Executive Summary of Environmental Due Diligence Audit Report for the existing landfill The Environmental Due Diligence Audit Report addresses the environmental impact of the existing landfill, TPA Batulayang, Pontianak. The landfill is located 15 km from city of Pontianak on a 26.6 hectare of land owned by the government. The landfill is estimated to have received approximately 400,000 tonne of MSW by the end of 2006. TPA Batulayang start operated in 1996, with area 13 ha. The land acquisition started in 1994/1995 for phase 1, with area 5.4 ha. The expansion increases the area becomes 26.6 ha. Currently 11 ha has been occupied and the rest is used for buffer zone. TPA Batulayang implements a Controlled Landfill Management System. The Landfill is surrounded by local community divided into two groups, that is Batulayang Village and Siantan Hilir Village. The Batulayang Village (RT 05/04) has about 556 residents of which more than 20% works as scavenger, and Siantan Hilir Village (RT 05/15) has about 52 residents of which 80 % works as scavenger. Their activities - as scavenger - are collecting waste and selling to waste collector (Bandar/lapak). TPA Batulayang already has leachate treatment installation, including a leachate pond. The ideal way to collect leachate is by making a impermeable layer compile with leachate collection pipes and through the pipes into the pond. But due to the large amount of investment needed, the collecting of the leachate is done only by using a ditch or a pit that they dig around the waste cell. Then the leachate will flow into the pond through the ditch. More over, the drainage system is not managed well; some spots of the drainage are often blocked by the waste especially during the rainy season, the leachate will overflow to the ditches next to the landfill and eventually to the river nearby, and causing contamination to the river. The monitoring of leachate is conducted simply using Visual Monitoring. In the report, analysis of the ambient air quality, including noise, and surface and ground water quality is already conducted. From sample taken at 7 locations, it is concluded that ambient air quality and noise at the location is good and meet the regulation. The surface water sample is taken at two location, Musa Ditch (Sahang River) and Madura Ditch. The analysis from both surface water and from ground water, resulted the water quality - in average - is still meet qualification as Class II, which is can be used for recreation and fishery. The central government's Public Works department's Directorate for Human Settlement Environmental Sanitation Development has approved a plan for improving drainage and leachate treatment plant rehabilitation in Zone 2 (new cells) and Zone 1, in order to minimize the contamination of leachate to the surrounding water resource. This plan are currently ongoing and will increase the quality of water resource, and also community health. E1654 v. 2 Executive Summary of Updated Environmental Management Plan for the planned expansion of landfill The Updated Environmental Management Plan addresses the environmental impact due to the planned expansion of landfill TPA Batulayang, Pontianak. The expansion will increase the Landfill area from effective area 13 ha becomes effective area 26.6 ha. The expansion of Landfill is needed to accommodate the increasing of waste volume of Pontianak. The height of waste will be maintained not to exceed 5 meter. Improvement of the leachate management is also part of the plan. At the planned expansion of landfill, the waste received from Temporary Disposal Site using closed container truck (dump truck, arm roll truck, compactor truck). Unloading activity will be conducted in the prepared cell. Excavator is used to move the waste, then bulldozer will compact and push the waste to make pile. When the compacted pile reach 2 meter height, it will be covered by soil and re-compacted. The height will decrease up to 40%, and new waste is piled again. The process is iterated until the pile's height reach 5 meter. The improvement of leachate collection and treatment is also part of the plan. This plan will also include: * Collection of leachate: arrange collecting pipe at soil layer to collect and transport the leachate to leachate treatment installation. * Leachate treatment installation : leachate treatment used to reduce the contaminant to meet standard before disposed to surrounding water. The infrastructure includes facultative pond, sludge drying bed, sedimentation pond and maturation pond. * Leachate disposal: to dispose leachate from leachate treatment installation to the water surrounding the TPA area. There are also some key environmental issues identified both from construction and operation of the planned expansion landfill. The issues has been addressed and some prevention and mitigation plan has been developed, as follows: * Noise level; To reduce noise level, the municipality plan to do periodic maintenance of vehicles, enforce speed limitation of the vehicles and plantation for buffer road. * Odor; To prevent/reduce odor, the municipality plan to make plantation of Mimosops elengi, Mutingia calabura, Agathis alba for buffer zone, and covering cell with soil every 1-3 days. * Surface water and Ground water quality; To minimize the degradation of water quality, the municipality plan to do certain actions such as preventing vegetation cut during land clearing to enter river, plan to improve the leachate treatment by build drainage, control the water circulation and cleaning sludge periodically. * Community Health; To minimize the disease caused by TPA activities, the TPA management will endeavor to prevent contamination of water, air and soil; and also help patient of disease caused by TPA with medication aid. It has been verified the the requirement for sanitary landfill has been met for the planned expansion landfill. 2 Executive Summary of Environmental Assessment Report for the landfill gas collection and flaring facility The Environmental Assessment Report addresses the environmental impact of landfill gas collection and flaring facility planned to be implemented at TPA Batulayang, Pontianak. The project will utilize an enclosed flare system, in which an insulation system reduces heat losses and enables operation at higher temperatures. The enclosed flare system is also known as ground flare. The basic operational principle is the application of vacuum in the waste mass to extract the gas. The main components of the active collection system to be installed are Collection System, which will employ a horizontal LFG collection piping system, and Landfill Cell Closure, which is used to limit all methane gas emission and improve gas collection efficiency. The landfill flaring system will include Leachate Management System to maintain low level of leachate within the gas collection wells; LFG pumping equipment included pipeline manifold system and blowers; LFG treatment unit which consists of condensate and flare system; monitoring and control system using Distributed Control System (DCS); and generator capacity of 150 kW used to provide electricity requirement of the collection and flaring facility and provide motive power for community development projects. The key environmental issues has been identified, which can be divided into environmental impact during construction phase and environmental impact during operation phase. During construction phase, the main environmental impacts is noise, generated from transportation and installation activities; and dust generated from transportation activities. Some environmental impacts expected to occur during the operation phase are the emission of gasses from flaring including carbon dioxide, water vapor; the risk of fire and explosions, asphyxia, odor, nuisance, noise and heat. The Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP) has been developed to identify, organize, elaborate, and adopt measures to prevent, mitigate, remediate, or compensate for the project related impacts on environment. These measures should ensure the project meet both national and international regulation. 3 Terms of Reference Environmental Due Diligence for Pontianak LGFProject 1. Background PT Gikoko Kogyo Indonesia (hereafter addressed as "Gikoko") is preparing a Carbon Finance transaction with the World Bank. The project will include the installation of a landfill gas collection system and an enclosed landfill gas flaring system to destroy methane gas that is generated in the City ofPontianak's landfill, TPA Batu Layang. Pontianak's landfill is located 15 km from the city centre on a 30 hectare parcel of land owned by the city government. The landfill commenced receiving waste in 1996 and during 1998-99, under the World Bank's Kalimantan Urban Development Program (KUDP) improvements were made to upgrade the landfill to that of a "Controlled Landfill" management system. The landfill is estimated to have received approximately 400, 000 tonnes of municipal solid waste by the end of 2006. Environmental concerns raised by the World Bank during preparation include the conditions and liabilities of the existing landfill as well as the adequacy of environmental management measures for the existing and expanded landfills where the landfill gas collection and flaring (LGF) system will be installed. 2. Objectives The objectives of this assignment are to assess 6) whether the performance of existing landfill meets Indonesian environmental requirements and any significant environmental issues exist, (b) whether the design and operation ofplanned landfill expansion meets the requirements of sanitarylandfill and appropriate environmental management measures are planned, and (c) whether the environmental impacts associated with the proposed LGFsystem are adequatelyidentified and managed. 3. Tasks 3.1 Produce an Environmental Due Diligence Audit Report for the existing landfill that will include: a. General description of the existinglandfill siteincluding;sitelocation;location and quality ofreceiving water bodies (i.e ground and surface waters); agricultural and other economic activities around the site; nearby communities and other environmentally sensitive receptors. Pontianak City is the capital of West Kalimantan province. Geographically it is located on 00002'24" north latitude - 00001'37" south latitude and 109o16'25" - 109o23'04". It has 107.82 square kilometers area. The Pontianak landfill, TPA Batu Layang, is located 15 km from the city centre on a 26.6 hectare parcel of land (currently) owned by the government. The landfill is estimated to have received approximately 400,000 tonne of MSW by the end of 2006. The Landfill area is surrounded by agricultural land owned by community. They plant vegetables and fruits, such as banana, pineapple, cassava, coffee, etc. Some area are also covered by bushes and paku-pakuan. The community also benefiting from Landfill by collecting recycle waste, such as paper, bottle, can, glass, etc. They collect the waste and sell to waste collector. 4 Figure 1. Landfill Location hidonesia Ia Kora Poii TPA Batu Layang N The surface water near Landfill are Musa Ditch (Sahang River) at East of Landfill and Madura Ditch at west of Landfill. The water meets quality of Class II Standard, means can be used for recreation and fishery. There are two RTs from two Villages near Landfill, that is Batulayang Village and Siantan Hilir Village. The Batulayang Village (RT 05/04) has about 556 residents of which more than 20% works as scavenger, and Siantan Hilir Village (RT 05/15) has about 52 residents of which 80 % works as scavenger. b. Description of site design and operation including;landfill design and dimensions; history of use; waste transportation and placement procedure; composition of receiving waste; quality of leacha te and how it flows; existence of pest and vectors; existence of scavengers and their activities. TPA Batulayang currently has effective area 13 ha. The site is displayed in Figure 2. 5 Figure 2. Landfill design and dimension Drolnum Drtch 15 mtr ArDca Road 6 mkr Street Shoilder I mtr llping Area 3 mtr Conerets RDad Cancr i Rolad sBO \et Wi dR BUFFER ZONE t' - - { Il \. \\ \ ! | 1 tX Vj . \\ u.-cr. r Rad| 7 \,jtr Channel ; o.,cefil AH c CEncetai wRoad \.1 'l l'. I \\\- \tFC T,b ',\ I '1 n'pa ,T,u, "r - 'o F 4r,.d I - - 3 .1 j LU BOd\\ l : i w e a.n wt l A. Qa Tm n\\ | ----) \ - ,Waer Channel C ar."Ie Roana Red, , T.3- BUFFER ZONE ADGOE R1lAD TC TPA TPA Batulayang start operated in 1996, with area 13 ha. The land acquisition started in 1994/1995 for phase 1, with area 5.4 ha. The expansion increases the area becomes 26.6 ha. Currently 11 ha has been occupied and the rest is used for buffer zone. TPA Batulayang implements a Controlled Landfill Management System. The expansion of Landfill is needed to accommodate the increasing of waste volume of Pontianak city. The height of waste at landfill will be maintained not to exceed 5 meter. There is also a plan to improve leachate management. The waste transported from Temporary Disposal Site using fleet consist of dump truck (26 units), arm roll truck (9 units) or compactor (1 unit). The service capacity is only about 70 %. 6 Figure 3. Composition of waste received Waste Composition of Pontianak 0.2% 5.0% 2 104 -20% - 15% 1% *Paper= 5% - 0.1% * Glass = 2.P/o /P lastic = 6% O M etal = 2% *Wood = 15% 3 Cloth = 0.'1/ * Rubber= 0.1PO O Organic = 83% * Other = 0.2% TPA Batu Layang has a leachate pond. The ideal way to collect leachate is by making a impermeable layer compile with leachate collection pipes and through the pipes into the pond. Due to the large amount of investment needed, the collecting of the leachate is done only by using a ditch or a pit that they dig around the waste cell. Then the leachate will flow into the pond through the ditch. Monitoring which is done by the workers at TPA Batu Layang is simply by using Visual Monitoring. It means that they monitored the leachate only with their eyes, there is no any special equipment used. The drainage system is not managed well; some spots of the drainage are often blocked by the waste especially during the rainy season, the leachate will overflow to the ditches next to the landfill and eventually to the river nearby, and causing contamination to the river. Eventually, people will suffer of this contaminated water especially when they use it for bathing. The characteristic of leachate from current Landfill is described in Table 1. Table 1. Characteristic of Leachate TPA Batulayang (Oxyde - Metal) No Parameter Unit Result No Parameter Unit Result I Nattium 'Nal mg. L 153 22 17 Chi,.m 'Cr.' ng L o 136 2 Kalium (K) mg/L 27.86 18 Molybdenum (Mo) mg/L 0.093 3 Calcium (Ca) mglL 153.22 19 Cadmium (Cd) mg/L 0.001 4 Magnesium (Mg) mg/L 95.64 20 Lead (Pb) mg/L <0.001 5 Chlorida (Cl) mg/L 1295 21 Vanadium (Va) mg/L 0.171 6 Barium (Ba) mg/L 0.114 22 Sulfat (SO4) mg/L 284.45 7 Stanum (Sn) mg/L 0.129 23 SiO2 0.011 8 Lithium (Li) mgL 0.950 24 pH 7.35 9 Boron (B) mg/L 0.750 25 DHL ms/cm 3.69 10 Mangan (Mn) mg/L 0.259 26 Temperature °C 27.3 11 Ferrum (Fe) mg/L 8.792 27 DO - 0.25 12 Aluminum (A) mg/L 4.61 28 NH4 - N mg/L 77.98 13 Cobalt (Co) mg/L <0.001 29 N02 - N mg[L 2.88 14 Nickel (Ni) mg/L 0.111 30 N03 N mg/L 475.31 15 Copper (Cu) mg/L 0.083 31 COD mgJL 17.000 16 Zinc (Zn) mg/L 0.307 32 Total Phospat mg/L 25.73 7 There are some pest and vectors in Landfill area, including flies, ants, cocroaches, mosquitos, rats. The more waste produced, the more pest population will grow. These vectors cause some diseases, such as diarrhea and typhus The scavengers work at landfill can be divided into two groups, one from Batulayang Village and the other from Siantan Hilir Village. Their activities are collecting waste and selling to waste collector (Bandar/lapak). Every day the waste collector come to weight the plastic waste and every week they come for collecting the iron. For special condition the waste collector come in the end of month. c. Identification of key environmental issues including water pollution, dust and odor, health and safety conditions. This part should include measured data on water pollution due to leachate (includinggroundwater qualityif existing sampling wells are available). The environmental issues including water pollution, and air quality has been addressed, and there are some samples taken, as shown in Table 2 - Table 4. The sample for measuring air quality is taken at 7 locations: * At the area of expansion of Landfill (1 location), east of Landfill (1 location) and west of Landfill (1 location) * At empty area, used for agricultural by local community (2 locations) * At the village near Landfill (2 locations) Table 2. Ambient Air Quality at TPA Batu Layang No Parameter Duration Unit Standar -SaWe Location 6_ 7 -d 2 3 4 B 6 7 1 SO2 2) 1 hour jig/Nm 900 <88.4 190 158 1.516 <138 1.419 601 2 CO 1 hour pg/Nm 30000 257 <44.8 <44.5 176 126 <45.6 2.958 3 NO2 2) 1 hour jig/Nm 400 <24.3 43.3 198 151 <28.4 207 600 3 4 Oxydant (03) 1 hour pg/Nm 235 20.1 29.1 22.8 15.2 16.0 29.5 12.9 5 PMio 24 hours ig/Nm 150 17.0 4.0 4.0 37.0 11.0 17.0 38.0 (Particle <10 6 Dust (TSP) 24 hours jig/Nm 230 62.4 53.9 75.6 162 194 269 462 7 Pb 24 hours jig/Nm 2 0.053 0.010 0.008 0.069 0.071 0.076 0.041 3 8 Fluoride (as 24 hours jig/Nm 3 <0.06 <0.04 <0.04 <0.07 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 F ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 Cl & C120 24 hours ig/Nm 150 <16.4 45.4 106 45.4 <24.5 <24.3 <12.3 3 10 Noise Level 3) 24 hours dB (A) 60 75.0 ± 46.67 49.19 66.17 46.79 57.64 70.74 0.0 ± 1.04 ± 0.58 ± 1.15 ± 1.39 ± 0.58 ± 6.70 Note: 1) Based on Government Regulation No. 41 Year 1999 2) Has been accredited by KAN 3) Noise level based on Kep-48/MENLH/11/1996 for Public Fasility is 60 dB(A) 8 The quality of surface water is analyzed at two locations, Madura Ditch and Musa/Sahang Ditch. Sample is taken using "grab sampling" for measurring pH, temperature and "composit sampling". Table 3. Surface Water Quality No Parameter uit ra Quaty Sample at Madura Ditcb Sample at Musa Ditch I II 1 2. 3 1 2 3 1 Temperatu °C + 3 ± 3 28.3 28.4 28.4 28.4 28.3 28.4 re *-) 2 Solved mg/L 1000 1000 23.6 39.4 40.5 24.8 33.8 29.3 residue (TDS) *) 3 Suspended mg/L 50 50 2.0 1.30 1.0 3.0 2.0 4.0 residue (TSS)__ _ _ 4 Color *) Pt-Co () (-) 285 399 326 224 282 336 5 Turbidity NTU (-) (-) 0.50 0.76 1.18 0.54 1.74 1.32 ..) 6 pH - 6 - 9 6 - 9 3.82 3.82 3.65 3.76 4.44 4.58 7 BOD mg/L 2 3 6.53 11.6 12.6 5.25 18.0 15.5 8 COD mg/L 10 25 99.2 174 118 87.6 126 126 9 DO *) mg/L 6 4 5.46 5.71 5.41 5.55 4.82 5.44 10 Fosfat as P mg/L 0.2 0.2 0.146 1.90 1.67 0.02 1.99 2.26 11 Nitrat as mg/L 10 10 1.28 1.38 0.46 0.83 1.42 1.39 NOr-N 12 Nitrit as mg[L 0.06 0.06 0.093 0.103 0.119 0.129 0.082 0.17 N02-N _ 13 NH3 - N mg/L 0.5 (-) 0.32 0.84 0.37 0.28 1.39 <0.02 14 Fe mg/L 0.3 (-) 0.091 0.193 0.647 0.093 0.259 0.343 15 Mn mg/L 0.1 (-) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.022 0.032 16 Zn mgfL 0.05 0.05 0.016 0.006 0.020 0.022 0.017 0.013 17 Cu mg/L 0.02 0.02 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 18 Cd mg/L 0.01 0.01 0.002 0.001 0.004 0.004 0.001 0.002 19 Pb mg/L 0.03 0.03 0.005 0.003 0.004 <0.002 0.002 0.004 20 As mg/L 0.05 1 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 21 Hg mg/L 0.001 0.002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 22 Cr+6 mg/L 0.05 0.05 0.070 0.073 0.10 0.052 0.05 0.065 23 Cl mg/L 600 600 7.32 12.4 11.0 11.7 14.1 15.1 24 CN mg/L 0.2 0.2 <0.002 0.002 0.005 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 25 F ") mg/L 0.5 1.5 0.30 0.62 0.35 0.32 0.45 0.57 26 Cl mg/L 0.03 0.03 0.29 0.51 0.40 0.20 0.34 0.37 27 S04 mg/L 400 (-) 31.9 50.6 40.4 25.9 35.0 38.9 28 H2S ) mg/L 0.002 0.002 0.018 0.036 0.029 0.015 0.027 0.030 29 Oil and fat mg/L 1 1 0.36 0.42 0.39 0.47 0.46 0.41 30 Detergent mg/L 0.2 0.2 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 as MBAS 31 Fenol mg/L 0.001 0.001 <0.01 0.002 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 32 Fecal Jml/l 100 1000 11 14 900 7 240 130 Coliform I) OOmL 33 Total Jml/l 1000 5000 11 70 900 7 240 130 Coliform *-) 00mL Note: *) Analysis based on PP No.82/2001 Water Quality Management and Control of Water Contamination **) Not accredited by KAN - Class I :Water for drinking - Class II: Water for recreation and fishery 9 Table 4. Ground Water Quality (Sampling Well) No Parameter Unit Water Quai iiy Class I Sat Xple i[f 1 2 1 Temperature * °C + 3 ± 3 28.9 29.0 2 Solved residue (TDS) *) mg/L 1000 1000 52.9 58.6 3 Suspended residue (TSS) mg/L 50 50 2.35 40.0 4 Color *') Pt-Co (-) (-) 316 33.0 5 Turbidity * NTU () () 5.15 87.4 6 pH 6 - 9 6 - 9 5.19 3.54 7 BOD mg/L 2 3 17.5 7.85 8 COD mg/L 10 25 119 67.8 9 DO '-) mg/L 6 4 4.80 5.87 10 Fosfat as P mg/L 0.2 0.2 4.40 2.73 11 Nitrat as NO3-N mg/L 10 10 1.29 0.33 12 Nitrit as N02-N mg/L 0.06 0.06 0.060 0.014 13 NH3 - N mg/L 0.5 (-) 2.63 1.99 14 Fe mg/L 0.3 () 0.481 6.28 15 Mn mg/L 0.1 (-) 0.012 0.340 16 Zn mg/L 0.05 0.05 0.028 0.227 17 Cu mg/L 0.02 0.02 <0.001 <0.001 18 Cd mg/L 0.01 0.01 0.003 0.004 19 Pb mg/L 0.03 0.03 0.006 0.005 20 As mg/L 0.05 1 <0.0005 0.0005 21 Hg mg/L 0.001 0.002 <0.0002 0.0004 22 Cr+6 mg/L 0.05 0.05 0.14 0.055 23 Cl meL 600 600 18.2 18.4 24 CN mg/L 0.2 0.2 <0.002 <0.002 25 F I mg/L 0.5 1.5 0.36 0.31 26 Cl - mg/L 0.03 0.03 0.29 0.21 27 S04 mg/L 400 (-) 32.2 107 28 H2S * mg/L 0.002 0.002 0.025 0.010 29 Oil and fat mg/L 1 1 0.39 0.52 30 Detergent as MBAS mgfL 0.2 0.2 0.007 0.012 31 Fenol mg/L 0.001 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 32 Fecal Coliform * Jml/lOOmL 100 1000 1600 900 33 Total Coliform - Jml/lOOmL 1000 5000 1600 900 Note: *) Analysis based on PP No.82/2001 Water Quality Management and Control of Water Contamination **) Not accredited by KAN - Class I :Water for drinking - Class II: Water for recreation and fishery The community health of the local community is greatly affected by air and water quality. The activities during construction and operation of the expanded landfill generate dust, gas concentration and noise, which influence the disease pattern. The contaminant in the surface water and ground water also may cause diseases, such as diarrhea. d. Assessment of environmental impact including water pollution due to leachate, dust and odor, health and safety conditions of scavengers based on the information above. Local environmental requirements should be used to assess the impacts. 10 Based on study and sample taken as described above, the air quality and noise at the location is good and meet the regulation. The water quality doesn't meet qualification as class I (can be used for drinking and cooking). But because the community only use the water for bathing and cleaning (MCK), the water quality is good and meet qualification for that purpose. The disease pattern of local community is monitored periodically, and beside the medication aid to the local community, the preventive action is more prioritized by eliminating the source of disease. Most occupational health and injury problems could be minimized by simple safety procedures that cost little; and most environmental impacts could be minimized by closing open dumps and implementing sanitary landfills. Most importantly, workers need to wear protective gear, particularly gloves and face masks. Disposal sites need daily cover and proper control of contaminated leachate. Waste pickers need to be managed; children and domestic animals should not be working on disposal sites. By rearranging the disposal layout, implementing modest sorting facilities, and allowing only registered adults, the waste pickers could have improved access to recyclables and decreased health risk. Provision of water supply for washing, sanitation, and hygiene education are also highly recommended for waste pickers. e. Mitigation measures and action plan including existing and additionally planned mitigation measures to address identified key environmental issues, institutional arrangements, monitoringplan, schedule and costs. The central government's Public Works department's Directorate for Human Settlement Environmental Sanitation Development has approved a plan for improving drainage and leachate treatment plant rehabilitation in Zone 2 (new cells) and Zone 1. Each zone will include 4 cells. The budget allocated that work is estimated Five Billion Rupiahs or USD 550,000 (five hundred and fifty thousand) for the year 2007 and implementation plans are currently ongoing and under process for immediate use. The Public Works department was the implementation agency for the World Bank's Kalimantan Urban Development Program (KUDP) and they support Pontinak City's effort implement CDM project at the landfill. 3.2 Produce an Updated Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the planned expansion of landfill a. Description of site design and operation for the planned expansion of landfill including; landfill design and dimensions;procedures for waste transportation; placement, compaction and cover; leachate collection and treatment; control plan of scavengers and their activities. The expansion will increase the Landfill area from effective area 13 ha becomes effective area 26.6 ha. The expansion of Landfill is needed to accommodate the increasing of waste volume of Pontianak. The height of waste will be maintained not to exceed 5 meter. Improvement of the leachate management is also part of the plan. I1 The waste is transported from Temporary Disposal Site using dump truck tipper (capacity 6 m3), arm roll truck with closed container (capacity 6 m3) or compactor truck (capacity 6m3). Before enter Landfill, staff will record vehicle identity, date and time arrival, waste weight, source and type of waste. Unloading activity will be conducted in the prepared cell. Excavator is used to move the waste, then bulldozer will compact and push the waste to make pile. When the compacted pile reach 2 meter height, it will be covered by soil and re-compacted. The height will decrease up to 40%, and new waste is piled again. The process is iterated until the pile's height reach 5 meter. The leachate collection and treatment will include * Collection of leachate: arrange collecting pipe at soil layer to collect and transport the leachate to leachate treatment installation. Debit of leachate is influenced by rain and area of dumping. . Leachate treatment installation : leachate treatment used to reduce the contaminant to meet standard before disposed to surrounding water. The infrastructure includes facultative pond, sludge drying bed, sedimentation pond and maturation pond. * Leachate disposal : to dispose leachate from leachate treatment installation to the water surrounding the TPA area. Figure 4. Landfill Design and Dimension 12 12 Local government currently does not have plants nor budgets to increase scavenger's income and welfare in the landfill, but officials have stated that they would wish to; * To provide suitable facilities so the scavenger child can play in a decent place and not in the landfill. * To provide opportunities for families to improve their livelihood so that their children no longer have to work as scavengers in order to find supplementrary income for the parents * To provide local scavengers opportunity to improve their livelihood by providing more efficient tools for gathering and processing the useable and recycle waste material (e.g. paper, can, glass, plastics, used tires, etc.) b. Review of EIA report for the planned expansion of landfill and identification of key environmental issues. It should be verified if environmental requirements for sanitary landfill ha ve been met (local requirements have to be met at minimum). Comparison of local requirements with the Bank guideline will also be conducted to see if there are significant gaps in requirements for sanitary landfills. Identification of key environmental issues has been conducted, and has been addressed as follows: * Noise level; To reduce noise level, the municipality plan to do periodic maintenance of vehicles, enforce speed limitation of the vehicles and plantation for buffer road. * Odor; To prevent/reduce odor, the municipality plan to make plantation of Mimosops elengi, Mutingia calabura, Agathis alba for buffer zone, and covering cell with soil every 1-3 days. * Surface water and Ground water quality; To minimize the degradation of water quality, the municipality plan to do certain actions such as preventing vegetation cut during land clearing to enter river, plan to improve the leachate treatment by build drainage, control the water circulation and cleaning sludge periodically. * Community Health; In order to minimize the disease caused by TPA activities, the TPA management will endeavor to prevent contamination of water, air and soil; and also help patient of disease caused by TPA with medication aid. It has been verified the the requirement for sanitary landfill has been met for the planned expansion landfill. 13 c. Updated EMP including mitigation measures to address identified key environmental issues, institutional arrangements, monitoringplan, schedule and costs. This updated EMP will be developed by supplementing the EMPin the EI report, which will include the additional mitigation measures proposed by the city government in February 2007. The EMP for expansion of TPA is summarized as in Table 5, along with the responsible entity as listed below. (1) Dinas Kebersihan dan Pertamanan Kota Pontianak (Municipality of Pontianak); Table 5. Matrix of Environmental Management Plan Expected Responsi Factor Parameter Prevention & Mitigation Implementation ble Period and Cost Entity .nmbiint Air PP N.:) 11 Year 1999 Periodic rmainenanc,.fi -ehiclkt During TPA hletime 'I. Quality and and Kepmen LH No. Speed limitation of vehicles During TPA lifetime Noise Level Kep-48 Plantation for road buffer During construction MENLH/II/1996 phase Surface PP No.82 Year 2001 Collecting waste from vegetation to During land clearing (1) Water and prevent entering river Groundwater Build drainage During construction Quality phase Control water circulation and As necessary, celaning sludge periodically periodically Odor Kepmen LH No. Kep- Plantation (Mimosops elengi, During construction (1) 50 MENLH/II/1996 Mutingia calabura, Agathis alba) phase for buffer area Covering cell with soil every 1-3 During TPA lifetime days Community Incidency and Prevent contamination of water, air During TPA lifetime (1) Health prevalency number and soil Help the patient of disease caused During TPA lifetime by TPA management with medication aid. Monitoring Plan is summarized as in Table 6 Table 6. Matrix of Monitoring Plan Expected Reeponsi Factor Parameter Method Implementation ble Period Entity .Ambi.n .Air PP NM,41 \Eer 149f9 NI,:nitcring air quwlity in certain Ever3 3mu,nths '.) Quality and and Kepmen LH No. locations with method as described Noise Level Kep-48 in PP No.41 Yr 1999 and Kep-48 MENLH/II/1996 MENLH/Il/1996 Surface PP No.82 Year 2001 Sampling water with method as Every 3 months (1) Water and described in Kepmen LH No.37 Yr Groundwater 2003 Quality Lab analysis follow PP No.82 Yr 2001 Odor Kepmen LH No. Kep- Sampling and analysis method Every 3 months (1) 50 MENLH/Il/1996 follow Kepmen LH No Kep-50 MENLH/II/1996 Community Incidency and Observation on disease pattern at Every 3 months (1) Health prevalency number Puskesmas Batu Layang 14 3.3 Produce an Environmental Assessment Report for the landfill gas collection and flaring facility a. Description of system design and operation for the planned landfill gas collection and flaring facility. The CDM project shall utilize an enclosed flare system, in which an insulation system reduces heat losses and enables operation at higher temperatures. The enclosed flare system is also known as ground flare. The basic operational principle is the application of vacuum in the waste mass to extract the gas. The main components of the active collection system to be installed are as follows; * Collection System. This project will employ a horizontal LFG collection piping system. The design of this system will employ dropouts within the collection systems to reduce the impacts of excessive leachate and condensation on the extraction system. * Landfill Cell Closure. The technique to be used for cell closure to improve LFG efficiency, rainfall infiltration and leachate discharge is that of an entombed Cell. This form of closure is recommended for all landfills in western countries so as to limit all methane gas emission and improve gas collection efficiency. The cells are capped with a synthetic liner which is then covered with a 300mm vegetation layer (growing medium). Infiltration of rainfall is minimal which reduces leachate levels in the cells and LFG capture is maximized due to the liner prohibiting LFG surface emissions. As this technique reduces internal moisture content of the cells, moisture content levels of the cells will be monitored and a leachate recycling system will be employed. * Leachate Management System will be installed to maintain low levels of leachate within the gas collection wells so to improve LFG recovery efficiency. This system will include the recycling of leachate within the landfill. * LFG pumping equipment will include pipeline manifold system and blowers. The blowers to be installed will be single-stage centrifugal type. A pipeline will convey the LFG from the well system to the LFG treatment unit. * LFG treatment unit will consist of condensate and flare systems. A knockout vessel will be used to remove gas condensate. An Enclosed Flare, which meets the UK EPA guidance on Landfill Gas Flaring or similar standards, will be installed to burn the LFG in a controlled environment so as to maximize the destruction of methane and other harmful constituents before discharging them safely to the atmosphere. * Monitoring and control systems conducted using Distributed Control System (DCS) which will allow for continuous performance monitoring, systems control, error logging, analysis and reporting. 15 * LFG Generator, 150 kW output capacity, is planned to be installed to produce all the onsite electricity requirements of the collection and flaring facility and provide motive power for community development projects. Figure 5. Layout of Collection Piping and Flaring System 3517 NDIE hn 17 1 FE 11. f17 HWE 150-0 SDR7 HIPE CO.N TM RM 0 16 RI RFEF IL 5 FlER WE (M. 1 fl3 1W) (Uk 3% =O) MCElUM p PJ(TE X OQ e 1QXO I MtO , 10000 - 100Q 100QQ . 1QQO 10v 0\ // /; 2 i 4 MN 6 rR / n \ o Concrete Road FLARING SYSTEM X 0 j nrT ll | Asphalt Plar 'I \ BUFFER ZONE v\ B x s 16 Figure 6. Cross Section of Landfill 10 16Omm! SDRt7 HDPE HEADER PIPE (MIN. 3X SLOPE\ TOP COVER SYSTEN 8 SEE DETAIL A 6 n Li JDIlmm NON-PERFORATED Ilmnn PERFORATED 0 .SDR17 HDPE VERTICAL SDR17 HOPE GAS RISER PIPES (TYP.) HORIZONTAL GAS -2 -4 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 90 90 100 110 DISTANCE (MTR) Figure 7. Side Slope Cover System TOP COVER SYST1 >SEE OETAJL 505 141L PVC UNER EXPOSED O MIL PVC UNER (NO COVER SOL) | ll-.--CAPPED O,Jm LONG. SOH 40 I r SOm DIAMETER PVC PRESSURE-RELEASE f1TTNG t'CyhNECTED 10 PVC UNER Bul hC.I PEhETnRAnNo THE UNIERLYNG WASTE) 17 Figure 8. Top Cover System (Detail A) (CONFIDENTIAL) g-T1 iCOISII=III=III=II F= lClj I- l II lt{UELF COMPOST MOD UULCH)lL1SIfl1-1 -0.1 kg PER mr GEOtEXTILE * 1 , I I I , A I *- .-' -lSOmm TTR, CqIsP DRASIJAGE LAYER,' 101 kg PER mn2 GEOTEXTILE . P75m COVER SOIL, COMPOST 50 MIL PVC UNER i ONLY. NO SHARP FRAGMENTS =S m 1 wow POrEFB WASTC SE NOTE- -- t- - - -- - - NOTE. EFB WASTE MUST BE r-. - fN.E..'H.E.DDE. fNLYSHED O ATH NO -.4- - 51¢ . . SHARP GFRAGMENTS THAT sWASTtE - . MIGHT PUNCTURE THE PVC J- i'1 '-..:s'4 $ t,fc>. * t4v;Ž% .$ lUNER. IF UNCERTAIN ABOUiT 7." # ~POM WASTE, PLACE A 7!5mm * r4/':4f *yZt + . s TH- THICK COMPOST LAYER ABOVE THE SHREDOED EFB. *OR LOCALLY PROOUCED 1000 IdIL COCONUT FIBER MAT Figure 9. Flaring System Flowchart Amount of electricity andlor other energy for project Amount Methane Pressure Temperature Amount of LFG Ifraction of LFG of I fra n o I ISmall scale electricity generated for project activity Quantity of LFG co mbuste d in power pl ant electricity LEGcaptured -generated LFFG captw d Amount Operation *-- - ------ --- ----- --- ----- -- --- ---- -- --- ---------- -------- ------ -------- ----------- --- - ---- -------- ----! *Note I Measurement Item 18 Figure 10. Plan View of Flaring System .~ l. , U~ N r. . . .. . . . .. .x ------- AA Figure 11. Side View of Flaring System - - - - -- --- UI 19 Mg. .F-M , W *. a nip FN M low! -4I fMW I=S L1-.9 b. Identification of keyenvironmentalissuesincludingemissions, noise, dust, odor and occupational health issues during construction, and air pollution, fire safety and other issues during operation. The proposed project involves mainly flaring activities, in which the major contaminants and pollutants are emissions from combustion during flaring. Effluent and other solid wastes from project activities will not have significant impact. During the construction phase, the environmental impacts include: * Noise, generated from transportation and installation activities; and * Dust, generated from transportation activities. These impacts will affect communities living in and near the project site. Noise can be minimized by proper design and use of a noise silencer. Dust can be minimized by using dust suppressant techniques, e.g. water spraying. Table 7. Gas Emission Generated from the Flaring of the Landfill Gas Emission Emission Source Carbon Dioxide (GO2) Combustion products of methane and other carbon compounds Water Vapor (H20) Combustion products of methane and other carbon compounds Carbon Monoxide (CO2) Product of incomplete combustion Hydrogen (H2) Product of incomplete combustion Nitrogen Oxide (NO.) Combustion products, nitrogen in fuel or secondary formation in fuel Methane (CH4) Un-burnt fuel gas (indicating incomplete combustion) Source: Guidance for Monitoring Enclosed Landfill Gas Flares, SEPA, 2004 Some environmental impacts are expected to occur during the operation phase, due to the emission of gases from flaring as a result of the combustion of methane generated in the landfill. These gases and their sources are noted in Table 1 above. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H20) are the primary gaseous emissions from the flaring. In addition, there will be emission of oxides of nitrogen (NOJ as a product of combustion. Emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (112) and methane (CH4) may occur due to incomplete combustion during flaring. There is no regulation for C02 emissions. The other emissions, i.e. NOx, CO, CH4 and H2 may have some impacts on the ambient air quality and safety of the population nearby due to fire hazards. A comparison of relevant emission standards is given in Table 8. Other environmental impacts include risks of fire and explosions; asphyxia, odor nuisance, noise, heat, and opacity. There will be potential impacts on local communities in terms of health and safety risks. The notable environmental, health and safety impacts of the flaring of LFG during the project operation phase are summarized in Table 9, along with the applicable national and international standards. The emission of gases from the flares will have an impact on ambient air quality, and on the health of workers and people who live near the proposed project site. It is recommended that a detailed dispersion analysis be conducted to determine the ambient air quality impacts using the design conditions of the flare and the local meteorological conditions. Every attempt should be made to ensure that the plume from the flare is not allowed to pass directly over human habitation under prevailing wind conditions. This is 20 I particularly important because scavenger communities are located directly within the landfill boundaries. In addition to impacts to ambient air quality and resulting risks to human health in the project site area, there are potential physical impacts of the proposed project activities. These are noted below, with a description of the receiving environment, impacted receptors, and potential mitigating actions to reduce or avoid impacts: Fire and Explosion The flares will burn relatively large amounts of fuel gas, which poses a risk of fire and explosion, leading to emissions of and exposure to CH4 and/or H2. This presents a potential health and safety risk to workers at the site, as well as communities living close to the proposed project site. The following actions should be considered to reduce potential risk and impact from fire and explosion at the project site: * Standard fire prevention devices should be made available at the project site; * The flare should be located with consideration of safety aspects, i.e. not locating the flare within enclosed spaces (e.g. within buildings) or near to the trees or other structures that could ignite at high temperatures. The gas dispersion modeling should be used to assess the safety of the location of the flare; * Access to emergency services for both workers and surrounding communities should be made available in the case of fire or explosion. Asphyxia Since an enclosed flare system is proposed for this project, there is a potential risk of asphyxia at the project location, impacting mostly workers at the project site. The enclosed flare system is used to prevent nuisance from noise and to offer protection from the weather and prevent unauthorized human access. However, the landfill gas is an asphyxiant, so adequate ventilation or systematic safeguards must be used. It is also advisable to avoid locating the flares in hollows, or other such locations where venting gases may collect. Odor Nuisance Some models of an open flare system have a large amount of unburned gases passing straight through a flame, causing odor problems. Such odors are generally caused by trace components of the landfill gas, which nevertheless exceed their associated low-odor threshold values. This often results in the general public making complaints to the landfill operators. The proposed project will use an enclosed flare system, so the impacts of odor will be reduced onsite. Noise Pollution The flare can be very noisy due to operation of mechanical equipment and from the combustion itself. The noise pollution has a potential impact on workers at the project site, as well as on the people living near the project site. To reduce the impact of noise pollution on these receptors, the flare should be located away from buildings. If this is not possible, it is necessary to employ extensive sound attenuation measures, including the construction of brick buildings around the flares with sound mufflers on the ventilation ports. 21 Under rare conditions, the low-frequency vibration generated from the turbulence within enclosed flares can cause resonance in nearby structures such as buildings and vehicles, causing nausea and headaches. This effect could be avoided by locating the flare at a great enough distance from such structures. Heat Scavenger communities nearby the project site may be exposed to the heat from the flare, depending on the physical design and location of the flare. The source of heat within the flare is as follows: * Radiative heat from the flame. This only occurs when the flare is operating above its design point; * The heat through the walls of a combustion chamber, where the combustion chamber has inadequate insulation, the outside surface temperature may be excessive, posing a problem. The impact of heat from flaring can be mitigated by proper design of the flare and site location; the flare should be located away from population centers and at a proper height. The impact of heat from flaring can also be mitigated through the use of insulation. c. Assessment of environmental impacts including those identified above. Local environmental requirements should be used to assess the impacts except for the air emissions for flaring facility where UKemission standards for flaring will be used. The environmental impacts described above will be assessed and should be ensured to meet regulation both from national standard (Kep- 13/MENLH/3/1995) and international standard (UK Emission Standard) as displayed in Table 8 and Table 9. Table 8. Emission Standards for Flaring Parameter Impact Generated Standard National' International' Carbt:n l:n,,x,de 1'co H,--alth impact No Standard .5t mg Nm I Nitrt.-'nn O(ide , NO .I H,ealrh Imp:ia 'phot.-chemkil 1,000 mg,Nmn 3 150) mg'Nni 3 smoke) Methane (CH4) Health & safety impact No Standard 10 mg/Nm3 (photochemical smoke and fire & explosion) Carbon Dioxide*** (C02) Global Warming (GHG) No Standard No Standard Water Vapor (H20) No significant impact No Standard No Standard Hydrogen (H2) Safety impact (fire & explosion) No Standard No Standard *National standard based on Indonesia National Emission Standards for Miscellaneous Industries (Kep- 13/MENLH/3/1995) ** International standards are based on the UK Emission Standards for Enclosed Landfill Gas Flares *** In landfill gas, C02 considered to be biogenic and therefore a natural part of the carbon cycle 22 Table 9. Relevant Indonesian Air Quality Standards Applicable to Flaring PWrameter Standard Carbon Monoxide (CO) 30,000 mg/ Nm3 (1 hr) 10,000 m/Nm3 (24 hrs) Nitrogen Oxide (NO) 400 mg/ Nm3 (d hr) 150 mg/ Nm3 (24 hrs) 100 mg/ Nm3 9 yr) Methane (Unburnt Hydrocarbon) CH4 160 mg/ Nm3 (3 hrs) Opacity 35% Noise 70 dB (A) Odor 0.02 pprn (as H2 S ) - Carbon Dioxide (CO2) No Standard Water Vapor (H20) No Standard Hydrogen (H20) No Standard Notes: - National standard for CO, NOx (as N02) and CH4 (as HC) are based on GR No. 41/ 1999 - National standard for odor is based on Kep-50/MENLH/11/1996 -National standard for Nuisance is based on Kep-46/MENLH/11/1996 -National standard for opacity is based on Kep - 13/MENLH/3/1995 d. Development of EMPincludingmitigation measures to address identified key environmental issues, institutional arrangements, monitoring plan, schedule and costs. The main objective of the Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP) is to identify, organize, elaborate, and adopt measures to prevent, mitigate, remediate, or compensate for the project related impacts on the environment. Actions and solutions for each identified impact of the TPA Batulayang Landfill Gas Flaring Project are listed in this section, together with the entities responsible for implementing them. The EMP considers the following types of environmental measures: - Prevention: Actions to avoid the occurrence of the impact. - Mitigation: Measures to reduce the extent of damage. - Remediation: Reconditioning, correction, or modification of the impacted environment. - Compensation: Actions to compensate for irreversible damages caused to the environment, in place or elsewhere. Table 10 summarizes the planned environmental measures for each EIA factor in the TPA Batulayang project, along with the responsible entities as listed below. (1) Landfill operator; (2) Methane capture and flaring system constructing company; (3) Methane capture and flaring system operating company; and (4) Municipality of Pontianak. 23 Table 10. Environmental Measures for TPA Batulayang Landfill Gas Flaring Project Rsosbe Expected Responibl Expected Vector Prevention entity Implementation Mitigation esponsile mplementation Entit Date and Cost Date and Cost Noise Proper design (2) During Use of safety (1) During project & location of construction gear (3) lifetime; flare system phase (May- Rp.500,000/yr June 2007); included in design cost Dust Use of dust (2) During Use of safety (1) During project suppressant construction gear (3) lifetime; Rp. techniques phase . (May- 5Million/yr June 2007); Rp 2OMillion Emission Assure (3) During project Use of safety (1) During project correct start up phase gear (3) lifetime; Rp. operation of (June 2007), 5Million/yr the methane periodically as capture and required during flaring project lifetime; system Rp. through 1OMillion/yr training. Monitor the (3) During project capture and lifetime; flaring Rp.600Million I system Fire and Standard fire (3) During project Access to (1) During project Explosion prevention lifetime; Rp. 60 emergency (3) lifetime; Rp. devices Million) services 5OMillion should be should be made made available available Locating flare (2) During with Construction consideration phase (May- of safety June 2007); aspect included in design cost Asphyxia Adequate (2) During project ventilation (3) lifetime; and Rp.2OMillion systematic safeguard must be used Odor Use enclosed (2) During project Use of safety (D) During project flare system (3) lifetime, gear (3) lifetime; Rp. included in 1,000,000/yr design cost Heat Proper design (2) During of the flare (3) construction and site phase; included location in design cost I The monitoring flow chart for the flaring system is displayed in Figure 12. 24 Figure 12. Monitoring Flow Chart of Flaring System (5) Pn:CatoDsr PSUMCUMI Control Panel. F3 Plow Controller t ( G e A n a l y ser I -r * - flame Crtrollcr (3 02 Controller | ED Temperature Indicator I T.L 9 Igniton Burner ------------ t W Moator orActuator ! - -------------------- - I - IA . C - I ==l A* or Acuao r- ---- - ------r r ,I!npr No E I FLAME ARRESIR L ---------------- ---- 2 Fan ON, 2 Fan standby I M - Rreedual Gae L -----------L-- AJR 25 4. Required skills Professional environmental engineer with more than 10years experience including experience in landfill design/operation, and environmental assessment. 5. Deliverables Deliverables will include three reports as below. The first drafts should be submitted by May 10, 2007, or earlier ifpossible.. a. Environmental Due Diligence Audit Report for the existing landfill b. Updated En vironmental Management Plan for the planned expansion of landfill c. Environmental Assessment Report for the landfill gas collection and flaring facility d. Executive summaries of the above three reports (1 page each) 26