72011
Health Equity and Financial Protection Datasheets
Europe and Central Asia
Acknowledgements
These datasheets were produced by a task team consisting of Caryn Bredenkamp (Task Team Leader, Health
Economist, HDNHE), Adam Wagstaff (Research Manager, DECHD), Leander Buisman (consultant), Leah Prencipe
(consultant) and Devon Rohr (consultant, graphic design), under the overall supervision of the Sector Manager,
HDNHE, Nicole Klingen.
The financial contributions of the Rapid Social Results Trust Fund (RSR-MDTF) and the Trust Fund for
Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development (TFESSD) are gratefully acknowledged.
Table of contents
Albania...........................................................................................................5
Armenia.........................................................................................................7
Azerbaijan.................................................................................................... 8
Belarus.......................................................................................................... 9
Bosnia and Herzegovina.......................................................................... 10
FYR of Macedonia......................................................................................12
Georgia........................................................................................................13
Kazakhstan..................................................................................................16
Kyrgyz Republic.........................................................................................19
Latvia............................................................................................................21
Moldova..................................................................................................... 23
Montenegro............................................................................................... 24
Russian Federation................................................................................... 25
Serbia.......................................................................................................... 27
Tajikistan.................................................................................................... 28
Turkey......................................................................................................... 29
Ukraine....................................................................................................... 32
Uzbekistan................................................................................................. 35
Interpretation of Results
Measurement of Indicators
HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet
AlbAniA
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors
of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health
care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn
from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living
Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common
set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software.
inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH 2005 2
outcoMeS Stunting 33.4% 26.7% 28.7% 22.8% 19.0% 26.3% -0.106***
underweight 12.1% 8.5% 7.9% 2.0% 2.7% 6.8% -0.309***
diarrhea 9.5% 8.4% 7.7% 4.3% 4.1% 6.9% -0.174***
acute respiratory infection 8.7% 8.3% 5.6% 5.4% 7.4% 7.1% -0.075
2008-09 1
infant mortality rate 29.9 10.3 24.7 17.4 14.3 19.9 -0.127*
under-five mortality rate 40.1 18.7 29.2 14.2 12.9 24.2 -0.194***
Stunting 30.6% 24.8% 19.9% 20.8% 15.9% 22.7% -0.122***
underweight 9.6% 5.1% 5.4% 5.4% 3.7% 6.0% -0.153**
diarrhea 5.5% 5.9% 7.2% 3.4% 4.2% 5.4% -0.063
acute respiratory infection 9.6% 8.8% 12.7% 5.5% 6.6% 8.9% -0.098*
Fever 8.1% 8.7% 9.6% 6.8% 5.0% 7.8% -0.078
inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
riSky BeHaVior 2008-09 1
Smoking (women) 0.8% 1.1% 2.1% 5.0% 11.6% 4.2% 0.519***
concurrent partnerships 2.5% 2.7% 3.3% 5.5% 8.2% 4.5% 0.268***
condom usage (more than
11.6% 2.9% 15.0% 24.0% 40.1% 25.0% 0.310***
one partner)
inequalitieS Maternal and cHild
q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH care HealtH interVentionS1,2
utiliZation 2005 2
Full immunization 88.4% 82.7% 85.8% 85.2% 65.2% 82.3% -0.042***
contraceptive prevalence 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.4% 0.1% 0.284
2008-09 1
Full immunization 91.3% 91.5% 89.7% 86.9% 91.7% 90.2% -0.002
Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 49.3% 53.8% 67 .3% 81.3% 91.4% 67 .3% 0.137***
Skilled birth attendance 98.7% 99.2% 99.4% 100.0% 100.0% 99.4% 0.003***
contraceptive prevalence 7.2% 6.1% 7.5% 7.1% 11.4% 7.9% 0.110***
note:
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources
are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not
reported for the country under analysis.
For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption.
q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest)
ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor
* Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%.
data sources:
1=2008-09 albania demographic and Health Survey, 2= 2005 albania Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=n/a World Health Survey.
recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - albania. Washington, d.c.: World Bank.
For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth.
Photo credit:un Photo/G accascina
5
HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet
ARMENIA
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors
of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health
care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn
from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living
Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common
set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software.
inequalitieS cHild HealtH1a,1b,1c,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH 2000 1a
outcoMeS infant mortality rate 56.5 50.9 36.4 48.9 26.6 45.1 -0.122**
under-five mortality rate 57.7 58.3 52.8 53.9 38.2 53.2 -0.082
Stunting 24.8% 19.2% 18.5% 13.1% 13.1% 18.0% -0.133***
underweight 2.9% 2.6% 5.2% 1.2% 1.0% 2.5% -0.159*
diarrhea 9.1% 6.9% 8.4% 7.8% 7.0% 7.8% -0.036
acute respiratory infection 10.7% 11.4% 10.4% 15.1% 11.3% 11.7% 0.040
Fever 16.0% 15.3% 15.2% 23.0% 14.1% 16.6% 0.032
2005 1b
infant mortality rate 46.3 28.6 23.9 32.7 17.5 30.7 -0.144*
under-five mortality rate 49.2 34.7 34.6 22.8 27.9 35.2 -0.152
Stunting 19.2% 8.7% 15.9% 24.4% 17 .0% 17 .1% 0.040
underweight 4.7% 3.1% 4.2% 6.1% 4.4% 4.5% 0.037
diarrhea 19.9% 16.7% 18.0% 16.9% 13.1% 16.8% -0.066
acute respiratory infection 11.2% 5.6% 5.7% 6.9% 11.0% 8.0% 0.021
Fever 16.0% 9.0% 17.8% 20.0% 15.3% 15.7% 0.039
2010 1c
infant mortality rate 22.1 24.1 18.9 12.6 22.5 20.1 -0.008
Stunting 26.4% 19.4% 20.1% 18.0% 20.3% 20.8% -0.061
underweight 6.8% 6.2% 7.3% 3.3% 2.2% 5.2% -0.192***
diarrhea 5.5% 9.0% 9.7% 9.1% 10.7% 8.8% 0.092
acute respiratory infection 4.6% 5.2% 6.3% 13.8% 11.2% 8.1% 0.223***
Fever 9.5% 7.4% 10.5% 16.8% 16.4% 12.0% 0.160***
adult HealtH1a,1b,1c,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
2000 1a
obesity among non-pregnant
13.5% 14.4% 14.3% 14.5% 13.7% 14.1% 0.006
women
2005 1b
obesity among non-pregnant
11.9% 17.9% 18.3% 18.1% 11.5% 15.5% -0.002
women
inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1a,1b,1c,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
riSky BeHaVior 2005 1b
Smoking (women) 0.8% 1.1% 1.8% 2.4% 2.7% 1.8% 0.247***
concurrent partnerships 0.8% 1.2% 1.4% 1.0% 1.2% 1.1% 0.023
2010 1c
Smoking (women) 0.2% 0.4% 1.4% 2.4% 4.2% 1.7% 0.488***
concurrent partnerships 0.3% 0.2% 0.7% 0.5% 0.4% 0.4% 0.133
6
inequalitieS Maternal and cHild HealtH
q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH care interVentionS1a,1b,1c,2
utiliZation 2000 1a
Full immunization 65.2% 72.2% 72.5% 81.3% 68.0% 71.4% 0.023
Medical treatment of ari 22.6% 27.7% 27.6% 35.1% 16.4% 26.2% 0.025
Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 39.1% 54.2% 79.2% 81.6% 87.2% 67.2% 0.163***
Skilled birth attendance 94.1% 94.3% 99.8% 99.1% 100.0% 97.2% 0.016***
2005 1b
Full immunization 63.1% 57.1% 79.3% 64.6% 50.8% 62.0% -0.003
treatment of diarrhea 40.3% 46.8% 35.9% 42.5% 44.7% 41.9% 0.021
Medical treatment of ari 36.4% 34.4% 33.4% 33.9% 46.4% 37.9% 0.117
Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 50.0% 59.1% 78.9% 80.8% 88.5% 72.5% 0.109***
Skilled birth attendance 95.3% 99.4% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 99.0% 0.008***
contraceptive prevalence
43.6% 44.9% 43.0% 47.5% 54.0% 47.4% 0.052***
among women
2010 1c
Full immunization 88.9% 84.9% 86.5% 80.9% 79.3% 83.9% -0.021
Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 90.8% 91.3% 97.9% 96.9% 97.0% 94.8% 0.016***
Skilled birth attendance 100.0% 98.8% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 99.7% 0.001*
contraceptive prevalence
14.2% 10.5% 17.5% 19.6% 21.6% 16.7% 0.129***
among women
note:
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources
are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not
reported for the country under analysis.
For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption.
q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest)
ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor
* Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%.
data sources:
1a=2000 armenia demographic and Health Survey, 1b=2005 armenia demographic and Health Survey,
1c=2010 armenia demographic and Health Survey, 2=n/a Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=n/a World Health Survey.
recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - armenia. Washington, d.c.: World Bank.
For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth.
7
HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet
A zerbAijAn
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors
of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health
care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn
from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living
Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common
set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software.
inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH 2006 1
outcoMeS infant mortality rate 56.9 54.8 52.3 42.6 31.2 49.0 -0.106**
under-five mortality rate 63.7 80.8 58.1 50.9 42.2 60.2 -0.112**
Stunting 34.9% 32.5% 26.9% 17.2% 19.2% 27 .2% -0.142***
underweight 15.6% 10.5% 6.4% 3.0% 4.9% 8.7% -0.292***
diarrhea 13.3% 10.6% 9.8% 9.1% 9.6% 10.6% -0.087*
acute respiratory infection 5.0% 3.0% 6.1% 3.9% 1.6% 4.0% -0.121*
Fever 11.9% 8.5% 10.4% 8.1% 8.8% 9.7% -0.073
adult HealtH1,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
2006 1
obesity among non-pregnant
11.8% 15.4% 18.2% 22.3% 21.7% 18.1% 0.115***
women
inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
riSky BeHavior 2006 1
concurrent partnerships 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.1% 0.2% 0.039
inequalitieS Maternal and cHild
q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH care HealtH interventionS1,2
utiliZation 2006 1
Full immunization 38.3% 40.0% 42.8% 37.8% 66.9% 44.5% 0.097**
treatment of diarrhea 31.2% 14.3% 41.0% 39.2% 42.3% 32.2% 0.094
Medical treatment of ari 16.5% 40.4% 54.0% 51.3% 10.9% 37.8% 0.195**
Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 20.7% 33.8% 47.0% 69.0% 80.3% 47.5% 0.262***
Skilled birth attendance 79.2% 84.3% 90.6% 98.1% 99.6% 89.3% 0.051***
contraceptive prevalence
42.5% 40.0% 36.0% 40.1% 37.1% 38.8% -0.012
among women
note:
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources
are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not
reported for the country under analysis.
For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption.
q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest)
ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor
* Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%.
data sources:
1=2006 azerbaijan demographic and Health Survey, 2=n/a Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=n/a World Health Survey.
recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - azerbaijan. Washington, d.c.: World Bank.
For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth.
8
HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet
BEL ARUS
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors
of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health
care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn
from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living
Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common
set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software.
inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH 2005 2
outcoMeS Stunting 8.3% 5.3% 4.3% 2.6% 2.0% 4.6% -0.313**
underweight 2.6% 2.1% 1.3% 1.6% 0.4% 1.6% -0.275*
diarrhea 4.2% 4.4% 3.9% 4.6% 3.1% 4.0% -0.042
acute respiratory infection 13.2% 19.3% 21.4% 14.7% 17.3% 17.1% 0.020
inequalitieS Maternal and cHild
q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH care HealtH interventionS1,2
utiliZation 2005 2
Medical treatment of ari 82.9% 84.8% 94.7% 94.7% 91.8% 90.0% 0.027
contraceptive prevalence 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -0.970**
adult Preventive care2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
2005 2
voluntary counseling and
90.7% 88.5% 90.6% 91.7% 88.9% 90.0% -0.001***
testing for Hiv
note:
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources
are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not
reported for the country under analysis.
For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption.
q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest)
ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor
* Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%.
data sources:
1=n/a demographic and Health Survey, 2=2005 Belarus Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=n/a World Health Survey.
recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - Belarus. Washington, d.c.: World Bank.
For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth.
Photo credit:
9
HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet
Bosnia and Herzegovina
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors
of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health
care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn
from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living
Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common
set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software.
inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH 2006 2
outcoMeS Stunting 17.2% 11.5% 11.8% 9.6% 6.9% 11.7% -0.157
underweight 1.7% 1.7% 0.6% 0.6% 4.0% 1.7% 0.116
diarrhea 3.6% 5.8% 4.4% 5.4% 4.6% 4.7% 0.038
acute respiratory infection 7.5% 7.6% 4.8% 5.8% 5.8% 6.4% -0.052
adult HealtH1,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
2003 3
tuberculosis 8.6% 4.4% 2.1% 3.3% 3.0% 4.2% -0.238**
obesity among non-pregnant
4.2% 8.3% 0.3% 1.5% 6.2% 3.8% -0.081
women
road traffic accident 2.9% 0.1% 3.3% 3.3% 0.3% 2.0% -0.063**
non-road traffic accident 9.1% 5.5% 4.3% 3.9% 1.8% 4.9% -0.285
angina 13.0% 9.7% 4.2% 7.4% 2.7% 7.4% -0.253***
arthritis 15.7% 13.8% 11.2% 9.3% 10.0% 12.0% -0.123
asthma 4.8% 4.4% 1.4% 6.0% 1.1% 3.5% -0.129
depression 9.8% 5.1% 4.9% 9.3% 1.8% 6.2% -0.142
diabetes 7.8% 6.6% 5.9% 4.0% 0.6% 4.9% -0.284***
difficulty with work and
18.3% 12.8% 7.0% 4.7% 3.9% 9.3% -0.313***
household activities
Poor self-assessed health
22.8% 11.0% 8.9% 5.1% 6.6% 10.9% -0.309***
status
inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
riSky BeHaVior 2003 3
Smoking (all) 45.8% 45.6% 44.0% 44.1% 41.6% 44.2% -0.011
Smoking (women) 22.1% 54.3% 40.9% 32.5% 46.3% 39.5% 0.042
insufficient intake of fruit and
82.0% 88.3% 83.3% 85.5% 78.2% 83.5% -0.014
vegetables
insufficient physical activity 21.5% 21.5% 29.4% 27.6% 33.4% 26.7% 0.092**
drinking 2.0% 1.2% 0.3% 0.6% 4.3% 1.6% 0.201
concurrent partnerships 0.0% 0.8% 5.4% 0.0% 0.8% 1.6% -0.125
inequalitieS Maternal and cHild
q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH care HealtH interVentionS1,2
utiliZation 2006 2
Full immunization 90.4% 91.7% 89.1% 92.1% 89.4% 90.6% -0.001
contraceptive prevalence 5.0% 7.0% 9.0% 9.7% 16.1% 9.5% 0.225***
10
inequalitieS adult PreVentiVe care2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH care 2003 3
utiliZation tB screening 2.1% 3.0% 2.3% 0.6% 2.9% 2.2% -0.031
(cont.) cervical cancer screening 68.8% 64.7% 92.6% 94.8% 82.8% 80.9% 0.057**
Breast cancer screening 3.0% 9.9% 4.7% 22.5% 16.4% 11.1% 0.264***
adult curatiVe care3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
2003 3
inpatient or outpatient
53.0% 58.9% 52.6% 45.1% 50.8% 52.1% -0.026
(12 months)
inpatient (12 months) 13.7% 11.7% 15.5% 11.9% 10.4% 12.6% -0.033
inpatient (5 years) 28.4% 24.0% 27.7% 32.2% 24.8% 27.4% 0.006
outpatient (12 months) 45.7% 54.3% 50.8% 43.7% 49.6% 48.8% -0.001
threshold share of total household consumption
Financial cataStroPHic out-oF-
5% 10% 15% 25% 40%
Protection Pocket SPending3
2003 3
Headcount 43.7% 39.8% 33.3% 26.9% 24.8%
concentration index -0.076* -0.087 -0.239*** -0.382*** -0.594***
threshold share of nonfood consumption
cataStroPHic out-oF-
5% 10% 15% 25% 40%
Pocket SPending3
2003 3
Headcount 46.2% 44.3% 41.8% 34.3% 30.1%
concentration index -0.062 -0.084* -0.119** -0.166*** -0.275***
iMPoVeriSHMent3
Poverty line at uS$1.25 per consumption consumption
change % change
capita per day including ooP excluding ooP
2003 3
Percentage in poverty 4.4% 4.6% 0.3 pp 5.8%
average shortfall from the
$0.05 $0.05 $0.00 6.3%
poverty line
average shortfall from the
$0.88 $0.89 $0.00 0.5%
poverty line, among the poor
Poverty line at uS$2.00 per consumption consumption
change % change
capita per day including ooP excluding ooP
2003 3
Percentage in poverty 7.4% 8.7% 1.3 pp 18.0%
average shortfall from the
$0.10 $0.11 $0.01 10.9%
poverty line
average shortfall from the
$1.06 $1.00 -$0.06 -6.0%
poverty line, among the poor
note:
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources
are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not
reported for the country under analysis.
For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption.
q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest)
ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor
* Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%.
Poverty lines are at 2005 purchasing power parity, adjusted to current prices using Bosnia and Herzegovina’s consumer price index.
data sources:
1=n/a demographic and Health Survey, 2=2006 Bosnia and Herzegovina Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=2003 Bosnia and Herzegovina World Health Survey.
recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - Bosnia and Herzegovina. Washington, d.c.: World Bank.
For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth.
Photo credit:Hidajet delic-degi, 2001
11
HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet
F Y R oF Macedonia
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors
of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health
care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn
from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living
Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common
set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software.
inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH 2005 2
outcoMeS Stunting 14.8% 11.0% 13.6% 5.9% 8.5% 11.6% -0.149***
underweight 2.9% 1.3% 2.0% 1.4% 1.1% 1.9% -0.205
diarrhea 9.8% 8.0% 4.4% 6.8% 3.9% 7.3% -0.148
acute respiratory infection 17.1% 13.5% 11.8% 8.8% 10.7% 13.1% -0.141***
inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
riSky BeHavior 2005 2
concurrent partnerships 15.3% 0.5% 5.0% 8.1% 3.1% 6.1% -0.163
inequalitieS Maternal and cHild
q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH care HealtH interventionS1,2
utiliZation 2005 2
Full immunization 81.1% 93.3% 92.9% 90.3% 98.3% 90.5% 0.029***
contraceptive prevalence 8.3% 7.8% 7.9% 5.9% 15.8% 9.2% 0.127*
note:
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources
are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not
reported for the country under analysis.
For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption.
q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest)
ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor
* Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%.
data sources:
1=n/a demographic and Health Survey, 2=2005 Fyr of Macedonia Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=n/a World Health Survey.
recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - Fyr of Macedonia. Washington, d.c.: World Bank.
For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth.
Photo credit: yosef Hadar
12
HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet
GEORGIA
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors
of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health
care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn
from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living
Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common
set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software.
inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH 2005 2
outcoMeS Stunting 21.8% 15.2% 16.1% 12.0% 8.3% 14.7% -0.182***
underweight 2.7% 3.5% 2.8% 2.2% 1.4% 2.5% -0.119
diarrhea 9.5% 12.2% 9.2% 14.7% 6.9% 10.4% -0.025
acute respiratory infection 13.3% 10.4% 10.2% 12.5% 13.8% 12.1% 0.030
adult HealtH1,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
2003 3
tuberculosis 3.8% 4.9% 2.5% 4.4% 5.6% 4.3% 0.052
obesity among all women 4.1% 5.5% 7.0% 8.9% 8.6% 7.0% 0.130*
road traffic accident 0.2% 0.3% 0.6% 1.1% 1.1% 0.7% 0.343***
non-road traffic accident 1.5% 1.9% 2.4% 3.5% 0.6% 2.0% 0.011
angina 15.4% 17 .0% 14.2% 15.6% 10.7% 14.5% -0.056*
arthritis 22.4% 22.3% 16.1% 18.6% 12.5% 18.2% -0.106***
asthma 6.9% 4.2% 2.7% 2.9% 3.7% 4.0% -0.132*
depression 5.7% 5.9% 4.8% 5.8% 5.0% 5.4% -0.033
diabetes 1.9% 2.8% 1.6% 2.9% 4.4% 2.7% 0.146**
difficulty with work and
22.5% 17.8% 15.3% 9.2% 8.5% 14.7% -0.194***
household activities
Poor self-assessed health
33.6% 24.3% 16.9% 17.1% 11.2% 20.0% -0.205***
status
inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
riSky BeHaVior 2003 3
Smoking (all) 20.9% 27.2% 27.7% 31.5% 35.9% 29.0% 0.096***
Smoking (women) 7.6% 6.6% 5.3% 7.7% 10.8% 7.6% 0.093
insufficient intake of fruit and
82.6% 79.9% 78.8% 78.3% 69.6% 77.6% -0.032***
vegetables
insufficient physical activity 1.0% 0.9% 1.0% 1.3% 1.4% 1.1% 0.081
drinking 12.8% 12.3% 15.9% 17.3% 17.4% 15.3% 0.084***
concurrent partnerships 5.7% 0.0% 4.8% 4.1% 2.7% 3.5% -0.042
inequalitieS Maternal and cHild
q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH care HealtH interVentionS1,2
utiliZation 2005 2
contraceptive prevalence
9.3% 12.5% 13.8% 15.1% 18.6% 13.9% 0.133
among women
13
inequalitieS adult PreVentiVe care2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH care 2005 2
utiliZation Voluntary counseling and
(cont.) 82.3% 88.3% 75.6% 86.5% 83.8% 83.6% 0.007
testing for HiV
2003 3
tB screening 1.3% 2.3% 1.3% 1.2% 1.4% 1.5% -0.021
cervical cancer screening 30.5% 25.1% 41.0% 30.2% 38.4% 33.5% 0.058
Breast cancer screening 0.9% 3.0% 2.8% 4.1% 6.3% 3.6% 0.273***
adult curatiVe care3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
2003 3
inpatient or outpatient
28.0% 38.2% 36.6% 38.4% 40.4% 36.7% 0.047***
(12 months)
inpatient (12 months) 4.1% 5.0% 4.3% 3.0% 4.3% 4.2% -0.044
inpatient (5 years) 17.5% 13.6% 13.3% 12.7% 11.3% 13.5% -0.067*
outpatient (12 months) 22.3% 31.4% 31.2% 32.4% 32.9% 30.5% 0.047**
threshold share of total household consumption
Financial cataStroPHic out-oF-
5% 10% 15% 25% 40%
Protection Pocket SPending3
2003 3
Headcount 32.6% 25.1% 20.4% 13.8% 8.8%
concentration index 0.138*** 0.162*** 0.174*** 0.186*** 0.307***
threshold share of nonfood consumption
cataStroPHic out-oF-
5% 10% 15% 25% 40%
Pocket SPending3
2003 3
Headcount 41.1% 39.1% 36.3% 30.8% 25.9%
concentration index 0.105*** 0.089*** 0.071*** 0.060*** 0.025
iMPoVeriSHMent3
Poverty line at uS$1.25 per consumption consumption
change % change
capita per day including ooP excluding ooP
2003 3
Percentage in poverty 25.6% 29.3% 3.7 pp 14.4%
average shortfall from the
$0.12 $0.14 $0.02 15.7%
poverty line
average shortfall from the
$0.46 $0.47 $0.01 1.1%
poverty line, among the poor
Poverty line at uS$2.00 per consumption consumption
change % change
capita per day including ooP excluding ooP
2003 3
Percentage in poverty 46.6% 51.2% 4.6 pp 9.8%
average shortfall from the
$0.41 $0.46 $0.05 12.2%
poverty line
average shortfall from the
$0.84 $0.86 $0.02 2.2%
poverty line, among the poor
14
note:
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources
are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not
reported for the country under analysis.
For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption.
q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest)
ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor
* Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%.
Poverty lines are at 2005 purchasing power parity, adjusted to current prices using georgia’s consumer price index.
data sources:
1=n/a demographic and Health Survey, 2=2005 georgia Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=2003 georgia World Health Survey.
recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - georgia. Washington, d.c.: World Bank.
For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth.
Photo credit: yuri Mechitov
15
HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet
K A Z AK HSTAN
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors
of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health
care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn
from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living
Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common
set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software.
inequalitieS cHild HealtH1a,1b,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH 1995 1a
outcoMeS infant mortality rate 30.3 49.0 40.4 55.2 32.8 41.4 0.057
under-five mortality rate 23.2 32.5 60.6 71.4 35.5 43.9 0.139**
Stunting 30.6% 20.4% 16.9% 11.9% 4.1% 18.2% -0.262***
underweight 7.3% 7.7% 8.7% 6.1% 3.1% 7.0% -0.089
diarrhea 20.1% 12.6% 14.6% 18.5% 12.5% 16.0% -0.032
acute respiratory infection 6.2% 1.6% 1.8% 11.9% 5.4% 5.3% 0.155
Fever 9.1% 11.9% 6.7% 16.7% 17.1% 11.6% 0.153**
1999 1b
infant mortality rate 73.0 64.0 77.9 27.3 43.3 58.9 -0.131***
under-five mortality rate 74.7 52.4 92.8 37.1 31.8 59.6 -0.141***
Stunting 17 .2% 14.7% 11.8% 7.7% 11.6% 13.1% -0.139**
underweight 3.5% 3.9% 4.5% 2.2% 5.3% 3.8% -0.025
diarrhea 13.7% 12.0% 15.2% 13.9% 12.6% 13.6% 0.028
acute respiratory infection 2.7% 4.0% 2.9% 4.0% 1.2% 3.0% -0.025
Fever 14.2% 9.0% 15.4% 12.8% 9.4% 12.5% -0.012
2006 2
Stunting 20.7% 19.0% 18.6% 14.7% 13.6% 17.8% -0.084***
underweight 5.7% 5.8% 5.1% 4.3% 2.6% 4.9% -0.110***
diarrhea 1.1% 2.1% 1.4% 2.9% 2.0% 1.8% 0.162**
acute respiratory infection 3.7% 5.7% 6.5% 6.9% 7.0% 5.7% 0.131***
adult HealtH1a,1b,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
1995 1a
obesity among non-pregnant
13.2% 12.9% 18.8% 17.1% 19.0% 16.4% 0.089***
women
1999 1b
obesity among non-pregnant
11.9% 13.6% 11.2% 15.0% 11.6% 12.7% 0.005
women
2002-03 3
tuberculosis 66.2 45.3 37.8 22.9 41.6 42.7 -0.150*
obesity among non-pregnant
70.9 117.4 95.3 125.4 168.0 112.5 0.169**
women
road traffic accident 1.0% 0.4% 0.7% 1.2% 0.8% 0.8% 0.027
non-road traffic accident 2.8% 1.7% 2.6% 2.0% 1.8% 2.2% -0.086
angina 13.0% 19.9% 8.3% 5.8% 5.7% 10.5% -0.206***
arthritis 16.8% 27 .3% 18.0% 8.2% 12.6% 16.6% -0.117***
asthma 1.5% 2.6% 3.0% 2.2% 1.8% 2.2% -0.016
depression 1.8% 1.5% 2.3% 1.2% 0.3% 1.4% -0.163*
diabetes 1.7% 4.4% 1.7% 2.1% 0.5% 2.1% -0.187
difficulty with work and
6.3% 5.3% 3.7% 1.0% 0.9% 3.4% -0.346***
household activities
Poor self-assessed health
9.1% 14.6% 6.8% 2.2% 2.5% 7.0% -0.276***
status
16
inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1a,1b,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
riSky BeHavior 2002-03 3
Smoking (all) 23.0% 27.6% 24.6% 28.3% 26.2% 25.9% 0.012
Smoking (women) 5.6% 9.1% 9.8% 18.0% 19.2% 12.4% 0.216***
insufficient intake of fruit and
95.2% 91.6% 93.1% 87.0% 84.6% 90.3% -0.024***
vegetables
insufficient physical activity 48.6% 55.7% 64.0% 58.7% 59.5% 57.3% 0.040***
drinking 7.4% 3.2% 5.8% 6.0% 6.7% 5.8% 0.017
concurrent partnerships 11.1% 2.4% 15.3% 8.5% 3.7% 8.7% -0.141*
inequalitieS Maternal and cHild
q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH care HealtH interventionS1a,1b,2
utiliZation 1995 1a
Full immunization 25.8% 21.4% 22.6% 32.2% 41.4% 27.2% 0.111**
Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 75.8% 89.8% 82.2% 88.3% 93.7% 84.9% 0.032***
Skilled birth attendance 99.4% 100.0% 98.8% 100.0% 100.0% 99.6% 0.002
1999 1b
Full immunization 70.2% 75.6% 77.2% 80.0% 62.3% 73.1% 0.004
treatment of diarrhea 15.2% 29.5% 30.9% 47.4% 50.8% 32.0% 0.246***
Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 76.6% 78.5% 82.5% 79.7% 82.7% 79.8% 0.015
Skilled birth attendance 99.0% 99.2% 98.5% 99.0% 100.0% 99.1% 0.001
2006 2
Full immunization 82.1% 58.0% 59.7% 86.2% 70.1% 71.0% 0.035
contraceptive prevalence 27.5% 32.3% 34.3% 36.5% 39.3% 34.2% 0.064***
adult Preventive care2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
2002-03 3
tB screening 55.0% 44.7% 49.0% 38.1% 44.8% 46.3% -0.047**
voluntary counseling and
95.0% 95.6% 93.1% 98.1% 97.8% 96.0% 0.008*
testing for Hiv
cervical cancer screening 91.9% 96.3% 95.2% 97.0% 97.4% 95.6% 0.011***
Breast cancer screening 36.6% 40.3% 47.4% 44.2% 49.8% 43.6% 0.058*
2006 2
voluntary counseling and
82.0% 84.8% 86.4% 89.0% 93.0% 87.6% 0.025***
testing for Hiv
adult curative care3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
2002-03 3
inpatient or outpatient
59.9% 67.1% 66.8% 54.4% 57.0% 61.0% -0.022
(12 months)
inpatient (12 months) 10.2% 8.6% 9.6% 5.6% 9.4% 8.7% -0.025
inpatient (5 years) 18.3% 19.2% 17.1% 12.8% 18.6% 17.2% -0.027
outpatient (12 months) 57.3% 61.2% 65.5% 54.2% 53.1% 58.2% -0.023
threshold share of total household consumption
Financial cataStroPHic out-oF-
5% 10% 15% 25% 40%
Protection Pocket SPending
2002-03 3
Headcount 51.1% 31.5% 19.6% 7.8% 3.0%
concentration index -0.028* -0.020 0.017 0.175*** 0.389***
threshold share of nonfood consumption
cataStroPHic out-oF-
5% 10% 15% 25% 40%
Pocket SPending
2002-03 3
Headcount 62.7% 50.7% 39.7% 24.5% 12.2%
concentration index -0.017 -0.036** -0.030 -0.020 0.100***
17
Financial iMPoveriSHMent
Protection Poverty line at uS$1.25 per consumption consumption
change % change
(cont.) capita per day including ooP excluding ooP
2002-03 3
Percentage in poverty 3.0% 4.2% 1.2 pp 40.8%
average shortfall from the
$0.01 $0.01 $0.00 26.3%
poverty line
average shortfall from the
$0.35 $0.31 -$0.04 -10.3%
poverty line, among the poor
Poverty line at uS$2.00 per consumption consumption
change % change
capita per day including ooP excluding ooP
2002-03 3
Percentage in poverty 9.7% 12.4% 2.7 pp 28.0%
average shortfall from the
$0.06 $0.07 $0.02 25.6%
poverty line
average shortfall from the
$0.62 $0.61 -$0.01 -1.9%
poverty line, among the poor
note:
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources
are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not
reported for the country under analysis.
For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption.
q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest)
ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor
* Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%.
Poverty lines are at 2005 purchasing power parity, adjusted to current prices using kazakhstan’s consumer price index.
data sources:
1a=1995 kazakhstan demographic and Health Survey, 1b=1999 kazakhstan demographic and Health Survey,
2=2006 kazakhstan Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=2002-03 kazakhstan World Health Survey.
recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - kazakhstan. Washington, d.c.: World Bank.
For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth.
Photo credit: Martin Fodor
18
HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet
K y rgy z repu blic
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors
of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health
care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn
from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living
Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common
set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software.
inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH 1997 1
outcoMeS infant mortality rate 87.8 69.0 75.4 51.1 46.2 67.6 -0.132***
under-five mortality rate 99.5 96.7 95.1 50.7 51.8 80.1 -0.154***
Stunting 42.0% 36.9% 30.6% 22.9% 24.3% 32.6% -0.137***
underweight 7.6% 9.5% 10.9% 6.5% 5.3% 8.1% -0.036
diarrhea 21.1% 19.3% 18.7% 13.6% 13.6% 17 .8% -0.077*
acute respiratory infection 5.3% 5.8% 3.6% 3.7% 2.8% 4.4% -0.101
Fever 14.1% 13.0% 13.8% 12.4% 12.6% 13.3% -0.009
2005-06 2
Stunting 25.4% 18.9% 16.0% 15.8% 14.9% 18.4% -0.114***
underweight 2.0% 2.4% 5.6% 3.4% 2.2% 3.1% 0.067
diarrhea2 2.5% 3.2% 4.7% 3.2% 4.9% 3.7% 0.092
acute respiratory infection 7.2% 12.9% 13.3% 9.6% 10.7% 10.7% 0.041
adult HealtH1,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
1997 1
obesity among non-pregnant
5.8% 5.2% 10.9% 10.9% 9.8% 8.7% 0.112***
women
inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
riSky BeHavior 2005-06 2
concurrent partnerships 2.1% 1.1% 3.3% 4.1% 1.8% 2.6% 0.144
inequalitieS Maternal and cHild
q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH care HealtH interventionS1,2
utiliZation 1997 1
Full immunization 73.9% 76.9% 80.3% 79.7% 75.8% 76.9% 0.009
Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 83.2% 86.8% 95.0% 95.2% 91.1% 89.6% 0.027***
Skilled birth attendance 96.2% 98.2% 98.0% 99.7% 100.0% 98.2% 0.008***
2005-06 2
contraceptive prevalence
32.8% 24.6% 33.7% 33.9% 29.8% 30.9% 0.009
among women
adult Preventive care2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
2005-06 2
voluntary counseling and
52.4% 61.8% 83.3% 83.7% 93.8% 79.9% 0.095*
testing for Hiv
19
note:
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources
are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not
reported for the country under analysis.
For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption.
q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest)
ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor
* Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%.
data sources:
1=1997 kyrgyz republic demographic and Health Survey, 2=2005-06 kyrgyz republic Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=n/a World Health Survey.
recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - kyrgyz republic. Washington, d.c.: World Bank.
For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth.
Photo credit: nicholas van Praag
20
HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet
L at via
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors
of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health
care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn
from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living
Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common
set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software.
inequalitieS adult HealtH1,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH 2003 3
outcoMeS tuberculosis 9.7% 11.6% 7.8% 12.9% 6.7% 9.7% -0.040
road traffic accident 1.1% 0.0% 2.3% 1.6% 2.9% 1.6% 0.246*
non-road traffic accident 10.2% 9.6% 6.6% 10.7% 9.6% 9.3% -0.022
angina 33.0% 32.8% 27 .6% 13.0% 8.2% 22.5% -0.250***
arthritis 17 .7% 24.5% 16.1% 14.9% 7.1% 16.0% -0.151***
asthma 7.3% 5.8% 4.2% 4.2% 2.5% 4.7% -0.182**
depression 7.4% 11.2% 6.5% 4.5% 4.3% 6.8% -0.161**
diabetes 9.1% 9.4% 6.8% 7.3% 1.5% 6.7% -0.210***
difficulty with work and
16.2% 24.9% 14.0% 12.3% 4.1% 14.3% -0.198***
household activities
Poor self-assessed health
32.2% 31.3% 17.9% 15.5% 8.9% 20.8% -0.247***
status
riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
inequalitieS in
2003 3
riSky BeHaVior
Smoking (all) 43.6% 30.6% 33.5% 33.5% 34.1% 34.8% -0.032
insufficient intake of fruit and
83.8% 76.9% 80.9% 80.7% 64.4% 77.0% -0.039***
vegetables
drinking 15.3% 4.9% 7.0% 8.3% 5.7% 8.0% -0.161*
inequalitieS adult PreVentiVe care2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH care 2003 3
utiliZation tB screening 10.3% 14.2% 17.2% 16.4% 16.2% 15.0% 0.078
cervical cancer screening 78.5% 92.6% 96.9% 96.9% 94.8% 93.9% 0.020
Breast cancer screening 22.5% 39.7% 45.5% 37.1% 47.1% 39.7% 0.057
adult curatiVe care3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
2003 3
inpatient or outpatient
62.0% 68.8% 60.5% 65.4% 71.0% 65.7% 0.013
(12 months)
inpatient (12 months) 20.4% 18.5% 19.1% 15.5% 18.4% 18.3% -0.043
inpatient (5 years) 40.3% 42.5% 44.4% 37.5% 32.6% 39.4% -0.044
outpatient (12 months) 53.7% 56.6% 44.9% 64.6% 64.9% 57.3% 0.039
21
threshold share of total household consumption
Financial cataStroPHic out-oF-
5% 10% 15% 25% 40%
Protection Pocket SPending
2003 3
Headcount 37.5% 26.8% 21.1% 15.6% 13.0%
concentration index 0.005 -0.062 -0.193*** -0.330*** -0.794***
threshold share of nonfood consumption
cataStroPHic out-oF-
5% 10% 15% 25% 40%
Pocket SPending
2003 3
Headcount 44.6% 38.6% 31.6% 23.6% 17.4%
concentration index 0.010 -0.031 -0.055 -0.139** -0.327***
iMPoVeriSHMent
Poverty line at uS$1.25 per consumption consumption
change % change
capita per day including ooP excluding ooP
2003 3
Percentage in poverty 5.5% 5.7% 0.2 pp 4.4%
average shortfall from the
$0.06 $0.06 $0.00 2.7%
poverty line
average shortfall from the
$1.03 $1.02 -$0.02 -1.7%
poverty line, among the poor
Poverty line at uS$2.00 per consumption consumption
change % change
capita per day including ooP excluding ooP
2003 3
Percentage in poverty 7.2% 7.7% 0.5 pp 6.3%
average shortfall from the
$0.11 $0.12 $0.00 2.9%
poverty line
average shortfall from the
$1.45 $1.40 -$0.05 -3.2%
poverty line, among the poor
note:
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources
are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not
reported for the country under analysis.
For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption.
q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest)
ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor
* Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%.
Poverty lines are at 2005 purchasing power parity, adjusted to current prices using latvia’s consumer price index.
data sources:
1=n/a demographic and Health Survey, 2=n/a Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=2003 latvia World Health Survey.
recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - latvia. Washington, d.c.: World Bank.
For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth.
Photo credit: curt carnemark
22
HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet
MOLDOVA
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors
of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health
care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn
from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living
Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common
set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software.
inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH 2005 1
outcoMeS infant mortality rate 20.9 21.5 31.3 20.6 18.9 22.8 -0.037
under-five mortality rate 29.4 25.3 55.6 29.3 23.8 33.1 -0.022
Stunting 15.9% 11.3% 14.2% 6.3% 7.4% 11.3% -0.147***
underweight 6.3% 5.1% 2.1% 2.7% 1.0% 3.4% -0.287***
diarrhea 7.5% 2.2% 6.3% 9.5% 11.8% 7.5% 0.188***
acute respiratory infection 5.2% 5.8% 7.0% 6.6% 10.4% 7.1% 0.108*
Fever 10.9% 10.2% 16.3% 17.6% 22.2% 15.6% 0.152***
adult HealtH1,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
2005 1
obesity among non-pregnant
17.6% 21.3% 19.5% 19.1% 14.5% 18.3% -0.045***
women
inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
riSky BeHavior 2005 1
Smoking (women) 1.2% 2.4% 3.1% 8.4% 17.0% 7.1% 0.466***
concurrent partnerships 7.8% 8.8% 8.4% 13.7% 21.6% 12.6% 0.228***
condom usage (more than
20.0% 15.0% 30.1% 28.0% 32.7% 27.8% 0.103***
one partner)
inequalitieS Maternal and cHild
q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH care HealtH interventionS1,2
utiliZation 2005 1
Full immunization 90.0% 94.4% 95.5% 75.6% 86.2% 88.7% -0.021*
Medical treatment of ari 41.9% 46.1% 72.6% 57.9% 68.1% 60.0% 0.069
Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 66.9% 81.0% 83.2% 84.6% 84.3% 80.5% 0.037***
Skilled birth attendance 99.4% 99.3% 100.0% 99.8% 100.0% 99.7% 0.002*
contraceptive prevalence
49.4% 46.1% 51.4% 52.5% 53.9% 51.2% 0.030***
among women
note:
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources
are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not
reported for the country under analysis.
For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption.
q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest)
ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor
* Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%.
data sources:
1=2005 Moldova demographic and Health Survey, 2=n/a Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=n/a World Health Survey.
recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - Moldova. Washington, d.c.: World Bank.
For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth.
23
HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet
Montenegro
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors
of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health
care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn
from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living
Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common
set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software.
inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH 2005-06 2
outcoMeS Stunting 13.9% 7.1% 5.7% 5.8% 5.2% 7.8% -0.184**
underweight 4.9% 2.5% 1.5% 0.5% 1.7% 2.3% -0.342**
diarrhea 8.5% 4.8% 1.7% 6.7% 3.4% 5.1% -0.154*
acute respiratory infection 9.5% 12.2% 14.2% 11.1% 10.0% 11.4% 0.015
inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
riSky BeHavior 2005-06 2
concurrent partnerships 0.0% 0.0% 4.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.9% -0.142***
inequalitieS Maternal and cHild
q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH care HealtH interventionS1,2
utiliZation 2005-06 2
contraceptive prevalence 1.0% 0.6% 0.6% 0.7% 1.1% 0.8% 0.036
note:
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources
are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not
reported for the country under analysis.
For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption.
q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest)
ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor
* Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%.
data sources:
1=n/a demographic and Health Survey, 2=2005-06 Montenegro Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=n/a World Health Survey.
recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - Montenegro. Washington, d.c.: World Bank.
For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth.
24
HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet
Russian FedeRation
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors
of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health
care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn
from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living
Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common
set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software.
inequalitieS adult HealtH1,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH 2003 3
outcoMeS tuberculosis 10.3% 8.9% 5.5% 3.5% 8.3% 7.3% -0.118
obesity among non-pregnant
14.8% 13.7% 13.5% 9.9% 19.9% 14.3% 0.004
women
road traffic accident 1.0% 0.5% 0.3% 1.5% 1.7% 1.0% 0.182
non-road traffic accident 8.2% 7.5% 6.1% 10.1% 8.8% 8.1% 0.036
angina 43.4% 37 .6% 22.9% 11.5% 15.3% 25.7% -0.262***
arthritis 36.7% 31.2% 17.9% 13.6% 11.3% 21.8% -0.257***
asthma 1.8% 5.1% 3.0% 3.2% 6.3% 3.9% 0.123
depression 2.2% 2.6% 2.5% 2.2% 7.3% 3.4% 0.192
diabetes 3.5% 3.7% 2.3% 1.5% 5.4% 3.3% -0.003
difficulty with work and
29.3% 18.4% 11.9% 6.3% 4.6% 14.1% -0.362***
household activities
Poor self-assessed health
38.8% 27.1% 15.6% 10.5% 6.5% 19.7% -0.345***
status
riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
inequalitieS in
2003 3
riSky BeHaVior
Smoking (all) 21.4% 21.3% 33.5% 27.9% 33.3% 27.5% 0.094***
Smoking (women) 29.5% 16.9% 22.9% 11.8% 19.5% 18.0% -0.046
insufficient intake of fruit and
93.8% 82.4% 82.0% 83.0% 73.1% 82.8% -0.041***
vegetables
insufficient physical activity 42.6% 49.4% 49.7% 55.6% 38.4% 47 .0% -0.001
drinking 11.3% 7.4% 6.8% 8.9% 8.3% 8.5% -0.048
concurrent partnerships 18.3% 13.1% 7.7% 12.8% 6.8% 10.5% -0.113
inequalitieS adult PreVentiVe care2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH care 2003 3
utiliZation tB screening 45.1% 46.3% 55.2% 47.8% 50.1% 48.9% 0.021
Voluntary counseling and
91.0% 100.0% 97.3% 95.8% 100.0% 97.6% 0.007**
testing for HiV
cervical cancer screening 86.1% 97.9% 89.3% 95.4% 98.3% 94.4% 0.016***
Breast cancer screening 9.8% 12.8% 20.6% 26.7% 33.2% 21.4% 0.239***
adult curatiVe care3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
2003 3
inpatient or outpatient
64.6% 69.1% 61.9% 64.1% 63.3% 64.6% -0.009
(12 months)
inpatient (12 months) 11.1% 15.3% 13.6% 14.6% 13.1% 13.6% 0.004
inpatient (5 years) 33.1% 35.1% 31.4% 30.0% 28.7% 31.7% -0.043
outpatient (12 months) 56.8% 63.2% 51.4% 57.9% 56.5% 57.1% -0.005
25
threshold share of total household consumption
Financial cataStroPHic out-oF-
5% 10% 15% 25% 40%
Protection Pocket SPending
2003 3
Headcount 42.5% 31.5% 25.4% 6.6% 3.5%
concentration index -0.139*** -0.261*** -0.395*** 0.033 -0.240***
threshold share of nonfood consumption
cataStroPHic out-oF-
5% 10% 15% 25% 40%
Pocket SPending
2003 3
Headcount 51.6% 46.7% 41.9% 21.0% 12.5%
concentration index -0.073*** -0.107*** -0.145*** 0.101** 0.145**
iMPoVeriSHMent
Poverty line at uS$1.25 per consumption consumption
change % change
capita per day including ooP excluding ooP
2003 3
Percentage in poverty 20.5% 21.6% 1.0 pp 5.1%
average shortfall from the
$0.20 $0.21 $0.01 5.8%
poverty line
average shortfall from the
$0.98 $0.98 $0.01 0.6%
poverty line, among the poor
Poverty line at uS$2.00 per consumption consumption
change % change
capita per day including ooP excluding ooP
2003 3
Percentage in poverty 24.8% 26.8% 2.0 pp 8.1%
average shortfall from the
$0.37 $0.39 $0.03 6.9%
poverty line
average shortfall from the
$1.48 $1.46 -$0.02 -1.1%
poverty line, among the poor
note:
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources
are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not
reported for the country under analysis.
For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption.
q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest)
ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor
* Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%.
Poverty lines are at 2005 purchasing power parity, adjusted to current prices using russian Federation’s consumer price index.
data sources:
1=n/a demographic and Health Survey, 2=n/a Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=2003 russian Federation World Health Survey.
recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - russian Federation. Washington, d.c.: World Bank.
For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth.
Photo credit: yuri kozyrev
26
HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet
Serbia
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors
of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health
care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn
from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living
Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common
set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software.
inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH 2005-06 2
outcoMeS Stunting 11.7% 8.5% 6.9% 8.5% 5.5% 8.3% -0.125***
underweight 5.1% 1.0% 0.8% 0.4% 1.8% 1.8% -0.362***
diarrhea 7.3% 5.1% 4.0% 4.9% 4.7% 5.2% -0.096**
acute respiratory infection 12.2% 10.1% 12.1% 12.4% 9.9% 11.4% -0.017
inequalitieS in riSK FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
riSKy BeHavior 2005-06 2
concurrent partnerships 3.5% 5.2% 2.8% 7.2% 6.9% 5.2% 0.131
inequalitieS Maternal and cHild
q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH care HealtH interventionS1,2
utiliZation 2005-06 2
contraceptive prevalence 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.085
adult Preventive care2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
2005-06 2
voluntary counseling and
67.4% 74.5% 79.8% 83.7% 94.7% 84.2% 0.055***
testing for Hiv
note:
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources
are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not
reported for the country under analysis.
For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption.
q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest)
ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor
* Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%.
data sources:
1=n/a demographic and Health Survey, 2=2005-06 Serbia Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=n/a World Health Survey.
recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - Serbia. Washington, d.c.: World Bank.
For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth.
Photo credit: un Photo/Flaka Kuqi
27
HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet
TAJIK ISTAN
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors
of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health
care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn
from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living
Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common
set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software.
inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH 2005 2
outcoMeS Stunting 37 .4% 36.1% 37 .1% 28.8% 25.4% 33.1% -0.079***
underweight 20.2% 16.1% 15.1% 11.0% 10.7% 14.8% -0.134***
diarrhea 18.2% 11.6% 13.2% 11.0% 11.8% 13.3% -0.103***
acute respiratory infection 3.6% 5.1% 3.8% 3.4% 3.7% 3.9% -0.038
Fever 10.2% 8.1% 6.2% 6.5% 6.0% 7.5% -0.125***
inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
riSky BeHaVior 2005 2
Mosquito net use by children 2.1% 0.5% 0.6% 1.2% 0.9% 1.1% -0.117
inequalitieS Maternal and cHild
q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH care HealtH interVentionS1,2
utiliZation 2005 2
Full immunization 13.2% 16.4% 24.1% 34.9% 40.0% 25.4% 0.213**
treatment of diarrhea 58.3% 60.3% 55.6% 58.1% 59.7% 58.4% 0.007
contraceptive prevalence
20.7% 22.3% 22.8% 24.9% 26.8% 23.6% 0.055***
among women
note:
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources
are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not
reported for the country under analysis.
For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption.
q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest)
ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor
* Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%.
data sources:
1=n/a demographic and Health Survey, 2=2005 tajikistan Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=n/a World Health Survey.
recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - tajikistan. Washington, d.c.: World Bank.
For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth.
Photo credit: Gennadiy ratushenko
28
HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet
Turk e y
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors
of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health
care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn
from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living
Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common
set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software.
inequalitieS cHild HealtH1a,1b,1c,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH 1993 1a
outcoMeS infant mortality rate 106.7 80.2 72.1 54.5 29.2 72.4 -0.204***
under-five mortality rate 137.7 99.1 88.4 74.0 29.3 91.0 -0.226***
Stunting 40.3% 32.0% 20.7% 11.6% 5.6% 23.8% -0.315***
underweight 18.6% 9.5% 6.9% 4.1% 2.1% 8.9% -0.372***
diarrhea 14.2% 14.6% 13.4% 12.5% 11.8% 13.4% -0.048*
acute respiratory infection 5.0% 5.6% 5.3% 4.1% 3.8% 4.9% -0.064
Fever 38.0% 29.2% 28.2% 26.6% 25.6% 30.0% -0.081***
1998 1b
infant mortality rate 74.4 60.2 50.3 36.7 29.7 52.5 -0.182***
under-five mortality rate 87.5 71.3 58.9 44.4 42.3 63.4 -0.157***
Stunting 31.5% 24.9% 16.8% 10.7% 4.7% 18.8% -0.306***
underweight 14.0% 8.1% 4.8% 3.4% 1.9% 7.0% -0.377***
diarrhea 38.7% 34.1% 32.7% 23.1% 16.9% 30.1% -0.150***
2003 1c
infant mortality rate 67.0 44.1 33.3 24.5 15.4 39.3 -0.257***
under-five mortality rate 91.6 57.5 45.7 27.3 29.7 53.1 -0.243***
Stunting 30.5% 15.5% 12.1% 4.9% 4.6% 14.9% -0.371***
underweight 6.8% 3.4% 2.6% 0.7% 0.7% 3.2% -0.425***
acute respiratory infection 36.8% 33.3% 27 .1% 25.0% 21.1% 29.5% -0.109***
Fever 47 .7% 48.0% 39.8% 33.0% 27.0% 40.3% -0.109***
adult HealtH1a,1b,1c,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
1993 1a
obesity among non-pregnant
12.8% 23.7% 18.8% 21.5% 18.1% 19.1% 0.034
women
1998 1b
obesity among non-pregnant
17.2% 20.9% 21.5% 20.8% 13.9% 19.0% -0.022
women
2003 3
tuberculosis 13.2% 11.8% 9.4% 9.4% 7.1% 10.2% -0.040*
road traffic accident 1.4% 1.2% 1.8% 1.7% 1.7% 1.5% 0.145***
non-road traffic accident 3.3% 2.5% 3.5% 2.2% 2.8% 2.8% 0.037
angina 5.6% 8.8% 6.3% 6.1% 4.2% 6.2% 0.008
arthritis 8.8% 10.3% 7.7% 9.1% 6.7% 8.5% 0.033
asthma 2.8% 5.8% 3.4% 3.3% 4.4% 3.9% 0.106**
depression 4.7% 6.8% 7.0% 9.0% 8.9% 7.3% 0.201***
difficulty with work and
19.2% 14.9% 11.0% 10.3% 8.4% 12.8% -0.110***
household activities
Poor self-assessed health
15.5% 9.8% 7.5% 6.0% 3.9% 8.5% -0.195***
status
2003 1c
obesity among non-pregnant
20.2% 26.6% 23.5% 23.2% 19.5% 22.7% -0.018
women
29
riSk FactorS1a,1b,1c,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
inequalitieS in
2003 3
riSky BeHaVior
Smoking (all) 31.1% 31.0% 32.4% 33.6% 36.2% 32.8% 0.087***
insufficient intake of fruit and
89.1% 83.5% 78.5% 79.8% 73.5% 80.9% -0.018***
vegetables
insufficient physical activity 27.6% 27.1% 27.9% 28.0% 26.6% 27.4% 0.056***
drinking 7.1% 7.9% 9.8% 11.2% 16.6% 10.5% 0.244***
2003 1c
Smoking (women) 17.0% 21.7% 25.2% 29.2% 39.9% 27.5% 0.170***
inequalitieS Maternal and cHild HealtH
q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH care interVentionS1a,1b,1c,2
utiliZation 1993 1a
Full immunization 41.2% 62.8% 68.1% 82.6% 81.8% 65.3% 0.132***
Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 10.0% 22.8% 33.7% 57.1% 76.0% 36.5% 0.357***
Skilled birth attendance 44.1% 71.4% 84.7% 95.4% 99.1% 76.6% 0.150***
1998 1b
Full immunization 29.6% 38.8% 51.3% 59.0% 69.1% 47.9% 0.163***
treatment of diarrhea 22.2% 26.4% 34.4% 27.2% 25.6% 27.0% 0.066**
Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 14.0% 28.8% 45.4% 60.0% 84.1% 43.3% 0.321***
Skilled birth attendance 54.3% 79.5% 89.3% 95.2% 99.4% 81.7% 0.113***
2003 1c
Full immunization 33.0% 55.4% 61.3% 70.8% 73.6% 58.2% 0.149***
Medical treatment of ari 29.4% 43.1% 53.4% 57.3% 62.8% 45.2% 0.160***
Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 16.0% 38.3% 56.9% 69.5% 86.0% 49.6% 0.287***
Skilled birth attendance 59.9% 81.9% 92.0% 96.6% 99.4% 83.9% 0.100***
contraceptive prevalence 50.7% 52.6% 51.6% 55.6% 57.9% 54.3% 0.029***
threshold share of total household consumption
Financial cataStroPHic out-oF-
5% 10% 15% 25% 40%
Protection Pocket SPending
2003 3
Headcount 38.9% 29.6% 22.6% 13.7% 7.4%
concentration index 0.034*** 0.020* 0.022 0.014 0.019
threshold share of nonfood consumption
cataStroPHic out-oF-
5% 10% 15% 25% 40%
Pocket SPending
2003 3
Headcount 45.4% 38.6% 33.4% 24.4% 16.2%
concentration index 0.035*** 0.013 0.011 -0.005 -0.032*
30
Financial iMPoVeriSHMent
Protection Poverty line at uS$1.25 per consumption consumption
change % change
(cont.) capita per day including ooP excluding ooP
2003 3
Percentage in poverty 8.1% 10.5% 2.4 pp 30.2%
average shortfall from the
$0.04 $0.06 $0.01 30.0%
poverty line
average shortfall from the
$0.55 $0.55 $0.00 -0.1%
poverty line, among the poor
Poverty line at uS$2.00 per consumption consumption
change % change
capita per day including ooP excluding ooP
2003 3
Percentage in poverty 18.2% 22.0% 3.8 pp 21.0%
average shortfall from the
$0.14 $0.18 $0.04 26.2%
poverty line
average shortfall from the
$0.78 $0.81 $0.03 4.3%
poverty line, among the poor
note:
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources
are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not
reported for the country under analysis.
For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption.
q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest)
ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor
* Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%.
Poverty lines are at 2005 purchasing power parity, adjusted to current prices using turkey’s consumer price index.
data sources:
1a=1993 turkey demographic and Health Survey, 1b=1998 turkey demographic and Health Survey, 1c=2003 turkey demographic and Health Survey,
2=n/a Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=2003 turkey World Health Survey.
recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - turkey. Washington, d.c.: World Bank.
For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth.
Photo credit: yosef Hadar
31
HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet
Uk raine
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors
of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health
care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn
from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living
Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common
set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software.
inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH 2007 1
outcoMeS infant mortality rate 23.1 17.7 23.1 28.0 9.2 19.3 -0.101
under-five mortality rate 18.7 8.0 26.6 42.7 10.9 20.0 0.055
adult HealtH1,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
2002-03 3
tuberculosis 9.2% 16.1% 9.0% 5.3% 7.0% 9.3% -0.111**
obesity among non-pregnant
4.5% 9.0% 10.9% 13.0% 19.2% 12.1% 0.217***
women
road traffic accident 1.4% 4.0% 1.0% 1.5% 1.3% 1.9% -0.107
non-road traffic accident 8.2% 11.1% 8.8% 6.5% 5.9% 8.1% -0.088*
angina 22.7% 28.3% 20.2% 18.0% 14.1% 20.7% -0.084**
arthritis 21.3% 25.3% 17 .3% 13.4% 12.8% 18.1% -0.117***
asthma 5.1% 5.4% 3.9% 3.8% 2.8% 4.2% -0.118*
depression 4.3% 2.7% 5.7% 2.2% 3.6% 3.7% -0.041
diabetes 3.7% 5.4% 3.8% 1.4% 1.0% 3.0% -0.251***
difficulty with work and
16.6% 21.0% 12.1% 10.9% 5.4% 13.2% -0.180***
household activities
Poor self-assessed health
31.4% 32.9% 22.6% 17.0% 15.4% 23.9% -0.158***
status
inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
riSky BeHaVior 2002-03 3
Smoking (all) 26.0% 23.2% 27.2% 26.0% 25.4% 25.5% 0.016
insufficient intake of fruit and
62.7% 55.3% 52.1% 51.7% 43.8% 53.0% -0.062***
vegetables
insufficient physical activity 10.0% 9.5% 8.7% 6.6% 8.3% 8.6% -0.073
drinking 27.9% 32.1% 36.8% 33.3% 28.8% 31.8% 0.016
2007 1
Smoking (women) 10.2% 8.9% 16.9% 17.4% 19.3% 15.1% 0.144***
concurrent partnerships 13.9% 10.3% 13.8% 21.9% 19.8% 16.3% 0.126***
condom usage (more than
40.4% 46.5% 52.2% 50.2% 54.1% 50.2% 0.033
one partner)
32
inequalitieS Maternal and cHild
q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH care HealtH interVentionS1,2
utilization 2005 2
contraceptive prevalence 52.5% 49.3% 46.9% 41.3% 31.1% 44.2% -0.099***
2007 1
Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 94.6% 97.0% 97.8% 98.7% 98.6% 97.5% 0.008***
Skilled birth attendance 96.9% 98.9% 100.0% 99.6% 99.3% 99.0% 0.005**
contraceptive prevalence 28.0% 34.1% 37.9% 40.3% 45.3% 38.3% 0.083***
adult PreVentiVe care2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
2002-03 3
tB screening 27.5% 39.7% 34.4% 31.1% 34.5% 33.4% 0.016
cervical cancer screening 87.3% 94.3% 93.6% 82.8% 90.7% 89.8% -0.007
Breast cancer screening 33.1% 25.3% 45.4% 38.4% 52.0% 39.3% 0.101**
Voluntary counseling and
82.2% 94.1% 88.0% 90.4% 82.8% 87.4% -0.009
testing for HiV
2005 2
Voluntary counseling and
87.9% 95.0% 88.6% 87.5% 93.2% 90.3% 0.003
testing for HiV
utilization3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
2002-03 3
inpatient or outpatient
54.3% 60.6% 59.3% 61.3% 59.2% 58.9% 0.017
(12 months)
inpatient (12 months) 11.4% 20.3% 16.7% 17.0% 8.5% 14.8% -0.036
inpatient (5 years) 27.4% 37.6% 34.3% 35.7% 25.4% 32.1% -0.006
outpatient (12 months) 45.7% 51.2% 48.0% 51.1% 53.4% 49.9% 0.027
threshold share of total household consumption
Financial cataStroPHic out-oF-
5% 10% 15% 25% 40%
Protection Pocket SPending3
2002-03 3
Headcount 49.3% 34.0% 26.2% 16.6% 11.5%
concentration index 0.033* 0.041 0.082** 0.173*** 0.199***
threshold share of nonfood consumption
cataStroPHic out-oF-
5% 10% 15% 25% 40%
Pocket SPending3
2002-03 3
Headcount 60.6% 51.8% 44.7% 33.1% 24.1%
concentration index 0.017 0.013 0.017 0.001 0.034
33
Financial iMPoVeriSHMent3
Protection Poverty line at uS$1.25 per consumption consumption
change % change
(cont.) capita per day including ooP excluding ooP
2002-03 3
Percentage in poverty 5.0% 6.5% 1.5 pp 29.2%
average shortfall from the
$0.03 $0.03 $0.01 21.0%
poverty line
average shortfall from the
$0.50 $0.47 -$0.03 -6.4%
poverty line, among the poor
Poverty line at uS$2.00 per consumption consumption
change % change
capita per day including ooP excluding ooP
2002-03 3
Percentage in poverty 12.3% 15.7% 3.3 pp 27.2%
average shortfall from the
$0.09 $0.12 $0.02 26.1%
poverty line
average shortfall from the
$0.71 $0.70 -$0.01 -0.9%
poverty line, among the poor
note:
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources
are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not
reported for the country under analysis.
For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption.
q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest)
ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor
* Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%.
Poverty lines are at 2005 purchasing power parity, adjusted to current prices using ukraine’s consumer price index.
data sources:
1=2007 ukraine demographic and Health Survey, 2= 2005 ukraine Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=2002-03 ukraine World Health Survey.
recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - ukraine. Washington, d.c.: World Bank.
For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth.
Photo credit: yuri Mechitov
34
HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet
UZBEK ISTAN
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors
of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health
care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn
from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living
Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common
set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software.
inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH 1996 1
outcoMeS infant mortality rate1 58.5 40.7 38.9 44.1 42.7 45.9 -0.051
under-five mortality rate1 45.7 33.6 50.8 67.7 42.9 47.4 0.060
Stunting1 41.0% 36.1% 39.4% 29.4% 33.5% 36.4% -0.049*
underweight1 20.3% 16.0% 11.4% 12.1% 10.6% 14.8% -0.140***
diarrhea1 3.9% 3.3% 6.3% 5.5% 8.8% 5.2% 0.183**
acute respiratory infection1 0.3% 0.8% 0.6% 1.1% 4.3% 1.2% 0.488***
Fever1 6.2% 7.9% 8.3% 9.6% 10.3% 8.2% 0.083
2006 2
Stunting2 21.9% 21.3% 20.3% 18.1% 14.5% 19.4% -0.072***
underweight2 5.4% 5.2% 4.2% 3.9% 3.3% 4.4% -0.105**
diarrhea2 2.3% 2.7% 2.3% 3.5% 1.8% 2.5% -0.012
acute respiratory infection2 5.2% 4.8% 5.0% 5.6% 6.0% 5.3% 0.020
adult HealtH1,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
1996 1
obesity among non-pregnant
2.8% 4.3% 7.3% 5.8% 7.3% 5.6% 0.164***
women
inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
riSky BeHavior 2006 2
concurrent partnerships 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.2% 2.0% 0.5% 0.699***
inequalitieS Maternal and cHild
q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
in HealtH care HealtH interventionS1,2
utiliZation 1996 1
Full immunization 83.0% 76.5% 82.4% 77.2% 75.7% 79.6% -0.019
Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 81.6% 85.4% 84.5% 88.0% 85.1% 84.7% 0.015*
Skilled birth attendance 91.2% 100.0% 99.0% 99.3% 100.0% 97.4% 0.019***
2006 2
contraceptive prevalence
45.0% 43.5% 43.5% 42.1% 40.3% 42.8% -0.020***
among women
adult Preventive care2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci
2006 2
voluntary counseling and
90.9% 89.2% 91.8% 93.1% 94.3% 92.2% 0.010***
testing for Hiv
35
note:
the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources
are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not
reported for the country under analysis.
For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption.
q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest)
ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor
* Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%.
data sources:
1=1996 uzbekistan demographic and Health Survey, 2=2006 uzbekistan Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=n/a World Health Survey.
recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - uzbekistan. Washington, d.c.: World Bank.
For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth.
Photo credit: curt carnemark, 1994
36
I nterpre tatIon of results
InequalItIes In health outcomes, rIsky behavIor and health care utIlIzatIon
the tables in this section show how health outcomes, risky behaviors and health care utilization vary across asset (wealth) quintiles and
periods. the quintiles are based on an asset index constructed using principal components analysis. the tables show the mean values of
the indicator for each quintile, as well as for the sample as a whole. also shown are the concentration indices which capture the direction
and degree of inequality. a negative value indicates that the variable (e.g. stunting or skilled birth attendance) is more concentrated among
the poor, while a positive value indicates that the variable is concentrated among the better off. the larger the index in absolute size, the
more inequality there is. the statistical significance of the concentration index is also shown, at 1% (***), 5% (**) and 10% (*) significance
levels. For example, if stunting has a concentration index of -0.121***, then stunting is significantly concentrated among the poor.
beneFIt-IncIdence analysIs
benefit-incidence analysis (bIa) shows whether, and by how much, government health expenditure disproportionately benefits the
poor. there are three tables showing, respectively, the distribution of service utilization across consumption quintiles for different types
of care, the distribution of user fees, and the distribution of the estimated subsidies. all tables also show the concentration indices
which capture the direction and degree of inequality. a negative value indicates that the variable (i.e. utilization, fees or subsidies) is
more concentrated among the poor, while a positive value indicates that the variable is concentrated among the better off. the larger
the index in absolute size, the greater is the inequality. For example, if the concentration index of subsidies to hospitals is positive, the
non-poor benefit more than the poor from government spending on hospital services.
the distribution of subsidies depends on the assumptions made to allocate subsidies to households. under the constant unit cost
assumption, each unit of utilization is assumed to cost the same and is equal to total costs incurred in delivering this type of service (i.e.
subsidies plus user fees) divided by the number of units of utilization. under the constant unit subsidy assumption, the unit subsidy is
assumed to be constant, equal to total subsidies for the service in question divided by the number of units of utilization of that service.
under the proportional cost assumption, higher fees are indicative of a more costly type of care; specifically, it is assumed that unit
costs and fees are proportional to one another. If the concentration index is negative, then the subsidy to the particular level of care is
pro-poor and if the concentration index is positive, then the subsidy is pro-rich. the column labeled “share�? shows the distribution of
the total subsidy across different levels of care.
FInancIal protectIon: catastrophIc and ImpoverIshIng expendIture
measures of financial protection relate out-of-pocket spending to a threshold. one approach is to classify spending as ‘catastrophic’ if it
exceeds a certain fraction of household income or consumption or nonfood consumption. catastrophic payments are defined as health
care payments in excess of a predetermined percentage (i.e. 5% to 40%) of their total household spending or nonfood spending. the
first line of the first table shows the catastrophic payment “headcount�?, i.e. the proportion of households with a health payment budget
share greater than the given threshold. For example, if the “headcount�? figure given in the last column of the first table is 6%, then 6%
of households spend more than 40% of their pre-payment income on health payments. the concentration indices in the second line
of each table show whether there is a greater tendency for the better off to have out-of-pocket spending in excess of the payment
threshold (in which case it takes on a positive value), or whether the poor are more likely to have out-of-pocket spending exceeding the
threshold (in which case it takes on a negative value).
another approach is to classify health spending as ‘impoverishing’ if it is sufficiently large to make the household cross the poverty line,
i.e. the household would not have been poor had it been able to use for general consumption the money it was forced to spend on
health care. the extent of impoverishment due to health care expenditure is measured by comparing the extent of poverty computed
using household consumption gross and net of out-of-pocket health spending. the table shows three measures of poverty. the first
line of the table shows the percentage of the population living below the poverty line, i.e. the poverty “headcount�?. the second line
shows the population’s average shortfall from the poverty line, i.e. the “normalized poverty gap�?; the normalization is useful when
making comparisons across countries with different poverty lines and currency units. Finally, the last line shows the average shortfall
from the poverty line, among those who are poor, i.e. the normalized mean positive poverty gap. the last column shows the percentage
increase in poverty, the percentage increase in the average shortfall from the poverty line and the percentage increase in the average
shortfall from the poverty line among the poor due to out-of-pocket health spending, respectively.
progressIvIty oF health FInancIng
the table in this section reports whether overall health financing, as well as the individual sources of finance, is regressive (i.e. a poor
household contributes a larger share of its resources than a rich one), progressive (i.e. a poor household contributes a smaller share of its
resources than a rich one) or proportional. the 1st through 5th columns show the distribution of consumption and different sources of health
care financing. the 6th column shows the summary measures of inequality; in the case of consumption, this is the gini coefficient and
in the case of other sources of financing it is the concentration index. In the 7th column, the kakwani index (defined as the concentration
index less the gini coefficient) takes on a positive value, then payments are more concentrated among the better off than consumption,
and is a sign that payments are progressive. If the kakwani index is negative, then payments are regressive. the last column shows the
contribution of each financing source to total health care financing (obtained from national health accounts data).
For more guIdance on InterpretatIon oF results, see:
o’donnell, o., e. van doorslaer, a. Wagstaff and m. lindelow. (2008). analyzing health equity using household survey data: a guide to
techniques and their implementation. Washington, d.c.: World bank.
Wagstaff, a., m. bilger, z. sajaia and m. lokshin. (2011). health equity and financial protection: streamlined analysis with adept software.
Washington, d.c.: World bank.
Me asureMent of In dIcators
IndIcator MeasureMent data
chIld health
number of deaths among children under 12 months of age per 1,000 live births (note: mortality
Infant mortality rate rate calculated using the true cohort life table approach; the dhs reports use the synthetic cohort dhs
life table approach)
number of deaths among children under 5 years of age per 1,000 live births (note: mortality rate
under-five mortality rate calculated using the true cohort life table approach; the dhs reports use the synthetic cohort life dhs
table approach)
% of children with a height-for-age z-score <-2 standard deviations from the reference median
stunting dhs, MIcs
(note: z-score calculated using Who 2006 child Growth standards)
% of children with a weight-for-age z-score <-2 standard deviations from the reference median
underweight dhs, MIcs
(note: z-score calculated using Who 2006 child Growth standards)
diarrhea % of children with diarrhea (past two weeks) dhs, MIcs
diarrhea % of children with diarrhea (past two weeks; youngest child) Whs
acute respiratory infection % of children with an episode of coughing and rapid breathing (past two weeks) dhs, MIcs
acute respiratory infection % of children with an episode of coughing and rapid breathing (past two weeks; youngest child) Whs
Fever % of children with fever (past two weeks) dhs, MIcs
Fever % of children with fever (past two weeks; youngest child) Whs
Malaria % of children with an episode of malaria (past year; youngest child) Whs
adult health
tuberculosis % of adults who reported tuberculosis symptoms (past year) Whs
obesity among non-pregnant women % of women aged 15 to 49 with a BMI above 30 dhs
obesity among all women % of women aged 18 to 49 with a BMI above 30 Whs
road traffic accident % of adults involved in a road traffic accident with bodily injury (past year) Whs
% of adults who suffered bodily injury that limited everyday activities, due to a fall, burn, poisoning,
non-road traffic accident Whs
submersion in water, or by an act of violence (past year)
angina % of adults ever diagnosed with angina or angina pectoris Whs
arthritis % of adults ever diagnosed with arthritis Whs
asthma % of adults ever diagnosed with asthma Whs
depression % of adults ever diagnosed with depression Whs
diabetes % of adults ever diagnosed with diabetes Whs
difficulty with work and household % of adults who have severe or extreme difficulties with work or household activities (past 30 days)
Whs
activities (note: this indicator was created from an ordinal variable with five categories)
% of adults who rate own health as bad or very bad (note: this indicator was created from an
Poor self-assessed health status Whs
ordinal variable with five categories)
hIV Positive Percentage of adults aged 15 to 49 whose blood tests are positive for hIV 1 or hIV 2. dhs
rIsk Factors
smoking (all) % of adults who smoke any tobacco products such as cigarettes, cigars or pipes Whs
smoking (women) % of women aged 15 to 49 who smoke cigarettes, pipe or other tobacco dhs
smoking (women) % of women aged 18 to 49 who smoke cigarettes, pipe or other tobacco Whs
Insufficient intake of fruit and vegetables % of adults who have insufficient intake of fruit/vegetables (less than 5 servings) Whs
Insufficient physical activity % of adults who spend < 150 minutes on walking/ moderate activity/vigorous activity (past week) Whs
drinking % of adults who consume ≥5 standard drinks on at least one day (past week) Whs
concurrent partnerships % of women aged 15 to 49 who had sexual intercourse with more than one partner (past year) dhs, MIcs
concurrent partnerships % of women aged 18 to 49 who had sexual intercourse with more than one partner (past year) Whs
% of women aged 15 to 49 who had more than one partner in the past year and used a condom
condom usage (more than one partner) dhs, MIcs
during last sexual intercourse
% of women aged 18 to 49 who had more than one partner in the past year and used a condom
condom usage (more than one partner) Whs
during last sexual intercourse
Mosquito net use by children % of children who slept under an (ever) insecticide treated bed net (Itn) (past night) dhs, MIcs
% of pregnant women aged 15 to 49 who slept under an (ever) insecticide treated bed net (Itn)
Mosquito net use by pregnant women dhs
(past night)
Maternal and chIld health InterVentIons
% of children aged 12-23 months who received BcG, measles, and three doses of polio and dPt,
Full immunization dhs, MIcs
either verified by card or by recall of respondent
treatment of diarrhea % of children with diarrhea given oral rehydration salts (ors) or home-made solution dhs, MIcs
% of children with a cough and rapid breathing who sought medical treatment for acute respiratory
Medical treatment of arI dhs, MIcs
infection (past 2 weeks)
% of mothers aged 15 to 49 who received at least 4 antenatal care visits from any skilled personnel
skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) dhs
(doctor, nurse/midwife, auxiliary midwife, feldsher, family nurse, trained birth attendant)
skilled birth attendance % of mothers aged 15 to 49 that were attended by any skilled personnel at child’s birth dhs
contraceptive prevalence % of women aged 15 to 49 who currently use a modern method of contraception dhs, MIcs
adult PreVentIVe care
tB screening % of adults who were tested for tuberculosis (past year) Whs
Voluntary counseling and testing for hIV % of women aged 18 to 49 who were tested for hIV and were told the results of the test Whs,MIcs
cervical cancer screening % of women aged 18 to 69 who received a pap smear during last pelvic examination (past 3 years) Whs
Breast cancer screening % of women aged 40 to 69 who received a mammogram (past 3 years) Whs
adult curatIVe care
Inpatient or outpatient (12 months) % of adults who used any inpatient or outpatient health care (past year) Whs
Inpatient (12 months) % of adults who used any inpatient health care (past year) Whs
Inpatient (5 years) % of adults who used any inpatient health care (past 5 years) Whs
% of adults who used any outpatient health care (past year; conditional on having not used any
outpatient (12 months) Whs
inpatient care past 5 years)
note: unless otherwise noted, all children are under the age of 5 and all adults are aged 18 and older
About the Health Equity and Financial Protection datasheets
The Health Equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the
health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. Topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes,
health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity
of health care financing. Data are drawn from the Demographic and Health Surveys, World Health Surveys,
Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, Living Standards and Measurement Surveys, as well as other household
surveys, and use a common set of health indicators for all countries in the series. All analyses are conducted
using the health modules of the ADePT software. Also available are Health Equity and Financial Protection
country reports.
The most recent versions of the Health Equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets can be downloaded
at www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth.