                       ‫�?ﻟﺒﻨﻚ �?ﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬
‫�?ﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ �?ﳌﺼﺎﺣ�? ﻟﻠﺸﺮ�?ﻛﺔ �?ﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ )‪(GWPAP‬‬




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                ‫�?ﻹﺩ�?ﺭﺓ‪Sustainable‬‬
‫�?ﳌﺴﺘﺪ�?ﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬      ‫‪Groundwater Management:‬‬
‫�?ﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻭ�?ﻷﺩﻭ�?ﺕ‬          ‫‪Concepts and Tools‬‬

                                                             ‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ �?ﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮ�?ﺕ �?ﻟﻤﻮﺟﺰﺓ �?ﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮﺓ ‪13‬‬


                                      ‫ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻧﺎﺕ‬
                                                  ‫�?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‬
                                ‫ﺇﺳﺘﺮ�?ﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ �?ﻹﺩ�?ﺭﺓ ﻹﻣﺪ�?ﺩ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﻯ ﻭ�?ﻟﺒﻠﺪ�?ﺕ �?ﻟﺼ�?ﻴﺮﺓ‬

                                                                                  ‫‪2006-2002‬‬

                                                                        ‫�?ﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻮﻥ )‪(GW•MATE Core Group‬‬
                              ‫‪Stephen‬‬     ‫‪Foster1‬‬   ‫‪Albert‬‬   ‫‪Tuinhof1‬‬  ‫‪Héctor Garduño2 Karin Kemper Phoebe Koundouri Marcella Nanni‬‬
                                                                    ‫)‪( 1lead author 2main supporting author‬‬
                                                        ‫�?�?ﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﺇﻟﻲ �?ﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺩ‪ /‬ﻛﻤﺎ�? ﻋﻮﺩﺓ �?ﺪﻳﻒ – ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ �?ﻟﺴﻮﻳﺲ – ﻣﺼﺮ“‬


                                      ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺟﺪ�? ﹰ ﻹﻣﺪ�?ﺩ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻟﻠﻘﹸ ﺮﻯ ﻭ�?ﻟﺒﻠﺪ�?ﺕ �?ﻟﺼ�?ﻴﺮﺓ؟‬
                                                                                     ‫ﳌﺎﺫ�? ﺗﹸﻌﺪ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﹸ‬
                                                                    ‫�? ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﺰ�?ﻳﺎ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ�?ﺕ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‪:‬‬
                ‫�? ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺫ�?ﺕ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﳑﺘﺎﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﻔﺎﺩﻯ �?ﻟﻌ�?ﺀ �?ﳌﺎﻟﻲ �?ﻹﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻭ�?ﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺪ �?ﻟﻠﻮﺟﻴﺴﺘﻰ ﻟﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬
                             ‫�? ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺗﻜﻴﻒ ﻣﻊ �?ﳉﻔﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﹸﺰﻳﻞ �?ﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺳﻄﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻫﻈﺔ �?ﻟﺜﻤﻦ‬
                  ‫�? ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻭ�?ﺳﻊ �?ﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ�? ﹰ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ �?ﻟﻄﻠ�?‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﹸﺨﻔﺾ ﻣﺪﻯ �?ﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ �?ﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻣﻊ‬
                                                                                           ‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ �?ﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺃﻗﻞ‪.‬‬

                ‫�? ﻟﻸﺳﺒﺎ�? �?ﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ �?ﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ �?ﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ �?ﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ �?ﻟﺮﺧﻴﺺ ﻭ�?ﳌﺴﺘﺪ�?ﻡ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ �?ﳊﺼﻮ�? ﻋﻠﻲ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬
                ‫�?ﻵﻣﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ �?ﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ �?ﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﹰ ﻓﻲ �?ﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ�? ﹰ ﻣﺎ ﰎ ﺇ�?ﻔﺎ�? ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺩ�?ﺭﺓ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻭﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ‬
                ‫ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ�?ﺕ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﻯ ﻭ�?ﻟﺒﻠﺪ�?ﺕ �?ﻟﺼ�?ﻴﺮﺓ — ﻣﻊ �?ﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ‪ .‬ﻫﺬ�? �?ﳌﻨﻬﺞ �?‪ ‬ﹸﺰﺃ ﻳﺠ�? ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘ�?ﻴﺮ ﺇﺫ�? ﻣﺎ‬
                                                              ‫ﺃﺭﺩﻧﺎ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ’�?ﻷﻫﺪ�?ﻑ �?ﻹﳕﺎﺋﻴﺔ �?ﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﱈ �?ﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‘ ﻹﻣﺪ�?ﺩ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ �?ﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

                ‫�? ﻳﻨﺼ�? �?ﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ �?ﳌﺬﻛﺮﺓ �?ﳌﻮﺟﺰﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺇﺳﺘﺮ�?ﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺇﺩ�?ﺭﺓ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ�?ﺕ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ �?ﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
                ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ �?ﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ �?ﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭ�?ﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ �?ﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﻱ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻳﺔ ﺣﺎ�?‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ �?ﻟﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﱘ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ‬
                ‫�?ﺑﺎﺭ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ �?ﳌﻮﻗﻊ‪ ،‬�?ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‪ ،‬�?ﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‪ ،‬�?ﻟﺘﺸ�?ﻴﻞ‪ ،‬�?ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻭ�?ﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮ�?ﺭﻳﺔ �?ﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻪ ﻗﺪ ﰎ ﺗ�?ﻄﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﺈﺳﻬﺎ�? ﻓﻲ‬
                                                                                  ‫ﻛﺘﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﹰ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼ�? ﺃﻋﻤﺎ�? ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭ�? �?ﻟﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

                      ‫ﳌﺎﺫ�? ﻧﺤﺘﺎ�? ﻹﺳﺘﺮ�?ﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ�?ﺕ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ �?ﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺫ�?ﺕ �?ﳋﺰ�?ﻧﺎﺕ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬
                                                         ‫�?ﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ؟‬
                ‫�? ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ �?ﳌﺬﻛﺮﺓ �?ﳌﻮﺟﺰﺓ ﻓﻲ �?ﳌﻘﺎﻡ �?ﻷﻭ�? ﻣﻊ �?ﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ �?ﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ �?ﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭ�?ﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ �?ﻟﻼﺣﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ�?ﺕ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬
                ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ �?ﻟﻮ�?ﻗﻊ ﺃﺳﻔﻠﻬﺎ ﺧﺰ�?ﻧﺎﺕ ﺟﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ�?ﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩﻫﺎ ﻵﺑﺎﺭ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ�? ﹰ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻭﻣﻦ �?ﻟﺼﻌ�? ﺗﻮﻗﻌﻪ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ .(1‬ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬
                ‫ﻫﺬﻩ �?ﳋﺰ�?ﻧﺎﺕ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺻﺨﻮﺭ �?ﻷﺳﺎﺱ �?ﳌﺘﺠﻮﻳﺔ )ﺻﺨﻮﺭ ﺑﻠﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﺘﺤﻮﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺳﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺤﻮﻟﺔ( ﻭ�?ﳋﺰ�?ﻧﺎﺕ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ �?ﳋﺰ�?ﻧﺎﺕ �?ﳌﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ‬
                ‫�?ﻷﺧﺮﻯ )ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺭﻭ�?ﺳ�? �?ﻟﻌﺼﺮ �?ﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻲ �?ﻴﺮ �?ﻟﺴﻤﻴﻜﺔ ﻭ�?ﻟﺼﺨﻮﺭ �?ﻟﺮﺳﻮﺑﻴﺔ �?ﳌﺘﻤﺎﺳﻜﺔ �?ﻷﻗﺪﻡ ﺃﻭ �?ﻟﺒﺮﻛﺎﻧﻴﺔ(‪ .‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﻮ�?ﺟﺪ‬
                   ‫�?‪‬ﻤﻮﻋﺔ �?ﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮ�? �?ﻷﻧﻬﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ �?ﳉﺪ�?ﻭ�? ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﹰ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﹰ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ �?ﻹﻣﺪ�?ﺩ�?ﺕ �?ﳌﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼ�? ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺢ ﺿﻔﺎﻑ �?ﻷﻧﻬﺎﺭ‪.‬‬




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                       ‫�?ﻟﺒﻨﻚ �?ﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬
‫�?ﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ �?ﳌﺼﺎﺣ�? ﻟﻠﺸﺮ�?ﻛﺔ �?ﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ )‪(GWPAP‬‬




                                                                                                               ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :1‬�?ﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ �?ﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﺈﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﺑﺌﺮ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻭ�?ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
                                                                                                                  ‫�?ﻟﺠﻔﺎﻑ ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﹰ ﻟﻨﻮﻉ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ ﻭ�?ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ �?ﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﻲ �?ﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪ‬

    ‫�? ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﻊ �?ﻟﻘﺮﻯ ﻭ�?ﻟﺒﻠﺪ�?ﺕ �?ﻟﺼ�?ﻴﺮﺓ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺧﺰ�?ﻧﺎﺕ ﺟﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ‬
    ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻫﺎ ﺟﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ �?ﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎ ﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻻ ﻳﺼﺎﺩﻑ‬                                              ‫‪ǀƸƉƸǣȤǀƸźǞű�?ƾſȚǎų‬‬                      ‫‪ǀ�?ǞſƾŰǀƸźǞű�?ƾſȚǎų‬‬
    ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻮ�?ﺋﻖ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻮﺻﻮ�? ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭ�?ﺳﺘﺪ�?ﻣﺔ ﻣﻮ�?ﺭﺩ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
    ‫ﻣﻜﺜﻒ ﻟﻠﺮﻱ �?ﻟﺰﺭ�?ﻋﻲ‪.‬‬  ‫ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ �?ﳋﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﹸ‬




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                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ‫‪ǕƱů�?ž‬‬
    ‫�?ﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ �?ﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻮ�?ﺟ�? ﻣﻮ�?ﺟﻬﺘﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬                                                                                            ‫‪ǀƸűƾƄſ�?ȚȲǞŲǚżƾƪžǕƬŮ‬‬
    ‫ﻭﺗﺸ�?ﻴﻞ ﺑﺌﺮ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ�?ﻟﺘﻲ �?ﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻀﺮ ﺟﺪ�? ﹰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺪ�?ﻣﺔ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬                                               ‫‪ȴƾƳžǋ�?ǋƇƄŽǚżƾƪƓȚǒƯŮ‬‬
                                                                                                                             ‫‪Ⱦ‬‬                           ‫‪�?Ț�?ƸŰƺůǟŽȘȜ�?ƸưǧǀŸǎſȶ‬‬
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                                                                                                                                                                  ‫‪ȯƾƱ�?Ț‬‬




                                                                                                                                                                                               ‫‪ǀ�?ǌưƄŽȚȲǋƯžǀƸŻȚǋƫž‬‬
                              ‫�?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ )�?ﻴﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ �?ﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ(‪.‬‬                                           ‫‪ȜȢƾŸȜǋżƻžȯƾƱ�?ȚǋƶŸ‬‬



                                                                               ‫‪ǠųƾƶƓȚȳƾƮƶŽȚ‬‬




                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ‫‪ǓŴǞƄž‬‬
    ‫�? ﻓﻲ �?ﻷﺭﺽ �?ﻟﻮ�?ﻗﻊ ﲢﺘﻬﺎ ﺧﺰ�?ﻧﺎﺕ ﺟﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
    ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺟﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺫﻱ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﻫﻮ �?ﻟﻬﻢ �?ﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‪،‬‬                  ‫‪ǚŲƾŻ‬‬
    ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮ�?ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺼﺪ�?ﻗﻴﺔ �?ﻹﻣﺪ�?ﺩ ﻭ�?ﺳﺘﺪ�?ﻣﺔ �?ﳌﻮﺭﺩ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﺸﺄ‬                                                                                        ‫‪ǜƳŽǀƸźƾżǀƸűƾƄſȘǘƸƲƎƖ‬‬
    ‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﹰ‪ .‬ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺗﹸﻘﺪﻡ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ �?ﳋﺰ�?ﻧﺎﺕ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ �?ﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪﺓ‬                                                  ‫‪ǀƸűƾƄſ�?ȚȲǞŲǀƸƉƸǣȤȢǞƸŻ‬‬               ‫‪�?ƸŽȷǋƓȚǚ�?ǞŶƞžƺƄŽȚ‬‬
                                                                                                                ‫‪ǕžȤǋƫƓȚǕŻǞžǠźǀŮǞƯǧȶ‬‬                         ‫‪ȹ Țǋżƻž‬‬




                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ‫‪ǒƱƈƶž‬‬
    ‫�?ﳌﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ�?ﺕ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﻟﻠﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ �?ﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻮﺛﻮﻕ ﺑﻬﺎ‬                                                   ‫‪ȯƾƱ�?ȚǞƇſǀƸƯƸƃŶǀŸǎſ‬‬
                                                                                                  ‫‪ȹ ȚǋűǚŲƾŻ‬‬




    ‫ﻋﻨﺪ �?ﳉﻔﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺭﺧﻴﺼﺔ ﳑﺘﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺎﺕ ﺷﺎﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ �?ﻷﺭﺽ‪،‬‬                                                                       ‫‪ǀƸŽƾŸ‬‬

    ‫ﺔ ﺟﻨﻮ�? �?ﻟﺼﺤﺮ�?ﺀ �?ﻟﻜﺒﺮﻯ �?ﻷﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺟﺰ�?ﺀ ﻣﻦ �?ﺳﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻ ﹰ‬
                                                                                                               ‫‪ȹ ȚǋűǒƱƈƶž‬‬            ‫‪ǒƱƈƶž‬‬          ‫‪ǓŴǞƄž‬‬                      ‫‪ǕƱů�?ž‬‬
                                                 ‫ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ �?ﻟﻼﺗﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
                                                                                                                                    ‫‪ȵƾƸƓȚȢȚǋž�?ǀƸűƾƄſ�?ƾŮƻƃƶƄŽȚ‬‬
                                                                                                                                      ‫‪Ȝ�?ƸưƫŽȚ�?ȚǋƴƃŽȚȶȷ�?ƲƴŽ‬‬
    ‫�? ﻓﻲ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ’ﻋﻘﺪ �?ﻷﱈ �?ﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻹﻣﺪ�?ﺩ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭ�?ﻟﺼﺤﺔ �?ﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ )ﺛﻤﺎﻧﻴﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬
    ‫�?ﻟﻘﺮﻥ �?ﳌﺎﺿﻲ ‪ ،(1980s‬ﻓﺈﻥ �?ﳋﻼﺻﺔ �?ﻟﺘﻲ ﰎ �?ﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﺑﻮ�?ﺳﻄﺔ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ‬
                                                                                                  ‫‪ǕƱů�?ž‬‬




    ‫ﻣﻦ ’�?ﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ �?ﻹﳕﺎﺋﻴﺔ‘ ﺃﻥ �?ﳋﺰ�?ﻧﺎﺕ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
    ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻜﻦ �?ﳊﺼﻮ�? ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
    ‫ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ �?ﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﳋﺒﺮﺓ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻭ‪/‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﺤﺚ —‬
                                                                           ‫‪ǀƸƃƉƶŽȚǀƸƵƶƄŽȚǀƱƴż‬‬




    ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬ�? )ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﻮ�?ﻗﻊ( ﻓﺈﻥ �?ﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ�?ﺕ ﻭ�?ﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ �?‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ �?ﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ‬
                                                                                                  ‫‪ǓŴǞƄž‬‬




    ‫ﻳﹸﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ �?ﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ�?ﺕ �?ﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ‬
                                                             ‫�?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪.‬‬

     ‫�? ﻫﺬﻩ �?ﳋﻼﺻﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ �?ﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﳊﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻠﻈﺮﻭﻑ �?ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬
                                                                                                  ‫‪ǒƱƈƶž‬‬




     ‫)�?ﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ �?ﻷﻗﻞ ﺟﻔﺎﻓﺎ �?ﻟﻮ�?ﻗﻊ ﲢﺘﻬﺎ ﺻﺨﻮﺭ ﺑﻠﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﺘﺤﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﺘﺠﻮﻳﺔ‬
   ‫ﺑﻌﻤﻖ( ﻓﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﻕ ﺛﻘﻮ�? �?ﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ �?ﻟﻴﺪﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﻯ ﺃﻭ �?ﻵﺑﺎﺭ �?ﶈﻔﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺪﻭﻳﺎ ﹰ‬
     ‫)ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﺘﻰ ‪ 10‬ﻟﺘﺮ�?ﺕ‪/‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻢ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻓﻲ �?ﳊﺴﺒﺎﻥ �?ﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ�?ﺕ‬
     ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﻻ �?ﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺪﺩ �?ﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ �?ﻟﻄﻠ�? ﻋﻠﻰ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﺣﺘﻰ‬                                                            ‫‪ȵƾƸž�?ƂƃŽǀƸŽƾƅžǀƸűƾƄſȘǟƫŻȖ‬‬
     ‫ﲢﺖ �?ﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ �?ﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ �?ﳌﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻼﺀﻡ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ �?ﻟﺒﺌﺮ ﻣﻊ‬                                                    ‫‪ǟſȢǈȚǜƳƚƾžǚŻȖ‬‬     ‫‪ǒƱƈƶž‬‬             ‫‪ǓŴǞƄž‬‬                    ‫‪ǕƱů�?ž‬‬
                                                                                                                                            ‫‪ǚűǈȯƾż‬‬
     ‫�?ﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ �?ﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ �?ﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺫ�? ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺩﻧﺎ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ �?ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬                                                                              ‫‪ȢȚ�?źǈȚȶȷ�?ƲƴŽȵƾƸƓȚ�?ȚȢȚǋžȘȆǀ�?ȶǋƸŽȚ�?ƾƈƬƓȚ‬‬
     ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻭ �?ﻜﻦ �?ﻟﻮﺛﻮﻕ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ �?ﳉﻔﺎﻑ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ — (2‬ﺑﻬﺬ�? �?ﳋﺼﻮﺹ‬                                                                            ‫‪Ȝ�?ƸưƫŽȚ�?ȚǋƴƃŽȚȶȷ�?ƲƴŽ�?ƾƳƃŵǠźȵƾƸƓȚ�?ȚȢȚǋžȘ‬‬

     ‫ﻓﺈﻥ �?ﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ �?ﶈﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ �?ﳉﻔﺎﻑ �?ﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻋﺎﻣﻼ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎ‬                                                                                                                  ‫‪ȰƾƭƶŽȚǕŴȚȶȸȤ‬‬

                                         ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺎ �?ﻴﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﹸ�?ﻔﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
                                                                                                                                         ‫‪�?ƸŽȘȤƾƪƓȚǠźǞ�?ȚȴȚǎƒȚȬǞƶŽǀƸŽƾƅƓȚǕƸžƾƣȚ‬‬
                                                                                                                                            ‫‪ȸǞƆƄƓȚȤǞƴƃƄƓȚȦƾŴǈȚWCB‬‬                    ‫‬
                                                                                                                                    ‫‪ǀƳŴƾƵƄžǀƸŮǞŴȤǀƸźǞű�?ƾſȚǎųCSA‬‬                                     ‫‬
                                                                                                                                       ‫‪ǀƅ�?ǋŲǀƸƂŶƾŵǀ�?�?ƸűȤƾƆŲȖRCL‬‬                                     ‫‬
                                                                                                                                        ‫‪ǀƸƉƸǣ�?ŽȚǀƸƴƸƉŽȚǜ�?ȶƾƳƄŽȚMAF‬‬                                  ‫‬




                                                                           ‫‪2‬‬
                       ‫�?ﻟﺒﻨﻚ �?ﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬
‫�?ﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ �?ﳌﺼﺎﺣ�? ﻟﻠﺸﺮ�?ﻛﺔ �?ﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ )‪(GWPAP‬‬




                     ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﻮ�?ﻓﻖ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺑﺌﺮ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻊ �?ﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ �?ﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ — ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻹﻣﺪ�?ﺩ�?ﺕ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺟﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻧﺎﺟﺤﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺘﺪ�?ﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬
                                                                                                                          ‫�?ﻟﺒﻠﺪﺓ �?ﻟﺼ�?ﻴﺮﺓ ﻭ�?ﻟﻘﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬


                                                                                                             ‫‪ǀƫƸųȤ�?ƂŮǠźƾƫž‬‬

                                                         ‫‪ȤǞƈǧǜžǠźǞűȴȚǎų‬‬
                                           ‫‪ǠŮǞƃſȖ�?ƂŮ‬‬   ‫‪ȸǞƆƄƓȚȤǞƴƃƄƓȚȦƾŴǈȚ‬‬                                ‫‪ȯƾƫžȴȶǋŮȠǞƄƱžƿƲŰ‬‬
                                            ‫‪ǘƸƵŸ‬‬
                                                                            ‫‪ǠŮǞƃſȖ�?ƂŮ‬‬
                                                                             ‫‪ǚƇǤ‬‬
                                                                                              ‫‪ȸȶǋ�?�?ƂŮ‬‬
                                                                                              ‫‪ǜƉƇž‬‬  ‫‪Ƚ‬‬                            ‫‪ǀ�?�?ƷſǀƸƴƸŴƿŴȚȶȤ‬‬
                                                                                                                                     ‫‪ǀƳƸƵŴ�?ƸŹ‬‬

                                                                                                                             ‫‪ǕƵƆž�?ƂŮ‬‬
                                                                                                                                ‫‪Ƚ‬‬             ‫‪ǠŮǞƃſȖ�?ƂŮ‬‬
                                                                                                                                               ‫‪ǚƇǤ‬‬



                ‫‪ǘƲƪƄŽȚȢƾ�?ȢȥȚ‬‬




                                                                                                          ‫‪ǀƲƲƪƄžȹƾſƾƸŲȖȸǞƆƄƓȚ�?ƸŹȤǞƴƃƄƓȚȦƾŴǈȚȤǞƈǧ‬‬




                 ‫�? ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﻮ�?ﻗﻊ‪ ،‬�?ﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﹰ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻣﻼﻗﺎﺓ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﺘﺰ�?ﻳﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ �?ﳊﺼﻮ�? ﻋﻠﻰ �?ﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ �?ﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻭ‪/‬ﺃﻭ �?ﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ �?ﳌﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ �?ﳋﺰ�?ﻧﺎﺕ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬
                                                                                                                            ‫�?ﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ‪:‬‬
                        ‫�? �?ﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ �?ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺟﻔﺎﻓﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻣﻨﺴﻮ�? �?ﻟﺴﻄﺢ �?ﳊﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ �?ﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ �?ﳌﺘﺠﻮﻱ �?ﶈﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
                                                                                        ‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ �?ﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ �?ﶈﺘﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻲ‬
                                                              ‫�? ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ �?ﳉﹸﺮﻭﻑ ﻭﺣﻮ�?ﻑ �?ﻟﻬﻀﺎ�?‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ �?ﻟﺘﺠﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺔ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬
               ‫�? �?ﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ �?ﻟﻮ�?ﻗﻊ ﲢﺘﻬﺎ ﺻﺨﻮﺭ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺤﻮﻟﺔ )ﺑﺎﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ �?ﻟﺼﺨﻮﺭ �?ﻟﺒﻠﻮﺭﻳﺔ �?ﳌﺘﺤﻮﻟﺔ(‪ ،‬�?ﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺤﻠﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻧﻮ�?ﰋ ﲡﻮﻳﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﲤﺎﺛﻼ ﹰ‬
                                                                                                                  ‫ﻭﺫ�?ﺕ ﻧﻔﻮﺫﻳﺔ ﺃﻗﻞ‪.‬‬
                                                                           ‫ﺗﺨﻔﻴﺾ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ �?ﻵﺑﺎﺭ �?ﻟﻔﺎﺷﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ �?ﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﺳﻴﺘﻄﻠ�?‪:‬‬
                     ‫ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ �?ﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﳋﺒﺮﺓ ﺣﻔﺮ �?ﺑﺎﺭ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬     ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬   ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ�? ﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬‫�? ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺗﻨﻤﻮﻱ ﹸ‬
                                                                                                                          ‫�?ﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
                                                                                ‫�? ﺗﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﺟﻴﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

                     ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ �?ﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺳﺘﺮ�?ﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ�?ﺕ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ �?ﻟﻘﺮﻳﺔ‬
                                                      ‫ﻭ�?ﻟﺒﻠﺪﺓ �?ﻟﺼ�?ﻴﺮﺓ؟‬
               ‫�? �?ﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ �?ﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭ�?ﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ �?ﻟﻘﺮﻳﺔ ﻭ�?ﻟﺒﻠﺪﺓ �?ﻟﺼ�?ﻴﺮﺓ ﰎ ﺗﻠﺨﻴﺼﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪﻭ�? ‪ .1‬ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬
               ‫�?ﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ �?ﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ �?ﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﹰ ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﺘﺤﻮ�? �?ﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﻟﻠ�?ﺎﻳﺔ ﻧﺤﻮ �?ﳊﻴﺎﺓ �?ﳊﻀﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﻘﺮﻯ ﺗﻨﻤﻮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺑﻠﺪ�?ﺕ ﺻ�?ﻴﺮﺓ ﺫ�?ﺕ‬
               ‫ﺗﻌﺪ�?ﺩ ﺳﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ‪ 2000‬ﻧﺴﻤﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ �?ﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﺒﻠﺪ�?ﺕ �?ﻟﺼ�?ﻴﺮﺓ ﺗﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻌﺪ�?ﺩ ﻳﺘﺮ�?ﻭﺡ ﻣﻦ ‪ 5000‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 20000‬ﻧﺴﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
               ‫ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺃ�?ﻠ�? ﻫﺬﻩ �?ﻟﺒﻠﺪ�?ﺕ �?ﻟﺼ�?ﻴﺮﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺗﹸﻠﺒﻲ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺗﻬﺎ �?ﳌﺘﺰ�?ﻳﺪﺓ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ �?ﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﻄﻠ�? ﻟﻴﺲ‬
               ‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺴﺒ�? ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﺪﺩ �?ﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻹﺩﺧﺎ�? ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻣﺤﺴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ �?ﳌﺂﺧﺬ �?ﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭ‬




                                                                                          ‫‪3‬‬
                       ‫�?ﻟﺒﻨﻚ �?ﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬
‫�?ﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ �?ﳌﺼﺎﺣ�? ﻟﻠﺸﺮ�?ﻛﺔ �?ﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ )‪(GWPAP‬‬




                                                                                              ‫ﺟﺪﻭ�? ‪ :1‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ �?ﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺪ�?ﺑﻴﺮ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ �?ﻟﻘﺮﻳﺔ ﻭ�?ﻟﺒﻠﺪﺓ �?ﻟﺼ�?ﻴ ﹺ‬
                                                                                             ‫ﺮﺓ‬

                                                                  ‫�?ﻟﺒﻠﺪ�?ﺕ �?ﻟﺼ�?ﻴﺮﺓ‬                                                ‫�?ﻟﻘﹸ ﺮﻯ‬                                 ‫�?ﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬

                                                                     ‫‪20,000-2,000‬‬                                    ‫ﺑﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺣﺘﻲ ‪2,000‬‬                              ‫ﻣﺪﻯ �?ﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬

   ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺟﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ )ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﺠﺮﻯ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺟﻴﺪ �?ﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺛﻮﻕ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ‬                       ‫�?ﺑﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪/‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﺎﺀ �?ﻟﻤﻄﺮ‬                          ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬
                                                                 ‫�?ﻟﺠﻔﺎﻑ(‬

     ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻣﻦ ‪ 50‬ﺇﻟﻲ ‪ 100‬ﻟﺘﺮ ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪/‬ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺩ‪ ،‬�?ﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ�? ﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ �?ﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻭ‬           ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺟﺎﻫﺰ ﻣﻦ ‪ 25‬ﺇﻟﻲ ‪ 50‬ﻟﺘﺮ�? ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪/‬ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺩ‬                         ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬
                                                   ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺻﺤﻲ ﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ �?ﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬                   ‫ﻟﻺﻣﺪ�?ﺩ�?ﺕ �?ﻟﻤﻀﺨﻮﺧﺔ ﻳﺪﻭﻳﺎ ﹰ ﻭ�?ﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬

    ‫ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﻣﺠﻬﺰﺓ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ )ﻭﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﺰ�?( ﻓﻲ �?ﺑﺎﺭ ﺃﻧﺒﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﺃﹶﻭ �?ﺑﺎﺭ ﻳﺪﻭﻳﺔ‬              ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ �?ﺑﺎﺭ ﺃﻧﺒﻮﺑﻴﺔ‬
                                                                                                                    ‫�?ﺑﺎﺭ ﻳﺪﻭﻳﺔ ﺿﺤﻠﺔ ﹸ‬                          ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺌﺮ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬
             ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ �?ﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼ�? ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺂﺧﺬ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭ‪ /‬ﺃﹶﻭ‬            ‫ﹸ‬
                                                                         ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻼﺕ ﻓﺮﺩﻳﺔ‬
                                 ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻄﻬﻴﺮ )ﺑﺘﺮﺷﻴﺢ �?ﻟﺮﻣﻞ �?ﻟﺒﻄﻲﺀ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ �?ﻟﺴﻄﺤﻲ(‬
                                                                                                                         ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﹰ ﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ‬                           ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬
                                     ‫ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‪/‬�?ﻟﻘﺮﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﹶﻭ ﹸ‬
       ‫�?ﻟﻤﻠﺘﺰﻣﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺰﻭﺩﻭ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
                                      ‫ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺿﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺾ �?ﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ �?ﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬                         ‫�?ﻷﻓﺮ�?ﺩ �?ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮﻥ ﺃﻭ �?ﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ �?ﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ‬                            ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮ�? �?ﻟﺘﺸ�?ﻴﻞ‬




     ‫ﺔ �?ﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﹸ�?ﻄﻲ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ �?ﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻛﻠﻔﺔ �?ﻟﺘﺸ�?ﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ �?ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﺮﺃﺳﻤﺎ�? �?ﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗ�?ﻄﻰ‬
                                                                                                          ‫�?ﻟﻜﻠﻔ ﹸ‬                                               ‫�?ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ �?ﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
         ‫ﺃﻭ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ �?ﻴﺮ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺧﻴﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ �?ﻟﺠﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼ�? ﺗﺴﻌﻴﺮ �?ﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ �?ﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ �?ﻟﻀﺮ�?ﺋ�? �?ﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬
     ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﺸ�?ﻴﻞ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ )ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ(‬                   ‫�?ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ �?ﻟﺘﺸ�?ﻴﻞ‬

                                                                                        ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸ�?ﻠﻴﻦ‬
                                                                                             ‫ﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪ�? �?ﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ �?ﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﹸ‬                                   ‫�?ﻟﻤﺮ�?ﻗﺒﺔ �?ﻟﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬




                                                                                                                                      ‫�?ﻟﻮﺻﻼﺕ �?ﳌﻨﺰﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
                    ‫�? ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻫﺬ�? ﻋﺎﺩﺓ �?ﻟﺴﻌﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮ�?ﻗﻊ �?ﺑﺎﺭ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺫ�?ﺕ �?ﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺦ �?ﻵﻟﻲ )ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 100‬ﻟﺘﺮ‪/‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ‪12‬‬
                                       ‫ﺇﻟﻲ ‪ 24‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻮﻡ( )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ،(3‬ﻭﻫﺬ�? ﻳﺘﻄﻠ�? ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻼ ﹰ ﻭﺩﺭ�?ﺳﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ‪:‬‬
                                                      ‫�? ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺟﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ )ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﺠﺮﻯ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺟﻴﺪ �?ﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺛﻮﻕ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ �?ﳉﻔﺎﻑ(‬
                                      ‫�? ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻣﻦ ‪ 50‬ﺇﻟﻲ ‪ 100‬ﻟﺘﺮ ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪/‬ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺩ‪ ،‬�?ﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ�? ﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ �?ﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺻﺤﻲ ﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ �?‪‬ﺎﺭﻱ‬
                          ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ �?ﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼ�?‬     ‫�? ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﻣﺠﻬﺰﺓ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ )ﻭﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﺰ�?( ﻓﻲ �?ﺑﺎﺭ ﺃﻧﺒﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﺃﹶﻭ �?ﺑﺎﺭ ﻳﺪﻭﻳﺔ ﹸ‬
                                                                                                  ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺂﺧﺬ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭ‪ /‬ﺃﹶﻭ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻼﺕ ﻓﺮﺩﻳﺔ‬
                                                                                   ‫�? ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻲ �?ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
                    ‫�?ﻜﻦ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ �?ﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ�?ﺕ ﳑﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ�?ﺕ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﻯ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ �?ﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ �?ﲡﺎﻩ ﻣﺘﺰ�?ﻳﺪ‬
                    ‫ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪ�?ﻡ �?ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﺫ�?ﺕ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻊ ﲡﻬﻴﺰﻫﺎ ﲟﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭ�?ﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺂﺧﺬ �?ﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻫﺬ�? ﺑﺒﺬ�? ﻣﺰﻳﺪ‬
                    ‫ﻣﻦ �?ﳉﻬﺪ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ �?ﻟﺒﺌﺮ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ �?ﳌﺮﺟﺢ �?ﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ �?ﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎ ﹰ )ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﲟﻌﺪ�? �?ﻟﻔﺸﻞ �?ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻵﺑﺎﺭ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺫ�?ﺕ �?ﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ‬
                                 ‫�?ﻟﻴﺪﻭﻳﺔ ﻭ �?ﶈﺪﺩ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﻮ�?ﺳﻄﺔ �?‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ �?ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪ�? ﹰ‪.‬‬




                                                                                         ‫‪4‬‬
                       ‫�?ﻟﺒﻨﻚ �?ﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬
‫�?ﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ �?ﳌﺼﺎﺣ�? ﻟﻠﺸﺮ�?ﻛﺔ �?ﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ )‪(GWPAP‬‬




                                                        ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :3‬ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ �?ﻟﺒﺌﺮ ﻭﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺴﺤ�? ﻟﻸﻧﻮ�?ﻉ �?ﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ �?ﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎ�? �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻟﺮﻳﻔﻲ‬


                                                                       ‫‪(l/m�?ƂƃŽȚǀƸűƾƄſȘ‬‬
                                                                      ‫‪ǛǣǾƓȚȔƾƶƃŽȚȩ�?ƱŮ‬‬


                 ‫‪ǀƸŵƾƵƴŽȶǀƸŽǎƶƓȚȵƾƸƓȚȢȚǋžȘ‬‬                                                                       ‫‪�?ƸŽǜƳŽǠƉƸǣȤǚƳƪŮ‬‬
                                                                                                                      ‫‪ƿƇƉŽȚǠƴŸȹȚȤǞƫƲž‬‬
                                                                                                                           ‫‪ǀ�?ȶǋƸŽȚǀƈƬƓƾŮ‬‬
                                     ‫‪ǀƲ�?ǋƑȚȸȤ‬‬

                    ‫‪ȢȚǋžȘȶǘƸǤȰƾƭſǟƴŸȸȤ‬‬
                ‫‪ȜǋƴƃƴŽǀ�?�?ƲƴŽȵƾƸƓȚ�?ƾƳƃŵ‬‬                                                                         ‫‪ȹƾƵǣȚȢǀƸŽȕǊǤ�?ƾƭƇž‬‬
                                       ‫‪Ȝ�?ƸưƫŽȚ‬‬                                                                            ‫‪ȜǞŻȶȖȲǎ�?Ȣ�?ƾż�?Ƈž‬‬
                  ‫‪ǕŴȚȶȰƾƭſǟƴŸȸȤǕ�?Ȥƾƪž‬‬                                                                                      ‫‪ǀƸǣƾŮ�?ƷżǀƳƃŵ‬‬



                                                                ‫‪(m3/dayǀƸŽƾƅƓȚƿƇƉŽȚ�?ǽǋƯž‬‬
                                                                    ‫‪ǕƭƲƄƓȚǊƬƴŽǉƵƉů‬‬




               ‫�? �?ﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ �?ﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ �?ﻵﺧﺮ ﺑﲔ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﻟﻠﺒﻠﺪﺓ �?ﻟﺼ�?ﻴﺮﺓ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﲟﺎﻫﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ �?ﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ �?ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ �?ﻷﻭﻟﻲ ﻭ�?ﻟﺘﺸ�?ﻴﻞ‬
                                                                                                                    ‫�?ﻟﻼﺣﻖ )ﺟﺪﻭ�? ‪:(1‬‬
                      ‫ﻣﺰﻭﺩﻳﻦ‬‫�? ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ�?ﺕ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﻯ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼ�? �?ﻟﺒﺮ�?ﻣﺞ �?ﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ �?ﶈﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻤﻼﺕ �?ﻟﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ �?ﻴﺮ �?ﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﹸ‬
                                                                ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﲔ ﻭﻣﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ �?ﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ �?ﻟﺬ�?ﺗﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺸ�?ﻴﻞ �?ﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻲ �?ﻟﻼﺣﻖ‬           ‫ﹸ‬
                   ‫�? ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ�?ﺕ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺪ�?ﺕ �?ﻟﺼ�?ﻴﺮﺓ ﺳﻴﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺃ�?ﻠ�? �?ﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻣﺎ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺮﻭﻳﺔ ﻹﻣﺪ�?ﺩ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺤﻮ‬
                                                                         ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‪.‬‬    ‫ﻣﺰﻭﺩﻱ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ�?ﺕ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﹸ‬‫ﻣﺘﺰ�?ﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﹸ‬
                  ‫ﻫﺬﻩ �?ﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ �?ﳌﺆﺳﺴﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ�?ﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲡﻤﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺘﺸ�?ﻴﻞ ﺣﻮ�? ﺃﺩ�?ﺀ ﺑﺌﺮ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪.‬‬

                                     ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺇﺳﺘﺮ�?ﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ �?ﻹﺩ�?ﺭﺓ �?ﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺪﺑﻴﺮ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ؟‬

                                                            ‫)ﺃ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ �?ﻟﻘﺮﻳﺔ‬
               ‫�? ﻳﺘﻄﻠ�? ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ �?ﻟﺒﺌﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ �?ﳋﺰ�?ﻧﺎﺕ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﲢﺖ �?ﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ �?ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬�?ﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ�?ﺕ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
               ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎ ﹰ‪ .‬ﺃﻱ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻭﳑﻴﺰ�?ﺕ �?ﳋﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻀﻤﻨﺎ ﹰ �?ﻟﻌﻮ�?ﻣﻞ �?ﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻌﻪ �?ﳌﻜﺎﻧﻲ‪/‬�?ﻟﻌﻤﻖ )ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻕ‬
               ‫�?ﻵﺑﺎﺭ‪/‬�?ﳌﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ �?ﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‪ ،‬�?ﳌﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ �?ﳉﻔﺎﻑ‪ ،‬�?ﻟﺦ‪ ( .‬ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻫﻪ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻄﻠ�? ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ �?ﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
                                                                                   ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﹰ ﻓﻲ �?ﳋﻠﻔﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ �?ﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

                                                                  ‫�? ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ �?ﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ �?ﶈ ﹸﺴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ �?ﳌﺪﻯ �?ﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﺳﺘﺘﻄﻠ�?‪:‬‬
                          ‫�? ﺇﻧﻌﺎﺵ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻗﻮ�?ﻋﺪ �?ﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ �?ﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ �?ﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ �?ﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﻭ‪/‬ﺃﻭ �?ﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼ�? �?ﺳﺘﺨﺪ�?ﻡ �?ﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬
                                                                                                        ‫�?ﻟﺮﺧﻴﺼﺔ ﻭ�?ﻟﺒﺮ�?ﻣﺞ �?ﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬
                                                                ‫ﺮﻛﺰ ﺟﻴﺪ�? ﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮ�?ﺯﻱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
                                                                                                         ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﺒﺤﺚ �?ﳌ ﹸ‬
                                                                                                                               ‫ﹸ‬ ‫�?‬




                                                                            ‫‪5‬‬
                       ‫�?ﻟﺒﻨﻚ �?ﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬
‫�?ﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ �?ﳌﺼﺎﺣ�? ﻟﻠﺸﺮ�?ﻛﺔ �?ﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ )‪(GWPAP‬‬




                    ‫�? ﺇﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ �?ﳉﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ �?ﻷﻫﻠﻴﺔ �?ﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺎﻣﺎ ﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ �?ﻟﻘﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﺘﺸ�?ﻴﻞ �?ﻟﺮﻭﺗﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭ �?ﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ �?ﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻭ�?ﳌﺮ�?ﻗﺒﺔ �?ﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
                    ‫ﻵﺑﺎﺭ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ — ﺇﺫ�? ﻣﺎ ﰎ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺑﺮ�?ﻣﺞ ﺭﻓﻊ �?ﻟﻮﻋﻲ ﻭ�?ﻟﺪﻋﻢ �?ﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ �?ﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
                                                     ‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ �?ﳊﺎﻟﺔ ‪‬ﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻼﻫﺘﺪ�?ﺀ ﺑﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﹸ‬
                    ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺩ�?ﺀ �?ﻟﺒﺌﺮ‪ ،‬�?ﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
                    ‫ﻋﻨﺪ �?ﳉﻔﺎﻑ‪ ،‬�?ﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎﺕ �?ﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻟﺦ‪ .‬ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ �?ﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺫ�?ﺕ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟ�?ﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ �?ﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ �?ﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻹﻣﺪ�?ﺩ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬
                                                                         ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ �?ﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ �?ﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

                                                            ‫)�?( ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ �?ﻟﺒﻠﺪﺓ �?ﻟﺼ�?ﻴﺮﺓ‬
                    ‫�? ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺪ�?ﺕ �?ﻟﺼ�?ﻴﺮﺓ )ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ �?ﻟﻄﻠ�? ﻋﻠﻰ �?ﳌﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ �?ﳌﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ( ﻓﺈﻥ �?ﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
                    ‫ﺮﺑﺤﺔ ﻹﻧﺘﺎ�? �?ﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ �?ﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ �?ﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ �?ﺗﺨﺎﺫ �?ﻟﻘﺮ�?ﺭ ﻓﻲ �?ﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼ�? �?ﳌﺮ�?ﻗﺒﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬  ‫�?ﳌ ﹸ‬
                    ‫ﻭﺣﻔﻈﺖ ﻓﻲ‬‫�?ﻷﺟﻞ ﻟﻠﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻲ ﻭﺳﻠﻮﻙ �?ﻟﺒﺌﺮ ﻓﻲ �?ﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ �?ﻟﻀﺦ �?ﳉﺎﺭﻱ‪ .‬ﺇﺫ�? ﻣﺎ ﰎ ﲡﻤﻴﻊ �?ﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ �?ﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﹸ‬
                    ‫�?ﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ ﺑﻮ�?ﺳﻄﺔ �?ﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ �?ﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ �?ﶈﻠﻴﺔ )ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺑﻀﻊ ﺳﻨﻮ�?ﺕ( ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻳﻮﺛﻖ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ �?ﻹﺳﺘﺮ�?ﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬
                                                        ‫ﻔﻀﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ �?ﺑﺎﺭ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﺣﻘﻮ�? �?ﻵﺑﺎﺭ �?ﻟﺼ�?ﻴﺮﺓ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺯ�?ﺩ �?ﻟﻄﻠ�?‪.‬‬ ‫�?ﳌ ﹸ‬

                    ‫�? ﺇﻥ �?ﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻮ�?ﺭﺩ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﺮﻭ�?ﺳ�? �?ﻟﻨﻬﺮﻳﺔ �?ﻟﺮﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻹﻣﺪ�?ﺩ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺪﺓ �?ﻟﺼ�?ﻴﺮﺓ ﹸ�?ﻜﻦ ﲢﺴﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮ�?ﻗﻊ‬
                    ‫ﺴﺘﺤﺚ‬   ‫�?ﻵﺑﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ �?‪‬ﺎﺭﻱ �?ﳌﺎﺋﻴﺔ )ﺇﻣﺎ �?ﻟﺪ�?ﺋﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ �?ﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮﺓ( ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﺪ�? �?ﻟﺘ�?ﺬﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼ�? �?ﻟﺘﺮﺷﺢ �?ﳌ ﹸ‬
                     ‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻉ �?ﻟﻨﻬﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻄﻠ�? ﻫﺬ�? �?ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ �?ﳉﻴﺪ ﳌﻮﻗﻊ �?ﻟﺒﺌﺮ ﻣﺮ�?ﻋﺎﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺤﻤﻞ �?ﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﻔﻴﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﲡﻨ�? ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ �?ﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻮ�?ﺿﺤﺔ‪.‬‬

                    ‫�? �?ﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ �?ﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ �?ﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺰﻭﺩﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺪﺓ ﺩﻭﺭ�? ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮ�?ﻗﺒﺔ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬�?ﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ �?ﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﺒﺌﺮ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ‬
                    ‫ﻣﺮ�?ﻗﺒﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴ�? �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻭ�?ﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﺫ�? ﻣﺎ ﰎ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ �?ﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩ ﻭ�?ﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ �?ﻟﻜﺎﻓﻴﲔ ﺑﻮ�?ﺳﻄﺔ �?ﳉﻬﺔ �?ﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﺔ‬
                    ‫ﻋﻦ ﺇﺩ�?ﺭﺓ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺳﺘﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺇﺟﺮ�?ﺀ�?ﺕ �?ﻹﺩ�?ﺭﺓ �?ﶈﻠﻴﺔ �?ﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ �?ﺑﺎﺭ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺗﺪﻋﻴﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
                                                                                                                                   ‫�?ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

                    ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺗﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻋﻦ �?ﻹﺟﺮ�?ﺀ�?ﺕ �?ﳌﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻭﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ�?ﺕ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻟﻠﺮﻳﻒ ﻭ�?ﻟﺒﻠﺪ�?ﺕ �?ﻟﺼ�?ﻴﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎ�?‬
                                                                    ‫ﻣﻮ�?ﺭﺩ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ �?ﳋﺰ�?ﻧﺎﺕ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﻗﺪ ﰎ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ �?ﳉﺪﻭ�? ‪.2‬‬

                                                 ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺠ�? ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ �?ﻟﺸﺌﻮﻥ �?ﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ؟‬
                    ‫�? ﻟﻘﺪ �?ﲡﻬﺖ ’ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ �?ﻟﻌﻘﺪ‘ ﺇﻟﻰ �?ﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ’ﺃﻣﺮ�?ﺽ �?ﺴﻞ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ‘‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ�?ﺕ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ .‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ �?ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﺿﻌﻔﻬﺎ‬
                    ‫ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ �?ﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺴﺒ�? �?ﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ �?ﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ�?ﺕ �?ﳌﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺷﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬
                    ‫ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺭﺷﺎﺩ�?ﺕ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ �?ﻟﺼﺤﺔ �?ﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺸﺮ�?‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ�?ﺕ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺓ �?ﳌﺪﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﻲ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ .‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺬ�? ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
                                          ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ �?ﳌﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ �?ﳋﺰ�?ﻧﺎﺕ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ�?ﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ �?ﻟﺒﻄﻲﺀ ﳌﻴﺎﻫﻬﺎ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻭ �?ﻟ�?ﺴﻴﻞ �?ﳉﺰﺋﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻠﺨﺰ�?ﻥ‪.‬‬

                    ‫�? ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ �?ﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ�?ﺕ �?ﳌﺰﻋﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻠﻮﺭﻳﺪ )‪ (F‬ﻫﻲ ﺃﻭ�? ﻣﺎ ﺟﺬ�? �?ﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺒﻊ ﻫﺬ�? ﺑﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﺰﺭﻧﻴﺦ )‪ (As‬ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ �?ﳌﻮ�?ﻗﻊ — ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
                    ‫�?ﻟﺘﻮ�?ﺟﺪ �?ﶈﺘﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺠﻨﻴﺰ )‪ (Mn‬ﻭ�?ﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ �?ﻟﺸﺤﻴﺤﺔ �?ﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻳﺠ�? ﺃﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ �?ﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ �?ﳋﺰ�?ﻧﺎﺕ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ‬
                    ‫�?ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺇﺳﺘﺮ�?ﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﺘﺠﻨ�? ﺃﻭ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ �?ﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ )�?ﳌﺬﻛﺮﺓ �?ﳌﻮﺟﺰﺓ ‪ — 14‬�?‪‬ﺎﻃﺮ �?ﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ (‪.‬‬
                    ‫ﻋﻼﻭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ �?ﻟﻄﻌﻢ ﺃﻭ �?ﻟﻠﻮﻥ �?ﻴﺮ �?ﳌﻘﺒﻮ�? ﻹﻣﺪ�?ﺩ�?ﺕ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ )ﻛﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻛﺒﺮﻳﺘﺎﺕ �?ﳌﺎ�?ﻨﺴﻴﻮﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻮﺭﻳﺪ �?ﻟﺼﻮﺩﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﻭ �?ﳊﺪﻳﺪ �?ﻟﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬
                                                                                     ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻦ‪.‬‬   ‫ﻟﻠﺬﻭﺑﺎﻥ( �?ﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺭﻓﺾ �?ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﹸ‬




                                                                                 ‫‪6‬‬
                       ‫�?ﻟﺒﻨﻚ �?ﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬
‫�?ﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ �?ﳌﺼﺎﺣ�? ﻟﻠﺸﺮ�?ﻛﺔ �?ﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ )‪(GWPAP‬‬




                                                                           ‫ﺟﺪﻭ�? ‪ :2‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺗﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ�?ﺕ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺸ�?ﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﻘﺮﻯ ﻭ�?ﻟﺒﻠﺪ�?ﺕ �?ﻟﺼ�?ﻴﺮﺓ‬

                                                     ‫ﻧﻮﻉ �?ﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ �?ﻟﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ‬

                    ‫‪COM‬‬         ‫‪PWPs‬‬         ‫‪WSCs‬‬          ‫‪NGOs‬‬      ‫‪PMA‬‬          ‫‪NCs‬‬       ‫‪GOV‬‬                                               ‫ﺇﺟﺮ�?ﺀ ‪ /‬ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ‪ /‬ﻧﺸﺎ�?‬

                      ‫�?‬            ‫‪T‬‬             ‫‪T‬‬           ‫‪V‬‬        ‫‪TV‬‬                       ‫■‬                                           ‫ﺗﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ �?ﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬        ‫�?‬


                                   ‫‪T‬‬             ‫‪T‬‬           ‫‪V‬‬        ‫‪TV‬‬           ‫■‬                                  ‫�?ﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎﻑ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ )ﺳﺠﻼﺕ‬                     ‫�?‬

                                                                                                         ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺻﻮﺭ �?ﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ �?ﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ �?ﻟﺦ‪( .‬‬

                                   ‫‪T‬‬             ‫‪T‬‬           ‫‪V‬‬        ‫‪TV‬‬           ‫■‬                                            ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻣﻴﺪ�?ﻧﻲ‬              ‫�?‬

                                                                                                                                   ‫))ﻣﺴﺢ ﺟﻴﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻲ �?ﻟﺦ‪( .‬‬

                      ‫■‬            ‫‪T‬‬             ‫‪T‬‬          ‫‪TV‬‬        ‫‪TV‬‬           ‫■‬                                    ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ �?ﺑﺎﺭ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬              ‫�?‬

                                                                                                                  ‫)ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ �?ﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﺓ �?ﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ �?ﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ(‬

                      ‫■‬            ‫‪T‬‬             ‫‪T‬‬          ‫‪TV‬‬        ‫‪TV‬‬           ‫■‬                                                ‫ﺣﻔﺮ �?ﺑﺎﺭ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺇﺗﻤﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬         ‫�?‬

                                                                                                               ‫)ﺃﻱ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ �?ﺧﺮ ﺑﺸﺮ�? ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺎ ﹸﹰ(‬

                                   ‫‪T‬‬             ‫‪T‬‬          ‫‪TV‬‬        ‫‪TV‬‬           ‫■‬           ‫■‬                               ‫�?ﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﺌﺮ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ )ﻛﻤﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺎ ﹰ(‬   ‫�?‬


                    ‫■‪V‬‬                           ‫‪T‬‬                    ‫‪TV‬‬           ‫■‬           ‫■‬          ‫�?ﻟﻔﺤﺺ �?ﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻟﺒﺌﺮ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ‪ /‬�?ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ‬                ‫�?‬


                    ‫■�?‬                           ‫‪T‬‬           ‫‪V‬‬        ‫‪TV‬‬                                                    ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀ �?ﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ‪ /‬ﺭﻓﻊ �?ﻟﻮﻋﻲ‬          ‫�?‬


                      ‫‪V‬‬            ‫‪T‬‬             ‫‪T‬‬                     ‫‪T‬‬           ‫■‬                                               ‫ﺗﺸ�?ﻴﻞ ﻭﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺌﺮ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬           ‫�?‬


                      ‫■‬            ‫‪T‬‬             ‫‪T‬‬                     ‫‪T‬‬                       ‫■‬                             ‫ﺗﺴﻌﻴﺮ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‪ /‬�?ﺳﺘﺮﺩ�?ﺩ �?ﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬           ‫�?‬


                     ‫‪TV‬‬            ‫‪T‬‬             ‫‪T‬‬                  ‫■�?‬           ‫■�?‬         ‫■�?‬                                   ‫ﻣﺮ�?ﻗﺒﺔ ﺑﺌﺮ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ‪ /‬�?ﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ‬         ‫�?‬

                                                                                                      ‫))�?ﺳﺘﺨﺪ�?ﻡ �?ﻟﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴ�? �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﻵﺑﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ(‬

                      ‫■‬                          ‫‪T‬‬           ‫‪V‬‬        ‫‪TV‬‬           ‫�?‬           ‫�?‬            ‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ �?ﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﺒﺌﺮ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ‪ /‬ﺃﺩ�?ﺀ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‪/‬‬     ‫�?‬




                                                                       ‫‪T‬‬           ‫‪T‬‬        ‫■�?‬                      ‫�?ﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬              ‫�?‬


                                   ‫‪T‬‬             ‫‪T‬‬           ‫‪V‬‬        ‫‪TV‬‬         ‫■�?‬                 ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺘ�?ﺬﻳﺔ �?ﻻﺭﺗﺪ�?ﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﺴﺠﻞ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ‬              ‫�?‬




                          ‫‪ T‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ �?ﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﻳﻴﻦ ﻭ‪/‬ﺃﹶﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﻬﺪﻱ �?ﺑﺎﺭ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬                                                  ‫ﻭﺯ�?ﺭ�?ﺕ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬                ‫‪*GOV‬‬
                                                         ‫‪ V‬ﻹﻣﺪ�?ﺩ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻟﺒﻠﺪﺓ ﺻ�?ﻴﺮﺓ‬              ‫ﻣﺮ�?ﻛﺰ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺔ )ﻭﻣﺜﺎ�? ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬�?ﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ �?ﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ(‬                 ‫‪NCs‬‬
                                       ‫■ ﺗﹸﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ �?ﻹﺟﺮ�?ﺀ ‪ /‬�?ﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ‪ /‬�?ﻟﻨﺸﺎ�?‬                                                 ‫ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺔ ‪ /‬ﻗﺮﻭﻳﺔ‬               ‫‪*PMA‬‬
                                                 ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺞ �?ﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬
                                                             ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻠﻢ ﹸ‬  ‫�? ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﹰ ﹸ‬                                      ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ �?ﻴﺮ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬                 ‫‪NGOs‬‬
                                                                                                  ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺸﺮ�? ﻭ�?ﻟﺼﺮﻑ �?ﻟﺼﺤﻲ )ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ(‬                  ‫‪WSC*s‬‬
                                                                                               ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻮ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ )�?ﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ �?ﻟﺼ�?ﻴﺮﺓ(‬               ‫‪PWP*s‬‬
                                                                                                                       ‫�?ﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ �?ﻷﻫﻠﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬                  ‫‪COM‬‬




                                                                                           ‫‪7‬‬
                       ‫�?ﻟﺒﻨﻚ �?ﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬
‫�?ﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ �?ﳌﺼﺎﺣ�? ﻟﻠﺸﺮ�?ﻛﺔ �?ﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ )‪(GWPAP‬‬




                ‫�? ﻟﻘﺪ �?ﲡﻬﺖ ’ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ �?ﻟﻌﻘﺪ‘ ﺇﻟﻰ �?ﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ’ﺃﻣﺮ�?ﺽ �?ﺴﻞ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ‘‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ�?ﺕ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ .‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ �?ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬
                ‫ﺿﻌﻔﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ �?ﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺴﺒ�? �?ﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ �?ﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ�?ﺕ �?ﳌﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺷﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬
                ‫ﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺭﺷﺎﺩ�?ﺕ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ �?ﻟﺼﺤﺔ �?ﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺸﺮ�?‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ�?ﺕ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺓ �?ﳌﺪﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﻲ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
                ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺬ�? ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ �?ﳌﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ �?ﳋﺰ�?ﻧﺎﺕ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ�?ﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ �?ﻟﺒﻄﻲﺀ ﳌﻴﺎﻫﻬﺎ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻭ �?ﻟ�?ﺴﻴﻞ �?ﳉﺰﺋﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻠﺨﺰ�?ﻥ‪:‬‬
                ‫�? ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ �?ﳋﺰ�?ﻧﺎﺕ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻀﺤﻠﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﺑﺸﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ �?ﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‪ :‬ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
                                                                                                               ‫�?‪‬ﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻘﹸ ﺮﻯ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ �?ﻷﺻﻠﻲ‬
                                                           ‫ﻜﺜﻒ ﶈﺎﺻﻴﻞ �?ﻟﺴﻮﻕ‬    ‫ﹸ‬ ‫�?ﳌ‬ ‫�?ﻹﻧﺘﺎ�?‬ ‫ﺫ�?ﺕ‬ ‫�?‪‬ﺎﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﻘﻮ�?‬  ‫�?ﳊﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬   ‫�? �?ﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺕ �?ﳌﺒﻴﺪ�?ﺕ‬
                                                                          ‫ﺬﻳﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ �?ﳌﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ‪.‬‬    ‫�? �?ﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ �?ﻟﻌﺮﺿﻲ ﻟﻠﺰﻳﻮﺕ ﻭ�?ﳌ ﹸ‬
                ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬ�? ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺠ�? ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ �?ﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ �?ﻟﻔﺤﻮﺹ �?ﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﳌﺼﺪﺭ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺟﺮ�?ﺀ�?ﺕ �?ﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻭ �?ﳌﺮ�?ﻗﺒﺔ �?ﳌﻼﺋﻤﺔ )ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ‬
                                                  ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺰﺓ ‪ — 8‬ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﻣﻮﺟﺰﺓ ‪ — 9‬ﻣﺮ�?ﻗﺒﺔ ﺇﺩ�?ﺭﺓ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ(‪.‬‬

                                                                                           ‫ﻗﺮ�?ﺀ�?ﺕ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬
                ‫‪- Chilton, P. J. and Foster, S. S. D. 1995. Hydrogeological Characterization and Water Supply Potential‬‬
                  ‫‪of Basement Aquifers in Tropical Africa. Hydrogeological Journal 3: 36–49.‬‬
                ‫‪- Foster, S., Chilton, J., Moench, M., Cardy, F. and Schiffler, M. 2000 Groundwater in Rural Development‬‬
                  ‫‪– facing the challenges of supply and resource sustainability. World Bank Technical Paper 463. Washington,‬‬
                  ‫‪D.C., USA‬‬
                ‫‪- Langenegger, O. 1994. Groundwater Quality and Handpump Corrosion in West Africa. UNDP-World‬‬
                  ‫‪Bank Water and Sanitation Program Publication. World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA.‬‬
                ‫‪- Lloyd, B. and Helmer, R. 1991. Surveillance of Drinking Water Quality in Rural Areas. WHO-UNEP‬‬
                  ‫‪Publication. Longman. London, UK.‬‬
                ‫‪- MacDonald, A. M., Davies, J., Calow, R. and Chilton, P. J. 2004. Developing groundwater: a guide for‬‬
                  ‫‪rural water supply. ITDG Publishing. Rugby, UK.‬‬
                ‫‪- Van Dongen, P. and Woodhouse, M. 1994. Finding Groundwater: A Project Manager’s Guide to‬‬
                  ‫‪Techniques and How to Use Them. UNDP-World Bank Water and Sanitation Program Publication.‬‬
                  ‫‪World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA.‬‬


                                                                                                  ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎﺕ �?ﻟﻨﺸﺮ‬
                 ‫ﻫﺬﻩ �?ﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮ�?ﺕ �?ﻟﻤﻮﺟﺰﺓ )‪ (GW•MATE‬ﺗﺼﺪﺭ ﻋﻦ �?ﻟﺒﻨﻚ �?ﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻤﻘﺮﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻭ�?ﺷﻨﻄﻦ �?ﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ – �?ﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ �?ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺓ �?ﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﹰ‬
                   ‫ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ �?ﻟﺒﻨﻚ �?ﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ �?ﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮ�?ﺭﺩ �?ﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ �?ﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ )‪ (www.worldbank.org/gwmate‬ﻭ�?ﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ �?ﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺸﺮ�?ﻛﺔ‬
                                                                     ‫�?ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ )‪.(www.gwpforum.org‬‬
                           ‫ﻭﺗﻌﺒﺮ �?ﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻭ�?ﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺮ�?ﺕ ﻭ�?ﻻﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﺎﺕ �?ﻟﻮ�?ﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ �?ﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ �?ﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ �?ﻟﺨﺎﻟﺼﺔ ﻭﻳﺠ�? ﺃﻻ ﺗﻨﺴ�? ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ �?ﻟﺒﻨﻚ �?ﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
                                                                                       ‫ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﻪ �?ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﻴﻦ ﺃﻭ �?ﻟﺒﻠﺪ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﺜﻠﻮﻧﻬﺎ‪.‬‬




                                                                                         ‫ﺗﻤﻮﻳﻞ �?ﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻭ�?ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻧﺪﺓ‬
                                                       ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ �?ﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ �?ﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻹﺩ�?ﺭﺓ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
                                                     ‫�?ﻟﺸﺮ�?ﻛﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ �?ﻟﺒﻨﻚ �?ﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﻭﻫﻮﻟﻨﺪ�? )‪ ،(BNWPP‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮ�?ﺭﺩ �?ﻟﺼﻨﺎﺩﻳﻖ �?ﻻﺳﺘﺌﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ �?ﻟﺘﻲ‬
                                                                        ‫ﺗﺘﻴﺤﻬﻤﺎ �?ﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺘﺎﻥ �?ﻟﻬﻮﻟﻨﺪﻳﺔ ﻭ�?ﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬




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