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J.E 5M. ~~- ~~~- ~*~· B*· ? GDP Grossdomesticproduct 00~1::f",~.lft ~~.m~. lJfg§"~. •~. ~~3f. g§" GNP Grossnationalproduct (,!11~1::{"',~1ft ~3f.~~. ~±. ±~~- !tfoo'f!l•oo G-7 GwupofSeven -too•m. •.m~M:IJn~ PPP Purchasing power parity ~~h:lfift *· ~~. •oo. ~*~· B*· !tfOO'fll. 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Adelman, Ramesh Chander, Charles Kindleberger, Hirschi nan, Paul Isenman, Pierre Landeli-Mills, Angus Maddison, Douglass North, Jeffrey Enriqu'~ Lerdau, Paul Meo, Costas Michalopolous, Williamson, John Williamson ® Shahid Yusuf. Paul John Nash, Arvind Panagariya, Anandarup Ray, Armington, Norman Hicks, ;j' Robert E. Lucas, Joanne Salop, Ibrahim Shihata, Andrei Shleifer, Desmond McCarthy, Vikram Nehru, Chukwuma Ernest Stern, Paul Streeten ® Oktay Yenal 13*ttlilr Obidegwu, Hans Singer ® Mark Sundberg ~ ~ Dtr a9 1/!fltT *:lt'~~:tW... l'l!l~:Wffli§.!i.l~Zm~ (IMF) I ~~~~I?(Jit.l'l!l~~~~-~®~~~~~-~~* ~Am*~~$A.±. tttm.•ffm~m~~. ~*$ ~M&it./JW~~H·fltT~A~ttn-. 1.2 ~. ~l®ffi •. a•®W~~~'i1t·--~®~~ '31 Jij T Katsenelinboigen 1990 1f:., Nove 19891f:.~lit. 1.t Jl ~ I;'G ~ tlf $ A ± , «1990 1f:. tl!: m.1.t Jl ttl ft ». IMF ®:it·~~ 1990 1f:.a9UM. 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David Dollar .f#i~ 199o 1f':f1l mm- J!j:g§.~ 1991 ~ 3.6 u 11 n U o ':k 5.1 '31 § ~ Mona Haddad :fj] Brian Aitken~ OECDI980-1989 c¥, Lockheed :fj] Verspoor (e(J¥f .1.11:JTlf-¥~tJfi¥J=:.{?tAoiJIJljlf~1Ji!f. !~ 5.1 tu 5.2 r:p ili!l/1) fl:l «1990 c¥t!t:W:t:li1!Hf~i'r» ag~~J\I~Iitll. ill: f~Jflli"J.*tll.!.iifij·~:J.Wiit David McMurray J\1** #.ffAD:fflAhW.~i¥JADitfM.~Tff'ft:.~ ~~llftOO 5.5a :ffl 5.5b U Ron Duncan.#!;(!'') J! 1: fl:l AD i¥J-.@ ~ ~. Jere Behrman, Fred ~-~i«tiii, 11Bif~:i:3>~f}~-f#iT Michele Golladay, Ravi Kanbur, Douglas H. Keare, Kye De Nevers, Ashoka Mody :fj] Lant Pritchett • {..itT jc S;(l{J~.!J;l,, Woo Lee :ffl William McGreevey m,1#;T rtz{I(Jt:U't. ~41: IJfiT~*x•. ill:W.fiMi!f. *~ Jfl{f;j•~m~~ill:Wmfi. rnF:ffl~*• *fi~*W~~tuoo~~-0~i¥J~~w~•~u~ *'L Jcr~~&MH~-l1i¥J:~a:rr-rzgl r:l*1i11J.::.5t ~BX#. ~lil*fftu!E~~-0~-M~~~~ft ~t5:11fll&~. N~:fflKW!:Ji!!Ki'r''li!!J51J1Yf9i:~~. :i±'31 ${f;J~~~~i¥J~~*•· :tEtt*ff~~~w. ~* ~ Corden 1991 if Ef{J ~ *'!-, it.~ 6. 1 ij I ~ Goldstein ::& \11:. i¥J ii .± W: 1& '3 I ~ Schiff :fj] Valdes ( tlP ;(%· l±l :ffl Montiel1986 &ftum.3lf.•1i4tc¥~*'L 6.2 .¥ f" Rodrik 1989 c¥. t!t:Wmh I990a ~:!.&Webb :fj] 166 Shariff 1990 1F~~t-L 1Zt 6.3 '31 § Kawasaki 1990 *'1-; 1Zt 7.6 ~I} Jack Hamilton ~.1=-ftEJ,QX.; 1f. 5fll Horioka 1990 1F ~ ~ *4 , 'tt f~ 6. 4 ~ 7.7 !JlU~ Fischer 5fll Gelb (RP~Ifl)\&), Hinds 1990 1f Cuddin.~ton 19861¥-, Dooley 19861f.~.& Edwards ;fll Kornai 1990 -lf;jf-ft1g£li:fl. 1Ztl!f;t007.7 £ f * ;fll Tabdini 19891f.~~f:..j.1g£.JitL 6.5 ~ van 1'JOOJ.Jugi:m:~+±~±5(g£m:~~ Alan Gelb ;fll Cheryl Wijnbe1 gen 1990 1f ~ ~ *4 1g .ffl!. Wi , Edgardo Gray 1¥1.1=-ft. *:!'ir~~~7 Robert Bates, Jessica P. Barandiaran, Max Corden, Wafik Grais, Ejaz Ghani Einborn, Gerald Pohl, Geoffrey Lamb ;fll Mary 5fll Kazi Matin 1gJltfJi'£ 7i"F$lti5C Shirley I;I;J~tf£1!1~~!\!.. ~ 7 ~8:t" :*:f:~:J~hl'#.JJIL¢,\ --;JI¥1 ~t..J.-*l1J.-E1ttf Bhagwati *jJr'.JI ~~ !l~~~*xl~V: . .ill'.JH~~fll*{iJ*J$ 1989-1¥. Chipman 1991:¥, t!t~'t!Hr1990d, <0990 Y.{"t. :•~f~m:tn~.Nlf~~-1J~Wi Taylor 5fll Jodice -lfttt~~-~:tlH~r» ~.&rtl Pearce !.'HJ!;~~:J:X{"t. -* 1983 if , Ohkawa 5fll Rosovsky 1973 -1¥ , Eckaus ffi~*~fltl~J.l1J1il'#.l-1J~t!t~f&1T 1989a, Brimble 1986 if, Finger 1990 , Roubini 5fll Sachs 1989 ;fll Dahlman 1990 -1¥, Kalter ;fll Khor 1990 1f ~ .& t!t elf, O'J )onnell 1988 1JO, 1F, Londregan Bates 1981 ~ tt& 1T I*J $ X {tf: ·'};] ~ li:fJ • Kemal Dervis, Harinder ;f!l Pool~ 1989 1f. Hoff 5fll Stiglitz 1990 1F, Krueger Kohli, Danny Leipziger, Rachel McCulloch, Joan 1990 if~ 1ft. Wolf 1987 1F ~ ~ ~ *'1- 1¥ ,QX., Lant Nelson 5fll Danny Rodrik fJi'£1*7 I*J~VF#i!l~~!\!.. Pritchet. if )J * 11 1t 7 :fl f1l iii ~ :N liV: , Klitgaard 'N'~f/!*!1- l9881f. ?{]Xi,'(Jj!:f'f*IYfiJ&-1J~:±~~fl*l1J,, * f Adelman, Irma. "Long-Term Economic Develop- ~; 3:': i'i '31 I~ Nunberg 1990 1F, Weede 1983 1F, ment." Lipset, Seong :fil Torres 1991 -1¥ ~ & Grier 5fll Austin, Gareth. "Government Intervention, Political Tullock 1989 1f ir~ ~ t..J. , * f fJt f1iJ 1J ]Jllj ~ Hicks Systems, and Economic Performance in Sub- 1969 -1¥. M11tthews 1986 Nellis 1989 :¥, North Saharan Africa: A Historical Perspective." 1991 tv;, Hagen 1962 1f., Perkins 1967 -1¥, Blinder Balassa, Bela. "Trends in Developing Country Ex- ports, 1963-88." 1990 Aoki 1990 -lf, Friedman 1988 -1¥~.& Sup- Bhalla, Surjit. and Indermit Gill. "Social Expenditure ple 1971 l'f_ .1=1to1g£li:fl. *f*i1:.:0>f~ Policies and Welfare Achievement in Developing H omi K l1am f:J:Hi.IJ r !tQ 1it ~ , {tltil~ ;li! Wt 7. 5 ~ *1!9 Countries." Bhalla, Surjit, and Lawrence J. Lau. 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fl't.il 5'l' _____________ 645 -422 105 __:____ ..::..:: 758 _:__ -424 104 ____ _______ _______ _::__ -134 333 -496 _::__ 1,350 13 1.596 318 472 1,470 5,776 --.::__ 4.585 ___ 8.9 .::___ 3.1 99 ~~ ~j)f' -23 -23 2,731 iii&A~'*'·i&)l.lllitl 19,468 t 204,186 t 3.2 w Jltii!HH:J.ifl~~ilt! 2,028 t 9,707 t 2.4 w JiJi<~:1t ~F 6,581 t 65,836 t 3.3 w t!i:TI!ilt!~IJPfJ:..:.::tt;.:;,ll...,~"--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - : 5 : ' - : , 4 6 4 : - : : - - t_ _-:44=-",062::-:::-_t----:3.3-:::--w- afJ!!II 5,510 t 47,950, 2.1 w ili&AIIII1 (Ill&) 75,667 t 858,580 t 3.1 w OECDJ\tfi!iil 72,921 t 801,066 t 3.1 Ill tXIt!! 2,746 t 57,515 t 4.0 Ill 100 tt:H~I"1-til1rl 71 -6,774 !52 -4,275 -183 -6,158 670 18,590 7.6 101 §:;IF~': -198 517 -228 -1,153 .. 698 4,201 2.0 102 ifflW.~f 79 -10,934 79 -12,378 469 1,425 1,851 47,770 6.5 103 tt;tf5vu -562 1,148 -766 -2,162 452 5,684 3.3 104 twill: 225 225 105 ttfi;IJp lit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -572 2,338 -585 2.407 1,012 20,345 4.3 106 tfijffl><, -232 -2,039 -222 -1.999 16 300 258 3.027 2.5 107 ~* !•Jj]f -777 -16,181 -682 -16,005 1,709 16,961 3.0 108 11!;~ 1,985 -31,159 2,393 -24,227 2.918 42,381 1.5 109 :i* ~1] ________ _____ 800 __ -_10~,_63_2_____1~,09 6 _____ -7,094 446 1,227 5,547 73,455 5.1 110 f.'f~ -588 6,962 -617 8,105 -49 -72 3,362 34,129 3.0 Ill tfhli:Jij' 853" 9,323 853" 9,534 -1,287 209 4,120 4.6 112 U:.fiJl'J' 717 3,197 904 4,962 38 -213 2.963 23,059 1.8 113 ~ffMIJ -75 -94 -73 -22 -7 293 1,806 16,882 3.6 114 ft;~ -204 -4,299 18 1,420 -641 -1,782 5,199 57,434 2.6 us 116 tP.mi~!lliiH !JP1t;\;: *[iij90" 1,008 2, 700 -14,091 100" 960 2,800 -13,722 4,733 4,776 22,512 1.7 117 1!!,\~ 852 55,477 1,899 67,721 -1,366 -3,992 13,879 98,877 3.4 118 fj--jt -544 -1,414 -510 -1,192 488 7,054 1.9 119 ~[iij 2,330 -110,060 4,680 -96,630 -650 -1.050 15,237 168.584 2.9 120 Jll!!lll -265 -5,179 -160 -3,922 28 775 11,993 2.1 121 ;f~ -240 -5,128 -233 -4,663 455 5,914 2.1 -~ 122 123 124 Fl* lli!± -242 1,990 161 226 56,990 8,495 -200 2,170 203 I ,007 60,280 8,511 -313 -23 -1,549 813 4,876 5,317 14.260 93,673 58,510 4.3 5.8 8.9 Xlt!!llil< t£1!tW- 95,135 t 1,062,766 t 3.1 w ~~~0~(~~~~~~~~~)_______________________________________________..::..4~,7~50~t~--~46~,7~~~~------~4=.S~w~ a. 1!tW4lh~tl, b. ~jj!f,5~ji, 239 * 19. 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Db 1985 19815 1987 1988 1989 7i7iJ:Jt 101 'i:~~ 0 0 8 30 39 62 51 57 49 106 Wil!!i~ 14 66 72 54 75 87 104 87 107 i!t!:kfim 119 212 552 667 749 752 627 1,101 1,020 108 ~llil 472 500 904 1,854 1,530 1,737 1,871 2,645 2,587 109 ;@;:kfiJ 60 147 182 683 1,098 2,404 2,615 3,193 3,613 110 jllj~ 70 196 608 1,630 1,136 1,740 2,094 2,231 2,094 112 ltf1JII1 102 120 378 595 440 547 687 601 703 113 ~Jl!!.fiJ 10 II 79 178 248 198 201 301 283 114 ~llil 752 971 2,093 4,162 3,995 5,105 6,525 6,865 7,450 116 JJnt::k 96 337 880 1,075 1,631 1,695 1,885 2,347 2,320 117 ~llil 456 599 1,689 3,567 2,942 3,832 4,391 4,731 4,949 118 :f't&: 13 59 205 481 440 695 859 922 937 119 ~llil 4,023 3,153 4,161 7,138 9,403 9,564 9,115 10,141 7,676 120 J'l\ljl1f 38 117 566 962 840 1,090 1,375 1,534 1,799 121 ~~ 2 7 48 110 211 313 433 608 706 122 !JJB.t II 37 184 486 574 798 890 985 917 123 124 B* 244 12 458 30 1,148 104 3,353 253 3,797 5,634 422 7,342 9,134 8,949 J'lll± 302 547 617 558 ,(,].tt 6,480 6,968 13,855 27,296 29,429 36,663 41,595 48,114 46,697 .5-t1i.llh ~GNPIJ9117ftl:. 101 'i:~~ 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.16 0.24 0.28 0.19 0.20 0.17 106 ~J!!i~ 0.23 0.52 0.33 0.25 0.30 0.26 0.27 0.22 107 il.:kfiJ.\W 0.53 0.59 0.65 0.48 0.48 0.47 0.34 0.46 0.38 108 ~!!!l 0.47 0.41 0.39 0.35 0.33 0.31 0.28 0.32 0.31 109 :ll!::k'fiJ 0.10 0.16 0.11 0.15 0.26 0.40 0.35 0.39 0.42 110 f,lj~ 0.36 0.61 0.75 0.97 0.91 1.01 0.98 0.98 0.94 112 tt.'f1Jil1 0.60 0.46 0.59 0.50 0.55 0.48 0.48 0.39 0.46 II~ ~Jl!!.f!J 0.11 0.07 0.21 0.23 0.38 0.21 0.17 0.24 0.23 114 1*00 0.76 0.66 0.62 0.63 0.78 0.70 0.74 0.72 0.78 116 IJUt::k 0.19 0.41 0.54 0.43 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.50 0.44 117 ~!!!l 0.40 0.32 0.40 0.44 0.47 0.43 0.39 0.39 0.41 118 :f't&: 0.13 0.38 0.58 0.74 0.80 0.89 0.88 0.89 0.94 119 ~!!!l 0.58 0.32 0.27 0.27 0.24 0.23 0.20 0.21 0.15 120 l'l\l~ 0.19 0.38 0.82 0.78 0.86 0.85 0.88 0.86 0.97 121 ~~ 0.02 0.06 0.18 0.22 0.40 0.45 0.49 0.59 0.63 122 !JJB.t 0.16 0.32 0.66 0.87 1.01 1.17 1.09 1.13 1.04 123 82$: 0.27 0.23 0.23 0.32 0.29 0.29 0.31 0.32 0.32 124 l'l\l± 0.09 0.15 0.19 0.24 0.31 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.30 '*-OO'ltip 101 'i;~~Cj=iJ)~> 0 0 4 15 37 46 34 37 35 106 Wi'J!!i~ Ci=iJJ*JiJ!!i~j[;l 13 55 74 109 143 146 158 145 107 il:kfiJ~ca.JJi!t!:iC> 106 189 402 591 966 1,121 895 1,404 1,287 108 ~!jij(f'fJJ~~) 169 208 409 798 1,180 1,194 1,142 1,485 1,578 109 iJ::kfiJ 00 1Z:.!J!t;L) 38 92 119 585 2,097 3,578 3,389 4,156 4,954 110 frlr~ 253 710 1,538 3,241 3,773 4,263 4,242 4,400 4,436 ll2 l:t'fiJP;j'( i=iJJ l:tfiJP'ft~f!~) 5,100 6,000 13,902 17,399 26,145 24,525 25,648 21,949 27,677 113 ~i11!1'1H s.JJ~i11!:f!JJt4-> 260 286 1,376 2,303 5,132 3,023 2,541 3,717 3,743 114 l*!!!lCi=iJJI*~> 3,713 5,393 8,971 17,589 35,894 35,357 39,218 40,814 47,482 116 lln1t:k 104 353 895 1,257 2,227 2,354 2,500 2,888 2,747 117 ~oo 197 605 2,350 4,069 7,226 7,765 8,718 9,742 11,599 121 ~~ 6 29 177 414 1,308 1.587 1,902 2,550 3,026 122 liB.t 79 264 962 2,400 4,946 5,901 5,998 6,412 6,329 123 a *no 1z:. a j[;) 88 165 34! 760 749 950 1,062 1,169 1,232 124 Jilll± 6.5 7.0 13.9 27.3 29.4 36.7 41.6 48.1 46.7 'B:1J;!<:IlUI!VJ 0987 &f:ffi'*4il 27.4 24.7 29.1 36.6 39.3 41.2 41.6 44.8 43.6 GNP<~&f:ffi'*4i> 1,350.3 2,040.0 3,959.3 7,393.5 8,490.0 10,387.0 12,050.0 13,480.0 13,950.0 sint 'B:1J£!lil!li:Wl ~GNDt¥H~Ii 0.48 0.34 0.35 0.37 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.36 0.33 -tiS~ (1987 = }()()) GDP-!11Hifttc 23.66 28.24 47.65 74.62 74.92 89.06 100.00 107.36 106.99 240 OECD, ~if£lf!c.A.l!littfl.l~i111ltidJ;ftlfi' 1965 1970 1975 /980 /984 /985 /986 /987 1988 /989 ,~.; tii»h L¥1 GNP al 0.56 0.30 0.31 0.24 0.20 0.23 0.20 0.14 0.10 0.14 113 J!:ll!!lll 0.06 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.04 -0.04 0.05 114 fi~ 0.12 0.09 0.10 0.08 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.15 116 Jm:t:7: 0.10 0.22 0.24 0.11 0.15 0.15 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.08 -~ 117 0.14 0.10 0.12 0.08 0.11 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 118 fl~ 0.02 0.10 0.20 0.28 0.28 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.36 0.40 119 jt!~ 0.26 0.14 0.08 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.02 120 Jill!~ 0.07 0.12 0.41 0.36 0.30 0.31 0.38 0.29 0.31 0.29 121 ~~ 0.06 0.08 0.13 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.23 0.22 122 a at 0.04 0.12 0.25 0.31 0.34 0.40 0.47 0.38 0.42 0.40 123 124 fl* Jill!± 0.13 0.02 0.11 0.05 0.08 0.10 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.12 0.09 0.12 0.10 0.12 0.07 0.10 0.07 0.10 0.06 0.11 .~tt 0.20 0.13 0.11 O.o? O.o7 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 ·--·- OPEC, ~-i}:llf[~$·· /976 1980 /982 11183 /984 1985 /986 1987 i988 /989 ·--·--··-· .,- 7i ¥.it 13 JB filii~ 80 35 .58 35 51 45 52 30 14 -F !If%,, 180 277 139 20 10 8 18 0 4 I 78 II"J~,,il:~Jil£ II 81 129 37 52 54 114 39 13 41 83 I?JI;]Jillt!J. 109 135 125 142 90 32 85 24 49 90 fpftllfJtllli~~lll~ 751 -72 -193 10 52 -72 69 -10 39 96 ;f!J lt!Y- 98 376 44 144 24 57 68 63 129 82 98 fpt!J.JI.: 123 864 52 -10 -22 -32 -21 -37 -28 37 100 f:Ptttlli'Jtll.fa 2,791 5,682 3,854 3,259 3,194 2,630 3,517 2,888 2,098 1,171 Ill ~lltf.f 706 1,140 1,161 997 1,020 771 715 316 108 169 115 I!Pftll.111l!Kitl:! ~Iii! 1,028 1,118 406 351 88 122 87 15 -17 25 OPEC,!i.tt 5,877 9,636 5,775 4,985 4,559 3,615 4,704 3,328 2,409 OAPEC.!i1.lt 4,937 9,538 5,785 4,798 4,366 3,610 4,498 3,284 2,307 b ~~JI)J L¥1 GNP BiJ Ill~..._ )1:. 13 !Bfi~J~ 0.19 0.04 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.11 0.13 0.03 -Fllf~r. 7.35 4.16 2.13 0.40 0.18 0.15 0.47 0.00 0.08 78 Jo1$:&t.'l~ 0.07 0.20 0.31 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.19 0.06 0.02 83 li~lliltll. 0.35 0.23 0.19 0.22 0.16 0.00 0.08 0.02 0.04 90 ijtftljfJlllli~:lllll~ 1.16 -0.08 -0.15 0.01 0.03 -0.04 0.04 -0.01 0.02 96 ll.llt~ 0.66 1.16 0.15 0.51 0.10 0.24 0.34 0.25 0.52 98 ijtt!J.JI.: 0.76 2.36 0.13 -0.02 -0.05 -0.07 -0.05 -0.08 -0.05 100 f:P!lijt'§fif£1 5.95 4.87 2.50 2.69 3~20 2.98 4.67 3.88 2.70 1.46 Ill ~at~ 4.82 3.52 4.34 3.83 3.95 3.17 2.91 1.23 0.41 0.54 115 I!Pfttlal!Kit~J ~m~ 8.95 4.06 2.22 1.26 0.32 0.45 0.41 O.o7 -0.07 0.10 OPECA;1.tt 2.32 1.85 0.96 0.82 0.76 0.61 0.95 0.63 0.45 OAPECA;1.it' 4.23 3.22 1.81 1.70 1.60 1.39 1.80 1.10 0.86 a. !'&mil'tF:&:Jf;;ttll.tJ'!, b, 'iJJ~{;Ii}t~o c. !i!.tt.f;lifl!. d. ::t:i'illlltiJ:lmli:lltJ'!. e. Mfifa::t:i'illllliH!Jmli:lltJ'!. ·--·-- 241 tlt~rr~Tt:Ifa 44 36 29 31 22 19 16 1.1 0.0 101 ~~.~~ 102 j!ljJJlf 103 tb(~il] 1,345 1.256 1.978 1,937 1,251 1.241 1,192 264.4 2.6 104 tli'ilt 9 14 20 18 19 22 23 4.0 0.0 ---- 105 twt:UnJ&: 15 41 24 29 23 22 95 35.4 0.3 106 Wfj!lj ,, 107 !I Jc '''l '111: 108 :IJtOO 109 .!l!:x'''_l_____ 110 tli~ Ill H4Ji!ll:~;r 5 4 4 5 3 6 4 2.0 0.0 112 ~~ftJM 113 !I\!:Ji!2.ilj 114 ti:IN 115 ti!"TitL11111lHl'Jli 4 4 34 115 -12 -6 -3.9 0.0 116 110$: ~~ 117 11.\00 118 ft~ 119 1!00 120 Jlli~ 121 j}:?, 122 tllf,Ji!\l: 123 fllji: 124 Jlll± ---·-- X it!! IIi: t t t :ltt!!:f# 32,614 t 34,932 t 37,282 t 34,419 t 8.7 II' 1.1 II' :Cill!lf!OII(::ffHUS:n) 847 t 966t 692 t 881 t 3.311' 0.2"' ---·--- --·-- ---· ----·---·--·-----·----·--------------~----~-----~---·------ --~--·------·· ------ -- -··~-·· 243 1i!UIIl-1Jl* X>f*iJ!*.~St (j'f]j~j[;) ( l'f ]J ~j[;) 1970 1989 1970 1989 I 3,885 245 0 56 551 4,737 2 169 2,876 0 0 0 30 107 3,013 3 250 4,505 15 13 0 129 272 4,918 4 77 1,814 0 0 0 150 173 2,137 5 15 9,926 0 0 0 719 68 10,712 6 ~ l'itA t\HI;: E::ltlflll!l 8 939 0 0 0 8 2 949 7 ~t.!L!t 122 1,242 0 4 0 101 48 1,394 8 fiWl)f; 3 1.290 0 0 0 52 18 1,359 9 lpj# 33 317 0 0 3 24 28 368 10 :/Jll\lii!l! 7 810 0 0 8 40 17 867 II IHMIJ/'1. 59 512 0 0 0 105 440 1,057 12 ~lii1JilJtli1JU 89 3,345 0 0 0 165 97 3,607 13 JiHl frJ>IE 452 31,668 115 406 0 0 759 32,832 14 .Q,'flii 138 1,489 0 0 0 225 95 1,809 15 tL#l~ 311 7,571 0 0 0 628 643 8,843 16 ~!!!. 238 2,055 0 0 9 55 46 2,157 17 le13~ 32 1,127 0 259 0 85 108 1,578 18 1fi!JI;~I!:&' 21 685 0 0 0 I 71 756 19 Pllflii 2 606 0 0 3 I 45 652 20 L'Pl!t 7,838 54,776 100 1,478 0 1,566 4,689 62,509 21 rpi!!J 37,043 0 0 0 908 6,907 44,857 22 llltll!! 40 684 0 0 3 41 77 802 23 iii Je>IE 319 4,001 88 632 0 415 641 5,690 24 E'.Jli;Jtfi:l!l. 3,064 14,669 5 138 45 933 2,770 18,509 25 mr 41 1,046 0 0 0 10 121 1,177 26 rp 4~::Jt;fn 1!!1 24 642 0 0 0 35 38 716 27 :IJU~ 488 2,279 10 33 46 737 29 3,078 28 ¥1& 40 946 0 0 0 75 164 1,186 29 'fttt'IE 624 4,095 30 0 0 900 1,879 6,874 30 JLM'IE 312 1,967 0 0 3 61 148 2,176 31 Jtli!!!.~-F 317 4,238 0 103 79 366 394 5,101 32 ;Jj!:j;-f£ 8 312 0 0 0 10 2 324 33 L'P Jr Je lffi >IE 2.497 40,851 461 4,626 139 608 7,026 53,111 34 ::fj!J!.J:l'i!E.ill': 27 1,m 0 0 0 69 165 2,010 35 i!aTiirW 36 ;(>;It' 77 0 0 0 0 2 79 37 tl::l:Jill:tm•· 38 frj tt!!!.'IE' 158 1,091 0 0 4 299 371 1,761 39 !iU!r 106 4,045 0 0 17 2 124 4,171 40 $W 298 8,261 0 496 31 884 3,324 12,965 41 ~m· rp 3iJ!!:AIUWI! 18:) 1'rf!3iJ!!:AI'ill~ 42 .. 43 480 3,605 II 200 6 252 302 4,359 44 1,781 39,751 0 1,081 49 161 7,806 48,799 45 102 3,508 31 33 0 316 282 4,139 46 4,775 0 0 0 I 909 5,685 47 229 2,568 0 68 0 29 423 3,088 48 625 22,992 919 783 69 1,177 3,951 28,902 49 256 8,156 II 4,071 0 370 2,816 15.412 50 212 3,281 141 105 7 123 558 4,066 51 712 19,507 15 200 28 850 294 20,851 52 E'.:ftr i!EWT JL M'IE 36 1,370 173 958 0 3 165 2,496 53 #UllfiiJtli 90 2,823 19 84 0 35 407 3,350 54 :fitll!!~fii 106 2.089 ·14 110 0 73 330 2,601 55 I lilt - llllfttt ~:.l-~l!ilt *!11 IW!E Jll:iiH. 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65 9 62 23 2,254 2,878 95 lfi!Hl 23.790 1,700 6,420 390 60 14 191 36 96 ;f!JitiJE 3.860 690 850 76 5 138 77 1,803 97 '!\Till\' 710 350 600 450 6 34 II 3,045 -----·------------------------------------------------------------------------~--- 98 fttr.L£' 5,000 1,740 2,910 1,660 50 9 119 67 2,150 2,%2 99 '!l'~JEil[' 760 570 400 99 6 44 27 2,988 3,357 iliii!I:.A~r:j:l;lfJll.AIIilt 8,150 w 4,990 w 5,010 w 1,880 w 117... 65 w 2,122 w 2,468 w ~~~~~:J.ii~t:illl 33,200 w 26,640 w 5,410 w 2,170 w 157 w 107 w 2,034 w 2,011 w :!~%'Ji"ltlftl 9,400 740 6,060 340 18 6 148 67 101 it))\~ 950 680 170 140 4 25 8 102 iffi.llf)f 800 320 1,220 260 % 38 8 103 t!U ~9'tl 400 350 300 110 99 7 27 10 104 tw~ ·----·---------~~----~~----~~.2~s~o____~1~~~--------------~4____~2_7____~7--~~--~~-- I05 tflfbP:l!t 1,900 1,310 600 100 7 26 8 2,286 2,892 106 flf].llj~ 820 580 570 80 99 5 20 10 3.266 3,459 107 ~.:k.fil'IE 720 440 150 110 99 6 19 8 3,015 3,322 108 ~00 870 200 98 7 20 9 3,350 3,252 109 ~.:kf!J 1,850 230 790 7 36 9 3,104 3,566 110 m~ 860 4so 210 4 14 1 3,090 3.354 Ill tfJ.f/ktif\J 790 640 270 200 99 7 64 15 2,7% 3,132 112 ~t.fiJat 700 330 590 100 5 24 9 113 ~Ji!!fiJ 720 390 350 180 6 28 8 3,239 3,478 114 7*00 830 320 380 5 22 7 3,218 3,310 115 tl!iift>Lttlrocif~i ~-oo-"----------1:-.o-:2-::-o--------3-:9-o----:%-:----------~o-:3-----24---------=-=- 116 1Jil** 770 510 190 99 6 24 7 117 illlil 640 380 500 230 5 24 8 118 ;l'};t 740 400 190 60 '" 6 19 8 119 *llil 670 470 310 70 100 7 25 10 120 llil~ 910 390 310 100 4 13 6 2,880 121 3}:~ 1,300 440 180 60 4 !7 6 3,125 122 jiJIIJkt 790 450 340 60 100 4 17 8 3,036 123 s * 124 Jl£1± 970 710 660 700 410 270 180 100 5 5 18 18 4 7 2,679 3,504 -----·-- :Jtlt!!~ll: 510 w 530 w 300 w 290 w 30 w 24 w 3,129 w 3,358 w :i:t!l:W. --- ---··----=-----------=--------------=-=------------~-_;;;_ 6,060 w 4,200 w 3,720 w ),630 w 92 w _ __;:.:_;;;;;;.;_;__;;;_;:::::_::_::_ 54 w 2,390 w 2,669 w :fiillillliJ~(::f'f!!i!~ll) 16,870 w 4,490 w 5,450 w 900 w 149 w 86 w 2,1)4 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103 w 105 w 103 w 100 w 7t) w 98 w 77 w 110 w 211 w 23 w 116 w 12 w 10 w ~11tfP. 85 w 104 w 74 w 911 w 31c-w-~54~w-~Zil=-w-~46c-w-~ll w -1:-:6:-w-~84~w~-c-91-w--33-w-26 w :QiJ!IItHJ II (;r:f!! li="M::::oll"';'-,_ _SO:::_::__cw_:___87_::_:_cw_:__--=.37_w___,--=-81_:w_:___:__lc:..l_:w__ _ _::34~w 40_:__w_ _:__7~w _ _:__1:...:w_:___1:.::l:...:w_:__......:c73_:w_:__;:::.88:_w:.:__--=3=-3.::.w_..=2.:..1.::.W 261 * 30. ~A~~~~~~~~§~GDP~~#M l;l!ljij;lt~~ f-l ~.A:H}GDP1;5'ittt• .oo«Hmjij; •••A~U*~&& ••••ma•*••*" (~1;!!1=100) Jt]G JB:fl!;~ 1!L1- ~=-1- ml!'l-t fit,lllj~ !iJ:Iili!ilJ 1985 /989 /989 4' 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 10% flil!!iA.m~ ll!li!Elllf Xf1!!fli~&Ama I ~~~% .. . . .. 2 ~~iltlt.i!E 1.6 1.6 330 3 :I!!~JE:..i!E 2.6 2.3 490 4 ~·~!!! . ' .. .. 5 ~1mtrroo 5.0 4.7 960 1985-86' 10.0 13.7 17.2 21.9 37.2 23.2 6 .. 7 3.6 3.2 660 8 9 10 11 3.0 2.6 540 12 3.9 3.4 700 13 7.2 6.2 1,290 14 15 16 2.4 2.5 520 17 18 19 3.8 3.0 620 . . .. 20 4.5 4.7 980 1983' 8.1 12.3 16.3 22.0 41.4 26.7 21 22 .. 23 5.3 5.2 1,070 '. 24 8.1 8.2 1,700 1984-85d 7.8 11.2 15.0 20.6 45.6 31.1 25 6.5 5.0 1,040 26 .' '. 27 1987-88" 6.5 10.9 15.7 22.3 44.6 29.1 28 .. 29 4.7 4.3 900 30 31 11.2 10.5 2,160 1985-86< 4.8' 8.5 12.1 18.4 56.1 43.0 32 .. 33 1987' 8.8 12.4 16.0 21.5 41.3 26.5 34 35 36 37 38 39 40" 41 ~i&Ail!litWI!!18:) 1'<1>-i&Ail!lalt 42 't<:-llHil 43 J.lfl!lt.i!E 44 II"Jt'liA~l>HH'IIIl!l 15.8 15.3 3,160 45 ~!*Jim~ 7.0 6.5 1,340 46 {ftfljtf'IIOO '. 1985d 5.5 9.7 14.8 22.0 48.0 32.1 1986-87' 5.0 8.0 13.1 21.3 52.7 36.3 '. '' .. 13. 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J ~®J!k~~JJOO~ ~ ~Jft:hl:f!l ~ toor:~~~mfllill!~*~if:~~m•. ~:am, :fi~H~~~ili!:i?f!JR~~~ili!:i?. lf!Mi±lT~~~tf!lM~ii~PIN~*ftm~ QJ. liZ.~ '.It!: i? t91Jf iill!:J.: mf!l#if ¥F :iHI.Y. (Jt !ft r1a~ -~~~~~JJOO~iftW. dl ~. ~ ~:§ffl)C{t!~U~)c dli!J!JJ~ 1l:ffl ~*~J~.M~S:PJ W ~ C§·~tt; '¥ill!: PiJ'Jili!:ff' *Ra. *PI~~~~~~*~:fi~~~f!l~ Jt::l.i!::. ft}'f t9#~1K. mlf!M*, ~PI~M**~lf!M*, ~~~* /f: IPJ, tf ll fE I iJ 7[~ fll ~ 'li: ~ J!f;; ift 1m~ !ll. ~ ~~B:fi~. ~~~~PIN~* ~ (~llltlU'- ~ *'tili!:i? JKi:rmrJ !ft •L') i!HirLf![ntti!f¥ *· ool*J~mi§t&~m*. ~mm*~~ :fflf~ rjiJo *· w»0~~•m*· ~~ttm~m*&* 0] i~ -Pt t.. 7}~ wi* ~ t&~f!l1!5l:f·JJ#i;::l.i!::$ # Bm*.~~m*~~-~~•(§ffi~~r $ *¥'~ 1fl d~::li.:i'l1ifliill!illUK T ~f!JA~~ffl ?4-tllffl*~M-·) R~m *~ll @ T~IP.lif:IDM~ •f!l•~~>*~~*~•m-~. A~m* Bt PIN l::JK rtffi{PIIJ~'/i:~~:k~M1tl1Si:~. 1::11l -~~H·~~~~71f:APMitft. ft R~*-~£1f:~&*~ ~~HiftJ;J* •• 291 1::: f'= ·11PR. fll UN Department of International Economic and Social Affairs. Various years. 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