Environmental and Social Impact Assesment Construction of Kandy Multimodal Transport Terminal On behalf of the Project Management Unit Kandy Multimodal Transport Terminal Project Ministry of Urban Development, Water Supply and Housing Facilities Februrary 2020 |Page Table of Contents 1. PROJECT IDENTIFICATION ....................................................................................................................... 1 2. PROJECT LOCATION ................................................................................................................................ 1 3. PROJECT JUSTIFICATION ......................................................................................................................... 4 4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION.......................................................................................................................... 10 5. DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT ............................................... 43 5.1 PHYSICAL FEATURES – ECOSYSTEM COMPONENTS .............................................................................................. 43 5.2 ECOLOGICAL FEATURES – ECO-SYSTEM COMPONENTS......................................................................................... 47 5.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC FEATURES ....................................................................................................................... 49 5.4 OTHER FEATURES ...................................................................................................................................... 56 6. CONSULTATIONS .................................................................................................................................. 57 7. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES............................................... 59 7A. SCREENING FOR POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ...................................................................... 59 7B. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) FOR OPERATIONAL STAGE. .......................................... 128 8. COST OF ENVIORNMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION ........................................................................ 139 8A. CONTRACTOR’S COST OF ENVIORNMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION ................................................................... 139 8B. PMU’S COST OF ENVIORNMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION ............................................................................. 141 9. CONCLUSION ON IMPACT ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................. 143 10. ESMP IMPLEMENTATION RESPONSIBILITIES AND COSTS .................................................................... 147 11. ESIA RECOMMENDATION ................................................................................................................... 147 12. DETAILS OF PERSONS RESPONSIBLE FOR REVIEWING THE ESIA FROM PMU ....................................... 149 ANNEX ......................................................................................................................................................... 150 ANNEX 01: LOCATION MAP OF KMTT .............................................................................................................. 150 ANNEX 02: DETAILD SITE PLAN OF KMTT FOOT PRINT WITH EXISTING BUILDINGS......................................................... 151 ANNEX 03: EXISTING LAND USE AROUND KMTT .................................................................................................. 152 ANNEX 04: SURVEY MAP OF KMTT AREA ........................................................................................................... 153 ANNEX 05: SITE BOUNDARIES AND BUILDINGS TO BE DEMEOLISHED FOR PROPOSED KMTT AREA ...................................... 154 ANNEX 06: BOREHOLE LOCATIONS OF KMTT & GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORTS ............................................. 156 ANNEX 07: DESIGN DRAWINGS WITH DETAILS FOR MAIN KMTT BUILDING ................................................................ 164 ANNEX 08: DESIGN DRAWING OF GENERAL ARRANGEMENTS OF PILE AND PILE CAPS. ..................................................... 175 ANNEX 09: MEDA ELA DIVERSION LAYOUT.......................................................................................................... 177 ANNEX 10: LAND HAZARDS MAP ..................................................................................................................... 178 ANNEX 11: SUMMARY OF PROCEDURE TO OBTAIN MINING LICENSE FOR BORROW PIT OPERATION .................................. 179 ANNEX 12: SUMMARY OF PROCEDURE TO OBTAIN MINING LICENSE FOR QUARRY OPERATION ........................................ 180 ANNEX 13: WASTE MANAGEMENT GENERAL GUIDELINES ...................................................................................... 181 ANNEX 14: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CONTROL STANDARD ............................................................................... 186 ANNEX 15: IFC ENVIRONMENTAL , HEALTH AND SAFETY (EHS) GUIDELINES ............................................................... 193 ANNEX 16: FACTORY ORDINANCE, ILO GUIDELINES AND SCDP ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK GUIDELINES ................................................................................................................................................ 222 ANNEX 17: CHANCE FINDS PROCEDURES ............................................................................................................ 234 ANNEX 18: TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR RECRUITMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARD OFFICER .................................... 235 ANNEX 19: SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF AFFECTED PERSONS ............................................................................... 237 ANNEX 20: CONSULTATIONS HELD DURING PREPARATION OF THE ESIA AND ESMP..................................................... 250 i ABBREVIATIONS BS British Standards CEA Central Environmental Authority dB Decibel EMS Environmental Method Statement EMP Environmental Management Plan EPL Environmental Protection License ESHS Environmental, Social, Health & Safety ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan GHG Greenhouse Gases ICTAD Institute for Construction Training and Development ID Irrigation Department DS Divisional Secretory ILO International Labour Organization IFC International Finance Corporation ICTAD Institute for Construction Training and Development KMC Kandy Municipal Council LA Local Authorities NBRO National Building Research Organization NEA National Environmental Act PCR Physical Cultural Resources PHI Public Health Inspector PMU Project Management Unit RDA Road Development Authority SC Supervision Consultant SCDP Strategic Cities Development Project SLRD Sri Lanka Railway Department SLTB Sri Lanka Transport Board UDA Urban Development Authority VET Vehicle Emission Test WB World Bank ii A. ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 1. Project Identification Project title Kandy Multimodal Transport Terminal (KMTT) Project Project Proponent Ministry of Urban Development, Water Supply and Housing Facilities, Sri Lanka. 2. Project Location Location The proposed location is the present Good Shed Bus Stand which is at the heart of the (relative to the Kandy city, nearest town, The proposed project will encompass the following lands (note the ownership of these highway) lands is provided in section 4 under projet description); • Current Good Shed bus stand • Railway land adjacent the Good Shed Bus stand • Railway lands adjacent to William Gopallawa Mw. • S.W R D Bandaranayake Mw. Which belongs to the Road Development Authority (RDA) and a small portion of private lands. Map of project site provided in Annex 1 1 Definition of The Proposed site is situated in a highly urbanized area of the Kandy City. Geographically Project Area it is at a lower elevation surrounded by hilly areas. The total area of approx. 8 acres encompassing the project site and 500m from the perimeter of the site can be defined as direct impact area. Map of project site and areas (The affected during construction period is provided in Annex 1, 2& 3 geographical extent of the project & areas affected during construction) Figure 2.1: Present view of the natural landscape of proposed area for KMTT 2 Figure 2.2: View of Good shed Bus Stand and the Railway land from Kandy- Peradeniya Road Figure 2.3: View of the Existing Bus Stand at Good Shed 3 Figure 2.4: view of the entrance to the Good Shed area at Post Office end Adjacent land and The site is situated in a highly built up area of the city of Kandy adjacent to the features Kandy Railway Station, Kandy old and new Post Offices, Several Government offices and Commercial Buildings. The site is situated in a lower elevation between Peradeniya road and William Gopallawa Mawatha. The site borders a number of dilapidated and structurally unsound private buildings along its northern boundary. In addition, there are number of utility structures located in the proposed project area, such as electricity lines, water supply, storm water drains, telephone lines etc. Meda Ela, the main drainage canal that runs through the city, traverses underneath the site as a tunnel and opens up at the end of the project site (Annex 5). 3. Project Justification Need for the Traffic congestion in Kandy is one of the biggest problems the city faces and one of the project worst situations in all of urban Sri Lanka. The following are the key issues resulting from traffic congestion requiring priority initiatives in most of the cities. • Long travel time during peak hours (What problem • Restricted mobility is the project • Road congestion caused by passenger buses going to solve) • Air quality deterioration in cities There are three main bus terminals located within the Kandy city centre (i) The Goodshed bus stand which is the main bus terminal for Kandy city (ii) clock tower and 4 (iii) Torrigton. These bus terminals are spatially scattered and cause severe traffic congestion in the city. Traffic congestion due to improper public transport management has been identified as one of the major issues by the studies carried out by the Road Development Authority in 2011 and with the formulation of SCDP it has been agreed to study the issue in detail in order to find a permanent solution to traffic issue in the city and to invest on the priority infrastructure under the SCDP. As such, a comprehensive study has been carried out by a team of international and local consultants resulting in the preparation of the Public Transport and Traffic Management Strategies for the Kandy city. The Kandy Multimodal Transport Terminal (KMTT) is one of the major initiatives proposed under the recommended strategies as well as included in the Transport Master Plan developed for Kandy aiming to systematically address some of the key public transport issues in the city. The project aims to improve the quality of transport in Kandy, through the creation of modern infrastructure, improve service delivery, integrate transport modes and improve the operating environment for public transport in the city and outstations. Kandy Multimodal Transport Terminal (KMTT) aims to provide a facility to eliminate the spatial scattering of the three existing bus terminals in Kandy by bringing all existing terminal operations under one roof at Good-shed area of approximately eight acres of land adjacent to the Kandy railway station. The proposed terminal facility spans over three levels and links the old Peradeniya road and William Gopollawa Mawatha through an underground passageway and an overhead Skywalk with access to the bus and railway terminals. As per the findings of the study and the proposed priority interventions, public transport system in the Kandy city will be re-arranged with expected significant impacts on relieving traffic congestion in the city. Following table indicates the reduction in traffic volumes that is expected from the improved bus operations along with the establishment of KMTT Table 3.1 Comparison of bus trips before and after the operation of KMTT No. of Scheduled Percentage Trips (24 Hrs) Before After Before After By Pass Routes 22 202 0.3% 3% Terminating at KMTT 6856 2,611 97% 37% Touch-n-Go 161 4,226 2.7% 60% Via KMTT (Touch –n-Go) and 117 Terminating at Katugastota Via KMTT (Touch-n-Go) and 356 Terminating at Digana 5 Via KMTT (Touch-n-Go) and 81 Terminating at Gatambe Via KMTT (Touch-n-Go) 3,425 Beyond Peripheral Terminals KMTT (Touch-n -go) for orbital 247 Routes Grand Total 7,039 7,039 The KMTT is expected to handle 330,000 passenger per day with over 5,000 bus trips from 193 bus routes mainly from 3 bus corridors. There will be IT based Terminal Operating system to control bus operation as well as to provide information to passengers with respect to time of departure and location of the respective bus bay. Out of 5,000 bus trips around 2100 bus trips will be terminated at the KMTT at boarding and alighting bays. All other bus trips will be converted to touch and go trips where they will have bays to unload and pick passengers and continue the trip to destination of the trip or back to origin. By this rearrangement, demand for bus parking within city will be reduced and parking requirement will be provided within KMTT. With the construction of KMTT, there will be 13 bays for Touch and Go, 32 bays for boarding and alighting, 2 bays for maintenance and 94 bus parking slots for bus operation. In addition to that there will be 40 parking slots for three wheelers and 40 parking slots for private cars. All these structures will be accommodated within the land area designated for the KMTT where the current Good Sheds Bus Stand (GSBS) is. All passenger facilities required in a terminal including public conveniences- washrooms & toilets, rest rooms, seating areas, ticketing areas, public information displays and centers, food and shopping outlets are provided within the terminal building. There will be facilities for accommodating bus crew and staff of the bus operation and management of KMTT. There will be stair cases, electrical escalators and lifts for the passenger movement between different floors of the terminal building including facilities for disabled persons. An elevated pedestrian connection between Peradeniya road and William Gopallawa Mawatha through KMTT over the railway premises is proposed to be constructed. This will provide easy and short distance movement between two roads and the KMTT & Railway station. This pedestrian sky walkway will be connected to second floor level of the KMTT terminal building where passenger concourse is located. Further, due to reduction in traffic congestion in the city, city air quality (which is one of the worst in Sri Lanka) improvements could also be expected. In order to document and analyze the impact on urban air quality resulting from the proposed KMTT project a baseline air quality assessment has been conducted by SCDP and will be repeated and documented throughout KMTT construction and operational phases. A parking space will be allocated for the mobile air quality unit (vehicle) to be parked enabling the Central Environmental Authority (CEA) to operate an air quality monitoring unit. It is expected that air quality trend monitoring within the Kandy city in the future will 6 formally take place in collaboration with the CEA. For this, (i) an operational fund will be provided and managed by the CEA and an (ii) MOU will have to be arranged between CEA and the KMTT operator. Public Transport Traffic Management Plan (PTTM), capture the synergies of the Purpose of the integrated interventions in public transport, and improve the overall operating project environment for bus services in Kandy. Some of the key objectives of the KMTT project are: (what is going to be achieved 1. To streamline public transport operations in Kandy to make it commuter friendly by carrying out 2. To integrate with Railway and other modes for better accessibility, connectivity the project) and seamless transfer for first and last mile connectivity. 3. To increase efficiency of public transport service delivery by using modern techniques 4. To create modern facilities for commuter convenience 5. To develop infrastructure that caters the current and future demands 6. To improve overall attractiveness of public transport so as to induce modal shift from use of private vehicles, 7. Well defined roles for supplementary modes of transportation 8. To decongest the city center gradually in order to meet future expansion and demographic growth of the Kandy city. In summary, the improved public transport facilities provided through the KMTT will address the traffic congestion issues in Kandy in order to transform it to a livable heritage city. 7 The KMTT project is one key component of an overall transport strategy and masterplan Alternatives for the Kandy City. The Kandy City Transport Strategy has been prepared with considered extensive study of vehicular/commuter movement and has considered combinations of interventions using different modes of transport before finally recommending the list of (different ways priority investments for decongesting the city. to meet the project need The Good Sheds Bus terminal (GSBT) plays a central role in the public transport and achieve the to/from/within Kandy city and plays a pivotal role in transport connectivity between project regional hubs in the central region. The GSBT is strategically located in the centre of purpose) the Kandy city and lies adjacent to the Kandy railway station. The need for a modern bus terminal in the city that can serve a large commuter population with better transport management and one that can be easily connected with other key modes of transport such as the railway has been considered a priotiy need. The SCDP has selected the Good Shed area, as the most suitable location for the KMTT primarily because of its strategic position within Kandy city limits and the non- availability of any other land with required space and convenient access to commuters. The other reasons for selecting Good Shed area is its proximity to the railway station, availability of sufficient crown land vested in transport authorities that could be utilized for the establishment of KMTT and other locational advantages of the Goodshed Bus Station (GSBS), including proximity to Kandy city centre, to schools, hospitals, government offices and other establishments visited by large numbers of employees and members of the public. The whole intension of the effort is to integrate the different public transport modes with modern facilities to make the people’s life easy. Further, the Goodshed has been recommended under the strategic transport planning study for the proposed KMTT. In order to ensure uninterrupted bus service operations to the public during the period when the Good Shed Bus Stand is being developed into the Multimodal Transport Terminal, temporary bus terminal facilities have beeen established at alternate locations such as the Kandy Clock Tower Terminal and touch and go, boarding and alighting bays at SWRD Bandaranayake Mawatha and Yatinuwara Veediya. These have been established under separate contracts under the on-going World Bank funded Strategic Cities Develoment Project (SCDP) with necessary due diligence on safeguards. Therefore, bus passengers will not be inconvenienced due to construction of the KMTT buildings. Meda Ela is a natural canal (which serves as the main stormwater drainage for Kandy city) that flows underneath the current GSBT. The canal is required to be diverted to facilitate the construction of the KMTT. The diversion will be contained within the proposed KMTT land and hence no footprint is anticipated outside the project’s direct impact zone (Annex 9). On the diversion of the canal, the following alternatives have been considered. Table 4.3 Alternative options considered for Meda Ela diversion Option Design Constrains Design Recommendation Advantage Existing a) Interference with a. Canal Not Recommend Trace KMTT Structure already existing 8 b) Difficulty in Dealing with Water during Construction c) Access and facilities for Maintenance not possible d) Shoring and coffer dams etc. needed e) Periphery Drain will need to cross the KMTT building Deviate the a) Section of the Canal a. Part of the Recommend section up to beyond the Bo tree existing the Bo-Tree needs extensive canal can be Construction work. used b) Difficulty in Dealing b. No need any with Water during deep cut Construction channel or c) Shoring and coffer supporting dams etc. needed structure adjoining the buildings close to Singer building Deviate a) Deviated Canal will a) Canal will be Not entire Canal interfere with the at a lower Recommended strip on the Under passes of the elevation and South of the proposed KMTT therefore less KMTT foot Structure excavation print b) Shoring and coffer but need dams etc. needed c. supportive Periphery Drain will need to cross the KMTT building c) More risk at the section close to existing buildings at southern boundary Deviate a) Excess Excavation a) Ease of Not entire canal and sheet piling for Construction Recommended on to the the canal section b) Periphery North of the drain can be connected to 9 KMTT foot the Main print Canal easily due to its close proximity 4. Project Description Proposed start date August 2020 Proposed completion date December 2024 Estimated total cost USD 70 million Present land ownership The land where the KMTT is to be built belongs to the Sri Lanka Railway Department (SLRD) and the Kandy Municipal Council (KMC). The lands in which is the sky walk is to be built belong to the SLRD, the Road Development Authority (RDA) and a small portion of private land will also be required (0.0189 ha - 0.5% of the total land requirement for the construction of the KMTT), and it is under the land acquisition process Description of the project The main functions of the terminal are to facilitate the free flow of vehicular and (with supporting material pedestrian traffic and enhance intermodal connections between transport modes, such as maps, drawings etc. in a convenient, efficient and safe manner. Both inter and intra provincial route attached as required) buses will commence their trips from KMTT and shall require regular bay areas for dropping and picking the passengers. It is anticipated that about 1419 inter- provincial scheduled bus trips and another 5473 intra-provincial scheduled bus trips will depart from KMTT with equal numbers of arrivals daily. Both will pass through KMTT in separate Touch-and-Go (T -n-G) bays. The passenger movements within KMTT are estimated at 330,000 persons per day. Nearly 65,000 passengers will terminate their journeys at KMTT and an equal number of passengers will wait inside KMTT terminal area for boarding the long route buses. Furthermore, around 100,000 passengers will alight from T-n-G buses and will dwell briefly around the KMTT complex while an equal number of passengers will wait in this area on the designated platforms to board the T-n-G buses. Please refer table 4.1 for key features and facilities of the new terminal. The key design considerations according to the design briefs can be listed as follows; 1. Modern and energy efficient, green building designs for quality infrastructure that suitably incorporates various architectural facets of Kandyan heritage (ESS 3) 10 2. Environment friendly urban designs that aim to reduce energy usage, carbon footprint, noise and air pollution level within and surrounding areas of the terminal. 3. Integrated designs with passenger-centric facilities that facilitate passenger movement from within and around the surrounding areas 4. Convenient movement of passengers between the bus terminal and the adjoining railway station through an overhead Skywalk. 5. Designs that account for future demographic & economic growth volumes, commuting habits and its impact on the terminal and surrounding areas 6. Technology assisted Terminal Operating System for administrative control and management of terminal facilities and its operations 7. Safe and easy passenger access to the terminal that include grade restricted entry to adjoining railway station. 8. Integration of various modes of transit- public as well as private transport such as buses, railways, three wheelers, private cars and two-wheel automobiles 9. Designs that provide for well-defined and state of art passenger facilities The Key construction components of KMTT include the following: • Construction of the Main Structure of the Kandy Multimodal Transport Terminal with all required services to facilitate the volume of commuters, bus services and transport terminal facilities distributed in three floors interconnected through ramps, elevators and lifts to be established. • Construction of a 150m long Skywalk stretching from old Peradeniya Road to William Gopallawa Road and the adjoining Kandy Teaching Hospital for pedestrians to move from these main roads to KMTT and Kandy Railway station and between these two public transport modes and preventing or minimizing pedestrian road crossing at busy points inhibiting the flow of traffic. • Construction of a Parking building (a park for three-wheeler taxis, fuel stations and other logistic services needed by KMTT) • Diversion of Meda Ela, incorporating KMTT building construction ensuring smooth functioning of entire Meda ela storm water drainage canal. 11 Figure 4.1: view of buildings to be (marked in purple) demolished for KMTT development Construction of Main Structure of the Kandy Multimodal Transport Terminal The main terminal building of the KMTT will be a three-story building with a roof garden and basement floor. The majority of the passenger movement will be expected in the 2nd floor of the KMTT building where the ticketing machines, rest areas cafeterias etc. are planned to be accommodated. The bus operation, mainly the touch and go and boarding and alighting bays will be located within 1 st floor of the terminal building. The service units and facilities to be established in each level are listed in Table 4.1. 12 Figure 4.2: Schematic view of the entrance to the Good Shed area at Post Office end The movement of buses and service vehicles from one floor to the other is facilitated via ramps. The passenger movement in and out of KMTT is facilitated through a skywalk connecting Sirimavo Bandaranayake Mawatha (old Peradeniya Road/Uda Para) and William Goppallawa Mawatha serving as southern corridors of Kandy town and through an underground pedestrian walkaway connected to other access roads including S.W.R.D. Bandaranayake Mawatha. For vertical passenger movement within KMTT lifts, elevators and staircases will be established at optimum locations. The design parameters include provision for 2% increase in the volume of commuters per year over the next 5 years and a corresponding increase in the volume of public transport handled by the facility. Figure 4.3: Schematic view of the arcade building & skywalk from William Gopallawa Mawatha side entrance 13 As per the preliminary technical design the rooftop of KMTT with a floor area of 6654sq.m will be the public area for cultural, entertainment and commercial activities. The rooftop will be connected to rest of the floors via lifts, elevators and staircases. The second floor including mezzanine floor with an area of 12,251 sq.m will consist of the arrival plaza, ticket counters, waiting area, spaces for operation and management and passenger services. The second floor will be connected to the main roads of Sirimavo Bandaranayake Mawatha and William Goppallawa Mawatha and the railway station through the skywalk. The first floor of 19,657sq.m will be assigned for Touch and Go Bus bays and Boarding and alighting bays which will be connected to rest of the floors via lifts, elevators, staircases and ramps. The ground floor with an area of 31,798 sq.m also provides for Touch and Go Bus bays and boarding and alighting bays, service areas, and waiting area for bus crews. There are underground pedestrian walkways which will provide commuters’ access to Sirimavo Bandaranayake Mawatha and William Goppallawa Mawatha. Figure 4.4: Detailed Drawing of ground floor 14 Figure 4.5: Detailed Drawing of first floor Figure 4.6: Detailed Drawing of second Floor 15 Figure 4.7: Detailed Drawing of Roof Terrace Table 4.1: Service units and facilities in KMTT building. Ground floor First floor Second floor Rooftop • 22 bus parking bays, • 72 bus parking • 600 Seats of • Rentable Area 5 boarding and bays, 27 boarding waiting (18’x18’ Shops 12 alighting bays and and alighting lounges nos) tuition classes, 13 T-n-G bays bays and 1 • Kiosk for channeling centers, • One dedicated operation and newspapers, Professional operation and maintenance bay refreshments, Institutions etc., maintenance bay • Emergency phone cards, • Surfacing: The trees • Emergency vehicle vehicle bay etc (2.4 x 2.4m are to be placed on the bay • Vertical x 12nos • Mini roof beam structure • Vertical circulation circulation cores Banks cores- elevators, – elevators, 2nos) • Vegetation: The trees staircases and staircases and • ATM/ CDM have to be maintained public utilities public utilities Machines up to 3m height • Rest areas for bus • Circulation ramps (Space for • Open Park area & drivers for buses 8Nos) Viewing platform: • Operations and • 10 shops (8’X8’) • First-Aid room recreational space, administration • Baby-care • Open Pavilion: the services Refer Annex 7 and 8 Room open pavilion is a • Commercial outlets • Pharmacy flexible space for (6’X6’ shops) 7 nos • Self-operated multifunction • Circulation ramps Information • Access: VC-02 via for busses Kiosks stairs and lifts or from • Information Centre • Passenger VC-04 and Food Court Information 368.2 sq. (80 seats) Displays (PID) Refer Annex 7 and 8 • Service connections • LED TV to first floor Bus screens Parking • Restroom 16 • Connection to the facilities @ underground Arcade pedestrian walkway building (20 connected with rooms) nearby streets Refer Annex Refer Annex 7 and 8 7 and 8 Source: Conceptual Design drawing Provision of Toilet facilities The restroom capacity requirement has been developed based on the following assumptions: ~ Passenger Terminals & Transportation Facilities’ Toilet Requirement as per International Plumbing Code 2006 : 1 Nos Water Closet per 500 Male/ 500 Female, 1 Nos Drinking Fountains per 1000 Male/ 1000 Female . Urinals shall not be substituted for more than 67% of the required water closets. ~ 1 Nos Lavatories designed for the use of the physically handicapped (Development plan for Urban Development area of Kandy – Volume II – Planning & Building Regulations ~ Peak hourly flow of passengers (two way) Touch-n-go & Terminating =14,500 + 10,000=24,500 (Public Transport Design and Operational management Plan and Strategic Traffic Demand Management and Design Plan for the City of Kandy, Sri Lanka – Integrated Strategic Public Transport Plan) ~ 50% Male = 12250 pax , 50% Female = 12250pax Passengers Toilet Staff Toilet No Disa Mal of Male Female Female bled e Pax As per Water Closet 245 10 25 3 - - All Urinals 15 - - - - IPC levels 00 Wash Basin 13 13 3 - - Water Closet 6 9 - - GF Urinals 9 - 1 - - Wash Basin 6 8 - - Water Closet 6 9 - - TERMI FF Urinals 9 - 1 - - NAL Wash Basin 6 8 - - BUILD Water Closet 5 8 3 3 ING SF 1 Urinals 7 - 4 - Wash Basin 5 8 3 3 Water Closet 5 8 - - RT Urinals 7 - 1 - - Wash Basin 5 8 - - Water Closet 2 3 - - 17 GF Urinals 2 - - - - Wash Basin 2 2 - - PARKI NG Drivers Toilet BUILD Water Closet 8 - 3 4 ING Mezz Urinals 40 8 - 2 - Wash Basin 6 - 3 4 Shower 10 - - - Piling Arrangements: According to the structural designs, piling is to be used as part of the foundation of the entire structure of the KMTT, inclusive of the sky walk foundation up to rock level. There will be approximately 550 piles bored inclusive of the sky walk foundation and the project also involves the re-alignment of the Meda Ela which runs through the project site. Piling will only be carried out at least 2.5 m from the realigned Meda Ela trace at the SLTB area. The locations of piling arrangements within Sri Lanka Railway’s lands have been carefully considered. The limited space available for construction activities within the Railway complex has been carefully considered when designing of piling arrangements. Further the locations of abandoned tanks will have to be taken into consideration for piling. The clearance of any construction is at least six feet from the railway track as imposed by Sri Lanka Railways. According to the details given in design drawings, four types of piles will be used and the details can be listed as follows; Table 4.2: Details of the General Pile Arrangements Pile type Pile Diameter # Pile mm Car park Buildings Main Building in in Railway Dept site SLTB site P1 600 04 06 P2 800 62 43 P3 1000 155 44 P4 1200 156 44 Total 377 137 Height of the pile will vary based on depth to the hard rock. Cast-in-place cased concrete piles are used for KMTT. In case of cased cast in situ piles, the shell is usually made of steel. This type of piles is suitable for any type of soil and the main advantages of using them are as follows; • No need extra storage facility • The shell has driving resistance so, it can be easily driven. • Concrete filling is not disturbed. • Internal inspection can be done after driving shell. • Piles can be easily cut or extended in case of cased piles. 18 • Noise and vibration pollution during pile driving is minimum and it is environmentally advantageous. (Pl. refer Annex 8 for general arrangements of piles and pile caps) Figure 4.8: Typical detail of a pile This non-vibratory piling method which will be used when carrying out construction adjacent to the Peradeniya Road side slope safeguarding the foundations of the existing buildings on the steep slope avoiding potential damage. Concrete slurry has to be managed carefully to avoid contamination of adjacent water bodies including Medaela with cement/slurry sediment. It is recommended to implement a proper surface drainage plan with controlling measures such as leachate tanks, silt traps, siltation ponds etc. And maintain the drainage system throughout the construction phase. The Skywalk The skywalk will provide access to KMTT and Kandy Railway Station from Old Peradeniya Road (Uda Para) as well as from William Goppallawa Road and facilitate passenger movement between the bus terminal and the railway station. The skywalk is connected to the Second Floor of KMTT, this will also be an important landmark and viewing point for visitors to Kandy including tourists. This will be a main pedestrian link that will be extending to the Kandy Teaching Hospital opening up an important access for patients and hospital visitors. Facilities within the KMTT are equipped for people with special needs. 19 Figure 4.9 Birds Eye view of KMTT and Skywalk Vehicle parking facilities A parking building (for 40 vehicles) with three-wheeler taxi park (for 40 three wheelers) will be established for the benefit of passengers. They will be established outside the main KMTT building with easy accessibility to and from the arrival and departure areas. 20 Fig 4.10 Refueling area floor plan Table 4.3 Special Service units and facilities in Car Park Area Mezzanine Floor Fuel station Area Operation Control Centre: Facilities 04 Nos of Dispenser, provided within control center – meeting room, Control room with video wall, AM 04 Nos of underground diesel tanks (02 for operation & 02 and Managers offices, Data room Nos for Bulk storage), Office Spaces: Air pump, SLTB – 400sqm, (Centre Bus Office, 25kva backup generator Internal Audit Dept., Shroff, Duty office, Depot Admin Office) Operational office. CP-PTSA -230sqm Refer Annex 7 and 8 NTC – 87sqm Driver facilities: Dormitories 40 beds/ recliners (for 45mins-60 min stay), Locker rooms, Toilets WC -8Nos, Urinals-8Nos, WB-06Nos, Showers- 10Nos (female washrooms) Bus maintenance: Bus maintenance Facility 340sqm, 2Nos inspection pits for running repairs. Building maintenance area: Refer Annex 7 and 8 Relocation of Fuel Pumping Stations There are three fuel pumps located within the Good Shed bus stand which has been managed by the Ceylon Petroleum Corporation (CYPETCO). The fuel pumping station which is located in front of the present Good Shed Bus Stand has been operated by a private owner. All the existing underground tanks will be abandoned under the supervision of CYPETCO and the private operator will be compensated for his loss of business. The CYPETCO has been informed to 21 relocate the Good Shed fuel pump to the Yatinuwara Depot, at Kadugannawa. As per expert recommendation by the CYPETCO all 7 existing fuel storage tanks will be abandoned and the tanks will be filled with sand (not physically removed from the site). The locations of these buried tanks will be notified to the contractor for due consideration in making suitable piling arrangements. For smooth operations, the number of fuel pumps at the Kandy South Depot will be increased to compensate for the loss of pumps at Good Shed. As part of the KMTT, a new fuel station with 04 Nos of Dispensers and 04 Nos of underground diesel tanks (02 for operation & 02 Nos for Bulk storage) will be built. All of these facilities will be designed in line with the CYPETCO, CEA guidelines. World Bank Group Environmental Health and Safety guidelines found at; www.ifc.org/ifcext/enviro.nsf/Content/EnvironmentalGuidelines under thier direct supervision and control. As such the, abandonment and the new construction of the fuel tanks will not be undertaken by the KMTT contractor, as such it will not be part of the D&B contract. The following actions are required for the new establishment of fuel pumping station and have been incorporated as specifications for the new fuel pumping station: To be ensured through the design of the KMTT (space allocated for this purposes in the overall KMTT layout has considered the following facts) • Buildings are to be located at a minimum of 40 ft. from the road boundary of the properties to provide adequate area for maneuvering of vehicles in the service area. • Canopies and supports over pumps and service equipment when located less than 20 ft. from interior residential lot lines or building or structure should be constructed of noncombustible material. • Petrol pumps shall be located a minimum of 100 ft. from any residential building. All service areas should be paved to avoid dust nuisance. To be implemented by CYPETCO • Environmental impact on surface water and ground water aquifers, etc., will be taken into consideration. An Environmental Recommendation1 from the CEA will be required. • Exterior design of the building should be compatible with adjacent development and should be such that it is not detrimental to property values in the area. • A raised curb of at least 6” in height should be erected along street property lines except for driveway openings so as to prevent operation of vehicles on sidewalks, and to define entrance/exit points. • Signs should be accordance with the Advertisement Regulations and should be located so as not to reflect the sun into the face of motorists and should 1 In Sri Lanka, EIA/IEE is only required for certain projects which are prescribed by EIA regulations (according to stipulated thresholds) while everything that falls outside prescribed thresholds can proceed without national enviornmnetal clearance. Neither the proposed terminal nor any of its components fall within the prescribed categories. Environmmental recommendation is not a permit or a clearance required by law, it is rather an operational clearance for those who seek the advice and recommendation of the CEA. 22 be large enough so that they can be seen from a reasonable distance at a reasonable speed. • Stations are to be equipped with fire-fighting and fire protection equipment installed in accordance with the requirements of the Fire Department of KMC • Each tank shall be vented to the atmosphere outside of buildings by means of an independent vent pipe which should not be less than 12 ft. in height or 2 ft. above the top of the nearest adjacent building. • All volatile flammable liquid storage tanks shall be installed below ground in compliance with the requirements of the CEYPETCO and CEA • Integral containers of adequate design and capacity should be provided for solid waste, such as discarded cans, bottles, etc. • Proper facilities for storage and disposal of used and waste oil and gas must be provided. • Waste water from the washing of motor vehicles and sewage disposal should be to meet the regulations of the CEYPETCO & CEA. • Fuel should be stored in double walled container to minimize leakage and prevent contamination of ground water. • Other development criteria are given in the Filling Station Development Permit from the CEPETCO. Meda Ela Diversion The drain that runs east to the dividing ridge near Ampitiya in which the Kandy lake is situated, is known as Meda Ela drain. It carries overflow from storm water from Kandy Lake. It was originally an open natural stream and was converted into a stone/brick masonry drain in about 1920. Meda Ela is considered a major conveyance for Storm water discharge in the Kandy city and discharges its waters in to the Mahaveli River at Getambe. 23 Fig 4.11 Drainage pathways of KMTT area With the rapid urbanization of the city the canal has been encroached at several places and poses a threat to flooding of the surrounding areas. It runs in a westward direction as a tunnel for about 461m, thereafter runs in a southwesterly direction as a tunnel for another 70m and becomes an open channel at about 531m from the spillway. It runs as an open channel up to the Goods Shed bus stand where the proposed KMTT main structure will be constructed and crosses the existing bus stand as covered U section before it becomes an open channel on the other side of the bus stand. The section of the covered drain in the project area is in a poor state with the remaining masonry drain which has deteriorated requiring reconstruction and rehabilitation. Discussions were held on the possibilities of assimilating the existing canal with rehabilitations. However, it was determined that this was both unsafe, costlier, and more inefficient than diverting the canal trace. The options considered to 1. Ease in the construction of the deviated Drain section without dealing with the existing flow in the drain, 2. Avoid any difficulty in the Piling works of the main terminal Building when work commences 3. Ease the maintenance and access of the covered drain while the Terminal is in operation. Please see fig. 4 11for the conceptual design of diversion path. 24 For the diversion of Meda Ela for easy and speedy construction, monolithic rectangular conduit is avoided and instead, laying of precast / pre-stressed flat beams over the rectangular monolithic canal section is proposed. Other than that, 3 nos of silt traps are proposed at the selected and most suitable locations to arrest trash and silt at the up-stream to the underground portions of the canal. The 1st silt trap will be established at a location few meters before the beginning of the Conduit section where a machine can be deployed for desilting purposes. This section needs to be an earthen section with mild slopes (Trapezoidal). The rectangular conduit and the trapezoidal section will be joined by a smooth concrete transition and the conduit base will be extended up to the Silt trap. The silt trap will be a 6.0 m (width) x6.0 m (length) x2.0 m (depth) concrete box buried in the stream bed. The four vertical walls will be designed as rectangular horizontal frame section of unit height uniformly loaded from all four sides. The other two silt traps will be established at a suitable location at the confluence of two drainage canals before connecting to the main Meda Ela at the Bo tree. These silt traps will be a 2.0 m (width) x2.0 m (length) x1.5 m 2.5m (depth) concrete box buried in the ground. The four vertical walls will be designed as rectangular horizontal frame section of unit height uniformly loaded from all four sides. The recommendations of the Hydrodynamic Study were acceptable and the outcomes were used for the design of diversion of Meda Ela. The designed flow rate in the study report at the Goods Shed bus stand is 85.673 m3/s for the rain fall event of 25-year return period and 2030 nex 9attern. The deviated Meda Ela section has been designed to carry a design flow of 85.673 m3/s and to be compatible with the upstream designed section. The Consultant, TTI Consulting Engineers has carried out a survey and a detailed inspection of the underground sections. According to the survey, the chainages, invert levels and the cross- sectional shapes are given below. Invert level of the entry point of the 1st tunnel at Goods Shed Bus Stand at chainage 0+804 m is 485.535 m. Cross section of the tunnel is rectangular in shape with a width of 4.60 m and height of 2.92 m. Invert level at the exit point of the 1st tunnel at Goods shed Bus stand near the Bo tree at chainage 0+945 m is 484.405 m. The tunnel cross section at this point is rectangular in shape with width of 4.60 m and height of 2.92 m. 25 Fig. 4.12 Views of Medaela underground area at KMTT main Building site Fig. 4.10 Views of Medaela underground area at Railway Building site To facilitate dry weather flow, around 3% side slope would be introduced towards the center of the canal/tunnel inverts. Either closed tunnel or cut and cover type canal can be chosen for the construction. The existing capacities of tunnel reaches were also estimated using Manning’s formula and they were found to be inadequate for 25yr design runoff and would cause backwater effect if they were 26 left unimproved. Thus, the deviation of Meda Ela will be from the entry point of the 1st tunnel at Goods Shed Bus Stand at chainage 0+804 m to the exit point of the 1st tunnel at Goods shed Bus stand near the Bo Tree at chainage 0+945 m. Figure 4.11 design of proposed diversion to existing section of Meda Ela at KMTT foot print Figure 4.12 Structural design of Meda Ela section Green Building Considerations In order to award the green building certificate, the UDA has developed a points awarding scheme in order to assess each building for certification. Seven areas relevant to Sri Lanka have been considered and points have been allocated accordingly in order to calculate overall score when awarding the green building certificate. These seven areas include: This is directly relevant to ESS3 of the WB’s ESF. • Energy efficiency - design, improvement and quality improvement, evaluation of accuracy and maintenance, • Sustainable site planning and management – site planning, construction management, transportation, • Materials and resource management – recycling and re-use of materials, sustainable use of resources, waste management, and use of green products are highly encouraged for the KMTT project. The procedures stipulated in the Annex 11 will have to be followed in obtaining mining licenses for borrow pit operation and strict supervision on the same will be employed for controlling over extraction of natural resources (Annex 12). 27 • Quality of the building environment – internal air quality, the optimum temperature, the optimum level of visual light and sound, • Water efficiency – rainwater collection and water recycling, enhancement of efficiency, green innovation and socio-cultural compatibility. • Green cover enhancement with tree planting & landscape improvements Trees affect our climate, and therefore our weather, in three primary ways: they lower temperatures, reduce energy usage and reduce or remove air pollutants. Design of each part of the KMTT development has kept the room for green cover enhancement which will uplift the environmental conditions and turn down the thermostat etc. The following tree species will be used for landscape arrangement of the Roof Terrace. The Table 4.2 indicates average height of trees in the natural habitat. In landscape layout maximum height of 4m crown is to be maintained instead of the height indicated in the chart. All trees are to be properly maintained by pruning to obtain horizontally spread crown, to maximize the shading area. Table 4.4: Tree species to be utilized for landscape arrangements of roof terrace of KMTT The KMTT building designs followed the UDA Green Building Specifications up to the extent possible. The UDA Green Building Specifications are designed for both conventional and green building projects. Application for Green Building Certification will have to be carried out during the operational stage of KMTT. As such the Green Building guideline were taken into consideration for KMTT designing. Sewage Disposal and Incorporation of Dual and Low Flush Systems The Kandy City Wastewater Management Project (KCWMP) is expected to be completed by 2021 including commissioning. At present, the construction of the WWTP has been completed and sewer lines has been laid in some parts of he city. According to the current schedule of connection, the KMTT connection will be ready prior to completion of its construction. Therefore, the sewer system will be ready for connection by the time the KMTT is ready for operations. In general, the greywater discharges i.e. greywater from the kitchens and sinks etc. will be discharged via an interceptor to the sewerage system. There are two types of interceptors, one which is installed within the premises and which traps debris etc. The other interceptor is outside the premises where it connects with the sewer line. This interceptor prevents the entering of 28 gases from the sewerage system to the premises. The sewage from flushing of toilets etc. also enters the same sewerage system via another interceptor installed within the premises. Sewage and greywater from all fixtures of KMTT shall be connected to the Kandy sewerage system and disposed to the upcoming sewerage network. The underground sewerage system consists of a sewerage pipe network, sewer manholes, grease traps etc will be embedded to the KMTT building. The sewerage system has been designed in consultation with the Kandy Wastewater Project ensuring the proper connection of KMTT system to the main sewerage network. The inclusion of low flow fixtures is considered to reduce water consumption and greywater/ sewage generation without affecting the health and safety of occupants. The washrooms within the KMTT will use low flush toilet systems via a dual flush system in order to use a lesser amount of water than a normal flush toilet. Dual flush water closets are becoming increasingly popular for their ability to save water on most flushes. This not only reduces the amount of water used, saving resources, it also lowers water bills. Low flow urinals, wash basins with water saving pipes will also be used. Safe Water Consumption Considerations There is important, high quality or scarce resources (groundwater, surface waters) which could be affected by the project although the project site is located in an area which is highly urbanized and commercialized. The water supply requirement in KMTT is to meet mainly the following services: 1. Potable water for cooking and drinking within the facility; 2. Non-potable water for washing and sanitation; and irrigation (gardening) water. As per the calculations the potable water requirement for KMTT operation is 325m3/day. The water sump (drinking water) capacity to be installed in the KMTT will be 1650 cubic meters. Water from the Kandy Municipal Council (KMC) will be the sole supply of potable water. Under the WB funded SCDP, the drinking water supply of the KMC was rehabilitated with work specifically undertaken to detect leaks (leading to non-reveue water (NRW) as well as to enhance storage and treatement capacity by almost 3000 m3. The scheme has capacity to supply this daily requirement to the KMTT. Further strategies like rainwater harvesting and wastewater recovery has been incorporated to the design to reduce consumption from primary sources. Kandy belongs to the wet zone that receives around 2500 mm of rain yearly, hence rainwater storage will serve as a significant source of water for non-potable use. The capacity of the KMTT rainwater harvesting tank is 380 m3. The rainwater which is intercepted by the building gets recycled via a rainwater harvesting system. The rainwater collected will be stored in a sump built 29 underground within the premises and pumped up for non-potable purposes. (Garden taps to water the gardens and connected to flush the toilets via cisterns). Rainwater harvesting will cover areas to be drained inclusive of roofs, hard landscaping areas, turfing and planting areas as well. The system provided will avoid storm water going straight into the external drains outside the terminal premises. Here the rainwater will be considered as a resource rather than a nuisance. The irrigation system will be designed to keep up with the varying nature of different vegetation. The design includes a sprinkler system for turfing areas and a drip irrigation system for trees and shrubs and in addition, hose bibs will be provided for all other gardening areas. The excess rainwater falling on the ground within the KMTT footprint eventually gets discharged via the storm water drains into the Meda Ela. All fixtures, pipes and plumbing fittings will be made out led free material that are intended to convey or dispense water for human consumption within the KMTT premises. Safe & Sustainable energy consumption considerations Energy saving has been a key criterion throughout the electrical design for the KMTT. The most noticeable is the incorporation of occupancy controls to turn off lights when the space is unoccupied (specially in wash rooms). Day lighting has been incorporated into the lighting design, where available, for utilizing controls to minimize or eliminate electric lighting when sufficient day light exists to illuminate the space. Exterior lighting will be designed to comply with dark sky standards. Highly efficient lighting and equipment will be used to contribute to the overall reduction in energy usage, while proper switching and lighting control contributes to the controllability of systems, providing improved building operation. Most of the roof structures shall be provided with high efficiency polycrystalline solar photovoltaic panels to enhance sustainable power generation. All lights will be highly efficient LED (light-emitting diode) lights and general lights will comply with SLS 1458 PART I & II and all the other lights/ fittings will comply with the relevant International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) standards. General purpose lights of the office and shop area will be of a minimum efficacy of 100 lm/W and all the high bay lamps, flood lamps and street lamps will be of a minimum efficacy of 130 lm/W. All outdoor light fittings will be IP 65. Lighting of public areas will be controlled by light dependent relays (LDR) and lighting for toilets and washroom areas will generally be controlled by local passive infra-red (PIR) occupancy sensors. Lighting for office areas will be occupancy sensor controlled and will be dimmable with daylight sensing and control to take maximum advantage of available daylight. 30 Maximizing natural daylight within the building is essential for both physiological and energy efficiency reasons. Hence, the arrangements such as light shelves, skylights and light pipes to bring daylight as deep as possible into interiors will be incorporated. The exterior of the building and the surrounding will require night lighting both for effect and for the public safety. The lighting is for enhancing the surfaces with no spill light into the night sky. The entire external lighting system will be carefully designed and thus there will be no light pollution of nearby external premises. Emergency lighting and exit signs will be provided in accordance with the standards and regulations. The back-up power source for the emergency lighting system will be provided from integral emergency battery ballasts within the specific light fixtures. Required lux levels for specific functional areas within the premises have been developed considering the design guidelines for public transport terminals of Hong Kong and Singapore and CPTED methods (Crime Prevention through Environmental Design). These also comply with the CIBSE Standards and the Sri Lanka Standard Code of Practice for the Energy Efficient Buildings. The outdoor lighting concept consists of lighting up the sky walk, the paths and the steps, the trees, the bridges, the arches, the colonnades and the frontage panels with RGB LED bracket mounted landscape lights, LED step lamps, wall mounted solar lamps, RGB LED wall washers and adjustable LED upright lights. Solar street lamps will also be used. Solar photovoltaic panels shall be placed on every effective roof structure of the KMTT buildings. They can provide sustainable energy which will both reduce the building’s overall energy costs and contribute towards on-site renewable energy generation. With the green energy consumption scenario, it is expected to mix the solar energy generation within the KMTT foot print. The expected solar power output can be forecast on two different bases: considering current roof structures only and considering the first-floor bus parking space as well. The Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) System consists of Solar PV Modules consisting of the required number of Poly-Crystalline PV Modules, Module Mounting Structure, Power Conditioning Unit (PCU) consisting of a Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT), an Inverter, Controls and Protections, Inter-connection Cables and Switches. The output power from the SPV array would be fed into the inverters which convert DC produced by the SPV array to AC and feed it into the main electricity grid after synchronization. In case of grid failure, low or high voltage fluctuations, the SPV system will be out of synchronization and disconnected from the grid. Once the Distributed Generation (DG) set comes into service the PV system will again be synchronized with the DG supply and the load requirement would be met to the extent of availability of power. Pole isolation of inverter output with respect to the grid/ DG power connection need to be provided. Stand by electrical power 31 generator will be fixed with sufficient capacity to meet with the power requirement to be used when the grid power supply is interrupted. An Electric Vehicle Charging Facility will also be introduced into the terminal to cater to the future requirements. The desired location for the Electric Vehicle Charging Facility and the number of charging points has been determined as per the forecasted demand during KMTT operational stage. Facilities for Persons with Disabilities Facilities for the disables such as ramps, toilets, railings etc. were designed as per the guidelines issued by the National Secretariat for Persons with Disabilities (NSPD) in order to meet with the national building regulations. Gender and Inclusion 1. A number of gender and inclusion features have been integrated into the project deisgn: firstly to increase structural safety of women and girls accessing the terminal, the design of the terminal provides facilities such as women-only waiting areas, breastfeeding rooms and sanitation facilities which are in safer locations and well-lit; secondly the TA on urban integration of the terminal will provide gender- informed planning principles together with measures for safe NMT access for all vulnerable groups; thirdly under capacity building activities in Component 3, all stakeholders in the management, operation of the terminal, bus and train drivers and conductors will be sensitized on the issue of sexual harassment. 2. In addition to the above, the project will specifically focus on reducing incidents of sexual harassment in public transport by encouraging reporting such incidents and accommodating relevant authorities to address such incidents effectively. Messaging around zero tolerance of sexual harassment and processes of reporting incidents will be included in and around the terminal, skywalk and the pedestrian public spaces. A kiosk for reporting issues of service provision, suggestions for improvements of the facilities will include specific referral mechanisms for women and girls to report sexual harassment experienced during travel and within the terminal. The kiosk will be linked to a hotline to record and refer cases of sexual harassment to the required law enforcement authority. The 24-hour hotline could be used either in call or SMS form to inform the kiosk. A protocol will be developed for the people working at the kiosk on how to record the complaint against sexual harassment and the method of referring the person to the requested services (police, health, CSOs). They will also need to be trained to handle reports of GBV beyond sexual harassment experienced while using public transport and be able to refer them to additional services such as shelters, legal services and organizations working on GBV service provision. Police, Health, Legal and Women’s Organizations working on GBV response will be engaged and consulted when developing protocols and sensitized on them. The hotline number and usage will be advertised widely throughout the transport system, terminal and skywalk. Safety audits will be integrated into the GRM mechanism to increase safety for 32 female commuters and to notify the management of areas which require further improvements for safety. 3. Fire Safety Considerations The KMTT is a public building and its design, construction and operation will be in full compliance with local building codes, KMC fire department regulations, local legal/ insurance requirements, and in accordance with WBG accepted life and fire safety (L&FS) standards in the EHS guidelines, which ever is stricter will be taken as the standard to apply to the projectWith regard to these objectives: project proponents, architects and professional consulting engineers have demonstrated that the KMTT buildings meet these life and fire safety objectives. Life and fire safety systems and equipment have been designed and will be installed using appropriate prescriptive standards and/ or performance-based design, and sound engineering practices. Life and fire safety design criteria for all existing buildings have been incorporated in all local building codes and fire department regulations requirements. Fire safe design features have been fully incorporated into the KMTT buildings design. All new buildings including transport premises has been designed to the mandatory standards as follows; National • Construction Industry Development Authority (CIDA) Fire Regulations and Specifications. • Guidance notes issued by the Fire Service Department, Colombo International • National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Guidelines • WBG EHS guidelines : Life and Fire Safety KMTT being a large-scale project adherence to the safety procedures are very vital ensuring the safety of the workers and the safety of the community. As stipulated in the Annex 15 and 16 the safety procedures are mandatory to be followed by the Contractor. Table 4.3 Fire & Safety design Major Considerations Measures Standard Control Smoke Spread Smoke Extraction System Limit fire spread within Compartmentation building Sprinkler System Means of Escape Fire Alarm Evacuation Alarm Adequate Escape Route 33 Smoke Extraction System Facilitate Fire Service Access to the Operations Building Smoke Extraction System Fire Fighting System Consideration for maintenance of ventilation Increased vehicle emissions within the KMTT is to be expected which will primarily include carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), oil and gasoline fumes and smoke haze from diesel engines. The ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers) guidelines indicate that an adequate supply of fresh air is required to control CO and NOx in this type of environment in order to satisfactorily control air contaminants. In this design special care has been taken to ensure that: (i) Noise levels within the area is restricted to allowable limits as per the CEA standards; (ii) Air Circulation Effectiveness (ACE) in each space complies with ASHRAE 129 – 1997; and (iii) Environmental, Health and Safety aspects comply with national regulations and EHS Guidelines of the World Bank. The ground floor of the parking building and bus bay areas, the ground floor and first floor of the terminal building will be provided with automatically operated ceiling suspended ductless smoke extraction systems using variable pitch axial jet fans, as per the ASHRAE guidelines. Extracted polluted air from the two underpasses and the ground floor of the Terminal Building will be released at the roof level of the building through 4 Nos. of vertical duct risers. However, such a treatment is not required on the ground floor of the parking building and on the first floor of the terminal building because those areas are adequately open to the external environment from all sides. Those systems will be controlled by sensor modules comprising of carbon monoxide (CO) sensors and nitrogen oxides (NOx) sensors, ensuring air quality standards stipulated by the Central Environment Authority (CEA) of Sri Lanka are complied with. Underpasses and closed corridors will be provided with adequate ventilation and smoke control during any fire situation. Reversible type fans will be selected for this purpose. All cooking areas will be provided with proprietary kitchen hoods and ducted extract systems. All toilets and kitchen areas will be designed for a negative pressure. To achieve this, extraction required to maintain a minimum of 6 ~ 8 A Ch/h is considered in the design. 34 Green cover enhancement with tree planting & landscape improvements Trees affect our climate, and therefore our weather, in three primary ways: they lower temperatures, reduce energy usage and reduce or remove air pollutants. Design of each part of the KMTT development has kept room for green cover enhancement which will uplift the environmental conditions and turn down the thermostat etc. The following tree species will be used for landscape arrangement of Roof Terrace. The Table 4.2 indicates average height of trees in natural habitat. In landscape layout maximum height of 4m crown is to be maintained instead of height indicated in chart. All trees are to be properly maintained by pruning to obtain horizontally spread crown, to maximize the shading area. Table 4.4: Tree species to be utilized for landscape arrangements of roof terrace of KMTT No. Scientific Name Other Name Family Details 01 Cassia fistula Ehela, golden Fabaceae Common rain tree tropical and subtropical ornamental flowering plant distributed in Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia 02 Phanera purpurea Kobolile Leguminosae Height : 6 m orchid tree, Common Hong Kong shaded tree orchid tree with showy large pinkish purple flowers which is native to South China, Hong Kong and Southeast Asia 35 03 Saraca asoca Asoka Fabaceae Height : 6-9 m, evergreen rain forest tree with fragrant flowers distributed in Indian sub- continent, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. 05 Mesua thwaitesii Diya na Clusiaceae Endangered species which is endemic to Sri Lanka 06 Campnosperma zeylanicum Aridda Anacardiacea Endangered, e Vulnerable species which is endemic to Sri Lanka 36 07 Jacaranda acutifolia Bignoniaceae Height : 15 m Tropical tree with bell shaped mauve flowers and native to Tropical America Asia, Africa & Australia. 08 Plumeria obtusa Araliya/ Apocynaceae Height : 8 m Graveyard Common flower ornamental plant with fragrant flowers which is native to the West Indies, around warm climates 09 Murraya paniculata Etteriya Rutaceae Height : 6-7 m Orange Tropical jessamine, ornamental mock orange, tropical, plant with scented white flowers which is distributed in Indian sub- continent, south-eastern Asia northern Australia 37 10 Tecoma stans yellow trumpet Bignoniaceae Height : 1.5 to bush, yellow 5m bells, Ornamental tree yellow elder with bright golden yellow trumpet shaped flowers which is native to the Americas 11 Bridelia moonii Path kela Phyllanthacea Endangered and e Vulnerable species Which is endemic to Sri Lanka 12 Dillenia triquetra Diyapara Dilleniaceae Endangered and Vulnerable species Which is endemic to Sri Lanka 38 13 Dillenia retusa Godapara Dilleniaceae Endangered and Vulnerable species Which is endemic to Sri Lanka 14 Syzygium rubicundum Kurumbattiya Myrtaceae Endangered Species which is endemic to Sri Lanka 39 15 Amherstia nobilis Kukulkakul Fabaceae Height : 15 m Queen of Common flowering ornamental trees, plant with Pride of drooping Burma clusters of flowers Which is Native to Burma and humid tropical climates 16 Litsea longifolia Rath keliya Lauraceae Endangered and Vulnerable species which is endemic to Sri Lanka Shifting of existing utility lines and demolition of structures Demolition of the Good Sheds Bus Stand and the Shifting of utility lines enabling the construction of KMTT will be undertaken through a separate works package administered and managed by the on-going World Bank funded SCDP. Safeguards due diligence for this works package has been completed as per SCDP’s EAMF , complete with bank review and clearance. Accordingly, the shifting of utilities and demolision of existing structures will be completed and the site will be fully cleared before hand over to the KMTT D&B contractor. Associated facilities linked Kandy Multimodal Transport Terminal Project will be implemented to establish an with the proposed project integrated transport facility based on the recommendations under the transport management strategy which has been developed considering all the transport modes and their functional aspects. As a result of the said approach the train transportation is taken as the most important transport mode proposed to be integrated expecting more usage of trains in the future. Accordingly, the majority of land space owned by the Department of Railway will be utilized for KMTT project by providing them the better facilities relocating the existing functions ensuring smooth railway operation in all stages of KMTT project implementation. As such the following facilities will be developed at the railway premises parallel to the KMTT project implementation. Given that these works will (i) not be funded by the KMTT or necessary if KMTT wasn’t required (ii) will take place contemporaneously, (iii) within the same project location and facilitating the functions of the new bus terminal with little disruption to the railway, these facilities have been considered 40 linked/associated to the development of the KMTT. 2It is important to note that while the KMTT has been spun off as a stand-alone project3 and hence coming under the ESF (from its parent project of SCDP operating under safeguard policies), the following work contracts will be managed and administered by the on-going SCDP, hence coming under the Bank’s safeguard policies and ESF requirements. Therefore, for the following contracts safeguards due diligence procedures as agreed in the EAMF for SCDP has been applied, and as such (i) Environmnetal Screening Reports have been prepared and dislosed; and based on the screening recommendation (ii) ESMPs have been prepared and (iii) incorporated into the relevant tender documents. 1. Construction of 09 storied building for railway quarters 2. Construction of two storied timber workshop 3. Construction of 04 storied administration and workshop building KMTT project will be one of the most attractive buildings in the future with its modern facilities and a significant transformation is expected along with the development resulting in an increase in land value at the location in the future. As such there is a high potential for the development of three railway buildings which are listed as historic buildings located near the proposed KMTT site in the future for adaptive reuse. However, when this plan will be executed and the source of funding is unknown at present, hence for the moment the restoration of the old railway buildings will not be considered an associated facility. Project Management A Project Management Unit (PMU) will be established in Kandy under the Ministry of Urban Development, Water Supply and Housing Facilities, to implement the proposed KMTT Project. The PMU will be strengthened with the Environmental and Social staff for effective implementation of ESMP of KMTT. This will include a Senior Environment and Safety Specialist, Senior Social Specialist, Livelihoods Restoration Specialist and Safeguard Officers, as required. Agency Kandy Multimodal Transport Terminal Project Ministry of Urban and Water Supply Required staff will be recruited along with cabinet approval and negotiation of the KMTT Project. Until such time the following key persons will be serving as the contact persons. Contact person - Mr. KAD Chandradasa, Project Director Strategic Cities Development Project (SCDP), Ministry of Megapolis and Western Development Tel: 0112 887320 Fax: 0112868188 Email: pdscdp19@gmail.com Mrs. Gangadari Ranawaka, Deputy Project Director (Envt.) Strategic Cities Development Project (SCDP), 2 Under the ESF, the term “Associated Facilities” means facilities or activities that are not funded as part of the project and, in the judgment of the Bank, are: (a) directly and significantly related to the project; and (b) carried out, or planned to be carried out, contemporaneously with the project; and (c) necessary for the project to be viable and would not have been constructed, expanded or conducted if the project did not exist. 3 The decision to spin off KMTT a a stand alone project was taken in September 2019 mainy due to its complexity to be handled as a sub-project under SCDP as well as implementation timeline going well beying the SCDP project closing. 41 Ministry of Megapolis and Western Development Tel:0112 887320 (Exe. 115) Fax:0112868188 Email:gangadariscdp@gmail.com 42 5. Description of the Existing Physical and Social Environment 5.1 Physical features – Ecosystem components Topography and The project area lies in the physiographic region of Highlands, and the topography range terrain about 512 m - 515 m MSL. The topography in this area consists of an undulating terrain. The Topography map of the proposed project area is shown in the Figure 5.1. Figure 5.1: Topography map of the Project area (Source: © 2014 FloodMap.net) 43 Soil (type and The main soil type is the Reddish Brown Latosolic (RBL) soils and Immature Brown quality) Loams (IBL) made from the weathering of underlying rocks and boulders and rock outcrops. The top soil of RBL soil is reddish brown or brown, while the sub soil is red to dark reddish brown and the top soil color of IBL soil is dark brown to dark gray brown with a dark yellowish brown to brown sub soil. The texture of RBL soil is mostly clay loam and the distinct feature of this soil is well- developed structure with friable consistence to tolerate wide range of moisture conditions. Hence, the RBL soil is very productive. The texture of IBL soil is loam and contains minerals such as mica and feldspar. Both soil types are favorable for the deep rooted trees, which already exists in the area. The central province including the Kandy district is considered as Central Fragile Area due to the vulnerability to landslides and hence the Soil Conservation Act No. 25 of 1951, as amended by Act No.24 of 1996 has been declared as conservation areas. The proposed boundary of the “Conservation Areas” coincides with the 300m contour line with a few exceptions. The National Building Research Organization (NBRO) has delineated such areas in relation to the degree of the potential risk for development activities. As shown in the Landslide hazard zone map (Annex 10) of sheet 54 for Kandy (which includes the project area) published by National Building Research organization and the Survey Department (2000), shows that the proposed project area denoting in “Yellow” color is considered as “Modest Level of Land slide Hazard” where slight danger of landslides exists. Bore hole investigations were done though twenty-five locations for geological survey for representing the entire site. As per the results, Bedrock consists of Biotite Gneiss and weathered Marble rocks, upper most layer is a filling which is lateritic filing mixed ungraded garbage and boulders. From the filled layer to bedrock, dense sand layer is observed. Sand layer is softening closer to groundwater table due to fluctuation of ground water table. (Annex 06 for Borehole locations and Geotechnical reports ) Surface water The historic Kandy lake and the associated Meda Ela is the most immediate surface water body in the close proximity to the project site (Figure 5.2). Meda Ela flows underneath the (sources, distance KMTT site and the Kandy Lake is about 1 Km upstream to the east of the city. The water from the site, local floor is towards the Western reach of the Kandy city, where Meda Ela empties to Mahaweli uses and quality) River at Gatambe junction in Peradeniya (about I Km from the site). The Meda Ela spill canal is the most immediate surface water way found in the project area. The key hydro morphological features of the Kandy Lake is given below; 44 Figure 5.2: Hydrological network in the project area This area has no proper drainage system, but due to the slope variation, water is flowing down through gravity towards the Meda Ela and empty into the Mahweli River. Flooding can be anticipated in the downstream of Meda Ela due to the heavy flow of the existing Kandy lake spill way. The Water is not been used for any purposes due to heavy loads of solid and liquid wastes disposals by the city dwellers. Ground water Groundwater in Kandy exists mostly in the form of semi-confined Aquifers in the first 100 m of the bedrock. This groundwater exists both as small pockets of underground reservoirs (sources, distance and as fissure groundwater. The yields of these aquifers are not very well known and are from the site, local limited as they recharge very slowly. In addition, there exist high-yielding groundwater uses and quality) resources along the alluvial flood plains of Mahaweli River that are mostly recharged by the river water. The amount of groundwater use by the piped water supply schemes within the Kandy region is estimated at 8,567 m3/day (around 12 % of the total piped water supply). Further, the percentage of the population relying on groundwater in the district is almost 52% and individual domestic groundwater consumers are estimated to be using approximately 15 million m3 annually. The project site is at a highly urbanized area and the pipe bone water is available for use. 45 Air quality Air emissions by sources such as vehicular and commercial emissions are the major pollutant sources that contribute baseline ambient air quality levels in the area. Measured (any pollution issues) ambient air quality levels by NBRO with respect to SO2, NO2, CO, O3 and PM10 and PM25 were below the Ambient Air Quality Standards stipulated by the Ministry of Environment & Natural Resources of Sri Lanka (Extraordinary Gazette No. 1562/22 August 15, 2015 ) Concentrations of Air Quality Parameters at each Sampaling Locations 100 Concentrations (µg/m3) 80 60 40 20 0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 Location SO2 NO2 O3 PM10 PM25 Source: Monitoring of Baseline Ambient Air Quality Levels measured by National Building Research Organization (NBRO)-2015 for the SCDP Figure 5.4: Air Pollutant concentrations in the KMC area Sampling location of the Kandy city for the above measurements. L1 At The Good Shed area (In front of Post Office) L2 At the Clock Tower Junction L3 At the Queens Hotel Junction L4 In Front of The District Secretariat L5 At the Ampitiya Junction L6 At the Mosque Close to Kandy City Centre L7 At the Katugasthota Market L8 At the Gatambe Junction Maximum Permissible Air Quality levels Remarks Pollutant Level 1-hour time average (µg/ m3) at Good Shed Bus Stand SO2 200 54 NO2 250 69 All recorded levels CO 30000 5700 are below the O3 200 20 permissible limits 24-hour time Average 46 PM10 100 89 PM2.5 50 45 Establishment of baseline measurement of noise levels at the site is the responsibility of the Contractor as indicated in the ESMP and it has to be periodicaly monitored enabling the contractor to implement the timely required mitigatory actions 5.2 Ecological features – Eco-system components Vegetation Biogeographically, the proposed sub-project area lies within the wet zone, but it is closer (trees, ground cover, to the boundary of the intermediate zone. Floristically it is under the Kandy and upper aquatic vegetation) Mahaweli floristic zone. Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests and Humid Zone Dry Patana Grasslands are typical natural vegetation formations in the Kandy and Upper Mahaweli Floristic Zone. The land in and around the proposed sub-project area are within the Kandy city centre and as such has been under human influence and cleared for human settlements and urban developments for a long time. Therefore, the area is devoid of any significant natural floral and faunal habitats (as the entire landscape of the site and its surround is completely built), excepting a few large scattered trees which will be preserved and integrated to the proposed development. As such, the need for detail floar/fauna assessments were considered not necessary. Instead, an inventory of large trees was undertaken and is provided below. The following 48 trees belong to 16 species, none of which have a threatened, vulnerable conservation status or are endemic. These species are commonly found in home gardens and on road reservations in the country. Location of GBH CS Species name Local Name the tree (cm) 1 Persea americana Ali pera 77 2 Ficus hispida kotadimbula 79 Siyambala 3 Tamarindus indica 315 Spathodea 4 Kuda-Illa 335 From Post campanulata 5 Office Edge up Eucalyptus Spp. 6 to Bo tree Samenia saman Pare Mara 365 (Main KMTT Artocarpus 7 Building) Kos 107 heterophyllus 8 Jam Tree 75 Ficus religiose 9 Hanging Bo tree Bo Tree 10 Ficus religiosa Bo 402 47 11 Ficus religiosa Bo 365 12 Mutingia calabura Jam tree 162 13 Mutingia calabura Jam Tree 168 Artocarpus 14 Kos 239 heterophyllus Artocarpus 15 Kos 200 heterophyllus 16 Caryota urens Kithul 112 17 Mangifera indika Amba 182 18 Mangifera indika Amba 270 Artcarpus 19 Kos 200 Heterophyllus Artcarpus 20 Car Park Kos 210 Heterophyllus 21 Mangifera indika Amba 133 22 Cananga odorata vanasapu 187 23 Cocos nucifere pol 37 24 Azediracta indika Kohomba 156 25 Mangifera indika Amba 70 26 Psidium guajava Pera 43 27 Persea americana Ali pera 127 28 Persea americana Ali pera 98 29 Mangifera indika Amba 170 30 Ficus religiosa Bo 250 31 Terminalia catappa Kottamba 87 32 Cananga odorata Vanasapu 232 33 Terminalia catappa Kottamba 57 Bus stop Spathodea 34 Kuda Illa 126 campanulata Spathodea 35 Kuda Illa 35 campanulata 36 Mangifera indika Amba 132 37 Caryota urenus Kithul 103 38 Caryota urenus Kithul 114 Artocarpus 39 Kosos 49 heterophyllus 40 Persea americana Ali Pera 77 41 Cocos Nicifera Pol 70 42 Quarters Block Caryota urens Kithul 100 43 Caryota urens Kithul 99 Artocarpus 44 kos 70 heterophyllus 45 Caryota urens Kithul 120 46 Ficus bengalensis Nuga 47 Ficus religiosa Bo 302 48 Cocos nucifera Pol 185 48 Note: CS – Conservation Status The above-mentioned list of trees that are considered impinging on the construction footprint will be validated against the final design and building foot print. The green building approach of the project would ensure that minimum number of trees will be removed and that as many as possible will be integrated into the landscape plan. As such, the contractor will be required to provide a justification for removal against each tree and this will be approved by the engineer subject to review by the Environmental Specialist of the PMU. The responsibility of cutting of trees that are identified for removal will lie with the contractor while the tree logs will be property of the government of Sri Lanka. As such, the PMU will liaise with the KMC and the Sri Lanka timber coporration for the removal of the cut trees. (those that have a timber value will be acquired by the Timber Corporation while the balance will be disposed by the KMC) Overgrown grass and shrubbery will be cleared to make space for additional parking space. Presence of wetlands No wetlands are present at the proposed site Fish and fish habitats Medaela runs through the KMTT site, however, no fish species have been recorded in the canal due to high pollution levels of its water. Birds (waterfowl, No waterfowls and migratory bird species encountered within the sub-project area. Few migratory birds, others) terrestrial bird species were identified in and surrounding area of the proposed project. Crows, Kingfisher and Minas were observed at the area during the field visits. Presence of special There are no special habitats around the area as the area surrounding the proposed site habitat areas (special is highly urbanized and built up area. designations and identified sensitive zones) 5.3 Socio-economic Features (Note: the following summary has been extracted from the social impact assessment conducted as part of the RAP preparation for KMTT. The SIA considers only 8-acre extent of the land within which the KMTT will be constructed. For full details refer the RAP at https://www.scdp.lk/social_report The KMTT site comprise of a business population operating within the Goodsheds bus stand and its surrounds providing direct/indirect services to the large commuter population. The RAP prepared by SCDP records a total population of 820, who include 726 men and 94 women, who operate within the construction footprint, i.e., the technical boundary (ITB) and its immediate 49 buffer zone (IBZ) 4 who will be affected by the KMTT. The following table provides a summary of the population within the GSBS site who will suffer impacts. SN AP Category ITB IBZ Transitional sites Total Business Operators 1 KMC leaseholder business operators 7 - - 7 2 SLR leaseholder business operators 4 1 - 5 3 Idakada business operators 15 - - 15 4 Titleholder business operators - 7 - 7 Sub-total 26 8 34 Tenant Business Operators 5 Tenant business operators of KMC leaseholders 87 - - 87 6 Tenant business operators of SLR Leaseholders 2 - - 2 7 Tenant business operators of Idakada occupants 18 - - 18 8 Tenant business operators of titleholders - 20 - 20 Sub-total 107 20 127 Rentiers of Business Premises 9 KMC leaseholder (kadalabin) Rentiers 137 - - 137 10 SLR leaseholder rentiers 1 - - 1 11 Idakada occupant rentiers 43 - - 43 12 Titleholder rentiers - 11 - 11 Sub-total 181 11 - 192 Others 13 Mobile Vendors 150 - - 150 14 Shop Assistants 132 113 - 245 15 Three wheel operators 65 - - 65 16 Titleholder landowners 2 - - 2 Sub-total 349 113 - 462 Operators of Public Utilities in GSBS and Bogambara Transitional Site 17 Leaseholders providing public utilities 1 - 2 3 18 Employees public utilities - - 2 2 Sub-total 1 - 4 5 TOTAL 664 152 4 820 The project will affect a total household population of 3,688 distributed among the 820 households with a mean household size of 4.5. Place of A large number of APs (nearly 29%) comes from the KMC area itself (consisting of people listed residence of under nearby neighbourhoods and elsewhere in KMC/Gangawata DSD) but the rest of APs are the APs drawn from the surrounding areas or elsewhere in Sri Lanka. While the three-wheel operators and mobile vendors are mainly from urban low-income communities in the vicinity of GSBS, some 4 Note: ITB: Inside Technical Boundary – Project stipulated boundary of the developmet project marked out in a map and or using boundary markers on the ground IBZ: Immediate Buffer Zone – Area adjoining the technical boundary of the project likely to experience direct or indirect project impcts TS: Transitional Sites- the sites where an interim measure intended for the purpose of maintaining services until such time it is replaced by a permanent arrangement in keeping with the longterm design. 50 of them and the other categories of APs, are drawn from a larger area covering several administrative divisions. Refer annex 19 for statistics. Length of Of the larger categories of APs, mobile vendors reported the longest duration of presence in GSBS operation in the (nearly 22 years), followed by leaseholder business operators (17 years), three wheel operators GSBS (nearly 17 years), rentiers of business premises (16 years), tenant business operators (9 years) and shop assistants (7.3 years – with 50% having less than 5 years). Demographics Gender With regard to gender distribution, there is significant variation depending on the category of APs. All the three-wheel operators are men, which is not surprising since the participation of women as three-wheel operators is significantly low across the country. In all other categories of APs too, men out number women. The percentage of women is highest among rentiers (20%) of whom the majority are in the KMC leaseholder rentiers category. Most of the original grantees of shops (kadalabin) are men, but there are some women too who are from politically connected families though not necessarily involved in business. As expected, they rent out these premises to others drawing a regular rent income in the process. Some female descendants of the male shop grantees too have inherited the tenure of these shops, following the death or onset of old age of the original grantees. This pattern explains the relatively higher presence of females among rentiers compared to other categories of APs. While tough competition for business in GSBS tends to wean out women from most enterprises, women have established a niche market in a limited number of trades such as cooking, tailoring, processing and selling of betel quids and selling of bags, purses and fancy goods. Female representation among business operators and tenant business operators is equal in number. The proportion of women among shop assistants and mobile vendors is 9%. Education levels The educational levels vary significantly with the business operators, tenant business operators, rentiers and shop assistants reporting relatively higher levels of education than the other categories of APs. As shown in Annex 19, 61% of the APs have higher level of education having completed 11-13 years of schooling and reached the standards of General Certificate of Education (Ordinary Level) or General Certificate of Education (Advanced Level). Another 34% of the APs reported having completed 10 years of schooling but without a formal certificate of education. Only 5% of the APs have not attended a school and they are mainly among the elderly group of APs. The relatively higher level of education among shop assistants is an important factor to be considered in that it may give them a head start in possible retraining and efforts at skill enhancement programmes also considering that they have the second lowest average age. Ethnicity and religion The largest number of project affected persons is Sinhalese, followed by Muslims and Tamils. Taking into account all categories of APs, Sinhalese comprise nearly 50% of APs as compared to 74.4% of the district population. In contrast, the Muslims who constituted 15.9% of all APs constitute 14.1% of the district population. The Tamils constituting 11.2% of the district population make up 11.3% of all APs. In other words, there is an underrepresentation of Sinhalese and a corresponding over representation of Muslims among the project affected persons. Various categories of business operators in GSBS are neither socially nor spatially segregated along ethnic lines, with business and social ties commonly cutting across 51 ethnic divisions in this venue. There are, however, ethnic preference for certain trades. For instance, mobile phone business, which is one of the largest single business operations in this transport hub, is largely controlled by Muslims who are connected with one another since they generally come from Muslim towns such as Akurana. Similarly, Sinhalese dominate in the fruit trade from wholesale trade downwards. The two farm shops in GSBS are run by Tamil traders. These patterns indicate possible recruitment of traders, shop assistants, mobile traders and three-wheel operators along ethnic and kinship lines by those first established in these enterprises. The same social ties are also mobilized for mutual support and protection of each other in the relevant trades. As for religious activities in GSBS, the Sinhalese Buddhist traders lead the daily ritual operations near the Buddha statue and Bodhi tree at the southern entrance of GSBS. The Muslim traders visit the nearby mosques for their Friday prayers, in particular. The Tamil traders make daily ritual observances within their shops themselves. On the other hand, the traders from different communities often come together to celebrate major religious festivals such as Vesak, Poson or Christmas. Livelihoods Both owner business operators as well as tenant business operators are engaged in a variety of businesses of different scale. As evident from the SIA carried out as part of the RAP (Dec 2017), the main business catering to bus commuters in GSBS is mobile phones and related services, followed by fruits, water and snacks, service centres such as barber saloons, tailor shops, lottery sales and betting centres etc., sale of other products such as fancy goods, toys and handbags etc. and a range of tea houses and eating places. Out of 161 businesses, 48 persons (29.8%) are engaged in selling and repairing of mobile phones and other electronic devices; 39 persons (24.2%) are engaged in selling fruits, water and snacks; 26 persons (16.1%) are running hotels, restaurants and eatery places; 25 persons (15.5%) are providing a variety of services such as communication centres, tailoring shops, salons; and 23 persons (14.2%) are selling a mix of various other commodities. The mobile vendors are part of a supply chain that operates in the Kandy region. Generally, these vendors prepare their own supplies (e.g. making vade or cooking gram), obtained them on credit from wholesalers in the central market (e.g. fruits), shops in GSBS (e.g. water, cool drinks, snacks) or suppliers who bring commodities in bulk in three wheelers or other vehicles. When they obtain supplies from other traders, these mobile vendors usually earn a commission from the sales. Thus, the mobile vendors are part of a network of traders catering to over 300,000 commuters passing through GSBS. The mobile vendors are usually at the lowest level of the supply chain with a subsistence level of livelihood and the associated risks, vulnerabilities and shocks. Mobile vendors work in shifts with late night mobile vendors catering to the needs of long-distance commuters. There is a variety of employees in the business establishments in GSBS. They include salespeople, waiters, cooks, cleaners, tailors, barbers and day labourers. They are drawn from a wider geographical area, inclusive of low-income urban communities near GSBS (e.g. Deiyannewela, Suduhumpola, Hantana Road and Atupattiya), marginal plantation communities in Galaha and from elsewhere in the country. For instance, a number of 52 cooks employed in eating houses as kotthu5 makers (koththu bas) commuted to work in GSBS from Galaha situated some 25km away from Kandy. There are many three-wheeler taxi drivers who operate near the GSBS whose main income is from hires. Refer annex 19 detail breakdown of statistics according to AP category on the social dimensions discussed above. Gender- 4. Personal safety of women in public transport is an issue nationally in Sri Lanka. A study Related Issues conducted by UNFPA at the national level states that at least 90% of women have been subjected to sexual harassment when using public transport6. Experiences of sexual harassment contributes towards creating an environment of insecurity, which limits women’s full participation in public life, employment and education, especially as women from lower socio-economic strata depend more on public transport than men7,8. This experience leads women to either drop out from the labor force due to lack of safety during travel or resort to use of private transport as an alternative. In some instances, women change their location of residence to avoid sexual harassment 9. Studies reflect very low rates of women seeking support from law enforcement and knowledge of services that were available to report harassment. A GBV Risk Assessment was conducted and the project received a low risk rating of 8.75 for the construction phase. However, GBV risk mitigating measures have been included in the ESMP and the implementing agency will be fully sensitivzed to this particular risk. Also, GBV reporting will be integreated in the GRM mechanism and requirements will be included in the bidding documents for a Code of Conduct (CoC) which addresses GBV. Labor Issues The scope of construction work of KMTT is comparatively large, and thus requires a substantial work force, which is estimated to be around 150-200 persons. The contractor/s may or may not be able to find the required labour force and associated goods and services locally for a number of reasons, among them worker unavailability and lack of technical skills and capacity. Therefore, a sizeable proportion of the labour force may have to be brought in from outside the project area. On the other hand, it is anticipated, as in many cases, that this influx will be compounded by an influx of other people (“followers”) who follow the incoming workforce with the aim of selling them goods and services, or in pursuit of job or business opportunities. The in-migration of labour can provide potential benefits for the community, including economic opportunities through employment and/or training by the project, contributions to the local economy by selling goods and services, the provision of local infrastructure (such as access roads, power, or water connection) which is developed for the project and which serves the community beyond the project duration. However, labour camps are 5 “Kottu” is a popular local snack made from chopping of vegetables, meat, spices and wheat flour, the process involving sound effects and instant preparation. 6 Sexual Harassment on public trains and buses, UNFPA (2015) {unpublished} 7 Sexual Harassment on public trains and buses, UNFPA Sri Lanka (2015) {unpublished} 8 Asian Development Bank, 2014. Rapid Assessment of Sexual Harassment In Public Transport and Connected Spaces in Karachi. Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project - document/152881/44067-012-tacr-19.pdf 9 Solotaroff, J. L., Joseph, G., & Kuriakose, A. (2018). Getting to Work. Washington, DC: World Bank, Sexual Harassment on public trains and buses, UNFPA Sri Lanka (2015) {unpublished} 53 likely to be located within the city/suburbs or within the project site itself. Either way the camps will be close to establishments and resdiences (an estimated labor strength of 200) and as such a certain level of risks pertaining to social conflicts, spread of diseases increase of illict behavior and crime, discontent among local community, burden on existing public utilities, alcohol and drug abuse among the workforce, gender-based violence etc etc can be envisaged. However, given Kandy is such a busy tourist city with a large migratory population who enter the city for numerous purposes and numerous ongoing construction sites, the risk posed by 200 labourers (most of whom would be from Kandy itself) is not considered very significant. A separate Labor Management Procedure (LMP) has been prepared to address these issues relating to labor management and the risks associated with labor influx. Issues relating In Sri Lanka about 8.7% of the total population above the age of 5 live with some form to disability of disability, and it is estimated that about 300,000 people in the 18-60 age group have and universal some form of disability. About 57% of disabled people are male, and 43% are female, as access of 2012. The need to address concerns relating to people with disabilities has become all the more critical with the Ministry of Health (2014) estimating a potential 24.2% increase in disabled persons by 2040. Among others, in Sri Lanka, the problems experienced by people with disabilities has been found to be significant in the case of accessibility and public transport. In terms of accessibility, people with disabilities generally do not have access to ramps, handicapped bathrooms in public properties, or access to a sign language interpreter for those with hearing impairments. Further, public transport is often the only type of transport that can be afforded by people with disabilities. However, over speeding from one stop to another leaving people to either cram inside or get left behind, makes getting on and off the bus itself a difficult and dangerous process for those with physical disabilities. Furthermore, access to good quality aids (e.g., hearing aids, braille, etc) for people in need are unaffordable to many as a result, they are not able to understand public announcements made or follow instructions in general. In light of these challenges, people with disabilities fare badly on many socio-economic indicators in Sri Lanka. For instance, a survey conducted in 2011 indicated that 34% of children with disabilities are not receiving primary education, which soon increased to 40% in 2012. Likewise, discrimination against people with disabilities is extremely high in Sri Lanka, especially with regards to employment. As of 2012, an estimated 70.9% of people with disabilities are considered to be unemployed. The project will include design considerations to provide facilities for the disabled such as ramps, toilets, railings etc. were designed as per the guidelines issued by the National Secretariat for Persons with Disabilities (NSPD) in order to meet with the national building regulations. Vulnerable ‘Vulnerable Groups’ are persons who may be disproportionately impacted or further groups disadvantaged by the project(s) as compared with any other groups due to their vulnerable 54 status10, and that may require special engagement efforts to ensure their equal representation in the consultation and decision-making process associated with the project. Among the persons displaced by the KMTT project were 128 vulnerable or disadvantaged persons comprise 82 males and 46 females. They included (i) 45 persons suffering from chronic illnesses (ii) 4 persons with disabilities; iii) 28 persons who are over and above 70 years of age; (iv) 34 women headed households without any support; and (v) 17 households who are living below the poverty line. Apart from the above mentioned economically displaced vulnerable groups, construction work of KMTT and its operations can cause adverse impacts on several other vulnerable and disadvantaged groups. They would include the following groups. • Women workers at the construction site may possibly face gender discrimination in terms of wage disparities, deprivation of their labor rights, and access to reasonable sanitary facilities. They can also be subject to gender-based violence and sexual harassment and exploitation. • Children and adolescents who had dropped out of school and are from poor families may be motivated to find employment in construction work thereby becoming vulnerable to labor exploitation, sexual harassment and exploitation, and alcohol and drug abuse and sometimes drug peddling. • The street beggars who are dependent on cash assistances provided by commuters and business operators at GSBS will lose their incomes, and may experience restricted access to alternative locations for begging. • Poor women and children in the surrounding slum communities may be induced to engage in high risk behaviors such as prostitution, alcohol and drug peddling etc. in order to find incomes by serving the labor teams. • The elderly and disabled commuters may experience difficulties to enter the KMTT complex via Skywalk having to walk a long-way from the point of entry to the Skywalk. • Poor commuters may find difficult to afford to pay for commuter services at KMTT such as food and drinks, sanitation facilities etc. as the charges for those services will be comparatively high. • Women and girls accessing the terminal, skywalk, and pedestrian public spaces may be subject to sexual harassment and gender-based violence. Consultations with vulnerable APs who were displaced by the project need to be and are being continued, and their requests for any assistance are treated with priority. Moreover, they are also invited to participate in livelihood related training programs conducted by the livelihood consultant team. Access to information and participation in consultations by these vulnerable persons/groups are largely curtailed by their illiteracy or low education to understand information disseminated, and physical disabilities, absence of careers/family support to accompany them, and lack of affordability to spend on transport, communication tools etc. to participate in consultative processes. Providing access to information and encouraging their participation in consultations require special 10 Vulnerable status may stem from an individual’s or group’s race, national, ethnic or social origin, color, gender, language, religion, political or other opinion, property, age, culture, literacy, sickness, physical or mental disability, poverty or economic disadvantage, and dependence on unique natural resources. 55 measures such as face- to-face verbal communications, public address systems, help desks at bus operating sites including KMTT, a kiosk for reporting incidences or sexual harassments for women and girls at bus operating sites and terminals, a grievance redress mechanism at the construction site to report incidences of gender-based violence, and a modest travel allowance for their participation in consultative meetings. Public Given the scale of construction works envisaged for KMTT, dust, noise and vibration inconveniences issues, traffic congestion are expected to be significantly high during the construction and other period. Access to private residence, commercial establishments, and government and construction- private institutions may also be constrained and made inconvenient during the Related construction period. There are also risks associated with workers and public safety at the Impacts construction site. The ESMP prepared for the project includes mitigation measures for addressing these risks. Some of these include completely delineating the construction site and fencing to restrict public entry to the site during construction, erecting dust and noise barriers around the site, controlling dust emissions by wet spraying of construction sites and roads at regular intervals, temporarily relocating the entire bus operation to pre-identified sites within the city (which has been incrementally implemented already), displaying warning signs and other precautionary measures, requiring Contractor to hire a Safety Advisor and prepare and implement a safety management plan during construction and operational phases, etc. Parallel to KMTT construction, the public transport operation plan will be implemented in order to reduce the traffic congestion. Impacts will have to be managed by delineating the entire site with a continuous line of fencing restricting public entry during the construction period. 5.4 Other Features Residential/Sensitive Proposed project area is situated facing the Kandy Peradeniya road, which is one Areas (Eg, Hospitals, of the most congested roads in Kandy during School and office hours. Kandy Schools) General Hospital is located within 500m radius. Girls’ High School and Swarnamali Girls’ College are also situated very close to the proposed site. In addition to these government schools, private educational institutions, few residential places, commercial shopping complexes, hotels and private business places are situated around the proposed project area. Traditional economic The sacred Temple of Tooth Relic and associated activities take place once a year and cultural activities during the Kandy Esala Perahera Festival is the main cultural event happens in the area. The Kandyan art, paintings and hand crafts and Kandyan cultural dancing, Brass and wooden carvings are the most famous traditional economic activities found in and around the Kandy area. Archeological The Department of Archaeology has investigated locations for artifacts of high resources historical and archaeological interest in the surrounding but none has been found (recorded or within the project location. The project will not damage any heritage buildings in potential to exist) the world heritage city. 56 Proposed sub project involves on the interventions related to improvement of existing facilities in the site and hence, there will be no interference with the archeological objects. However, there could be chance finds during ground excavations etc and if such situations are encountered, the chance find procedures mentioned in the ESMP will be triggered. The Bodhi Tree at the entrance to Goodsheds Bus Stand from SWRD Bandaranayaka Road remains an important cultural asset within the site. Many of those who operate within the bus stand contribute to and take part in daily rituals connected with this sacred place. The project will not damage either the Bodhi tree or the structure built around it. The daily ritual and the maintenance of the place, however, will be affected by the displacement of the current set of operators. In order to minimize this impact, the contractor and his workers would be encouraged to maintain the daily ritual activities of the shrine as part of their routine activities during the construction period. Further, the railway station itself is an important landmark in the city and the project will maintain the railway station building intact. 6. Consultations Stakeholder consultation meetings were held with the SCDP PMU, KMC, UDA-Kandy, Central Province –Provincial Transport Services Authority, SLTB, Central Province- Road Passenger Transport Authority and other stakeholders in Kandy between Jan to Dec 2017 followed by field visits. Community consultations, including with the business community, were also conducted in order to obtain their views on the project and solicit their feedback. The preliminary designs were presented in the stakeholder forums and thier valuable inputs were taken into consideration to inform the technical design. In addition, additional consultations were organized in Januray 2018 and November 2019, inside the GSBS to hear the feedback from various stakeholders on the proposed development, as well as the progress made thus far. This group included passengers from a wide range of backgrounds and a few who use the GSBS on a daily basis for livelihood purposes. Annex 20 summarises a snapshot of the informal consultations conducted onsite, in addition to the city- wide consultations the PMU has held in which safeguard concerns have been covered. Consultations conducted during the preparation of E&S instruments revealed the dire need for improved terminal facilities and widespread public support for the project. Consultations carried out during the preparation of RAP were key to designing the resettlement and livelihood support for the affected persons. The proposed architectural designs of the KMTT has benefited from input from the Kandy City Heritage Committee. Similarly, feedback provided during consultations with directly affected as well as other interested parties have been used to inform technical designs. For example, the width of the Skywalk was increased to provide space for constructing shops which can be later allocated to displaced vendors at GSBS; a permanent 57 motorable road was incorporated to the design for the benefit of residents along the Samagi Mawatha who would lose their access road during KMTT construction work, etc. In keeping with ESS 10, Stakeholder engagements and consultations will continue in the future during design finalization and implementation as per the Stakeholder Engagament Plan (SEP) prepared by the Ministry of Urban Development, Water Supply and Housing Facilities for the KMTT project. 58 7. Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation Measures 7a. Screening for Potential Environmental and Social Impacts Screening Yes No Significance of the effect Remarks question (Low, moderate, high) 1 Will  High construction The built environment within the proposed KMTT site will be significantly changed and improved. The physical Changes will and operation changes within the site include the partial diversion of Meda Ela, establishment of the state of the art KMTT main be adopted to of the Project Structure and the allied constructions. The area will be reorganized to offer a more efficient and streamlined service the nature involve actions with modernize structures which will enhance the surrounding environment and offer better services. which will cause physical changes in the locality 2 Will the Project √ High Mitigation involve use, Dust, noise and vibration issues, traffic congestion expected to be significantly high during the construction period. required storage, Parallel to KMTT construction the public transport operation plan will be implemented in order to reduce the traffic transport, congestion. Impacts will have to be managed by delineating the entire site with a continuous line of fencing restricting handling or public entry during the construction period. production of substances or Fuel dispensing facilities will be provided along with the terminal building and the existing fueling and storage facility materials which will be relocated. Both activities are subject to handling of hazardous substances. Risk is high on human health. could be Precautions must be taken while using paints, spray guns during the construction. During the operational period, waste harmful to oil from the buses can be expected, which is classified as a hazardous waste under the CEA Hazardous waste human health 59 or the Regulation and therefore has to be handled and disposed them properly. Fuel station, repair bay and parking bay areas environment or will be designed and constructed in comply with CEA regulations to avoid contaminated risks. raise concerns Usage of Asbestos containing material is strictly prohibited for construction of KMTT. about actual or perceived risks The current goodshed’s bus stand contains many buildings with asbest0s-cement roofing sheets, which to human during demolition of the current building complex will be collected and disposed. The ESMP for the health? demolition contract includes necessary provisions on health and safety of workers and collection, storage and disposal of asbestos roofing sheets. Hence, the issue is not included in the current ESIA. ESS Standard the impact and mitigation relates to : ESS 1 3 Will the Project  High Mitigation produce solid required Significance of the effect is High during construction and operational phase. Construction waste, spoil, waste from wastes during labor camps are expected during the construction phase while a considerable amount of solid waste and liquid waste construction or will be produced on a daily basis during the operation stage. operation? ESS Standard the impact and mitigation relates to : ESS 1 4 Will the Project  Low Mitigation release required During construction, only possible pollutant is Dust particles and other exhaust emissions from vehicles pollutants or any hazardous, and machineries used for construction activities. Other than that there will be no any pollutants or any toxic or hazardous toxic or noxious substance released to the air. Since the hazardous materials are not encouraged noxious during construction substances to air? 60 5 Will the Project  Moderate Mitigation cause noise and required Removal of existing tar surface and activities such as piling and excavation for leveling of the site will produce a vibration or significantly moderate levels of noise and vibration. But it will be limited to a shorter period of time. release of light, heat energy or Release of light, heat energy and electromagnetic radiation will not be expected due to the proposed construction electromagnetic activities. radiation? ESS Standard the impact and mitigation relates to : ESS 1 6 Will the Project √ Mitigation During construction period, erosion and siltation is expected due to modifications to the ground and it will cause lead to risks of moderate impact to the runoff. In addition, oils and greases and can be expected to be mixed with the runoff due to required contamination the use of many construction machinery. Proper storm water drainage management within the site is required prior to of land or water discharge to the Meda Ela canal. from releases ESS Standard the impact and mitigation relates to : ESS 1 & ESS 6 of pollutants onto the ground or into surface waters, groundwater or coastal wasters? 7 Will the project  Project will not cause any localized flooding. A proper construction method is essential to avoid flooding during Mitigation cause localized Meda Ela canal construction. Drainage plan for the construction site is required. required flooding and poor drainage during construction 61 Is the project area located in a flooding location? 8 Will there be  Moderate Mitigation any risks and required The site will be completely delineated and restricted to the public during construction and the entire bus operation vulnerabilities will be temporarily relocated to pre-identified sites within the city (which has been incrementally implemented to public safety already), this risk will be moderate. It is kept moderate in view of the fact that the site is in the middle of a busy city due to physical and there could be passerby padestrians who could be eposed to hazards unknowingly. However, the probability of hazards during this risk materializing is considered low as the site is bodered on one side by the railways where people aren’t construction or allowed to walk and on another side by an access road used ny buses to access the GSBT which will be closed. operation of the Project? Warning signs and other precautionary measures require to be adopted in order to minimize risks. Sufficient resources will have to be deployed by the contractor to manage the risks and to provide with maximum safety management measures ensuring workers and public safety. Contractor shall hire a Safety Advisor and a safety management plan shall be prepared and implemented during construction and operational phases. Workers training is compulsory on the safety aspects and strict monitoring is required. ESS Standard the impact and mitigation relates to : ESS 1 and ESS 4 9 Are there any  High Mitigation transport routes required Since the site is located in a highly urbanized area the surrounding road network consists of main transport routes on or around within and into the city and cannot be restricted to the public, the impact is likely to be high. These routes will very the location much be susceptible to congestion. During the construction phase, comprehensive traffic plan will have to be which are implemented to reduce the transportation impacts. Transportation of building material should be encouraged during susceptible to night time. congestion or which cause ESS Standard the impact and mitigation relates to : ESS 1 environmental 62 problems, which could be affected by the project? 10 Are there any  There are two roads that will be directly affected significantly because of the proposed construction. The S W R D Mitigation routes or Bandaranayaike Road which is between the Goodshed bus stand and the railway station and the old Kandy required facilities on or Peradeniya road which borders the Goodshed on its northern boundary. The old Peradeniya road is a main artery into around the the city and carries a heavy load of traffic including tourists and pilgrims who visit the city. The S W R D location which Bandaranaiyake Mw in the affected section is used mainly by the buses entering the Goodshed bus stand. On the are used by the southern boundary, Williman Gopollawa Mawatha, which is the other main artery to Kandy is located. This road too public for will be affected with increased congestion due to the KMTT construction. A sound traffic management plan has been access to prepared by the project in conjunction with the Kandy transport, police, KMC and the project and is being recreation or incrementally implemented. other facilities, Access to Adjacent Institutions which could be The Kandy Post Office, the Kandy Regional Mail Sorting Centre, the Kandy Postal Training Institute, Sri Lanka affected by the Telecom Regional Office etc. are located adjacent to the KMTT site. Access to these premises is via the SWRD project? Bandaranayake Mawatha may be interrupted during the construction phase but the area is well connected and hence alternative routes are available. Access to Samagi Mawatha There will be an interruption to Samagi Mawatha from Good Shed during the construction phase of KMTT. However, Samagi Mawatha can be accessed from Peradeniya Road. Around six to seven vehicle accesses will be affected in terms during the construction phase from Good Shed. There are a number of vulnerable families living in Samagi Mawatha. A clause in the contract will state that the contractor will always keep an ambulance with a driver, inclusive of first aid, available at all times during the construction phase to take any patients to hospital in an emergency situation. Alternative vehicle parking arrangements have been arranged at the Sri Lanka Railways car park and at the Sri Lanka Telecom car park. 63 ESS Standard the impact and mitigation relates to : ESS 1 and ESS 4 Parallel to KMTT construction the public transport operational plan will be implemented and the transitional sites will also be ready by the time of contactor mobilization. This plan has been trialed out and the smooth vehicular movement has been observed and it has been commended as effective by the Police. The proposed site is not subject to any recreational facility. The routes connected to the site is mainly for buses but some of the private vehicles are passing through. Since the entire site is proposed to be closed the traffic through the existing road will be restricted. It is necessary to display the direction signage indicating alternative routes to facilitate the public. 64 11 Are there any  None areas or At the proposed project area or close proximity to the project area there are no high landscape or aesthetically features of high attractive places that exist as viewing areas and area of scenic value. There is no such affection due to the project. landscape or scenic value on or around the location which could be affected by the project? 12 Are there any  Low Runoff other areas on management The Kandy lake and associated hydrological network which is considered as an environmentally sensitive area under or around the and the CEA sensitive area classification and Dunumadalawa Forest reserve and Rosenith Lake is located away from location which mitigation more than 1km radius of the project area. The Meda Ela that flows through the site is heavily polluted and modified are important with concrete bedding and embankments especially in its upper to middle reaches. It discharges to the Mahaweli required or sensitive for River at Gatembe and hence indirect impacts from runoff to river habitats can be expected. reasons of their ecology e.g. However, these will be no serious consequences on the Meda Ela. The Ela has a had a long history of pollution wetlands, which continues to date and is currently devoid of any significant natural feature or biological life. As such, there watercourses or will be No significant impact from the proposed project activities as the project site is situated at a lower elevation other water and far away from the above-mentioned sensitive ecosystems. bodies, the coastal zone, mountains, ESS Standard the impact and mitigation relates to : ESS 6 (on protecting the river downstream from forests which adverse WQ impacts from upstream construction) could be affected by the project? 65 13 Are there any  None areas on or Most of the species of Fauna and Flora in and around the project site within 100 m distance are common and exist in around the the disturbed habitats, and no any threatened or vulnerable species or migratory birds recorded. As stated before, location which given the complete built up nature of the site (which holds the busiest bus stand of the country) no formal are used by biodoiverisry assessments were undertaken as it was considered not necessary, rather what was undertaken was an protected, inventory of trees within the current foot print of the KMTT (which is to be finalized with the final design) important or sensitive Hence, there will be no such impact for breeding, nesting, and foraging, resting, migration activities. species of fauna or flora e.g. for breeding, nesting, foraging, resting, migration, which could be affected by the project? 14 Is the project  None located in a Total project location is at a highly developed area and there will be no loss of green field land previously undeveloped area where there will be loss of green- field land 66 15 Will the project  The list of trees that will be affected as follows; It is expected to protect as many trees as possible. The list will be Mitigation cause the finalized after setting out of final the layout designs. The design approach of KMTT is such that every effort will be and removal of taken to integrate the trees into the final design, however, some tree removal will be unavoidable. The lost trees will compensation trees in the be compensated through planting (onsite and offsite) at least double the number of removed trees through the required locality? landscaping plan for the site. Location of Conservation Species name Local Name GBH (cm) the tree Status From Post Office Edge up IUCN Least 1 to Bo tree Persea americana Ali pera 77 Concern (Main KMTT category Building) 2 Ficus hispida kotadimbula 79 Do Siyambala Do 3 Tamarindus indica 315 Spathodea Do 4 Kuda-Illa 335 campanulata 5 Eucalyptus Spp. Do 6 Samenia saman Pare Mara 365 Do Artocarpus Do 7 Kos 107 heterophyllus 8 Mutingia calabura Jam Tree 75 Do Ficus religiose Do 9 Hanging Bo tree Bo Tree 10 Ficus religiosa Bo 402 Do 11 Ficus religiosa Bo 365 Do Car Park Do 12 Mutingia calabura Jam tree 162 building area 67 13 Mutingia calabura Jam Tree 168 Do Artocarpus Do 14 Kos 239 heterophyllus Artocarpus Do 15 Kos 200 heterophyllus 16 Caryota urens Kithul 112 Do 17 Mangifera indika Amba 182 Do 18 Mangifera indika Amba 270 Do Artcarpus Do 19 Kos 200 Heterophyllus Artcarpus Do 20 Kos 210 Heterophyllus 21 Mangifera indika Amba 133 Do 22 Cananga odorata vanasapu 187 Do 23 Cocos nucifere Pol 37 Do 24 Azediracta indika Kohomba 156 Do 25 Mangifera indika Amba 70 Do 26 Psidium guajava Pera 43 Do 27 Persea Americana Ali pera 127 Do 28 Persea Americana Ali pera 98 Do 29 Mangifera indika Amba 170 Do 30 Ficus religiosa Bo 250 Do 31 Bus stop Terminalia catappa Kottamba 87 Do 32 Cananga odorata Vanasapu 232 Do 33 Terminalia catappa Kottamba 57 Do Spathodea Do 34 Kuda Illa 126 campanulata Spathodea Do 35 Kuda Illa 35 campanulata 68 36 Quarters Block Mangifera indika Amba 132 Do 37 Caryota urenus Kithul 103 Do 38 Caryota urenus Kithul 114 Do Artocarpus Do 39 Kosos 49 heterophyllus 40 Persea americana Ali Pera 77 Do 41 Cocos Nicifera Pol 70 Do 42 Caryota urens Kithul 100 Do 43 Caryota urens Kithul 99 Do Artocarpus Do 44 Kos 70 heterophyllus 45 Caryota urens Kithul 120 Do 46 Ficus bengalensis Nuga Do 47 Ficus religiosa Bo 302 Do 48 Cocos nucifera Pol 185 Do ESS Standard the impact and mitigation relates to : ESS 6 16 Are there any  Kandy city is a declared UNESCO world heritage site given its historic importance as the country’s last kingdom areas or and the presence of the Temple of the Tooth which is one of the most holy sites in the buddhist world. The proposed features of KMTT site is devoid of any historical or archaeological sites and this has been confirmed by the Department of historic or Archaeology. Extensive consultations have been held with the Kandy Heritage Committee and their approval for the cultural project has been obtained. importance on The Kandy city and its urban heritage has been maintained in the proposed building designs ensuring historical and or around the cultural identity of the Kandy city. The design features were decided upon receiving inputs from all the stakeholders location which including the Kandy city Heritage Committee. The final designs were presented to concern parties and the guidance could be was obtained. External and internal features were proposed ensuring the cultural heritage of Kandy. 69 affected by the ESS Standard the impact and mitigation relates to : ESS 8 project? 17 Are there √ The existing land use of the project area is the bus stand and the railway station. The surrounding area is highly built Mitigation existing land up and comprise of mainly commercial and other service outlets, city roads and private property. Accesses to the required uses on or commercial & private properties outside of the project boundary will be disturbed during the construction period. around the Compensations and alternative accesses are proposed under the Resettlement Action Plan of the KMTT. However, location e.g. the construction impacts will have to be mitigated appropriately. homes, gardens, other private property, industry, commerce, recreation, public open space, community facilities, agriculture, forestry, tourism, mining or quarrying which could be affected by the project? 70 18 Are there any  High Mitigation areas on or required The project area is densely built up and accompanied with high urban activity. During the construction period around the additional traffic congestions can be expected and this could be mitigated with proper traffic management plan. location which are densely populated or ESS Standard the impact and mitigation relates to: ESS 1 and ESS 4 built-up, which could be affected by the project? 19 Are there any √ Moderate Mitigation areas on or required The project area is located near the Kandy-Preadeniya road and the Kandy General Hospital, Suwasewana Private around the Hospital and 4 government schools, all of which are situated within a 1km radius of the project site. But no other location which sensitive places such as places of worship are located close by and hence the impact would be moderate during are occupied by construction phase sensitive land uses e.g. ESS Standard the impact and mitigation relates to: ESS 1 and ESS 4 hospitals, schools, places of worship, community facilities, which could be affected by the project 20 Are there any  None areas on or 71 around the There are no any ground water or surface water sources, forestry, agriculture or other mentioned activities within the location which site or close proximity to the site contain important, high quality or scarce resources e.g. groundwater, surface waters, forestry, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, minerals, which could be affected by the project? 21 Are there any P Meda Ela the urban storm water drainage canal has a long history of pollution due to direct discharge of sewer, waste Mitigation areas on or water and solid waste from city activity. Management of solid waste within the project area is sub-optimal with open required around the dumping in drainage channels a common occurrence. The current traffic volume is a considerable source of air location which pollution although existing air quality measurements show contaminant levels is below stipulated national standards. are already The KMTT, once operational, is expected to positively contribute towards improving air quality in the city by subject to bringing better order into traffic flow. Wastewater in the city will be collected by the new wastewater collecting pollution or network funded by JICA and directed to the new treatment plant which has been completed in Gatembe environmental (approximately about 3 Km away). While the collection system is currently being laid, it is scheduled to be damage e.g. completed and fully operational by end of 2021 before KMTT will be operationalized. It may be possible to connect where existing construction related domestic wastewater arising from workers to the Kandy Wastewater system, however, this is to legal be confirmed with the recently updated construction schedule. As such the Meda Ela water quality is expected to be 72 environmental enhanced gradually. Solid waste management and vehicular management is expected to be vastly improved within standards are the KMTT. exceeded, which could be affected by the project? 22 Will the projet  Low Managed require private through the The total land requirement for KMTT is estimated at 3.6741ha. Private land to be acquired for the project is 0.0189 ha land to be which constitutes only 0.5% of the total land requirement for the construction of the KMTT. implementation acquired? of the land acquisition Land Extent (Perch) Impact on Structure Name Of AP Gender Monthly Profit process under To be Existing % Type Sq.ft. (SLRs) the acquired 780,000 Government of K.D.U. Karunaratne Female 20.0 1.48 7.4 Hotel & Eatery 200.0 Sri Lanka. Sub structure R.M. Jinasena Male 4.5 4.5 100.0 800.0 NA (Basement of building) 780,000 Total 5.98 1,000.0 The rest comprises crown land vested in state agencies directly or indirectly responsible for providing public transport services (see below for more details). The total extent of land needed for construction of KMTT and its peripheral services and the sources from which this land is to be secured are presented in Table 4. Compensation for the acquired land and structures will be paid at replacement cost as provided in the Land Acquisition Act of 1950, Land Acquisition Regulations of 2013, and the RPF prepared under SCDP. Estimated land requirements for KMTT as of May 31, 2018 Lot No Total Extent (in Ha) Ownership % of Total Extent 1 0.0189 Private 0.5 2 0.9778 SLTB 26.6 73 3 0.7356 RDA 20.0 4 1.9216 SLR 52.3 5 0.0087 RDA 0.2 6 0.0115 Hospital land 0.3 TOTAL 3.6741 100.0 The land will be released by the respective project partner agencies for the construction of KMTT, on the basis of a Memorandum of Understanding to be signed with the relevant agencies (SLTB, SLR, RDA and Ministry of Health) prior to the commencement of the construction work relating to the project. A total land extent of 5.98 perches (0.0189 ha) will be acquired from two private parties (one a commercial establishment and the other a private land) situated along Sirimavo Bandaranayaka Mawatha for the purpose of erecting the sky walk. In consultation with the relevant stakeholders, efforts have been made to minimize the impact of private land acquisitions for KMTT. The compensation for acquired private land will be paid at replacement cost as specified in the RPF of SCDP and the RAP for KMTT. ESS Standard the impact and mitigation relates to: ESS 5 23 Will the project  High Managed cause any The construction of KMTT will result in demolition of all buildings and various structures within KMTT’s technical through the impacts on boundary (ITB), full demolition ofo several buildings within the railway premises and partial damage to one of the implementation physical buildings in IBZ. Together these structures include 225 business units, 9 public utilities (2 toilet blocks and 7 bus of the RAP structures? stand shelters) and 4 buildings and 3 utilities belonging to transport authorities and Ceylon Petroleum Corporation which is almost located within ITB and 1 partially affected commercial building in the IBZ. Most of the structures that would be fully in its final affected are commercial buildings owned by KMC or SLR or held by non-title holder private individuals followed by stages public utilities in GSBS managed by SLTB, Central Province Road Passenger Transport Authority (CPRPTA) or Ceylon Petroleum Corporation. Furthermore, 9 buildings containing 52 residential and resting units currently occupied by 52 staff members together with 45 members of their families, and 4 other vacant units belonging to SLR will also be fully physically affected. The project related damages to various categories of buildings are given in the following table. Project impacts on physical structures in GSBS (ITB and IBZ) 74 Type of structure No. Structures/Units Type of ownership/occupancy Type of impact 153 KMC Leaseholders Full Shops 6 SLR Leaseholders Full Semi-permanent stalls 65 KMC sanctioned non-titleholders Full Commercial (Hotel) 1 Private Titleholder Partial Toilet Blocks 2 KMC/ Leaseholder Full Bus stand shelters 7 SLTB Full Fuel pumps 2 SLTB Full Time Keepers’ office 3 CPRPTA Full Fuel pumps 1 Ceylon Petroleum Cooperation Full Stores 1 Ceylon Petroleum Cooperation Full Total 241 Source: Social Impact Assessment, December 2017 The affected parties have been already compensated by the Government through Entitlement Assessment Committee (EAC) and Land Acquisition & Resettlement Committee (LARC) following and complying with ESS5. ESS Standard the impact and mitigation relates to: ESS 5. 24 Will the project  High Managed cause any The KMTT will have significant resettlement impacts largely on the business population operating within its through the resettlement construction footprint, i.e., the technical boundary (ITB) and its immediate buffer zone (IBZ). Altogether, the project implementation impacts? will affect a total population of 820 persons who include 726 men and 94 women amounting to a total household of the RAP population of 3,688 with a mean household size of 4.5. which is almost SN AP Category ITB IBZ Transitional sites Total in its final Business Operators stages 1 KMC leaseholder business operators 7 - - 7 2 SLR leaseholder business operators 4 1 - 5 75 3 Idakada business operators 15 - - 15 4 Titleholder business operators - 7 - 7 Sub-total 26 8 34 Tenant Business Operators 5 Tenant business operators of KMC leaseholders 87 - - 87 6 Tenant business operators of SLR Leaseholders 2 - - 2 7 Tenant business operators of Idakada occupants 18 - - 18 8 Tenant business operators of titleholders - 20 - 20 Sub-total 107 20 127 Rentiers of Business Premises 9 KMC leaseholder (kadalabin) Rentiers 137 - - 137 10 SLR leaseholder rentiers 1 - - 1 11 Idakada occupant rentiers 43 - - 43 12 Titleholder rentiers - 11 - 11 Sub-total 181 11 - 192 Others 13 Mobile Vendors 150 - - 150 14 Shop Assistants 132 113 - 245 15 Three wheel operators 65 - - 65 16 Titleholder landowners 2 - - 2 Sub-total 349 113 - 462 Operators of Public Utilities in GSBS and Bogambara Transitional Site 17 Leaseholders providing public utilities 1 - 2 3 18 Employees public utilities - - 2 2 Sub-total 1 - 4 5 TOTAL 664 152 4 820 The KMTT project extends to Kandy railway premises where there will be some project related constructions that will require demolition of some existing railway quarters and workers’ rest rooms. Specifically, the project will cause demolition of 9 buildings containing 52 residential and resting units occupied by 52 staff members together with 45 members of their families, and 4 other vacant units belonging to SLR 76 No. Units No. Railway worker Type of quarters Number of No. Family category occupied Buildings Occupied Vacant workers members Engine Driver Flats 2 1 2 9 1 Guard Flats 2 1 2 8 Engine Driver/Guard Bungalow 1 11 11 0 Engine Driver/Guard Outstation rest rooms 1 10 10 0 Assistant Engine Driver Outstation rest rooms 1 18 18 0 Labourer Labourer quarters 5 9 2 9 28 TOTAL 9 52 4 52 45 These impacts have been well studied, documented and disclosed through the RAP December 2017. The RAP is being implemented with many of its activities already completed. In December 2019 an audit of the RAP was conducted and the report will be disclosed once necessary clearances are obtained. ESS Standard the impact and mitigation relates to: ESS 5. 25 Will the project  High cause any Of the different categories of APs, the impact on properties and physical assets will be highest among lease holding Managed economic and business operators, tenant business operators and rentiers of business premises in ITB. This is because there be total damage to their structures and physical assets due to the demolition of all physical structures within ITB when through the livelihood construction work begins. As for property-owning business operators, tenant business operators and rentiers in IBZ, implementation impacts? their physical structures or assets will not be damaged due to KMTT construction work except in the case of one of the RAP commercial building, but the access disturbances and loss of client base connected with bus services, will result in which is almost economic losses for them particularly during the construction period. On the other hand, there is a possibility that their in its final property values will appreciate following the establishment of KMTT because of improved infrastructure and possible stages new economic opportunities that may open up with the construction of KMTT as a modern transport terminal at their door step. The mobile vendors, employees of business operators and three-wheel operators irrespective of where they operate, will not experience property loss or asset loss due to project interventions but will experience potential loss of income. The following table summarizes the resettlement impacts on different business operators 77 Ownership/ No. Type of resettlement AP Category tenurial No. Units Occupied APs impact rights KMC 7 11 Fully affected 4 4 Fully affected Titleholder, Leaseholder SLR 1 1 No structural damages or Non-titleholder Idakada 15 17 Fully affected business operators 7 No structural damages Titleholders 7 1 Partially affected Sub-Total 34 41 KMC 87 142 Fully affected SLR 2 2 Fully affected Tenant business Idakada 18 48 Fully affected operators tenants Tenants of 20 20 No structural damage titleholders Sub-Total 127 212 KMC 137 142 Fully affected Rentiers of business SLR 1 2 Fully affected operators Idakada 43 48 Fully affected Titleholders 11 20 No structural damage Sub-Total 192 212 Titleholder, Leaseholder & Non-titleholder Business Operators The census covered a total of 34 business operators consisting of 7 KMC leaseholder business operators in ITB (kadalabiya), 5 SLR leaseholder business operators (4 in ITB and 1 in IBZ), 15 idakada business operators in ITB, and 7 titleholder business operators in IBZ. The males and females among the business operators are 24 and 10 respectively. The 26 business operators in the ITB operate 33 business units whereas those in the IBZ (8) occupy 8 units. Altogether, 34 business operators occupy 41 commercial business units. The project will affect these business operators in terms of loss of their business premises, loss of capital investments made for their businesses and incomes generated therein. Apart from the loss of business premises which had gained commercial value and the capital investments of the concerned business operators in their respective businesses in the ITB over the years, the project will also cause loss of incomes to the business operators. The monthly mean incomes generated by business operators 78 in ITB are estimated to be between SLRs. 66,857 (418 USD) and SLRs. 71,250 (445 USD) with a mean income of SLRs. 69,336 (433 USD). Meanwhile, as evident from IOL, monthly incomes of the business operators in IBZ who will lose their business operations during KMTT construction period vary from SLRs. 35,000 (219 USD) to SLRs. 240,428 (1,503 USD) with a mean income of SLRs. 137,714 (861 USD). Tenant Business Operators The majority of the business operators in GSBS comprised the tenants. They represented 127 individuals, with 107 in ITB and 20 in IBZ. Among them, 117 are men and 10 women. Four sub-categories of tenant business operators were identified in the census. They include 87 tenants of KMC leaseholders (kadalabiyas), 2 tenants of SLR leaseholders and 18 tenants of idakada occupiers, all in ITB, and 20 tenants of titleholders in IBZ. The 107 tenants of ITB operated 192 building units with multiple building units forming an average business unit while the 20 in the IBZ occupied 20 building units. Like in the case of business operators who are title holders, lease holders or land occupants, the project will cause loss of business premises, loss of capital investments made on the businesses and incomes of the tenant business operators as well. The average monthly incomes generated by tenant business operators in ITB are in the range of SLRs. 98,408 (615 USD) to SLRs. 180,000 (1,125 USD) with a mean income of SLRs. 126,538 (791 USD). The average monthly income of tenant business operators in IBZ is SLRs. 139,850 (874 USD). Rentiers of Business Premises The rentiers who have rented out or sub-let their business premises to others constituted the largest affected population with 192 individuals. The rentiers included four sub-categories, namely (i) 137 KMC leaseholders (kadalabiyas); (ii) 1 SLR leaseholder; (iii) 43 Idakada non-titleholders who had encroached some demarcated space (idakada) within GSBS and operate with the tacit approval of KMC; and (iv) 11 titleholder businessmen. The first three categories are located in the ITB whereas the fourth category is in the IBZ. The demolition of the business structures as well as access restrictions imposed by the construction contractors will lead to the full loss of business premises, rental incomes, and any capital investments made on the construction and development of the business structures to the rentiers in the ITB and partial losses to those in the IBZ. Moreover, the monthly rental incomes received by the rentiers are diverse and range from SLRs. 15,553 (97 USD) to SLRs. 175,045 (1,094 USD) with a mean monthly rental income of SLRs. 59,027 (369 USD). This reflects the average monthly rental incomes of SLRs. 20,354 (127 USD) for rentiers in the ITB and SLRs. 175,045 (1,094 USD) for rentiers in the IBZ. Mobile Vendors 79 150 mobile vendors were covered in the census. The average monthly income of a mobile vendor was SLRs. 42,667 (267 USD). The project will have the effect of displacing these vendors from GSBS where they had been operating for many years as part of the embedded supply chain. Economic and Social Impacts on Operators of Public Utilities in GSBS and Bogambara The construction of the Bogambara transitional bus terminal will altogether affect eight persons engaged in various business activities within the Bogambara site. They include two leaseholders of public utilities and one unauthorized individual and their helpers whose income will be affected by loss of business and loss of access to business. ESS Standard the impact and mitigation relate to: ESS 5. 26 Will the project  Moderate To be managed cause any The scope of construction work of KMTT is comparatively large, and thus requires a substantial work force, which is as per the LMP adverse estimated to be around 150-200 persons. The contractor/s may or may not be able to find the required labour force and prepared fort impacts from associated goods and services locally for a number of reasons, among them worker unavailability and lack of technical KMTT influx of skills and capacity. Therefore, a sizeable proportion of the labour force may have to be brought in from outside the construction project area. On the other hand, it is anticipated, as in many cases, that this influx will be compounded by an influx of labour other people (“followers”) who follow the incoming workforce with the aim of selling them goods and services, or in pursuit of job or business opportunities. The in-migration of labour can provide potential benefits for the community, including economic opportunities through employment and/or training by the project, contributions to the local economy by selling goods and services, the provision of local infrastructure (such as access roads, power, or water connection) which is developed for the project and which serves the community beyond the project duration. However, labour camps are likely to be located within the city/suburbs or within the project site itself. Either way the camps will be close to establishments and resdiences (an estimated labor strength of 200) and as such a certain level of risks pertaining to social conflicts, spread of diseases increase of illict behavior and crime, discontent among local community, burden on existing public utilities, alcohol and drug abuse among the workforce, gender-based violence etc etc can be envisaged. However, given Kandy is such a busy tourist city with a large migratory population who enter the city for numerous purposes and numerous ongoing construction sites, the risk posed by 200 labourers (most of whom would be from Kandy itself) is not considered very significant. 80 A labor management procedure has been prepared for the KMTT and is currently being finalised. ESS Standard the impact and mitigation relate to: ESS 2 27 Will the project  A GBV Risk Assessment was conducted and the project received a low risk rating of 8.75 for the construction phase. cause any However, GBV risk mitigating measures have been included in the ESMP and the implementing agency will be fully impacts from sensitivzed to this particular risk. Also, GBV reporting will be integreated in the GRM mechanism and requirements gender-based will be included in the bidding documents for a Code of Conduct (CoC) which addresses GBV. violence Given the reasons above, this risk posed by the project ongender-based violence is not assessed to be significantly adverse. Please not for mitigation activities for screening questions 22 to 27 are addressed in the ESMP to the extent of what is relevant to the KMTT construction contract. All land aqcsuition, resettlement, livelihood related impacts mentioned above have been duly dealt with the implementation of the RAP which is at its final stages as of present. 81 7.b Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the Construction Phase of the Kandy Multimodal Transport Terminal Main Building and Infrastructure Facilities Design Stage Design Implementation Responsibility responsibility 1.Inclusion of Green design aspects (recommendations in reference to ESS 3) The following Green Design Considerations have been integrated with the design of KMTT building and Design Contractor /SC its facilities enabling to obtain the green building certification. Consultant/PMU 1. Energy efficiency (these measures have • Safe and sustainable energy consumption during the operational stage of KMTT; the already been following required measures have been incorporated into the design appropriately. incorporated into the • Exterior lighting to comply with dark sky standard. current design of the • Provisions for polycrystalline solar photovoltaic panels. KMTT) • Use of high efficient LED lights. Outdoor light fittings will be IP 65. • General purpose lights - minimum efficacy of 100 lm/W and all the high bay lamps, flood lamps and street lamps will be of a minimum efficacy of 130 lm/W. • Lighting of public areas to be controlled by light dependent relays (LDR) and lighting for toilets and washroom areas to be generally controlled by local passive infra-red (PIR) occupancy sensors. Lighting for office areas will be occupancy sensor controlled and will be dimmable with daylight sensing. • Maximum use of day lighting has been provided to minimize electricity usage. Light shelves, skylights and light pipes will be incorporated for interior lighting. • Lighting up the sky walk, the paths and the steps, the trees, the bridges, the arches, the colonnades and the frontage panels with RGB LED bracket mounted landscape lights, LED step lamps, wall mounted solar lamps, RGB LED wall washers and adjustable LED upright lights. Solar street lamps will also be used. 82 • Establishment of electric charging facility with sufficient number of charging points to meet with the future demand. 2. Water efficiency • The inclusion of low flow fixtures is considered to reduce water consumption and greywater/ sewage generation without affecting the health and safety of occupants. • Low flush toilet systems via a dual flush system are included expecting less quantity of water usage, saving resources reducing water bills. Low flow urinals, wash basins with water saving pipes will also be used. • Rainwater will be recycled via a rainwater harvesting system. The rainwater collected will be stored in a sump built underground within the premises and pumped up for non-potable purposes. (Garden taps to water the gardens and connected to flush the toilets via cisterns) 2.Preparation of Stakeholder Engagement Plan (recommendations in reference to ESS 10) SC/PMU Stakeholder engagement plan with a realistic timeframe covering preliminary, construction and operation PMU PMU phases has been prepared and approved (prior to project appraisal) and implemented effectively ensuring engagement of stakeholders throughout the project cycle. Monitor and report the environmental and social performance against the ESS as relevant to the design PMU stage on a quarterly basis. 3. Preparation of the Labour Management Procedures (recommendations in reference to ESS 2) Labour Management Procedures has been prepared and approved (prior to project appraisal) and PMU implemented effectively throughout the project period. 4. Permits to be obtained Obtain letter of clearance from the NBRO on the final project proposal prior to commencement of any PMU PMU civil works. 83 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision 1.0 Pre-construction Stage (recommendations in reference to ESS 1, 4, 6 and 8) The contractor shall submit to the Egineer’s approval the On availability of Engineering Contractor SC, PMU contractor’s Environmental and Social Management Plan (C- detail deisgns prior to Cost ESMP) to ensure that environmental and social objectives of commencement of the projects are met. This ESMP will be used by the any civil works contractor to be guided on the structure and control of potential environmental and social issues that are required to be managed to avoide or mitigated adverse consequences. The C-ESMP will address all of the issues addressed here, but not limited to, and wil consists of different sub-plans that will cover health and safety, traffic management, worker camp management, material sourcing, waste disposal 1.1 Information Disclosure to Stakeholders (a) At front yard of Kandy railway station Establish an Information Center to share project details to Engineering SC, PMU, Contractor public, stakeholders and to receive complaints After contract Cost KMC mobilization till end of project (b) Display contact details for public to lodge their Engineering SC, PMU, complaints/concerns to the contractor at the information At site Contractor, Cost KMC centre and at the entrance to the site (refer (c) Information center Display notice boards and make public announcements on Good shed bus stand new bus schedules and parking places to inform the public Railway station and -Do- -Do- -Do- and commuters 10 strategic pPublic places in city 84 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (d) S.W.R.D. Provide sign boards for pedestrians to inform nature and Contractor’s Bandaranayake Road -Do- -Do- duration of construction works cost Samagi Mawatha (e) Provide alternative access road for residents via Peradeniya -Do- -Do- -Do -Do road (f) Carry out discussions with the communities and small, Immediate vicinity of Engineering Contractor SC, PMU, medium & large-scale business owners residing around the the Construction sites Cost immediate vicinity of the Construction sites for the proposed for the proposed KMTT Main Building at Good Shed & Railway premises, Main KMTT temporary bus terminals set up while KMTT is in Building in Good construction, alternative roads/routes etc provide them with shed and Railway information on the project activities and implementation of premises ESMP and GRM through appropriate means such as information boards, leaflets and public notices. (g) Develop and establish contractor’s own procedure for Immediately before Engineering Contractor SC, PMU receiving, documenting and addressing complaints from the commencement of Cost affected public and nearby communities that is fully in line civil works with and guided by the project’s GRM. (d) Ensure to keep a copy of the C-ESMP at all times at the During all Stages of Contractor SC, PMU project supervision office on site. the Project 1.2 Site Access Closure (a) All public access to the site via adequate fencing and signage During the Engineering Contractor SC, PMU which prohibit public access completely, in order to avoid Construction Stage Cost risk to the public (b) The site entrance will include adequate signage indicating the -do- -do- -do- -do- details of the proposed subproject, implementing agencies etc. as well as safety signage to keep public away. (c) A fence shall be erected to cover the entire perimeter of the -do- -do- -do- -do- facility using cost effective fence materials consisting of 85 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision chain link fence fabric, concrete post, etc. as specified in the Technical Specifications in order to ensure, animals and public are unable to access the site. Full Site covering is required ensuring no access to railway lines. To avoid land disturbance and movement, the fence shall generally follow the contour of the ground. Grading shall be performed where necessary to provide a neat appearance 1.3 Work Site Management (a) The contractor should provide in the C-ESMP a proposed site During all Stages of Engineering Contractor SC, PMU layout plan that identifies various zones within the the Project Cost construction site for designated use such as material and equipmebt storage areas, contruction vehcile parking areas, vehicle/equipment maintenance areas, labour camps (if any onsite), temporary spoil storage areas etc which shall be approved by the engineer (b) Parking, repairing vehicles, machinery and equipment shall be -do- -do- -do- -do- stationed only within the work site and/or in any other designated areas by the engineer. (c) The contractor should provide instruction and advice to -do- -do- -do- -do- drivers and operators (both companies owned and hired) to park vehicles and store equipment at this designated area. 1.4 Labor Training and Code of Conduct (a) The contractor is required to develop a labor code of conduct During all Stages of Engineering Contractor SC, PMU indicating specific labour management procedures applicable the Project Cost 86 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision to different categories of workers including direct and third party contract workers. The labour code of conduct shall be consistent with and part of the overall Labour Management Procedures approved for the KMTT project. (refer 1 above) The labour Code of Conduct shall be translated into local languages upon clearance from the Engineer. The code of conduct must be made available to all staff and displayed in the work site in local languages. (b) Labour Management Plan including labour influx Pre construction stage Engineering Contractor SC,PMU management plan and workers OHS Plan required to be cost prepared by the Contractor and submit for the approval of the Engineer (c) Labor awareness programs to educate the laborers about the During all Stages of -do- -do- -do- code of conduct, general conduct, the Environmental and the Project SocialManagement Plan, Public and Occupational Health and Safety Plan etc. should be conducted throughout the contract period as per the Labour management plan and OSH plan approved by the Engineer. (d) No labor under the age of 18 can be hired for work under this -do- -do- -do- contract. 1.5 Siting of Construction Camps and stock yards (a) The Contractor will prepare oheworker camp Preconstruction stage Engineering Contractor SC management plan and obtain approval from the Engineer – for all the workers cost camp sites (b) Care will be taken not to disturb the sensitive areas when All possible sites Engineering Contractor PMU selecting sites to locate construction camps, labour camps, in/near the project Cost stock yards, vehicle refueling areas etc. sites 87 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision In addition, strict labour supervision should be undertaken. There should be labour awareness programs to educate the labourers about their general behavior while at work as well as their own safety. Labour supervision, and labour welfare should be on site. (c) Submit the location, layout and basic facility provision of Prior to Engineering Contractor SC, PMU labor camps to Engineer prior to their construction and obtain commencement of Cost the written approval of the Engineer before the the Construction commencements of the constructions Activities (d) The contractor shall provide necessary living accommodation Labor Camps Engineering Contractor SC, PMU and ancillary facilities in functional and hygienic manner and Cost as approved by the Engineer. (e) All temporary accommodation must be constructed and Labor Camps Engineering Contractor SC, PMU maintained in such a fashion that uncontaminated water is Cost available for drinking, cooking and washing. The sewage/solid waste disposal system for the camp must be planned and implemented with concurrence from the Local Public Health Inspector (PHI) (f) Provide adequate health care for the work force. The layout of Design Stage Engineering Contractor SC, PMU the construction camp and details of the facilities provided Cost should be prepared and shall be approved by the engineer. (g) Clear labor camp sites after use and the site should be Labour Camps Engineering Contractor SC, PMU reinstated to previous condition at the close of the Cost construction work 1.6 Material Sourcing (a) Preparation of Material Sourcing Plan and submit to Pre construction Engineering contractor SC Engineer cost (b) The contractor is required to ensure that sand, aggregates and Borrow Sites Engineering Contractor SC, PMU other quarry material is sourced from licensed sources. Cost 88 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision The contractor is required to obtain the necessary licenses and Borrow Sites Engineering Contractor SC, PMU environmental clearances for all burrow and quarry material Cost they are sourcing to obtain soil, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. The contractor is required to submit in writing all the relevant copies, numbers and relevant details of all pre- requisite licenses etc. and report of their status to the engineer on a quarterly basis. (c) Sourcing of any material from protected areas and/or Borrow Sites Contractor SC, PMU designated natural areas are strictly prohibited. (d) If the contractor uses non-commercial borrow/quarry sites, Non- commercial Engineering Contractor SC, PMU the sites should be remediated accordingly once material burrow sites/quarry Cost sourcing has been completed. The Project Supervision sites Engineer will require maintaining the numbers and relevant details of all necessary licenses etc. and report of their status accordingly. 1.7 Traffic Safety assessment 1.7.1 Carryout a road safety assessment in order to establish traffic Prior to construction Engineering Contractor SC, PMU control and safety measures such as road humps, fixing of Cost signage etc. prior to commencement of construction. Based on the initial road safety analysis a monitoring plan shall be prepared and submitted to the Engineer. 1.7.2 Safety driver training (a) Prepare a driver training plan and establishment of driver Engineering Contractor SC/PMU safety monitoring system. cost (b) Conduct driver training programmes to improve driver and Engineering Contractor SC/PMU vehicle safety. cost 1.8 Planning of Traffic Arrangements 89 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (a) The Contractor will prepare a Traffic Management Plan in Prior to Construction Engineering Contractor KMC, PMU, consultation with the KMC, CTB, CP-PTSA and Traffic Activities Cost Traffic Police. Information boards on routing of traffic etc. should be Police, pre-installed. Congestion will be an issue due to the high traffic SLTB, CP- movement during peak hours. So, it is essential to have an PTSA approved traffic plan and ensure the contractor sticks to in-out times accordingly. (Effective implementation of the traffic management plan from the preliminary stage of the project is required avoiding unnecessary traffic congestions. The actions towards the reduction of emissions is required for minimizing air pollution. Proper traffic control devices as per the Manual on Traffic Control Devices published by RDA (August 2007) should be used together with traffic diversion and control in order to provide adequate safety measures to ensure the safety of road users and workmen. 90 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision 1.9 Stakeholder engagement plan Execute the stakeholder engagement plan during the pre- Prior to PMU cost PMU PMU construction stage. commencement of Please note this provision should be read in conjuction construction with 1.1 above. 2.0 Construction Phase 2.1 Earthwork and Soil Conservation 2.1.1 Disposal of Sediments/debris (a) The contractor will prepare a Waste Management and Prior to the Engineering Contractor SC, PMU Disposal Plan that will identify (i) the type and quantity was commencmenet of Cost waste expected to be generated throughout the construction civil works on site. phase and (ii) proposed locations for disposal. This shall be either a stand alone plan or part of the C-ESMP. 91 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (a) All debris, waste generation from construction activiy, labour Disposal sites Engineering Contractor SC, PMU camps etc will be disposed only at locations approved by the identified by the Cost engineer for such purpose and subjected to the clauses 2.1.1.b contractor prior to and 2.1.1.c. commencement of construction work and approved by Engineer are subjected to approval of CEA, DS, LA & Engineer (b ) Contractor shall obtain the approval from the relevant Local Disposal sites Engineering Contractor PMU, LA, Authority (LA) such as Pradeshiya Sabha, Municipal Council (including temporary cost SC, KMC, and other government agencies (as required) for disposal of and permanent) CEA, GSMB soil at the specified location. identified by the contractor and Soil transport licenses should be obtained from GSMB to approved by Engineer transport excavated soil from the site to the approved are subjected to locations. approval of DS, Engineer & KMC (c) The debris and spoil shall be disposed in such a manner that; -do- -do- -do- -do- (i) waterways and drainage paths are not blocked (ii) the disposed material should not be washed away by runoff and (iii) should not be a nuisance to the public (d) If consented by the engineer, contractor can dispose In identified filling - do- -do- -do- construction debris as land filling material provided that the sites subjected to the contractor can ensure that such material is used for legally approval of engineer acceptable purposes and is disposed in a manner that will not be harmful to the surrounding environment. 92 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision The contractor shall do what is necessary in the minimum to ensure the disposal sites are made safe after disposal of the waste (level the waste, ensure drainage and safety) (e) The contractor shall maintain a waste register in the site office At the site office -do- Contractor SC, PMU which will keep records of types and quantities of waste removed from the site and places of disposal. The waste registry will be monitored by the PMU staff during project implementation. (f) The contractor shall as much as possible dispose waste on a Construction sites for -do- Contractor SC, PMU daily basis (or as necessary given the waste quantities the proposed KMTT generated and onsite stockpiling space) without allowing to Main Building at stockpile onsite, at identified locations for debris disposal, Good Shed and recommended by the engineer. During transportation, dispose Railway premises materials should be covered with tarpaulin. 2.1.2 Protection of Ground Cover and Vegetation (a) Construction vehicle, machinery and equipment shall be used Designated vehicle -do- Contractor SC, PMU and stationed only in the areas of work and in any other area yards designated/ approved by the engineer. Ad-hoc and scattered parking and placement of machinery should be avoided to minimize harm to roadside ground cover. The contractor shall include in the C-ESMP submitted to the engineer a construction site layout plan indicating various areas identified for designated use including parking areas. (b) Contractor should provide necessary instructions to drivers, -do- -do- -do- -do- operators and other construction workers not to destroy 93 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision ground vegetation cover unnecessarily. Designated vehicle parks and maintenance yards must be informed to labour force. (c) Top soil of productive areas where it has to be removed for -do- -do- -do- -do- the purpose of this project shall be stripped to a specified depth of 150mm and stored in stockpiles of height not exceeding 2m, if directed by the engineer. If the contractor is in any doubt on whether to conserve the topsoil or not for any given area he/she shall obtain the direction from the engineer in writing Removed top soil could be used as a productive soil when replanting/establishing vegetation under landscaping plans Stockpiled topsoil must be returned to cover the areas including cut slopes where the topsoil has been removed due to project activities. Residual topsoil must be distributed on adjoining/proximate barren areas as identified by the engineer in a layer of thickness of 75mm – 150mm. Topsoil thus stockpiled for reuse shall not be surcharged or overburdened. As far as possible multiple handling of topsoil stockpiles should be kept to a minimum. 2.1.3 Contamination of Soil by fuel & Lubrications (a) Vehicle/machinery and equipment servicing and maintenance Servicing yards to be Engineering Contractor SC, PMU work shall be carried out only in designated locations/ service used for vehicle cost stations approved by the engineer. servicing The contractor shall include in the C-ESMP submitted to the engineer a construction site layout plan indicating various 94 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision areas identified for designated use including equipment/vehicle service areas. (b) Approval from CEA in the form of an Environmental -do- - -do- SC, PMU Protection Licenses (EPL) should be secured by the contractor if he intends to establish his own vehicle servicing yard (c) Waste oil, other petroleum products and untreated wastewater Servicing yards to be Engineering -do- SC, PMU shall not be discharged on ground so that to avoid soil used for vehicle cost pollution. Clean up measures shall be taken against pollution servicing and of soil by spillage of petroleum/oil products from storage locations where tanks and containers. All waste petroleum products shall be vehicles will be disposed of in accordance with the guidelines issued by the temporarily stationed CEA or the engineer (See Annex 13 and 14) (d) Sites used for vehicle and plant service and maintenance shall New servicing yards Engineering -do- -do- be restored back to its initial status. Site restoration will be developed by the cost considered as incidental to work. contractor for the project 2.1.4 Management of hazardous waste (a) Contractor prior to the commencement of work shall provide Locations identified - Contractor SC, PMU list of harmful, hazardous and risky chemicals/ material that to store chemicals will be used in the project work to the Engineer. Contractor and waste disposal shall also provide the list of places where such chemicals/materials or their containers or other harmful materials have been dumped as waste at the end of the project, via the waste register. 95 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (b) Handling of hazardous waste shall be according to the -Do- - -do- SC, PMU guidelines stipulated as per the national framework (Annex 13 and 14) (c) Asbestos Containing Materials (ACM) shall not be used for any temporary and permanent work on the KMTT site. (d) All disposal sites should be approved by the engineer and -Do- - -do- SC, PMU approved by CEA and relevant local authority. (d) The contractor shall clean up any area including water-bodies All affected water Engineering -do- -do- affected/contaminated (if any) as directed by the engineer at bodies close to cost his own cost. material storage and waste disposal sites 2.2 Storage, transport and handling of construction material 2.2.1 Emission of Dust (a) Dust emissions should be controlled by wet spraying of At all material Engineering contractor SC, PMU construction sites and roads which are used for transportation storage locations cost of Construction materials at regular intervals. Tarpaulin covering is mandatory on trucks /lorries which are used for transporting materials All stockpiles including temporary storage of debris and construction materials should be covered using tarpaulin covering. (b) Noise and Dust barriers with minimum height of 4m should Construction sites for Engineering Contractor SC, PMU be erected around entire working sites to control dust the proposed KMTT cost emission to the ambient air. Selection of the suitable material Main Building at for the barriers is subject to approval of the Engineer. Dust Good Shed and barriers shall be established along with the construction to Railway premises cover the entire site. 96 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (c) Vehicles should be maintained in good condition regularly so -do- Engineering Contractor SC, PMU that noise generating from wear and tear will be minimal. cost (d) The construction materials intended for temporarily storage -do- Engineering Contractor SC, PMU should be properly stockpiled in most appropriate areas in the cost Site to avoid disturbance to site mobility, traffic and stored away from drainage paths and suitably covered (with artificial barriers or vegetation) to avoid washout. The contractor shall include in the C-ESMP submitted to the engineer a construction site layout plan indicating various areas identified for designated use including material storage areas ( e) All vehicles delivering materials shall be covered to avoid -do- Contractor SC, PMU spillage and dust emission. (f) The contractor should enforce vehicle speed limits to -do- Contractor SC, PMU minimize dust generation. Please refer section 1.9.2 on traffic management for transport routes and times of the day that transport of construction material to the site is allowed. 2.2.2 Storage of fuel, oil and chemicals (avoid fumes and offensive odor) (a) All cement, bitumen (barrels), oil and other chemicals should At all material Engineering -do- -do- be stored and handled on an impervious surface (metal sheet, storage locations cost concrete slab) above ground level. (cement, bitumen, Storage facility of cement, bitumen (barrels), oil and other fuel, oil and other chemicals should be an enclosed structure ensuring that no chemicals used for storm water flows in to the structure. construction Alternatively, if the storage is not enclosed a ridge should be activities) placed around the storage facility to avoid runoff getting in to the structure. 97 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision Adequate ventilation should be kept to avoid accumulation of fumes and offensive odour that could be harmful to material handlers. 2.2.3 Efficient use of materials Efficient use of all construction material in order to reduce All material use Engineering -do- -do- waste generation. locations cost 2.2.4 Use of hazardous materials All use of chemicals and hazardous materials will be subject All material use Engineering -do- -do- to national and international regulations and requirements. locations cost Their use will be minimized and their release will be controlled. 2.3 Water – Protection of Water Sources, Water Quality and Dewatering 2.3.1 Loss of minor water sources and disruption to water users (a) Arrange adequate supply of water for the project purpose Construction sites for Engineering -do- -do- throughout the construction period in consultation with the the proposed KMTT cost Kandy Municipal Council (KMC). The contractor should Main Building at discuss the daily requirement for potable and non-potable Good Shed and water and confirm with the KMC that the demand can be met Railway premises, through their supply connection. labour camps and vehicle servicing yards. (b) Do not extract water from surface water bodies or water Construction sites for -do- -do- -do- sources without the permission from Engineer & relevant the proposed KMTT authority. Obtain permission for extracting ground water, if Main Building at needed, prior to the commencing of the project, from the Good Shed and relevant authority. Railway premises 98 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (c) Water and wastewater contaminated with engineering -do- -do- -do- -do- chemical should not be directly diverted to the common drains. Water from dewatering actitvity, contaminated water with silt, cement or any other chemicals should not be directly diverted to the main drains or Meda Ela but first directed to settling tank on site and only the treated effluent shall be discharged to the Meda Ela. Similarly, the contractor shall control contamination of run- off water during maintenance & operation of equipment by directing the wasteqwater to a settling tank and oil separator prior to discharging to the Meda ela/other public drains. All types of wastewater discharged from the site should meet the minimum standards stipulated by the CEA for discharge into local waterbodies. (d) Adopt low flow fixtures to reduce fresh water consumption Construction sites -do- -do- -do- and recycle grey water as technically and financially feasible within the labour camps and construction site. 2.3.2 Locating, sanitation and waste disposal in construction camps (a) Locations selected for labour camps should be approved by Sensitive locations Engineering Contractor SC, PMU engineer and comply with guidelines/ recommendations such as Temples, cost issued by the CEA/Local Authority (LA). Construction of Kovils, Churches, labour camps shall not be located within 200m from Schools, etc. waterways (onsite or offsite) or near to a site or premises of religious, cultural or archeological importance and school. 99 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (b) Labour camps shall be provided with adequate and At all labour camps Engineering -do- -do- appropriate facilities for disposal of sewerage and solid waste. cost The sewage systems shall be properly designed, built and operated so that no pollution to ground or adjacent water bodies/watercourses takes place. Garbage bins shall be provided the camps and regularly emptied. Garbage should be disposed in a hygienic manner, to the satisfaction of the relevant norms. Compliance with the relevant regulations and guidelines issued by the CEA/LA shall be strictly adhered to. (c) Contractor shall ensure that all camps are kept clean and -Do- Engineering -do- -do- hygienic. Necessary measures shall be taken to prevent cost breeding of vectors (d) Contractor shall report any outbreak of infectious disease of With special attention -do- -do- importance in a labour camp to the engineer and the Medical near to labour camps Officer of Health (MOH) or to the Public Health Inspector (PHI) of the area immediately. Contractor shall carry out all instructions issued by the authorities, if any. (e) Contractor shall adhere to the CEA recommendations on At all labour camps -do- -do- disposal of wastewater. Wastewater shall not be discharged to ground or waterways in a manner that will cause unacceptable surface or ground water pollution. (f) All relevant provisions of the Factories Act and any other -Do- -do- -do- relevant regulations aimed at safety and health of workers shall be adhered to. (g) Contractor shall remove all labour camps fully after its need -Do- Engineering -do- -do- is over, empty septic tanks, remove all garbage, debris and cost clean and restore the area back to its former condition. 2.3.3 Wastage of water and waste minimization 100 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (a) The contractor will minimize wastage of water in the Construction sites for Contractor PMU, KMC, construction process/operations by reusing water as much as the proposed KMTT CEA,SC possible, utilizing only the required amount of water for the Main Building at construction works etc. Good Shed and The contractor shall maintain a record of usage of water for Railway premises, various purposes and sources tapped. labour camps and vehicle servicing yards. The contractor will adopt measures that are technically and All construction sites Engineering Contractor PMU, SC financially feasible that avoid or minimize water usage cost throughout the construction period. 2.4 Flood Prevention due to blocked drainage and control of soil erosion 2.4.1 Blockage of drainage paths and drains (a) The contractor is required to implement a proper on-site storm Construction sites for Engineering Contractor PMU, SC, water drainage management system avoiding blocking of the proposed KMTT cost KMC,RDA Meda Ela and connecting streams leading to floods directly Main Building at caused by any construction activity. Good Shed and The contractor shall first obtain the Engineer’s approval in Railway premises writing for the Drainage Management Plan. Contractor shall carry out a prior investigation on potential flood situations and report to the Consultant. Contractor shall maintain the Meda Ela (section within the site) and if the canal structures are damaged the Contractor is responsible to restore the drainage path back to its original status ensuring smooth water flow. (b) The on-ste storm water drainage management plan will Construction sites for Engineering Contractor PMU, SC, identify specific locations for silt traps, catch pits and the proposed KMTT cost retention ponds within the site, if any, that will be installed Main Building at 101 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision during the construction period (and as instructed by the Good Shed and Engineer) to avoid excessive mixing of fines and potentially Railway premises, contaminated material being released into Meda Ela and Kandy lake, labour Connected Drains. camps and vehicle servicing yards. A permanent silt trap should be constructed and properly maintained at the end point of the underground section of Meda Ela during the construction period to minimize downstream siltation of the stream. Regular maintaining and desilting of the silt traps and catch pits should be done in order to maintain the proper functioning of silt traps and catch pits. Disposal of the silt shall be done by the contractor at sites approved by the KMC. (c) If flooding or stagnation of water is caused by contractor’s Construction sites for Engineering Contractor PMU,SC, activities, contractors shall provide suitable means to (a) the proposed KMTT cost KMC prevent loss of access to any land or property and (b) prevent Main Building at damage to land and property. Contractor shall compensate Good Shed and for any loss of income or damage as a result. Railway premises (d) Significant quantity of slurry will be generated due to piling Construction sites for Engineering Contractor SC,PMU, actions and it has to be managed with proper engineering the proposed KMTT cost KMC intervention avoiding direct disposal to the Meda Ela, Main Building connecting streams and onsite drainage paths. Residues shall be disposed on regular basis to maintain a proper site management. Bentonite mixed wastewater from piling activity will be directed to a settlement tank where the Bentonite will be 102 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision separated and reused. The contractor will check the quality of he effluent and subject it to further treatement, if necessary, prior to discharge into the Meda Ela or other public drains. 2.4.2 Soil erosion control The contractor shall ensure drainage paths within the Construction sites for Engineering Contractor SC, PMU, construction site are well defined and that soil erosion and the proposed KMTT cost KMC sediment control devices are installed, at appropriate Main Building locations, inspected and maintained as required, especially to ensure that Meda Ela does not receive large amounts of silt and soil particles. (Typical measures include the use of berms, dikes sediment basins, fiber mats, drains etc). The contractor shall indicate on a site layout plan the drainage network and strategic locations in wich soil erosion control devices will be installed and shall include so in the C-ESMP. The contractor shall, to the extent possible, schedule/stage works to minimise cleared areas and exposed soils at a given time. Barricades such as humps shall be erected around excavated areas for culverts, silttraps, foundations, as some work in these sections will have to be stopped during heavy rains due to heavy erosion. To prevent soil erosion in these excavated areas, proper earth drain system should be introduced complete with silt traps/silt curtains, as most appropriate. The ground shall not be unduly exposed to erosive forces, such exposed slopes shall be covered by a geotextile or other suitable materials per the specifications (especially in wet weather periods). 103 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision Work that lead to heavy erosion shall be avoided during the raining season. If such activities need to be continued during rainy season prior approval must be obtained from the Engineer by submitting a proposal on actions that will be undertaken by the contractor to prevent erosion. All sedimentation and pollution control works and maintenance thereof are deemed, as incidental to the earthwork. 2.5.1 Generation of Dust (a) The contractor shall effectively manage the dust generating Construction sites for Engineering Contractor SC, PMU activities such as handling and transporting sand, rubble, the proposed KMTT cost bitumen, and cement during periods of high winds or during Main Building at more stable conditions with winds directed towards adjacent Good Shed and residences and other facilities. Railway premises, The Contractor shall erect a dust/noise barrier has around the labour camps and site, especially in the northern and southern perimeters that vehicle servicing border buildings and railway station, respectively. yards., storage (b) All vehicles delivering materials shall be covered to avoid locations of sand, -do- -do- -do- spillage and dust emission. rubble, bitumen, (c) The Contractor should avoid, where possible and take suitable cement and all roads -do- -do- -do- action to prevent dirt and mud being carried to the roadway used for material (particularly following wet weather). transportation, (d) The contractor should enforce vehicle speed limits to -do- -do- -do- minimize dust generation. (e) The Contractor shall employ a water truck to sprinkle water -do- -do- -do- for dust suppression on all exposed areas as required (note: the use of waste water / waste oil for dust suppression is prohibited) 104 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (f) All existing roads used by vehicles of the contractor, or any of -do- -do- -do- his sub-contractor or supplies of materials or plant and similar roads which are part of the works shall be kept clean and clear of all dust/mud or other extraneous materials dropped by such vehicles or their tyres. (g) Clearance shall be affected immediately by manual sweeping -do- -do- -do- and removal of debris, or, if so directed by the Engineer, by mechanical sweeping and clearing equipment. Additionally, if so directed by the Engineer, the road surface will be hosed or sprinkled water using appropriate equipment’s. (h) Plants, machinery and equipment shall be handled (including -do- -do- -do- dismantling) so as to minimize generation of dust. 2.5.2 Odour and offensive smells (a) Construction sites for Contractor shall take all precautions such as storing all Engineering Contractor SC, PMU chemicals used for construction works in properly closedthe proposed KMTT cost containers with good ventilations to prevent odour and Main Building at offensive smell emanating from chemicals and processes Good Shed and applied in construction works or from labour camps. In aRailway premises, situation when/where odour or offensive smell does occurlabor camps and vehicle servicing contractor shall take immediate action to rectify the situation. yards. Storage Contractor is responsible for any compensation involved with locations of bitumen any health issue arisen out of bad odour and offensive smells. and chemicals. 2.5.3. Emission from construction Vehicles, Equipment and Machinery (a) The emission standards promulgated under the National All plants, machinery - Contractor SC, PMU Environment Act shall be strictly adhered to. and vehicles used for construction 105 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (b) All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction -Do- Engineering -do- -do- shall be regularly serviced and well maintained to ensure that cost emission levels comply with the relevant standards. (c) Contractor should obtain the certificate issued by the -Do- -Do- -do- -do- Vehicular Emission Test (VET) for all construction vehicles, plants and other machineries and it should be renewed annually. The contractor shall subnmit copies of VET certificates to the Engineer. 2.6. Noise Pollution and Vibration 2.6.1 Noise from Vehicles, Plants and Equipment. (a) The contractor shall maintain the average noise levels within the constructin site during the day time to 75 dB and night time to 50dB (National Standards stipulated by the CEA) 11 (b) Noise barriers (cum dust) with minimum height of 4m shall Around the site or as Engineering Contractor SC, PMU be installed around the site as shown in the following figures justified on the Cost and the construction noise levels outside the noise barriers northern and southern should be maintained below 75dB during day time. perimeters of the site. 11 Maximum permissible noise levels stipulated under the Extraordinary Gazette No. 924/12- Thursday, May 23, 1996 by the Central Environmental Authority (CEA) of Sri Lanka for construction sites. 106 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision Within the site, the contractor shall measure noise levels on a monthly basis, or as per requirement, and report to the SLCTB buildings at Engineer through through the constractor’s monthly progress Good Shed Bus reports. Where, exceedences are noted, that can adversely Terminal, SLR affect construction workers, the contractor shall propose buildings.at Railway methods to control noise levels. Premises, KMC buildings/shops and All machinery and equipment should be well maintained and & other buildings and fitted with noise reduction devices in accordance with vehicle servicing manufacturer’s instructions. areas. All machinery and vehicles (c) All vehicles and equipment used in construction shall be fitted All equipment, Engineering -do- -do- with exhaust silences. During routine servicing operations, machinery and cost the effectiveness of exhaust silencers shall be checked and if vehicles used for found to be defective shall be replaced. Notwithstanding any underground drainage other conditions of contract, noise level from any item of improvement works plant(s) must comply with the relevant legislation for levels of sound emission. Non-compliant plant shall be removed from site. 107 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (d) Maintenance of vehicles, equipment and machinery shall be -do- Engineering -do- -do- regular and proper, to the satisfaction of the Engineer, to keep cost noise from these at a minimum. (e) Workers in vicinity of strong noise, and workers working -do- Engineering -do- -do- with or in crushing, compaction, batching or concrete mixing cost operations shall be provided with protective gear. (f) The contractor shall carry out noise measurements to ensure compliance with CEA standards. The locations and frequency of measurements shall be decided and mapped and submitted to the PMU in the contractor’s method statement. 2.6.2 Vibration (a) Contractor shall take appropriate action to ensure that Construction sites for - Contractor PMU,SC construction works do not result in damage to the adjacent the proposed KMTT properties due to vibration. Main Building at Good Shed and Railway premises (b) Prior to commencement of the construction activities at the Construction sites for - -do- -do- Construction sites for the proposed KMTT Main Building at the propose Good Shed and Railway premises, a pre- construction crack Construction sites for survey of permanent structures shall be carried out 50 m the proposed KMTT distance from the outer boundary of the existing structure. Main Building at This pre-condition crack survey should be a well-documented Good Shed and detailed survey including all existing cracks of the structures Railway premises with sketch of the building including photographic evidences, marked in position to indicate the present condition with the date on which it was checked, if necessary to paste a microscopic glass slide across the crack to monitor the 108 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision propagation of cracks and should be approved by the Engineer prior to work commencing on sites. . (c) Contractor shall pay due consideration on vibration impacts -do- - -do- -do- of construction on adjoining structures. In the event vibration levels are found to be exceeding national standards, he shall modify the method of construction until compliance with stipulated national vibration standards are met. (e) The contractor shall carry out vibration measurements to Locations to be ensure compliance with national standards. The locations and identified during frequency of measurements shall be decided and mapped and project submitted to the PMU in the contractor’s C-ESMP. implementation that are considered most strategic for the purpose of monitoring. 2.7 Impacts to Flora 2.7.1 Loss or Damage to Trees and Vegetation (a) All construction works shall be carried out in a manner that Construction sites for Engineering Contractor PMU, DS, the destruction to flora and their habitats is minimized. the proposed KMTT Cost DoF, Main Building at CEA,SC Trees and vegetation shall be felled / removed only if that Good Shed and impinges directly on the permanent works or necessary Railway premises, temporary works. The tentative list of trees that impinges on disposal sites, labour the construction footpint of the KMTT is identified and camps, vehicle provided in page 28, this list will need to be validated against servicing yards. the finalized building layout and each tree removal justified. Offsite areas such as burrow pits, quarries and batching plants, 109 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision In all such cases of tree removal contractor shall take prior disposal sites, approval from the Engineer prior to removal with a parking/vehicle justification as to why the removal is unavoidable. service yards etc,if any. 2.7.2 Chance found important Flora (a) During construction, if rare/threatened/endangered flora Construction sites for - Contractor PMU, DoF, species is found, it shall be immediately informed to the PMU the proposed KMTT DWLC,SC by the contractor. All activities that could destroy such flora main building at and/or its habitat shall be stopped with immediate effect. Such Good Shed and activities shall be started only after obtaining the Engineer’s Railway premises, approval. Contractor shall carry out all activities and plans disposal sites, labour that the Engineer instructed him to undertake to conserve such camps, vehicle flora and/or its habitat. servicing yards. Offsite areas such as burrow pits, quarries and batching plants, disposal sites, parking/vehicle service yards etc,if any. 2.8 Impact on Fauna 2.8.1 Loss, Damage or Disruption to Fauna (a) All works shall be carried out in such a manner that the Construction sites for Contractor PMU, SC destruction or disruption to the fauna and their habitats is the proposed KMTT minimum. main building at Good Shed and Railway premises. Offsite areas such as burrow pits, quarries 110 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision and batching plants, disposal sites, parking/vehicle service yards etc, if any. (b) Construction workers shall be instructed to protect fauna -do- Contractor PMU, SC including birds and animals as well as their habitats. Hunting shall be strictly prohibited. 2.8.2 Chance find important Fauna (a) During construction, if a rare/threatened/endangered fauna -do- - Contractor PMU, SC, species is found, it shall be immediately informed to the PMU DWLC by the contractor. All activities that could destroy such fauna and/or its habitat shall be stopped with immediate effect. Such activit ies shall be started only after obtaining the Engineer’s approval. Contractor shall carry out all activities and plans that the Engineer instructed him to undertake to conserve such fauna and/or its habitat. 2.9 Disruption to Users 2.9.1 Traffic Jams & Congestion (a) The contractor will prepare a Traffic management plan in Construction sites for - Contractor PMU, RDA consultation of the city traffic committee and duly disclosed the proposed KMTT LA,Police, to the public. Main Building at SLTB, CP- In order to ease traffic within the city, transport of Good Shed and PTSA construction material and machinery will be done prior to Railway premises, 6.00 am and after 8.00 pm. During school traffic hour’s disposal sites, labour transportation of construction materials and heavy machinery camps, vehicle shall not be done. servicing yards 111 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision If directed by the Engineer the contractor shall obtain the consent for the traffic arrangement from the Police Traffic Division, Kandy. (b) Special consideration shall be given in the preparation of the -do- - -do- -do- traffic management plan ensuring the safety of pedestrians and workers at night. (c) Personnel used for traffic control by the contractor shall be -do- -do- -do- -do- properly trained, provided with proper gear including communication equipment, luminous jackets for night use. All signs, barricades, pavement markings used for traffic management should be to the standards and approved by the Engineer/ Police. (d) The manual of traffic control devices of RDA Should be -do- - -do- -do- followed during construction period in order to ensure the safety and traffic control. 2.9.2 Traffic Control and Safety (a) The Contractor shall take all necessary measures for the Railway premises, Engineering Contractor SC, PMU, safety of traffic during construction and provide, erect and disposal sites, cost maintain such barricades, including signs, markings, flags, lights and flagmen as may be required by the Engineer for the information and protection of traffic. The provision of traffic safety measures shall be considered incidental to work and follow The Institute for Construction Training and Development (ICTAD) guidelines and instructions given by the Police, if any. 112 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (b) Informing the public through newspapers/ announcements/ Project influence area Engineering -do- -do- radio/ TV etc. about the construction activities in order to cost avoid any inconveniences due to the construction activities. (c) Provide information and boards at each strategic locations -do- Engineering Contractor SC, PMU indicating basic info – times of closure, diversion routes etc. cost 2.10 Traffic Safety assessment (a) Road safety monitoring plan shall be implemented During the Engineering Contractor SC, PMU throughout the construction period. Monitoring incidents and construction Cost accidents and monthly reporting shall be required. (b) Appropriate safety improvement measures shall be During the Engineering Contractor SC, PMU implemented avoiding incidents due to movement of construction Cost construction vehicles based on the periodic review of reports. 2.11 Public and Worker Health and Safety 2.11.1 Accidents and risks (a) The contractor will employ a qualified Helath and Safety Construction period Engineering Contractor SC, PMU Specialist in his team. He/she will submit to the engineer a cost comprehensive Health and Safety Plan for the site which will be based on an assessment of OSH ad public safety risks in relation to various types of construction activity and which covers the entire construction period. The H&S specialist will oversee its implementation regularly assessing the risk of various hazards and adopting mitigation measures (a suggested TOR for the specialist is attached to the ESMP) The following sections highlight some of the key aspects the H&S plan should cover but not be limited to; (b) Entrance to the construction sites for general public shall be Construction sites for Engineering Contractor SC, PMU strictly restricted during the construction period. the proposed KMTT cost All reasonable precautions will be taken to prevent danger of Main Building at the workers and the public from accidents such as fire, Good Shed and 113 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision explosions, blasts, falling rocks, falling to excavated pits, Railway premises, chemical sprays, unsafe power supply lines etc. Labour camps, vehicle servicing yards, temporary storage site, contractor’s own burrow/quarry/plant sites and all disposal sites (c) The Contractor shall comply with requirements for the safety Construction sites for Engineering Contractor SC, PMU of the workmen as per the international labor organization the proposed KMTT Cost (ILO) convention No. 62 and Safety and Health regulations of Main Building at the Factory Ordinance of Sri Lanka to the extent that those are Good Shed and applicable to this contract. The contractor shall supply all Railway premises, necessary safety appliances such as safety goggles, helmets, Labour camps, masks, boots, etc., to the workers and staff. The contractor vehicle servicing has to comply with all regulations regarding safe scaffolding, yards, temporary ladders, working platforms, gangway, excavations, trenches storage site and all and safe means of entry. disposal sites Fixing of ion structures for sky walk will be an activity carried out while the railway is functioning. Special safety arrangement is required and these shall be clearly spelt out in the H&S plan. (d) Safety measures should be applied to prevent from falling of Construction sites for Engineering Contractor SC, PMU workers, equipment and materials from the higher elevation to the proposed KMTT Cost the ground for the safety of general public and workers. Main Building at Good Shed and Railway premises 114 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision 2.11.2 Prevention of Risks due to Electrocution All electrical wiring and supply related work should confirm Construction sites for Engineering Contractor SC, PMU to British Standards (BS) or relevant Sri Lankan Standards. the proposed KMTT cost Adequate precautions will be taken to prevent danger of Main Building at electrocuting from electrical equipment and power supply Good Shed and lines including distribution boards, transformers, etc. Railway premises, Measures such as danger signboards, danger/red lights, material storage and fencing and lights will be provided to protect the public and worker camps workers. All electric power driven machines to be used in the contractor’s own construction shall be free from defect, be properly maintained burrow/quarry/plant and kept in good working order, be regularly inspected and as sites and all disposal per BS provisions and to the satisfaction of the Engineer. sites 2.11.3 Prevention of Risks at Hazardous Activities associated with construction activities. (a) All workers employed in hazardous activities shall be Construction sites for Engineering Contractor SC, PMU provided with necessary protective gear. These activities the proposed KMTT cost include mixing asphalt material, cement, lime mortars, Main Building at concrete etc., welding work, work at crushing plants, Good Shed and operators of machinery and equipment such as power saws, Railway premises, etc. Labour camps, vehicle servicing yards, temporary storage site and all disposal sites, contractor’s own burrow/quarry/plant sites (b) The use of any toxic chemicals shall be done strictly in Construction sites for Engineering Contractor SC, PMU accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The the proposed KMTT cost 115 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision Engineer shall be notified of toxic chemicals that are planned Main Building at to be used in all contract related activities. A register of all Good Shed and toxic chemicals delivered to the site shall be kept and Railway premises, maintained up to date by the Contractor. The register shall Labour camps, include the trade name, physical properties and vehicle servicing characteristics, chemical ingredients, health and safety hazard yards, temporary information, safe handling and storage procedures, and storage site and all emergency and first aid procedures for the product. disposal sites, contractor’s own burrow/quarry/plant sites 2.11.4 Lead Pollution (a) No paint containing lead or lead products will be used except Construction sites for - Contractor SC/PMU in the form of paste or readymade paint. Facemasks shall be the proposed KMTT supplied to workers who are working in spray painting or Main Building at scraping lead paints. Good Shed and Railway premises where spray painting is done 2.12 Health and Safety 2.12.1 Prevention of Vector based Diseases (a) Contractor shall take necessary actions to prevent breeding of Construction sites for Engineering Contractor SC/PMU, mosquitoes at places of work, labour camps, plus office and the proposed KMTT cost LA store buildings. Stagnation of water in all areas including Main Building at gutters, used and empty cans, containers, tyres, etc shall be Good Shed and prevented. Approved chemicals to destroy mosquitoes and Railway premises, larvae should be regularly applied. Labour camps, vehicle servicing 116 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision All borrow sites should be rehabilitated at the end of their use yards, temporary by the contractor in accordance with the storage site, requirements/guidelines issued by the Central Environmental contractor’s own authority and relevant local authorities burrow/quarry/plant sites and all disposal sites. (b) Contractor shall keep all places of work, labour camps, plus -do- -do- -do- -do- office and store buildings clean devoid of garbage to prevent breeding of rats and other vectors such as flies. 2.12.2 Prevention of water-borne, water-based, water related diseases (a) Extra precautions should be given for; All construction sites, Engineers Contractor SC, PMU Use good environmental management practices to clean the labour camps cost work site and labour camps regularly. Make the work force aware to practice good personal hygiene measures. Make aware of food safety precautions to make the work force aware of the fundamentals of food safety. Supply properly treated water for the workers. 2.12.3 Managing Gender Base Issues of Workers, Risk of Adverse Impacts on Communities from Project Induced Labor Influx (Absence of enough sanitary facility for women workers, use of child labor, wage disparity, entitlement of leave, lack of awareness among workers, encouraging local community for works. The risks of adverse impacts on communities from temporary project induced labor influx E.g: sexually transmitted diseases) 117 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (a) The contractor shall give priority to selecting labor from Contractor, Supervision project influenced areas so as to minimize the need for Consultant, N/A N/A KMC, PMU erecting labor camps and minimizing labor influx. (b) Frequent supervision of laborers’ activities, labor welfare -Do- -Do- Camps/ Yards/ needs, and action to ensure hygienic conditions in the work N/A Construction area sites/ camps (c) The contractor will ensure to avoid illegal lodging Project Influence Engineer’s -Do- -Do- arrangements by workers recuited by contractors Area Cost (d) Avoid social conflicts among contactor’s labor force and the Contractor, Supervision surrounding community or tension and prevalence of gender- Consultant, -Do- -Do- based violence through the implementation of LMP. KMC, Police, PMU (e) Conduct awareness programs to labor force on good hygienic Contractor Supervision practices and dangers of sexually transmitted diseases such as Engineer’s Consultant, Camps/Yards HIV/AIDS. Cost KMC, MOH, PMU (f) Conduct awareness program to host community on Gender -Do- -Do- Project Influence Engineer’s Based Violence (GBV), good hygienic practices and dangers Area Cost of sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV/AIDS. (g) Introduce a code of conduct for labor teams to prevent alcohol Contractor, Supervision Camps/ Yards/ Contractor and drug abuse, violence, sexual abuse etc Consultant, Construction area Cost PMU (h) Continue consultation and interaction with host community Contractor, Supervision Project Influence Contractor Consultant, Area Cost KMC, MOH, PMU 118 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (i) Prepare an inventory (including names/ National ID numbers/ Contractor, Supervision addresses etc) of entire labor force employed by contractor, Consultant, N/A N/A and share with the Engineer. This inventory shall be updated PMU at each recruitment or resignation of labours.. (j) The contractor shall have a clear recruitment procedure for -Do- -Do- workers to avoid adhoc recruitments. Contractor shall sign N/A N/A agreements on conditions and rights of each labour before recruitment (k) The contractor shall provide water and sanitation facilities for -Do- -Do- employees/laborers (1 toilet/15 persons) and separate Camps/Yards/Site -Do- facilities for men and women (refer 2.3.2). (l) Contractor shall provide a source of potable water and clean -Do- -Do- -Do- -Do- eating place for workers, at a location not exposed to hazardous or noxious substances (refer 2.3.2). (m) Equal participation of women for work shall be encouraged -Do- -Do- and ensure wage parity during implementation of the project according to the policy of Sri Lankan Government sector N/A -Do- recruitment; women are given equal pay for work of equal value. (This will be included in the contractual agreements) (n) The contractor shall not employ children less than 16 years of -Do -Do age and not employ young persons between ages between 16 and 18 and women in dangerous jobs such as mining, N/A -Do- excavation, operating heavy vehicles & machinery, electric works, blasting & explosive works. (o) The contractor shall ensure entitlement of leave for workers -Do -Do according to the Shop and Office Employees (Regulation of -Do- N/A Employment and Remuneration) Act. (p) The contractor shall refrain from trafficking of men, women -Do -Do Contractor, Supervision and children for labour work Consultant, 119 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision KMC, MOH, PMU (o) Project Influence Do Contractor Supervision GBV reporting will be integreated in the GRM mechanism Area Consultant, PMU 2.12.4 First Aid (a) At every workplace, first aid kit shall be provided as per the Construction sites for Engineering Contractor SC, PMU regulations. At every workplace an ambulance room the proposed KMTT cost containing the prescribed equipment and nursing staff shall be Main Building at provided. Good Shed and Railway premises, Labour camps, vehicle servicing yards, temporary storage site, contractor’s own burrow/quarry/plant sites and all disposal sites 2.12.5 Potable Water (a) In every workplace and labour camps portable water shall be -do- -do- -do- -do- available throughout the day in sufficient quantities. 2.12.6 Incident/accident notification system is missing in the table. There should be an incident classification and notification system between contractor-PMU and PMU-WB. The incident/accident investigation system (especially in case of fatalities/serious accidents) should also be described here. 2.13 Protection of Archeological Properties 120 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision 2.13.1 Prevention of damage to Cultural and Religious Places and Properties (a) During construction activities the contractor should take all Potentially in - Contractor PMU, SC, & necessary and adequate care to minimize impacts on cultural disposal sites, storage Department properties which includes cultural sites and remains, places of areas, labour camps, of worship. contructor’s own Archeology, Workers should not be allowed to trespass in to such areas. burrow/quarry/plant religious sites. leaders 2.13.2 Chance found Archaeological property. (Procedures to be followed Annex 17) (a) All fossils, coins, articles of value of antiquity and structures Construction sites for - Contractor PMU, SC, & and other remains or things of geological or archaeological the proposed KMTT Department interest etc. discovered on the site and/or during construction Main Building at of work shall be the property of the Government of Sri Lanka, Good Shed and Archeology, and shall be dealt with as per provisions of Antiquities Railway premises, religious Ordinance of 1940 (Revised in 1956 & 1998) Labour camps, leaders vehicle servicing yards, temporary storage site and all disposal sites (b) Upon such discovery, the contractor shall take reasonable Contractor PMU, SC, & precaution to prevent his workmen or any other persons from Department removing/damaging any such article and shall immediately of inform the Engineer. Upon instruction from the Engineer, the Archeology, contractor shall follow the following steps; religious leaders 121 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision • Immediately stop construction activities (in discussion with the Engineer construction work may be stopped within a 100m or so, if not the entire site). • Delineate the discovered site area and secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects. In case of removable antiquities or sensitive remains, a night guard should be present until the responsible authority takes over. • Through the Engineer, notify the responsible authorities, the Department of Archaeology and local authorities within 24 hours. • Submit a brief chance find report, within a specified time period, with date and time of discovery, location of discovery, description of finding, estimated weight and dimension of PCR and temporary protection implemented. • Responsible authorities would be in charge of protecting and preserving the site before deciding on follow up procedures to be carried out. • Co-operate with the Department of Archaeoloy who may decide to either remove the PCR deemed to be of significance, further excavate within a specified distance of the discovery point and conserve on-site, and/or extend/reduce the areas demarcated by the contractor etc. This should ideally take place within about 7 days. • Construction work shall resume only when permission is given from the Department of Archaeology. 122 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision 2.14 Environmental Enhancement (a) On completion of the works, the temporary structures shall be -do- -do- -do- -do- cleared away in full, all rubbish removed to waste dumps and septic tank emptied/filled for proper closure and roadsides/workplaces/labour camps cleared and cleaned. 2.15 Handling Environmental Issues during Construction (a) The Contractor will appoint a suitably qualified Safety, All Project Sites -do- -do- -do- Health, Environment and Social (SHES) officer following the award of the contract. The SHES Officer will be the primary point of contact for assistance with all environmental and social issues during the pre-construction and construction phases. He/she shall be responsible for ensuring the implementation of the C-ESMP, monitoring its implementation and reporting progress to the employer. Depending on the need and if the situation commands, the contractor shall recruit a SHE assistant to assist the SHES Officer. (b) The Contractor shall direct the SHE Officer to be responsible -do- for community liaison and to handle public complaints regarding environmental/ social related matters. All public complaints will be entered into the Complaints Register. The SHE Officer will promptly investigate and review environmental complaints and implement the appropriate corrective actions to arrest or mitigate the cause of the complaints. A register of all complaints is to be passed to the Engineer within 24 hrs they are received, with the action taken by the SHE Officer on complains thereof. 123 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision 2.16 Disturbance to Accesses Samagi Mawatha and Engineer’s Contractor SC, PMU Access to business places and government and private institutions may Sirimawo cost be constrained and made inconvenient during the construction period. Bandaranaiyake The contractor shall ensure; Mawatha All potentially affected stakeholders are duly informed of temporary access disturbances Alyernative access ways are identified, discussed and implemented 2.17 Grievance Redress Mechanism Grievances are inevitable during the entire construction Throughout the SC, PMU period. The contractor shall receive/handle grievances fully in project construction line with the projects GRM. period Grievances submitted in writing shall be referred to the PMU by the SHES Officer of the Contractor through the Engineer. Verbal communications shall be directed to PMU through Engineer. Contact information of Engineer/PMU/KMC in print form shall be available at the site. The grievances shall be submitted to the Engineer on the same day of receiving. It has to be recorded and the safeguard officer of the Engineer shall ensure the timely redress through the PMU 2.18 Incidents and Accidents Notification The engineer through the PMU shall promptly notify the Bank of Contruction phase Egineering Supervision PMU any incident, including GBV, or accident related to the Project cost consultant/Con which has, or is likely to have, a significant adverse effect on the tractor environment, the affected communities, the public or workers. The SC will furnish sufficient detail regarding the incident or Construction Phase Supervision PMU accident, indicating immediate measures taken or that are planned consultant/ to be taken to address it, and any information provided by any Contractor contractor and supervising entity, as appropriate. 124 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision The PMU shall prepare a report on the incident or accident and Construction Phase -do- PMU propose any measures to prevent its recurrence. 2.19 Site Closure & demobilizing (a) Site Restoration Plan for all the sites used for the KMTT Construction phase Engineering Contractor SC, PMU project will have to be prepared cost (b) The contractor will remove all excess material, equipment, Final Phase of the vehicles from the project site prior to complete project (c) demobilization. Engineering Contractor Coffer dams, if erected need to be completely removed and All project sites cost (d) associated debris has to be cleared from the. under the purview of All temporary site offices will be dismantled and removed the contractor from the site. If the parking site has been dilapidated in any way as per the (e) evaluation of the engineer, the contractor will reinstate it to the original condition prior to demobilization. The contractor will remove all excess material, equipment, vehicles from the project site prior to complete demobilization. 2.20 Natural habitats relevant to primary suppliers The contractor will include an evaluation of the systems and Throughout Engineering SC PMU verification practices used by the primary suppliers of construction phase cost construction material such as stone, sand and brick. The contractor will ensure that the primary suppliers are protecting and not adversely impacting the natural habitat. 2.21 Overall ESMP monitoring and reporting 125 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Project Mitigation Institutional /Social Issues phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision Monitor and report the environmental and social performance Construction phase SC Cost SC PMU against the ESS as relevant to the construction stage on a quarterly basis. 2.22 Stakeholder Engagement Plan Executing the stakeholder engagement plan during the Construction phase PMU PMU PMU construction stage. 2.23 Integrating with bid / contract documents All the above requirements during the construction state will Construction phase PMU SC PMU be included in the bid / contract documents as special conditions to the contract. 126 127 7b. Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for Operational Stage. Environmental/ Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Social Issues Project phase cost Implemention Supervision 1.0 Establishment of Operational Management and Maintenance Unit (a) A new entity will be established for the operational management of KMTT Entire KMTT KMTT KMTT KMTT O&M Fund Operation Operation and it shall prepare an Operational and Maintenance plan in consultation with Management Manageme the PMU for the operation of KMTT. The said entity shall nominate a Unit nt Unit responsible person such as Mechanical Engineer/ Municipal Engineer for implementing the O&M plan efficiently. If possible, the said entity will consider the posiibility of establishing a separate O&M unit. (b) The above said entity is responsible for allocating the sufficient annual funds -do- -do -do -do- that required for implementation of the O&M plan 2.0 Maintenance of Licence/Approvals (a) The said entity shall apply for the EPL from CEA before commencing the operations Entire KMTT KMTT KMTT KMTT O&M Fund Operation Operation entire KMTT and it will obtain the EPL form the CEA as per the regulation of the Management Manageme National Environmental Act No: 47 of 1980 amended by Acts No 56 of 1988 and No Unit, nt Unit, Environment Environme 53 of 2000. al Division/ ntal Division /CEA (b) EPL will be valid for certain time period (maximum of 3 years). The said entity is -do- -do -do- -do- responsible for renewal the EPL before it is expired. 128 Environmental/ Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Social Issues Project phase cost Implemention Supervision (c) The said unit shall maintain discharges and emissions into the environment from -do- -do -do- -do- entire KMTT activities in compliance with national discharge and emission standards. (c) The said entity shall monitor the environmental parameters such as water quality, -do- -do -do- -do- noise and vibration periodically (at least once in every six months) and submit the monitoring reports along with renewal application to the CEA. 3.0 Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measure Management 3.1.1 Storm water and Water Quality Management (a) There will be no discharging of rubbish, chemicals, or fuels, into the Meda -do- -do -do- -do- Ela and peripheral drainage network. The KMTT will be, as designed, connected to the Kandy Wastewater system and as such all black and grey warer shall be discharged only into this system. (b) The Property Manager will ensure that the relevant officials are aware of the -do- -do -do- -do- location of the emergency spill kits (including bunds and clean up material) to be use at the events of a spillage in order to arrest the contaminations. (c) Regular visual inspection of the ground to ensure there is no accidental -do- -do -do- -do- spillage of waste, chemicals, lubricants or fuels such that they could be washed into the peripheral drainage network in a rain event and such incidence shall be informed property manager immediately. 129 Environmental/ Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Social Issues Project phase cost Implemention Supervision Any spillage of liquid waste, chemicals or fuels will be contained and cleaned up as soon as practical in a manner which minimises any discharge to the environment under the supervision of property manager 3.2 Air Pollution 3.2.1 Vehicle/Bus Maintenance work inside the KMTT (a) The activities such as repairing, testing and tuning of engines or any other Bus Bay and KMTT KMTT KMTT Vehicle O&M Fund Operation Operation activities which are generating fogs and oil aerosols are prohibited to execute Parking Area Management Manageme inside the KMTT premises of the KMTT Unit, nt Unit, (b) Containers of volatile chemicals shall not be exposed to environment so that Bus Bay and KMTT KMTT KMTT Vehicle O&M Fund Operation Operation such chemicals will be released to the environment Parking Area Management Manageme of the KMTT Unit, nt Unit, (c) Space for Mobile Air Pollution Monitoring Unit of the CEA shall be allocated KMTT CEA CEA CEA as per the requirement and Management Unit shall facilitate monitoring air quality periodically. 3.2.2 Vehicle servicing (a) Proper barriers shall be provided to prevent spread of water mixed with Quick service KMTT KMTT KMTT area of the O&M Fund Operation Operation chemicals or petroleum products sprayed for serving vehicles with the winds KMTT Management Manageme Unit, nt Unit, (b) Workers shall be trained in service to prevent inadvertent air pollution -do- -do - -do- -do - 130 Environmental/ Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Social Issues Project phase cost Implemention Supervision 3.2.3 Fuelling Vehicles (a) It is need to take all precautions to minimize volatilizations of gasolines in to Fuel Station KMTT KMTT KMTT area O&M Fund Operation Operation the air according to regulations and guidleines of the Ceylon Petrolium Management Manageme Corporation. Unit, nt Unit, Regular inspection for leakages from the equipment shall be carried out by the officials under the supervision of property manager. (b) Train and aware workers to avoid malpractices which cause leaking volatile -do- -do - -do- -do - substances to the air. 3.2.4 Air Pollution due to Waste (a) All perishable waste shall be collected and disposed of the site daily basis Entire KMTT KMTT KMTT KMTT O&M Fund Operation Operation without letting them smelly and attracting rodents and flies Management Manageme Unit, nt Unit, / KMC Public Health Division (b) Toilets and sewerage disposal system shall be maintained and cleaned -do- -do- -do- -do- regularly 3.2 Noise Pollution 3.2.1 Noise barriers (a) Upon commissioning of the KMTT, the management entity should obtain a KMTT KMTT KMTT CEA O&M Fund Operation baseline noise measurement to check the compliance with regulation and take 131 Environmental/ Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Social Issues Project phase cost Implemention Supervision necessary remedial measures including erection of additional noise barriers as Management Unit required. 3.2.2 Proper operation and maintenance of equipment (a) Workers should be trained for proper operation of machines so that noise can Entire KMTT KMTT KMTT KMTT O&M Fund Operation Operation be minimized Management Manageme Unit nt Unit, (b) All equipment shall be maintained as specified by the manufactures and check -do- -do- -do- -do- the installations regularly and correct any imbalance in installation 3.2.3 Operational hours (a) High noise activities shall not take place after 20.00hrs until 5.00 hrs in the Entire KMTT KMTT KMTT KMTT O&M Fund Operation Operation morning Management Manageme Unit nt Unit, 3.3 Traffic and Congestion 3.3.1 Vehicle parking (a) Traffic impacts has to be monitored closely and contingency plan shall be Vehicle KMTT KMTT KMTT parking area O&M Fund Operation Operation prepared to activate in any emergency event to arrest traffic impact. of KMTT Management Manageme Unit nt Unit, 3.4 Sanitation 132 Environmental/ Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Social Issues Project phase cost Implemention Supervision 3.4.1 Collection and Disposal of Waste (a) All types of waste shall be collected in separate bins and disposed as specified Entire KMTT KMTT KMTT KMTT O&M Fund Operation Operation by the KMC. Perishable waste shall be disposed on daily basis to prevent Management Manageme smell, breeding of rodents and flies Unit nt Unit, 3.4.1 Toilets and Wastewater Management (a) Toilets shall be kept clean without smelling and becoming unhygienic, Entire KMTT KMTT KMTT KMTT O&M Fund Operation Operation disinfectants shall be applied daily Management Manageme Unit nt Unit, 4.2 Wastewater Management (a) Sewerage disposal connections to the Kandy Wastewater System shall be Entire KMTT KMTT KMTT KMTT O&M Fund Operation Operation maintained properly with routine maintenance of plumbing/pums diligently Management Manageme carried out. Unit nt Unit, (b) Industrial wastewater shall not be maintained and operated as per the design Entire KMTT KMTT KMTT KMTT O&M Fund Operation Operation and operational guidelines Management Manageme Unit nt Unit, 4.0 Maintenance of Greenery (a) Trees shall be managed properly that includes watering, fertilizing, weeding, Entire KMTT KMTT KMTT KMTT specially in O&M Fund Operation Operation pest controlling, pruning and training of trees timely. roof top Management Manageme garden area Unit nt Unit, (b) Any causality of trees shall be replaced/transplant with appropriate trees. -do- -do- -do- -do- (c) Irrigation system shall be monitored closely and maintain properly. -do- -do- -do- -do- 133 Environmental/ Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Social Issues Project phase cost Implemention Supervision 5.0 Health and Safety of the Community and the Workers (a) KMTT Operation Management Unit shall take necessary action to prevent the Entire KMTT KMTT KMTT KMTT O&M Fund Operation Operation breeding of mosquitoes within the KMTT premises. Stagnation of water in all Management Manageme areas including gutters, used and empty cans, containers, tyres, etc. shall be Unit nt Unit, prevented. (b) KMTT Operation Management Unit shall keep the Entire KMTT and -do -do -do -do- surrounding environment clean devoid of garbage to prevent the breeding of rats and other vectors such as flies. (c) KMTT Operation Management Unit shall organize safety workshops, -do -do -do -do- morning musters and safety drills to aware workers on health and safety (d) KMTT Operation Management Unit shall test the safety precautions of the -do -do -do -do- KMTT including fire system regularly, once in every six months and keep update safety systems always. (e) KMTT Operation Management Unit shall maintain the first aid room/first aid -do -do -do -do- box with required medicine and other supplements which are need to use in accident. (f) Periodical third-party inspections and audits for safety arrangements and -do- -do- -do- -do- status of machinery shall be carried out in consultation with district factory engineer. 134 Environmental/ Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Social Issues Project phase cost Implemention Supervision (g) The KMTT will implement a system of notification of accidents and incidents, -do- -do- -do- -do- including GBV, injuries likely to have, a significant adverse effect on the environment, the affected communities, the public or workers. It will have a system of reporting with sufficient detail regarding the incident or accident, indicating immediate measures taken or that are planned to be taken to address it, and any information provided by sub-contractors and supervising entity, as appropriate. 5.0 General Environmental Management 5.1 Compliance Monitoring (a) Should have valid EPL all the time and shall meet all the requirement to that Entire KMTT KMTT KMTT KMTT Funds Operation Operation is required by the ESMP Management Manageme (b) Any changes or modification in the KMTT design or functions, it is required -do- -do- Unit -do- nt Unit, -do- to inform all licencing authorities and get their recommendations and approvals. (c) It is need to monitor the environmental parameters (wastewater, Noise & -do- -do- -do- -do- Vibration) regular and check with CEA standards. If test results are high than the threshold levels, KMC is react quickly to take necessary actions to apply relevant modifications and bring back the environmental parameters into the permissible level/range. 5.2 Effect Monitoring 135 Environmental/ Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Social Issues Project phase cost Implemention Supervision (a) Air Quality Monitoring KMTT O&M Fund KMTT KMTT premises and of KMTT Operation Operation surrounding Management Manageme CEA shall establish a mobile air quality monitoring unit within the KMTT Unit nt Unit and premises to monitor air quality periodically CEA Monitoring Frequency: Regular monitoring shall be done once in every three months and when a complaint is received and when the complaint is considered as important to order air quality measurement Monitoring Standard: Air quality standards published by the CEA (b) Noise Monitoring -do- -do- -do- -do- Monitoring Points: Boundary of where complain is raised and within the KMTT premises Monitoring Frequency: If a complaint is received Monitoring Standard: Existing noise standard issued by the CEA 136 Environmental/ Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Social Issues Project phase cost Implemention Supervision (c) Water Quality Monitoring -do- -do- -do- -do- Monitoring Points: • Upstream and Downstream of the Medaela • Rainwater harvesting tank Monitoring Frequency: Once in every six months Monitoring Standard: Water Quality Standards for discharge inland waterbody issued by the CEA 6.0 Social Issues (a) KMTT Operation Management Unit shall conduct a social assessment at the Entire KMTT KMTT KMTT KMTT O&M Fund Operation Operation beginning of KMTT operations and then once in six months for three years to Management Manageme identify social impact and address any issues Unit nt Unit, (b) KMTT Operation Management Unit shall establish a GRM to attract -do- -do- -do- -do- grievances of the surrounding community and workers and a mechanism to address grievances/complains of the community and the workers. (c) KMTT Operation Management Unit shall monitor incidents and accidents, -do- -do- -do- -do- maintain records and prepare periodic reports on their safety performance. 7.0 Road safety 137 Environmental/ Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Social Issues Project phase cost Implemention Supervision KMTT Operation Management Unit shall establish a proper processes including -do- -do- -do- -do- driver training, to improve driver and vehicle safety, as well as systems for monitoring and enforcement relevant road safety meausres 8.0 Overall monitoring and reporting -do- -do- -do- -do- Monitor and report the environmental and social performance against the -do- -do- -do- ESS as relevant to the operational stage on a quarterly basis. 9.0 Stakeholder engagement plan -do- -do- -do- Executing the stakeholder engagement plan during the construction stage. -do- -do- -do- -do- 138 8. Cost of Enviornmental and Social Mitigation 8a. Contractor’s Cost of Enviornmental and Social Mitigation Cost Item Unit Quantity Rate Estimated Amount (LKR) 1 Recruitment of Health and Safety specialist PS 36 man months 18,000,000 (@ Rs 500,000 a month) 2 Recruitment of SHES Officer PS 36man Months 9,000,000 (@ Rs 250,000 a month) 3 Preparation of the C-ESMP and its sub-plans The cost associated with this item will be mostly the professional time of the H&S Specialist and the SHES Officer 4 Setting up and maintaining the Information Centre Item 20,000,000 and implementing measures to disclose information 5 Obtaining Approvals such as night-time works, CEA PS 500,000.00 clearances, etc (if required) 6 Site access closure – delineating fence Item 10,000,000 7 Training of labour amd provision of PPEs PS 20,000,000 8 Implementation of site level safety measures as PS 100,000,000 specified in the H&S Plan 9 Traffic safety assessment and implementation of PS 15,000,000 traffic management plan 10 Disposal of non-hhazardous and hazardous waste (if PS 75,000,000 any) and mianting site to acceptable levels of hygiene 11 Containment of possible spills and clean up PS 10,000,000 12 Provision of an onsite drainage system, soil erosion PS 50,000,000 control measures 139 13 Erection of dust and noise barriers around the Item 10,000,000 construction site. 14 Implementation of other dust/noise control measures PS 15,000,000 15 Preparation/maintenance of disposal yards and Item 15,000,000 maintaining acceptable levels of hygiene within the construction site (including vector bourne diseases) 16 Maintaining acceptable levels of hygiene in labour PS 5,000,000 camps (setting up of labour camps and provision of facilities is considered incidental to civil works cost) 17 Noise, vibration and air quality monitoring PS 25,000,000 18 Comepensation for any construction related damage 100,000,000 to surrounding communities and civic facilities (mainly from vibration and accidental damage) 19 Management and restoration of offsite facilities such PS 15,000,000 as burrow/quarry/plant sites (if any) 20 Site closure and rehabilitation PS 15,000,000 21 Ccontingencies and emergencies PS 50,000,000 Total 577,500,000 Other than above mentioned line items of cost of mitigation related to environment safeguards, all the other line items relevant to general environmental, social, health and safety requirements are as part of the contractors costs and /or are included in the Engineering Bill of Quantities. 140 8b. PMU’s Cost of Enviornmental and Social Mitigation Cost Item Unit Quantity Rate Estimated Amount (LKR) 1 Recruitment of Senior Safety, Environmnetal and PS 36 man months 7,200,000 Health specialist (@ Rs 200,000 a month) 2 Recruitment of Senior Social Officer PS 36man Months 7,200,000 (@ Rs 200,000 a month) 3 Hiring of specialist consultant firm to carry out GHG PS 10,000,000 emission study for the KMTT as per ESS3 covering (i) emissions during the construction phase and mitigation plan and (ii) anticipated improvements in GHG emissions from the operationalization of the KMTT. 4 Implemention and operationalization of the GRM PS 5,000,000 5 Implemenation of the SEP PS 7,500,000 6 Overhead costs associated with environment and PS 15,000,000 social monitoing (other than professional time) 7 Contingencies PS 10,000,000 Total 60,900,000 The following TOR is part of the ESMP and should go into the tender document. Terms of Reference for a Health & Safety Specialist (Contractor) The Health & Safety (H & S) Specialist will have the following scope of work. The Specialist will 141 1. Will develop an implementation H & S plan in line with the ESMP, the Bank’s ESF requirements and H & S compliance requirem ents. 2. Will establish and maintain H & S management arrangements in line with the H & S plan. 3. Will conduct the day-to-day activities in administering the safety aspects of the H & S plan that includes the following: • Build safety awareness among all the contractor employees and sub-contractor. • Arrange to provide personal protective equipment (PPE) such as hand gloves, safety shoes, safety goggles, hard safety helmets, ear plugs and ear muffs to all the contractor employees and sub-contractor as needed. • Identify construction-related safety hazards on an ongoing basis. • Conduct risk assessments in relation to these hazards as required • Develop specific safety management procedures in order to address these risks. For instance, the handling of asbestos roofing sheets should be carried out taking adequate specific precautions. • Train the relevant workers on special safety arrangements that are requited in particular situations. • Conduct and arrange to conduct periodic (daily) tool box talks in order to heighten the awareness on construction-related safety hazards. • Sign-off on safety procedures as required by the H & S plan as and when request. • Ensure that chemicals are stored only in assigned areas, sign boards are in place and labelling is done. Make available the MSDS as required. • Adopt and maintain safe working practices with the use / display of appropriate signage in local language at the construction sites. • Ensure that the fire protection systems are in place where required and these are properly inspected and maintained. • Establish and maintain an incident reporting system so that preventive and corrective actions are regularly undertaken. • Monitor safety parameters on an ongoing basis • Conduct internal safety audits to identify areas for improvement, take corrective and preventive actions to address the non-conformities. • Ensure the safety aspects of equipment maintenance is adequately covered. • Arrange to conduct periodic third-party safety audits with a view improve safety performance. • Report on the safety performance on a periodic basis (monthly with the PMC and quarterly for the Client) • Report on compliance on safety aspects as per the legal requirements. 4. Will conduct the day-to-day activities in administering the occupational health aspects of the H & S plan that includes the following: • Conduct a basic medical check-up for all workers and personnel on site. 142 • Ensure that only medically fit and competent persons are doing the various tasks assigned. • Conduct periodical medical checkups for all the contractor staff and sub-contractors as required. • Make available basic first aid kit with an adequate supply of sterilised dressing materials on site. • Ensure access to the ambulance services to the nearest hospital in the case of emergency. • Ensure availability of good quality drinking water at all site locations. • Verify that proper hygiene and sanitation is maintained at all site locations. • Monitor the occupational health status of the contractor employees and other workers engaged through sub-contractors. • Report on compliance on safety aspects as per the legal requirements. 5. Will oversee all aspects on H & S management on an ongoing basis, and report to the Contractor’s Team Leader. 9. Conclusion on Impact Assessment Summary of environmental effects: The following section summarizes the most important potential environmental and social impacts related to the proposed KMTT as per the key project components defined in the project brief document and the list of works identified during the detail design carried out by the design consultants. The details of the mitigation and monitoring requirements are described in the Environmental and social Management Plan (ESMP) given in the Section B of this document. Significance of environmental effect with mitigation in place Key project activities Potential Environmental and social impacts N/S - Effect not significant, or can be rendered insignificant with mitigation SP - Significant positive effect SN - Significant negative effect 143 U - Outcome unknown or cannot be predicted, even with mitigation Siting of If construction camps, labor camps, stock yards, vehicle refueling areas etc. are SN Construction Camps located near sensitive areas such as wetlands, conservation zones and places of scenic beauty or recreational value, or any waterbody, those areas may be adversely affected. Such impacts to the natural environment are unlikely, as labour camps would be located within the city/suburbs or within the project site itself. Either way the camps will be close to establishments and resdiences (an estimated labor strength of 200) and as such a certain level of risks pertaining to social conflicts, spread of diseases etc can be envidaged. However, given Kandy is such a busy tourist city with a large migratory population who enter the city for numerous purposes and numerous ongoing construction sites, the risk posed by 200 labourers (most of whom would be from Kandy itself) is not considered very significant. Gender based Violence – given reasons above, this risk posed by the project is NS not assessed to be significantly adverse. Planning of Construction material and excavated soil and debris transportation may cause SN temporary traffic temporary disruption to road traffic. arrangements Transportation is highly encouraged during off-peak hours. Construction Project activities could potentially pose signficnat occupational health and safety SN Activities and community health and safety risks. The project would involve heavy contruction work and risky operatons such as working at heights and deep 144 excavations, use of heavy and hazardous equipment, frequent movement of heavy consruction vehicles, piling, structural damage from vibrations etc. These impacts can be very much mitigated with the implementation of a comprehensive H&S plan. High noise and vibration levels are likely from equipment and machinery. SN Impacts are temporary in nature. Pollution of Meda Ela is likely unless strict controls for stormwater management, SN soil erosion control and waste management on site are not implemented as planned. Stockpiling of excavated material mainly during Meda ela construction may N/S block surface drainage paths causing localized flooding during construction Solid and Hazardous period. This is not expected to be of serious nature as the diversion path is Waste Management expected to be contructed with minimum disturbance to flow. If not properly stored and adequately covered washout of fine material may contribute to further deterioration of surface water quality in the downstream of Meda Ela and may increase risk of siltation and blockage of structures. If not properly disposed the excavated material will pollute water sources at location where it is disposed. Slurry management Significant quantity of Slurry will be generated during the piling operation and SN due to piling action management of the same without direct disposal to the Meda Ela is required. Best engineering solution shall be implemented to manage the slurry avoiding blocking of drainage paths and site management. Slurry contains Bentonite which is categorized as hazardous waste and the final safe disposal is required ensuring no land and groundwater contamination. 145 Transportation and Transportation of material and equipment will cause dust, noise and vehicle S/N storage of emissions along the canal. Storage of construction material will lead to access construction issues. Since free space at the site is minimal, a suitable material storage yard materials will have to be hired by the contractor. Depending on the space availability this yard will have to be hired at a location close to the site.. Material transportation time will have to be controlled and managed as per the traffic management Plan. Kandy being a highly busiest cities the cont ractor’s vehicle management is very vital avoiding unnecessary traffic issues. Movement of Vehicles, Machineries and equipment’s cause air and noise pollution which could SN vehicles, equipment be a nuisance in populated areas. Proper site covering is very essential. Sufficient and machineries allocation of human resources is needed with standard safety management practices. Heavy duty machines and equipment will be deployed for the construction. Refurbishment of Environmental issues due to construction and operation of retail petroleum filling N/S existing fuel filling station primarily includes; leaks and spills, wastewater generation, waste point management and emissions to air. They will be managed under specific guidleline issued by the Ceylon Petroleum Corporation. 146 10. ESMP Implementation responsibilities and Costs The overall responsibility of ensuring compliance with safeguard requirements lie with the PMU/KMTT supported by the Supervision Consultant while the contractor will be responsible for implementing the provisions of the C-ESMP and all the sub-plans specified in this ESMP as required to be prepared by the contractor. It is a mandatory requirement and the responsibility of all the contractors employed at the pre-construction, construction and operation stages of KMTT project to adhere to the stipulated actions to meet the Environmental and Social Standards (ESSs) of the World Bank. The Contractor is responsible for deploying the competent staff and an operational ESMP shall be prepared and submitted for the approval of the Client. In addition, the PMU will be directly responsible for reviewing the proposed design to ensure the green building considerations are integrated with the designs appropriately and all design related mitigation measures mentioned herein are also incorporated. The overall supervision will be carried out by the Supervision Consultant hired by the SCDP and the Social and Environmental safeguard team of SCDP as indicated in the Resettlement Action Plan will be available for facilitation on monitoring of the safeguard compliances. Environmental monitoring will be carried out largely through visual observations and compliance monitoring using the Environmental Monitoring Data Sheet provided by the PMU. The Environmental Officer of the contractual party is expected to carry out field visit daily basis and shall report the issues and performance on ESMP implementation to the Consultant. Site specific method statement for ESMP implementation is required considering the practical ground situation ensuring effective mitigation of environmental impacts during the pre- construction, construction and operation stages of KMTT. 11. ESIA recommendation The KMTT project is subject to rehabilitation of canal structures and construction of new KMTT building. As per the proposed activities under the project the potential environmental impacts can be classified as general construction related impacts and can be mitigated on site with known technology. The environmental and social management plans prepared for the 147 construction of Meda Ela (Annex 9) and construction of KMTT building provided with this report would be sufficient to mitigate the identified impacts. The project will not influence significantly on the natural surroundings of the locality. Considering the physical characteristics of the area and the proposed interventions, most of the environmental impacts described in the ESMP caused by project activities are not expected to have any significant or irreversible impacts and are related to dust/noise generation, siltation, safety hazards, traffic congestion and other general impacts which can be mitigated with good construction, site management and public safety practices. The areas affected during construction work are mainly confined to the KMTT construction site. Material storage, transportation, establishment of labour camps, safe machinery handling are challenges in this project since the site is at the heart of the city and the construction will have to carry out while the city functions are live. Therefore, the public safety should be given the first priority while deploying the sufficient labour force and efficient machineries. During the construction period public entering to the site has to be restricted. Instruction boards have to be displayed for public awareness and the directions has to be displayed facilitating the community. Dust barriers covering the entire site is necessary to be fixed starting from the ground preparation to the completion of the project. Drainage paths should be placed ensuring proper storm water diversion to the existing main drainage path. Silt traps will have to be established avoiding siltation in the main drain and the road side drains. As such a sufficient cost allocation by the contractor for implementation ESMP is highly recommended. Continues Monitoring of impacts is very much essential enabling to initiate corrective actions in time avoiding unnecessary environmental consequences during construction and operation stages of KMTT. Since the Kandy city has been declared as a highly fragile zone, the approval of the NBRO has to be obtained prior to awarding the contract. Consent of the planning committee is required prior to commence the construction work. . 148 12. Details of Persons Responsible for reviewing the ESIA from PMU Report reviewed by Date 05.11.2019 Ajith U K Ethugala Assistant Project Director (Envt) ehtugalascdp@gmail.com Name/Designation/Contact information Signature Report recommended by Date 05.11.2019 Gangadari Ranawaka Deputy Project Director (Envt) gangadariscdp@gmail.com Signature Name/Designation/Contact information 149 Annex Annex 01: Location Map of KMTT 150 Annex 02: Detaild Site Plan of KMTT foot print with existing buildings 151 Annex 03: Existing Land use around KMTT 152 Annex 04: Survey map of KMTT area 153 Annex 05: Site boundaries and buildings to be demeolished for proposed KMTT area 154 155 Annex 06: Borehole Locations of KMTT & Geotechnical Investigation Reports 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 Annex 07: Design Drawings with details for Main KMTT Building 7.1 Ground Floor 164 165 7.2 First Floor 166 167 7.3 Second Floor 168 169 7.4 Roof Top 170 7.5 Roof Terrece 171 172 173 7.6 Underpass Level 174 Annex 08: Design drawing of general arrangements of pile and pile caps. 175 176 Annex 09: Meda Ela diversion layout 177 Annex 10: Land Hazards Map 178 Annex 11: Summary of Procedure to Obtain Mining License for Borrow Pit Operation 1. Identify the site and verify ownership (land clearing) 2. Obtain letters of consent from the owners (Private / Government) 3. Contractor applies for site clearance from CEA 4. CEA may request an lEE or EIA to be carried out by the contractor 5. CEA gives clearance. 6. Contractor applies for Mining License (IML/A, IML/B or IML/C) from GSMB. 7. GMSB conducts joint inspection with a committee comprising with CEA, DS, and PS. 8. Contractor has to make bank guarantee specified by the GSMB based on the situation of the land, prior to issuing Mining License. 9. Contractor applies for Trade License from PS. 179 Annex 12: Summary of Procedure to Obtain Mining License for Quarry Operation 1. Identify the site and verify ownership (land clearing) 2. Obtain letters of consent from the owners (Private/ Government) 3. Contractor applies for site clearance from CEA 4. CEA may request an lEE or EIA to be carried out by the contractor 5. CEA gives clearance 6. Contractor applies for Mining License (IML/A, IML/B or IML/C) from GSMB. 7. GMSB conducts joint inspection with a committee comprising with CEA, DS, and PS who would decide whether the test blast is needed for IML-A and IML-B which depends on the sensitivity of the site. Test blast will be carried out prior to issuing Mining License 8. Contractor applies for EPL from CEA 9. EPL is issued by CEA 10. GSMB monitors noise and vibrations annually and renews license 11. Contractor applies for explosive license from the Ministry of Defense 12. Contractor applies for Trade license/ Approval from PS 180 Annex 13: Waste Management General Guidelines 1. General requirements Priorities must be given for promoting source separation and sorted waste collection. In the waste management plan priorities must be given on waste recycling and resource recovery and to reduce the amount of final disposal The existing recommended colour code must be used for waste collecting bins and garbage bags. When handling biodegradable waste and waste not containing any toxic contaminants priorities must be given for biological processing such as composting, anaerobic digestion or any other appropriate biological processing for stabilization of waste. Land filling shall be encouraged to non-biodegradable, inert waste and other waste that are not suitable either for recycling or for biological processing. Labour Ordinance, Factory Ordinance, other relevant regulations and guidelines stipulated by the Central Environmental Authority (CEA) approval procedures and relevant Local Authority approval procedures shall be followed. All designs shall comply with the requirements of relevant agencies. Operator should take adequate mitigatory measures to minimize possible pollution of air, water and soil. Adequate training should be given to workers involved in solid waste management operations and operator should endeavor to involve trained workers as far as possible. Any person wishing to operate a solid waste disposal (including transfer station, materials recovery, incineration, composting etc.) shall provide to the CEA the following information and any further information as may be requested by the CEA for approval procedure. A topographic map showing the location and boundaries of the proposed site and land use within one Kilometer radius of the proposed site A clear lay out plan with appropriate scale showing full details of the proposed locations for different activities. The capacity of the facility, all machineries and equipment to be used in the facility, operating hours, number of working days, number of workers for each activity. The details of the operation flow diagram for the proposed facility, origin, composition, and expected weight or volume of solid waste to be accepted as well as the projected waste quantity expected in future years. 2. Legal requirement If any of the solid waste management facilities mentioned hereinafter meets the requirement of the Gazette (Extra Ordinary) No. 772/22 of 24th June 1993 and the subsequent amendments, 181 then it shall follow the Environmental Impact Assessment Process in order to obtain the environmental clearance. The noise levels shall be maintained at the boundaries of the site as stipulated in the Gazette (Extra Ordinary) No. 924/12 dated 23rd May 1996. Effluents or leachate quality should be monitored and treated to conform to the standards /tolerance limits as mentioned in the CEA guidelines. Prior approval for the building plan needs to be obtained from the relevant Local Authority An environmental recommendation prior to initiate any activity and a permit for construction and operation of the facility shall be obtained from the CEA 3. Operational requirement Authorized officer shall be on duty during operating and non-operating hours at the waste reception point to control unauthorized access. (This is not applicable in the case of Waste Collection System) Any infectious waste or hazardous waste should not be accepted into the facility. A proper screening procedure or mechanism shall be established for preventing the solid waste from the infectious waste or hazardous waste that may be mixed. Litter, insects, odour and vectors shall be controlled to prevent sanitary nuisance and unsightly appearance. Adequate fire protection shall be installed and available at all times. A contingency plan to cover the machine / vehicle breakdown or any operation interruptions and delay. Attention should be given to collect and transport obnoxious waste separately as much as possible 4. Waste collection 4.1 Introduction Waste collection is the act of picking up wastes at homes, businesses, institutions, commercial and industrial plants and other locations; loading them into a collection vehicle and hauling them to a facility for further processing or transfer to a disposal site. Collection of wastes is the one of the basic elements of any waste management system. Collection of unseparated (commingled) and separated solid waste in an urban area is difficult and complex because the generation of wastes takes place in every house, every apartment building and commercial and individual facility as well as in the streets, parks, and even vacant areas. Therefore in any waste collection operation it is important to look into; types of waste 182 collection services/systems, type of equipment to be used and associated labour requirements, collection routes etc. Any person wishing to operate a waste collection system shall have the following information given under general requirements below. 4.2 General Requirements The waste collection areas and transport routes, the number and type of the collection vehicles to be used, frequency of waste collection and the schedule for collection and transport. 4.3 Design Requirements Specifications of all machineries, equipment and vehicles to be used in the facility. Type, numbers, capacities shall be detailed. Collection vehicles shall be fully covered and leachate collection box shall also be prepared to prevent littering and leachate spill during transportation. 4.4 Operational Requirements Heavily travelled roads should not be served or used during rush hours. Any infectious waste or hazardous waste should not be accepted into the normal waste collection vehicles. Daily records of the quantity of solid waste collected, the origin of waste, the quantity of solid waste transferred to disposal site, shall be maintained. The Proposed Colour Codes for Garbage Bags Green Colour - Organic Waste Blue Colour - Paper Red Colour - Glass Bottles Brown Colour - Metals / Coconut shells Orange Colour - Plastic & Polythene 183 Best Practice Trade Contractor Waste Materials use/Recycling/Rec use/Recycling/Rec Waste Type Minimizations Disposal Off-site On site Waste overy overy Re- Re- Concrete Construction Retention of concrete Use as secondary Segregate for re- Landfill and onsite where possible. aggregate on site. processing and cover Only order what is reuse as recycled required. secondary Inert aggregate. Rubble Construction Only order what is Opportunities to Segregate for Landfill and (hardcore) required. reuse cut material reprocessing and cover as fill in proposed reuse as recycled noise bund secondary aggregate. Soil/Green Construction Opportunities to Landfill and waste/vegetation reuse cut material cover as fill in proposed noise bund Mixed waste Construction Use of standard sizes. N/A Segregate for Landfill/ Arrange take back of reprocessing and Incineration unused materials with the reuse as recycled supplier. secondary aggregate. Metal Construction Made to measure, correct Segregate for Landfill ordering just in time reprocessing and delivery store correctly. reuse as recycled Arrange take back of secondary unused materials with the aggregate. supplier. Timber Construction Avoid over ordering. Re-use/Recycle if Landfill/ Provision of suitable feasible Incineration storage to avoid damage. Arrange take back of unused materials with the supplier. Plasterboard Construction Avoid over ordering. Cannot reuse Recycle if feasible Landfill Non-hazardous Provision of suitable storage to avoid damage. Arrange take back of unused materials with the supplier. Packaging Construction Ask suppliers to send N/A Segregate for Landfill/ products with minimal reprocessing and Incineration packaging/ reusable reuse as recycled containers, buy bulk not secondary individually wrapped aggregate. products. Return pallet to supplier or use plastic pallets. Cabal & wiring Construction Avoid over ordering. Reuse onsite if Segregate and Landfill Arrange take back of appropriate recycle to reclaim unused materials with the plastics and metal. supplier. General office Site Print double sided and Reuse paper, Segregate and Landfill waste Management send documents cartridges, plastic recycle white electronically, reusable cups, tins and papers. Send for crockery and cutlery. cardboards. composting (food waste only) Glass Construction Avoid over ordering, N/A Segregate and Landfill and appropriate storage to send for recycling cover avoid accidents. Arrange take back of unused materials with the supplier. 184 WEEE Construction Arrange take back of Reuse elsewhere Send to dedicated Landfill unused materials with the onsite recycling facility supplier. for recovery and recycling. Asbestos Construction N/A/ N/A N/A Landfill Contaminated Construction Avoid excavation where Consider onsite Treatment Landfill Land unnecessary treatment methods contaminated land hubs. Paintings, line Construction Use solvent free paits that Use lockable N/A Landfill markers, mastic are not disposed of as COSHH container hazardous waste, for storage Hazardous maximum use of mechanical fitting rather than adhesives. Arrange take back of unused materials with the supplier. WEEE Construction N/A Re-use elsewhere Send to dedicated Landfill on-site recycling facility for recovery and recycling. 185 Annex 14: Environmental Pollution Control Standard 1. Emission Standards 1.1 Regulations The National Environmental (Ambient Air Quality) Regulations, 1994, published in Gazette Extraordinary, No. 850/4 of December, 1994 are hereby amended by the substitution for the Schedule to that regulation of the following :- Emission Emission Pollutant Time Average Standards (µg/ Standards (ppm) m3) 1 hr 200 0.08 SO2 8 hrs 120 0.05 24 hrs 80 0.03 1 hr 250 0.13 NO2 8 hrs 150 0.08 24 hrs 100 0.05 1 hr 30000 26.00 CO 8 hrs 10000 9.00 anytime 58000 50.0 O3 1 hr 200 0.10 24 hrs 100 - PM10 Annual 50 - 24 hrs 50 - PM2.5 Annual 25 - * Minimum number of observations required to determine the average over the specified period — 03 hour average - 03 consecutive hourly average 08 hour average - 08 hourly average 24 hour average - 18 hourly average Yearly average - 09 monthly average with at least 02 monthly average each quarter. + By using Chemicals or Automatic Analyzers. 186 FIRST SCHEDULE A: Petrol Vehicles:- Emission standards ( Effective From April 1, 2008 ) Type of Vehicles Remarks Carbon Monoxide Hydrocarban CO (% v/v ) HC (ppm v/v) 1. Petrol Vehicles other than motor cycles 4.5 1200 and motor Both idling and tricycles 2500 RPM/ No 2. Petrol Motor load cycles and 6 9000 motor tricycles Abbreviations: % v/v - percent by volume ppm v/v - parts per million by volume RPM - revolutions per minute B: Diesel Vehicles:- Emission Standards (Effective from April 1, 2008) Type of Vehicles Smoke Opacity on Snap Acceleration k factor ( m.1) Diesel Vehicles 8.0 Abbreviations: k factor - Absorption co-efficient Snap acceleration - has the same meaning as defined in SAE RECOMMWNDED PRACTICEJ 1667 187 2. Noise Level Regulations Area LAeq' T - Day Time LAeq' T- Night Time Schedule I Low Noise 55 45 Medium Noise 63 50 High Noise 70 60 Silent Zone 50 45 Schedule III For Construction Activities 75 50 Schedule IV Rural Residential 55 45 Urban Residential 60 50 Noise Sensitive 50 45 Mix residential 63 55 Commercial 65 55 Industrial 70 60 ILO Standards of Noise Levels Noise level Maximum exposure (dB(A)) (times per day) 80 16 hours 85 8 hours 90 4 hours 95 2 hours 100 1 hour 105 1/2 hours 110 1/4 hours 115 1/8 hours “day time” from 06.00 hours to 18.00 hrs,: “night time” means from 18.00 to 06.00 hours “Noise sensitive area” includes any area in which a courthouse, hospital, public library, school, zoo sacred area and areas set a part for recreation or environmental purposes are depicted in a noise zone map; 188 3. Interim Vibration Standards Interim standards for Vibration Control Table 2.1: Interim Standards vibration of the Operation of Machinery, Construction Activities and Vehicle Movements Traffic Category of the Frequency of Vibration in PPV structure as given in Type of Vibration Vibration (Hz) (mm/Sec.) Table 1.1 0 – 10 5.0 Continuous 10 – 50 7.5 Over 50 15.0 Type 1 0 – 10 10.0 Intermittent 10 – 50 15.0 Over 50 30.0 0 – 10 2.0 Continuous 10 – 50 4.0 Over 50 8.0 Type 2 0 – 10 4.0 Intermittent 10 – 50 8.0 Over 50 16.0 0 – 10 1.0 Continuous 10 – 50 2.0 Over 50 4.0 Type 3 0 – 10 2.0 Intermittent 10 – 50 4.0 Over 50 8.0 0 – 10 0.25 Continuous 10 – 50 0.5 Over 50 1.0 Type 4 0 – 10 0.5 Intermittent 10 – 50 1.0 Over 50 2.0 Notes 1. Please see separate measurement methods 2. The values given above are in such a way that minor damage is unlikely as the nearby house/buking 189 Table 2.2: Interim Standards on Air Blast Over Pressure and Ground Vibration for Blasting Activities Category of the Ground structure as Type of Air blast over Type of Blasting Vibration in given in Table Vibration Pressure (dB (L) PPV (mm/sec.) 1.1 Single bore hole 8.0 105 Type 1 Impulsive Multi bore hole with delay 10.0 115 detonators Single bore hole 6.0 105 Type 2 Impulsive Multi bore hole with delay 7.0 11.5 detonators Single bore hole 4.0 115 Type 3 Impulsive Multi bore hole with delay 5.0 120 detonators Single bore hole 0.5 95 Type 4 Impulsive Multi bore hole with delay 0.75 100 detonators Note 1. Please see separate measurement methods 2. The values given above are in such a way that minor damage is unlikely as the nearby house/buking 190 4. Wastewater Discharge Standards 4.1 GENERAL STANDARDS FOR DISCHARGE OF EFFLUENTS INTO INLAND SURFACE WATERS No Determinant Tolerance limit 1 Total suspended solids, mg/l, max 50 Shall pass sieve of aperture 2 Particle size of total suspended solids size 850 micro m. 3 P11 value of ambient temperature 6.0 to 8.5 Biochemical Oxygen Demand-BOD5 in 5 days At 20 o 4 30 C, mg/I max Shall not exceed 40 o C in 5 Temperature of Discharge any of Section of the Stream form the effluent outlet. 6 Oils and greases, mg/ I max 10.0 7 Phenolic Compounds (as phenolic OH)mg/I, max 1.0 8 Cyanides as (CN) mg/I, max 0.2 9 Sulfides, mg/I, max 2.0 10 Fluorides, mg/I, max 2.0 11 Total residual chlorine mg/I, max 1.0 12 Arsenic, mg/I, max 0.2 13 Cadmium total, mg/I, max 0.1 14 Chromium total, mg/I, max 0.1 15 Copper total, mg/I, max 3.0 16 Lead, total, mg/I, max 0.1 17 Mercury total, mg/I, max 0.0005 18 Nickel total, mg/I, max 3.0 19 Selenium total, mg/I, max 0.5 20 Zinc total, mg/I, max 5.0 21 Ammoniacal nitrogen, mg/I, max 50.0 22 Pesticides Undetectable 23 (a) Alpha-emitters micro curie/ml 10 -7 (b) Beta-emitters micro curie/ml 10 -8 25 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), mg/I, max 250 Note 1 : All efforts should be made to remove colour and unpleasant odour as far as practicable. Note 2 : These values are based on dilution of effluents by at least 8 volumes of clean receiving water. If the dilution is below 8 times, the permissible limits are multiplied by 1/8 of the actual dilution. Note 3: The above mentioned General Standards shall cease to apply with regard to a particular industry when industry specific standards are notified for that industry. 191 4.2 DISCHARGED ON LAND FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSE No Determinant Tolerance Limit 1 Total dissolved solid, mg/I, max 2100 2 PH value at ambient temperature 5.5 to 9.0 Biochemical Oxygen demand (BOD5) in 5 days at 20 o 3 250 C, mg/I, max 4 Oils and grease, mg/I, max 10 5 Chloride (as CI), mg/I, max 600 6 Sulfate (as So4 ) mg/I, max 1000 7 Boron (as B) mg/I, max 2.0 8 Arsenic (as As), mg/I, max 0.2 9 Cadmium as (as Cd) mg/I, max 2.0 10 Chromium (as Cr ) mg/I, max 1.0 11 Lead (as Pb), mg/I, max 1.0 12 Mercury (as Hg) mg/I, max 0.01 13 Sodium adsorption ratio: (SAR) 10 to 15 14 Residual Sodium Carbonate, mol/I, max 2.5 15 Radioactive material: (a) Alpha emitters, micro curie/ml 10-9 (b) Beta emitters, micro curie/ml 10-8 192 Annex 15: IFC Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines WB ESH Guidelines The World Bank Groups Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industry specific examples of Good International Industry Practice (GIIP). EHS Guidelines are applied as required by their respective policies and standards. These industry sector EHS guidelines are designed to be used together with the General EHS Guidelines document, which provides guidance to users on common EHS issues potentially applicable to all industry sectors. The EHS Guidelines contain the performance levels and measures that are generally considered to be achievable in new facilities by existing technology at reasonable costs. Application of the EHS Guidelines to existing facilities may involve the establishment of site-specific targets, with an appropriate timetable for achieving them. The applicability of the EHS Guidelines should be tailored to the hazards and risks established for each project on the basis of the results of an environmental assessment in which site-specific variables, such as host country context, assimilative capacity of the Defined as the exercise of professional skill, diligence, prudence and foresight that would be reasonably expected from skilled and experienced professionals engaged in the same type of undertaking under the same or similar circumstances globally. The circumstances that skilled and experienced professionals may find when evaluating the range of pollution prevention and control techniques available to a project may include, but are not limited to, varying levels of environmental degradation and environmental assimilative capacity as well as varying levels of financial and technical feasibility. Environment, and other project factors, are taken into account. The applicability of specific technical recommendations should be based on the professional opinion of qualified and experienced persons. When host country regulations differ from the levels and measures presented in the EHS Guidelines, projects are expected to achieve whichever is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures than those provided in these EHS Guidelines are appropriate, in view of specific project circumstances, a full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives is needed as part of the site-specific environmental assessment. This justification should demonstrate that the choice for any alternate performance levels is protective of human health and the environment. The World Bank Group General EHS Guidelines contain information on cross-cutting environmental, health, and safety issues potentially applicable to all industry sector and can be downloaded via the following link. • https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/s ustainability-at-ifc/policies-standards/ehs-guidelines 193 15.1 General EHS Guidelines: Occupational Health and Safety 2.0 Occupational Health and Safety Applicability and Approach Employers and supervisors are obliged to implement all reasonable precautions to protect the health and safety of workers. This section provides guidance and examples of reasonable precautions to implement in managing principal risks to occupational health and safety. Although the focus is placed on the operational phase of projects, much of the guidance also applies to construction and decommissioning activities. Companies should hire contractors that have the technical capability to manage the occupational health and safety issues of their employees, extending the application of the hazard management activities through formal procurement agreements. Preventive and protective measures should be introduced according to the following order of priority: • Eliminating the hazard by removing the activity from the work process. Examples include substitution with less hazardous chemicals, using different manufacturing processes etc; • Controlling the hazard at its source through use of engineering controls. Examples include local exhaust ventilation, isolation rooms, machine guarding, acoustic insulating etc; • Minimizing the hazard through design of safe work systems and administrative or institutional control measures. Examples include job rotation, training safe work procedures, lock-out and tag-out, workplace monitoring, limiting exposure or work duration etc; and • Providing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) in conjunction with training, use, and maintenance of the PPE. The application of prevention and control measures to occupational hazards should be based on comprehensive job safety or job hazard analyses. The results of these analyses should be prioritized as part of an action plan based on the likelihood and severity of the consequence of exposure to the identified hazards. An example of a qualitative risk ranking or analysis matrix to help identify priorities is described in Table 2.1.1. Table 2.1.1 Risk Ranking Table to Classify Worker Scenarios on Likelihood and Consequence Consequences Likelihood Insignificant 1 Minor 2 Moderate 3 Major 4 Catastrophic 5 A. Almost Certain L M E E E B Likely L M H E E C Moderate L M H E E D Unlikely L L M H E E Rare L L M H H Legend: E: extreme risk; immediate action required H: high risk; senior management attention needed M: moderate risk; management responsibility should be specified 2.1 General Facility Design and Operation 194 Integrity of Workplace Structures Permanent and recurrent places of work should be designed and equipped to protect OHS: • Surfaces, structures and installations should be easy to clean and maintain and not allow for accumulation of hazardous compounds. • Buildings should be structurally safe, provide appropriate protection against the climate and have acceptable light and noise conditions. • Fire resistant, noise-absorbing materials should, to the extent feasible, be used for cladding on ceilings and walls. • Floors should be level, even and non-skid. Heavy oscillating, rotating or alternating equipment should be located in dedicated buildings or structurally isolated sections. Severe Weather and Facility Shutdown • Work place structures should be designed and constructed to withstand the expected elements for the region and have an area designated for safe refuge, if appropriate. • Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) should be developed for project or process shut- down, including an evacuation plan. Drills to practice the procedure and plan should also be undertaken annually. Workspace and Exit • The space provided for each worker, and in total, should be adequate for safe execution of all activities, including transport and interim storage of materials and products. • Passages to emergency exits should be unobstructed at all times. Exits should be clearly marked to be visible in total darkness. The number and capacity of emergency exits should be sufficient for safe and orderly evacuation of the greatest number of people present at any time and there should be a minimum two exits from any work area. • Facilities also should be designed and built taking into account the needs of disabled persons. Fire Precautions The workplace should be designed to prevent the start of fires through the implementation of fire codes applicable to industrial settings. Other essential measures include: • Equipping facilities with fire detectors, alarm systems and fire-fighting equipment. The equipment should be maintained in good working order and be readily accessible. It should be adequate for the dimensions and use of the premises, equipment installed, physical and chemical properties of substances present and the maximum number of people present. • Provision of manual fire fighting equipment that is easily accessible and simple to use. • Fire and emergency alarm systems that are both audible and visible. The IFC Life and Fire Safety Guideline should apply to buildings accessible to the public. Lavatories and Showers • Adequate lavatory facilities (toilets and washing areas) should be provided for the number of people expected to work in the facility and allowances made for segregated facilities, or for indicating whether the toilet facility is “In Use” or “Vacant”. Toilet facilities should 195 also be provided with adequate supplies of hot and cold running water, soap and hand drying devices. • Where workers may be exposed to substances poisonous by ingestion and skin contamination may occur, facilities for showering and changing into and out of street and work clothes should be provided. Potable Water Supply • Adequate supplies of potable drinking water should be provided from a fountain with an upward jet or with a sanitary means of collecting the water for the purposes of drinking. • Water supplied to areas of food preparation or for the purpose of personal hygiene (washing or bathing) should meet drinking water quality standards. Clean Eating Area Where there is potential for exposure to substances poisonous by ingestion, suitable arrangements are to be made for provision of clean eating areas where workers are not exposed to the hazardous or noxious substances. Lighting • Workplaces should, to the degree feasible, receive natural light and be supplemented with sufficient artificial illumination to promote workers’ safety and health and enable safe equipment operation. Supplemental ‘task lighting’ may be required where specific visual acuity requirements should be met. • Emergency lighting of adequate intensity should be installed and automatically activated upon failure of the principal artificial light source to ensure safe shut-down, evacuation etc. Safe Access • Passageways for pedestrians and vehicles within and outside buildings should be segregated and provide for easy, safe and appropriate access. • Equipment and installations requiring servicing, inspection and/or cleaning should have unobstructed, unrestricted and ready access • Hand, knee and foot railings should be installed on stairs, fixed ladders, platforms, permanent and interim floor openings, loading bays, ramps etc. • Openings should be sealed by gates or removable chains • Covers should, if feasible, be installed to protect against falling items • Measures to prevent unauthorized access to dangerous areas should be in place First Aid • The employer should ensure that qualified first-aid can be provided at all times. Appropriately equipped first-aid stations should be easily accessible throughout the place of work. • Eye-wash stations and/ or emergency showers should be provided close to all workstations where immediate flushing with water is the recommended first-aid response. • Where the scale of work or the type of activity being carried out so requires, dedicated and appropriately equipped first aid room(s) should be provided. First aid stations and rooms should be equipped with gloves, gowns and masks for protection against direct contact with blood and other body fluids. 196 • Remote sites should have written emergency procedures in place for dealing with cases of trauma or serious illness up to the point at which patient care can be transferred to an appropriate medical facility. Air Supply • Sufficient fresh air should be supplied for indoor and confined work spaces. Factors to be considered in ventilation design include physical activity, substances in use and process related emissions. Air distribution systems should be designed so as not to expose workers to draughts. • Mechanical ventilation systems should be maintained in good working order. Point-source exhaust systems required for maintaining a safe ambient environment should have local indicators of correct functioning. • Re-circulation of contaminated air is not acceptable. Air inlet filters should be kept clean and free of dust and micro-organisms. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) and industrial evaporative cooling systems should be equipped, maintained and operated so as to prevent growth and spreading of disease agents (e.g. Legionnella pneumophilia) or breeding of vectors (e.g. mosquitoes and flies) of public health concern. Work Environment Temperature The temperature in work, rest room and other welfare facilities should, during service hours, be maintained at a level appropriate for the purpose of the facility. 2.2 Communication and Training OHS Training • Provisions should be made to provide OHS orientation training to all new employees to ensure they are apprised of the basic site rules of work at /on the site and of personal protection and preventing injury to fellow employees. • Training should consist of basic hazard awareness, site-specific hazards, safe work practices and emergency procedures for fire, evacuation and natural disaster, as appropriate. Any site-specific hazard or colour coding in use should be thoroughly reviewed as part of orientation training. Visitor Orientation If visitors to the site can gain access to areas where hazardous conditions or substances may be present, a visitor orientation and control program should be established to ensure visitors do not enter hazard areas unescorted. New Task Employee and Contractor Training The employer should ensure that workers and contractors, prior to commencement of new assignments, have received adequate training and information enabling them to understand work hazards and to protect their health from hazardous ambient factors that may be present. The training should adequately cover: • Knowledge of materials, equipment and tools • Known hazards in the operations and how they are controlled • Potential risks to health 197 • Precautions to prevent exposure • Hygiene requirements • Wearing and use of protective equipment and clothing • Appropriate response to operation extremes, incidents and accidents Basic OHS Training • A basic occupational training program and specialty courses should be provided, as needed, to ensure that workers are oriented to the specific hazards of individual work assignments. Training should generally be provided to management, supervisors, workers and occasional visitors to areas of risks and hazards. • Workers with rescue and first-aid duties should receive dedicated training so as not to inadvertently aggravate exposures and health hazards to themselves or their co-workers. Training would include the risks of becoming infected with blood –borne pathogens through contact with bodily fluids and tissue. • Through appropriate contract specifications and monitoring, the employer should ensure that service providers, as well as contracted and sub-contracted labour, are trained adequately before assignments begin. Area Signage • Hazardous areas (electrical rooms, compressor rooms etc.), installations, materials, safety measures and emergency exits etc. should be marked appropriately. • Signage should be in accordance with international standards and be well known to, and easily understood by workers, visitors and the general public as appropriate. Labelling of Equipment • All vessels that may contain substances that are hazardous as a result of chemical or toxicological properties, or temperature or pressure, should be labelled as to the contents and hazard, or appropriately colour coded. • Similarly, piping systems that contain hazardous substances should be labelled with the direction of flow and contents of the pipe, or colour coded whenever the pipe is passing through a wall or floor is interrupted by a valve or junction device. Communicate Hazard Codes • Copies of the hazard coding system should be posted outside the facility at emergency entrance doors and fire emergency connection systems where they are likely to come to the attention of emergency services personnel. • Information regarding the types of hazardous materials stored, handled or used at the facility, including typical maximum inventories and storage locations, should be shared pro-actively with emergency services and security personnel to expedite emergency response when needed. • Representatives of local emergency and security services should be invited to participate in periodic (annual) orientation tours and site inspections to ensure familiarity with potential hazards present. 2.3 Physical Hazards 198 Physical hazards represent potential for accident or injury or illness due to repetitive exposure to mechanical action or work activity. Single exposure to physical hazards may result in a wide range of injuries, from minor and medical aid only, to disabling, catastrophic and/or fatal. Multiple exposures over prolonged periods can result in disabling injuries of comparable significance and consequence. Rotating and Moving Equipment Injury or death can occur from being trapped, entangled, or struck by machinery parts due to unexpected starting of equipment or unobvious movement during operations. Recommended protective measures include: • Designing machines to eliminate trap hazards and ensuring that extremities are kept out of harm’s way under normal operating conditions. Examples of proper design considerations include two-hand operated machines to prevent amputations or the availability of emergency stops dedicated to the machine and placed in strategic locations. Where a machine or equipment has an exposed moving part or exposed pinch point that may endanger the safety of any worker, the machine or equipment should be equipped with, and protected by, a guard or other device that prevents access to the moving part or pinch point. Guards should be designed and installed in conformance with appropriate machine safety standards. • Turning off, disconnecting, isolating and de-energizing (Locked Out and Tagged Out) machinery with exposed or guarded moving parts, or in which energy can be stored (e.g. compressed air, electrical components) during servicing or maintenance, in conformance with a standard such as CSA Z460 Lockout or equivalent ISO or ANSI standard. • Designing and installing equipment, where feasible, to enable routine service, such as lubrication, without removal of the guarding devices or mechanisms. Noise Noise limits for different working environments are provided in Table 2.3.1. • No employee should be exposed to a noise level greater than 85 dB(A) for a duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. In addition, no unprotected ear should be exposed to a peak sound pressure level (instantaneous) of more than 140 dB(C). • The use of hearing protection should be enforced actively when the equivalent sound level over 8 hours reaches 85 dB(A), the peak sound levels reach 140 dB(C), or the average maximum sound level reaches 110dB(A). Hearing protective devices provided should be capable of reducing sound levels at the ear to at least 85 dB(A). • Although hearing protection is preferred for any period of noise exposure in excess of 85 dB(A), an equivalent level of protection can be obtained, but less easily managed, by limiting the duration of noise exposure. For every 3 dB(A) increase in sound levels, the ‘allowed’ exposure period or duration should be reduced by 50 percent. • Prior to the issuance of hearing protective devices as the final control mechanism, use of acoustic insulating materials, isolation of the noise source and other engineering controls should be investigated and implemented, where feasible. • Periodic medical hearing checks should be performed on workers exposed to high noise levels. 199 Vibration Exposure to hand-arm vibration from equipment such as hand and power tools, or whole-body vibrations from surfaces on which the worker stands or sits, should be controlled through choice of equipment, installation of vibration dampening pads or devices, and limiting the duration of exposure. Limits for vibration and action values, (i.e. the level of exposure at which remediation should be initiated) are provided by the ACGIH. Exposure levels should be checked on the basis of daily exposure time and data provided by equipment manufacturers. Table 2.3.1 Noise Limits for Various Working Environments Location/ Activity Equivalent Level Maximum, LA LAeq, 8h max, fast Heavy industry (no 85 dB(A) 110 dB(A) demand for oral communication) Light industry 50-65 dB(A) 110 dB(A) (decreasing demand for oral communication) Open offices, 45-50 dB(A) - control rooms, service counters or similar Individual offices 40-45 dB(A) - (no disturbing noise) Classrooms, lecture 35-40 dB(A) - halls Hospitals 30-35 dB(A) 40 dB(A) Electrical Exposed or faulty electrical devices, such as circuit breakers, panels, cables, cords and hand tools, can pose a serious risk to workers. Overhead wires can be struck by metal devices, such as poles or ladders, and by vehicles with metal booms. Vehicles or grounded metal objects brought into close proximity with overhead wires can result in arcing between the wires and the object, without actual contact. Recommended actions include: • Marking all energized electrical devices and lines with warning signs • Locking out (de-charging and leaving open with a controlled locking device) and tagging- out (warning sign placed on the lock) devices during service or maintenance • Checking all electrical cords, cables and hand power tools for frayed or exposed cords and following manufacturer recommendations for maximum permitted operating voltage of the portable hand tools • Double insulating/ grounding all electrical equipment used in environments that are, or may become, wet; using equipment with ground fault interrupter (GFI) protected circuits 200 • Protecting power cords and extension cords against damage from traffic by shielding or suspending above traffic areas • Appropriate labelling of service rooms housing high voltage equipment (‘electrical hazard’) and where entry is controlled or prohibited • Establishing “No Approach” zones around or under high voltage power lines in conformance with Table 2.3.2. Rubber tired construction or other vehicles that come into direct contact with, or arcing between, high voltage wires may need to be taken out of service for periods of 48 hours and have the tires replaced to prevent catastrophic tire and wheel assembly failure, potentially causing serious injury or death • Conducting detailed identification and marking of all buried electrical wiring prior to any excavation work Table 2.3.2 No Approach Zones for High Voltage Power Lines Nominal phase-to-phase voltage rating Minimum Distance 750 or more volts, but no more than 150,000 volts 3 metres More than 150,000 volts, but no more than 250,000 volts 4.5 metres More than 250,000 volts 6 metres Eye Hazards Solid particles from a wide variety of industrial operations, and/ or a liquid chemical spray may strike a worker in the eye causing an eye injury or permanent blindness. Recommended measures include: • Use of machine guards or splash shields and/ or face and eye protection devices, such as safety glasses with side shields, goggles, and/ or a full face shield. Specific Safe Operating Procedures (SOPs) may be required for use of sanding and grinding tools and/ or when working around liquid chemicals. Frequent checks of these types of equipment prior to use to ensure mechanical integrity is also good practice. Machine and equipment guarding should conform to standards published by organizations such as CSA, ANSI and ISO. • Moving areas where the discharge of solid fragments, liquid or gaseous emissions can reasonably be predicted (e.g. discharge of sparks from a metal cutting station, pressure relief valve discharge) away from places expected to be occupied or transited by workers or visitors. Where machine or work fragments could present a hazard to transient workers or passers-by, extra area guarding or proximity restricting systems should be implemented, or PPE required for transients and visitors. • Provisions should be made for persons who have to wear prescription glasses either through the use of overglasses or prescription hardened glasses. Welding/ Hot Work Welding creates an extremely bright and intense light that may seriously injure a worker’s eyesight. In extreme cases, blindness may result. Additionally, welding may produce noxious fumes to which prolonged exposure can cause serious chronic diseases. Recommended measures include: • Provision of proper eye protection such as welder goggles and/ or a full-face eye shield for all personnel involved in, or assisting, welding operations. Additional methods may include 201 the use of welding barrier screens around the specific work station (a solid piece of light metal, canvas or plywood designed to block welding light from others). Devices to extract and remove noxious fumes at the source may also be required. • Special hot work and fire prevention precautions and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) should be implemented if welding or hot cutting is undertaken outside established welding work stations, including ‘Hot Work Permits, stand-by fire extinguishers, stand-by fire watch, and maintaining the fire watch for up to one hour after welding or hot cutting has terminated. Special procedures are required for hotwork on tanks or vessels that have contained flammable materials. Industrial Vehicle Driving and Site Traffic Poorly trained or inexperienced industrial vehicle drivers have increased risk of accident with other vehicles, pedestrians and equipment. Industrial vehicles and delivery vehicles, as well as private vehicles on-site, also represent potential collision scenarios. Industrial vehicle driving and site traffic safety practices include: • Training and licensing industrial vehicle operators in the safe operation of specialized vehicles such as forklifts, including safe loading/ unloading, load limits. • Ensuring drivers undergo medical surveillance. • Ensuring moving equipment with restricted rear visibility is outfitted with audible back-up alarms. • Establishing rights-of-way, site speed limits, vehicle inspection requirements, operating rules and procedures (e.g. prohibiting operation of forklifts with forks in down position) and control of traffic patterns or direction. • Restricting the circulation of delivery and private vehicles to defined routes and areas, giving preference to ‘one-way’ circulation, where appropriate. Working Environment Temperature Exposure to hot or cold working conditions in indoor or outdoor environments can result in temperature stress-related injury or death. Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect against other occupational hazards can accentuate and aggravate heat-related illnesses. Extreme temperatures in permanent work environments should be avoided through implementation of engineering controls and ventilation. Where this is not possible, such as during short-term outdoor work, temperature-related stress management procedures should be implemented which include: • Monitoring weather forecasts for outdoor work to provide advance warning of extreme weather and scheduling work accordingly • Adjustment of work and rest periods according to temperature stress management procedures provided by ACGIH67, depending on the temperature and workloads • Providing temporary shelters to protect against the elements during working activities or for use as rest areas • Use of protective clothing • Providing easy access to adequate hydration such as drinking water or electrolyte drinks and avoiding consumption of alcoholic beverages 202 Ergonomics, Repetitive Motion, Manual Handling Injuries due to ergonomic factors, such as repetitive motion, overexertion and manual handling, take prolonged and repeated exposures to develop, and typically require periods of weeks to months for recovery. These OHS problems should be minimized or eliminated to maintain a productive workplace. Controls may include: • Facility and workstation design with 5th to 95th percentile operational and maintenance workers in mind • Use of mechanical assists to eliminate or reduce exertions required to lift materials, hold tools and work objects, and requiring multi-person lifts if weights exceed thresholds • Selecting and designing tools that reduce force requirements and holding times and improve postures • Providing user adjustable work stations • Incorporating rest and stretch breaks into work processes and conducting job rotation • Implementing quality control and maintenance programs that reduce unnecessary forces and exertions • Taking into consideration additional special conditions such as left handed persons Working at Heights Fall prevention and protection measures should be implemented whenever a worker is exposed to the hazard of falling more than two meters; into operating machinery; into water or other liquid; into hazardous substances; or through an opening in a work surface. Fall prevention/ protection measures may also be warranted on a case-specific basis when there are risks of falling from lesser heights. Fall prevention may include: • Installation of guardrails with mid-rails and toe boards at the edge of any fall hazard area • Proper use of ladders and scaffolds by trained employees • Use of fall prevention devices, including safety belt and lanyard travel limiting devices to prevent access to fall hazard area, or fall protection devices such as full body harnesses used in conjunction with shock absorbing lanyards or self-retracting inertial fall arrest devices attached to fixed anchor point or horizontal life-lines • Appropriate training in use, serviceability and integrity of the necessary PPE • Inclusion of rescue and/ or recovery plans and equipment to respond to workers after an arrested fall Illumination Work area light intensity should be adequate for the general purpose of the location and type of activity and should be supplemented with dedicated work station illumination, as needed. The minimum limits for illumination intensity for a range of locations/ activities appear in Table 2.3.3. Table 2.3.3 Minimum Limits for Workplace Illumination Intensity Location/ Activity Light Intensity Emergency light 10 lux Outdoor non working areas 20 lux 203 Simple orientation and temporary visits (machine storage, 50 lux garage, warehouse) Workspace with occasional visual tasks only (corridors, 100 lux stairways, lobby, elevator, auditorium etc.) Medium precision work (simple assembly, rough machine 200 lux works, welding, packing etc.) Precision work (reading, moderately difficult assembly, 500 lux sorting, checking, medium bench and machine works etc.), offices High precision work (difficult assembly, sewing, colour 1,000-3,000 lux inspection, fine sorting etc.) Controls should include: • Use of energy efficient light sources with minimum heat emission • Undertaking measures to eliminate glare/ reflections and flickering of lights • Taking precautions to minimize and control optical radiation including direct sunlight. Exposure to high intensity UV and IR radiation and high intensity visible light should also be controlled • Controlling laser hazards in accordance with equipment specifications, certifications and recognized safety standards. The lowest feasible class laser should be applied to minimize risks 2.4 Chemical Hazards Chemical hazards represent potential for illness or injury due to single acute exposure or chronic repetitive exposure to toxic, corrosive, sensitizing or oxidative substances. They also represent a risk of uncontrolled reaction, including the risk of fire and explosion, if incompatible chemicals are inadvertently mixed. Chemical hazards can most effectively be prevented through a hierarchical approach that includes: • Replacement of the hazardous substance with a less hazardous substitute • Implementation of engineering and administrative control measures to avoid or minimize the release of hazardous substances into the work environment keeping the level of exposure below internationally established or recognized limits • Keeping the number of employees exposed, or likely to become exposed, to a minimum • Communicating chemical hazards to workers through labelling and marking according to national and internationally recognized requirements and standards, including the International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC), Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) or equivalent. Any means of written communication should be in an easily understood language and be readily available to exposed workers and first-aid personnel • Training workers in the use of the available information (such as MSDSs), safe work practices and appropriate use of PPE Air Quality Poor air quality due to the release of contaminants into the work place can result in possible respiratory irritation, discomfort or illness to workers. Employers should take appropriate measures to maintain air quality in the work area. These include: 204 • Maintaining levels of contaminant dusts, vapours and gases in the work environment at concentrations below those recommended by the ACGIH68 as TWA-TLV’s (threshold limit value)—concentrations to which most workers can be exposed repeatedly (8 hours/day, 40 hrs/week, week-after week), without sustaining adverse health effects. • Developing and implementing work practices to minimize release of contaminants into the work environment including:  Direct piping of liquid and gaseous materials  Minimized handling of dry powdered materials  Enclosed operations  Local exhaust ventilation at emission/ release points  Vacuum transfer of dry material rather than mechanical or pneumatic conveyance  Indoor secure storage and sealed containers rather than loose storage • Where ambient air contains several materials that have similar effects on the same body organs (additive effects), taking into account combined exposures using calculations recommended by the ACGIH • Where work shifts extend beyond eight (8) hours, calculating adjusted workplace exposure criteria recommended by the ACGIH Fire and Explosions Fires and or explosions resulting from ignition of flammable materials or gases can lead to loss of property as well as possible injury or fatalities to project workers. Prevention and control strategies include: • Storing flammables away from ignition sources and oxidizing materials. Further, flammables storage area should be:  Remote from entry and exit points into buildings  Away from facility ventilation intakes or vents  Have natural or passive floor and ceiling level ventilation and explosion venting  Use spark-proof fixtures  Be equipped with fire extinguishing devices and self-closing doors, and constructed of materials made to withstand flame impingement for a moderate period of time • Providing bonding and grounding of, and between, containers and additional mechanical floor level ventilation if materials are being, or could be, dispensed in the storage area • Where the flammable material is mainly comprised of dust, providing electrical grounding, spark detection, and, if needed, quenching systems • Defining and labelling fire hazards areas to warn of special rules (e.g. prohibition in use of smoking materials, cellular phones or other potential spark generating equipment) • Providing specific worker training in handling of flammable materials and in fire prevention or suppression Corrosive, Oxidizing and Reactive Chemicals Corrosive, oxidizing and reactive chemicals present similar hazards and require similar control measures as flammable materials. However, the added hazard of these chemicals is that 205 inadvertent mixing or intermixing may cause serious adverse reactions. This can lead to the release of flammable or toxic materials and gases and may lead directly to fires and explosions. These types of substances have the additional hazard of causing significant personal injury upon direct contact, regardless of any intermixing issues. The following controls should be observed in the work environment when handling such chemicals: • Corrosive, oxidizing and reactive chemicals should be segregated from flammable materials and from other chemicals of incompatible class (acids vs. bases, oxidizers vs. reducers, water sensitive vs. water based etc.), stored in ventilated areas and in containers with appropriate secondary containment to minimize intermixing during spills. • Workers who are required to handle corrosive, oxidizing or reactive chemicals should be provided with specialized training and provided with, and wear, appropriate PPE (gloves, apron, splash suits, face shield or goggles etc.). • Where corrosive, oxidizing or reactive chemicals are used, handled, or stored, qualified first-aid should be ensured at all times. Appropriately equipped first-aid stations should be easily accessible throughout the place of work and eye-wash stations and/or emergency showers should be provided close to all workstations where the recommended first-aid response is immediate flushing with water. Asbestos Containing Materials (ACM) The use of asbestos containing materials (ACM) should be avoided in new buildings or as a new material in re-modelling or renovation activities. Existing facilities with ACM should develop an asbestos management plan which clearly identifies the locations where the ACM is present, its condition (e.g. whether it is in a friable form with the potential to release fibres), procedures for monitoring its condition, procedures to access the locations where ACM is present to avoid damage, and training of staff who can potentially come into contact with the material to avoid damage and prevent exposure. The plan should be made available to all persons involved in operations and maintenance activities. Repair or removal and disposal of existing ACM in buildings should only be performed by specially trained personnel following host country requirements, or in their absence, internationally recognized procedures. 2.5 Biological Hazards Biological agents represent potential for illness or injury due to single acute exposure or chronic repetitive exposure. Biological hazards can be prevented most effectively by implementing the following measures: • If the nature of the activity permits, use of any harmful biological agents should be avoided and replaced with an agent that, under normal conditions of use, is not dangerous or less dangerous to workers. If use of harmful agents cannot be avoided, precautions should be taken to keep the risk of exposure as low as possible and maintained below internationally established and recognized exposure limits. • Work processes, engineering and administrative controls should be designed, maintained and operated to avoid or minimize release of biological agents into the working 206 environment. The number of employees exposed or likely to become exposed should be kept at a minimum. • The employer should review and assess known and suspected presence of biological agents at the place of work and implement appropriate safety measures, monitoring, training and training verification programs. • Measures to eliminate and control hazards from known and suspected biological agents at the place of work should be designed, implemented and maintained in close co-operation with the local health authorities and according to recognized international standards. Biological agents should be classified into four groups: • Group 1: Biological agents unlikely to cause human disease and consequently only require controls similar to those required for hazardous or reactive chemical substances; • Group 2: Biological agents that can cause human disease and are thereby likely to require additional controls, but are unlikely to spread to the community; • Group 3: Biological agents that can cause severe human disease, present a serious hazard to workers, and may present a risk of spreading to the community, for which there usually is effective prophylaxis or treatment available and are thereby likely to require extensive additional controls; • Group 4: Biological agents that can cause severe human disease, are a serious hazard to workers, and present a high risk of spreading to the community, for which there is usually no effective prophylaxis or treatment available and are thereby likely to require very extensive additional controls The employer should at all times encourage and enforce the highest level of hygiene and personal protection, especially for activities employing biological agents of Groups 3 and 4 above. Work involving agents in Groups 3 and 4 should be restricted only to those persons who have received specific verifiable training in working with and controlling such materials. Areas used for the handling of Groups 3 and 4 biological agents should be designed to enable their full segregation and isolation in emergency circumstances, include independent ventilation systems, and be subject to SOPs requiring routine disinfection and sterilization of the work surfaces. HVAC systems serving areas handling Groups 3 and 4 biological agents should be equipped with High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filtration systems. Equipment should readily enable their disinfection and sterilization and maintained and operated so as to prevent growth and spreading of disease agents, amplification of the biological agents, or breeding of vectors e.g. mosquitoes and flies of public health concern. 2.6 Radiological Hazards Radiation exposure can lead to potential discomfort, injury or serious illness to workers. Prevention and control strategies include: 207 • Places of work involving occupational and/or natural exposure to ionizing radiation should be established and operated in accordance with recognized international safety standards and guidelines. The acceptable effective dose limits appear in Table 2.6.1. • Exposure to non-ionizing radiation (including static magnetic fields; sub-radio frequency magnetic fields; static electric fields; radio frequency and microwave radiation; light and near-infrared radiation; and ultraviolet radiation) should be controlled to internationally recommended limits • In the case of both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, the preferred method for controlling exposure is shielding and limiting the radiation source. Personal protective equipment is supplemental only or for emergency use. Personal protective equipment for near-infrared, visible and ultraviolet range radiation can include appropriate sun block creams, with or without appropriate screening clothing. Table 2.6.1 Acceptable Effective Dose Limits for Workplace Radiological Hazards Exposure Workers (min.19 years of Apprentices and age) students (16-18 years of age) Five consecutive year average – 20 mSv/year effective dose Single year exposure – effective 50 mSv/year 6 mSv/year dose Equivalent dose to the lens of the 150 mSv/year 50 mSv/year eye Equivalent dose to the extremities 500 mSv/year 150 mSv/year (hands, feet) or the skin 2.7 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) provides additional protection to workers exposed to workplace hazards in conjunction with other facility controls and safety systems. PPE is considered to be a last resort that is above and beyond the other facility controls and provides the worker with an extra level of personal protection. Table 2.7.1 presents general examples of occupational hazards and types of PPE available for different purposes. Recommended measures for use of PPE in the workplace include: • Active use of PPE if alternative technologies, work plans or procedures cannot eliminate, or sufficiently reduce, a hazard or exposure. • Identification and provision of appropriate PPE that offers adequate protection to the worker, co-workers and occasional visitors, without incurring unnecessary inconvenience to the individual. • Proper maintenance of PPE, including cleaning when dirty and replacement when damaged or worn out. Proper use of PPE should be part of the recurrent training programs for employees. • Selection of PPE should be based on the hazard and risk ranking described earlier in this section, and selected according to criteria on performance and testing established by recognized organizations. 208 Table 2.7.1 Summary of Recommended Personal Protective Equipment According to Hazard Objective Workplace Hazards Suggested PPE Eye and face Flying particles, molten metal, Safety glasses with side-shields, protective protection liquid chemicals, gases or shades etc. vapours, light radiation Head Falling objects, inadequate height Plastic helmets with top and side impact protection clearance and overhead power protection cords Hearing Noise, ultra sound Hearing protectors (ear plugs or ear muffs) protection Foot Falling or rolling objects, pointed Safety shoes and boots for protection protection objects, corrosive or hot against moving and falling objects, liquids liquids and chemicals Hand Hazardous materials, cuts or Gloves made of rubber or synthetic protection lacerations, vibrations, materials (Neoprene) leather, steel, extreme temperatures insulating materials etc. Respiratory Dust, fogs, fumes, mists, gases, Facemasks with appropriate filters for dust protection smokes, vapours removal and air purification (chemicals, mists, vapours and gases). Single or multi-gas personal monitors, if available Oxygen deficiency Portable or supplied air (fixed lines), On- site equipment Body/ leg Extreme temperatures, hazardous Insulating clothing, body suits, aprons etc. protection materials, biological agents, of appropriate materials cutting and laceration 2.8 Special Hazard Environments Special hazard environments are work situations where all of the previously described hazards may exist under unique or especially hazardous circumstances. Accordingly, extra precautions or rigor in application of precautions is required. Confined Space A confined space is defined as a wholly or partially enclosed space not designed or intended for human occupancy and in which a hazardous atmosphere could develop as a result of the contents, location or construction of the confined space or due to work done in or around the confined space. A “permit -required” confined space is one that also contains physical or atmospheric hazards that could trap or engulf the person. Confined spaces can occur in enclosed or open structures or locations. Serious injury or fatality can result from inadequate preparation to enter a confined space or in attempting a rescue from a confined space. Recommended management approaches include: • Engineering measures should be implemented to eliminate, to the degree feasible, the existence and adverse character of confined spaces. 209 • Permit-required confined spaces should be provided with permanent safety measures for venting, monitoring and rescue operations, to the extent possible. The area adjoining an access to a confined space should provide ample room for emergency and rescue operations. Access hatches should accommodate 90% of the worker population with adjustments for tools and protective clothing. The most current ISO and EN standards should be consulted for design specifications. • Prior to entry into a permit-required confined space:  Process or feed lines into the space should be disconnected or drained and blanked and locked-out.  Mechanical equipment in the space should be disconnected, de-energized, locked-out and braced, as appropriate.  The atmosphere within the confined space should be tested to assure the oxygen content is between 19.5 percent and 23 percent and that the presence of any flammable gas or vapour does not exceed 25 percent of its respective Lower Explosive Limit (LEL).  If the atmospheric conditions are not met, the confined space should be ventilated until the target safe atmosphere is achieved, or entry is only to be undertaken with appropriate and additional PPE. • Safety precautions should include Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA), life lines and safety watch workers stationed outside the confined space, with rescue and first aid equipment readily available. • Before workers are required to enter a permit-required confined space, adequate and appropriate training in confined space hazard control, atmospheric testing, use of the necessary PPE, as well as the serviceability and integrity of the PPE should be verified. Further, adequate and appropriate rescue and/ or recovery plans and equipment should be in place before the worker enters the confined space. Lone and Isolated Workers A lone and isolated worker is a worker out of verbal and line of sight communication with a supervisor, other workers, or other persons capable of providing aid and assistance, for continuous periods exceeding one hour. The worker is therefore at increased risk should an accident or injury occur. • Where workers may be required to perform work under lone or isolated circumstances, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) should be developed and implemented to ensure all PPE and safety measures are in place before the worker starts work. SOPs should establish, at a minimum, verbal contact with the worker at least once every hour and ensure the worker has a capability for summoning emergency aid. • If the worker is potentially exposed to highly toxic or corrosive chemicals, emergency eye- wash and shower facilities should be equipped with audible and visible alarms to summon aid whenever the eye-wash or shower is activated by the worker and without intervention by the worker. 2.9 Monitoring 210 Occupational health and safety monitoring programs should verify the effectiveness of prevention and control strategies. The selected indicators should be representative of the most significant occupational, health and safety hazards, and the implementation of prevention and control strategies. The occupational health and safety monitoring program should include: • Safety inspection, testing and calibration: This should include regular inspection and testing of all safety features and hazard control measures focusing on engineering and personal protective features, work procedures, places of work, installations, equipment and tools used. The inspection should verify that issued PPE continues to provide adequate protection and is being worn as required. All instruments installed or used for monitoring and recording of working environment parameters should be regularly tested and calibrated and the respective records maintained. • Surveillance of the working environment: Employers should document compliance using an appropriate combination of portable and stationary sampling and monitoring instruments. Monitoring and analyses should be conducted according to internationally recognized methods and standards. Monitoring methodology, locations, frequencies and parameters should be established individually for each project following a review of the hazards. Generally, monitoring should be performed during commissioning of facilities or equipment and at the end of the defect and liability period and otherwise repeated according to the monitoring plan. • Surveillance of workers health: When extraordinary protective measures are required (for example, against biological agents Groups 3 and 4 and/or hazardous compounds), workers should be provided appropriate and relevant health surveillance prior to first exposure and at regular intervals thereafter. The surveillance should, if deemed necessary, be continued after termination of the employment. • Training: Training activities for employees and visitors should be adequately monitored and documented (curriculum, duration and participants). Emergency exercises, including fire drills, should be documented adequately. Service providers and contractors should be contractually required to submit to the employer adequate training documentation before start of their assignment. Accidents and Diseases Monitoring • The employer should establish procedures and systems for reporting and recording:  Occupational accidents and diseases  Dangerous occurrences and incidents These systems should enable workers to report immediately to their immediate supervisor any situation they believe presents a serious danger to life or health. • The systems and the employer should further enable and encourage workers to report to management all:  Occupational injuries and near misses  Suspected cases of occupational disease  Dangerous occurrences and incidents 211 • All reported occupational accidents, occupational diseases, dangerous occurrences and incidents together with near misses should be investigated with the assistance of a person knowledgeable/ competent in occupational safety. The investigation should:  Establish what happened  Determine the cause of what happened  Identify measures necessary to prevent a recurrence Occupational accidents and diseases should, at a minimum, be classified according to Table 2.10.1. Distinction is made between fatal and non-fatal injuries. The two main categories are divided into three sub-categories according to time of death or duration of the incapacity to work. The total work hours during the specified reporting period should be reported to the appropriate regulatory agency. Table 2.9.1 Occupational Accident Reporting a. Fatalities b. Non-fatal injuries c. Total time lost (number) (number) non-fatal injuries (days) a.1 Immediate b.1 Less than one day a.2 Within a month b.2 Up to 3 days c.1 Category b.2 a.3 Within a year b.3 More than 3 days c.2 Category b.3 212 15.2 General EHS Guidelines: Construction and Decommissioning 4.2 Occupational Health and Safety Over-exertion Over-exertion and ergonomic injuries and illnesses, such as repetitive motion, over-exertion and manual handling are among the most common causes of injuries in construction and decommissioning sites. Recommendations for their prevention and control include: • Training of workers in lifting and materials handling techniques in construction and decommissioning projects, including the placement of weight limits above which mechanical assists or two-person lifts are necessary • Planning work site layout to minimize the need for manual transfer of heavy loads • Selecting tools and designing work stations that reduce force requirements and holding times and which promote improved postures, including, where applicable, user adjustable work stations • Implementing administrative controls into work processes, such as job rotations and rest or stretch breaks Slips and Falls Slips and falls on the same elevation associated with poor housekeeping, such as excessive waste debris, loose construction materials, liquid spills and uncontrolled use of electrical cords and ropes on the ground are also among the most frequent cause of lost time accidents at construction and decommissioning sites. Recommended methods for the prevention of slips and falls from, or on, the same elevation include: • Implementing good house-keeping practices, such as the sorting and placing loose construction materials or demolition debris in established areas away from footpaths • Cleaning up excessive waste debris and liquid spills regularly • Locating electrical cords and ropes in common areas and marked corridors • Use of slip retardant footwear Work in Heights Falls from elevation associated with working with ladders, scaffolding and partially built or demolished structures are among the most common cause of fatal or permanent disabling injury at construction or decommissioning sites. If fall hazards exist, a fall protection plan should be in place which includes one or more of the following aspects, depending on the nature of the fall hazard. • Training and use of temporary fall prevention devices, such as rails or other barriers able to support a weight of 200 pounds, when working at heights equal or greater than two metres or at any height if the risk includes falling into operating machinery, into water or other liquid, into hazardous substances or through an opening in a work surface • Training and use of personal fall arrest systems, such as full body harnesses and energy absorbing lanyards able to support 5000 pounds (also described in this section in Working at Heights above), as well as fall rescue procedures to deal with workers whose fall has been 213 successfully arrested. The tie in point of the fall arresting system should also be able to support 5000 pounds • Use of control zones and safety monitoring systems to warn workers of their proximity to fall hazard zones, as well as securing, marking and labelling covers for openings in floors, roofs or walking surfaces Struck By Objects Construction and demolition activities may pose significant hazards related to the potential fall of materials or tools as well as ejection of solid particles from abrasive or other types of power tools which can result in injury to the head, eyes and extremities. Techniques for the prevention and control of these hazards include: • Using a designated and restricted waste drop or discharge zones and/ or a chute for safe movement of wastes from upper to lower levels • Conducting sawing, cutting, grinding, sanding, chipping or chiselling with proper guards and anchoring as applicable • Maintaining clear traffic ways to avoid driving of heavy equipment over loose scrap • Use of temporary fall protection measures in scaffolds and out edges of elevated work surfaces, such as hand rails and toe boards to prevent materials from being dislodged • Evacuating work areas during blasting operations and using blast mats or other means of deflection to minimize fly rock or ejection of demolition debris if work is conducted in proximity to people or structures • Wearing appropriate PPE, such as safety glasses with side shields, face shields, hard hats and safety shoes Moving Machinery Vehicle traffic and use of lifting equipment in the movement of machinery and materials on a construction site may pose temporary hazards, such as physical contact, spills, dust, emissions and noise. Heavy equipment operators have limited fields of view close to their equipment and may not see pedestrians close to the vehicle. Centre-articulated vehicles create a significant impact or crush hazard zone on the outboard side of a turn while moving. Techniques for the prevention and control of these impacts include: • Planning and segregating the location of vehicle traffic, machine operation and walking areas and controlling vehicle traffic through the use of one-way traffic routes, establishment of speed limits and on-site trained flag-people wearing high-visibility vests or outer clothing covering to direct traffic • Ensuring the visibility of personnel through their use of high visibility vests when working in or walking through heavy equipment operating areas and training of workers to verify eye contact with equipment operators before approaching the operating vehicle • Ensuring moving equipment is outfitted with audible back-up alarms • Using inspected and well-maintained lifting devices that are appropriate for the load, such as cranes and securing loads when lifting them to higher job-site elevations Dust 214 • Dust suppression techniques should be implemented, such as applying water or non-toxic chemicals to minimize dust from vehicle movements • PPE, such as dusk masks, should be used where dust levels are excessive Confined Spaces and Excavations Examples of confined spaces that may be present in construction or demolition sites include: silos, vats, hoppers, utility vaults, tanks, sewers, pipes and access shafts. Ditches and trenches may also be considered a confined space when access or egress is limited. In addition to the guidance provided in Section 2.8 the occupational hazards associated with confined spaces and excavations in construction and decommissioning sites should be prevented according to the following recommendations: • Controlling site-specific factors which may contribute to excavation slope instability including, for example, the use of excavation dewatering, side-walls support and slope gradient adjustments that eliminate or minimize the risk of collapse, entrapment or drowning • Providing safe means of access and egress from excavations, such as graded slopes, graded access route or stairs and ladders • Avoiding the operation of combustion equipment for prolonged periods inside excavations areas where other workers are required to enter unless the area is actively ventilated Other Site Hazards Construction and decommissioning sites may pose a risk of exposure to dust, chemicals, hazardous or flammable materials and wastes in a combination of liquid, solid or gaseous forms, which should be prevented through the implementation of project specific plans and other applicable management practices including: • Use of specially trained personnel to identify and remove waste materials from tanks, vessels, processing equipment or contaminated land as a first step in decommissioning activities to allow for safe excavation, construction, dismantling or demolition • Use of specially trained personnel to identify and selectively remove potentially hazardous materials in building elements prior to dismantling or demolition including, for example, insulation or structural elements containing asbestos and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), electrical components containing mercury • Use of waste-specific PPE based on the results of an occupational health and safety assessment, including respirators, clothing/ protective suits, gloves and eye protection 215 15.3 Guidelines: Environmental Waste Management Applicability and Approach These guidelines apply to projects that generate, store, or handle any quantity of waste across a range of industry sectors. It is not intended to apply to projects or facilities where the primary business is the collection, transportation, treatment, or disposal of wastes. Specific guidance for these types of facilities is presented in the Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines for Waste Management Facilities. A waste is any solid, liquid, or contained gaseous material that is being discarded by disposal, recycling, burning or incineration. It can be a by-product of a manufacturing process or an obsolete commercial product that can no longer be used for intended purpose and requires disposal. Solid (non-hazardous) wastes generally include any garbage, refuse. Examples of such waste include domestic trash and garbage; inert construction/ demolition materials; refuse, such as metal scrap and empty containers (except those previously used to contain hazardous materials which should, in principle, be managed as a hazardous waste); and residual waste from industrial operations, such as boiler slag, clinker and fly ash. Hazardous waste shares the properties of a hazardous material (e.g. ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity or toxicity), or other physical, chemical or biological characteristics that may pose a potential risk to human health or the environment if improperly managed. Wastes may also be defined as “hazardous” by local regulations or international conventions, based on the origin of the waste and its inclusion on hazardous waste lists or based on its characteristics. Sludge from a waste treatment plant, water supply treatment plant or air pollution control facility, and other discarded material, including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material resulting from industrial operations needs to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis to establish whether it constitutes a hazardous or a non-hazardous waste. Facilities that generate and store wastes should practice the following: • Establishing waste management priorities at the outset of activities based on an understanding of potential Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) risks and impacts and considering waste generation and its consequences • Establishing a waste management hierarchy that considers prevention, reduction, re-use, recovery, recycling, removal and finally disposal of wastes • Avoiding or minimizing the generation waste materials, as far as practicable • Where waste generation cannot be avoided but has been minimized, recovering and re- using waste • Where waste cannot be recovered or re-used, treating, destroying and disposing of it in an environmentally sound manner General Waste Management The following guidance applies to the management of non-hazardous and hazardous waste. Additional guidance specifically applicable to hazardous wastes is presented below. Waste 216 management should be addressed through a waste management system that addresses issues linked to waste minimization, generation, transport, disposal and monitoring. Waste Management Planning Facilities that generate waste should characterize their waste according to composition, source, types of wastes produced, generation rates or according to local regulatory requirements. Effective planning and implementation of waste management strategies should include: • Review of new waste sources during planning, siting and design activities, including during equipment modifications and process alterations, to identify expected waste generation, pollution prevention opportunities, and necessary treatment, storage and disposal infrastructure • Collection of data and information about the process and waste streams in existing facilities, including characterization of waste streams by type, quantities and potential use/ disposition • Establishment of priorities based on a risk analysis that takes into account the potential EHS risks during the waste cycle and the availability of infrastructure to manage the waste in an environmentally sound manner • Definition of opportunities for source reduction as well as re-use and recycling • Definition of procedures and operational controls for on-site storage • Definition of options/ procedures/ operational controls for treatment and final disposal Waste Prevention Processes should be designed and operated to prevent or minimize the quantities of wastes generated and hazards associated with the wastes generated in accordance with the following strategy: • Substituting raw materials or inputs with less hazardous or toxic materials, or with those where processing generates lower waste volumes • Applying manufacturing process that convert materials efficiently, providing higher product output yields, including modification of design of the production process, operating conditions and process controls • Instituting good housekeeping and operating practices, including inventory control to reduce the amount of waste resulting from materials that are out-of-date, off- specification, contaminated, damaged or excess to plant needs • Instituting procurement measures that recognize opportunities to return usable materials such as containers and which prevents the over ordering of materials • Minimizing hazardous waste generation by implementing stringent waste segregation to prevent the co-mingling of non-hazardous and hazardous waste to be managed Recycling and Re-use In addition to the implementation of waste prevention strategies, the total amount of waste may be significantly reduced through the implementation of recycling plans, which should consider the following elements: 217 • Evaluation of waste production processes and identification of potentially recyclable materials • Identification and recycling of products that can be re-introduced into the manufacturing process or industry activity at the site • Investigation of external markets for recycling by other industrial processing operations located in the neighbourhood or region of the facility (e.g. waste exchange) • Establishing recycling objectives and formal tracking of waste generation and recycling rates • Providing training and incentives to employees in order to meet objectives Treatment and Disposal If waste materials are still generated after the implementation of feasible waste prevention, reduction, re-use, recovery and recycling measures, waste materials should be treated and disposed of and all measures should be taken to avoid potential impacts to human health and the environment. Selected management approaches should be consistent with the characteristics of the waste and local regulations and may include one or more of the following: • On-site or off-site biological, chemical or physical treatment of the waste material to render it non-hazardous prior to final disposal • Treatment or disposal at permitted facilities specially designed to receive the waste. Examples include: composting operations for organic non-hazardous wastes; properly designed, permitted and operated landfills or incinerators designed for the respective type of waste; or other methods known to be effective in the safe, final disposal of waste materials such as bio-remediation. Hazardous Waste Management Hazardous wastes should always be segregated from nonhazardous wastes. If generation of hazardous waste cannot be prevented through the implementation of the above general waste management practices, its management should focus on the prevention of harm to health, safety and the environment, according to the following additional principles: • Understanding potential impacts and risks associated with the management of any generated hazardous waste during its complete life cycle • Ensuring that contractors handling, treating and disposing of hazardous waste are reputable and legitimate enterprises, licensed by the relevant regulatory agencies and following good international industry practice for the waste being handled • Ensuring compliance with applicable local and international regulations Waste Storage Hazardous waste should be stored so as to prevent or control accidental releases to air, soil, and water resources in area location where: • Waste is stored in a manner that prevents the co-mingling or contact between incompatible wastes and allows for inspection between containers to monitor leaks or 218 spills. Examples include sufficient space between incompatibles or physical separation such as walls or containment curbs • Store in closed containers away from direct sunlight, wind and rain • Secondary containment systems should be constructed with materials appropriate for the wastes being contained and adequate to prevent loss to the environment • Secondary containment is included wherever liquid wastes are stored in volumes greater than 220 litres. The available volume of secondary containment should be at least 110 percent of the largest storage container or 25 percent of the total storage capacity (whichever is greater), in that specific location • Provide adequate ventilation where volatile wastes are stored Hazardous waste storage activities should also be subject to special management actions, conducted by employees who have received specific training in handling and storage of hazardous wastes: • Provision of readily available information on chemical compatibility to employees, including labelling each container to identify its contents • Limiting access to hazardous waste storage areas to employees who have received proper training • Clearly identifying (label) and demarcating the area, including documentation of its location on a facility map or site plan • Conducting periodic inspections of waste storage areas and documenting the findings • Preparing and implementing spill response and emergency plans to address their accidental release • Avoiding underground storage tanks and underground piping of hazardous waste Transportation On-site and off-site transportation of waste should be conducted so as to prevent or minimize spills, releases, and exposures to employees and the public. All waste containers designated for off-site shipment should be secured and labelled with the contents and associated hazards, be properly loaded on the transport vehicles before leaving the site and be accompanied by a shipping paper (i.e., manifest) that describes the load and its associated hazards, consistent with the guidance provided in Section 3.4 on the Transport of Hazardous Materials. Treatment and Disposal In addition to the recommendations for treatment and disposal applicable to general wastes, the following issues specific to hazardous wastes should be considered: Commercial or Government Waste Contractors In the absence of qualified commercial or government-owned waste vendors (taking into consideration proximity and transportation requirements), facilities generating waste should consider using: • Have the technical capability to manage the waste in a manner that reduces immediate and future impact to the environment 219 • Have all required permits, certifications and approvals, of applicable government authorities • Have been secured through the use of formal procurement agreements In the absence of qualified commercial or government-owned waste disposal operators (taking into consideration proximity and transportation requirements), project sponsors should consider using: • Installing on-site waste treatment or recycling processes • As a final option, constructing facilities that will provide for the environmental sound long-term storage of wastes on-site (as described elsewhere in the General EHS Guidelines) or at an alternative appropriate location up until external commercial options become available Small Quantities of Hazardous Waste Hazardous waste materials are frequently generated in small quantities by many projects through a variety of activities such as equipment and building maintenance activities. Examples of these types of wastes include: spent solvents and oily rags, empty paint cans, chemical containers; used lubricating oil; used batteries (such as nickel-cadmium or lead acid); and lighting equipment, such as lamps or lamp ballasts. These wastes should be managed following the guidance provided in the above sections. Monitoring Monitoring activities associated with the management of hazardous and non-hazardous waste should include: • Regular visual inspection of all waste storage collection and storage areas for evidence of accidental releases and to verify that wastes are properly labelled and stored. When significant quantities of hazardous wastes are generated and stored on site, monitoring activities should include:  Inspection of vessels for leaks, drips or other indications of loss  Identification of cracks, corrosion or damage to tanks, protective equipment or floors  Verification of locks, emergency valves and other safety devices for easy operation (lubricating if required and employing the practice of keeping locks and safety equipment in standby position when the area is not occupied)  Checking the operability of emergency systems  Documenting results of testing for integrity, emissions or monitoring stations (air, soil vapour, or groundwater)  Documenting any changes to the storage facility and any significant changes in the quantity of materials in storage • Regular audits of waste segregation and collection practices • Tracking of waste generation trends by type and amount of waste generated, preferably by facility departments • Characterizing waste at the beginning of generation of a new waste stream and periodically documenting the characteristics and proper management of the waste, especially hazardous wastes 220 • Keeping manifests or other records that document the amount of waste generated and its destination • Periodic auditing of third party treatment, and disposal services including re-use and recycling facilities when significant quantities of hazardous wastes are managed by third parties. Whenever possible, audits should include site visits to the treatment storage and disposal location • Regular monitoring of groundwater quality in cases of Hazardous Waste on site storage and/ or pre-treatment and disposal • Monitoring records for hazardous waste collected, stored, or shipped should include:  Name and identification number of the material(s) composing the hazardous waste  Physical state (i.e., solid, liquid, gaseous or a combination of one, or more, of these)  Quantity (e.g. kilograms or litres, number of containers)  Waste shipment tracking documentation to include, quantity and type, date dispatched, date transported and date received, record of the originator, the receiver and the transporter  Method and date of storing, repacking, treating or disposing at the facility, cross- referenced to specific manifest document numbers applicable to the hazardous waste  Location of each hazardous waste within the facility and the quantity at each location 221 Annex 16: Factory Ordinance, ILO Guidelines and SCDP Environmental Management and Assessment Framework Guidelines (1) Factory ordinance can be downloaded from this link: http://www.employers.lk/factories-ordinance-i (2) SCDP Environmental Management and Assessment Framework Guidelines Health and Safety Guidelines Health and safety of workers and the public should be designed into constructions, before and during and after the building phase. It is cheaper and easier to control risks in construction to workers as well as the public before work starts on site by proper planning, training, site induction, worker consultation and incorporating strict safety procedures in construction plans. The proposed project interventions will mostly involve small to medium scale construction sites. As such, extreme dangers posed by working in environments such as great heights, deep water and involving dangerous chemicals and radioactive material will not be present. Potential dangers associated with SCDP sites will include falling from moderate heights, vehicle/pedestrian accidents, falling into trenches, being buried in underground drains/excavations, breathing dust and other air pollutants, back aches caused by handling heavy material, suffering hearing loss from noise etc and can be mitigated with following safety guidelines. EA for each site should mandatorily include a risk assessment as to what are the hazards involved in the work site, who might be harmed and how seriously, how likely this harm might happen and what actions are required to eliminate or reduce the risk and incorporate such measures in the ESMP and clearly set out in the tender documents. All sub-projects must observe health and safety regulations, hence during implementation it is important to check if these control measures are put in place and are meeting the legal requirement. Training • Ensure constructors carry out suitable training programs on occupational health and safety for workers prior to commencement of construction. • Ensure only experienced and well trained workers are used for the handling of machinery, equipment and material processing plants • Ensure all persons, including managers, are trained and able to carry out their work without risk to the safety or health of themselves, other workers or the public Personal Protective Equipment • Ensure appropriate safety equipment, tools and protect ive clothing are provided to workers and that safe working methods are applied. A safety inspection checklist should be prepared taking into consideration what the workers are supposed to be wearing and monitored. • Any person who works or operates in an area where there is a risk of flying objects, such as splinters, should wear safety goggles at all time. These should be securely fitted to the face. Welders should protect the entire face from hot sparks and bright rays by using a welding mask. • Any person exposed to high levels of dust or hazardous gases (when working in underground drains) should wear respiratory protection in the form of disposal masks or respiratory masks which fit more snugly around the nose and mouth. • Any person working in an area where there is the risk of being struck on the head by a falling or flying object should wear a hard hat at all times. These should be well maintained in order to be fully effective, and any helmets or hard hats that are damaged or cracked should immediately be replaced. • All workers will be required to wear shoes or strong boots to prevent sharp objects from penetrating or crushing the foot. Those working in muddy conditions and in canals with polluted water should avoid hand/foot contact with water and should never wear slippers. 222 • Road workers should wear reflective vests to avoid being hit by moving vehicular traffic. Site Delineation and Warning Signs • Ensure delineation devices such as cones, lights, tubular markers, orange and white strips and barricades are erected to inform oncoming vehicular traffic and pedestrians in the area about work zones. • Ensure all digging and installing work items that are not accomplished are isolated and warned of by signposts and flash lamps in nighttime. • Ensure dangerous warning signs are raised to inform public of particular dangers and to keep the public away from such hazards. • Ensure rehabilitation of trenches progressively once work is completed. • The safety inspection checklist must look to see that the delineation devices are used, whether they are appropriately positioned, if they are easily identifiable and whether they are reflective. Equipment safety • Work zone workers use tools, equipment and machinery that could be dangerous if used incorre ctly or if the equipment malfunctions Inspections must be carried out to test the equipment before it is used, so that worker safety can be secured. Inspections should look for evidence of wear and tear, frays, missing parts and mechanical or electrical problems. Traffic management • Ensure traffic control plans and procedures are in place when work zone is set up and how to handle full or partial road closure, blocked intersections, sidewalk closure etc • Ensure installation of transport signs and light ing systems in conspicuous places to assure transport safety. Transport signs should be installed at places where accidents may be easily happened (populated centers, schools, hospitals, commercial areas etc) Material management Ensure easily flammable materials are not be stored in construction site and that they are transported out of project site Emergency Procedures • Ensure an emergency aid service is in place in the work zone. • Ensure all site staff is properly briefed as to what to do in the event of an emergency, such as who to notify and where to assemble for a head count. This information must be conveyed to employees by the site manager on the first occasion a worker visits the site. Construction camps • Ensure installation of adequate construction camps and sanitation facilities for construction workers to control of transmission of infectious diseases. Information management • Develop and establish contractor’s own procedure for receiving, documenting and addressing complaints that is easily accessible, culturally appropriate and understandable to affected communities. • Provide advance notice to local communities by way of information boards about the schedule of construction activities. Worker consultation • Consulting the workforce on health and safety measures is not only a legal requirement, it is an effective way to ensure that workers are committed to health and safety procedures and improvements. Employees should be consulted on health and safety measures and before the introduction of new technology or products. 223 ILO Guidelines 3 The occupational safety and health management system in the organization Occupational safety and health, including compliance with the OSH requirements pursuant to national laws and regulations, are the responsibility and duty of the employer. The employer should show strong leadership and commitment to OHS activities in the organization, and make appropriate arrangements for the establishment of an OHS management system. The system should contain the main elements of policy, organizing, planning and implementation, evaluation and action for improvement, as shown in figure 2. Figure 2. Main elements of the OHS managements system Policy 3.1. Occupational safety and health policy 3.1.1. The employer, in consultation with workers and their representatives, should set cost in writing an OHS policy, which should be: (a) Specific to the organization and appropriate to its size and nature of its activities; (b) Concise, clearly written, dated and made effective by the signature or endorsement of the employer or the most senior accountable person in the organization; 224 (c) Communicated and readily accessible to all persons at their place of work: (d) Reviewed for continuing suitability: and (e) Made available to relevant external interested parties, as appropriate. 3.1.2. The OSH policy should include, as a minimum, the following key principles and objectives to which the organization is committed; (a) Protecting the safety and health of all members of the organization by preventing work – related injuries, ill health, diseases and incident; (b) Complying with relevant OHS national laws and regulation, voluntary programs, collective agreements on OHS and other requirements to which the organization subscribes; (c) Ensuring that workers and their representative are consulted and encouraged to participate actively in all elements of the OSH management system; and (d) Continually improving the performance of the OSH management system. 3.1.3. The OSH management system should be compatible with or integrated in other management systems in the organization. 3.2. Worker participation 3.2.1. Worker participation is an essential elements of the OSH management system in the organization 3.2.2. The employer should ensure that workers and their safety and health representatives are consulted, informed and trained on all aspects of OSH, including emergency arrangements, associated with their work. 3.2.3. The employer should make arrangements for workers and their safety and health representatives to have the time and resources to participate actively in the processes of organizing, planning and implementation, evaluation and action for improvement of the OSH management system. 3.2.4. The employer should ensure, as appropriate, the establishment and efficient functioning of a safety and health committee and the recognition of workers safety and health representatives, in accordance with national laws and practice. Organizing 3.3. Responsibility and accountability 3.3.1. The employer should have overall responsibility for the protection of workers’ safety and health, and provide leadership for OSH activities in the organization. 3.3.2. The employer and senior management should allocate responsibility, accountability and authority for the development, implementation and performance of the OSH management system and the achievement of the relevant OSH objectives. Structures and processes should be established which; (a) Ensure that OSH is a time – management responsibility which is known and accepted at all levels; (b) Define and communicate to the members of the organization the responsibility, accountability and authority of person who identify, evaluate or control OSH hazards and risks; (c) Provide effective supervision, as necessary, to ensure the protection of workers’ safety and health; (d) Promote cooperation and communication among members of the organization, including workers and their representatives, to implement the elements of the organization’s OSH management system; (e) Fulfil the principles of OSH management system contained in relevant national guidelines, tailored guidelines or voluntary programs, as appropriate, to which the organization subscribes; 225 (f) Establish and implement a clear OSH policy and measurable objectives; (g) Establish effective arrangements to identify and eliminate or control work – related hazards and risks, and promote health at work; (h) Establish prevention and health promotion programmers; (i) Ensure effective arrangements for the full participation of workers are their representatives in the fulfilment of the OSH policy; (j) Provide effective arrangements for the full participation of workers and their representatives in safety and health committees, where they exist. 3.3.3. A person or persons at the senior management level should be appointed, where appropriate, with responsibility, accountability and authority for: (a) The development, implementation, periodic review and evaluation of the OSH management system; (b) Periodic reporting to the senior management on the performance of the OSH management system; and (c) Promoting the participation of all members of organization. 3.4. Competence and training 3.4.1. The necessary OSH competence requirements should be defined by the employer, and arrangements established and maintained to ensure that all person are competent to carry out the safety and health aspects of their duties and responsibilities. 3.4.2. The employer should have, or should have access to, sufficient OSH competence to identify and eliminate or control work- related hazards and risks, and to implement the OSH management system. 3.4.3. Under the arrangement referred to in paragraph 3.4.1.training programmes should: (a) Cover all members of the organization, as appropriate; (b) Be conducted by competent persons; (c) Provide effective and timely initial and refresher training at appropriate intervals; (d) Include participants’ evaluation of their comprehension and retention of the training; (e) Be reviewed periodically. The review should include the safety and health committee, where it exists, and the training programmes, modified as necessary to ensure their relevance and effectiveness; and (f) Be documented, as appropriate and according to the size and nature of activity of the organization. 3.4.4. Training should be provided to all participants at no cost and should take place during working hours, if possible. 3.5. Occupational safety and health management system documentation 3.5.1. According to the size and nature of activity of the organization, OSH management system documentation should be established and maintained, and may cover; (a) The OSH policy and objectives of the organization; (b) The allocated key OSH management roles and responsibilities for the implementation of the OSH management system; (c) The significant OSH hazards/risks arising from the organization’s activities, and the arrangements for their prevention and control; and (d) Arrangements, procedures, instructions or other internal documents used within the framework of the OSH management system. 3.5.2. The OSH management system documentation should be: (a) Clearly written and presented in a way that is understood by those who have to use it; and (b) Periodically reviewed, revised as necessary, communicated and readily accessible to all appropriate or affected members of the organization. 226 3.5.3. OSH records should be established, managed and maintained locally and according to the needs of the organization. They should be identifiable and traceable, and their retention times should be specified. 3.5.4. Workers should have the right to access records relevant to their working environment and health, while respecting the need for confidentiality. 3.5.5. OSH records may include: (a) Records arising from the implementation of the OSH management system; (b) Records of work- related injuries, ill health, diseases and incidents; (c) Records arising from national laws or regulations dealing with OSH; (d) Records of workers’ exposures, surveillance of the working environment and workers’ health; and (e) The results of both active and reactive monitoring. 3.6. Communication 3.6.1. Arrangement and procedures should be established and maintained for: (a) Receiving, documenting and responding appropriately to internal and external communications related to OSH; (b) Ensuring the internal communication of OSH information between relevant levels and functions of the organization; and (c) Ensuring that the concerns, ideas and inputs of workers and their representatives on OSH matters are received, considered and responded to. Planning and implementation 3.7. Initial review 3.7.1. The organization’s existing OSH management system and relevant arrangements should be evaluated by an initial review, as appropriate. In the case where no OSH management system exists, or if the organization is newly established, the initial review should serve as a basis for establishing an OSH management system. 3.7.2. The initial review should be carried out by competent persons, in consultation with workers and / or their representatives, as appropriate. It should: (a) Identify and current applicable national laws and regulations, national guidelines, tailored guidelines, voluntary programmes and other requirements to which the organization subscribes; (b) Identify, anticipate and assess hazards and risks to safety and health arising from the existing or proposed work environment and work organization; and (c) Determine whether planned or existing controls are adequate to eliminate hazards or control risks; and (d) Analyze the data provided from workers’ health surveillance. 3.7.3. The result of the initial review should: (a) Be documented; (b) Become the basis for marking decisions regarding the implementation of the OSH management system; and (c) Providing a baseline from which continual improvement of the organization’s OSH management system can be measured. 227 3.8. System planning, development and implementation 3.8.1. The purpose of planning should be to create on OSH management system that supports: (a) As the minimum, compliance with national laws and regulations; (b) The elements of the organization’s OSH management system; and (c) Continual improvement in OSH performance. 3.8.2. Arrangement should be made for adequate and appropriate OSH planning, based on the results of the initial review, subsequent reviews or other available data. These planning arrangements should contribute to the protection of safety and health at work, and should include; (a) A clear definition, priority setting and quantification, where appropriate, of the organization’s OSH objectives; (b) The preparation of a plan for achieving each objective, with defined responsibility and clear performance criteria indicating what is to be done by whom and when; (c) The selection of measurement criteria for confirming that the objectives are achieved; and (d) The provision of adequate resources, including Harran and financial resources and technical support, as appropriate. 3.8.3. The OSH planning arrangements of the organization should cover the development and implementation of all the OHS management system elements, as described in Chapter 3 of these guidelines and illustrated in figure 2. 3.9. Occupational safety and health objectives 3.9.1. Consistent with the OSH policy and based on the initial or subsequent reviews, measurable OSH objectives should be established, which are: (a) Specific to the organization, and appropriate to and according to its size and nature of activity; (b) Consistent with the relevant and applicable national laws and regulations, and the technical and business obligations of the organization, with regard to OSH; (c) Focused towards continually improving workers’ OSH Protection to achieve the best OSH performance; (d) Realistic and achievable; (e) Documented, and communicated to all relevant functions and levels of the organization; and (f) Periodically evaluated and if necessary updated. 3.10 Hazard prevention 3.10.1. Prevention and control measures 3.10.1.1. Hazards and risks to workers’ safety and health should be identified and assessed on an ongoing basis. Preventive and protective measures should be implemented in the following order of priority; (a) Eliminate the hazard/risk; (b) Control the hazard/risk at source, through the use of engineering controls or organizational measures; (c) Minimize the hazard/risk by the design of safe work systems, which include administrative control measures; and (d) Where residual hazard/risk cannot be controlled by collective measures, the employer should provide for appropriate personal protective equipment, including clothing, at no cost, and should implement measures to ensure its use and maintenance. 3.10.1.2. Hazard prevention and control procedures of arrangements should be established and should: (a) Be adapted to the hazards and risks encountered by the organization ; (b) Be reviewed and modified if necessary on a regular basis; (c) Comply with national laws and regulations, and reflect good practice; and 228 (d) Consider the current state of knowledge, including information or reports from organizations, such as labour inspectorates, occupational safety and health services, and other services as appropriate. 3.10.2. Management of change 3.10.2. The impact on OSH of intimal changes (such as those in staffing or due to new processes, working procedures, organizational structures or acquisitions) and of external changes (for example, as a result of amendments of national laws and regulations, organizational mergers, and developments in OSH knowledge and technology) should be evaluated and appropriate preventive steps taken prior to the introduction of changes. 3.10.2.2. A workplace hazard identification and risk assessment should be carried out before any modification or introduction of new work methods, materials, processes or machinery. Such assessment should be done in consultation with and involving workers and their representatives, and the safety and health committee, where appropriate. 3.10.2.3. The implementation of a “decision to change” should ensure that all affected members of the organization are properly informed and trained. 3.10.3. Emergency prevention, preparedness and response 3.10.3.1. Emergency prevention, preparedness and response arrangements should be established and maintained. These arrangements should identify the potential for accidents and emergency situations, and address the prevention of Osh risks associated with them. The arrangements should be made according to the size and nature of activity of the organization. They should; (a) Ensure that the necessary information, internal communication and coordination are provided to protect all people in the event of an emergency at the worksite; (b) Provide information to, and communication with the relevant competent authorities, and the neighborhood and emergency response services; (c) Address first – aid and medical assistance, firefighting and evacuation of all people at the worksite; and (d) Provide relevant information and training to all members of the organization, at all levels, including regular exercises in emergency prevention, preparedness and responses procedures. 3.10.3.2. Emergency prevention, preparedness and response arrangements should be established in cooperation with external emergency services and other bodies where applicable. 3.10.4. Procurement 3.10.4.1. Procedures should be established and maintained to ensure that: (a) Compliance with safety and health requirements for the organization is identified. evaluation and incorporated into purchasing and leasing specifications; (b) National laws and regulations and the organizations own OSH requirements are identified prior to the procurement of goods and services; and (c) Arrangement are made to achieve conformance to the requirements prior to their use. 3.10.5. Contracting 3.10.5.1. Arrangements should be established and maintained for ensuring that the organization’s safety and health requirements, or at least the equivalent, are applied to contractors and their workers. 3.10.5.2. Arrangements for contractors working on site should: (a) Include OSH criteria in procedures for evaluating and selecting contractors; (b) Establish effective ongoing communication and coordination between appropriate levels of the organization and the contractor prior to commencing work. This should include provisions for communicating hazards and the measures to prevent and control them; 229 (c) Include arrangement for reporting of work-related injuries, ill health, diseases and incidents among the contractors’ workers while performing work for the organization; (d) Provide relevant workplace safety and health hazard awareness and training to contractors or their workers prior to commencing work and as work progresses, as necessary; (e) Regularly monitor OSH performance of contractor activities on site; and (f) Ensure that on- site OSH performance of contractor activities on site; and (g) Ensure that on-site OSH procedure and arrangements are followed by the contractor(s). Evaluation 3.11. Performance monitoring and measurement 3.11.1. Procedures to monitor, measure and record OSH performance on a regular basis should be developed, established and periodically reviewed. Responsibility, accountability and authority for monitoring at different levels in the management structure should be allocated. 3.11.2. The selection of performance, indicators should be according to the size and nature of activity of the organization and the OSH objectives. 3.11.3. Both qualitative and quantitative measures appropriate to the needs of the organization should be considered. These should; (a) Be based on the organization’s identified hazards and risks, the commitments in the OSH policy and the OSH objectives; and (b) Support the organization’s evaluation process, including the management review. 3.11.4. Performance monitoring and measurement should: (a) Be used as a means of determining the extent t which OSH policy and objectives are being implemented and risks are controlled; (b) Include both active and reactive monitoring, and not be based only upon work-related injury, ill health, disease and incident statistics; and (c) Be recorded. 3.11.5. Monitoring should provide; (a) Feedback on OSH performance; (b) Information to determine whether the day-to-day arrangements for hazard and risk identification, prevention and control are in place and operating effectively; and (c) The basis for decisions about improvement in hazard identification and risk control, and the OSH management system. 3.11.6. Active monitoring should contain the elements necessary to have a proactive system and should include; (a) monitoring of the achievement of specific plans, established performance criteria and objectives; (b) the systematic inspection of work systems, premises, plant and equipment; (c) surveillance of working environment, including work organization; (d) surveillance of workers’ health, where appropriate, through suitable medical monitoring or follow- up of workers for early detection of signs and symptoms of harm to health in order to determine the effectiveness of prevention and control measures; and (e) compliance with applicable national laws and regulations, collective agreements and other commitments on OSH to which the organization subscribes. 3.11.7. Reactive monitoring should include the identification, reporting and investigation of; 230 (a) work-related injuries, ill health (including monitoring of aggregate sickness absence records), diseases and incidents; (b) other losses, such as damage to property; (c) deficient safety and health performance, and OSH management system failures; and (d) Workers’ rehabilitation and health-restoration programmes. 3.12. Investigation of work-related injuries, ill health, diseases and incidents, and their impact on safety and health performance 3.12.1. The investigation of the origin and underlying causes of work-related injuries, ill health, diseases and incidents should identify any failures in the OSH management system and should be documented. 3.12.2. Such investigations should be carried out by competent persons, with the appropriate participation of workers and their representatives. 3.12.3. The results of such investigations, should be communicated to the safety and health committee, where it exists, and the committee should make appropriate recommendations. 3.12.4. The results of investigations, in addition to any recommendations from the safety and health committee, should be communicated to appropriate persons for corrective action, included in the management review and considered for continual improvement activities. 3.12.5. The corrective action resulting from such investigations should be implemented in order to avoid repetition of work-related injuries, ill health, diseases and incidents. 3.12.6. Reports produced by external investigative agencies, such as inspectorates and social insurance institutions, should be acted upon in the same manner as internal investigations, taking into account issues of confidentiality. 3.13 Audit 3.13.1. Arrangements to conduct periodic audits are to be established in order to determine whether the OSH management system and its elements are in place, adequate, and effective in protecting the safety and health of workers and preventing incidents. 3.13.2. An audit policy and programme should be developed, which including designation of auditor competency, the audit scope, the frequency of audits, audit mythology and reporting. 3.13.3. The audit includes an evaluation of the organization’s OSH management system elements or a subset of these, as appropriate. The audit should cover. (a) OSH policy; (b) Worker participation; (c) Responsibility and accountability; (d) Competence and training; (e) OSH management system documentation; (f) Communication; (g) System planning, development and implementation; (h) Prevention and control measures; (i) Management of change; (j) Emergency prevention, (k) Procurement; (l) Contracting; (m) Performance monitoring and measurement; (n) Investigation of work-related injuries, ill health diseases and incidents, and their impact on safety and health performance; (o) Audit; (p) Management review; 231 (q) Preventive and corrective action; (r) Continual improvement; and (s) any other audit criteria or elements that may be appropriate. 3.13.4. The audit conclusion should determine whether the implemented OSH management system elements or a subset of these; (a) are effective in meeting the organization’s OSH policy and objectives; (b) are effective in promoting full worker participation; (c) respond to the results of OSH performance evaluation and previous audits; (d) enable the organization to achieve compliance with relevant national laws and regulations; and (e) fulfil the goals of continual improvement and best OSH practice. 3.13.5. Audits should be conducted by competent persons internal or external to the organization who are independent of the activity being audited. 3.13.6. The audit results and audit conclusions should be communicated to those responsible for corrective action. 3.13.7. Consultation on selection of the auditor and all stages of the workplace audit, including analysis of results, are subject to worker participation, as appropriate. 3.14. Management review 3.14.1. Management reviews should: (a) evaluate the overall strategy of the OSH management system to determine whether it meets planned performance objectives; (b) evaluate the OSH management system’s ability to meet the overall needs of the organization and its stakeholders, including its workers and the regulatory authorities; (c) evaluate the need for changes to the OSH management system, including OSH policy and objectives; (d) identify what action is necessary to remedy any deficiencies in a timely manner, including adaptations of other aspects of the organization’s management structure and performance measurement; (e) provide the feedback direction, including the determination of priorities, for meaningful planning and continual improvement; (f) evaluate progress towards the organization’s OSH objectives and corrective action activities; and (g) evaluate the effectiveness of follow-up actions from earlier management reviews. 3.14.2. The frequency and scope of periodic reviews of the OSH management system by the organization’s needs and conditions. 3.14.3. The management review should consider; (a) the results of work-relate injuries, ill health, diseases and incident investigations; performance monitoring and measurement; and audit activities; and (b) additional internal and external inputs as well as changes, including organizational changes, that could affect the OSH management system. 3.14.4. The findings of the management review should be recorded and formally communicated to; (a) the persons responsible for the relevant element(s) of the OSH management system so that they many take appropriate action; and (b) the safety and health committee, workers and their representatives. 232 Action for improvement 3.15. Preventive and corrective action 3.15.1. Arrangements should be established and maintained for preventive and corrective action resulting from OSH management system performance monitoring and measurement, OSH management system audits and management reviews. These arrangements should include; (a) identifying and analyzing the root causes of any non-conformities with relevant OSH regulations and/or OSH management systems arrangements; and (b) initiating, planning, implementing, checking the effectiveness of and documenting corrective and preventive action, including changes to the OSH management system itself. 3.15.2. When the evaluation of the OSH management system or other sources show that preventive and protective measures for hazards and risks are inadequate or likely to become inadequate, the measures should be addressed according to the recognized hierarchy of prevention and control measures, and completed and documented, as appropriate and in a timely manner. 3.16. Continual improvement 3.16.1. Arrangements should be established and maintained for the continual improvement of the relevant elements of the OSH management system and the system as a whole. These arrangements should take into account; (a) the OSH objectives of the organization; (b) the results of hazard and risk identifications and assessments; (c) the results of performance monitoring and measurements; (d) the investigation of work-related injuries, diseases, ill health and incidents, and the results and recommendations of audits; (e) the outcomes of the management review; (f) the recommendations for improvement from all members of the organization, including the safety and health committee, voluntary programmes and collective agreements; (g) changes in national laws and regulations, voluntary programmes and collective agreements; (h) new relevant information; and (i) the results of health protection and promotion programmes. 3.16.2. The safety and health processes and performance of the organization should be compared with others in order to improve health and safety performance. 233 Annex 17: Chance finds procedures Contracts for civil works involving earth moving and excavation activities, especially in known archaeological and heritage areas, should normally incorporate procedures for dealing with situations in which buried PCRs are unexpectedly exposed. Recognition of unknown PCRs – This is the most difficult aspect to cover, especially if the contractor is not full-time accompanied by a specialist. For SCDP contracts, an initial consultation with the Department of Archaeology should be held before work commencement to identify the likelihood of such material being uncovered, especially where trenching work is expected for pipe laying etc. Upon discovery of such material during execution of work, the contractor should carry out the following; • Immediately stop construction activities. • With the approval of the resident engineer delineate the discovered site area. • Secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects. In case of removable antiquities or sensitive remains, a night guard should be present until the responsible authority takes over. • Through the Resident Engineer, notify the responsible authorities, the Department of Archaeology and local authorities within 24 hours. • Submit a brief chance find report, within a specified time period, with date and time of discovery, location of discovery, description of finding, estimated weight and dimension of PCR and temporary protection implemented. • Responsible authorities would be in charge of protecting and preserving the site before deciding on the proper procedures to be carried out. • An evaluation of the finding will be performed by the Department of Archaeology who may decide to either remove the PCR deemed to be of significance, further excavate within a specified distance of the discovery point and conserve on-site, and/or extend/reduce the areas demarcated by the contractor etc. This should ideally take place within about 7 days. • Construction work could resume only when permission is given from the Department of Archaeology after the decision concerning the safeguard of the heritage is fully executed. 234 Annex 18: Terms of Reference for Recruitment of Environmental Safeguard Officer 1. Objectives To ensure proper implementation of environmental safeguard compliance activities through an appointment of the Safeguard Officer (Environment) who shall assist the Engineer to delegate his duties as required in the ESMP for the subproject. 2. Scope of work The Contractor through an appointed dedicated Safeguard Officer (Environmental) shall assist the Engineer to delegate his duties as required in the ESMP recommendations implementation by The contractor through an appointment of dedicated / qualified environmental safeguard officer shall be responsible in implementation of ESMP requirement by a) Maintaining up-to-date records on actions taken by the contractor with regards to implementation of ESMP recommendations. b) Ensure specific safety procedures as per the recommendations by the Safety Advisor c) Carrying out job safety analysis and implement appropriate actions together with the safety officer. d) Regular site inspections and close monitoring of implementation of measures specified in Factory Ordinance, ILO Guidelines, SCDP Environmental Management and Assessment Framework Guidelines, IFC Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines e) Timely (weekly) submission of reports, information and data to the Project Management Unit (PMU) / Deputy Project Director (Technical) of SCDP through Supervision consultant (SC). f) Participating in the meetings conveyed by the Engineer and g) Any other assistance requested by the Engineer. The Contractor shall appoint experienced Safeguard Officer (Environmental) following the award of the contract. The Safeguard Officer (Environmental) will be the primary focal point of contact for the assistance with all environmental issues during the pre-construction and construction phases. He/ She shall be responsible for ensuring the implementation of ESMP recommendations. The appointed officer should be available on the site fulltime basis during the project period. In addition, Safeguard Officer (Environmental) should prepare an Environmental Management and Social Action Plan in line with ESMP, and submit to the Engineer along with the construction method statement. The Safeguard Officer (Environmental) will promptly investigate and review environmental and social related complaints and implement the appropriate corrective actions to arrest or mitigate the cause of the complaints as specified in the Grievance Redress Mechanism under the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) of SCDP. A register of all complaints is to be passed to the Engineer within 24 hrs. They are received, with the action taken by the Safeguard Officer (Environmental) on complains thereof. In addition, Safeguard Officer required to perform following tasks as well; 235 1. Participation for the periodic Grievance Redress Committee Meetings at Local and PMU Level 2. Coordinate and liaise with PIU at Kandy related environmental and social activities 3. Support and coordinate with PMU Environmental Safeguard team in carrying out the monitoring assessments such as baseline surveys, progress review, mid-term review, etc. 4. Take actions to mainstream project activities during the period. 5. Take proactive decisions to avoid anticipated social & environmental impacts due to construction. 6. Identify the potential environment and social safeguards issues in accordance provided ESMP/ /EAMF 3. Qualifications required Dedicated / experienced Safeguard Officer (Environmental) should possess a Bachelor of Science Degree with minimum 3 years of experiences in the similar capacity or Diploma in relevant field with minimum eight (8) years of experiences and out of that three (3) years experiences in the similar capacity. Preferably, experiences in specific project related works is required. Acceptable Qualification on Occupational Health Safety (OHS) (preferably OSHA/NEBOSH) and related experience is also required. It is essential to have both Sinhala & English language ability (Writing /Speaking) and Computer Knowledge of MS Office. . 4. Duty Station Duty station will be in Kandy closer to the Project site. ___________________________________________________________________________ Abbreviation: ESMP - Environment Management Plan EMF - Environment Management framework RPF - Resettlement Policy Framework SSR- Social Screening Report SIMP - Social Impact Mitigation Plan 236 Annex 19: Socio-Economic Profile of Affected Persons This annex provides the socio-economic statistics of the affected persons in support of the narratives provided in section 5.2 of the main report. This section has been sources from the SIA conducted as part of the preparation of the RAP in December 2017. A short introduction to different categories of APs is provided in the table below. Introduction to AP categories SN AP Category Description 1 KMC leaseholder A vendor who operates business activities in a KMC-owned business operator business structure that is obtained directly from KMC on a formal agreement (kadalabin) 2 SLR leaseholder A vendor who is operating business activities in a business business operator structure built by him/her on land belonging to SLR or on a structure owned by SLR, a nd is obtained directly by him/her on a formal agreement. 3 Idakada business A vendor who is operating business activities in a temporary or operator semi-permanent structure erected on an encroached land in GSBS without title or formal agreement with the authorities, but has nevertheless obtained a tacit approval and acknowledgement from KMC in the form of an entry in the KMC’s Idakada lekanaya—a document simply stating that the unspecified extent of space (idakada) was provided to the specified person for engaging in trade on a temporary basis. 4 Titleholder A vendor who operates business activities in his/her own private business operator property and has a title to the land and business structure. 5 Tenant business A vendor who has rented a business structure through a mutual operator of KMC agreement with a KMC’s primary leaseholder and carries out leaseholder business activities therein. The KMC is not involved in this transaction with such a third party which violates the terms and conditions laid out in the original agreement between the KMC and the leaseholder. Thus, for all intentions and purposes, the original leaseholder remains the operating party in KMC records. 6 Tenant business A vendor who has rented a business structure through a mutual operator of SLR agreement with a primary leaseholder from SLR and carries out leaseholder business activities therein. The SLR is not involved in this transaction with such a third party, and for all intentions and purposes, the original leaseholder remains the operating party in official records. 7 Tenant of Idakada A vendor who has rented the temporary or semi-permanent occupier structure from an idakada occupant on the basis of rent payment to the latter. KMC is not involved in this transaction with such a third 237 SN AP Category Description party and in KMC records, only the name of the original idakada occupant is mentioned. 8 Tenant of A tenant business operator of a private titleholder who may or may titleholder not have entered into a formal rental agreement with the owner for the purpose of his/her commercial undertaking. 9 KMC leaseholder A leaseholder of a KMC business structure who instead of operating (kadalabin) rentier his/her own business in the said structure, has rented out the business structure to a business operator and thereby earns a rental income. The difference between what the leaseholder pays to KMC and what s/he draws from the business operator as a rent figures as the net income from the lease held with KMC. 10 SLR leaseholder A leaseholder of a business structure built on SLR land or a rentier structure belonging to SLR who instead of operating his/her own business in the said structure/land, has rented out the premise to another operator. The difference between what the leaseholder pays to SLR and what s/he receives from the operating tenant as rent, figures as the net income from the lease held with SLR. 11 Idakada An Idakada occupier (a KMC sanctioned non-titled business holder) occupier rentier who has rented out his/her business premise (land/structures) to another business operator on a rental basis. As the Idakada occupiers do not make any rent payment to KMC, the entire rent s/he receives from the tenant remains as his/her net income from the concerned structure. 12 Titleholder rentier A titleholder of a business property who has rented out his/her property to a business operator on the basis of a written or a verbal agreement. 13 Mobile vendor A vendor who engages in mobile trade in GSBS whether or not registered with KMC or RPTA. A mobile vendor may move from place to place carrying his/her merchandise on head or in a cart or operate from a fixed place along the way to GSBS or inside a bus shelter. Some mobile vendors board buses with their merchandise packed in a tray or basket (tattuwa). 14 Shop assistant A contractual or casual employee employed by a business enterprise located within the GSBS or IBZ. 15 Three-wheel A three-wheel taxi operator working mainly out of the three three- operator wheel parks serving the GSBS. They may be owner operators or hired drivers and may or mot not be registered with RPTA. 16 Titleholder Landowners with secure land tenure who are affected by the landowners project because of acquisition of part of their properties for project purposes 17 Operators of Operators of public utilities such as toilets and bus parks who are Public Utilities engaged on a contractual basis in GSBS and one of the transitional sites 238 SN AP Category Description 18 Employees in Persons employed in such public utilities (e.g., public toilets, bus Public Utilities parks) who will lose employment due to permanent demolition of the concerned public utilities by the project Populations Affected by KMTT 15. The KMTT will have significant resettlement impacts largely on the business population operating within its construction footprint, i.e., the technical boundary (ITB) and its immediate buffer zone (IBZ). Altogether, the project will affect a total population of 820 persons who include 726 men and 94 women. Details of the affected population are presented in Table 1 below. Table 1: KMTT project affected persons by category SN AP Category ITB IBZ Transitional sites Total Business Operators 1 KMC leaseholder business operators 7 - - 7 2 SLR leaseholder business operators 4 1 - 5 3 Idakada business operators 15 - - 15 4 Titleholder business operators - 7 - 7 Sub-total 26 8 34 Tenant Business Operators 5 Tenant business operators of KMC leaseholders 87 - - 87 6 Tenant business operators of SLR Leaseholders 2 - - 2 7 Tenant business operators of Idakada occupants 18 - - 18 8 Tenant business operators of titleholders - 20 - 20 Sub-total 107 20 127 Rentiers of Business Premises 9 KMC leaseholder (kadalabin) Rentiers 137 - - 137 10 SLR leaseholder rentiers 1 - - 1 11 Idakada occupant rentiers 43 - - 43 12 Titleholder rentiers - 11 - 11 Sub-total 181 11 - 192 Others 13 Mobile Vendors 150 - - 150 14 Shop Assistants 132 113 - 245 15 Three wheel operators 65 - - 65 16 Titleholder landowners 2 - - 2 Sub-total 349 113 - 462 Operators of Public Utilities in GSBS and Bogambara Transitional Site 17 Leaseholders providing public utilities 1 - 2 3 18 Employees public utilities - - 2 2 Sub-total 1 - 4 5 TOTAL 664 152 4 820 Source: Social Impact Assessment, December 2017 239 Affected households of APs by category Table 2: Affected household population of APs by category SN AP Category No. APs Household Population % Business Operators 1 KMC leaseholder business operators 7 25 0.68 2 SLR leaseholder business operators 5 17 0.46 3 Idakada business operators 15 70 1.90 4 Titleholder business operators 7 24 0.65 Sub-total 34 136 3.69 Tenant Business Operators 5 Tenant business operators of KMC leaseholders 87 434 11.77 6 Tenant business operators of SLR Leaseholders 2 8 0.22 7 Tenant business operators of Idakada occupants 18 91 2.47 8 Tenant business operators of titleholders 20 82 2.22 Sub-total 127 615 16.68 Rentiers of Business Premises 9 KMC leaseholder (kadalabin) Rentiers 137 597 16.19 10 SLR leaseholder rentiers 1 5 0.14 11 Idakada occupant rentiers 43 165 4.47 12 Titleholder rentiers 11 25 0.68 Sub-total 192 792 21.48 Others 13 Mobile Vendors 150 730 19.79 14 Shop Assistants 245 1,082 29.34 15 Three wheel operators 65 312 8.46 16 Titleholder landowners 2 6 0.16 Sub-total 462 2,130 57.75 Occupants of Public Spaces for Livelihoods 17 Operators of public utilities 3 8 0.22 18 Employees in such public utilities 2 7 0.19 Sub-total 5 15 0.41 TOTAL 820 3,688 100.00 Source: Social Impact Assessment, December 2017 Economic and Livelihood Impacts Table3: Resettlement Impacts on business units occupied by titleholders, leaseholder/Non- titleholder business operators, tenant business operators, and rentiers Ownership/ Type of resettlement AP Category tenurial No. APs No. Units Occupied impact rights KMC 7 11 Fully affected Titleholder, Leaseholder 4 4 Fully affected SLR or Non-titleholder business 1 1 No structural damages operators Idakada 15 17 Fully affected Titleholders 7 7 No structural damages 240 1 Partially affected Sub-Total 34 41 KMC 87 142 Fully affected SLR 2 2 Fully affected Idakada Tenant business operators 18 48 Fully affected tenants Tenants of 20 20 No structural damage titleholders Sub-Total 127 212 KMC 137 142 Fully affected Rentiers of business SLR 1 2 Fully affected operators Idakada 43 48 Fully affected Titleholders 11 20 No structural damage Sub-Total 192 212 Source: Social Impact Assessment, December 2017 Note: The rentier of the business operators have rented business premises to the tenants business operators. Hence, the total number of business structure to be affected is 253 (which includes 28 commericial structures that will be temporarily affected). The resettlement impacts on the relevant categories of business operators are summarized in Table 4 below. Table 4: Summary of resettlement impacts on business operators KMC SLR SLR Idakada Titleholder leaseholder leaseholder leaseholder business business Resettlement impacts business business business operators operators in operators in operators in operators in in ITB IBZ ITB ITB IBZ Loss of business premises (mean floor 177 117 997 47 1,341 area in sq.ft) Loss of capital investments on structures, structural improvements, 400,857 552,125 3,400,000 118,853 2,475,083 equipment & furniture (mean investment in SLRs.) Loss of business income (mean monthly incomes 66,857 71,250 35,000 69,900 240,428 in SLRs.) Source: Social Impact Assessment, December 2017 The resettlement impacts on tenant business operators are summarized in Table 5. Table 5: Summary resettlement impacts on tenant business operators Tenants of Tenants of KMC Tenants of SLR Tenants of Idakada Resettlement impacts leaseholders in leaseholders in titleholders in occupiers in ITB ITB IBZ ITB Loss of business premises (mean 110 1,030 31 370 floor area in sq.ft) 241 Loss of capital investments on structures, structural improvements, equipment & 484,588 282,500 368,317 865,775 furniture (mean investment in SLRs.) Loss of business income (mean 98,408 180,000 101,208 139,850 monthly incomes in SLRs.) Source: Social Impact Assessment, December 2017 Table 6 below presents the summary resettlement impacts on the four types of rentier population. Table 6: Resettlement impacts on the rentier population KMC SLR Idakada Titleholder Resettlement impacts rentiers in Rentier in rentiers in rentiers in ITB ITB ITB IBZ Loss of business structures (mean floor area in 54 85 22 532 sq.ft) Loss of capital investments on structures/structural improvements (mean 114,504 180,000 82,894 NA investment in SLRs.) Loss of monthly rental incomes (mean income 15,523 21,000 24,539 175,045 in SLRs.) Source: Social Impact Assessment, December 2017 Resettlement Impacts on Employees of Sri Lanka Railways The KMTT project extends to Kandy railway premises where there will be some project related constructions that will require demolition of some existing railway quarters and workers’ rest rooms. Specifically, the project will cause demolition of 9 buildings containing 52 residential and resting units occupied by 52 staff members together with 45 members of their families, and 4 other vacant units belonging to SLR (Table 7). Table 7: Details of railway workers to be relocated No. Units No. Railway worker Type of quarters Number of No. Family category occupied Buildings Occupied Vacant workers members Engine Driver Flats 2 1 2 9 1 Guard Flats 2 1 2 8 Engine Driver/Guard Bungalow 1 11 11 0 Engine Driver/Guard Outstation rest rooms 1 10 10 0 Assistant Engine Driver Outstation rest rooms 1 18 18 0 Labourer Labourer quarters 5 9 2 9 28 TOTAL 9 52 4 52 45 Source: Social Impact Assessment, December 2017 Land Acquisition and Related Impacts on Private Individuals Construction of KMTT requires the acquisition of private land with an extent of 0.0189ha. The land to be acquired from 2 private individuals will be used for the erection of the skywalk to the KMTT. Land acquisitions will have partial impacts on one commercial establishment situated 242 along Sirimavo Bandaranayaka Mawatha operated by one individual and full impact on an abandoned commercial land adjoining Peradeniya Road owned by the another individual (Profile of APs is given in Table 8). Compensation for the acquired land and structures will be paid at replacement cost as provided in the Land Acquisition Act of 1950, Land Acquisition Regulations of 2013, and the RPF prepared under SCDP. Table 8: Profile of APs Land Extent (Perch) Impact on Structure To be Monthly Name Of AP Gender Existing acquire % Type Sq.ft. Profit (SLRs) d 780,000 K.D.U. Karunaratne Female 20.0 1.48 7.4 Hotel & Eatery 200.0 Sub structure R.M. Jinasena Male 4.5 4.5 100.0 (Basement of 800.0 NA building) 780,000 Total 5.98 1,000.0 Socioeconomic Profile of the Affected Persons This section provides a socio-economic profile of the 820 project-affected persons of different categories based on data gathered during the census survey. Place of Residence Table 9: Distribution of APs by place of residence KMC Area/ Gagawata DSD Nearby Elsewhere Outside AP Category Nearby Elsewhere in Total DSDs in district district Neighborhoods KMC/Gangawata Titleholder, Leaseholder and Non-titleholder business 8 10 11 3 2 34 operators Tenant business operators 34 23 37 24 9 127 Rentiers of business premises 58 64 50 16 4 192 Mobile vendors 59 11 31 39 10 150 Shop assistants 29 23 70 101 22 245 Three wheel operators 37 11 14 3 0 65 Titleholder land owners 2 0 0 0 0 2 Operators of public utilities 2 - - - 3 5 Total 229 142 213 186 50 820 Percentage 28.0 17.0 26.0 23.0 6.0 100 Source: Social Impact Assessment, December 2017 243 Length of operations in GSBS Table 10: Length of operation in GSBS by category of AP (Years of operation in GSBS) <3 3-5 5-10 10-25 >25 Mean No. AP Category Total years Years Years Years Years Years Titleholder, Leaseholder and Non- 2 4 6 18 4 34 17.24 titleholder business operators Tenant business operators 38 11 30 44 4 127 9.02 Rentiers of business premises 10 10 17 136 19 192 16.01 Mobile vendors 5 5 20 65 55 150 21.85 Shop assistants 93 42 56 48 6 245 7.35 Three wheel operators 3 3 8 43 8 65 16.92 Titleholder land owner - 0 - - 2 2 Operators of public utilities 5 - - - - 5 3 Total 156 75 137 354 98 820 Percentage 19.0 9.1 16.7 43.2 12.0 100 Source: Social Impact Assessment, December 2017 Demographic characteristics Gender Table 12: Gender distribution of APs Gender No. AP Category Total Male Female Business Operators 1 KMC leaseholder business operators 5 2 7 2 SLR leaseholder business operators 4 1 5 3 Idakada business operators 10 5 15 4 Titleholder business operators 5 2 7 Sub-total 24 10 34 Tenant Business Operators 5 Tenant business operators of KMC leaseholders 84 3 87 6 Tenant business operators of SLR Leaseholders 1 1 2 7 Tenant business operators of Idakada occupants 14 4 18 8 Tenant business operators of titleholders 18 2 20 Sub-total 117 10 127 Rentiers of Business Premises 9 KMC leaseholder (kadalabin) Rentiers 105 32 137 10 SLR leaseholder rentiers 1 - 1 11 Idakada occupant rentiers 37 6 43 12 Titleholder rentiers 11 - 11 Sub-total 154 38 192 Others 13 Mobile Vendors 137 13 150 14 Shop Assistants 224 21 245 15 Three wheel operators 65 - 65 16 Titleholder landowners 1 1 2 Sub-total 427 35 461 Operators of Public Utilities in GSBS and Bogambara Site 17 Operators of public utilities 2 1 3 18 Employees in public utilities 2 - 2 244 Sub-total 4 1 5 TOTAL 726 94 820 Source: Social Impact Assessment, December 2017 Age composition Table 1: Age distribution of APs Age (in years) AP Category 16-30 31-45 46-60 60 + Total Nos % Nos % Nos % Nos % Titleholder, Leaseholder and Non-titleholder 2 6 11 32 13 38 8 24 34 business operators Tenant business operators 20 16 64 50 37 29 6 5 127 Rentiers of business 5 3 30 16 98 51 59 31 192 premises Mobile vendors 9 6 56 37 68 45 17 11 150 Shop assistants 67 27 67 27 71 29 40 16 245 Three wheel operators 8 12 34 52 23 35 - 65 Titleholder landowners - - 1 50 1 50 2 Operators of public - 1 20 4 80 - 5 utilities Total 111 14 263 32 315 38 131 16 820 Source: Social Impact Assessment, December 2017 Education Table 14: Educational Level of APs Educational Levels AP Category No Up to Grade GCE OL/ Total schooling 9 AL Titleholder, Leaseholder and non-titleholder business - 9 25 34 operators Tenant business operators 2 23 102 127 Rentiers of business premises 16 54 122 192 Mobile vendors 18 82 50 150 Shop assistants 7 87 151 245 Three wheel operators 1 17 47 65 Titleholder landowners - 1 1 2 Operators of public utilities - 2 3 5 Total 44 275 501 820 % 5.4 33.5 61.1 100 Source: Social Impact Assessment, December 2017 Household composition The majority of APs’ households (69%) constitute nuclear families, and the rest, are in extended family arrangements. The percentage of extended families is roughly similar across all categories 245 of APs with operators of public utilities and titleholder landowners reporting the highest presence of extended families. Table 15: Household composition of APs by category of AP Household composition AP Category Nuclear Extended Total No % No % Titleholder, Leaseholder and non-titleholder business operators 28 82.4 6 17.6 34 Tenant business operators 78 61.4 49 38.6 127 Rentiers of business premises 141 73.4 51 26.6 192 Mobile vendors 94 62.7 56 37.3 150 Shop assistants 179 73.1 66 26.9 245 Three wheel operators 45 69.2 20 30.8 65 Titleholder landowners 1 50 1 50 2 Operators of public utilities 2 25 3 75 5 Total 568 69.3 252 31 820 Source: Social Impact Assessment, December 2017 Ethnicity and religion Table 16: Distribution of different categories of APs by ethnicity Distribution of ethnic groups AP Category Sinhalese Tamil Muslims Other Total No % No % No % No % Titleholder, Leaseholder and non-titleholder 30 88.2 1 2.9 3 8.8 0 0 34 business operators Tenant business operators 68 53.5 8 6.3 50 39.3 1 0.8 127 Rentiers of business 154 80.2 3 1.6 34 17.7 1 0.5 192 premises Mobile vendors 91 60.7 19 12.7 39 2.6 1 0.7 150 Shop assistants 135 55.1 36 14.7 73 29.8 1 0.4 245 Three wheel operators 54 83.1 6 9.2 5 7.7 0 0 65 Titleholder landowners 2 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Operators of public 5 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 utilities Total 539 50.37 73 11.34 204 15.85 4 0 820 Source: Social Impact Assessment, December 2017 Table 17: Distribution of different categories of APs by religion Distribution of religious groups Catholic/ AP Category Buddhist Hindu Islamic Christian Total No % No % No % No % Leaseholder and non-titleholder 28 82.3 3 8.8 2 5.9 1 2.9 34 business operators Tenant business operators 68 53.5 7 5.5 51 40.1 1 0.7 127 246 Rentiers of business premises 147 77 5 3 35 18 5 3 192 Mobile vendors 87 58 16 11 40 27 7 5 150 Shop assistants 125 51 36 15 73 30 11 4 245 Three Wheel operators 51 78 4 6 5 8 5 8 65 Titleholder landowner 2 100 0 0 0 0 2 Operators of public utilities 5 100 0 0 0 5 Total 513 63 71 9 206 25 30 4 820 Source: Social Impact Assessment, December 2017 Livelihoods This section presents a short profile of the livelihood activities of the different AP categories. Business Operators Both owner business operators as well as tenant business operators are engaged in a variety of businesses of different scale. As evident from the SIA, the main business catering to bus commuters in GSBS is mobile phones and related services, followed by fruits, water and snacks, service centres such as barber saloons, tailor shops, lottery sales and betting centres etc., sale of other products such as fancy goods, toys and handbags etc. and a range of tea houses and eating places. Details of individual businesses operated by 161 business operators in both ITB and IBZ appear in the inventory of losses (IOL) in Annex 03 of the RAP. Accordingly, 48 persons (29.8%) are engaged in selling and repairing of mobile phones and other electronic devices; 39 persons (24.2%) are engaged in selling fruits, water and snacks; 26 persons (16.1%) are running hotels, restaurants and eatery places; 25 persons (15.5%) are providing a variety of services such as communication centres, tailoring shops, salons; and 23 persons (14.2%) are selling a mix of various other commodities. 60 50 40 30 48 20 39 26 25 23 10 0 Hotel and Eatery Sales, Repair of Fruits, Water and Services Centers Sales of other Places Mobile and other Snacks Commodities Electronics Items Classification of Business Operations in GSBS by Main Business 247 Table 18: Types of businesses engaged in by mobile vendors Types of business No. Mobile Vendors % Selling grocery items 2 1.3 Selling fruits 24 16.0 Selling books and newspapers 14 9.3 Selling soft drinks and water 25 16.7 Selling compact discs of music, songs and video films 1 7 Selling Wade 25 16.7 Selling betel 8 5.3 Selling lottery tickets 12 8.0 Selling children’s toys and other fancy goods 14 9.3 Selling school bags 2 1.3 Selling cocktail mixtures 5 3.3 Selling leather goods like wallets and waist belts 1 .7 Selling mixed commodities 17 11.3 Total 150 100.0 Source: Social Impact Assessment, December 2017 Shop Assistants Table 19: Types of jobs held by shop assistants ITB IBZ Total SN Type of job No. Employees % No. Employees % No. Employees % 1 Shop Assistants 25 19 21 19 46 19 2 Barbers 2 2 2 1 3 Cashiers 17 13 14 12 31 13 4 Cleaners 3 3 3 1 5 Cooks 11 8 18 16 29 12 6 Drivers 1 1 1 0 7 Filling Station Attendants 7 5 7 3 8 Helpers 3 2 2 2 5 2 9 Managers 3 2 4 4 7 3 10 Salesmen 45 34 16 14 61 25 11 Short eats makers 1 1 1 0 12 Tailors 3 2 3 1 13 Tea makers 2 2 2 2 4 2 14 Technicians 3 2 3 1 15 Waiters 10 8 32 28 42 17 Total 132 113 245 Source: Social Impact Assessment, December 2017 Land ownership The SIA sought to establish the categories of land owned by APs rather than the extent of land owned because of the complexity in land ownership in Kandy and surrounding areas associated with the presence of temple land, undivided property ownership and the inability of the survey team to check information about land ownership in home areas of APs. 248 Table 20: Land ownership of APs Owning residential Owning Owning other No. AP Category plot/home garden paddy land land APs No % No % No % Titleholder, Leaseholder and non- 34 26 76.5 2 5.9 11 32.4 titleholder business operators Tenant business operators 127 99 78.0 3 2.4 30 23.6 Rentiers of business premises 192 153 80.0 3 1.6 73 38.0 Mobile vendors 150 130 87.0 2 1.3 51 34.0 Shop assistants 245 200 81.6 4 1.6 66 26.9 Three-wheel operators 65 57 87.6 0 - 20 30.8 Titleholder landowners 2 2 100 0 - 2 100 Operators of public utilities 5 5 100 0 - 2 40.0 Total 820 672 82.0 14 1.7 255 31.0 Source: Social Impact Assessment, December 2017 249 Annex 20: Consultations Held During Preparation of the ESIA and ESMP Public consulted Consultation Date Details/Issues raised method 01 T M Rathnayake, Informal 22/01/2018 Improvement of transport system Mahakanda discussions very essential to the Kandy city. (University Staff) Therefore the people need to tolerate some of inconvenience until it is completed. 02 Sumedha Bandara A modern bus operating system is a Occupation – Bus timely need and an important for Conductor Kandy City which is becoming a Address – A 265, unpleasant place due to increasing Udaperadeniya traffic. 03 S. A. Senadeera There is no proper waste Occupation- Bus management system at the site, Driver therefore people dispose waste into Address – 51/ 59 drains and around the bus park. Bogambara Waste management facilities should Mawatha be established within the bus park Kandy 04 J. Francis Due to the temporary bus park for Occupation – Bus both CTB and private buses, there Conductor may be heavy traffic in the Kandy- Address – 16/ 59 Peradeniya road. This may cause kudugala Road disturbances to the nearby school Wattagame students and general public. 05 K.P.G. Karunaratne Bus parking should be facilitated for Occupation – short distance buses, then the Businessman parking time can be managed and Address – No 82, can accommodate more buses Pattiyalallawatta Ampitya 06 Palitha Senaratna Good Shed Bus Park should be Occupation- Time modernised to accommodate an Keeper of the increased number of buses. Provincial Transport According to the present situation Authority the space is not enough for parking Adress – 1/ 88 of more buses. During peak times Bowela high traffic congestion can be Kandy observed along Kandy-Peradeniya Road. Therefore, a proper traffic plan should be implemented during the operation. 250 07 R. L. Dolaphilla Doubtful if the change will increase V 54, Lebarty House the city traffic Pujapetiya (Businessman) 08 U.G. Premaratna During peak hours heavy traffic Occupation – CTB jams can be observed. According to Bus driver this situation establishment of the Address – B 104 bus park will complicate the Owatta situation. Recommends improving Higula the entering point from the Post office end 09 Mr. Parakrama As the place has very limited land Perera area designing has to be done very Occupation –Signal carefully. As the existing roads are Engineer very busy, proper traffic Sri Lanka Railway management system should be implemented. 10 Shalika Ratnasooriya Informal 22/01/2018 Improvement of transport system Mathalapetiya discussions very essential to the Kandy city. Matale Therefore, the people need to tolerate (University Student) the inconveniences during constructions until it is completed. 11 Chandana Available sanitary facilities inside Karunaratna the premises are inadequate and Occupation – Bus incorporate adequate sanitary and Conductor resting facilities is a must to the Address – 265, proposed design Balagolla Kengalla 12 S. A. Senadeera There is no proper waste Occupation- Bus management system at the existing Driver site, therefore people dispose waste Address – 51/ 59 into drains and around the bus park. Bogambara Waste management facilities should Mawatha be established within the proposed Kandy entity. Punishment for the improper waste disposal should be introduced. 13 J. Francis The temporary parking of busses for Occupation – both CTB and private services, may Conductor be resulted heavy traffic in the Address – 16/ 59 Kandy- Peradeniya road during kudugala Road construction period. This may be Wattagame disturbances to the nearby school children and general public. Thus, proper traffic management system 251 should be introduced during construction period. 14 K.P.G. Karunaratne Bus park should be facilitated for Occupation – short distance buses, then the parking Business Men time can be managed and can Address – No 82, accommodate more buses Pattiyalallawatta Ampitya 15 Palitha Senaratna Bus park should be accommodated Occupation- Time for limited number of buses. Keeper of the According to the present situation the Provincial Transport space is not enough for parking of Authority more buses. During the peak times Adress – 1/ 88 high traffic jam can be observed Bowela along Kandy-Peradeniya Road. Kandy Therefore, proper traffic plan should be implemented during the operation. 16 R. L. Dolaphilla There is an uncertainty, on proposed V 54, Lebarty House changes? Will it be increased the Pujapetiya traffic congestion or not (Businuss men 17 U.G. Premaratna During the peak hours heavy traffic Occupation – CTB congestion can be observed. Bus driver According to this situation Address – B 104 establishment of the bus park will Owatta complicate the situation. His idea Higula was entering point to the Kandy Peradeniya road from the Depot should be improved 18 Mrs. A.S.F. Ashana As the place has very limited land Occupation – area designing has to be done very Planning officer carefully. As the existing roads are Address – Urban very busy, proper traffic Development management system should be Authority implemented. Kandy 19 Mr. Mohomad 07/10/2019 Personally, happy with the Zariaz, development and No Objections for Occupation: Fruit the compensation paid for the loss of Stall Owner, business income. There will be Address: 219, S.B.M enhancement of environmental Kandy conditions such as air quality, waste management and scenic beauty with the new development 252 20 Mr. E M Ravindra This development directly enhances (PS25640), the environmental conditions and the Occupation:Traffic intensity of dust & vehicular Police Constable, emissions will be reduced and the Address: Kandy health impacts due to air pollution Police Station will be considerable specially for the community who has more day today activities in the city area. On the other hand, the load of pollutants entering to the canal system will also be reduced. 21 Mr. N M Sabeer Dust, Flood and vehicular emissions Occupation – Fruit are main environmental hazards we Stall Owner faced currently and the proposed Address: 274/10, development should enhance the Good Shead, Kandy quality of the environment. If the new development assets not properly maintained we cannot achieve the objectives and again the same situation will remain. He had the concern over the operational management of the asset. 22 Mrs. A B The current shelter is with Sumanawathie inadequate protection to passengers Occupation : from rain and flood situation due to Building Owner blockage of drains with bad smell be Address: barrier for their smooth movements. 274/1, Siripura Frequency of accidents increasing Building, Kandy with bad climate conditions as well as improper practices of vehicle driving. As the awareness given by the SCDP officials those impacts will be reduced with the proposed development and we as business owners very happy on it. If the project can allow access from the elevated skywalk to the upper floor of the building will be an advantage for their businesses. 23 Mr. K J S We are happy with the compensation Karunaratne, package for loss of business and Occupation : Tannet willing to start new business when of the grocerry in the commencement of KMTT Siripura Building constructions. The proposed Address: development will be improved the 253 274/4, conditions in environment as well as Good Shead, Kandy facilities in the premises for passengers, business people as well tourists. 24 Mr. D M B G This will be a remarkable good Yasaratne, project if the government will hire a Occupation: good contractor who perform well Manager according to national and Address: Perera international standards. The Hotel, 274/6, Good employees of the hotel compensated Shead, Kandy but finding a job for transitional stage will be another burden and there is no job security after completion of the project due to uncertainty of the owner’s and thinking of continuation of business. 25 Ms. Malkanthi Currently the bus timetable is not Madigasekara, very much effective due to non- Occupation: availability of buses as per the Government Teacher schedule. Thus, exposure to dust, Address: vehicular emissions and nasty sound Muthupanthiya, from horns and speakers is creating a Bokkawela significant impact on the community at present and a better environment is expected due to this project. 26 Ms. Chathurika As per the awareness programmes Rathnayake conducted by the project a proper bus Occupation: Govt. time table will be established along Teacher, with the project implementation. It Chandananda will be reduced the waiting time at Buddhist Collage, the bus terminal resulting low Asgiriya exposure to the bad air, sound and vehicular emissions too. The project information cell established in front of the Kandy Railway Station is helpful to obtain information. Very happy to have this development at least by 2025 27 Mr. N A S Currently having general nuisance Nadarajah such due to sound and emissions Resident from vehicles. This house was built Address: 163, in 1970 and no any remarkable Peradeniya Road, cracks on walls. Happy to have this Kandy development soon and willing to assist the project with bearing the 254 temporary nuisance within the construction period. 28 Mr. Tissa This good shed area is very fragile to Gunawardene environmental disasters. Thus, the Occupation: large-scale constructions should be Technical Instructor properly designed and need to hire a Address: 23 A, highly capable contractor for the Kossinna. project. If the construction activities are sub divided there should be proper coordination among all activities. Close and proper supervision should be implemented to avoid unexpected environmental impacts. 29 Mr. Sisira Kahagolla According to the awareness provided Occupation: A/L and the articles retrieved from Student newspapers and the information Address available in the websites this will be 12/3/45, the new experience to the country. Udaperadeniya Thus, the weight of the construction Kandy is a multifaceted one and should be utilised fully proper methods for each and every activity without faults. 30 Mr. Chandana No proper bus time schedule Gunaratne, established due to political Occupation: Time interferences. Thus, waiting time at Keeper the bus station is vary and due to this, Address: various incidents are happening such 59/74, Bagamure, as harassing, smuggling, pick Kandy pocketing, begging etc. Other than that, these improper schedules make unnecessary traffic congestions along Bandaranayake Mawatha up to Girls High School, Kandy 31 Mr. M A It will be a disaster for us and loss our Udayakumara business during construction period. Occupation Three No proper registration system and Wheel Driver therefore most of the three-wheel Address: drivers not get equal chances and not Suduhumpola, compensated for the business losses. Kandy After construction also this will be a burden for us. 32 Ms. Suranga This is a modern establishment Madurajeewani which is new to Sri Lanka and other infrastructure will also be improved 255 Occupation: A/L to reach the objectives of the total Student development. Otherwise this is also a Address disaster like most of the other foreign 12/3, Udabowala funded projects. Rd., Dangolla, Kandy 33 Mr. S M Akram. 08.10.2019 After this large-scale project there Occupation: Plumber will be realistic enhancement of 113/24, environment conditions such as air Deyyanewela, quality, green spaces, proper waste Kandy management & disposal system. Thus, happily accepted the project. 34 Mr. Srinath As an affected party who Wckramasinghe, compensated properly by the project Occupation: established this new business and Owner, The Garage very much happy if the Cafe, 195, implementation of the project will be Peradeniya Road, began soon. Kandy 35 Mr. Thushara Since the entrance of the proposed Bandara, skywalk is adjoining to Telefax Occupation:Deputy premises the customer base will be General Manager, increased due to the Project. The Address: Telefix nuisance will be affected the day Technologies (Pvt) today activities but highly accepted Ltd. 185, project activities. Peradeniya Road, It would be good if the project can Kandy adjust the design to give side entrance to the business premises including Tele-Pix. 36 Mr. K Selvaraj, Happy to see this development soon. Occupation: It will give us an extra customer base Business Owner and proper modern facilities to Address: reduce the traffic congestion within Asian Traders, the city limit and provide number of 157/A, Peradeniya easy services. The most important Rd., Kandy things for successive project will be implementable design and capable contractor 37 Mr. Dulan Sound, Dust, vehicular emissions, Rajanayake odder and frequent flood are the Occupation: H R M common environmental issues student of NIBM experienced in good shed area. If proposed project addresses those environmental issues with the new 256 Address: 95/4B, interventions and management Ullandupitiya, method the future environmental Werellagama condition will be better. On the other hand, the proposed terminal will be an iconic one to the country and will be very important one for tourism industry. 38 Mrs. S M Indra Currently the passenger facilities of Kumarihami, good shed bus stand are very poor in Occupation: conditions. No seating facilities even Passenger for needy people. Waiting time Address: 101/2, always drag due to adhoc control Madihe, Poojapitiya system which finally comes as a burden to passengers. The people need improved terminal after construction of the proposed project 39 Mrs Chandra Most of the passengers facing many Kumarihami, troubles when they reach the good Occupation: shed bus stand to catch the busses. Passenger No proper sanitation facilities, Address: 92/B, seating arrangements, disable Girihagama, accesses etc. The passengers hope Kamburegama for better facilities with the proposed development but we are having bit worry that, it might be having fees for every facility which is not affordable for all the people in the society. 257 258