~__ _ ___ _ _ ___ -7 A joint publication by the Policy Research and the Poverty and Social Policy Departments of the Wodd Bank No. 4 October, 1996 LSM S Services: sioned to preliminary analysis of the New Help in Designing, Conducting, and Using compiled data -- between 18 and 36 months and from $500,000 to LSMS Surveys $1,000,000. To obtain meaningful in- formation about changes in household welfare over time, surveys should be KY Tho are the poor? Why are Producing an LSMS Survey repeated periodically; costs for subse- ~AI theypoor? What measures TeLM isanto-esuvyquent surveys miay be half those of the h _ D a_ A~~~~~~~'M LSS U is a nation-vr Jid suve init'ia suvy Coun es t comm A vgare most effective in helping thlat provides accurate measures of oinur Countr ata cotis- them to help themselves? To answer ables common to a broad cross-section sion LSMS surveys often do so as part these questions, researchers, anysts of the population (e.g. poverty, malnu- of a broader effort to analyze poverty and poli makers need high quality in- t a empoymntalleviation measures, and pay for the formtio aboutt hous ehl aenn lmedt rates). h surves ef th formAtions about household and resuling data allow analysts to evaluateompleted individual welfare. Since 1980, the current lving standards and t World Bank loan or bilateral aid. Living Standards Measurement Study oA growing number of countries have (LSMS) has supported systematic pchngesee provnct found that the inforation obtained household surveys to provide such damta Plicy inpgut (smlee box Lse from an LSMS survey is well worth the sIdeed, LSMS Surveys have Pang anusey d timlei s a LSMS cost. Box 2 dedgscribes the ways that an comletd mabot wo oze conbeensuvyia substantial und~~aking' LSMS survey inSouth Africa contrib- completed In abspoute, twohze n o uy Rieseche first survey in a country typically uter tomoe ecive povery reducti and are planned or underway in a dozen requires -- from the tim it is commis- uef orts others. efrs As more surveys have been completed and the value of household data in pol- icy design has become more widely Box 1: What is an ISMS survey? appreciated, dieand has grown for as- sistance in designing and implementing The LSM swveys use an integrated set of questionnaires to collect data on surveys, and for access to LSMS data household living standards, Siaveys are designed to be repeated on a regular sets hi espose, he PlicyReserch basis tracking conditions as they change owr time. Using these survey results set. I 1 efrespoQrnsethPoiyRsac Department, Poverty and Human Re- analysts can: sources Division (PRDPH) ha e prodiuce a comprehensive measure of household welfare, and evaluate its improved its services and created new distrbution across the population and over time; tools for those interested in undertaking an LSMS or other systemiatic household * evaluate patterns ifn acces to socd-a services, such as schools, clinics or survey. This note describes the assis- welfvO program;S tance that PRDPH provides to * identify the determinants of soco-econonic outcomes (e.g., how women's encourage the collection and use of high schoolingaffectsferlity decisionss or how health status affects workers' labor quality household data. suppty); and e exanine household responses to changes in economic conditions or government programs (e.g., how price subsidies influence consumption patterns, or how clinic userfees affect health care choices). Resources Provided by testing l 3- -o PRDPH * ~~~~~~~~~~~~sample design ........ f ield operations PRDPH provides a varietyr of re- ..at.mngeen.nda.lyi.Boal..ma .....y .a...bee. sources to support the survey process. ..-insored ,rr a..................w..... Although these resources draw primar- The manual first describes a .te....i... ...d.... ily on experience with the LSMS 'prototype' survey, including question- E...........f .r ..... ca surveys, they offer useful gudance to naire format and implementation ...... esults f ..thes s... a. e any survey aimed at collectng compre- procedures. This prototype is a corn- .. ... hensive household- or community- level posite that draws o a number of actual .. te - X. t data. PRDPH staff and consultants surveys; each LSMS survey is unique .t.he.. Wfi....internal.:.web-sit. also provide technical input to World and sometimes differences are conscider- ..7....r ....a... Bank-assisted surveys. able. . D o ae - a ..!..ou... thmok0oe,tins noia The manual focuses on how to adapt ..ion.. ..n ...eymehool..Th Survey Manual. As part of an on- the LSMS meffiod to each country's ..&.... in the going effort to document, evaluate and mndvidual objectives and constraints. E ........ . . ........... improve LSMS support services, The questionnaires are designed in a e: preparing bs PRDPH has recently published A flexible, modular format so that sections ess: prepanng basic abstrcts, Manualfor Planning and Implement- can be incorporated or omitted depend- undertaking more complex analytical ing the LSMS Survey (LSMS Worldng ing on the survey goals and the studies, disseminating the infonnation, Paper 126). The manual is designed to particular characteristics of a given and promoting its use. Methods are il- support the broad spectrum of people country (see box 4). Sample design and lustrated practically showing actual who collaborate on an LSMS survey - field operations can also vary, ancd the questions that have been investigated by staff in planning agencies, statistical manual helps planners identify the pr- analysts using LSMS data, such as agencies, line ministnies, academia, and ornties and trade-offs invoLved. "what would happen if user fees were development agencies - who are not Common to all LSMS surveys, lhow- raised?" and "how much do workers fauiliar with survey methods and data ever, are an extensive set of quality benefit from publc works schemes?". analysis procedures. controls to minimize errors in colle&ting Finally, the manual includes a step- The manual explains the planning proc- and processing data, and the manual by-stp guide to developing a budget ess, technical procedures, and standards provides thorough guidance on how to and work program. This information, used in LSMS surveys. Specific topics incorporate these techniques. based on 10 years of LSMS experience, covered by the manual include: The payoff of these efforts, i;, of s provided mi order to help the planner cus,in the data that the surveys set ralistic goals. course, m The manua teves Throughout, the manual draws on in- *survey budget and workplan make available. The manual devoteso diaidual county experiences for questionnaire formatting and chapter to begfinning the analysis proc- examples and illustrations, providing a hands-on, practical tool for survey Th .uvywascmpetduibe- ete atee ctio_. Th a i wr ucl tt Other Resources. In addition to usebythenwgor...e. .. Te ft p t .. . the mnu, se erl oth extnsvesttitialabtrct this wa oloe bapveypoiepea rdjinl avalble to support the process of de- P-gli f n.. a................ .....t f.............. .t.l d ..... signin and imple LSM S-tpe cing¢-~~~~~~~~.~~~ -tj- ~~~~~surveys. Most are available in wngish inthel'S"sreyhshepdtosit atteto topamtcdsusosoplc only; some (especially questionnaires) . . . . - f fi.....................- I I> ... ....-......... .. ... are woe in rua ara job *n puli w*k prjet sic the dat *'oe tha this in cluding Frnh Spaniish, Russian and hav reeaedtht heaI ager winsion prograblseell early .997 on to reformi other ro rains ththtrRmsybeclessi effeciive. Bao 4: Modules in the LSMS how to adapt them for use in indi- fers as part of its ongoing management Survy - vidual countries of the former of the LSMS data. Soviet Union. Data from most LSMS surveys are Househokd Questionnaire available for distribution. Before re- * CGnsumpfion * Five country case studies illustrat- questing a specific data set, users can - iEmployment-- ing how to build in-country analytic consult the Guide and review basic * &MngsCredit capacity in conjunction with the documents for the survey(s) of interest. - Arwullural/Postoral hkome survey process. The case studies These documents are available free of l * FTini7y Buiness jInome. cover Bolivia, Jamaica, the Kyrgyz charge from PRDPH. In some cases, it * Health Republic, South Africa, and Viet * cadon Narn; a summary paper discussing * Anthropometrics the experience in all five is also be- World Bank task * Fehi?rtility ing prepared. managers may atend the Housing and Durable Goods * Remittances PRDPH is in the process of develop- annual LSMS training ing two additional resources: first, a cours Te next session Coimmrunit Quest Mnnaire- paper on how statistical institutes can * PublSevice sh , heth- develop data archiving and dissemina- -schedled four centers, libraies, etc tion capabilities (available by end- November 20-22, 1996. - Locl Infrastructure: rad, 1996); second, a manual on question- T - c your water, sewerage, et. naire design (draft available in 1997). your World Bank task managers may also trainin coordinator or Prie Questionnaire attend PRDPH's annual LSMS tra3iiing the and *Local prices for food and non- course. The course runs for 3 days and Learning food items provides an in-depth look at managing Leadership Center. the survey process. No prior survey Faclifi Questionnaire experience is required. The next session * Qallly o&of the, facili r is scheduled for November 20-22, 1996. sionto use the data (see Box 5) The example; material of w To attend, contact your traing coordi- illngness to release data varies greatly constrction, number and nator or the Learning and Leadership among countries. PRDPH is working --: uatifiration2s of staff hour~s of ---Center. . ua~cats of staff ho.rs of. Center. > --.to make data access more open, but us- --opertioners should be aware of individual * Tes r offered, for ObtainingLSMSData country policies. Where prior govern- example, nutriionprograqns, ne : --welthabycare ~~~In recent years, PRDPH has greatly ment permussion is needed, the Guide wellbaby care:: * Pr,ices forservices -expanded access to information about explains procedures to follow. the surveys, improved documentation PRDPH will make data available on for most of the surveys, and worked diskettes in ASCII, SAS-portable or with governments to increase public ac- STATA format. ASCII data sets in- These resources include: cess to the data. Each year PRDPH clude dictionaries with variable names. staff respond to about 300 requests for SAS portable and STATA files include * Saimple questionnaires, interviewer information resulting in the distribution variable names and labels when they and supervisor mnanuals, abstracts of about 150 data sets. exist. Each request for data should of results and documentation of To further this effort, PRDPH has re- specify the data sets needed, and the survey data sets. cently published A Guide to LSMS desired computer format. Include a Surveys and Their Data Sets (LSMS brief description of the proposed re- * Generic versions of questionmaires Working Paper No. 120). The paper search, and, if required, a letter of that can be adapted for countries in summarizes the data stored in the approval from the corresponding gov- transition. These questionnaires are LSMS archives and the access agree- ernment. A processing fee will be available (in Russian and English, ments with the countries concerned. It charged to cover the costs of archiving on diskette) along with a guide on also describes services that PRDPH of. and disseminating the data. w wllt M. 4- I I ~11.2 >0 _ Box 5: Data Currenti Stored in PRDPHArchives and Availaie or Distribution j.i,X .;d$. W .or . ..0:0..S:... ..; . t ..- .4 . t ... "''" """ ', , ,S"' ' ............ ..... ........ ...... ..0 0~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~. .. .000tSyg"'t'Eif--- .. ... ..........' ";""0i"illi00:',..,,-' tlllg ' 0 :t:;-- 0 --t,-t,----, X-,,:l-00 1'1' 3:000X m ro u: Bu aria R 1 995 J -vrtnn ennssiti sred 0' 'St't''t"'"i'''"'""''T""!"'"''.... . .. .. . ._ . . .. I.. X ,,,lt,.| . , . . . . .,. . . . ., . , l. . . . . . . . . . . . . CTe d'Ivoire. ...........,985 196 987, 1988-.e..tenison 'e ',Ni~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~... ..... ........... ............t'S.""0$:EtT'l'tStl''l -l'" ''-- -00t l Ecuaor 994199 a-e 0 .. V j .X t.j t. .i.4.. 00000 . ,,,. . .................... , .0.0 ..0 f.f.f.t.0. ..., .f.. . . -T U d . ........,, , ..... ......... ...; k#S- G ......... 3 ove......e..ss.i.. r.e ami ca 198-99 (l ovr"en 'ri o '1red' M~~~~~~~....... .... .. Z ..... ..... Pakistan Rep99li,1 9 ............ o .acess Rnomlanio on9/9 SDAun eurvys,iee Bxo3 *Russal o heRsia*Lri oioil uvywbst 1at htp/rw.p accel/poes/ls/lshm.t. Southe Anfonnatinw SSre cnb ucae 199 th acpesso h oet Lnsnwlte Taai J World 1 Bank9 boktr,orodrdb accessinonaio n h LM Vietnam 1~~~~~~~~~992/9'3 .....e...misio Kyrgs Roeadtetonwpublic,NplPa ama -aauy Tuonisi and Ukrain may155 be fadde to2the a rchive Paes ovrtenxswearis. Fhor epg ionformationri on Sar survet of Bnoxgin 3. 22 .TeGiei loaa:al i eie snwsresadipoe efrb Available tonpromo the RussiaLntudl Montoring Svey Wod site Wat . t.p.... w. cpc .nc.edu.pro.ctur.msnrto b_ome aalae.. Furthe Infteousehold daSSuvycateaucasda thes copepaes Tof thequs Poveta Liets newsletteradi and o ecourge ndsppotfut Worlsde Bakrooktr,o o rdrigcered by and tiondl information aont the LSMS, survey work in World Bank member Guide, the LSMS Homepage also pro- please use the return addresses given countries. A Guide to LSMS Surveys vides doctumentation for many of the below. and Their Data Sets and A Manual surveys and data from recent surveys. for Planning and Impylementing the In addition, readers can also access | :gj 1 k s | rs ~~~~~This issue as writen byMargar Grosh and Diane Steele and edited by Lawrnce B. Maconald and Brian Culbane. Poverty Lines is prepared by Gillette Hall vwit assistne from Andrea Ramirez and Vivian Chag. For information or for asubscription, contact: LSMS Administrator (Atm: Poverty Lines) Visit our World Wide Web sites: World Bank, N8-058 PSP Poverly Home Page: htp:iThco.worldlbankorgohvml/povext/contensthtml 1818 H Street; N.W. LSM Home Page: htp://vwww.worldbankorg/hltml/ prdpli/snis'snihme,tml Washington, D.C. 20433 Fax: (202)522-1153 Internet lsms@wrldbankorg _g~~~~~~~~~~~~......9