SFG1018 V4 REV
Central Asia
Climate Adaptation and Mitigation Program for the Aral Sea Basin
Environmental Management Framework: Volume IV
Republic of Uzbekistan
May 11, 2014
Unofficial English translation. Original document in Russian can be accessed at:
http://www-
wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/ECA/2016/01/21/090224b0840e
7fa9/2_0/Rendered/PDF/Environmental00blic0of0Uzbekistan0.pdf
ABBREVIATIONS
CAMP4CA Climate Adaptation and Mitigation Program in Central Asia
CCSCA Climate Change Secretariat for Central Asia
CIGP Climate Investment Grant Program
CEP Committee for Environment Protection
DEP Department of Environmental Protection
EE Ecological Expertise
EA Environmental Assessment
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
ECA Europe and Central Asia
EMF Environmental Management Framework
EMP Environmental Management Plan
FAO Food and Agricultural Organization
GIS Geographic Information Systems
GAP Good Agricultural Practices
GOK Government of Kyrgyzstan
LEE Law on Ecological Expertise
LEP Law on Environmental Protection
ICSD Interstate Commission on Sustainable Development
ICT Information and Communication Technology
IPM Integrated Pest Management
NCU National Coordinating Unit
OP/BP Operational Policy/Best Practice
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
RSC Regional Steering Committee
PEE Personal Protection Equipment
SCE State Committee for Environment
SCEPF State Committee for Environment Protection and Forestry (Tajikistan)
SEE State Ecological Expertise
TOT Training of Trainers
TWG Technical Working Group
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CONTENT
Executive Summary 4
1. Background 7
1.1 Country Context 7
1.2 Sectoral and Institutional Context 8
2. Program Description 11
2.1 Program Objectives 11
2.2 Key Results 11
2.3 Scope of Program 11
2.4 Implementation Arrangements 19
3. National Environmental Assessment Policies and Regulatory Frameworks 21
4. The World Bank Safeguard Policies 25
5. Comparison of National Legislation and World Bank Environmental Assessment
Requirements 35
6. Analysis of Potential Environmental Impacts and Risks Climate Resilience
Investments 37
7. Environmental Guidelines 43
8. Integrated Pest Management 47
9. EMF Institutional Arrangements and Capacity Building 57
10. Environmental Supervision and Reporting 60
11. EMF Disclosure 60
Annexes 61
Attachment 1. Environmental Screening Checklist
Annex 1 Part 1: Grant Recipient Environmental Screening Checklist
Annex 1 Part 2: Environmental Screening Checklist
Annex 1 Part 3: Final Environmental Screening Checklist
Annex 1 Part 4: Field Inspection Checklist
Annex 1 Part 5: Terms of Reference for Environment Impact Assessment
Annex 1 Part 6: Recommended Structure for Pest Management Plan
Annex 2. Environmental Categorization
Annex 3. Terms of Reference for the NCU Environmental Safeguard Specialist
Annex 4. Report of Consultation of Draft Country Specific EMFs
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Project objective. The Climate Adaptation and Mitigation Program for Central Asia
(CAMP4CA) is aimed at supporting the integrated development of climate-smart information,
institutions, and investment capacities throughout the countries of Central Asia. This is expected
to be achieved through strengthened coordination mechanisms; improved information gathering,
sharing, and analysis for decision support; and demonstration of innovative, climate-smart action
for potential scale up. In particular, the project will support two main components, the first that is
aimed at supporting the establishment and operation of a new institutional platform for regional
dialogue and collaboration on climate-change related issues, namely a Climate Change
Secretariat for Central Asia (CCSCA). The second is aimed at supporting climate investments for
national rural production, land resource management, and other resilience and mitigation
investments in Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, for testing and scaling-up climate-
smart approaches and technologies.
Project Location. The Climate Investment Subproject Program (CIGP) would be conducted in
selected areas of participating countries that are vulnerable to climate change. These areas are
expected to include each of the major agro-ecological systems (rangelands, mountains, irrigated
and arid) of the participating countries, which will be further narrowed based on the criteria
below. The final selection of project areas will be made at the project outset based on climate
vulnerability such as extent of land and vegetation degradation, expected water shortages, and
predicted increase in temperature; located in the parts of the country with the highest share of
bottom 40% population; and areas having the largest concentration of population outside
municipal centers.
Project category. In accordance with the Bank’s safeguard policies and procedures, including
OP/BP/GP 4.01 Environmental Assessment, the project is classified as Category B for which an
Environmental Assessment (EIA) with Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is required. As
before Appraisal it is not possible to identify which CIGPs will be financed, the appropriate EA
instrument is the Environmental Management Framework (EMF) which would specify all rules
and procedures for the CIGP sub-projects Environmental Assessment (EIA).
Purpose of Environmental Management Framework. The purpose of the EMF is to provide the
World Bank’s and the participating governments rules and procedures for project Environmental
Impacts Assessment (EIA), identify the significant environmental impacts of the project (both
positive and negative), to outline rules and procedure for the CIGP sub-projects environmental
screening and to specify appropriate preventive actions and mitigation measures (including
appropriate monitoring plan) to prevent, eliminate or minimize any anticipated adverse impacts
on environment. The EMF report was prepared based on the following: (i) analysis of the
existing national legal documents, regulations and guidelines; (ii) World Bank safeguard
policies, as well as other guiding materials; (iii) existing EMFs for similar World Bank projects,
and (iv) experience of EMF implementation of ongoing World Bank funded projects in the
CAMP4CA countries. Based on the EMF, each participating country will revise and adjust the
document to suit their specific needs and conditions.
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EA Institutional capacities to perform environmental safeguards. The evaluation of the EA
institutional capacity has shown that most national institutions and implementing entities
although having basic capacities to perform their duties concerning EA and enforcing the EMF
provisions, there is need for additional capacity building activities. In this regard the Project will
support additional staffing, capacity building and training activities to ensure the environmental
requirements and the EMF provisions would be fully implemented. A special attention will be
paid to training of Environmental Safeguard Specialists in the National Coordinating Units
(NCUs) of each participating country so as manage the CIGP environment assessment review,
approval, oversight and monitoring process in subprojects. Special capacity building activities
will be conducted for potential subproject recipients and the participating banks, which will
arrange investment financing.
Potential environmental impacts. The project will support mostly small-scale types of
agricultural and horticultural activities, agro-forestry and rangeland management and alternative
energy production systems. None of these activities are expected to cause significant
environmental impacts which may fall under the Category A projects and for which a full EIA
would be required (it was decided none of category A subprojects will be supported under the
proposed CIGP grant investment line). However, the majority of sub-projects might cause some
level of environmental impacts that would fall under the Category B projects in accordance with
the Bank OP/BP 4.01 (small scale agriculture and horticulture improvements; small scale
rehabilitation and maintenance of rangelands and off-grid renewable energy activities, plantation
of new agro-forestry and orchards etc.), for which the Bank requires a simple and/or a partial
Environmental Assessment and/or preparing an Environmental Management Plan. It is also
expected that many of the subprojects supported by CIGP grants will not have environmental
impacts and will fall under the Category C in accordance with OP/BP 4.01 (especially those
related to purchasing of new agricultural machinery, small farm infrastructure, water
management, rehabilitation of agricultural lands, etc.). Furthermore, it is expected the selected
CIGP subprojects will not be located in protected areas, critical habitats or culturally or socially
sensitive areas, which will be ensured during the CIGP subprojects screening and EIA.
The potential adverse environmental impacts of proposed types of CIGP subprojects might be
summarized as follows: (a) agricultural production: soil erosion, loss of soil productive capacity,
soil compaction, soil pollution, surface and underground water pollution, loss of biodiversity; (b)
small scale construction and/or rehabilitation of the existing premises: soil and air pollution;
acoustic, construction wastes; (iii) on-farm irrigation and water management: increased soil
erosion and water table rise, construction-related impacts; (iv) pasture and rangeland
management: soil erosion and soil compacting through extensive use, loss of native fodder
species; (v) sloping land horticulture: soil erosion and soil movement; (vi) participatory forestry
and agro-forestry: soil erosion, loss of biodiversity; and (vii) off-grid renewable energy
production: reduction of downstream flows, water table fluctuations, land erosion, etc. All these
impacts are expected to be easily mitigated through good project design and implementation
practices.
Potential social impacts. The CIGP sub-projects will generate a great number of both direct and
indirect positive impacts. Direct positive impacts will be generated by increased production,
products and goods which would result in creation of new jobs and respectively, more
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employment and increased income. Indirect positive impacts will relate to overall improving of
business environment, introduction of advanced agricultural technologies and techniques, 6
contribution to poverty reduction and food safety. Potential indirect adverse social impacts can
be related to increase water pollution due to more usage of chemicals in agriculture.
Environment Management Framework (EMF). The document outlines EA procedures and
mitigation requirements in line with both national and World Bank policies for the CIGP
subprojects which will be supported by the project. It provides details on procedures, criteria and
responsibilities for CIGP subprojects EA, including, screening, review and approval,
implementing, monitoring, supervision and reporting. The document also includes environmental
guidelines for different types of proposed CIGP subprojects providing analysis of potential
impacts and generic mitigation measures to be undertaken for subprojects in key support sectors
at all stages - from identification and selection, through the design and implementation phase, to
the monitoring and evaluation of results. Lastly, the EMF includes a section on pest management
that outlines the procedures for ensuring the safe handling, storage and use of pesticides and
promotion of integrated pest management as an alternative option for the use of pesticides.
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1. Background
1.1 Country Context
The five Central Asian countries1, which are among the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region’s
most vulnerable to climate change, face common climate challenges, affecting key resources and
sectors such as water, land, biodiversity and ecosystems, agriculture, energy, and human health.
Average annual temperatures across the region have increased since the mid-20th century by
0.5°C in the south to 1.6°C in the north and impacts are already being observed, from melting
glaciers in upland areas to droughts and floods in the lowlands. Under current greenhouse gas
trajectories, climate change is expected to intensify over the coming decades, leading to more
variability and instability in the region’s water resources and rising costs for development
sectors. Building resilience to climate change is a priority in Central Asia, including by tackling
the non-climatic drivers of vulnerability in the region, such as inefficient infrastructure,
unsustainable land and water management, rural poverty, and low adaptive capacity to ongoing
and future changes.
The greatest risks from climate change in Central Asia are focused on the agriculture, energy,
and water resources sectors (see Box 1), and extend across national borders, through connectivity
in land and water systems as well as social and economic interactions (e.g., migratory flows,
food and energy markets). For example, the Syr Darya River, one of the two largest rivers in
Central Asia, originates in the mountains of Kyrgyz Republic and is mainly fed by glacier and
snow melt. The river then flows through Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan, where it is
utilized for large-scale irrigated agriculture, particularly cotton and wheat production, and ends
in the Aral Sea. While the water flow could increase in the short term (as a consequence of
glacier melt), the hydrologic changes in the long run (from changes in snow/ice accumulation
and melt, enhanced evaporation and crop water requirements, and uncertain precipitation
changes) could have dramatically adverse social, economic, and environmental consequences on
irrigation-dependent agriculture across Central Asia. The story is similar for the other major
Central Asian river, the Amu Darya River, that originates in the mountains of Tajikistan and
Afghanistan. The region’s vulnerability will be further exacerbated by inefficient water use, lack
of infrastructure, limited enforcement of regulations, as well as environmental degradation.
1
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
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Box 1: Climate Change Impacts in Central Asia: Water Scarcity Challenges for Agricultural
Production
While rising temperatures are expected throughout Central Asia, reaching an increase of 7°C relative
to 1951-1980 by the end of the 21st century in a 4°C warmer world, precipitation projections for the
region are highly uncertain, with models often not agreeing on the direction of change. The main
impacts on water resources are therefore expected through changes in the cryosphere and its water
storage potential.
In Central Asia, glaciers are projected to lose up to 50% in volume in a 2°C warmer world, and
potentially up to 75% in a 4°C warmer world. Concurrently, a 25% decrease in snow cover is
expected in the Northern hemisphere with 4°C warming. Glaciers in the region have already shrunk
by one-third in volume since the beginning of the 20th century.
For the Amu and Syr Darya river basins, glacier area retreat in glacial extent for the period 2007-2050
(in a 2°C warmer world) is projected to decline by 54 to 65% over the period 2007-2050 in a 2°C
warmer world (Lutz, A. F. et al. 2013). Projections of volume loss for the end of the century are in the
range of 50 to 78% in a 4°C warmer world (Marzeion et al. 2012). While glaciers store water over
decades to centuries, the seasonal snow pack stores water mainly at a shorter intra-annual time scale.
With a projected smaller fraction of precipitation falling as snow, expected snowpack changes pose
another threat to freshwater availability. Snowmelt contributes more than glaciers currently to Syr
Darya (70 percent from snowmelt and 9 percent from glacier melt) and Amu Darya (45 percent of
mean annual flows from snowmelt and 25 percent from glacier melt) basins (Savoskul and Smakhtin,
2013).
In the coming decades, river runoff is projected to increase due to enhanced glacial melt rates, and to
then decrease through the second half of the century. By around 2030, this increase is expected to
level off, as rising land surface temperatures lead to higher evaporation. By the end of the 21st
century a noticeable decrease in the runoff of the Syr Darya is expected, and even more so for the
Amu Darya given its higher share of glacier melt water. Critical for water resource availability, the
timing of peak flows is projected to shift towards spring, resulting in a 25% reduction in discharge
during the mid-summer period (July and August) in a 2°C warmer world. As a result, less water will
be available during the crop-growing season.
Reductions in water availability are predicted to occur along with an increasing demand for irrigation
water of about 30% in 4°C warmer world. Combined with increased heat extremes that negatively
affect crop productivity, substantial risks for irrigated and rainfed agricultural systems can also be
expected.
1.2 Sectoral and Institutional Context
Many of the key development sectors in Central Asia are vulnerable to climate change. For
example, in agriculture, which is critical for the largely rural livelihoods in the region, cropping
system productivity (including in both rainfed and irrigated systems) is sensitive to variations in
rainfall, hydrologic flows modulated by snow accumulation and melt, system storage, as well as
evapotranspiration. Energy systems are sensitive to hydrologic changes (e.g., in the case of
hydropower), demand changes (e.g., in warmer areas in summer), the impact of extreme events
on transmission systems, as well as sensitive to mitigation actions (e.g., in the case of fossil
fuels). Across sectors (e.g., food/nutrition, energy, water, health), women tend to be more
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affected by climate change, owing in particular to their unequal access to, and control over,
resources, particularly in rural areas, making them more vulnerable to poverty and climate
change. Climate change will exacerbate such problems, calling for responses that consider a
gender perspective in achieving sustainable, climate-resilient development.
However, the fundamental information, institutional, and investment infrastructure required to
manage these existing and evolving climate risks effectively are inadequate from a regional
perspective, especially in the post-soviet era. Information needs include: improved climate and
water resource monitoring systems (that are often dilapidated and outdated) and public domain
access to such information (which is currently extremely poor), improved integration of a rich
variety of earth observation data, improved analytical tools, and improved generation of public-
domain knowledge products and services. On Institutions, this includes a need to modernize the
capacity of critical institutions managing climate and water monitoring and analysis and sectoral
planning and operations, improved regional networking and awareness-building, improved
research on targeted knowledge gaps, and improved consideration of climate issues in sectoral
and regional planning. Investments are urgently needed to identify and implement “climate-
smart�? actions in key sectors, and to pilot integrated and innovative resource management
approaches for climate resilience.
The emerging climate change impacts in Central Asia are becoming well-recognized and the
countries are focusing on reducing vulnerability and moving towards climate-smart
development. For example, there is a Bank-financed activity underway to initiate modernization
of the region’s hydro-meteorological services that are critical for early warning. Kazakhstan has
initiated work on the Clean Technology Fund, including an innovative Carbon trading program,
and Tajikistan has developed a Strategic Program for Climate Resilience, with five investment
and capacity-building activities. However, climate change does not yet receive high priority in
terms of designing critical measures - both at the national and regional levels. Hence, a
coordinated and integrated approach toward climate resilience and poverty reduction is needed.
This will help improve the effectiveness of national climate actions, as well as maximize
synergies across the sectors and countries. In particular, a coordinated approach will enhance (i)
complementarities (e.g., agricultural trade, regional power markets, insurance mechanisms, etc.);
(ii) economies of scale (e.g., shared research and knowledge efforts); (iii) strategic planning and
financing (e.g., access to climate finance, collaboration with development partners); and (iv)
innovation and experience-sharing (e.g., replication and scaling-up across countries of successful
pilots).
Acknowledging that climate risks transcend borders between Central Asian countries, the
inaugural Central Asia Climate Knowledge Forum, held in June 2013 in Almaty, Kazakhstan,
emphasized the need for countries to collaborate in effective and scaled-up resilience. Since
then, the Forum has emerged as a platform to encourage learning, dialogue, and collaboration
among Central Asian countries on climate-resilient development, including establishing the
building blocks of a regional program for climate resilience. The 2nd Central Asia Climate
Knowledge Forum, held in May 2014 in Almaty, Kazakhstan, concluded with a call from all five
Central Asian countries for a regional program on climate resilience to strengthen climate-smart
information, institutions and capacity for cross-sectoral and cross-country planning, and
investment preparation and implementation, in order to increase regional collaboration in the
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long-term. All five countries agreed that a regional program for climate adaptation and
mitigation is extremely timely and can build on, and strengthen, existing experience and
initiatives in the region. Work by the Central Asia Technical Working Group on Climate
Change2 also indicated that the countries are facing similar sectoral challenges where resilience
must be strengthened (e.g., agriculture, water, energy, health, forestry, and biodiversity) as well
as gaps for addressing these challenges (e.g., knowledge and capacity, lack of an enabling
regulatory framework, and access to finance and technology). These commonalities lend
themselves well to a systematic and integrated approach at the regional scale that can improve
the effectiveness of the response in each country, by maximizing synergies across sectors.
2
A group of technical experts nominated by the Governments of the five Central Asian countries to work across borders and sectors on climate-
smart solutions
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2. Program Description
In Central Asia, climate change risks transcend national boundaries, through inter-connections of
land and water systems as well as social and economic interactions, and regional-scale solutions
are needed for effective and scaled-up resilience. At the Second Central Asia Climate
Knowledge Forum in May 2014, all five Central Asia countries called for a regional program on
climate action, to be prepared by the World Bank in partnership with Central Asia countries and
development partners. The Climate Adaptation and Mitigation Program for Central Asia
(CAMP4CA) meets this call and aims to establish a platform for greater collaboration on
climate-related issues, which will support the integrated development of climate-smart
information, institutions, and investment capacities in Central Asia.
2.1 Program Objectives
The objective of the Climate Adaptation and Mitigation Program for Central Asia (CAMP4CA)
program is to support the integrated development of climate-smart information, institutions, and
investment capacities throughout the countries of Central Asia. This is expected to be achieved
through strengthened coordination mechanisms; improved information gathering, sharing, and
analysis for decision support; and demonstration of innovative, climate-smart action for potential
scale up.
2.2 Key Results
Progress towards achieving the PDO will be measured using the following indicators and end of
project targets:
Climate Change Secretariat for Central Asia established and functioning to
provide overall program coordination and ensure collaboration among national
counterparts
Number of participating countries that upscale climate investment programs,
based on improved knowledge of technologies, costs, and impacts
Number of regional climate coordination networks supported under program,
enabling intra-government, sectoral, NGO, etc. cooperation
Percentage of users satisfied with climate assessment IT platform
Government sectoral specialists and broad set of NGO stakeholders participate in
regional climate coordination mechanisms
Number of villages supported in introducing climate resilience measures
Percentage of female beneficiaries will be at least 30%
2.3 Scope of the Program
CAMP4CA will consist of two interrelated components:
Component 1 – Climate Knowledge Services and Implementation Facilitation will
support the establishment and operation of a new institutional platform for regional
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dialogue and collaboration on climate-change related issues, namely a Climate Change
Secretariat for Central Asia (CCSCA). It is expected that this Climate Secretariat will be
established under the Interstate Commission on Sustainable Development (ICSD), a
formal regional institution, comprising all five countries and established under charter in
1993 through Presidential signature. The Secretariat will facilitate regional knowledge
sharing and provide overall implementation under the program.
Component 2 – Climate Investments will provide support for national rural production,
land resource management, and other resilience and mitigation investments in
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, for testing and scaling-up
climate-smart approaches and technologies. Investments may also be financed in
Turkmenistan at a later stage during program implementation, subject to country
financing for the program. Results of the national pilots will be shared through activities
supported by the Secretariat to ensure that lessons learned benefit all countries in the
region. These investments would be financed through a Climate Investment Grant
Program (CIGP), or loans as may be preferred by the participating countries, in selected
climate vulnerable sites, with the aim of increasing climate resiliency as well as
improving rural livelihoods.
Component 1: Climate Knowledge Services and Implementation Facilitation
Sub-Component 1.1: Climate Knowledge Services
This sub-component will contribute to the development of a unified, regional analytical platform
for climate-smart development in Central Asia, with improved data, information, knowledge, and
decision-support tools. Under the oversight of the Regional Steering Committee (RSC) and in
close collaboration with national entities, the Climate Secretariat will develop activity programs
to enhance regional climate knowledge services. The Secretariat will also oversee the delivery of
such activity programs. These programs could include the following types of climate knowledge
services:
Strengthening the IT platform for Central Asia climate data and information to facilitate
public-domain collection, sharing, and maintenance of datasets relevant for climate-smart
assessment. This platform will build on existing systems to collate, analyze, disseminate,
and use climate-change relevant data. The platform (including supporting ICT hardware,
software, connectivity, datasets, access to expertise, and training) would facilitate data
computerization, collation of comprehensive spatial (GIS, remote sensing) and temporal
datasets from global, regional, and local sources, and real-time collation (including from
earth observation and hydro-meteorological systems, crowd sourcing information, and
feedback). The platform would also offer interfaces and tools for data visualization,
contextualization, and interpretation, such as GIS to layer data and map risks and
hotspots, screening and modelling tools to support analysis for climate adaptation and
mitigation. The platform would make available a comprehensive and up-to-date data and
information base, which could be shared and leveraged through public-domain access
platforms and the creation of a range of knowledge products and services.
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Targeted upgrading of climate-related monitoring systems. This activity would provide
improved monitoring systems and data series to support project activities (e.g., snow,
permafrost, and glacier/cryosphere surveys and monitoring, agricultural systems
monitoring). In conjunction with other regional and national activities, this monitoring
system is expected to facilitate the building of a shared public-domain knowledge base
for climate resilience and low-carbon growth.
Developing methodologies, approaches, and tools to support the use of the knowledge
base for decision-support. This is expected to include developing/adapting climate
screening tools for specific sectors, climate impact assessment and management
analytical tools, and support for climate-related decision making. These approaches and
tools would be developed in conjunction with other regional and national programs.
Developing knowledge products such as web portals (including the CAMP4CA web
portal that would be a conduit to access the knowledge base, products, tools, and
documentation created with project support), mobile Apps, hardcopy and interactive
Atlases, interactive toolkits, climate risk and vulnerability analyses (e.g., by sector or
countries), and special analytical work (e.g., studies and surveys). This activity would
seek to incorporate and build upon current experience in the region (e.g., that of
CAEWDP and FLERMONECA), and operate in synergy with other initiatives (e.g.,
proposed Central Asia Water Resources Project). A special focus would be on knowledge
products to improve information and awareness in the public domain: the Secretariat
would for instance work with the countries to produce a Climate & Sustainability Report
every two years on trends and indicators in the region for climate as well as
environmental and socio-economic impacts.
Capacity and coalition building, which would include activities related to:
- Modernization of offices: In synergy with other projects (e.g., the proposed Central
Asia Water Resources Project) to modernize climate-related offices in terms of
limited civil works, equipment, and processes, including for operational
control/situation rooms, videoconferencing, computer training rooms, digital libraries,
and office IT modernization as required.
- Improved documentation and training material development: This would include
preparing improved documentation about new techniques and technologies for
climate-smart development, such as case studies from past and ongoing
demonstrations/pilots (including from CAMP4CA investments and global
experiences) to extract lessons and good practices in a structured and systematic
manner in order to inform adaptive management, design of future investments, and
scaling-up of demonstration investments. Dissemination material, targeting different
audiences (e.g., decision-makers, entrepreneurs, youth, citizens) would also be
prepared and on longer term, this material would constitute a regional repository of
climate-smart solutions to inspire, inform, and enable transformation. Documentation
and training material would be made available through hardcopy and electronic
means (including via CAMP4CA web portal). Communication products would also
include CAMP4CA newsletters, videos and other multi-media products, as well as 14
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virtual communities of practice to highlight ongoing and proposed national and
regional activities, achievements, and lessons.
- Training and knowledge exchange mechanisms:
Distance learning (e.g., using video conference/online systems, webinars, etc.) as
well as face-to-face training and discussion sessions and forums. Special hands-on
courses (e.g., using GIS, models, online services, Apps) would be designed and
delivered on a regular basis using computer training rooms at regional/national
level. It is expected that this would help access, and contribute to, global good
practice in shared-vision climate-smart development, build professional networks,
and improve the capacity to mainstream climate change considerations into
policy, investment, and livelihood decisions.
Field trips and workshops to reduce transaction costs for knowledge exchange
and cross-learning, with a special focus on cross-sectoral and cross-regional
learning (e.g., bringing together technical staff from several countries’ agriculture
and environment ministries to share lessons from pilots and to discuss common
approaches; making available international expertise on a specific topic of interest
to a group of countries in the region; working with countries on reviewing
development plans to assess climate vulnerabilities and options for resilient
development investments).
Internship/Visiting Expert Program: An innovative effort under CAMP4CA
would be to develop mechanisms to engage young professionals (e.g., pursuing
graduate studies in relevant fields) from Central Asia countries to work together
on developing the knowledge base as well as knowledge and communication
products on climate action. This is intended not only to in-source valuable
cutting-edge skills to help address climate challenges, but also to develop
professional networking among the next generation of specialists in the region.
Efforts would also be made to facilitate a program of professional exchanges
through short-term re-deployment and staff-exchanges in the region. Efforts
would also be made to improve professional networking within Central Asia as
well as with global expertise through facilitating membership in professional
organizations, professional journal subscriptions, and participation in professional
meetings.
Climate Change Knowledge Forum for Central Asia, as a continuing annual event
for knowledge and experience sharing across a broad cross-section of
stakeholders (e.g., representatives from Central Asia governments, regional
organizations, civil society organizations, national and regional knowledge and
learning institutions, and development partners active in the region). The Forum,
where the call for CAMP4CA was launched by the five Central Asia countries in
May 2014, is expected to become a major regional platform for regular
knowledge exchange and collaboration, including for engagement and
consultations around CAMP4CA’s results, opportunities for scaling up successful
pilot investments with development partners and other interested stakeholders,
and future orientations for the Program.
Climate Knowledge Collaborative Networks, to catalyze information and
knowledge exchange, collaboration around initiatives, and the emergence of
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action-oriented communities and citizen feedback. This could be facilitated by 15
the CAMP4CA web portal, Apps, and other online knowledge networking tools.
This will also build on communities of practice such as the Water-Energy-Climate
Knowledge Network, initiated under CAEDWP, and the Central Asia Climate
Resilience Community, a grouping of Civil Society Organizations set up
following the May 2014 Climate Forum. These knowledge networks would be
used to help design and implement a massive outreach campaign, for awareness-
raising and consensus on climate action. In addition to media channels, this
campaign could include: (i) training sessions to journalists; and (ii) “appathons�?
or other such competitions (e.g., Innovation Marketplace) to effectively engage
the next generation in contributing to climate innovations.
Technical Helpdesk: The project would also seek to develop a mechanism to
institutionalize regional and national helpdesk functions to facilitate access to
climate-related data, maps, tools, knowledge base, presentation and training
material, reports and other knowledge products, and expertise.
Sub-Component 1.2: Climate Secretariat Services
This sub-component would support the Climate Change Secretariat for Central Asia (CCSCA) in
facilitating CAMP4CA implementation. This would include support for the operating costs of
project management functions. Key functions include procurement and financial management
(which will possibly be outsourced to a third-party fiduciary agent), as well as coordination,
reporting, and monitoring and evaluation, to promote effective implementation and adaptive
management of all CAMP4CA activities. The Secretariat would operate under the guidance of
the Regional Steering Committee (RSC), and in close collaboration with National Coordination
Units (NCUs), to ensure national ownership and effective regional coordination. The Secretariat
would carry out the following activities:
Review investment proposals, proposed by NCUs, for completeness and submit
recommendations to RSC;
Propose an annual workplan for RSC’s consideration and approval, covering in particular
climate knowledge service activities as well as climate resilience pilot investments;
Prepare every two years a Climate & Sustainability Report for Central Asia, for RSC
consideration;
Prepare quarterly and annual activity monitoring reports for RSC consideration;
Send instructions (as per RSC guidance) to third-party fiduciary agent managing
CAMP4CA resources, on procurement and disbursements under the program;
Provide support for RSC meetings (e.g., prepare background documentation, strategy
papers,3 arrange logistics, etc.).
3
These papers could take the form of roadmaps, with concrete recommendations on information generation and dissemination, institutional
capacity building, policy reform, investment in infrastructure, with an emphasis on areas where a regional coordinated answer would yield
additional value. As an example, the papers could address: (i) modernization of systems for the provision of seeds and cultivars (since more
diverse and adapted species can enhance resilience); (ii) provision to farmers of agro-meteorological information that matters (looking at needs
and options in the chain monitoring systems and weather forecasting, climate change models, knowledge and skills, communication channels
with farmers, options available to farmers); and (iii) regional risk-sharing mechanisms for the agricultural sector (including agricultural insurance
scheme).
15
Financing will be provided for fixed and or short-term specialists to staff the Secretariat.4 It is
anticipated that countries later may second staff to support Secretariat functions. The Component
would also support equipment and incremental operating expenses (including travel) for the
Secretariat. In addition, consultant support and operating costs will be provided to NCUs to
support these units in awareness raising and training activities under the program, investment
proposal reviews, monitoring, reporting, environmental management, social development, and in
other areas as per approved work plans.
Component 2: Climate Investment Grant/Loan Program (CIGP)
Project Area. The CIGP would be conducted in selected areas of participating countries that are
vulnerable to climate change. These areas are expected to include each of the major agro-
ecological systems (rangelands, mountains, irrigated and arid) of the participating countries,
which will be further narrowed based on the criteria below. The final selection of project areas
will be made at the project outset. The following criteria would be used for selecting priority
areas:
Located in climate-vulnerable areas of Central Asia, based on the extent of land and
vegetation degradation, expected water shortages, and predicted increase in temperature
(alternative: extreme events, e.g., floods, droughts);
Located in the parts of the country with the highest share of bottom 40% population (e.g.,
with the largest share of the bottom two quantiles of the population with the lowest
incomes);
Have the largest concentration of population outside municipal centers (i.e., the proposed
activities would benefit a large number of rural population).
Sub-Component 2.1: Awareness, Capacity Building and Community Support
The objective of this sub-component is to build the capacity of local institutions, private sector,
NGOs, and other civil society organizations in areas relevant to the project (such as on various
technologies for improved climate resilience in water, soil management, agro-forestry, etc.) and
community development, to enable them to provide assistance to vulnerable communities in
benefiting from project activities. The sub-component will also finance capacity building for
communities to understand the importance, availability, and menu of climate resilience
measures, and to apply for grants/loans to implement and scale up the relevant climate resilience
measures at the community level.
A Technical Advisor5 to the component will be hired to carry out the Training-of-Trainers (TOT)
of service providers (i.e., Trainers-Consultants) – private sector, NGOs and other organizations
that will have been hired on a competitive basis to work with the villages and communities. The
project approach is participatory, to ensure transparency. The Trainers-Consultants will (i) raise
awareness of communities on the importance of climate change effects and adaptation and
mitigation measures; (ii) facilitate the community discussions to agree on the set of priority
4
Expected to include a Director, three technical specialists covering respectively agriculture, water, and climate change, a liaison/communication
officer, an accountant, and two administrative support staff.
5
Such as, selected centers of the CGIAR system and others.
16
measures for implementation; (iii) help with preparing a Summary Proposal for grant support, as
well as the Full Proposal; (iv) assist the community, together with the Technical Advisor (if
needed), in the implementation of the agreed investment measures; as well as (v) prepare a
subproject results and lessons report for submission to the NCU for knowledge depositary and
sharing. Farmers, farmer groups, private companies, water users associations, pasture
management and/or user groups and other private business representatives will also be able to
request support from the Trainers-Consultants in preparing applications for grant funding.
Awareness Raising on Climate Change Issues. The Trainers-Consultants will carry out a
public awareness campaign in the project areas, to sensitize the potential target population of the
expected climate change impacts, as well as inform the target population of the menu of
available activities to adapt to and mitigate climate change. Among other things, the potential
target beneficiaries will be informed of the grant program through this campaign which will
include information dissemination on both the training activities and the investments funding.
Information will also be disseminated through local authorities, local NGOs. Use of female
interlocutors targeting potential female beneficiaries will also be explored.
Beneficiary Training. The beneficiaries would receive relevant training on the various climate
resilience measures relevant to their situation and on how to apply for the funding from the
investment program.
Participatory Investment Proposal Preparation. Two aspects of the proposed approach to the
training and – subsequently – grant/loan proposal development are highlighted:
i. Predominantly “landscape-based�?, i.e., to the extent possible, an integrated set of
measures for climate resilience will be developed. For instance, drip irrigation, which is a
water-saving irrigation technology may be coupled with development of tree-crops or
vegetables, to maximize the economic and financial viability of the proposed investment.
ii. Participatory, in particular in respect of the community/village grants. Households
from villages or groups of villages (mahallas), led by the Trainers-Consultants and
the village elderly (aksakals) will prioritize the issues stemming from climate change,
receive training on the appropriate adaptation and/or mitigation measures, and agree
on the set of appropriate measures, the required grant/loan amount and the beneficiary
contribution.
Sub-Component 2.2: Investment Grant/Loan Financing
Loans (including microfinance) will be provided for Uzbekistan through financial
institutions/banks supported through a special loan facility. The facility will ensure financing in
the form of loans, leases and microfinance transactions (for example, for micro enterprises). The
maximum amount of finance will not exceed $300,000 per recipient, with a minimum of 10% of
co-finance required from the borrower. To take part in the scheme, the banks will need to meet a
number of eligibility criteria such as the availability of a satisfactory financial and management
structure, sufficient equity, asset quality, and acceptable lending activity in the most recent year,
adequate liquidity, and satisfactory management of technical personnel and other resources,
17
necessary for ensuring effective financial transactions. The project will provide technical
assistance to these financial institutions to improve their skills in assessing investment subproject
proposals envisioning the use of land, water, agriculture, and power.
Eligible Investments under the program are expected to primarily support the following areas:
i. Crop diversification, climate-resilient seed/sapling variety and seed system support
measures;
ii. On-farm water resource management and efficiency improvement measures;
iii. Land degradation control through agro-forestry and rangeland management measures;
iv. Promotion of stability and sustainability of mountain ecosystems and livelihoods;
v. Conservation agriculture.
As an example, investments to be supported could include:
i. Improving productivity of field and horticultural crops, by adopting new and appropriate
technologies:
- Establishing simple low cost green houses
- Fodder seed (both pulses and grass) production
- Private nurseries
- Vineyards and orchards
- Improved cropping systems, such as crop diversification
- Improved crop and tree varieties (wood lots)
- Improved seed varieties (e.g., more tolerant to drought, pest, disease and salinity),
including using community-revolving seed funds
ii. Improving on-farm water management
- Drip and plastic tube irrigation
- Land leveling
- Planting shelter belts
- Irrigation scheduling
- Alternate furrow irrigation
iii. Improving pasture and rangeland management
- Infrastructure to access and use remote pastures
- Small machinery to produce and harvest fodder
- Rehabilitation measures for degraded areas
iv. Sloping land horticulture on the steep lands
- Contour planting of fruit and nut trees on rainfed land
- Terraced orchards (ring and basin systems)
- Orchards with drip/basin irrigation, mulching
- Use of live fences
v. Pest and disease control
- Biological controls
- Integrated pest management (with use of bio-pesticides only)
18
vi. Participatory Forestry and Agro-forestry Management
vii. Improving farmers’ access to weather forecasting information for decision-making
viii. Off-grid renewable energy for remote rural communities.6
Beneficiaries of the investment sub-projects will be villages, or village communities (mahallas),
as well as private farmers interested in introducing climate resilience measures located in the
Project Areas.
The implementation of the investment program will be assisted by the Trainers-Consultants, and
– if needed – the Technical Advisor; and monitored by the NCU. Beneficiaries will be monitored
to ensure that implementation takes place as agreed, and once in operation, each investment will
be evaluated to assess its costs and benefits. Detailed operational guidelines for the investment
program will be developed before the project effectiveness.
Eligibility Criteria for Investments7
i. Located in the project area;
ii. Is included in the eligible types of investment;
iii. Is cost effective based on a cost-benefit analysis (long-term benefits outweigh the costs);
iv. The Beneficiary has the necessary resources to ensure post-project sustainability of the
investment;
v. Sub-project can be replicated by other interested parties;
vi. The required contribution of the Beneficiary has been confirmed.
2.4 Implementation Arrangements
The proposed implementation arrangements will ensure a balance between national ownership
and effective regional coordination (managed by the Secretariat). CAMP4CA implementation
arrangements are expected to include:
Given its mandate to coordinate and manage regional cooperation on sustainable development in
Central Asia countries, the Interstate Commission for Sustainable Development (ICSD) will
serve as the implementing agency for the Program's regional, cross-cutting activities. The
Program’s proposed management arrangements will ensure a balance between effective regional
and national coordination. These management arrangements are expected to include:
a) A Climate Change Secretariat for Central Asia (CCSCA) under ICSD to provide
overall program coordination in collaboration with national agencies. The CCSCA
will be responsible for considering investment proposals submitted by national
authorities, preparing annual work plans, and arranging activities involving climate
information services. Staffing of the CCSCA will be initially contracted, and will
6
Primarily expected for Kazakhstan in Phase II of the project.
7
Mitigation co-benefit from the sub-projects will also need to be calculated, however, it will not be a formal eligibility requirement.
19
include a Director, technical specialists, a communications officer, an accountant, and
two administrative assistants.
b) National Coordination Units (NCUs), in each participating country, operating under
the supervision of a national focal point and Technical Working Group (TWG), will
be responsible for ensuring awareness raising and outreach of grant investment
opportunities, providing training for grant proposal preparation, screening proposals,
submitting investment proposals to the CCSCA based on focal point and TWG
recommendations, monitoring investment implementation, and ensuring compliance
with Bank safeguards.
c) The Component 2 of the Program follows the concept of community-driven
development with village communities and other community groups, such as farmers,
water user associations, and pasture user groups, taking responsibility for the choice,
design, and management of rural investments and resource management plans. In
support of sub-component 2.2, experienced NGOs will coordinate with local
government, other local NGOs, and other supporting organizations, as needed, to
provide facilitation support. This support will include participatory investment
planning and implementation, and will help build the technical and administrative
capacities of these groups. In addition, the annual climate knowledge forum will
provide a platform for Civil Society Organizations to share information, best practice
in climate smart actions and act as sounding board to the TWG.
Fiduciary responsibilities (financial management, procurement, and disbursement functions) may
be outsourced to a third party, to help streamline implementation and support a more even
implementation among the participating countries.
A Regional Steering Committee will also be established, comprised of representative from the
five country focal agencies, a representative from ICSD, and the CCSCA Director, to provide
general Program oversight, including approving yearly activities and budget, monitoring
Program progress, and reporting to ICSD as well as relevant stakeholders.
20
3. National Environmental Assessment Policies and Regulatory Frameworks
This section identifies the countries’ regulatory base for environmental assessment. It is followed
by an analysis of the existing environmental policies and legislation, including regulations for
environmental impact assessment, and comparison with the relevant World Bank policies to
identify gaps and the needs and areas for strengthening.
National Environmental Policies: The main priority for the Republic of Uzbekistan during the
on-going economic reforms is to ensure reliable social guarantees and measures for social
security and environmental protection8. Nature protection policy and the implementing measures
in the areas of rational use of the natural resources and environment protection are based on the
following main principles:
Integration of economic and ecological policy aimed at conservation and restoration of
the environment as the essential condition for improvement of the living standards of the
population;
Transition from protection of individual natural elements to the general and integrated
protection of ecosystems; and
Responsibility of all members of society for environment protection and conservation of
biodiversity
Environmental Legislation and Policy: Relevant environmental laws and regulations in the
framework of the present project include:
“On Environmental Protection�? (1992), establishing a legal, economic and
organizational framework for environment protection, ensuring sustainable development
and defining principles including State Ecological Expertise (SEE);
“On the Protection of Agricultural Plants from Pests, Diseases and Weeds�? (2000)
regulates activities on the protection of agricultural plants from pests, diseases and weeds,
and the prevention of the harmful influence of plant protective substances on human
health and on the natural environment;
“On Ecological Expertise�? (2001) provides for mandatory expert assessment of impacts
on the environment and human health, as well as a legal basis for conducting expert
assessments; and
“On Ecological Control�? (2013) regulates relations in the field of environmental control.
The main objectives of environmental control are prevention, detection and suppression
of violations of environmental regulations; monitoring of environmental situations that
may lead to environmental pollution, unsustainable use of natural resources, endangering
the life and health of citizens.
State Organizations Responsible for Environmental Assessment and Management: The State
Committee for Nature Protection (Goskompriroda)9 is the primary environmental regulatory
8
Karimov Islam. 1999. “Uzbekistan: Towards 21-st Century�?, Report on the 14-th Session of Parliament (Oliy Majlis).
9
In English translations also called ‘State Committee for Nature Conservation’, ‘State Committee for NaturalResources’, ‘Commi ttee of Nature
Control’, etc.
21
agency. It reports directly to the Oliy Majlis (Parliament), and is responsible, at central, oblast
and raion levels, for coordinating the environmental and natural resources actions of other
national government bodies. The mandate of Goskompriroda is based on the Regulation “On the
State Environmental Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan�? as approved by Parliament on 26
April 1996.
Goskompriroda is responsible for environmental and natural systems protection. It oversees the
national system of protected areas, can initiate liability/damage actions, and administers an
Environmental Fund which receives pollution fees and penalties and supports pollution
mitigation measures. There are also several scientific institutes attached to the Goskompriroda
which conduct analysis on environmental and natural resources problems and measures to
address these in support of Goskompriroda’s work.
Goskompriroda also issues permits for pollution discharge emissions and may prohibit projects
and construction works that do not comply with (international) legislation. Fees are collected at
the regional level for the use of resources, for licenses to discharge polluting material, and for
waste disposal.
The structure of Goskompriroda takes the form of a central body in Tashkent, with regional
(oblast) and local (raion) branches and agencies for scientific and technical support. Regional
level organizations have the same structure as those at national level. Different departments take
responsibility for environmental standards, environmental law, international relations,
environmental funding, economics, publicity, and governmental ecological review.
EIA Procedures: State Environmental Expertise (SEE), i.e. preparation of or the review and
approval (or rejection) of developments on environmental grounds, is regulated Law on
Ecological Expertise (2000) and by Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers No 491.31.12.2001: “On
approval of the Regulation of the State Environmental Expertise�?.
According to Article 3 of the above mentioned law, ecological expertise is carried out in order to
determine:
compliance of projected economic and other activities with environmental
requirements in the stages preceding decision making on its implementation;
level of ecological danger planned or carried out business and other activities, which
may have or had a negative impact on the condition of the environment and public
health; and
adequacy and reasonableness of the measures provided for the protection of the
environment and rational use of natural resources.
The main responsible organization for state environmental review is the Main Directorate for
State Ecological Expertise (Glavgosecoexpertiza) of Goskompriroda. The Regulation stipulates 4
categories for development:
Category I –Corresponds to World Bank category A;
Category II –Corresponds to World Bank category B;
22
Category III –Corresponds to World Bank category B or C;
Category IV - Corresponds to World Bank category C.
According to Paragraph 11 of the Regulation, evaluation stages of the environmental impact
should include the following basic issues (depending on the type and nature of work):
a) Draft statement on environmental impacts:
environmental conditions prior to the implementation of the planned activities,
population of the territory, land development, analysis of the environment’s features;
situational plan showing existing recreational areas, settlements, irrigation,
reclamation facilities, farmland, power lines, transport communications, water, gas
pipelines and other information about the area;
envisaged major and minor objects, used technique, technology, natural resources,
materials, raw materials, fuel, analysis of their impacts on the environment,
environmental hazards of their products;
expected emissions, discharges, wastes, their negative impact on the environment and
ways of neutralization;
warehousing, storage and disposal of wastes;
analysis of the alternatives of the proposed or existing activity and technological
solutions from the perspective of environmental protection, taking into account the
achievements of science, technology and best practices;
organizational, technical, technological solutions and activities, excluding the
negative environmental impacts and mitigating the impact of the expertising object on
the environment;
analysis of emergency situations (with an estimate of probability and scenario of the
prevention of their negative impacts); and
forecast environmental changes and environmental impacts as a result of the
implementation of the expertising object.
b) Statement on environmental impact:
assessment of environmental problems of the chosen site on the results of
engineering- geological investigations, modeling and other necessary researches;
environmental analysis of technology applied to the issues identified on the site;
the results of the public hearings (if necessary); and
reasoned investigations of the nature-conservative measures to prevent the negative
consequences of the expertising object.
c) Statement on Environmental Consequences:
correction of the design decisions and other taken measures on the consideration of
the DSEI by the bodies of Goskompriroda, as well as on the proposals made at the
public hearings;
environmental regulations governing the activities of the expertising object;
23
requirements for the organization of work and the implementation of measures for
environmental guiding of the operation of the object; and
main conclusions about the possibility of business activities.
The Sub-borrower is also responsible for conducting at least one public
consultation(s) for category I and II. These responsibilities include: (a) public notification, (b)
conducting the consultation and (c) recording the significant findings, conclusions,
recommendations and next steps. The purpose of public consultation(s) is (are) to solicit views of
groups or individuals who may be affected by the Sub-project regarding their environmental
concerns. Affected groups or people should identify the environmental issues they believe to be
significant.
Public disclosure provides affected groups or individuals the
opportunity to examine the draft EMP document before it is finalized so that they can review and
provide comments on the mitigating measures agreed upon and the responsibilities for
implementing them. Since Uzbek and World Bank consultation and disclosure requirements may
differ somewhat, World Bank requirements presented below are the primary ones and have to be
followed.
24
4.
The Bank undertakes environmental screening of each proposed project for which it
will provide funding in order to determine the appropriate extent and type of environmental
assessments (EA). The Bank classifies a proposed project into one of four categories, depending
on the type, location, sensitivity and scale of the project and the nature and magnitude of its
potential environmental impacts. The four EA Categories are A, B, C, and FI. Category FI is
applied to all proposed projects that involve investment of Bank funds through a participating
financial intermediary (PFI) to be used for sub-projects of which the environmental impacts
cannot be determined during appraisal of the World Bank project.
There are key 10 Environmental
and Social World Bank Safeguard Policies which are intended to ensure that potentially adverse
environmental and social consequences of projects financed by Bank are identified, minimized
and mitigated. World Bank Safeguard Policies have a three-part format: Operational Policies
(OP) - statement of policy objectives and operational principles including the roles and
obligations of the Borrower and the Bank, Bank Procedures (BP) - mandatory procedures to be
followed by the Borrower and the Bank, and Good Practice (GP) - non-mandatory advisory
material. World Bank’s Safeguard Policies and their relevance to sub-projects to be funded under
the Grant Investment Fund are indicated in the Table 1 below.
Table 1. World Bank’s Safeguard Policies and their relevance to investment grant
subprojects
Yes
This Policy aims to ensure that projects proposed for
Bank financing are environmentally and socially sound This OP is triggered as the project will support
and sustainable; to inform decision makers of the pilot investments in key vulnerable sectors, -
nature of environmental and social risks; to increase possibly in the area of re-vegetation and
transparency and participation of stakeholders in the restoration of forests and their services,
decision-making process community forestry and pasture management
for participatory, equitable, and improved use of
natural shared resources etc. The exact domains
for project financing will be decided during the
initial stage of the project design. Although the
pilot investments will be limited in scope, they
may generate various environmental and social
impacts related to: soil degradation; water and
air pollution; biodiversity conservation; labor
safety issues and health impacts, etc. It is also
expected these potential impacts will be mostly
temporary by nature and site specific. To
address these impacts the participating countries
prepared EMFs which specify the rules and
procedures for subprojects Environmental
Assessment. The EMFs also provide advises for
25
setting up under the component 2 of a regional
repository of knowledge and lessons from the
region climate-smart agriculture, which might
include information materials for training and
advice on climate-smart agricultural
technologies (e.g., soil, water and crop
management for both rainfed and irrigated
production systems, livestock and pasture
management, global good practices), covering
all aspects including production, post-harvest
handling and processing, marketing, and
financing. The EMFs will be disclosed and
consulted in all participating countries.
Yes
This Policy aims to safeguard natural habitats and their
biodiversity; avoid significant conversion or This OP is triggered as the project might support
degradation of critical natural habitats, and to ensure investments in key natural areas - possibly
sustainability of services and products which natural under the community forest activities. The EMF
habitats provide to human society provides relevant advise on what is necessary to
be taken into consideration during the
subprojects EA to avoid conversion of natural
habitats.
Yes
This Policy is to ensure that forests are managed in a
sustainable manner; significant areas of forest are not This OP is triggered as the project might support
encroached upon; the rights of communities to use re-vegetation and forest restoration and
their traditional forest areas in a sustainable manner are management of forests and their services. The
not compromised EMF provides relevant advises what is
necessary to be taken into consideration
duringthe sub-projects EA.
Yes
This policy is to ensure pest management activities
follow an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) The project will not finance purchase of
approach, to minimize environmental and health pesticides but it might generate a need for their
hazards due to pesticide use, and to contribute to increased usage, in particular in the case of
developing national capacity to implement IPM, and to agriculture activities and forestry nurseries
regulate and monitor the distribution and use of development. No separate Pest Management
pesticides Plan has been developed, but the EMF includes
a section describing measures to ensure
compliance with national laws and WB
requirements relating to pesticide purchase and
use, and to promote Integrated Pest
Management (IPM) approaches and safe
pesticide handling and disposal practices to
reduce human and environmental exposure.
Additionally the EMF includes a list of eligible
pesticides in the participating countries and
26
guidance on their use.
No.
This policy is to ensure that: Physical Cultural
Resources (PCR) are identified and protected in World There will be no impact on physical cultural
Bank financed projects; national laws governing the resources as all proposed activities will be
protection of physical cultural property are complied implemented on existing agricultural lands.
with; PCR includes archaeological and historical sites,
historic urban areas, sacred sites, graveyards, burial
sites, unique natural values; implemented as an
element of the Environmental Assessment
No.
IP – distinct, vulnerable, social and cultural group
attached to geographically distinct habitats or historical This Policy is not applicable under the Program
territories, with separate culture than the project area, in the Central Asia countries
and usually different language. The Policy aims to
foster full respect for human rights, economies, and
cultures of IP, and to avoid adverse effects on IP
during the project development.
Yes
This policy aims to minimize displacement; treat
resettlement as a development program; provide Involuntary Resettlement Policy OP 4.12 is
affected people with opportunities for participation; triggered on a precautionary basis and a
assist displaced persons in their efforts to improve their Resettlement Policy Framework has been
incomes and standards of living, or at least to restore developed for each participating country.
them; assist displaced people regardless of legality of
tenure; pay compensation for affected assets at
replacement cost; the OP Annexes include descriptions
of Resettlement Plans and Resettlement Policy
Frameworks
No.
This Policy is to ensure due consideration is given to
the safety of dams in projects involving construction of The program will support subprojects related to
new dams, or that may be affected by the safety or irrigation and water abstraction from reservoirs.
performance of an existing dam or dams under
construction; important considerations are dam height
& reservoir capacity
Yes
The Policy aims to ensure that projects will neither
affect the efficient utilization and protection of Sub-project investments would be limited to
international waterways, nor adversely affect relations rehabilitation or modification of existing minor
between the Bank and its Borrowers and between schemes in ways which would not increase the
riparian states amount of water abstracted or have any other
impact on the water source or local hydrological
regime (e.g. replacing conventional irrigation
with drip irrigation in an existing irrigation
scheme would be still eligible). Creating a new
scheme which will lead to increasing water
abstraction from the rivers will not be financed
under the project. This determination would be
27
made in the screening process.
None.
The Bank may support a project in a disputed area if
governments concerned agree that, pending the Project activities are not to be implemented in
settlement of the dispute, the project proposed for one disputed areas.
country should go forward without prejudice to the
claims of the other country
supports decision
making by the borrower and Bank by allowing the
public access to information on environmental and The EMF will be disclosed and consulted in the
social aspects of projects and has specific program countries before project appraisal and
requirements for disclosure will be also disclosed in the WB Infoshop.
In accordance with the Bank’s safeguard policies and procedures, including OP/BP/GP 4.01
Environmental Assessment, the project is classified as Category B, since its potential adverse
environmental impacts on human populations or environmentally important areas--including
wetlands, forests, grasslands, and other natural habitats--are small to moderate in scale. These
impacts are site- and activity- specific; few, if any, are irreversible; and in most cases mitigation
measures can be designed readily. A Category B environmental assessment examines the
project's potential negative and positive environmental impacts and recommends measures to
prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental
performance. As before Appraisal it is not possible to identify which CIGPs will be financed, the
appropriate EA instrument is the Environmental Management Framework (EMF) which would
specify all rules and procedures for the CIGP sub-projects Environmental Assessment (EIA).
The purpose of the Environmental Management Framework is to provide the World Bank’s and
the participating governments rules and procedures for project Environmental Impacts
Assessment (EIA), identify the significant environmental impacts of the project (both positive
and negative), to outline rules and procedure for the CIGP sub-projects environmental screening
and to specify appropriate preventive actions and mitigation measures (including appropriate
monitoring plan) to prevent, eliminate or minimize any anticipated adverse impacts on
environment. The EMF report was prepared based on the following: (i) analysis of the existing
national legal documents, regulations and guidelines; (ii) World Bank safeguard policies, as well
as other guiding materials; (iii) existing EMFs for similar World Bank projects, and (iv)
experience of EMF implementation of ongoing World Bank funded projects in the CAMP4CA
countries. Based on the EMF, each participating country will revise and adjust the EMP to suit
their specific needs and conditions. The EMF describes the procedures for the subproject or
climate resilience grant/loan environmental assessment, the documentation needed for different
types of projects, and the roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders to be involved in the
EA process. As the CAMP4CA has a community driven approach and capacity (including
environmental capacity) at the community level is low, the EMF would also provide
environmental knowledge management and training activities for the range of interventions
likely under the project, including practical application of the environmental participatory
analysis for the subprojects assessment and monitoring of results.
Each of the participating countries will adopt and revise this EMF to meet the country’s specific
needs, including rules and procedures for environmental screening; guidance for preparing
28
subprojects EIA and/or simple EMPs as well as of EMP Checklist for identified small scale
construction and reconstruction activities; possible mitigation measures for different types of
sub-projects; requirements for monitoring and supervision of implementing of EIA/EMPs; and
specific institutional arrangements for screening, review, approval and monitoring of impacts of
activities and preparation of activity specific IEEs and EIAs. The country specific EMFs will
also contain a series of measures to raise awareness and educate potential beneficiaries regarding
safe pesticide handling and use of Integrated Pest Management and management and monitoring
of the EA review and approval process. The EMFs will be integrated into the individual country
Project's Operational Manual and will be used as part of all contracts involving proposed
activities and selected sub-projects. The Bank is expected to provide a special training to the
Safeguards Specialists to be appointed for each participating country, so they can promote
compliance with the EMF and EMP. The subproject EMPs will be also integrated into the
contracts for approved activities, both into specifications and bills of quantities and the
Contractors will be required to include the cost in their financial proposals and bids.
The World Bank Safeguard Policy OP 4.09 on Pest Management stipulates that the Bank support
a strategy that promotes the use of biological or environmental control methods and reduces
reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides, and "in appraising a project that will involve pest
management,the Bank assesses the capacity of the country's regulatory framework and
institutions to promote and support safe, effective, and environmentally sound pest management.
The Bank does not finance formulated products that fall in WHO classes IA and IB, or
formulations of products in Class II, if (i) the country lacks restrictions on their distribution and
use; or (ii) they are likely to be used by, or be accessible to, lay personnel, farmers, or others
without training, equipment, and facilities to handle, store, and apply these products properly".
Although, the project will not finance pesticides, in some of the project’s potential investments,
the use of pesticides may be envisaged to repress weed competition in planted areas, and
potentially pesticides to treat or prevent mass pest outbreaks and to protect yields from insects.
The grant/loan recipients will prepare a brief annex to attach to their 40 investment proposal, that
in prepare with the World Bank’s OP4.09, will include clear justification of allowable pesticide
and herbicide products, which: (a) must have negligible adverse human health effects; (b) must
be shown to be effective against the target species; (c) must have minimal effect on non-target
species and the natural environment; (d) the methods, timing, and frequency of pesticide
application are aimed to minimize damage to natural enemies; (e) pesticides must be
demonstrated to be safe for land users and animals in the treated areas, as well as for personnel
applying them; (f) their use must take into account the need to prevent the development of
resistance in pests; (g) the Bank requires that any pesticides be manufactured, packaged, labelled,
handled, stored, disposed of, and applied according to standards acceptable to the Bank.
The project’s proposed pasture management investments require application of World Bank
Safeguard Policy OP 4.04 on Natural Habitats, which are defined as land and water areas where
(i) the ecosystems' biological communities are formed largely by native plant and animal species,
and (ii) human activity has not essentially modified the area's primary ecological functions. All
natural habitats have important biological, social, economic, and existence value. Biodiversity
outside of natural habitats (such as within agricultural landscapes) is not covered under this
policy. Critical natural habitats are: (i) existing protected areas and areas officially proposed by
governments as protected areas (e.g., reserves that meet the criteria of the World Conservation
Union [IUCN] classifications), areas initially recognized as protected by traditional local
29
communities (e.g., sacred groves), and sites that maintain conditions vital for the viability of
these protected areas (as determined by the environmental assessment process); or (ii) sites
identified on supplementary lists prepared by the Bank or an authoritative source determined by
the regional sector for environmental protection. Such sites may include areas recognized by
traditional local communities; areas with known high suitability for biodiversity conservation;
and sites that are critical for rare, vulnerable, migratory, or endangered species. Listings are
based on systematic evaluations of such factors as species richness; the degree of endemism,
rarity, and vulnerability of component species; representativeness; and integrity of ecosystem
processes. In accordance with OP 4.04, the proposed project will support activities aimed at
conserving natural habitats and their restoration, and prohibits those which would lead to the
significant loss or degradation of any Critical Natural Habitats. The proposed project will not
include activities in other (non-critical) natural habitats, where possible significant loss or
degradation due to feasible alternatives to achieve the project's substantial overall net benefits
need acceptable mitigation measures, such as compensatory protected areas.
The project’s proposed re-vegetation, agro-forestry and forest restoration and management of
forests and their services require application of World Bank Safeguard Policy OP/BP 4.36 on
Forestry to ensure that forests are managed in a sustainable manner; significant areas of forest
are not encroached upon; the rights of communities to use their traditional forest areas in a
sustainable manner are not compromised. The project will not involve any conversion or
degradation of critical forest areas or related critical natural habitats. On the contrary, relevant
project activities would include planting of small scale woodlots and fruit tree orchards and
improved management of rangelands which may be legally related to forest area but does not
have significant tree cover - there would no conversion of land which currently has significant
tree cover except for replacement of unproductive fruit trees. All reforestation activities on
legally forest lands, including agro-forestry and community forestry activities will be
coordinated with responsible departments in the respective countries that oversee the
management of forests.
Environmental
Screening is a mandatory procedure for the Environmental Assessment 4.01 OP/BP. The Bank
undertakes environmental screening of each proposed project for which it will provide funding in
order to determine the appropriate extent and type of the Environmental Assessment to be
conducted. The Bank classifies a proposed project into one of four categories, depending on the
type, location, sensitivity and scale of the project and the nature and magnitude of its potential
environmental impacts10. These four Categories are A, B, C, and FI.
projects is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive,
diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may be sensitive, irreversible, and diverse, with
attributes such direct pollutant discharges large enough to cause degradation of air, water, or soil;
large-scale physical disturbances of the site and/or surroundings; extraction, consumption, or
conversion of substantial amounts of forest and other natural resources; measurable
modifications of hydrological cycles; hazardous materials in more than incidental quantities; and
10
See: Environmental Assessment Update Sourcebook, Environmental Department April 1993.
30
involuntary displacement of people and other significant social disturbances. The impacts are
likely to be comprehensive, broad, sector-wide, or precedent-setting. Impacts generally result
from a major component of the project and affect the area as a whole or an entire sector. They
may affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. The EA for a
Category A project examines the project's potential negative and positive environmental impacts,
compares them with those of feasible alternatives (including the "without project" scenario), and
recommends any measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse
impacts and improve environmental performance. For a Category A project, the borrower is
responsible for preparing a report, normally a full Environmental Impact Assessment (or a
suitably comprehensive regional or sectoral EA).
projects has potential adverse environmental impacts on human populations or
environmentally important areas - including wetlands, forests, grasslands, and other natural
habitats - which are less adverse than those of Category A projects. These impacts are site-
specific; few if any of them are irreversible; and in most cases mitigation measures can be
designed more readily than for Category A projects. The scope of EA for a Category B project
may vary from project to project, but it is narrower than that of Category A assessment. Like
Category A, a Category B environmental assessment examines the project's potential negative
and positive environmental impacts and recommends any measures needed to prevent, minimize,
mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental performance.
An EIA or environmental analysis is normally not required for Category C projects
because the project is unlikely to have adverse impacts; normally, they have negligible or
minimal direct disturbances on the physical setting. Professional judgment finds the project to
have negligible, insignificant, or minimal environmental impacts. Beyond screening, no further
EA action is required.
. A Category FI project involves investment of Bank funds through a financial
intermediary, in subprojects that may result in adverse environmental impacts.
The Bank reviews the findings and recommendations of the EA to determine whether they
provide an adequate basis for processing the project for Bank financing. When the borrower has
completed or partially completed EA work prior to the Bank's involvement in a project, the Bank
reviews the EA to ensure its consistency with this policy. The Bank may, if appropriate, require
additional EA work, including public consultation and disclosure.
General examples of projects that fall under Categories A, B, and C is provided in the Table 2
below. However, this list is just a good starting point and framework for the screening decision.
Because of other factors involved such as project sitting, the nature of impacts, and the need for
the EA process to be flexible enough to accommodate them, the lists should not be used as the
sole basis for screening.
31
Table 2. Types of projects under the World Bank’s Categories A, B, and C
Category B Projects
Category A Projects
(projects/project components which Category C Projects
(projects/project components
may have diverse and significant (projects which are unlikely to have
which may have diverse and
impacts – more limited direct adverse impacts – no EIA is
significant impacts – normally
environmental assessment is required)
require a full EIA)
appropriate)
Dams and reservoirs; Agro-industries (small scale); Family planning;
Forestry production projects; Electrical; transmission;
Nutrition;
Irrigation, drainage and flood Irrigation and drainage (small scale);
control (large scale); Renewable energy; Institutional development;
Industrial plants (large scale*) and Rural electrification; Technical assistance;
industrial estates, including major
Tourism; Rural water supply and Most human resource projects
expansion, rehabilitation, or
sanitation;
modification;
Aquaculture and mariculture (large Watershed projects (management or
scale); rehabilitation);
Land clearance and leveling; Rehabilitation, maintenance, and
Mineral development upgrading projects (small-scale);
Port and harbor development; Protected areas and biodiversity
Reclamation and new land conservation;
development; Rehabilitation or modification of
Resettlement and all projects with existing industrial facilities (small
potentially major impacts on scale);
people; Rehabilitation of highways or rural
River basin development; roads;
Thermal and hydropower Energy efficiency and energy
development; conservation
Manufacture, transportation, and
use of pesticides or other hazardous
and/or toxic materials
*Large scale here is defined as enterprises with annual sales of US$ 3 million or more equivalent
Screening criteria.
Conversely, a Category A project might be reclassified as B if a
component with significant impacts is dropped or altered. The option to reclassify projects
relieves some of the pressure to make the initial decision the correct and final one.
Projects in Category B often differ from A projects of the same type only in scale. In fact, large
irrigation and drainage projects are usually Category A, however, small-scale projects of the
same type may fall into Category B. Projects entailing rehabilitation, maintenance or upgrading
rather than new construction will usually be in Category B. A project with any of these
characteristics may have impacts, but they are less likely to be “significant�?. However, each case
must be judged on its own merits. Many rehabilitation, maintenance and upgrading projects as
well as privatization projects may require attention to existing environmental problems at the site
32
rather than potential new impacts. Therefore, an environmental audit may be more useful than an
impact assessment in fulfilling the EA needs for such projects.
The selection of a screening category often depends also substantially on the project setting,
while the “significance�? of potential impacts is partly a function of the natural and socio -cultural
surroundings. There are a number of locations which should cause to consider an “A�?
classification:
in or near sensitive and valuable ecosystems - wetlands, natural areas, habitat of endangered
species;
in or near areas with archaeological and/or historical sites or existing cultural and social
institutions;
in densely populated areas, where resettlement may be required or potential pollution impacts
and other disturbances may significantly affect communities;
in regions subject to heavy development activities or where there are conflicts in natural
resource allocation;
along watercourses, in aquifer recharge areas or in reservoir catchments used for potable
water supply; and
on lands and in waters containing valuable natural resources (such as fish, minerals,
medicinal plants; agricultural soils).
The World Bank’s experience has shown that precise identification of the project’s geographical
setting at the screening stage greatly enhances the quality of the screening decision and helps
focus the EA on the important environmental issues.
Public availability of EIA reports for
Category A projects is the prerequisite to Bank financing of these projects.
Figure 1 presents the different steps in the project cycle and shows how the various EA phases fit
in the project preparation process. The main EA phases concern screening, scoping, EA, and
environmental management plan during and after implementation of the project - covering
mitigation, monitoring and evaluation.
33
Figure 3.1 EA and the World Bank Project Cycle
Project Cycle Environmental Assessment
No EA required
C
Screening
Identification
Pre-feasibility Study
B
A
Scoping & Public Scoping & Public Con-
Consultation sultation (as appropriate)
ToR and EA Team ToR and EA Team
Feasibility Study Selection Selection
Preparation
EA Preparation: EA Preparation:
- Examine alternatives - Assess impacts; and/or
- Assess impacts - Mitigation plan; or
Project Planning and
- EMP's - Carry out Audit; or
Detailed Design
- Assess hazards
Appraisal
Review Environmental
Review EA Report &
Project Appraisal Section in Appraisal
Public Consultation
Report
Loan Negatiation
Negotiation
Loan Approval
Implementation
Monitoring Environmental
Quality
Project Implementa-
tion and Supervision
Monitoring Mitigation
Measures
Implementation
Completion Report Evaluate EA Report
Evaluation
Evaluate Mitigation Plan
Performance Audit
and OED Evaluation Evaluate Institution
Capacity
Figure 1. Environmental Assessment and the World Bank project cycle
34
5. Comparison of National Legislation and World Bank Environment Assessment
Requirements
5.1 Overview. While the basic provisions of the National EA rules and procedures are to some
extent similar to the WB requirements, there are several important differences. These differences
are related primarily to the following: (a) project environmental screening categories; (b)
Environmental Management Plan; (c) EA disclosure and public consultation; and (d) EA
reviewing process.
5.2 Differences in screening categories. As stated above, all projects in Tajikistan are divided
into four categories, differing in terms of environmental risks. This classification is different
from the World Bank's approach. In particular, it has two project categories (II and III), which
correspond to the World Bank's Category B (Category I will always correspond to the World
Bank's Category A). In most instances Categories II and III will correspond to the World Bank's
Category B, however sometimes, when the respective projects affect critical natural habitats,
they may correspond to the Bank's Category A. In general instances, where the World Bank's and
national classifications are different, more stringent requirements will apply. This refers mostly
in the case of deciding about Category B subprojects - the national EA legislation doesn’t refer to
small scale activities, including construction and rehabilitation of various buildings. In these
cases the client will apply the WB criteria.
5.3 Differences concerning EMP. While the national legislation requires for all projects with
potential environmental impacts relevant mitigation measures, it doesn’t require a special EMP
which should specify, along with the proposed mitigation activities a monitoring plan and
reporting requirements, institutional arrangements for EMPs implementation as well as doesn’t
require needed capacity building activities and necessary expenses in this regard. However, in
the case of grant subprojects, an EMP is a mandatory requirement and will be prepared by the
borrower to comply with the WB requirements. This includes financing for training local
authorities in EMP preparation.
5.5 Differences concerning reviewing and approval of EA studies. As mentioned above, the
national EA reviewing process relates to the SEE, while according the WB requirements is a part
of the whole EA process. The SEE seeks to examine the compliance of proposed activities and
projects with the requirements of environmental legislation. The mentioned laws stipulate the
mandatory cross-sectoral nature of SEE, which shall be scientifically justified, comprehensive,
and objective and which shall lead to conclusions in accordance with the law. SEE precedes
decision-making about activities that may have a negative impact on the environment. Financing
of programs and projects is allowed only after a positive SEE finding, or conclusion, has been
issued.
5.6 Differences with regard to disclosure and public consultation. Conducted analysis shows
there is no harmonization between World Bank and national requirements in this regard.
According to national legislation, the EA disclosure and public consultation is mandatory only
for Category 1 and this decision is made by local authorities. At the same time, per the SEE law
the public might organize at its own initiative a public ecological expertise. Public expertise is
being conducting on the basis of NGO’s written request toward local public authority. While
35
organizing such expertise, within seven days, the local public authorities should inform public
association about taken decision concerning permission to do so. Public associations conducting
ecological expertise are obliged to inform broad local public about beginning of expertise and its
results. These associations have the right to obtain planned and project documentation as well as
documentation on EIA and get acquainted with normative technical documentation on
conducting of the state ecological expertise. The results of public ecological expertise are
delivering to the bodies conducting the state ecological expertise and to the bodies which make
decision of implementation of activity – the subject of expertise. The results and conclusion of
public ecological expertise have recommendation character. The results of public ecological
expertise can be published in mass-media, delivered to the local public authority, or other
stakeholders. In the case of World Bank policy, the sub-borrower is responsible for conducting at
least one public consultation for all Category B projects to discuss the issues to be addressed in
the EMP or to discuss the draft EMP itself. The NCU will review any documentation of the
public consultation conducted in the preparation of any national EA documentation to determine
if it is consistent with the World Bank requirements. If the results of public consultation are
satisfactory, there would be no further consultation requirement. However, if no public
consultation was conducted or the NCU determines that the public consultation documentation is
not adequate, the sub-borrower will be required to perform at least one public consultation to
discuss the environmental issues of concern to the locally affected communities and include
these issues in the content of the EMP. Documentation for the consultation should be submitted
to the NCU as part of the sub-project file. Tajik/Russian language version of the EMP and the
record of the public consultation should be located at in public location near the project site and,
if available - on the sub-borrower website. Category B sub-projects would be made available to
project-affected groups and local NGOs in an easily accessible NCU website.
36
The project will support a series of activities which might cause some adverse environmental
impacts that would fall under the Category B subprojects in accordance with the Bank OP/BP
4.01 (small scale agro-industries; small scale rehabilitation, improving pastures and range
management; plantation of new orchards and/or vineyards, small scale off-grid renewable, etc.).
For such activities the Bank requires a simple and/or a partial Environmental Assessment and/or
preparing an Environmental Management Plan. It is also expected that many of supported
subprojects will not have environmental impacts and will fall under the Category B in
accordance with OP/BP 4.01 (especially those related to purchasing of weather forecasting
information). Furthermore, it is expected the selected subprojects will not be located in protected
areas, critical habitats or culturally or socially sensitive areas, this will be ensured during the
subprojects screening and EA.
The potential adverse environmental impacts of proposed types of subprojects might be
summarized as follows:
(i) : soil erosion, loss of soil productive capacity, soil compaction,
soil pollution, surface and underground water pollution, loss of biodiversity;
(ii) contribution to surface water pollution, wastes generation,
odor;
(iii) erosion and soil compaction, surface flows, loss of
vegetation diversity
(iv) change in physical structure of soil, surface erosion and ravine
formation, loss of natural vegetation diversity
(v) limited impacts
(vi) loss of forest diversity
(vii) no impacts
reduction of downstream flows, erosion, loss of biological diversity,
etc.
The activities to be implemented under the project will generate a great number of both direct
and indirect positive impacts. Direct positive impacts will be generated by increased production,
products and goods which would result in creation of new jobs and respectively, more
employment and increased income. Indirect positive impacts will relate to overall improving of
business environment, increased production and secured enterprises domestic market position,
introduction of advanced technologies and techniques, creating new opportunities for access to
local (and foreign) markets, enhancement competitiveness of domestic production and products,
contribution to poverty reduction and food safety, and improvement of country’s socio -economic
conditions.
37
Cumulative impacts are not likely to be an issue as attention will have to be given to selection of
activities based on local environmental conditions. The impacts of activities under the
investment grant/loan financing component of the project are expected to be prevented and
mitigated through appropriate project design and good operational practices. Cumulative impacts
are not likely to be an issue as the proposed activities will be distributed more or less evenly
throughout the participating countries.
Climate resilience investments to be implemented under the project generate a great number of
both direct and indirect positive impacts. Direct positive impacts will be generated by increased
agricultural and livestock production, improved water management and renewable energy
activities which would result in higher yields, creation of new jobs and respectively, and
increased income. Indirect positive impacts will relate to overall improving of agricultural
production and business environment, introduction of advanced agricultural technologies and
techniques, enhancement competitiveness of domestic production and products, contribution to
poverty reduction and food safety, improvement of country’s socio-economic conditions and
others. The potential impacts and proposed measures to alleviate such impacts are discussed in
Table 2.
38
.
Table 2: Impacts and Mitigation of Proposed Project Categories
Potential adverse and positive
Activity Aspects Mitigation measures
impacts
I. Improving Use of fertilizers and Adverse Impacts 1. Use of recommended norms of
productivity of agrochemicals mineral fertilizers, wider
field and (pesticides, herbicides Water and soil pollution can be introduction and adoption of crop
horticultural and insecticides), soil caused by improper application rotation.
crops by adopting treatment techniques, in quantity and type of organic 2. Pruning of twigs of tree crops and
new and etc. and inorganic fertilizers and inter- row cultivation (to reduce
appropriate agrochemicals. weeds), use of composting.
technologies 3. Use of appropriate procedures for
Non-biodegradable transport, mixing, application, and
- crop polyethylene sheets can pollute disposal of agrichemicals.
diversification, the soil surface. 4. Use only standard doses of
- nurseries, agrichemicals (pesticides,
- vineyards and Poorly-managed over irrigation herbicides and insecticides
orchards, can cause erosion of soil, create permitted by FAO Codex) and
- improved seeds, ravines, rise in level of water selection of agrichemicals based
- providing of table, salinity flooding and on prevailing soil and weather
watering, disruption of communication, conditions.
- use of sheets for inflow harmful elements from 5. Storage of agrochemicals in
covering of green fertilizers and chemicals in to designated places and use
houses, sub soil layers and pollute containers only by recommended
- community underground waters. methods strictly following
revolving funds. standard procedure and rules.
Positive Impacts 6. Use the IPM for control of pests,
use biological methods and
Rehabilitation and green cover biopesticides.
with orchards and vineyards 7. Use recommended methods and
Keeping of bio balance and rules for irrigation, properly
improvement of landscape. maintain equipment and
Improved productivity of land infrastructures.
means better management of 8. Use conservation tillage, terraces,
soil and water. and raised ridges that follow land
contour, to reduce runoff.
9. Selection of seeds with minimal
level of pest and disease
vulnerabilities.
10. Provide regular information and
training to communities on all the
aspects of protection of
environment.
II. Improving on- Digging of trenches Adverse Impacts: 1. Moistening of the surface area and
farm irrigation and borrow pits, along providing suitable cover during
and water the canals, secondary During the construction the transportation
management effect of formation of dust clouds, noise 2. Improve soil moisture retention by
- rehabilitation of transportation of and solid waste, accumulation, mulching, organic matter
existing canals construction materials and destruction of planted areas incorporation, soil cover, etc.
39
Potential adverse and positive
Activity Aspects Mitigation measures
impacts
- stabilization of 3. Suitable collection and
slopes of contour Flow of additional waters from transportation of garbage and solid
ditches and the sprinkles wastes
irrigation Increased soil erosion leading to 4. Restoration of soil surface and re-
- canals repairs ravine formation, subsidence vegetation of banks with shrubs
and replacement and erosion of top soil along the and grasses
of low powered slopes. 5. Select crops compatible with
irrigation pumps water availability
- planting shelter Rising of the water table level, 6. Regulated flow diversion and
belts flooding of farm areas. maintenance of irrigation
- irrigation infrastructure
scheduling Possible increase in land 7. Provision of high reliability and
- alternate furrow salinization system operation to ensure
irrigation optimum use of water
Possible downstream impacts
8. The use of low saline quality
on water users. water
9. Apply appropriate construction
Positive Impacts:
guidelines and standards
Better control of water flow all 10. Provide farmers trainings in drip
year round and similar irrigation techniques
Improvement of effective
natural resources management,
greener landscapes, and
improvement of microclimate
III. Improving Proper use and Adverse Impacts 1. Strict observance of trampling of
pasture and improvement of pasture by livestock
rangeland pasture land and soil, Soil erosion is possible before 2. Regulation of livestock in
management: reduction of weeds. the establishment of grasses, accordance with the fodder
- improving Introduction of small especially on steep slopes. capacity of pasture
production of construction works. 3. Selection of ways of incorporation
fodders Transportation and Trampling of soil surface may of live green plantations and trees
- rising mobility excavation of water cause reduction of grass and on grazing fields
of livestock holes, formation of bushes, removing of barks and 4. Construction of storages, sheds,
(including repair small field roads, sets. small roads, cause ways
of shelters in the bridges, cause ways 5. Creating of special nurseries for
selected rayons, at with pipes for animal Reduction of pasture lands and multiplication and supply of
points of passages. their contraction, at the planting stocks for erosion control
waterholes for construction points. and fences
cattle)
- pasture rotation Disappearance of bushes used
and establishment for fencing, can lead to erosion.
of live fences, for
example green Positive Impacts:
fences
- sustainable Reduction of rate of erosion
development of
pastures Improvement and maintenance
of bio-structures of bushes
40
Potential adverse and positive
Activity Aspects Mitigation measures
impacts
Decrease in the loss of
productive layer on land,
improving of microclimate
IV. Sloping land Installation of Adverse Impacts 1. Fast plantation of species,
horticulture on minitrenches to especially terraced rows by local
the steep lands prevent formation of Change in physical structure of types of plants.
- plantations of holes in the soil land use creating ravine 2. For irrigation to use appropriate
fruit and nut tree erosion, landslides because of quality of water and the necessary
plants on steep natural water course if not quantity.
lands along the managed properly before 3. Provide high exploitation
contour line vegetating. reliability of irrigation system.
- use micro 4. Create good drainage system for
terraced fruit Use of salt water may cause removing of surface and
gardens (ring- and salinization of soil. underground water.
basin shaped and Irrigation can promote further 5. Provide training for sloping land
hydrographic sliding of soil and cause horticulture, if necessary.
systems) erosion. 6. Strengthen of standards for
- gardens with terracing and provide budget on
drip/ spot Disappearance of bio maintenance.
irrigation, differences on cultivated areas.
mulching of land
surface Positive Impacts
- use of live
embankment (live Greening of watersheds with
bushes) Planting growing of economically viable
of perennial trees/ plants.
Grasshedges
along the contour Protection of rainfed cultivable
lands and more sustainable use
of fragile land protected from
further degradation.
V. Pest and Collection and Adverse Impacts 1. Correct preparation and proper use
disease control transportation of of bio pesticides (choose the
- biological biological controls Limited adverse impacts suitable varieties of bio-pesticide
control and plants, preparing provided depending on pest target and
- Integrated biopesticides and choose appropriate formulations)
measures for pest solutions. Positive Impacts 2. Provide training as needed on IPM
control (with the methods
use of bio Ecologically clean and safe
pesticides) technology
VI. Participatory Planting and Adverse Impacts 1. Training in species selection and
forestry and maintenance works management practices
agroforestry During soil preparation there 2. Careful selection of species and
management could be potential for soil good management of trees and
erosion and landslides and crops are needed to optimize the
degradation of biodiversity production and positive impacts
and to minimize negative impacts
Positive Impacts
3. Ensure gender sensitivity and role
41
Potential adverse and positive
Activity Aspects Mitigation measures
impacts
Major potential benefits are of women in such systems
identified as soil water erosion
reduction, nitrate leaching
reduction, carbon sequestration
enhancing and landscape
diversity improvements
VII. Improving Adverse Impacts 1. Training on weather forecasting
farmers’ access to and linkage to disease and pest
weather None. management, fertilizer and
forecasting pesticide application etc.
information for Positive Impacts
decision-making Improved farmer understanding
of relationship between weather
conditions on disease and pest
conditions can lead to better
management of such outbreaks
and proper application of
pesticides and other disease
control chemicals
VIII. Alternative Digging of trenches Adverse Impacts 1. Observance of design conditions,
off-grid source of and pits, along the during construction and utilization
energy and canals, transportation Possible damage to reservoir of the constructed objects
effective use of of materials and diversion canals, land 2. Avoid construction of micro-hydro
energy supply for Improper site erosion etc. facilities in sensitive aquatic
remote selection Possible exposure to accidents habitats
communities and burning by helium during 3. Choose run of the river rather than
- micro hydro installations. impoundment and dams
power stations 4. Moistening of the surface and use
- bio-gas utilities Change in seasonal water-flow of suitable cover during
- solar energy with potential impacts on transportation
- micro Wind downstream water users, fish, 5. Work only during the day time in
mills (to harness and aquatic organisms. the dwelling areas
wind power)
6. Suitable collection and
Water table fluctuations
transportation of garbage and solid
wastes
Noise during operations
7. Restoration of the top spoil and
Positive impacts:
replanting
Support to preservation of 8. Mitigate noise and vibrations
forests and biodiversity on during operations
account of dependency on
cleaner sources of energy
Improved environmental
situation
Reduced indoor air pollution
42
Environmental Management Framework
All these impacts are expected to be easily mitigated through good projects design and
implementation practices.
7. EIA Guidelines for Investment Sub-Projects
The EIA Guidelines for Investment Sub-Projects/Loans section of the EMF would serve as a
guiding document for conducting Climate Resilience Investments (referred to as “Investments�?)
EA. Environmental assessment and monitoring procedures for the Investments are designed to
ensure consistency with national environmental requirements as well as World Bank policy.
Accordingly, it is proposed that each Investment will be assessed for its environmental impacts.
The key steps in the Environmental Assessment process is outlined below:
Step 1: Environmental Screening and Project Categorization: Environmental screening (Annex
1 Part 1) will involve a review of the Investments technical proposal. Typically the proposal
would include an environmental section11 describing the key environmental features of the
project site, whether critical natural habitats, forests, or rare and endangered species are likely to
be impacted, whether major water courses or groundwater sources will be affected, the type of
natural resource abstraction and use the project will entail, waste materials and polluting
substances likely to be generated during construction and operation, whether the project will
involve pest management, etc. Depending on the nature and scale of the impacts, the
Environment Officer of the NCU12 (and/or participating banks) will inform the project
proponents about the decision concerning further environmental documentation required for the
sub-project. Three possibilities exist: (i) World Bank environmental category C, or Tajikistan's
Category IV, or investments that are not included in any of the categories. No environmental
appraisal measures are required for this category, save for a general EIA statement with a list of
general and known environment protection measures aimed at ensuring efficient economic
activities, (ii) World Bank environmental category B, which usually corresponds to national
Category III or, very rarely, Category II. A limited Environmental Impact Assessment and/or a
simple management plan (EMP) is required in most cases; and (iii) World Bank environmental
category A Proposal, which is considered as ineligible and will be not financed under the project.
The participating banks and the NCU will screen applications and assign the environmental
category (Annex 1 Part 2). Given the nature of eligible investments, most Investments are likely
to fall under Category C, requiring no further action beyond the screening or an EIA Statement.
In case questions regarding environmental impact or appropriate category, the NCU
Environment Officer will contact the regional reviewing authority for advice and guidance. If an
EIA and mitigation measures are needed, the respective documents need to be agreed by the
applicant with the regional reviewing authority and the general environmental requirements must
be reflected in the Investment Agreement. The results of the environmental screening are
recorded in the application and maintained with the participating bank's files.
In determining the project category, the banks shall proceed from a land allotment statement
issued by the district or city/town environmental inspector (if the project is a new project, in a
new location with land allotment). The environmental inspector may and should determine the
required type of EIA and necessary documents. In certain cases, where it is difficult to classify a
project, environmental inspectors consult the region's ecological expertise bodies. During the
screening of the Investments, for Investments classified as Category B, the banks will review the
screening documents (and follow-up with a visit to the Investment location, if necessitated) and
11
The project Operational Manual will include the format and content of the environmental section of the community proposals.
12
The arrangement for each country screening and environmental approval process will be determined by the institutional arrangements for
project implementation established in the respective country.
43
Environmental Management Framework
identify appropriate mitigation measures. If a site visit is necessitated, the bank's officer will
complete the field visit check list (Annex 1 Part 4). The applicant will reflect the recommended
mitigation measures proposed by the NCU Environment Officer in the application package.
When the bank officer's visit or screening reveals a high or significant risk, the Investment
applicant will hire a local consultant to conduct an EIA and prepare an EMP. The draft terms of
reference for preparation of an EIA is provided in Annex 1 Part 5. The cost of the EIA can be
included in the Investment amount. If the projects are of small scale and require simple EMPs
(and are not subject of State Ecological Expertise of the State Committees for Environmental
Protection) then the banks will review and approve the EMPs or simple EIAs (Annex 1; Part 3).
In cases, when possible significant adverse impacts are discovered during the Field Site Visit or
Environmental Screening, the Environmental Screening and Field Site Visit Checklists are
submitted to the regional ecological expertise departments, which issue a preliminary
environmental statement listing potential environmental concerns and mitigation measures and
determines whether technical expertise is required, either from the national competent authority
or other source. If permits from ecological expertise authorities are needed, these are to be
obtained by the Investment applicant and submitted to the bank with the Investment proposal.
The ecological expertise authority will then issue its approval, if required. Only after the banks
receive official approval from ecological expertise authorities for Investments that have
significant adverse impacts, will the Investment be considered eligible for financial support
under the project.
During the project implementation, the participating banks (and/or district environmental
inspectors) should ensure that the environmental mitigation measures are implemented. In the
case of non-compliance, the banks (and/or district environmental inspectors) as needed will
investigate the nature and reason(s) for non-compliance, and a decision is taken about what is
needed to bring an Investment into compliance, or whether financing should be suspended.
Sub-project Categories:
Investments assessed as Category A, (high environmental risks). The project will not finance any
Category A Investments.
In general cases, as stated above, this category will include all projects included in national
Category I. However, it may also include some Category II projects that can generate significant
impacts or be implemented in critical natural habitats. To solve this issue, it should be taken into
account that the following investments should be considered as having “significant�? impacts and
respectively should be qualified as Category A projects: (a) significantly affect human
populations or alter environmentally important areas, including wetlands, native forests,
grasslands, and other major natural habitats; (b) “significant�? potential impacts might be also
considered the following: direct pollutant discharges that are large enough to cause significant
degradation of air, water or soil; (c) large-scale physical disturbance of the site and/or
surroundings; (c) extraction, consumption, or conversion of substantial amounts of forest and
other natural resources; (d) measurable modification of hydrologic cycle; (e) hazardous materials
in more than incidental quantities; (f) and significant involuntary displacement of people and
other significant social disturbances. It is expected that the Investments will not fall into the
above mentioned circumstances and therefore will not have significant environmental impacts.
In the case a Investment that is presented for financing falls under a Category A project, it will
be rejected.
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Environmental Management Framework
To determine a project category, its location should also be considered. There are a number of
locations which should be considered while deciding to qualify the project as Category A: (a) in
or near sensitive and valuable ecosystems — wetlands, wild lands, and habitat of endangered
species; (b) in or near areas with archaeological and/or historical sites or existing cultural and
social institutions; (c) in densely populated areas, where resettlement may be required or
potential pollution impact and other disturbances may significantly affect communities; (d) in
regions subject to heavy development activities or where there are conflicts in natural resource
allocation; along watercourses, in aquifer recharge areas or in reservoir catchments used for
potable water supply; and on lands or waters containing valuable resources (such as fisheries,
minerals, medicinal plants, prime agricultural soils); and (e) in or near areas with a history of
industrial activity that utilizes or generates hazardous materials (i.e. potential significant legacy
pollution issues). Similarly as above, the project will not support any Investments located in the
proximity of mentioned areas.
Investments assessed as Category B, (moderate environmental risks) require Secondary
Screening during appraisal, and simple mitigation and monitoring arrangements plans.
Annex 2 provides examples of Category A, B and C sub-projects. Based on the results of the
screening and project categorization, if a project is classifed as Category B project, the
environmental requirements would be one of the following: (a) simple Environmental
Management Plan Checklists for projects with minor impacts, particularly those that are typical
for different small scale agricultural and horticultural activities and on-farm management and
small scale construction and rehabilitation Investments13; (b) simple EA and EMP for investment
projects which are located in areas near natural habitats or larger scale agriculture and
horticulture, pasture management investments, as well as participatory forestry and agro-forestry
investments; and (c) regular EIA and EMP, for more complex projects, including off-grid
renewable micro-hydro and similar investments14. The first two category B Investments for each
country will be subject to prior review and then post review by the World Bank.
Step 2: Conducting the EIA and Preparation of EMP: In those cases where such documentation
is required, the project proponents (or involved consultants, acting on their behalf) will prepare
the relevant documents for submission within the time indicated by the reviewing authority. The
format of a typical EMP is provided in Annex 1 Part 5. Depending on the project’s
environmental impacts and its category, the environmental documentation could either be
presented as an EIA section of the overall project documents for Category II and III projects, or
as an EIA statement for Category IV (WB's Category C) .
Step 3: Environmental Approval and Disclosure of EIA and EMP. If the projects are of small
scale and require simple EMPs (and are not subject of State Ecological Expertise) then the
participating banks will review and approve the EMPs or simple EIAs (Annex 1; Part 3). In
cases, when possible significant adverse impacts are likely (based on the determination made by
the State Ecological Expertise) then the State Ecological Expertise reviews and approves the EIA
and EMP. If approval of the SEE is needed, these are to be obtained by the Investment applicant
and submitted with the Investment proposal. Only after the participating bank receives official
approval from SEE for Investment proposals that have significant adverse impacts, will the
Investment be considered eligible for financial support under the project. When approving such
projects, the banks will specifically look that the EMP includes monitoring arrangements for the
13
A number of such control lists with typical mitigation measures for different types of grant investments were prepared within the World Bank's
cotton sector recovery project in Tajikistan and can be used for this project.
14
Such projects will be financed only within a sub-program for Kazakhstan.
45
Environmental Management Framework
proposed mitigation measures and ensures that the costs of environmental management are
accounted for in the project costs.
In case of Category B Investments which involve new constructions, pasture improvement
activities and/or alternative energy activities it is necessary to disclose the EIA/EMP document
and to conduct public consultations with key stakeholders, including local population. This
should be ensured by sub-project beneficiaries. The purpose of the public consultation is to
inform locally affected groups about the Investment activities and offer them the opportunity to
voice their views of any adverse environmental issues they feel may develop during subproject
implementation. Any legitimate issue raised at the public consultation should be included in the
EMP. In this way, the concerns of the people will be taken into consideration and reflected in the
Investment implementation. In the case of rehabilitation of existing facilities, although there
might be no need for a special public hearing the project beneficiary should provide information
to all interested parties about the construction by installing a notice plate placed at the
rehabilitation. Additionally all Investments specific information will be also publicly available
on-line on the NCU website. Documentation of the public consultation outcome is critical and is
included in the EMP. Such documentation should contain the (i) date and location of the
consultations; (ii) list of individuals consulted; (iii) key issues raised during the consultations;
and (iv) the manner in which project design address such issues raised. Overall, the opening of
EIA documents will be conducted by khukumats, which should arrange, together with investment
beneficiaries, public consultations with the local population.
Step 4: Supervision, Monitoring and Reporting: Once project implementation starts, the
participating banks (and/or environmental inspectors) will supervise the implementation of the
EMP through the course of project fulfilment and specify corrective measures as necessary. The
reporting of progress of implementation of the EMP would be the responsibility of the
investment recipients and such reports would be submitted to the participating banks and/or the
SEE authority, as relevant bi-annually. Monitoring reports during project implementation would
provide information about key environmental aspects of the project activities, particularly on the
environmental impacts and effectiveness of mitigation measures. Such information enables the
client and the Bank to evaluate the success of mitigation as part of project supervision, and
allows corrective action to be taken when needed. The EMF identifies monitoring objectives and
specifies the type of monitoring, with linkages to the impacts assessed in the EA report and the
mitigation measures described in the EMF.
Specifically, the monitoring section of the Investment EMPs would provide: (a) details, of
monitoring measures, including the parameters to be measured, methods to be used, sampling
locations, frequency of measurements; and, (b) monitoring and reporting procedures to (i) ensure
early detection of conditions that necessitate particular mitigation measures, and (ii) furnish
information on the progress and results of mitigation. The banks will present short information
about the EMF implementation and Investments environmental performances as part of the
Progress Reports to be presented to the NCU by the client on a semi-annual basis.
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Environmental Management Framework
8. Integrated Pest Management
While, the project will not fund the use of pesticides and other chemicals, it is likely that
investment recipients in agriculture, rangeland and horticulture activities would use pesticides.
The issues of pest management can be potentially raised by the project may relate to possible
indirect effect of stimulating greater use of agro-chemicals associated with more intensive
cultivation and/or higher crop value.
The objective of EMF in this regard is to encourage adoption of Integrated Pest Management
(IPM) approach and increase beneficiaries’ awareness of pesticide-related hazards and good
practices for safe pesticides use and handling as well as to provide relevant training and
information dissemination activities.
Principles of the Integrated Pest Management15
The primary aim of pest management is to manage pests and diseases that may negatively affect
production of crops so that they remain at a level that is under an economically damaging
threshold. Pesticides should be managed to reduce human exposure and health hazards, to avoid
their migration into off-site land or water environments and to avoid ecological impacts such as
destruction of beneficial species and the development of pesticide resistance. One important
strategy is to promote and facilitate the use of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) through
preparation and implementation of an Integrated Pest Management Plan (PMP).
Integrated Pest Management consists of the judicious use of both chemical and nonchemical
control techniques to achieve effective and economically efficient pest management with
minimal environmental contamination. IPM therefore may include the use of:
a) Mechanical and physical control;
b) Cultural control;
c) Biological control, and
d) Rational chemical control.
Integrated Pest Management is the use of multiple techniques to prevent or suppress pests in a
given situation. Although IPM emphasizes the use of nonchemical strategies, chemical control
may be an option used in conjunction with other methods. Integrated pest management strategies
depend on surveillance to establish the need for control and to monitor the effectiveness of
management efforts. World Bank Group in the Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines
prepared in 2007 provides the following stages should be considered when designing and
implementing an Integrated Pest Management Strategy, giving preference to alternative pest
management strategies, with the use of synthetic chemical pesticides as a last option. As a first
essential step, those who make pest management decisions should be provided with training in
identification of pests and beneficial (e.g. natural enemy) species, identification of weeds, and
field scouting methods to evaluate which pests are present and whether they have reached an
economic control threshold (the density at which they begin to cause economically significant
losses).
The World Bank refers to IPM as a mix of farmer-driven, ecologically based pest control
practices that seek to reduce reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. It involves (a) managing
pests (keeping them below economically damaging levels) rather than seeking to eradicate them;
(b) relying, to the extent possible, on non-chemical measures to keep pest populations low; and
15
This section is based on the World Bank Group in the Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines prepared in 2007.
47
Environmental Management Framework
(c) selecting and applying pesticides, when they have to be used, in a way that minimizes
adverse effects on beneficial organisms, humans, and the environment. In general, IPM
combines the following measures: pest monitoring (e.g., pest detection, pest population build-up
monitoring to apply economic thresholds for pesticide application) and prediction based models
(eg., degree-day calculations, software solutions), cultural methods (e.g., resistant varieties, crop
rotation, cultivation of alternate hosts, selection of planting sites, crop specific traps, adjusting
the timing of planting or harvest, crop residue destruction or incorporation, pruning), mechanical
methods (collection, hand weeding, barrier exclusion, trapping), physical methods (e.g., heat,
cold, humidity, traps, sound), and biological methods (e.g., introduction of imported natural
enemies and protection of indigenous natural pest enemies, dissemination and establishment of
microbial control agents). IPM can also include the use of natural chemical methods (e.g.,
attractants, repellents, sterilants and growth inhibitors), plant extracts (e.g., neem oil extracts,
pyrethrum extracts from Chrysanthemum flowers), genetic methods (e.g., release of sterile or
genetically incompatible pests that disrupt natural mating), and regulatory means (e.g., plant and
animal quarantines, suppression and eradication programs). These measures must allow the safe
integration of pesticides as the last control resort within farmers’ traditional cropping and pest
management systems. Pesticide resistance management strategies include minimizing pesticide
use, shunning tank mixes, avoiding persistent chemicals, and using long-term rotations of
pesticides. These should involve alternating among pesticide classes with different modes of
action to delay or mitigate onset of the existing resistance by pests.
Alternatives to pesticide application
Where feasible, an effective IPM strategy will attempt to use alternatives to pesticides. This
might include a range of biological, mechanical and physical, and cultural alternatives or
approaches. It might also involve a more rational use of chemicals, when it is appropriate or as a
last resort. Some possible considerations of alternatives to pesticide use are:
Rotate crops to reduce the presence of pests and weeds in the soil ecosystem;
Use pest-resistant crop varieties;
Use mechanical weed control and/or thermal weeding;
Support and use beneficial organisms, such as insects, birds, mites, and microbial agents,
to perform biological control of pests;
Protect natural enemies of pests by providing a favorable habitat, such as bushes for
nesting sites and other original vegetation that can house pest predators and by avoiding
the use of broad-spectrum pesticides;
Use animals to graze areas and manage plant coverage;
Use mechanical controls such as manual removal, traps, barriers, light, and sound to kill,
relocate, or repel pests.
Conservation of Pollinators. Pollinators provide an essential ecosystem service, namely
pollination. While, approximately 80 percent of all flowering plant species are pollinated by
animals, including vertebrates and mammals, the main pollinators are insects. Maintaining and
increasing yields in horticultural crops, seeds and pastures through better conservation and
management of pollinators is critically important to obtain better farm incomes for horticulture
farmers.
The main threats to losing pollinators’ services stem from the following driving forces:
Habitats required by many pollinators are being lost through changing land-use patterns
such as increasing agricultural intensification. Pollinators require a range of resources
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Environmental Management Framework
from their environment for foraging, nesting, reproduction and shelter. The loss of any
one of these requirements can cause pollinators to become locally extinct.
Excessive use or inappropriate application of pesticides and other agro-chemicals is
known to have negative impacts on a range of pollinators.
Climate change may potentially be one of the most severe threats to pollinator
biodiversity. Substantial distribution changes are predicted for groups such as butterflies.
Invasive species are globally recognized to have major negative impacts across a wide
range of taxa.
In order to protect the decline in populations of pollinators, horticulture farmers will be advised
to take measures for pollinator conservation that are directly linked to their farming practices.
Practices that promote high diversity on-farm, and can form the basis for a more sustainable path
of horticulture growth. The deliberate conservation of pollinators – and its synergy with
integrated pest control – offers ways to maintain yields while reducing purchased inputs. Many
of the measures that promote pollinators can also promote other ecosystem services such as soil
improvement by cover cropping, increasing the abundance of diverse soil functional groups;
habitat management of natural enemies for pest management; breaking cycles of damaging pests
through greater crop diversity, or erosion control through contour plantings and hedgerows.
However, the knowledge base for promoting such pollinator-friendly practices into farming
systems is very scarce, and the project will support improved knowledge networks that can
promote the exchange of such information across regions and crops.
Pesticide application
In the event the use of pesticides is warranted, as a last resort option, users are recommended to
take the specific actions to ensure a more safe and sound application of pesticides, a more
rational use of chemicals, as well as to reduce and control any potential negative impacts on
health and safety, and damage to the environment. If pesticide application is warranted, users are
recommended take the following actions:
Train personnel to apply pesticides and ensure that personnel have received applicable
certifications or equivalent training where such certifications are not required;
Review and follow the manufacturer’s directions on maximum recommended dosage or
treatment as well as published reports on using the reduced rate of pesticide application
without loss of effect, and apply the minimum effective dose;
Avoid routine “calendar-based�? application, and apply pesticides only when needed and
useful based on criteria such as field observations, weather data (e.g., appropriate
temperature, low wind, etc.);
Avoid the use of highly hazardous pesticides, particularly by uncertified, untrained or
inadequately equipped users. This includes:
o Pesticides that fall under the World Health Organization Recommended
Classification of Pesticides by Hazard Classes 1a and 1b should be avoided in almost
all cases, to be used only when no practical alternatives are available and where the
handling and use of the products will be done in accordance with national laws by
certified personnel in conjunction with health and environmental exposure
monitoring;
o Pesticides that fall under the World Health Organization Recommended
Classification of Pesticides by Hazard Class II should be avoided if the project host
country lacks restrictions on distribution and use of these chemicals, or if they are
likely to be accessible to personnel without proper training, equipment, and facilities
to handle, store, apply, and dispose of these products properly;
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Environmental Management Framework
Avoid the use of pesticides listed in Annexes A and B of the Stockholm Convention,
except under the conditions noted in the convention and those subject to international
bans or phase-outs;
Use only pesticides that are manufactured under license and registered and approved by
the appropriate authority and in accordance with the Food and Agriculture Organization’s
(FAO’s) International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides;
Use only pesticides that are labeled in accordance with international standards and norms,
such as the FAO’s Revised Guidelines for Good Labeling Practice for Pesticides;
Select application technologies and practices designed to reduce unintentional drift or
runoff only as indicated in an IPM program, and under controlled conditions;
Maintain and calibrate pesticide application equipment in accordance with
manufacturer’s recommendations. Use application equipment that is registered in the
country of use;
Establish untreated buffer zones or strips along water sources, rivers, streams, ponds,
lakes, and ditches to help protect water resources;
Avoid use of pesticides that have been linked to localized environmental problems and
threats.
Pesticide handling and storage
Contamination of soils, groundwater, or surface water resources, due to accidental spills during
transfer, mixing, and storage of pesticides should be prevented by following the hazardous
materials storage and handling recommendations. These are the following:
Store pesticides in their original packaging, in a dedicated, dry, cool, frost-free, and well
aerated location that can be locked and properly identified with signs, with access limited
to authorized people. No human or animal food may be stored in this location. The store
room should also be designed with spill containment measures and sited in consideration
of potential for contamination of soil and water resources;
Mixing and transfer of pesticides should be undertaken by trained personnel in ventilated
and well lit areas, using containers designed and dedicated for this purpose;
Containers should not be used for any other purpose (e.g. drinking water). Contaminated
containers should be handled as hazardous waste, and should be disposed in specially
designated for hazardous wastes sites. Ideally, disposal of containers contaminated with
pesticides should be done in a manner consistent with FAO guidelines and with
manufacturer's directions;
Purchase and store no more pesticide than needed and rotate stock using a “first-in, first-
out�? principle so that pesticides do not become obsolete. Additionally, the use of obsolete
pesticides should be avoided under all circumstances; A management plan that includes
measures for the containment, storage and ultimate destruction of all obsolete stocks
should be prepared in accordance to guidelines by FAO and consistent with country
commitments under the Stockholm, Rotterdam and Basel Conventions;
Collect rinse water from equipment cleaning for reuse (such as for the dilution of
identical pesticides to concentrations used for application);
Ensure that protective clothing worn during pesticide application is either cleaned or
disposed of in an environmentally responsible manner;
Maintain records of pesticide use and effectiveness.
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Environmental Management Framework
Pesticide Disposal
Excess pesticides that are still usable and not deteriorated in quality should be disposed
according to directions on the label. If it cannot be used, some manufacturing companies will
accept the pesticide for reprocessing. If the above options are not available, check with the local
solid waste management authority, environment or health agency whether there are options
available for the disposal of the unwanted chemicals.
Pesticide containers also pose an environment problem if they are not carefully disposed or
cleaned. Some recommendations for disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers are provided
in Table 5.
Health and Safety Issues
By definition, pesticides are poisons, but the toxicity and hazards of different pesticide
compounds vary greatly and might be different from organism to organism. Pesticide hazard
depends not only on the toxicity, but also on the chance of exposure to toxic amounts of the
pesticide. Pesticides can enter the body through oral ingestion, through skin, or through
inhalation. There are a number of safety precautions that should be taken when manufacturing,
transport, application, storage and handling of pesticides (refer Table 5).
Typical hazards associated with chemical use and remedial measures:
Similarly as in the case of the usage of pesticides, fertilizer usage may provide important benefits
to horticulture development, but they also pose certain risks associated with accidental exposure
of environment and of farmers during their inappropriate handling and usage. To ensure
minimization of hazards associated with inappropriate handling, storage and usage of mineral
fertilizers, a number of measures can be employed. Table 3 provides information about typical
hazard scenarios that that may arise in conjunction with the procurement, handling and storage of
pesticides/fertilizers as well as the recommended measures to control the potential risks.
Table 3. Pesticide/Fertilizer Control Strategy
Likely Hazard
Recommended Control Strategy
Scenario
Spillage Ensure all storage areas and/or facilities are secure and appropriate.
Ensure all fertilizer products can be contained within the storage area and/or
facility selected
Provide appropriate equipment and materials to clean up a spillage
Transportation and Cover any loads of fertilizer products whilst in transit
delivery of goods Ensure that deliveries of fertilizer products are made at appropriate times
Do not accept any containers of fertilizer products that are damaged and/or
leaking.
Ensure that any spillages that occur during delivery are cleaned up
appropriately.
Drift of dust from Keep fertilizer products covered and/or sealed
storage areas and/or Clean up spillages promptly
facilities Keep “in use�? stocks to the minimum required
Staff responsible for storage areas and/or facilities to will ensure that the drift
of dust beyond the perimeter is kept to a minimum.
Storage areas - Floors Keep floor surfaces swept clean of fertilizer to prevent tracking by people
and/or vehicles beyond the perimeter.
Sweep up and dispose of spillages in a timely and appropriate manner
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Environmental Management Framework
Likely Hazard
Recommended Control Strategy
Scenario
Cross contamination Keep each fertilizer product will in a separate storage container and/or position
of product within the facility and/or area.
Confusion of Product Maintain an accurate storage manifest/register.
Keep products and blends are segregated at all times.
Ensure all storage bays and bins are clearly labelled.
Ensure all storage, loading and blending plant and equipment is cleaned from
all residues when changing from one product to another.
Do not store product in bags that are not correctly stamped
Occupational Health Contact between fertilizer products, people and livestock will be minimized.
and Safety
Risk Assessments Risk Assessments are required to be conducted on the procurement, storage
and handling of fertilizer products.
Contact with people Managers will develop, implement and monitor the effectiveness of hazard
and livestock management procedures
All persons using fertilizer products are to adhere to the hazard management
procedures and adopt safe working practice and ensure that direct contact with
fertilizer and the inhalation of fertilizer dust is minimized.
Managers are to ensure that staff is made aware of any national and industry
regulations which have to be observed.
Personal Protective Staff must be provided with appropriate PPE when using fertilizer products.
Equipment
Lack of appropriate Managers must ensure that appropriate safety warning signs and/or
warning safety information is displayed/ available regarding nature of hazards and risk control
signage and measures.
information
Poor housekeeping All staff is responsible for implementing sound housekeeping practices in
and/or routine storage areas and arranging regular routine maintenance for all equipment
maintenance used.
Defective &/or Conduct regular inspection & testing of equipment and infrastructure to
unserviceable plant & identify what maintenance requirements
equipment
Incorrect or Fertilizer blends to be prepared using the right raw materials in the appropriate
inappropriate proportions. All products will be loaded into spreaders etc. in the right
mixtures of product condition to the right weight.
No training Staff will undertake appropriate training.
Lack of appropriate All relevant records and documentation to be kept and maintained egg. training
records &/or records, risk assessments, maintenance schedules, recipes for fertilizer blends,
documentation MSDS’s etc.
Pest Management Plan
The entity which will be dealing with pest management within the projects to be supported under
the project has to be guided by the Pest Management Plan (PMP). The content of the PMP
should apply to all the activities and individuals working. It should be emphasized also that
nonchemical control efforts will be used to the maximum extent possible before pesticides are
used.
The Pest Management Plan should be a framework through which pest management is defined
and accomplished. The Plan should identify elements of the program to include health and
environmental safety, pest identification, and pest management, as well as pesticide storage,
transportation, use and disposal. Management plan is to be used as a tool to reduce reliance on
52
Environmental Management Framework
pesticides, to enhance environmental protection, and to maximize the use of integrated pest
management techniques.
The PMP shall contain pest management requirements, outlines the resources necessary for
surveillance and control, and describes the administrative, safety and environmental
requirements. The Plan should provide guidance for operating and maintaining an effective pest
management program/ activities. Pests considering in the Plan may be weeds and other unwanted
vegetation, crawling insects and other vertebrate pests. Without control, these pests provoke
plants’ deceases. Adherence to the Plan will ensure effective, economical and environmentally
acceptable pest management and will maintain compliance with pertinent laws and regulations.
The recommended structure of a Pest Management Plan is presented in the Annex 1 Part 6.
Pest Management Operational Plan: The objective of the Pest Management in the project is to
promote environmentally friendly (hygienic, cultural, and biological or natural) control
mechanisms and the judicious use of chemicals in pest control and effectively monitor pesticide
use. Implementation of pest management activities under the Project would entail education,
training and communication that is defined in a Pest Management Operational Plan. The pest
management operational plan defines a broad menu of options for managing and monitoring pest
control and pesticide usage under the project. The NCUs will be responsible for communicating
the content of the Pest Management Operational Plan to farmers and Grant Investment
recipients. It would establish channels of on-going communication with farmer associations,
organize orientation workshops and training on IPM techniques as well as the pest management
operational plan requirements, which will be at the forefront in terms of use of pesticides and are
likely to be exposed to its various and gradual risk.
The NCUs will create awareness among project farmers of the importance of pest and pesticide
management in the framework of this Pest Management Operational Plan and avenues created or
available for obtaining appropriate pesticides among other things. Each country will prepare a
Pest Operational Plan (based on the outline of a Pest Operational Plan provided in Table 4). The
plan will also ensure that all farmers have access to information on relevant crop pests and
diseases, potential IPM strategies regarding pest control, current list of registered and banned
pesticides and information kits would be developed (in local understood languages) on methods
for safe use, handling, storage and disposal of pesticides and the consequent environmental and
health related impacts of improper use of these pesticides.
Table 4: Pest Management Operational Plan
Impact
Responsibi
issue/pest and Desirable Potential Indicative Indicative
lity/ Key
pesticide mitigation implementation expected monitoring
implement
threat and measures tools result indicators
ing actors
risk
Pollution of Control, manage Awareness of Farmers Number of
water and supervise proper applicationtrained in farmers trained,
resources and pesticide use by and disposal of sound Training records
aquatic life farmers pesticides and application and
oversight disposal
methods
Proper disposal Pesticide Pesticide Number of
of pesticide container container farmers/ resellers
containers by collection and disposal plan aware of pesticide
resellers/farmers disposal being container disposal
plan/arrangements implemented needs
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Environmental Management Framework
Impact
Responsibi
issue/pest and Desirable Potential Indicative Indicative
lity/ Key
pesticide mitigation implementation expected monitoring
implement
threat and measures tools result indicators
ing actors
risk
in place by by farmer
farmers
Improper use Educate farmers Pesticide hazards Proper use of Number of cases
of pesticides and farm and use guide pesticides by of pesticide
by farmers and workers on leaflet for the farmers and poisoning
farm workers proper use of project (include farm workers occurring under
pesticides and simple pictorial the project
pesticide use presentations)
hazards
Control and Awareness of Farmers Number of
supervision of proper application trained in farmers trained,
pesticide use on and disposal of application and Training records
farms by pesticides and disposal of
farmers oversight pesticides
Poisoning Educate Pesticide hazards Farmers, farm Number of cases
from improper farmers, farm and use guide workers, local of pesticide
disposal of workers and leaflet for the communities poisoning
pesticide local project educated on through use of
containers communities on pesticide use pesticide
health hazards containers;
associated with
use of pesticide Number of
containers farmers returning
empty pesticide
Properly dispose Pesticide Pesticide containers at
pesticide container disposal container collection points;
containers procedures known cleaning and
by farmers disposal being Number of
properly farmers, resellers
implemented trained in proper
cleaning of
pesticide
containers
Impact on post Framers have Post-harvest loss Post- harvest Number of
harvest losses adequate and reduction based losses avoided farmers trained in
due to pests proper storage on IPM or minimized IPM techniques
facilities techniques under for postharvest
implementation Applied storage;
pesticides
registered in Number and
conformity condition of
with IPM storage facilities
principles in use
Farmers monitor Post-harvest loss Number of cases
incidence of reduction plan of postharvest
post- harvest based on IPM pests
pests techniques in
place
Confirm status Inspection of Records of
and integrity of pesticides at pesticides applied
pesticides at farm/storage gate kept by farmers
storage gate prior to use on
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Environmental Management Framework
Impact
Responsibi
issue/pest and Desirable Potential Indicative Indicative
lity/ Key
pesticide mitigation implementation expected monitoring
implement
threat and measures tools result indicators
ing actors
risk
prior to use random basis
Abuses in Ensure status All pesticides Only approved List of pesticides
pesticide use and integrity of kept in the and registered used in line with
pesticides original well pesticides used Uzbekistan list of
purchased and labeled pesticide under project registered and
used under containers prior to approved
project use Banned pesticides
pesticides
No decanting of avoided Cases of
pesticides under pesticides found
this project by Expired in non-original
farmers pesticides pesticides
avoided /
Random Integrity of Inspection
inspection of at pesticide records for
farm gate prior to guaranteed at pesticides at farm
use farm gate level gate prior to use
containers
General health Farmers IPM techniques Compliance Number of
and safety of educated to with emphasis on with best Pest/ farmers trained in
farmers/crops adopt Good cultural and pesticide IPM techniques;
and Agricultural biological forms management
environmental Practices (GAP) of pest control Number of
hazards based upon IPM farmers
techniques; and implementing
do not use IPM on their
chemical farms
pesticides unless
advised by Frequency of
Government chemical
regulations pesticides usage
Provide PPEs to Health and safety Farmers and Quantities and
Farmers/ farm policy for farm accompanying types of PPEs are
using personal work dependents easily available
protection (children) under the project
equipment protected
(PPE) against
pesticide
exposure in the
fields
Educate Pesticide hazards Farmers know Number of
farmers/ farm and use leaflet for and use farmers trained in
workers in the the project pesticides pesticide use;
proper use of (include simple properly;
pesticides pictorial pesticide Number of
presentations) hazards and farmers having
use guide copies of the
leaflet or flyers pesticide hazard
produced and use guide
flyers;
Train farmers to Obsolete and Obsolete and Relationship
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Environmental Management Framework
Impact
Responsibi
issue/pest and Desirable Potential Indicative Indicative
lity/ Key
pesticide mitigation implementation expected monitoring
implement
threat and measures tools result indicators
ing actors
risk
properly dispose unused pesticide unused between pesticide
obsolete and disposal pesticide supply and usage
unused arrangements disposal
pesticides made by farmer arrangements
implemented
by farmer
Educate farmers Pesticide use Only pesticides Relationship
to obtain or farmer plan needed are between pesticide
purchase purchased; supply and usage
quantities of long term
pesticides storage of
required at a pesticides by
given time and farmers
to avoid long avoided
term storage of
pesticides
Farmers trained Framer Pesticide Number of
and aware of emergency accidents and pesticide
emergency response plan in emergencies accidents and
response to place managed under emergencies
pesticide the project
accidents and
poisoning
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Environmental Management Framework
9. EMF Institutional Arrangements and Capacity Building
National Coordination Units, in each participating country, operating under the supervision of
the national focal point and TWG (technical working group), will be responsible for ensuring
awareness raising and outreach of investment opportunities, providing training for investment
proposal preparation, screening proposals, submitting investment proposals to the Climate
Change Secretariat for Central Asia (CCSCA), based on TWG and focal point recommendations,
monitoring investment implementation, and ensuring compliance with Bank safeguards.
The NCUs will receive capacity building in environmental management. It will be responsible
for performance in planning and implementing measures necessary to address safeguard policy
issues to the satisfaction of the Bank. The NCUs Environmental Officer would be overall
responsible for projects safeguards issues.16
Major Responsibilities of the NCU
The NCUs will ensure that the project activities are being assessed from environmental point of
view and that the EMPs are adequately implemented. In this regard this body will be responsible
for:
(b) coordination of environmental and EA related issues;
(c) monitoring of the environmental impacts within the overall monitoring of the
Investments implementation;
(d) communication with the national EIA competent authority; and
(e) ensuring the links between an EIA and Investments i.e. to support the proper
implementation of the conditions given by an EIA within the Investments realization.
Key responsibilities of participating banks
The participating banks will play a decisive role in EMF implementation and will be responsible
for ensuring environmental assessment for any investment subproject. They will be involved in
the EIA process from subproject screening to implementation. They will screen subprojects and
determine their category, as well as the type of documents the investment beneficiaries will need
to prepare. Then they will need to study all environmental documents submitted by beneficiaries
and make a decision on project financing. They will also monitor EMP performance and, if they
find out that the respective beneficiary fails to perform the prescribed environment protection
measures, they will have the right to cancel project financing. EIA documents for the first three
Category B subprojects will be submitted to the World Bank for preliminary approval.
When assessing subprojects, the banks will need to ensure that they comply with Uzbekistan and
the World Bank's environmental requirements, as well as this document. The banks will keep all
environmental assessment documents in their files and provide them as requested by the NCU or
the World Bank. In particular the banks will conduct the following:
(a) Investment environmental screening;
(b) carry out the evaluation of the Investment’s eligibility from the environmental point of view;
(c) provide necessary information on the environmental issues to the Investments applicants
(especially inform them about the environmental criteria to be used, explain all obligations
regarding the EIA procedure etc.);
16
The draft terms of references for this officer are provided in Annex 3.
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Environmental Management Framework
(d) supervising independently or jointly with the National Environmental Agencies the
mitigation and environmental protection measures stipulated in Environmental Management
Plans.
Capacity Building
Training for the NCU Safeguard Specialists: In order to ensure successful implementation of the
EMF requirements it is necessary to provide a series of capacity building activities. In particular,
it is proposed that prior to commencement of the investment grant program, the Climate Change
Secretariat for Central Asia under ICSD would organize environmental safeguard training for all
participating countries to ensure that the respective country environmental safeguard specialists
are trained and capable of managing the environmental safeguard review and approval process
for the investment programs. The conduct of the regional training would be contracted to a
selected environmental NGO or a design institute with EA experience. The regional EIA training
will broadly consists of the following topics: (i) Concept of EIA with relation to sustainable
development framework; (ii) theory and practice of EIA; (iii) purpose benefits and justification of
EIA in the context of development; (iv) EIA in project cycle; (v) introduction to EIA process,
including screening, scoping, preparation of TORs and work plans, EIA study and reporting;
impact analysis and prediction, etc.; (vi) EIA review process and decision making process; (vii)
post EIA monitoring, supervision and reporting, etc. The contract for the training will also include
the preparation of an Environmental Impact Training Resource Manual that could be used by the
respective NCU environmental safeguard specialists for in-country training.
Subsequently, in-country training would be carried out the individual NCU environmental
safeguard specialists. Depending on the specific implementation arrangements instituted at each
country, training on safeguards could be extended to regional or sector staff, as appropriate.
Training for participating banks. To avoid duplication with similar projects in Tajikistan, it was
decided that the investment program would be implemented using the scheme approved for
another World Bank's activity, the Horticulture Development Project. That project also envisioned
that a loan facility would be opened in two banks, to provide loans to farmers. Accordingly,
before approving the current project, respective measures will be taken within the Agriculture
Commercialization Project, to build the capacity of the participating banks in environmental
assessment. The program will be similar to the training program for NCU specialists.
Training for investees. Another critical group to be exposed to the importance of the environment
concerns includes entrepreneurs from agricultural, energy and other sectors receiving investments
should be provided advices on use better available techniques to prevent/ mitigate impact and
promote sustainable agriculture, rangeland and alternative energy technologies. The workshops
for this group would include environmental awareness and a practical exercise to observe and
learn about sustainable agricultural and rangeland management practices, alternative energy and
best available techniques in integrated pest management.
The individual country NCU will develop the requirements for staffing, capacity building and
training needs specifically for each country to ensure an efficient management of environment
safeguard responsibilities.
In order to ensure successful EMF implementation, a series of capacity building activities are
necessary for which the project has to provide adequate funding. A tentative budget for proposed
capacity building activities and trainings for an individual is presented in Table 5 below. A more
detailed budget to cover all EMF related activities (training, capacity building, awareness,
independent review and monitoring of EMF implementation) will be developed by each country.
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Environmental Management Framework
Table 5: Estimated tentative individual country budget for capacity building activities
Costs of
Number of
Target Group Purpose of Training Workshop/Activity
Workshops/Activities
in USD
A. Environment Management
1. NCU staff, and To ensure that NCU and other 2 workshops (YR1 5,000/workshop
grant/loan relevant grant/loan approving and YR4)
approval entities entities are aware about
importance of the environment
and know how to recognize the
impacts that various funded
activities may have on the
environment.
2. NCU To provide NCU environmental 2 overseas (in Central 5,000/study tour
Environmental safeguard specialist with Asia) regional training
Safeguard knowledge on the screening of tours (YR1)
Specialist the projects, EIA process and
EIA review/study tour
3. Sub- Environmental awareness and a 2 workshops (YR1, 4,000/workshop
borrowers/project practical exercise to observe and YR2)
beneficiaries learn about sustainable
agricultural practices and best
available techniques and industry
and agriculture
4. Farmers/farmer To provide farmers/grantees with two-day in-country 4,000/workshop
groups knowledge on environmental regional workshop
issues and environmental
management techniques and
procedures
5. Regional/Local Training on use of environmental 2 workshops (YR1, 5,000/workshop
Government guidelines, how to identify sub YR3)
Officers projects that may fall into one of
overseeing the Bank’s environmental
investment grants categories, and in which case
will require a full and/or a partial
EIA, and, to identify activities
that may affect the environment
and in organizing the subprojects
EIAs
B. Pest Management
6. NCU and To ensure that NCU and sector 2 workshops (YR1 10,000/workshop
agriculture staff staff are aware about and YR2)
environmental and health related
concerns of pesticide us and the
value of promoting integrated pest
management
7. Sub- Awareness and a practical 3 workshops (YR1, 4,000/workshop
borrowers/project exercise to observe and learn YR3 and YR5)
beneficiaries about integrated pest management
practices and best available
techniques for horticulture and
safe use of pesticides
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Environmental Management Framework
Funding for EMPs Implementation
During the (re)construction/implementation phase, the EMP implementation will be funded by
the subproject beneficiaries. All (re)construction and installation activities will be provided by
investment recipients
10. Environmental Supervision and Reporting
Since the proposed types of investments are very small with insignificant impacts and in most
cases the EIAs and EMPS will be reviewed and approved by the participating banks. In rare
cases, when impacts are expected to be significant, the review and approval of the EIA and
EMPs will be undertaken by the State Ecological Expertise. No activity will be permitted to start
a subproject until a favorable official written approval is received.
Supervision and monitoring activities
During subproject implementation the participating banks and the NCU will have overall
supervision responsibility for assuring that the measures indicated in the EMP are being properly
performed. Independently, or in collaboration with the national environmental authorities they
will perform the Investment environmental supervision during both construction and operation
phases as specified in the monitoring plan of the EMP.
Reporting
Regular Investment progress reports should include a section entitled “Environmental
Management�?. The section should be as brief as possible: providing a condensed description of
the monitoring activities, any issues identified and how they were or are planned to be resolved.
Subproject beneficiaries’ responsibilities
The actual investment implementation will be carried out by its beneficiary or contractors
selected on its behalf. They have to operate in full compliance with national environmental
legislation and with the EMP requirements. Further, the beneficiaries are obliged to follow
regulative requirements of the national law related to occupational health and safety;
environmental protection. They will also be requested to designate a person in charge of
environmental and safety issues and for implementing the EMP.
11. EMF Disclosure
The EMF draft document was discussed with all stakeholders. To this end, on May 4, 2015, the
Rural Restructuring Agency published the document on its webpage (http://www.rra.uz) so that
any interested persons could read the document and take part in public discussions. The
discussion took place on May 11, 2015. The participants included members of the program
working group and representatives of interested institutions (agriculture, environment protection,
research institutes). It was pointed out at the discussion that the draft EMF covers almost all
possible impacts and mitigation measures, as well as environmental assessment and control
procedures. Overall, the EMF was approved by all participants in the meeting. After finalization,
the EMF was again presented at the Agency's website and sent to the World Bank to be disclosed
in its InfoShop.
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Environmental Management Framework
Annexes
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Environmental Management Framework
ANNEX 1. Environmental Screening Checklist
PART 1
GRANT/LOAN RECIPIENT ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING CHECKLIST
(to be completed by Climate Investment Grant Recipient)
1. Investment Title:
2. Brief Description of Investment activity to include: nature of the project, project cost,
physical size, site area, location, property ownership, existence of on-going operations, plans for
expansion or new construction.
3. Will the project have impacts on the environmental parameters listed below during the
construction or operational phases? Indicate, with a check “X�?, during which phase impacts will
occur and whether mitigation measures are required.
Construction Operational Mitigation
Environmental Component
Phase Phase Measures
Terrestrial environment
Soil Erosion & Degradation: Will the project involve
ploughing/plant cultivation on the slopes?
Habitats and Biodiversity Loss: Will the project
involve use or modification of habitats (pasturing on
and ploughing up the steppe areas, cutting or removal
of trees or other natural vegetation, etc.)
Land degradation: Will the project apply pesticides?
Land, habitats & ecosystems degradation: In case of
rangeland management and livestock production, will
the project contribute to land, habitats and ecosystems
degradation?
Land & soil degradation: Will the project involve land
excavation?
Generation of solid wastes, including toxic wastes?
Will the project located in vicinity of protected areas
or other sensitive areas supporting important habitats
of natural fauna and flora?
Agricultural crop production & plantation crop
production - will the project presume appropriate
agricultural practices?
Biodiversity Loss: enlargement of area under the
agricultural crop production
Soil & underground water pollution
Land degradation, water pollution & aesthetics:
Construction
Other impacts
Aquatic environment
Water Quantity: Will the project involve water use
and extraction?
Water Quality/Pollution: Will the project contribute to
surface water pollution?
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Environmental Management Framework
Underground and Surface Water Pollution: Will the
project apply pesticides and inorganic fertilizers
contributing to surface water pollution?
Loss of Biodiversity: Will the project located in
vicinity of protected area or wetlands supporting both
local avifauna and birds on passage?
Degradation of natural aquatic ecosystems
Weeds, pests, diseases: Will the project contribute to
spreading of weeds, pests and animal and plant
diseases?
Will the project contribute to sedimentation of
waterbodies?
Other impacts
Socio-economic environment
Will the project assure non-deterioration of human
health, occupational safety and non-disturbance of
residents living near project area?
Does the project require public consultation to
consider local people environmental concerns and
inputs?
Social impacts
4. For the environmental components indicated above, and using the information (examples) provided in
the table below describe the mitigation measures that will be included during the construction (C) or
operational (O) phase of the project or both (B)
Phase
Environmental Component Mitigation measures
(C, O or B)
Sub-borrower: Signature: Date:
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Examples of Mitigation Measures
(for more detailed description of listed below and other potential mitigation measures refer to
Table 3 above)
Environmental Component Mitigation measures
Terrestrial environment
Soil Erosion & Degradation: 1) Ploughing across the slope
Will the project involve 2) Contour tillage
ploughing/plant cultivation 3) Avoid creation of new terraces since it is linked with loss of topsoil, etc.
on the slopes stimulating soil
erosion and landslides?
Habitats and Biodiversity 1) Avoiding use of remained natural or semi-natural steppe areas for
Loss: Will the project involve pasturing and crop production
use or modification of 2) Avoid, where possible, cutting of trees and other natural vegetation, etc.
habitats (pasturing on and 3) Minimize loss of natural vegetation/ Maximal preservation of
ploughing up the steppe vegetation during construction
areas, cutting or removal of
trees or other natural
vegetation, etc.)
Land degradation: Will the 1) Use of less harmful (non-persistent) pesticides
project apply pesticides? 2) Not to apply more pesticides than needed
3) To ensure appropriate pesticides handling to avoid contaminated
surface runoff, etc.
4) Use of Integrated pest management approaches
Land, habitats & ecosystems 1) Not to exceed pastures’ capacity and avoid overgrazing
degradation: In case of 2) Where possible, use of stabling
rangeland management and 3) To develop sown pastures
livestock production, will the 4) Where possible use rotational grazing, to fence grazing areas to use
project contribute to land, them subsequently, giving to others possibility to restore, etc.
habitats and ecosystems 5) Not to graze in natural areas in early spring and late autumn, etc.
degradation?
Land & soil degradation: 1) To dislocate excavated topsoil to adjacent agricultural lands
Will the project involve land
excavation?
Generation of solid wastes, 1) Wastes reuse and recycling
including toxic wastes? 2) Disposal on authorized landfills including on special toxic wastes
disposal sites
Will the project located in 1) Consideration of alternative locations, where possible
vicinity of protected areas or 2) Careful timing of works and work seasonally, as appropriate: to avoid
other sensitive areas construction during breeding season
supporting important habitats 3) Where possible, to fence the area under construction to lessen
of natural fauna and flora? occasional disturbance on habitats and biodiversity
4) Use natural meadows and grasslands rather for mowing than grazing
5) Inform personnel about importance of adjacent environmentally
important area, if any, etc.
Agricultural crop production 1) Appropriate crop rotation: fallow land – wheat – maize – sunflower –
& plantation crop production lucerne – lucerne (2 years long) – legumes (pea, haricot, etc.) / wheat
- will the project presume maize, etc./ or rye- maize-sunflower-Lucerne-Lucerne-legumes-rye, etc
appropriate agricultural 2) Ploughing and tillage: ploughing across the slope & contour tillage
practices? 3) On lands which are subject to erosion preferable cultivation of plants
with require dense sowing (e.g. wheat, rye, etc.) and avoid cultivation of
tilled crops (e.g., maize, sunflower)
4) Orchards: creation of grass strips between the rows, deep cultivation
between the rows
5) Where possible, to prefer agricultural land arrangement as
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Environmental Management Framework
Environmental Component Mitigation measures
follows: areas with cultivated crops alternated with areas used for
pasturing and orchards, etc.
Biodiversity Loss: Where possible, to plant (or maintain) green corridors to ensure movement
enlargement of area under the of terrestrial fauna
agricultural crop production
Soil & underground water 1) Fuel and lubricants: use of specially arranged sites (with concrete floor)
pollution for their handling and storage to avoid their leakages into the soil and
runoff into waterbodies
2) Pesticides: see above
3) Use of special platforms and tanks with a waterproof bottom for
accumulation of manure and preparing of organic fertilizers, etc.
Land degradation, water 1) Careful selection of location for and planning of the project
pollution & aesthetics: 2) To minimize construction site’s size and design work to minimize land
Construction affected
3) Where possible, to execute construction works during dry season to
avoid excessive contaminated runoff
4) Properly arranged waste disposal sites
5) Cleaning of construction site, replacing the lost trees, re-vegetation of
work area, etc.
Other impacts? Other measures?
Aquatic environment
Water Quantity: Will the 1) To ensure natural flow of water/ minimum disruption of natural streams
project involve water use and flows
extraction? 2) To install water meters to control and minimize water use
3) Avoid or minimize surface water abstraction in case downstream the
wetland is situated. etc.
Water Quality/Pollution: Will 1a). For small rural enterprises: to install local wastewater treatment
the project contribute to facilities (e.g., septic tanks)
surface water pollution? 1b). For big enterprises: not to exceed established limits of pollutants in
effluents
2) To minimize water and mud collection
3) Where possible, to renovate existing sewerage system/ensure
connection to municipal sewerage system
4) To arrange properly waste disposal sites
Underground and Surface 1) See above
Water Pollution: Will the 2) Where possible, to plant at least bush vegetation downslope to reduce
project apply pesticides and pollutants surface runoff into waterbodies
inorganic fertilizers
contributing to surface water
pollution?
Loss of Biodiversity: Will the 1) Where possible, to avoid introduction of alien species
project involve introduction 2) In case of use of already introduced alien species to ensure their
of alien species (e.g., in case noncoming into natural ecosystems, e.g., during water discharge from the
of aquaculture projects)? ponds, etc.
Loss of Biodiversity: Will the 1) Not to exceed established limits of pollutants in effluents and emissions
project located in vicinity of 2) To avoid or minimize construction and operational activities during
protected area or wetlands breeding and migration periods, etc.
supporting both local
avifauna and birds on
passage?
Degradation of natural 1) Avoid application of pesticides in the strip with width of 300 m along
aquatic ecosystems the natural surface waterbodies,
2) Avoid cutting of trees and other natural vegetation along the
waterbodies
3) Avoid coming of alien species into natural waterbodies,
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Environmental Management Framework
Environmental Component Mitigation measures
4) Properly arranged waste disposals sites, etc.
Weeds, pests, diseases: Will 1) Avoid cultivation of plant mono-culture on agricultural lands
the project contribute to 2) Appropriate pest management
spreading of weeds, pests and 3) Giving the priority to the agro-technical and biological measures for the
animal and plant diseases? control of weeds, pests, and diseases
4) In cattle farms, to adhere established veterinary rules to prevent or
minimize animal diseases, etc.
Sedimentation of waterbodies 1) To avoid excessive soil erosion: see above
2) Minimize soil processing
3) Provide retention/ sedimentation ponds, as necessary
4) To control reed harvesting ( to avoid over-harvesting)
Other impacts? Other measures?
Socio-economic environment
Will the project assure non- 1) To ensure collective and individual protective measures (work clothes,
deterioration of human masks, shoes), when needed.
health, occupational safety 2) To adhere established occupational safety requirements as well as
and non-disturbance of simple rules, e.g.:
residents living near project a. water spaying twice a day during construction to avoid dust
area? (mainly for b. Permanent ventilation of internal areas
construction activities) c. timing of work
3) To conduct regular instructing of personnel on health and occupational
safety requirements
4) To restrict vehicle speeds and trough-traffic in residential areas,
especially trucks
5) Restrict trough-traffic in residential areas
6) Work timing to minimize disturbance/ restrict construction to certain
hours
7) Restrict movement of hazardous materials in residential areas/
regulation of transportation of materials; apply any load restriction
required during and post construction periods
8) Incorporate safety and environment protection requirements in the
project contract documents, etc.
Does the project require If yes, anticipated public concerns, e.g., project location, waste disposal
public consultation to sites, harmful emissions into environment, aesthetic arrangement of site
consider local people under construction activities? etc.
environmental concerns and
inputs?
Social impacts Appropriate project design: location, methods of construction, use of safe
technologies during operation period, work timing, careful
decommissioning, etc.
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Environmental Management Framework
ANNEX 1. ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING CHECKLIST
PART 2
INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING CHECKLIST
(to be completed by the participating bank as appropriate)
1. Project Environmental Category (B or C)
2. Environmental Assessment Required (Yes or No)
3. Type of Environmental Assessment:
3.1 Partial EIA for Category B projects
3.2 EMP Checklists for small scale construction/reconstruction activities
4. Types of EA documents:
4.1 Partial EIA, including site assessment and EMP for category B projects
4.2 Site assessment and EMP checklists for small scale category B projects
5. What environmental issues are raised by the proposed investment?
6. If an environmental assessment is required, what are the specific issues to be addressed?
7. If a Pest Management Plan is required, what specific concerns need to be addressed?
8. What is the time frame and estimated cost of conducting the environmental assessment?
Environmental Screener: Signature: Date:
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Environmental Management Framework
ANNEX 1. Environmental Screening Checklist
PART 3
FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING CHECKLIST
(to be completed by the participating bank)
1. Was an Environmental Impact Assessment needed? (Y/N) ___ If “Yes�?, was it done? ___
2. Have national and World Bank requirements for public consultation been met and fully
documented? (Y/N) ________
3. Was an Environmental Management Plan prepared? (Y/N) ________
4. Was a Pest Management Plan needed? (Y/N) _____ If “Yes�?, was it done? _____
5. Are the mitigation measures to be included in project implementation adequate and
appropriate? (Y/N) ________
6. Will the project comply with existing pollution control standards for emissions and wastes?
(Y/N) ___ If “No�?, will an exemption be sought? __________
7. Is an Environmental Monitoring Plan necessary? (Y/N) ___ If so, has it been prepared? (Y/N)
___ Approved by the NCU? __________
8. What follow-up actions are required by the proponent and NCU?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
9. Were public consultations held concerning potential environmental impacts of the proposed
sub-project? (Y/N) ____ Were minutes recorded? (Y/N) ____
Dates: Participants:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
____________________ Date:
Environmental Screener
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Environmental Management Framework
ANNEX 1. Field Inspection Checklist
PART 4
FIELD INSPECTION CHECKLIST
(to be completed by the participating bank for Category B subprojects)
Project name: Date/time of Visit:
Region/location: Other participants:
Current activity and site history
Who is the site contact (name, position, contact information)?
What is the area of the site to be used for project activities?
What are current uses of the site?
What were previous uses of the site (give dates if possible)?
Environmental Situation
Are there sensitive sites nearby (nature reserves, cultural sites, historical landmarks)?
Are there water courses on the site?
What is the terrain or slope?
Does the site experience flooding, waterlogging or landslides? Are there signs of erosion?
What are the neighboring buildings (e.g. schools, dwellings, industries) and land uses?
Estimate distances.
Will the proposed site affect transportation or public utilities?
Licenses, Permits and Clearances
Does the site require licenses or permits to operate the type of activity proposed? Are these
available for inspection?
What environmental or other (e.g., health, forestry) authorities have jurisdiction over the
site?
Water Quality Issues
Does the proposed activity use water for any purposes (give details and estimate quantity).
What is the source?
Will the proposed activity produce any effluent? (estimate quantity and identify discharge
point)
Is there a drainage system on site for surface waters or sewage? Is there a plan available of
existing drainage or septic systems?
How waste water is managed (surface water courses, dry wells, septic tanks)?
Soils
What is the ground surface (agricultural land, pasture, etc.)?
Will the project damage soils during construction or operations?
Will the project affect the landscape significantly (draining wetlands, changing stream
courses)
Pesticide Issues
What are the procedures for transport, application, storage and disposal of pesticide
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Environmental Management Framework
Are members of the grant recipient work force trained in proper storage and use of
pesticides?
Are pesticides being used as a last resort?
Are there efforts to use integrated pest management measures?
Biological environment
Describe vegetation cover on the site.
Is there information about rare or threatened flora and fauna at or near the site? If yes, would
the project have an impact or increase risk to the species?
Obtain a list of vertebrate fauna and common plants of the site (if available).
Note potential negative impacts on biota if project proceeds.
Visual Inspection Procedures
Try to obtain a site map or make a sketch to mark details.
Take photos, if permitted.
Walk over as much of the site as possible, including boundaries, to note adjacent activities.
Note any odors, smoke or visual dust emissions, standing water, etc.
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Environmental Management Framework
ANNEX 1. Terms of Reference for Conducting an Environment Impact Assessment
PART 5
TERMS OF REFERENCE
(For conducting an Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Categories B of subprojects)
An Environmental Assessment Report Categories B projects focuses on the significant
environmental issues raised by a Sub-project. Its primary purpose is to identify environmental
impacts and those measures that, if incorporated into the design and implementation of a project
can assure that the negative environmental effects will be minimized. The scope and level of
detail required in the analysis depend on the magnitude and severity of potential impacts.
The environmental assessment report should include the following elements:
a. Executive Summary. This summarizes the significant findings and recommended actions.
b. Policy, legal and administrative framework. This section summarizes the legal and
regulatory framework that applies to environmental management in the jurisdiction where the
study is done.
c. Project Description. Describes the nature and scope of the project and the geographic,
ecological, temporal and socioeconomic context in which the project will be carried out. The
description should identify social groups that will be affected, include a map of the project
site, and identify any off-site or support facilities that will be required for the project.
d. Baseline data. Describe relevant physical, biological and social condition including any
significant changes anticipated before the project begins. Data should be relevant to project
design, location, operation or mitigation measures.
e. Environmental impacts. Describe the likely or expected positive and negative impacts in
quantitative terms to the extent possible. Identify mitigation measures and estimate residual
impacts after mitigation. Describe the limits of available data and uncertainties related to the
estimation of impacts and the results of proposed mitigation.
f. Analysis of Alternatives. Systematically compare feasible alternatives to the proposed project
location, design and operation including the "without project" alternative in terms of their
relative impacts, costs and suitability to local conditions. For each of the alternatives quantify
and compare the environmental impacts and costs relative to the proposed plan.
g. Environmental Management Plan (EMP). If significant impacts requiring mitigation are
identified, the EMP defines the mitigation that will be done, identifies key monitoring
indicators and any needs for institutional strengthening for effective mitigation and
monitoring to be carried out.
h. Appendices.
This section should include:
(i) The list of EA preparers;
(ii) References used in study preparation;
(iii) A chronological record of interagency meetings and consultations with NGOs and effected
constituents;
(iv) Tables reporting relevant data discussed in the main text, and
(v) A list of associated reports such as resettlement plans or social assessments that were
prepared for the project.
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Attachment 1. Environmental Management Plan Format
Cost Institutional Responsibility Remarks
Phase Environmental impact Mitigating measure(s)
Install Operate Install Operate
Construction
Operation
Decomissioning
Sub-borrower: Signature: Date:
Attachment 2. Environmental Monitoring Plan Format
Where will When will Why is the Cost Institutional Responsibility
What parameter How will the
the the parameter
Phase is to be parameter be
monitored? parameter be parameter be being Install Operate Install Operate
monitored?
monitored? monitored? monitored?
Baseline
Construction
Operation
Decomissioning
Sub-borrower: Signature: Date:
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ANNEX 1. Recommended Structure for Pest Management Plan
PART 6
(Structure of Pest Management Plan)
1 Background which would outline
i) the purpose of the Plan,
ii) indicate pest management authorities, and
iii) pest management program objective;
2. Responsibilities of individuals (e.g., Program Director, Health Chair, Pest Management
Coordinator, Pest Management Personnel, etc.)
3. General Information which should provide data on land use and soil, in the area where the
pesticides are applied; climate, geo-morphology, settlements in the area of concern, population,
surface water, etc. as well as inventory of land use and layout of facilities
4. Priority of Pest Management (e.g., undesirable vegetation, vertebrate pests, etc.)
5. Integrated Pest Management
5.1 Principles of the Integrated Pest Management are:
a) Mechanical and Physical Control. This type of control alters the environment in which
a pest lives, traps and removes pests where they are not wanted, or excludes pests.
Examples of this type control include: harborage elimination through caulking or filling
voids, screening, etc.
b) Cultural Control. Strategies in this method involve manipulating environmental
conditions to suppress or eliminate pests. For example, spreading manure from stables
onto fields to dry prevents fly breeding. Elimination of food and water for pests through
good sanitary practices may prevent pest populations from becoming established or from
increasing beyond a certain size.
c) Biological Control. In this control strategy, predators, parasites or disease organisms
are used to control pest populations. Sterile flies may be released to lower reproductivity.
Viruses and bacteria may be used which control growth or otherwise kill insects.
Parasitic wasps may be introduced to kill eggs, larvae or other life stages. Biological
control may be effective in and of itself, but is often used in conjunction with other types
of control.
d) Chemical Control. Pesticides kill living organisms, whether they will be plants or
animals. At one time, chemicals were considered to be the most effective control
available, but pest resistance rendered many pesticides ineffective. The trend is to use
pesticides which have limited residual action. While this has reduced human exposure
and lessened environmental impact, the cost of chemical control has risen due to
requirements for more frequent application. Since personal protection and special
handling and storage requirements are necessary with the use of chemicals, the overall
cost of using chemicals as a sole means of control can be quite costly when compared
with nonchemical control methods.
5.2 Integrated Pest Management Outlines.
This sub-chapter addresses each major pest or category of similar pests is addressed, by site,
in separate outlines.
5.3 Annual Workload for Surveillance, Prevention, and Control.
In this sub-chapter has to be indicated the number of man-hours expended for surveillance,
prevention, and control of pests.
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6. Health and Safety. This chapter should contain health and safety requirements as follows:
6.1 Medical Surveillance of Pest Management Personnel. All personnel who apply pesticides
have to are included in a medical surveillance program.
6.2 Hazard Communication. Pest management personnel are given hazard communication
training, to include hazardous materials in his workplace. Additional training is to be given to
new employees or when new hazardous materials are introduced into the workplace.
6.3 Personal Protective Equipment.
In this chapter has to be described approved masks, respirators, chemical resistant gloves and
boots, and protective clothing (as specified by applicable laws, regulations and/or the
pesticide label) are provided to pesticide applicators. These items are used as required during
the mixing and application of pesticides. Pesticide-contaminated protective clothing is not be
laundered at home but commercially. Severely contaminated clothing is not laundered, but is
considered a pesticide-related waste and disposed, as applicable for hazardous waste.
6.4 Fire Protection. The fire safety protection requirements has to be established; the pest
management coordinator has to control implementation of measures to prevent fire.
7. Environmental Considerations.
7.1 Protection of the Public. Precautions are taken during pesticide application to protect the
public, on and off the installation. Pesticides should not be applied outdoors when the wind
speed exceeds 155 m/min. Whenever any pesticides are applied outdoors, care is taken to
make sure that any spray drift is kept away from individuals, including the applicator.
Pesticide application indoors is accomplished by individuals wearing the proper personal
protective clothing and equipment. At no time are personnel permitted in a treatment area
during pesticide application unless they have met the medical monitoring standards and are
appropriately protected.
7.2 Sensitive Areas. No pesticides are applied directly to wetlands or water areas (lakes,
rivers, etc.) unless use in such sites is specifically approved.
7.3 Endangered/Protected Species and Critical Habitats. Protected migratory birds which
periodically occur on the installation cannot be controlled without a permit. The Pest
Management Coordinator periodically evaluates ongoing pest control operations and
evaluates all new pest control operations to ensure compliance with the list of endangered
species. No pest management operations are conducted that are likely to have a negative
impact on endangered or protected species or their habitats without prior approval from
environmental authorities.
7.4 Environmental Documentation. An environmental assessment which specifically
addresses the pesticide use program on the installation has been prepared. This plan is
referenced in the assessment as documentation of pesticide use.
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ANNEX 2
ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORIES
World Bank Category A: (insert country equivalent category) A Category A project is likely to
have significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented.
These impacts may affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works,
can cause serious and irrevocable impact upon the environment or human health. The category A
subprojects will be not financed under the project
World Bank Category B: (insert country equivalent category): A Category B project has
potential adverse environmental impacts on human populations or environmentally important
areas - including wetlands, forests, grasslands, and other natural habitats - which are less adverse
than that of Category A projects. These impacts are site-specific; few if any of them are
irreversible; and in most cases mitigatory measures can be designed more readily than for
Category A projects. The scope of EIA for a Category B project may vary from project to
project, but it is narrower than that of a Category A assessment. Like Category A, a Category B
environmental assessment examines the projects potential negative and positive environmental
impacts and recommends any measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for
adverse impacts and improve environmental performance.
World Bank Category C: (insert country equivalent category): A Category C project is likely to
have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. Beyond screening, no further EIA action is
required. Category-C includes activities, the scope, location and content of which will not bring
about serious impact on the environment.
Category B sub-project EIA reports, are subject to post review by the Bank. The first two
category B subprojects for each country will be subject to prior review and then – post review.
It is important that the project management unit and the lending institution be able to identify
activities for which funding is being requested and which may fall into either of the World
Bank’s Category A or Category B. For the most recent information on environmental categories
see Website www.worldbank.org/environment
Sub-projects classified as Categories A, B or C include:
Category A Sub-Projects Category C Sub-Projects
Category B Sub-Projects (Category II or
(Category I in country (Category IV in country
III in country classification)
classification) classification)
Agriculture and Rangeland Agriculture and Rangeland (medium scale) Agriculture and Rangeland
(large scale) (small scale)
- Agriculture, horticulture, rangeland,
- Agriculture, horticulture,
- Agriculture, horticulture, vineyards and orchards (medium scale
rangeland, vineyards and
rangeland, vineyards and intensive operations 50-500 ha)1
orchards (small scale
orchards (medium scale - Re-cultivation of resting land (up to 1000
<50ha)
intensive operations >500 hectares);
- Forest plantation in
ha)17 - Utilization of agricultural land (30 to 50
degraded lands;
- Re-cultivation of resting hectares) for nonagricultural
- Small scale recultivation
land (greater than 1000 (commercial or industrial) purposes
(<100 ha);
hectares); - Utilization of virgin soils and unbroken
- Green fence plantation
- Utilization of agricultural expanses for intensive agriculture
around agricultural lands
17
There is no specific requirements for EA of agricultural, horticultural or orchard and vineyard activities under the local Law, so the HDP will
specify >50ha and less than 500 ha category B and <50ha as Category C.
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Category A Sub-Projects Category C Sub-Projects
Category B Sub-Projects (Category II or
(Category I in country (Category IV in country
III in country classification)
classification) classification)
land (over 50 hectares) for - Forest plantation in agricultural lands - Construction of
nonagricultural - Construction of buildings to store glasshouses and hotbeds
(commercial or industrial) agriculture goods and agricultural without water supply and
purposes products heating structures
- Construction/reconstruction of - Utilization of agricultural
warehouses for chemical pesticides and land (20 to 30 hectares) for
mineral fertilizers nonagricultural purposes in
developed areas
- Acquisition of tractors and
other farm equipment
- Integrated pest
Irrigation (medium scale) management
Irrigation (large scale) - Purchase of drought-
- Watershed projects (management or tolerant seeds
- River basin development; rehabilitation);
- Thermal and hydropower - Rehabilitation, maintenance, and Irrigation (small scale)
development; upgrading projects (small-scale); -drip and plastic tube
irrigation (small scale)
-irrigation scheduling
Off-grid energy (large scale) -alternate furrow irrigation
Off-grid energy (large scale) Off-grid energy (small
- Micro-hydro schemes scale)
-small scale micro-hydro
Participatory Forestry rehabilitation
Participatory Forestry
- Medium scale (over 500 ha); - Small scale (less than 500
ha) and in degraded
- Forestry in undeveloped lands agricultural lands
Other Considerations
- Activities located in
protected areas and other
nationally recognized
sensitive and wetlands
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ANNEX 3
Terms of Reference for the NCU Environmental Safeguard Specialist
A) Responsibilities
The Environmental Safeguard Specialist (ESS) will be responsible for ensuring investments’ EA
and environmental monitoring of the Project interventions and its impacts. The ESS will be in
charge of overall coordination and reporting on the EMP, inspection of environmental
compliance at worksites, advising project participants on environmental questions, coordination
the overall environmental monitoring at project level, and coordination of the IPM extension
program. The specialist will be responsible for periodically collecting information on changes
and impact of the project activities. The ESS will set monitoring indicators for the periodical
study of environmental impacts of the project activities. Project related study documents,
including EMF, and others will be the main frame works for the specialist to operate. ESS will
ensure that the information gathered is provided to the Project Manager and relevant component
coordinators so that they will be able to properly assess project implementation and make
suitable adjustments to implementation plans (should that be necessary). This information and
the findings from it are a powerful management tool to be used on a continual basis during
implementation and therefore it is important that the ESS receives suitable and continuous
support from the NCU management. Detailed responsibilities of the Environmental specialist in
relation to NCU are listed below (but not limited to this list):
Liaising with the participating banks and the State Ecological Expertise body in review and
approval of projects that pose a high environmental risk
Guiding the participating banks, NCU and other relevant project staffs in the areas of investment
sub-projects environment requirements and review and approval procedures and providing
training as appropriate.
Guiding and informing investees of environmental safeguard requirements, review and approval
and monitoring requirements, and providing training and manuals, as appropriate to ensure that
investees are adequately aware and equipped to meet the environmental safeguard requirements
Providing training and technical guidance on safe pesticide use, application, storage, disposal
and transport and on options for IPM, including recruitment of technical expertise to provide
training and extension services
Provide quarterly report to the Project Manager on project progress and effectiveness of the
measures for environmental management.
Guiding the staff of NCU in preparation of bidding documents to ensure environmental
compliance
Act as the communication point between the national and international authorities and
organizations involved in the Environment and Nature Protection.
Actively participate in IDA supervision missions.
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B) Reporting
The ESS will report directly to the Manager/NCU. The ESS will be responsible to implement the
monitoring plan. ESS will prepare and submit concise quarterly reports to the attention of the
NCU on the most important issues related to the investment EMP. The format of the report will
be prepared by the ESS and approved by the Manager/NCU.
C) Qualifications and Experience
The Environmental Safeguard Specialist should have:
i) A university degree in the area of ecology, environment and nature protection, industrial
engineering and/or similar.
ii) At least 3 years’ experience of working in the area of monitoring, environment and nature
protection and/or similar.
iii) Broad experience in monitoring environmental impacts, national environmental standards
and requirements for nature, human health and general safeguard policies and standards.
iv) Understanding of international environmental standards, including World Banks safeguard
policies and requirements.
v) Experience in interacting with Government agencies, international agencies, national and local
administrations.
vi) Good written and communication skills. Knowledge of English is preferable.
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