Guinea Bissau, and a regional integration component. This design has proven well suited under the first WACA ResIP (P162337) and which includes six countries (Benin, Cote d’Ivoire, Mauritania, Sao Tome and Principle, Senegal and Togo), and four regional institutions (WAEMU, IUCN, ABC and CSE). Feb 16, 2021 Page 10 of 15 The World Bank West Africa Coastal Areas Resilience Investment Project II (P175525) 35. WAEMU will implement component 1 of the project. Regional Integration will be pursued with the West Africa Coastal Areas Observatory and State of Coast Reporting, investment planning and Finance Marketplace, implementation support and access to international expertise, and strengthening of existing institutional processes for coastal resilience in WAEMU, ECOWAS, ECCAC and the Abidjan Convention. More details on the regional integration activities can be found in Annex 1. 36. The Ghana-specific project will implement components 2, 3, and 4. These components will strengthen existing national coordination mechanisms and institutional capacity for coastal development and protection. They will also support site-specific interventions in grey and nature-based solutions to reduce coastal erosion and community-based mangrove restoration. The geographic area of intervention will be along the Pra River Estuary and the Volta River Delta. More details can be found in Annex 2. 37. The Guinea Bissau Project-specific project will implement components 2, 3, and 4. These components will build on results of past IDA supported projects,18 including strengthening of the Institute for Biodiversity and Protected Areas and the BioGuinea Foundation, with emphasis on marine spatial planning and sustainable finance. They will include small- scale works to protect public infrastructure at risk from erosion and flooding, ecosystem restoration, construction of an office/laboratory for the national enforcement agency and support protected area management. More details on Guinea Bissau and proposed interventions can be found in Annex 3. 38. Social development and benefits will be given extra emphasis given the role of WACA in the post-COVID recovery at community level. Income-generating activities are integral to the WACA program. The proposed project will build on successful lessons from the existing WACA ResIP I. In São Tomé and Príncipe, the Ministry of Health is using the relationships developed with 31 coastal local committees to disseminate guidance and raise awareness about COVID-19. Women’s cooperatives were also trained in sewing protective masks against COVID as an income generating activity. In 18IDA financed Coastal and Biodiversity Management Project (P049513) and Biodiversity Conservation Project (P122047); GEF financed Biodiversity Conservation Trust Fund Project (P114756) Feb 16, 2021 Page 11 of 15 The World Bank West Africa Coastal Areas Resilience Investment Project II (P175525) Benin, income generating activities were extended to communities economically impacted by the pandemic. In Senegal, the WACA Program is funding a radio channel “Radio du littoral� to informs residents about income opportunities for recovery of coastal communities. 39. The proposed project will be implemented following the Environmental and Social Framework (ESF). While the project’s environmental and social outcomes are expected to be positive, potentially negative impacts may arise during the project design and implementation. Depending on the availability of information by appraisal, either an environmental and social management framework (ESMF) or an environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) will be required to be prepared and submitted by the Borrower. These documents will provide an assessment of the E&S risk, and propose mitigation, monitoring, and institutional capacity building measures. These includes the differentiated approach to accommodate vulnerable communities. 40. All Implementing Agencies will carry out procurement functions in accordance with the following WB procedures: (a) the WB Procurement Regulations (PR) for IPF Borrowers, dated July 2016 and revised in November 2017, August 2018 and November 2020; and (b) “Guidelines on Preventing and Combating Fraud and Corrupt ion in Projects Financed by IBRD Loans and IDA Credits and Grants�, dated October 15, 2006 and revised in January, 2011 and as of July 1, 2016 and other provisions stipulated in the FAs, using the Standard Procurement Documents accompanying the Regulation. 41. All procuring entities as well as bidders, and service providers, i.e. suppliers, contractors, and consultants shall observe the highest standard of ethics during the procurement and execution of contracts financed under the Project in accordance with paragraph 3.32 and Annex IV of the Procurement Regulations. When procurement is done in the national market, as agreed in the Procurement Plan, the country’s own procurement procedures may be used with the requirements set forth or referred to in paragraphs 5.3 to 5.6 related to National Procurement Procedures. All Works procurements that apply standard procurement documents (SPD) will adopt provisions of WB related to environmental, social (including sexual exploitation and abuse and gender-based violence), health and safety (ESHS) risks and impacts. This includes codes of conduct that include prohibitions against sexual harassment and sexual abuse. 42. Project Procurement Strategies for Development (PPSD) and draft Procurement Plans. Each implementing agency will prepare a PPSD strategy and a procurement plan. The PPSD will be proposed to advance the use of procurement as a mean for sustainable development in consideration of social, environmental and economic aspects. In particular, the team will follow World Bank sustainable procurement guidance documents,19 and will integrate as much as possible best international practices in this field of activity. For example, instruction for infrastructure contractors can include requirements to identify i) multiple uses/benefits of construction, ii) environmental co-benefits, iii) social co- benefits and job creation, and (iv) climate co-benefits actions. In project preparation stage, the team will identify with three beneficiaries (Ghana, Guinea Bissau and WAEMU) sustainability priorities such as policy screening, communities’ needs and expectations, research markets and initiate the relevant procurement process design to be reflected in the PPSD. 43. Project finance. Finance for the regional integration project is provided by IDA 19. Proposed IDA allocations are as follows: 19World Bank, 2016 and 2018: Guidance documents related to green procurement: “Environmental, Social, Health & Safety [ESHS] in Procurement� (2018) in process of updating, and “Sustainable Procurement� guidance (2016) Feb 16, 2021 Page 12 of 15 The World Bank West Africa Coastal Areas Resilience Investment Project II (P175525) WACA ResIP II (P175525) USD Million National IDA Regional IDA Counterpart Total Grant Credit Grant Credit Ghana 23 46 0 69 Guinea Bissau 5 5 10 10 0 30 WAEMU 18 18 Total 5 28 28 56 0 117 Counterpart contribution to be confirmed (expected 5-10% of financing) Total IDA Credit 84 Total IDA Grant 33 Total IDA Credit and Grant 117 Total Regional IDA Credit and Grant 84 Legal Operational Policies Triggered? Projects on International Waterways OP 7.50 TBD Projects in Disputed Areas OP 7.60 TBD Summary of Screening of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts . 44. Environmental Risk Rating: Overall, the project is expected to have positive environmental impacts by restoring coastal ecosystems, especially mangroves, to reduce the risk of erosion and flooding, including restoration of abandoned rice paddies and the water system. Notwithstanding, the environmental risk classification is proposed as High. This is to account for the project scope and nature, and environmental sensitivity, especially component 3 where interventions will take place in a highly fragile coastal area of mangroves, with the potential of coastal flooding and erosion and the fact that poorly designed and/or implemented interventions could exacerbate erosion downstream. Furthermore, a contributing factor to the high risk-rating is the weak or limited capacity at the implementing agency/agencies regarding ESF assessment and implementation, and the potential redundancy/conflict of roles and responsibilities regarding coastal zone management. Furthermore, occupational health and safety of the workers and the community would need to be considered and properly managed. Aspects related to ecosystem services will need to be assessed and managed. 45. Social Risk Rating: The proposed social risk classification is expected to be High. Key social risks associated with project activities include possible physical and economic displacement and losses of assets and/or income due to Feb 16, 2021 Page 13 of 15 The World Bank West Africa Coastal Areas Resilience Investment Project II (P175525) impacts from project activities; potential inter-communal conflict; potential labor influx that in turn may exacerbate the risks related to SEA/SH, Violence Against Children; social exclusion of vulnerable groups such as persons with disabilities, the landless, elders and youth in the consultations process and access to benefits and development opportunities. Other risks include potential for child labor; community health and safety concerns; social fragmentation and disruption of traditional livelihoods. In terms of client capacity, there is variation in institutional capacity and readiness at the national levels (including in the preparation and implementation of ESF instruments). 46. Resettlement: The physical interventions in component 3 may require some physical and/or economic resettlement or may cause access restriction to resources. This in turn may create local conflicts between the project beneficiaries related to benefit sharing, and the ability to eventually move to areas downstream that may still be at risk of flooding. Furthermore, contractor workforce can heighten risks of (SEA)/SH and facilitate the spread of communicable diseases to and from local communities (including COVID-19 and sexually transmitted diseases). The issues of labor conditions, GBV, SEA/SH, and universal access will need to be properly managed. A working grievance redress mechanism should be in place, both for the project affected people, and for the workers. Importantly, the project will include the SEA/SH Risk assessment in the site-specific ESIAs, and, where needed, an action plan will be included in the ESMP. 47. Instruments: Prior to appraisal, Borrowers will prepare framework instruments (ESMF, RPF) to guide the elaboration of site-specific plans to address these risks as sub-projects are identified. A social risk assessment will be required as part of the ESMF to better understand risks and their magnitude. This High social risk rating will be revisited during project appraisal, when more information is available. . CONTACT POINT World Bank Peter Kristensen, Maged Mahmoud Hamed, Nicolas Benjamin Claude Desramaut, Sajid Anwar Lead Environmental Specialist Borrower/Client/Recipient West Africa Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) Jonas Gbian Commissioner JGBIAN@uemoa.int Government of Ghana Government of Guinea Bissau Feb 16, 2021 Page 14 of 15 The World Bank West Africa Coastal Areas Resilience Investment Project II (P175525) Implementing Agencies Ministry of Environment, Science, Technology & Innovation (MESTI) Peter Dery Director of Envionment peter.dery@mesti.gov.gh Ministry of Environment and Biodiversity (MAB) Lourenço António Vaz Chief of Staff vaz_coni61@yahoo.com.br International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Aliou Faye Regional Director aliou.faye@iucn.org FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20433 Telephone: (202) 473-1000 Web: http://www.worldbank.org/projects APPROVAL Peter Kristensen, Maged Mahmoud Hamed, Nicolas Benjamin Claude Task Team Leader(s): Desramaut, Sajid Anwar Approved By APPROVALTBL Country Director: Claire Kfouri 10-Mar-2021 Feb 16, 2021 Page 15 of 15