QUANG BINH PROVINCE PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE QUANG BINH PROVINCIAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR INVESTMENT AND CONSTRUCTION IN AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT *************** FINAL REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT SUBPROJECT: DAM REHABILITATION AND SAFETY IMPROVEMENT FOR QUANG BINH PROVINCE RESERVOIRS (SUBPROJECT YEAR 2) PROJECT: DAM REHABILITATION AND SAFETY IMPROVEMENT (WB8), QUANG BINH PROVINCE QUANG BINH, August 2021 QUANG BINH PROVINCE PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE QUANG BINH PROVINCIAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR INVESTMENT AND CONSTRUCTION IN AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT *************** FINAL REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT SUBPROJECT: DAM REHABILITATION AND SAFETY IMPROVEMENT FOR QUANG BINH PROVINCE RESERVOIRS (SUBPROJECT YEAR 2) PROJECT: DAM REHABILITATION AND SAFETY IMPROVEMENT (WB8), QUANG BINH PROVINCE REPRESENTATIVE OF INVESTMENT REPRESENTATIVE OF CONSULTANT OWNER FIRM QUANG BINH WB8 PPMU INSTITUTE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE QUANG BINH, August 2021 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................ i LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. vii ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................. viii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................ 1 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 8 1.1. Project name ............................................................................................................... 8 1.2. Project aim .................................................................................................................. 8 1.3. Project management agencies..................................................................................... 8 1.4. Project description ...................................................................................................... 8 1.5. Project location ........................................................................................................... 8 1.6. Management and executive agencies ......................................................................... 9 1.7. Execution schedule ................................................................................................... 10 1.8. Project components .................................................................................................. 10 1.9. Approaches and methodology for environmental and social impact assessments ... 10 1.9.1. Impact assessment process ............................................................................. 11 1.9.2. Methodologies ................................................................................................ 11 1.10. ESIA report executional arrangement .................................................................... 13 CHAPTER 2. SUBPROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................. 16 2.1. Introduction to the subproject ................................................................................... 16 2.1.1. Subproject name ............................................................................................. 16 2.1.2. Subproject objectives ..................................................................................... 16 2.1.3. Investment owner ........................................................................................... 16 2.1.4. Subproject location ......................................................................................... 16 2.1.5. Total investment ............................................................................................. 18 2.2. Main works of the subproject ................................................................................... 19 2.2.1. Current status of works .................................................................................. 19 2.2.2. Main works of the subproject ......................................................................... 23 2.3. Resources in use and wastes ..................................................................................... 31 2.3.1. Volumes of excavation and filling, materials, and disposal wastes ............... 31 2.3.2. Transportation vehicles and construction machines ....................................... 32 2.4. Supporting works...................................................................................................... 35 2.5. Pre-construction works............................................................................................... 44 2.6. Material transportation plan ..................................................................................... 44 2.7. Operation and maintenance ...................................................................................... 45 2.8. Dam Safety Plan ....................................................................................................... 47 2.9. Execution progress ................................................................................................... 49 CHAPTER 3. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORKS ............... 8 3.1. Compliance in environmental and social assessment ................................................. 8 3.2. National environmental and social safeguard policies and legislations ..................... 8 3.2.1. Policies and regulations on the environment ................................................ 8 3.2.2. Legislative documents related to compensation, assistance when the Government acquires land and assets on land ............................................................ 9 3.2.3. Policies and regulations related to construction management of investment projects 10 3.2.4. National policies on dam safety .................................................................. 10 3.2.5. Gender policies ........................................................................................... 10 3.2.6. Policies on ethnic minority development.................................................... 11 3.2.7. Policies on battling hunger and poverty ..................................................... 13 3.2.8. Documents related to subproject development ........................................... 13 i ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 3.2.9. Other documents ......................................................................................... 13 3.2.10. Standards and technical regulations of Vietnam related to environmental protection .................................................................................................................. 14 3.3. Safeguard policies of World Bank ........................................................................... 15 3.3.1. Safeguard policies triggered for the Project ............................................... 15 3.3.1. Safeguard policies triggered for the Subproject ............................................. 15 3.3.2. Other regulations......................................................................................... 17 CHAPTER 4. NATURAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC FEATURES OF THE PROJECT AREAS 23 4.1. Baseline environmental conditions........................................................................... 23 4.1.1. Natural environment ....................................................................................... 23 4.1.2. Current conditions of natural environment .................................................... 39 Field soil near the dam foot ............................................................................................. 48 4.1.3. Biodiversity .................................................................................................... 49 4.2. Socioeconomic and cultural environment ................................................................ 50 4.2.1. General features on the affected areas ............................................................ 50 4.2.1. Population .............................................................................................................. 52 4.2.2. Socioeconomic features ......................................................................................... 54 4.2.3. Culture - Society .................................................................................................... 57 4.2.4. Healthcare .............................................................................................................. 59 4.2.5. Education ............................................................................................................... 61 4.2.6. Infrastructures ........................................................................................................ 61 4.2.7. Energy and fuel uses, and living convenient ......................................................... 63 4.2.8. Land use................................................................................................................. 65 4.2.9. Cultural heritages and important infrastructures ................................................... 68 4.2.10. Ethnic minority people ........................................................................................ 69 4.2.11. Gender ................................................................................................................. 69 CHAPTER 5. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS ................ ..................................................................................................................... 74 5.1. Assessing past impacts ............................................................................................. 77 5.2. Positive impacts on the environment and society..................................................... 79 5.2.1. Impacts on the society .................................................................................... 79 5.2.2. Impacts on the environment ........................................................................... 79 5.3. Potential adverse environmental and social impacts of the subproject .................... 80 5.3.1. Site-specific impacts of the subproject on the social and natural environment 80 5.3.2. General impacts during subproject execution on the social and natural environment .............................................................................................................. 80 A. Impacts during preparation phase ....................................................................... 80 B. Impacts during construction phase of the subproject ......................................... 87 C. Environmental and social impacts in operation phase...................................... 112 5.4. Impact type analyses............................................................................................... 114 5.4.1. Accumulative impacts .................................................................................. 114 5.4.2. Direct impacts .............................................................................................. 114 5.4.3. Indirect impacts ............................................................................................ 114 5.4.4. Short-term impacts ....................................................................................... 114 5.4.5. Long-term impacts ....................................................................................... 114 CHAPTER 6. ALTERNATIVE ANALYSES ................................................................. 116 6.1. No subproject scenario ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.2. Subproject scenario ................................................................................................ 118 CHAPTER 7. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN (ESMP) ...... 120 ii ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 7.1. Objectives ............................................................................................................... 120 7.2. Mitigation measures ............................................................................................... 120 7.2.1. Mitigation measures in the preparation phase .......................................... 120 7.2.2. Mitigation measures for the construction phase ....................................... 123 7.2.3. Mitigations for impacts in operation phase ............................................... 148 7.3. Other mitigation measures ...................................................................................... 149 7.4. Implementation arrangement .................................................................................. 149 7.4.1. Project management .................................................................................. 149 7.4.2. Roles and responsibilities in environmental and social safeguard management ........................................................................................................... 150 7.4.3. Environmental compliance framework ..................................................... 153 7.5. Grievance redress mechanism ................................................................................ 156 7.5.1. World Bank requirement .......................................................................... 156 7.5.2. IFC’s approach to grievance redress mechanism...................................... 156 7.5.3. Grievance redress mechanism of the Government of Vietnam ................ 157 7.5.4. Grievance redress mechanism by PPMU.................................................. 159 7.5.5. World Bank’s grievance redress mechanism ............................................ 159 7.6. ESIA implementation plan ..................................................................................... 160 7.6.1. ESIA implementation plan for contractors ............................................... 160 7.6.2. Subproject commencement and staffing ................................................... 160 7.7. Capacity training .................................................................................................... 161 7.7.1. Existing capacity ....................................................................................... 161 7.7.2. Capacity training ....................................................................................... 162 7.8. Environmental monitoring plan .............................................................................. 164 7.8.1. Compliance monitoring ............................................................................ 164 7.8.2. Ambient environment monitoring ............................................................ 165 7.8.3. Dam safety monitoring ................................................................................. 169 7.9. Cost estimation ....................................................................................................... 169 8. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ......................... 178 8.1. Objectives of Public Information and Consultation ............................................... 178 8.2. Approach and implementation activities ................................................................ 178 8.3. Consultation activities and results .......................................................................... 179 8.3.1. Public consultation during ESIA preparation ............................................... 179 8.3.2. Summary on public consultation meetings with affected communities ......... .................................................................................................................. 180 8.4. Results of phase 1 consultation .............................................................................. 181 8.4.1. Feedbacks from People’s Committees and project affected units ............ 181 8.4.2. Feedbacks from representatives of local people directly affected by the subproject ............................................................................................................... 184 8.5. Results of phase 2 consultation .............................................................................. 187 8.6. Information disclosure ............................................................................................ 188 8.7. Commitments of Investment owner ....................................................................... 188 CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND COMMITMENTS ................................ 189 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 192 APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................ 193 APPENDIX 1: COST ESTIMATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL TREATMENT SYSTEMS ..................................................................................................................... 194 APPENDIX 2: ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MONITORING COSTS................. 195 APPENDIX 3: CONSULTATION MEMORANDUMS .............................................. 199 APPENDIX 4: FIELD STUDY AND CONSULTATION PHOTOGRAPHS ................... ................................................................................................................................ 200 APPENDIX 5: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LOCATIONS ......................... 207 iii ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) APPENDIX 6: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING RESULTS .............................. 216 iv ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1 List of executive personnel ...................................................................................... 14 Table 2- 1: Subproject works.................................................................................................... 17 Table 2- 2: Geographical coordination of the subproject works .............................................. 18 Table 2- 3. Relations of subproject areas to the surrounding ................................................... 20 Table 2-4: Rehabilitation and upgrade scale of the subproject ................................................ 23 Table 2- 6: List of vehicles and machines ................................................................................ 33 Table 2- 7: Transportation routes and travelling distances ...................................................... 37 Table 3- 1: World Bank’s safeguard policies triggered ............................................................ 15 Table 3- 2: Summary on environmental impact assessment procedure of World Bank and the Government of Vietnam ........................................................................................................... 17 Table 4- 1: Features of hydrological and flows in the subproject areas ................................... 38 Table 4- 2: Surveying locations for air environment and noise level ....................................... 39 Table 4- 3: Surveying locations for surface water quality........................................................ 43 Table 4- 4: Surveying locations for underground water ........................................................... 45 Table 4- 5: Surveying locations for soil environment .............................................................. 47 Table 4- 6: Featuring floras and faunas in the subproject areas ............................................... 50 Table 4- 7: Demographic features of the subproject areas ....................................................... 52 Table 4- 8: Household size ....................................................................................................... 53 Table 4- 9: Economic sectors of the subproject areas .............................................................. 54 Table 4- 10: Main occupation of surveyed population ............................................................. 55 Table 4- 11: Proportion of age of main workers ...................................................................... 56 Table 4- 12: Household incomes .............................................................................................. 56 Table 4- 13: Number of people receiving healthcare services in the subproject areas in 2016 59 Table 4- 14: Popular health issues ............................................................................................ 60 Table 4- 15: Healthcare places used by respondents ................................................................ 60 Table 4- 16: Assessments on public services in the last 5 years .............................................. 62 Table 4- 17: Fuels for cooking ................................................................................................. 63 Table 4- 18: Convenient applicants in surveyed households ................................................... 63 Table 4- 19: Sources of domestic water ................................................................................... 64 Table 4- 20: Use of toilets in the subproject areas ................................................................... 64 Table 4- 21: Land use in subproject communes ....................................................................... 65 Table 4- 22: Productive areas in winter-spring seasons and summer-autumn season in the subproject areas ........................................................................................................................ 65 Table 4- 23: Land use right certificate status ........................................................................... 67 Table 4- 24: Owner of Land use right certificate ..................................................................... 68 Table 4- 25: Population by gender of the subproject communes ............................................. 70 Table 4- 26: Participation in household activities .................................................................... 70 Table 4- 27: Public understanding of HIV/AIDS ..................................................................... 71 Table 4- 28: Respondent’s understanding on HIV/AIDS tranmission ..................................... 72 Table 4- 29: Respondent’s answers on HIV / AIDS prevention .............................................. 72 Table 4- 30: Participation in community activities .................................................................. 73 Table 5-1: Subproject affected and beneficiary areas .............................................................. 74 Table 5-2: Parameters for determining magnitude ................................................................... 76 Table 5-3: Sources, impact receiver, and scope of impact in preparation phase ...................... 80 Table 5-4: Summary of land acquisition impacts ..................................................................... 83 Table 5-5: Number of HH being affected on land .................................................................... 86 Table 5-6: HH’s land loss percentage....................................................................................... 86 Table 5-7: Sources, impact receiver, and scope of impact During the construction phase ...... 87 Table 5-8: Total amount of excavation and filling of subproject works .................................. 90 Table 5-9: The amount of dust from excavation and filling processes .................................... 91 Table 5-10: Emission level of diesel vehicles .......................................................................... 92 v ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Table 5-11: Input factors of material transportation process .................................................... 92 Table 5-12: Amount of pollutants from transportation vehicles .............................................. 93 Table 5-13: Emission rate rate of some construction machine ................................................. 93 Table 5-14: Fuel use rate of some construction machine ......................................................... 94 Table 5-15: Maximum emission of construction machines (kg/day) ....................................... 97 Table 5-16: Impacts of air pollutants........................................................................................ 97 Table 5-17: Amount of wastewater .......................................................................................... 98 Table 5-18: Standard amount of pollutant in domestic wastewater ......................................... 99 Table 5-19: Amount of pollutant in domestic wastewater by construction workers ................ 99 Table 5-20: Amount and concentration of pollutant in construction wastewater................... 100 Table 5-21: Amount of runoff water ...................................................................................... 101 Table 5-22: Estimated amounts of pollutants in runoff water ................................................ 101 Table 5-23: Estimated amount of waste soil/rock from construction process of the subproject ................................................................................................................................................ 102 Table 5-24: Amount of domestic solid waste ......................................................................... 103 Table 5-25: Contents of domestic solid wastes ...................................................................... 103 Table 5-26: Amount of pollutants in domestic solid waste .................................................... 104 Table 5-27: Noise from construction machines ...................................................................... 106 Table 5-28: Calculated noise levels of construction machines by distance ........................... 107 Table 5-29: Impact of noise on human by intensity and period ............................................. 108 Table 7.1 Cost estimation for compensation, assistance and resettlement ............................. 122 Table 7-2 Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOP) for Addressing Generic Construction- Related Impacts ...................................................................................................................... 124 ................................................................................................................................................ 150 Table 7-5: Report procedure ................................................................................................... 155 Table 7-5: Capacity training programs ................................................................................... 162 Table 7-7: Environmental monitoring program during construction phase ........................... 165 Table 7-8: Monitoring locations during the construction phase ............................................. 165 Table 7-9: Cost estimation for ESIA monitoring programs and capacity training................. 169 Table 7-10: Financial sources for ESIA implementation ....................................................... 169 Table 7-11 Summary Environmental and Social Management Plan ...................................... 170 Table 8-1: Number of participants consulted ......................................................................... 179 Table 8-2: Feedbacks and recommendation of People’s Committees, Fatherland Front Committees of 07 subproject communes ............................................................................... 181 Table 8-3: Feedbacks from representatives of local people in 07 subproject communes ...... 184 Table 8-4: Consultation meetings phase 2 at 07 subproject communes ................................. 187 vi ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1 Impact assessment process ..................................................................................... 11 Figure 2- 1: Location of subproject reservoirs ......................................................................... 18 Figure 4- 1: Location of the subproject districts ...................................................................... 23 Figure 4- 2: Monthly average temperature of Quang Binh province (2006 ÷ 2016) ............... 31 Figure 4- 3: Amount of sun hours per month at Dong Hoi station (2006 ÷ 2016) ................... 32 Figure 4- 4: Average monthly humidity at Dong Hoi station (2006 ÷ 2016) ........................... 32 Figure 4- 5: Monthly average precipitation in Quang Binh province (2006 ÷ 2016) .............. 33 Figure 4- 6: Average monthly evaporation at Dong Hoi station (2006 ÷ 2016) ...................... 34 Figure 4- 7: Monthly average wind speed at Dong Hoi station (2006 ÷ 2016) ........................ 34 Figure 4- 8: Total suspended particle recorded at the dam top of subproject reservoirs .......... 42 Figure 4- 9: Concentration of SO2 at the dam top recorded at the dam top of subproject reservoirs .................................................................................................................................. 42 Figure 4- 10: Hardness CaCO3 of the underground water in the subproject reservoirs ........... 47 Figure 4- 11: Concentration of Cu in the sampled soil ............................................................ 49 Figure 4- 12: Population of the subproject communes ............................................................. 53 Figure 4- 13: Proportion of economic sectors in subproject communes .................................. 55 Figure 4- 14: Incomes of surveyed households ........................................................................ 57 Figure 4- 15: Number of people receiving healthcare services in the subproject areas in 2016 .................................................................................................................................................. 60 Figure 4- 16: Paddy productive areas in winter-spring season and summer-autumn season in the subproject areas (2017) ............................................................................................................. 66 Figure 7-2: Implementation arrangement of safeguard policies ............................................. 151 vii ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) ABBREVIATIONS AP - Affected person CPO - Central Project Office DARD - Department of Agriculture and Rural Development DMS - Detailed Measurement Survey DPC - District People’s Committee DRC - District Resettlement Committee EMPF - Ethnic Minority Policy Framework EMDP - Ethnic Minority Development Plan ESMF - Environmental and Social Management Framework GOV - Government of Vietnam HH - Households IOL - Inventory of Losses RAP - Resettlement Action Plan LAR - Land Acquisition and Resettlement LURC - Land Use Right Certificate MOF - Ministry of Finance MOLISA - Ministry of Labor, Invalid, and Social Affairs NGO - Non-Governmental Organization OP - Operational Policy PAD - Project Appraisal Document PPC - Provincial People’s Committee PPMU - Provincial Project Management Unit PRA - Participatory Rapid Assessment RPF - Resettlement Policy Framework TOR - Terms of Reference USD - United States Dollar VND - Vietnam Dong WB - World Bank viii ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. The subproject “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement (DRSIP/WB8)â€?, sponsored by World Bank, was approved by the Prime Minister for the Project: Dam rehabilitation and safety improvement by Decision number 1858/QD-TTg dated 02/11/2015 and has Feasibility Study Report approved by Minister of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development by Decision number 4638/QD-BNN-HTQT dated 09/11/2015. Therefore, the subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) is executed for 09 reservoirs, located in 07 communes, with implementation period of 4 years (from 2019 to 2022). The subproject works include: (1) Thanh Son reservoir - Thai Thuy commune - Le Thuy district; (2) Vung Mo reservoir - Thai Thuy commune - Le Thuy district; (3) Dap Lang reservoir - My Thuy commune - Le Thuy district; (4) Dong Suon reservoir- Hung Trach commune - Bo Trach district; (5) Long Dai reservoir - Hien Ninh commune - Quang Ninh district; (6) Thach Truong reservoir - Quang Lien commune - Quang Trach district; (7) Dong Vat reservoir - Quang Phuong commune - Quang Trach district; (8) Cay Bom reservoir - Quang Hop commune - Quang Trach district; (9) Buoi Roi reservoir - Quang Hop commune - Quang Trach district; 2. Current conditions of the reservoirs: The reservoirs in the subproject “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2)â€? were constructed between 1964 and 1996 using the general budget of the Government or the contribution of local people. After over 20 years of exploitation, the reservoir systems: Thanh Son, Vung Mo, Dap Lang (Le Thuy district); Dong Suon (Bo Trach district); cac Thach Truong reservoir, Dong Vat, Cay Bom, Buoi Roi (Quang Trach district) and Long Dai reservoir (Quang Ninh district) have degraded severely. Specifically: - Earth dam: Most of the dams are penetrated by water as the dam quality was low (penetration constant K ≈10-4). Dam bases are untreated soil that absorb water strongly. Especially, some dams, such as Dap Lang and Dong Suon reservoirs have dam base weak and untreated. The dam top is narrowed (from 3-4m) and dam top is made of soil. The dam tops are serve as rural road and currently degraded; There are several holes on dam tops in rain season. - Upstream dam face: In 9 subproject reservoirs, only Thanh Son reservoir has consolidated upstream dam face that is currently in good condition. Other reservoirs have upstream face severely eroded and requires rehabilitation. - Downstream dam faces are protected with grass. Most of the reservoirs do not have water drainage on dam face; Only Thanh Son and Long Dai reservoirs have water drainages on downstream dam face but these systems are currently broken; No water slits along dam face; Several sections are penetrated by water; Dam faces are eroded in small scale; 1 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - Spillway: In 9 subproject reservoirs, only Thanh Son reservoir has functioning spillway and has a backup spillway; Other spillways are all stone or concrete spillways that have been degraded and need rebuilt, or spillways on natural grounds that have been weathered. Temporary spillways have eroded lines since the spillway faces have not been consolidated. - Intakes: Most of the intakes are made of steel-reinforced concrete but have been degraded. Intake connectors have leaks; concrete component of the intakes are degraded; access bridge to the intakes are deteriorated; operating components are hard to function. Only Dap Lang and Dong Suon reservoirs have intakes in good condition. - Construction, management and evacuation roads: The roads are all soil roads that have been degraded and hinder the transportation activities. They require consolidation to ensure long-term use; Road bases are on stable hilly regions that can easily be upgraded. 3. Main contents of the subproject: Subproject “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement (WB8), Quang Binh provinceâ€? (Year 2 Project) is executed with the aid from World Bank, with Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development as managerial agency. The main contents of this subproject are to rehabilitate and upgrade the head works to ensure work safety of 09 reservoirs in Quang Binh province, including the main works as follows: - Rehabilitating and upgrading the headworks of reservoirs in compliances with requirements of reservoir safety – calculation to test construction stability of applicable standards such as QCXDVN 04-05-2012 and other applicable technical standards; - Spillways: Repairing and expanding spillway for reservoirs with broken spillways (Long Dai, Thach Truong, Buoi Roi) and construct new spillways for reservoirs with temporary spillways (Vung Mo, Dap Lang, Dong Suon, Cay Bom); - Intakes: repairing and upgrading intakes for 3 broken intakes (valve door of Thanh Son reservoir, valve house of Cay Bom reservoir, and valve door of Buoi Roi reservoir) and reconstructing 04 severely broken intakes (Vung Mo, Long Dai, Thach Truong, Dong Vat); Intakes of Dap Lang reservoir and Dong Suon reservoir are recently repaired. - Management and construction roads: Consolidating the construction and management/evacuation roads to facilitate construction works and evacuation activities; 4. Environmental and social screening and impact assessment: The screening identifies the consequence of the proposed subprojects in broader sense without having very much detailed investigation. Critical issues are also identified through the screening which needs detailed investigation during the impact assessment. Based on the extent of environmental and social impact obtained from the screening result, the decision for further environment and social impact assessment will be taken. 5. Screening results: Eligible and technical screenings were conducted for all 09 reservoirs included in the subproject. These reservoirs all ensure that there is no adverse social and environmental impacts that cannot be adequately mitigated by project or that are prohibited by the national legislation, or a World Bank policy, or by international conventions. Screening results indicate that the subproject belongs to Category B and triggers 04 safeguard policies: OP/BP 4.01 Environmental impact; OP/BP 4.09 Pest Management; OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement; and OP/BP 4.37 Dam Safety. 2 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 6. Main environmental – social impacts and mitigation measures Positive impacts: The investment in rehabilitation and reparation of 09 reservoirs in the subproject “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement (WB8), Quang Binh provinceâ€? aims to rehabilitate and repair the degraded works of reservoir systems, to improve dam safety and ensure long-term stability, to reduce risks of incidents to downstream area, to facilitate work’s duties and improve work’s efficiency, contribute to sustainably develop local water resources. Adverse impacts: The execution of this subproject will have some potential adverse impacts and risks regarding natural and social environment, especially in the preparation and construction phases. Specifically: (i) Pre-construction phase: • Geological survey: Potential risks of environmental pollution to soil and underground water due to drilling and handling of survey holes. These impacts are only limited to the drilled holes, and during a very short period of time. • Unexploded ordnance clearance: All the subproject areas have to be checked for unexploded ordnance for work safety. The UXO clearance activities will only affect the subproject construction areas. The potential impacts of this process include fire and explosion due to unexploded ordnance, which directly affect clearance workers, local ecosystem, and local people. • Land clearance for construction: Vegetation and structures in the construction sites will be cleared to facilitate construction works. This activity will produce solid wastes (mainly vegetation organic waste) that require proper collection and management to avoid impacts on soil and water environment, as well as local landscape. • Land acquisition: The subproject will acquire permanently and temporarily the total area of 33 ha, including 19.741 ha permanent acquisition and 13.27 ha temporary acquisition, affecting 59 households and 07 CPCs. (ii) Impacts in the construction phase: - Dust and emissions from excavation process, and construction and transportation activities; - Wastewater from construction activities and living activities of workers on working sites; - Domestic solid wastes, construction domestic wastes, and hazardous solid wastes during construction process; - Noise generated from construction machines and equipment; - Risks of reducing quality of roads in the local areas; - Impacts on health of workers and local people living near the construction sites or along the transportation routes. - Construction activities will be arranged during dry seasons and periods between productive seasons to avoid impacts on irrigation supply. In addition, temporary dykes and rechanneling techniques will also be applied to maintain continuous water supply for the reservoir downstream areas. 3 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) (iii) Impacts in operation phase: After the construction works are completed and operation commences, there still exists some potential adverse impacts from risk of drowning, pollutions due to wastes from operators and visitors, and risk of flood in the downstream area due to the operation and water regulation activities. 7. Mitigation measures: (i) Preparation phase: - Conduct geological survey according to the approved survey plan and pursuant to regulations of the GoV on geological survey (TCVN 9437:2012 The process of boring engineering geology investigations); - UXO clearance activities have to be conducted by authorized agencies and pursuant to safety regulation on UXO clearance (QCVN 01:2012 National Technical Regulations on Safety in the process of producing, testing and performing check and acceptance of Industrial explosive materials) - Clean the surface after land clearance. The removed plants can be reused by local people as wood or sold in case of trees with economic values. Other solid wastes have to be collected to the designated waste areas and have to be transported and treated appropriately; - Impacts related to land acquisition are mitigated, compensated and assisted by Resettlement Action Plan of the subproject, ensure entitlements of the affected people and ensure to maintain and restore living standards of the affected people at least to pre- project states; (ii) Construction phase: Construction phase potentially generates negative impacts on the natural environment (increased pollution on ambient air, water, soil, noise level,…) and social environment (affecting local safety and order, traffic congestion, increased risk of contagious diseases,…). However, these impacts are only local, temporary, affecting a small scope and can be prevented/mitigated by following ECOP and specific mitigations. (iii) Operation phase: - PPMU cooperates with District People’s Committees (DPC) to establish operation and monitoring procedures for the reservoirs right after the constructions are handed over for operation. - Establish waste management plan for wastes from tourist and reservoir operators. - Prepare Emergency Preparedness Plan as a part of dam safety report. - Dam manager and operator have to timely inform the local people on flood discharge plan so that local people can actively acknowledge and respond. - In high-risk periods such as rain and storm seasons, assign personnel to regularly monitor to ensure appropriate water regulation. - Establish safety corridor for flood discharge, based on the impact forecast scenarios; Specific solutions are detailed in Dam Safety Report and Emergency Preparedness Plan. 8. Implementation arrangement: CPMU selects and hires the independent supervision consultant (ISC) and the project implementation consultant (PIC) to conduct independent monitoring activities and provide regular supports for project activities. This unit will assess 4 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) the compliance with safeguard policies and the implementation of safeguard instruments in construction works. Quang Binh PPMU, a unit in Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Quang Binh province, is responsible for executing and monitoring the ESMP. PPMU will have to ensure that all the bidding and contractual documents are legal and appropriate, including environmental commitments by contractors. The contractors will execute the construction activities and pursuant to the signed environmental commitments included in the contracts. Especially, the contractors will prepare the contractor’s ESMP (CESMP) for PPMU to consider and approve prior to construction commencement. PPMU and consultants will monitor the contractor’s compliance with the approved CESMP. In addition, the compliance of contractors will also be strictly monitored by DONRE, and local government and people. 9. Reporting: The progress reports and monitoring reports will be prepared by construction contractors and submit to PPMU on monthly basis. PPMU will collect the information and report to CPMU at the end of every quarter. In addition, the records of any accidents, chance find, grievance,… will also be prepared and submitted to PPMU within no more than 24 hours from the incident occurrence. 10. Capacity building: In the inception phase of the Project, PPMU safeguard officers had attended a training program provided by the WB safeguard specialists regarding safeguard policies of the Project, including OP 4.01 (Environmental Assessment), general EHS of IFC, OP 4.04 (Natural Habitats), OP 4.10 (Indigenous Peoples) and OP 4.12 (Involuntary Resettlement). In the subproject implementation, the implementation activities of PPMU will be advised by CPMU safeguard consultants and independent consultants. In addition, the safeguard officers of PPMU Quang Binh have had experiences in implementing previous projects funded by WB, including WB4, WB5, and WB7. As a result, the safeguard officers have adequate knowledge, understanding and experience to arrange training and capacity building for the contractors. PPMU will arrange trainings on safeguard policies for construction supervising consultant (CSC) and environment – health – safety staffs of the contractors, ensure that the contractors understand and comply to applicable safeguard policies of the subproject. Before starting construction works, the contractors will hold a training for all the workers and staffs to provide information and knowledge and training on environmental and social protection. 11. Grievances Redress Mechanism (GRM): Grievances relating to any aspect of the subproject will be redressed via discussion to reach agreement. Each grievance will go through three stages before being submitted to the Court. Executing agency will pay all the administrative costs relating to accepting the grievance. These costs are included in subproject budget. 12. Information disclosure: During the subproject planning, PPMU had cooperated with safeguard consultants and the local government to disclose information on the subproject via public meetings and information brochure to ensure that the local communities receive full information on the subproject, and all of the key stakeholders are consulted in a free, prior and informed consultation throughout the project preparation and implementation phases. The information disclosure activities were carried out by mass medias and in person at 09 subproject communes in December 2017 and January 2018. The draft ESIA was also disclosed to the CPC 5 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) of subproject communes in January 2018. The final report after being approved will be disclosed publicly on websites of the province, CPO and WB. 13. Public consultation: During the preparation of the ESIA report, public consultations were conducted as public meetings, group discussions, personal interviews, and questionnaire survey at 09 subproject communes in 2 phases on December 2017 (initial consultation) and January 2018 (consultation on ESIA draft). All the meetings and discussions were conducted publicly, discussed openly with the participation of representatives from the local people’s committees , social and political groups, and local communities. The results demonstrated that the local government and people in the subproject areas fully support the execution of this subproject, and expect the subproject to be executed in the near future (100% participants in the public meetings agreed on the execution of the subproject). Concurrently, the PPMU also committed to regularly cooperate with local governments and construction contractors to adequately manage the staffs and workers throughout the execution of the subproject, to compensate the damages on transportation infrastructures due to the construction activities of the subproject, to pursuant to frameworks of WB and legal documents of the Government of Vietnam, to take responsibility to of the Law if violating any international convention and/or standards of Vietnam regarding environmental protection. 14. Budget allocation: The subproject is executed using ODA funds and counterpart fund of the Government of Vietnam with total investment of 199,019,670,000 VND (including costs for environmental monitoring, execution of mitigation measures, and capacity training are 2,492,023,000VND). 15. Commitment to Environmental and social protection: During the implementation of the subproject, the subproject owner commits to fully implement the environmental and social protection measures, specifically: - Fully implementing the environmental pollution mitigation measures so that all parameters stay within the applicable national technical regulations; - Collecting and treating the solid wastes and hazardous wastes generated from construction activities in manners pursuant to regulations on hazardous waste management attached to Circular number 36/2015/TT – BTNMT dated June 30, 2015 by Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on Regulations on hazardous waste management. - Strictly applying the fire prevention and fire fighting measures throughout the construction phase. - Committing to carry out all the construction methods as proposed. - Being responsible to environmental management agency of the Government and local government regarding environmental issues in the process of repairing and upgrading the reservoirs. - Compensating and recovering for environmental pollution in case of causing incidents to natural or social environments during the implementation of the subproject. - The subproject owner commits that construction contractors will be responsible for restoration of road damages due to construction activities. 6 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - Conducting periodical environmental and social management and monitoring programs. 16. Conclusion: The subproject “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement in Quang Binh provinceâ€? (Year 2 Project) potentially has some adverse impacts duing implementation, however, due to the small scale of construction works, the impacts are all temporary, localized, and insignificant levels of impacts. The proposed mitigation measures are feasible and sufficient to avoid or minimize the adverse impacts. The environmental management and monitoring programs have been established to monitor the impacts and support the management agencies and local government in regularly updating the implementation progress of the subproject; The monitoring system proposed and approved by WB will be applied in the subproject implementation. Independent monitoring agency will regularly supervise and report to PPMU on monthly basis. 7 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Project name “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement (DRASIP/WB8)â€? 1.2. Project objectives The development objective of the project is to improve safety for dams in the Dam Safety Program by the Government to protect the downstream population and economic activities in the downstream areas via prioritized investment and capacity strengthening. 1.3. Project management agencies Sponsor: World Bank (WB) Administrative Agency: Central Project Office for Water Resource Projects Address: Number 23, Hang Tre street, Hoan Kiem district, Hanoi Phone number: (024) 38468160; Fax number: (024) 3845431 Project owner: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Address: Number 2, Ngoc Ha street, Ba Dinh district, Hanoi Phone number: (024) 38253921; Fax number: (024) 38242372 1.4. Project description DRSIP is intended to improve the safety of the dams and related works, as well as the safety of people and socio-economic infrastructure of the downstream communities as defined in Decree 72 - governing the management of dam safety in Vietnam. The decree adopts the international convention in defining dams based on height and volume. Specifically, the Decree defines the following: (i) large dams from 15m high or with reservoir capacity of three million cubic meters or more; (ii) medium dams from 10m to 15m high or dams with reservoir capacity from one to three million cubic meters; and (iii) small dams from 5m to 10m high or dams with reservoir capacity between 50,000 and one million cubic meters. The project would be an optimized mix of both structural and non-structural measures. Structural measures include rehabilitation and upgrading safety works of existing dams, including instrumentation, such as safety monitoring equipment. Non-structural dam safety activities, which are a critical and key component of the Bank-supported activities under the project, would include support to strengthen the legal and institutional framework; safety monitoring; operational procedures, operations and maintenance (O&M); and emergency preparedness plans. 1.5. Project location DRSIP will be implemented in 34 provinces in the North, Central and Highland regions – where most dams are severely degraded and needed to be restored and upgraded to ensure safety during flood season, and to have safe operational procedure installed. There are over 450 dams/ reservoirs are proposed to be funded by project, almost are irrigation reservoirs, based on agreed criteria, prioritizing the interventions to solve the risks for poverty and inequity. The Project priorities the dams with small impacts on land acquisition, affecting large number of people and socioeconomic infrastructures. These factors will be 8 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) further categorized based on readiness, priority of the executing locations, based on the specific technical designs. 1.6. Management and implementing agencies The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) will be responsible for overall implementation and management of the project. MARD will work closely with Ministry of Industry and Trade (MoIT) and Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MoNRE) in proceed to the project through the beneficiary agreements to execute specific activities. A High Level Working Group (HLWG) would be established at the central level to coordinate the policy and strategic issues, provide overall guidance and assist in coordination. The HLWG will include the three Ministries and will be chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister, or his representative. The implementation arrangements are further intended to be integrated within the national systems to provide the foundations for a framework that will extend beyond the project implementation period. These mechanisms are further expected to help enhance coordination between the various Government agencies. A Central Project Management Unit (CPMU) would be established under MARD and would provide coordination support to all the three participating Ministries. The CPMU will be responsible for overseeing procurement, financial management, safeguards management, project monitoring and overall administration. Main duties of CPMU includes, but not limited to: (a) enforcing pursuant to all monitoring and supervising all environmental and social aspects; (b) representing Investment owner for all issues related to safety of the project; and (c) responsible for overall coordinating the implementation of Environmental and Social Management Framework of the subproject. The information on the execution of safety measures should be disclosed periodically to the local communities. A National Dam Safety Review Panel (DSRP) will be established under the project. In addition, in compliance with the World Bank Safety of Dams Policy, an international Panel of Experts (PoE) will be engaged to provide support during implementation. The independent PoE will be expected to visit at least twice a year for a period of two weeks, at a minimum, to review, assess and advise Government on the program. The project will also appoint an Independent Third Party Monitor to carry out regular, independent evaluations, supported through the development and application of innovative, state-of-the art technologies to enhance citizen voice and stakeholder engagement during project implementation. The evaluations will be carried out against the approved framework documents for the technical and safeguard components, approved plans, including the detailed designs, financial management, procurement, contract and construction management and disbursements. One of the key responsibility of the Third Party Monitor will also evaluate compliance with the ESMF, applicable various safeguard instruments, including Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP), Environmental Codes of Practice etc. Provincial People’s Committee is responsible for implementing the project in the province, and is appointed as implementation agency for the project. PPC is responsible to approve the environmental impact assessment (EIA). Each province will arrange an executive agency of the subproject (PPMU). This unit may already be established as an unit in Department of Agriculture and Rural Development and has conducted several similar projects. PPMUs will be responsible for all the bidding activities, construction monitoring, implementation of 9 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Resettlement Action Plan, Environmental and Social Management Plan, and these plans have to pursuant to the general frameworks of the project. PPMU will be assisted by CPO regarding technical and environmental, social consultation. 1.7. Implementation schedule The Project will be executed in 05 years (from 2016 to 2020). 1.8. Project components Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (DRSIP) in Vietnam will consist of the 03 following components: Component 1: Dam safety rehabilitation - This component will improve dam safety of prioritized dams under the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) through physical rehabilitation of existing infrastructure. These public financed dams are designed for irrigation purposes and few are also used as multi purposes including source of drinking water to local communities. This component includes support to: (i) Detailed engineering design, safeguards instruments, supervision and quality control of rehabilitation works and safeguard compliance for prioritized dams and associated infrastructure; (ii) structural rehabilitation, including civil and hydro-mechanical works, and installation of instrumentation and safety monitoring system equipment; (iii) preparation of Operation and Maintenance Plans and Emergency Preparedness Plans; and (iv) adoption of standardized safety checklist for community-managed dams. Component 2: Dam safety management and planning. This component will improve the planning and operational framework for dam management to safeguard the people and socio-economic infrastructure within downstream communities. This component will: (i) assist the hydrological monitoring network and information network; (ii) plan the integrated development scheme; (iii) provide supports regarding legal regulation; (iv) propose for consideration of technical specification, standards and regulations on safety levels that have been internationally approved; and (v) improving capacity. Component 3: Project management support. This component will provide the necessary enabling environment to support the project implementation. This will include support for the following: (i) Project Steering Committee composed of MARD, MoIT and MoNRE to coordinate all project interventions; (ii) Central Project Management Unit (CPMU) within MARD to provide the necessary support services for timely and effective project implementation, including monitoring & evaluation, procurement, financial management, safeguard monitoring, etc.; (iii) Technical Assistance for beneficiary departments within MoIT and MoNRE to provide the necessary support services for timely and effective project implementation; (iv) Establishment and operations of a National Dam Safety Review Panel; (v) Independent audits of prioritized dams before and after rehabilitation; and (vi) Incremental operating costs for project related activities. 1.9. Approaches and methodology for environmental and social impact assessment Environmental and social impact assessment has been carried out for the subproject in pursuant to policies and requirements of World Bank and the Government of Vietnam. The purpose of impact assessment is to give the environment and social issues due importance in 10 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) the decision-making process by clearly evaluating the environmental and social consequences of the proposed project before action is taken. Early identification and characterization of critical environmental and social impacts allows the public and the government to form a view about the environmental and social acceptability of a proposed development project and what conditions should apply to mitigate or minimize those risks and impacts. 1.9.1. Impact assessment process • Desk study: collecting secondary data and researching methodologies • Field study: collecting primary data on the subproject area Stage 1: Planning • Identify the activities that have a potential to interact with the environment and socia • Identify prioritu issues • Consult stakeholders to incorporate any unattended issues Stage 2: Scoping • Analysis of the subproject design and components • Data collection on environmental and social baseline • Field investigation • Alternative analysis Stage 3: Impact • Assessment of environmental and social impacts assessment • Conducting public consultations or focus group discussion • Continuous processing aimed at engaging the stakeholder efforts throughout the planning, design, construction, and operation a project • generate public awareness by providing information about Stage 4: Public a sub-project to all stakeholders in a timely manner and to provide opportunity to the stakeholders to voice their Consultation opinions and concerns on different aspects of the project. Figure 1-1 Impact assessment process 1.9.2. Methodologies 11 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) a) Social impact assessment method The purpose of this social assessment (SA), conducted in an integral manner with environmental assessment for this subproject, is two-fold. First, it examined the potential impacts of the subproject –positive and adverse impact –on the basis of planned project activities. Second, its findings inform the design of measures addressing identified potential adverse impact and proposing community development activities that are relevant to the project development goal. For identified adverse impact that could not be avoided, consultation with local people, governmental agencies, project stakeholders, etc., were carried out to ensure affected peoples will be appropriately compensated for, and supported in a manner that their socio-economic activities will be promptly and fully restored to the pre-project level, at least, and that their livelihoods will not be worsen off, in the long run, as a result of the subproject. As part of the social assessment, where ethnic minority (EM) peoples are present in the subproject area –as confirmed by the EM screening (as per Bank’s OP 4.10), consultation with them were carried out in a free, prior, and informed manner, to confirm if there is broad community support from affected EM peoples for the subproject implementation. EM screening was conducted as per Bank’s OP 4.10, and was done the scope and coverage of the social assessment vis-à-vis the environmental assessment (OP 4.01). The results of ethnic minority screening showed that there are not any ethnic minority people living in the subproject area (including affected communities and beneficiaries). Therefore, an ethnic minority development plan is not required for this subproject. A gender analysis was also done as part of the SA to understand underlying gender dimensions (from project impact perspective) to enable gender mainstreaming to promote gender equality, and enhance further the development effectiveness of the subproject, and the project as a whole. To ensure all potential impact could be identified during project preparation, the SA was conducted through series of consultations with various project stakeholders. A particular focus was maintained on households who are potentially affected (both positively and adversely). The research techniques employed for this SA include (i) review of secondary data, (ii) field observations, (iii) focus groups discussions/ community meetings, (iv) key informant interview, and (v) households survey. b) Environmental assessment methods: - Literature reviews: Reviewing the results of environmental impact assessments of similar/related projects - Expert opinions: Consultant has participated and held conferences with experts regarding the project impacts and mitigations to minimize those impacts. - Rapid assessment: Using pollution constants provided by World Health Organization (WHO) to (i) assessing the amount of pollutant in emission and wastewater, and (ii) assessing efficiency of pollution mitigation/prevention measures. - Comparative method: Comparing results of measurements and analyses to the standards of the corresponding national and international standards to assess the level of pollution. - Matrix method: matching each project activity with parameter or environmental/social component (air, water, heath, economy,…) to assess the causal relationships of subproject implementation. 12 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - Field investigation: To identify and examine the environmental components at the subproject areas. - Social research: based on the consultation with local government and residents (including affected and beneficiary people) in the subproject areas using questionnaires. - Statistical analyses: data collection, process, and analyses of (i) climatic, geophysical, environmental parameters of the subproject area; (ii) reports and statistics on socioeconomic states, gender issues of 12 communes in the subproject. - Environmental measurement and analyses: Consultant had conducted environmental surveys on quality of soil, surface water, underground water, air. Some parameters were measured directly on-site while other results were from analyses of samples in the lab. 1.10. ESIA report preparation Subproject management unit: Investment owner: Department of Agricultural and Rural Development of Quang Binh province Investment owner representative: Project Management Unit for Construction Investment in Agriculture and Rural Development of Quang Binh province - Represented by: Mr. Tran Thanh Hai Position: Director - Address: Number 195 Tran Hung Dao street, Dong Hoi city, Quang Binh province - Phone number: 0232.3828352 Fax: 0232.3823361 Consultant unit: Institute of Sustainable Development and Climate Change (ISC) - Address: Room 410, Block N4AB Trung Hoa – Nhan Chinh, Nhan Chinh precinct, Thanh Xuan district, Hanoi City - Represented by: Mr. Mai Thai An Position: Director - Phone: 0243. 9446 854 Fax: 0243. 9446 854 13 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Table 1-1 List of ESIA preparers Academic Duties in the preparation of No Full name Concentration title ESIA I Representatives of investment owner – PPMU Quang Binh Director / Coordinating the overall activities 1 Tran Thanh Hai Irrigation Engineer of report preparation Expert / 2 Tran Thi Hieu Irrigation Participating in the field Engineer investigations and consultations at Expert / 07 subproject communes; 3 Tran Hung Irrigation Engineer Providing subproject documents II Representatives of Consultant - ISC Nguyen Manh Environmental General manager of the ESIA 1 PhD Science Khai group Environmental Summarizing data, assessing and Science projecting the impacts and risks in 2 Phan Ban Mai Master the preparation, construction and operation phases Environmental Summarizing data, proposing Le Thi Thanh 3 Master Science mitigations for adverse impacts Hoa and risk prevention measures. Summarizing data, proposing management and monitoring 4 Le Thi Thu Hang PhD Psychology programs for the subproject in construction and operation phases 5 Mai Thai An Master Ecology Summarizing data on the natural Hoang Minh ecosystems in the subproject area 6 Master Ecology Nguyet Quach Thi Thanh Summarizing data on conditions 7 Master Hydrology Tuyet of the natural environment, climate, existing conditions of environmental components in the 8 Pham Cong Minh Bachelor Hydrology subproject areas Summarizing the legal documents Public and technical requirements of community 9 Than Thi Hien Master ESIA preparation, and researching economic the methodologies used in the management ESIA. 14 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Academic Duties in the preparation of No Full name Concentration title ESIA Supporting in data summarization, analyzing relations to other projects in the province; Summarizing the technical and Le Thi Thanh Environmental legal documents related to impact 10 Master Hoa Science assessment; Researching methodologies; Supporting in public consultations and surveys. 15 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) CHAPTER 2. SUBPROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1. Introduction to the subproject 2.1.1. Subproject name “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement (WB8), Quang Binh provinceâ€? (Year 2 subproject) – Project Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement (WB8), Quang Binh Province 2.1.2. Subproject objectives 1. Overall objective - Support the implementation of the safety programs of reservoirs through repair, upgrade dams, strengthen the management capacity, safe operation of the dam to protect the population and the socioeconomic infrastructure of downstream area. 2. Specific objectives: - Restore and ensure the safety of works through the repair and upgrading of dams that has been downgraded or lack of flood discharge capacity. - Improve the institutional, policy management, dam safety monitoring at national level, strengthen the capacity of management, operation and coordination mechanism for information on the basin. - Strengthen capacity to manage and implement the project, management of the environment and society. - Contribute to improve ecological environment and safety for the downstream areas - Support the shifts in plant composition, concentrated production, improving production values; contribute to rural development and food security, moving toward clearing hunger and poverty. 2.1.3. Investment owner Project investment owner: Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Quang Binh province Executive agency: Project Management Unit for Investment in Agriculture and Rural Development of Quang Binh Province. Representative: Mr. Tran Thanh Hai Position: Director Address: Number 195 Tran Hung Dao, Dong Hoi city, Quang Binh province Phone number: 0232.3828352 Fax: 0232.3823361 2.1.4. Subproject location Year 2 Subproject of the Project Dam rehabilitation and safety improvement for Quang Binh Province is executed on 09 reservoirs on 07 communes in 04 districts of Quang Binh province: 16 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Table 2- 1: Subproject works Year of No Reservoir Management unit District construction Vung Mo 1965 1 reservoir CPC of Thai Thuy Thanh Son 1981 commune 2 Le Thuy district reservoir Dap Lang 1986 CPC of My Thuy 3 reservoir commune Dong Suon 1985 CPC of Hung Trach Bo Trach district 4 reservoir commune Long Dai 1996 CPC of Hien Ninh Quang Trach district 5 reservoir commune Thach Truong 1964 CPC of Quang Lien 6 reservoir commune Dong Vat 1980 CPC of Quang Phuong 7 reservoir commune Quang Trach Cay Bom 1987 district 8 reservoir CPC of Quang Hop Buoi Roi 1985 commune 9 reservoir 17 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Figure 2- 1: Location of subproject reservoirs Table 2- 2: Geographical coordination of the subproject works Projection: VN 2000, center Projection: VN 2000, center Reservoir longitude 105000’, 60 Reservoir longitude 105000’, 60 name name X (m) Y (m) X (m) Y (m) Vung Mo Thach Truong 588730.86 1897905.81 531822.18 1967111.99 reservoir reservoir Thanh Son Dong Vat 593949.20 1896983.48 538857.36 1967743.81 reservoir reservoir Dap Lang Cay Bom 586009.74 1899050.29 537200.63 1982846.33 reservoir reservoir Dong Suon Buoi Roi 539452.60 1948298.57 531449.56 1984318.11 reservoir reservoir Long Dai 566100.59 1917056.00 reservoir Source: Google earth, 2018 2.1.5. Total investment Construction cost of the project is aided by ODA of WB. Other costs (resettlement, survey, environmental and social consultation,...) are paid by counterpart funds of Quang Binh province. 18 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Total construction cost of the subproject is 199,019,670,000 VND (In words: One hundred ninety-nine billion nineteen million six hundred seventy thousand Vietnam dong). 2.2. Main works of the subproject 2.2.1. Current status of works The reservoirs included in the subproject “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement (WB8), Quang Binh provinceâ€? (Year 2 subproject) were constructed in the 1970s to 1990s with the previous standards TCVN 5060-90 and have no test flood criteria. After several years of operation, the head-works have degraded, such as: - Earth dam: Most of the dams are penetrated by water as the dam quality was low (penetration constant K ≈10-4). Dam bases are untreated soil that absorb water strongly. Especially, some dams such as Dap Lang and Dong Suon reservoirs have dam base weak and untreated. The dam top is narrowed (from 3-4m) and dam top is made of soil. The dam tops are serve as rural road and currently degraded; There are several holes on dam tops in rain season. - Upstream dam face: In 9 subproject reservoirs, only Thanh Son reservoir has consolidated upstream dam face that is currently in good condition. Other reservoirs have upstream faces severely eroded and requires rehabilitation. - Downstream dam faces are protected with grass. Most of the reservoirs do not have water drainage on dam face; Only Thanh Son and Long Dai reservoirs have water drainages on downstream dam face but these systems are currently broken; No water slits along dam face; Several sections are penetrated by water; Dam faces are slipped in small scale. - Spillway: In 9 subproject reservoirs, only Thanh Son reservoir has functioning spillway and has a backup spillway; Other spillways are all stone or concrete spillways that have been degraded and need rebuilt, or spillways on natural grounds that have been weathered. Temporary spillways have eroded lines since the spillway faces have not been consolidated. - Intakes: Most of the intakes are made of steel-reinforced concrete but have been degraded. Intake connectors have leaks; concrete component of the intakes are degraded; access bridge to the intakes are deteriorated; operating components are hard to function. Only Dap Lang and Dong Suon reservoirs have intakes in good condition. - Construction, management and evacuation roads: The roads are all soil roads that have been degraded and hinder the transportation activities. They require consolidation to ensure long-term use; Road bases are on stable hilly regions that can easily be upgraded. Conclusion: The scale and structure of the head-works do not meet the technical requirements, moreover, after years of operation, the systems have degraded significantly, hence, these systems require rehabilitation and upgrade to ensure safety for downstream people, as well as to provide irrigation and domestic water for the area. Some field photographs of 09 reservoirs in the subproject are attached in Appendix 4 of the report. 19 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Table 2- 3. Relations of subproject areas to the surrounding Relations of subproject areas to the surrounding Subproject Cultural and No Residential Production, business, location Traffic Hydrological condition religious areas services monuments 1. Vung Mo - To the West: Sen - 4 km to Thanh Son The nearest - About 500 m North of - No cultural or reservoir Bang road reservoir in NE direction, residential area is the reservoir, there is a religious (connecting NH 1A to 4 km to Tien Phong 300 m away to convenient store. monument Hochiminh road) at reservoir in NNE, 5 km to nearby. distance of 1km; Cai Cach reservoir. the North. - To the North East: - To the SW, An Ma 10km to NH 1A; reservoir is at distance of - To the South West: 5km. 1km to Hochiminh - 100m to the dam road. downstream, there are fish ponds of people living nearby. 2. Thanh Son - To the North: 300m - To the North: 2km from - The nearest - 500m to the North is - No cultural or reservoir from Sen Bang road Tien Phong reservoir, household Uong Minh traditional religious (connecting NH 1A to 3km from Cai Cach lives at 250m medicine store. monument Hochiminh road) reservoir; downstream of nearby. - To the North East: - NE: 4km from Bau Sen the dam; 4km to NH 1A; reservoir; - The nearest - To the South West: - SW: 8km from An Ma residential area 7km to Hochiminh reservoir is 1km away to road. the West. 3. Dap Lang - To the West: 800m - Kien Giang river at 1km to - The nearest - 2km to the North is - No cultural or reservoir from inter commune the West residential area My Trach station. religious road between Thai - Fish ponds at 50m is 1km to the monument Thuuy and Truong downstream of the dam NE. nearby. 20 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Relations of subproject areas to the surrounding Subproject Cultural and No Residential Production, business, location Traffic Hydrological condition religious areas services monuments Thuy communes; 5.5km to Hochiminh road - 7km to NE is NH 1A. 4. Dong Suon - Connecting to - 800m NE to Cay Khe - The nearest - Phong Nha Lake - No cultural or reservoir Hochiminh road and reservoir households House Resort having religious NH 16 in the North - 1.4km E from an unnamed live 100m W of tourism activities on monument and NE. reservoir; the reservoir. the reservoir; nearby. - 1.5km N from Con river; - The closest - 100m NE: construction - 620m E to Con river high density material store of Binh branch. residential area Duong Company. is 300m N of - 300m W of the the dam. reservoir: Pepper House Homestay 5. Long Dai - 120m E of the - 750m S of the reservoir: - The nearest - 650m E of the - 150m E reservoir reservoir: Hochiminh Long Dai river household reservoir is Quyen upstream of the road; 950m E: old NH lives 180m Phuoc convenient reservoir is a 15. upstream of the store; cemetery reservoir (near - 620m S of the - 620m S of the the spillway) reservoir is Long Dai reservoir is - The nearest ferry station. Memorial of residential area Truong Son is 500m E of soldiers in Long the reservoir. Dai ferry station 6. Thach Truong - 80m SW: NH 12A. - 400m SW of the reservoir - The nearest - One convenient store - 1km SE of the reservoir is canal of Gianh River, residential area locates 150m West of reservoir is 1km SW is Gianh river; stadium of 21 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Relations of subproject areas to the surrounding Subproject Cultural and No Residential Production, business, location Traffic Hydrological condition religious areas services monuments - 1.5km NE of the reservoir is 100m to the the reservoir in the Quang Lien is Tien Lang reservoir. West. residential area. commune; - 1.2km West of the reservoir is Kinh Nhuan church. 7. Dong Vat - 1.3km East of the - 600m East of the reservoir - The nearest - No business, services - No cultural or reservoir reservoir is the is the infield canals from residential area near the reservoir. religious intercommunal road Gianh river. is is about monument between Quang 500m South of nearby. Phuong commune and the reservoir. Quang Thanh commune 8. Cay Bom - The reservoir locates - 400m South of the - The nearest - No business, services - 600m West of reservoir far from all major reservoir is the upstream residential area near the reservoir. the reservoir is roads. part of Ron river. is 300m West Thuy Vuc of the church. reservoir. 9. Buoi Roi - 850m West of the - The reservoir locates far - The nearest - No business, services - No cultural or reservoir reservoir is provincial from all other water body. residential area near the reservoir. religious highway 22 is 350m SW of monument the reservoir. nearby. Source: Institute of Sustainable Development and Climate Change – Field survey January 2018 22 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Assessment: Considering the relations between 09 reservoir areas and their surroundings, the construction areas of this subproject locate far from the high density population areas. There is no historical, cultural or religious places near the reservoirs, and there is no industrial manufacture or business nearby. As a conclusion, there is no site-specific impacts. 2.2.2. Main works of the subproject 17. Subproject “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement (WB8), Quang Binh provinceâ€? (Year 2 Project) is executed with the aid from World Bank, with Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development as managerial agency. The main contents of this subproject are to rehabilitate and upgrade the head works to ensure work safety of 09 reservoirs in Quang Binh province, including the main works as follows: - Rehabilitating and upgrading the headworks of reservoirs in compliances with requirements of reservoir safety – calculation to test construction stability of applicable standards such as QCXDVN 04-05-2012 and other applicable technical standards; - Spillways: Consolidating and expanding spillway for reservoirs with broken spillways (Long Dai, Thach Truong, Buoi Roi) and construct new spillways for reservoirs with temporary spillways (Vung Mo, Dap Lang, Dong Suon, Cay Bom); - Management and construction roads: Consolidating the construction and management/evacuation roads to facilitate construction works and evacuation activities; - Construction management house for Thanh Son reservoir that has been degraded (the largest construction managed by Irrigation Construction Management Company of the province) The scale of works proposed in the subproject are presented in the following table: Table 2-4: Rehabilitation and upgrade scale of the subproject No Work Rehabilitation and upgrade scale component 1. Vung Mo reservoir - Thai Thuy commune - Le Thuy district Reservoir Useful capacity: 0.83 x 106 m3 Main dam - Consolidating dam face using concrete M250. Expanding dam top toward the upstream by rip-raping 1 wall; elevation of dam top +15.6m, Width of dam top and bottom placing diagonal wall with width of 3m; Consolidating dam top using concrete M250 thick 16cm protecting dam top and facilitating travelling, road side has wheel stopper - Consolidating upstream dam face: consolidating by paving bulky stones thick 25cm in frame 5x5m using steel-reinforced concrete M250 and on the padding layer made of gravel thick 15cm on geological technical cloth. - Maintain downstream face arrange concrete ditches M200 Foot of downstream dam face arrange water drainage stones at Foot of downstream dam face; elevation of drainage stone top +8.5m; Width of dam top 2.5m; h m=2.75. 23 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) No Work Rehabilitation and upgrade scale component Spillway - Maintain current condition Intake - Demolish old intake, construct new steel intake D= 400mm, covered with concrete M300 at the location of old intake; length of intake L=46m; - Adding protecting house + 01 operating valve and 01 repairing valve D=400mm intake downstream; Elevation of intake bottom +6.85m. 2. Thanh Son reservoir - Thai Thuy commune - Le Thuy district Reservoir Useful capacity: 6.39 x 106 m3 Main dam Dam top made of concrete M250 thick 16cm, level 2 broken stone thick 12cm. - Upstream face: Slope m=2.75, consolidated face made of paving stones, currently in good condition; Only fix the broken spots. - Downstream face: making water ditches and stairs using concrete with stone, sized 15x15cm, thick 12cm, grass planting places on downstream face (7.0x7.0)m. - Water discharge for dam body on dam face made of bulky stone thick 25cm, padded with broken stone 1x2 thick 15cm, and filtering sand thick 15cm. - Drill-fill for anti-infiltration. Spillway - Spillway is in good condition, no repair required. Intake - Replacing 02 old valve doors made of steel with rubber tight; sixed bxh = 1.15x1.2 (m) - Replacing the wooden door on valve house. which has been damaged. Replacing with steel door sized 1.4x2.7 (m) - Replacing protecting house roof with anti-heat metal panel, Area 27m2 Management - Length of road : L = 426.5 m. and - Width of road base: Bfoundation = 5.0m; Width of road face construction Bcover=3.5m; Road side 2x0.75m. slope of road face i=2%; Slope road of road side i = 4% to both side; elevation of road follows the existing road +22.28 ÷+29.23 (m). - Road face structure: Concrete M250 thick 16cm. plastic panel. level 2 broken stone with thickness of 12cm; - 2 sides of the road have water drainage made of stone and concrete. trapezium shaped. slope constant m=1. sized 0.4x0.4 m; Management - Rehabilitating the surrounding, ground, gate, fence, management house house. Area of management sector S = 825m2; - Management house with Area 130 m2; House foot made of brick and M75 mortar, walls thick 33 ÷ 70cm; House made of steel- reinforced concrete M200, brick wall with mortar M75 thick 24 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) No Work Rehabilitation and upgrade scale component 22cm, mortar thick 15cm, roof made of steel-reinforced concrete M200 thick 10cm, with anti-heat metal panel on top; Management house has 4 rooms: meeting room, working room, guard room and an enclosed toilet. - Fence surrounding management house: length L=110m; height 1,6n; fence made of steel-reinforced concrete pre-moulded; - Management ground: arrange landscape and trees for a clean sight, ground surface made of concrete M200 stone 2x4, thick 20cm; - Arrange lighting system, steel gate width of 3.5m to facilitate the protection and management of reservoir. - Parking lot made of steel beams D80, covered with nickel thick 3mm, and metal panel, Area of 29m2. 3. Dap Lang reservoir - My Thuy commune - Le Thuy district Reservoir Useful capacity: 2.070 x 106 m3 Main dam - Main dam: + Dam top: designed width B = 5.0m, dam top structure as level B rural road: Concrete M250 thick 16cm, 1 Layer of padding, layer of broken stone thick 12cm, packed to K98 thick 30cm. + Upstream face: because the dam height is small, no dam mechanic is needed; only require dam face consolidation using paving stone in frame, padded with broken gravel layer 15cm, and geotechnical cloth. Face foot is made of concrete M250. Dam face slope mt=3.25. + Downstream face: downstream face is consolidated by planting grass from dam top to elevation of +6.00, arrange water drainage to prevent erosion; dam face slope m=3.00. Arrange water drainage from top of dam base to dam foot, made of paving stone, padded with broken gravel thick 15cm and Layer of sand thick 15cm. Saddle dam - Upstream face: Consolidating dam face using paving stone, h Padded with broken gravel thick 15cm , and is the layer of geotechnical cloth. Dam foot made of concrete M250. Da face slope mt=2,50. - Downstream face: is consolidated by planting grass from dam top to elevation of +6.00, arrange water drainage to prevent erosion; Arrange water drainage from top of dam base to dam foot, made of paving stone, padded with broken gravel thick 15cm and Layer of sand thick 15cm. dam face slope mh=2.00 Spillway - Wide top spillway made of steel reinforced concrete M250. Width of spillway B=7.0 (m), Spillway top elevation +8.57 (m), construct access bridge with carrying capacity H13, road base 25 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) No Work Rehabilitation and upgrade scale component B=5.0 (m) at elevation +11.00m). Upstream ground has length of 10m consolidated with steel reinforced concrete M250 length 5.0 (m) and bulky stone with mortar 5.0 (m), connecting to the canal from the reservoir to the spillway. Behind the spillway is made of made of steel reinforced concrete M250 thick 30(cm), Total length of water slope Lslope = 56.0(m), width at the beginning section Bstart = 7.00(m), width at the end Bend = 4.00(m). End of water slope is a pressure relieving tank made of steel reinforced concrete M250 thick 0.6(m) ÷ 1.00(m), length of tank Ltank = 12.0 (m), depth of tank 1.0(m). Downstream canal has trapezium cross-section made of concrete M250 thick 20(cm) length 20(m), connecting to the existing canal. Intake - Steel intake covered with steel reinforced concrete, currently in good condition Management - Road face made of M250 thick 16cm; road base made of level 2 and broken stone layer thick 12cm; packed to K98 underneath bottom construction of road face thick 30cm; base of soil or Filling soil packed to K95. road 4. Dong Suon reservoir- Hung Trach commune - Bo Trach district Reservoir Useful capacity: 1.87 x 106 m3 Main dam - Remove weathered layer and the old paving stones on upstream face; expanding the current dam face toward the upstream side by rip-rapping a diagonal wall with anti-infiltration, made of soil with high silt content, elevation of dam top +15.6m; dam top after upgrade has width of B=5m is consolidated using concrete M250 thick 18cm protecting dam top and facilitating travelling. - Upstream face is consolidating by paving bulky stones thick 25cm in frame 5x5m using steel-reinforced concrete M250 and on the padding layer made of gravel thick 15cm and Layer geotechnical cloth; consolidation scope from dam top +15.6 to below death water level +7.65; - Downstream face is structured with water ditches, padded with gravels in a net with each section sized 5x5m; dam shoulders supplemented with water drainage stones sized 30x30cm; - Foot of downstream dam face arrange water drainage stones Foot of downstream dam face; elevation of drainage stone top +9.1m; Width of dam top2,0m water drainage stone structure is consolidated paving stone thick 30cm, elevation of paving stone +10.1m. Spillway - Wide top spillway with no valve, connecting to water slope and pressure relieving bottom level 1 and channelling canal, is consolidated using steel-reinforced concrete M250, length of 135,5m and connecting to Bung river (a branch of Son river) by 26 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) No Work Rehabilitation and upgrade scale component water slope and pressure relief level 2; 1 access bridge on the canal has been concreted. - Restore intake on spillway to maintain the inter-hamlet road. Intake - Steel intake covered with concrete D=40CM, downstream valve was constructed in 2015 and currently in good condition. Management - Arrange 02 management roads on the left and the right of dam to and facilitate construction, management and evacuation. Section 1 construction connects the management house to Hochiminh road, and section road 2 is the inter-hamlet road, connecting the commune to the dam top. 5. Long Dai reservoir - Hien Ninh commune - Quang Ninh district Reservoir Useful capacity: 0,55 x 106 m3 Main dam - Consolidating dam face with width B = 5,0m, dam top structure: Concrete M300 thick 18cm, 2 Layers of oil paper, broken stone thick 15cm, packed to K98 thick 30cm. - Upstream face: is broken from normal water level to the dam top; made of paving stone in concrete frame, using the existing paving stone (below normal water level, the paving stone is in good condition), Padded with combination of broken gravel 15cm and Layer geotechnical cloth, rehabilitate water break wall using concrete, harden dam face using concrete to facilitate local transportation as a rural road; - Rip-rapping the downstream face to have a stable cross section B= 5m, consolidating dam face by planting grass and installing water ditches. Dam foot is consolidated using water drainage system, Layer broken gravel thick 15cm to the layer of filtering sand thick 15cm. Spillway - Spillway on the right side of reservoir; trout spillway made of using steel-reinforced concrete locating about 15m from dam shoulders; in good condition; Only the section to the canal, the flow is blocked due to erosion and plants growing inside; Repair and unblock the flow of the upstream canal from bottom of canal to elevation of +25.50m. Intake - Underground intake with pressured steel reinforced concrete, connecting after the intake is the existing downstream canal: + Construct steel reinforced concrete at the DM; + Intake made of steel pipe D300mm with pressured steel reinforced concrete M250, discharge valve in the downstream, at the end of the intake + The connection after inlet is concrete pipe D600mm. 27 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) No Work Rehabilitation and upgrade scale component Management The road follows the existing one, only expanded and upgraded to grade and B rural road; road structure using concrete: construction - Consolidating road 1: follows the existing one, total length 103.69m road with road base and road face made of BT M300 thick 18cm; padded with 2 Layers of oil paper; road foot made if level 1 broken stone thick 15cm; Foot layer made of soil packed to K98 thick 30cm; road sides made with Bien Hoa soil, packed to K95. - Consolidating road 2: total length 224.45m with road base and road face made of BT M300 thick 18cm; padded with 2 Layers of oil paper; road foot made if level 1 broken stone thick 15cm; Foot layer made of soil packed to K98 thick 30cm; road sides made with Bien Hoa soil, packed to K95. 6. Thach Truong reservoir - Quang Lien commune - Quang Trach district Reservoir Useful capacity: 0.374 x 106 m3 Main dam - Heighten and rip rap to expand dam top toward the upstream to restore the designed dam width, made of Filling soil packed to K≥0.95. Width of dam top B=5.0m, dam face concrete M250 thick 16cm, padded with plastic panel and level 2 broken stone thick 12cm. - Consolidating upstream dam face using paving stone in M250 steel reinforced concrete frame (5.0x5.0)m thick 25cm, padded with layer made of gravel thick 15cm on geological technical cloth, footing in concrete frame M250. - Consolidating downstream face: repair, rehabilitate some of the sunk spots; construct water drainage made of concrete M200, sized 15x15cm, thick 25cm, planting grass units on downstream face (7.0x7.0)m. Spillway - Spillway with cover made of steel-reinforced concrete M250#, core made of M150# concrete mixed with bulky stone; spillway section width B=55m, spillway elevation +8.80m. - Side wall of the downstream section is made of M250 steel reinforced concrete; Pressure relieving by tank, made of M250 steel reinforced concrete, elevation of tank bottom at +3.10m, length of tank L=11m. Connecting the tank to ground made of mortar M100# thick 30cm length 10m, making a discharging canal to the current eroded hole. The upstream ground of spillway made of stone with mortar M100#. Intake - Demolishing the old intake and construct the new intake at the same location, length of Lc=41.5m. - Intake made of steel covered in M250 steel reinforced concrete, D400mm length 44. Intake door has length of 5m made of steel- reinforced concrete M250#, thickness of bottom and wall t=30cm. 28 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) No Work Rehabilitation and upgrade scale component Intake slope ic=0,002. 01 rubbish filter made of metal and 02 wooden door in front of intake upstream. Management - Management road with length of L=257,95m including: right side and section 73m; left side section 184,95m. construction - Width of road base: Bfoundation = 5,0m; Width of road face road Bcover=3,5m; Road side 2x0,75m, slope of road face i=2%; Slope of road side i = 4% to both side; - Road face made of M250 thick 16cm; road base made of level 2 broken stone layer thick 12cm; packed to K98 underneath bottom of road face thick 30cm; base of soil or Filling soil packed to K95. 7. Dong Vat reservoir - Quang Phuong commune - Quang Trach district Reservoir Useful capacity: 0.252 x 106 m3 Main dam - Consolidating dam face to the designed dam width B= 5,0m, dam face: concrete M250 thick 16cm on Layer broken stone thick 12cm, packed to K98 thick 30cm. - Consolidating upstream face with paving stone thick 25cm in frame steel reinforced concrete, in frame 10x5m, reverse filtering layer includes broken gravel layer thick 15cm, Layer filtering sand 15cm. - Downstream face m=2.75 consolidating by planting grass in concrete section M200 made of broken gravel, net sized 7x7m. Downstream face water drainage made of water drainage paving stone thick 25cm on filtering layer including broken gravel layer thick 15cm, Layer filtering sand 15cm. Spillway - Construct new spillway using steel-reinforced concrete on the old location on the right side of reservoir after demolishing the old spillway. Ophixerop spill way made of steel-reinforced concrete with access bridge on top, bottom pressure relieving system and water steps; Anti-infiltration made of upstream frame concrete on upstream part made of concrete M200 depth 2m. Intake - Intake made of steel pipe covered with M250 steel reinforced concrete, regulated by 2 blocking valves in the downstream. Management - Road face made of M250 concrete thick 16cm on level 2 broken and stone layer 12cm, equivalent to type B rural road, width of road construction base 5m, width of road face 3m. road 8. Cay Bom reservoir - Quang Hop commune - Quang Trach district Reservoir Useful capacity: 0.699 x 106 m3 29 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) No Work Rehabilitation and upgrade scale component Main dam - Heighten and rip rap to expand dam top toward the upstream to restore the designed dam width, made of Filling soil packed to K≥0.95. Width of dam top B=5.0m, dam face concrete M250 thick 16cm, padded with plastic panel and level 2 broken stone thick 12cm. - Consolidating upstream face with paving stone thick 25cm in frame steel reinforced concrete, in frame 10x5m, reverse filtering layer includes broken gravel layer thick 15cm, Layer filtering sand 15cm. - Downstream face m=2.75 consolidating by planting grass in concrete section M200 made of broken gravel, net sized 7x7m. - Downstream face water drainage made of water drainage paving stone thick 25cm on filtering layer including broken gravel layer thick 15cm, Layer filtering sand 15cm Spillway - Consolidating spillway face and making access road using steel- reinforced concrete M250 B=5m, connecting water slope to natural pressure relieving ground Intake Demolish intake 1, repair intake 1. Operate the intake by rotating valves D600mm at the intake downstream. The valve house is made of steel reinforced concrete M250, in operation house in steel reinforced concrete M250 frame, brick wall, steel reinforced concrete M250 ceiling. The discharge tank after intake is made of steel reinforced concrete M250, sized (5.0x1.9)m. Rehabilitating the canal section after the intake connecting intake 2 to intake 1, length of 320m, steel reinforced concrete M200, sized (0,6x0,7)m. 9. Buoi Roi reservoir - Quang Hop commune - Quang Trach district Reservoir Useful capacity: 0.564 x 106 m3 Main dam - Heighten and rip rap to expand dam top toward the upstream to restore the designed dam width, made of Filling soil packed to K≥0,95. Width of dam top B=5,0m, dam face concrete M250 thick 16cm, padded with plastic panel and level 2 broken stone thick 12cm. - Consolidating upstream face with paving stone thick 25cm in frame steel reinforced concrete, in frame 10x5m, reverse filtering layer includes broken gravel layer thick 15cm, Layer filtering sand 15cm. - Downstream face m=2.75 consolidating by planting grass in concrete section M200 made of broken gravel, net sized 7x7m. - Downstream face water drainage made of water drainage paving stone thick 25cm on filtering layer including broken gravel layer thick 15cm, Layer filtering sand 15cm 30 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) No Work Rehabilitation and upgrade scale component - Drill fill to prevent infiltration Spillway - Construct new free flow spillway using steel-reinforced concrete M250, width of spillway B=60m. Pressure relieving by water slope made of steel reinforced concrete M250, length of slope L=20m. - Drill and fill concrete in two rows along spillway width at the spillway elevation to prevent infiltration on spillway face Intake - Construct new valve tower and operation house using steel reinforced concrete M250; demolish and reconstruct access bridge using steel-reinforced concrete M250. Replacing operating system; adding valve door for the intake; adding emergency valve. Raising the soil-blocking wall of intake Management - Designing management and construction road as type B rural and road, length of L=1,6km. Width of road base: B foundation = construction 5,0m; Width of road face Bcover=3,5m; Road side 2x0,75m, slope road of road face i=2%; Slope of road side i = 4% to both side; Source: Technical description of the subproject “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2)â€? (Year 2 subproject) 2.3. Resources in use and wastes 2.3.1. Volumes of excavation and filling, materials, and disposal wastes The volumes of construction materials for subproject construction works are summarized in the following table: Table 2- 5: Summary on quantity of major construction materials of the subproject Excava Excavate Filling Concret Wooden ted Stones Steel No Reservoir d soil soil e moulds stone (m3) (tons) (m3) (m3) (m3) (m2) (m3) 1 Vung Mo 23,758.5 14,528.2 0.0 2,710.0 2,252.4 123.2 5.689,5 2 Thanh Son 2,403.8 12,832.2 0.0 2,684.1 2,585.4 27.8 8.992,6 3 Dap Lang 34,313.7 48,850.2 0.0 5,148.2 3,789.1 58.1 10.466,3 4 Dong Suon 24,707.6 8,352.5 0.0 1,509.7 4,618.9 90.4 13.254,1 5 Long Dai 13,673.1 5,087.7 1,623.4 898.6 1,396.0 13.7 4.566,8 6 Thach Truong 24,008.0 17,453.2 0.0 3,341.2 2,770.3 167.6 7.120,5 7 Dong Vat 8,728.9 19,970.3 0.0 1,071.1 1,894.4 81.5 2.991,7 8 Cay Bom 4,083.8 23,732.6 898.9 907.9 4,143.7 28.4 10.499,3 9 Buoi Roi 10,521.5 27,743.3 155.7 1,742.2 4,671.5 215.8 6.823,5 Total 146.198,9 178,550.3 2,677.9 20,013.1 28,121.6 806.6 70,404.3 31 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Source: Technical description of the subproject “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2)â€? (Year 2 subproject) 2.3.2. Transportation vehicles and construction machines To match construction progress and quantity, based on the construction sites, characteristics of works, and sources of materials, the required vehicles and machines are estimated for the subproject as follows: 32 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Table 2- 6: List of vehicles and machines Vung Dap Dong Long Thach Thanh Mo Lang Suon Dai Truong Dong Vat Cay Bom Buoi Roi No Machine Son reservoi reserv reservo reserv reservoi reservoir reservoir reservoir reservoir r oir ir oir r 1 Digger volume 1.25 m3 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 Dozer 108 CV 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 Automatic dozer 110 CV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 Automatic compressor 8-10 T 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 Automatic steel compressor 10.0 T 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 6 Auto-unloading truck 7 T 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 7 Watering truck 5.0 m3 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 8 Concrete compressor - 1.0 kW 3 5 3 3 5 3 3 3 3 9 Diesel air compressor - 360.00 m3/h 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 10 Welder - 23.0 kW 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 11 Air-compressed hammer 3.0 m3/ph 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 12 Steel moulder 5.0 kW 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 13 Automatic compressor 9.0T 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 14 Handheld compressor 80kg 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 15 Plastic pipe welder 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 16 Concrete mixer 250-300 l 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 17 Pumps 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 33 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Source: Technical description of the subproject “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2)â€? (Year 2 subproject) 34 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 2.4. Supporting works 2.4.1. Work camps The average number of workers estimated for each construction work is about 50 people for each reservoir, including about 20 local labors. The amount of local labors (untrained general workers or workers with primary training) accounts for about 40% of total workers required. This group can actively arrange their living activities at their own home, therefore, the subproject does not have to arrange work camp for them. For managers and skilled workers from other locations, the subproject will arrange temporary work camps at unused land near the construction sites. Work camps have to have the electrical and water supply systems, wastewater collection and treatment systems that meet requirements on safety and hygiene as regulated by the Government of Vietnam. 2.4.2. Construction materials - Construction materials mainly use local materials. The main materials are soil, sand, gravel, stone, cement, steel construction. The sources of materials and construction materials are available, easy to exploit and buy and sell conveniently. - Filling soil: each reservoir has its own soil mine located near the construction site, convenient for exploitation and transportation. However, the depth of exploitation is small, on average from 1.0 to 1.5m, the total exploitation amount is mall. The soil is mostly semi-silt mix with broken stone with silt content of 12-18%. This material has high support feature, medium infiltration level (infiltration constant K≈ 5*10-4 cm/s) that can be used for increasing stability of the dam. The lower layer is origin stone with uneven clay and silt. Soil mines locate in the reservoir zones or near the dam in downstream areas. - Other construction materials such as stones, sand, gravels, woods,… are available for purchase locally with transportation distance of 10 to 30km. The transportation routes are convenient. - Main materials, construction materials such as cement, steel, bitumen, brick and paint bricks are taken from Dong Hoi city. Small materials such as welding rod, welding nail, welding wire, water pipes etc ... can be get from the towns near the construction sites. - Sand, gravel, broken stones: can be purchased within the same district having the constructions: My Thuy commune (Thanh Son, Vung Mo, Dap Lang); Long Dai commune and Hien Ninh commune (Long Dai); Ha Su mine – Hung Trach commune (Dong Suon); Tien Hoa commune (Thach Truong, Dong Vat ); Mui Vich commune (Cay Bom, Buoi Roi).… - Stones: can be purchased within the same district having the constructions: Len Bac mine – Phu Thuy commune (Thanh Son, Vung Mo, Dap Lang); Len Ang mine – Son Thuy commune (Long Dai); Ha Su mine - Hung Trach commune (Dong Suon); Tien Hoa commune (Thach Truong, Dong Vat ); Khe Cuoi mine – Quang Dong commune (Cay Bom, Buoi Roi)…. 2.4.3. Disposal sites Based on the construction plan and reuse of excavated soil, designing consultant chooses the solution to plan the disposal site and soil mine at the same location to minimize the impacts of land acquisition and land preparation. The area of soil mine and disposal site for each 35 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) construction work are from 0.6 - 2 ha, which are sufficient to meet the demands for filling soil and disposal of excavated soil. 2.4.4. Construction and transportation routes The routes for transporting the materials and construction machines include mostly the major routes, such as the national highway 1A and provincial highways. Other routes leading to the construction sites are roads level IV and V with low population density or no residents living along, and do not cross any sensitive area, such as schools, hospitals and markets. The transportation of materials and machines is generally favourable. 36 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Table 2- 7: Transportation routes and travelling distances Travelling distance No Reservoir Material Source Vehicle Road Distance Total Road level (km) (km) Soil mine on the Auto- right side of the Soil mine to the construction 1 Filing soil unloading 4 1.0 1.0 dam in Thai site truck Thuy commune Filing soil Soil mine in My Auto- Soil mine to the construction 2 (high silt Ha hamlet, Thai unloading 4 7.0 7.0 site content) Thuy commune truck Inter commune road 4 3.0 Sand mine in Auto- Inter commune asphalt road My 3 Yellow sand My Thuy unloading Thuy commune – Duong Thuy 3 3.0 12.0 Vung Mo commune truck commune I reservoir Inter commune asphalt road 4 6.0 Inter commune asphalt road 4 6.0 Inter commune asphalt road (Kien Giang town – My Thuy, 3 6.0 Auto- Duong Thuy). Broken and Len Sam stone 4 unloading Provincial highway 16 Kien Giang 22.0 bulky stones mine 3 4.0 truck town An Thuy – Son Thuy road 4 4.0 Three-way conjunction from 4 2.0 Hochiminh road to Len Sam 37 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Travelling distance No Reservoir Material Source Vehicle Road Distance Total Road level (km) (km) stone mine. Materials Inter commune asphalt road Auto- (Kien Giang town – My Thuy, 3 6.0 purchased in Kien Giang 5 unloading Duong Thuy). 10.0 Kien Giang town truck town Inter commune asphalt road 4 6.0 Storage of sand, Auto- Jica road 3 3.0 Yellow sand, 1 fine stone My unloading Local road 4 12.0 16.0 fine stone Thuy commune truck Sen Bang road 5 1.0 Hochiminh road 2 11.0 Auto- Provincial highway 16 3 13.0 Thanh Son Broken and Len Bac stone II 2 unloading Jica road 4 11.0 38.0 reservoir bulky stones mine truck Local road 5 1.0 Sen Bang road 6 2.0 Auto- Jica road 3 4.0 Other Center of Le 3 unloading Local road 4 11.0 16.0 materials Thuy district truck Sen Bang road 5 1.0 Storage of sand, Auto- Jica road 3 1.0 Yellow sand Dap Lang 1 fine stone My unloading Inter commune road 4 2.0 5.0 III fine stone reservoir Thuy commune truck Construction work 5 2.0 2 Broken and Len Sam stone Auto- Hochiminh road 2 11.0 31.0 38 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Travelling distance No Reservoir Material Source Vehicle Road Distance Total Road level (km) (km) bulky stones mine unloading Provincial highway 16 3 15.0 truck Jica road 4 1.0 Local road 5 2.0 Construction work 6 2.0 Auto- Jica road 3 6.0 Other Center of Le 3 unloading Inter commune road 4 1.0 8.0 materials Thuy district truck Road within construction site 5 1.0 Auto- East branch of Hochiminh road 3 1 Soil mine Hung 1 Filing soil unloading Inter commune concrete road 4 2 4.0 Trach commune truck Soil road to construction site 5 1 Auto- East branch of Hochiminh road 3 15 Bai tap ket 2 Yellow sand unloading Inter commune concrete road 4 3 19.0 Chanh Hoa truck Soil road to construction site 5 1 Dong Suon IV reservoir Auto- East branch of Hochiminh road 3 18 Broken and Stone mine Phuc 3 unloading Inter commune concrete road 4 2 21.0 bulky stones Trach truck Soil road to construction site 5 1 Materials Provincial highway 3 20 Auto- purchased in Inter commune concrete road 4 2 4 Hoan Lao town unloading 23.0 Hoan Lao truck Soil road to construction site 5 1 town 39 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Travelling distance No Reservoir Material Source Vehicle Road Distance Total Road level (km) (km) Auto- Local road 2 2 Yellow sand, Long Dai sand 1 unloading Hochiminh road 3 3 6.0 base sand mine truck Soil road to construction site 4 1 Auto- National highway 1A 2 10 2 Fine stone Luong Ninh unloading Hochiminh road 3 4 15.0 truck Soil road to construction site 4 1 Auto- Local road 2 9 Long Dai Broken and Stone mine Ang V 3 unloading Hochiminh road 3 1 11.0 reservoir bulky stones Son truck Soil road to construction site 4 1 Auto- Local road 2 19 Tay Bac 4 Pipes unloading Hochiminh road 3 5 25.0 industrial park truck Soil road to construction site 4 1 Auto- Local road 2 6 Other 5 Quan Hau town unloading Hochiminh road 3 4 11.0 materials truck Soil road to construction site 4 1 Auto- Soil road 4 2 Soil mine Le 1 Clay unloading National highway 12A 4 34 36.5 Thach Truong Hoa commune VI truck Soil road to construction site 5 0.5 reservoir Sand mine Tien Auto- Soil road 5 0.2 2 Sand 8.7 Hoa commune unloading National highway 12A 4 8.0 40 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Travelling distance No Reservoir Material Source Vehicle Road Distance Total Road level (km) (km) truck Soil road to construction site 5 0.5 Auto- Soil road 5 0.2 Stone mine Tien 3 Stone unloading National highway 12A 4 6.0 6.7 Hoa commune truck Soil road to construction site 5 0.5 Soil road 5 2.0 Soil mine in Auto- Inter commune road 4 2.0 4 Soil Quang Phuong unloading 13.5 commune truck National highway 12A 4 9.0 Soil road to construction site 5 0.5 Brick factory Auto- National highway 1A 2 4.0 5 Brick Quang Xuan unloading National highway 12A 4 15.0 19.5 commune truck Soil road to construction site 5 0.5 Disposal site in Auto- Soil road to construction site 5 0.5 6 Waste Quang Luu unloading National highway 12A 4 9.0 17.5 commune truck Inter commune road 4 8.0 Brick factory Auto- Inter hamlet road 5 2.0 1 Brick Phong Hoa unloading Inter commune road 3 26.0 31.0 commune truck Soil road to construction site 4 3.0 Dong Vat VII reservoir Inter hamlet road 6 2.0 Auto- Stone mine Tien 2 Stone unloading Inter commune road 3 20.0 25.0 Hoa commune truck Soil road to construction site 4 3.0 41 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Travelling distance No Reservoir Material Source Vehicle Road Distance Total Road level (km) (km) Auto- Inter hamlet road 5 1.0 Sand mine Tien 3 Yellow sand unloading Inter commune road 3 12.0 16.0 Hoa commune truck Soil road to construction site 4 3.0 Inter hamlet road 4 1.0 Sand mine Auto- National highway 1A 2 2.0 4 Base sand Quang Xuan unloading 12.0 commune truck Inter commune road 3 6.0 Soil road to construction site 4 3.0 Filling soil Soil mine near Auto- 1 the reservoir unloading Soil road to construction site 5 0.5 0.5 truck National highway 12A 4 20.0 Sand storage Canh Hoa Auto- National highway 1A 2 14.5 2 Sand, gravel commune, unloading Concrete road (B=3m) to the 36.0 Cay Bom Quang Trach truck 4 0.5 VIII construction site reservoir district Soil road 5 1.0 Stone mine Linh National highway 1A 2 5.3 Thanh – Linh Asphalt road (TL558B) 4 13.5 Thanh company 3 Stone Concrete road (B=3m) to the 20.0 4 0.5 construction site Soil road 5 0.7 IX Buoi Roi 1 Filling soil Soil mine in Auto- Soil road to construction site 5 0.6 0.6 42 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Travelling distance No Reservoir Material Source Vehicle Road Distance Total Road level (km) (km) reservoir Quang Hop unloading commune truck Stone mine Khe Auto- National highway 1A 2 8.0 2 Stone Lau in Quang unloading Provincial highway 22 3 22.0 32.0 Dong commune truck Soil road to construction site 5 2.0 Sand, gravel Auto- National highway 1A 2 13.0 Centre of Ba 3 and Other unloading Provincial highway 22 3 22.0 37.0 Don town materials truck Soil road to construction site 5 2.0 Source: Technical description of the subproject “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2)â€? (Year 2 subproject) 43 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 2.4.5. Construction and electrical supply The energy required is mainly electric for lighting and construction works. Electrical sources and grids are from the electrical network of the commune in the subproject areas. - Vung Mo, Dong Suon, Dap Lang, Dong Vat reservoirs: construction energy from 02 diesel electrical generators 25KVA. - Thanh Son, Long Dai, Thach Truong, Buoi Roi reservoirs: Energy from grid or electrical generators 30 KVA to 50 KVA. - Cay Bom reservoir: energy from electrical substation in Quang Hop commune 22(15)/0,4KV ÷ 100 KVA with distance from construction site of about 350m. 2.4.6. Construction and water supply - Construction water supply: Use the water in the reservoir under construction - Domestic water supply: use drilled or dig well water treated to adequate hygiene. 2.5. Pre-construction works The activities to be conducted in prior to construction phase include: - Geological and topographic surveys: conducted by designing consultant. These activities of surveying and geological drillings are only conducted in the construction sites. - Land acquisition: placing landmarks for land acquisition, conducted detailed measurement surveys, preparing compensation plans, disclosing information and compensation payment. - Unexploded ordnance clearance: for areas that have not had UXO clearance, it requires to carry out UXO clearance before commencing construction activities. - Preparing construction sites: clearing the standing trees and crops to facilitate construction works. - Preparing supporting works: constructing the work camps, setting up the electrical and water connection, preparing the safety instruments for fire prevention, waste collection,… and setting up material piling areas, disposal areas. 2.6. Material transportation plan The construction materials will be transported in phases in according to the construction progress. The first batch of materials will be delivered about 10 days before construction commencement. The transportation activities will be arranged at appropriate timing to minimize the impacts on local people. 44 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 2.7. Operation and maintenance Register for dam and reservoir safety: Dam owner has to prepare and submit registration for dam and reservoir safety to authorized agencies within 30 days from the construction handover and commence of operation. Preparing reservoir operating procedure: has to comply with Irrigation law, Water resources law, and other regulations related and applicable to operation of reservoirs as required by the Prime Minister. Dam owners are responsible for preparing reservoir operating procedure, submitting to authorized agencies for approval before storing water and handing-over to exploitation units. Every 5 years or when the operating procedure is deemed unsuitable, the exploitation unit of the dam and reservoir, or the dam owners have to check and adjust the operating procedure and resubmit to authorised agencies for approval. The operating procedure has to include: a) Legal framework for preparing the manual, operating principles, main technical data, construction duties; b) Regulations on operating of valves (if any); Specific regulations on operation of reservoir in flood season, dry season, in normal condition and in cases of drought, water shortage, salinization, storm, flood, water pollution, and in emergency events; c) Regulation on monitoring scheme, provide information on hydro-climatic monitoring as stated in Article 15 Decree 114/2018/ND-CP; d) Warning activities when discharging floods in normal operation and in emergency: the minimum advance warning before opening the first flood gate; warning sign; warning timing, warning location; responsibilities of stakeholders in disseminating the decision of flood discharge and discharge floods; responsibilities of stakeholders in disseminating the warning of flood discharge. e) Regulations on minimum flow (if any)’ f) Regulations on responsibilities and rights of stakeholders in operating procedure; g) Regulation on institutional arrangement, and procedure to adjust/supplement reservoir operating procedure The operating procedure after being approved will be disclosed publicly as follows: a) Disclose on website of the approving and auditing agencies, the owner and exploitation unit of highly important, large and medium dams b) Disclose at the offices of exploitation units, headworks, and CPC related to the reservoir of small reservoirs Implementing the approved operating procedure: - The dam and reservoir exploitation unit is responsible to operate in compliance with the approved operating procedure and in compliance with Articles 27, 28 and 45 of Irrigation Law and section 3 Article 53 of Water resources law. - The operating activities of reservoir has to be documented in operation record by the exploitation unit. - Every 5 years, the exploitation unit has to conduct check and assessment of operating activities and send results to the dam owner. Dam and reservoir monitoring: The dam exploitation unit is responsible to: a) Monitoring the dam, reservoir and related structures as stated in the design document, and national technical regulations to continuously monitor status of dam safety and stability; 45 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) b) Analysing, assessing and processing the monitoring data; Detecting any abnormality to timely response; Storing the monitoring data as regulated; c) Reporting to dam owner the monitoring results. Monitoring specialised hydro-climatic data: - Dam owner is responsible to maintain budget for monitoring of hydro-climatic data; - The exploitation unit has to collect information on forecast and monitoring of hydro- climatic data as regulated by applicable national technical regulations. - Details and procedure of monitoring are stated in Article 15 of Decree 114/2018/ND- CP. Dam and reservoir checking: The exploitation unit has to check and assess dam and reservoir safety as follows: a) Regularly check and observe on field to timely follow the current status of the dam and reservoir; b) Annually before the rain season, check and assess dam and reservoir safety; Applying measures to actively prevent and response to the damages in order to maintain dam and reservoir safety; c) Annually after the rain season, check to detect any damage; follow-up the situation of dam and reservoir damages; Learn experiences in natural hazard prevention; Propose repair measures and plan to repair, rehabilitate the damage, degrade; d) Right after heavy rain and storm in the water stream or strong earth quake in the construction area, checking is required to assess dam safety; e) In case detecting any emergency damage, report immediately to dam owner, dam manager, authorized agencies, and response immediately to ensure dam and reservoir safety. Dam safety appraisal: The exploitation unit is responsible to appraise in compliance with the approved term of reference. - First appraisal in the third year since the first water storage to normal water level or in the fifth year since the first water storage. - Appraise every 5 years from the last dam appraisal for highly important, large or medium reservoirs. Maintain, repair, modernise dam and reservoir, install monitoring and operating systems, communication equipment, safety warning for dam and downstream area: Dam and reservoir have to be maintained, repaired, upgraded, modernised complying to regulations on quality management and construction maintenance and other applicable regulations. Dam and reservoir have to be repaired and upgraded to ensure construction safety and downstream area annually before rain season in the following cases: a) Damaged, degraded, unsafe conditions; b) Below standard flood discharge levels stated by the applicable national technical regulations; c) Contain risk of erosion. Prepare response plan for natural hazards and emergency: The exploitation unit of dam and reservoir is responsible for preparing, checking, adjusting and supplementing response plans for natural hazards, emergency situations. The natural hazard response plan has to comply to Article 22 Natural hazard prevention law. 46 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Prepare flood map for downstream area: Flood map is a map showing scope and scale of flood in the downstream area of the dam when the reservoir discharges flood in normal operation, in emergency, or when the dam is broken. Dam owner is responsible for preparing and submitting the flood map for approval. Dam and reservoir evacuation: In case of incident affecting dam and reservoir safety, the exploitation unit has to execute evacuation activities, handle the issues, and report to CPC, natural hazard response teams at all level for timely support and execution of response plan. Setup database for dam and reservoir records: The exploitation unit is responsible for establishing database on dam and reservoir. The database has to be regularly and continuously updated throughout the management and exploitation activities. 2.8. Dam Safety Plan A dam safety report (DSR) will be prepared for the subproject. The DSR aims to demonstrate, analyses and propose recommendations on: a) the factors potentially affect safety of dams and auxiliary structures; b) Impacts when the dams or auxiliary structures are broken or malfunctioned due to natural hazards, operator’s misconducts, or structural issues; and c) applicable legal framework at the present and in the future required to avoid or reduce the unfavourable conditions affecting safety of dams. Review and analysis of safety of dam structure: The review and evaluation of dam and appurtenant structures would include, but not limited to, the followings: - Review site exploration data for the foundation and material sources. Note potential adverse effects that may occur by the known geological features. Assess unforeseen conditions and their treatment for relationship to safety and performance of dam and appurtenant structures. - Review appropriateness of type of dam and spillway; adequacy of dam design, including foundation treatment, proposed excavation, selected foundation strength parameters, and seepage and uplift pressure control measures. Note from safety standpoint any unusual aspects or omissions, and suggest measures to be taken. - Review stability and stress analyses and resulting factors of safety for normal, unusual and extreme loading conditions for embankment and concrete dams, spillway structures and outlet works, including determination of seismic loading criteria. - Review the reservoir factors of stability, formation of landslide, wave action, and their effect on dam stability; - Review the flood hydrology methodology and computations for determining the project design flood hydrographs, reservoir routing and spillway sizing. Review the design of spillway facilities including flow conditions, and energy dissipation. Evaluate spillway capability to pass all design floods without endangering the dam. - Review the inlet and outlet works, including its designs, capacity for emergency reservoir draw-down, and sedimentation handling capability. - Evaluate the design of spillway and outlets control device, including the selection of numbers and types of major gates and valves, hoisting equipment and other types of controlling mechanism. Note particularly the redundant 47 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) systems available to operate gated spillways and outlets works during power and operational malfunctions. - Review the designs of diversion works, schedule, hydrology and risk factors associated with diversion during construction and with the closure of diversion works at initial reservoir filling. - Review the adequacy of instrumentation, especially of those instruments or monuments, which would be required in forecasting serious damage or failure. - Review the owners operation and maintenance procedures and emergency preparedness plan, including evaluation of the subproject operation and maintenance factors relating to the safety of dam and assessment of the ability of the owner’s staff to adequately maintain and routinely check the safety of the structure. Review and evaluation of dam safety risk: In addition to ensuring safety of dam structure, it is also necessary for the subproject to assess the potential dam safety risk to the local population and environment located downstream of the dam, including its appurtenant structures. Dam breach although not likely to occur frequently but can cause serious damage when occur. In this context, during preparation of the subproject, either as part of the preparation of the DSR or EMP, the subproject owner should also carry out an assessment on the potential risk to the downstream population/areas. For large and high hazard dam, collection of adequate data, including downstream topographic and land use survey, would be required to simulate a dam breach and downstream flooding under various conditions/scenarios for the preparation of an Emergency Preparedness Plan. Collection of data from the upstream dams and/or activities related to the upper watershed may also be necessary for some dams. Planning and implementation of a capacity building program for the subproject with pilot activities to promote active participation of local communities should be considered. The community surrounding the dam could contribute to the daily visual monitoring, guarding the dam from vandalism action from the strangers, and participate in the simple maintenance works. A pilot community participation in the dam safety should be considered. Sedimentation and degradation of the upper watershed may be critical issue in some river basin. The dam owner must also demonstrate its commitment to allocate adequate O&M budget and periodic dam safety inspection. After completion of works, operation of the subproject dam will be responsible by the subproject dam owner. As a result, safety do dam will be managed by district people’s committees, while technical issues will be instructed and monitored by Department of Water Resources and Flood Management. District people’s committees will be responsible for works within their budget. The engineers and technical officers responsible for operation and maintenance of the reservoirs will have to understands the shortcomings and potential issues. If the situation deteriorates and exceeds the ability of local agencies, the operation units have to report to higher authorities and perform reparation. Proposed dam safety management plan includes: 48 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) − District People’s Committees will prepare specific plans on management of head-works and technical supports; − Management and maintenance works include: management plan and operation plan for each reservoir − Capacity-training for existing staffs and hire qualified officers to manage and operate the dams. − Cooperate with independent experts to perform regular checks on the reservoir systems; − Prepare and update annual plans for emergency responses, including instructions and information related to the beneficiary people and local governments; − Prepare and allocate annual budget of district people’s committees for safety issues. Details on assessment of dam safety and dam safety management plan are included in Dam Safety Report of the subproject. 2.9. Execution progress The subproject includes 09 reservoirs locating scattered in 07 communes of Quang Binh province will be executed in 4 years (from 2019 to 2022) in compliance with investment phases. 49 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Table 2- 8: Execution phases of the subproject works 2018 2019 2020 2021 No Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart er III er IV er I er II er III er IV er III er IV er I er II er I er II er III er IV Dap Lang I reservoir Technical 1 preparation Mặt bằng TC, 2 DÆ°á»?ng Construction 3 platform, roads 4 Earth dam Dong Suon II reservoir Technical 1 preparation Construction 2 platform, roads 1 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 2018 2019 2020 2021 No Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart er III er IV er I er II er III er IV er III er IV er I er II er I er II er III er IV 3 Earth dam 4 Inlet 5 Spillway Thach Truong III reservoir Technical 1 preparation Construction 2 platform, roads 3 Earth dam 4 Inlet 2 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 2018 2019 2020 2021 No Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart er III er IV er I er II er III er IV er III er IV er I er II er I er II er III er IV 5 Spillway IV Buoi Roi reservoir Technical 1 preparation Construction 2 platform, roads 3 Earth dam 4 Inlet 5 Spillway V Vung Mo reservoir 3 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 2018 2019 2020 2021 No Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart er III er IV er I er II er III er IV er III er IV er I er II er I er II er III er IV Technical 1 preparation Construction 2 platform, roads 3 Earth dam 4 Inlet VI Long Dai reservoir Technical 1 preparation Construction 2 platform, roads 3 Earth dam 4 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 2018 2019 2020 2021 No Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart er III er IV er I er II er III er IV er III er IV er I er II er I er II er III er IV 4 Inlet 5 Spillway Dong Vat VII reservoir Technical 1 preparation Construction 2 platform, roads 3 Earth dam 4 Inlet 5 Spillway 5 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 2018 2019 2020 2021 No Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart er III er IV er I er II er III er IV er III er IV er I er II er I er II er III er IV VII Thanh Son I reservoir Technical 1 preparation Construction 2 platform, roads 3 Earth dam 4 Inlet 5 Spillway IX Cay Bom reservoir Technical 1 preparation 6 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 2018 2019 2020 2021 No Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart Quart er III er IV er I er II er III er IV er III er IV er I er II er I er II er III er IV Construction 2 platform, roads 3 Earth dam 4 Inlet 5 Spillway Source: Technical description of the subproject “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2)â€? (Year 2 subproject) 7 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) CHAPTER 3. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORKS 3.1. Compliance in environmental and social assessment The environmental and social assessment of the subproject will comply to the procedure for environmental assessment by WB and the Government of Vietnam. Specifically, environmental and social assessment of the subproject will comply to Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMP) proposed by WB and approved by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in decision number 3893/QD-BNN-KHCN dated September 30th, 2015. Concurrently, in addition to the regulations by the Government of Vietnam and safeguard policies of WB, procedure of environmental and social assessment is also following the Guidance on Environment, Safety and Health by the International Finance Cooperate (IFC) and information disclosure rules of WB. Details on the regulating documents and applicable policies for this subproject are presented specifically in the following sections. 3.2. National environmental and social safeguard policies and legislations 3.2.1. Policies and regulations on the environment - Law on Environmental Protection (No.55/2014/QH13) dated June 23, 2014 regulating issues related to strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment, and environmental protection commitment of development activities; - Law on Environmental Protection (No.55/2014/QH13) dated June 23, 2014 - Law on Water resources number 27/2012/QH13 dated June 21st, 2012; - Decree No. 18/2015/ND-CP) dated February 14, 2015 on Environmental Protection Planning, Strategic Environmental Assessment, Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Protection Plans; - Decree number 19/2015/ND-CP dated February 14th, 2015 by the Government on detailed regulation on execution of the Law on Environmental Protection; - Decree number 38/2015/ND-CP dated April 24th, 2015 by the Government on management of wastes and disposals. - Decree no. 201/2013/ND-CP dated 27/11/2013 by the Government about detailed regulation on execution of the Law on Water Resources; - Decree number 112/2008/ND-CP dated 20/10/2008 by the Government on management, protection, exploitation of natural resources and environment of hydro-electrical and water resources reservoirs; - Circular number 08/2017/TT-BXD dated 16/05/2017 regulating management of construction wastes; - Circular number 27/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 29/05/2015 by Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment about regulations on strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment, and environmental protection plan; - Circular number 36/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 30/06/2015 about management of hazardous wastes. - Order number 26/CT-TTg dated 25/8/2014 by the Prime Minister about the implementation of Environmental Protection Law; - Decision number 22/2006/QD-BTNMT dated 25/12/2006 by Ministry of Natural 8 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Resources and Environment about compulsory application of Vietnam national standards on environment; 3.2.2. Legislative documents related to compensation, assistance when the Government acquires land and assets on land - Constitution of Vietnam 2013; - The Land Law 45/2013/QH13 which has been effective since July 1, 2014; - Decree number 35/2015/ND-CP, dated 13/04/2015 by the Government about management and use of paddy lands; - Decree No.43/2014/ND-CP dated May 15, 2014 guiding in detail some articles of Land Law 2013; - Decree No.44/2014/ND-CP dated May 15, 2014 provides on method to determine land price; make adjusted land price brackets, land price board; valuate specific land price and land price consultancy activities; - Decree No. 47/2014/ND-CP dated May 15, 2014 providing compensation, assistance, resettlement when land is recovered by the State; - Decree No. 38/2013/ND-CP dated April 23, 2013, on management and use of official development assistance (ODA) and concessional loans of WB; - Circular No. 37/2014/TT-BTNMT dated 30 June 2014, regulating compensation, assistance and resettlement when the State acquires land. - Circular No. 36/2014 / TT-BTNMT dated 30 June 2014, regulating method of valuation of land; construction, land price adjustment; specific land valuation and land valuation advisory; - Decision number 22/2014/QD-CPC dated 09/09/2014 by Quang Binh PPC about compensation, assistance and resettlement policies when the Government acquires land in Quang Binh province. - Decision number 35/2015/QD-CPC dated 27/10/2015 by Quang Binh PPC on amendments to some articles of compensation, assistance and resettlement policies when the Government acquires land in Quang Binh province as stated in Decision number 22/2014/QD-CPC dated 09/09/2014 by Quang Binh PPC. - Decision number 36/2014/QD-CPC dated 22/12/2014 by Quang Binh PPC on price table of lands and category of cities, communes, areas, locations of land in Quang Binh province 2015-2019; - Decision number 37/2014/QD-CPC dated 31/12/2014 by CPC Quang Binh PPC on price table of houses, structures to compensate when the Government acquires land in Quang Binh province. - Decision number 08/2015/QD-CPC dated 10/02/2015 by CPC Quang Binh PPC on price table for trees, aquacultural products, graves, and assistance for relocation to compensate when the Government acquires land in Quang Binh province. - Decision number 04/2018/QD-CPC dated 02/02/2018 by Quang Binh PPC on adjustment rate for land price in 2018 in Quang Binh province. 9 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - Decision number 52/012/QD-TTg dated 16/11/2012 about policies on support for career and vocational training for farmers having lands acquired by the Government; - Decision 1956/2009/QD-TTg dated 17/11/2009 by the President about approval of general plan on vocational training for rural labor to 2020; 3.2.3. Policies and regulations related to construction management of investment projects - Construction law No 50/2014/QH13 dated 18/06/2014; - Decree number 42/2017/ND-CP, dated 05/04/2017 about adjustment and supplementations on some articles of Decree No 59/2015/ND-CP dated 18/06/2015 of the Government on the management of investment of construction projects; - Decree No 59/2015/ND-CP dated 18/06/2015 of the Government on the management of investment of construction projects; - Decree No: 46/2015/ND-CP of the Government dated 12/05/2015 on quality control and maintenance of construction works; - Decree No: 32/2015/ND-CP dated 25/03/2015 of the Government on the construction cost management; 3.2.4. National policies on dam safety - Dam ordinance number 26/2000/PL-UBTVBH10 dated 24/08/2000; - Ordinance on exploitation and protection of water resources works number 32/2001/PL- UBTVQH10 dated 04/04/2001; - Decree 114/2018/ND-CP dated 04/09/2018 by the Government about dam safety management; - Decree number 112/2008/ND-CP, dated 20/10/2008 by the Government dated 20/10/2008 about management, protection and exploitation of water resources and environment in hydro-electrical and water resources reservoirs; - Decree number 143/2003/ND-CP, dated 28/11/2003 by the Government about specific executive regulations on some articles of Ordinance on exploitation and protection of water resources works; - Circular number 40/2010/TT-BNN dated 27/05/2011 regulating capacities of organisations, individuals participating in management, exploitation of water resources works; - Circular number 65/2009/TT-BNN, dated 12/10/2009 guiding the activity arrangement and hierarchical exploitation of water resources works; - Circular number 33/2008/TT-BNN, dated 04/02/2008 guiding the execution of some articles in Decree number 72/2007/ND-CP; - Decision number 3562/QD-BNN-TL dated 13/11/2007 about temporary regulation on requirements on technical capacities of dam management unit; 3.2.5. Gender policies - Law on Domestic Violence Prevention and Control 2007; - Law on Gender Equality dated 29/11/2006; 10 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - Law on Marriage and Family 2000; - Decree 126/2014/ND-CP dated 31/12/2014 by the Government about specific regulations of some articles and executive methods to execute Law on Marriage and Family; - Decree number 55/2009/ ND-CP dated 10/6/2009 by the Government about penalties on violation of gender equality; - Decree number 48/2009/ND-CP dated 19/5/2009 by the Government regulating measures to ensure gender equality; - Decree number 08/2009/ND-CP dated 04/02/2009 by the Government about specific regulation and executive guidance for some articles in Law on Domestic Violence Prevention and Control; - Decree number 70/2008/ND-CP dated 04/6/2008 by the Government about specific regulations for execution of some articles in Law on Gender Equality; - Decree number 70/2001/ND-CP dated 03/10/2001 about specific regulations for execution of Law on Marriage and Family; - Joint-circular number 40/2011/TTLT-BLDTBXH-BYT dated 28/12/2011 about regulations on harmful work conditions and works forbid from using female workers, pregnant workers or nursing mother with less-than-12-month-old baby; - Decision number 56/2011/QD-TTg dated 14/10/2011 about statistical indicators for national gender development; - Decision number 301/QD-LDTBXH dated 16/3/2011 by Ministry of Labor – Invalids and Society issuing National Strategy on gender equality in 2011-2020; - Decision number 2351/QD-TTg dated 24/12/2010 by the Prime Minister approving National Strategy on gender equality in 2011-2020; - Resolution number 11-NQ/TW dated 27/4/2007 by Ministry of Politics about women’s role in the period of developing industrialisation and modernisation; - Resolution number 57/NQ-CP by the Government issuing Action plan by the Government in the period to 2020 executing Resolution number 11-NQ/TW dated 27/4/2007 by Ministry of Politics about women’s role in the period of developing industrialization and modernization - Official document number 664/LDTBXHBDG dated 11/3/2011 about guidance for Ministries, departments, local government in preparing executive plan for National Strategy on gender equality in 2011-2020; - Official document number 1854/LDTBXH- BDG about comments on the draft of guide for execution of models to prevent and mitigate impacts of violence based on gender basis. 3.2.6. Policies on ethnic minority development - Decree number 05/2011/ND-CP dated 14/02/2011 by the Government about ethnic minority mission; - Decree number 82/2010/ND-CP dated 20/7/2010 by the Government about teaching 11 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) and studying ethnic minority language at schools; - Joint Circular No. 05/2013-TTLT-CEM-ARD-MPI-TC-XD dated November 18, 2013 guideline of program 135 on support infrastructure investment, production development for extremely difficult communes, border communes, particularly difficult villages; - Circular No.06 dated 20-September-2007 of the Committee for Ethnic Minorities Affair guidance on the assistance for services, improved livelihood of people, technical assistance for improving the knowledge on the laws according the decision 112/2007/QDTTg; - Decision number 2356/QD-TTg dated 04/12/2013 by the Prime Minister issuing Executive action plan for ethnic minority mission to 2020; - Decision number 449/QD-TTg dated 12/3/2013 by the Prime Minister approving the strategic plan on ethnic minority mission to 2020; - Decision No. 54/2012-QD-TTg of the Prime Minister dated December 04, 2012 on promulgation of lending policy for development for particularly difficult ethnic minorities in period 2012-2015; - Decision number 52/2010/QD-TTg dated 18/8/2010 by the Government about legal supports to raise awareness and understanding toward policies on poor ethnic minority people in poor districts in 2011-2020; - Decision number 1956/2009/QD-TTg, dated 17/11/2009 by the Prime Minister approving Overall plan on vocational training for rural labor to 2020; - Decision number 236/QD-UBDT dated 30/07/2009 by Ethnic Committee about establishment of Department for Research and Development of Economic and Social Development Plans in period 2011-2015 for the poorest communes and hamlets in mountainous and ethnic minority regions; - Decision number 102/2009/QD-TTg dated 07/8/2009 by the Prime Minister about direct allowances for poor people in difficult areas; - Decision number 126/2008/QD-TTg about adjustments for some articles of Decision number 32/2007/QD-TTg dated 05/03/2007 about development loans for ethnic minority households in difficult circumstances; - Decision number 198/2007/QD-TTg about adjustment and supplementation of some articles in Decision number 134/2004/QD-TTg dated 20/7/2004 by the Prime Minister about assistance policies on productive land, residential land, houses, and domestic water for ethnic minority households and households in difficult circumstances; - Decision number 32/2007/QD-TTg dated 05/3/2007 by the Prime about development loans for ethnic minority households in difficult circumstances; - Decision No. 05/2007/QD-UBDT dated 06-September-2007 of the Committee for Ethnic Minorities Affair on its acceptance for three regions of ethnic minorities and mountainous areas based on development status; - Decision No.01/2007/QD-UBDT dated 31-May-2007 of the Committee for Ethnic Minorities Affair on the recognition of communes, districts in the mountainous areas; 12 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - Decision No.06/2007/QD-UBDT dated 12-January-2007 of the Committee for Ethnic Minorities Affair on the strategy of media for the program 135-phase 2; - Decision number 146/2005/QD-TTg dated 15/6/2005 by the Prime Minister about policies on acquisition of productive lands owned by agricultural and forest plantations to assign to poor ethnic minority households; 3.2.7. Policies on battling hunger and poverty - Circular number 190/2014/TT-BTC dated 11/12/2014 by Ministry of Finance regulating the execution of allowance policies for electrical bills of poor households and households under preferential treatment policy; - Circular 06 dated 20/9/2007 by Committee of Ethnic People about guidance on assistance for services, livelihood improvement, technical supports to raise knowledge on laws pursuant to Decision 112/2007/QD-TTg; - Decision number 05/2007/QD-UBDT dated 06/9/2007 by Committee of Ethnic People approving 3 ethnic minority regions and mountainous regions based on development status; 3.2.8. Documents related to subproject development - Decision number 1858/QD-TTg dated 02/11/2015 by the Prime Minister approving project list of “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvementâ€? funded by World Bank; - Decision number 4638/QD-BNN-HTQT dated 09/11/2015 by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development approving Feasibility Study Report of the Project “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvementâ€? (WB8) funded by World Bank; - Decision number 3189/QD-BNN-HTQT dated 17/7/2014 by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development allowing preparation of investment and duty assignment for Project owner of the Project “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvementâ€?; - Decision number 957/QD-BXD dated 29/9/2009 by Ministry of Construction about announcement of costs for project management and construction investment consultation; 3.2.9. Other documents - Law on Heritage number 28/2001/QH10 approved on 12/07/2001; - Fire prevention and firefighting law number 27/2001/QH10 approved by the National Assembly on 29/06/2001; - Law on Heritage number 32/2009/QH12 Adjusting and supplementing some articles to Law on Heritage number 28/2001/QH10 approved on 12/07/2001; - Law on Biodiversity number 20/2008/QH12 approved on 13/11/2008. Chapter III- Conservation and sustainable development of natural ecosystem, and Chapter IV – Conservation and sustainable development for faunas; - Law on work safety and hygiene number 84/2015/QH13 approved by the National Assembly on 25/06/2015; - Law on Denunciation number 25/2018/QH14 approved by the National assembly on 12/06/2018; 13 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - Law on grievance number 02/2011/QH13 approved by the National assembly on 11/11/2011; - Law on road transportation number 23/2008/QH12 approved by the National assembly on 13/11/2008; - Law on water resources number 12/2012/QH13 approved by the National assembly on 21/06/2012; - Law on forest protection and development number 29/2004/QH11 approved by the National assembly on 14/12/2004; - Decree number 98/2010/ND-CP dated 21/9/2010 about specific executive regulation on some articles of Law on Heritage and updated Law on Heritage; - Decree number 65/2010/ND-CP dated 11/6/2010 about specific executive regulation on some articles of Law on Biodiversity; 3.2.10. Standards and technical regulations of Vietnam related to environmental protection (i) Water environment: - QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT - National technical regulation on surface water quality - QCVN 09-MT:2015/BTNMT - National technical regulation on underground water quality - QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on domestic wastewater; (ii) Ambient air - QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on ambient air quality - QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on some hazardous substances in ambient air. - TCVN 6438:2001: Road vehicles – maximum permitted emission limits of exhaust gasial. (iii) Soil environment - QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT - National technical regulation on allowable limits of heavy metals in the soils - QCVN 15:2008/BTNMT – National technical regulation on residual of pesticide in soil. (iv) Solid waste management - TCVN 6696:2009: Solid wastes - Sanitary landfill - General requirements for environmental protection; - QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT: National technical regulation on categorisation of hazardous wastes. (v) Vibration and noise - QCVN 26:2010/MONRE – National technical regulation on level of noise. - QCVN 27:2010/MONRE – National technical regulation on level of vibration (vi) Standards on work environment 14 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - Decision number 3733/2002/QD-BYT by Ministry of Health issued on 10/10/2002 about applications of 21 standards on health and work safety related to microclimate, noise, vibration, chemicals – permitted levels for work environment. 3.3. Safeguard policies of World Bank The objective of safeguard policies is to prevent and mitigate undue harm to people and their environment in the development process. Safeguard policies provide a platform for the participation of stakeholders in project design, and act as an important instrument for building ownership among local populations. 3.3.1. Safeguard policies triggered for the Project Five (05) safeguard policies by WB were triggered for this project, including: (1) OP/BP 4.01: Environmental Assessment; (2) OP/BP 4.09: Pest Management; (3) OP/BP 4.11: Physical Cultural Heritages; (4) OP/BP 4.12: Involuntary Resettlement; (5) OP/BP 4.37: Safety of Dams; (6) Thereby, the project is categorized in Category A and has to comply to the aforementioned safeguard policies, and other general requirements on public consultation and information disclosure by WB. 3.3.1. Safeguard policies triggered for the Subproject The safeguard policies triggered for this subproject are: Table 3- 1: World Bank’s safeguard policies triggered Policy Objectives OP/BP 4.01 – This policy is considered to be the umbrella safeguard policy to identify, Environmental avoid, and mitigate the potential negative environmental and social Impacts impacts associated with Bank lending operations. In World Bank Assessment operations, the purpose of Environmental Assessment is to improve decision making, to ensure that project options under consideration are sound and sustainable, and that potentially affected people have been properly consulted. The borrower is responsible for carrying out the EA and the Bank advises the borrower on the Bank‘s EA requirements. The Bank classifies the proposed project into four categories, depending on the type, location, sensitivity, and scale of the project and the nature and magnitude of its potential environmental impacts: A, B, C and FI. This subproject triggered OP 4.01 as it relates to the construction and operation of reservoirs. These activities have certain impacts on the natural and social environment. Based on screening results, the subproject belongs to category B. As regulated in OP 4.01 and regulations by the Government of Vietnam, an ESIA is prepared for the subproject pursuant to ESMF. After being approve, the ESIA of the subproject will be disclosed to the subproject locations, ensure that all the affected people and interest parties will have easy access to sufficient project information. 15 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Policy Objectives The aim of the pest management policy is to minimize and manage the environmental and health risks associated with pesticide use and promote and support safe, effective and environmentally sound pest management. The procurement of any pesticide in a Bank financed project is contingent on an assessment of the nature and degree of associated risks, taking into account the proposed use and the intended user. To manage pests that affect either agriculture or public health, the Bank supports a strategy that promotes the use of biological or OP/BP 4.09 Pest environmental control methods and reduces reliance on synthetic Management chemical pesticides. In Bank- financed projects, the borrower addresses pest management issues in the context of the project's environmental assessment. In appraising a project that will involve pest management, the Bank assesses the capacity of the country's regulatory framework and institutions to promote and support safe, effective, and environmentally sound pest management. The subproject triggered this policy since it contains use of chemicals to treat termites in the dam body. OP/BP 4.11 – Physical cultural resources are defined as movable or immovable Physical Cultural objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, and natural features and Resources landscapes that have archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other cultural significance. Their cultural interest may be at the local, provincial or national level, or within the international community. Physical cultural resources are important as sources of valuable scientific and historical information, as assets for economic and social development, and as integral parts of a people's cultural identity and practices. The Bank assists countries to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts on physical cultural resources from development projects that it finances. The impacts on physical cultural resources resulting from project activities, including mitigating measures, may not contravene either the borrower's national legislation, or its obligations under relevant international environmental treaties and agreements. The borrower addresses impacts on physical cultural resources in projects proposed for Bank financing, as an integral part of the environmental assessment (EA) process. OP/BP 4.12 – This policy is triggered in situations involving involuntary taking of Involuntary land and involuntary restrictions of access to legally designated parks Resettlement and protected areas. The policy aims to avoid involuntary resettlement to the extent feasible, or to minimize and mitigate its adverse social and economic impacts. It promotes participation of displaced people in resettlement planning and implementation, and its key economic objective is to assist displaced persons in their efforts to improve or at least restore their incomes and standards of living after displacement. 16 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Policy Objectives The policy prescribes compensation and other resettlement measures to achieve its objectives and requires that borrowers prepare adequate resettlement planning instruments prior to Bank appraisal of proposed projects. OP 4.37 To ensure that dam safety issues are adequately addressed, especially Safety of Dams for high and/or risky dams; The policy applied to new dams, existing dams, and/or dams under construction that are related to infrastructure to be financed by WB. The safe operation of dams has significant social, economic, and environmental relevance. When the World Bank finances new dams, the Policy Safety on Dams requires that experienced and competent professionals design and supervise construction, and that the borrower adopts and implements dam safety measures through the project cycle. The policy also applies to existing dams where they influence the performance of a project. In this case, a dam safety assessment should be carried out and necessary additional dam safety measures implemented. OP 4.37 recommends, where appropriate, that Bank staff discuss with the borrowers any measures necessary to strengthen the institutional, legislative, and regulatory frameworks for dam safety programs in those countries. Source: Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF), September 2015, Central Project Office (CPO) – Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development 3.3.2. Other regulations Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines issued by IFC with global applicability, including the technical referencing documents, providing inclusive information on the basic definitions and standards for specific sectors and fields, with the purpose of achieving sustainability environmentally and socially. These guidelines require project impact assessment on the community, environment, resettlement, biodiversity, and cultural heritages during the project planning with emphasis on information disclosure, public consultation and encouraged stakeholder participations. When one or more members of the World Bank Group are involved in a project, these EHS Guidelines are applied as required by their respective policies and standards. Information disclosure policy by World Bank: In addition to the safeguard policies, to increase transparency and improve demonstration, the Bank also requires disclosure of information related to the project and the proposed safeguard measures. This policy supports the decision-making process of the borrower by letting the borrower access all information regarding environmental and social aspects of the related projects, as well as the procedures related to the subprojects before appraisal. The information disclosure policy requires that all information has to be disclosed in two languages: English and the local language (Vietnamese) and has to meet the WB standards. Table 3- 2: Summary on environmental impact assessment procedure of World Bank 17 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) and the Government of Vietnam Environmental WB Government of Vietnam impact (OP/BP 4.01 on Environmental (Decree 18/2015/ND-CP, assessment Impact Assessment) Circular 27/2015/TT- activities BTNMT) Screening - Category (A, B, C,FI) - Category: I, II, III and IV in - Not compulsory for each case to Decree 18/2015/ND-CP. categorize, apply safeguard - Set procedure as stated in policies and determine Appendices I, II and III – list environmental assessment (EA). of projects requiring SEA and - WB will categorize a subproject EIA for approval. into one of four categories: A, B, C, - All projects are not listed. or FI, depending on type, location, - The project owner has to sensitivity, and scale, check the project based on the characteristics, importance of its listed projects in Decree potential environmental impacts. 18/2015/ND-CP and consult - Category A: Require full DONRE or VEA for suitable environmental impact assessment, classification and in some case, a specific requirements on EA reports, environmental and social including: management framework is • Projects in Appendices I, required. II, III: SEA or EIA is - Category B: ESIA, ESMF or required ESMP is required. In most case, • Projects in Appendix IV: require ESMF and/or ESMP. No EIA and EPP required - Category C: No EA activity. • Projects out of - Category FI: ESMF is the most Appendices I, II, III, and IV: popular instrument. In case of EPP is required. some identified subprojects before auditing, FI will prepare specific instruments based on the frameworks, such as ESIA or ESMP. Environmental - Depending on the impacts of the - EA instruments such as SEA, assessment project, a set of instruments is EIA or EPP are identified instruments used to meet requirement of WB, based on Appendices I, II, III including: ESMF, specific and IV of Decree environmental assessment, ESIA, 18/2015/ND-CP. local and field EA, risk assessment, environmental audit. The government provides general guide for each instrument. Environmental - WB requires the borrower to - Not require TOR for EA. scope propose TOR for EA and identify - After consulting the local EA scope, procedure, schedule DONRE or VEA on type of 18 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Environmental WB Government of Vietnam impact (OP/BP 4.01 on Environmental (Decree 18/2015/ND-CP, assessment Impact Assessment) Circular 27/2015/TT- activities BTNMT) and draft of EA. EA, the project owner will - For category A project, TOR of prepare EA report. ESIA is required and the scope identification will be executed to prepare TOR for EA reports. Public - During EA, borrower has to - The project owner is consultation conduct consultation with affected responsible to consult groups and local non-government People’s Committee of the organization regarding communes where the project environmental aspects of the is executed; Research and projects with focus on their receive objective opinions perspectives. and requirements of - For category A project, borrower stakeholders to mitigate the has to consult these groups at least adverse impacts of the twice: (a) right after project on natural environmental inspection, and environment, biodiversity before TOR of EA is completed; and community health. and (b) when a draft EA report is - The CPC where the project is prepared. In addition, borrower executed and being directly has to consult these groups affected will be consulted. throughout the project execution The project owner is and when necessary to solve responsible for sending EIA issues related to EA and impacts report to the subproject CPC on them. with request for feedbacks. - For category B project, at least Within 15 working days, the one public consultation is project CPC is responsible to required. send feedbacks if they have - For meaning consultation, no objection to the project borrower has to provide the approval. related project documents timely - Public consultation on the before consultation in a form and direct impacts of the project langue that are understandable will be conducted in form of and easy to access. public meeting, held by - The record of public meeting is project owner and project included in the report. CPC, with the presence of representatives of associations, such as: Father Front Land, social – political groups, vocational association, residential groups, hamlets. All the contents of the meeting are 19 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Environmental WB Government of Vietnam impact (OP/BP 4.01 on Environmental (Decree 18/2015/ND-CP, assessment Impact Assessment) Circular 27/2015/TT- activities BTNMT) recorded fully and truthfully in meeting memorandum. Information - Before WB audit the project, EA - After the EIA report is disclosure report has to be disclosed publicly approved, the project owner to the affected groups and is responsible for preparing, available to all local NGO. When approving and disclosing of WB officially receive the report, EMP at the office of project WB will announce the report in CPC, including the English publicly on WB website. community feedbacks for information, inspection and monitoring (article 16, decree 18/2015/ND-CP). Independent - For category A projects, borrower - Not stated in policies by the environmental keeps the independent EA Government of Vietnam. specialist specialists that are not related to - The project owner has to hire the project to execute EA. a consultant team meeting the - For category A projects with high requirements in section 1 risks or multi-faced article 13 decree environmental concerns, the 18/2015/ND-CP to prepare borrower will hire a consultant EIA report. team consisting of international- standard independent environmental specialists to consult on EA aspects of the project. - The consultant individual or firm will be selected by bidding under strict supervision of WB. Reviewing and - WB reviews the findings and - Ministry of Natural approving of recommendations in EA to Resources and Environment EA report determine if they provide audits and approves EIA of sufficient to handle the WB- projects listed in Appendix funded projects. When the III of this Decree, except the borrower has completed or projects related to national completed part of EA before WB security and safety. participates, WB will review the - The ministries and EA to ensure its compliance to this organizations with equivalent policy. WB can, if necessary, authority as the Ministry require supplement environmental audit and approve EIA of the 20 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Environmental WB Government of Vietnam impact (OP/BP 4.01 on Environmental (Decree 18/2015/ND-CP, assessment Impact Assessment) Circular 27/2015/TT- activities BTNMT) assessment, including public projects belong to their consultation and information assigned investment fields, disclosure. except the projects listed in Appendix III of this Decree; - Province People’s Committee audits and approves EIA of the projects within the province, except the aforementioned projects. - The audit will take place within 45 working days at Ministry level and 30 working days at Department level, and 5 working days at district level after receiving EIA and EPP reports. Number of - No specification on number of - The project owner has to copies and copies submit at least 7 copies of language - Language: English and EIA (depending on the Vietnamese. The EA in number of auditing Vietnamese is required for committee members) and a domestic disclosure and English feasibility report or technical version is for disclosing on WB report of the project in website. proposal. Contents of EA - For category A projects, contents - Contents of EA report has to report of EA report has to comply with comply with Circular Appendix B of OP 4.01. 27/2015/TT-BTNMT. - Scope of EA for category B projects can be differ depending on the project but the EA scope is smaller than category A project. ESMP is an inseparable part of category A EA reports (regardless of the instruments in use). EA for category B projects can be an ESMP with contents stated in Appendix C of OP 4.01. 21 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Environmental WB Government of Vietnam impact (OP/BP 4.01 on Environmental (Decree 18/2015/ND-CP, assessment Impact Assessment) Circular 27/2015/TT- activities BTNMT) EA monitoring - Throughout the project execution, - DONRE is responsible to WB will monitor the monitor the environmental implementation of environmental compliance of the project. activities based on the applicable - When construction phase is environmental policies and the completed, environmental borrower has to prepare the agreed management authorities will reports stated in loan agreement coordinate with construction and other documents regarding management agency to environmental compliance of monitor the environmental borrower. If the compliance fails, management activities as WB will discuss with the listed in EA. borrower to enforce the compliance. 22 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) CHAPTER 4. NATURAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC FEATURES OF THE PROJECT AREAS 4.1. Baseline environmental conditions 4.1.1. Natural environment 4.1.1.1. Geographical and geological features 1. Geographical features Quang Binh province is a coastal province in the Northern of Middle region of Vietnam, the connector of the Northern and Southern regions. The geographic coordination of the province is from 18°05’12’’ N to 17°05’02’’N, and from 106°59’37’’E to105°36’55’’E. The province has long coast of 116.04km on the Eastern side, and shares 201.87km border with Laos. It contains Hon La harbour, Dong Hoi airport, National highway 1A and Hochiminh road, North-south railway, National highway 12 and Provincial highways 20 and 16 connecting from the East to the West via Cha Lo international border and some other border gates to Laos. The subproject “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirâ€? (Subproject year 2) is executed on 09 reservoirs, 07 communes of 04 districts in Quang Binh province: Thai Thuy commune, My Thuy (Le Thuy district); Hung Trach commune (Bo Trach district); Hien Ninh (Quang Ninh district); Quang Lien commune, Quang Phuong, Quang Hop (Quang Trach district). Figure 4- 1: Location of the subproject districts 23 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 2. Topological features Quang Binh province is narrowed and tilted from the West to the East. 85% of total natural area is hills. The total area is divided into the following basic ecological regions: mountain, hill, plain, coast. - Mountain area: Total area of 5,236.16 km2 accounted for 65% of natural area, divided into 3 categories: high mountain, medium mountain and low mountain. + High mountain: on the eastern side of Truong Son range with elevation from 250- 2,000m, decreasing elevation from the West to the East and from the North to the South. The medium mountains are from 1,500 to 2,000m, accounted for 1.05% of total area, locating mostly in the NW of the province, in Minh Hoa and Bo Trach districts. + Low medium mountain area (800-1,500m) accounts for 19.4% of total natural area, locating in Tuyen Hoa, Minh Hoa, Quang Trach, Bo Trach, Quang Ninh, Le Thuy + Low mountain area (258-800m) accounts for 33% of total natural area, presents throughout the province. + Especially, in the mountainous area of Quang Binh province, there is a Karst System of Phong Nha – Ke Bang, covering most forest areas of Bo Trach and Minh Hoa district with total area of over 2,000km2. - Hilly area: total area of 1,677.95km2, accounts for 19.7% of total natural area, can be divided into 3 areas: + Le Thuy, Quang Ninh area, featuring weathered basalt with strongly divided topography, thin and uneven soil layer. + Bo Trach area: from the west of Long Dai river to the South of Gianh river, consisting part of Quang Ninh, Dong Hoi, Tuyen Hoa, with the center of Bo Trach district. This area is a broad strip with thick soil layer, lightly divided. + North Gianh river area: including Quang Trach and a part of Tuyen Hoa district, consists of 2 parts: (i) Tuyen Hoa with hilly and low mountain, thick soil layer; and (ii) Quang Trach with long strip bit heavily weathered. - Plain: Total area of 866.90 km2 accounts to10.95% of total natural area. The plain area of Quang Binh province is narrow, the widest section is 26km, and the narrowest section is 10km. Le Thuy, Quang Ninh plain: 248 km2, Quang Trach plain 161 km2. - Coastal area: the sand strips have crescent or fan shape, total area of 358.40 km2 accounts for 4% of total natural area, elevation from 3 ÷ 4m to 50m, distributed along the coast of the province. The levelling of topography changes clearly from the West to the East. In the West, the slope is gentle with weak dissection, while in the East, the change from medium mountain to plain is sudden. The levels of elevation is strongly divided by the dense river system with high slope. The narrow plain in the West shows original stone, while the East area is featured by sand. The plain is made of sediments at low elevation and easily flooded. The subproject is executed on 09 reservoirs, 07 communes of 04 districts in Quang Binh province: Thai Thuy commune, My Thuy (Le Thuy district); Hung Trach commune (Bo Trach 24 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) district); Hien Ninh (Quang Ninh district); Quang Lien commune, Quang Phuong, Quang Hop (Quang Trach district). The subproject area is mostly hilly and mountainous area. 3. Geological features In order to assess the geology of the subproject area, designing consultants (Joint- venture of Nam Viet Ltd., Tay Ha Construction Consultation JSC., Hoanh Son Survey-Design Consultation Ltd.) had conducted geological surveys at the main dams. The survey results are summarized as follows: a. Vung Mo reservoir: 1 - Layer 1D: Filing soil combination of semi-clay broken gravel grey-brown in color, grey-yellow, state hard flexible ÷ hard. Present from the surface to surveyed depth is a Layer of existing material of dam body with presence in all over the dam body. Thickness of the Layer varies according to dam top, at the dam top inside the stream Thickness of the Layer is about 7.8m. - Layer 2D: semi-clay soil mixed with lots of gravel blue-grey, grey-yellow, grey- brown, state soft flexible ÷ hard flexible. Locating right underneath of Layer 1D, at downstream area of the dam Layer showing on the surface, locating mostly on the base area to the old creek. Surface of the Layer varies in high complexity, Thickness of the Layer varies between 0.6÷1.3m. - Layer 3D: combination of semi-clay broken gravel grey-brown in color, grey-yellow, state hard flexible ÷ hard. Locating right underneath of Layer 2D, on the dam shoulders, Layer showing on the surface, is the covering layer of the original stone presenting widely on most sections of the dam. Thickness of the Layer varies between 0.7÷1.9m. - Layer 4D: Silt stone grey-brown in color, grey-yellow, uneven weathered level from completely ÷ strong, heavily cracked stone, hardness very weak ÷ weak. Locating right underneath of Layer 3D, at some spots on the dam shoulders, Layer showing on the surface, is the original stone layer presenting widely on most sections of the dam. Thickness of the Layer unidentified. b. Thanh Son reservoir: 2 - Layer 1: Filling soil. Main component is silt mixed with some fine stones and gravels, grey-yellow, red-brown. State hard flexible. This layer can be found in all surveyed areas. Layer has thickness varying in sampled holes from 2.10 ÷ 10.2m. - Layer 2: Mixed silt colored red-brown, yellow-brown mixed with fine stone. State hard flexible. This layer locates right underneath Layer 1, can be found in all surveyed areas. Layer has thickness varying in sampled holes from 1,90 ÷ 5,30m. - Layer 2a: Mixed silt colored yellow. State soft flexible. This layer was found only in surveyed hole HK6, locates right underneath Layer 2. Layer has thickness at surveyed hole là 2,60m. - Layer 3: Large stone in thin Layer, mixed with Layers of sand, weathered medium to 1 Geological survey report for Vung Mo resevoir - Hoanh Son Survey-Design Consultation Ltd., January 2018 2 Geological survey report for Thanh Son reservoir - Tay Ha Construction Consultation Jsc., January 2018 25 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) strong. This layer can be found in all surveyed holes, locates right underneath Layer 2 and 2a. This is the final Layer in the survey. Layer has thickness varying in sampled holes from 2,70 ÷ 6,10m. c. Dap Lang reservoir: 3 - Layer 1D: Filing soil combination of silt broken gravel grey-brown in color, grey- yellow, state hard flexible ÷ hard. Present from the surface to surveyed depth, is the Layer of existing material of dam body with presence in all over the dam body. Bottom elevation of the Layer gradually reduces from the dam shoulders to the old creek. Thickness of the Layer varies according to dam top, at the dam top inside the stream Thickness of the Layer is about 8,6m. - Layer 2D: Clay soil blue-grey, ash grey, state soft flexible ÷ hard flexible. Locating right underneath of Layer 1D, at downstream area of the dam Layer showing on the surface, locating mostly on the base area to the old creek. Surface of the Layer is relatively flat. Thickness of the Layer varies between 4,2 ÷ 5,8m. - Layer 3D: Semi-clay soil blue-grey, ash grey, state soft flexible ÷ melting flexible. Locating right underneath of Layer 2D, presence at great depth, mostly on the base area to the old creek. Surface of the Layer varies in high complexity. Thickness of the Layer varies between 1,1 ÷ 2,4m. - Layer 4D: Soil combination of semi-clay broken gravel blue-grey, grey-brown, grey- yellow, state hard flexible ÷ hard. Locating right underneath of Layer 3D, on the dam shoulders Layer showing on the surface, is the covering layer of the original stone with presence on most of the dam base. Thickness of the Layer varies in high complexity, from is about 1,0 ÷ 5,4m. - Layer 5D: Silt stone grey-brown in color, grey-yellow, white-grey, uneven weathered level from completely ÷ strong, heavily cracked stone, at some spots, stones was transformed into clay soil mixed with gravel, large broken stone, hardness very weak ÷ weak. Locating right underneath of Layer 4D, at some spots on the dam shoulders Layer showing on the surface, is the original stone layer with presence in most of the dam base. Thickness of the Layer unidentified. d. Dong Suon reservoir4 - Layer 1D: Filing soil combination of semi-clay broken gravel grey-brown in color, grey- yellow, state hard flexible ÷ semi hard. Present from the surface to surveyed depth, is the Layer of existing material of dam body with presence in all over the dam body. Thickness of the Layer varies according to dam top, at the dam top inside the stream Thickness of the Layer is about 15.4m. - Layer 2D: semi-clay soil blue-grey, grey-yellow, state soft flexible ÷ hard flexible. Locating right underneath of Layer 1D, at downstream area of the dam Layer showing on the surface, locating mostly on the base area to the old creek. Surface of the Layer varies in high complexity. Thickness of the Layer varies between 3.3 ÷ 3.8m. - Layer 3D: Semi-clay soil mixed with lots of organic substances colored black-grey, 3 Geological survey and feasibility study report for Dap Lang reservoir - Công ty TNHH Nam Việt, January 2018 4 Geological survey and feasibility study report for Dong Suon reservoir- Hoanh Son Survey-Design Consultation Ltd., January 2018 26 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) ash grey, state soft flexible ÷ hard flexible. Locating right underneath of Layer 2D, locating mostly on the base area to the old creek. Layer locates deep, Thickness of the Layer is about 4.3m. - Layer 4D: Silt stone - harden sand colored white-grey, grey-yellow, grey-brown, uneven weathered level from completely ÷ strong, most of stones have been transformed into Semi-clay soil mixed with gravel, large broken stone, hardness very weak. Locating right underneath of Layer 3D, locating mostly on the right shoulder. Thickness of the Layer varies between 2.2 ÷ 3.8m. - Layer 5D: Silt stone - harden sand grey-brown in color, grey-yellow, white-grey, weathering level strong, heavily cracked stone, hardness weak. Locating right underneath of Layer 1D, 3D and 4D, on the dam shoulders Layer showing on the surface, presence on most of the construction area. Surface of the Layer varies in high complexity. Thickness of the Layer unidentified e. Long Dai reservoir: 5 - Layer 1D: Filing soil semi-clay - silt mixed with lots of broken gravel colored grey- yellow, grey-brown, state hard flexible ÷ hard. Present from the surface to surveyed depth, is the layer of existing material of dam body with presence widely on all of the dam body. Thickness of the Layer varies according to dam top, at the dam top inside the stream Thickness of the Layer is about 9.5m. - Layer 2D: Filing soil silt mixed with several broken gravel blue-grey, grey-yellow, state soft flexible ÷ hard flexible. Locating right underneath of Layer 1D, is the Layer of existing material of dam body section connecting to dam base, with presence on all dam body. Thickness of the Layer varies according to dam top, at the dam top inside the stream Thickness of the Layer is about 7,8m. - Layer 3D: Semi-clay soil mixed with lots of broken gravel grey-brown in color, grey- yellow, state semi hard ÷ hard. Locating right underneath of Layer 2D, on the dam shoulders and downstream area of the dam, this Layer showing on the surface, is the covering layer of the original stone có locating mostly on the dam shoulders. Thickness of the Layer varies between 1.2 ÷ 2.4m. - Layer 4D: Silt stone grey-brown in color, grey-yellow, blue-grey, uneven weathered level from completely ÷ strong, heavily cracked stone, hardness weak ÷ very weak. Locating right underneath of Layer 3D, at some spots on the left dam shoulder. Layer showing on the surface, is the original stone layer with presence on most of the dam base. Thickness of the Layer unidentified. f. Thach Truong reservoir: 6 - Layer 1D: Filing soil combination of semi-clay broken gravel colored grey-yellow, grey-brown, state hard flexible ÷ hard. Present from the surface to surveyed depth, is the layer of existing material of dam body with presence in all of the Surface of the dam body. Elevation 5 Geological survey and feasibility study report for Long Dai reservoir – Nam Viet Ltd. Company January 2018 6 Geological survey report – FS report for Thach Truuong reservoir - Hoanh Son Survey-Design Consultation Ltd., January 2018 27 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) of Layer surface varies according to dam top, Bottom elevation of Layer at surveyed hole in the creek is +4.78m. Thickness of the Layer varies according to dam top, at the dam top inside the stream Thickness of the Layer is about 5.8m. - Layer 2D: Filing soil silt mixed with some gravel blue-grey, ash grey, state soft flexible ÷ hard flexible. Locating right underneath of Layer 1D, at some sections of upstream dam face, Layer showing on the surface, is the Layer of existing material of dam body section connecting to dam base, with presence all over dam body. Thickness of the Layer varies according to dam top, at the dam top inside the stream Thickness of the Layer is about 1.7m. - Layer 3D: clay soil blue-grey, ash grey, state soft flexible. Locating right underneath of Layer 2D, on the up- and down-stream dam faces, the Layer showing on the surface, locating mostly on the base area to the old creek. Thickness of the Layer varies between 1,3 ÷ 2,9m. - Layer 4D: Soil combination of semi-clay broken gravel colored red-brown, grey- yellow, state semi hard ÷ hard. Locating on the Surface and parts of Surface of the Layer is covered by Layer 1D and 2D, is the covering layer of the original stone with presence mostly on the dam shoulders. Surface elevation of the Layer gradually decreases from 2 dam shoulders to the old creek. Thickness of the Layer is about 1.0m. - Layer 5D: Silt stone colored grey-yellow, grey-brown, uneven weathered level from completely ÷ strong, heavily cracked stone, hardness very weak ÷ weak. Locating right underneath of Layer 3D and 4D, at some spots on the dam shoulders Layer showing on the surface, is the original stone layer with presence on most of the dam base. Surface elevation of the Layer gradually decreases from dam shoulders to the old creek. Thickness of the Layer unidentified. g. Dong Vat reservoir: 7 - Layer 1D: Filing soil combination of semi-clay and round gravel colored grey-yellow, grey-brown, state semi hard ÷ hard. Present from the surface to surveyed depth, is the layer of existing material of dam body with presence in all of the Surface of the dam body. Elevation of Layer top varies according to dam top. Thickness of the Layer varies according to dam top, at the dam top inside the stream Thickness of the Layer is about 3.4m. - Layer 2D: Filing soil semi-clay mixed with lots of round gravel colored grey-yellow, ash grey, state hard flexible ÷ semi hard. Locating right underneath of Layer 1D, at some sections of dam up- and down-stream faces Layer showing on the surface, is the layer of existing material of dam body section connecting to dam base, with presence trải rá»™ng theo dam body. Thickness of the Layer varies according to dam top, at the dam top inside the stream Thickness of the Layer is about 4.3m. - Layer 3D: Semi-clay soil mixed with lots of gravel colored grey-yellow, blue-grey, ash grey, state soft flexible. Locating right underneath of Layer 2D, on the up- and down-stream area of the dam, Layer showing on the surface, locating mostly on the base area to the old creek. Thickness of the Layer varies between 0,7 ÷ 4,9m. - Layer 4D: Semi-sand soil mixed with lots of round gravel colored grey-yellow, ash 7 Geological survey report - FS report for Dong Vat reservoir Hoanh Son Survey-Design Consultation Ltd., January 2018 28 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) grey, state soft flexible. Locating right underneath of Layer 3D, presence unevenly, only found at the surveyed hole in old creek, at elevation of +2.63. Thickness of the Layer over 1.5m. - Layer 5D: Soil combination of semi-clay round gravel mixed with large harden sand colored grey-yellow, grey-brown, state hard flexible ÷ hard. Locating on the Surface, at the base and in the old creek, covered by Layer 3D and 4D, presence on most of the dam base. Surface elevation of the Layer gradually decreases from 2 dam shoulders to the old creek, on the right dam shoulder, at elevation of +20.03 to 1,29. Thickness of the Layer unidentified. h. Cay Bom reservoir: 8 - Layer 1c: Mud soil on the surface. Clay soil mixed with roots of trees and grass. Saturated soil, weak structure, state of flexible melting. This is the sediment of the reservoir and the mud layer on the downstream area and in the local fish ponds. This layer will need to be removed during construction. - Layer 1: Layer of the old dam soil. Mixed clay soil with small broken stones, bulky stone with colours yellow, brown-yellow, spotted red-brown. Medium humidity - low, medium tight - tight, semi hard state. Small broken stones and stones are about 20%, presenting unevenly, sized of 0.2 ÷ 5cm ÷ 10cm. This is the layer of the existing dam, thickness of 3.7m ÷ 4.0m. This layer is highly water absorbent. - Layer 1a: Layer of the old dam soil. Mixed clay soil colored yellow-grey, grey. Moist soil, medium packed, hard flexible to semi hard. Some small broken stones are mixed in the layer. This is the soil of the existing dam, locating underneath Layer 1, thickness of about 5m. This layer is average water absorbent. - Layer 2: Layer Mixed clay soil mixed with some broken stone, colored yellow-grey, blue-grey, grey, hard flexible. Moist soil, medium packed, hard flexible. Layer 2 is only found in the horizontal surveyed hole on the dam, underneath layer 1a, thickness from 0.8m ÷ 1.9m. - Layer 3: Layer Mixed clay soil with lots of broken stones, colored yellow-grey, blue- grey, ash grey, hard flexible to semi hard. Moist soil, medium packed, hard flexible to semi hard. Broken stones account to about 30 ÷ 40%, sized = 0.2÷10cm, hard. Layer 3 is only found in the horizontal surveyed hole on the dam, underneath layers 1a, 2, thickness from 1.1 ÷ 1.4m. - Layer 4: Layer Mixed clay soil colours yellow, brown-yellow, spotted red-brown, semi hard. Medium moist, medium packed to tight packed, semi hard. - Layer 5: This layer is the results of completed weathering process of stones, with colors of yellow-brown, light grey, yellow. The weathered layer is clay mixed with lots of silt, tight packed, semi hard. The layer remains some traces of the original stone. Layer 5 can be found in all the dam, in most of the surveyed holes, thickness varies between 0.9m ÷ 1.6m. Layer 5 medium to hardly absorbent. - Layer 6: Layer is the results of heavily weathering process of stones, with colors of yellow-brown, light grey, yellow. Soft stones with cracks. Thickness of Layer between 1.5m ÷ 1.8m. Layer 5 medium absorbent. - Layer 7: Silt stone layer is medium to heavily weathered, colored grey to light black. 8 FS report for Cay Bom reservoir – Hanoi – Quang Binh Construction consultation JSC, January 2018 29 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Stone is structured as Layers. Medium hard stones with cracks. Cracks along layer surface and crack surface has iron substances. Layer 7 was found only in the horizontal surveyed hole along the intake, the survey depth has not get over this layer. i. Buoi Roi reservoir9 - Layer 1: Filling soil dam body: semi sand with light particles mixed with broken gravel. Colored grey-yellow. State semi hard, tight pack. Broken gravels are relatively round, scattered unevenly, mostly at the depth of 2.0÷3.0m; - Layer 2: Semi-clay soil with fine particles, colored ash grey black-grey. State soft flexible to hard flexible. Medium to tight packed, organic mud soil. at surveyed hole number 2 found some fine stone gravels mixed in. - Layer 3: Semi-clay soil mixed with fine stone, gravel. Colored grey-yellow, black-grey. State soft flexible to hard flexible. Medium packed. Fine stone gravel are relatively round, scattered unevenly. - Layer 4: Semi-clay soil lẩn fine stone, gravel, large gravel. Colored grey-yellow, black- grey. State hard flexible, tight packed. Fine stone gravel, are relatively round, scattered evenly in the layer. - Layer 5: Rhyolite stone mixed with some mica plates. Colored black-grey. Structured parallelly. Can be broken easily with a hammer, the cracks follow the layer surface. The sample rate of RTC=10%, RQD = 10%. Thickness of Layer unidentified. 4.1.1.2. Climate and weather conditions The subproject area locates in the tropical monsoon regions, with high temperature, light regime, precipitation and moisture. However, Quang Binh province has a harsh climate regime, affected by strong South West wind from March to September, resulting in droughts. From October to February, the province is affected by North East wind with rain, resulting in floods. Featuring weather characteristics of the subproject area include: â?– Temperature The hear regime in Quang Binh varies greatly, characterized by features of monsoon climate. The temperature increases from the South to the North and from the East to the West with small variation between years. The average annual temperature is 25.0oC. The hottest months are June, July and August. June is the month with highest temperature and January is the coldest month. 9 Geological survey report for Buoi Roi reservoir - Hanoi – Quang Binh Construction consultation JSC, January 2018 30 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Figure 4- 2: Monthly average temperature of Quang Binh province (2006 ÷ 2016) Source: Data from National Hydrological and Weather forecast Center â?– Sun regime The high sun season has over 100 sun hours/month from August to October every year. In which, three months with the highest sun hours are May, June, July with the total sun hours of from 215-260 hours/month, equivalent to 7.2-8.7 sun hours/day, in which the highest sun hour record is in May. Winter months have low sun hours, from November to February, the average sun hours per month is below 100 hours. The month with lowest sun hours is December, about 62-73 sun hours, equivalent to 2.2-2.6 sun hours/day. Especially in the mountain areas, February has foggy weather all the month so the sun hour is the lowest. The amount of sun hours is on increasing trend in April and May while reduce quickly in October and November as these are the season changing period. 31 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Figure 4- 3: Amount of sun hours per month at Dong Hoi station (2006 ÷ 2016) Source: Data from National Hydrological and Weather forecast Center â?– Humidity In Quang Binh, dry season is in the same period of active SW wind in summer, while rain season comes with NE wind of winter. The data on relative humidity in Dong Hoi station indicates that the humidity in the subproject area is high. The average humidity is about 82.8%. The differences between months of the year are not significant. The months with highest humidity are January, February and March. June has the lowest humidity. Figure 4- 4: Average monthly humidity at Dong Hoi station (2006 ÷ 2016) Source: Data from National Hydrological and Weather forecast Center â?– Precipitation Rain regime in Quang Binh province varies strongly in different seasons and years. Rain 32 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) season begins in August and ends in November. The rain period is mainly in September, October and November. The annual average precipitation is about 2,000-3,000mm/year. The months with lowest rain amount are February and March. The wettest month is October (388.4mm), makes u 30-40% of total annual rainfall. 600 500 Lượng mÆ°a (mm) 400 300 200 100 0 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Các tháng Figure 4- 5: Monthly average precipitation in Quang Binh province (2006 ÷ 2016) Source: Quang Binh Statistical Yearbook 2016 â?– Evaporation In Quang Binh province, the average annual evaporation is 960-1200mm in the coastal plains, 800-100mm in the low mountain areas. Evaporation tends to gradually decreases from the East to the West, similar to temperature trend. The total evaporation in the summer months is higher than winter period. Total evaporation amount in summer is summed of figures from May to August (4 months), equivalent to 543-67mm – proportioned at 55-60% of total evaporation yearly. The remaining 8 months has total evaporation of 411-511mm – about 40-45% of total annual evaporation. In winter months, monthly evaporation is low and stable in all months. Evaporation variation between the plain and the mountainous area is shown clearly in summer. The highest monthly evaporation of the year is in July (at the same time as the dry and hot SE wind). The lowest figure was recorded in February. 33 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 250 200 Lượng bốc hÆ¡i (mm) 150 100 50 0 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Các tháng Figure 4- 6: Average monthly evaporation at Dong Hoi station (2006 ÷ 2016) Source: Data from National Hydrological and Weather forecast Center â?– Wind regime Quang Binh province locates in the tropical monsoon region, therefore, it has two main win season: winter and summer winds. The typography affects wind direction but does not reflect correctly the wind circulation. However, the dominant wind direction shifts clearly in seasons. Average wind speed in winter is higher than in summer. Annual average wind speed in the coastal plain is 2.5 – 3.0m/s, 2.5m/s in the mountainous area. Average wind speed gradually decreases from the East to the West, demonstrating the effect of typography on wind speed and wind direction. Average wind speed does not vary in seasons of the year. Figure 4- 7: Monthly average wind speed at Dong Hoi station (2006 ÷ 2016) Source: Data from National Hydrological and Weather forecast Center â?– Storms and floods Quang Binh province is one of the middle region provinces with complex features of climate and typology. It is affected by most of the popular natural hazards in Vietnam with high frequency and intensity, including storms, tropical depression, flood, flash flood, river and 34 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) coastal erosion, drought, sand storm, extreme cold, lightning storm, lighting, landslides, monsoon winds, salinization, high tide,… in which the most common hazards are storms, floods, tornado, landslide, river and coastal erosion, sand storm. The weather has two distinctive seasons: dry season from March to August, rain season from September to March. Rains often occur in September, October and November. Storms and floods take place from September to middle of December annually, mostly in October and November. In storms, tropical depression often occurs with heavy rain, high tides, causing floods in the plains and flash flood in the hilly and mountainous regions. Other natural hazards such as small tide floods often occur from April to June annually. Tornados, lightning storm and hail take place all year around. Table 4- 1: List of common natural hazards in Quang Binh province by priority Severe impact High impact Medium impact Light impact Floods Land Forest fire Rising sea level sinking/cracking Storm, tropical Extreme cold Tornado Salt water flood depression River and coastal Hail Sand storm Lightning erosion Flash flood Seasonal wind Lighting storm Hail Erosion Due to the typological features of the province with a general slope from the West to the East, the rivers in Quang Binh province are short and sloppy, water flows at high speed and floods remain for a long time. The province has high risk of floods due to storm. The records floods in Quang Binh province show that there are three main weather events causing floods: - Tropical storms and depressions - Tropical storms and depressions combined with cold air movement - Cold air movement combined with other weather types Among these three weather events, tropical depression is the most common type in the province. From 2008 to 2018, the province has had 52 storms at all scales (on average, the province is affected by 5 storms annually). From December 13 to 17, 2018, Quang Binh province had flood levels in the rivers from 3-6m and 2-4m in the downstream areas. The flood peak in Quang Binh province was over alert level 1, at alert level 2 and over alert level 2. Floods often occur in large areas. Flash floods and erosion mostly take place in the mountains. Low lands and plain areas often have floods. Quang Binh province has high risk of natural hazard at alert level 1. The causes of floods and erosion in Quang Binh province include: 35 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - Due to the reservoirs and dams are broken or lack of components, especially the systems that have been constructed long time ago and managed by local people; Operation activities with several weaknesses and difficulties also contributes to complicate flood situation and hinder responding process in the downstream area. Flood discharge of the hydroelectrical factories is also lack of planning. - Road system and other infrastructures cross evacuation roads. Width of access bridges and intakes are not enough for quick flood discharge. The aquaculture activities also contribute to the rise of sea level due to the construction of aquaculture ponds. On the other hand, the river mouths have not had dyke systems to prevent flood. Large reservoirs in the upstream area do not maintain duties in regulating flood water to reduce flood in the plain areas. As a result, the stormwater concentrates and causes floods in the plains along the rivers. 4.1.1.3. Hydrology Sine the width of Quang Binh province is small and the slope is high, the rivers are short and have high slope with swirl inside the stream, flow direction from the West to the East. The flows in a year diverse with the average flow of 57l/s/km2 (equivalent to 4 billion m3 year). Water regime differs greatly between 2 seasons of rain and dry, but the floods do not stretch long due to good stormwater drainage. Quang Binh province has dense hydrological system with high potential for hydro- electrical production, aquaculture, and water transportation. From North to South, Quang Binh province has 5 river systems: Roon river, Gianh river, Ly Hoa river, Dinh river and Nhat Le river. - Roon river system: Start from Thuong Tho, with length of 65km and height of 100m, the basin area is 275km2 and discharges to East sea at Bac Ha mouth. The basin area is 261km2, river density 0.8km/km2. - Gianh river system: start from Phu Co Pi and height of 1,350m. This is the largest river system in the province with length of 158km, average width 38.8km, length of stream 121km, basin area of 4,680km2, including areas of districts Tuyen Hoa, Minh Hoa, Quang Trach and a part of Bo Trach district. River density 1.04 km/km2. - Ly Hoa river system: this is the shortest river of the province, has length of only 22km and height of 400m, flows in SW – NE direction to Ray hamlet, then in East direction to Ly Hoa mouth. The river basin has area of 177km and river density 0.70 km/km2. The river has 3 level-1-branches, which are all short and small, exists within the Southern area of Bo Trach district. - Dinh river system: this is the narrowest river among 5 major rivers of the province. The river has length of 37.5km and 3 small branches. The river originates from the mountainous area Ba Ren – Bo Trach, at height of 200m. The river has basin area of 212km2, average width of 8.5km. The river is short and has high slope, low water level in both winter and summer (only in flood events, the river has significant amount of water). River density 0.93 km/km2. - Nhat Le river system: This is the second largest river of Quang Binh province. If measuring from Kien Giang origin to Nhat Le river mouth, the river has length of 96km. Nhat Le river system has basin area of 2,647km2. The river system includes 24 branches with average basin area of each branch is 45km2, river density of 0,84 km/km2. 36 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) In general, Quang Binh province has dense river system; the average river density is 0.8÷1.1 km/km2. Due to the narrow shape and the presence of Truong Son range in the West, Quang Binh province’s rivers are mostly short and sloppy. The whole province has 160 natural and manmade lakes with total volume of 243.3 million cubic meter. In conclusion, the province has a hydrological condition favorable for providing sufficient irrigation for the production and lives of local people. Some features of hydrological and flows in the subproject areas are summarized in the following table: 37 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Table 4- 2: Features of hydrological and flows in the subproject areas Value Thanh Dap Dong Long Thach Dong No Parameter Unit Vung Mo Cay Bom Buoi Roi Son Lang Suon Dai Truong Vat reservoir reservoir reservoir reservoir reservoir reservoir reservoir reservoir reservoir 1 Basin area Km2 2.65 9.26 2.95 2.7 0.8 5.8 1.7 0.68 6.5 2 Standard flow (Q0) m3/s 0.125 0.512 0.138 0.116 0.0324 0.23 0.067 0.0269 0.257 3 W0 106m3 0.065 0.309 0.083 0.058 0.0167 0.139 0.041 0.0139 0.155 Frequency P= 85% 4 m3/s 64.24 205.25 72.76 97.23 33.47 167.6 58.19 27.542 240.8 (Q85%) Flood frequency P= 5 m3/s 77.96 249.73 92.49 117.4 42.10 203.3 71.09 31.244 300.1 1.5% (Q1.5%) 6 Total average flow W0 m3/s 3.954 16.153 4.349 3.67 10.22 7.24 2.12 0.848 8.105 Total flow P=85%, 7 m3/s 2.042 9.745 2.625 1.839 0.525 4.37 1.28 0.438 4.888 W85% Source: Technical description of the subproject “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2)â€? (Year 2 subproject) 38 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 4.1.2. Current conditions of natural environment In order to assess the current quality of the environment in the subproject area, PPMU has cooperated with Safeguard consultant to conduct field surveys, monitoring and quality analyses of environmental components (air, surface water, underground water, and soil). Current conditions of the subproject area are assessed using 02 main methods: - On-site rapid assessment: is conducted for atmospheric and water environment; - Laboratory analysis: is conducted for atmospheric, water, and soil environment. 4.1.2.1. Current condition of the air environment and noise - Surveying parameters including: Temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed, total suspended particles, concentrations of pollutants: CO, SO2, NO2 and noise. - Surveying method and equipment: measuring and taking samples continuously in one day. Methods of taking samples, measuring, and analyzing satisfy the applicable standards of Vietnam. - Surveying locations: Surveying locations are summarized in the following table: Table 4- 3: Surveying locations for air environment and noise level Projection VN 2000 (Central longitude 105, 6 No Location Symbol degree) X (m) Y (m) I Vung Mo reservoir 1 Main dam KK1 588730.86 1897905.81 2 Soil mine/Disposal site KK2 588585.09 1898350.31 3 Management road, section crossing KK3 589158.84 1897964.92 4 residential area area Material piling 588797.34 1897709.68 KK4 II Thanh Son reservoir 1 Main dam KK1 593949.20 1896983.48 2 Soil mine KK2 594327.17 1897334.09 3 Management road KK3 594166.03 1896451.69 Transportation road, section crossing 4 KK4 593567.54 1897018.54 residential area III Dap Lang reservoir 1 Main dam KK1 586009.74 1899050.29 2 Dập phụ KK2 586211.55 1898873.16 3 Soil mine KK3 586211.85 1898873.13 39 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Projection VN 2000 (Central longitude 105, 6 No Location Symbol degree) X (m) Y (m) 4 Management road, section crossing KK4 586749.93 1899476.07 residential area IV Dong Suon reservoir 1 Main dam KK1 539452.60 1948298.57 2 Soil mine KK2 539584.30 1948490.83 Management road, section crossing 3 KK3 539275.84 1948103.77 residential area 4 Spillway KK4 539392.96 1947994.07 V Long Dai reservoir 1 Main dam KK1 566100.59 1917056.00 2 Cống lấy nÆ°á»›c KK2 566088.84 1917445.47 3 Soil mine KK3 566339.46 1917292.32 4 Bãi Dổ thải KK4 566188.70 1916962.74 5 DÆ°á»?ng HCM Dông KK5 566251.92 1917143.44 VI Thach Truong reservoir 1 Main dam KK1 531822.18 1967111.99 Transportation road, section crossing 2 KK2 532054.56 1966804.88 residential area (QL 12 A) 3 Management road KK3 531694.32 1967317.43 4 Soil mine KK4 532118.45 1966862.36 VII Dong Vat reservoir 1 Main dam KK1 538857.36 1967743.81 2 Soil mine KK2 539024.02 1967610.65 3 Management road KK3 539397.70 1967622.93 VIII Cay Bom reservoir 1 Main dam KK1 537200.63 1982846.33 2 Disposal site KK2 537497.71 1982783.96 3 Management road, section crossing KK3 537262.04 1982536.48 4 residential area road Transportation KK4 536973.08 1982778.22 IX Buoi Roi reservoir 40 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Projection VN 2000 (Central longitude 105, 6 No Location Symbol degree) X (m) Y (m) 1 Main dam KK1 531449.56 1984318.11 2 Soil mine KK2 531626.89 1984114.76 Management road, section crossing 3 KK3 531272.08 1984064.10 residential area Analytical results: Current conditions of air environment and noise level are assessed based on the on-site rapid assessment and analytical results in the laboratory. The summary of surveying results for air environment and noise level is presented in the Appendix 06. ➢ Comments and assessment on air environment quality The results of the quality of air environment at surveyed locations in each reservoir in the subproject indicate that - Total suspended particles (TSP) values at all surveyed locations of 09 reservoirs vary from 18ï?­g/m3 (KK1 – Thach Truong reservoir) to 41ï?­g/m3 (KK2 – Cay Bom reservoir), 7.3÷16.6 times lower than the approved limit; - Concentrations of the pollutants CO, SO2, NOx surveyed at 09 reservoirs fluctuate between 1,230÷2,730ï?­g/m3; 12.0÷17.0ï?­g/m3; 11.0÷15.0ï?­g/m3 – several times smaller than the approved limit in QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT – National technical regulation on ambient air quality. As a conclusion, based on the surveyed results at the representative locations of the subproject works, ambient air quality in 09 reservoirs is generally good; there is no sign of pollution due to dust or other pollutants such as CO, SO2, NO2. Most reservoir systems in the subproject locate far away from the residential areas, or in the areas with few residents. The air environment at these areas are not directly affected by living and production activities of human, such as dust and emissions from transportation vehicles, emissions from burning fossil fuels,… Moreover, the reservoirs in this subproject mostly locate in the hilly regions with a lot of trees surrounding, hence, the air environment is generally kept clean. The following figures represent the surveyed values of some representative substances in air environment of the subproject reservoir areas. 41 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 350 Hàm lượng bụi TSP (μg/m3) 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Hồ VÅ©ng Hồ Thanh Hồ Ä?ập Hồ Ä?ồng Hồ Long Hồ Thạch Hồ Ä?ồng Hồ Cây Hồ Bưởi Mồ SÆ¡n Làng Suôn Ä?ại TrÆ°á»?ng Vạt Bốm Rá»?i Các hồ thuá»™c TDA Bụi TSP QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT Figure 4- 8: Total suspended particle recorded at the dam top of subproject reservoirs 250 Nồng Ä‘á»™ SO2 TSP (μg/m3) 200 150 100 50 0 Hồ VÅ©ng Hồ Thanh Hồ Ä?ập Hồ Ä?ồng Hồ Long Hồ Thạch Hồ Ä?ồng Hồ Cây Hồ Bưởi Mồ SÆ¡n Làng Suôn Ä?ại TrÆ°á»?ng Vạt Bốm Rá»?i Các hồ thuá»™c TDA SO2 QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT Figure 4- 9: Concentration of SO2 at the dam top recorded at the dam top of subproject reservoirs 4.1.2.2. Current conditions of water environment a. Current conditions of surface water environment - Surveying parameters including: PH, BOD, COD, DO, SS, total P, total N, Ammonia, Nitrate, As, Hg, Zn, Pb, Fe, total Cr, Coliform. - Method: On-site rapid assessment and taking samples to analyse in the laboratory, pursuant to regulations of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. 42 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - Sample storing method: the samples are taken in the procedures as regulated by applicable regulations of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. The samples are tightly stored and keep in cool condition throughout the transportation process from site to lab. - Surveying locations: Surveying locations are presented in the following table: Table 4- 4: Surveying locations for surface water quality Projection VN2000 (central longitude 105, 3 No Surveying location Symbol degree) X (m) Y (m) I Vung Mo reservoir 1 Water in the canal of the reservoir NM1 588659.32 1897573.14 Reservoir water near the construction site of 2 NM2 589080.20 1898228.39 Main dam II Thanh Son reservoir 1 Water in the inlet NM1 594237.16 1896875.45 2 Water in the canal of the reservoir NM2 593941.37 1897150.94 3 Reservoir water NM3 593386.25 1896917.29 III Dap Lang reservoir Water in the canal of the reservoir near the 1 NM1 586691.96 1898580.40 Disposal site Reservoir water near the construction site of 2 NM2 586322.32 1899028.12 Main dam IV Dong Suon reservoir 1 Water in the canal of the reservoir NM1 539493.96 1948191.52 Reservoir water near the construction site of 2 NM2 539299.72 1948295.82 Main dam V Long Dai reservoir 1 Reservoir water near the disposal site NM1 566218.47 1917422.04 2 Water in the canal of the reservoir NM2 556028.94 1917404.10 Reservoir water near the construction site of 3 NM3 556085.13 1917308.12 Main dam VI Thach Truong reservoir 1 Water in the canal of the reservoir NM1 531586.95 1967216.61 Reservoir water near the construction site of 2 NM2 531785.56 1967235.05 Main dam 43 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Projection VN2000 (central longitude 105, 3 No Surveying location Symbol degree) X (m) Y (m) VII Dong Vat reservoir Water in the canal of the reservoir near 1 NM1 539080.42 1967758.15 Disposal site Reservoir water near the construction site of 2 NM2 538865.10 1967636.75 Main dam VIII Cay Bom reservoir 1 Water in the canal of the reservoir NM1 537267.95 1982797.20 Reservoir water near the construction site of 2 NM2 537008.34 1982888.97 Main dam IX Buoi Roi reservoir 1 Water in the canal of the reservoir NM1 531393.14 1984411.09 Reservoir water near the construction site of 2 NM2 531260.89 1983984.33 Main dam • Analytical results: the current condition of the surface water environment is assessed based on the results of on-site rapid assessment and analyses in the laboratory. Summary of the results for surface water quality is presented in the Appendices. Assessments: The analytical results of the current conditions of the surface water environment shown in Table 2-8, Table 2-9, Table 2-10 demonstrate that the surface water at all the surveyed locations have identified parameters significantly lower than the approved limits of QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT, column B1. Most reservoirs show normal results, all the analytical results are within the approved limits of QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT, column B1: National technical regulation on surface water quality, For irrigation or other purposes with similar requirements of water quality. Since the reservoirs do not have to receive wastewater from any industrial park or nearby residential areas. Quality of the water samples collected from the reservoirs, the canals, or intakes all have parameters lower than the approved limits. The 09 reservoirs in this subproject are all for water resources purposes, provide irrigation for the neighbouring areas, and do not receive wastewater from any nearby residential areas or industrial parks. Values of some major parameters analysed in the collected water samples include: - Concentrations of COD fluctuate between 6.3÷27mg/l found at sampling locations of NM2 - Concentrations of COD between 8.3÷24.7mg/l found at sampling locations of NM1 - Thanh Son reservoir and NM2 - Cay Bom reservoir lower than the approved limits 1.2÷3.6 times; 44 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - Concentrations of TSS vary 26÷39.5mg/l found at sampling locations of NM1 - Dong Vat reservoir and NM2 - Thach Truong reservoir lower than the approved limits 1.2÷1.9 times; - All the water samples collected show “not detectedâ€? result regarding heavy metal contents: As, Hg, Pb and total Cr. b. Current condition of underground water environment - Parameters to survey including: pH, DO, SS, hardness CaCO3 , Nitrate , Ammonia, Chlorite, Fluorite, As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Hg, Fe, Coliform. - Method: On-site rapid assessment and taking samples to analyse in the laboratory, pursuant to regulations of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. - Sample storing method: the samples are taken in the procedures as regulated by applicable regulations of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. The samples are tightly stored and keep in cool condition throughout the transportation process from site to lab. - Surveying locations: Surveying locations are presented in the following table: Table 4- 5: Surveying locations for underground water Projection VN2000 (central No Location Symbol longitude 105, 6 degree) X (m) Y (m) I Vung Mo reservoir Water sample from drilled well of Mr. 1 NN1 589236.51 1897627.41 Pham Van Thom Water sample from dug well of Mr. 2 NN2 589189.85 1898156.31 Nguyen Van Nhuong II Thanh Son reservoir Water sample from drilled well of Mr. Le 1 NN1 593811.55 1897165.16 Cong Khanh Water sample from drilled well of Mrs. 2 NN2 593411.42 1896749.40 Nguyen Thi Diep III Dap Lang reservoir Water sample from drilled well of Mr. 1 NN1 586669.53 1899361.66 Truong Quang Hong Water sample from drilled well of Mrs. 2 NN2 586759.53 1898959.26 Pham Thi Phia IV Dong Suon reservoir Water sample from drilled well of Mr. Le 1 NN1 539443.27 1947961.09 Xuan Uyen 45 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Projection VN2000 (central No Location Symbol longitude 105, 6 degree) X (m) Y (m) Water sample from drilled well of Mr. Bui 2 NN2 539351.36 1948353.19 Quoc Toan V Long Dai reservoir Water sample from drilled well of Mr. 1 NN1 566185.89 1917041.19 Tran Huu Dien Water sample from drilled well of Mr. 2 NN2 566415.85 1917423.79 Phan Van Son VI Thach Truong reservoir Water sample from drilled well of Mr. 1 NN1 531921.85 1966928.47 Nguyen Chi Vinh Water sample from drilled well of Mr. 2 NN2 531590.00 1967323.57 Nguyen Van Tien VII Dong Vat reservoir Water sample from drilled well of Mr. 1 NN1 539297.91 1967583.32 Pham Tien Dung Water sample from drilled well of Mrs. 2 NN2 539412.06 1967960.56 Nguyen Thi Mai Loan VIII Cay Bom reservoir Water sample from drilled well of Mr. 1 NN1 537116.86 1982871.66 Nguyen Thanh Hai Water sample from drilled well of Mrs. 2 NN2 537193.04 1982603.82 Nguyen Thi Lien IX Buoi Roi reservoir Water sample from drilled well of Mr. 1 NN1 531625.81 1984040.57 Dinh Minh Thien Water sample from drilled well of Mrs. 2 NN2 531195.06 1983946.43 Mai Thi Khoa Analytical results: the current condition of the underground water environment is assessed based on the results of on-site rapid assessment and analyses in the laboratory. Summary of the results for underground water quality is presented in Appendix 06. ➢ Comments and assessments on underground water quality The samples of underground water collected at the residential areas near 09 subproject reservoirs are mostly water from filtered drilled wells, and natural dig wells. Analytical results indicate that the quality of underground water at the subproject areas are good, therefore, the local people have access to hygienic water sources. The values of parameters analyzed in the water samples are within the approved limits of underground water quality (QCVN09- 46 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) MT:2015/BTNMT), in which, some parameters show not detected results for heavy metal contents (As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Hg) and Fluorite. Values of some parameters found within the limit of technical standard are: - Hardness of the collected samples varies between 75 ÷ 92mg/l at sampling locations of NN1 - Thach Truong reservoir and NN2 - Vung Mo reservoir. lower than the approved limit 5.4÷6.6 times; - Concentrations of Fe in the analyzed samples vary between 1.75 ÷ 2.79 mg/l (at sampling locations of NN1 - Dong Suon reservoir and NN2 - Cay Bom reservoir) lower than the approved limit 1.79÷2.8 times. 600 500 Ä?á»™ hard (mg/l) 400 300 200 100 0 VÅ©ng Mồ Thanh SÆ¡n Ä?ập Làng Ä?ồng Suôn Long Ä?ạiThạch TrÆ°á»?ngÄ?ồng Vạt Cây Bốm Bưởi Rá»?i Các hồ thuá»™c TDA Ä?á»™ cứng CaCO3 QCVN 09-MT:2015/BTNMT Figure 4- 10: Hardness CaCO3 of the underground water in the subproject reservoirs 4.1.2.3. Current condition of soil environment - Parameters to analyse including: Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Cr, Fe, As. - Survey and analysis method: The samples were taken at the depth of 0.25cm with weight of 01, then divided into 4 parts, stored in non-reactive tanks and transported to the laboratory for analyzing, pursuant to applicable regulations; - Surveying locations: Soil samples were taken at the same time as taking water samples, the locations of surveying locations for soil environment are presented in the following table: Table 4- 6: Surveying locations for soil environment Projection VN2000 (central No Location Symbol longitude 105, 6 degree) X (m) Y (m) I Vung Mo reservoir 1 Field soil near the dam foot D1 589051.87 1898101.86 II Thanh Son reservoir 47 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Projection VN2000 (central No Location Symbol longitude 105, 6 degree) X (m) Y (m) 1 Field soil near the dam foot D1 593610.85 1897183.49 III Dap Lang reservoir 1 Field soil near the dam foot D1 586177.63 1899287.31 IV Dong Suon reservoir 1 Field soil near the dam foot D1 539353.53 1948226.84 V Long Dai reservoir 1 Field soil near the dam foot D1 566686.41 1917469.46 VI Thach Truong reservoir 1 Field soil near the dam foot D1 531651.02 1967172.21 VII Dong Vat reservoir 1 Field soil near the dam foot D1 538915.56 1967824.99 VIII Cay Bom reservoir 1 Field soil near the dam foot D1 537146.88 1982748.16 IX Buoi Roi reservoir 1 Field soil near the dam foot D1 531258.03 1983891.69 Analytical results: the current condition of the soil environment is assessed based on the results of on-site rapid assessment and analyses in the laboratory. Summary of the results for soil quality is presented in Appendix 06. ➢ Comments and assessments on quality of soil environment The contents of heavy metals in the soil samples collected in rice fields near the dams in subproject areas are within the approved limits of QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT: National technical regulation on approved limits of some heavy metals in soil. - Concentration of Cd varies between 0.052 ÷ 0.095 mg/kg dry soil (found in soil samples in Dap Lang reservoir and Dong Vat reservoir) lower than the approved limits 15.7 ÷ 28.8 times; - Concentration of Cu varies between 2.3 ÷ 3.2 mg/kg dry soil (found in soil samples in Dap Lang reservoir and Buoi Roi reservoir) lower than the approved limits 31.25 ÷ 43.7 times. 48 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 120 100 Hàm đượng Cd (mg/kg đất khô) 80 60 40 20 0 VÅ©ng Mồ Thanh Ä?ập Làng Ä?ồng Suôn Long Ä?ại Thạch Ä?ồng Vạt Cây Bốm Bưởi Rá»?i SÆ¡n TrÆ°á»?ng Các hồ thuá»™c TDA Cu QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT (Ä?ất Nông nghiệp) Figure 4- 11: Concentration of Cu in the sampled soil 4.1.3. Biodiversity Quang Binh province locates in the North Truong Son biodiversity region – where contains diverse and distinctive flora and fauna ecosystems with several rare and precious genes. The featuring biodiversity of Quang Binh province is region of Karst system in Phong Nha – Ke Bang. Regarding animals: there are 493 species, including 67 mammals, 48 reptiles, 297 birds, 61 fishes,... with numerous rare and precious species, such as Ha Tinh langur, bear, tiger, saola, large deer, white-tail-indigo pheasant, black-crest indigo pheasant, partridges,... Regarding flora: with total forest area of 486,688ha, including 447,837ha natural forest and 38,851ha man-grown forests, there are 17.397 ha pine forest and 146,386 ha land without forest. Quang Binh has several high valued wooden trees and forest products. Quang Binh province is one of the provinces with highest stock of woods nationally. The current wood stock is 31 million cubic meter. In addition, Quang Binh has a long coast of 116.04km with 5 river mouths, including two large mouths with several habors: Nhat Le, Gianh, Hon La, Vinh Hon with water surface area of 4 km2, depth >15m, surrounded by numerous islands: Hon Ha, Hon Co, Hon Chua, capable of taking in ships with capacity between 30-50 thousand tons without dredging. The coast has lots of beautiful spots, a large land area at 2.6 times of land area of Quang Binh, creating an enormous productive area, containing precious and rare species, such as lobster, king prawn, squid, coral. In the North of the province, there is a white coral reef in large area. This is the source for production of handicraft and a coral ecosystem, facilitating the integrated coastal economy. The subproject areas are mostly hilly and plain area. These types of lands are favourable for growing rice, industrial trees and forest. The flora and fauna systems of the subproject areas are summarised in the following table: 49 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Table 4- 7: Featuring floras and faunas in the subproject areas No Reservoir area Floras Faunas - Rice, cassava, taro, corn, - Buffalo, cow, pigeon, peanut, beans, vegetables, bee, poultry, freshwater 1 Vung Mo chives, ginger, rubber tree, fishes. pepper tree, pine tree. - Acacia plant, rubber tree - Buffalo, cow, pig, goat, 2 Thanh Son - Rice, cassava, corn. fish and some poultry. - Rice, corn, taro, potato, - Buffalo, cow, pig. 3 Dap Lang cassava, peanut, pepper tree, rubber tree. - Rice, corn, taro, potato, - Buffalo, cow, pig, poultry, 4 Dong Suon cassava, peanut, pepper tree, fishes rubber tree. - Rice, peanut, rubber tree, pepper - Buffalo, cow, pig, dog. 5 Long Dai tree, vegetables colored. - Rice, corn, cassava, peanut, - Buffalo, cow, pig, dog. 6 Thach Truong vegetables colored, rubber - Aquaculture: prawn, fish. tree. - Rice, peanut, chilly, potato, - Buffalo, cow, pig, dog, cassava, beans, vegetables, poultry, duck 7 Dong Vat bitter melon, melon, corn, gum tree, acacia plants - Acacia plant, gum tree, rubber - Buffalo, cow, pig and tree. poultry. 8 Cay Bom - Rice, potato lang, peanut, taro, from, purple sweet potato, cassava, watermelon - Rice, corn, taro, potato, - Buffalo, cow, pig, rabbit, cassava, from purple sweet poultry. potato, melon, winter melon, 9 Buoi Roi chives, peanut, beans, chilly, curcumin. - Rubber tree, pepper tree, pepper tree, avocado. Source: Field survey, January 2018 4.2. Socioeconomic and cultural environment 4.2.1. General features on the affected areas 09 subproject reservoirs locate in 07 communes in 04 districts of Quang Binh province: Thai Thuy commune, My Thuy (Le Thuy district); Hung Trach commune (Bo Trach district); Hien Ninh (Quang Ninh district); Quang Lien commune, Quang Phuong, Quang Hop (Quang Trach district. 50 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) In general, the socioeconomic states of these 07 subproject communes are developed similarly with agriculture (cultivating and animal farming) as the major economic component. The cultural and social activities in the subproject communes have been developed positively, social security is maintained, life of the residents are stabilised, national security is maintained. Together with the development of economy and society, environmental protection has also received proper attention. Local governments have conducted activities to raise awareness on public environmental protection, increase rate of waste collection and treatment (domestic solid waste and wastewater) to 96-98%, meeting environmental requirement of the subproject during the construction phase. 51 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 4.2.1. Population In 2017, the total population of the province is 882,505 people. Majority of the population are Kinh ethnic. Other ethnic groups include Chut and Bru-Van Kieu ethnics with the main groups: Khua, Ma Lieng, Ruc, Sach, Van Kieu, May, Arem, etc. living in two mountainous districts Tyen Hoa and Minh Hoa, and a minor proportion lives in Western districts, such as Bo Trach, Quang Ninh, Le Thuy. The population density differs between regions of the province. 80.31% lives in the rual areas and 19.69% in urban areas. The province has 215,245 households, household size average 4.1 heads/household. On average, each year the provincial population increase by 4,000-5,000 people. Regarding gender, female population accounts for 50.3%, male – 49.7%. Regarding age, people from 0-59 years olds account for 90.9% of the provincial total population. This figure indicates that the province has a young population. The proportion of people below 15 years old is 37.9%. This group represents an abundant reserved labour resources for the province. Population density of the province is 110 people/km2, relatively low comparing to other provinces and cities in Vietnam. The population distribution is uneven between regions, mostly concentrates in cities and plain areas, such as Ba Don town: 660 people/km2, Dong Hoi city: 764 people/km2, on the other hand, Bo Trach district only has 87 people/km2, Quang Ninh district - 76 people/km2. The uneven population distribution between regions has significant impacts on the construction of infrastructures for transportation, electrical supply, water supply, water resources works, schools, healthcare centres,… facilitating production and life of the communities living in high mountainous and dissected areas. Table 4- 8: Demographic features of the subproject areas Subproject area Natural Number Population population No of HH (people) increase (%) Vung Mo reservoir - Thai Thuy commune - Le 1 Thuy district 1356 4852 0.58 Thanh Son reservoir - Thai Thuy commune - 2 Le Thuy district Dap Lang reservoir - My Thuy commune - Le 3 1675 5639 0.56 Thuy district Dong Suon reservoir - Hung Trach commune - 4 2850 11683 0.52 Bo Trach district Long Dai reservoir - Hien Ninh commune - 5 2132 6168 0.5 Quang Ninh district Thach Truong reservoir - Quang Lien 6 1006 4125 0.6 commune - Quang Trach district Dong Vat reservoir - Quang Phuong commune 7 2147 8576 0.5 - Quang Trach district 52 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Subproject area Natural Number Population population No of HH (people) increase (%) Cay Bom reservoir - Quang Hop commune - 8 Quang Trach district 1866 6686 0.43 Buoi Roi reservoir - Quang Hop commune - 9 Quang Trach district Source: Summary from Reports on 2017 socioeconomic development and 2018 socioeconomic development plan of the subproject communes; Quang Binh Statistic Yearbook 2017. Dân số các xã 14000 12000 11683 10000 8000 8576 6000 6686 6168 5639 4000 4852 4125 2000 0 Xã Thái Thủy Xã Mỹ Thủy Xã HÆ°ng Xã Hiá»?n Ninh Xã Quảng Liên Xã Quảng Xã Quảng Hợp Trạch PhÆ°Æ¡ng Figure 4- 12: Population of the subproject communes The population of the communes in the subproject areas differ significantly. This might be the result of the differences in natural and socioeconomic features of the communes and aftermath of the emigration to cities for work. The biggest differences can be observed in 02 areas: Hung Trach commune - Bo Trach district with total population of 11683 people while Quang Lien commune - Quang Trach district has only 4125 people. Household size: According to the survey on 150 households, the average household size is 4.13 people/household. The proportion of HH with 4-5 people is the highest figure (64.7%). Only 16% of all households have 2-3 people. Some households are lone elder households. The number of households with more than 5 people accounts for 19.3%. The largest household has 7 people living together. These are the large household with 2 -3 generations living together. The specific household sizes of the subproject communes are summarised in the following table: Table 4- 9: Household size More than 5 2-3 people 4-5 people Commune people Total No of HH % No of HH % No of HH % 53 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Thai Thuy 5 3.3 21 14.0 6 4.0 32 commune My Thuy 1 0.7 7 4.7 2 1.3 10 commune Hung Trach 3 2.0 9 6.0 4 2.7 16 commune Hien Ninh 4 2.7 18 12.0 6 4.0 28 commune Quang Lien 3 2.0 7 4.7 5 3.3 15 commune Quang Phuong 2 1.3 13 8.7 2 1.3 17 commune Quang Hop 6 4.0 22 14.7 4 2.7 32 commune Total 24.0 16.0 97.0 64.7 29.0 19.3 150.0 Source: SES January 2018. 4.2.2. Socioeconomic features general and the subproject areas specifically has all increased. The indicators of socioeconomic development of the province are all met or exceeded the plans. Economic sectors have shifted in positive direction. The economic features of the subproject areas are summarised in the following tables. Table 4- 10: Economic sectors of the subproject areas Agriculture – Industry – Forestry - Commerce - No Subproject area Construction Aquaculture Service (%) (%) (%) 1 Thai Thuy commune 64.5 17 18.5 2 My Thuy commune 67 10 23 3 Hung Trach commune 42.9 32.5 24.6 4 Hien Ninh commune 71.2 15.1 14.7 5 Quang Lien commune 63.3 23.7 13 6 Quang Phuong commune 45.3 31.7 23 7 Quang Hop commune 42.63 8.72 42.63 Source: Summary from Reports on 2017 socioeconomic development and 2018 socioeconomic development plan of the subproject communes; Quang Binh Statistic Yearbook 2017. 54 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Xã Thái Thủy Xã Mỹ Thủy Xã HÆ°ng Xã Hiá»?n Ninh Xã Quảng Xã Quảng Xã Quảng Trạch Liên PhÆ°Æ¡ng Hợp Nông lâm – Thủy sản (%) Công nghiệp – Xây dá»±ng (%) ThÆ°Æ¡ng mại dich vụ (%) Figure 4- 13: Proportion of economic sectors in subproject communes Based on the statistics and the figure above, the proportion of Agriculture – Forestry - Aquaculture is highest in all economic sectors of the subproject areas. This statistic demonstrates that these communes mainly focus on agricultural development due to the effective operation of water resources in the province. Agriculture – Forestry – Aquaculture plays an important role in the local economy. The SES survey shows that the sampling population of 150 households has totally 620 people. Hence, the average number of people per households in the sampling population is 4.13 people. Higher than the average household size of Dong Hoi city – 3.5 people (Quang Binh Statistic Yearbook, 2017). Regarding the directly affected group (59 HH with 347 people). The average HH size is 4.18 people, equals to the average HH size of the whole sampling population. Regarding gender of HH headers, the male-headed households accounts for 54.36%, while the proportion of female-headed households is 45.64%. Occupation Results of survey on occupation of 150 HH (620 people) in the sampling population are summarised in the following table: Table 4- 11: Main occupation of surveyed population No Content Number Rate 1 Agriculture – Forestry - 51,6 Aquaculture 320 2 Trades and services 40 6,5 3 Government officers 24 3,9 4 Students 84 13,5 5 Workers 35 5,6 6 Military 6 1,0 7 Housewife 15 2,4 8 For hire 56 9,0 55 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 9 Unemployed 9 1,5 10 Young children under working age 31 5,0 Total 620 100 Source: SES January 2018 The statistical table shows that most people in the survey works in agricultural sector. As a consequence, the execution of this subproject will ensure water supply for irrigation and facilitate the local economic development. The SES results for 150 HH sampling households show that the respondents’ age are from 18 to 65 years old. On average, there are 21 HH/commune participated in the survey. The people in age group of 30-55 which are the main bread-earners and the main source of income for the family, account for 70%, The 18-30 year-old group contributed to 14.5% and 55-65 age group proportioned at 13.1%. Regarding the person directly answered the survey, head of HH accounts for 86.2% and 12% are spouse of HH header. Only 1.8 respondents are offspring or parent of HH header. Most of the respondents are HH headers or elders. They have sound understanding of their own socioeconomic status, and socioeconomic issues in the commune. This is also the group of decision-maker in the HH. Table 4- 12: Proportion of age of main workers Percentage of age of main workers No. of Number surveyed Commune 18 – 30 yo. 30 – 45 yo. 46 – 55 yo. 55 – 65 yo. HH of AH Thai Thuy 14 46 25 15 32 16 commune My Thuy 15.2 51 22.8 11 10 3 commune Hung Trach 13.1 53.3 19.9 13.7 16 5 commune Hien Ninh 13.8 48.2 22 16 28 16 commune Quang Lien 17.1 58.6 18.4 5.9 15 2 commune Quang Phuong 15.7 52.8 25 13.2 17 7 commune Quang Hop 12.4 51.7 18.8 17.1 32 10 commune Total 150 59 Source: SES January 2018 Income and living standard of the households The results show that the surveyed households have average income of 3-5 million dong/person/month (80/150 HH - 53%). Income level between 5-8 million dong/person/month is found in 43 households – 29%. In addition, there are 27 households with income level higher than 8 million dong. Table 4- 13: Household incomes 56 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) No Income (million dong) Number of households Percentage 1 3-5 million dong 80 53 2 5-8 million dong 43 29 3 > 8 million dong 27 18 4 Total 150 100 Source: SES January 2018 18% 53% 29% 1 - 3 triệu đồng 3 - 5 triệu đồng >5 triệu đồng Figure 4- 14: Incomes of surveyed households Regarding living standards, 150 households have answered the questions related to their living standards. Most of them assessed their living standard at average level (110 HH – 73.33%); here are 40 households rated their family as high living standard. No household in the survey is poor household as classified by Decision 59/2015/QD-TTg. 4.2.3. Culture - Society Located at a facilitating location, Quang Binh province is the intersecting place for cultural exchange between regions, where receives the economic development values at the same time as retaining its distinctive traditional cultures with several festivals, fork culture, and culinary. Moreover, this is also a place containing Bau Tro heritages, Hoa Binh, Dong Son and Sa Huynh heritages. These cultures help to expand and develop the historical achievements of the places and contribute to the harmonization of ethnic groups between the historical Quang Binh and the national culture. In the history, Quang Binh province had established several famous cultural villages, such as “Bat danh huongâ€?, “Son- Ha- Canh - Tho- Van- Vo- Co – Kimâ€?. A number of famous people in the history and nowadays were also born in Quang Binh province, including Duong Van An, Nguyen Huu Canh, Dang Dai Luoc, Dang Dai Do, Nguyen Dang Tuan,Nguyen Ham Ninh,Hoang Ke Viem, General Vo Nguyen Giap,Hoang Thanh Dat,Le Vu Hoang,Nguyen The Quynh, ... 57 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Majority of the population in Quang Binh province is Kinh ethnic. The minority groups only account for a small proportion. The most populated groups are Chu and Bru-Van Kieu ethnic, including the main groups as Khua, Ma Lieng, Ruc, Sach, Van Kieu, May, Arem, ... They settle mainly in mountainous districts of Tuyen Hoa, Minh Hoa and some western districts Bo Trach, Le Thuy, which are all the distanced areas, near the border, where the natural conditions are harsh and socioeconomic is underdeveloped. However, during the process of production and coping with natural conditions, the ethnic minority groups have developed and maintained their valuable distinctive cultural values. Quang Binh province has a history of over 400 years of establishment and development, holding a long historical value attached to the protection and development of the Nation. Concurrently, Quang Binh province is also known as the place of famous people, beautiful landscape, the intersection and concentration of several cultures. This feature is clearly demonstrated by the system of 99 historical cultural monuments and famous landscape, in which 51 of them are national heritages and 38 are provincial heritages. The archaeological heritage of Hoa Binh culture can be found at several places in the province. This phenomenon affirms the origin of development. Then the presence of Bau Tro culture expanded and developed the achievements of the pre-historical civilization in the cultural exchange and coming toward the harmonization between native Quang Binh people and national culture. Quang Binh province has 2 ethnic minority groups: Chut and Bru-Van Kieu ethics with 5,607 HH – 24,499 people, proportioned at 2.3% of total provincial population. The Bru-Van Kieu groups include 4 ethnics: Van Kieu, Khua, Ma Coong, Tri. Chut groups include 5 ethnics: Sach. May, Ruc, A Rem, Ma, Lieng. The other minority groups include Tho, Muong, Tay, Thai, Pa Co,… The number of ethnic minority people in Quang Binh province is small, distributes unevenly in several ethnic groups, in which some ethnic groups only have hundreds of people, such as A Rem, Ruc,… They live mainly in the distanced places, near the border, where the natural and socioeconomic conditions remain challenging. However, during the development and coping with the existing conditions, the ethnic minority groups of Quang Binh province have created and maintained several physical and non-physical values, and also greatly contributed to the protection and building of Quang Binh province. In general, Quang Binh province has high population and great labour resources, a diverse culture that is rich and valuable. However, the province still has several population and labour limitations, such as: population distribution is highly uneven between regions; education level is low, especially in the rural and distanced areas; the labours are largely untrained, lack of high-skilled labour and specialists. As a result, education and training to improve labour capacity is in great demand and is an emergent duty as well as long-term strategy for the province to meet the socioeconomic development and international integration requirements. In the subproject areas, near 3/9 reservoirs, there are cultural and religious places, but these monuments are only at local level. Long Dai reservoir (Hien Ninh commune) locates 620m South of the Truong Son war hero monument in Long Dai ferry station; Thach Truong reservoir (Quang Lien commune) locates 1.2km West of Ninh Thuan church; Cay Bom reservoir (Quang Hop commune) is 600m NE of Thuy Vuc church. 58 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 4.2.4. Healthcare Healthcare has received adequate attention by the Government; The healthcare infrastructure and equipment have been improved; The healthcare officers have received trainings to strengthen capacity; the healthcare system is also consolidated and developed to 1,935 beds in the whole province. Activities to prevent and control contagious diseases have been taken seriously. HIV/AIDS prevention and control activities are also promoted. The quality of health services in the 7 subproject communes has continuously improved. The healthcare centres have successfully executed the national health program and expanded immunisation program. The awareness of local people regarding healthcare and disease prevention has been raised. The rate of using health insurance in the whole province also increased significantly and has brought several benefits to the people. Birth control activities are also applied effectively. The number of households with the third child is on downward trend. Table 4- 14: Number of people receiving healthcare services in the subproject areas in 2016 No Subproject area Number of people 1 Thai Thuy commune - Le Thuy district 3,227 2 My Thuy commune - Le Thuy district 2,333 3 Hung Trach commune - Bo Trach district 3,113 4 Hien Ninh commune - Quang Ninh district 3,474 5 Quang Lien commune - Quang Trach district 3,700 6 Quang Phuong commune - Quang Trach district 1,905 7 Quang Hop commune - Quang Trach district 2,440 Source: Summary from Reports on 2017 socioeconomic development and 2018 socioeconomic development plan of the subproject communes; Quang Binh Statistic Yearbook 2017. 4,000 3,700 3,474 3,500 3,227 3,113 3,000 2,333 2,440 2,500 1,905 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 Xã Thái Thủy Xã Mỹ Thủy - Xã HÆ°ng Xã Hiá»?n Ninh Xã Quảng Xã Quảng Xã Quảng - huyện Lệ huyện Lệ Trạch - huyện - huyện Liên - huyện PhÆ°Æ¡ng - Hợp - huyện Thủy Thủy Bố Trạch Quảng Ninh Quảng Trạch huyện Quảng Quảng Trạch Trạch 59 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Figure 4- 15: Number of people receiving healthcare services in the subproject areas in 2016 The numbers of people received healthcare services at the healthcare centres in the subproject communes are remarkably different. This phenomenon indicates that the quality of health services, and the importance of periodical health check significantly differ between communes. The execution of the subproject will help to increase the water storage capacity of the reservoirs, contribute to stabilise the water sources, improve quality of underground water, providing fresh water for life of local people and reduce the risk of diseases due to unhygienic water uses. Public health: Most of the subproject communes are separated from neighbouring locations by the mountains and rivers. The general environmental conditions are clean and unpolluted. Therefore, these areas are not affected by diseases from nearby areas. The common diseases are mainly related to weather changing or harsh natural conditions, including popular diseases, such as diarrhoea, flu, cold, eye infections,… The common diseases reported by the 150 surveyed HH in the past 12 months include flu/headache (80%) as the most common issue, followed by respirational problems (54%) and fever (30%). Some popular health problems in the last 12 months reported by the surveyed HH are: Table 4- 15: Popular health issues Health issue Number of households Percentage Flu 120 80.0 Respirational issues 81 54.0 Fever 45 30.0 Cholera 8 5.3 Hepatitis 2 1.3 Food poisoning 6 4.0 Accidents 5 3.3 Source: SES January 2018 Healthcare services: According to responses from the respondents, the most popular place for health check is the local healthcare centre (54.7%), followed by the district hospitals (20%). The proportion of people seeking healthcare in private hospitals is low (4%). Only 5.3% of responded households buys medicines by themselves without doctor consultation. The local healthcare centres and district hospitals are the most popular healthcare places since they are the closest to the respondents’ residence. Only in case of more serious illness, the local people seek health checks at province and central hospitals, which locate further from their home. The specific healthcare places that respondents go to are summarised in the following table: Table 4- 16: Healthcare places used by respondents No Place Number of HH Rate 1 Local healthcare centers 82 54.7 2 District hospitals 30 20.0 3 Province hospitals 20 13.3 4 Central hospitals 4 2.7 60 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 5 Private hospitals in the commune 4.0 6 6 Buy medicines by themselves 5.3 8 Total 100 150 Source: SES January 2018 Participation in health insurance: The group with highest participation rate in health insurance is pupils and students (100% of children in school age has health insurance). 30% of HH with health insurance are social policy HH (retired people, retired officers, social policy households) 4.2.5. Education The province currently has 620 schools and education centres with over 225,600 learners. The network of schools at all level is relatively stable, gradually and stably developing in the direction of diversifying in types to match the socioeconomic development of the province and demands of the learners. The promotion to maintain number of students in all education levels is maintained and actively conducted. Although the province still facing several difficulties due to natural hazards but the schools and education centres still maintain stable education activities, minimize the number of drop-outs. Education quality in general has improved greatly. The province has high number of students participating and wining high awards in national, regional and international competitions. The province maintains compulsory education at kindergarten level for 5-year- old children. Rate of compulsory education and fighting illiterate is high. Education facilities, school consolidations, and modern technology applications have received adequate funding and attention by the local government. According to results of SES in January 2018, 100% of 7 communes in the subproject communes has kindergarten, elementary and secondary schools. SES results also indicate that 100% of 150 surveyed HH has their children going to elementary and secondary schools; 95% of the students continued to highschool, while 5% stopped studying to work. Education level is one of the important factors determining the reliability of survey results. The respondents are the direct informants by filling the questionnaires and answering the questions from the interviewers so it is necessary to have adequate understandings of the questions and relevant issues. Survey results on education level of 620 members of 150 HH conclude that 366 people (59.03%) completed secondary schools; 119 people (19.2%) graduated highschool. The number of people with a college or university degree is 100 people (16.13%) and 31 people are children under 6 years old (5%). According to data by Bureau of Statistics Vietnam, the most popular educational level in Vietnam is secondary school (26.4% of all Vietnamese population), followed by highschool (21.1%). As a result, the educational level of the respondents is higher than the average educational level of Vietnamese people. 4.2.6. Infrastructures a. Transportation infrastructures Quang Binh province has fairly developed transportation infrastructures, regarding roads, railways, and waterways. The national highways have been invested for upgrade; Inter- provincial and inter-district roads have been consolidated by asphalt; 100% communes have large roads for automobiles travelling in all seasons of the year. 61 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) At 7 subproject areas, there have already had concrete inter-communal and inter-hamlet roads, facilitating local people in travelling and transporting. However, there are some areas far from the communal centre that have not been concretised and travelling can be obstructed in rain seasons. b. Social – technical infrastructures Post office and telecommunication have been developed; Electric and water supplies for domestic use are secured; Logistic services, banks, insurance, healthcare, and productive services are growing rapidly. The healthcare system has level III hospitals, including 01 general hospital at local level, 06 general hospitals at district/city level. Quang Binh province has 1 university, 2 colleges, 5 vocational colleges and some vocational centres, meeting the requirement for education and training of the local employers. In the 7 subproject communes, the infrastructures adequately meet the requirements of the local people. 100% of households have access to electricity from the national grid. Schools have adequate education quality. The teaching equipment is gradually improved. Healthcare centres in these areas fully function and timely meet the needs of the people. Production water sources and water resources infrastructures: 95% of the irrigation canals of the 7 subproject communes have been consolidated. These systems are connected between reservoirs and other water sources in the local areas. The SES results indicate that 100% of HH can use reservoir water in winter-spring season for agriculture and animal farming; in summer-autumn season, about 70% of households use water from the reservoir and water resources infrastructure, the remaining 30% use water from other sources and drilled wells due to the reservoir systems have degraded and cannot hold sufficient water for the dry season (summer-autumn season). c. Public services According to SES results and statistics in the 5 recent years (2013-2017) of the 7 subproject communes, the number of social services has gradually increased every year. The survey results on assessment of adequacy of social services in 2013 and 2017 are subsequently: (i) average: 68% and 8.5%; (ii) Good: 22% and 33.2%; (iii) Excellent: 9.8% and 58.3%. Table 4- 17: Assessments on public services in the last 5 years 2013 2017 Services Goo Excellen Average Good Excellent Average d t Healthcare services 67 27 6 15 49 36 Education 56 31 13 8 50 42 Water supply 72 19 8 11 24 65 Water resources 62 22 16 6 33 61 Infrastructures (road, bridge, 75 18 7 4 11 85 inlets) Agricultural supports 76 15 9 7 32 61 33. Average 68.0 22.0 9.8 8.5 58.3 2 62 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Source: SES January 2018 4.2.7. Energy and fuel uses, and living convenient â?– Lighting energy Survey results show that 100% of surveyed households use electricity for lighting. â?– Energy for cooking Majority of surveyed households and in the subproject areas use gases for cooking and electricity for rice cooker. Survey results show that 61.33 households use gas in cooking (92 households), the number of households using electricity for cooking is 38 households (25,33%), 20 households use dry plants, leaves, and charcoal for cooking. The survey results of type of cooking energy are shown in the table and figure below. Table 4- 18: Fuels for cooking Dry Woo Charcoa branches Electricit Othe Type of fuel Gas Total d l and y r leaves Percentage (%) 6.67 1.33 61.3 4 25.33 1.33 100 4 Number of 10 2 92 6 38 2 N=15 households 0 Source: SES January 2018 â?– Living convenient In recent years, economic condition of the households in the subproject areas has been raised and improved. Therefore, living condition of the households in these areas is also developed. Most of the surveyed households own a television and electrical fans. Some households also have air conditioners and water heater. Table 4- 19: Convenient applicants in surveyed households Applicant Number of households (household) Percentage (%) Television 141 94 Internet 59 39.33 Motorbike / 113 75.33 Electrical bike Landline telephone 96 64 Refrigerator 103 68.67 Electrical fan 1376 91.33 Washing machine 84 56 Air conditioner 64 42.67 CD player 111 74 Water heater 106 70.67 Source: SES January 2018 63 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) â?– Clean water and hygiene Water sources: Clean water is one of the most important indicators for development of the community and an important factor in new rural development program. According to statistics by Bureau of Statistics Vietnam (2016), 93.1% of households in the Middle North region had access to clean water (including well water, rain water, city water, and stream water with filter). The proportion of households using clean water in the SES is slightly lower than the average rate of the areas. Most of the respondents use well water (92%). The specific figures are presented below: Table 4- 20: Sources of domestic water Well water/Rain Water resources system Commune water/City water Total No. Rate No. Rate Thai Thuy 2 1.33 30 20.00 32 commune My Thuy commune 1 0.67 9 6.00 10 Hung Trach 2 1.33 14 9.33 16 commune Hien Ninh 2 1.33 26 17.33 28 commune Quang Lien 1 0.67 14 9.33 15 commune Quang Phuong 2 1.33 15 10.00 17 commune Quang Hop 2 1.33 30 20.00 32 commune Total 12 8.00 138 92.00 150 Source: SES January 2018 Waste treatment: The SES in 7 subproject communes found that 100% of the subproject communes had waste collection for domestic wastes and 98% of animal farming wastes are collected and treated to produce fertilizer. 95% of households in these communes have self- compost toilets. 100% of households have self-compost or half self-compost toilets. These figures indicate good hygiene conditions. Table 4- 21: Use of toilets in the subproject areas Temporary No toilet Standard toilet Commune toilet Total No % No % No % Thai Thuy commune 0 0.0 32 100.0 0 0.0 32 My Thuy commune 0 0.0 10 100.0 0 0.0 10 Hung Trach commune 0 0.0 16 100.0 0 0.0 16 Hien Ninh commune 0 0.0 28 100.0 0 0.0 28 Quang Lien commune 0 0.0 15 100.0 0 0.0 15 64 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Temporary No toilet Standard toilet Commune toilet Total No % No % No % Quang Phuong 100.0 0 0.0 17 0 0.0 17 commune Quang Hop commune 0 0.0 32 100.0 0 0.0 32 Total 0 0.0 150 100.0 0 0.0 150 Source: SES January 2018 4.2.8. Land use According to Quang Binh province statistical yearbook in 2017, the total natural area of the province is 800.3 ha. The lands are categorised in use purposes: a.Agricultural land Total area of 90,197ha, accounts for 11.27% of total natural area. The average productive land per person is 1,027 m2. b.Non-agricultural land Total area of 664.126 ha, proportioned at 82.3% of total natural area, including: Table 4- 22: Land use in subproject communes Total area Agricultural Industrial Others No Subproject area (km2) land (ha) land (ha) (ha) 1 Thai Thuy commune 55.82 4665.2 602.8 234.4 2 My Thuy commune 13.67 130.8 1080.18 836.61 3 Hung Trach commune 95.15 1136.07 226.48 144.72 4 Hien Ninh commune 15.123 474.6 1567 1103 5 Quang Lien commune 18.43 3459.47 0 740.53 6 Quang Phuong commune 24.56 1179.4 424 1348.6 7 Quang Hop commune 117.75 766 0 10467 Source: Summary from Reports on 2017 socioeconomic development and 2018 socioeconomic development plan of the subproject communes; Quang Binh Statistic Yearbook 2017. The impact of the subproject reservoirs on viable productive land is represented by area of irrigated paddy land as this is the type of plant greatly affected by the amount of water supply. The area of viable paddy land in subproject communes are summarised in the following table. Table 4- 23: Productive areas in winter-spring seasons and summer-autumn season in the subproject areas 65 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Summer- Winter-spring No Subproject area autumn season (ha) season (ha) 1 Thai Thuy commune 252 206.94 2 My Thuy commune 389 233.56 3 Hung Trach commune 450.3 250.3 4 Hien Ninh commune 420.1 280.14 5 Quang Lien commune 206.3 176.3 6 Quang Phuong commune 627 555 7 Quang Hop commune 350 260 Total 2694.7 1962.3 Source: Summary from Reports on 2017 socioeconomic development and 2018 socioeconomic development plan of the subproject communes; Quang Binh Statistic Yearbook 2017. 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Xã Thái Xã Mỹ Xã HÆ°ng Xã Hiá»?n Xã Quảng Xã Quảng Xã Quảng Thủy Thủy Trạch Ninh Liên PhÆ°Æ¡ng Hợp Vụ Ä?ông Xuân (ha) Vụ Hè Thu (ha) Figure 4- 16: Paddy productive areas in winter-spring season and summer-autumn season in the subproject areas (2017) The figure above shows the remarkable differences on productive areas between the winter-spring season and summer-autumn season. The winter-spring season productive area is 2694.7ha while only 1962.3ha is viable in summer-autumn season. The main reason for this phenomenon is due to the summer-autumn season is planted between May and August. This period has the highest number of sun hours in the year and relatively low precipitation, thus, unfavourable for production. In addition, the degraded reservoirs in these areas do not store and provide sufficient irrigation for the downstream area. The damaged works in the reservoir systems, such as broken intakes, implying water losses through intake bodies or water penetrations through dam bodies, also contribute to the water shortage in summer-autumn season and reduce productive area. Land use right certificate: According to SES results in 7 subproject communes, 98% residential land and agricultural land has had land use right certificate. The origin of these lands are from self exploration or from the agricultural land managed by the CPC and assigned to 66 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) households for cultivation without issuing LURC. The SES results show that 100% of surveyed HH has LURC for house and residential land. Regarding productive land, 98.67% (148/150 HH) has LURC. The remaining 02 HH in Quang Hop commune has not obtained their LURC due to adjustment of land plan. Details on LURC for residential and productive lands are demonstrated in the following table: Table 4- 24: Land use right certificate status Residential land Productive land Commune Yes % No % Yes % No % Thai Thuy 100 32 0 0 32 100.0 0 0 commune My Thuy commune 10 100 0 0 10 100.0 0 0 Hung Trach 100 16 0 0 16 100.0 0 0 commune Hien Ninh 100 28 0 0 28 100.0 0 0 commune Quang Lien 100 15 0 0 15 100.0 0 0 commune Quang Phuong 100 17 0 0 17 100.0 0 0 commune Quang Hop 100 32 0 0 30 93.0 2 6.25 commune Total số 150 100 0 0 148 98.67 2 1.33 Source: SES January 2018 The husbands as the land owners of 150 surveyed HH were found in 12% in residential land, and 10.6% for productive land. In both cases of residential land and productive land, the proportion of LURC with both names of husband and wife is 76.67 - 78.67%; 2% is under HH headers’ parents’ names. Details are summarised in the following table. 67 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Table 4- 25: Owner of Land use right certificate Residential land Productive land No. % No. % Husband 18 12 16 10.6 Wife 13 8,6 12 8 Both 115 76.67 118 78.67 Grandparent(s) 3 2 3 2 Other 1 0.67 1 0.67 Total 150 100 150 100 Source: SES January 2018 4.2.9. Cultural heritages and important infrastructures Quang Binh province has a history of over 400 years of establishment and development, holding a long historical value attached to the protection and development of the Nation. Concurrently, Quang Binh province is also known as the place of famous people, beautiful landscape, the intersection and concentration of several cultures. This feature is clearly demonstrated by the system of 99 historical cultural monuments and famous landscape, in which 51 of them are national heritages and 38 are provincial heritages. Quang Binh province has strong presence in the history of Vietnam, as early as the pre- history and the early history. The archaeological findings prove the existence of the community, owner of the land from Middle Stone Age that has been developed continuously, formed distinctively and systematically. The archaeological heritage of Hoa Binh culture can be found at several places in the province. This phenomenon affirms the origin of development. Then the presence of Bau Tro culture expanded and developed the achievements of the pre-historical civilization in the cultural exchange and coming toward the harmonization between native Quang Binh people and national culture. Chua bay – Yen Island: beautiful sport with natural appearance, peaceful and harmony attraction among mountains, forests and the ocean; the resting place of the national General Vo Nguyen Giap. Tobm of Nguyen Huu Canh (Truong Thuy commune, Le Thuy district): the worshipping place for Nguyen Huu Canh – a historic figure that contributed greatly in the development of the nation. Landmarks on Quyet Thang street (Bo Trach district): a part of the legendary Truong Son street, a living prove of the national fighting spirit. Landmarks on Street 12A (Minh Hoa district): Dinh place, Cha Lo, Cổng Trá»?i, Mụ Dạ mountain pass, Khe Ve underground, Rinh underground, hill 37..., places where great war campaigns occurred. National forest Phong Nha – Ke Bang (Bo Trach district): in 2003, the national forest Phong Nha – Ke Bang was recognized as the national natural heritage by UNESCO, marked 68 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Quang Binh province as an important tourist destination for dometic and international tourism. Phong Nha cave is a breath-taking cave with 7 highest records: the longest water cave, the highest and widest cave entrance, the widest and most beautiful sand and stone; the most beautiful underground lake, the most beautiful and magical stalagmite; the longest underground river in Vietnam; the widest and most beautiful dry cave. Belong to the system of Phong Nha – Ke Bang cave, Son Doong is the biggest cave in the work. Chay river – Toi cave, Rao Thuong – En xave, Survival Valley, Aquarium Cave,… also increasingly attacing international tourists. The attraction Ly Hoa (Hai Trach and Thanh Trach communes, Bo Trach district): containing beautiful mountains and water places, positioned at mountain on one side and ocean on the remaining ways, the place played an important role in the war period. Than Dinh mountain (Truong Xuan commune, Quang Ninh district): locating in the sacred land “Dầu Mâu Da tiên, Thần Dinh Da phậtâ€? (Dau Mau contains several fairies, Than Dinh contains several buddhas). Bang mineral spring (Kim Thuy commune, Le Thuy district): is the only mineral water source in Vietnam with boiling point of 105oC. Containing lots of rare and precious minerals, Bang mineral water has been produced into a reputable mineral water in the market. Quang Binh Gate (recently recovered): also known as Quang Binh palace, Cong Binh fate. Located in the centre of Hai Dinh precinct, at the intersection. This is a valuable heritage structure in both history and art. In addition, there are several other ecological, history, cultural attractions, such as: Nuoc Mooc spring, landmarks on Quyet Thang street, Thay fortress, Sen fortress, Ngo dysnasty palace, Khu Tuc – Cham Pa palace, Trinh – Nguyen palaces, Cu Nam, Canh Duong, Cha Lo, Cong Troi, Xuan Son, Long Dai, Ho Chi Minh route,… currently attacting thousands of tourists annually. Based on the field survey in January 2018, all 9 reservoirs of the subproject do not contain any cultural heritage in the reservoir areas and the subproject transportation routes. In the subproject areas, near 3/9 reservoirs, there are cultural and religious places, but these monuments are only at local level. Long Dai reservoir (Hien Ninh commune) locates 620m South of the Truong Son war hero monument in Long Dai ferry station; Thach Truong reservoir (Quang Lien commune) locates 1.2km West of Ninh Thuan church; Cay Bom reservoir (Quang Hop commune) is 600m NE of Thuy Vuc church. 4.2.10. Ethnic minority people Quang Binh province has 2 ethnic minority groups: Chut and Bru-Van Kieu ethics with 5,607 HH – 24,499 people, proportioned at 2.3% of total provincial population. The Bru-Van Kieu groups include 4 ethnics: Van Kieu, Khua, Ma Coong, Tri. Chut groups include 5 ethnics: Sach. May, Ruc, A Rem, Ma, Lieng. The other minority groups include Tho, Muong, Tay, Thai, Pa Co,… There is no ethnic minority community in the subproject areas, including both the affected and beneficiary communities. 4.2.11. Gender a) Duty assignment by gender 69 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) The rate of female headed in the 7 communes on average is 17%. This is based on the residency registration and LURC. These cases are not lone female header household but the female is responsible for registering the household’s legal documents. According to SES, gender rate in subproject areas is balanced with 101 males/100 females (2017). In which, the rate of women participation in labour force is 50.38%. The women in subproject areas mostly work in agricultural sector, trade and housework. SES results on 150 HH show that male members tend to earn more than females (60% of HH income by male members and 40% by females). The distinctive feature in the subproject areas is that although women earn less income than the men, they are often the decision maker in household economic activities. 70% of surveyed HH has women as the manager of expenditure. Women’s decisions are also heard and respected. Table 4- 26: Population by gender of the subproject communes 2014 2015 2016 2017 % average No Commune Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male 1 Thai Thuy commune 2346 2186 2389 2198 2435 2246 2490 2362 51.32 48.68 2 My Thuy commune 2829 2694 2822 2705 2846 2734 2878 2761 51.04 48.96 Hung Trach 3 6019 5628 6027 5637 6022 5642 6030 5653 51.61 48.39 commune 4 Hien Ninh commune 2961 3166 2972 3172 2979 3178 2982 3186 48.35 51.65 Quang Lien 5 1999 2097 2004 2102 2008 2107 2013 2112 48.8 51.2 commune Quang Phuong 6 4166 4385 4172 4390 4175 4394 4178 4398 48.72 51.28 commune Quang Hop 7 3236 3428 3241 3424 3245 3430 3248 3434 48.61 51.39 commune Source: Summary from Reports on 2017 socioeconomic development and 2018 socioeconomic development plan of the subproject communes; Quang Binh Statistic Yearbook 2017 2017. The roles of women in the areas are specifically assigned: taking care of the family, giving birth, managing the expenses, and in addition, participating in economic development via gardening, trading, and production. Most of the heavy works are carried out by the male members and men are often the bread-earner of the family. The survey results show the duty assignment in the family as follows: Table 4- 27: Participation in household activities Participation in household Percentage (%) activities Both Male Female Taking care of children 92 0 8 70 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Cleaning 77 5 18 Cooking/housework 75 3 22 Household economic activities 85 15 5 Expenditure decision making 63 11 26 Source: SES January 2018 a) Education In recent years, the subproject communes have reached a relatively balanced figure of gender division in education. The percentage of female students is about half of the total number of students (49.1%). Both male and female children have similar right to access education services. 100% population of the subproject areas knows how to read and write. The rate of school drop-out in the subproject areas are 0.1% in males and 0.2% in females. The main reasons for drop-out are the lacks of ability or financial support to continue studying. Several children have to stop studying to help the family earning money. b) Healthcare In recent years, the infrastructure condition and ability of the local doctors have been improved greatly, hence, the mortality rate of new-born and mother in labour is reduced significantly. In the last 2 years, there is no death of new-born or mother in labour recorded. The healthcare centres at the communes/precincts/towns often have health campaigns for females, providing information on communicable diseases and female healthcare. Survey on community knowledge on HIV/AIDS indicates that 90% of respondents have basic understanding of HIV/AIDS (135/150 responses). 6.7% only understands that HIV is caused by some kind of virus and 3.3% did not give an answer. Details on public understanding on HIV/AIDS are: Table 4- 28: Public understanding of HIV/AIDS Cause Respondent Rate Virus 10 6.7 Human immunodeficiency virus 135 90 No response 5 3.3 Total 150 100 Source: SES January 2018 Awareness on Sexual Transmitted Diseases (STDs): Respondents have certain awareness on some popular sexual transmitted diseases. Specifically, 86.2% respondents have knowledge on Gonorrhoea, and 74.3% knows about syphilis. Regarding measures to prevent catching HIV/AIDS, respondents stated HIV/AIDS was transmitted via using the same needles, heroin use (92.6%), unsafe sex (76%) and from mother to unborn child (68.6%). These figures illustrate that the most of the respondents know how HIV/AIDS is transmitted. However, some of them still have incorrect information on HIV, for example, 12.6% believes that HIV can be transmitted via foods and drinks, and 5.3% stated mosquito and insect bites can also spread HIV. The people who are misinformed about HIV/AIDS are mostly elders, aged between 65- 71 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 70 years old. Young people and people in reproductive age majorly have adequate understanding of HIV/AIDS. Details on the responses are included in the table below: Table 4- 29: Respondent’s understanding on HIV/AIDS transmission Transmission Respondent Rate Use of needle 172 95.6 Unsafe sex 56 31.1 From mother to unborn child 75 41.7 Via foods or drinks 136 75.6 Bitten by insects 107 59.4 Source: SES January 2018 Awareness on HIV/AIDS prevention: The survey results show that the respondents generally have high awareness on HIV/AIDS prevention. The preventative methods stated include: one partner (94.7%), safe sex using condoms (92.7%) and using separated needle in all case (94%). However, some of respondents also gave inaccurate preventions, such as avoiding contact with HIV contracted people (23.3%), do not share foods with HIV contracted people (7.3%) or no hand-shaking with HIV contracted people (9.3%). Details are in the table below: Table 4- 30: Respondent’s answers on HIV / AIDS prevention Method of prevention Respondent Rate One partner 142 94.7 Isolating HIV contracted people 139 92.7 Use condoms 141 94.0 Use separate needles 35 23.3 No hand-shaking with HIV contracted people 14 9.3 No food-sharing with HIV contracted people 11 7.3 Source: SES January 2018 c) Participation in social groups The gender participation in social groups is assessed based on the statistical summary of the officers, specialized and non-specialized staffs in the subproject areas. In general, the proportion of women participating in the system of officers/ specialized and non-specialized staffs in the subproject area is fairly high (41%). The leading positions in the local social groups/associations are partially assigned to female members (Farmer Union, Women Union, Youth Union, Fatherland Front Committees, Inner Elderly Society, Agriculture Extension Union). Gender equality rights are executed in serious manner, no gender discrimination occurs. Women are always prioritised in accessing social services: healthcare, education, agricultural supports, household economic development,… d) Participation in family and community activities 72 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) The division of labor by gender in the project area is relatively distinctive. Although all the activities contain contributions of females and males, the division in each section varies greatly. In agricultural production, men are the main workers in land preparation, and transportation, while women take the tasks in nurturing and animal farming. The division of labor in the subproject area is not different with the researches and analysis of the division of labor by gender in Vietnam today: Women engaged in the production, reproduction and care activities while men are mainly engaged in production activities. Besides, women have begun to participate more actively in community activities such as meetings, training sessions on farming techniques or health care. However, the participation rates are low. With community activities such as community meetings, training on production and activity of political organizations, the participation rates of both husband and wife are 69 - 87%%; the participation rate of men in the remaining works also higher than women (8% community meetings; 16% training in production and 14% activities of political organizations). Commune Women's Union plays an important role in the economic development activities and environmental protection in the local. However, the participation of women in social work encountered some barriers as the burden of housework, child birth, the values and traditional attitudes about women's roles, traditional rules and regulations imposing gender inequality, and unequal opportunities in accessing trainings. Table 4- 31: Participation in community activities Participation Percentage (%) in public activities Both Male Female Community meetings 87 8 5 Training in production 69 16 15 Activities of political organizations 78 14 8 Source: SES January 2018 e) Domestic violence Since there are laws to protect women as the Law on Domestic Violence Prevention and Control, the status of domestic violence in the subproject area was significantly reduced compared with 5 years ago. The results of in-depth interviews with women staff and households in 7 subproject communes show that the rate of domestic violence in this region is about 0.2%. Among the 150 households interviewed, there is no household that existing the status of domestic violence. The main causes of this situation are the ignorance of women about their rights, and the negative preconceptions of gender. This figure shows that women play an important role in society and family, and they are respected. f) Gender action plan A Gender action plan will be carried out with women participation in the construction phase of the subproject to provide income opportunities to women without any pressures on their lives, and raise women’s roles in the subproject areas. This plan is prepared based on the specific gender status of the subproject area. 73 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) CHAPTER 5. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS The subproject “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirâ€? (Subproject year 2) upon completion will have positive impacts on safety of dams and facilitate economic and social development of the project area. Subproject implementation will generate some impacts on the natural and social environment in the phases: (i) preparation phase; (ii) construction phase; and (iii) operation phase. Since the subproject only rehabilitate and upgrade the existing works to improve reservoir functions and safety, the impacts are not high and can be mitigated with appropriate measures. The subproject will be conducted on 09 reservoirs. The potential adverse impacts are identified and screened for each reservoir throughout the preparation, construction and operation phases. Most of the impacts are temporary, local and reversible due to the scale of works is small to medium. The impacts can be mitigated using suitable technologies and measures, combined with close monitoring of consultants, PPMU and the local people. Upon completion of construction, the 09 reservoirs will be benefited from the restoration of public and primary services, thereby, supporting economic development and increasing accessibility to social services. The important flood preventions works will be rehabilitated and reconsolidated; the dam tops and access routes will also be restored to increase protection for people and assets in hazard weather events. This section focuses on analyzing the adverse impacts to improve awareness and propose the most optimum solutions to reduce those impacts on the environment and society. After completing field surveys in the 09 reservoirs. The non-waste impacts are identified in the land acquisition and water supply activities. Table 5-1: Subproject affected and beneficiary areas No Reservoir Affected people Beneficiary people • Land acquisition impact - Protecting lives of - There are 08 AHs on standing trees and 1,356 HHs with 4,852 crops (acacia plants 2÷5 years old) during people and 7ha fish subproject construction. Including: pond in the + Temporary land acquisition: 06 AHs in the downstream area Vung Mo 1 soil mine; 02 AHs do temporary land - Providing irrigation reservoir for 55 ha productive acquisition for construction surface land; Harmonizing the climate and creating active water source for preventing and fighting forest fire • Land acquisition impact - The dam after being - There are 08 AHs on standing trees and repair and upgrade crops (acacia plants 2÷5 years old) during will have improved Thanh subproject construction. Including: safety to protect lives 2 Son and properties of the + Permanent acquisition: 02 AHs in reservoir HH living in the Management road; 01 AH in management downstream house; - Providing irrigation + Temporary land acquisition: 02 AHs in for 240.6 ha 74 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) No Reservoir Affected people Beneficiary people soil mine; 03 AHs do temporary land productive land; acquisition for construction surface Harmonizing the climate and creating active water source for preventing and fighting forest fire. • Land acquisition impact - 1,675 HHs with 5,639 - There are 03 AHs, including: people are protected + Permanent acquisition: 02 AHs in Main for lives and properties Dap Lang dam, saddle dam, Management road and - Providing irrigation 3 management house; for 130 ha productive reservoir + Temporary land acquisition: 01 AH to set land; creating active up soil mine. All is productive land; affected water source for agricultural trees are acacia plants 4 years old production. • Land acquisition impact - Protecting lives of - Impacts on productive lands of 05 HHs. 2.850 HH with 11.683 Including: people living in the + Temporary land acquisition: 03 AHs to downstream, setup soil mine; 02 AHs due to temporary providing irrigation Dong for 78 ha productive 4 Suon land acquisition for construction surface; land;. reservoir affected trees are acacia plants 2-5 years old - Harmonizing the climate and creating active water source for preventing and fighting forest fire. • Land acquisition impact - Providing irrigation - Affecting 16HHs: for 50 ha productive land; Harmonizing the + Permanent acquisition: 01 AH being climate and creating affected on productive land; (acacia plants >5 active water source for years old) on the main dam; 05 AHs being preventing and Long Dai affected on productive land; (acacia plants 2- 5 fighting forest fire. reservoir 5 years old) in Management road; - Protecting lives of + Temporary land acquisition: 02 AHs in soil 2,132 HHs with 6,168 mine; 08 AHs do temporary land acquisition people living for construction surface ; all are productive downstream land; affected trees are acacia plants 2-5 years old • Land acquisition impact - Protecting lives of - 02 AHs: 1,006 HH with 4,125 Thach people living + Permanent acquisition: 01 AH on standing downstream 6 Truong trees and crops - mostly affected trees are reservoir acacia plants 2-5 years old in the management - Providing irrigation house; for 64 ha productive land; people living + Temporary land acquisition: 01 AH in soil 75 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) No Reservoir Affected people Beneficiary people mine. All is productive land; affected trees are downstream and acacia plants 2-5 years old Harmonizing the climate. • Land acquisition impact - Protecting lives and - 07 AHs: properties of 2,147 HH with 8,576 people Dong Vat + Permanent acquisition: 06 AHs in the Main living downstream 7 dam. Affected land is paddy land reservoir - Providing irrigation + Temporary land acquisition: 01 AH in soil for 28 ha productive mine. All is productive land; affected trees are land; and Harmonizing acacia plants 2-5 years old the climate. • Land acquisition impact - Protecting lives of - 06 AHs: 1,866 HHs with 6,686 people living + Temporary land acquisition: 02 AHs in downstream soil mine (All is productive land; affected Cay Bom trees are acacia plants 2-5 years old); 01 AH - Providing irrigation 8 for 325 ha productive reservoir do temporary land acquisition to create construction surface (All is productive land; land; and Harmonizing affected trees are acacia plants 2-5 years old); the climate; Increasing productivity of productive land in the downstream • Land acquisition impact - Together with Cay - Affecting 07 HHs: Bom reservoir to increase safety and + Temporary land acquisition: 07 AHs in soil protect lives and Buoi Roi mine Filling soil (All is productive land; properties of HH 9 affected trees are acacia plants <2 years old). living downstream. reservoir - Providing irrigation for 87ha rice and producing Aquaculture. The impact receiver of waste-related impacts are mainly construction workers, local people living nearby, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem in the work areas. The table below defines the magnitude of adverse impacts based on the amount of wastes related to construction works10. Table 5-2: Parameters for determining magnitude Impact Low Medium High Discharging exceed the approved exceed the approved exceed the approved wastewater level from 1.1 time level from 1.5 time level above 3 times. to below 1.5 time to below 03 times and the discharge 10 Based on Decree number 155/2016/NÄ?-CP about regulations on financial penalties for environmental violations. 76 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) (domestic and and the discharge and the discharge amount more than 10 industrial) amount below 5 amount below 5 – 10 m3/day m3/day 3 m /day Dust and emission exceed the approved exceed the approved exceed the approved level 1.1 time to level.5 time to below level 3 times with below 1.5 with 3 times with emission of above emission of less than emission of 500 – 5000 m3/hr 500 m3/hr 5000 m3/hr Noise exceed the approved exceed the approved exceed the approved level from 2 to 5 dB level from 5 to 10 level more than 10 dB dB Vibration exceed the approved exceed the approved exceed the approved level from 2 to 5 dB level from 5 to 10 level more than 10 dB dB Domestic solid waste Less than 1,000 From 1,000 to 2,000 More than 2,000 kg/day kg/day kg/day Hazardous waste Less than 100 kg/day 100 – 600 kg/day More than 600 kg/day Fire incident, oil Less than 2,000 kg 2,000 to 10,000 kg More than 10,000 kg spillage The potential adverse environmental and social impacts are also classified by type of impacts: direct, indirect, short-term, long-term and accumulative. Direct impacts: direct impacts via direct contacts between subproject activities and environmental or social component(s). Indirect impacts: The indirect impacts on environment and society are the impacts not directly caused by the subproject, but occur later, or occur as a consequence of the subproject. Indirect impacts are also referred as secondary or tertiary impacts. Accumulative impact: is an impact caused as consequence of the combination of the subproject and other projects’ impacts. These impacts occur when the subproject’s impacts are combined with accumulative impacts of other past, current, or planned projects. Short-term (temporary) impacts: are impacts occur in the construction phase or in a short period after construction phase. Long-term impacts: are the impacts occur in the construction but majority of its consequences occur in the operation phase and can last up to decades. The main objective of this chapter is to focus on quantitative and qualitative analyses of subproject impacts so that the most feasible mitigations can be proposed to minimize the adverse impacts of the subproject. 5.1. Assessing past impacts The incidents occurred in the operation of 12 reservoirs in the subproject contain three main types: (i) incidents related to dam safety, (ii) incidents related to operation and flood discharge; and (iii) incidents related to water supply to the downstream area. a. Incidents related to dam safety 77 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Since the construction, the 09 subproject reservoirs have not had any incident related to crack or broken of dams, or any other issues related to dam safety. However, throughout the operation phase, these reservoirs have degraded and may lead to unsafe dam operation if proper rehabilitation is not applied. - Downstream faces are leaked with water penetrated at locations higher than top of water discharging prism. However, the penetrated flows exiting out of the downstream face are still clear, but if consolidation and penetration-proof are not applied, dam safety will be threatened. - The dam face is eroded. Upstream dam face is sunken at multiple places. Most of the stones from normal water level have eroded, sunken, degraded seriously. Some sections of dam face have become unprotected. - Spillway: the channelling walls are broken, some sections on water slopes have been broken; the door of emergency valves has broken. The balcony of spillway is broken. The reservoirs were designed pursuant to the outdated TCVN 5060 – 90 with designed flood level (P=1.0%). However, under the effects of climate change and increased storm and flood frequencies, the designed flood level 1% is not adequate anymore. According to Dam Safety Framework of the Project proposed by WB and approved by Decision number 5492/QD-BNN-HTQT dated 30/12/2015 by Minister of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, the flood prevention standard for reservoirs is QCVN 04 – 05 : 2012. According to this standard, King Mon reservoir belongs to construction level II with designed flood level of 1.0% and tested flood level of 0.01%. The other reservoirs are construction level IV with designed flood level of 2% and tested flood level of 1%. b. Incidents related to storms and floods Throughout the operation of the subproject reservoirs, there have not been any storms or floods resulted in severe consequences. However, the flood situation in the downstream areas is complex due to the following reasons: - Storm warning activities have not been carried out properly since there has not been monitoring stations for precipitation and flow in the upstream areas. As a result, storm warning mostly relies on weather forecast and water level of the reservoir. This hinders the reservoir operation and leads to flood in the downstream areas. - In rain season, rain occurs continuously in several days and saturates the water layer in soil. Therefore, the amount of rainwater absorbed into the soil is small and the remaining becomes running water and causes flood. - These areas are narrow and sloppy so the flow downward is high in speed. - The subproject implementation areas are also affected by tidal regime, therefore, are easily flooded in storm. c. Incidents related to water supply - Throughout the reservoir operation, there has been no impacts on water supply for domestic demands. - Intakes for irrigation are leaked, the operating valves and pressured intakes have deteriorated and affecting the irrigation supply to the downstream areas. 78 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - The channel systems have some unconsolidated sections with several landfall spots on the channel faces. - These reasons result in the inability to supply water in dry season, unable to meet the water demands for winter-spring season. 5.2. Positive impacts on the environment and society 5.2.1. Impacts on the society The subproject upon completion will benefit the local government and communities regarding improvement in dam safety for the downstream areas in storm season; Water lose will be prevented to maintain irrigation for production as planned by the local government; Increase agricultural productivity and yield, increase the number of productive seasons in agriculture and aquaculture due to increased irrigation area. The constructions upon completion will secure irrigation supply for the production of rice fields and crops around the year in the downstream area of 07 communes. The water supply for aquaculture will be suffice and impacts on the environment will be reduced. Agricultural production will be improved, therefore, increase income and living standards of the local people. Additional jobs in small handicraft and seasonal works will also be created. Stabilizing active irrigated areas The investment in repairing and consolidating the works in 09 reservoirs will stabilize water supply for 767.1ha, actively plan agricultural production, suitable species, cultivating components,… in the downstream areas, gradually contribute to complete the infrastructures and improve living conditions of the local people. Improving management and operation capacity of irrigation systems The implementation of the Project in second year will help consolidate reservoir safety. In addition, the local management agencies will also be supported in planning the schemes and strategies for long-term agricultural development, integrated with climate change scenarios and actions toward National Program for reduce and adapt to climate change, Strategy for water resources development 2020 toward 2050; National strategy for clean water supply and rural hygiene in 2020 toward 2050; Development program for socioeconomic development in mountainous area to 2020; National strategy for developing new rural;… 5.2.2. Impacts on the environment (a) Impacts on air quality and microclimate 09 reservoirs in the subproject do not change regarding water surface area, hence, there is no impact on the living ecosystem. The construction are rehabilitated and upgraded the reservoir components will only affect the air quality in construction phase within the limited areas and only affects those locally and not continuously. Upon completion and starting operation of the reservoirs, microclimate features of the areas will be influenced. Stabilizing water surface will alter the microclimate features in the reservoir zones, change the humidity level in dry season. During operation phase, the subproject will improve stability in water supply and secure safety for the construction and the downstream areas. (b) Impacts on landscape The 09 reservoirs are currently cultivated and operated with spillways due to the leaked 79 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) discharging outlets, no concrete faces and no management road. As proposed by designing consultant, in order to secure safety for dam body, and discharging outlets, replacement and concretization of works are required to improve water storage ability, prevent water leakage and facilitate water regulation for production and operation of reservoirs. The subproject will also facilitate the development of flora ecosystem and create reservoir landscape and local transportation. Upon completion, the management roads for the 09 reservoirs will create a new look for the reservoirs and the ambient areas; The reservoirs will be renewed with modern and safer environment. (c) Impacts on the ecosystem Upon completion of the 09 reservoirs, the water storage and irrigation will be stabilized and contribute to the development of the ecosystems in the reservoir zones, ambient and downstream areas. Impacts on the ecosystem after a long time and in a continuous manner will diversify the ecosystems in the subproject areas. (d) Impacts on the underground water level The completion of subproject works will stabilize water amount in the 09 reservoirs, maintain the water level in the reservoir at higher than the downstream area, therefore the operation will stabilize the water table level around the year, suffice the water demand for domestic use and production for local people. 5.3. Potential adverse environmental and social impacts of the subproject Due to the project feature is related to reservoirs, the impacts are grouped by subproject phases: (i) preparation phase, (ii) construction phase, and (iii) operation phase. 5.3.1. Site-specific impacts of the subproject on the social and natural environment The field survey results for 09 subproject reservoirs indicate that all the reservoir systems locate far away from the residential areas, there is no cultural structures, or public places nearby. (Details are included in Table 2-3: Relations to the natural and social surroundings). As a conclusion, the site-specific impacts of the subproject are eliminated. 5.3.2. General impacts during subproject execution on the social and natural environment A. Impacts during preparation phase The subproject includes 09 reservoirs locating in 07 communes in 04 districts of Quang Binh province. The works are small or medium scale with short construction period. The activities in this phase are mainly geological survey drills for designing process, land acquisition, UXO clearance, and land clearance. As a result, this phase only contains the adverse impacts from the following activities: (1) land acquisition. (2) risks related to UXO clearance, and (3) geological survey. During the preparation phase, the impact receivers of the subproject are mainly the people losing the land, and the socioeconomic environment of the 07 reservoirs. The details are summarised in the following table: Table 5-3: Sources, impact receiver, and scope of impact in preparation phase 80 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Source of Impact receiver Scope of impact impact - Geological - Surface water, - At the holes drilled on the dams. and Environmental underground typological water, soil survey Social - Surveyors - Surveyors affected by the dusts and activities wastes in the survey process. This impact occurs in a short period of time and at small scale. - UXO Social - UXO clearance - Risks of fire and explosions clearance workers - Land Social - Affected - Total area of land acquisition: 23.2 ha clearance households, farm including 05 types of land: (i) DTL: animals, trees and irrigation construction area; (ii) crops. BCS: Unused land; (iii) CLN: Perennial plant land; (iv) LUC: paddy land; (v) RSX: Productive forest; The lands are household lands (18 affected households) and public lands (07 CPC affected). - 59 HHs having trees and crops affected (1) Impacts on the natural environment The impacts on the environment in this phase are from geological surveying activities. These activities only affect the areas right next to the drill holes. However, within 50m from the drill holes, there are only grass and bushes, therefore, the impacts on the environment are insignificant. (2) Impacts on the social environment Impacts to the society in this phase are from UXO clearance and land clearance activities. a. Land clearance According to IOL results conducted by PPMU and safeguard consultant in January 2018, the resettlement activities of the subproject is expected to affect 09 reservoir areas in 07 communes. Land acquisition will affect 59 households (HHs) and 07 communal people’s committees (CPC), including: • Households: - Impacts of permanent land acquisition: 16 HHs having productive lands acquired: perennial plant land, paddy land, or productive forest land. These HHs are permanently affected regarding productive area and standing trees and crops. There is no HH being acquired from 20% of productive land. - Impacts of temporary land acquisition: 02 HHs having perennial plant land acquired temporarily. They are affected on productive land and standing trees and crops. 81 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - Impacts on trees and crops: there are 41 HHs only being affected on standing trees and crops without being affected on land. • CPC: - Impacts of permanent acquisition of public lands: 06 CPCs, the acquired lands include Water resource construction land, unused land and perennial plant land; - Impacts of temporary acquisition of public lands: 07 CPCs, the acquired lands include water resource construction land and perennial plant land. There is no severely affected households and no relocating households. 82 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Table 5-4: Summary of land acquisition impacts Temporary Area Permanent acquisition acquisition Total Grand total No Commune Reservoir Affected people CLN LUC RSX DTL BCS CLN DTL VV TT Area (m2) Hung - - - - - 16,900 - - 16,900 16,900 Trach Dong Affected on 01 1 commune Suong land (HH) - - - - - 01 CPC - - - CPC reservoir Affected on trees and crops (HH) - - - - - 5 - - 5 5 Area (m2) - - 15,692 - 408 - 50,400 16,099 50,400 66,499 My Thuy Affected on 1 AH + 1 AH commune Dap Lang 2 land (HH) - - 01 CPC - 01 CPC - 01 CPC 1 - + 01 CPC reservoir Affected on trees and crops (HH) - - 2 - - - 1 2 1 3 Area (m2) - - - - 2,635 50,000 - 2,635 50,000 52,635 Affected on 01 Thai Thuy Vung Mo 3 land (HH) - - - - 01 CPC 01 CPC - - - CPC commune reservoir Affected on trees and crops (HH) - - - - - 8 - - 8 8 Area (m2) Thanh Son 1,133 - - 1,750 - 11,000 - 2,883 11,000 13,883 4 reservoir Affected on 01 5 AH land (HH) 3 - - CPC - 2 - 3 2 + 01 CPC 83 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Temporary Area Permanent acquisition acquisition Total Grand total No Commune Reservoir Affected people CLN LUC RSX DTL BCS CLN DTL VV TT Affected on trees and crops (HH) 3 - - - - 5 - 3 5 8 Area (m2) 786 - - - 1,875 11,620 6,000 2,661 17,620 20,281 Hien Ninh Affected on 6 AH commune Long Dai 5 land (HH) 6 - - - 01 CPC 01 CPC 01 CPC 6 - + 01 CPC reservoir Affected on trees and crops (HH) 6 - - - - 8 2 6 10 16 Area (m2) Quang 60 - - - 12,513 4,640 - 12,573 4,640 17,213 Lien Thach Affected on 01 01 6 commune Truong land (HH) CPC - - - 01 CPC 01 CPC - - - CPC reservoir Affected on trees and crops (HH) 1 - - - - 1 - 1 1 2 Area (m2) Quang - 417 - - 123 6,697 - 540 6,697 7,237 Phuong Affected on Dong Vat 6 AH 7 commune land (HH) reservoir - 6 - - 01 CPC 01 CPC - 6 - + 01 CPC Affected on trees and crops (HH) - 6 - - - 1 - 6 1 7 Quang Hop Cay Bom 8 Area (m2) commune reservoir - - - - 333 1,400 4,500 333 5,900 6,233 84 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Temporary Area Permanent acquisition acquisition Total Grand total No Commune Reservoir Affected people CLN LUC RSX DTL BCS CLN DTL VV TT Affected on 01 land (HH) - - - - 01 CPC 01 CPC 01 CPC - - CPC Affected on trees and crops (HH) - - - - - 1 2 - 3 3 Area (m2) - - - - - 31,200 - - 31,200 31,200 Affected on 01 Buoi Roi 9 land (HH) - - - - - 01 CPC - - - CPC reservoir Affected on trees and crops (HH) - - - - - 7 - - 7 7 Total Area (m2) 1,979 417 15,692 1,750 17,885 133,457 60,900 37,722 194,357 232,079 18 Affected on AH + 07 land (HH) 9 6 1 - - 2 - 16 2 CPC Affected on trees and crops (HH) 10 6 2 - - 36 5 18 41 59 10 Total AH 2 AH + 18 AH affected + 01 01 01 06 36 AH + 5 AH + + 06 41 AH + 59 AH+ 07 people CPC 6 AH CPC CPC CPC 07 CPC 03 CPC CPC 07 CPC CPC Source: Resettlement Action Plan of the subproject 85 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Assessment: Over 50% of acquiring land are water resources land and unused land managed by the CPC. The acquisition of these area will not significantly affect the households using these lands for production. The remaining lands are mostly productive lands. On the other hand, the proportion of land loss of each household is small, the impacts on production activities and incomes of these households are insignificant. Table 5-5: Number of HH being affected on land Affected on land No District Commune Reservoir Permanent Permanent land land acquisition acquisition Bo Trach Hung Trach Dong Suon 1 - - district commune reservoir My Thuy Dap Lang 2 1 - commune reservoir Le Thuy Vung Mo 3 - - district Thai Thuy reservoir commune Thanh Son 4 3 2 reservoir Quang Ninh Hien Ninh Long Dai 5 6 - district commune reservoir Quang Lien Thach Truong 6 - - commune reservoir Quang Phuong Dong Vat 7 Quang Trach commune 6 - reservoir district Cay Bom 8 Quang Hop reservoir - - commune 9 Buoi Roi reservoir - - Total 04 districts 07 communes 09 reservoirs 16 2 Assessment: Among 16 HH having lands permanently acquired, there is no HH with the acquiring area of from 20% of total productive land (there is no vulnerable household so the limit 20% is applied), therefore, there is no severely affected household. 87.5% of the HH being affected on land loses under 15% of total productive land, specifically: Table 5-6: HH’s land loss percentage STT Commune Reservoir <5% 5-10% 10-15% 15-20% >20% Hung TrachDong Suon 1 - - - - - commune reservoir My Thuy Dap Lang 2 - 1 - - - commune reservoir Vung Mo 3 - - - - - Thai Thuy reservoir commune Thanh Son 4 - 1 2 - - reservoir Hien Ninh Long Dai 5 1 2 2 1 - commune reservoir 86 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) STT Commune Reservoir <5% 5-10% 10-15% 15-20% >20% Quang Lien Thach Truong 6 - - - - - commune reservoir Quang Dong Vat 7 Phuong - 2 3 1 - reservoir commune Cay Bom 8 - - - - - Quang Hop reservoir commune Buoi Roi 9 - - - - - reservoir 07 Total 09 reservoirs 1 6 7 2 - communes The land acquisition will affect lives of 59 households, change living condition, incomes, production activities due to losses of lands, and changes in living activities. In addition, the risk of arising conflicts between family members when receiving the compensation money due to disagreements in use purpose of the compensation. Especially, the women in these households have to balance their expenses because of the changes in productive areas, they have to find new job or new way to expand the productive areas to compensate and restore incomes of the family. The acquired areas do not have any impact on cultural or religious aspect since there is no cultural structure or grave affected. b. UXO clearance 09 subproject reservoirs locate scattered in 07 communes/precincts/towns of the province. In the formation history, Quang Binh province is heavily affected by the war against the United States. As a result, the risk of UXO in the soil is high. This is a direct source of impact to human, especially construction workers in construction process. The UXO clearance activities have to be conducted in prior to the handover of construction sites, ensuring that there is no risk of UXO. UXO clearance activities will be conducted by the specialized military agency (Quang Binh province Military Department). Therefore, the impacts of UXO are limited to manageable and insignificant. c. Impacts of geological surveys Before preparing designing and construction documents, geological surveys are required to be conducted. This process potential affects the quality of underground water, may enable water to penetrate the dam body through the drilled holes. B. Impacts during construction phase of the subproject During the construction phase, construction activities for Main dam, Saddle dam, construction of Intake, material transportation process… all generate emissions and wastes which are potentially pollute the environment. During the construction phase, sources of impact include 2 types: (i) Source of impact relating to waste and emission; and (ii) Source of impact not related to wastes and emissions. Table 5-7: Sources, impact receiver, and scope of impact During the construction phase 87 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Source of impact Impact receiver Scope of impact I. Source of impact not related to wastes and emissions - Noise: (i) Social - Construction - Within the distance of 15m Construction workers and from the source of impact,, the material local people; noise level is 70÷96 dB transportation; (ii) - When the distance reaches 250 construction m, the noise level is under activities; (iii) allowable limit of QCVN excavation and 26:2010/BTNMT filling activities; (iv) - There are 20÷25 households operation of living near the construction site construction (the nearest household is 200m machines. away from the construction) will be affected by the noise. - Affecting about 80 households living along the Transportation route. - Presence of Social - Construction - Conflicts between Construction workers and Construction workers and local workers local people; people - Potential risk of social hazards and contagious diseases - Transporting the Social - Local - Reducing quality of the construction infrastructures material transportation routes. materials - Construction - Increased risk of road workers and accidents. local people - Construction Social - Construction - Reservoir safety activities sites of 09 - Reducing water quality and subproject quantity for irrigation of 767.1 reservoirs. ha agricultural land of 09 - People living subproject communes downstream of the dam - Trading activities of Social - Construction - Raising incomes of local people material supplies and material - Promoting socioeconomic services suppliers development. - Shops and services near the construction areas - Risk of breaking the Environmental - Quality of - Affecting quality of irrigation temporary dyke irrigation water water for 767.1ha agricultural land 88 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Source of impact Impact receiver Scope of impact - Only occur in a short period of time - Risk of fire and Social - Construction - Severely affecting 50 explosion workers Construction workers directly working at each construction site - Risk of work Social - Construction - Severely affecting 50 accident workers Construction workers directly working at each construction site - Risk of road Social - Construction - The increased traffic flow may accident workers and lead to potential risk of road local people accidents during material transportation process. II. Source of impact relating to wastes and emissions - Dust, emission: (i) Environmental - Air - The average quantity of Excavation and construction materials to be levelling activities; transported for each construction (ii) Material work is 8,112 tons. transportation and - Total excavation soil is 16,244 pilling; (iii) tons/construction work. Operations of - All subproject works locate far machines on from the residential areas with construction sites the average distance of over 1 kilometer, being affected by the dust and emission from the construction sites and transportation routes. - Flora - Dust covering leaves of trees near the subproject area, affecting the photosynthetic process of the plants Social - Construction - Health of Construction workers and workers and local people, local people causing respirational diseases, especially in children, elders and women. - Wastewater: (i) Environmental - Surface and - The amount of domestic Domestic underground wastewater by Construction wastewater; (ii) water workers is 5 m3/day/1 construction Construction - Soil site; 89 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Source of impact Impact receiver Scope of impact wastewater; (iii) - Aquatic flora - The amount of wastewater for Runoff water and fauna machine wash is 2.5 m3/day/1 construction site; - The average annual runoff water is 3,760.8 m3/year/1 construction site; - These wastewaters if being discharged directly into the environment will cause pollution in soil, surface and underground water in these areas. Social - Construction - Impacts on health and causing workers and digestive problems for 50 local people construction workers in each construction site. - Solid waste: (i) Environmental - Soil, air, - The amount of trees and crops domestic solid waste; underground to be cleared is about 1,500 m3/1 (ii) construction solid water construction site; waste; (iii) hazardous - The average total excavation is waste. 16,244 tons/ 01 construction site; - Domestic solid : 30 kg/day/1 construction site; - Small amount of packages and fuel containers. Social - Construction - Health of Construction workers and workers and 20÷25 households local people living within 200m from the dam due to the decayed wastes creating favorable conditions for contagious microorganism. ➢ Sources of impacts related to waste a) Dust and emission â?– Dust from excavation and filling process The excavation and filling processes to construct the subproject work items will generate a significant amount of dust. The amount of dust = Dust pollutant coefficient x Amount of excavation and filling The total amount of excavation and filling for the subproject works is summarised in the following table. The equivalent exchange is 1 m3 soil = 1,5 tons. Table 5-8: Total amount of excavation and filling of subproject works 90 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Total excavation Total excavation Excavation Filling soil Reservoir and filling and filling amount (m3) (m3) amount (m3) amount (tons) Vung Mo 23,758.5 14,528.2 38,286.70 49,772.71 Thanh Son 2,403.8 12,832.2 15,236.00 19,806.8 Dap Lang 34,313.7 48,850.2 83,163.90 108,113.07 Dong Suon 24,707.6 8,352.5 33,060.10 42,978.13 Long Dai 15,296.5 5,087.7 20,384.20 26,499.46 Thach Truong 24,008 17,453.2 41,461.20 53,899.56 Dong Vat 8,728.9 19,970.3 28,699.20 37,308.96 Cay Bom 4,982.7 23,732.6 28,715.30 37,329.89 Buoi Roi 10,677.2 27,743.3 38,420.50 49,946.65 Source: Technical description of the subproject “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2)â€? (Year 2 subproject) Referencing to the EIA guidance of World Bank (Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume II, Sectoral Guidelines, Environment, World Bank, Washington D.C 8/1991), Dust pollution rate (E) can be calculated using the following equation: E = k x 0,0016 x (U/2,2)1,4/ (M/2)1,3 In which: E – Dust pollution rate (kg/tons) k – particle structure, average value 0.35 U – average wind speed; M – average soil moisture 20% Table 5-9: The amount of dust from excavation and filling processes Dust Amount of Amount of Average Period of pollution exaction Amount of dust per No Reservoir wind speed activities rate and filling dust (kg) day (m/s) (day) (kg/tons) soil (tons) (kg/day) 1 Vung Mo 2.5 0.0134 49,772.71 666.95 30 22.23 2 Thanh Son 2.5 0.0134 19,806.8 265.41 30 8.85 108,113.0 3 Dap Lang 2.5 0.0134 1448.72 30 48.29 7 4 Dong Suon 2.5 0.0134 42,978.13 575.91 30 19.2 5 Long Dai 2.5 0.0134 26,499.46 355.09 30 11.84 Thach 6 2.5 0.0134 53,899.56 722.25 30 24.08 Truong 7 Dong Vat 2.5 0.0134 37,308.96 499.94 30 16.66 8 Cay Bom 2.5 0.0134 37,329.89 500.22 30 16.67 9 Buoi Roi 2.5 0.0134 49,946.65 669.29 30 22.31 Assessment: The dust will affect locally in the construction sites, hence, it will mostly 91 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) have impacts on the construction workers working in the construction sites, due to: (i) the reservoir areas locate far from the residential areas; (ii) there is vegetation cover surrounding the construction sites, therefore, creates a dust filter; (iii) in this phase, the contractors will have to fully equip the workers with work safety equipment. In conclusion, the impacts of dust are minimised to insignificant. â?– Dust and emission from operation of transportation vehicles and construction machines The construction process requires use of several vehicles and machines. Since the main fuel type if diesel, the operation of these machines will generate certain amount of emissions of hydrocarbon, COx, NOx, SO2, and dust. Total emission depends on several factors, such as types of engine, engine size, type of fuel, air flow, travelling distance,… The emission rate also depends on factors, such as road quality, traffic flow, technical quality of the vehicles, and amount of fuel burnt,… Referencing to the pollution coefficient for rapid assessment of World Health Organisation (WHO, 1993), the coefficients for diesel vehicles are: Table 5-10: Emission level of diesel vehicles TT Pollutant Emission coefficient (g/kg) 1 Carbon oxide (COx) 20.81 2 Hydrocarbon (CxHy) 4.16 3 NOx 18.01 4 SO2 7.8 5 Dust 5.00 Source: Assessment of sources of air, water, and land pollution, WHO, 1993 Table 5-11: Input factors of material transportation process Average Period of Number Transportation transportation No Reservoir transportation of trips quantity (tons) distance (day) (trip) (km/trip) 1 Vung Mo 57,339.51 240 8,191 88.7 2 Thanh Son 27,738.85 240 3,963 124.9 3 Dap Lang 121,577.12 240 17,368 69.7 4 Dong Suon 52,261.43 240 7,466 141.55 5 Long Dai 29,955.06 240 4,279 224.7 6 Thach Truong 63,234.41 240 9,033 182.8 7 Dong Vat 41,838.71 240 5,977 150.9 8 Cay Bom 44,935.69 240 6,419 121.6 9 Buoi Roi 59,783 240 8,540 84.1 92 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Source: Technical description of the subproject “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2)â€? (Year 2 subproject) Assuming all transportation vehicles use diesel at rate of 14kg/100km, the total emission and dust from material transportation processes can be calculated using the following equation: G=LxDxkxf In which: G: Total pollutant (g) L: transportation distance for each trip (km) D: number of trips (trip) k: fuel use in 100km (14kg/100km) f: emission rate of the fuel (g/kg) Using this equation, the amount of pollutants in air environment can be estimated for diesel vehicles as in the table below, assuming the transportation time of 8 hours per day (mostly at night). Table 5-12: Amount of pollutants from transportation vehicles Amount of pollutant (mg/s) Reservoir COx CxHy NOx SO2 TSP Vung Mo 7,349.68 6,594.77 6,360.77 2,754.8 1,765.9 Thanh Son 5,007.19 6,326.51 4,333.47 1,876.79 1,203.07 Dap Lang 12,245.89 8,634.37 10,598.19 4,590 2,942.31 Dong Suon 10,690.68 15,308.15 9,252.24 4,007.08 2,568.64 Long Dai 9,726.42 22,108.73 8,417.72 3,645.65 2,336.96 Thach Truong 16,703.82 3,0888.7 14,456.31 6,260.92 4,013.41 Dong Vat 9,123.89 13,927.62 7,896.27 3,419.82 2,192.19 Cay Bom 7,896.03 9,712.92 6,833.61 2,959.59 1,897.17 Buoi Roi 7,265.43 6,181.09 6,287.86 2,723.23 1,745.66 â?– Emission from operation of construction machines The amount of emission generated from the construction machines on site depends on the quantity and quality of the machines used, and construction methods. The quantity of construction machines is fairly large. These machines use diesel as fuel and will generate the pollutants SO2, CO, NOx, VOC: Table 5-13: Emission rate of some construction machines Emission rate Machine SO2 CO NOx PM10 VOC Auto-empty truck 0.00374 0.00993 0.0408 0.00288 0.00485 Chain bull dozer 0.00373 0.00655 0.0517 0.00266 0.00153 Chain excavator. 1.25 m3 0.00374 0.0102 0.031 0.00327 0.00228 93 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Emission rate Machine SO2 CO NOx PM10 VOC Bull dozer 108 CV 0.00374 0.0147 0.0343 0.00177 0.00158 Roller 0.00373 0.0226 0.0485 0.0029 0.0036 Other machines 0.00373 0.0184 0.0441 0.00361 0.00404 Source: Australian Department of Environment and Heritage Remarks: S- percentage of sulphur in diesel, in compliance to QCVN 01:2009/BKHCN dated 30/9/2009 by Ministry of Science and Technology on national technical regulation on gas, diesel and biological fuel, S = 0.05%. Since the construction work at each construction site is similar to each other, assuming the quantity of machines used in each construction site is the same. Therefore, the capacity and fuel use of construction machines are: Table 5-14: Fuel use rate of some construction machine Fuel use rate Total fuel No Machine Quantity use/shift Fuel Rate (8hrs/shift) I Vung Mo reservoir 1 Digger volume 1.25 m3 Diezel 64.8 2 129.6 2 Automatic dozer 110 CV Diezel 46.2 2 92.4 3 Automatic compressor 8-10 T Diezel 36 1 36 4 Auto-unloading truck 7 T Diezel 45.9 3 137.7 5 Watering truck 5.0 m3 Diezel 22.5 2 45 6 Concrete mixer 250L Kwh 10.8 3 32.4 7 Concrete compactor 1.0kW Kwh 6.75 3 20.25 Transformative current welder 8 Kwh 48.3 3 144.9 23kw Steel cutter and shaper. capacity 9 kwh 3 3 9 5kw II Thanh Son reservoir 1 Digger volume 1.25 m3 Diezel 64.8 3 194.4 2 Automatic dozer 110 CV Diezel 46.2 2 92.4 3 Automatic compressor 8-10 T Diezel 36 1 36 4 Auto-unloading truck 7 T Diezel 45.9 4 183.6 5 Watering truck 5.0 m3 Diezel 22.5 3 67.5 6 Concrete mixer 250L Kwh 10.8 3 32.4 7 Concrete compactor 1.0kW Kwh 6.75 5 33.75 Transformative current welder 8 Kwh 48.3 3 144.9 23kw 9 Steel cutter and shaper. capacity kwh 3 4 12 94 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Fuel use rate Total fuel No Machine Quantity use/shift Fuel Rate (8hrs/shift) 5kw III Dap Lang reservoir 1 Digger volume 1.25 m3 Diezel 64.8 2 129.6 2 Automatic dozer 110 CV Diezel 46.2 2 92.4 3 Automatic compressor 8-10 T Diezel 36 1 36 4 Auto-unloading truck 7 T Diezel 45.9 3 137.7 5 Watering truck 5.0 m3 Diezel 22.5 2 45 6 Concrete mixer 250L Kwh 10.8 3 32.4 7 Concrete compactor 1.0kW Kwh 6.75 3 20.25 Transformative current welder 8 Kwh 48.3 3 144.9 23kw Steel cutter and shaper. capacity 9 kwh 3 3 9 5kw IV Dong Suon reservoir 1 Digger volume 1.25 m3 Diezel 64.8 2 129.6 2 Automatic dozer 110 CV Diezel 46.2 2 92.4 3 Automatic compressor 8-10 T Diezel 36 1 36 4 Auto-unloading truck 7 T Diezel 45.9 3 137.7 5 Watering truck 5.0 m3 Diezel 22.5 2 45 6 Concrete mixer 250L Kwh 10.8 3 32.4 7 Concrete compactor 1.0kW Kwh 6.75 3 20.25 Transformative current welder 8 Kwh 48.3 3 144.9 23kw Steel cutter and shaper. capacity 9 kwh 3 3 9 5kw V Long Dai reservoir 1 Digger volume 1.25 m3 Diezel 64.8 3 194.4 2 Automatic dozer 110 CV Diezel 46.2 2 92.4 3 Automatic compressor 8-10 T Diezel 36 1 36 4 Auto-unloading truck 7 T Diezel 45.9 4 183.6 5 Watering truck 5.0 m3 Diezel 22.5 3 67.5 6 Concrete mixer 250L Kwh 10.8 3 32.4 7 Concrete compactor 1.0kW Kwh 6.75 5 33.75 Transformative current welder 8 Kwh 48.3 3 144.9 23kw Steel cutter and shaper. capacity 9 kwh 3 4 12 5kw 95 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Fuel use rate Total fuel No Machine Quantity use/shift Fuel Rate (8hrs/shift) VI Thach Truong reservoir 1 Digger volume 1.25 m3 Diezel 64.8 2 129.6 2 Automatic dozer 110 CV Diezel 46.2 2 92.4 3 Automatic compressor 8-10 T Diezel 36 1 36 4 Auto-unloading truck 7 T Diezel 45.9 3 137.7 5 Watering truck 5.0 m3 Diezel 22.5 2 45 6 Concrete mixer 250L Kwh 10.8 3 32.4 7 Concrete compactor 1.0kW Kwh 6.75 3 20.25 Transformative current welder 8 Kwh 48.3 3 144.9 23kw Steel cutter and shaper. capacity 9 kwh 3 3 9 5kw VII Dong Vat reservoir 1 Digger volume 1.25 m3 Diezel 64.8 2 129.6 2 Automatic dozer 110 CV Diezel 46.2 2 92.4 3 Automatic compressor 8-10 T Diezel 36 1 36 4 Auto-unloading truck 7 T Diezel 45.9 3 137.7 5 Watering truck 5.0 m3 Diezel 22.5 2 45 6 Concrete mixer 250L Kwh 10.8 3 32.4 7 Concrete compactor 1.0kW Kwh 6.75 3 20.25 Transformative current welder 8 Kwh 48.3 3 144.9 23kw Steel cutter and shaper. capacity 9 kwh 3 3 9 5kw VIII Cay Bom reservoir 1 Digger volume 1.25 m3 Diezel 64.8 2 129.6 2 Automatic dozer 110 CV Diezel 46.2 2 92.4 3 Automatic compressor 8-10 T Diezel 36 1 36 4 Auto-unloading truck 7 T Diezel 45.9 3 137.7 5 Watering truck 5.0 m3 Diezel 22.5 2 45 6 Concrete mixer 250L Kwh 10.8 3 32.4 7 Concrete compactor 1.0kW Kwh 6.75 3 20.25 Transformative current welder 8 Kwh 48.3 3 144.9 23kw Steel cutter and shaper. capacity 9 kwh 3 3 9 5kw IX Buoi Roi reservoir 96 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Fuel use rate Total fuel No Machine Quantity use/shift Fuel Rate (8hrs/shift) 1 Digger volume 1.25 m3 Diezel 64.8 2 129.6 2 Automatic dozer 110 CV Diezel 46.2 2 92.4 3 Automatic compressor 8-10 T Diezel 36 1 36 4 Auto-unloading truck 7 T Diezel 45.9 3 137.7 5 Watering truck 5.0 m3 Diezel 22.5 2 45 6 Concrete mixer 250L Kwh 10.8 3 32.4 7 Concrete compactor 1.0kW Kwh 6.75 3 20.25 Transformative current welder 8 Kwh 48.3 3 144.9 23kw Steel cutter and shaper. capacity 9 kwh 3 3 9 5kw Average fuel use rate DO 1.08 litre/1kw Source: Decision number 1134/QD-BXD dated 08/10/2015 about Announcement of enumeration to identify prices of machine shift and construction machine Based on the emission rate and the fuel use, the emission of some construction machines can be calculated as follows: Table 5-15: Maximum emission of construction machines (kg/day) TT Machine SO2 CO NOx PM10 VOCs a. Digger volume 1.25 m3 2.42 6.60 20.09 2.12 1.48 b. Automatic dozer 110 CV 2.42 9.51 22.18 1.14 1.01 c. Automatic compressor 8-10 T 0.81 3.97 9.52 0.77 0.87 d. Auto-unloading truck 7 T 3.43 9.11 37.45 2.64 4.45 e. Watering truck 5.0 m3 0.69 3.43 8.23 0.67 0.75 f. Concrete mixer 250L 0.67 1.78 7.34 0.51 0.87 g. Concrete compactor 1.0kW 0.37 1.84 4.42 0.36 0.40 h. Transformative current welder 23kw 1.94 9.59 23.00 1.88 2.10 i. Steel cutter and shaper. capacity 5kw 0.36 1.78 4.2 0.35 0.39 Total 13.11 47.61 136.43 10.44 12.32 Conclusion: The dust and emission generated during the construction phase are mainly from excavation and filling activities, and operations of construction machines on site. When the concentration of dust and other pollutants exceed the approved limits, adverse impacts on health of construction workers and local people, and air pollution will occur. Table 5-16: Impacts of air pollutants Pollutant Impacts Dust - Affecting respirational systems, lungs, causing lung cancer 97 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Pollutant Impacts - Hurting skin, eyes, and causing digestive problems - Affecting respirational systems, entering blood stream - SO2 can cause poison through skin contact, reducing sodium content in blood SOx, NOx - Causing acid rain affecting the growth of vegetation - Increasing the process of metal degradation, destroying concrete materials and infrastructures - Adverse impacts on the climate, ecosystem and ozone layer - Reducing oxygen transportation ability of blood to organs and cells due to the combination of CO and haemoglobin into carboxi- haemoglobin - CO infection will affect several systems and organs, such as nervous CO system, respirational system, especially organs using large amount of oxygen, such as brain and heart, affecting the development of foetus. - Causing headache, exhausting the body, causing dizziness, reducing appetite, obstructing breathing process, dulling senses. - Causing lung problems CO2 - Creating green house effect - Adverse impacts on the ecosystem However, the concentrations of dust and pollutants highly depend on the construction methods, quality of machines, and weather condition at construction time. All the impacts are local, temporary only in the construction period and can be mitigated. b) Wastewater Wastewater from construction phase of the subproject including: (i) Domestic wastewater; (ii) Construction wastewater; (iii) Runoff water over construction surfaces. â?– Domestic wastewater Domestic wastewater from living activities of construction workers on construction site is a significant source of pollution to surface and underground water environment of the subproject areas in the construction phase. The contents of domestic wastewater contain mostly organic substance, suspended particles, and microorganisms. According to Decree number 80/2014/ND-CP dated 06/8/2014 regulating water discharge and wastewater treatment, the amount of wastewater is estimated to be equal to 100% of water use. Table 5-17: Amount of wastewater Water supply Amount of Wastewater No Reservoir standard (liter per worker (liter/day) person per day) 1 Vung Mo 40 45 1800 2 Thanh Son 60 45 2700 98 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Water supply Amount of Wastewater No Reservoir standard (liter per worker (liter/day) person per day) 3 Dap Lang 60 45 2700 4 Dong Suon 35 45 1575 5 Long Dai 45 45 2025 6 Thach Truong 60 45 2700 7 Dong Vat 50 45 2250 8 Cay Bom 65 45 2925 9 Buoi Roi 45 45 2025 Remark: Standard on water supply per person per day identified by TCXDVN 33:2006 by Ministry of Construction on water supply – pipe network and construction Based on researches on the pollutant rates in daily domestic wastewater by WHO (1993) and research paper on wastewater and wastewater treatment (Nguyen Xuan Nguyen, 2003), the amount of pollutant in domestic wastewater in construction phase can be calculated as in the following tables: Table 5-18: Standard amount of pollutant in domestic wastewater No Pollutant Unit Value 1 BOD5 g/person/day 45 ÷ 54 2 COD g/person/day 72 ÷ 102 3 TSS g/person/day 70 ÷ 145 4 Total N g/person/day 6 ÷ 12 5 Total P g/person/day 0,8 ÷ 4,0 6 Ammonia g/person/day 2,4 ÷ 4,8 7 Oil and fat g/person/day 10 ÷ 30 8 Total Coliform, MPN/100ml 106 ÷ 109 Table 5-19: Amount of pollutant in domestic wastewater by construction workers No Pollutant Unit Value 1 BOD5 kg/construction/day 0,1125÷0,135 2 COD kg/construction/day 0,18÷0,255 3 TSS kg/construction/day 0,175÷0,3625 4 Total N kg/construction/day 0,015÷0,03 5 Total P kg/construction/day 0,002÷0,01 6 Ammonia kg/construction/day 0,006÷0,012 99 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) No Pollutant Unit Value 7 Oil and fat kg/construction/day 0,025÷0,075 8 Total Coliform, MPN/construction/day 2500÷25x105 Assessment: Representative feature of domestic wastewater is the large proportion of suspended particles, organic substances and E. Coli bacteria. If this wastewater is not collected and treated before discharging into the environment, it will pollute the environment and directly affect the aquatic ecosystem and health of local people using the polluted water source. High concentration of suspended substances will increase turbidity of the water body, affecting the movement and hunting activities of the aquatic faunas living in that place. At the same time, high turbidity also hinder the sun light entering the deep layers of water body, reducing photosynthesis ability of the floras and algae living in deep water. High concentration of BOD5 in wastewater will reduce the amount of free oxygen in the water (DO) due to the decay of these organic matters, concurrently, promote the development of algae on the surface of the water body and may lead to eutrophication phenomenon. In addition, the Coli bacteria and some other harmful bacteria may enter the food sources, such as vegetables irrigated by the polluted water, then enter human bodies and cause serious illness, such as severe diarrhea. The calculated results show that the amount of pollutants in the domestic wastewater of the construction workers is relatively low, the level of impact on the ambient environment is not significant. Moreover, in the construction phase, the contractors will prioritize employment of local people living in the area instead of on site; Hence, the number of construction workers living on site will be small, 3-5 people to ensure the security of the construction sites. As a result, the actual amount of wastewater will be much lower than the calculated results. â?– Construction wastewater Construction wastewater is mainly from the following activities: washing vehicles, changing oil, maintaining vehicles and machines, washing materials,… The main pollutants in this wastewater are the suspended particles, inorganic matters, soil and sand. This type of wastewater can be treated easily by retention using the temporary waster sewage canals. As a result, the change of pollutants entering the surface water sources in the surrounding area is low. According to research by Center for Urban and Industrial Environment Technology – Hanoi University of Construction, the amount and concentration of pollutants in construction wastewater are: Table 5-20: Amount and concentration of pollutant in construction wastewater Oil and Amount COD TT Type of wastewater grease SS (mg/l) (m3/day) (mg/l) (mg/l) 100 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Wastewater from maintaining 1 1,0 20 ÷ 30 - 50 ÷ 80 machine activities Wastewater from washing 2 5,0 50 ÷ 80 1,0 ÷ 2,0 150 ÷ 200 machine activities Wastewater from cooling machine 3 1,5 10 ÷ 20 0,5 ÷ 1,0 10 ÷ 15 activities QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT (B) 150 10 100 Source: Center for Urban and Industrial Environment Technology – Hanoi University of Construction Assessment: The amount of this wastewater is fairly low, the impacts on nearby environment are insignificant. â?– Runoff water When constructing in rain season, the rain water will run off the subproject areas and carry soil, sand, dropped materials, oil and grease to the water discharging system. The amount of runoff water is calculated based on the area of receiving, annual precipitation, and surface runoff coefficient The amount of runoff water is calculated by the following equation: Q = ψ x q x F/1000 (m3/year) In which: Q: Amount of runoff water, m3/year Ψ: Surface runoff coefficient, select ψ = 0,6 q: Annual precipitation of the area (mm/year) F: Construction areas of the work (m2) Table 5-21: Amount of runoff water Annual Construction Amount of runoff No Reservoir precipitation area (m2) water (m3/year) (mm/year) 1 Vung Mo 2.500 12.909,5 19.364,25 2 Thanh Son 2.500 3.220 4.830 3 Dap Lang 2.500 3.396 5.094 4 Dong Suon 2.500 5.187,5 7.781,25 5 Long Dai 2.500 2.375 3.562,5 6 Thach Truong 2.500 3.190 4.785 7 Dong Vat 2.500 2.846,5 4.269,75 8 Cay Bom 2.500 2.812 4.218 9 Buoi Roi 2.500 4.190,5 6.285,75 According to researches by WHO, the concentrations of pollutants in normal runoff water is 0.5 ÷ 1.5 mg N/l; 0.004 ÷ 0.03 mg P/l; 10 ÷ 20 mg COD/l and 10 ÷ 20 mg TSS/l. The estimated amounts of pollutants in runoff water in the subproject areas are: Table 5-22: Estimated amounts of pollutants in runoff water 101 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) No Parameter Pollutant concentration (mg/l) Pollutant amount (kg/year) 1 TSS 10 ÷ 20 130.840,9 ÷ 261.681,2 2 COD 10 ÷ 20 130.840,9 ÷ 261.681,2 3 Total N 0,5 ÷ 1,5 65.420,4 ÷ 196.261,3 4 Total P 0,004 ÷ 0,03 523,3 ÷ 3.925,2 Assessments: In reality, the amount of runoff water may be lower than the calculated number since the subproject area has canal system and the reservoir to ensure adequate water discharge. c) Solid waste â?– Solid waste from construction process During the construction process, solid wastes include left-over construction materials, steel pieces, concrete packages, broken wood pieces, broken brick,… If these wastes are not collected and treated, they may follow the runoff water flow into the water sewage canals, polluting the surface water bodies (mainly increase turbidity). However, the amount of this type of waste is not large, and will be collected and transported away as regulated. The packaging materials will be recycled by selling to appropriate recycling partners. In addition, the whole excavation and filling process (about 1.5 months), there is a large amount of soil presenting in the construction sites. All of these soils and materials will be collected and stored at a predesigned place, ensuring that all environmental requirements are met. Table 5-23: Estimated amount of waste soil/rock from construction process of the subproject Waste soil Amount Waste soil Amount Reservoir m3 tons Reservoir m3 tons Vung Mo 23,758.5 30,886.05 Thach Truong 24,008 31,210.4 Thanh Son 2,403.8 3,124.94 Dong Vat 8,728.9 11,347.57 Dap Lang 34,313.7 44,607.81 Cay Bom 4,982.7 6,477.51 Dong Suon 24,707.6 32,119.88 Buoi Roi 10,677.2 13,880.36 Long Dai 15,296.5 19,885.45 Source: Technical design of the subproject The amount of solid waste dropped in the transportation of materials in construction phase, such as soil, sand, gravel, cannot be estimated accurately. However, the amount of this waste is expected to be insignificant because these construction materials are purchased and saved by the construction contractors. As a result, impacts due to the solid waste in construction phase are small and can easily be mitigated. The amount of solid wastes such as broken brick, steel pieces, packaging of concrete, can be recycled, so these will be collected to reuse or sold to recycling partners. â?– Domestic solid waste by construction workers 102 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Domestic solid wastes contain mostly packaging, nylon bag, bottles, cans, vegetables, left-over foods. This is the main pollution source due to the decay of organic matters, causing foul odours, garbage leaks, and harmful microorganism. This pollution source if not collected adequately will pollute the environment. According to guidance of Circular number 02/2010/TT-BXD dated 05/02/2010 by Ministry of Construction on national technical center for urban infrastructures, the rate of waste in rural area is 0.5 kg/person/day. Therefore, the amount of solid wastes from the construction areas are calculated as follows: Table 5-24: Amount of domestic solid waste Number of Rate of solid construction Amount of solid No Reservoir waste generation workers waste (kg/day) (kg/person/day) (person) 1 Vung Mo 50 0,5 25 2 Thanh Son 50 0,5 25 3 Dap Lang 50 0,5 25 4 Dong Suon 50 0,5 25 5 Long Dai 50 0,5 25 6 Thach Truong 50 0,5 25 7 Dong Vat 50 0,5 25 8 Cay Bom 50 0,5 25 9 Buoi Roi 50 0,5 25 The contents of domestic solid wastes include: Table 5-25: Contents of domestic solid wastes No Waste content Percentage (%) 1 Organic matters 50.35 2 Paper 2.74 3 Wood, plastic, leather 7.10 4 Shell 1.00 5 Glass 7.73 6 Gravel and brick 7.46 7 Metal 1.00 Mixed solid particle with size 8 22.62 <10mm Source: Environmental management in developing countries, volume 1 With the content proportions aforementioned, the amounts of domestic solid wastes by contents are calculated for each subproject areas as follows: 103 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Table 5-26: Amount of pollutants in domestic solid waste No Solid waste content Amount of solid waste (kg/day) 1 Organic matters 12,5875 2 Paper 0,685 3 Wood, plastic, leather 1,775 4 Shell 1,9325 5 Glass 1,865 6 Gravel and brick 5,655 7 Metal 12,5875 Mixed solid particle with size 8 <10mm 0,685 Assessment: Although the amount of domestic solid waste is not large, improper handling may lead of pile up over time and affect air quality due to the decay of organic matters, and affect surface water quality due to the increases in turbidity and blocks of water flow. In addition, the wastes also create favorable conditions for harmful bacteria to grow, implying risks of creating and distributing diseases, affecting health of construction workers and nearby residential areas. However, the construction will prioritize the use of local people with self-sustainable living condition, the construction sites will have only 5-10 people to ensure site security and watch over materials on site, the actual amount of solid waste will be significantly lower than the calculated results in the table above. â?– Hazardous solid waste In the construction phase, the maintenance and reparation of machines and vehicles on site often generate hazardous wastes, such as discharged oil, cleaning clothes tainted with grease, soil and grease containers,… These wastes are categorized as hazardous wastes according to Circular number 36/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 30/6/2015 by Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment about hazardous waste regulation. The hazardous wastes from construction activities include: - The wastes produced by the work camps, the repair points along the transportation routes include the wash cloth and napkins containing oil and greases from the cleaning, repairing and maintaining the machines, and the plastic and metal containers of oil and petrol. The quantity of hazardous wastes in these processes is not large, about 3- 5kg/construction site/day. These wastes will be collected and delivered to the competent authorities for treatment. The impacts is assessed as low impact. - Waste oil and greases: the waste oil and grease are hazardous wastes produced by the maintenance and reparation of machines and vehicles. The amount of waste oil and grease depends on the following elements: - Number of vehicles and machines on construction site - Amount of waste oil and grease from machines and vehicles - Period of changing oil and maintaining machines 104 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - Washcloth tainted with oil from maintenance of construction machines Wastewater tainted with oil includes wastewater from cleaning activities of the areas storing oils, or leaked water from cooling systems, leaked fuels, leaked lubricants during the construction and unloading processes. These oil and grease when leaked, one part will create oil firm, another part will dissolve in water, and the remaining exists as emulsion. The sediment containing oil after settling will accumulate in the soil and causes soil degradation. Oil and grease have common feature as high surface tension, strong expansion, and long existence in the environment. When being dumped into the environment, they often hinder the air flow between the air environment and their environment. Thereby, they directly affect the lives of organisms living in the soil and water environment in the area. In addition, oil in water will be converted into hazardous substances to human and aquatic organisms, such as phenol, chlorite-rooted and phenol-rooted substances. According to researches by Center for Military Science and Technology (2002), the amount of oil from each vehicle or construction machine after each oil change is about 7 litres. The period between oil change and maintenance of construction machines is from 3 to 6 months, depending on the operational intensity of these machines. During the peak construction period, the number of transportation vehicles and machines require changing oil are about 09 vehicles per construction site. The amount of waste oil on average is about (09 vehicles x 7 liters/time)*3 months = 21 liters per month. Related to collection and handle of hazardous waste, the safety policy of the subproject is included in the ECOP and environmental protection policy in bidding: all the hazardous wastes have to be collected and handled by competent authorities, therefore, the impact can be considered low impact. Impacts on the ecosystem The aquatic ecosystem: the construction works including soil digging and reservoir emptying will increase turbidity of the water body, and may pollute the water with oil and grease or chemicals. The construction materials may affect the living and breeding environment of species, reduce photosynthetic ability of algae. This may result in negative changes in living habitats of fishes and other aquatic species, affecting the aquatic ecosystem. However, the existing ecosystems are simple and poor in biodiversity, with the proper mitigation measures, the recovery of the ecosystem will be quick, hence the impact level is low. Terrestrial ecosystem: The levelling process will cause loss of habitats, breeding locations and disappearance of species, such as insects in soil, and snakes, frogs,… Dust, emissions from construction activities will affect living and development conditions of the flora and fauna in the areas: the dust will cover the leaves and reduce photosynthesis and heat up the leaves; The emissions SO2, CO, H2S may cause diseases for leaves and development of trees. However, these impacts will not significantly affect development process of the flora. The clearance of trees and vegetation on the surface may cause landfall. These impacts are all temporary and only limited in the construction sites. In addition, the local ecosystem has high ability to regenerate. As a result, the impact is considered low impact. Impacts on soil environment 105 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) The activities of material exploitation, transportation and pilling will affect the soil environment, break surface structures and change the nutritious contents of the soil. Construction wastes such as carton, scrape metals, plastic containers, waste soil and stones,… if not collected will be mixed in the soil. The wastes unable to compose will retain in the soil and pollute the environment. Domestic wastes from living activities of workers are easily composed and may produce foul odours. Adequate toilets have to be placed to prevent wastes to be discharged directly to the environment. However, these wastes are mostly from the work camps, which can be collected easily, hence, the impact is small. The solid wastes containing hazardous wastes are not large but still requires proper handling. Wastewater from construction processes contains concrete and construction materials, while wastewater from cleaning and repairing machines contains oil and grease. These wastewaters if entering the soil will harden the soil. However, the quantity is small and the area of impact is not large, hence, the impact can be considered low impact. Field study concludes that the temporary used areas for supporting works are small. The wastewater and solid wastes during construction phase will be collected and treated properly so that the impacts on soil environment are low impacts. ➢ Sources of impacts not related to waste a) Impacts by noise As required by QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT, the maximum level of noise approved for the subproject areas is 70 dBA from 6am to 9pm and 55 dBA from 9pm to 6am. In the construction phase, noises are born mostly from construction machines and transportation vehicles. In order to assess the noise levels of the construction machines, the reference noise levels are summarised in the following table (excluding the resonance of noises due to use of multiple machines at the same time): Table 5-27: Noise from construction machines Noise level at distance of QCVN No Machine 15 m (dB) 26:2010/BTNMT 1 Truck 70 ÷ 96 2 Crane 72 ÷ 96 3 Roller 72 ÷ 88 4 Puller 73 ÷ 96 From 6h÷21h: 70dB 5 Dozer 77 ÷ 95 From 21h÷6h: 55 dB 6 Concrete mixer 71 ÷ 90 7 Electrical generator 70 ÷ 82 8 Vibrating dozer 70 ÷ 80 Source: Environmental Protection Agency of the United States – Noise from construction machines NJID, 300.1, 31/12/1971 However, noise level reduces as the distance increases, and can be calculated by the equation: Lp= Lp(X0) + 20log10(X0/X) 106 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) In which: - Lp(X0): Noise level at distance of 15m (dBA) - X0= 15m - Lp(X): Noise level at calculating distance (dBA) - X: Calculating distance (m) The maximum noise levels at certain distances from the construction sites are represented in the table below. Table 5-28: Calculated noise levels of construction machines by distance Distance (m) QCVN 26:2010/ No Machine 15 50 100 200 BTNMT 1 Truck 70 ÷ 96 59.5 ÷ 85.5 53.5 ÷ 79.5 47.5 ÷ 73.5 2 Crane 72 ÷ 96 61.5 ÷ 85.5 55.5 ÷ 79.5 49.5 ÷ 73.5 3 Roller 72 ÷ 88 61.5 ÷ 77.5 55.5 ÷ 71.5 49.5 ÷ 65.5 4 Puller 73 ÷ 96 62.5 ÷ 85.5 56.5 ÷ 79.5 50.5 ÷ 73.5 5 Dozer 77 ÷ 95 66.5 ÷ 84.5 60.5 ÷ 78.5 54.5 ÷ 72.5 6am-9pm: 70dB Concrete 9m-6am: 55dB 6 71 ÷ 90 60.5 ÷ 79.5 54.5 ÷ 73.5 48.5 ÷ 67.5 mixer Electrical 7 70 ÷ 82 59.5 ÷ 71.5 53.5 ÷ 65.5 47.5 ÷ 59.5 generator Vibrating 8 70 ÷ 80 59.5 ÷ 69.5 53.5 ÷ 63.5 47.5 ÷ 57.5 dozer The calculated results of noise levels by distance indicate that: - Noise levels of some machines in the distance within 200m still exceed the approved limits of QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: trucks, cranes, pullers, dozers. Noises from other machines are within the approved limits. - When the distance increase by twice, noise level will reduce by about 6dB. - The nearest residential area to the subproject areas is about 2km way, therefore, the noises of these machines will mostly not affect the local residents. The noise will only locally affect the construction workers working on construction sites. - The noises from transportation vehicles will affect the households living along the transportation routes. However, this impact is nor remarkable due to: most filling materials will be transported within the subproject areas (the soil mines are located near the main dam of each reservoir). Other materials, such as steel, concrete,… are only 10% of transportation materials, the transportation period will be short and create small impacts. On the other hand, the construction sites have multiple activities at the same time, the actual noise may be greater than the calculated results due to sound resonance. 107 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Table 5-29: Impact of noise on human by intensity and period Noise level Impacts Period of noise (dBA) 85 Continuous Safe 85-90 Continuous Unpleasant Temporary impact on hearing, can be recovered 90-100 Instant after the sound stops Continuous Completely obstruct hearing ability > 100 Instant Impact on hearing ability but can be avoided 100-110 A few years Deaf 110-120 A few months Deaf 120 Instant High impact, unpleasant feeling 140 Instant Ear pain >150 Short period Physical damage to the ears Source: World Bank, Environmental Impact Assessment for Lime Stone Mine in Nongtrai, India, 2002 b) Impacts on land and soil During the construction of the works, the subproject requires excavation and exploitation activities to consolidate the headworks. The total amount of excavating and filling soil is 17,472.6 tons/ 01 construction work. Hence, each work has its own designed soil mine and waste area. After excavating the weathered layer before consolidating the works, rain can cause erosion and wash-off soil at soil mines, affecting land quality and structure of soil layers in these areas. In addition, the operations of machines can also alter physical features of the land (tightness, particle structure,…) or pollute soil environment (pollution by oil, heavy metals,…) due to leaked oil during maintenance process. c) Assessing impacts on the society • Infrastructures The average number of vehicles working on construction site is 9-10 vehicles/day. Transportation routes that can be degraded are the inter-communal roads in 07 subproject communes. The inter-communal roads are made of concrete and can load vehicles of up to 7 tons. Therefore, the transportation of materials and machines may cause damages to the road surfaces. In addition, the presence of a large amount of vehicles will also increase traffic flow and may cause traffic congestion. As a result, the construction process has to have measures to protect the quality of transportation routes and reduce traffic issues. • Impacts on public health In this phase, emissions, wastewater and wastes from construction activities may directly affect health of construction workers and nearby local residents, especially children, elders, and women: impacts on respirational system, digestive system, nervous system, eyes,… In addition, the concentration of a large amount of construction workers in construction phase 108 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) will also increase risks of diseases and social issues. - In addition to environmental issues, the construction activities may lead to increased traffic activities due to material transportation that creating risks of road accidents. The households living along the transportation routes and near construction areas are at risk of road accidents. - During the construction process, the work camps contain risks of contagious diseases, which threatening health of the workers and local people. The contagious diseases threatening the public health are related to poor hygiene, STD, and transmitting mediums. The most dangerous diseases include STD, HIV/AIDS, herpes… - Throughout the construction phase of the subproject of 24 months, the construction sites locate in 09 locations and the number of people from other origins are about 30 workers/construction site (mostly engineers and skilled labors), the dispersed works enable effective management of workers and diseases. All the toilets in use will have to meet the requirements of QCVN 01:2011/BYT on standards of hygienic toilets, the development and spread of diseases will be managed and contained. As a conclusion, the impact is considered medium. • Impacts of the presence of construction workers The presence and concentration of a large amount of construction workers in the construction process will directly and indirectly affect the socioeconomic state of the subproject areas. The impacts include: - Positive impacts: + Promoting the service and trades of the local areas, increasing food demands for the construction workers. However, the food demands do not severely affect the overall supply and demand balance of the areas. The subproject areas have capacity of meeting the increased demands in all aspects. + Construction workers can be selected from the local people to reduce the stresses on the environment and socioeconomic state, and also create more job opportunities for the local people to increase their income. - Adverse impacts: + Affecting the local social order and stability: the differences in culture, living norms may create conflicts between construction workers and the local people, thereby, affecting the social stability and may create social issues, such as thief, gambling, prostitution,… + Risk of increased STDs and HIV/AIDS: The presence of workers from other places in the subproject communes may bring diseases and different lifestyle, affecting the local traditions. Especially, women are at risks of being infected with STDs and HIV/AIDS and unwanted pregnancy. + Increasing environmental pollution: Construction workers directly living in the construction sites will generate certain amount of wastes and affect the environment or increase risks of diseases. 109 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) + Increasing stress on the local healthcare system regarding infrastructures, medicines, staffs, services,… due to the increased demand. + Increased risk of domestic violence: due to conflicts when receiving compensation money and reduced income or improper management of assistance allowances (the rate of domestic violence in the subproject area is 3%). + Increased risk of sexual assault and sexual harassment due to the increased population with worker migrants from other places to the construction sites. + Risks of using child labour in the construction sites. During the construction phase, the presence and concentration of construction workers are only locally in the construction sites, and temporarily during the construction period, hence, these impacts are not remarkable. • Reservoir safety During the construction processes: removing weathered layers, consolidating downstream slope, removing the paving stones on upstream slope, digging intake foundation, constructing the spillway,… directly affect safety of the reservoir if the construction method is unsuitable. Removing weathered layers and paving stones on upstream slope: will affect the top layer of the dam. When executing these works, if rain occurs, the surface will be eroded and cause landslide, affecting the water quality in the reservoir and sediment in the reservoir zone. However, all of these activities will be conducted in dry season and completed section by section so that these aforementioned impacts are local, temporary and insignificant. Consolidating downstream slope: the main dams and saddle dams will be consolidated by creating a stair-shaped surface and rip-raping the downstream slope. These works require a large amount of soil for rip-raping the downstream slope. During these processes, the amount of construction machines required for transporting the filling soil is large. If rain or storm occurs, construction will have to be stopped, and landslide and erosion may happen, affecting the quality of the works, and threatening dam safety. This is a serious impact and requires proper construction methods to address. Digging intake foundation: constructing the intake will affect the irrigation regulation for the downstream area, affecting production activities of the downstream households. Channeling will be applied to ensure continuous water supply for the downstream areas. Moreover, these works will be constructed at the end of productive season and the construction period does not last long, making the impact manageable and insignificant. Material pilling: Materials will be stored at the construction sites, including concrete, sand, gravel,… The material piles will have to be covered in the rain to prevent damages and environmental pollution. In general, the materials will be piled by small amount and being used up before loading more in, so this impact is low. Constructing spillway: Spillway will be constructed in dry season when the water level in the reservoir is below normal water level, hence, constructing this work will not affect reservoir safety. • Impacts due to landslide and erosion 110 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) The construction of 12 reservoir systems only consolidates the upstream and downstream slopes of the main and saddle dams. The removal of weathered layer will be conducted on both dam slopes, in which: (i) riprapping the downstream slope will not cause reservoir landslide; (ii) removing weathered layer on upstream slope will be conducted in dry season to avoid affecting water quality in the reservoir. As a result, construction process does not have any risk of landslide and erosion to the reservoir, and this impact is insignificant. • Impacts on reservoir ecosystem Generally, the reservoir areas of this subproject have poor ecosystem. The forests surrounding these areas only contain productive acacia trees. No natural forest will be affected. The aquatic ecosystem only consists of some natural freshwater fishes. The construction activities of the head-works, such as the main dam, saddle dam and spillway, will not affect the ecosystem in the reservoir. Main dams and saddle dams will be constructed in dry season, and constructions will be carried out when the water level is lower than normal water level, and consolidation will take place from that elevation upward. In addition, construction activities on downstream slope and spillway will not affect the reservoir water level. Therefore, the reservoir ecosystem will not be affected. • Impacts on hydrology and water flows The subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement in Quang Binh province will not alter the ecosystem and hydrological regime of the reservoir since the subproject only rehabilitate and upgrade the head-works on the basis of existing construction. The construction process will not affect water level, will not change dam height, therefore, will not affect hydrological regime and water flows. In addition, the construction activities will be executed in dry season with appropriate channeling method to minimize the impacts on production of local people. Therefore, the impact on water supply is insignificant. • Work safety and accidents Work accidents may occur during the processes of construction and material transportation due to carelessness, lack of protective gears, incompliance to work safety regulations, or health problems of construction workers. These events will have severe impacts on the workers. - Work accidents: Work accidents may occur in any construction works - Fire, explosion and fuel leakage: Fire and explosion may occur during the transportation and storage of fuels, or due to unsafe electrical system, will cause injuries, deaths and damages of properties. - Welding activities: Welding activities cause intense light and can hurt worker’s eyes. In extreme cases, it may cause blindness. In addition, welding activities can also produce hazardous emissions, which can cause longterm diseases. - Drowning: During the construction phase, the works near water body contain risk of drowning. 111 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - Electrical shock: The construction activities contains risks of electrical issues affecting health of workers and local people, as well as their properties. The temporary electrical supply may create issues with electrical current, electrical shocks,… implying economic and health losses for workers. - Throughout the construction works, the construction sites locate mainly on dam top, hence the risk of falling from high places is low. Due to the amount of construction works is low, the management and monitoring of environmental safety policies will be strictly applied so the impacts from risks and accidents can be considered medium impact. • Fire risk Fire and explosion may occur in case of improper transportation and storage of fuels for construction activities, or due to accident in electrical supply system. When the air temperature is high, and the concentration of hydrocarbon in the air is dense, fire and explosion are likely to happen in the fuel storage area, severely affecting the construction workers directly working in the area, and the environment of the subproject areas. When fire and explosion are related to fuel sources, the losses of human and properties are high, threatening human lives, and producing harmful gases, such as CO, CO2,… affecting air quality. • Impacts on historical, religious monuments There is no historical, religious monument affected by the subproject. However, contractors have to pay attention to avoid any impact from construction or residence activities during the construction phase. • Impacts on grave The subproject does not affect any grave. C. Environmental and social impacts in operation phase The operation phase of the reservoirs contains the following adverse impacts: (i) Risk of drowning The reservoirs may become the place for local people to come by often, as a result, the risk of drowning always presents and requires appropriate prevention. (ii) Activities of operation officers and visitors The amount of domestic wastewater and solid wastes of the operation officers is not stable and frequent. The operation officers are mostly under multiple duties at the same time, and are local people, so the amount of wastes will be small, or none. In operation phase, for each reservoir, there are about 06 officers required, therefore, the amount of waste is about 3.0-3.6kg. Domestic wastewater per day is about 0.36m3. Overall, the amount of waste and wastewater is small and does not affect the subproject environment. In addition, in each management house, there are 3-section-water-tanks to treat the wastewater before discharging. The wastes from living activities of the operation officers will not affect the environmental quality of water and aquatic faunas. This impact is considered low as the amount of waste is small. 112 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) (iii)Repairing and maintenance works These activities may lead to temporary water cut for short durations. This will directly affect the production activities and living condition of the people living downstream. This will also indirectly reduce incomes due to disruption of production, environmental pollution and diseases due to water shortage. However, this impact is considered low as the duration for each repair or maintenance work is short (a few weeks). (iv) Impacts of flood regulation Upon completion, the spillway is designed to discharge flood at maximum capacity of Q0.01% = 143.89m3/s (Thanh Son reservoir); Q0.01% = 72.42m3/s (Vung Mo reservoir); Q0.01% = 33.19m3/s (Dap Lang reservoir); Q0.01% = 22.73m3/s (Long Dai reservoir); Q0.01% = 77.06m3/s (Dong Suon reservoir); Q0.01% = 240.85m3/s (Thach Truong reservoir); Q0.01% = 69.43m3/s (Dong Vat reservoir); Q0.01% = 39.42m3/s (Cay Bom reservoir); Q0.01% = 465m3/s (Buoi Roi reservoir). In the operation phase, if there is no gradual flood discharge plan but a sudden discharge in short time, flood will occur and threaten lives and properties of the people living downstream of the reservoirs. (v) Reservoir landslide and erosion The stabilization of reservoir water level will also lead to increase in water level of underground water system in the areas near the reservoir. This may lead to erosive process to create new border lines. Especially at the unstable places with unstable structure and high slope, the erosion process may occur stronger. Erosion will also create a large amount of sediment to the reservoir zone. Erosion will imply a loss of productive land, causing economic losses. However, the areas neighbouring the reservoirs are all currently cultivated as perennial agricultural lands. Therefore, the reservoir zones have already stabilized. Moreover, the death volume of reservoir has taken erosion effects into account, so this impact will not affect construction lifetime. This impact is assessed to be insignificant. (vi) Adjustments in aquatic ecosystems in the reservoirs; Shifts in underground water level and soil moisture in neighbouring areas; Changes in landscapes and microclimate 09 subproject reservoirs do not change water surface areas and will not affect any flora or fauna. The consolidated works will stabilize the reservoirs and increase water storage ability, hence, aquatic ecosystem in the reservoir zone will be stabilized. The reservoir operation will be more stable in operation, thus, increase the level of underground water in the subproject areas, support the water supply for wells of the local people. As a result, the subproject in operation phase will enhance water supply for the areas, and partially address the lack of water in dry season. The raised underground water level also increases soil moisture, and facilitate the growth of floras, improving the ecosystem health, and harmonizing microclimate features of the areas. (vii) Changes in socioeconomic state and soil environment of irrigated areas The rehabilitation and upgrade of 09 subproject reservoirs help the reservoirs to maximize their capabilities (providing sufficient irrigation for agricultural activities), thereby, 113 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) contribute to agricultural growth of 09 subproject communes and improve economic state of the local people. The rehabilitation and consolidation of reservoirs also create a more stable water surface for growth of aquaculture. The reservoirs in operation will ensure adequate regulation, securing a stale water source for agricultural production. Water supply and discharge will be more active; irrigation areas will be expanded; Land use efficiency will be improved, hence, increase productivity and yield. (viii) Emergency flood discharge and dam break Due to the feature of the subproject is to improve dam safety, the risk of dam break is small. Emergency flood discharge may affect the downstream communities if prior notices are not announced. Floods will cause losses of properties, deaths and may indirectly imply environmental pollution and plague. 5.4. Impact type analyses 5.4.1. Accumulative impacts The subproject includes several dams, however, the dams locate at several independent places in the province. Moreover, the scales and characteristics of the subproject are small and simple, hence, the subproject activities will not create accumulative impacts. According to results of field surveys and discussion with the stakeholders, the Province does not consecutively implement several projects in the province, hence, the accumulative impacts from other projects do not present. 5.4.2. Direct impacts The implementation of the subproject will directly affect the natural and social environment of the subproject areas. The subproject activities will cause temporary or permanent loss of productive lands. The construction activities will also produce direct impacts on the ambient environment, such as air, soil, water due to the emissions, wastes and the vegetation clearance. 5.4.3. Indirect impacts The temporary or permanent land losses will affect livelihood and incomes of the affected people, resulting in changes of occupation and risks of social conflicts. The indirect impacts are also identified in the water quality deterioration due to erosion and landfall in the vegetation clearance process and construction works. Water pollution due to wastes from construction works may result in deterioration of aquatic ecosystem, reducing biodiversity and population of the aquatic ecosystem. Alternatively, the increased tightness of soil due to heavy machines will also affect the living habitat of species in the soil. The loss of vegetation cover will also result in the loss of habitat for the animals living in the subproject areas and increase risk of landfall, erosion, and flash flood. 5.4.4. Short-term impacts Generally, most of the construction activities only cause short-term impacts, such as noise, vibration, dust, emission, wastewater and solid wastes. These impacts will vanish as soon as construction works are completed. 5.4.5. Long-term impacts The permanent loss of productive land will have long-term impacts on the affected people, when some of the households have less productive lands and may lead to change in occupation. 114 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) The environment incidents, such as spillage of oil or dangerous chemicals, will also leave permanent impacts on the environment and health of local people as these chemicals enter the water body or soil. The risk of work accident is also of concern as it causes long-term impacts on health of workers. 115 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) CHAPTER 6. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES With the purpose of improving investment efficient and secure safety of works, reduce impacts on the environment and society in the downstream areas of the reservoirs, the scenarios were proposed to select designing and construction options matching the purposes and the actual conditions at the 09 reservoir areas. Construction activities are mainly consolidation and repair works based on the existing works, therefore, the designing and technical choices are proposed with differences on environmental and social impacts. The analyzing scenarios include the no project scenario, project scenario and optimum choices of construction methods. 6.1. Without subproject The subproject includes 09 construction works, locating in 07 communes/precincts/towns of Quang Binh province. These reservoir systems have operated for over 20 years and significantly benefited socially and economically the locals. After several years of operation, the head-works have degraded, such as: - Elevation of dam top does not meet flood prevention requirement, the quality of dam body is below standard, the penetration constant is high. - Upstream slope of the main dam: degraded; Some sections are sunk, making the surface uneven; downstream slope of the main dam: the grass protection layer and water discharge channels are degraded and damaged; - Spillway: channelling walls have broken, some sections of the concrete water slop are peeled; the valve doors are damaged; - Intakes are leaked; the operating equipment is degraded, making operation activities unsafe and difficult. This is the main reason that the intakes cannot provide the designed water volumes and unable to supply water for irrigation areas. The concrete layer on intake body is peeled and calcified so some intakes needed to be reconstructed; - No monitoring system for effective hazard warnings; Management roads for evacuation are rural road, can only facilitate primary vehicles. - No management bridge, hindering the management and operation of reservoirs. - The current conditions of the reservoirs hinder the development plan to increase productivity, economic efficiency in agriculture; The reservoirs do not provide stable irrigation for agricultural development of the downstream areas; The economic values of the lands are not fully exploited. - Without this subproject, the ecosystem near the reservoirs remains stable, however, due to the deterioration of the reservoirs, the risk of dam break increases and threatens lives and properties of the local ecosystems, especially in the downstream areas. - In the recent years, due to the sudden changes in the weather and the increased frequency and intensity of storms, the small reservoirs are at risk. An integrated construction solution is necessary to secure the lives and properties of people living downstream, and to support the economic development of the local. 116 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Therefore, the rehabilitation and upgrade of the proposed construction works are the minimized intervention to restore dam functions, and to timely respond to current flood trend. The proposed works are minimized to necessary items only so the environmental and social impacts are also minimized. The impacts are all temporary and only occur in construction phase. This alternative scenario does not involve any rehabilitation or upgrade of reservoir works. This will surrender the benefits of rehabilitation and upgrade activities, including safety and life improvement of 13,032 households would be affected directly or indirectly, equivalent to 47,729 people. Without the rehabilitation and upgrade of the spillway, dam bodies, canals,… flood water may overflow the dam, which will deteriorate dam quality and structure, resulting in dam break or degradation of reservoir storage and supply capacity. The maintenance of dam functions is highly necessary for economic development of the neighbouring communities. Dam break will result in disastrous consequences. In addition, the dam maintenance is also necessary for protecting and reserving the aquatic ecosystem in the reservoirs and nearby areas. â?– Reservoir zone dredging These reservoirs have been constructed and exploited for long period (over 20 years). Overtime, the settlement layer in the reservoir zone has been accumulated and interfered with water storage capacity of the reservoir. In public consultations, majority of the local authorities and communities requested to dredge the reservoir zones. However, due to the project policies and scopes, the subproject only focuses on dam safety, the dredging of reservoir zone will be arranged by the local people in following stages. â?– Using other water source(s) Another alternative is to use other water sources. However, specific calculations on costs and feasibilities show that the subproject area has limited water sources to the irrigated areas, and if there is any, the distance to the irrigated areas is far and cost of water channelling is high. As a result, the use of alternative water source for the subproject reservoirs is not feasible. â?– Maintaining current conditions and relocating, evacuating in case of emergency Dam breaks can be prevented if the management units closely monitor the threats to these dams and reservoirs. By proper and frequent observation, monitoring and survey, early potential threats can be detected and corresponding measures can be applied timely. In addition, in case of incidents with the dams or other works in the reservoir systems, depending on the levels and timing, evacuation and responses can be applied. The timely responses will not only manage the development of threats, but also prevent dam breaks, maintain construction safety and protect the downstream areas. In unavoidable case when the subproject is not implemented, dam breaks will imply waves of floods flowing to swales in the downstream areas. The consequences on human life and infrastructures depend on timing and landscape, dam break points and topographic features of the downstream areas. Therefore, the plans for human and asset evacuation have to be prepared in advance and to be conducted timely to minimise losses. This is the last solution in no subproject scenario. This option is passive and has low feasibility. 117 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) As a result, the investment in rehabilitation and upgrade of the headworks of these 12 reservoirs aim to address the damages and degradations of the construction, to upgrade prioritized dams, to improve capacities in dam management and operation to protect the people and infrastructures in the downstream areas, and to maximize construction efficiency. 6.2. With subproject The 09 subproject areas are the important water resources works in prevention flood and providing irrigation for 767.1 ha productive land of 07 communes in 04 districts of Quang Binh province (Including: Thanh Son - Thai Thuy commune: 240.6ha, Vung Mo - Thai Thuy commune: 55ha, Dap Lang - My Thuy commune: 130ha, Long Dai - Hien Ninh commune: 50ha, Dong Suon - Hung Trach commune: 78ha, Thach Truong - Quang Lien commune: 64ha, Dong Vat - Quang Phuong commune; 30ha, Cay Bom - Quang Hop commune: 32,5ha, Buoi Roi - Quang Hop commune: 87ha). These reservoirs significantly contribute to improvement of living conditions of the local people, create stable base for irrigated areas, stabilize the lives of local people. The subproject upon completion will bring several benefits to the local people and government. The rehabilitation and reconsolidation of dams will ensure safety during storm season, reduce water losses to ensure water supply for the downstream areas as regulated by the local government, increase productivity and yield of agricultural production, increase number of productive seasons and develop aquaculture. The completed construction will secure stable irrigation for 767.1ha productive lands in the downstream areas of 07 communes, enable active production, changes of species to increase economic values for the existing land. The reservoirs will also provide water for aquaculture and reduce adverse impacts on the environment, landscape of the reservoir zones and the downstream areas. After completion, the reservoirs with capacity of nearly 12 million cubic meter will facilitate aquaculture. The stabilization of water surface will enable production and trade, increase incomes and living conditions of the local people. More job opportunities will also be created for the local people, especially the unskilled and seasonal labors. The constructions to rehabilitate and upgrade the reservoirs will have some adverse impacts on the environment and society as presented in the previous chapters, however, with the short construction phase, small work scale, and the limited construction sites, the activity scale is small, the overall impacts are only short-term, local, and can be mitigated with appropriate measures. Comparing the environment and socioeconomic efficiency of the subproject to the adverse impacts of the construction phase, the subproject scenario can be considered as acceptable. Upon completion, the reservoirs will bring several benefits to the local areas regarding improvement of microclimatic features, stabilization of water surfaces in the reservoir zones, increase of humidity in dry season. During operation phase, the subproject will stabilize water supply, secure the work safety for the downstream areas. The 09 reservoirs are currently exploited and used with some degraded spillways and intakes and no management roads. As proposed by the designing consulting, in order to secure construction safety, the dam body and discharging outlets have to be consolidated, replaced and concretized to ensure adequate water storage, prevent water losses and facilitate the operation 118 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) activities. The subproject also facilitates the flora ecosystem near the reservoirs, creates green landscape and improves traffic systems, which thereby opens up opportunities for tourism development. Upon completion of the subproject, the 09 reservoirs will have better water storage ability, so that the ecosystems in and near the reservoirs will be protected and facilitated. In the long- term, the ecosystems will be changed positively, increase both population and biodiversity of the subproject areas. Construction alternatives In addition to comparing the pros and cons of the scenarios implementing or not implementing the subproject, the construction methods are also put into consideration in bidding documents so that the environmental and social impacts of the subproject are minimized. The selected construction solutions include: - Excavation works: use 1-bucket-excavator, chained-wheel-excavator capacity 1.25m3, leveller 180CV, automated leveller 110CV,… meeting EURO3 standard in construction works to minimize the amount of emission, noise, vibration, and dust. - Material transportation and soil disposal: use 5-7 ton trucks to transport the materials and wasted soil to reduce noise and dust, and to reduce risks of road accident and damages on local infrastructure. - Dam construction works are in compliance to standards in TCVN 8297:2009 “Hydraulics structurers – Earth dam: Technical requirements for construction by compaction methodâ€?, using the automated leveller, compressor, vibrator, steel-wheel- compressor with appropriate capacity to minimize impacts on dam structure and local infrastructure. - Concrete works: Mixing concrete using 250L-concrete-mixer, pouring concrete manually; - Upstream face paving: use the concrete panel made on-site to reduce the amount of transportation vehicles, and reduce risk of road accidents; - Planting grass on downstream face: Selecting the grass breed with suitable characteristics: strong root, fast growth rate, high endurance to protect the downstream face. The location, size of grass panels as designed will also support the local native ecosystem to quickly recover, adding protection to the dam face in the post-construction phase. - Paving works: mostly conducted manually to reduce the impacts of construction machines to the ambient environment, and match the construction features of the construction sites. - Moulding works: manually filling the moulds at available space near the construction sites; most of the moulds can be steel moulds so that the installing and disassembling are safe and economic. - Steel reinforcing works: The steel cores are pilled and processing at the storage and transported to the works. On site, the material processing only involves small steel works and other supporting works so that the working time, costs and environment impacts can be optimized. - Other works: Mostly conducted manually to reduce the impacts of transporting machines into the sites and suitable for construction conditions at each reservoir. 119 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) CHAPTER 7. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN (ESMP) 7.1. Objectives - Comply with the WB’s safeguard policies, national and provincial applicable regulations, standards and guides; - Ensure that sufficient resources are allocated to implement activities related to ESMP implementation. - Ensure that environmental and social risks of the subproject are forecasted and managed appropriately. - Ensure specific and feasible emergency response plans in place for environmental issues. - Create an effective feedback mechanism for continuous improvement of environmental protection activities. - Set out the mitigation measures, monitoring measures and institutional arrangement for the whole construction and operation processes of the subproject to avoid and control the adverse impacts on the environment and society, and the corresponding mitigation measures required. ESMP creates helpful kinks between mitigation measures and ensures that the required measures are applied. - Outline the implementation responsibilities, monitoring and costs for implementation of the proposed measures. 7.2. Mitigation measures 7.2.1. Mitigation measures in the preparation phase The main issues in this phase is compensation, assistance and resettlement, and UXO clearance. i. Measures to mitigate impacts of land acquisition Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, PPMU cooperated with consultant unit to prepare Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) to estimate the loss of acquiring 23.2ha of land, in which, acquiring 5.486 ha household lands of 16 HH in 09 reservoirs in 07 communes. RAP identifies the specific losses of 59 affected households and prepares compensation and assistance plans pursuant to regulations of the Government of Vietnam and World Bank. After being approved by WB, People’s Committee of Quang Binh province will examine and approve the report. Based on the approved RAP, People’s Committees of the districts and communes will establish the land clearance unit to conduct intervention of loss for each household, thereby, establish the compensation plans. All the information and data will be disclosed at the People’s Committee Office of the subproject communes. Investment owner will receive the feedbacks from the communities and affected people to update the compensation prices (apply replacement cost) and pay the final compensation. The details on resettlement plan are included in the RAP of the subproject. â?– Information disclosure 120 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) During the preparation phase, Investment owner will disclose project information to the local communities so that the local government and residents will understand the project and the necessary of the project works, including the following issues: - Project objectives and works involved; The areas to be acquired; - Information on land clearance, compensation and assistance plan for the residents in the subproject communes, via local media, information centers. In addition, the investment owner will also cooperate with consultant unit to hold public meetings and directly consult the local government and residents in the subproject areas to receive their feedbacks, comments, and expectations. - The detailed compensation plan will be prepared and disclosed to all affected households, including the total acquired areas, affected assets, compensation prices, and the total amount of compensation for each household. The announcements of compensation plans will be disclosed publicly in mass medias and local medias, as well as distributed as specific announcement to each household. PPMU in cooperation with land clearance committees and CPC of the subproject communes will regularly present and readily receive and redress all grievance from the local people throughout the information disclosure process until the completion of compensation payment, and during the subproject execution in order to satisfy the needs and requirements of the local people, aiming to help them stabilise their lives. â?– Compensation payment In order to reduce the impacts of land acquisition and land use changes, Investment owner and the government of 07 communes will conduct the compensation works pursuant to regulations of the subproject framework and of the Government of Vietnam, including: - Decree number 47/2014/ND-CP, dated 15/05/2014 about regulations on compensation, assistance and resettlement when the Government acquires land; - Circular 36/2014/TT-BTNMT dated 30/6/2014 by Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment regulating details on methods to determine land prices; Preparing and adjusting land price table; Determining specific land prices and consultation on determining land prices; - Circular 37/2014/TT-BTNMT dated 30/6/2014 by Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment about regulations on compensation, assistance and resettlement when the Government acquires land; - Decision number 52/2012/QD-TTg dated 16/11/2012 by the Prime Minister about job support policy and vocational training for farmers having land acquired by the Government; - Decision number 22/2014/QD-CPC dated 09/09/2014 by Quang Binh PPC about compensation, assistance and resettlement policies when the Government acquires land in Quang Binh province. - Decision number 35/2015/QD-CPC dated 27/10/2015 by Quang Binh PPC on amendments to some articles of compensation, assistance and resettlement policies 121 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) when the Government acquires land in Quang Binh province as stated in Decision number 22/2014/QD-CPC dated 09/09/2014 by Quang Binh PPC. - Decision number 36/2014/QD-CPC dated 22/12/2014 by Quang Binh PPC on price table of lands and category of cities, communes, areas, locations of land in Quang Binh province 2015-2019; - Decision number 37/2014/QD-CPC dated 31/12/2014 by CPC Quang Binh PPC on price table of houses, structures to compensate when the Government acquires land in Quang Binh province. - Decision number 08/2015/QD-CPC dated 10/02/2015 by CPC Quang Binh PPC on price table for trees, aquacultural products, graves, and assistance for relocation to compensate when the Government acquires land in Quang Binh province. - Decision number 04/2018/QD-CPC dated 02/02/2018 by Quang Binh PPC on adjustment rate for land price in 2018 in Quang Binh province. Table 7.1 Cost estimation for compensation, assistance and resettlement Number of Type of cost HH Cost (VND) USD* Compensation 346,096,000 15,223 Compensation for permanent acquisition of land 16 49,463,000 2,174.87 Compensation for disruptive production (temporary land acquisition) 2 3,874,000 170.34 Compensation for trees and crops 59 292,759,000 12,872.49 Allowances 848,944,000 37,328 Allowance for acquisition of public land 06 CPC 376,561,000 16,557.23 Allowance for job changing 16 247,315,000 10,874.33 Incentive bonus 59 14,638,000 643.63 Allowance for livelihood restoration (tuition for training course, food and transportation allowance, agricultural training programs,…) 16 210,430,000 9,252.52 Total compensation and allowances 1,195,040,000 52,550 Implementation cost (2%) 23,901,000 1,051 Total 1,218,941,000 53,601 * Exchange rate 1 USD = 22,746 VND – Rate by Vietnam State Bank on 23/11/2018 Source: Resettlement Action Plan of the subproject In addition to the compensation amount, PPMU will cooperated with the government of all level to facilitate the affected households so that they can have adequate access to social policies, job opportunities, gender equality, healthcare, education… and have a better living standards than pre-project state. Concurrently, PPMU will prepare plans to minimize the potential adverse impacts on the local communities. c) Measures to mitigate impacts of UXO clearance activities 122 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) The investment owner will sign contract with the competent unit, which is Quang Binh province Military Leader Department, to conduct UXO clearance in the subproject areas; cooperated with local government. In order to reduce losses due to explosions, UXO clearance will be conducted pursuant to the following regulations and mitigation measures: - Decision number 96/2006/QD-TTg dated 04/05/2006 by the Prime Minister about management and execution of unexploded ordinances clearance; - The UXO clearance are included in the land clearance plan and the preparation works before levelling the area; - Conducting surveys to prepare plans for UXO finding an clearance procedures; Preparing the implementation plan; All the UXO clearance processes have to pursuant to the safety procedures. - Establishing safety corridors around the clearance areas to ensure safety of local people pursuant to QCVN 01:2012/BQP – National Technical Regulation on UXO clearance and QCVN 02:2008/BCT – National Technical Regulation on transportation, storage, usage and destroy of industrial explosive ordnances. - All UXO clearance activities have to be included in the land clearance plan, and are fully executed in prior to land levelling; 7.2.2. Mitigation measures for the construction phase a) Mitigation measures for impacts related to construction works Mitigation measures have been developed based on WBG EHS Guidelines and National Regulations and Standards to address the generic construction-related impacts, and presented in the form of Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOP). The ECOP describes typical requirements to be undertaken by Contractors and supervised by the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) during construction. The ECOP addresses the followings which would connect with ESHS issues: (i) Dust and emissions; (ii) Vibration and noise; (iii) Waste management; (iv) Material and chemical management; (v) Worker camp management; (vi) Biological impact; (vii) Erosion; (viii) Settlement and water discharge; (ix) Storage and mine management; (x) Traffic safety; (xi) Interrupt of infrastructure services; (xii) Chance find; (xiii) Employment management; (xiv) Health and occupation safety; (xv) Public health and safety; (xvi) Public relations. 123 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Table 7-2 Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOP) for Addressing Generic Construction-Related Impacts Environmental and Responsible Mitigation measures Applicable regulations social issues Implementation Monitoring 1) Dust and emissions - The Contractor is responsible for compliance with relevant TCVN 6438-2005: Road Contractors PPMU, CSC Vietnamese legislation with respect to ambient air quality. vehicles - Maximum - Minimize production of dust and particulate materials at all permitted emission limits of times, to avoid impacts on surrounding communities, and exhaust gas especially to vulnerable people (children, elderly people). Decision No. 35/2005/QD- - The contractor has to apply mitigation measures to reduce BGTVT on inspection of dust (for example: use watering truck to water the road quality, technical safety and surface, cover the material vehicles,…) environmental protection - Construction materials such as concrete, sand, gravel,… QCVN 05:2013/MONRE: have to be covered appropriately and prevent material National technical regulation dropping during transportation. on ambient air quality - The excavated soil and material pilings have to be protected QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT: against wind and location of material storage has to be Ambient air – Hazardous checked for dominant wind direction and location of substances limits sensitive sources. WBG EHS Guidelines - Use dust mask when the dust concentration is too high. - All the vehicles have to comply with regulations of GoV regarding emission levels. - All the vehicles have to go through inspection on emission and have certification of quality, technical safety and environmental protection as required by Decision 35/2005/QD-BGTVT 2) Noise and vibration - All contractors shall abide by the laws and regulations of - QCVN Contractors PPMU, CSC impacts Vietnam related to noise and vibration impacts 26:2010/BTNMT: National technical regulation on noise 124 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Environmental and Responsible Mitigation measures Applicable regulations social issues Implementation Monitoring - All the vehicles have to have certification of quality, - QCVN technical safety and environmental protection as 27:2010/BTNMT: required by Decision 35/2005/QD-BGTVT; Reduce National technical noise level that exceed approved limit from regulation on unmaintained machines. vibration - Other measures to reduce noise to acceptable levels shall - WBG EHS be implemented, including: Guidelines + Select the low noise machines; + Equip noise reduction for fans + Equip noise reduction for pressing and releasing motors; + Install noise insulation for noisy machines; + Install noise fence at surface density of at leas 10kg/m2 to reduce noise spread; + Noise fences have to be placed near the noise source or noise spread to ensure efficiency; + Install anti-vibration for machines; + Limit operation time for certain machines and activities, especially the mobile sources near residential areas; + Move the noise sources to suitable places maximize efficiency of distance and fences; + Install fixed machines at location as far away from the residential area as possible + Utilize natural setting in the designing process to reduce noise + Limit the use of transportation vehicles in residential areas + Establish mechanism for receiving and responding to feedbacks. 125 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 3) Waste management I. General wastes - QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: Contractors PPMU, CSC (a) Wastewater National technical - The contractors have to take responsibility in pursuant to regulation on domestic regulations of the GOV regarding wastewater discharge wastewater into the ambient environment - TCVN 6696:2009: solid - Prioritize employment of local labor to reduce the amount waste – hygienic coverage of domestic wastewater. – General requirements on - Wastewater treatment system has to be provided to treat environmental protection wastewater in places without wastewater collecting system. - Decree number The wastewater treatment system should only be used to 59/2007/ND-CP Solid treat domestic water. The type and method of water waste management; treatment have to be selected considering: - Decree number • Design and install at locations suitable for the local and 38/2015/ND-CP Solid provide guides to prevent any risk to community health or waste and waste pollution to soil, surface water and underground water management • Maintain the facilities effectively - Circular number • Install at area with suitable soil type for the designed 36/2015/TT-BTNMT on wastewater rate Hazardous waste • Install at stable places, fair water discharge and absorbing management ability, with proper distance to inlets and underground water - WBG EHS Guidelines sources or other receiving body - Wastewater from cleaning vehicles and construction machines have to be collected into detention pond before discharging into water discharge system. - When completing construction works, wastewater tank and self compost tank have to be treated properly or sealed. (b) Runoff water - Storm water has to be separated from treatment process to reduce amount of wastewater for treatment - Block the surface flows from areas with potential pollution - In case that solution is not feasible, the polluted wastewater 126 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) from treatment area has to be separated from the flow with lower pollution risk. - Redice flow from areas with low potential pollution (for example reduce the non-absorbent area) and reduce discharge (by using ponds). - In case requiring treatment, rainwater has to be managed as a resources, or for underground water recharge or to provide for water demand of the site. - Install and maintain the oil separators and oil traps at fuel stations, car park, fuel storage, and storages. - Mud from rainwater tank or collecting system that may contain high concentrations of pollutants has to be treated appropriate to local regulations, if not treated, other measures to protect health and safety of the community have to be applied to maintain and sustainably protect water and land resources. (c) Solid wastes - Before construction, contractors have to prepare procedure for management of solid waste (storage, bins, cleaning schedule) and has to pay attention to this issue throughout the construction. - Before construction, all permits regarding waste discharge have to be obtained. - Apply measures to mitigate the risk of generating wastes and carelessness during disposal. At all working sites, contractors have to provide waste bins and waste collection. - Solid wastes to be stored temporarily on site have to be at designated places as approved by CSC and local government before being collected and disposed by competent agencies. - Waste packages have to be protective, anti-corrosive. 127 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - Prevent fire at disposal sites. - Recyclable materials such as woods, steels, frames, packaging,… will be collected and separated from other wastes to be reused or sold. - Solid wastes or construction wastes will only be treated at designated places that are approved by CSC and included in solid waste plan. In any case, contractors will not treat any materials in the sensitive areas, such as natural habitats or near water sources. II. Hazardous waste (a) Hazardous waste storage Hazardous wastes have to be stored to prevent or control the unintentional release into air, soil and water bodies: - Wastes have to be stored to prevent mixing or contact between incompatible substances and allow inspection between storages to monitor leaks or spills, such as creating spaces or separators in between. - Store in tight containers; Avoid direct sunlight, wind and rain; - Store on a waterproof surface that can be cleaned easily, and packed suitable for leaks and spills. The storage area has to be covered to prevent accumulation of rainwater. - The secondary protective system has to be construct using suitable materials for storing wastes and prevent leaking to the ambient environment. - Secondary storage has to be placed at any liquid storage with volume of over 220l. The amount of secondary separators has to be at least equivalent to 110% of the largest storage, or 25% of total storing volume (depending on which figure is higher). - Provide adequate air circulation in storage of flammable substances. (b) Delivery and handle of hazardous waste 128 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Environmental and Responsible Mitigation measures Applicable regulations social issues Implementation Monitoring - Transportation of hazardous waste in and out of construction sites have to be conducted to prevent and reduce risks of spilling, releases or impacts on workers and community nearby. - All the waste storages to be delivered on site have to be protected and labelled with suitable information, arranged on suitable vehicles before leaving the sites, and attached with transportation documents containing weight and related risks. (c) Burial of hazardous waste - Chemical wastes under any form have to be treated at burial site as approved and suitable to local regulations. Contractors have to have necessary licenses for treatment. - The elimination of hazardous wastes has to be executed and treated by trained staffs with suitable certifications. - The use of oil, lubricants, cleaning agents,… from maintenance of vehicles and machines has to be collected into storage tanks and transported to licensed hazardous waste site. - Products of asphalt or bitumen unused or rejected will be returned to the producers or suppliers. Erosion and - Reduce construction works in rainy days WBG EHS Guidelines Contractors PPMU, CSC Sedimentation - Use geotechnical cloth to temporarily cover the area at erosion risk - Cover a soil layer on top of the surface to help the soil absorb water gradually - Construct walls surrounding the eroded area to prevent flows - Stabilize the easily eroded surface by planting or concretization. 129 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Environmental and Responsible Mitigation measures Applicable regulations social issues Implementation Monitoring 5) Water discharge - Contractor has to comply with the design of wastewater system - TCVN 4447:1987: Contractors PPMU, CSC and sediment in the construction plan to prevent overflow or erosion of hill Construction management sides and unprotected areas due to rain and flood, leading to standards and industrial wastes affecting water sources handover - Ensure that the wastewater system does not contain muds and - Circular number other hinderances. 22/2010/TT-BXD by - Maintain the areas without construction works Ministry of - Conduct soil works in compliance with construction standards, Construction on work including installing wastewater system and tree planting. safety on - Avoid the settlement of waste affecting water bodies; Install construction sites sediment management system to slow down or redirect the - QCVN 08- waste and sediment until finish planting. MT:2015/BTNMT – - Water discharge and channeling: In case of construction in national technical water body, that area has to be drained, ensure dry condition regulations on quality for construction. Water after detention will be pumped into of surface water sediment control system for treatment before discharging - Execute mitigation measures for each construction sites in compliance with ESMP when altering the flows or constructing temporary dyke. 130 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 6) Chemical and - The use of hazardous materials and chemicals in the project - Decree number Contractors PPMU, CSC material management have to comply with producers’ guides. 38/2015/ND-CP on - Use the chemicals in the approved list of authorized authorities; waste management - The staffs in direct contact with hazardous materials and - Decision chemicals have to be trained on risk prevention for contacting 23/2006/QD- hazardous substances BTNMT: list of - The staffs in regular contact with hazardous substances have to hazardous waste receive periodical health check (no less than every 6 months) - Circular 36/2015/TT- and a suitable break schedule. BTNMT on Transportation of hazardous substances and chemicals management of - Use specialized equipment for materials in the tank and hazardous waste maintain the procedure to prevent the adding of hazardous - Circular 03/2016/TT- substance. BNNPTNT on list of - Use transferring equipment suitable for the delivery and pesticides allowed in designed for safe delivery Vietnam - Regularly check, maintain and repair the equipment, pipes and - Circular 21/2015/TT- pipe connectors. BNNPTNT on - Provide secondary prevention, dripping and other methods to management of prevent spillage or leaking for each hazardous container at pesticides connectors or other potential spilling areas. - QCVN Overload control 07:2009/BTNMT: - Prepare documents for transportation activities, including a National technical checklist for necessary measures during the loading and use regulation on only trained personnel to conduct this process category of hazardous wastes - Install measuring equipment for tanks to measure the content - WBG EHS - Use dripping equipment for tank trucks and fixed connectors Guidelines to tanks - Provide auto seal valves on tanks to prevent overload - Install water tank souring the spilling pipes to collect spillages - Use pipe connectors to automatic overload valve - Pump less than the allowed volume by ordering less than the 131 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) capacity of tank - In case of overload or over pressured, reduction control will be applied. Responses and prevention of fire - Storing incompatible chemicals at separated areas, away from material storing area - Provide specific material storage for dangerous or highly reactive substances - Use equipment to prevent fire on air circulating system from flammable tank - Install anti-lighting for storage tanks, in transit stations and other equipment handling flammable substances - Use construction materials compatible with the storing substances for each component of storage system. Avoid reuse of container without checking for compatibility. - Store hazardous substance in the areas isolated from the main construction. If cannot avoid close vicinity, physical barriers have to be installed to prevent fire, explosion, spillages and other emergencies. - Prevent all open fire in the areas near storage of flammable substances. Secondary storage (for liquid) - Transfer hazardous liquid from vehicles to store in areas with absorbent surfaces to avoid environmental impacts and downward flows to the collection system or storage places without connection to collection system of wastewater and rainwater. - If cannot provide a permanent stopper structure for transferring activities, one or more prevention solutions for spillage have to be applied, such as mobile cover (to be applied throughout the operation phase), pressure-relieving valve on water tanks, or 132 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) close the valves of water discharge or canals, combined with oil-water separating machines. - Store the hazardous substances by tanks with total volume of larger than 1000L on water-proofing surfaces with capacity of at least 25% of total storage. - Provide capacity for secondary stopper for components in the storage system (tanks and pipes) when applicable. - Conduct periodical inspection on the tank truck (daily or weekly) and inspect the visible parts of the vehicles and pipes to avoid leaks. - Use the storage system and double-layered pipes made of composite or specialized materials, especially for the underground storage tanks and underground pipes. If double- layered walls are in use, a detection device for leaks has to be installed between wall layers. Training – Staffs have to receive training regarding hazardous waste management. The training program has to include: - List of staffs to be trained - Specific training objectives - Training procedure to achieve the objectives (workshop, video,…) - Instruments to assess the efficiency of training - Training procedures for new-recruit and other new course for existing staffs. Community participation and awareness - Provide general information for the potentially affected communities regarding project impact scope and activities, mitigation measures and on-site control measures to ensure that there is no health impact on the community - Potential impacts on community health or the environment due to accidents or due to the hazardous wastes on site 133 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Environmental and Responsible Mitigation measures Applicable regulations social issues Implementation Monitoring - Provide information specifically and timely on the activities and safeguard measures in place when accident occurs, including drilling in high-risk locations. - Provide accessibility to necessary information to understand the nature of impacts when accident occurs and opportunity to effectively contribute to related decisions and emergency plan for the community - DONRE and Department of Health will be notified timely in case of any environmental issue. - Prepare and execute measures to address the results of oil spillage accident. In this case, contractor has to provide a report containing explanation for the incidents, recovery measures, damages of the spillage, and corrective actions. 134 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Environmental and Responsible Mitigation measures Applicable regulations social issues Implementation Monitoring 7) Biological impacts - The contractor has to prepare Land Clearance Management - Biodiversity Law number Contractors PPMU, CSC Plan, Vegetation Recovery Plan as regulated by applicable 20/2008/QH12 policies and submit to construction engineer for approval in - Decree number advance. The Land clearance management plan has to be 65/2010/ND-CP – approved by construction engineer and the contractor has to guidance on biodiversity fully comply to this plan. Limit the clearance area to as small law as possible. - Land clearance activities in forest area has to be allowed by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development - Contractor has to clear the surface soil layer of areas where the recovery will be affected, including temporary activities, such as storage and piling. The excavated surface soil will be stored at the designated places as approved by CSC to use for reconstruction of vegetation cover afterward. - Prohibit the use of chemical in vegetation clearance - Prohibit all tree cutting except included in the land clearance plan - Setup temporary fences to protect the trees that are kept standing if necessary before conducting construction activities on that spot. - Do not violate any important ecological resources site unless permitted by CSC. CSC has to consult PPMU, IEMC and other related authorities. The protected areas include reservations of birds, animals, fish farms, or other protected green spaces. - Contractor has to ensure that there will be no hunting, trapping, poisoning of animals. 135 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - 8) Traffic safety - Contractor has to follow regulations of Law on road - Law on road Contractors PPMU, CSC transportation number 23/2008/QH12 transportation number - Apply the best traffic safety measures on all subproject 23/2008/QH12; activities aspects with the purposes of prevent road accidents - Decree number and reduce the impacts on project workers and the 46:2016/ND-CP about communities. The measures should include: administrative penalties • Emphasize on safety aspects between drivers for violations of • Improve driving skills and require driving license transportation law • Apply limits on travelling time and arrange control panel to - Construction law avoid overloading number 50/2014/QH13 • Avoid the dangerous paths and rush hours to reduce risk of - Circular number accidents 22:2010/TT-BXD • Use speed control devices on trucks and remote monitoring regulating occupational of driver’s activities safety rules - Regularly maintain the vehicles and use only the producer’s - WBG EHS Guidelines approved spare parts to reduce risk of accidents due to faulty in machines or early degrade. - Reduce interaction between pedestrians and construction vehicles. - Cooperate with local people and authorized agencies to improve signs, visibility and overall safety of roads, especially the roads near schools or other places with children presence. Cooperate with local community to provide education on road transportation and safety for pedestrians (for example school education campaign) - Cooperate with emergency responding agencies to ensure that proper first aids will be provided in case of accidents - Use local materials whenever possible to minimize transportation distance. Locate the linked units, such as work camps in the subproject areas and arrange transportation of workers by bus to reduce outside traffic 136 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Environmental and Responsible Mitigation measures Applicable regulations social issues Implementation Monitoring - Use road safety control measures, including signs and flags for danger warning. - 9) Disruption of public - The disruption of providing water, gas, electricity, internet with - Decree number Contractors PPMU, CSC services and without plans: the contractor has to consult the local people 167/2013/ND-CP in advance and prepare a back-up plan for results of service regulating financial disruption. penalties on social security, - Cooperate with related suppliers to plan appropriate social hazard prevention. construction schedule - Provide information for the affected households regarding the working plan and the disruption of services (at least 5 days in prior) - Contractor has to secure alternative water supply for the affected households if the disruption is longer than one day - Any loss or damage to the cable system will be reported to local government and to be repaired as soon as possible. - 10) Work camp - The temporary work camps have to be constructed within - Labor law 10/2012/QH13 Contractors PPMU, CSC management subproject areas. The locations of work camps have to be - WBG EHS Guidelines approved by the local governments. - These work camps have to be at fair distance from stockpiles, disposal and discharge areas, sensitive locations such as schools, hospitals, churches, temples,… and dangerous areas, such as landslide or erosion spots. - Work camps have to have appropriate standards regarding air ventilation, sunlight, clean water supply, rubbish collection, toilets, fire extinguishers, first aid kits, and other supplies for health care. 137 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Environmental and Responsible Mitigation measures Applicable regulations social issues Implementation Monitoring - 11) Managing social - The Contractor shall, wherever possible, locally recruit the - Decree number Contractors PPMU, CSC impacts by the available workforce for simple works and to reduce the amount 167/2013/ND-CP workforce of workers on site regulating financial - Explain to the workers about the local norms to avoid conflicts penalties on social security, with local people social hazard prevention. - Subproject owner and contractor have to cooperate with local - WBG EHS Guidelines authorities to avoid and prevent social evils - Promote campaigns on social evil elimination - Contact local groups to manage efficiency and establish a reliable GRM for the local people - Workers living temporarily in work camps or rented houses have to be registered for temporary residences with the local government - Prohibit the following activities: • Use of alcohols during construction phase • Conflicts and fighting • Gambling, use of illegal drugs, prostitution • Careless disposal of wastes 138 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - 12) Chance find In the event of finding of properties of cultural value during - Supplemented law to Contractors PPMU, CSC construction, the following procedures for identification, protection Heritage law number from theft, and treatment of discovered artifacts should be followed 28/2001/QH10 and included in standard bidding document.: - Supplemented Heritage - Immediately stop the construction activities in the area of the law umber 32/2009/QH12 chance find. - Decree number - Delineate the discovered site or area. 98/2010/ND-CP on - Secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects. supplementation on - Notify the supervisory Engineer who in turn will notify the Heritage Law responsible local authorities. - Responsible local authorities and the relevant Ministry would be in charge of protecting and preserving the site before deciding on subsequent appropriate procedures. - Decisions on how to handle the finding shall be taken by the responsible authorities and the relevant Ministry. This could include changes in the layout (such as when finding an irremovable remain of cultural or archeological importance), conservation, restoration and salvage - Implementation of the authority decision concerning the management of the finding shall be communicated in writing by the relevant Ministry of Cultural, Sport and tourist. - Construction work could resume only after permission is given from the responsible local authorities and the relevant Ministry concerning safeguard of the heritage. - The World Bank needs to be notified by CPMU on the issues and actions taken. - These procedures must be referred to as standard provisions in construction contracts. During project supervision, the Site Engineer shall monitor the above regulations relating to the treatment of any chance find encountered. - Relevant findings will be recorded in World Bank Supervision Reports and the overal effectiveness of the project‘s cultural property mitigation, management, and activities will be assessedl. 139 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - 13) Occupational Overwork - Ordinance number Contractors PPMU, CSC safety and health - Provide trainings on lifting skills and handle of materials in 02/2008 / CT-BXD on construction activities and end of shift, including setting occupational safety in limits on weight to require mechanical or two people construction supports - Circular number 22/2010 - Plan the construction arrangement to reduce manual / TT-BXD on transportation of heavy units occupational safety in - Select the instruments and design the working places to construction reduce requirements on holding force and period; Promote - QCVN 18: 2014 / BXD: improved posture, including working station with features Technical regulations on for user adjustment occupational safety in - Apply administrative control in working procedure, construction including routine of work and break or rest. - WBG EHS Guidelines Slip and fall - Apply good hygiene practices, such as arrange separated construction materials or demolished pieces at designed places away from pedestrian ways - Regularly clean the wastes and spillage of liquids - Locate and mark the electrical wire and connectors in common area and corridors - Use slip-proof shoes Working on high grounds - Train and use of temporary fall prevention measures, such as rails or fences that can support weight of up to 200 pounds when working at height of 2m or higher or any other height with risk of falling into operating machines, water or other liquids, hazardous substances, or working on unguard open working space - Train and use personal fall prevention measures, such as safety belt and energy absorbing belts that can support up to 2,268 kg (as described in this section of working on high ground), as well as procedure to rescue the fallen people to prevent falling. The connector of anti-fall system should be able to support the weight of 2,268 kg. 140 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - Use control points and safety monitoring system to warn workers on dangerous spots; Label, mark the gaps on the floor, roof or other walking surfaces. Collision - Use the dropping or discharging areas as designed and limited, and/or water panel for safe delivery of waste from high places downward - Cut, grind, chop, carve,… activities have to be conducted with proper protection and measures to keep materials in place - Maintain clear movement method to avoid moving heavy equipment crossing loose materials - Use protective measures in case of person or materials falling from high places using working frames and sides of high working surface, such as hand rail and panels to prevent material splinting - Equip suitable personal protective gears, such as safety glasses with side guards, masks, hard hat, and safety shoes. Moving machines - Plan and separate the transportation places, machine operating area, and walking areas, and control vehicle traffic on one way roads; Setup speed limit, and equip high visibility coats or specialized clothes for traffic controllers. - Ensure visibility via using easily recognizable coats during working process or walking through operating areas and train workers to have eye contact with operators of machines before getting on vehicles - Make sure that all moving vehicles have warning systems - Use lifting equipment that are checked and maintained properly, suitable for lifting capacity, such as cranes, and ensure suitable weight when lifting higher than the required height. Dust - Apply mitigation measures to reduce dust, such as using 141 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Environmental and Responsible Mitigation measures Applicable regulations social issues Implementation Monitoring water or non-toxic chemicals to reduce dust from movement of vehicles - Equip personal protective gears, such as mask, for high dust places Excavation and limited spaces - Control the specific elements of the construction site that can contribute to disturbance of excavating or filling slopes, such as the technique of eliminating water in excavation, supports of side walls and adjust of slope to reduce or eliminate the risk of collapse, trap, or drowning. - Provide safety measures to access and get out of excavation and filling areas, such as stair slopes, stair ways, stairs, and ladder. - Avoid operating the burning equipment for long period in the excavating areas with lots of people, unless these areas have proper air circulation. Other construction site hazards - Use the trained staffs to identify and discard the wastes from containers, processors or polluted soil as the first step for safe excavation, construction, dissemble and demolish. - Use trained staffs to identify and select to discard the materials with potential danger before dissembling and demolishing, including electrical elements, fine dust and Polychlorinated Biphenyl substances, electrical components containing mercury - Use suitable protective gears based on assessment on health and work safety, including poison mask, protective clothes/coats, gloves, and eye protectors. 142 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - 12) Public health and A. General construction hazards - Law on road transportation Contractors PPMU, CSC safety - The subproject has to execute risk management plan to protect number 23/2008/QH12 the community from physical, chemical and other risks related - Circular number 22/2010 to the construction sites / TT-BXD on - Limit access to construction sites via regulation control, occupational safety in administrative measures to the areas and places with high risks, construction depending on the specific circumstances to place fences, signs - QCVN 18: 2014 / BXD: and provide information on the risks involved to the local Technical regulations on community. occupational safety in - Eliminate the dangers on construction sites that cannot be construction controlled effectively by limit access to the construction sites, - WBG EHS Guidelines such as cover the open spaces into smaller spaces with fences, ensure escape routes for large spaces and ditches around hazardous substances. B. Disease control Contagious diseases - Require monitoring, screening and treatment for workers - Prevent the disease among workers and local community by: • Proposing solutions to raise public awareness regarding health and education, such as providing information to raise individual awareness to solve systematic elements affecting individual behaviors, as well as improve personal protection and protection for other people to prevent the diseases by using condoms. • Train heath staffs for disease treating • Conduct immunization campaign for workers and local community to improve health and immunization. • Provide healthcare services • Provide treatment via management of first representative case at healthcare unit or in the community. Ensure accessibility to healthcare centers, confidential and 143 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Environmental and Responsible Mitigation measures Applicable regulations social issues Implementation Monitoring appropriate care, especially for migrants. • Promote cooperation with the local government to increase involvement of worker’s family and local community and accessibility to public healthcare; Promote immunization. Communicable diseases by vector - Prevent the spread via hygienic measures and eliminate habitats for living and reproducing near human residency. - Eliminate the still waters - Increase flows in natural and manmade streams. - Considering the fencing of areas with pesticide residue - Apply control programs - Promote use of other measures to prevent insect bite - Use appropriate medicines to eliminate the disease sources - Monitor and handle the insect population and migration to prevent the spread of diseases - Cooperate and exchange equipment with other control programs in the subproject area to maximize benefits - Train project staffs and local people on the risks, prevention methods, and treatment - Monitor the community in high risk seasons to detect and treat the diseases - Provide education documents - Follow the safety guide on storage, transportation and use of pesticides to reduce risks due to abusive use, spilling and human contact 144 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Environmental and Responsible Mitigation measures Applicable regulations social issues Implementation Monitoring - 15) Stockpiles and - The borrow pits or stockpiles will need specific mitigation Contractors PPMU, CSC Borrow Pits measures far exceed the mitigation scope in this ECOP - All the selected locations have to be identified in advance during the technical document preparation process. - A ditch will be constructed around the stockpiles to prevent wastewater. - For first time mine, the surface soil layer will be reused to recover the mine into the conditions close to the beginning state - The use of new areas for stockpiling or material mining will have to be approved in advance by construction engineers - When the land owners are affected by the use of their land for stockpiling or material mining, these land owners have to be included in the resettlement plan of the project - There has to be entrance and they have to be assessed environmentally. 145 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 16) Public relations - Maintain communication with the local government and - Decree number Contractors PPMU, CSC interest parties. The contractors have to cooperate with the local 167/2013/ND-CP authorities regarding approved construction plans and activities regulating financial near sensitive areas or in sensitive periods (during festivals, penalties on social security, holidays,…) social hazard prevention. - Disclose ECOP and safety documents to the local agencies and - WBG EHS Guidelines workers. - Reduced area of playground and car park: losses of public infrastructures during construction phase is one of the inconvenient aspects for the local people. However, the consultation with affected people will create opportunity for researching and selecting alternatives or replacement. - Inform the project information to the affected people in public meeting before construction phase - Provide contacts of the relation units so that interest parties can collect information on the project, construction activities, status and results of the subproject. - Provide information, especially the technical figures, in an easy to understand manner for the public and interest parties, as well as local government via documents, news, when there are significant results of construction works. - Monitor the relations to local community and information requirement of the subproject - Response timely and precisely via telephone and in writing. - Inform the population about construction and work schedules, interruption of services, traffic routes and provisional bus routes, blasting and demolition, as appropriate - Limit construction activities at night. When necessary ensure that night work is carefully scheduled and the community is properly informed so they can take necessary measures; and - At least 15 days in advance of any service interruption 146 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Environmental and Responsible Mitigation measures Applicable regulations social issues Implementation Monitoring (including water, electricity, telephone, and bus routes) the community must be advised through postings at the project site, at bus stops, and in affected homes/businesses - Disclose subproject information for affected parties (the local government, businesses, households,… affected) in public meetings prior to construction activities - Provide contacts of public relation unit for interest parties to have adequate access to construction activities, status, and subproject implementation results. b) Mitigation measures for site-specific impacts The execution of the subproject does not have any site-specific impact or sensitive component near the construction site. 147 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 7.2.3. Mitigations for impacts in operation phase a. Mitigations for impacts on water environment and solid wastes The impacts from activities in this phase are small as most of the wastes are from living activities of dam operators (3 people) with total domestic wastewater of about 1m3/day of operation and the amount of solid waste is 2kg. The mitigations for impacts of these wastes are: - Constructing 3-section-self-compost tanks with volume of 3m3. This design enables self-compost process to be at least 72 hours so all the wastes are broken down before discharging into the environment - The amount of domestic solid waste is small, hence, the wastes can be collected into bags and delivered to the local waste site by the operators at the end of working day. b. Risk mitigations for dam safety â?– Land slide prevention - Prohibit of soil exploitation and cultivation in the submerge areas - Prohibit deforestation near the reservoirs, especially in the submerged areas. The reservoir management board has to prepare protection plan for these trees. - Promote planting trees around the reservoir to protect the soil, increase vegetation cover and increase reservoir zone stability. â?– Erosion prevention - Protecting the existing forests, regarding both coverage area and quality. - Strictly managing the exploitation of minerals in the upstream areas. - Arranging productive seasons to maximize plant coverage in rain season. - Raising awareness of local people regarding forest protection, soil stabilisation, water storage to prevent landslide. - Monitoring the input sediment to the reservoirs, monitoring reservoir erosion and reservoir zone to identify the sediment in the reservoir; Dredging the reservoir zone if the sediment affects construction lifetime and safety. â?– Mitigation measures for dam break incident - Enhancing monitoring system for dams and spillways. - Periodically examining and maintaining the construction works in compliance with applicable regulations, especially the operation equipment of spillways - Regarding reservoir zones: periodically monitor the reservoir boundaries, timely detect the weak spots to apply consolidation. - Strengthening forecast and early warning system to propose appropriate water discharge plan, ensuring that in case of flood, the spillways will maintain adequate flood discharge, and that the local people are notified timely. - Regularly promoting the safety regulations, evacuation plans in case of floods. - Complying to the approved flood and storm prevention plan. - Water Resources Exploitation One-member Limited Liability Company, department of water resources of the districts, communes will announce the water regulating plans. 148 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - Regarding reservoir areas: periodically monitoring the reservoir boundaries and nearby areas to timely detect the weak spots to apply consolidation. - Regularly examining to ensure the amount of water discharged is at designed flows, pursuant to applicable regulations. Spillways have to maintain proper energy-relief and connection to the downstream areas to minimize chance of erosion. - Complying to the operation procedures to secure reservoir safety. 7.3. Other mitigation measures The aforementioned measures have mitigated the impacts on the natural and social environment. However, there exists some indirect impacts or accumulative impacts, such as: awareness, family violence (gender equity), and public health. The impact receivers of these impacts are the communities near the subproject areas. As a result, control measures have to be applied to assess and manage the accumulative impacts. PPMU has prepared a separate plan for public health, communication and consultation to minimize the impacts on these communities. Risk of drowning: Set up warning signs for the reservoir area. Raise awareness on risk of drowning for people living close to the reservoirs. 7.4. Implementation arrangement 7.4.1. Project management Central level The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) will be responsible for overall implementation and management of the project. The provinces in execution will rehabilitate and upgrade the dams in Component 1 and MARD will coordinate the activities with Ministry of Industry and Trade (MOIT) and DARD in activities of Component 2. A Central Project Management Unit (CPMU) established by appraisal under MARD with responsibility for overall coordination and monitoring of the project. The implementation of construction works and dam safety plan, including dam protection, are assigned to provincial level. Provincial People’s Committee (PPC), DARD are the provincial level authorities. PPMU is responsible for managing and monitoring works with supports from CPMU. The Environment and Resettlement Division of MARD will be responsible for effective and timely implementation of safeguard activities. MARD will assign one senior staff and at least one full time safeguard staff to be responsible for managing and monitoring of the environmental and social impacts of subprojects throughout the project implementation for periodical monitoring every 6 months. This unit will be hired by competitive bidding to provide high quality supports for central level during the implementation. The main responsibilities will include, but not be limited to, support for CPMU in reviewing, adjusting when necessary and implement the development frameworks throughout the project implementation, thereby, provide a general framework for national programs. This process will be compliance to conditions of Decree 72 to support MARD in establishing necessary systems for implementation of the national dam safety program. Provincial level Provincial People’s Committee of Quang Binh province assigns Department of Agriculture and Rural Development to take implementation responsibilities and established a 149 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) PPMU to execute all activities in bidding, monitoring, resettlement plan, environmental and social plans in compliance with the project policies. PPMU will be supported by CPMU regarding technical, environmental and social aspects. The project implementation arrangement is: Figure 7-1: Project implementation arrangement (Source: Environmental and Social Management Framework, 2015) 7.4.2. Roles and responsibilities in environmental and social safeguard management In the periodical monitoring process, PPMU will execute monitoring activities with the local environmental authorities to determine if the project implementation meets all the requirements in the environmental and social management framework, environmental and social impact assessment, and environmental and social management plan or not. This organization will conduct field study at different stages of the project to confirm that ESIA, ESMP are being conducted sufficiently. A monitoring report including environmental and social management issues will be included in the overall field study report. The assigned environmental and social specialists will be responsible to prepare monitoring reports quarterly and annually, reporting on the main activities of the project, outcomes and results of environmental management activities for all the investments of the project. CPMU request PPMU to have environmental activities in compliance with the investments, including major mitigation measures, and repots of significant environmental issues occurred. PPMU has to include environmental aspect in all the reports prepared for WB. The stakeholders have to have full understanding of implementation arrangement of ESMF in investment components of the project. This plays an important part in supporting and assessing their roles in monitoring, supervising, and assessing environmental impacts for subproject activities. The implementation arrangement of ESMF is summarized in the following figure. WB CPMU DARD (E&S officers, project implementation consultant, independent monitoring consultant) 150 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Figure 7-2: Implementation arrangement of safeguard policies Details on roles and responsibilities of stakeholders relating to environmental and social management activities during implementation phase of the project are listed in the following table. Table 7-3: Roles and responsibilities of stakeholders Unit Responsibility - CPMU, representing investment owner MARD, is responsible for overall monitoring of the project, including compliance of environmental and social safeguard policies of the project - Responsible for preparing reports on environmental protection policies of the project to MARD and WB Central Project - CPMU will be supported in the implementation of the project by a technical Management Unit consultant. The technical consultant will prepare a system for monitoring (CPMU) the contents of environmental and social safeguard during the project implementation. - A third party independent monitoring will conduct regular assessment for project activities. The third party independent monitoring will also assess the compliance in implementing project policies, and the implementation of safeguard instruments, including EMP/ECOP, RPF/RAP, EMDP, and GAP. - PPMU is responsible for monitoring the implementation of the subproject, including the compliance to environmental policies of the subproject. PPMU is the end unit responsible for implementation of ESIA and environmental activities of the subproject during construction and Province Project operation phases. Management Unit (PPMU) - Specifically, PPMU will: (i) closely cooperate with local government regarding community participation during preparation and implementation phases; (ii) monitor the ESIA implementation, including the inclusion of ESMP in specific technical details and bidding documents and other contract documents; (iii) ensure that environmental management system is 151 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) established and operated effectively; (iv) responsible for reporting the ESIA implementation to CPO, DARD, and WB. - Environmental officers are responsible for monitoring the implementation of environmental and social safeguard policies of WV in all phases and activities of the subproject. Specifically environmental officers will be responsible for: (i) support PPMU to include ESMP into detailed technical designs, bidding documents and contracts with construction monitoring Environmental and consultant; (ii) Support PPMU in monitoring ESMP in ESIA and RAP social officer of implementation in compliance with term of references, bidding documents PPMU (ES) and other contract documents with CSC if necessary; (iii) provide inputs for consultant selection; (iv) review reports by CSC and safeguard consultants; (v) conduct periodical field study; (vi) support PPMU in redressing environmental and resettlement issues of the project; and (vii) prepare environmental and social implementation contents according to subproject progress and report to CPMU and WB. - CSC will maneuver the ES officers and be responsible for regular supervision and monitoring of construction activities, and to make sure that contractor activities are in compliance with environmental requirements in Construction the contracts and ECOP. CSC will arrange sufficient number of qualified supervising staffs (environmental engineers) with adequate knowledge on consultant environmental protection and project management to conduct duties as (CSC) required and monitor contractor’s activities. - CSC will support PPMU in (i) report and maintain close coordination with the local community, and (ii) enhance capability regarding safeguard policies for construction contractors. Bidders will submit to PPMU the supplementary documents to be included in bidding document: Environmental and Social Health and Safety (ESHS) • Contractors will submit a ESHS to be applied to workers and sub- contractors, to ensure that environmental, social, health and safety duties are fulfilled in the contract • In addition, contractors will specify how this ESHS is executed. This includes: how to include it in working condition/participation, trainings to be provided, monitoring methods, and how to deal with violations Bidders Management scheme and implementation plan (MSIP) for risk management (ESHS) • The contractors will submit the MSIP to manage the following ESHS risks: + Traffic management plan to maintain safety for the local community in traffic; + Water resources protection plan to prevent water pollution; + Marking and protecting border strategy to prevent outside impacts; + Strategy to obtain permit before construction activities, such as opening new rock or soil mine. - Contractor has to arrange a safeguard officer to monitor the implementation of environmental and social mitigation measures as proposed in ESMP. Contractor(s) - Contractor has to submit to PPMU/CSC the implementation plan for approval, then carry out the C-ESMP, complying to specific condition of article 16.2, including the agreed MSIP. 152 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - Contractor is required to appoint the individuals with suitable capability and experience to act as Safety and Environment Officer (SEO), who will be responsible for monitoring the MSIP to manage risks of ESHS - Carry out activities to mitigate and reduce all the potential adverse impacts according to the described objectives in the C-ESMP - Actively discuss with local people and propose actions to prevent the disturbance in construction phase - Ensure that all staffs and workers understand their working procedure and duties in environmental management plan - Report to PPMU and CSC about any arising problems and potential solutions - Report to local government, PPMU and CSC in case of any environmental accidents and cooperate with stakeholders to solve the problems. - The local community monitoring unit is established according to Decision 80/2005/QD-CP dated 18/04/2005 by the Prime Minister about community Local government monitoring of investment. The commune level community monitoring unit and community has rights and responsibilities to monitor the construction activities and their impacts, ensure that the mitigation measures for the adverse impacts on the community are executed effectively. In case of any environmental issue arises and affect the community, they will notify CSC and/or PPMU. Province people’s - Monitor the environmental protection activities in the construction committee (PPC) component of the subproject, ensure that all policies and regulations of the and Department of government are complied to. DARD, environmental and natural resources Agriculture and office of the districts will monitor the compliance to environmental Rural Development requirements of the GoV. (DARD) 7.4.3. Environmental compliance framework Duties of contractors, SSEO and CSC mentioned in this document has to be included in Requirement of Investment Owner if not mentioned in SPD. i. Environmental duties of contractors Firstly, contractors have to comply to mitigate the potential adverse impacts from construction activities of the project. Secondly, the mitigation measures in ESMP will be applied to prevent losses and annoyance to the local communities and the environment due to impacts during construction and operation phases. Request the contractors to submit and apply C-ESMP complying to specific requirements of article 16.2 in the contract, including MSIP. The recovery actions that cannot be applied in the construction phase will be applied when the construction is completed (and before handover of construction). Duties of the contractor include but not limited to: - Comply to legal requirements related to environment, safety and community health - Conduct work in contract limit and other bidding conditions - Establish representative team of construction unit, participate in general supervision by SSEO of PPMU and CSC - Cooperate with authorities to conduct periodical environmental monitoring as stated in ESIA content. - Cooperate with PPMU to provide training on safeguard policies for staffs and workers 153 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - Conduct recovery actions as guided by SSEO by PPMU and CSC - If there is any incompliance or misconduct, contractor has to inspect and submit options to mitigate and apply measures to mitigate environmental impacts. - Stop any problematic construction activities when being instructed by SSEO of PPMU and CSC. Propose and apply corrective measures and apply alter natives to reduce impacts on the environment. If the contractor does not comply to the aforementioned requirement, they will be suspended or receive penalty until the problem is solved and approved by SSEO of PPMU and CSC. ii. Environmental and Social Officer of contractor Contractor is requested to assign authorized staffs, including safety, social ad environment officer of the contractor. SSEO has to be trained in environmental management and has to be provided with necessary skills to transfer knowledge for all workers being involved in the contract. SSEO will be responsible for monitoring the compliance of contractor to ESMP requirements and general environmental requirements. Duties of SSEO include but not limited to the following aspects: - Executing field survey on environmental condition to assess the existing condition of the construction areas, equipment, construction methods related to pollution control and ensure that the mitigation measures for environmental impacts are applied fully; - Monitor the compliance of environmental protection measures, pollution prevention and control measures, and requirements in the contract; - Support the authorities in periodical environmental monitoring as required by ESIA - Monitor the implementation of environmental mitigation measures; - Prepare audit report for environmental conditions on construction sites; - Consult contractor on environmental improvement, awareness, and measures to prevent immediate pollution; - Propose appropriate mitigation for contractor if there is incompliance. Execute additional monitoring on the incompliance as guided by ES officer of PPMU and CSC; - Notify contractor and SSEO (of PPMU and CSC) on environmental issues, submit C- ESMP to ES officer of PPMU and CSC and other agencies when needed. - Store documents on all activities on construction sites that are related to environment. iii. Environmental and social monitoring during operation During construction phase, competent CSC reporting to PPMU will execute environmental and social monitoring activities. CSC will assign ES officers for checking and monitoring all construction activities to ensure that mitigation measures selected in ESMP are conducted correctly, and the adverse environmental impacts of the subproject are mitigated. CSC will hire environmental monitoring engineers with adequate knowledge on project management and environmental and social protection to take required responsibilities on monitoring the implementation of contractor. Especially, ES officer of CSC will: - Representing PPMU to review and assess whether the design meets requirements of mitigation and management measures in ESMP; - Monitor ESMP system on the construction sites of the contractor, including implementation works, experiences, abilities to address environmental and social issues on the construction sites, and provide adjustments; 154 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - Review the implementation of ESMP by the contractor; Audit and affirm environmental and social monitoring procedure, indicators, monitoring locations, equipment and results; - Report on the implementation of ESMP to PPMU and prepare environmental and social monitoring report in construction phase. iv. Compliance to contract and regulations The construction activities will not only comply to requirements on environmental protection and pollution control as stated in the contract, but also has to comply with Law on Environmental Protection and Pollution Control of the Government of Vietnam. All the reports on construction methods will be submitted to CSC and PPMU Quang Binh for review regarding environmental protection and pollution control capability. CSC and PPMU will also check the construction progress for any violation to environmental regulations and prevention of violations. Contractors will scan the documents related to safety and safeguard officers of CSC and PPMU. The documents at least include construction progress report, update on construction methods, and request for permit/permit to exploit as regulated, and other required documents. SSEO of CSC and PPMU also has access to records of website at request. After checking the documents, SSEO of PPMU and CSC will consult PPMU and contractor regarding any incompliance of contract terms and regulations on environmental protection and pollution control so they can proceed with follow-up actions. If SSEO of PPMU and CSC concludes that the application for permit or any actions in environmental protection and pollution control is not feasible for construction methods, or can lead to violations to requirements on environmental protection and pollution control, they will timely notify the contractor and PPMU. v. Reporting Together with progress report, the contractor also has to provide reports on ESHS statistics as stated in Appendix B of SPD. Concurrently, the contractor also has to notify PPMU immediately regarding any incident in these following categories with full details on the event within the agreed timing: - Violation or potential violation to any law or international agreement; - Any death or severe injury, including loss of time; - Significant adverse impacts or losses to personal assets (i.e. road accidents, accidents due to flying rocks, working out of sites) - Serious pollution to underground water or damages or deteriorate living environment or endangered and rare species (including protected areas); or - Any accusation on sexual harassment or sexual violations, use of child labor, abuse or other violations related to children. Table 7-4: Report procedure No Reported by Submit to Timing 1 Contractor CSC Immediately for any incident and accident; and Monthly 155 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 2 CSC PPMU Immediately for any incident and accident; and Monthly 4 Community monitoring PPMU When the community has any grievance unit regarding the implementation of safeguard policies of the subprojects 5 PPMU DARD and CPMU Every 6 months as regulated by environmental regulations of the Government 7.5. Grievance redress mechanism The grievance redress mechanism (GRM) of the subproject is prepared based on requirements of WB, IFC guidelines, and grievance redress mechanism of the Government of Vietnam in order to address the issues between project owner and the local communities, especially the project affected people. 7.5.1. World Bank requirement A Grievance redress mechanism (GRM) is an integral element in project management that intends to seek feedback from beneficiaries and resolve of complaints on project activities and performance. A provincial grievance committee will therefore be set up to handle project- related complaints/clarifications that cannot be handled by or are beyond the provincial committee's mandate and capacity. In addition, a Grievance Officer shall be designated at each local dam management units (LDMUs), at the PPMUs who will perform the following functions: • Receive, record and promptly acknowledge receipt of all grievances • Conduct preliminary screening of grievances for the purpose of sorting out those that does not concern the Project and for determining the appropriate Project unit/office or committee to refer or forward the grievance to • Maintain a database of grievances and monitor/track their status • Periodically inform the complainants of the status of their complaints/ claims/clarifications • Prepare periodic report on the grievances, including pending grievances, to the Project Management. To ensure that the GRM requirements are complied with in every sub-project, the sub-project owner (i.e. local dam/reservoir management units) and the PPMU will adopt their own GRM Procedure. The adopted procedure will be included in the Sub-project document package that will be submitted to the relevant organizations for review and clearance. 7.5.2. IFC’s approach to grievance redress mechanism Grievance mechanisms will be an important part of the project requirements related to community engagement by clients under the Policy and Performance Standards on Social and Environmental Sustainability. MARD will establish a grievance mechanism to receive and facilitate resolution of the affected communities’ concerns and complaints about the 156 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) environmental and social performance. The grievance mechanism will be scaled to risks and adverse impacts of the project, address concerns promptly, use an understandable and transparent process that is culturally appropriate and readily accessible to all segments of the affected communities, and do so at no cost to communities and without retribution. The mechanism will not impede access to judicial and administrative remedies. The client will inform the affected communities about the mechanism in the course of its community engagement process. A grievance mechanism should be able to deal with most of the community issues. Grievance mechanism requirements in relation to affected communities are explicitly stated with regard to security personnel, land acquisition and adverse impacts on indigenous peoples. 7.5.3. Grievance redress mechanism of the Government of Vietnam In order to ensure that all APs’ grievances and complaints on any aspect of land acquisition, compensation and resettlement are addressed in a timely and satisfactory manner, and that all possible avenues are available to APs to air their grievances, a well-defined grievance redress mechanism needs to be established. All APs can send any questions to implementation agencies about their rights in relation with entitlement of compensation, compensation policy, rates, land acquisition and grievance redress. APs are not required to pay any fee during any of the procedures associated with seeking grievance redress including if resolution requires legal action to be undertaken in a court of law. This cost is included in the budget for implementation of RAPs. The steps of Grievance Redress Mechanism are as follows: • First Stage - Commune/Precinct/Town People’s Committees of 07 subproject communes (Thai Thuy commune, My Thuy commune, Hung Trach commune, Hien Ninh commune, Quang Lien commune, Quang Phuong commune, Quang Hop commune): An aggrieved APs may bring his/her complaint to the One Door Department of the Commune/Ward People’s Committee, in writing or verbally. The member of CPC/WPC at the One Door Department will be responsible to notify the CPC/WPC leaders about the complaint for solving. The Chairman of the CPC/WPC will meet personally with the aggrieved APs and will have 30 days following the receiving date of the complaint to resolve it. The CPC/WPC secretariat is responsible for documenting and keeping file of all complaints handled by the CPC/WPC. • Second Stage - At District People’s Committees (DPC) at 04 subproject districts (Bo Trach district, Le Thuy district, Quang Ninh district, Quang Trach district): If after 30 days the aggrieved affected household does not hear from the CPC, or if the APs is not satisfied with the decision taken on his/her complaint, the APs may bring the case, either in writing or verbally, to any member of the DPC or the DRC of the district. The DPC in turn will have 30 days following the receiving date of the complaint to resolve the case. The DPC is responsible for documenting and keeping file of all complaints that it handles and will inform the DRC of district of any decision made. Affected households can also bring their case to Court if they wish. 157 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) • Third Stage - At Province People’s Committee of Quang Binh province: If after 30 days the aggrieved PAP does not hear from the DPC, or if the PAP is not satisfied with the decision taken on his/her complaint, the PAP may bring the case, either in writing or verbally, to any member of the PPC or lodge an administrative case to the District People’s Court for solution. The PPC has 45 days within which to resolve the complaint to the satisfaction of all concerned. The PPC secretariat is also responsible for documenting and keeping file of all complaints that it handles. Affected households can also bring their case to Court if they want. • Final Stage - Court of Law of Quang Binh province Decides: If after 45 days following the lodging of the complaint with the PPC, the aggrieved PAP does not hear from the PPC, or if he/she is not satisfied with the decision taken on his/her complaint, the case may be brought to a court of law for adjudication. Decision by the court will be the final decision. Decision on solving the complaints must be sent to the aggrieved APs and concerned parties and must be posted at the office of the People’s Committee where the complaint is solved. After three days, the decision/result on solution is available at commune/ward level and after seven days at district level. In order to minimize complaints to the provincial level, PMU will cooperate with the District Resettlement Committee to participate in and consult on settling complaints. Personnel: The Environmental and Resettlement staff assigned by PMU will formulate and maintain a database of the APs’ grievances related to the Project including information such as nature of the grievances, sources and dates of receipt of grievances, names and addresses of the aggrieved PAPs, actions to be taken and current status. In case of verbal claims, the reception board will record these inquiries in the grievance form at the first meeting with affected people. The Independent Monitoring Consultant will be responsible for checking the procedures for and resolutions of grievances and complaints. The independent monitoring Consultant may recommend further measures to be taken to redress unresolved grievances. During monitoring the grievance redress procedures and reviewing the decisions, the independent monitoring agency should closely cooperate with the Vietnam Fatherland Front as well as its members responsible for supervising law enforcement related to appeals in the area. The grievance resolution process for the Project, including the names and contact details of Grievance Focal Points and the Grievance Facilitation Unit (GFU), will be disseminated through information brochures and posted in the offices of the People’s Committees at the communes and districts and PMU. At the same time, an escrow account for resettlement payments should be used when grievance is resolving to avoid excessive delay of the project while ensuring compensation payment after the grievance has been resolved. To ensure that the grievance mechanism described above are practical and acceptable by APs, it were consulted with local authorities and communities taking into account of specific cultural attributes as well as traditional-cultural mechanisms for raising and resolving complaints and conflicting issues. The ethnic minority objects and efforts were also identified and determined which are culturally acceptable ways to find the solution. 158 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) The affected people will be exempted of all fees related to administrative and legal procedures. The court grievances are also free to log the documents. All the documents and records of grievances will be stored in subproject implementation records by PPMU, CARB, and People’s Committees of all executive levels. In order to ensure that grievance redress mechanism aforementioned is feasible and accepted by subproject affected people, this mechanism was presented and consulted with the local governments and residents, included the considerations of distinctive cultures and traditions in presenting and redressing grievances and conflicts 7.5.4. Grievance redress mechanism by PPMU During the project implementation, PPMU will also apply a direct grievance redress mechanism via provincial E&S officers, CSC, and construction contractors. The main objective of this mechanism is to reduce processing tie for receiving and redressing grievance, and simplifying the involved procedures. The simple grievances directly related to project operation can be submitted directly to the implementation units, via one of the following methods: - Directly grievances submitting to CSC, safeguard consultants of the contractor, or representative of the contractors; - Written grievances: grievance letters can be sent to the aforementioned staffs, or provincial E&S consultants, or directly sent to the grievance mail box of PPMU as hard copy or electronic copy; - Via other communication channels (telephones, SMS,…): contact the hotline number of PPMU; After receiving the grievance, the receiving officer has the responsibilities to receive and send the grievance information to construction contractor and PPMU within no more than 24 hours since received. In case of simple grievances and can be quickly readdressed, the contractors have to arrange staffs to respond and redress the issues, and report to PPMU within 24 hours of receiving the grievance; This report has to include full information on grievance time, nature of the issue(s), solutions, and feedbacks from complainant after receiving the resolutions. In case grievances that require time to process and resolve, within 24 hours of receiving the grievances, contractors have to report the issue to PPMU; This report must include grievance time, nature of issues, problems encountering, resolution approaches, and plan to resolve. Within 07 days from the date of grievance, if the contractors cannot issue a final resolution accepted by the complainant, the grievance will be forwarded to CPC and enters the formal grievance redress mechanism as stated by the Government of Vietnam. 7.5.5. World Bank’s grievance redress mechanism The World Bank’s Grievance Redress Service (GRS) provides an additional, acc essible way for individuals and communities to complain directly to the World Bank if they believe that a World Bank-financed project had or is likely to have adverse effects on them or their community. The Grievance Redress Service (GRS) ensures that complaints are promptly reviewed and addressed by the responsible units in the World Bank. The objective is to make the Bank more accessible for project affected communities and to help ensure faster and better resolution of project-related complaints. The GRS is open to all those who believe they have been affected by a Bank-financed project. 159 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Grievance redress process by WB • Review process: Upon receipt, the GRS team reviews and determines if the complaint meets the eligibility criteria. • Registration and notification: Within 2 business days of receipt of the complaint, the GRS notifies the complainant of receipt of the complaint and asks for additional information if needed. Within 10 business days, the GRS reviews and evaluates the complaint. If the complaint is accepted it proceeds to the next phase. Proposal and resolution: Within 30 business days of acceptance of the complaint, the GRS sends a proposal to the complainant(s) with an action plan and timeframe for its implementation. The GRS consults with the complainant(s) on the proposal. (For complex complaints, the time limit may be extended to 60 business days.) If the complainant accepts the proposal, the project team implements it according to the process and timeframe set out in the proposal. The complaint is closed when the actions in the proposal are satisfactorily implemented. 7.6. ESIA implementation plan 7.6.1. ESIA implementation plan for contractors - Immediately after signing the contract, based on the ESIA and construction plan of the subproject, construction plan prepared by CSC and approved by PPMU, the contractors have to prepare specific ESIA for the package and submit to PPMU for approval; - After the specific ESIA is approved, the contractors have to carry out all the environmental and social mitigation measures; - Information on ESIA will be disclosed and displayed at all work camps and working areas to disseminate information on the mitigation measures for the workers; - Information centres are also set up at the construction site entrance, including address, representative, contact details of stakeholders for the local communities to access when needed - Assign environmental and safety staff, provide adequate training on safety and environmental protection, worker health,… - Survey and check the existing environmental status, report to CSC/PPMU if there is any notable environmental issues; - Sign contracts with competent units to handle domestic and hazardous wastes, and to supply clean water for the construction sites; - Manage workers and construction equipment and obtain new certificates in case of out- dated. - Implement the specific ESIA and update the ESIA as required and submit to PPMU if there is any adjustment before implementing; - Report the ESIA implementation on monthly basis. 7.6.2. Subproject commencement and staffing The environmental and safety staff of the contractors have to receive adequate trainings on applicable policies and have to have certificate on work health and safety to work on the construction sites. Provide training on work health and work safety for the workers and regularly check the implementation works on the construction sites. 160 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 7.7. Capacity training Effective implementation of this Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) will require technical capacity in the human resource base of implementing institutions as well as logistical facilitation. Implementers need to understand inherent social and environmental issues and values and be able to clearly identify indicators of these. Even with existence of policies and laws such as the Law on Environment Protection 2015 evidence on the ground, still indicates that there is significant shortcoming in the abilities of local and district level stakeholders to correctly monitor, mitigate and manage environmental performance of development projects. Sufficient understanding of the mechanisms for implementing the ESMF will need to be provided to the various stakeholders implementing subprojects of DRSIP. This will be important to support the teams appreciate their role in providing supervision, monitoring and evaluation including environmental reporting on the projects activities. During the subproject preparation, the overall capacity at central level and provincial level has been reviewed. There are few officials who have professional training and affiliation with safeguard operation. In order to ensure proper ESIA preparation, implementation and supervision, additional consultant support required both at provincial and central level during the project implementation phase. However, MARD will also support in developing its staff capacity on environmental and social issues utilizing the project technical assistance provision. 7.7.1. Existing capacity Human capacity challenges for stakeholders involved in the implementation of the ESMF are of two types: - Low technical capacity of current staff, and - Inadequate (low) numbers of staff. While adequacy in staffing requirements was found to be varied between the various stakeholders, there is very limited presence of directly trained and dedicated staff for environmental and social management purposes within institutions, in particular at the local levels. Staffs from other departments are usually assigned duties related to environmental and social management. As a result, sufficient knowledge on environmental and social management principles, project screening, impact mitigation, monitoring and follow up action was limited within most institutions. In many institutions, staffs have been retained for core activities leaving little if any human resources to directly oversee environmental and social management activities. As a result, this portfolio which in many cases is given little attention is handled by staff members not adequately conversant with it. During the ESIA preparation, PPMU and safeguard consultant have collected information to assess the current human capacity of stakeholders: • PPMU level: PPMU Quang Binh has had specialised staffs in environment and social, however, these staffs have academic background in water resources, land management, construction,..; There has been no environmental specialised officer. At the same time, these environmental officers often hold other responsibilities in construction, cadastral, water resources,... at the same time of environmental assignments; 161 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) • District level: The environmental departments at district level have their environmental specialized officers but they are often understaffed due to the large quantity of works and limited number of officers; • Commune level: All 07 subproject communes have not had environmental specialised staffs; There are only cadastral officers taking environmental duties on the side. These officers have background on water resources, construction, or land management; There has been no environmental-background officer at commune management level. • Community level: Head or deputy head of the hamlet and local people in the subproject communes only have basic knowledge on environmental issues, environmental protection. The understanding of environmental pollution is also limited at direct and observable phenomena, such as dust and emissions. The existing human capacity at all levels regarding environmental protection is still limited in both staff quality and staff number. They have limited understanding on environmental issues, environmental protection methods, and monitoring requirements for the ESIA implementation, therefore, a capacity training is highly necessary to improve the efficiency of ESIA implementation. 7.7.2. Capacity training Education and training of the agency staff and the dam owner are important elements of any program. The trainings will be arranged at all levels to provide adequate information for the staffs in relation to their specialized field. Awareness creation, training and sensitization will be required for personnel of the following institutions: - Local government authorities - District Environment Officers - Technical staff of MARD, CPO, CPMU, PPMU and Environmental and social expert consultants (including extension staff) - NGOs, Cooperatives and Associations - Community Implementing Units e.g. Social Groups, women‘s Unions, youth unions, - Contractors managers and personnel - Private Sector Environmental Compliance personnel Selection of training courses should identify potential guidelines or good practice documents on environmental management for the key sectors to be financed. The objective is to help staffs move beyond just compliance to cleaner production and improved environmental sustainability that would help reduce costs (e.g., due to use of less water and energy, generation of less wastes, etc.) and potential environmental problems. World Bank environmental safeguard specialists will provide periodic supervision and training relative to the identification and management of environmental risk in project evaluation and implementation. World Bank will assist Vietnam government to identify appropriate external training opportunities for environmental screening and environmental management for DRSIP project officers, field supervision staff, small and medium enterprise development officers and selected community representatives to familiarize them with the principles and procedures. Table 7-5: Capacity training programs 162 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) No Training aspect Subjects Training Training contents timing 1 Environmental and PPMU In the - Understandings on social safety beginning of environmental and social policies project requirement of the preparation Government of Vietnam and (carried out by safeguard policies of WB WB and CPO) - Measures to compliance to environmental and social requirements of the Government of Vietnam and safeguard policies of WB for the Project Local government Before starting - Understandings on CSC construction environmental and social requirement of the E&S consultant Government of Vietnam and Contractors safeguard policies of WB Safeguard officer applicable for the subproject - Measures to compliance to environmental and social requirements of the Government of Vietnam and safeguard policies of WB for the subproject 2 Environmental and PPMU Before starting - Raising awareness and social management CSC construction knowledge on environmental capacity and social monitoring program CSC of the subproject, including improvement E&S consultant information on the monitoring Contractors indicators, methods, contents, Safeguard officer frequency,… of monitoring activities required 3 Training on Contractor Before starting - Trainings on the regulations, environmental All workers construction procedures, requirements on health and occupational safety for occupational workers on construction sites; safety measures, - Trainings on how to use the and work safety safety equipment for each working field - Training on response to emergency (accident, fire, injure,..) 4 Training to prevent Local government Before starting - Raising awareness and contagious diseases Local political and construction knowledge on contagious and social evils social groups (Women diseases union, youth union) - Provide measures to prevent and other community contagious diseases, especially groups STDs and HIV/AIDS (representatives of the hamlets) All construction workers 163 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) No Training aspect Subjects Training Training contents timing 5 Training on dam Project operation Before - Raising awareness and safety awareness agency operating the knowledge on required construction procedures to manage, operate, check and maintain the works International E&S consultant and CPO PPMU and provincial E&S consultant Construction contractor Construction workers and staffs Figure 7-6: Capacity training system The International E&S firm will lead the capacity building process. With CPMU coordination, they will organize the capacity building training for PPMU and Provincial level E&S consultant. Similarly, PPMU and Provincial E&S Consultant will organize orientation program for the contractors. The winning contractor is responsible for carrying out the training of workers to ensure proper occupational health and safety, better housekeeping and effective environmental management. The IPM training will also be organized according to subproject plan. 7.8. Environmental monitoring plan 7.8.1. Compliance monitoring PPMU and CSC will monitor the compliance to the standards and regulations. PPMU and CSC will be responsible for monitoring contractor’s activities regarding implementation of the agreed mitigations. The results will be reported monthly. The local governments and communities in 12 subproject communes will be responsible for monitoring activities pursuant to Environment Law 2014 and Decree 80/2005/CD-CP regulation on community monitoring. In addition, environmental safeguard officer of the Contractor will be responsible for monitoring and report on daily basis regarding occupational safety and environmental conditions on the construction sites and report to CSC. 164 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Detailed monitoring plan will be included in the construction plans. Budget for monitoring programs is included in implementation costs of ESIA. 7.8.2. Ambient environment monitoring â?– Construction phase Periodical monitoring: The subproject impacts mostly take place in this phase, therefore, the monitoring locations have to be representative for the subproject area so that the environmental impacts can be assessed correctly and serve as baseline data for pollution control during the construction phase. In this phase, the environmental components to be monitored are: water, air, and noise. In addition, the monitoring of wastewater and solid wastes are also required. Environmental monitoring in this phase include: Table 7-7: Environmental monitoring program during construction phase Applicable Implementation Environmental Monitoring Monitoring national responsibility Frequency component location parameter technical regulation Ambient air Measure Every 6 SO2, NOx, QCVN PPMU and sample months CO, TSP, 05:2013/BTNMT at 12 PM10, PM construction 2,5. sites Noise and Measure Every 6 Noise (dBA) QCVN PPMU vibration and sample months 26:2010/BTNMT Vibration at 12 construction sites Surface water Measure Every 6 pH, DO, QCVN 08-MT: PPMU and sample months COD, 2015/BTNMT at 12 BOD5, TSS, construction total N, oil, sites grease, total P, total coliform Table 7-8: Monitoring locations during the construction phase VN2000 Projection. central Environment longitude 105, 6 degree No Reservoir Monitoring locations Symbol components X (m) Y (m) Air quality, Main dam KK1 588730.86 1897905,81 noise Soil mine/Disposal site KK2 588585.09 1898350,31 Vung Mo 1 reservoir Management road, section crossing KK3 589158.84 1897964,92 residential area 165 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) VN2000 Projection. central Environment longitude 105, 6 degree No Reservoir Monitoring locations Symbol components X (m) Y (m) Material piling area KK4 588797.34 1897709,68 Water quality Water in the canal of the NM1 588659.32 1897573,14 reservoir Reservoir water near the construction site of Main NM2 589080.20 1898228,39 dam Air quality, Main dam KK1 593949.20 1896983,48 noise Soil mine KK2 594327.17 1897334,09 Management road KK3 594166.03 1896451,69 Thanh Transportation road, 2 Son section crossing KK4 593567.54 1897018,54 reservoir residential area Water quality Water in the inlet NM1 594237.16 1896875,45 Water in the canal of the NM2 593941.37 1897150,94 reservoir Reservoir water NM3 593386.25 1896917,29 Air quality, Main dam KK1 586009.74 1899050,29 noise Auxiliary dam KK2 586211.55 1898873,16 Management road, section crossing KK3 586211.85 1898873,13 residential area Dap Lang KK4 3 Spillway 586749.93 1899476,07 reservoir Water quality Water in the canal of the reservoir near the NM1 586691.96 1898580,40 Disposal site Reservoir water near the construction site of Main NM2 586322.32 1899028,12 dam Air quality, Main dam KK1 539452.60 1948298,57 noise Soil mine KK2 539584.30 1948490,83 Dong Management road, 4 Suon section crossing KK3 539275.84 1948103,77 residential area reservoir Spillway KK4 539392.96 1947994,07 Water quality Water in the canal of the NM1 539493.96 1948191,52 reservoir 166 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) VN2000 Projection. central Environment longitude 105, 6 degree No Reservoir Monitoring locations Symbol components X (m) Y (m) Reservoir water near the construction site of Main NM2 539299.72 1948295,82 dam Air quality, Main dam KK1 566100.59 1917056,00 noise Inlet KK2 566088.84 1917445,47 Soil mine KK3 566339.46 1917292,32 Disposal site KK4 566188.70 1916962,74 East branch of Long Dai KK5 566251.92 1917143,44 5 Hochiminh road reservoir Water quality Reservoir water near the NM1 566218.47 1917422,04 disposal site Water in the canal of the NM2 556028.94 1917404,10 reservoir Reservoir water near the construction site of Main NM3 556085.13 1917308,12 dam Air quality, Main dam KK1 531822.18 1967111,99 noise Transportation road, section crossing KK2 532054.56 1966804,88 residential area (QL 12 A) Thach KK3 Management road 531694.32 1967317,43 6 Truong reservoir Soil mine KK4 532118.45 1966862,36 Water quality Water in the canal of the NM1 531586.95 1967216,61 reservoir Reservoir water near the construction site of Main NM2 531785.56 1967235,05 dam Air quality, Main dam KK1 538857.36 1967743,81 noise Soil mine KK2 539024.02 1967610,65 Management road KK3 539397.70 1967622,93 Dong Vat Water quality Water in the canal of the 7 reservoir reservoir near the NM1 539080.42 1967758,15 Disposal site Reservoir water near the construction site of Main NM2 538865.10 1967636,75 dam 8 Cay Bom Air quality, Main dam KK1 537200.63 1982846,33 167 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) VN2000 Projection. central Environment longitude 105, 6 degree No Reservoir Monitoring locations Symbol components X (m) Y (m) reservoir noise Disposal site KK2 537497.71 1982783,96 Management road crossing the residential KK3 537262.04 1982536,48 area Transportation road KK4 536973.08 1982778,22 Water quality Water in the canal of the NM1 537267.95 1982797,20 reservoir Reservoir water near the construction site of Main NM2 537008.34 1982888,97 dam Air quality, Main dam KK1 531449.56 1984318,11 noise Soil mine KK2 531626.89 1984114,76 Management road section crossing the KK3 531272.08 1984064,10 Buoi Roi residential area 9 reservoir Water quality Water in the canal of the NM1 531393.14 1984411,09 reservoir Reservoir water near the construction site of Main NM2 531260.89 1983984,33 dam Environmental Incident monitoring: The objective of this monitoring is to assess the pollution level to the soil or water sources due to sudden discharge of wastewater or oil into water sources and soil in the construction areas for timely decision making to control the environmental pollution and reduce environmental risks. An incident monitoring plan will be prepared by CSC in the beginning phase of subproject implementation and submitted to PPMU for approval. This plan will identify the potential environmental risks due to accidents in waste discharge (wastewater and oil) to nearby water sources. This plan will also identify the staff and resources arrangement for this assignment. â?– Operation phase During operation phase, the 09 reservoir systems will be stabilised and there is little or no environmental impact. The environment of the subproject areas will return to the pre-project state – which contains no pollution. As a result, this phase does not require environmental monitoring. However, the reservoir management and operation units have to conduct monitoring program for exploitation and use of reservoir water as follows: - Monitoring parameters: + Water level; + Discharge quantity to maintain minimum flow; + Exploitation volume; 168 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) + Water quality in use. - Monitoring methods: automatic monitoring, online monitoring. Monitoring frequency: Regarding the water quality, data have to be updated into monitoring system within 05 days from the date of results returned. 7.8.3. Dam safety monitoring After storing water and commence dam operation, the dam owners are responsible for monitoring dam safety. This activity will be carried out by competent independent experts, who are not involved in the study, design, construction or operation of the dams. In normal operation, periodic examinations, including safety checks before and after storm seasons, will be conducted pursuant to Decree number 72/2007/ND-CP on Dam safety management. 7.9. Cost estimation Total costs for implementing ESIA are summarised in the following table. The costs of mitigation measures are included in construction costs. Table 7-9: Cost estimation for ESIA monitoring programs and capacity training No Work Cost (VND) 1 Environmental treatment systems 747,000,000 2 Monitoring of ESIA implementation 220,490,000 3 Capacity training programs 90,000,000 Total 1,057,490,000 The following table represents the financial flows of environmental monitoring programs and capacity training for the implementation of the subproject: Table 7-10: Financial sources for ESIA implementation Item Cost Funding (a) Mitigation measures in construction As part of construction contracts WB phase (b) Monitoring safeguard policies during As part of CSC costs construction phase WB (c) PPMU activities in monitoring As part of PPMU operation expenses Counterpart environmental safeguard policies fund (d) Environmental quality monitoring Environmental monitoring expense WB (e) Capacity training for safeguard policies Training expenses WB 169 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Table 7-11 Summary Environmental and Social Management Plan Environmental Location Mitigation Applicable Implementation Monitoring Phase and social Cost for mitigation measure regulations unit unit aspects Preparation phase (pre-construction phase) Land clearance - Only clear the Subproject Cost for compensation and Affected PPMU, DPC, on the acquiring standing areas assistance (included in RAP of households CPC lands vegetation in the the subproject) identified areas - Reuse the plant waste as fuel - Collect all the chopped plants that are not reused to transport to the local wasteland - Replant the vegetation cover as soon as possible to maintain landscape, microclimatic condition, and habitats for animals Acquiring 33 ha Pay All the Land law number Paid by investment owner; The PPMU, District PPMU, CPC of land compensation, affected areas 45/2013/QH13 estimated amount of resettlement and local permanently allowance and and other compensation, assistance and committee community and resettlement (DRC), CPC 170 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Environmental Location Mitigation Applicable Implementation Monitoring Phase and social Cost for mitigation measure regulations unit unit aspects temporarily, support for the applicable resettlement of the subproject is affecting 59 HH affected people regulations 4.589 billion VND and 07 CPC. for their losses of lands and asses. The execution of compensation and assistance will be compliance with the subproject’s Resettlement Action Plan Risks of Create safe All the QCVN + Cost for UXO clearance Investment PPMU unexploded distance and affected areas 01:2012/BQP covered by investment owner, owner ordnances warning to local of the QCVN included in subproject total Quang Binh people in the subproject 02:2008/BCT investment Military Leading process of Force Circular clearing UXO in 146/2007/TT-BQP 07 CPC compliance with QCVN 01:2012/BQP – National technical regulation on UXO clearance, and QCVN 02:2008/BCT – national technical regulation on safety in transporting, use 171 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Environmental Location Mitigation Applicable Implementation Monitoring Phase and social Cost for mitigation measure regulations unit unit aspects and disposal of industrial explosive. Underground After conducting All the QCVN 09-MT: Included in FS cost FS consultant PPMU water pollution geological affected areas 2015 due to surveys, of the geological designing subproject surveys consultant has to cover the holes and restore the surface to reduce impacts of runoff water into the holes Construction phase General and - ECOP All the Applicable laws, Included in construction costs Contractor PPMU site-specific - Mitigation affected areas decrees, circulars ES environmental measures for of the and national consultant and social site-specific subproject, technical impacts SSEO of adverse impacts including regulations contractor related to the construction ESHS guide by construction sites, Independent WBG activities transportation monitoring routes, and consultant soil mines DARD Community monitoring unit Operation phase 172 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Environmental Location Mitigation Applicable Implementation Monitoring Phase and social Cost for mitigation measure regulations unit unit aspects Risk of - Setup signs Reservoir Official document Operation budget of the Dam owner DARD drowning and warning areas on 5675/BGDDT- reservoirs system for GDTC dated dangerous 30/11/2017 places in the reservoir areas - Raise awareness on risk of drowning for local people living nearby Domestic - Minimize all Reservoir Decree Operation budget of the Dam owner DARD wastes from activities area 38/2015/ND-CP reservoirs reservoir generating solid operators and waste and waste tourists water - No littering - Wastes have to be collected and transported to the local wastelands - Wastewater has to be collected in to detention ponds before discharging - If operators regularly present at reservoir area, a self-compost 173 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Environmental Location Mitigation Applicable Implementation Monitoring Phase and social Cost for mitigation measure regulations unit unit aspects toilet has to be constructed Reparation and - Notify the Reservoir and Decree Operation budget of the Dam owner DARD maintenance people living downstream 114/2018/ND-CP reservoirs works that may downstream areas disrupt water about periodical supply maintenance - Conduct repair and maintenance works as fast as possible and at the lowest water demand period Regulating the - Prepare Reservoir and Decree Operation budget of the Dam owner DARD reservoirs, emergency downstream 114/2018/ND-CP reservoirs discharge response plan as areas floods in part of dam storms, safety report affecting the - Management downstream and operation area units of dams have to notify the local people about the flood discharge plans for active response - In high-risk periods, such as storms and heavy rains, 174 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Environmental Location Mitigation Applicable Implementation Monitoring Phase and social Cost for mitigation measure regulations unit unit aspects monitoring staffs have to present regularly at the reservoir to ensure proper monitor and supervision for water regulation - Establish safety corridor for flood water discharge based on impact scenarios; Specific solutions are included in Dam safety report Safety issues - Operating Reservoir and Decree Operation budget of the Dam owner DARD due to natural units of the downstream 114/2018/ND-CP reservoirs hazards reservoirs will areas regularly inspect reservoir safety - Conduct all operating activities in compliance to approved procedure to maintain safety of the reservoirs 175 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Environmental Location Mitigation Applicable Implementation Monitoring Phase and social Cost for mitigation measure regulations unit unit aspects - Operating units have to cooperate closely with CPC and local people to timey notify any risk related to dam safety to apply timely response - Local people and government have to be ready for community- based emergency response plan - Prepare forecast scenarios on impacs of dam break, relocation plan, solutions to protect lives and properties of the local people in emergency. Details are included in Dam Safety Report 176 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Environmental Location Mitigation Applicable Implementation Monitoring Phase and social Cost for mitigation measure regulations unit unit aspects and EPP of the subproject 177 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 8.1. Objectives of Public Information and Consultation Disseminating information to people affected by the project and the involved agencies is an important part in the work of project preparation and implementation. The consultation with affected persons and the active participation of APs will reduce the potential conflict and risk of slowing the project. This allows the project to design a resettlement and rehabilitation program as a general development program, in accordance with the needs and priorities of affected people and therefore, maximizes economic and social efficiency of investment. Objectives of the information and community consultation program include: (i) Ensuring that local competent authorities as well as representatives of affected persons will be involved in the planning and making decisions. The PPMUs will work closely with the district/commune PCs during the sub-project implementation. The participation of affected persons in implementation stage will be continued by requesting each district/commune to invite representatives of affected persons to play as members of the Council/Board of Compensation and Resettlement of the district and participate in resettlement activities (property evaluation, compensation and resettlement and monitoring). (ii) Sharing all information about planned work items and activities of the sub-project with the affected people. (iii) Collecting information on needs and priorities of affected persons as well as receive their response information on planned policies and activities. (iv) Ensuring that affected persons can be informed fully the decisions which directly affect their income and living standard and they have the opportunity to participate in the activities and make decisions about issues directly affecting them. (v) Gaining the cooperation and participation of affected persons and communities in the activities, which are necessary for planning and implementing the resettlement. (vi) Ensuring the transparency in all activities related to land acquisition, compensation, resettlement and restoration. 7.10. Approach and implementation activities Public meetings. During the preparation of ESIA, 2 public consultation had taken place with representatives of local government and local social political groups (CPC, Fatherland’s Front, Women Union, Farmer Union, cadastral officers, cooperative officer) and affected households. Phase 1: ESIA team met project owner, technical consultant and related stakeholders to notify them on safeguard requirements of the subproject, collect useful information for ESIA preparation. The phase 1 consultation was conducted right after environmental and social screening process (January 2018). Phase 2: Consultation phase 2 was conducted after completing the first ESIA draft (March 2018). The ESIA team cooperated with the project owner and feasibility consultant to meet local communities, especially representatives of the affected households to inform them about: - Project objectives and interventions - Potential environmental and social impacts in the construction and operation phases of the project - Proposed mitigations 178 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Phase 2 consultation was conducted after the ESIA draft was completed and disclosed to the subproject communes. Group discussion. 07 group discussions were conducted during the preparation of ESIA in 07 subproject communes. The participants in group discussion include representatives of affected communities, especially the sensitive groups such as vulnerable households. Group discussion was conducted as free, prior and informed consultation. The issues related to environmental and social impacts of the subprojects were presented and discussed publicly and freely. Table 0-1: Number of participants consulted Focus Questionnaire/In- Public Target group group depth interview meeting discussion 1. Affected households (direct, indirect) 150 and representatives of beneficiary households 150 households (59 households (59 affected affected households households and 66 non-affected and 66 non- households) affected 07 FGDs/07 households) 2. Management, operation officials 07 officers/07 communes communes 14 3. Local leaders & Social – political 42 people/07 meetings/07 organizations, village head communes communes 4. Irrigation officers (CPC) 07 officers/07 communes 14 meetings 150 HH and 66 with 150 HHs Total 07 FGDs officers and 66 officers 7.11. Consultation activities and results 7.11.1. Public consultation during ESIA preparation PPMU had issued Official Paper number 09/CV-DAWB8 dated 04/01/2018 to People’s Committees, Fatherland Front Committees of subproject communes (including Thai Thuy, My Thuy, Hien Ninh, Quang Hop, Hung Trach, Quang Lien, Quang Phuong) about consultation on execution of the subproject (Numbers and dates of the official paper sent to 07 communes are summarised in Table 8.1) Consultation contents include: - Consulting the local government and communities on existing conditions of 09 reservoirs in the subproject, existing environmental conditions of the construction areas and construction works; - Consultation on potential impacts in the construction of the works, measures to prevent and mitigate adverse impacts, and incident responses; 179 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - Consultation on environmental management and monitoring plans when executing subproject works. After receiving official paper on consultation on the subproject execution from the PPMU, People’s Committees and Fatherland Front Committees of 07 subproject communes have considered and sent their official responses 7.11.2. Summary on public consultation meetings with affected communities Representatives of PPMU and Environmental Consultant had arranged public consultation meetings with the directly affected communities at Office of People’s Committees of 07 subproject communes in the period from 08/01/2018-10/01/2018. All the meetings were held publicly. Participants in consultation meetings include: representatives of the local government and social, political groups of 07 communes (People’s Committee, Fatherland Front Committee, Women Union, Farmer Union, Cadastral officer, cooperative officer) and households affected by the construction of the subproject. Consultation meeting contents: - PPMU and Environmental Consultant: + Disclosing information on the project “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement (WB8)â€? + Disclosing information on the subproject “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirsâ€?, environmental policies by Law of Environmental Protection Vietnam. + Consulting the local government and communities on existing conditions of 09 reservoirs in the subproject, existing environmental conditions of the construction areas and construction works; + Consultation on potential impacts in the construction of the works, measures to prevent and mitigate adverse impacts, and incident responses; + Consultation on environmental management and monitoring plans when executing subproject works. - People’s Committees and households affected by the construction of the subproject: + Presenting the existing conditions of the reservoirs, environmental quality of the subproject area; + Proposing comments and recommendations regarding the rehabilitation and upgrade of the reservoirs; + Opinions on the potential positive and adverse impacts of the subproject; + Proposing mitigation measures to mitigate the adverse impacts, and measures to prevent and response to incidents. The feedbacks from local government and the affected households in the consultation meetings were documented in written memorandums (Public consultation phase 1 memorandums are attached in Appendix 3) 180 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 7.12. Results of phase 1 consultation 7.12.1. Feedbacks from People’s Committees and project affected units Table 0-2: Feedbacks and recommendation of People’s Committees, Fatherland Front Committees of 07 subproject communes Feedbacks and recommendation of People’s Feedbacks and recommendation of Fatherland No Commune Reservoir Committees Front Committees 1 Thai Thuy Vung Mo - Executive report clearly identifies the impacts and - Fatherland Front Committee of Vinh Chap commune reservoir, Thanh mitigation measures of the subproject for the natural commune agrees with the assessments of potential Son reservoir environment. adverse impacts on the environment and the impacts on households having land acquired, - CPC Thai Thuy commune agrees with contents of the impacts due to dust and noises from material Executive report of the subproject. transportation vehicles, and impacts on social - Requesting the project owner to manage the wastes security and environmental hygiene in the from the subproject pursuant to regulations, preventing construction sites. environmental pollution in the area and in the commune. - Environmental mitigation measures by the subproject - Requesting that the project owner has to compensate proposed in the report are suitable for the commune, if damage roads and infrastructures by construction feasible, able to minimize the impacts on the activities. environment. - In case the construction process of the subproject causes any environmental problems, damages the natural environment and affects the local people, project owner has to take responsibility and resolve the pollution. 2 My Thuy Dap Lang - CPC My Thuy commune agrees with the adverse - The impacts are listed in details. Fatherland Front commune reservoir impacts of the subproject on the environment and Committee completely agrees and has no further socioeconomic state and has no further comment. comment. 181 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Feedbacks and recommendation of People’s Feedbacks and recommendation of Fatherland No Commune Reservoir Committees Front Committees - Executive report has demonstrated the negative - Requesting Project owner and construction units impacts of the subproject on the natural and social strictly conduct the executive methods as proposed. environment; The impacts have been listed sufficiently - and close to actual situations in the town. - Pursuant to regulations of Law on Environmental Protection 2014. - Requesting the project owner to manage the wastes from the subproject pursuant to regulations, preventing environmental pollution in the area and in the commune. 3 Hien Ninh Long Dai - CPC Hien Ninh commune agrees with the adverse - Project owner considers and selects the appropriate commune reservoir impacts and mitigation measures of the subproject for routes and avoid high-traffic time when the natural and socioeconomic environment. However, transporting materials. these impacts should be assessed more specifically to be close to actual situations in the commune. - Fatherland Front Hien Ninh commune supports the - Requesting the subproject to be executed on schedule, subproject and would like the subproject to be avoiding lengthening the adverse impacts on the executed soon in the future. environment, living and production activities of the local people. - Project owner has to conduct all the mitigation measures regarding compensation and resettlement 4 Quang Hop Cay Bom - CPC Quang Hop commune agrees with the - Executive report of the subproject has adequately commune reservoir, Buoi environmental impacts and mitigation measures summarised the impacts on the natural and social Roi reservoir proposed in the Executive report of the subproject. environment. 182 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Feedbacks and recommendation of People’s Feedbacks and recommendation of Fatherland No Commune Reservoir Committees Front Committees - Pursuant to regulations of Law on Environmental - Fatherland Front Committee of Cam Tuyen Protection. commune agrees with the environmental impacts and mitigation measures proposed in Executive - Requesting that all the environmental protection and report of the subproject treatment constructions have to be applied, do not - In case the construction process of the subproject affect the natural environment and local people causes any environmental problems, damages the natural environment and affects the local people, project owner has to take responsibility and resolve the pollution 5 Hung Trach Dong Suon - CPC Hung Trach commune completely supports the - Executive report has presented the adverse impacts commune reservoir solutions proposed by the project owner in the of the subproject to the natural and socioeconomic Executive report. environment in the subproject area during construction and operation phases. - Requesting the project owner strictly conduct the mitigation measures to reduce impact on the - Requesting Project owner and construction units environment, do not affect the natural environment and strictly conduct the executive methods as proposed. living conditions of local people in the subproject area - Fatherland Front Hung Trach commune supports and nearby. the subproject on Dong Suon reservoir. - CPC Hung Trach commune completely supports the subproject and woud like the subproject to be executed soon in the future 6 Quang Lien Thach Truong - Executive report has demonstrated the negative - Fatherland Front Quang Lien commune agrees commune reservoir impacts of the subproject on the natural and social with the listed adverse impacts of the subproject. environment; The impacts have been listed sufficiently - Construction unit has to comply with the proposed and close to actual situations in the town. progress. 183 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Feedbacks and recommendation of People’s Feedbacks and recommendation of Fatherland No Commune Reservoir Committees Front Committees - CPC Quang Lien commune completely completely - Requesting Project owner and construction units supports the solutions proposed by the project owner in strictly conduct the executive methods as proposed. the Executive report. - Requesting that all the environmental protection and treatment constructions have to be applied, do not affect the natural environment and local people 7 Quang Phuong Dong Vat - CPC Quang Phuong agrees with the adverse impacts - Adverse impacts in the subproject execution commune reservoir and mitigation measures of the subproject for the including impacts on the natural environment and natural and socioeconomic environment. the society of the construction area were included - The mitigation measures listed in the reports are totally in the report feasible. - Requesting the subproject to be executed on schedule, - Fatherland Front Quang Phuong commune avoiding lengthening the adverse impacts on the completely agrees with environmental impact assessment proposed in the report. environment, living and production activities of the - In case the construction process of the subproject local people. causes any environmental problems, damages the - Project owner has to commit to fully apply the natural environment and affects the local people, mitigation measures, and to closely cooperate with project owner has to take responsibility and local government to execute the subproject in adequate resolve the pollution. manner. 7.12.2. Feedbacks from representatives of local people directly affected by the subproject Feedbacks from representatives of local people directly affected by the subproject are summarised in the Table below: Table 0-3: Feedbacks from representatives of local people in 07 subproject communes No Commune Reservoir Feedbacks and recommendations 1 Thai Thuy commune Vung Mo reservoir - In the construction phase, the living conditions of people in the subproject area, and - Request to repair the irrigation canals as the system has degraded, cannot meet irrigation requirements 184 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) No Commune Reservoir Feedbacks and recommendations Thanh Son reservoir - Local people and government completely agree with the execution of the subproject 2 My Thuy commune Dap Lang reservoir - Current environmental condition of the subproject area: in good condition, no pollution presents. - Request investment owner and construction units to apply environmental protection measures - During construction phase, if there is any impact on people’s properties, all compensations and allowances should be paid fully and accordingly - Protect the rights and entitlements of local people - The local government and people of My Thuy commune completely agrees with the project 3 Hien Ninh commune Long Dai reservoir - The local people have received information on the subproject as well as information on policies for compensation and allowances for affected households with transparency on applicable policies and compensation prices - The construction process will affect the productive forest. No HH being affected on residential land. - Request project owner to fully implement the compensation and assistance policies for land acquisition and resettlement to all affected households as regulated by the Government of Vietnam - The construction works have to be clear on timing, progress and quality 4 Quang Hop Cay Bom reservoir - Cay Bom reservoir supplies irrigation for 40 ha of productive land; (2 seasons). Some years the irrigation commune and amount was not sufficient. As a result, the local people would like the subproject to be executed soon to Buoi Roi reservoir ensure sufficient irrigation water for production - Project owner has to select the transpotation routes of materials suitable to reduce adverse impacts - Request the project owner to clearly identify the construction progress and quality - Apply all the necessary mitigation measures to minimize environmental impacts on the subproject area 5 Hung Trach Dong Suon reservoir - The implementation of this project will affect some households living near the dam. Request the commune investment owner to pay compensation and assistance for the affected households - The dam body contains lots of large roots. Request investment owner and construction unit to have measures for anti-infiltration effectively 185 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) No Commune Reservoir Feedbacks and recommendations - The local government and people would like the project to be execute in near future to support reservoir and dam safety, as well as provide sufficient water for production - 6 Quang Lien Thach Truong - Current condition of the environment: The reservoir bottom is polluted due to sap of pine trees around the commune reservoir reservoir - The proposed transportation routes have some households living along, but the impacts are small - Request the construction units to restore the East intake to increase viable productive areas; - Request investment owner and construction units to apply the proposed environmental mitigation measures, ensure that the adverse impacts on the ambient environment are minimized. - Quang Lien commune community supports the implementation of the subproject and looking forward to its execution. 7 Quang Phuong Dong Vat reservoir - Request information of the project to be disclosed publicly to all the local people commune - The transportation route crosses the residential areas. Request construction unit to have proper measures, such as cover with thick cloth, avoid transportation during rush hours to reduce impacts on the environment and local people - The construction progress should be disclosed and maintained as planned. Request proper management of construction quality and adverse impacts of the project - People of Quang Phuong commune completely agree and support the project to be executed. 186 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 7.13. Results of the second public consultation Representative of PPMU and environmental consultant had cooperated to hold public meetings with the communities directly affected by the subproject at the office of People’s Committees of 07 communes in the subproject areas in the period from 12/02/2018 to 13/02/2018. The consultation meetings were held publicly. Table 0-4: Second public consultation meetings at 07 subproject communes No Commune Reservoir Time of meeting Thai Thuy Vung Mo reservoir, Thanh 1 8.30 am on 12/01/2018 commune Son reservoir 2 My Thuy commune Dap Lang reservoir 2.15 pm on 12/01/2018 Hien Ninh Long Dai reservoir 3 8.30 am on 12/01/2018 commune Quang Hop Cay Bom reservoir, Buoi Roi 4 2.30pm on 12/01/2018 commune reservoir Hung Trach Dong Suon reservoir 5 8.30 am on 13/01/2018 commune Quang Lien Thach Truong reservoir 6 2.15 pm on 13/01/2018 commune Quang Phuong Dong Vat reservoir 7 8.30 am on 13/01/2018 commune Participants in consultation meetings include: representatives of the local government and social, political groups of 07 communes (People’s Committee, Fatherland Front Committee, Women Union, Farmer Union, Cadastral officer, cooperative officer) and households affected by the construction of the subproject. Consultation meeting contents: - PPMU and environmental consultant: + Disclosing the draft report of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of the subproject + Consulting local government on the contents of the draft report, regarding: current environmental and social conditions, potential impacts when executing the subproject; executive methods of mitigation measures to mitigate the adverse impacts of the subproject and maximise the benefits; Environmental and social management and monitoring plans; the participation of local governments and communities in the execution of the subproject; + Consulting the local government and affected people regarding the execution of the subproject. - People’s Committee of 07 subproject communes and households affected by the subproject: + Proposing comments and feedbacks regarding construction methods; 187 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) + Proposing additional opinions on potential adverse impacts in the subproject execution; + Proposing additional mitigation measures to mitigate adverse impacts and to prevent, resolve incidents. The feedbacks from local governments and the affected households in the consultation meetings were documented in written memorandums. 8.6. Information disclosure According to the World Bank’s policy on access to information, ESIA is disclosed locally in an accessible place and in a form and language understandable to key stakeholders and in Vietnamese particularly at the office of PMU, District PCs, Ward/Commune PCs and the World Bank’s Vietnam Development Information Center (VDIC) in Hanoi before and after it is approved by the Government of Vietnam. The English version of this RPF will be also disclosed at the World Bank Info Shop. Specifically: a) The draft ESIA was locally disclosed to the affected communities and local interest groups for review and feedbacks before conducting the 2nd public consultation. b) After the ESIA is cleared by the WB and approved by Quang Tri PPC, the final report in Vietnamese will be locally disclosed on the project website, at offices of the subproject CPC to ensure easy access for affected people and interest groups, and the English version will be made available on the WB’s external website. 8.7. Commitments of PPMU After consultations with the local government, associations and communities affected by the subproject, the subproject owner has received the comments and feedbacks as mentioned above, and commits to fully conduct all of the mitigation measures for environmental pollution, to seriously implement environmental and social management and monitoring plans (as described in Chapter 7) and to periodically report to responsible authorities. The Subproject owner commits to fully take into account the feedbacks from local governments and residents in subproject areas, commits to minimise the subproject’s impacts on the environment and health of the local people, and to protect entitlements of the local people during subproject implementation. 188 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND COMMITMENTS 1. Conclusions The subproject Dam rehabilitation and safety improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (subproject year 2) is to be conducted in 07 communes, 04 districts of Quang Binh province (Thai Thuy commune, My Thuy (Le Thuy district); Hung Trach commune (Bo Trach district); Hien Ninh (Quang Ninh district); Quang Lien commune, Quang Phuong, Quang Hop (Quang Trach district) is in compliance with water resources scheme, improves safety for people living downstream of the reservoirs, and facilitates socioeconomic development for the local people. Concurrently, the subproject will also strengthen capacity in natural hazard prevention, preparation and mitigation at national, provincial, and local levels. After the subproject enters operation phase, the construction safety will be secured and water storage, flood prevention will also be improved. In addition, due to the resolve of leaked intakes, the irrigation supply for agricultural production and household use will be raised to the initial designed level. The stabilisation of water supply for agricultural production will create opportunities for additional season and expansion of paddy land, thereby increase labor demand for female- suitable-jobs in the areas. On the other hand, the agricultural development will also create opportunities for other sectors, such as agricultural product processing. The stable supply of clean water also creates opportunity for more people to have access to clean and stable water source. Clean water has lower level of metals and coliform than river and well water. As a result, the use of clean water for daily activities will help the local people to avoid diseases, such as skin allergy, digestive problems, diarrhoea,… However, during the construction phase, the project will cause some impacts on the nearby environment and society, such as: Environmental impacts: Air environment: Dust, emissions from construction activities, excavation and filling, from material transportation activities,… will affect the air quality of the areas. However, these impacts only occur in a short period of time. After the construction completes, these impacts will be diminished. Noise, vibration: from construction vehicles and machines. However, since noises are transmitted in the air and reduced as the distance increases, and the subproject areas locate far away from residential areas, the impacts on local people are insignificant. Water environment: Wastewater is mostly produced by construction activities and living activities of construction workers. If wastewater is not collected and treated appropriately, the risk of water pollution is increased. The completion of this subproject will bring the following benefits to these areas: - Improved protection for the local people living in the downstream area; Providing a stable irrigation source for production. - Gradually improving environmental and socioeconomic conditions. Social impacts: 189 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) The adverse impacts of the subproject on the society are unavoidable, however the project owner will cooperated with competent authorities and request the contractors to apply active mitigation measures to mitigate social impacts, apply environmental treatment, environmental and social management and monitoring plans as specifically demonstrated in Chapter 6. The efficiency of mitigation of subproject adverse impacts on the environment and society does not only depend on the project owner but also requires the cooperation from the local communities, local governments, and authorities in general and environmental agencies specifically. Concurrently, changes in awareness toward environmental protection are also required, especially for the people living in the subproject areas. The implementation of this subproject will bring more benefits than adverse impacts on the society: Securing water supply for agricultural production and living activities, creating more jobs and increasing income for the local people, thereby promoting socioeconomic development for the subproject areas. More importantly, the subproject will improve reservoir safety and better flood prevention for the downstream areas, ensure safety of thousands of people living in the downstream areas of the 12 subproject communes. 2. Recommendations - Recommending the environmental protection agencies in Quang Binh province to cooperate with PPMU in the monitoring of mitigation measures, environmental monitoring plan in the preparation, construction and operation phase of the subproject. - Recommending People’s Committees of 12 subproject communes to cooperate in the execution of the communication plan, information disclose, and project execution plan so that the local people will understand and support the subproject. Concurrently, the subproject will raise public awareness on environmental and social issues, fully apply measures to mitigate adverse impacts of the subproject on the environment and society as proposed in ESIA, and propose the suitable policies for economic development after the subproject begins operating. 3. Commitments of Investment owner PPMU commits to fully pursuant to legal basis regarding environmental protection, and fully apply the environmental protection measures as proposed in this report. PPMU commits to fully apply the environmental protection measures, specifically: - Apply mitigation measures for air pollution control to meet QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT and noise level during the construction phase satisfies QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT - Domestic wastewater: ensure collection and treatment in compliance with QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT (B). - Collecting and treating the Solid waste, hazardous waste produced in the construction phase in compliance with hazardous waste management policies as issued with Circular number 36/2011/TT – BTNMT dated 30/06/2014by Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment about regulation on hazardous waste management. - Strictly implementing fire prevention and fire fighting measures throughout the construction phase. 190 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - Be responsible to environmental management agencies of the Central and local governments regarding environmental problems during subproject implementation. - Implementing environmental recovery program after completing the subproject, including: planting trees in soil mine and other areas necessary; Cleaning up the affected roads and canals; Watering and cleaning the construction areas. - Compensating and resolving environmental pollutions in case of environmental accidents occur due to the project execution. - Be responsible for repairing and restoring the management and transportation roads to the local people that have been affected by construction activities. - Ensuring that the construction contractors will be responsible for fixing the damages on the roads caused by the construction process. - Conducting periodical environmental management and monitoring plans; - Air quality, noise: every 6 months with the parameters: temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, dust, and noise. - Surface water: every 3 months with the parameters: temperature, pH, COD, BOD5, DO, SS, and Coliform. - Preparing periodical environmental monitoring report every 6 months and submitting to Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Quang Binh province before the last day of each quarter. 191 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) REFERENCES I. Vietnamese documents 1. Environmental and social policy framework of DRSIP, 2015; 2. IFC, 2010, Guidelines on Environmental – Health – Safety. 3. Feasibility study of the subproject Dam rehabilitation and safety improvement of Quang Binh province, September 2018 4. Quang Binh province’s official website http://www.quangbinh.gov.vn/portal/Pages/default.aspx 5. Lê Thac Can et al., Environmental assessment: methodologies and realistic experience, Science and Technology Publisher, Hanoi, 1994. 6. Hoang Xuan Co, Pham Ngoc Ho, Environmental Assessment, Hanoi National University, 1998. 7. Pham Ngoc Dang, Environmental pollution in urban and industrial areas, Science and Technology Publisher, Hanoi, 1997. 8. Bureau of Statistics, Quang Binh province statistical book 2016, Statistic Publisher. 9. Hien Ninh CPC. 2017. “Report on socioeconomic mission year 2017â€? - number 529/BC-UBND dated 21/12/2017 by Hien Ninh CPC. 10. Quang Phuong CPC. 2017. “Report on implementation of year 2017 plan and socioeconomic development plan for year 2018â€? - number ../BC-UBND dated ../../2017 by Quang Phuong CPC. 11. Hung Trach CPC. 2017. “Report on implementation of year 2017 plan and socioeconomic development plan for year 2018â€? - number 49/BC-UBND dated 21/12/2017 by Hung Trach CPC. 12. Quang Lien CPC. 2017. “Report on implementation results of socioeconomic targets in 2017â€? – number 62/BC-UBND dated 20/12/2017 by Quang Lien CPC. 13. Quang Hop CPC. 2017. “Report on implementation results of socioeconomic targets in 2016-2017â€? – number .../BC-UBND dated ../1/2017 by Quang Hop CPC. 14. Thai Thuy CPC. 2017. “Report on implementation results of socioeconomic targets in 2017â€? – number 282/BC-UBND dated 15/12/2017 by Thai Thuy CPC. 15. My Thuy CPC. 2017. “Report on socioeconomic, national security and safety affairs year 2017â€? - number 22/BC-UBND dated 20/12/2017 by My Thuy CPC. 16. Maps: Subproject area maps Maps on existing conditions and development plans for the subproject areas. II. English documents 1. Environmental Assessment Guidelines, Asian Development Bank, 2003. 2. Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume II, Sectoral Guidelines, Environment, World Bank, Washington D.C, 1991 3. P.A. Economopolous, Assessment of Sources of Water, Solid, Air and Land Pollution Sources, WHO, Geneva, 1993. 192 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) APPENDICES Appendix 1: Contents and cost estimation for capacity training Appendix 2: Cost estimation for environmental treatment systems Appendix 3: Consultation memorandums Appendix 4: Photographs of field study and consultation Appendix 5: Sampling locations for monitoring environmental quality Appendix 6: Results of existing environmental quality monitoring 193 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) APPENDIX 1: COST ESTIMATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL TREATMENT SYSTEMS Cost (million No Treatment system Quantity VND) Domestic rubbish bins 200 L (02 units x 09 1 18 units 18 works) Waste oil container 100L 2 9 units 4,5 (01 unit x 09 works) Sectioned container for storing hazardous 3 wastes 9 units 4,5 (01 unit x 09 works) 3-compartment septic toilets 4 9 toilets 45 (1 toilet x 09 works) 5 Fire extinguisher (10 units x 09 works) 90 units 90 6 Traffic and warning signs (1 set x 09 works) 09 sets 9 Work safety equipment (50 workers x 09 7 450 sets 450 works) Pumps 8 18 pumps 54 (02 pumps x 09 works) Electrical generator 9 18 units 72 (02 units x 09 works) Total 747 194 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) APPENDIX 2: ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MONITORING COSTS Table 1: Monitoring locations VN2000 Projection. central Environment longitude 105, 6 degree No Reservoir Monitoring locations Symbol components X (m) Y (m) Air quality, Main dam KK1 588730.86 1897905,81 noise Soil mine/Disposal site KK2 588585.09 1898350,31 Management road, section crossing KK3 589158.84 1897964,92 residential area Vung Mo 1 Material piling area KK4 588797.34 1897709,68 reservoir Water quality Water in the canal of the NM1 588659.32 1897573,14 reservoir Reservoir water near the construction site of Main NM2 589080.20 1898228,39 dam Air quality, Main dam KK1 593949.20 1896983,48 noise Soil mine KK2 594327.17 1897334,09 Management road KK3 594166.03 1896451,69 Thanh Transportation road, 2 Son section crossing KK4 593567.54 1897018,54 reservoir residential area Water quality Water in the inlet NM1 594237.16 1896875,45 Water in the canal of the NM2 593941.37 1897150,94 reservoir Reservoir water NM3 593386.25 1896917,29 Air quality, Main dam KK1 586009.74 1899050,29 noise Auxiliary dam KK2 586211.55 1898873,16 Management road, section crossing KK3 586211.85 1898873,13 residential area Dap Lang Spillway KK4 586749.93 1899476,07 3 reservoir Water quality Water in the canal of the reservoir near the NM1 586691.96 1898580,40 Disposal site Reservoir water near the construction site of Main NM2 586322.32 1899028,12 dam Air quality, Main dam KK1 539452.60 1948298,57 Dong 4 noise Suon Soil mine KK2 539584.30 1948490,83 195 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) VN2000 Projection. central Environment longitude 105, 6 degree No Reservoir Monitoring locations Symbol components X (m) Y (m) reservoir Management road, section crossing KK3 539275.84 1948103,77 residential area Spillway KK4 539392.96 1947994,07 Water quality Water in the canal of the NM1 539493.96 1948191,52 reservoir Reservoir water near the construction site of Main NM2 539299.72 1948295,82 dam Air quality, Main dam KK1 566100.59 1917056,00 noise Inlet KK2 566088.84 1917445,47 Soil mine KK3 566339.46 1917292,32 Disposal site KK4 566188.70 1916962,74 East branch of Long Dai KK5 566251.92 1917143,44 5 Hochiminh road reservoir Water quality Reservoir water near the NM1 566218.47 1917422,04 disposal site Water in the canal of the NM2 556028.94 1917404,10 reservoir Reservoir water near the construction site of Main NM3 556085.13 1917308,12 dam Air quality, Main dam KK1 531822.18 1967111,99 noise Transportation road, section crossing KK2 532054.56 1966804,88 residential area (QL 12 A) Thach KK3 Management road 531694.32 1967317,43 6 Truong reservoir Soil mine KK4 532118.45 1966862,36 Water quality Water in the canal of the NM1 531586.95 1967216,61 reservoir Reservoir water near the construction site of Main NM2 531785.56 1967235,05 dam Air quality, Main dam KK1 538857.36 1967743,81 Dong Vat noise 7 Soil mine KK2 539024.02 1967610,65 reservoir Management road KK3 539397.70 1967622,93 196 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) VN2000 Projection. central Environment longitude 105, 6 degree No Reservoir Monitoring locations Symbol components X (m) Y (m) Water quality Water in the canal of the reservoir near the NM1 539080.42 1967758,15 Disposal site Reservoir water near the construction site of Main NM2 538865.10 1967636,75 dam Air quality, Main dam KK1 537200.63 1982846,33 noise Disposal site KK2 537497.71 1982783,96 Management road crossing the residential KK3 537262.04 1982536,48 area Cay Bom 8 Transportation road KK4 536973.08 1982778,22 reservoir Water quality Water in the canal of the NM1 537267.95 1982797,20 reservoir Reservoir water near the construction site of Main NM2 537008.34 1982888,97 dam Air quality, Main dam KK1 531449.56 1984318,11 noise Soil mine KK2 531626.89 1984114,76 Management road section crossing the KK3 531272.08 1984064,10 Buoi Roi residential area 9 reservoir Water quality Water in the canal of the NM1 531393.14 1984411,09 reservoir Reservoir water near the construction site of Main NM2 531260.89 1983984,33 dam Table 2: Environmental quality monitoring cost Timing/number Unit price No Work content Unit Quantity (,) Cost of monitoring A Monitoring parameter 208,590,000 1 Air quality 123,550,000 - Temperature Sample 35 2 16,500 1,155,000 - Humidity Sample 35 2 16,500 1,155,000 - Wind speed and direction Sample 35 2 34,000 2,380,000 - Dust Sample 35 2 585,000 40,950,000 - SOâ‚‚ Sample 35 2 371,000 25,970,000 197 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) - CO Sample 35 2 308,000 21,560,000 - NOâ‚‚ Sample 35 2 315,000 22,050,000 - Noise Sample 35 2 119,000 8,330,000 2 Water quality 85,040,000 - pH Sample 20 4 42,000 3,360,000 - DO Sample 20 4 82,000 6,560,000 - COD Sample 20 4 198,000 15,840,000 - BOD5 Sample 20 4 199,000 15,920,000 - SS Sample 20 4 124,000 9,920,000 - Coliform Sample 20 4 418,000 33,440,000 B Other costs 11,900,000 - Reports Report 19 1 500,000 9,500,000 Lump- - Stationary costs 1 9 300,000 2,400,000 sum Total 220,490,000 Remarks: The cost estimation is prepared based on monitoring prices for ambient air, surface water, soil, underground water applicable in Quang Binh province, issued with Decision number 453/QD-UBND dated 03/03/2014 by the PPC. 198 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) APPENDIX 3: CONSULTATION MEMORANDUMS 199 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) APPENDIX 4: FIELD STUDY AND CONSULTATION PHOTOGRAPHS 1. Vung Mo reservoir, Thanh Son reservoir - Thai Thuy commune - Le Thuy district Main dam Vung Mo reservoir Downstream face Main dam Vung Mo reservoir Taking air sample Management road Vung Mo Taking water sample Vung Mo reservoir reservoir Public meeting at the CPC 200 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 2. Dap Lang reservoir - My Thuy commune - Le Thuy district Main dam Upstream face Main dam Taking air sample Main dam Taking reservoir water sample Public meeting at the CPC 201 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 3. Dong Suon reservoir- Hung Trach commune - Bo Trach district Main dam Spillway Taking air sample Management road Taking reservoir water sample Interviewing a local household Public meeting at the CPC 202 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 4. Long Dai reservoir - Hien Ninh commune - Quang Ninh district Main dam Downstream face Main dam Taking air sample Main dam Taking reservoir water sample Public meeting at the CPC 203 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 5. Thach Truong reservoir - Quang Lien commune - Quang Trach district Dam top Downstream face Taking air sample Main dam Taking reservoir water sample Public meeting at the CPC 204 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 6. Dong Vat reservoir - Quang Phuong commune - Quang Trach district Main dam Management road Taking air sample Main dam Taking soil sample Taking underground water sample Taking reservoir water sample Public meeting at the CPC 205 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) 7. Cay Bom reservoir, Buoi Roi reservoir - Quang Hop commune - Quang Trach district Main dam Cay Bom reservoir Spillway of Cay Bom reservoir Taking reservoir water sample Buoi Roi Taking air sample Buoi Roi reservoir reservoir Public meeting at the CPC 206 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) APPENDIX 5: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LOCATIONS Figure 1: Location for environmental quality monitoring Vung Mo reservoir - construction phase 207 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Figure 2: Location for environmental quality monitoring Thanh Son reservoir - construction phase 208 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Figure 3: Location for environmental quality monitoring Dap Lang reservoir - construction phase 209 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Figure 4: Location for environmental quality monitoring Dong Suon reservoir- construction phase 210 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Figure 5: Location for environmental quality monitoring Long Dai reservoir - construction phase 211 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Figure 6: Location for environmental quality monitoring Thach Truong reservoir - construction phase 212 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Figure 7: Location for environmental quality monitoring Dong Vat reservoir - construction phase 213 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Figure 8: Location for environmental quality monitoring Cay Bom reservoir - construction phase 214 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Figure 9: Location for environmental quality monitoring Buoi Roi reservoir - construction phase 215 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) APPENDIX 6: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING RESULTS Table 1. Air and noise monitoring results Conditions of air environment Microclimate Air quality Noise level (dBA) No Reservoir Sample Temperature Humidity Wind Temperature Humidity Wind Temperature Humidity Wind Temperature Humidity (ËšC) (%) direction (ËšC) (%) direction (ËšC) (%) direction (ËšC) (%) KK1 18.1 83.2 NW 2.8 21 1.240 12 11.8 47.6 64.3 37.4 KK2 19.2 82.6 NW 3.2 37 1.290 13.5 13.8 68.2 70.5 56.8 1 Vung Mo reservoir KK3 19.5 81.0 NW 2.8 31.5 2.480 14 12.9 48.4 72.6 44.5 KK4 19.3 82.0 NW 2.9 33 2.120 13.8 13.3 59.3 71.4 13.3 KK1 19.1 79.2 NW 2.9 23 1.520 12.6 11.5 51.3 63.3 38.4 Thanh Son KK2 18.5 81.2 NW 3.1 39 1.450 14.5 13.9 65.2 70.5 53.8 2 reservoir KK3 19.8 81.4 NW 2.5 34 2.550 13 14.6 53.4 68.6 46.5 KK4 18.2 82.5 NW 3.1 32.5 2.120 12.5 13.6 57.4 68.3 51.5 KK1 18.1 82.3 NW 3.9 21 1.440 15 11 48.6 65.3 37.4 Dap Lang KK2 17.5 85.6 NW 3.1 41 1.380 17 14 65.2 71.5 57.8 3 reservoir KK3 18.5 84.5 NW 2.7 23 1.920 16 13.5 49.4 68.5 42.1 KK4 18.0 85.0 NW 3.5 35 2.450 16.5 15 53.5 72.6 44.5 QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT (1h) - - - - 300 30,000 200 350 - - - QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT - - - - - - - - 70 (6h-21h) Source: ISC (Sampled and analysed January 9th, 2018) Remarks: - QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on ambient air quality - (*): QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on noise; “-“ Not specified. Table 2: Air and noise monitoring results (cont.) 216 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Conditions of air environment Microclimate Air quality Noise level (dBA) No Reservoir Sample Temperature Humidity Wind Temperature Humidity Wind Temperature Humidity Wind Temperature Humidity (ËšC) (%) direction (ËšC) (%) direction (ËšC) (%) direction (ËšC) (%) KK1 18.1 81.1 NW 2.5 19 1.340 14 11.5 45.6 61.3 39.4 KK2 18.2 83.6 NW 3.1 38 1.490 16 12.8 62.2 69.5 53.8 4 Dong Suon reservoir KK3 18.5 84.0 NW 2.9 32 2.590 15 13 47.4 71.6 43.5 KK4 17.9 82.5 NW 2.7 21 1.830 13.5 12.5 52.5 66.5 43.1 KK1 19.1 83.1 NW 2.7 19 1.140 12.2 13.1 45.5 63.3 39.4 KK2 20.2 84.6 NW 3.1 36 1.390 14.5 14.8 65.2 68.5 55.8 5 Long Dai reservoir KK3 18.5 83.0 NW 2.8 25.5 1.573 12.5 11.5 51.2 66.5 41.1 KK4 19.4 84.5 NW 2.8 29.5 2.342 14.3 13.3 55.3 68.4 48.5 KK5 19.5 82.5 NW 2.7 32.5 2.630 13.1 13.9 55.5 71.6 46.5 KK1 19.8 80.2 NW 2.7 18 1.440 13.2 12.1 46.5 63.3 38.4 Thach Truong KK2 19.2 82.6 NW 2.9 33 1.230 14.7 14.2 61.2 69.5 55.8 6 reservoir KK3 18.6 81.0 NW 2.4 33.5 2.730 13.4 13.4 52.2 67.6 45.5 KK4 18.9 81.9 NW 2.8 24.5 1.673 12.3 12.7 53.5 67.5 42.1 QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT (1h) - - - - 300 30,000 200 350 - - - QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT (6h-21h) - - - - - - - - 70* Source: ISC (Sampled and analysed January 9th, 2018) Remarks: - QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on ambient air quality - (*): QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on noise; “-“ Not specified. Table 3: Air and noise monitoring results (cont.) No Reservoir Sample Conditions of air environment 217 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Microclimate Air quality Noise level (dBA) Temperature Humidity Wind Temperature Humidity Wind Temperature Humidity Wind Temperature Humidity (ËšC) (%) direction (ËšC) (%) direction (ËšC) (%) direction (ËšC) (%) KK1 19.1 83.2 NW 3.1 21 1.540 12.7 11.5 44.6 62,3 40,4 7 Dong Vat reservoir KK2 18.2 82.6 NW 3.2 33 1.680 14.7 12.8 63.2 67,5 54,8 KK3 18.5 81.0 NW 2.9 35 2.660 13.8 13 54.4 70,6 45,5 KK1 20.1 79.2 NW 2.8 21 1.480 13.5 12.5 49.6 61,3 42,4 KK2 19.5 81.3 NW 3.1 41 1.490 14.1 14.8 65.2 69,5 56,8 8 Cay Bom reservoir KK3 20.5 82.0 NW 2.9 31 2.690 13.3 13.1 54.4 70,6 42,5 KK4 20.7 81.6 NW 3.0 35 2.730 13.7 13.5 63.2 71,4 57,1 KK1 19.1 83 NW 2.9 19 1.330 12.3 11.8 45.6 65,3 39,4 KK2 19.2 82.6 NW 3.4 34 1.580 14.5 13.8 65.2 71,5 49,8 9 Buoi Roi reservoir KK3 19.5 84.2 NW 3.8 29.5 2.340 13.8 12.9 46.4 70,6 44,5 KK4 18.9 85.5 NW 2.8 21.5 1.753 12.5 12.2 52.5 62,5 43,1 QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT (1h) - - - - 300 30,000 200 350 - - - QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT - - - - - - - - 70* (6h-21h) Source: ISC (Sampled and analysed January 9th, 2018) Remarks: - QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on ambient air quality - (*): QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on noise; “-“ Not specified. 218 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Table 4: Surface water quality results Reservoir QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT No Parameter Unit Vung Mo Thanh Son Dap Lang Dong Suon Long Dai (column B1) NM1 NM2 NM1 NM2 NM3 NM1 NM2 NM1 NM2 NM1 NM2 NM3 1 pH - 7.2 7.5 7.5 8.0 8.0 6.8 7.0 7.0 7.4 7.5 7.0 7.5 5.5 - 9 2 BOD5 mg/l 6.5 11.5 6.3 12.4 14.5 6 13.5 7.2 12.5 7.1 8.9 12.5 15 3 COD mg/l 8.6 19.5 8.3 18.9 23.1 9.0 21.5 10.0 19.5 10.1 13.5 19.5 30 4 DO mg/l 5.2 6.3 6.5 5.7 5.32 6.1 5.2 5.1 5.8 5.5 5.8 6.6 ≥4 5 TSS mg/l 31 37.5 32 36 45 31 41 29 39 30.5 34.6 38.5 50 6 Total P mg/l 0.19 0.31 0.23 0.24 0.30 0.25 0.31 0.22 0.32 0.16 0.23 0.29 - 7 Total N mg/l 2.4 3.7 3.15 3.23 4.1 3.2 4.0 2.8 3.9 2.2 2.8 3.4 - 8 Amoni mg/l 0.39 0.52 0.29 0.32 0.55 0.3 0.65 0.4 0.55 0.35 0.41 0.47 0.9 9 Nitrat mg/l 3.1 4.2 2.5 3.12 3.85 2.1 3.9 2.4 3.5 3.2 3.8 4.5 10 10 As mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.05 11 Hg mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.001 12 Zn mg/l 0.18 0.42 0.25 0.32 0.56 0.24 0.55 0.19 0.45 0.21 0.31 0.45 1.5 14 Fe mg/l 0.14 0.27 0.16 0.25 0.36 0.14 0.33 0.12 0.29 0.13 0.19 0.25 1.5 15 Total Cr mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.5 16 Coliform MPN/100 ml 2,350 3,799 2,873 3,234 3,590 3,201 3,809 2,570 3,209 2,650 3,149 3,521 7,500 Source: ISC (Sampled and analysed January 9th, 2018) Remarks: QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT column B1: For irrigation or other purposes with similar requirements of water quality, or the purposes of B2; - “NDâ€?: Not detected; - “*â€? : Exceed the approved limit 219 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Table 5: Surface water quality results (cont.) Reservoir QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT No Parameter Unit Thach Truong Dong Vat Cay Bom Buoi Roi (column B1) NM1 NM2 NM1 NM2 NM1 NM2 NM1 NM2 1 pH - 7,0 7,5 7,5 8,0 7,5 7,8 7,0 7,5 5,5 - 9 2 BOD5 200C) mg/l 7,4 13,5 8,2 14,5 7,1 14,2 6,9 12,1 15 3 COD mg/l 9,2 22,5 10,1 23,8 10,2 24,7 9,8 22,5 30 4 DO mg/l 5,2 6,4 4,9 6,2 5,12 5,67 5,21 6,32 ≥4 5 TSS mg/l 32,5 39,5 26 35 28 36,5 32 38,5 50 6 Total P mg/l 0,14 0,27 0,2 0,33 0,24 0,39 0,18 0,32 - 7 Total N mg/l 2,12 3,24 2,84 3,92 2,82 3,91 2,52 3,73 - 8 Amoni mg/l 0,36 0,48 0,42 0,51 0,41 0,52 0,38 0,49 0,9 9 Nitrat mg/l 3,43 4,67 2,43 3,56 2,23 3,52 3,11 4,25 10 10 As mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0,05 11 Hg mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0,001 12 Zn mg/l 0,24 0,41 0,16 0,39 0,22 0,39 0,21 0,38 1,5 13 Fe mg/l 0,11 0,23 0,13 0,27 0,13 0,3 0,12 0,24 1,5 14 Total Crom mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0,5 15 Coliform MPN/100 ml 2.950 3.821 2.350 3.709 2.670 3.609 2.750 3.963 7.500 Source: ISC (Sampled and analysed January 9th, 2018) Remarks: QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT column B1: For irrigation or other purposes with similar requirements of water quality, or the purposes of B2; - “NDâ€?: Not detected; - “*â€? : Exceed the approved limit 220 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Table 6: Underground water quality results Reservoir QCVN 09- No Parameter Unit Vung Mo Thanh Son Dap Lang Dong Suon Long Dai MT:2015/BTNMT NN1 NN2 NN1 NN2 NN1 NN2 NN1 NN2 NN1 NN2 1 pH - 7.0 7.3 6.5 7.7 7.0 7.2 7.2 7.5 7.0 7.5 5.5 - 8.5 2 TSS mg/l 2.5 3.1 2.34 2.78 2.1 2.9 2.3 2.95 2.63 3.34 - 3 Hardness CaCO3 mg/l 86 92 79 86 88 91 81 89 81 89 500 4 Nitrat (NO3- as N) mg/l 0.63 0.79 0.16 0.22 0.75 0.81 0.99 0.85 0.85 0.91 15 5 Amoni mg/l 0.08 0.15 0.11 0.15 0.05 0.09 0.09 0.13 0.11 0.19 1 6 Clorua mg/l 35 41 32 41 29 35 31 37 33 39 250 7 As (Asen) mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.05 8 Cd mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.005 9 Chì (Pb) mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.01 10 Cu mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1 11 Zn mg/l 0.22 0.35 0.16 0.29 0.19 0.25 0.21 0.27 0.24 0.32 3 12 Hg mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.001 13 Fe mg/l 1.89 2.43 1.92 2.57 1.8 2.6 1.75 2.76 1.76 2.53 5 14 Coliform MPN/100 ml ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 3 Source: ISC (Sampled and analysed January 9th, 2018) Remarks: QCVN 09-MT:2015/BTNMT: National technical regulation for underground water quality; “NDâ€?: Not detected 221 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Table 7: Underground water quality results (cont.) Reservoir QCVN 09- No Parameter Unit Thach Truong Dong Vat Cay Bom Buoi Roi MT:2015/BTNMT NN1 NN2 NN1 NN2 NN1 NN2 NN1 NN2 1 pH - 7.0 8.0 7.0 7.2 7.5 8.0 7.2 7.5 5.5 - 8.5 2 SS mg/l 2.53 3.24 2.45 2.85 2.32 2.94 2.42 3.32 - 3 Hardness CaCO3 mg/l 75 84 84 91 79 91 81 90 500 4 Nitrat (NO-3 as N) mg/l 0.52 0.61 0.72 0.84 1.2 1.32 0.69 0.87 15 5 Amoni mg/l 0.16 0.21 0.12 0.16 0.1 0.14 0.08 0.14 1 6 Clorua mg/l 32.6 42 34 41 32 39 31 39 250 7 As (Asen) mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.05 8 Cd mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.005 9 Chì (Pb) mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.01 10 Cu mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1 11 Zn mg/l 0.27 0.36 0.23 0.31 0.24 0.31 0.21 0.33 3 12 Hg mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.001 13 Fe mg/l 1.86 2.61 1.85 2.96 1.78 2.79 1.69 2.39 5 14 Coliform MPN/100 ml ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 3 Source: ISC (Sampled and analysed January 9th, 2018) Remarks: QCVN 09-MT:2015/BTNMT: National technical regulation for underground water quality; “NDâ€?: Not detected; 222 ESIA report for subproject Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement for Quang Binh province reservoirs (Subproject year 2) Table 11: Soil quality monitoring result Parameters No Reservoir Symbol Pb Cd Zn Cu Cr As (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) 1 Vung Mo D1 0.21 0.085 7.9 2.8 21 ND 2 Thanh Son D1 0.12 0.061 7.6 3.1 24 ND 3 Dap Lang D1 0.09 0.052 8.1 2.3 21 ND 4 Dong Suon D1 0.15 0.079 8.5 2.9 23 ND 5 Long Dai D1 0.22 0.075 8.1 2.5 26 ND 6 Thach Truong D1 0.29 0.089 8.5 3.1 31 ND 7 Dong Vat D1 0.18 0.095 7.8 2.94 25 ND 8 Cay Bom D1 0.19 0.080 8.7 2.65 24 ND 9 Buoi Roi D1 0.26 0.082 7.4 3.2 27 ND QCVN 03-MT:2015/ 70 1,5 200 100 150 15 BTNMT (Agricultural soil) Source: ISC (Sampled and analysed January 9th, 2018) Remark: QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT: National technical regulation on approved limits of some heavy metals in soil; “NDâ€?: Not detected.. 223