E4742 V5 Volume I FEBRUARY 2015 Contents Section Title Page No. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i- xxxvi 1. Project Context 1 1.1 State Specific Details- Manipur 2 2. Environment and Social Context - Manipur 5 2.1 Approach/ Methodology 6 2.2 Consultation/Participation 6 2.3 Structure of the Report 7 3. Manipur at a Glance 8 4. Stakeholder Analysis 19 Issues, Impacts and Management Measures - Social Part - A 21 5. Issues, Impacts and Management Measures - Social 5.1 Social Issues and Impacts 21 5.2 Management Framework 22 5.3 Principles 22 5.4 Definition 22 5.5 Legal and Regulatory Framework 25 5.6 Mitigation Measures 28 Issues, Impacts and Management Measures - Environment PART - B 35 6. Issues, Impacts and Management Measures - Environment 6.1 Environment Issues and Impacts 35 6.2 Principles 37 6.3 Definition 37 6.4 Legal and Regulatory Framework 38 6.5 Assessment of Environmental Impact 42 6.6 Management Framework 43 Integration of environment and social management measures into 46 7. overall project cycle 8. Implementation Arrangement 70 8.1 Administrative Arrangement for Project Implementation 70 8.2 Review of Project Implementation Progress 70 Implementation Arrangement for Environment & Social 71 8.3 Management by MSPCL 9. Training & Capacity Building 78 10. Grievance Redressal Mechanism (GRM) 82 11. Monitoring & Evaluation 83 12. Budget 86 List of Tables Table No. Title 1.1 Summary of subprojects in Tranche- I under NERPSIP 3.1 Administrative Setup in Manipur 3.2 Demographic Profile 3.3 Land Use Pattern 3.4 District-wise Forest Cover 3.5 List of Protected Areas 4.1 Key Stakeholders and their Expectations/Issues 5.1 Management Measures to Address Potential Social Issues 5.2 Legal and Regulatory Provisions – Social 5.3 Land Availability for Substation 5.4 Minimum Compensation for Land Acquisition 5.5 Minimum R&R Entitlement Framework 6.1 RoW Clearance between Conductors and Trees 6.2 Legal and Regulatory Provisions – Environment 6.3 Potential Environmental Issues and Management Measures Environmental and Social Assessment & Management Process of a Typical 7.1 T & D Project 7.2 MSPCL’s Risk Responsibility Framework Responsibility Allocation Framework for the E & S Assessment & Management 8.1 Process 9.1 MSPCL’s Skill Requirement 9.2 Skill Development Program 11.1 Monitoring of mitigation measures under ESPP List of Figures Figure No. Title 1.1 Power Map of Manipur 3.1 Energy Consumption Pattern and Number of Consumers in the State 5.1 Activity Chart of RFCTLARRA, 2013 6.1 Approval Process of Forest Clearance 7.1 Project Cycle of a Typical Transmission/Distribution Project 7.2 Environmental and Social Management Procedures Implementation Arrangement for Environment and Social Management by 8.1. MSPCL List of Annexures Annexure Title No. 1 Comprehensive Details of Manipur 2 Manipur Investment Plan under NERPSIP (GoI & World Bank Funding) Salient Features of the Right to fair compensation and Transparency in Land 3 Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Act, 2013 (RFCTLARRA, 2013) 4 Salient Features of the Electricity Act, 2003 Tree/Crop/Tower Footing Compensation Process (other than Forest Land 5 Compensation) 6 Health and Safety Checklist 7 Regulations for measures relating to Safety and Electric Supply 8 Right of Way/Width (RoW) in Forest 9 Forest Clearance Process 9a Online Submission and Monitoring of Forests Clearances Proposals (OSMFCP) 10 Environment Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 11 Form –8 for Disposal of Batteries Hazardous Waste(Management, Handling & Transboundary Movement) Rule, 12 2008 notification dated 24th Sept.’ 2008 13 Form-2 for Maintaining Records of E-Waste Handled / Generated Pro-forma for Environment and Social details for Transmission Line and Sub- 14 Stations 15 Format for details of Sites identified for Sub-Stations 16 MSPCL’s Investment Approval Process 17 Form of Safety Plan to be submitted by the Contractor 18 Checklist for Inspection of Transmission Lines and Sub-Station 19 Sample ToR for Bio-diversity Assessment 20 Contents of Initial Environment Assessment Report (IEAR) 21 Contents of Compensation Plan for Temporary Damages (CPTD) 22 Contents of Final Environment Assessment Report (FEAR) 23 MSPCL’s Public Consultation Process Abbreviations ADB Asian Development Bank AHDC Autonomous Hill District Councils AMI Automated Metering Infrastructure APDRP Accelerated Power Development and Reform Program ARR Annual Revenue Requirement ASI Archaeological Survey of India CEA Central Electric Authority CEO Chief Executive Officer CF Conservator of Forests CGS Central Generating Stations Ckm Circuit kms CMD Chairman cum Management Director CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CPIU Central Project Implementation Unit CPTD Compensation Plan for Temporary Damages DC Deputy Commissioner DL Distribution Line DM District Magistrate DoP Department of Power DPR Detailed Project Report DTs Distribution Transformers EA Environmental Assessment EAMP Environment Assessment Management Plan EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMF Electro Magnetic Fields EMP Environment Management Plan EPA Environment Protection Act ESMC Environment and Social Management Cell ESMF Environment and Social Management Framework ESPP Environment and Social Policy and Procedures FAC Forest Advisory Committee FEAR Final Environment Assessment Report GHG Green House Gas GoI Government of India GoMan Government of Manipur GRC Grievance Redressal Committee GRM Grievance Redressal Mechanism ICNIRP International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection IEAR Initial Environment Assessment Report IEE Initial Environment Examination LAA Land Acquisition Act MDoNER Ministry of Development of North East Region MIS Management Information System MoEF & CC Ministry of Environment Forests and Climate Change MoP Ministry of Power MSPCL Manipur State Power Company Limited NCR National Council on Radiation NEC North East Council NER North Eastern Region NERPSIP North Eastern Region Power System Improvement Project NEP National Environment Policy NLCPR Non-lapsable Central Pool of Resources NOC No objection certificate NPV Net Present Value O&M Operation and Maintenance ODS Ozone Depleting Substances OP Operational Policy PAF Project Affected Family PAP Project Affected Persons PCCF Principal Chief Conservator of Forests PMC Project Management Consultant PPIU PMC Project Implementation Unit R&R Rehabilitation and Resettlement RAPDRP Restructured Accelerated Power Development Reform Programme Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition RFCTLARRA Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 RGGVY Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana RTI Right of Information SEBs State Electricity Boards SF6 Sulphur Hexafluoride SIA Social Impact Assessments SIMP Social Impact Assessment and Management Plan SoI Survey of India SPCB State Pollution Control Board SPCU State Project Implementation Unit SPS Safeguard Policy Statement TAC Tribal Advisory Council T&D Transmission & Distribution TL Transmission Line ToR Terms of Reference TPDP Tribal Peoples’ Development Plan WB World Bank EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. India's North East Region (NER) stretches across the eastern foothills of the Himalayan mountain range and is comprised of seven states including Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Manipur. Geographically the region is connected to the other parts of the country through a small “chicken neck” corridor in the State of West Bengal. With a total population of 45.6 million (2011 census), the sparsely populated NER accounts for about 3.7 percent of India’s total population and covers 7.9 percent of India’s total geographical area. The vast majority of the region’s population lives in rural areas, accounting for 82 percent of the total population as against compared to the national average of 69 percent (2011). A large part of the NER is hilly and, recognized as one of the globe’s biodiversity hotspots. Forests cover over 2/3rd of the area, twice exceeding the policy target of 33%. This sparsely populated region is characterized by extraordinary ethnic, cultural, religious and linguistic diversity, with more than 160 Scheduled Tribes (out of 630 in the country) comprising over 400 distinct sub tribal groups, and a large and diverse non-tribal population as well. 2. Regional Power Transmission and Distribution. The North Eastern Region (NER) in India is endowed with rich energy resources but faces significant bottlenecks in electricity access and availability levels. The per capita power consumption in NER is one-third of the national average. The region has a shortfall of about 500 MW installed capacity against peak demand of about 1950 MW. No significant generation capacity has been added in the recent past. Therefore, inadequate power supply continues a critical constraint to sustainable growth and economic development in the NER. Some states are generally not able to draw even their allocated share of power from the Central Generating Stations (CGS) through the grid due to poor/ inadequate intra/ interstate transmission and distribution network and no capacity addition towards transmission/distribution power system not done due to fund constraints. The transmission and distribution (T&D) losses are also drastically high (up to 50%) across most of the States as a large number of remote hilly areas are connected through long low tension lines, resulting in low voltages and poor quality of power at consumer end. While generation capacity addition of about 4000 MW program over present installed capacity is already underway, adequate transmission and distribution infrastructure to transmit and distribute this power to consumers within the North-Eastern States is the need of the day. Project Context 3. In order to create/ augment proper infrastructure of T&D in NER. Government of India (GoI) has formulated a “Composite scheme for transmission and distribution (T&D) in NER” capable of delivering adequate power to most consumers with reliability, aiming to improve the inter-state and intra-state transmission and sub-transmission infrastructure and reduce system losses in all the NER states. The Govt. of India (GoI) has approached the World Bank to provide US$ 1500 million of IBRD funding support to portion of the scheme “NER Power System Improvement Project (NERPSIP)” in three investment tranches each being US$ 500 million for strengthening, augmentation of the intra-state and interstate transmission and distribution schemes (33kV and above and above) and undertake capacity building initiatives across six NER States of Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Manipur and Nagaland for World Bank & GoI funding. Ministry of Power (MoP), GoI has appointed POWERGRID, as the Central Implementing Agency (IA) to the six North East States for the Project. However, the ownership of the assets shall be with the respective State Governments/ State Utilities, which upon progressive commissioning shall be handed over to them for taking care of Operation and Maintenance of Assets at their own cost. i 4. The project’s first investment tranche would be implemented over a seven year period (2014- 2021) and has two major components, namely: a) Priority investments for strengthening of intra-state transmission and distribution systems; b) Technical Assistance for Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building of power utilities and departments. 5. Manipur. In the above background, Manipur state, one of the states in NER, is contemplating major expansion and augmentation of its transmission & distribution network in near future by implementing projects with the help/grant from GoI and other Multilateral Funding Agencies like the World Bank and ADB. Given the unique socio-economic, cultural and environmental resources, Manipur State Power Company Limited (MSPCL) in Manipur is committed to manage them highly sustainably. Towards this, plans have been made by MSPCL to prepare an Environment and Social Policy and Procedures (ESPP) to serve as a guiding instrument. MSPCL assimilates environmental and social management procedures into its corporate functioning and also layout management procedures and protocol to address them. It outlines MSPCL's commitment to deal with environmental and social issues relating to its transmission & distribution projects with a framework for identification, assessment and management of environmental and social concerns at both organizational as well as project levels. For this, POWERGRID, with proven credentials in management of environmental and social issues of large number of power transmission projects both within and outside the country has been mandated to prepare an ESPP for MSPCL. Thus, it enables MSPCL; • To establish clear procedures and methodologies for the environmental and social screening, planning, review, approval and implementation of subprojects to be financed under the Project; • To specify appropriate roles and responsibilities, and outline the necessary reporting procedures, for managing and monitoring environmental and social concerns related to sub- projects; • To determine the training, capacity building and technical assistance needed to successfully implement the provisions of the ESPP; • To ensure adequate financial provisions to meet the management measures to be undertaken to mitigate the impacts. MSPCL also believes that the ESPP is dynamic and living document, which shall be further upgraded in light of the experiences gained from field implementation and other relevant factors while mainstreaming the environmental and social concerns in its corporate functioning. MSPCL’s Environment & Social Policy Environment & Social Policy Statement “MSPCL aims to achieve sustainable development by identifying, addressing and managing environmental social and concerns by creating awareness among stakeholders, adopting a transparent approach and introducing the state of the art technologies by adhering to the basic principles of Avoidance, Minimization and Mitigation for ensuring cleaner, safer and healthier environment”. ii 6. The key principles of MSPCL’s Environmental and Social Policy are: • Avoidance of environmentally and socially sensitive areas while planning project activities; • Minimization of impacts when project activities occur in environmentally and socially sensitive areas; • Mitigation of any unavoidable negative impacts arising out of its projects. Methodology & Approach 7. The ESPP has been prepared following a region/ state specific environmental and social assessments which involved generating information through both primary and secondary sources including consultations and library research. The methodology adopted to identify the potential environment and social impacts is based on experience gained from implementation of similar projects and baseline assessments of work activities anticipated in this proposed project. The methodology takes in to account wide range of receptors: • Physical & chemical environment (e.g. water, soil, etc.); • Biological environment (forest, animals, birds, etc.); and • Communities, social groups and individuals (loss of land, loss of agricultural production, tribal, vulnerable groups (women and backward classes), socio-economic condition, health and safety risks). 8. The basic approach involved broadly the following: • Review of environment & social baseline information from secondary source of the project area; • Review of existing national & state specific legislations and policy and procedures of multilateral agencies; • Review of project related documents; and • Stakeholders’ consultations. Consultation/ Participation 9. Consultations with key stakeholders including local, state, regional, central government entities and key ministries at the state level and central level as well as with World Bank officials were undertaken to know views and concerns about environmental and social issues/ concerns of the project. This activity ensured appropriate participation and gathering views from the environment and social perspective of all the stakeholders’ which is integrated in this ESPP to be adopted during different stages of the project implementation. Manipur at a Glance 10. The State lies between latitude of 230 50’N to 250 42’N and longitude of 92058’E -94045’E. The State is bounded by Nagaland (204 km) in the north, Mizoram (95 km) in the south, Assam (204 km) in the west, and by the International borders of the country Burma/Myanmar 352 km) in the east as well as in the south. The State capital is Imphal, located in the centre of the State. The total area covered by the state is about 22,347 km². The State has rich natural resources which include unique iii floating mass of vegetation on the Loktak Lake, forests and the wet forests /the pine forests occur between 900-2700 m above MSL. They together sustain a host of rare and endemic plant and animal life. The local flora and fauna bear a very close affinity and resemblance with the floral and faunal components of the Indo-Malayan and Indo-Chinese sub-regions. The State is located in the bio- geographic zone of 9B-North-East hills and possesses an extremely rich bio-diversity. Blessed with an amazing variety of flora and fauna, 67% of the geographical area of Manipur is hill tract covered forests. One third of the population belongs to Schedule Tribes whose lives are intrinsically woven with that of the forests. 11. The State has presently 9 districts of which 5 districts are located in the hill areas and 4 districts are spread out in the valley. The valley areas of the State are covered under Part IX of the Constitution. However, the hill areas of the State are governed by a special State legislation i.e the Manipur Hill Areas District Councils Act, 1971. This Act has provisions similar to those contained in the Sixth Schedule and has established six Autonomous Hill District Councils in Manipur, covering 5 districts. The activities of the Councils are confined to agriculture, horticulture, primary and adult education and tribal welfare. No power to levy taxes is given to these bodies and they depend entirely on grants from the Government. The provisions of the Fifth Schedule are applicable to them. The list of Autonomous District Councils is presented below: i) Chandel Autonomous District Council (Chandel District) ii) Churachandpur Autonomous District Council(Churachandpur district), iii) Sadar Hills Autonomous District Council, Kangpokpi iv) Manipur North Autonomous District Council (Senapati District) v) Tamenglong Autonomous District Council (Tamenglong) District, vi) Ukhrul Autonomous District Council (Ukhrul District). 12. The provisional population of Manipur as per census 2011 was 27, 21,756 out of which 13,69,764 were males and 13,51,992 were females. Decadal growth of population in the State during 2001-2011 was 18.65 % and males growth were 17.88 % and females were 19.44 % respectively. The Scheduled Tribes (STs) and Scheduled Castes (SCs) population consists nearly 35.1% and 3.8% of the total population in the State. 13. Forest is an integral part of the culture and tradition of Manipur as its protection maintains the ecology of the State. The State has a geographical area of 22,327 sq. km. of which 17418 sq.km. (78 %) is the recorded forest area; Reserved Forests constitute 8.40%, Protected Forests 24% and Un-classed Forests constitute 67.60%. The deforestation for Jhumming (shifting cultivation) is an age-old practice in the hills of Manipur. But during the last 20 years there is a tremendous increase in the area of Jhum cultivation, mostly in the dense forest areas caused by rapid increase of population of the tribal living in forest. 14. Manipur has one National Parks (NP) and one Wildlife Sanctuaries (WLS) covering an area of 224.4 km², constituting 5.75% of the total geographical area of the State. Besides, there are also other NP & WLS which are proposed & awaiting settlement proceedings. Details of protected area including its size, location and important flora & fauna are presented in Table 1 below: iv Table 1: Protected Area Network in Manipur Sl. Name of the District Area in Important Flora and Fauna No. National Park/ sq. km found Sanctuary 1. Keibul Lamjao Bishnupur 40.00 Many fauna & flora: Aquatic/ National Park mammal/ Amphibian of Invertebrate& Vertebrate 2. Yangoupokpi Chandel 184.80 -do- Lokchao Wildlife Sanctuary 3. Bunning Wildlife Tamenglong 115.80 Alpine grassland and Forests Sanctuary (Proposed) ecosystem including canes & bamboos, Animals: Tiger, Leopard/Clouded Leopard, Sambar etc. and many other important flora 4. Zeilad Wildlife Tamenglong 21.00 Abode of migratory birds, Many Sanctuary (Proposed) important fauna & flora Aquatic/ mammal/ Amphibian (Invertebrate& Vertebrate) 5. Kailam Wildlife Churachandpur 187.50 Sub-tropical Wet Hill Forests Sanctuary (Proposed) (8B/C2), Home of five varieties of horn bills & i/c Tiger, Leopard/Clouded Leopard, Sambar etc. and many other important flora. 6. Jiri-Makru Wildlife Tamenglong 198.00 Virgin forests of catchments area Sanctuary (Proposed) of Jiri & Makru rivers hosting varieties of flora and fauna. 7. Shiroi Hill National Ukhrul 41.00 Home of unique and endemic Park (Proposed) ground lily 15. The State has predominantly one source i.e. Central Sector allocation (mixture of hydro & thermal) of 142.3MW and 10.5MW of power from MSPCL. The state is endowed with hydro-power potentiality for power generation without much damage to environment. Present (2014-15) peak demand of the state is 262 MW. Own generation is negligible. MSPCL gets about 129 MW from Central sector power allocation out of allocation of 153.5 MW including about 17/18 MW from Pallatana OTPC, Tripura. There remains shortfall of about 133MW. The state is also supposed to get allocated share of 21 MW and 40 MW from Pallatana GBPP (726.6MW), Tripura and Bongaigaon Thermal Power Station (750MW), Assam respectively after completion of the projects and its associated Transmission lines. Efforts are underway not only to bridge the gap but also to ensure that adequate power is made available to enable boosting of State economy. An abstract of subprojects for the tranche-1 under expansion/augmentation of power system network in the State of Manipur is presented in Table 2. v Table 2: Summary of Subprojects in Tranche- I under NERPSIP Sl. Quantity Capacity Addition Estimated Cost Name of the subproject (in Millions) No. (Nos.) (Ckt. Km/MVA) 132 kV Transmission lines (New/ Stringing 1. 7 554 Ckt.km. & Renovation) 1639.74 2 132/33kV substations (New/Augmentation) 6 160 MVA 3. 33 kV Distribution lines 12 222 Ckt.km. (New/Strengthening) 1403.61 4. 33/11kV substations (New/Augmentation) 34 229.4 MVA Stakeholder analysis 16. Stakeholder’s analysis has been undertaken to identify the issues and the concerns of various stakeholders who are supposed to be either directly or indirectly impacted/benefited or assume a position wherein they can have a significant role to influence the project. The Stakeholder’s analysis has been carried out to identify existing relationship and also to understand the roles, responsibilities and relations of these stakeholders in context of shaping the environment and social issues with respect to proposed project. The details of the key stakeholders identified at various levels from national level up to village/panchayat level and their issues & expectations with respect to proposed project. The process of consultation with stakeholders involves formal and informal discussion. A wide range of issues were discussed with various stakeholders that might have environmental / social concern. Some of the key issues are listed below: 17. Environment Issues. • Impact on forest and biodiversity area e.g. national parks, sanctuary, bio-reserves, etc. • Impact due to waste (Used Oil or E-waste), oil spills, sanitation; • Occupational health and safety during implementation (labor camps including HIV/ AIDS issues), operation and maintenance phases of the project; • Soil erosion and slope un-stability; • Leakage of SF6 gas, the potent greenhouse gas; and • Any other adverse environment issues. 18. Social and Institutional Issues. • Securing land for substation; • Temporary damages to land, crops, trees or other vegetation or other than forestland or structures during construction; • Community participation involvement of the during planning, implementation and operation phases of the project/sub-project cycle; • Health and Safety risk including HIV/AIDS; • Tribal/vulnerable groups; • Gender / Women participation; and • Local Participation and Inter agency coordination. vi Impacts – Social 19. This section identifies the potential social impacts of the proposed projects in terms of the nature, magnitude, extent and location, timing and duration of the anticipated impacts. These impacts are both positive or negative relating to the project design stage, construction stage or the project operation and decommissioning stage. i. Positive Impacts • Employment creation; • Improved and reliability of power supply; • Increased economic activity; • Improved road infrastructure; • Gender Issues – more opportunities to women during construction phase as laborers and also for catering, etc. activities around the camp site; • Less reliance of fossil fuels like firewood, charcoal etc.; • Capacity Building. ii. Negative Impacts • Loss of land; • Restriction of land use and land rights; • Health and Safety risk including HIV/AIDS. Impacts - Environment 20. This section identifies the potential environmental impacts of the proposed projects. These impacts are both positive or negative relating to the project design stage, construction stage or the project operation and decommissioning stage. i. Positive Impacts • Less dependence on fossil fuels including firewood, charcoal etc. ii. Negative Impacts • Impacts on Vegetation/forest • Impacts on Wildlife Habitats and Migratory Birds • Impacts on Drainage, Soil erosion Water Resources • Impacts on Traffic and Road Infrastructure • Impacts from Solid/ Liquid Wastes, Oil spillage • Effect of Electric and Magnetic Fields • Air Quality, Noise and Vibration • SF6 Gas leakage to atmosphere • Health & Safety • Impacts on Aviation and Communication The issues identified and impacts likely to occur are to be managed with the regional, national and international legal and regulatory framework. vii Policy, Legal and Regulatory Framework 21. MSPCL undertakes its Transmission/ Distribution system (33 kV and above) activities within the purview of Constitutional provisions, Policy, Legal, and Regulatory Framework for environmental and social issues applicable to power transmission & distribution. In addition, the requirements of multilateral funding agencies are also considered in the management procedures for addressing environmental and social issues. 22. The Constitution of India provides for protection of the environment and its improvement as a fundamental duty and the Directive Principles of State Policy under Article 51 A (g) and Article 48 A respectively. The Apex Court has widened the scope of Article 21 (Right to Life) bringing environmental impacts under its ambit. Similarly, the constitutional provisions in regard to social safeguards are enshrined in the Preamble to the Constitution, such as justice, social, economic and political; liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; equality of status and of opportunity; fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation. Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles guarantee the right to life and liberty. Health, safety and livelihood been interpreted as part of this larger framework. The provisions on social safeguards are contained in Articles 14, 15, 17, 23, 24, 25, 46, 330, 332, etc. 23. Fifth Schedule: In addition to basic fundamental rights, special provisions have been extended to the Tribal Areas of State under the 5th Schedule [Articles 244(1)]. As per Para 4 (1) of the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution, there shall be Tribal Advisory Council (TAC) in each State having Scheduled Areas therein and, if the President should directs, also in any State having Scheduled Tribes but non-Scheduled Areas therein. As per provisions of Fifth Schedule, the members of TAC should be not more than 20 of whom, as nearly as may be, three-fourths shall be the representatives of the STs in the Legislative Assembly in the State. Role of TAC is to advise on such matters pertaining to the welfare and advancement of the Scheduled Tribes in the State as may be referred to them by the Governor. No regulation shall be made unless the Governor making the regulations has, in the case where there is a TAC for the State, consulted such Council. 24. Environment : Mandatory environmental requirements for MSPCL at state level include: sanction of GoMan under section 68(1) of the Electricity Act, 2003; Forest clearance under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980; During the currency of operations, Regulations on Batteries (Management and handling) Rules, 2001 regarding disposal of used batteries, Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008 regarding disposal of used transformer oil, Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 putting restrictions on use of ozone depleting substances come into force and required voluntary enforcement and provisions under Biological Diversity Act, 2002, E-waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011 regarding maintaining records & handling of electronic wastes, and the Scheduled Tribes & Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006. 25. The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 is the key legislation through which the environmental impacts of transmission projects are managed since the current regulation does not require an Environmental Impact Assessment for transmission lines. The legislation requires compensatory afforestation for any forest land diverted for non-forest use in twice the area diverted with afforestation undertaken by the respective state Forest Department. A national fund CAMPA has been created for this purpose. In case projects pass through or are located in designated protected viii areas, clearances from the Wildlife Board are also required. MSPCL has decided to undertake assessment of environmental impacts even for cases where not statutorily mandated in order to confirm compliance with its own policy highlighted in paragraph 5 above. 26. Social: Mandatory Social requirements for MSPCL at State level include provisions of section 67 & 68 (5 & 6) of the Electricity Act, 2003 for the calculation of compensation for any temporary damages. Involuntary land acquisitions, if any done, for securing private lands for construction of sub-stations, fall under the realm of The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 (RFCTLARRA). The provisions of Indian Treasure Trove Act, 1878 as amended in 1949 covers chance finds. The Right to Information Act, 2005 (RTI) ensures citizens to access information under the control of public authorities. 27. The World Bank (WB) Operational Policies OP 4.01, 4.04, 4.11 & 4.36/ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 (SPS 2009) for Environmental and Social Considerations outline funding agencies policy and procedures for Environmental Assessment (EA) of different developmental projects. Depending upon the issues and impacts, the projects are categorized as A, B, and C warranting larger and specialized focus for A and the least for C. This project, as per the WB guidelines, is categorized as A. Likewise, OP 4.10 and 4.12 outlines policy guidelines for managing issues related to tribal people and involuntary resettlement. 28. RFCTLARRA, 2013 has replaced the old Land Acquisition Act, 1894 and has come into force from 1st January 2014. The new act i.e. RFCTLARRA, 2013 authorizes State Govt. (i.e. GoMan) or its authorized Government agency to complete the whole process of acquisition of private land including Social Impact Assessment (SIA), Action Plan for R&R (i.e. Rehabilitation and Resettlement) & its implementation and the MSPCL’s responsibility is limited to identification and selection of suitable land based on technical requirement and ensuring budget allocation. 28.1 Safeguards against land acquisition: Conducting Social Impact Assessments (SIA) has been made mandatory under this new act and results of these assessments are shared with all the stakeholders and public hearing held which makes the process transparent and informed. Subsequently, an entitlement package that includes both compensation (for land/structure and assets to land and structure) and R&R as necessary is prepared. Further to this, individual awards are passed and all documents are disclosed in the public domain through local administration and internet. The flow chart of the land acquisition process with schedule prescribed for various activities is illustrated in Figure 1 below. The entitlements with regard to compensation and assistances towards land acquisition or loss of any assets or livelihood for all categories of people being affected due to land acquisition is briefly outlined in Table 3 & 4 below: Table 3: Minimum Compensation for Land Acquisition A. Comprehensive Compensation Package (First Schedule) Eligibility for Entitlement Provisions The affected families Determination of Compensation :  Land Owners: 1. Market value of the land 1. Family or company • as specified in the Indian Stamp Act, 1899 whose land/other or ix A. Comprehensive Compensation Package (First Schedule) Eligibility for Entitlement Provisions immovable properties • the average of the sale price for similar type of land situated in have been acquired; the village or vicinity, or 2.Those who are assigned • consented amount of compensation as agreed in case of land by the Governments acquisition of lands for private companies or for public private under various schemes; partnership project. whichever is higher 3.Right holders under the Market value x Multiplier* between 1 to 2 in rural areas only Forest Rights Act, 2006 (No multiplier in urban areas). 2. Value of the assets attached to land: Building/Trees/Wells/Crop etc. as valued by relevant govt. authority; Total compensation = 1+2 3. Solatium: 100% of total compensation (*) Precise scale shall be determined by the State Govt. The indicative values of multiplier factor based on distance from urban areas as provided in the act. Radial Distance from Urban area (Km) Multiplier Factor 0-10 1.00 10-20 1.20 20-30 1.40 30-40 1.80 40-50 2.00 Table 4: Minimum R&R Entitlement Framework A Comprehensive R&R Package (Second Schedule) Sl. Elements of R& R Provision No. Entitlements Subsistence grant/ allowance 1. Rs. 3000 per month per family for 12 months for displaced families (a) Where jobs are created through the project, mandatory employment for one member per affected family or (b) Rupees 5 lakhs per family; or The affected families shall be 2. (c) Rupees 2000 per month per family as annuity for 20 entitled to: years, with appropriate index for inflation; The option of availing (a) or (b) or (c) shall be that of the affected family i) A constructed house shall be provided as per the Indira Awas Yojana specifications. Housing units for ii) A constructed house shall be provided, which will be displacement: not less than 50 sq. mts. in plinth area. i) If a house is lost in rural In either case the equivalent cost of the house may also 3. areas: be provided in lieu of the house as per the preference of ii) If a house is lost in urban the project affected family. areas The stamp duty and other fees payable for registration of the house allotted to the affected families shall be borne by the Requiring Body. Transportation cost for 4. Rs 50,000/- per affected family displaced families Resettlement Allowance (for 5. Onetime Rs 50,000/- per affected family displaced families) 6. Cattle shed/ petty shop cost Onetime financial assistance as appropriate for construction x A Comprehensive R&R Package (Second Schedule) Sl. Elements of R& R Provision No. Entitlements as decided by St. Govt. subject to minimum of Rs.25,000/- Artisan/small traders/others Onetime financial assistance as appropriate as decided by 7. (in case of displacement) St. Govt. subject to minimum of Rs.25,000/- Special Provisions for SCs/STs: In addition to the R&R package, SC/ST families will be entitled to the following additional benefits: 1. One time financial assistance of Rs. 50,000 per family; 2. Families settled outside the district shall be entitled to an additional 25% R&R benefits; 3. Payment of one third of the compensation amount at very outset; 4. Preference in relocation and resettlement in area in same compact block; 5. Free land for community and social gatherings; 6. In case of displacement, a Development Plan is to be prepared 7. Continuation of reservation and other Schedule V and Schedule VI area benefits from displaced area to resettlement area. FIGURE 1: ACTIVITY CHART RFCTLARRA, 2013 xi Project Cycle – Integrating Environment and Social Issues/ Concerns and Mitigatory Measures 29. Stakeholder analysis and impact assessments had enabled identifying issues. The same are now placed in the project cycle so as to draw management measures for addressing the same. Key milestones in MSPCL’s transmission/Distribution (33 kV and above) projects are; i) Project Conceptualization ii) Project Planning iii) Approval iv) Detailed Design and Tendering v) Project Implementation vi) Operation & Maintenance vii) Review and Monitoring and Evaluation. Environmental and Social Concerns 30. Environmental Concerns. • Clearing/lopping of Trees within Right of Way (RoW); • Clearing of Ground Vegetation for Movement of Machinery; • Disposal of Used Transformer Oil; • Disposal of Used Battery; • Disposal of E-waste; and • Leakage/use of SF 6 gas. 31. Social Concerns • Loss to Standing Crop; • Change in Land Prices; • Temporary Loss of Access to Common Property Resources; • Restriction on Land Use; • Loss of livelihood due to acquisition of private agricultural land; • Loss of common property resources due to acquisition of revenue land; and • Loss of homestead, if any. 32. Management measures to address the issues and concerns in respect of social and environment are presented in Tables 5 and 6 respectively. Table 5: Social Management Measures No Potential Issues Management Measures For Trenche-1, it is not a major issue as land for construction of proposed transmission and distribution substations are already available with MSPCL except for Thoubal where fresh land is 1 Loss of land needed (for details refer Table-5.3). MSPCL shall secure the required land either through direct purchase on willing buyer & willing seller basis on negotiated rate or by invoking provisions of RFCTLARRA, 2013. However, efforts will be made to secure such land wherein possibility of physical xii No Potential Issues Management Measures relocation/displacement is not envisaged. As per existing law, land for tower/pole and right of way is not Change in land use and acquired and agricultural activities are allowed to continue after 2 population relocation due to construction activity and MSPCL pays compensation for all towers/ poles damages including cost of land below tower to its owner without acquiring it. Hence change in land use and resultant relocation of people is not envisaged in T&D projects. Due to inherent flexibility in locating substation and very small size of land, MSPCL avoids habituated area completely hence no relocation of population on account of setting up of substation is envisaged. However, securing lands may be an issue for subsequent investments under future tranches as well as those supported with other sources of finance. Keeping in this in view, and in case, lands may have to be secured, the same it can be accomplished through following three methods; (i) Purchase of land on willing buyer & Willing Seller basis on negotiated rate; (ii) Voluntary Donation; and (iii) Involuntary Acquisition. In case of procurement of land through private purchase, MSPCL shall ensure that compensation/rate for land is not less than the rate provided in the new land acquisition act, 2013. In order to Change in land use and comply with this provision MSPCL may organize an awareness 3 population relocation for camp where provisions of new act in respect of basis/modalities substations of compensation calculation shall be explained to land owners with specific State provision if any. In the case of voluntary donation of land, the following shall be ensured: • The land user(s) will not be subjected to undue pressure for parting of land; • All out efforts shall be made to avoid any physical relocation/displacement due to loss of land; • The MSPCL shall facilitate in extending ‘gratitude’ to the land donor(s) in lieu of the ‘contribution’ if so agreed. The same shall be documented and monitored for compliance. • All land donations (as well as purchases) will be subject to a review/ approval from a committee comprising representatives of different sections including those from the IA and GoMan. Involuntary Land Acquisitions will be made deploying the GOI’s new RFCTLARR Act, 2013. xiii No Potential Issues Management Measures Land for tower and right of way is not acquired as agricultural activities can continue. However, the project shall pay full compensation to all the affected persons/ community for any damages sustained during the execution of work. Accordingly, 4 Right of Way MSPCL has formulated appropriate management plan in the form of Compensation Plan for Temporary Damage (CPTD) to minimize the damages and provide compensation plan for temporary damages in consultation with the state government and affected persons and/ or community. The population of Manipur as per census 2011 was 2721756. The Scheduled Tribes (STs) population consists nearly 35% of the total population in the State. The project is being implemented in the tribal areas (Fifth Schedule provision of the Indian Constitution) of Manipur and bulk of the beneficiaries are expected to be tribal. Thus, the need for a separate Tribal Peoples’ Development Framework/ Plan (TPDP) as per O.P.4.10 5 Impact on Tribal is not required under this project. Irrespective of this, Fifth Schedule provision stipulates that all projects do need to secure prior consent of Hill /Village Councils. Hence, consultations will be carried out in these areas to obtain consent as necessary before initiating project activity in the area. Further Tribal Development Framework as well as Tribal Development Plan is enshrined in RFCTLARRA, 2013 which makes consultations in tribal areas mandatory and provides for enhanced entitlements for the tribal people. Women involvement will be planned through formal and 6 Gender/ women participation informal group consultations so that their participation is ensured during preparation and implementation of the project. Induced secondary MSPCL operations are short-lived and do not induce secondary 7 development during developments during construction. construction During construction the health and safety aspects of workers and Health and safety of nearby community shall be implemented through contractors with 8 due diligence and compliance of required regulation/guideline worker/employee/community through a safety plan MSPCL uses best available technology for lines and do not cause any hazards to health and safety. Possibilities of such phenomenon in T&D project are quite “Chance finds” or discovery remote due to limited and shallow excavations. However, in case of any archaeological 9 of such findings, MSPCL will follow the laid down procedure in artifacts, treasure etc. during the Section-4 of Indian Treasure Trove Act, 1878 as amended excavation in1949. xiv Table 6: Environment Management Measures No Potential Issues Management Measures Minimizing adverse impact MSPCL endeavors to circumvent / lessen environmentally on natural forests sensitive areas such as forest and other ecologically fragile/ sensitive areas through optimization of route including use of modern tools like GIS/GPS and other modern techniques. Clearing/Lopping of trees Use of extended/special tower to reduce RoW and impact on trees.  Vegetation damage To minimise damage to vegetation and habitat fragmentation,  Habited Loss MSPCL utilizes hand clearing and transportation of tower material by head loads into forestland and other land as well, wherever possible. A  Habitat fragmentation MSPCL maintains only a 3m wide strip for O&M and allows for regeneration of vegetation in the other one or two strips and  Edge effect on flora & beneath the transmission lines to avoid habitat fragmentation fauna and edge effect. In hilly area this can possibly be totally avoided. There is no elephant corridor as such in Manipur. The Anko Range in Manipur has about 50 elephants, which is contiguous Chances of accident with those of the Somra tract of Myanmar. However, if some involving elephant in the movements are repeatedly noticed (in stray cases), MSPCL specified corridor due to shall try suitable design modification in the pole of 33kV placing of poles line like provision of spike guards, barbed wire fencing or any other arrangement and shall incorporate the same in such location, if required. Chemical contamination MSPCL does not use chemicals for forest clearance/ RoW from chemical maintenance maintenance. B techniques Poly-Chloro-Biphenyls MSPCL use mineral oil in electrical equipment’s. Specification (PCBs) in electrical of oil containing PCB less 2 mg/kg (non –detectable level) equipment. stated in the tender document. MSPCL does not acquire land for its transmission towers. It Change in land use and pays compensation for any crop loss and damage caused during population relocation due to its activities. MSPCL allows regeneration and cultivation towers/poles beneath the towers for Transmission Line (TL) around poles/ structures and lines. Induced secondary MSPCL operations are short-lived and do not induce secondary C development during developments during construction. construction Erosion of soil and drainage MSPCL would ensure that all cut and fill slopes in TL/ DL are along the cut and fill slopes adequately protected using standard engineering practices in hilly areas including bio-engineering techniques wherever feasible. All drainage channels along or inside substations shall be trained and connected to main or existing drainage to avoid any erosion due to uncontrolled flow of water. xv No Potential Issues Management Measures Avian hazards mostly encountered in bird sanctuaries area and fly path of migratory bird predominantly related to nesting site. Avian hazards from Although the incidence of avian hazards is rare due to the transmission/distribution distance between the conductors. MSPCL shall take all possible lines and towers precaution to avoid these areas by careful route selection. However, bird guards are provided to prevent any avian hazards. Air craft hazards from MSPCL as per the requirement of IS 5613 of July’94 provides transmission lines and towers aviation markers, night-lights for easy identification of towers in notified/selected areas. During construction the health and safety aspects of workers and nearby community shall be implemented through Health and safety of contractors with due diligence and compliance of required worker/employee/community regulation/guideline through a safety. MSPCL uses best available technology for lines and do not cause any hazards to health and safety. D Fire hazards are mostly occurred in forest area. However, MSPCL uses state of art automatic tripping mechanism for its transmission/distribution and substations that disconnect the line in fraction of seconds to prevent fire hazards. The Forest Fire Hazards Department also take precaution like maintaining fire line in the cleared forest area to avoid spread of fire. Firefighting instruments including fire extinguishers are kept in appropriate place for immediate action in case of any fire hazard. Pollution Although pollution is not an issue with transmission/ distribution projects still MSPCL will make efforts to further minimize it. Sites are cleared of all the leftover materials and debris to avoid any chance of pollution. Although leakage of SF6 is not a major issue, MSPCL will make efforts to reduce the leakage through regular monitoring GHG (SF 6 Gas) installing gas pressure monitor/ leak detectors in Circuit Breakers. 33. Other potential environmental and social issues/ concerns and their management measures are described in an EMP, a sample of which is in the Annex to the summary. It will be implemented during the execution of the project. Since many provisions of the EMP are to be implemented by the Contractor, to ensure its proper implementation and monitoring, the EMP forms a part of the contract document. MSPCL’s Environment and Social Management Procedures (ESPP) 34. MSPCL has developed comprehensive Environment and Social (E&S) management procedures and incorporated them to its project cycle, to ensure that its operation eliminates or minimizes adverse environmental and social impacts. The E&S management procedures identify the relevant issues at early stage of project cycle and follow the basic philosophy of sustainable development along with Principles of Avoidance, Minimization and Mitigation. These three guiding principles are employed in a project right from very beginning i.e. at the time of Project conceptualization & Planning Stage by studying different alternatives line routes for selection of most optimum route to avoid involvement of forests/ biodiversity/Eco-sensitive zone including animal/bird path, protected areas, human habitations etc. to the extent possible. If necessary/required, tall towers are also provided to avoid/minimize the impact. In case xvi it becomes unavoidable due to terrain and line route passes through protected areas additional studies would be conducted by independent agencies to ascertain the impacts and to plan management measures to minimize/mitigate such impacts. A Terms of Reference (ToR), for such assessment, which can be customized for a particular situation/ location/ concern has been prepared and is placed at Annexure-19 of the main report. 35. Likewise for substation land, MSPCL identifies number of potential substation sites based on data collected as per the checklist (Annexure-15 of the main report) and a comprehensive analysis for each alternative site is carried out. The analysis considers various site specific parameters that includes infrastructure facilities such as access roads, railheads, type of land viz. Govt., revenue, private land, agricultural land; social impacts such as number of families getting affected; and cost of compensation and rehabilitation giving due weightage to each. Environmental & Social Management process dovetailed in project cycle for appropriate and timely action is outlined in Figure 2. xvii Figure – 2: Environment and Social Management Procedures Project Identification. E&S Conceptualization Screening & Identification E&S issue Feasibility Study including Environmental & Scoping Project Social Screening and Scoping Report as part of Concept  Appraisal of Concept Paper by MSPCL Mgmt. Paper  In-Principle approval by State Government E & S Screening &  Assessment of E & S issues for TL/DL Project Planning E&S Assessment Scoping for during Detailed Survey substation & Social  Preparation of Forest Proposal (if required), Assessment of T/L  Substation Land Identification / Selection  Preparation of IEAR & CPTD Public Consultation as part of IEAR Approval  CMD  MoEF for Forest Project Funding Agency  BOD Clearance (If Applicable) E&S Management  GoMan  GoMan for Land Social Impact Management  Engagement of Agency for EAMP & Detailed Design Plan (SIMP) including & Tendering CPTD Implementation(if needed) SIA, RAP, Public Hearing  EMP part of Contract/Bidding & Disclosure by GoMan as document. Per RFCTLARRA, 2013  Implementation of IEAR/CPTD for TL/DL Implementation Implementation − RoW Clearance E&S Plan Implementation of SIMP by − Compensatory Afforestation Project GoM as per − Crop/Tree Compensation RFCTLARRA, − Public Consultation 2013  Possession of land for Substation  Preparation of FEAR (if required) Supervision & Periodic Performance Review Review by Maintenance Operation &  MSPCL GoMan  Domestic/External Funding Agency Annual Review xviii Environmental and Social Risk assessment 36. Environmental and Social Risk Assessment is a vital part of MSPCL’s environmental and social management strategies. The risk assessment process identifies existing risks, and forecast future potential risks in its power transmission/distribution projects. It is a scientific process that includes cost benefit analysis. The environment and social management procedures developed by MSPCL evaluate these risks, both qualitatively and quantitatively, and prioritize them. Based on prioritization, environment and social management options are selected. MSPCL’s Risk Management process involves risk preparedness, risk mitigation and the sharing of liabilities (via internal arrangements and insurance). Responsibilities in the event of occurrence of a risk have been illustrated in Table 7. Table 7: MSPCL’s Risk Responsibility Framework Government of Risk MSPCL Contractor Insurers Manipur (GoMan) Non-compliance Regulatory    - Non-compliance Contractual - -  - Major hazards, e.g. tower fall    during construction - During O&M -  - - Impacts on health etc. -  - - Force Majeure: Insurable - - -  Force Majeure: Non-Insurable   - - Inclusion/ Exclusion of   - - concerned Communities/ NGOs Public Interest Litigation   - - Implementation Arrangements 37. MSPCL realizes that ESPP implementation requires a robust and efficient institutional framework. To ensure quality and enabling organizational support structure for effective implementation of the ESPP, MSPCL shall set out procedures and work culture which will promote total involvement of all its personnel. To attain assigned goal following shall be ensured:  A coordinated system of functioning to be adopted by Corporate Planning who is the spokesperson of CMD/Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of MSPCL .  An emphasis on intra-departmental approach, demarcation of departmental responsibilities and the delegation of authority which will upshot quick response and amendment to change.  A commitment to provide at all times the best possible time bound quality service in all areas of its operations. 38. MSPCL’s commitment to the ESPP shall have to be developed with these principles. To ensure effective implementation of its ESPP, MSPCL will focus on:  Strengthening the implementation of the ESPP by deploying specialist or redeployment of appropriately trained personnel at key levels; xix  Placing dedicated manpower with specialization in the respective field to deal and manage the environment and social issues;  Reinforcing in-house capabilities by working with specialized external agencies;  Frequent/ regular review by higher management;  Annual review of the ESPP implementation and problem faced to start with internally or through external agencies as necessary.  A robust objective oriented M&E system tracking performance of key indicators. Corporate office will have overall responsibility for construction, operation, and maintenance of transmission/ distribution systems apart from providing necessary support services. 39. For the NERPSIP, the implementing agency (IA) is POWERGRID with its mandate for design and implementation supervision for the project. In consultations with the states, it has put up a tiered structure as follows: • Central Project Implementation Unit (CPIU) - A body responsible for coordinating the preparation and implementation of the project and shall be housed within the IA’s offices at Guwahati. The “Project-In-Charge” of IA & Head of each of the SPCU shall be a member of CPIU. • State Project Coordination Unit (SPCU) – A body formed by the Utility and responsible for coordinating with IA in preparing and implementing the project at the State level. It consist of experts across different areas from the Utility and shall be headed by an officer of the rank not below Chief Engineer, from MSPCL. • Project Implementation Unit (PIU) – A body formed by the IA, including members of MSPCL on deputation, and responsible for implementing the Project across the State, with its personnel being distributed over work site & working in close association with the SPCU/ CPIU. PIU report to State level “Project Manager” nominated by the Project-in-Charge of IA. The IA will have a Core team stationed at the CPIU on permanent basis and other PMC officers (with required skills) will visit as and when required by this core team. Grievance Redressal Mechanism (GRM) 40. GRM has been made an integral part during planning, survey, implementation, operation and maintenance stage of the project. MSPCL shall constitute a Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC) headed by GM (Projects), P & MM to address the grievances that may arise during the planning, implementation and operation phases of the project. The GRC includes members from the utility and others comprising of Local Administration, Village Panchayat Members, Affected Families representative and reputed persons from the society. 41. In case of transmission/ distribution line, GRM is built in the tree & crop compensation process where affected persons are given a chance to place their grievances after issuance of notice by revenue officials on the basis of assessment of actual damages. For substation, GRM is an integral part under the RFCTLARRA, 2013. Public hearings shall be held in the affected areas to bring out the main findings of the SIA, to seek feedback on the findings and to seek additional information and views for incorporating the same in the final documents. Detailed procedure of the same has been given under RFCTLARRA, 2013. MSPCL will interact closely with the State authorities and district administration during implementation of SIMP. xx Annex – Environmental Management Plan Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule Pre-construction 1 Location of Exposure to Setback of dwellings to overhead Tower location and Setback distances Implementing Part of overhead lines overhead line safety related line route designed in accordance overhead/ to nearest houses Agency (IA) tower/poles/ laying of towers/ poles/ risks with permitted level of power underground – once underground cable underground frequency and the regulation of alignment selection sitting survey and distribution lines supervision at sites. with respect to detailed alignment and alignment & nearest dwellings survey and design design 2 Equipment Release of PCBs not used in substation Transformer design Exclusion of IA Part of tender specifications and chemicals and transformers or other project PCBs in specifications for the design parameters gases in facilities or equipment. transformers equipment receptors (air, stated in tender water, land) Processes, equipment and systems Process, equipment Exclusion of IA Part of tender not to use chlorofluorocarbons and system design CFCs stated in specifications for the (CFCs), including halon, and their tender equipment use, if any, in existing processes specification – and systems should be phased out once and to be disposed of in a manner Phase out Part of equipment and consistent with the requirements of schedule to be process design the Government prepared in case still in use – once 3 Transmission/ Exposure to Line design to comply with the Electromagnetic Line design IA Part of design Distribution line electromagnetic limits of electromagnetic field strength for compliance with parameters design interference interference from overhead power proposed line relevant standards lines design – once 4 Substation Exposure to Design of plant enclosures to Expected noise Compliance with IA Part of detailed siting location and noise comply with noise regulations. emissions based on regulations - once survey and design design substation design xxi Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule Social Careful selection of site to avoid Selection of Consultation with Part of detailed siting inequities encroachment of socially, culturally substation location local authorities/ survey and design and archaeological sensitive areas (distance to autonomous (i.g. sacred groves, graveyard, sensitive area). councils -once religious worship place, monuments etc.) 5 Location of Impact on Avoidance of such water bodies to Tower/pole location Consultation with IA Part of tower/pole overhead line water bodies the extent possible. and overhead/ local authorities– sitting survey and towers/poles/ underground line once detailed underground laying of Avoidance of placement of tower alignment selection /overhead line underground inside water bodies to the extent of (distance to water alignment survey and distribution line & possible bodies) design alignment and Social Careful route selection to avoid Tower/pole location Consultation with IA Part of detailed design inequities existing settlements and sensitive and overhead/ local authorities/ tower/pole sitting and locations underground line autonomous overhead/underground alignment selection councils and land alignment survey and (distance to nearest owners – once design dwellings or social institutions) Minimise impact on agricultural Tower location and Consultation with land overhead/ local authorities/ underground line autonomous alignment selection councils and land (distance to owners – once agricultural land) Careful selection of site and route Tower/pole Consultation with alignment to avoid encroachment of location and local authorities/ socially, culturally and overhead/ autonomous archaeological sensitive areas (i. g. underground line councils -once sacred groves, graveyard, religious alignment selection worship place, monuments etc.) (distance to sensitive area) xxii Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule 6 Involuntary Social Compensation and R&R measures Compensation and As per provisions State Govt. Prior to award/start of resettlement or inequities as per provision of RFCTLARRA, monetary R&R of Act. substation permanent land 2013 measures construction. acquisition for implementation substation. before possession. 7 Encroachment Loss of Avoid encroachment into such Tower/pole location Consultation with IA Part of detailed siting into protected precious areas by careful site and alignment and overhead/ local forest and alignment survey area/ precious ecological selection (National Parks, Wildlife underground line authorities - once /design ecological area values/ damage Sanctuary, Biosphere Reserves/ alignment selection to precious Biodiversity Hotspots) (distance to nearest species designated ecological protected/ sensitive areas) Minimize the need by using RoW Tower/pole location Consultation with IA Part of detailed sitting wherever possible and overhead/ local authorities and alignment survey underground line and design /design alignment selection engineers - once 8 Line through Damage to the Study of earmarked elephant Tower/pole location Consultation IA Part of detailed sitting identified Wildlife/ Birds corridors to avoid such corridors, and overhead/ with local forest and alignment survey Elephant corridor and also to line Adequate ground clearance, Fault underground line authorities – /design and Operation / Migratory bird clearing by Circuit Breaker, Barbed alignment selection. once. wire wrapping on towers, reduced spans etc., if applicable Minimum/maximum Monitoring – ground clearance quarterly basis Avoidance of established/ identified Tower/pole location Consultation with IA Part of detailed sitting migration path (Birds & Bats). and overhead/ local forest and alignment survey Provision of flight diverter/ underground line authorities - once /design and Operation reflectors, bird guard, elevated alignment selection perches, insulating jumper loops, obstructive perch deterrents, raptor hoods etc., if applicable xxiii Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule 9 Line through Deforestation Avoid encroachment by careful site Tower/pole location Consultation with IA Part of detailed sitting forestland and loss of and alignment selection and overhead/ local authorities – and alignment biodiversity Minimise the need by using underground line once survey/design edge effect existing towers, tall towers and alignment selection Consultation with RoW, wherever possible (distance to nearest local authorities protected or and design reserved forest) engineers – once Measures to avoid invasion of alien Intrusion of invasive Consultation with species species local forest authorities - once Obtain statutory clearances from Statutory approvals Compliance with the Government from Government regulations – once for each subproject Consultation with autonomous Permission/ NOC Consultation with councils wherever required from autonomous autonomous councils councils – once during tower placement 10 Lines through Loss of Use existing tower or footings Tower/pole location Consultation with IA Part of detailed farmland agricultural wherever possible and overhead/ local authorities alignment survey and production/ underground line and design design change in alignment selection engineers – once cropping Avoid sitting new towers on Tower/pole location Consultation with Part of detailed sitting pattern farmland wherever feasible and overhead/ local authorities and alignment survey underground line and design /design alignment selection engineers – once 11 Noise related Nuisance to Substations sited and designed to Noise levels Noise levels to be IA Part of detailed neighbouring ensure noise will not be a nuisance specified in equipment design properties tender documents – once xxiv Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule 12 Interference with Flooding Appropriate sitting of towers to Tower/pole location Consultation with IA Part of detailed drainage patterns/ hazards/ loss of avoid channel interference and overhead/ local authorities alignment survey and irrigation agricultural underground line and design design channels production alignment selection engineers – once (distance to nearest flood zone) 13 Escape of Environmental Transformers designed with oil Equipment Tender document IA Part of detailed polluting pollution spill containment systems, and specifications with to mention equipment design materials purpose-built oil, lubricant and fuel respect to potential specifications – /drawings storage system, complete with spill pollutants once cleanup equipment. Substations to include drainage and Substation sewage Tender document IA Part of detailed sewage disposal systems to avoid design to mention substation layout and offsite land and water pollution. detailed design /drawings specifications – once Equipments Contamination Substations constructed above the Substation design to Base height as IA Part of detailed submerged under of receptors high flood level(HFL) by raising account for HFL per flood design- substation layout and flood the foundation pad (elevation with once design /drawings respect to HFL elevation) 14 Explosions Hazards to life Design of substations to include Substation design Tender document IA Part of detailed /Fire modern fire fighting equipment compliance with fire to mention substation layout and prevention and detailed design /drawings Provision of fire fighting equipment control codes specifications – to be located close to transformers once Construction 15 Equipment layout Noise and Construction techniques and Construction Construction IA Construction period and installation vibrations machinery selection seeking to techniques and techniques and (Contractor minimize ground disturbance. machinery machinery through creating minimal contract xxv Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule ground provisions) disturbance- once at the start of each construction phase 16 Physical Disturbed Construction activities on cropping Timing of start of Crop disturbance IA Construction period construction farming activity land timed to avoid disturbance of construction –Post harvest as (Contractor field crops (within one month of soon as possible through harvest wherever possible). but before next contract crop – once per provisions) site 17 Mechanized Noise, vibration Construction equipment to be well Construction Complaints IA Construction period construction and operator maintained. equipment – received by local (Contractor safety, efficient estimated noise authorities – through operation emissions every 2 weeks contract provisions) Noise, Turning off plant not in use. Construction Complaints IA Construction period vibration, equipment – received by local (Contractor equipment wear estimated noise authorities – through and tear emissions and every 2 weeks contract operating schedules provisions) 18 Construction of Increase in Existing roads and tracks used for Access roads, routes Use of IA Construction period roads for airborne dust construction and maintenance (length and width of established roads (Contractor accessibility particles access to the line wherever new access roads to wherever possible through possible. be constructed) – every 2 weeks contract Increased land New access ways restricted to a Access width Access restricted ii ) IA Construction period requirement for single carriageway width within the (meters) to single carriage (Contractor temporary RoW. –way width through accessibility within RoW – contract every 2 weeks provisions) xxvi Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule 19 Construction Safety of local Coordination with local Periodic and regular No. of incidents- IA Construction period activities villagers communities for construction reporting once every week (Contractor schedules, Barricading the /supervision of through construction area and spreading safety arrangement contract awareness among locals provisions) Local traffic Coordination with local authority/ Traffic flow Frequency (time IA Construction period obstruction requisite permission for smooth (Interruption of span)- on daily (Contractor flow of traffic traffic) basis through contract provisions) 20 Temporary Overflows, Measure in place to avoid dumping Temporary fill Absence of fill in IA Construction period blockage of reduced of fill materials in sensitive placement (m3) sensitive drainage (Contractor utilities discharge drainage area areas – every 4 through weeks contract provisions) 21 Site clearance Vegetation Marking of vegetation to be Vegetation marking Clearance strictly IA Construction period removed prior to clearance, and and clearance limited to target (Contractor strict control on clearing activities control (area in m2) vegetation – through to ensure minimal clearance. every 2 weeks contract No use of herbicides and pesticides provisions) 22 Trimming Fire hazards Trees allowed growing up to a Species-specific tree Presence of target IA Construction period /cutting of trees height within the RoW by retention as approved species in RoW (Contractor within RoW maintaining adequate clearance by statutory following through between the top of tree and the authorities (average vegetation contract conductor as per the regulations. and max. tree height clearance – once provisions) at maturity,in meters) per site Loss of Trees that can survive pruning to Species-specific tree Presence of target IA Construction period vegetation and comply should be pruned instead of retention as species in RoW (Contractor deforestation cleared. approved by following through statutory authorities vegetation contract clearance - once provisions) it xxvii Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule Felled trees and other cleared or Disposal of cleared Use or intended IA Construction period pruned vegetation to be disposed of vegetation as use of vegetation (Contractor as authorized by the statutory approved by the as approved by through bodies. statutory authorities the statutory contract (area cleared in m2) authorities – once provisions) per site 23 Wood/ Loss of Construction workers prohibited Illegal wood Complaints by IA Construction period vegetation vegetation and from harvesting wood in the project /vegetation local people or (Contractor harvesting deforestation area during their employment, harvesting (area in other evidence of through (apart from locally employed staff m2, number of illegal harvesting contract continuing current legal activities) incidents reported) – every 2 weeks provisions) 24 Surplus Runoff to cause Soil excavated from tower footings/ Soil disposal Acceptable soil IA Construction period earthwork/soil water pollution, substation foundation disposed of locations and disposal sites – (Contractor solid waste by placement along roadsides, or at volume (m3) every 2 weeks through disposal nearby house blocks if requested by contract landowners provisions) 25 Substation Loss of soil Loss of soil is not a major issue as Borrow area sitting Acceptable soil IA Construction period construction excavated soil will be mostly (area of site in m2 borrow areas that (Contractor reused for filling. However, in case and estimated provide a benefit through of requirement of excess soil the volume in m3) - every 2 weeks contract same will be met from existing provisions) quarry or through deep excavation of existing pond or other nearby barren land with agreement of local communities Water pollution Construction activities involving Seasonal start and Timing of major IA Construction period significant ground disturbance (i.e. finish of major disturbance (Contractor substation land forming) not earthworks(PH , activities –prior through undertaken during the monsoon BOD/ COD, to start of contract season Suspended solids, construction provisions) others ) activities xxviii Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule 26 Site clearance Vegetation Tree clearances for easement Ground disturbance Amount of ground IA Construction period establishment to only involve during vegetation disturbance – (Contractor cutting trees off at ground level or clearance (area, m2) every 2 weeks through pruning as appropriate, with tree Statutory approvals Statutory contract stumps and roots left in place and approvals for tree provisions) ground cover left undisturbed clearances – once for each site 27 Substation Waste disposal Excess fill from substation/tower Location and Appropriate fill IA Construction period foundation/Tower foundation excavation disposed of amount (m3)of fill disposal locations (Contractor erection disposal next to roads or around houses, in disposal – every 2 weeks through of surplus agreement with the local contract earthwork/fill community or landowner. provisions) 28 Storage of Contamination Fuel and other hazardous materials Location of Fuel storage in IA Construction period chemicals and of receptors securely stored above high flood hazardous material appropriate (Contractor materials (land, water, level. storage; spill reports locations and through air) (type of material receptacles – contract spilled, amount (kg every 2 weeks provisions) or m3) and action taken to control and clean up spill) 29 Construction Noise nuisance Construction activities only Timing of Daytime IA Construction period schedules to neighbouring undertaken during the day and local construction (noise construction only (Contractor properties communities informed of the emissions, [dB(A)] – every 2 weeks through construction schedule. contract provisions) 30 Provision of Contamination Construction workforce facilities to Amenities for Presence of IA Construction period facilities for of receptors include proper sanitation, water Workforce facilities proper sanitation, (Contractor construction (land, water, supply and waste disposal facilities. water supply and through workers air) waste disposal contract facilities – once provisions) each new facility xxix Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule 31 Influx of Conflict with Using local workers for appropriate Avoidance/reduction Observation & IA Construction period migratory workers local population asks of conflict through supervision–on (Contractor to share local enhancement/ weekly basis through resources augmentation of contract resource provisions) requirements 32 Lines through Loss of Use existing access roads wherever Usage of existing Complaints IA Construction period farmland agricultural possible utilities received by local (Contractor productivity Ensure existing irrigation facilities Status of existing people through are maintained in working facilities /authorities - contract condition every 4 weeks provisions) Protect /preserve topsoil and Status of facilities reinstate after construction (earthwork in m3) completed Repair /reinstate damaged bunds Status of facilities etc after construction completed (earthwork in m3) Social Land owners/ farmers compensated Process of Crop/tree Consultation with IA During construction inequities for any temporary loss of compensation in affected land productive land as per existing consultation with owner prior to regulation. forest dept.(for implementation timber yielding tree) and during and Horticulture execution. deptt.(for fruit bearing tree) 33 Uncontrolled Soil loss, Need for access tracks minimised, Design basis and Incorporating IA Construction period erosion/silt runoff downstream use of existing roads. construction good design and (Contractor siltation Limit site clearing to work areas procedures construction through (suspended solids in management contract xxx Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule Regeneration of vegetation to receiving waters; practices – once provisions) stabilise works areas on completion area re-vegetated in for each site (where applicable) m2; amount of Avoidance of excavation in wet bunds constructed season [length in meter, Water courses protected from area in m2, or siltation through use of bunds and volume in m3]) sediment ponds 34 Nuisance to Losses to Contract clauses specifying careful Contract clauses Incorporating IA Construction period nearby properties neighbouring construction practices. good construction (Contractor land uses/ As much as possible existing access Design basis and Incorporating through values ways will be used layout good design contract Productive land will be reinstated Reinstatement of Consultation with provisions) following completion of land status (area affected parties – construction affected, m2) twice – Social Compensation will be paid for loss Implementation of Consultation with IA Prior to construction inequities of production, if any. Tree/Crop affected parties – compensation once in a quarter (amount paid) 35 Flooding hazards Flooding and Avoid natural drainage pattern/ Contract clauses Incorporating IA Construction period due to loss of soils, facilities being disturbed/blocked/ (e.g. suspended good construction (Contractor construction contamination diverted by ongoing construction solids and management through impediments of of receptors activities BOD/COD in practices-once for contract natural drainage (land, water) receiving water) each site provisions) 36 Equipment Contamination Equipment stored at secure place Store room level to Store room level IA Construction period submerged under of receptors above the high flood level(HFL) be above HFL as per flood flood (land, water) (elevation difference design-once in meters) 37 Inadequate siting Loss of land Existing borrow sites will be used Contract clauses Incorporating IA Construction period of borrow areas values to source aggregates, therefore, no good construction (Contractor xxxi Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule (quarry areas) need to develop new sources of management through aggregates practices – once contract for each site provisions) 38 Health and safety Injury and Safety equipment’s (PPEs) for Contract clauses Contract clauses IA Construction period sickness of construction workers (number of compliance – (Contractor workers and Contract provisions specifying incidents and total once every through members of the minimum requirements for lost-work days quarter contract public construction camps caused by injuries provisions) Contractor to prepare and and sickness) implement a health and safety plan. Contractor to arrange for health and safety training sessions 39 Inadequate Likely to Training of environmental Training schedules Number of IA Routinely throughout construction stage maximise monitoring personnel programs construction period monitoring damages attended by each person – once a year Implementation of effective Respective contract Submission of environmental monitoring and checklists and duly completed reporting system using checklist of remedial actions checklists of all all contractual environmental taken thereof. contracts for each requirements site - once Appropriate contact clauses to Compliance report Submission of ensure satisfactory implementation related to duly completed of contractual environmental environmental compliance report mitigation measures. aspects for the for each contract contract – once Operation and Maintenance 40 Location of line Exposure to Setback of dwellings to overhead Compliance with Setback distances MSPCL During operations towers/poles and safety related line route designed in accordance setback distances to nearest houses overhead/ risks with permitted level of power (“as-built” – once in quarter underground line frequency and the regulation of diagrams) xxxii Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule alignment & supervision at sites. design 41 Line through Injury/ Avoidance of established/identified Regular monitoring No. of incidents- MSPCL Part of detailed siting identified bird mortality to migration path (Birds & Bats). for any incident of once every month and alignment survey flyways, birds, bats etc Provision of flight injury/mortality /design and Operation migratory path due to collision diverter/reflectors, elevated and perches, insulating jumper loops, electrocution obstructive perch deterrents, raptor hoods etc., if applicable 42 Equipment Contamination Equipment installed above the high Substation design to Base height as MSPCL During operations submerged under of receptors flood level (HFL) by raising the account for HFL per flood design flood (land, water) foundation pad. (“as-built” – once diagrams) 43 Oil spillage Contamination Substation transformers located Substation bunding Bunding (Oil MSPCL During operations of land/nearby within secure and impervious sump (Oil sump) (“as- sump) capacity water bodies areas with a storage capacity of at built” diagrams) and permeability least 100% of the capacity of oil in - once transformers and associated reserve tanks. 44 SF6 management Emission of Reduction of SF6 emission through Leakage and gas Continuous MSPCL During Operations most potent awareness, replacement of old density/level monitoring GHG causing seals, proper handling & storage by climate change controlled inventory and use, enhance recovery and applying new technologies to reduce leakage 45 Inadequate Injury and Careful design using appropriate Usage of Preparedness MSPCL Design and operation provision of sickness of staff technologies to minimise hazards appropriate level for using staff/workers /workers technologies (lost these health and safety work days due to technologies in during operations illness and injuries) crisis – once each year xxxiii Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule Safety awareness raising for staff. Training/awareness Number of Preparation of fire emergency programs and mock programs and action plan and training given to drills percent of staff staff on implementing emergency /workers covered action plan – once each year Provide adequate sanitation and Provision of Complaints water supply facilities facilities received from staff /workers 46 Electric Shock Injury/ Careful design using appropriate Usage of appropriate Preparedness MSPCL Design and Operation Hazards mortality to technologies to minimise hazards technologies (number level for using staff and public of injury incidents, these technology lost work days) in crisis – once a month Security fences around substations Maintenance of Report on fences maintenance – Barriers to prevent climbing on/ Maintenance of every 2 weeks dismantling of transmission towers barriers Appropriate warning signs on Maintenance of facilities warning signs Electricity safety awareness raising Training /awareness Number of in project areas programs and mock programs and drills for all percent of total concerned parties persons covered – once each year 47 Operations and Unnecessary Adequate training in O&M to all Training/awareness Number of MSPCL Operation maintenance staff environmental relevant staff of substations & programs and mock programs and skills less than losses of transmission/ distribution line drills for all relevant percent of staff acceptable various types maintenance crews. staff covered – once Preparation and training in the use each year of O&M manuals and standard operating practices xxxiv Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule 48 Inadequate Diminished Staff to receive training in Training/awareness Number of MSPCL Operation periodic ecological and environmental monitoring of programs and mock programs and environmental social values. project operations and maintenance drills for all relevant percent of staff monitoring. activities. staff covered – once each year 49 Equipment Release of Processes, equipment and systems Process, equipment Phase out MSPCL Operations specifications and chemicals and using cholofluorocarbons (CFCs), and system design schedule to be design parameters gases in including halon, should be phased prepared in case receptors (air, out and to be disposed of in a still in use – once water, land) manner consistent with the in a quarter requirements of the Govt. 50 Transmission/ Exposure to Transmission/ distribution line Required ground Ground clearance MSPCL Operations distribution line electromagnetic design to comply with the limits of clearance (meters) -once maintenance interference electromagnetic interference from overhead power lines 51 Uncontrolled Fire hazard due Periodic pruning of vegetation to Requisite clearance Assessment in MSPCL Operations growth of to growth of maintain requisite electrical (meters) consultation with vegetation tree/shrub clearance. forest authorities /bamboo along - once a year(pre- RoW No use of herbicides/ pesticides monsoon/post- monsoon 52 Noise related Nuisance to Substations sited and designed to Noise levels Noise levels at MSPCL Operations neighbouring ensure noise will not be a nuisance. {dB(A)} boundary nearest properties to properties and consultation with affected parties if any - once xxxv 1. Project Context 1. India's North East Region (NER) stretches across the eastern foothills of the Himalayan mountain range and is comprised of seven states including Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Manipur. Geographically the region is connected to the other parts of the country through a small “chicken neck” corridor in the State of West Bengal. With a total population of 45.6 million (2011 census), the sparsely populated NER accounts for about 3.7 percent of India’s total population and covers 7.9 percent of India’s total geographical area. The vast majority of the region’s population lives in rural areas, accounting for 82 percent of the total population as against compared to the national average of 69 percent (2011). A large part of the NER is hilly and, recognized as one of the globe’s biodiversity hotspots. Forests cover over 2/3rd of the area, twice exceeding the policy target of 33%. This sparsely populated region is characterized by extraordinary ethnic, cultural, religious and linguistic diversity, with more than 160 Scheduled Tribes (out of 630 in the country) comprising over 400 distinct sub tribal groups, and a large and diverse non-tribal population as well. 2. The North Eastern Region (NER) in India is endowed with rich energy resources but faces significant bottlenecks in electricity access and availability levels. The per capita power consumption in NER is one-third of the national average. The region has a shortfall of about 500MW installed capacity against peak demand of about 1950 MW. No significant generation capacity has been added in the recent past. Therefore, inadequate power supply continues a critical constraint to sustainable growth and economic development in the NER. Some states are generally not able to draw even their allocated share of power from the Central Generating Stations (CGS) through the grid due to poor/inadequate intra/interstate transmission and distribution network and no capacity addition towards transmission/distribution power system not done due to fund constraints. The transmission and distribution (T&D) losses are also quite high (up to 50%) across most of the States as a large number of remote hilly areas are connected through long low tension lines, resulting in low voltages and poor quality of power at consumer end. While generation capacity addition of about 4000 MW program over present installed capacity is already underway, adequate transmission and distribution infrastructure to transmit and distribute this power to consumers within the North-Eastern States is the need of the day. 3. In order to create/ augment proper infrastructure of T&D in NER keeping in mind future requirement, the Government of India (GoI) has drawn a “Composite scheme for transmission and distribution (T&D) in NER” capable of delivering adequate power to most consumers with reliability, aiming to improve the inter-state and intra-state transmission and sub-transmission infrastructure and Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 1 reduce system losses in all the NER states. This in background, GoI has approached the World Bank to provide US$ 1500 million of IBRD funding support to a portion of the scheme christened: “NER Power System Improvement Project (NERPSIP)”. The investments are proposed to be made in three different tranches, each being US$ 500 million. The key objectives include strengthening, augmentation of the intra-state and interstate transmission and distribution schemes (up to 33kV) and undertake capacity building initiatives across six NER States of Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Manipur and Nagaland. Ministry of Power (MoP), GoI has appointed POWERGRID, the CTU, as Implementing Agency for the Project in six North Eastern States. However, the ownership of the assets shall be with the respective State Governments/State Utilities, which upon progressive commissioning shall be handed over to them for taking care of Operation and Maintenance of Assets at their own cost. 4. The first tranche under the NERPSIP would be implemented over a seven year period (2014- 2021) and has two major components, namely: (a) Priority investments for strengthening of intra-state transmission and distribution systems; (b) Technical Assistance for Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building of power utilities and departments. 1.1 State Specific Details – Manipur 5. The State of Manipur is spread over an area of about 22,327 sq. km with a population of more than 2.7 million. The State faces significant bottlenecks in electricity access and availability level. The present per capita energy consumption is of the order of 240 units (kWh) against the regional per capita consumption of about 258 units and national per capita consumption of about 779 units. During last 7 years, the total energy consumption and the total numbers of Consumers have moved up by almost 105.8% and 28.56% respectively, a phenomenal growth of both i.e. energy Consumption from 197 MU to 406MU (105.8%) and Nos. of consumers from 1.81 lakhs to over 2.32 lakhs (28.56%).It is expected that the demand will increase on an average of more than15%per year in regards to energy consumption and 4.08 % per year in nos. of consumers. The State has predominantly one source i.e. Central Sector allocation (mixture of hydro & thermal) of 142.3MW and 10.5MW of power from MSPCL. The state is endowed with hydro-power potentiality for power generation without much damage to environment. Present (2014-15) peak demand of the state is 262 MW. Own generation is negligible. MSPCL gets about 129 MW from Central sector power allocation out of allocation of 153.5 MW including about 17/18 MW from Pallatana OTPC, Tripura. There remains shortfall of about 133MW. As most of the generation projects in the north eastern region are hydro in nature, the state faces shortage of power during low- hydro generation condition Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 2 6. Besides this, the present Intra-State transmission system of the State is quite old & weak and is unable to cater to the growing power requirements of the State. Although the present T&D system covers many areas of the State, it is inadequate in its reach and due to non-availability of redundant T&D system, outage of any transmission system element results in long term power shortages making the system highly unreliable. Besides, some of the network elements have undergone long term outage due to break-down. Therefore, it has become essential to address the above situation through remedial measures in the transmission and distribution (T&D) system. Accordingly, phase-wise strengthening of transmission & sub-transmission system has been proposed. The Power Map of Manipur indicating the existing and proposed T&D network is placed in Figure - 1.1. Summary of subprojects to be implemented in the State in Tranche-1 under NERPSIP along with capacity addition and cost is shown in Table- 1.1 below. Table – 1.1 : Summary of subprojects in Tranche- I under NERPSIP Sl. Quantity Capacity Addition Estimated Cost Name of the subproject No. (Nos.) (Ckt. Km/MVA) (in Millions) 132 kV Transmission lines (New/ 1. 7 554 Ckt.km. Stringing & Renovation) 1639.74 132/33kV substations 2 6 160 MVA (New/Augmentation) 3. 33 kV Distribution lines 12 222 Ckt.km. (New/Strengthening) 1403.61 33/11kV substations 1 4. 34 229.4 MVA (New/Augmentation) 7. The prime objective of the project/subproject is to improve the power sector in the State of Manipur and capacity building to achieve sustainable development in the long term. The Project is expected to facilitate connection to remote/virgin area, to enhance the capacity & reliability of the system, to improve voltage profile & to reduce losses and ultimately to enhance satisfaction for all categories of consumers which in turn will spur growth & overall development in the whole State. 1 The substation of 33/11 kV is installed for stepping down the voltage from 33 kV to 11 kV level to facilitate its further transmission to distribution network for its logical use by consumers after further stepping down to 433 V level. The electrical installations in the said substation comprises of transformers, breakers, capacitors etc. and other protection/controlling devices to ensure required power flow”. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 3 Figure – 1.1 Power Map of Manipur Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 4 2. Environment and Social Context – Manipur 8. Environment and Social Policy and Procedures (ESPP). As the MSPCL is contemplating major expansion and augmentation of its transmission & distribution network in near future by implementing projects with the help/grant from GoI and Multilateral Funding Agencies like the World Bank, ADB, it attaches high significance towards managing environment and social issues and the associated concerns. In this context, POWERGRID, with proven credentials in management of environmental and social issues of large number of power transmission projects both within and outside the country has been mandated to develop the Environment and Social Policy and Procedures (ESPP) for MSPCL. 9. The MSPCL’s ESPP is based on POWERGRID’s ESPP with updation/ incorporation of state specific requirements/processes including central legislations after extensive review and gap analysis with active participation/support of MSPCL officials and field verifications. The ESPP of MSPCL assimilates environmental and social management procedures into its corporate functioning and also layout management procedures and protocol to address them. It outlines MSPCL's commitment to deal with environmental and social issues relating to its transmission & distribution projects with a framework for identification, assessment and management of environmental and social concerns at both organizational as well as project levels. Thus, it enables MSPCL: • To establish clear procedures and methodologies for the environmental and social screening, planning, review, approval and implementation of subprojects to be financed under the Project; • To specify appropriate roles and responsibilities, and outline the necessary reporting procedures, for managing and monitoring environmental and social concerns related to sub- projects; • To determine the training, capacity building and technical assistance needed to successfully implement the provisions of the ESPP; • To ensure adequate financial provisions to meet the management measures to be undertaken to mitigate the impacts. Environment & Social Policy Statement “MSPCL aims to achieve sustainable development by identifying, addressing and managing environmental social and concerns by creating awareness among stakeholders, adopting a transparent approach and introducing the state of the art technologies by adhering to the basic principles of Avoidance, Minimization and Mitigation for ensuring cleaner, safer and healthier environment”. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 5 10. MSPCL also believes that the ESPP is dynamic and living document, which shall be further upgraded in light of the experiences gained from field implementation and other relevant factors while mainstreaming the environmental and social concerns in its corporate functioning. 2.1 Approach/ Methodology 11. The ESPP has been prepared following a region/ state specific environmental and social assessments which involved generating information through both primary and secondary sources including consultations and library research. The methodology adopted to identify the potential environment and social impacts is based on experience gained from implementation of similar projects and baseline assessments of work activities anticipated in this proposed project. The methodology takes in to account wide range of receptors: • Physical & chemical environment (e.g. air, water, soil, noise etc.); • Biological environment (Plants, animals, birds, forest, wildlife etc.); • Communities, social groups and individuals (loss of land, loss of agricultural production, tribal, vulnerable groups (women and backward classes), socio-economic condition, health and safety risks). 12. The basic approach involved broadly the following: • Review of environment & social baseline information from secondary source of the project area; • Review of existing national & state specific legislations and policy and procedures of multi- lateral agencies; • Review of project related documents; • Stakeholders Consultations. 2.2 Consultation/ Participation 13. Consultations with key stakeholders including local, state, regional, central government entities and key ministries at the state level and central level as well as with World Bank officials were undertaken to know views and concerns about environmental and social issues /concerns of the project. This activity ensured appropriate participation and gathering views from the environment and social perspective of all the stakeholders’ which is integrated in this ESPP to be adopted during different stages of the project implementation. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 6 2.3 Structure of the Report 14. Chapter 1& 2 provides the context from a regional, state and project level with social and environmental scenarios as well as approach and methodology adopted for conducting assessments and preparing ESPP. Chapter 3 presents an overview of Manipur state in respect of its social, economic, cultural, environment, infrastructure and administrative fronts. Stakeholder Analysis is presented in Chapter-4. While Chapters 1-3 lays foundation to both social and environmental front, subsequently, Chapters 5 and 6 deal with issues, impacts and measures thereof in respect of social and environmental aspects. Integrating social and environmental management into the overall project cycle is made in the next chapter. The remaining chapters (8 to 12) deal with implementation arrangements, capacity building, grievance redressal mechanism and monitoring and evaluation & budget. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 7 3. Manipur - An overview 15 Manipur State lies between at latitude of 230 50’N to 250 42’N and longitude of 92058’E - 94045’E. The state is bounded by Nagaland (204Km) in the north, Mizoram (95Km) in the south, Assam (204.1Km) in the west, and by the International borders of the country Burma/Myanmar 352Km) in the east as well as in the south. The state capital is Imphal, located in the centre of the state. The total area covered by the state is about 22,347 km². The capital lies in an oval-shaped valley of approximately 700 square miles (2238km2) surrounded by blue mountains and is at an elevation of varies from 790 metres to 2020 m above the sea level. The slope of the valley is from north to south. The mountain ranges prevent the cold winds from the north from reaching the valley and bar cyclonic storms originating from the Bay of Bengal. Like other north- eastern states, it is largely isolated from the rest of India. Besides air services, National Highway NH-102 links Manipur with the rest of the country through the railway stations at Dimapur in Nagaland at a distance of 215 km from Imphal. National Highway 37 also connects Manipur with another railway station at Silchar in Assam, which is 269 km away from Imphal. The road network of Manipur, with a length of 8648Km (with surfaced & un-surfaced as 4573 and 4075 Km approx. respectively) connects all the important towns and distant villages. 16 The State has rich natural resources which include unique floating mass of vegetation on the Loktak Lake, forests and the wet forests /the pine forests occur between 900-2700 m above MSL. They together sustain a host of rare and endemic plant and animal life. The local flora and fauna bear a very close affinity and resemblance with the floral and faunal components of the Indo-Malayan and Indo-Chinese sub-regions. The State is located in the bio-geographic zone of 9B-North-East hills and possesses an extremely rich bio-diversity. Blessed with an amazing variety of flora and fauna, 67% of the geographical area of Manipur is hill tract covered forests. One third of the population belongs to Schedule Tribes whose lives are intrinsically woven with that of the forests. The state is now striving to march ahead and utilize the available natural resources as the same holds the key for economic development. Yet, it is a challenging task as the state is characterized by geographical isolation, poor infrastructure. 3.1 History 17 The present Manipur before being a part of India, an Eastern most tiny constituent State of the Indian union to the western boarder of the Burma/Myanmar, was one of the many hundreds of kingdoms of the south and southeast Asia and an Independent Sovereign Country up to the advent of British Rulein 1891 AD , in all probable meanings of the concept of 'Sovereignty'.The tiny country Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 8 became a Hindu State after Pamheiba (Name by the Indigenous People) Garivaniwaz (by the Hindu Immigrants) became king of Kangleipak in 1709 A.D. 18 Manipur came under British rule as a princely state (earlier name: kangleipak). During World War II, Manipur was the scene of many fierce battles between the Japanese and the British Indian forces. After the war, the Manipur Constitution Act of 1947 established a democratic form of government, with the Maharaja as the Executive Head. When India achieved independence in 1947, Manipur acceded to the new Union. Manipur was a union territory from 1962 and later became a full-fledged state on 21st January 1972. 3.2 Governance and Administration 19 The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments Acts marked a new era in the federal democratic set up of the country so far as it conferred constitutional status to the panchayats and municipalities and recognized them as the third tier of Government. The Constitutional amendment provide for devolution of powers and responsibilities with respect to preparation of plans and programmes for economic development and social justice and implementation of 29 subjects and 18 subjects listed in XI and XII Schedule of the Constitution of India. Post 73rd Constitutional Amendment the Government enacted the Manipur Panchayati Raj (MPR) Act and established a two- tier Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) system at the village and district levels. The State has 9 districts of which 5 districts are located in the hill areas and 4 districts are spread out in the valley. Consequent upon the 74th Constitutional Amendment the Government enacted the Manipur Municipality Act 1994. There are three categories of Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in the State e.g.Municipal Councils (MCs), Nagar Panchayats (NPs) and Small Town. However, the state is unique and distinguished by the existence of separate legislative, governance and judiciary systems for tribal areas. Meeteilon (Manipuri) and English languages are official language of the State. The present administrative setup of state is presented in Table 3.1. Table 3.1: Administrative Setup in Manipur Sl. no. Districts Area (km2) Population Headquarters 1. Bishnupur 530 240,363 Bishnupur 2. Churachandpur 4570 271,274 Lamka 3. Chandel 3313 144,028 Chandel 4. Imphal East 709 452,661 Porompat 5. Imphal West 519 514,683 Lamphelpat 6. Senapati 3271 354,972 Senapati 7. Tamenglong 4391 140,143 Tamenglong Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 9 8. Thoubal 514 420,517 Thoubal 9. Ukhrul 4544 183,115 Ukhrul Source: Census 2011 20 The valley areas of the State are covered under Part IX of the Constitution. However, the hill areas of the State are governed by a special State legislation i.e the Manipur Hill Areas District Councils Act, 1971. This Act has provisions similar to those contained in the Sixth Schedule and has established six Autonomous Hill District Councils in Manipur, covering 5 districts. The activities of the Councils are confined to agriculture, horticulture, primary and adult education and tribal welfare. No power to levy taxes is given to these bodies and they depend entirely on grants from the Government. The provisions of the Fifth Schedule are applicable to them. The list of Autonomous District Councils is as follows: i) Chandel Autonomous District Council (Chandel District), ii) Churachandpur Autonomous District Council(Churachandpur district), iii) Sadar Hills Autonomous District Council, Kangpokpi iv) Manipur North Autonomous District Council (Senapati District) v) Tamenglong Autonomous District Council (Tamenglong) District, vi) Ukhrul Autonomous District Council (Ukhrul District). The administrations of the Tribal areas are carried out by the Deputy Commissioners concerned, who on the other hand act as District Magistrates with support of the District level officer and Block Development officers. At the District level, there are Autonomous Districts Councils (ADCs). There are two (2) ADCs in the Senapati District and one ADC in each of the remaining hill districts constituted under the Manipur (Hill Areas) Districts Councils Act, 1971. At the State level there is Hill Area Committee constituted under the Manipur Legislative Assembly (Hill Areas Committee) order, 1972. The Hill areas Committee comprises of all MLAs elected from the hill areas of the State as its members. The members then elect Chairman and Vice Chairman and other functionaries through nomination/consensus. This is the highest body in the State at the legislative level to oversee the planning, implementation and monitoring of all development activities in the hill areas of the State. In almost all the cases tribal lands belong to tribal Chiefs/individual/Community. There are restrictions on transfer of land to non-tribal. Moreover, the land revenue acts like LAA/RFCTLARRA, 2013 are not applicable in such hill areas yet and all transfer of land for developmental/infrastructure projects is carried out with the consent of chief/headman of village council under supervision of concerned DC at local level and Hill area Committee at State level. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 10 3.3 Demographic Profile 21 The provisional population of Manipur as per census 2011 was 27, 21,756 out of which 13,69,764 were males and 13,51,992 were females. The population of Manipur has increased by 4,27,860 during the decade. Decadal growth of population in the State during 2001-2011 was 18.65 % and males growth were 17.88 % and females were 19.44 % respectively. The details of population as per Census 2011 are presented in Table 3.2. Table 3.2: Demographic Profile Percentage Sex- Ratio Population decadal (Number of Literacy Population 2011 density per S. growth rate of Females per in % District sq. km. N. population 1000 Males) 1991- 2001- Persons Males Females 2001 2011 2001 2011 2011 01 11 1. Senapati 354,972 183,081 171,891 36.09 25.16 951 939 87 109 75.00 2. Tamenglong 140,143 71,762 68,381 29.23 25.69 922 953 25 32 70.40 3. Churachandpur 271,274 137,748 133,526 29.36 19.03 944 969 50 59 84.29 4. Bishnupur 240,363 120,185 120,178 15.27 15.36 993 1000 420 485 76.35 5. Thoubal 420,517 209,674 210,843 23.87 15.48 998 1006 708 818 76.66 6. Imphal West 514,683 253,628 261,055 16.70 15.82 1004 1029 856 992 86.70 7. Imphal East 452,661 225,130 227,531 19.49 14.63 991 1011 557 638 82.81 8. Ukhrul 183,115 94,013 89,102 28.83 30.07 916 948 31 40 81.87 9. Chandel 144,028 74,543 69,485 66.62 21.72 981 932 36 43 70.85 Total 2,721,756 1,369,764 1,351,992 24.86 18.65 974 987 103 122 79.85 Source: Census of India, 2011 22 Manipur is inhabited by three major ethnic group - the Meiteis including Meitei Muslim in the valley and the Nagas and the Kuki-Chin-Mizo tribes in the hills. Peoples are predominantly Mongoloid, and speak Tibeto-Burmese languages. The Meiteis constitute the majority population in the state and are a fairly homogenous people. They are divided into seven clans (salais): Manganz, Luwang, Khuman, Angom, Moirang, Chenglai (Sarang-Leishangthem) and Khaba-Nganba. The Muslims, known locally as Meitei Pangans are an economically significant though small-sized community. There are no followers of Buddhism in the valley. Christianity, which was introduced by the British, was embraced only by the hill tribes. The Meiteis and other non-tribal groups constitute about 66 per cent of the total population of the state. These groups speak Manipuri. 23 33 tribal groups are recognised by the Government of India as Scheduled Tribes (STs), seven Scheduled Castes (SCs), and the Meiteis, the Pangans, and ‘others’ as separate population categories. The recognized Naga groups are the Anal, Chiru, Chothe, Kabui,Kacha Naga, Koireng, Kairao, Lamkang, Mao, Maram, Maring, Monsang, Mayon, Sema andTangkhul who together form 18.7 per Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 11 cent of the state’s population. The Thangal, Liangmeiand Tharao, also recognized as Naga tribes, are yet to be listed as STs. In 2003, the Poumei were recognized as a separate tribe. The recognized tribes include Thadou, Zou, Vaiphei, Simte, Paite, Aimol, Gangte, and Ralte. Some groups like the Simte, Suhte and Ralte identify themselves as Zomi. Among the other prominent tribes are the Kom and the Hmar. 3.4 Land, Agriculture and Forests 24 The size of the cultivated area is about 7.41% only of the total geographical area of the State. Of this total cultivated area, 52% is confined to the valley. Therefore, half of the total valley area which accommodates 67% of the total population is occupied for agriculture purposes. The pressure on land in the valley is thus quite conspicuous. 25 Agriculture and allied activities are the backbone of the state's economy. Agriculture being the main occupation of the people of Manipur, it has an important place in the economy of the state. Agriculture sector contributes a major share to the total state domestic product and provides employment to about 52.19 percent of the total workers in Manipur. In fact, the state domestic product fluctuates depending on the performance of agriculture sector. Despite the crucial importance of this primary sector in the state's economy, the irregular and erratic behavior of monsoon accompanied by inadequate irrigation facilities have resulted in severe fluctuations in agriculture production. Agriculture becomes a living proposition rather than a commercial proposition. Thus, from the view point of employment and income, agriculture plays a very crucial role in the state's economy. Land use pattern of the state is illustrated in Table 3.3. Table 3.3: Land Use Pattern Land Use Area in ‘000 ha Percentage Total geographical area 2,233 Reporting area for land utilization 2142 100.00 Forests 1742 81.33 Not available for cultivation 27 1.26 Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 1 0.05 Land under misc. Tree crops and groves 6 0.28 Culturable wasteland 1 0.05 Fallow lands other than current fallows 0 0.00 Current fallows 0 0.00 Net area sown 365 17.04 Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, GoI, 2011 Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 12 26 Forest is an integral part of the culture and tradition of Manipur as its protection maintains the ecology of the State. The State has a geographical area of 22,327 sq. km. of which 17418 sq.km. (78 %) is the recorded forest area; Reserved Forests constitute 8.40%, Protected Forests 24% and Un-classed Forests constitute 67.60%. Details of district wise forest cover in State are presented in Table 3.4. Table 3.4: District-wise Forest Cover 2011 Assessment (In km²) Geographical Sl. Very Mod. Percent District Area( in km²) Open Scrub No. Dense Dense Total of GA Forest Forest Forest 1. Bishnupur 496 0 1 20 21 4.23 0 2. Chandel 3,313 0 744 2,085 2,829 85.39 0 3. Churachandpur 4,570 37 1,683 2,555 4,275 93.54 0 4. Imphal East 669 0 53 167 220 32.88 0 5. Imphal West 559 0 24 31 55 9.84 0 6. Senapati 3,271 233 870 1,080 2,183 66.74 0 7. Tamenglong 4,391 279 1,784 1,839 3,902 88.86 0 8. Thoubal 514 0 4 52 56 10.89 0 9. Ukhrul 4,544 181 988 2,380 3,549 78.10 1 Grand Total 22,327 730 6,151 10,209 17,090 76.54 1 Source: State Forest Report, 2013 27 The deforestation for Jhumming (shifting cultivation) is an age-old practice in the hills of Manipur. But during the last 20 years there is a tremendous increase in the area of Jhum cultivation, mostly in the dense forest areas caused by rapid increase of population of the tribal living in forest. There are more than 104 species of animals (fauna) used as age-old medicine and more than 5000 Sacred Groves have been reported. Many of these animals of ethnozoological importance are in threat due to over exploitation. Moreover, many of the sacred Groves are going to disappear. 3.5 Protected Areas & Wetlands 28 Manipur has one National Parks (NP) and one Wildlife Sanctuaries (WLS) covering an area of 224.4 km², constituting 5.75% of the total geographical area of the State. Besides, there are also other NP & WLS which are proposed & awaiting settlement proceedings (for details refer Table 3.5). Map of protected area network is placed below. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 13 Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 14 Table 3.5: Lists of Protected Area Sl. Name of Sanctuary/ District Area in Important Flora and Fauna No. National Park sq. km found 1. Keibul Lamjao Bishnupur 40.00 Many fauna & flora: Aquatic/ National Park mammal/ Amphibian of Invertebrate& Vertebrate 2. Yangoupokpi Chandel 184.40 -do- Lokchao Wildlife Sanctuary 3. Bunning Wildlife Tamenglong 115.80 Alpine grassland and Forests Sanctuary (Proposed) ecosystem including canes & bamboos, Animals: Tiger, Leopard/Clouded Leopard, Sambar etc. and many other important flora 4. Zeilad Wildlife Tamenglong 21.00 Abode of migratory birds, Many Sanctuary (Proposed) important fauna & flora Aquatic/ mammal/ Amphibian (Invertebrate& Vertebrate) 5. Kailam Wildlife Churachand 187.50 Sub-tropical Wet Hill Forests Sanctuary pur (Proposed) (8B/C2), Home of five varieties of Horn bills & Tiger, Leopard/ Clouded Leopard, Sambar etc. and many other important flora. 6. Jiri-Makru Wildlife Tamenglong 198.00 Virgin forests of catchments area of Sanctuary (Proposed) Jiri & Makru rivers hosting varieties of flora and fauna. 7. Shiroi Hill National Ukhrul 41.00 Home of unique and endemic Park (Proposed) ground lily 29 The National Wetland Atlas 2010, developed by Space Application Centre, Indian Space Research Organization sponsored by the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India, has identified 167 wetlands (≥ 2.25 Ha) and 541 wetlands (<2.25 Ha) which is covering of 63,616 ha i.e. 2.85% of total geographic area under different types of wetlands like lake / pond (61.5%), river/steam (26.2%), waterlogged (5.5%) and aquaculture pond. Out of that, 19 (nineteen) important wetlands from 7 (seven) districts of Manipur, including 2 hill wetlands viz. Zaimeng at Senapati and Zailad at Tamenglong, has been identified by the Directorate of Environment, Government of Manipur, the State Nodal Agency for conservation of Wetlands in Manipur. Analysis of wetland status in terms of open water and aquatic vegetation showed that around 71 % of wetland area is under open water category during post monsoon and 62% during pre-monsoon respectively. Aquatic vegetation (floating/emergent) occupies around 26 % of wetland area during post monsoon and 37 % during pre-monsoon respectively. Loktak Lake largest wetland covering 61% of the wetland regime (468 sq km) within Manipur River Basin, supporting livelihood of about 1 lakh people living in and around the wetlands. Traditionally it is widely used for fisheries and agriculture. It is a source of 105 MW Hydropower. It supports rich floral and faunal biodiversity including Brow Antlered Deer Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 15 (Sangai) of Keibul Lamjao National Park. Manipur falls under the Endemic Bird Area of Eastern Himalayas (EBA 130), which constitute 21 restricted range species in India. Only five IBAs fulfill this A2 (Restricted Range species) criterion (refer Map- 3.1). Loktak Wetland has been identified as Ramsar site under National Wetland Conservation Program. Map 3.1: Important Bird Areas in Manipur 3.8 Economy 30 The economy of Manipur is characterized by high rate of unemployment and poverty, low capital formation, in-adequate infrastructure facilities, geographical isolation and communication bottlenecks, practically no industrialization to speak of. GSDP 2 of the State grew at the rate of 14.29 per cent (` 10619 crore) at current price during 2011-12 against a growth of 12.56 per cent (` 9291 crore) during 2010-11. The Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of GSDP of the State during 2002-12 was 12.29 per cent. Revenue and capital are the two streams of receipts that constitute the resources of the State Government. Revenue receipts consist of tax revenues, Non-tax revenues, State’s share of union taxes and duties and Grants-in-aid from the Government of India (GoI). Capital receipts comprise miscellaneous capital receipts such as proceeds from disinvestments, recoveries of loans and advances, debt receipts from internal sources (market loans, borrowings from financial institutions/ commercial 2 Information as per Department of Economics and Statistics, Government of Manipur. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 16 banks) and loans and advances from GoI as well as accruals from Public Account. Though the State’s own taxes remained buoyant as compared to the GSDP during 2011-12, it will have little impact to the revenue position in the State as the contribution of the State’s own taxes to the revenue receipts of the State is marginal (about 12 per cent). Nearly 88 per cent of the State Revenue receipt is from the Grants- in aid and Central tax transfers. As such, unless the proportion of State’s own revenue sources improves, any reduced devolution of Central funds in future will have an adverse impact on the State’s economy. The comprehensive detail about Manipur State is placed at Annexure-1. 3.9 Power Scenario 31 The State-owned generation is only a fraction of a megawatt, a Micro Hydel Plant having capacity of 600 KW and it is in operation. A heavy fuel based Power Plant 36 MW (6 x 6 MW) is kept ready for operation in case of extreme emergency/crisis as its cost of generation is exorbitantly high. Besides, there are 5 diesel power houses (about 2.5 MW in total) kept standby for operation at VIP/strategic areas for any outage of power or failure of grid supply at any time. Therefore, Power supply of Manipur totally depends entirely on the share of Central Sector Power Plants as outlined below: Sl. Name of the Power Source Allocated Share of Manipur (for 2012-13) No. (Central Sector) in % In MW/ Out of installed capacity in MW 1. Loktak HEP at Manipur (NHPC) 30.12 31.62/105 MW 2. Kopili/Khandong HEP (NEEPCo, Assam & Ko-I Meghalaya) 7.39 14.78/200 MW Ko-II 6.59 1.74/25 MW Khandong 6.56 3.28/50 MW 3. Ranganadi HEP 8.37 33.90/405 MW 4. Doyang HEP 7.87 5.9/75 MW 5. GBPP (NEEPCo.), Kathalguri, 8.11 23.6/291 MW Assam 6. GBPP (NEEPCo.) 8.31 6.98/84 MW Ramachandranagar, Tripura. 7. GBPP of MSPCL, Baramura, 25 10.5/42 MW Tripura 8. Pallatana, OTPC 21/363.3 MW Total allocated share 153.30MW 32 The total allocated share shown above is based on the total installed capacities of the projects. The availability of Power varies from time to time depending on actual generation from these projects, which remains less in most of the time. Thus, shortfall continues to be there in the state. The situation further deteriorates when there is outage of any generating unit/units in any station of the Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 17 Central sector plants. The state is also supposed to get additional allocated share of 21 MW and 40 MW from Pallatana GBPP (726.6MW), Tripura and Bongaigaon Thermal PowerStation (750MW), Assam respectively after completion of the projects and its associated Transmission lines. MSPCL is able to fulfil the requirement of existing domestic, commercial and industrial units as MSPCL presently is having Transmission/Sub-transmission and Distribution network system illustrated below: • As on 31.03.2014, MSPCL has assets of 406.584 Ckms of 132 KV Transmission line, 1195.008 Ckms of 33KV sub-transmission lines and 9 nos. of 132/33kV sub-stations & 54 nos. of 33/11kV S/S which are in operation with transformation capacity of 317.5MVA & 387.05 MVA respectively in the State. Refer Figure 1.1 for Power map of the State.  As on end March 2013, MSPDCL created 5935.58 Ckm of 11kV lines and 7832.28 Ckm of LT Lines (440V) with 11/0.44 DTs for transformation of about 438MVA. Figure- 3.2  Data captured (Figure - 3.2 ) during last 7 years shows that the demand of Electricity in the state is in upward trend with the passage of time. This reveals that the total energy consumption and the total numbers of Consumers have moved up by almost 105.8% and 28.56% respectively, a phenomenal growth of both i.e. energy Consumption from 197 MU to 406MU (105.8%) and Nos. of consumers from 1.81 lakhs to over 2.32 lakhs (28.56%).It is expected that the demand will increase on an average of more than15%per year in regards to energy consumption and 4.08 % per year in nos. of consumers.(Data Source: Annual Administrative Report (2012-13)/ DoP/GoMan and MSPCL, a GoMan Enterprises) • Due to difficult hill tract & terrain in the State, Transmission/sub-transmission network and distribution network system are very weak and thus, T&D loss is very high (about 28.85%). and (about-56.97% including AT&C (i.e. Aggregate Technical& Commercial) respectively 33 In order to provide quality power supply and service at affordable cost together with sustainable development practices, MSPCL has undertaken many proactive and bold initiatives like augmentation/addl. Projects work under State Plan Scheme and other schemes with funding assistance of NEC/SPA/NLCPR/APRDP under Ministry of DoNER/GoI, System improvement scheme, providing 100% metering of feeders/ distribution transformers/ consumers, Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 18 detection/disconnection of unauthorised consumers, setting up Spl. Court/ spl. Police station for effective control of energy theft, energy accounting & auditing at all voltage levels covering 100% household electrification, Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) for Residential and Industrial Consumers, implementation of system strengthening under Restructured Accelerated Power Development Reform Programme(RAPDRP) and Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY). 3.10 Road Ahead 34 The State has predominantly one source i.e. Central Sector allocation (mixture of hydro & thermal) of 142.3MW and 10.5MW of power from MSPCL. The state is endowed with hydro-power potentiality for power generation without much damage to environment. Present (2014-15) peak demand of the state is 262 MW. Own generation is negligible. MSPCL gets about 129 MW from Central sector power allocation out of allocation of 153.5 MW including about 17/18 MW from Pallatana OTPC, Tripura. There remains shortfall of about 133MW. The state is also supposed to get allocated share of 21 MW and 40 MW from Pallatana GBPP (726.6MW), Tripura and Bongaigaon Thermal Power Station (750MW), Assam respectively after completion of the projects and its associated Transmission lines. Efforts are underway not only to bridge the gap but also to ensure that adequate power is made available to enable boosting of State economy. 35 To achieve such ambitious target/ goal, Manipur has planned for major expansion and augmentation of its transmission and sub-transmission/distribution network with sustainability, the ESPP has been designed to identify, address, and mitigate any adverse environmental and social issues during project implementation. Details of proposed expansion/augmentation of power system network in the State of Manipur with the financial support amounting to Rs. 404.17 Crores (US$ 67.35 million) from GoI and World Bank is placed at Annexure 2. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 19 4.0 Stakeholder Analysis 36 Stakeholder’s analysis has been undertaken to identify the issues and the concerns of various stakeholders who are supposed to be either directly or indirectly impacted/benefited or assume a position wherein they can have a significant role to play on project implementation. The Stakeholder’s analysis has been carried out to identify existing relationship and also to understand the roles, responsibilities and relations of these stakeholders in context of shaping the environment and social issues with respect to proposed project. The details of the key stakeholders identified at various levels from national level up to village/panchayat level and their issues & expectations with respect to proposed project has been provided in Table 4.1. The process of consultation with stakeholders involves formal and informal discussion. A wide range of issues were discussed with various stakeholders that might have environmental/ social concern. These are listed below. Table 4.1: Key Stakeholders and their expectations/issues No. Levels Key Stakeholders Expectations and Issues Government of India Improvement of overall power scenario of State and timely implementation of project to achieve the Ministry of Power intended objective. Strengthening of T&D networks of State & Capacity A National Level World Bank development of Utility and ensuring implementation of environment and social safeguards. Implementation of project with intended benefits like POWERGRID providing electricity supply to remote or unconnected area. DONER B Regional Level Proper coordination for project implementation NEC Proper coordination for timely implementation of Department of Power project with intended benefits. Timely implementation of projects & Operation and State Power Maintenance of the power systems development under Corporations this project. Improvement in availability of power supply, reduction in T&D losses. Proper implementation of welfare measures and policy C State Level Tribal Welfare initiatives as envisaged in the applicable legislation, Department structured and continuous consultation on project activities. Protection of forest and protected areas, timely State Forest processing of approvals for utilization of forest land Department with minimum loss or implication to state forest Utilities like Water During implementation –coordination for timely supply, PHE, Oil & shifting of utilities as necessary and secured power Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 20 No. Levels Key Stakeholders Expectations and Issues gas, etc. supply to enhance efficiency of their activities. State Legal Coordination – conflict management as necessary Department State Finance Coordination – timely fund flow and utilization Department submission to the GoI and WB. Land acquisition – securing land for the project District implementation on a timely basis. Administration – Conflict management, compensation Revenue Department assessment/payment under RoW. Proper information dissemination at the local Local NGOs community level and act as watch dog to oversee implementation as per applicable legal provisions. Media Coordination for information dissemination Land Acquisition – importantly for private acquisition. D District Level Revenue department Timely conflict management For acquisition of village land and/or for establishment Village Council of transmission/distribution lines within their heads, members, etc. administrative areas with total transparency and involvement of all concerned. Local community leaders, elders, community groups, women groups etc be involved and consulted to Informal groups address issues related to compensation, employment opportunity due to project activity and coordination as E Village Level necessary. Mutually agreed measures to address any adverse issues SC due to project activity. Tribal Groups heads, Council heads, be consulted and ST involved in addressing all possible impact arisen due to project activity in the area. Women groups – be included in all consultation and be Women groups made part of decision making process related to project in their domain. Access to the communities in general and the affected families in particular. Secondly during implementation of the project activities for substations and especially F Panchayat level Panchayat members the transmission/distribution lines the permission and consultations with the panchayat is necessary as their role in accessing and convincing local communities is important. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 21 5. Issues, Impacts and Management Measures - Social 37 Key social/ institutional issues emanating from stakeholder analysis relate to the following: - Securing land for substation; - Temporary damages to land, crops, trees or other vegetation or other than forestland or structures during construction; - Community participation i during planning, implementation and operation phases of the project/ sub-project cycle; - Inter-agency coordination; - Health and Safety risk including HIV/AIDS; - Tribal and other vulnerable group; - Gender and women participation 5.1 Impacts – Social 38 This section identifies the potential social impacts of the proposed projects in terms of the nature, magnitude, extent and location, timing and duration of the anticipated impacts. These impacts are both positive or negative relating to the project design stage, construction stage or the project operation and decommissioning stage. i. Positive Impacts • Employment creation • Improved and reliability of power supply • Increased economic activity • Improved road infrastructure • Gender Issues – more opportunities to women during construction phase as laborers and also for catering, etc. activities around the camp site. • Less reliance of fossil fuels like firewood, charcoal etc. • Capacity Building. ii. Negative Impacts • Loss of land • Restriction of land use and land rights • Health and Safety risk including HIV/AIDS Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 22 5.2 Management Framework - Social 39 Based on the issues to be addressed and impacts likely to occur, appropriate management measures have been drawn for implementation to mitigate the possible impacts due to proposed project interventions. While for positive impacts, enhancement measures are suggested; for negative impacts suitable mitigation measures has been included. Details of potential socials issues and its management framework and measures are outlined in ESPP. Apart from this MSPCL has developed a standard Environment Management Plan for its transmission and distribution projects which shall be made part of contract document for proper implementation by the Contractor. Summary of potential social issues and corresponding management measures is provided below in Table – 5.1. Key principles governing the drawing of management measures and some ‘definitions’ are presented initially for a better reading of the measures. 5.3 Principles 40 The basic principles that guide this Social Management Framework (SMF) are: ― Avoidance socially sensitive areas while planning project activities; ― Minimization of impacts when project activities occur in socially sensitive areas; ― Mitigation of any unavoidable negative impacts arising out of its projects; ― Optimization of land requirement; and ― Greater transparency through involvement of community and other stakeholders. 5.4 Definitions 41 Following definitions will be applicable unless otherwise stated specifically; • Project Affected Area: Refers to the area of village or locality under a project for which land will be acquired under LARRA’13 through declaration by Notification in the Official Gazette by the appropriate Government or for which land belonging to the Government will be cleared from obstructions. • Project Affected Family: includes a person, his or her spouse, minor sons, unmarried daughters, minor brothers, unmarried sisters, father, mother and other relatives residing with him or her and dependent on him or her for their livelihood; and includes "nuclear family" consisting of a person, his or her spouse and minor children. • Project Affected Person (PAP): Any tenure holder, tenant, Government lessee or owner of other property, or non-titleholder who on account of the project has been affected from such land including plot in the abadi or other property in the affected area will be considered as PAP. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 23 Table – 5.1: Management Measures to Address Potential Social Issues No. Potential Issues Management Measures For Trenche-1, this is not a major issue as land for construction of proposed transmission and distribution substations are already available with MSPCL except for Thoubal where fresh land is needed (refer Table -5.3). MSPCL shall secure/acquire the required land 1 Loss of land either through direct purchase on willing buyer & willing seller basis on negotiated rate or by invoking provisions of RFCTLARRA, 2013. However, efforts will be made to secure such land wherein possibility of physical relocation/displacement is not envisaged. As per existing law, land for tower/pole and right of way is not Change in land use acquired and agricultural activities are allowed to continue after and population construction activity and MSPCL pays compensation for all 2 relocation due to damages including cost of land below tower to its owner without towers/poles acquiring it. Hence change in land use and resultant relocation of people is not envisaged in T&D projects. Due to inherent flexibility in locating substation and very small size of land, MSPCL avoids habituated area completely hence no relocation of population on account of setting up of substation is envisaged. Moreover, as brought out above fresh acquisition of land is required only in case of one substation i.e Thoubal substation. Hence no major issue is anticipated. However, securing lands may be an issue for subsequent investments under future tranches as well as those supported with other sources of finance. Keeping in this in view, and in case, lands may have to be secured, the same it can be accomplished through following three methods; i. Purchase of land on willing buyer & Willing Seller basis on Change in land use negotiated rate; and population ii. Voluntary Donation; and 3 iii. Involuntary Acquisition. relocation for substations In case of procurement of land through private purchase, MSPCL shall ensure that compensation/rate for land is not less than the rate provided in the new land acquisition act, 2013. In order to comply with this provision MSPCL may organize an awareness camp where provisions of new act in respect of basis/modalities of compensation calculation shall be explained to land owners with specific State provision if any. In the case of voluntary donation of land, the following shall be ensured: • The land user(s) will not be subjected to undue pressure for parting of land; Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 24 No. Potential Issues Management Measures • All out efforts shall be made to avoid any physical relocation/displacement due to loss of land; • The MSPCL shall facilitate in extending ‘gratitude’ to the land donor(s) in lieu of the ‘contribution’ if so agreed. The same shall be documented and monitored for compliance. • All land donations (as well as purchases) will be subject to a review/ approval from a committee comprising representatives of different sections including those from the IA and GoMan. Involuntary land acquisitions will be as per the new RFCTLARR Act of 2013. Land for tower and right of way is not acquired as agricultural activities can continue. However, the project shall pay full compensation to all the affected persons/ community for any damages sustained during the execution of work. Accordingly, 4 Right of Way MSPCL has formulated appropriate management plan in the form of Compensation Plan for Temporary Damage (CPTD) to minimize the damages and provide compensation plan for temporary damages in consultation with the state government and affected persons and/ or community. The population of Manipur as per census 2011 was 2721756. The Scheduled Tribes (STs) population consists nearly 35% of the total population in the State. The project is being implemented in the tribal areas (Fifth Schedule provision of the Indian Constitution) of Manipur and bulk of the beneficiaries are expected to be tribal. Thus, the need for a separate Tribal Peoples’ Development Framework/ Plan (TPDP) as per O.P.4.10 is not required under this 5 Impact on Tribal project. Irrespective of this, Fifth Schedule provision stipulates that all projects do need to secure prior consent of Hill /Village Councils. Hence, consultations will be carried out in these areas to obtain consent as necessary before initiating project activity in the area. Further Tribal Development Framework as well as Tribal Development Plan is enshrined in RFCTLARRA, 2013 which makes consultations in tribal areas mandatory and provides for enhanced entitlements for the tribal people. Women involvement will be planned through formal and informal Gender/ women 6 group consultations so that their participation is ensured during participation preparation and implementation of the project. Induced secondary MSPCL operations are short-lived and do not induce secondary 7 development during developments during construction. construction Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 25 No. Potential Issues Management Measures During construction the health and safety aspects of workers and Health and safety of nearby community shall be implemented through contractors with 8 worker/employee/co due diligence and compliance of required regulation/guideline mmunity through a safety plan MSPCL uses best available technology for lines and do not cause any hazards to health and safety. “Chance finds” or Possibilities of such phenomenon in T&D project are quite remote discovery of any due to limited and shallow excavations. However, in case of such 9 archaeological findings, MSPCL will follow the laid down procedure in the artifacts, treasure etc. Section-4 of Indian Treasure Trove Act, 1878 as amended in1949. during excavation Inter-Agency Exclusive bodies will be set up at state/ district levels for over- 10 Coordination seeing, reviewing and guiding the project 42 Implementation viz., operationalization of the management measures necessarily needs to be done in the realm of regional/ national/ international legal and regulatory stipulations. The same is discussed below. 5.5 Legal and Regulatory Framework 43 The applicable acts, regulations, and relevant policies in the context of the project are presented in Table- 5.2. The Project Authority will ensure that project implementation are consistent with provision of such legal framework. Table – 5.2 : Legal and Regulatory Provisions - Social Acts, Regulations No. Relevance/ Applicability to the project and Policies 1. Constitutional Provisions 5th Schedule of the It provides Special Power to AHDC of MAHDC Area for support/ Constitution & The development of Tribal population. Any developmental activity Manipur (Hill sited in MAHDC area needs their consent. 1 Areas) District At the State level there is Hill Area Committee comprises of all Council Act, 1971 MLA elected from the hill areas of the State as its members. At the (MAHDC) District level, there are Autonomous Districts Councils (ADCs). II. Provisions Law of the Land/Rules The Act provides for enhanced compensation and assistances The Right to Fair measures and adopts a more consultative and participatory Compensation and approach in dealing with the Project Affected Persons. As and when Transparency in Land this Act becomes effective and adopted by the State of Manipur 2. Acquisition, then MSPCL, GoMan too shall be bound by and would need to Rehabilitation and comply with relevant provisions of the Act. The salient features of Resettlement Act, the provisions of the new RFCTLARRA, 2013 are given in 2013 Annexure- 3. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 26 Acts, Regulations No. Relevance/ Applicability to the project and Policies Prior approval of the Govt. of Manipur (GoManan) under section (u/s) 68(1) of EA, 2003 is a mandatory requirement to undertake any new transmission project in the State (In Manipur, transmission of power in 33kV Grid is considered to be sub-transmission System) which authorizes MSPCL to plan and coordinate activities to commission a new Transmission/sub-Transmission project. Electricity Act, 2003 3. Under Section 164:- GoManan, may by order in writing, authorize (EA, 2003) MSPCL for the placing of electric line for the transmission of electricity confer upon licensee (i.e. MSPCL) in the business of supplying electricity under this act subject to such conditions and restrictions, if any, as GoMan may think fit to impose and to the provisions of the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885, any of the power which the Telegraph authority possesses. The salient features of the Electricity Act 2003 are given in Annexure-4. In case of agricultural or private land damages, Section-67 and or Section-68 (5 & 6) of the Electricity Act, 2003 and Section-10 of Rights of Way (RoW) 4. the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 if vested with power under section and Compensation 164 of the Electricity Act are followed for assessment and payment of compensation towards such damage. The act recognizes and vests the forest rights and occupation in forest land to forest dwelling. Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers who have been residing in such forests for generations but whose rights could not be recorded, and provides for a framework for recording the forest rights so vested The Scheduled Tribes and the nature of evidence required for such recognition and vesting and Other Traditional in respect of forest land. Forest Dwellers 5. (Recognition of The definitions of forest dwelling Schedule Tribes, forestland, Forest Rights) Act, forest rights, forest villages, etc. have been included in Section 2 of 2006 the Act. The Union Ministry of Tribal Affairs is the nodal agency for implementation of the Act while field implementation is the responsibility of the government agencies. The applicability of this act has also been linked with forest clearance process under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 w.e.f. August 2009 by MoEF which MSPCL need to comply with. The Act provides for setting out the practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and The Right to 6. accountability in the working of every public authority, the Information Act, 2005 constitution of a Central Information Commission and State Information Commissions and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 27 Acts, Regulations No. Relevance/ Applicability to the project and Policies The act provides for procedures to be followed in case of finding of any treasure, archaeological artifacts’ etc. during excavation. Indian Treasure Trove 7. Act, 1878 as amended Possibilities of such discoveries are quite remote due to limited and in 1949 shallow excavations. However, in case of such findings, MSPCL will follow the laid down procedure in the Section-4 of act. III. World Bank OP (Operational Policy) This policy covers direct economic and social impacts that both result from Bank-assisted investment projects, and are caused by the involuntary taking of land. To avoid or minimize involuntary OP 4.12 – Involuntary resettlement and, where this is not feasible, assist displaced persons 8. Resettlement in improving or at least restoring their livelihoods and standards of living in real terms relative to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher This policy contributes to the Bank's mission of poverty reduction and sustainable development by ensuring that the development process fully respects the dignity, human rights, economies, and cultures of Indigenous Peoples. The Bank provides project financing only where free, prior, and informed consultation results in broad community support to the project by the affected Indigenous Peoples. Such Bank-financed projects include measures OP 4.10 – to (a) avoid potentially adverse effects on the Indigenous Peoples’ 9. Indigenous Peoples communities; or (b) when avoidance is not feasible, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for such effects Bank-financed projects are also designed to ensure that the Indigenous Peoples receive social and economic benefits that are culturally appropriate and gender and inter generationally inclusive. The project shall ascertain broad community support for the project based on social assessment and free prior and informed consultation with the affected Tribal community, if any. 5.6 Mitigation Measures 44 The likely/associated social impact of transmission & distribution line projects are not far reaching and are mostly localized to near vicinity/ ROW. Many such impacts can be minimized through careful route selection and siting of substations. Sound design/ engineering variations also play a major role in planning effective mitigative measures depending upon the site situation/location. The major social issues that need attention and proper care under this project are as follows; a) Substation: Under Tranche-1, fresh land is only needed in case Thoubal substation as the required land for other substations is already available with MSPCL. MSPCL shall secure/acquire the Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 28 required land either through direct purchase on willing buyer & willing seller basis on negotiated rate or by invoking provisions of RFCTLARRA, 2013. However, efforts will be made to secure such land wherein possibility of physical relocation/displacement is not envisaged. Details of land availability status of substations is provided in Table – 5.3 : Table - 5.3: Land Availability for Substation Sl. Name of the substation Scope of work Land Status No. A. Transmission Substations 1 132/33 kV Gamphajol New 2 132/33 kV Thoubal New Except Thoubal, land for all 3 132/33 kV Ningthoukhong Augmentation substations are already available with 4 132/33 kV Kongba Augmentation MSPCL. 5 132/33 kV Rengpang Augmentation 6 132/33 kV Jiribam Augmentation B. Distribution Substations 1 33/11 kV Distribution New/ Land are already available with Substation (34 Nos.) Augmentation MSPCL Thus, ‘lands’ is not a major issue for Tranche-1. However, securing lands may be an issue for subsequent investments under future tranches as well as those supported with other sources of finance. Keeping in this in view, and in case, lands may have to be secured, the same it can be accomplished through following three methods; i) Purchase of land on willing buyer & Willing Seller basis on negotiated rate; ii) Voluntary Donation; and iii) Involuntary Acquisition. 47 In case of procurement of land through private purchase, MSPCL shall ensure that compensation/rate for land is not less than the rate provided in the new land acquisition act, 2013. In order to comply with this provision MSPCL may organize an awareness camp where provisions of new act in respect of basis/modalities of compensation calculation shall be explained to land owners with specific State provision if any. 48 In case of voluntary donation of land the following shall be ensured: • The land user(s) will not be subjected to undue pressure for parting of land; • All out efforts shall be made to avoid any physical relocation/displacement due to loss of land; • The MSPCL shall facilitate in extending ‘gratitude’ to the land donor(s) in lieu of the ‘contribution’ if so agreed. The same shall be documented and monitored for compliance. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 29 • All land donations (as well as purchases) will be subject to a review/ approval from a committee comprising representatives of different sections including those from the IA and GoMan. 49 In case of land acquired through involuntary acquisition, provisions of RFCTLARRA, 2013 shall be adopted. RFCTLARRA, 2013 has replaced the old Land Acquisition Act, 1894 and has come into force from 1st January 2014. The new act i.e. RFCTLARRA, 2013 authorizes State Govt. (i.e. GoMan) or its authorized Government agency to complete the whole process of acquisition of private land including Social Impact Assessment (SIA), Action Plan for R&R (i.e. Rehabilitation and Resettlement) & its implementation and the MSPCL’s responsibility is limited to identification and selection of suitable land based on technical requirement and ensuring budget allocation. 5.8 Safeguards against land acquisition: 50 Conducting Social Impact Assessments (SIA) has been made mandatory under this new act and results of these assessments are shared with all the stakeholders and public hearing held which makes the process transparent and informed. Subsequently, an entitlement package that includes both compensation (for land/structure and assets to land and structure) and R&R as necessary is prepared. Further to this individual awards are passed and all documents are disclosed in the public domain through local administration and internet. 51 The flow chart of the land acquisition process with schedule prescribed for various activities is illustrated in Figure – 5.1 below. The entitlements with regard to compensation and assistances towards land acquisition or loss of any assets or livelihood for all categories of people being affected due to land acquisition is briefly outlined in Table – 5.4 & 5.5 below. Table - 5.4 : Minimum Compensation for Land Acquisition B. Comprehensive Compensation Package (First Schedule) Eligibility for Entitlement Provisions The affected families Determination of Compensation :  Land Owners: 3. Market value of the land 2. Family or company whose • as specified in the Indian Stamp Act, 1899 land/other immovable or properties have been • the average of the sale price for similar type of land situated in acquired; the village or vicinity, or 2.Those who are assigned • consented amount of compensation as agreed in case of land by the Governments acquisition of lands for private companies or for public private under various schemes; partnership project. whichever is higher Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 30 B. Comprehensive Compensation Package (First Schedule) Eligibility for Entitlement Provisions 3.Right holders under the Market value x Multiplier* between 1 to 2 in rural areas only Forest Rights Act, 2006 (No multiplier in urban areas). 2. Value of the assets attached to land: Building/Trees/Wells/Crop etc. as valued by relevant govt. authority; Total compensation = 1+2 3. Solatium: 100% of total compensation (*) Precise scale shall be determined by the State Govt. The indicative values of multiplier factor based on distance from urban areas as provided in the act. Radial Distance from Urban area (Km) Multiplier Factor 0-10 1.00 10-20 1.20 20-30 1.40 30-40 1.80 40-50 2.00 Table - 5.5: Minimum R&R Entitlement Framework A Comprehensive R&R Package (Second Schedule) Sl. Elements of R& R Provision No. Entitlements Subsistence grant/ allowance 1. Rs. 3000 per month per family for 12 months for displaced families (d) Where jobs are created through the project, mandatory employment for one member per affected family or (e) Rupees 5 lakhs per family; or The affected families shall be 2. (f) Rupees 2000 per month per family as annuity for 20 entitled to: years, with appropriate index for inflation; The option of availing (a) or (b) or (c) shall be that of the affected family iii) A constructed house shall be provided as per the Indira Awas Yojana specifications. Housing units for iv) A constructed house shall be provided, which will be displacement: not less than 50 sq. mts. in plinth area. ii) If a house is lost in rural In either case the equivalent cost of the house may also 3. areas: be provided in lieu of the house as per the preference of ii) If a house is lost in urban the project affected family. areas The stamp duty and other fees payable for registration of the house allotted to the affected families shall be borne by the Requiring Body. Transportation cost for 4. Rs 50,000/- per affected family displaced families Resettlement Allowance (for 5. Onetime Rs 50,000/- per affected family displaced families) 6. Cattle shed/ petty shop cost Onetime financial assistance as appropriate for construction Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 31 A Comprehensive R&R Package (Second Schedule) Sl. Elements of R& R Provision No. Entitlements as decided by St. Govt. subject to minimum of Rs.25,000/- Artisan/small traders/others Onetime financial assistance as appropriate as decided by 7. (in case of displacement) St. Govt. subject to minimum of Rs.25,000/- Special Provisions for SCs/STs: In addition to the R&R package, SC/ST families will be entitled to the following additional benefits: 8. One time financial assistance of Rs. 50,000 per family; 9. Families settled outside the district shall be entitled to an additional 25% R&R benefits; 10. Payment of one third of the compensation amount at very outset; 11. Preference in relocation and resettlement in area in same compact block; 12. Free land for community and social gatherings; 13. In case of displacement, a Development Plan is to be prepared 14. Continuation of reservation and other Schedule V and Schedule VI area benefits from displaced area to resettlement area. FIGURE -5.1: ACTIVITY CHART RFCTLARRA, 2013 Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 32 b) Right of Way: Land for tower and right of way is not acquired and agricultural activities are allowed to continue. However, the law stipulates that the licensee shall have to pay full compensation to all interested for any damages sustained during the execution of work. Accordingly, MSPCL has formulated appropriate management plan in the form of Compensation Plan for Temporary Damage (CPTD) in ESPP to minimize the damages and provide compensation plan for temporary damages in consultation with revenue department and affected person based on assessment. (Annexure-5). c) Tribal People: The population of Manipur as per census 2011 was 27, 21,756. The Scheduled Tribes (STs) population consists nearly 35 % of the total population in the State. The project is being implemented in the tribal areas (Fifth Schedule provision of the Indian Constitution) of Manipur and bulk of the beneficiaries are expected to be tribal. Thus, the need for a separate Tribal Peoples’ Development Framework/ Plan (TPDP) as per O.P.4.10 is not required under this project. Irrespective of this, Fifth Schedule provision stipulates that all projects do need to secure prior consent by TAC who in turn will consult and secure consent from the village councils. Further Tribal Development Framework as well as Tribal Development Plan is enshrined in RFCTLARRA, 2013 which makes consultations in tribal areas mandatory and provides for enhanced entitlements for the tribal people. d) Gender: Women will be involved through formal and informal consultations so that their participation is ensured during preparation and implementation of the project. To enable this, efforts will be made to deploy as many women community volunteers as possible and conduct gender sensitization capacity building programs for all the project staff. 5.9 Health and Safety Requirements 52 MSPCL maintains safety as a top priority, apart from various labour laws dealing with workers’ health and safety, such as the Workmen’s Compensation Act. MSPCL ensures the implementation of health and safety as per the norms the said act which is an integral part of the contractors’ activities. EHS guidelines of MSPCL (Annexure-6 for detailed checklist) are developed on the basis of World Bank EHS guidelines to be adopted by MSPCL. 5.10 Exposure to Electro Magnetic Fields (EMF) 53 There have been some concerns about the possibility of an increased risk of cancer from exposure to electromagnetic radiation from overhead transmission lines. However, a review by the World Health Organization (WHO) held as part of the International EMF Project (1996), concluded that: Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 33 54 “From the current scientific literature there is no convincing evidence that exposure to radiation field shortens the life span of humans or induces or promotes cancer”. 55 Currently no EMF exposure guidelines have been framed in the country. However, international guidelines in this regard are detailed below: ― State Transmission Lines Standards and Guidelines in the USA; ― International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP); ― US National Council on Radiation; and ― American Conference on Government and Industrial Hygiene (ACGIH). 56 The ICNIRP guideline for the general public (up to 24 hours a day) is a maximum exposure level of 1,000 mG or 100 µT. MSPCL shall follow the best international practices while designing its system to maintain acceptable prescribed EMF level. 5.11 General Safety Standards 57 MSPCL will follow all applicable standards concerned with safety for transmission, distribution and erection of Substation. These include IS: 5613 – recommendation on safety procedures and practices in electrical work as per CEA (Measures relating to Safety and Electric Supply) Regulation, 2010 notified in the Gazette on 20th Sept. 2010 (Annexure-7). Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 34 6. Issues, Impacts and Management Measures - Environment 58 Environmental issues of T&D projects are manageable given the inherently small ‘foot print’ of towers and flexibility in siting facilities within a relatively large host area and are mostly localized to ROW. However, transmission line project may have some adverse effects on natural resources. These impacts can be minimized by careful route selection and siting of substations. In order to get latest information and further optimization of route, modern survey techniques/tools like GIS, GPS aerial photography are also applied. Introduction of GIS and GPS/Google earth/IBAT in route selection result in access to updated / latest information, through satellite images and further optimization of route having minimal environmental impact. Moreover, availability of various details, constraints like topographical and geotechnical details, forest and environmental details help in planning the effective mitigation measures including engineering variations depending upon the site situation / location. In the instant project also these techniques are to be used for minimizing/mitigating such issues. 6.1 Environmental issues A) Transmission/Distribution lines 59 The key environmental issues associated with installation of transmission/distribution lines are: 1) Clearing of Trees within Right of Way 60 Right of Way (RoW) width for the transmission/distribution line depends on the line voltage. The maximum permissible width of RoW on forest land and minimum clearance between Trees and conductors as specified in IS: 5613 and by MoEF guidelines are given in Table 6.1. 61 At present, a width clearance of 3 m is allowed below each conductor for the movement of tension stringing equipment (Annexure-8). Trees on such strips are felled/lopped to facilitate stringing and maintenance of RoW. After completion of stringing, natural regeneration or dwarf tree/medicinal tree plantation is allowed to a certain height. Trimming or pruning is done with the permission from the local forest officer to maintain required electric clearance as necessary during operation and maintenance. In hilly areas where adequate clearance is already available, tree will not be cut/felled in 3 meter strip beneath for RoW except working clearance as stringing is done manually only. As compared to transmission line, distribution line requires only small right of way and therefore felling of trees is much less than that requires for laying of transmission lines. Generally stringing of distribution line is carried out manually and therefore trimming/pruning of tree Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 35 branches are only required instead of large nos. tree cutting Felling, lopping of tree can open up forest canopy allowing more sunlight into understorey where it can lead to edge effect and allow for proliferation of socio-phytic weeds. This can have added repercussions within a semi evergreen or evergreen biotope. Table 6.1: RoW Clearance between Conductors and Trees Transmission Voltage Max. ROW Minm. Clearance (in meters) betwee (In kV) (In Meters) conductor & Trees * 11 7 2.6 33 15 2.8 66 18 3.4 110 22 3.7 132 27 4.0 220 35 4.6 400 D/C & S/C 46 5.5 * As per IS: 5613 and MoEF guidelines finalized in consultation with CEA 2) Clearing of Ground Vegetation for Movement of Machinery Machinery and equipment is used for installation of transmission and distribution lines, towers/poles and construction of substations and may require clearing of ground vegetation for its movement. This activity causes temporary disturbance to the forest, orchards, plantation and agriculture etc. MSPCL wherever possible utilises the existing path / access roads for the movement of man and machinery. The existing roads which cannot support heavy machinery load are upgraded and thus the village infrastructure is improved. In areas where lines traverse agricultural land, compensation is paid to owners for any crop damage incurred as a result of construction activities. Agricultural activities are allowed to continue following the construction period. If bunds or other on-farm works are disturbed during construction or maintenance, they are restored to the owner's satisfaction following cessation of construction or maintenance activities. In the event that private trees are felled during construction or maintenance operations, compensation is paid to the owner as determined by the forest / horticulture departments. 3) Aesthetic appeal of an area: Erection of transmission/distribution towers and lines affects the aesthetics of the area. B) Substations 62 The key environmental issues associated with construction of substation are: Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 36 1) Clearing of Ground Vegetation: The land requirement for substations varies from 0.3 acres to 10 acres depending upon no. of bays. The ground vegetation needs to be cleared to enable construction activity. 2) Used Transformer Oil: As a part of routine maintenance, transformer oil is changed every 10-15 years. The used transformer oil is categorized as hazardous wastes as per Hazardous waste (Management, Handling and Trans-boundary) Rules, 2008 and its unscientific disposal in environment may lead to soil and water contamination. 3) Used Battery: Used lead acid battery is a pollutant and therefore its improper handling & disposal may lead to contamination of soil and water. 4) E-waste: The Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE) have hazardous / toxics substances in their components which may cause harm/pose risk to health and environment during handling after its expiry and full usage. 5) SF 6 gas is a highly potential Green House Gas (GHG) being used in Circuit Breaker. Mishandling and leakage etc can lead to its escape into the atmosphere causing global warming. 6.2 Principles 63 The basic principles that guide EMF are: ― Avoidance environmentally sensitive areas while planning project activities; ― Minimization of impacts when project activities occur in environmentally sensitive areas; and ― Mitigation of any unavoidable negative impacts arising out of its projects. ― Greater transparency through involvement of community and other stakeholders 6.3 Definitions “Adverse environmental effect” means any irreversible harmful effect on natural environment; “Environment” means land, water, air, living organisms and interacting natural systems “Environmental assessment” means the process of assessing the environmental effects of a project in order to evaluate their significance, and may include identifying measures to prevent, minimize, mitigate or compensate for adverse environmental and social effects. Environmental and social assessment is the responsibility of the project sponsor; “Mitigation measures” means methods to reduce, eliminate or compensate for adverse environmental and social effects; Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 37 6.4 Legal and Regulatory Framework 64 The applicable acts, regulations, and relevant policies in the context of the project are presented in Table- 6.2. The Project Authority will ensure that project activities implemented are consistent with provisions of such legal framework Table – 6.2 : Legal and Regulatory Provisions – Environment Sl. Acts, notifications Relevance/ Applicability to the project No. and policies I. Constitutional Provisions (India) The State shall endeavor to protect and improve the environment a Article 48 A and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country. It shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve b Article 51 A (g) the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures. II. Provisions Law of the Land/Rules Prior approval of the Govt. of Manipur (GoMan) under section (u/s) 68(1) of EA, 2003 is a mandatory requirement to undertake any new transmission project in the State (In Manipur, transmission of power in 33kV Grid is considered to be sub-transmission System) which authorizes MSPCL to plan and coordinate activities to commission a new Transmission/sub-Transmission project. Electricity Act, 1. 2003 (EA, 2003) Under Section 164:- GoMan, may by order in writing, authorize MSPCL for the placing of electric line for the transmission of electricity confer upon licensee (i.e. MSPCL) in the business of supplying electricity under this act subject to such conditions and restrictions, if any, as GoM may think fit to impose and to the provisions of the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885, any of the power which the Telegraph authority possesses. This Act provides for the conservation of forests and regulates the diversion of forest land to non-forestry purpose. When any transmission/distribution line traverses forest land, prior clearance is Forest mandatorily required from Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), GoI under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. The 2 (Conservation) Act, 1980 approval process of forest clearance in brief, as per set procedure in the guideline under the act and rules is shown in Figure 6.1 below. Flow charts for forest clearance process and procedure of online submission of application are provided in Annexure-9 & 9a respectively. The Scheduled The act recognizes and vests the forest rights and occupation in Tribes and Other forest land to forest dwelling. Scheduled Tribes and other traditional 3. Traditional Forest forest dwellers who have been residing in such forests for Dwellers generations but whose rights could not be recorded, and provides for Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 38 Sl. Acts, notifications Relevance/ Applicability to the project No. and policies (Recognition of a framework for recording the forest rights so vested and the nature Forest Rights) Act, of evidence required for such recognition and vesting in respect of 2006 forest land. The definitions of forest dwelling Schedule Tribes, forestland, forest rights, forest villages, etc. have been included in Section 2 of the Act. The Union Ministry of Tribal Affairs is the nodal agency for implementation of the Act while field implementation is the responsibility of the government agencies. The applicability of this act has also been linked with forest clearance process under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 w.e.f. August 2009 by MoEF which MSPCL need to comply with. It is umbrella legislation for the protection and improvement of environment. This Act as such is not applicable to transmission/ Environment distribution projects of MSPCL. Project categories specified under 4. (Protection) Act, the schedule of the EIA notification is provided in Annexure-10. 1986 Even then some limited compliance measures notified under this EPA, 1986 are to be adhered to relevant rules and regulations under the EPA, 1986 applicable to the operations of MSPCL. Ozone Depleting Substances As per the notification, certain control and regulation has been i) (Regulation and imposed on manufacturing, import, export, and use of these Control) Rules, compounds. 2000 As per notification, Being a bulk consumer MSPCL to ensure that the Batteries used batteries are disposed to dealers, manufacturer, registered (Management and ii) recycler, re-conditioners or at the designated collection centers only. A Handling) Rules, half-yearly return is to be filed as per Form-8 (Annexure-11) to the 2001 Manipur State Pollution Control Board As per notification, used oil is categorized as hazardous waste and require proper handling, storage and disposed only to authorized disposal facility (registered recyclers/ reprosessors) Being a bulk user, Hazardous Wastes MSPCL shall comply with provision of said rules. MSPCL, as bulk (Management, user of transformer oil which is categorized as Hazardous Waste, Handling and shall comply with the provisions of the said rules (refer Annexure- iii) Transboundary 12 for MoEF notification dated 24th September 2008) if the practice Movement) Rules, of storing of used oil is maintained. In case it is decided to outsource 2008 the process of recycle of used oil to registered recycler as per the provisions of notification then MSPCL shall submit the desired return in prescribed form to concerned State Pollution Control Board at the time of disposal of used oil. E-waste As per notification, bulk consumers like MSPCL is to dispose e- iv) (Management and waste generated by them in environmentally sound manner by Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 39 Sl. Acts, notifications Relevance/ Applicability to the project No. and policies Handling) Rules, channelizing to authorized collection centers/ registered dismantler/ 2011 recyclers/return to producers. MSPCL, being a bulk consumer of electrical and electronics equipment’s shall maintain record as per Form-2 (Annexure-13) for scrutiny by State Pollution Control Board. This act is not directly applicable to transmission projects because it deals with the conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its components and fair and equitable sharing of the benefits 5 Biological arising out of the use of biological resources, knowledge and for Diversity Act, 2002 matters connected therewith. MSPCL abides by the provision of the act wherever applicable, and avoids Biosphere Reserves during route alignment. The Act provides for setting out the practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the The Right to control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and 6 Information Act, accountability in the working of every public authority, the 2005 constitution of a Central Information Commission and State Information Commissions and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. In case of agricultural or private land the provisions of section- 67 Rights of and or section-68 (5 & 6) of the Electricity Act, 2003 and section- 7 Way(RoW) and 10 of the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 are followed for assessment Compensation and payment of compensation towards such damages The MoEF has enacted Manipur Loktak Lake (Protection) Act, 2006 to protect Loktak Lake as it comes in Category “A” list of wetlands Schedule I at Serial Number 11 of Central Wetlands Regulatory The Manipur Authority. As per this Law, the area shall extend to whole 236.21 sq Loktak Lake 8. km comprising large pockets of open water. and marshy land (Protection) Act, formed at the southern part of the Imphal Valley up to the 2006 confluence of Manipur River and Khuga in the districts of West Imphal and Bishnupur. No development projects can be established in this defined area. Vide this Act Autonomous Hill District Councils (AHDC) of Manipur are empowered to maintain and manage the property: The Manipur movable and immovable, and institutions under their jurisdiction (Hill Areas) (e.g. in the field of agriculture, animal husbandry, community 9. District Council development, social and tribal welfare, village planning, Act, 1971 management of any forest except RF, regulation of the Jhum /shifting cultivation or any other matter.) Any activity sited in MAHDC area needs consent from village councils. The Ancient The Act provides for procedures to be followed in case of the 10. protected area or the protected monument as the case may be, and Monuments and Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 40 Sl. Acts, notifications Relevance/ Applicability to the project No. and policies Archaeological extending to a distance of one hundred meters in all Directions. Sites and Remains (Amendment and Validation) Act, 2010 III World Bank OP (Operational Policy) OP- 4.01: To ensure the environmental and social soundness and sustainability 1 Environmental of investment projects. Support integration of environmental and Assessment social aspects of projects in the decision-making process. To promote sustainable development by supporting the protection, OP- 4.04: Natural 2 conservation, maintenance, and rehabilitation of natural habitats and Habitats their functions. To preserve PCR and in avoiding their destruction or damage. PCR OP-4.11: Physical includes resources of archeological, paleontological, historical, 3 Cultural Resources architectural, and religious (including graveyards and burial sites), (PCR) aesthetic, or other cultural significance. To realize the potential of forests to reduce poverty in a sustainable manner, integrate forests effectively into sustainable economic 4 OP-4.36: Forests development, and protect the vital local and global environmental services and values of forests Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 41 Figure 6.1: Approval Process of Forest Clearance Note: MoEF has made online submission of application mandatory w.e.f. 15th August 2014 (refer Annexure-9a). 6.5 Assessment of Environment Impact 65 This section identifies the potential environment impacts due to intervention of project in terms of the nature, magnitude, extent and location, timing and duration of the anticipated impacts. These impacts are both positive or negative relating to the project design stage, construction stage or the project operation and decommissioning stage; i. Positive Impacts • Less dependence on fossil fuels including firewood, charcoal etc. ii. Negative Impacts • Impacts on Vegetation/forest • Impacts on Wildlife Habitats and Migratory Birds • Impacts on Drainage, Soil erosion Water Resources Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 42 • Impacts on Traffic and Road Infrastructure • Impacts from Solid/ Liquid Wastes, Oil spillage • Effect of Electric and Magnetic Fields • Air Quality, Noise and Vibration • SF 6 Gas leakage to atmosphere • Health & Safety • Impacts on Aviation and Communication 6.6 Management Framework 66 Based on the outcome of impact assessment appropriate management measures has been suggested in ESPP for implementation to mitigate the possible impacts due to proposed project interventions. While for positive impacts enhancement measures are suggested; for negative impacts suitable mitigation measures has been included. Detailed of potential environment issues and its management measures are outlined in ESPP. Apart from this, MSPCL has developed an Environment Management Plan (EMP) which includes details of anticipated impacts along with mitigation measures, monitoring and implementation schedule for its transmission and distribution projects. The EMP provisions shall be made part of bidding/contract document for proper implementation by the Contractor. Summary of key potential environmental issues and its management measures is presented below in Table 6.3. Table 6.3: Potential Environment issues and its Management Measures Sl. No Potential Issues Management Measures MSPCL endeavors to circumvent / lessen environmentally sensitive areas such as forest and other Minimizing adverse impact 1 ecologically fragile / sensitive areas through on forests optimization of route including use of modern tools like GIS/GPS and other modern techniques. 2. Use of extended/special tower to reduce RoW and Clearing/Lopping of trees impact on trees To minimize damage to vegetation and habitat  Vegetation damage fragmentation, MSPCL utilizes hand clearing and 3.  Habited Loss transportation of tower material by head loads into forestland and other land as well, wherever possible. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 43 Sl. No Potential Issues Management Measures MSPCL maintains only a 3m wide strip for O&M and  Habitat fragmentation allows for regeneration of vegetation in the other one or 4.  Edge effect on flora & two strips and beneath the transmission lines to avoid fauna habitat fragmentation and edge effect. In hilly area this can possibly be totally avoided MSPCL would ensure that all cut and fill slopes in TL/DL are adequately protected using standard Erosion of soil and drainage engineering practices including bio-engineering 5. along the cut and fill slopes techniques wherever feasible. All drainage channels in hilly areas along or inside substations shall be trained and connected to main or existing drainage to avoid any erosion due to uncontrolled flow of water. Chemical contamination from 6. MSPCL does not use chemicals for forest chemical maintenance clearance/RoW maintenance techniques Poly- Chloro-Biphenyls MSPCL use mineral oil in electrical equipment’s. 7. (PCBs) in electrical Specification of oil containing PCB less 2 mg/kg (non – equipment detectable level) stated in the tender document Induced secondary MSPCL operations are short-lived and do not induce 8. development during secondary developments during construction construction Avian hazards mostly encountered in bird sanctuaries area and fly path of migratory bird predominantly Avian hazards from related to nesting site. Although the incidence of avian 9. transmission/distribution hazards is rare due to the distance between the lines and towers conductors. MSPCL shall take all possible precaution to avoid these areas by careful route selection. However, bird guards are provided to prevent any avian hazards. There is no elephant corridor as such in Manipur. The Anko Range in Manipur has about 50 elephants, which is contiguous with those of the Somra tract of Myanmar. Chances of accident involving However, if some movements are repeatedly noticed (in 10. elephant in the specified stray cases), MSPCL shall try suitable design corridor due to placing of modification in the pole of 33kV line like provision of poles spike guards, barbed wire fencing or any other arrangement and shall incorporate the same in such location, if required. MSPCL as per the requirement of IS 5613 of July’94 Air craft hazards from 11. provides aviation markers, night-lights for easy transmission lines and towers identification of towers in notified/selected areas. During construction the health and safety aspects of workers and nearby community shall be implemented Health and safety of 12. through contractors with due diligence and compliance worker/employee/community of required regulation/guideline through a safety plan. MSPCL uses best available technology for lines and do Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 44 Sl. No Potential Issues Management Measures not cause any hazards to health and safety. Fire hazards are mostly occurred in forest area. However, MSPCL uses state of art automatic tripping mechanism for its transmission/distribution and substation that disconnect the line in fraction of seconds 13. to prevent fire hazards. The Forest Department also take Fire Hazards precaution like maintaining fire line in the cleared forest area to avoid spread of fire Firefighting instruments including fire extinguishers are kept in appropriate place for immediate action in case of any fire hazard. Although pollution is not an issue with transmission/ distribution projects still MSPCL will make efforts to 14. Pollution further minimize it. Sites are cleared of all the leftover materials and debris to avoid any chance of pollution. Although leakage of SF6 is not a major issue, MSPCL 15. will make efforts to reduce the leakage through regular GHG (SF 6 Gas) monitoring installing gas pressure monitor/ leak detectors in Circuit Breakers. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 45 7.0 Integration of environment and social management measures into overall project cycle 67 In the previous section, ESPP outlines various management measures to address the potential environment and social impacts based on the outcome of identification and impact assessment process during different stages of project activities. In order to address identified environment and social issues due to proposed project interventions, the suggested management measures has been dovetailed in to the project cycle so that it can be taken care off at appropriate level and at appropriate time (refer ESPP for detail management procedures). Figure - 7.1 and 7.2 below illustrates link between different stages of project cycle and management measures to be undertaken to address the environment and social issues. 7.1 Project Cycle 68 In order to address environmental and social issues arising out of construction, operation and maintenance of transmission and distribution projects in the State of Manipur, it become pertinent to review typical MSPCL’s project cycle so as such issues are attended at appropriate time. The key milestones of such projects cycle are: 1. Project Conceptualization 2. Project Planning 3. Approval 4. Detailed Design and Tendering 5. Project Implementation 6. Operation & Maintenance 7. Review 69 Figure 7.1 outlines the detailed process of typical transmission/distribution project and same is described in subsequent sections. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 46 Figure 7.1: Project Cycle of a Typical Transmission/Distribution Project ― Project Identification ― Feasibility Studies including; Project  Environment & Social Screening & Scoping Conceptualization  Concept Paper ― In-Principle Approval from State Government ― Detailed Survey ― Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) ― Concurrence by State Planning Department ― Final Optimal Route for T/L & DL Project Planning ― Substation/DT Land Identification/Selection ― EAMP/Preparation of IEAR ― Social Assessment of T/L (CPTD) ― Approval from Internal Management(BOD) ― Forest Clearance (If Required) Approvals ― Land Acquisition ― Approval of State Government ― Concurrence of Funding Agencies (If Involved) ― Design, Estimates, and Finalization of Specification ― Tendering and Award of Contracts Detailed Design, ― Engagement of Agency for IEAR & CPTD Implementation (if Tendering and Award needed) ― EMP for Bidding Document ― Check Surveys ― Execution of EAMP & CPTD Project ― Implementation of SIMP by GoMan Implementation ― Testing and commissioning ― Preparation of FEAR (If Required) Operation & ― Preventive Maintenance Maintenance ― Monitoring and Review of IEAR & CPTD Project Review ― Monitoring SIMP implemented by State Government Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 47 7.1.1 Project Conceptualisation 70 The need of addition/augmentation of Transmission & Sub-Transmission network is primarily determined on the basis of demand and future plans in the State. Subsequent to identification based on the above requirements, initial feasibility studies are carried out that includes technicality, environmental, social, economic, and financial assessments. The planning for execution schedule is formulated on prioritizing the project for implementation. During the feasibility study, MSPCL develops various options for the location/siting of transmission/sub-transmission lines and construction of substations considering avoidance of environmentally and socially sensitive area. During desk study various options of line routes are plotted on a Forest Atlas map or SOI (Survey of India) map or Google Earth map using a “BEE Line” (the shortest distance between origin of proposed Transmission/Sub- Transmission Line (TL) and the sub-stations sites) avoiding environmentally and socially sensitive area. At least 3 (three) alternative are marked subject to site verification. With this reference, Reconnaissance survey is taken-up either in-house (walk-over survey with hand-held GPS i.e. Geo-positioning System) or through external agency to find out tentative co-ordinates (spot) and route alignment avoiding any kind of negative impact or minimising the same, out of at least 3 (three) alternatives to have fair assessment of the proposed project and its components. During this process, MSPCL field staffs also consult the people/villagers to explore surroundings and other possibilities. On the basis of assessment and findings, a “Concept Paper” is prepared indicating all components i.e. environmental, social, techno-economic, and financial assessments/cost estimate. In case of transmission project this “Concept Paper” after the appraisal/ recommendation of MSPCL management, is forwarded to Planning Deptt., GoMan for the in- principle approval of Public Investment Board and subsequent Budget allotment or posing to different funding Agency. 7.1.2 Project Planning 71 Planning stage is started with preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR). During detailed survey all critical information/data such as rivers, hills, railway crossings, telephone line, villages, power transmission/ sub-transmission lines and other major offset on both the side of alignment with parameters for ground profile etc are recorded. Additionally, environmental and social details are also noted in the prescribed pro-forma for evaluation of alternatives (Annexure-14). People are also consulted time and again during the survey. 72 During detail survey further attempt is made to minimise involvement of forestland and areas of significant natural resources, human habitation and areas of cultural importance by realigning the Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 48 route for optimization, if possible. If forestland is unavoidable after completion of survey on the finalised route, environmental assessment limited to forest area is undertaken by MSPCL with the help of authorised agencies (Forest Department/GoMan) and formulate forest proposal including its assessment and management plan. Local forest authorities certify that the final route so selected involves the barest minimum of forestland. In case of line passing through forest area controlled by AHDC, prior consent in the form of NOC is obtained from village council. The complete forest proposal is processed and recommended/forwarded by GoMan to MoEF for obtaining forest clearance with an undertaking from MSPCL to bear the cost of compensatory afforestation, NPV etc. as per guidelines. 73 MSPCL shall also identify probable substation sites suiting technical requirement based on data collected as per the checklist (Annexure-1,5) and a comprehensive analysis for each alternative site is carried out. The analysis will consider various site specific parameters that include infrastructure facilities such as access roads, railheads, type of land, namely, Government., revenue, private land, agricultural land; social impacts such as number of families getting affected; including its cost aspect also. This helps in selecting particular land for substation with minimal impact after doing comparison assessment. Thereafter, MSPCL proposes for Land Acquisition other than Govt. land to the GoMan, which in turn process the request as per the RFCTLARRA, 2013 for acquisition. In case of land under AHDC area, chief/headman of village council is approached for obtaining their consent. 74 After identification and assessment of possible impacts, project specific Environment Assessment Management Plan (EAMP) is prepared including the Initial Environment Assessment Report (IEAR) to mitigate adverse impact arising due to project activity. Similarly Social Assessment of transmission line is also undertaken to develop a project specific Management Plan in the form of Compensation Plan for Temporary Damages (CPTD). The CPTD is a document prepared after social assessment of likely impacts on land by installing towers or poles during construction of transmission/distribution lines. The CPTD also contains the compensation procedure for tree/crop/land damages as per the prevailing regulation/guidelines. 7.1.3 Project Approvals 75 The DPR so finalized and recommended by MSPCL management is forwarded to State Government and funding agency (if applicable) for concurrence and fund/budget allocation (Annexure-16). Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 49 7.1.4 Detailed Design and Tendering 76 MSPCL after detailed design, finalization of specifications for line and substation starts the tendering process and contracts are awarded to competent contractors through bidding process. Similarly engagement of agency (if required) for IEAR and CPTD implementation is also undertaken. During bidding process, project specific EMP is included in the contract document for implementation by the contractors/subcontractors. 7.1.5 Project Implementation 77 Before the start of implementation, MSPCL informs the general public about the project and invites their suggestion, if any. When construction starts MSPCL’s field staff and contractors conduct check survey to authenticate tower spotting done in the profile based on detailed survey. If there is any changes necessary, site modification is done/noted in the profile/ datasheets, wherever required for final documentation and resubmission for reference/record. Civil Construction work is then initiated for transmission / sub-transmission line followed by tower/pole erection & stringing. Simultaneously works of substation are also initiated. During the construction stage due care is taken to minimise / mitigate environmental impacts. MSPCL also give utmost importance to health & safety of workers, employees and nearby communities. During construction the health and safety of workers and nearby communities shall be taken care by contractors by compliance of required regulation/guideline through a “Safety Plan” (refer Annexure-6 for checklist for health & safety and Annexure-17 for Safety Plan). Before test charges both transmission/ sub-transmission lines and substations, pre-commissioning check and testing are rigorously done by MSPCL to ensure safety of commissioning of the project/subproject. Implementation of IEAR and CPTD are also to be taken up in parallel to above work. 7.1.6 Operation and Maintenance 78 MSPCL continuously monitors the transmission/ sub transmission lines and substations for smooth operation. These lines and substations are patrolled regularly to identify faults and its rectification. The site offices carry out monitoring of line in accordance with the O & M checklists provided for inspection of transmission/sub-transmission lines and substations (Annexure-18). Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 50 Figure- 7.2: Environmental and Social Management Procedures Project Identification. Conceptualization E&S Screening & Identification E&S issue Scoping Feasibility Study including Environmental & Project Report as part Social Screening and Scoping of Concept Paper  Appraisal of Concept Paper by MSPCL Mgmt.  In-Principle approval by State Government E & S Screening &  Assessment of E & S issues for TL/DL during Project Planning E&S Assessment Scoping for Detailed Survey substation & Social  Preparation of Forest Proposal (if required), Assessment of T/L  Substation Land Identification / Selection  Preparation of IEAR & CPTD Public Consultation as part of IEAR Approval  CMD  MoEF for Forest Project Funding Agency  BOD Clearance (If Applicable) E&S Management  GoMan  GoMan for Land Social Impact Management  Engagement of Agency for EAMP & Detailed Design Plan (SIMP) including SIA, CPTD Implementation(if needed) & Tendering RAP, Public Hearing &  EMP part of Contract/Bidding Disclosure by GoMan as document. Per RFCTLARRA, 2013  Implementation of IEAR/CPTD for TL/DL Implementation Implementation − RoW Clearance E&S Plan Implementation of SIMP by − Compensatory Afforestation Project GoM as per − Crop/Tree Compensation RFCTLARRA, − Public Consultation 2013  Possession of land for Substation  Preparation of FEAR (if required) Supervision & Periodic Performance Review Review by GoMan Maintenance Operation &  MSPCL  Domestic/External Funding Agency Annual Review Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 51 7.2 Project Conceptualization 79 Conceptualisation of a projects/subprojects necessarily entails identification of potential E & S issues that may require evaluation in relation to its nature, magnitude and measures to address them. Screening and scoping process enable this evaluation. Infact, the environmental screening and scoping report forms an integral part of project feasibility study i.e. ‘Concept Paper’, which is put up to State Government for in-principle approval of the project after appraisal/ recommendation of MSPCL management. The E & S issues identification process for any MSPCL project will include the following: • E & S screening and scoping for transmission/distribution lines • Appraisal/approval of Concept paper by Internal Management & State Government. 80 The objectives, process and output of each of these steps are discussed below; 7.2.1 Environment & Social Screening and Scoping for Transmission/Distribution Lines A. Objectives 1) To identify environmentally & social sensitive areas & issues 2) To suggest alternative transmission line routes, if necessary 3) To outline scope of environmental and social assessment B. Process 1) MSPCL through its “Bee” line survey (i.e. a desk review) on Survey of India (SOI) map (topo-sheets) preferably on 1:50,000 Scale, the Forest Atlas and or Google Earth map examine various route options at least 3 (Three) alternatives referring ‘Bee’ line as a guiding one between two or multiple origins of proposed transmission/ sub-transmission line avoiding/minimizing environmentally and socially sensitive areas based on base line data/information. 2) Taking reference to this desk review, a reconnaissance survey in-house or through other agency/ or walk-over survey is undertaken with hand-held GPS for on-site verifications to confirm findings of desk review survey or otherwise. During Recce or W/O survey it may also be possible to identify other better option of route following the criteria of avoidance & minimization, if so the same, after having collected/updated information/data may be considered as another alternative. In addition, environmental and social details are also noted (refer Annexure-14 for Pro-forma to gather relevant environment and social information for transmission lines and substations). Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 52 3) During the process public views and necessary inputs about surroundings/ villages/crops etc. are also necessary and noted for screening/scoping. After comparison and analysis of all E & S parameters so gathered for all alternatives and considering other significant economic benefit associated with the project/subproject, the most optimum route having minimum environment & social impact is selected for further investigation. 4) Site office will consults with state forest departments if the line is passing through forest areas. Revenue authorities will be consulted for their views on revenue/other lands. B. Output 1) Environment & Social screening and scoping as part of Concept Paper which provides details of environmentally sensitive areas, E & S issues etc. apart from technicality, economics and financial assessment of the project. 7.2.2 Approval 81 The Concept Paper after appraisal and recommendation of internal management forwarded to State Government for In-principle approval of the proposed project 7.3 Project Planning 82 During planning stage, detailed survey of entire line is undertaken and route alignment of transmission/distribution line is finalized. Similarly, tentative locations for substations are identified and environment & social screening is conducted. After screening & scoping process of proposed project are completed, specific management plan are prepared by assessing potential impacts of identified E & S issues associated with transmission/sub-transmission lines and substations. Following activities are conducted in this stage.  Environment and Social Screening & Scoping for substation  Environmental Assessment and Management Planning (IEAR)  Social Assessment of Temporary Damages for TL (CPTD) 7.3.1 Environment and Social Screening for substation A. Objectives 1) to identify environmentally & social sensitive areas, E & S issues 2) to outline scope for land acquisition Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 53 B. Process 1) MSPCL identify tentative locations for substation for E & S screening and scoping based on specific parameters information collected from secondary sources including technical requirements as per the checklist (Annexure-15). 2) A broad analysis for each alternative site is also carried out after spot verification by site office to checks that environmentally and socially sensitive areas are not encountered. 3) Site office will consult revenue authorities for their views on selected sites and shortlist the optimum site. 4) In case of land under AHDC area, chief/headman of village council is consulted for obtaining their consent. C. Output 1) Environment & Social screening and scoping document with details of as part of environmentally and socially sensitive areas, E & S issues etc and views of revenue deptt. & extent/feasibility of land acquisition. 7.3.2 Environmental Assessment and Management Planning A. Objectives 1) To prepare EAMP(IEAR) B. Process 1) While finalizing the route alignment during detailed survey, the involvement of forest area is ascertained. If protected areas (Wildlife Sanctuaries, National Parks, Biosphere Reserves, etc.) or any notified/recognized migratory path/fly path is encountered in spite of utmost care/optimization, a separate biodiversity assessment study through an independent expert/agency shall be carried out as part of the Environment Assessment (EA) process. A Terms of Reference that can be tailored to particular situation/concern is placed in Annexure-19. In case of forest involvement, forest proposal is prepared for transmission/ distribution line with the help of Forest Department which includes details of species and girth wise classification of trees to be felled, cost benefit analysis, identified degraded forest land, details of Compensatory Afforestation(CA) enumerated on a map and preparation of CA scheme. Various digitalized map of diverted and CA area, NOC/certificate from DC under FRA, 2006 etc. are submitted along with the forest proposal. In case of forest area Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 54 controlled by AHDC, MSPCL shall obtain NOC from village/district council before the formal process of forest clearance is initiated. 2) Prepare IEAR detailing assessment and review of potential environment and social issues; identified during screening, scoping and formulates an Environment Management Plan (EMP) highlighting management measures to mitigate the same (Annexure–20 for contents of IEAR). 3) Public Consultations are held en-route of line to ascertain public views/suggestion, if any on proposed project. C. Output 1) IEAR detailing assessment and review of potential environment and social issues and associated management measures. 2) Biodiversity Assessment Report (if applicable). 7.3.3 Social Assessment for Temporary Damages for TL (CPTD) A. Objectives 1) To prepare CPTD B. Process 1) MSPCL shall undertake assessment of land area likely to be affected by putting up tower and line and extent of damages during foundation, erection & stringing works. 2) Formulate appropriate management plan to minimize the damages and prepare compensation plan for temporary damages in consultation with revenue Department .and affected person based on above assessment. The CPTD prepared at this stage will be periodically updated based on check survey and finalisation of tower location and its owner during project implementation. C. Output 1) CPTD detailing assessment of temporary damages and associated management measures including compensation plan (refer Annexure-21 for contents of CPTD). 7.4 Project Approval 83 Environment and social management steps are initiated during approvals stage of project cycle. The Detail Project Report including the EAMP after recommendation of internal management Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 55 is forwarded to the State Government and funding agency (if applicable) for concurrence and budget allocation/funding. Procedure of forest clearance (If needed) is initiated by submitting forest proposal to concerned authority. If land acquisition is involved, request/indent for the same is to be placed to State Government as per RFCTLARRA, 2013. During this stage, following activities are undertaken: 7.4.1 Forest Clearance A. Objectives 1) To obtain forest clearance from MoEF B. Process 1) MSPCL submits a forest proposal request through online on MoEF forest clearance web portal (http://forestsclearance.nic.in) 3. On receiving the request Nodal Officer (NO) after scrutiny forward the same to concerned Divisional Forest Officer (DFO) for assessment of the land proposed to be diverted for the transmission/sub-transmission line and for formulation of proposal. 2) After formulation, DFO recommend the proposal to CF (Conservator of Forests) and again send to CCF to NO and PCCF (Principal Chief Conservator of Forests) who will forward it to State Secretary of Forests and finally to MoEF. 3) Forest clearance is issued in two stages Stage-I and Stage-II. Stage-I approval is conditional on MSPCL on depositing the cost of compensatory afforestation and Net Present Value to forest Department and fulfilling any other stipulated conditions. Work in forest area can be undertaken after realizing the fund by MoEF deposited towards CA and NPV by MSPCL. State Government informs MoEF about compliance of conditions and MoEF grant final approval. C. Output 1) Forest Clearance from MoEF allowing MSPCL activities in given forest area 7.4.2 State Government Approval A. Objectives 1) To obtain approvals from Government of Manipur for DPR for budget allocation/fund B. Process 3 For details refer Annexure – 4a Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 56 1) MSPCL submit DPR including the environment and social component of the project to State Government through its State Planning Department C. Output 1) Approval of State Government for the project 7.4.3 Social Impact Management Plan (SIMP) for substation A. Objective 1) To prepare SIMP by State Government B. Process 84 On confirmation of the scheme the MSPCL would submit a proposal for land acquisition detailing the extent of land and the affected area to be notified and acquired for the project by the State government. In accordance with the RFCTLARRA, 2013 the responsibility of preparation of the SIMP rests with Govt. of Manipur. The preparation of the SIMP including the SIA, RAP and the Public Disclosure would be carried out by the Rehabilitation and Resettlement Commissioner of the State Government. Procedures expected to be adopted by Govt. of Manipur is described below. i) Establishment of Institutions 85 As per RFCTLARRA, 2013 the following bodies are to be established permanently in the state (to cater to all projects proposed in future):  The State Social Impact Assessment Unit  The office of the Commissioner Rehabilitation & Resettlement  The State Level Monitoring Committee 86 For a particular project, the following bodies will be established:  The Expert Group to appraise the SIA  The office of the Administrator Rehabilitation & Resettlement  Project Level Committees ii) Social Impact Assessments 4  State SIA Unit, after the receipt of a request from Government of Manipur, will prepare a 4 The responsibility to carry out SIA and preparation of R & R Plan , its disclosure, approval etc. is in the domain of State Government and not under Utility(MSPCL) Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 57 detailed project specific Terms of Reference (ToR) for each proposed case of land acquisition,  Based on the nature and extent of the work involved, costs involved are decided and require to deposit the same with the Unit.  SIA Unit deploys an external professional agency (or individuals) for the conduction of SIA.  The first step in the SIA will involve building up a detailed understanding of the proposed project and reviewing its stated public purpose. The project should be screened to ensure that it meets the cause of “public purpose”.  The SIA shall conduct a detailed land assessment, list out accurately the number of PAPs, socio-economic as well as cultural profile of the PAPs as well as that of their environ, and asses the nature and extent of impacts likely to occur as a result of the project intervention.  Impacts are to be identified at different phases of the project cycle- planning, construction and O&M. Same time efforts are to be made on assessing: (i) direct/ indirect impacts; and (ii) differential impacts – on women, children, elderly and disabled. The latter can be done through gender impact assessments and/ or vulnerability and resilience mapping.  Following the above assessment, a SIMP is prepared encompassing a comprehensive compensation as well as R&R entitlements in respect of each PAP.  Formal public hearing/s will be held in the affected areas with the specific purpose of presenting the main findings of the SIA, seeking feedback on its contents, and making sure that any omissions or additional information and views are incorporated into the final documents. These hearings will be held in all the GPs and/ or Village Council whose lands are proposed to be acquired.  Explicit consent will be required in the case of lands in respect of tribal areas from ADC and the Village Councils.  Every Social Impact Assessment (SIA) conducted will be formally appraised by an Expert Group, which will then make a written recommendation to the Government on whether or not the proposed land acquisition should proceed. Final decision to accept or not, and go ahead or not, rests with Government of Manipur. iii) Disclosure 87 The final SIA Report and SIMP will be published in the local language and made available:  The Panchayat, Municipality or Municipal Corporation and the offices of the District Collector, Sub-Divisional Magistrate and the Tehsil;  Published in the affected areas; and Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 58  Uploaded on the websites of the government. iv) Compensation and Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R)  Based on the SIMP, the Collector shall discuss the Package in a meeting with the Rehabilitation and Resettlement committee at project level, and submit the Package to Commissioner Rehabilitation and Resettlement along with his/ her remarks.  The Commissioner Rehabilitation and Resettlement shall, after due vetting, accords approval to the scheme and make it available in public domain.  After approval of R & R plan by Commissioner R & R , the Collector shall issue two awards one for land compensation based on procedures described in act & State’s rules and second for R & R as per approved SIMP C. Output 1) Social Impact Management Plan (SIMP) including SIA, RAP and Public Disclosure by Government of Manipur. 7.4.4 Funding Agency Concurrence/Acceptance (if applicable) A. Objectives 1) To obtain concurrence of funding agencies related to E & S components of the projects B. Process 1) MSPCL submits DPR and various reports on environment and social like IEAR, CPTD to funding agencies for appraisal and concurrence C. Output 1) Acceptance/concurrence of funding agencies 7.5 Detailed Design & Tendering During this stage, following environment & social management activities are undertaken; 1) Design measures that can avoid environmental and social impacts like taller/specialized towers and changes of substation configuration for example protect sensitive receptors nearby would be made a part of the bidding documents, Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 59 2) MSPCL shall either implement IEAR/CPTD in-house or engage outside agencies that are capable of executing such task 3) EMP to be made part of contract/bidding document for implementation by contractors/subcontractors 7.5.1 Project Implementation 88 During this phase various environment and social management plan prepared for the project are implemented and monitored. This includes  Execution of EMP & EAMP  Execution of CPTD 7.5.2 Execution of EMP & EAMP A. Objectives 1) To carryout environment management works as prescribed in IEAR B. Process 1) EAMP (IEAR) is executed taking into account appropriate working clearance and RoW (by cutting/ felling/pruning trees etc. and other measures identified in clearance. Forest department undertakes CA Scheme. 2) Other mitigation measures enlisted in EMP are executed by MSPCL and Contractor. 3) MSPCL shall initiate the process (for WB funded projects) and prepare a Final Environmental Assessment Report (FEAR) (refer Annexure-22 for contents of FEAR). C. Output 1) Tangible proof of EMP/EAMP execution. 2) FEAR containing compliance of mitigation measures as listed in IEAR, EMP implementation and details of forest clearance etc. 7.5.3 Execution of CPTD A. Objectives 1) To carryout social management works as prescribed in CPTD Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 60 B. Process 1) MSPCL shall pay the compensation to affected persons in consultation with revenue authority and execute any other measures as agreed and documentation in the CPTD for transmission/sub-transmission lines C. Output 1) Tangible proof of execution of social management measures. 2) RoW 7.5.4 Execution of SIMP A. Objectives 1) SIMP to be executed by Government of Manipur as per RFCTLARRA, 2013. B. Process 89 The execution of the SIMP is the responsibility of the Government of Manipur. However, the following process is to be facilitated by MSPCL: 1) MSPCL deposits cost for land and R & R measures as per award issued under RFCTLARRA, 2013 to concerned authority/State Government. 2) Transfer of compensation and monetary R & R benefits to affected persons account by Government of Manipur. 3) Possession of land by MSPCL. C. Output 1) Possession of land 7.6 Operation and Maintenance (O&M) 90 The environment & social works undertaken in earlier phase of project cycle are monitored in this period. Besides this MSPCL being a member of State R & R committee shall monitor implementation Social Impact Assessment Management Plan for acquisition of land (if involved) by Government of Manipur as per the provisions of RFCTLARRA, 2013 (Salient features are outlined Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 61 in Annexure-3). However, MSPCL may also take part on implementation and monitoring, if called for as they are responsible for implementation of project. 7.6.1 Environmental Monitoring A. Objectives 1) To monitor work undertaken as part of EAMP B. Process 1) Regular patrolling of RoW and CA 2) Substation to be monitored on daily basis 3) Others mitigation measures outlined in EMP are monitored as per schedules C. Output 1) Periodic monitoring reports containing updates of execution of EAMP execution. 7.6.2 Social Monitoring: A. Objectives 1) To monitor work undertaken as part of CPTD & SIMP B. Process 1) CPTD implementation during maintenance works monitored. 2) If land acquisition is involved, MSPCL (as member of State R & R committee) monitored SIMP implemented by Government of Manipur as per the provisions of RFCTLARRA,2013 C. Output 1) Periodic monitoring reports containing updates of execution of CPTD and SIMP execution. 7.7 Review i) Circle office of MSPCL at Corporate office shall monitor and review of E&S activities of the Transmission and Sub-transmission project on monthly basis along with site office. ii) The implementation/performance of environmental and social management measures along with other project works shall be reviewed by MSPCL management initially every quarter for a Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 62 period of at least 1 (one) year as this ESPP will be inducted in its corporate functioning first time in implementation of MSPCL’s Transmission/Sub-transmission project. iii) MSPCL Management shall undertake annual review of ESPP implementation to obtain feedback on problems/limitations/stakeholders expectations for deliberations and incorporating changes/improvement in the document for its smooth implementation. 91 A summary of the processes MSPCL will follow for environmental and social management are summarized in Table 7.1 below. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 63 Table 7.1: Environmental and Social Assessment & Management Process of a Typical T & D Project Milestones Objectives Process Responsibility Product/Decision I. Project Conceptualisation 1. Environmental  To identify environmentally and socially  Screen and scope transmission/sub-  Circle office  Environmental & and Social sensitive areas, issues and possible transmission lines from an  Engg. Dept. Social screening Screening & management measures environmental and social perspective  Site office and scoping Scoping for  To suggest alternate transmission/sub-  Desk Review documents as part Transmission / transmission line routes, if necessary  Spot Verification of Concept Paper. Sub-  To outline the scope of Environmental  Informal Public Consultation Transmission Assessment (EA) and Social Assessment  Consultation with Forest Dept.& Lines (SA) studies Revenue Authorities 2. Environmental  To obtain environmental & social approvals  Submit ‘Concept Paper’ (with E&S  Engg. Dept  MSPCL & Social from the MSPCL management and In- screening & scoping details) to MSPCL  Site office Management approval principle approval by State Govt. Management  Circle office Appraisal.  Submit ‘Concept Paper’ (with E &S  Engg. Dept  In-Principle screening and scoping details) for In-  Circle office approval by State principle approval by State Govt Govt. II. Project Planning  Environmental  To identify substation lands avoiding/  Screen and scope substation sites from  Engg. Dept.  Environmental & and Social minimising environmentally and socially an environmental and social  Circle office social screening Screening and sensitive areas, perspective  Site office and scoping Scoping for  Selection of proper site which has minimal  Desk Review documents for substations impact  Spot Verification substations  To suggest alternate substation sites , if  Consultation with Revenue necessary Authorities  To outline scope of land acquisition  Informal Public view  Environmental  To prepare IEAR for the project/sub- a. Forest Areas  Circle office  IEAR Assessment & projects.  Tree Enumeration  Site Office  Environmental Management  Cost-benefit Analysis  Auth. review Planning  Compensatory Afforestation Agencies  Forest Proposal  Environmental Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 64 Milestones Objectives Process Responsibility Product/Decision b. Other Areas Management  Undertake environmental review Measures and formulate appropriate  Views of Public management measures c. Public Consultation  To inform/record public views for refinement / review if needed  Social  To prepare Compensation Plan for  Undertake assessment of land area  Circle office  CPTD Assessment Temporary Damages(CPTD) likely to be affected by putting up  Site office  Social review for Temporary tower and line and extent of damages  Authorised  Management Damages for during foundation, erection & stringing Agencies measures TL works.  Compensation  Formulate appropriate management plan plan to minimize impact and prepare compensation plan  III. Project Approvals 1. State Govt.  To obtain project approval from GoMan  Submit DPR (with EAMP and Social  Circle office  Project approved Screening and Scoping details) to  Engg. Dept. by State Govt. Planning Dept./GoMan for their review 2. Financial  To obtain acceptance from FA for  Submit DPR along with IEAR and  Circle office  Acceptance/concur Agency’s environmental & social components of CPTD to Financial Agency for rence by FA Acceptance Concept Paper or IEAR & CPTD acceptance 3. Forest  To obtain Forest Clearance  Submit forest proposal to concerned  Site office  Final Forest Clearance authority.  Circle office Clearance by  Forest Proposal to MoEF for conditional MoEF approval after recommendation by GoMan  Forward Compliance report by GoMan to MoEF for Final Forest Clearance Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 65 Milestones Objectives Process Responsibility Product/Decision IV. Detailed Design & Award 1. Environment  To appoint a suitable agency to implement  Select and appoint suitable agency for  Circle office  Agency appointed Assessment IEAR/CPTD , if required IEAR/CPTD implementation, if  Site office for IEAR/CPTD and Social required Management  To include EMP part of bidding/contract  EMP included in bidding /contract  Circle office  EMP part of Measures document for implementation by contractor document  Site office contract document V. Project Implementation 1. Execution of  To undertake environmental management  Execute environmental management  Circle office  Environmental Environmental work as prescribed in environmental works  Authorised management Management assessment management plan  Appropriate clearance for Agency measures executed Works transmission line ROW, etc.  Site office  Compensatory Afforestation  Contractors  EMP by contractor  Preparation of Final Environment  Compliance to mitigation measures - Circle office  FEAR for FA Assessment Report(FEAR), If required (for listed in - Authorised WB funded project)  IEAR Agency  EMP - Site office  Forest clearance - Contractors 2. Execution of  To undertake social management work as  Transmission lines  Circle office  Social management CPTD for TL prescribed in CPTD  Pay compensation in consultation  External measures executed & SIMP for with Revenue Authority and Agency Substation affected persons as agreed &  Site documented in CPTD and execute other measures  Sub-stations  Deposit cost for land and R & R  MSPCL  Possession of land measures as per award  Transfer of compensation money to affected persons account  Possession of land Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 66 Milestones Objectives Process Responsibility Product/Decision VI. Operation & Maintenance 1. Environmental  To monitor work being undertaken as part  Monitor EAMP measures  Circle office  Periodic & Social of EAMP, CPTD & SIMP  Maintenance of ROWs  Site office monitoring reports Monitoring  Progress on compensatory afforestation  Compliance to EMP as per schedule  Monitor CPTD measures  Circle office  Appropriate compensation and  Site office other measures during maintenance of towers and lines  Monitor SIMP measures undertaken by  Circle office State Government as per RFCTLARRA,  Site 2013(If land acquisition involved) VII. Project Review 1. Annual  To review annually the EAMP and the  Review and report on environmental  Circle office  Annual Environmental CPTD of its projects and social performance of project  Corporate environmental and & Social during construction operation and office social review report Review maintenance Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 67 7.8 Risk Management Framework 92 Environmental and Social Risk Assessment is a vital part of MSPCL’s environmental and social management strategies. The risk assessment process identifies existing risks, and forecast future potential risks in its power transmission/ sub-transmission projects. It is a scientific process that includes cost benefit analysis. The environment and social management procedures developed by MSPCL evaluate these risks, both qualitatively and quantitatively, and prioritise them. Based on prioritisation, environment and social management options are selected. 93 MSPCL’s risk assessment process involves several, successive, interactive stages, which have been included in the environmental and social assessment and management procedures and are, listed below:  Risk Identification  Risk Assessment  Risk Characterization  Risk Management  Risk Mitigation  Risk Preparedness 94 MSPCL, based on its environmental and social risk assessment process, decides on management options to purge environmental and social impacts. The risk management process includes risk preparedness, risk mitigation and the sharing of liabilities (via Internal Arrangements and Insurance). Responsibilities in the event of occurrence of a risk have been illustrated in Table 7.2.  Internal Arrangement 95 To absorb the risk in the event of its occurrence MSPCL will strengthen internal capacities. This would include creating funds or supplementing present funds to prepare for contingencies such as major ecological disasters adverse or health impact resulting in environmental human disease.  Insurance 96 To share risk, MSPCL will maintain insurance schemes and supplement them to give it fuller coverage as regards environmental and social risks. The only legislation relevant to environmental insurance is the Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991. This Act makes it mandatory for any owner Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 68 dealing with and handling hazardous substance to take out an insurance policy. In case of an industrial accident, payment to the victims will be made from the relief funds and insurance cover. Table 7.2: MSPCL’s Risk Responsibility Framework Risk GOMAN MSPCL Contractor Insurers Non compliance    - Regulatory 5 Non compliance - -  - Contractual 6 Major hazards, e.g. tower    fall during construction - During O&M -  - - Impacts on health 7 etc. -  - - Force Majeure - - -  Insurable Force Majeure   - - Non-Insurable Inclusion/ Exclusion of concerned Communities/   - - NGOs Public Interest Litigation   - - 5 Regulatory like working in forest/protected areas without statutory clearances. 6 Contractual like noncompliance of condition of clearance like fuel supply to labourer to avoid tree felling, no-work during night times, etc. 7 Impact of health like any case of prolonged exposure to Electro-Magnetic Field (EMF). Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 69 8.0 Implementation Arrangements 97 Ministry of Power (MoP), GoI has appointed POWERGRID as Design cum Implementation Supervision Consultant (i.e Project Management Consultant-PMC) now changed to Implementing Agency (IA). However, the ownership of the assets shall be with respective State Govt’s /State Utilities, which upon progressive commissioning shall be handed over to them for taking care of Operation and Maintenance of assets. 98. The arrangement for monitoring and reviewing of project from the perspective of environment and social management will form part of overall arrangements for project management and implementation environment. Following implementation arrangement has been proposed at different levels for smooth implementation of this project; 8.1 Administrative Arrangement for Project Implementation • Central Project Implementation Unit (CPIU) - A body responsible for coordinating the preparation and implementation of the project and shall be housed within the IA’s offices at Guwahati. The “Project-In-Charge” of IA & Head of each of the SPCU shall be a member of CPIU. • State Project Coordination Unit (SPCU) – A body formed by the Utility and responsible for coordinating with IA in preparing and implementing the project at the State level. It consist of experts across different areas from the Utility and shall be headed by an officer of the rank not below Chief Engineer, from MSPCL. • Project Implementation Unit (PPIU) – A body formed by the IA, including members of MSPCL on deputation, and responsible for implementing the Project across the State, with its personnel being distributed over work site & working in close association with the SPCU/ CPIU. PIU report to State level “Project Manager” nominated by the Project-in-Charge of IA. The IA will have a Core team stationed at the CPIU on permanent basis and other PMC officers (with required skills) will visit as and when required by this core team. 8.2 Review of Project Implementation Progress: 99 To enable timely implementation of the project/subprojects, following committee has been setup to review the progress; Joint Co-ordination Committee (JCC): IA and SPCU nominate their representatives in a body called JCC to review the project. PMC shall specify quarterly milestones or targets, which shall be reviewed by JCC through a formal monthly review meeting. This meeting forum shall be called as Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 70 Joint Co-ordination Committee Meeting (JCCM).The PMC shall convene & keep a record of every meeting. MoP, GoI and The Bank may join as and when needed. Minutes of the meeting will be shared with all concerned and if required, with GoI and The Bank. High Power Committee (HPC): The Utility in consultation with its State Government shall arrange to constitute a High Power Committee (HPC) consisting of high level officials from the Utility, State/ District Administration, Law enforcement agencies, Forest Department. etc. so that various permission/ approvals/ consents/ clearances etc. are processed expeditiously so as to reach the benefits of the Project to the end consumers. HPC shall meet on bimonthly basis or earlier, as per requirement. This forum shall be called as High Power Committee Meeting (HPCM) and the SPCU shall keep a record of every meeting. Minutes of the meeting will be shared with all concerned and if required, with GoI and The Bank. Contractor’s Review Meeting (CRM): Periodic Review Meeting will be held by officials of PIU with Contractors at field offices, State Head Quarters (PIU location) and if required with core team of PMC at Guwahati. These shall be called “Contractor’s Review Meeting” (CRM). PIU shall keep a record of all CRMs, which shall be shared with all concerned and if required, with GoI and The Bank. 100 A review will be held among MoP, GoI, The Bank, State Government., Utility and IA, at four (4) months interval or earlier if needed, primarily to maintain oversight at the top level and also to debottleneck issues that require intervention at GoI/ State Government level. Minutes of the meeting shall be prepared by PMC and shared with all concerned. 8.3 Implementation Arrangement for Environment & Social Management in MSPCL 101 ESPP implementation requires a robust and efficient institutional framework. This section captures these institutional arrangements for ESPP implementation by its employees who collectively have experience of laying and maintaining substations, transmission and sub- transmission lines. Moreover, services of leading environment/social institutes/individual experts specializing in the relevant discipline may be utilized in the initial stage, if needed. Independent specialist may also be engaged to deal with complex and technical issues like wildlife management. POWERGRID who has also been chosen as Project cum Design Consultant has vast experience of implementation of thousands of kilometers transmission lines in the country and abroad. POWERGRID is also leader in development and subsequent implementation of ESPP in the country. The service of POWERGRID’s trained and experience personnel shall be utilised for training and establishment of institutional framework of MSPCL. Moreover, Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 71 successful implementation of provision of ESPP requires involvement and support of higher officials of MSPCL who shall regularly monitor/review E & S aspects of transmission and sub- transmission project. 8.3.1 Organizational Requirements 102 MSPCL realizes that to ensure quality and strengthen organizational systems to enable effective implementation of the ESPP, MSPCL shall have to set out procedures and work culture which will promote total involvement of all its personnel. To attain assigned goal following shall be ensured: a) A coordinated system of functioning to be adopted by Corporate Planning who is the spokesperson of CMD/Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of MSPCL . b) An emphasis on intra-departmental approach, demarcation of departmental responsibilities and the delegation of authority which will upshot quick response and amendment to change. c) A commitment to provide at all times the best possible time bound quality service in all areas of its operations. 103 MSPCL’s commitment to the ESPP shall have to be developed with these principles. To ensure effective implementation of its ESPP, MSPCL will focus on; ― Strengthening the implementation of the ESPP by deploying specialist or redeployment of appropriately trained personnel at key levels; ― Placing dedicated manpower with specialization in the respective field to deal and manage the environment and social issues; ― Reinforcing in-house capabilities by working with specialized external agencies; ― Frequent/regular review by higher management ― Annual review of the ESPP implementation and problem faced to start with internally or through external agencies as necessary. 104 Corporate office will have overall responsibility for construction, operation, and maintenance of transmission/distribution systems apart from providing necessary support services (Refer- Figure 7.1: MSPCL Departmental profile for the basic structure of the Corporate office/Circle office and Site office). 8.3.2 Organizational Structure and Responsibilities 105 An Environment and Social Management Cell (ESMC) has been formed headed by GM (Projects), P&MM for proper implementation of environmental & social management measures as Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 72 outlined in ESPP. Figure –8.1 shows organization support structure of MSPCL for ESPP implementation. The key responsibilities of ESMC will include: • Coordinating environmental and social commitments and initiatives with various multilateral agencies, GoMan and MoEF. • Coordination of all environmental activities related to a project from conceptualisation to operation and maintenance stage. • Advising and coordinating /Site office to carry out environmental and social surveys and route alignment for new projects. • Advising site offices to follow-up with the state forest offices and other state departments for expediting forest clearances and other E & S issues of various projects. • Providing a focal point for interaction with the MoEF for expediting forest clearances • Training of Circle and Site officials on E & S issues arising out of Transmission/ sub- transmission projects and their management plan. • Training of other departments to familiarize them with the ESPP document. 106 A responsibility allocation matrix has been developed as per Table 8.1. This matrix captures the project activities, environmental and social management processes, key indicators to monitor progress, roles, and responsibilities of various stakeholders at different levels and involvement of external agencies. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 73 Figure 8.1: MSPCL Organisation Chart with Prposed Arrangemet For Espp Implemetation MANAGING DIRECTOR CVO COMPANY SECRETARY EX. DIRECTOR-CIVIL EX. DIRECTOR EX. DIRECTOR (HR/ EX. DIRECTOR: FIN & ADMIN/IT/LEGAL) GM- GM- GM-O&M, CONST. GM-IA GM-SLDC & GM- HR/ADMIN/ IT/ GM- GM- GM-COMM. GM- GM- EXP./BUDGET/ ENVIRONMENT SOCIAL OFFICER OFFICER *AE/JE (ENV.) *AE/JE (SOC.) EXPERT GROUP FOR TAXONOMIST, ECOLOGIST, SOCIOLOGIST & WILDLIFE BIOLOGIST ETC SHALL BE ENGAGED WHENEVER REQUIRED *Through redeployment of personnel Environmental and Social Management Framework 74 Table 8.1: Responsibility Allocation Framework for the E&S Assessment & Management Process Responsibility Output / Internal External Milestones Process Indicators Preparation Review Approval Preparation /Execution I. Project Conceptualisation 1. Environmental &  Screen and scope  E & S screening  MSPCL Social Screening Transmission/ Sub- and scoping  Pre-appraisal by  Engg. Dept. Management and Scoping for transmission lines from an documents as  Site office Planning Deptt.,  ESMC Appraisal Transmission/ Sub- environmental & social part of Concept GoMan transmission Lines perspective Paper  Submit Concept paper (with  ESMC  MSPCL 2. Environmental &  MSPCL Mgmnt.  ESMC  In-principle approval E&S details) for  Engg. Dept. Management Social approval Appraisal  Corp.Plg. by GoMan Management Approval  Corp. Plg. Appraisal II. Project Planning  E & S Screening  Screen and scope sub-stations 1. Environmental & and Scoping  Site office  ESMC  Ext. agency like sites from an environmental &  MSPCL Social Screening reports for  Engg. Dept. revenue, forest dept etc. social perspective  ESMC Management and Scoping for substation sites for Social Screening &  Consultation with Revenue  Corp. Plg. Approval substations  Scope for land Scoping Authorities acquisition 2. Environmental  To prepare EAMP  Environmental/  ESMC  MSPCL Assessment and  Transmission/S-T. line Assessment  ESMC Management  State Forest Dept Management  Substations  Site office Management Plan Approval Planning  Public Consultation (line)  To prepare CPTD 3. Social Assessment  Assessment of temporary  Compensation Plan  ESMC  MSPCL for Temporary damages for Temporary  Site office  ESMC Management  Revenue Dept Damages for TL  Compensation plan Damages (CPTD) Approval  Public consultation Environmental and Social Management Framework 75 Responsibility Output / Internal External Milestones Process Indicators Preparation Review Approval Preparation /Execution III. Project Approvals  Submit forest proposal to State Govt  MSPCL  Final Forest  ESMC  Forest Proposal to MoEF for  ESMC Management  1. Forest Clearance Clearance by  Finance RMoEF/MoEF 1st stage approval  Site office Approval MOEF Deptt.  Compliance to MoEF for Final Forest Clearance  Submit DPR (with E & S  Circle  MSPCL  2. State Govt.  Project approval by  ESMC Budget/fund Office Management details) to State Govt. State Govt.  Corp. Plg. allocation  Corp. Plg. Approval  Submit IEAR and CPTD to  IEAR and CPTD  ESMC  ESMC  Internal  Detailed appraisal and 3. FA Acceptance Funding Agencies for concurrence by  Corp. Plg.  Corp. Plg. Management concurrence appraisal FA Dept. Approval IV. Detailed Design & Award  Engage authorised agencies  Authorised agencies  Site  Corp. Plg. 1 IEAR/CPTD engaged to execute  ESMC/ Circle  ESMC/  Management  Monitoring for E & S management plan Implementation office  Circle office Approval /Supervision work management works  Engg. Dept.  Engg. Dept. 3. EMP part of bidding  Project specific EMP to be  EMP part of  Circle office  ESMC  Management  Monitoring documents included in bidding document contract document Approval /Supervision V. Project Implementation 1. Execution of  Execute environmental  Environmental  Site office  Environment  ESMC/ Circle  Management Environmental management  Authorised management works management works(IEAR) office Approval Management Works measures executed agency executed 2. Execution of CPTD  Execute CPTD for TL  CPTD (TL) by  Site office  ESMC/Circle  Management Social management & SIMP  SIMP for Substations MSPCL) office Approval works executed (SIA/GoMan)  SIA/GoMan (for  SIA/  Corp.Plg.  SIA/GoMan  Possession of Land substations) GoMan  SIA Environmental and Social Management Framework 76 Responsibility Output / Internal External Milestones Process Indicators Preparation Review Approval Preparation /Execution VI. Operation & Maintenance  Periodic  ESMC  Monitor EAMP &CPTD (TL)  ESMC  Periodic monitoring monitoring reports  Site Office  Management 1. Environmental & measures  Circle office report Approval Social Monitoring  Periodic  Site office  Monitor SIMP Measures by  O&M circle  Periodic monitoring monitoring reports SIA/  SIA/GoMan SIA/GoMan office reports (SIA) GoMan VII. Project Review  Site office  Annual  Corp. Plg. 1. Periodic  Review and report on E & S  ESM/Circle  Management Environmental & environmental and  Engg. Dept  FA appraisal performance of project during office Approval social review  Fin. dept  GoMan Social Review construction, O &M report Environmental and Social Management Framework 77 9.0 Training & Capacity Building 107 Training is an integral part for employees for proper implementation of management measures. The training program need be integrated to accommodate capacity building of employees for implementation of the ESPP. Identification/assessment of training need of employees is to be carried out at Corporate, Circle and Site level based on which focused training modules will be developed for: • Strengthening in- house capacity to implement the provisions of ESPP; • Creating awareness and providing tools for implementation of ESPP and related management procedures to all departments. • Developing competence within key employees by providing training in their respective field. 108 Based on training needs identification, ESMC/Circle office/Site office are key organizational support groups which need to have required competence to integrate the provisions of ESPP documents within all departments. The skill requirement for these groups is depicted in Table 9.1. Based on skill requirement/improvement at all levels for proper implementation of ESPP, a training program focusing personnel from Corporate, ESMC/Circle, Division/Sub-division/Site office and interfacing State Govt. agencies is prepared to implement for staff development program and is presented in Table -9.2. These training programs may be conducted with the help of local experts and or national training institution and experts in various aspect of environmental and social management. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 78 Table 9.1: MSPCL’s Skill Requirement Environment and Social Engineering Corporate Planning Milestones Management Cell (ESMC) at Field office Department Department Circle office 1. Environmental & Social  ESPP & Project Cycle  E & S issues  EA & SA process Screening and Scoping for  Dom./Ext. FA Requirement identification  Env. & Soc. issues Transmission Lines  EA & SA process skills identification &  Env. & Soc. issues identification  EA & SA management technique & management technique process  Negotiation skills  Negotiation skills  Mitigation techniques  Mitigation techniques 2. Environmental & Social  EA & SA process approval  ESPP & project cycle  FA requirement  E&S mgmt. Techniques 3. Environmental & Social  Env. & Soc. issues identification  E & S issues  E & S issues identification Screening and Scoping for skills identification skills sub-station sites  EA & SA process skills  EA & SA process  EA & SA process 4. Environmental  EA process  EA process  EA process Assessment and  EM techniques  EM techniques  EM techniques Management Planning  Risk assessment  Risk assessment  Forest proposal process  Forest proposal process  Comp. afforestation process  Comp. afforestation process 5. Forest Clearance  Forest proposal process  Forest clearance  Forest proposal process  Compensatory afforestation process  Compensatory afforestation process process 6. GoMan Approvals  FA requirements  Central and Ext. FA  Awareness of Central/State requirements laws, policies on environment  Awareness of and social aspects Central/State laws, Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 79 Environment and Social Engineering Corporate Planning Milestones Management Cell (ESMC) at Field office Department Department Circle office policies on environment and social aspects 7. FA acceptance  FA requirements  Central & Ext. FA  Awareness of Central/State requirements laws, policies on environment  Awareness of Central and social aspects laws, policies on E&S aspects 8. Social Assessment for  SA process,  SA process  SA process, Temporary Damages  Public consult skills  SM techniques  Public consult skills  SM process  SM process 9. Concurrence of FA for  GoI/GoMan & Ext. FA CPTD /SIMP requirements  Awareness of GoI/GoMan laws, policies on environment and social aspects 10. Consultation for  Skill to assess Consultation IEAR/CPTD works capabilities to meet IEAR/ CPTD 11. Execution of EAMP  EM techniques  EM process  EM techniques works  Compensatory Afforestation  Compensatory process Afforestation process 12. Execution of CPTD  SM process  SM process  SM process  SM techniques  SM techniques 13. Monitoring  Monitoring Techniques Monitoring techniques 14. Annual E & S Review  Review process Environmental and Social Policy and Procedures – MSPCL 80 Course Training Duration For Awareness/ Department Schedule Orientation and for Training of Staff  ESPP All Senior staff (Dir.,  Policy ½ day ED, GM, AGM and  Contents of ESPP Workshop  All or 1 day Proposed ESPP Team at  How MSPCL will Circle office implement the ESPP  ESPP  Policy Proposed ESPP Team  Project cycle Workshop 2 days  ESMC and relevant staff  E&S assessment and  Engineering Management process Department Interface with State  Corporate Planning  RFCTLARRA, 2013 Government. Agencies  Legal Department  SIA Workshop 2 days like SIA, R & R  Finance Department  R & R Planning Commissioner and  Public consultation External Expert  ESPP  Project cycle  EA&SA process  Env. & Soc. Issue Training Proposed ESPP Team  ESMC/Circle office identification 3 days Program and relevant staffs  Site/Field Officials  Public consultation  Risk Assessment & Management  EMP & CPTD Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 81 10. Grievance Redressal Mechanism (GRM) 109 GRM is an integral part during planning, survey, implementation, operation and maintenance stage of the project. During planning stage itself public consultation process is initiated and the process is broadly outlined in Annexure-23. Besides, MSPCL also invites public opinion/suggestion before starting the construction work. 110 MSPCL shall constitute a Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC) headed by GM (Projects), P & MM to address the grievances that may arise during the planning, implementation and operation phases of the project. The GRC includes members from the utility and others comprising of Local Administration, Village Panchayat Members, Affected Families representative and reputed persons from the society. Project specific documents pertaining to environment safeguards such as IEAR and FEAR will be disclosed on the websites of MSPCL for information to public. 111 In case of transmission/distribution line, GRM is built in the tree & crop compensation process where affected persons are given a chance to place their grievances after issuance of notice by revenue officials on the basis of assessment of actual damages. For substation (in case of land acquisition is involved) – GRM is an integral part under the RFCTLARRA, 2013. Public hearings shall be held in the affected areas to bring out the main findings of the SIA, to seek feedback on the findings and to seek additional information and views for incorporating the same in the final documents. Detailed procedure of the same has been given under RFCTLARRA, 2013. Environmental and Social Policy and Procedures – MSPCL 82 11. Monitoring & Evaluation 112 Continuous monitoring of all its activities including environment and social aspects and its mitigation measures spelled out in ESPP would be the key to the success of MSPCL project completion. ESMC shall regularly monitor E&S issues with project activities and report to the GM (Projects), P&MM. Regular monitoring of activities shall also be carried out by site office and shall be reviewed by Circle office on monthly basis. CMD/Director shall review ongoing project activities on quarterly basis, which will include environment, and social issues and suggest corrective measures if required for implementation at site. 113 For environmental and social components of a project, environmental and social monitoring plan is developed based on baseline data and impacts predicted during the environmental and social assessment process. The environmental and social monitoring plan for each project will be integrated with project cycle for monitoring by the ESMC on monthly basis. The higher management shall be appraised through MIS on monthly/quarterly basis. 114 Major monitoring indicator identified along with frequency of measurement and responsibility at different stage of project for effective monitoring is presented below in Table -11.1. Table 11.1: Monitoring of mitigation measures under ESPP Project Sl. Activity/ Monitoring Indicator Frequency Responsibility No. Stage Tower Location and Line alignment w.r.t. Distances from;  Set back from nearest dwellings Once - at time of or social institutions detailed siting and  Water bodies MSPCL alignment survey and  Agricultural land design  Ecological protected area Pre-  Reserved forests 1. Construction  Flood Zone Once – As part of Exclusion of PCB in transformer MSPCL tender specification Exclusion of CFC in electrical or Once – As part of MSPCL other equipment tender specification Once – part of EMF strength detailed alignment MSPCL survey Environmental and Social Policy and Procedures – MSPCL 83 Project Sl. Activity/ Monitoring Indicator Frequency Responsibility No. Stage Once – built in design Noise level from Substation criteria and specified MSPCL in tender Once – during MSPCL and construction Noise during construction assigned machinery contractor specification Compensation for temporary or permanent loss of productive land, Once a quarter – trees. Monitoring of; Based on consultation MSPCL Crop compensation plan with PAP Tree compensation plan Once for each Government Clearances MSPCL subproject Oil spill containment and spill Once – Built in MSPCL cleanup product specification Once – in tender Sewage disposal system MSPCL specification Fire prevention and fire protection Once – in tender MSPCL equipment monitoring specification MSPCL Crop disturbance during Periodically when assigned construction required contractor Periodic monitoring Availability of land for Substation GoMan and as per RFCTLARRA, (New) MSPCL 2013 2. Construction MSPCL Air borne dust emissions during Every two weeks assigned construction contractor Every two weeks – MSPCL Vegetation marking and clearance strictly limited to assigned target vegetation contractor Once per site – Identification of MSPCL Trimming and cutting of trees in presence of target assigned ROW species with height contractor following vegetation clearance plan Once per site – as MSPCL Disposal of cleared vegetation approved by statutory assigned authorities contractor Environmental and Social Policy and Procedures – MSPCL 84 Project Sl. Activity/ Monitoring Indicator Frequency Responsibility No. Stage MSPCL Disposal of excavated soil Every 2 weeks assigned contractor Effectiveness of Training programs Once a year MSPCL and plan Compliance with transmission Operation Once in quarter MSPCL tower setback conditions 3. and Maintenance of ground clearance Maintenance Once MSPCL to comply with limits of EMF Noise levels at boundary nearest to Once a year MSPCL substations 115 The evaluation of environmental and social management measures undertaken along with other project works shall be reviewed by MSPCL management initially every quarter for a period of at least 1 (one) year as this ESPP will be inducted in its corporate functioning in implementation of MSPCL’s Transmission/Sub-transmission Project. MSPCL Management shall undertake annual review of ESPP implementation to obtain feedback on problems/limitations/stakeholders expectations for deliberations and incorporating changes/improvement in the document for its smooth implementation. Environmental and Social Policy and Procedures – MSPCL 85 12. Budget 116 Adequate financial provision is required to meet the management measures to be undertaken to mitigate the impacts as underlined in ESPP. Based on past experience of implementation of similar projects, MSPCL estimates about 5-10 % overall project towards such measures for which necessary budget provisions shall be made during planning stage itself. Environmental and Social Policy and Procedures – MSPCL 86