E801 V. 4 August 2003 THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF ViET NAM MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT CENTRAL PROJECT OFFICE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR ViET NAM WATER RESOURCES ASSISTANCE PROJECT VOLUME 2: REPORT No. 3: DRAFT FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF KE Go SUB-PROJECT PREPARED BY GEC GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS LTD. AND CENTER FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR LIFE AND PRODUCTION APRIL 2003 z E m I7 2 THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT CENTRAL PROJECT OFFICE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR VIET NAM WATER RESOURCES ASSISTANCE PROJECT VOLUME 2: REPORT No. 3: DRAFT FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF KE Go SUB-PROJECT PREPARED BY GEC GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS LTD. AND CENTER FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR LIFE AND PRODUCTION APRIL 2003 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report is a draft Environmental Impact Assessment for the Ke Go Sub-Project prepared as part of overall preparation of the Viet Nam Water Resources Assistance Project (VWRAP). This draft EIA was prepared with the configurations of the Ke Go Sub-Project as conceived, designed, and described in documents and information provide by the Consultant to the EIA Consultant as of 31 March 2003, supplemented by secondary data obtained by the EIA Consultant in documents, maps, interviews with local officials, and other similar sources. This EIA has been prepared in accordance with the national legal, policy, and regulatory requirements for environmental management and protection in Viet Nam as well as the various relevant IDA operational safeguard policies. Summary of Ke Go Sub-Project Description The Ke Go Sub-Project is located in Cam Xuyen and Thach Ha Districts of Ha Tinh Province in north central Viet Nam (Figure 2). The Ke Go Reservoir is located in Cam Xuyen District approximately 20 km south of Ha Tinh Town and serves an area north and east of the Reservoir. The Ke Go Sub-Project includes the following components: * A conduit flood discharge spillway (under the main dam) with a-design discharge of 320 m3/sec and a crest elevation 26.5 m; An intake sluice, designed for 320 m3/sec, under the main dam, and intended to be used for providing water to the hydropower station (see below) and for irrigation; . An emergency flood spillway, located in a saddle between the main dam and the Doc Mieu spillway; e A 17 km long main canal designed to irrigate 21,136 ha and with a design discharge of 28.2 m3/sec; and * A total of nine primary canals, designated Ni to N9, running more or less parallel to the coastline, and equipped with various water control structures. Because of insufficient maintenance, engineering works have degraded rapidly and seriously in recent years. Seepage through the body and foundation of the dams has been an ongoing problem. Dam toe seepage may reduce dam strength as well as create an artificial wetland environment immediately downstream of the dam. In addition, the conduit spillway experiences significant leakage through the conduit joints, resulting in approximately 200 I/s inundating the inspection barrel. The problem of conduit leakage was addressed in 1991 and 1993 and involved grouting and covering the joints with steel plates but these remedial measures had no positive effect. The canal system has experienced ongoing problems of erosion, siltation, and canal seepage, and the canal regulating structures have been poorly maintained and are now in poor condition. A 2,100 kW hydropower station was constructed and operational from 1986 to mid-1988. A number of problems were incurred during the operation of the station, which unacceptably impacted upon the end use of the water for irrigation (e.g. contamination of irrigation with hydraulic oils and unacceptable leakage through conduit joints). Inadequate maintenance of the hydraulic, electrical and mechanical equipment led to the scheme being abandoned in less than three years of operation. The equipment is still at the site but in a dilapidated condition. The overall objectives of the Ke Go Sub-Project are to: . Upgrade the existing irrigation scheme; o Improve reliability, flexibility, and effectiveness of the irrigation system; . Reduce the cost of operation and maintenance; e Enable the scheme to satisfy all reasonable water needs by supplying a sufficient quantity of water at the required times of the year; and * Create the conditions for sustainable socioeconomic development using the application of modern design, engineering, and irrigation system management technologies. This will be achieved by modernization of technical infrastructure from the headworks to the farm fields and by modemization of the management system for the entire Irrigation Scheme. Modernization of the Ke Go Irrigation Scheme is intended to support the shift in the use of the reservoir from that of largely supplying water for agricultural purposes to an integrated water use scheme, supplying water to support: . A 19% increase in the water supply for agriculture; * Surplus water supply, up to 52.4 million m3/yr, for municipal and industrial use (at frequency 75%, total water availability volume will be 320 million m3/yr, with agricultural water requirement (in year 2010) estimated at 267.6 million m3/yr'; and Increase supply of domestic water to rural residents throughout the Sub-Project through increasing supply of water in the canal system. The Ke Go Sub-Project will have a phased approach to modemization. This means that Ke Go Sub-Project investments will be grouped into two 'phases". The first phase will include the finalized dam safety review, rehabilitation works for the dams, rehabilitation works for main and primary canals and rehabilitation works and modemization for two pilot areas representing about 20% of the command area. The second phase will include expanding the experiences gained through pilot testing to remaining 80% of the command area. Main Conclusions of Impact Assessment The Ke Go Sub-Project is environmentally feasible. The Sub-Project will have a number of significant positive benefits: . Increase in beneficiary income and reduction of poverty throughout the command area through improved and reliable water supply for agricultural production; and • Increases in employment and labor in a region with very high levels of unemployment and underemployment. All of the potentially significant environmental impacts identified in the impact assessment can be mitigated and they are described below. These conclusions apply to both phases of investments for the Ke Go Sub-Project. At this time, it is concluded that no separate environmental assessment is required for the second phase of investments. Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan The Environmental Management Plan for the Ke Go Sub-Project consists of an environmental mitigation program and an environmental monitoring program. The environmental mitigation program consists of: . Proper management and disposal of dredged and excavated soils to minimize degradation of water quality; . Proper environmental management of construction worker camps, including minimization of disruption to local residents from construction activities to limit localized environmental degradations and disturbance to local communities; . Implementation of a comprehensive resettlement and compensation action plan; . Environmental review of provincial aquaculture program and implementation of environmental action plan to mitigate incremental effects of incremental coastal aquaculture that arises as a result of the Sub-Project . Maximization of employment opportunities for local residents to take full benefit of the employment opportunities created by the Sub-Project; . Implementation of a Emergency Preparedness Plan for managing Ke Go Dam flood safety risk; . Prevention of disruption to designated cultural and historical sites; and . Extension of the local provincial program for IPM to command area beneficiaries to prevent possible degradation of aquatic resources from increased use of fertilizer and pesticides. An important environmental mitigation will be the minimization of disruption to water users during canal lining. Improper timing of the construction activities associated with canal reinforcement will negatively affect water supply to farmers downstream. On the one hand, construction of canal reinforcements in the dry season can proceed very quickly, but water supply needs to be turned off during the construction periods; the dry season is the season when water supply via the irrigation scheme is most critical. On the other hand, water supply to the farmers via the irrigation scheme is not as critical in the rainy season and yet construction is much more problematic and expensive given the larger amounts of water in the system at that time. It will be necessary to develop rigid construction timetables for main and primary canal reinforcement to minimize disruption to the beneficiaries and at the same time have efficient implementation of this part of the Sub-Project. In addition, consultation with all affected parties will be required in order to reach agreement on how canal lining will proceed. The recommended environmental monitoring activities are: . Compliance monitoring of the environmental mitigation program; Domestic water supply for Ha Tinh Town comes from the Boc Nguyen Reservoir, operated separately from the Ke Go Reservoir. . Surface and groundwater quality monitoring program to assess incremental effects of sedimentation, erosion, and fertilizer and pesticide use; and . Effects monitoring for effectiveness of coastal aquaculture mitigation program. The total cost of the Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan is US $349,113, consisting of US $167,206 for the environmental mitigation program and US $181,907 for the environmental mitigation compliance monitoring and environmental effects monitoring programs. Institutions Responsible for Implementing the Ke Go EMP The Ke Go EMP will be implemented within a comprehensive organizational framework under the overall VWRAP Project. VWRAP will engage several ministries, departments, and institutes, it will create a project management unit within MARD in Ha Noi (PMU) and Sub-Project Implementation Units (SlUs) in each province, and there will be numerous linkages between these institutions and numerous other existing institutions at the national, provincial, district, and commune levels (This assumes a decentralized modality for Sub-Project implementation and will need to be modified if a more traditional, centralized modality for Sub-Project implementation is selected. Under either modality, VWRAP PMU can be either CPO or another unit set up or designated by MARD). The following institutions will be responsible for the successful implementation of the Ke Go Environmental Management Plan: VWRAP PMU - responsible for overall VWRAP implementation management and will contain environmental safeguard staff. VWRAP PMU will be responsible for overall quality assurance of EMP implementation. Ke Go Sub-Project SIU - staffed by personnel from Ha Tinh DARD and Ha Tinh IMC, and will be responsible for daily implementation activities of the Ke Go Sub-Project. As a consequence, it will supervise and control the quality of construction and physical implementation of the Ke Go Sub-Project EMP Vietnamese Environmental Regulators - MoNRE and Ha Tinh DoSTE will be responsible for all regulatory reviews and approvals of the Ke Go Sub-Project in accordance with the national legal framework for environmental protection and management. Ha Tinh Provincial Organizations - Other Ha Tinh provincial departments will have important responsibilities such as implementing specific components of the mitigation program (IPM), ensuring their particular safeguards are being properly implemented (i.e. DoCI) and providing supplementary and secondary data to assist in the implementation of the Ke Go EMP (e.g., land use and commodity production data). IDA - IDA will review the implementation of the EMP. Problems and issues that are identified will be raised to MARD as part of the regular Ke Go Sub-Project review process. Environmental Safeguard Contractors - An Environmental Safeguard Contractor will be selected from the numerous national environmental consultant organizations in Viet Nam. The Environmental Safeguard Contractor will act as general contractor for primary data collection surveys and for preparation and submission of various compliance and effects monitoring assessment reports. They will also be responsible for undertaking some of the specific mitigation measures for the Ke Go Sub-Project. Consultant Environmental Specialists - some of the resources of the Design and Supervision Technical Assistance under VWRAP will be used to engage two environmental specialists who will take on substantial implementation tasks for the EMP: (i) the Consultant's international environment specialist; and (ii) the Consultant's national environmental specialist seconded from a nationally-recognized environmental management institution. The secondment could be in the form of a fixed-term, renewable contract during pre- construction, construction, and operation phases. It is expected that the services of the Consultant's international environment specialist will be required for VWRAP implementation until the completion of the Detailed Design of the Ke Go EMP for the second phase of investments, at which time sufficient training and capacity building will have been given that remaining institutions and personnel will be able to implement the remainder of the Ke Go Sub-Project EMP. In this EMP, it is assumed that the Detailed Engineering Design for the second investment phase will occur in the third year of Ke Go Sub-Project implementation. Summary of IDA Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies for Ke Go Sub-Project. Bank Operational Summary of Assessment and Rationale Recommendations Policy While Ke Go Sub-Project is dassified as Category A, requiring a full-scale environmental assessment the results of this EIA indicate that the scale and OP 4.01 - magnitude of the expected environmental impacts of the Ke Go Sub-Project are Environmental more like that of a Category B project. Environmental impacts of the Ke Go Sub- . Implement Ke Go Sub-Project Assessment - Project are mostly site-specific, none are irreversible; very few direct impacts are Environmental Management Plan Triggered on environmentally important areas such as wetlands, forests, or other natural habitats, all are preventable, and mitigation measures have been designed for all possible environmental impacts OP 4.04 - . no impacts predicted for Ke Go Reservoir watershed, where all of the intact . Environmental review of provincial Natural natural terrestrial habitats of the Sub-Project Area occur. aquacuture program to advise Ha a Ke Go Sub-Project vill provide increased water supply to an expanding provincial Tinh Province on guidelines for Habitats - coastal aquaculture program which itseff was not assessed for possible ensuring coastal aquacufture is Triggered environmental impacts. There may be a rsk of losing coastal wetland resources environmentally sustainable OP 4.36 - n There will be no Sub-Project impacts on the two major forest resources in the Sub-Project Area: the Ke Go Nature Reserve, Forestry - not and the production forests on the hill slopes downstream of Ke Go Reservoir that are above the Sub-Project irrigated area Triggered . MiDgabon recommnended against any possible loss of or damage to nationally or locally designated OPEN 11.03 - . impacts are assessed as Unknown because, while the exact locabon of the each cultural and historical sites by Cultural of the cultural and historic sites in the Sub-Project is known, the locabon of the adjustng the siting of Sub-Project Property - Sub-Project actvities listed above is not yet known in deil. Miigaion of any etaied design of the physical works Triggered negative effects is possible, however. d Terms and conditions should be induded in construction contracts to ensure the integrity of these historical and cultural resources OP 4.12- * Resettlement and Compensaton Involuntary . No households will need to be resetUed and there is a requirement to pay Action Plan prepared as part of Ke Resettlement - compensabon for 104 ha of permanent and 60 ha of temporary land acquisition Go Sub-Project Feasibility Study Triggered OP 4.20 - * Ethnic Minorty Development Plan Indigenous . There are no members of recognized ethnic minority groups living in the prepared as part of Ke Go Sub- Peoples - Not command area of the Ke Go Sub-Project Project Feasibility Study Triggered OP 4.37 - Safety of . Upgrading Ke Go Dam safety a major component of first investment phase. Specific engineering works are provided for Dams - increasing dam safety, and Emergency Preparedness Plan prepared as part of Ke Go Feasibility Study Triggered . Both mitgation and monitoring are - It is estimated that an additional 83 t of pesticides and herbicides will be required recotimended. WPth respect to annually for the entire Sub-Project over and above estimates of current pesticide msdigation, IM extension services OP 4.03- and herbicide application. This is about a 234% increase over estimated current SubProject beneficiares as a part of Pesticide pesticide and herbicide use throughout the Sub-Project This impact is assessed the Sub-Project in accordance with Managcidem - as Unknown but potentially Significant without mitgation or monitorng. Existing the ruiremen ofda O4.3 Management - baseline informaton on pesticide concentrations in the Sub-Project environment the requirements of IDA OP 4.03. Triggered is non-existent and so current conditions can not be estmated, but the expected Extension services should e clude the increase may be substanbal, particularly as about 40% of Sub-Project topics of appropate selection and beneficiares have not yet received direct training in IPM methods. herbicades as well as basic techniques of IPM. OP 7.60 - Projects in * Not triggered as none of the Sub-Project Area or the area of influence of the Sub-Project is part of a teritory whose Disputed jurisdicton is disputed by another country Areas - Not Triggered OP 7.50 - . Not trggered as: (i) None of the water bodies associated with the Ke Go Sub-Proiect form a boundary between, or flow International through the temtory of another country; (ii) None of the water bodies associated with the Ke Go Sub-Project are a any tributary or component of any waterway described above; and (iii) None of the water bodies associated with the Ke Go Sub- Waterways - Project are recognized as a necessary channel of communication between the open sea and other states countries or of any Not Triggered rIver flowin into such waters. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES .............................................................. 1 1.2 OVERVIEW OF THE KE Go SUB-PROJECT ............................................................. 1 1.3 LEGAL, POLICY, AND REGULATORY CONTEXT FOR KE Go SUB-PROJECT EIA . ........................................................ 4 1.4 APPROACH TO VWRAP DEFINITION, PREPARATION, AND IMPLEMENTATION ............................................................ 5 1.5 GENERAL APPROACH TO EIA PREPARATION ............................................................. 5 1.5.1 SOURCES OF INFORMATION USED IN THE PREPARATION OF THISEA ............................................................. 5 1.5.2 EIA METHODOLOGY ............................................................. 6 1.5.3 SUB-PROJECT AREA OF INFLUENCE ............................................................. 6 1.5.4 SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR KE Go SUB-PROJECT .......................................................... 6 1.6 OUTLINE OF THE EIA FOR THE KE Go SUB-PROJECT ............................................................. 7 2: DESCRIPTION OF KE Go SUB-PROJECT 8 2.1 SUMMARY OF CURRENT SITUATION .............................................................. 8 2.1.1 KE GO DAMS AND RESERVOIR. 8 2.1.2 KE GO DAM FLOOD SAFETY.8 2.1.3 Doc MIEU CHUTE SPILLWAY.9 2.1.4 CODUIT FLOOD SPILLWAY. 9 2.1.5 INTAKE SLUICE.9 2.14 C NDI.6O D PLL A EMERGENCY....................FLOOD...............P....LLWAY............. 10.. 2.1.6 EMERGENCY FLOOD SPILLW AY .................... .......................................................................................... ........................... 10 2.1.7 PRIMARY CANALS AND ASSOCIATED WATER CONTROL STRUCTURES .10 2.1.8 SECONDARY, TERTIARY, AND ON-FARM CANALS AND ASSOCIATED WATER CONTROL STRUCTURES .10 2.2 DESCRIPTION OF SUB-PROJECT ........................... 1 2.2.1 OVERALL OBJECTIVES OF SUB-PROJECT .11 2.2.2 CHANGES IN WATER USE AND ALLOCATION WITH MODERNIZATION .11 2.2.3 KE Go DAMS, RESERVOIR, AND MANAGEMENT ROAD .1 2.2.4 DOC MIEU CHUTE SPILLWAY.12 2.2.5 MAIN FLOOD SPILLWAY .12 2.2.6 CONDUIT FLOOD SPILLWAY .13 2.2.7 INTAKE SLUICEOOD . .............................................................................................................13 2.2.8 CANALS AND ASSOCIATED WATER CONTROL STRUCTURES .13 2.3 MODERNIZATION OF THE IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ..14 2.3.1 SUMMARY OF SURFACE TRANSPORTATION UPGRADING ............................................ . . . . . 14 2.3.2 DRAINAGE SYSTEM.14 2.3.3 REQUIREMENTS FOR RESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION FOR LAND ACOUISITION .14 2.4 EXPECTED CHANGES IN AGRICULTURAL LAND USE ..14 3: DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT 16 3.1 LOCATION OF SUB-PROJECT..16 3.2 PHYSICAL RESOURCES ...................6 ........................................... 16 3 .2 .1 C LAN FOMSANDTEPGA ...................... 4.. ........................................ ..................... ............................................. ...................... 1 6 3.2.3 SOILS..1 9 3.2.4 SURFACE WATER HYDROLOGY ..20 3.2.5 SURFACE WATER QUALITY ..20 3.2.6 GROUNDWATER RESOURCESAPHY .....................................2.. . . . . .......... .. 1 3.2.7 A IR QUALI TY2 .......1................................................ 21 3.2.8 MI N ERAL RESOURCES ..............21......................... 21 3.3 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES..22 3.3.1 TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY .....................................2............................2............., 21 3.3.2 FOREST RESOURCES .22 3.3.3 AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY .22 3.3.4 NATURE RESERVES AND PROTECTED AREAS .23 3.3.5 BIODIVERSITY .........................22....................................................................................... 22 3.4 SOCIOECONOMIC RESOURCES .... 23 3.4.1 POPULATION, DEMOGRAPHY, AND ETHNIC COMPOSITION .23 3.4.2 IRRIGATION, AGRICULTURE AND COMMODITY PRODUCTION .23 3.4.3 AOUACULTURE.24 3.4.4 HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND INCIDENCE OF POVERTY .25 v 33.4.5 KIGWA E Q A IT .DRINKING...................WATER.............QUALITY................. 25...2 33.4.6 E S A DPU L DISTE..............E.....AND........PUBLIC.............HEALTH.............. 25..2 3.4. N USR7........................INDUSTRY.........................................25.......2 3.4.8 U TOURISM RESOURCES.............................................................. 26....2 3.4.9 CULTURAL, AESTHETIC, AND HISTORIC FEATURES................................................26 3.4.10 A IG TINAN NAVIGATION...................AND.........RANSPORTATION........................ 26.2 4: IMPACT AsSESSMENT 28 4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AsSESSMENT METHODOLOGY.............................................28 4.2 APPLICATION oF IDA OPERATIONAL POLICIES.....................................................30 4.3 ACTIVITIES WITH CONSISTENT IMPACTS ON ALL ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES.............................30 4.3 1 E FET.1 D MSA EYEIKFFECTS............OF.......DA........SAFE...............RISK.......... 30..3 4.3.2 REPAIRING AND UPGRADING EXISTING CIVIL WORKS AND FACILITIES...................................30 4.3.3 MODERNIZATION OF IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ............................................31 4.3.4 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIEs AssocIATED WITH SUB-PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ...........................32 4.3.5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF RESETTLEMENT AND LAND AcQUISITION .................................32 4.3.6 MITIGABLE IMPACTS OF INCREASED WATER SUPPLY FOR MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL USE....................32 4.3.7 PROVISION OF INCREASED WATER SUPPLY To AQUACULTURE........................................33 4.3.8 IMPACTS ON POPULATION AND COMMUNITIES ...................................................34 4.4 ENVIRONMENTAL, SociAL RESOURCEs RECEIVING CONSISTENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT............ ........34 4.4.1 IMPACTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES IN KE Go RESERVOIR CATCHMENT............................34 4.4.2 SUB-PROJECT IMPACTS ON RARE AND ENDANGERED SPECIES.34..................................... 4.4.3 SUB-PROJECT IMPACTS OF THE SUB-PROJECT ON EMPLOYMENT......................................35 4.4.4 IMPACT ON ECONomic ACTIVITIES, INCOME. AND INCIDENCE OF POVERTY ...............................35 4.4.5 SUE-PROJECT IMPACTS ON MINERAL RESOURCES................................................35 4.4.6 SUB-PROJECT IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY ......................................................35 4.47 S B-ROET7MP CSSUB-PROJECT....................IMPACTS.............ON......NOISE.......... 36..3 4.4.8 SUE-PROJECT IMPACTS ON FOREST RESOURCES ................................................36 4.4.9 SUB-PROJECT IMPACTS ON HUMAN HEALTH....................................................36 4.4.1 0 SUB-PROJECT IMPACTS ON NATURE RESERVES, PROTECTED AREAS, OR PROTECTION FORESTS................36 4.5 SUB-PROJECT IMPACTS OF PRE-CONSTRUCTION...................................................37 4.5.1 IMPACTS OF THE LEGACY OF CONFLICT .......................................................37 4.5.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR RESETTLEMENT AND LAND ACQUISITIoN........................................37 4.6 SUB-PROJECT IMPACTS OF CONSTRUCTION......................................................37 4.6.1 PA TSO P YSCIMPACTS ............ON......PHYSICAL..............RESOURCES................ 37..3 4.6.2 IMPACTS ON BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES ........................................................39 4.6.3 IMPACTS ON SOCIOECONOMic RESOURCES ....................................................40 4.7 SUB-PROJECT IMPACTS OF OPERATION.........................................................41 4.7 1 IPA TSO1P YSCIMPACTS ............ON......PHYSICAL..............RESOURCES................ 41..4 4.7.2 IMPACTS ON BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES ........................................................42 4.7.3 IMPACTS ON SOCIOECONOMIC RESOURCES ....................................................44 4.8 MAIN CONCLUSIONS OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT....................................................44 4.8.1 SUMMARY OF BANK OPERATIONAL POLICIES IN REGARDS To KE Go SUB-PROJECT.........................45 5: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR KE GoSUB-PROJECT 47 5.1 VIETNAMESE LEGAL ANiD ADMINISTRATIVE FRAmEWORKS.............................................47 5.1.1 THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT .......................................47 5.1.2 THE ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ................................48 5.1.3 VIETNAMESE ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS..................................................49 5.2 IDA ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS..........................................................49 5.3 OVERALL APPROACH TO IMPLEMENTATION.......................................................49 5.4 INSTITUTIONs RESPONSIBLE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE KE Go EMP..................................... 50 5.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PROGRAM FOR KE Go SUB-PROJECT.................................... 50 5.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION COMPLIANCE MONITORING FOR KE Go SUB-PROJECT ...................... . 51 5.7 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MONITORING PROGRAM FOR KE Go SUB-PROJECT .......................... . 51 5.8 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR KE Go EMP ................................................... 51 5.9 ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR IMPLEMENTING THE KE Go EMP .................................. 51 5.9.1 KEY FEATURES OF ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK ...............................................51 5.9.2 INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION DURING PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASES ............53 5.9.3 INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASES ................55 5.9.4 INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION DURING OPERATIONAL PHASES .................57 5. 10 POLICY GUIDELINES FOR DETAILED DESIGN: SECOND PHASE OF INVESTMENTS........................... . 58 5.11 TRAINING AND CAPACITY UPGRADING REQUIREMENTS FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION.........................59 5.1 1.1 EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CAPABILITIES .......................................59 5.11.2 RECOMMENDED TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING ...............................................59 vi 5.12 REQUIREMENTS FOR FLEXIBILITY AND ADAPTABILITY IN EMP IMPLEMENTATION .................................................... 60 5.13 COSTS OF KE Go SUB-PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................... 62 ANNEX 1: TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA 77 ANNEX 2: POLICY. LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR EIA 82 ANNEX 3: SOURCES OF INFORMATION USED IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS EIA 86 ANNEX 4: SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY INFORMATION FOR KE Go SUB-PROJECT 88 ANNEX 5: SUMMARY OF VIET NAM WATER QUALITY STANDARDS 93 ANNEX 6: SUMMARY OF BIODIVERSITY INFORMATION FOR HA TINH PROVINCE 110 ANNEX 7: DESCRIPTION OF KE Go NATURE RESERVE 113 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1: KE Go RESERVOIR WATER LEVEL AND STORAGE CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................. 9 TABLE 2: KE Go DAM DESIGN PARAMETERS .............................................................................. 9 TABLE 3: PARAMETERS FOR EXISTING AND REQUIRED FLOOD DESIGN FOR KE GO DAM .................................................... 9 TABLE 4: DOC MIEU MAIN SPILLWAY DESIGN PARAMETERS . ............................................................................. 10 TABLE 5: CONDUIT FLOOD SPILLWAY DESIGN PARAMETERS . ............................................................................. 10 TABLE 6: INTAKE SLUICE DESIGN PARAMETERS .............................................................................. 10 TABLE 7: CHANGES IN WATER USE WITH THE KE Go SUB-PROJECT ............................................................................. 12 TABLE 8: QUANTITIES OF ENGINEERING REQUIRED FOR UPGRADING KE Go DAM COMPLEX AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES .............................................................................. 12 TABLE 9: QUANTITIES OF ENGINEERING REQUIRED FOR UPGRADING CANAL SYSTEM OF KE Go IRRIGATION SCHEME ....... 14 TABLE 10: DESCRIPTION OF PLANNED UPGRADES TO SURFACE TRANSPORTATION IN KE Go SUB-PROJECT .................... 15 TABLE 11: SUMMARY OF RESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION REQUIREMENTS FOR KE Go SUB-PROJECT ..................... 15 TABLE 12: EXPECTED CHANGES IN AGRICULTURAL LAND USE WITHIN THE COMMAND AREA WITH SUB-PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION .............................................................................. 15 TABLE 13: SYNOPTIC LAND USE INFORMATION FOR THE KE Go SUB-PROJECT AREA ..................................................... 17 TABLE 14: SYNOPTIC SOCIOECONOMIC INFORMATION FOR THE KE Go SUB-PROJECT . .................................................. 18 TABLE 15: BASIC CLIMATE INFORMATION FOR KE Go SUB-PROJECT ............................................................................. 19 TABLE 16: SUMMARY OF RARE AND ENDANGERED SPECIES FOUND IN THE KE Go NATURE RESERVE . ............................ 24 TABLE 17: BRACKISH WATER AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT AREA IN THE SUB-PROJECT AREA (HA) ............................... 25 TABLE 18: CULTURAL AND HISTORIC SITES IN DISTRICTS THAT FORM THE SUB-PROJECT AREA . ..................................... 27 TABLE 19: SUMMARY OF EXPECTED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF KE Go SUB-PROJECT . ............................................. 29 TABLE 20: ESTIMATED INCREMENTAL INPUTS OF FERTILIZER REQUIRED FOR KE Go SUB-PROJECT ................................ 43 TABLE 21: ESTIMATED INCREMENTAL INPUTS OF PESTICIDES REQUIRED FOR KE Go SUB-PROJECT . .............................. 43 TABLE 22: RESULTS OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE SAMPLING IN THE 0 MON XA No SUB-PROJECT IN 2001 DRY SEASON ................................................................ 43 TABLE 23: SUMMARY OF IDA ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SAFEGUARD POLICIES FOR KE GO SUB-PROJECT . ............. 46 TABLE 24: REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR THE KE GO SUB-PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .............. 52 TABLE 25: DETAILED COSTS AND SCHEDULE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PROGRAM FOR KE Go SUB-PROJECT .... 63 vii TABLE 26: DETAILED COSTS AND SCHEDULE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMS FOR KE Go SUB-PROJECT ...........................................6.............4......................................................................... 64 TABLE 27: LIST OF ASSUMPTIONS MADE IN COST ESTIMATION OF KE Go SUB-PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ......................................................................... 66 TABLE 28: ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PROGRAM FOR KE Go SUB-PROJECT . ............................................................ 67 TABLE 29: ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION COMPLIANCE MONITORING PROGRAM . .......................................................... 72 TABLE 30: SUB-PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MONITORING SUB-PROGRAM . .................................................... 74 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1: LOCATION OF COMPONENTS AND SUB-PROJECTS OF VWRAP ......................................................................2 FIGURE 2: OVERVIEW OF THE KE Go SUB-PROJECT ..........................................................................3 FIGURE 3: HISTORICAL MONTHLY TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION IN KE Go SUB-PROJECT AREA ............................. 19 FIGURE 4: KE Go RESERVOIR LEVEL. DATA FROM 1990 TO 2001, KE Go IMC . ........................................................... 21 FIGURE 5: INCIDENCE OF POVERTY IN TWO PILOT AREAS ......................................................................... 26 FIGURE 6: PREDICTED CHANGE IN INCIDENCE OF POVERTY IN PILOT AREAS WITH SUB-PROJECT . .................................. 36 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of April 2003) Current Unit - Viet Nam Dong (VND) US $1.00 - VND 15,300 VND 1,000 - US $0.065 viii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank BP Bank Procedure CIDA Canadian Intemational Development Agency CPC Commune People's Committee CPO Central Project Office (of MARD) DANIDA Danish Intemational Development Assistance DARD Department.of Agricultural and Rural Development DoCI Department of Culture and Information DoFi Department of Fisheries Dol Department of Industry DoSTE Department of Science, Technology and Environment DSA Daily Subsistence Allowance DWT Dead-Weight Tons EIA Environmental impact assessment EIRR Economic Intemal Rate of Retum EMD Environmental Management Department (DoSTE) EMDP Ethnic Minority Development Plan EMP Environmental Management Plan EPP Emergency Preparedness Plan FPD Forest Protecton Department FS Feasibility Study GoVN Government of Viet Nam HEC Hydraulic Engineering Company HH Household IDA International Development Association IMC Irrigation Management Company IPM Integrated Pest Management IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature MARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MoNRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment NEA National Environment Agency NGO Non-govemmental organizabon NKH Nippon Koei Haskoning (the Consultant) NLEP National Law on Environmental Protection NPV Net Present Value O/M Operations and Maintenance OP Operation Policy PAH Project Affected Households PFS Pre-Feasibility Study PMF Probable Maximum Flood PMU Project Management Unit PPC Provincial People's Committee RAP Resettlement Action Plan Sida Swedish Intemational Development Agency S10 Sub-Project Implementation Office SIU Sub-Project Implementation Unit ToR Terms of Reference UXO Unexploded Ordnance VND Viet Nam Dong VWRAP Viet Nam Water Resources Assistance Project WB World Bank ix 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background and Obiectives The Govemment of Viet Nam (GoVN) has requested assistance from the Intemational Development Association (IDA) to support the Water Resources Assistance Project (VWRAP)2. \/WRAP has the following objectives: * Make Vietnamese agriculture more intemationally competitive and increase farmer incomes by introducing modern irrigation infrastructure and management to the sector. * Reduce flood and disaster risk by improving dam safety and management. . Promote the environmentally sustainable development of Thu Bon Basin through integrated development and management of water resources. VWRAP is comprised of four separate but integrated elements (please see Figure 1 for the location of the following components and Sub-Projects): Component 1: Irrigation Modernization and Dam Safety in five irrigation schemes: - Dau Tieng (Tay Ninh Province and Ho Chi Minh City) - Da Ban (Khanh Hoa Province) - Ke Go (Ha Tinh Province) - Yen Lap (Quang Ninh Province) - Cam Son - Cau Son (Bac Giang Province); Component 2: Dam Safety: - MARD Dam Repair Fund for other MARD dams outside the scope of VWRAP - Hoa Binh Dam Safety Upgrading - Dam Safety Institutional Development Component 3: Thu Bon Integrated River Basin Development (Quang Nam Province): - Irigation modemization and Dam Safety of the Phu Ninh Irrigation Scheme - Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works; - Thu Bon Investment Preparation Component 4: Institutional Development and Capacity Building: - Training and Capacity Building - Design and Supervision Technical Assistance - Design and Supervision Costs - Provincial and MARD Incremental Costs A separate EIA has been constructed for each of the italicized and underlined Sub-Projects in the above list and each of these is termed a Sub-Project for the purposes of the VWRAP EIA. This report is a draft Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the Ke Go Sub-Project prepared as part of overall VWRAP preparation. This report has been prepared and submitted in accordance with the Terms of Reference for Consulting Services for the VWRAP EIA Consultant (Annex 1). This document is one component of the overall VWRAP EIA: Volume 1 - summary EIA of the entire VWRAP Project Volume 2 - total of seven EIA reports, one for each of the Sub-Projects listed above Volume 3 - Public Consultation Report 1.2 Overview of the Ke Go Sub-Proiect The Ke Go Sub-Project is located in Cam Xuyen and Thach Ha Districts of Ha Tinh Province in north central Viet Nam (Figure 2). The Ke Go Reservoir is located in Cam Xuyen District approximately 20 km south of Ha Tinh Town and serves an area north and east of the Reservoir; the Ke Go Sub-Project includes the following 2 The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) obtained a grant from the Govemment of Japan to procure consultancy services to help prepare VwRAP; the Central Project Office (CPO) of MARD is the coordinating agency of VWRAP and engaged Nippon Koei Haskoning (NKH) as the Consultant, and GEC Global Environmental Consultants Ltd., in association with National Institute for Water Resources Research. t-~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 4.- --/ '~ ' ~ tI - -*qn- J l't l thaeon - Cau Son Sub-Project '-'-1 \ '_ _--- . L' <, I'4q J, 141.4| IaS!., -C 1# +H K - -- ( JA C A N- 1'_.E f on T w < S a W \ 7 S&mSm - a IW 'Lf . \ , ov ' Xuanq Hue-Vua Gi\u'rjc G>< ' eG u-ric f CL, D-nA p I A Y-_ =m. j,~ ~ ~~~~~ .\j ¶W44 --r . D-ntl OPmh cdnS,r -.l Tt H;- . PU I T- c I I DjL,- i I- - 4. - " " ,,.1 ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ -,, , - e: Dau Tieng NWDb-P- j,,t. I4 ; TAiKf\Ui PIO cvi> . ', ,t i tCtt;Iff-pD. Sy ., 5p D < ¢ s; .,, \,IIttGNfllhT,.,pV 5~ ~ ~~~~,444J '1. x 15Lw.: 54o S !!gJ Y { ' J C45GWi C4it<'Sst,riARl;A\Vl;NGlAd Lit C*q 1j./ ~ ~ ~ b ?Q*a tl..E I~ HJ 7it <; >tY;uo, - i.' CUd.Di. 44 g W 4tOn Figure 1: Location of components and Sub-Projects of VWRAP. - bvanChW6a; - :zT eetCt;:~~~~~~~~~ X-2,1~~~~~~~A.W ,]-E Z~~- 0'2 K -7~~~~~~~ XJ i W g tX w1g A . .. ~~~~~Sea m Aven d ' i _ > i- /'e ~~ Th~~~giZ ., ~~~~~~ kTh 1- -J if~~~~~~~~~1K F f | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i rVae0;X ¢~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ A **.b. ,.~ \,.t. , -, * ;.- '-3 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'KCJL ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~- ' flit, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' I~~~~~ fdkil'' ~~~, -~~~~J components: . A conduit flood discharge spillway (under the main dam) with a design discharge of 320 m3/sec and a crest elevation 26.5 m; . An intake sluice, designed for 320 m3/sec, under the main dam, and intended to be used for providing water to the hydropower station (see below) and for irrigation; . An emergency flood spillway, located in a saddle between the main dam and the Doc Mieu spillway; * A 17 km long main canal designed to irrigate 21,136 ha and with a design discharge of 28.2 m3/sec; and . A total of nine primary canals, designated Ni to N9, running more or less parallel to the coastline, and equipped with various water control structures. Because of insufficient maintenance, engineering works have degraded rapidly and seriously in recent years. Seepage through the body and foundation of the dams has been an ongoing problem. Dam toe seepage may reduce dam strength as well as create an artificial wetland environment immediately downstream of the dam. In addition, the conduit spillway experiences significant leakage through the conduit joints, resulting in approximately 200 I/s inundating the inspection barrel. The problem of conduit leakage was addressed in 1991 and 1993 and involved grouting and covering the joints with steel plates but these remedial measures had no positive effect. The canal system has experienced ongoing problems of erosion, siltation, and canal seepage, and the canal regulating structures have been poorly maintained and are now in poor condition. A 2,100 kW hydropower station was constructed and operational from 1986 to mid-1988. A number of problems were incurred during the operation of the station, which unacceptably impacted upon the end use of the water for irrigation (e.g. contamination of irrigation with hydraulic oils and unacceptable leakage through conduit joints). Inadequate maintenance of the hydraulic, electrical and mechanical equipment led to the scheme being abandoned in less than three years of operation. The equipment is still at the site but in a dilapidated condition. 1.3 Le2al, Policy, and Regulatory Context for Ke Go Sub-Project EIA The Ke Go Sub-Project EIA has been prepared according to Viet Nam's legal, policy, and regulatory framework for environmental impact assessment3. The key legal instruments defining this national framework are: . National Law on Environmental Protection (29UCTN, 1994); . Decree 175/CP/1 994 on Implementation of the NLEP; and • Circular 490/1998/TT-BKHCNMT on Setting Up and Appraising EIA Reports This EIA has also been prepared according to the following World Bank directives and guidelines for environmental impact assessment and natural resource management: . Operational Policy 4.01 (and accompanying annexes) - Environmental Assessment; . Operational Policy 4.04 - Natural Habitats; . Operational Policy 4.36 - Forestry; . Operational Policy 11.03 -Cultural Property; . Operational Policy 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement; . Operational Policy 4.20 - Indigenous Peoples; . Operational Policy 4.37 - Safety of Dams; . Operational Policy 4.03 - Pesticide Management; . Operational Policy 7.60 - Projects in Disputed Areas; . Operational Policy 7.50 - International Waterways; . Bank Policy 17.50 - Public Disclosure; . General Policy 14.70: Involving Nongovernmental Organizations in Bank-Supported Activities; . Where required, the Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook; and . The Environmental Assessment Sourcebook4. In addition, this EIA considers other key legal instruments in Viet Nam for environmental protection and natural resource management: . TCVN 5592 National Surface Water Quality Standards . TCVN 5944 National Groundwater Quality Standards 3 Annex 2 contains a detailed description of the legal, policy, and regulatory framework within which this EIA has been prepared. World Bank Technical Paper No. 140 4 * TCVN 6980 (2001) Standards for Industrial Effluents Discharged Into Rivers Used for Domestic Water Supply * Decree 18/1986, the Ordinance on Conservation and Management of Living Aquatic Resources * 1991 Forestry Resource Protection and Development Act * Decision 1171, 1986, on Special Forest Management for Protected Areas This EIA has also been prepared in the context of a number of international environmental conventions to which Viet Nam is a signatory: * 1972 Convention Conceming the Protection of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage (the World Heritage Convention). *1973 Convention on intemational Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES Convention) * 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; and * 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity. In this context, the 2002 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (found at www.redlist.orq) was a main sourcebook for considering biodiversity resources within the Sub- Project's area of influence. Finally, a number of national environmental and natural resources programs and plans were considered in the preparation of this EIA: . National Strategy for Environmental Protection for 2001 to 2010 . National Biodiversity Action Plan (1995); . Forest Protection Department 1998 Protected Areas Plan of Vietnam to 2010; and o National Aquaculture Development Program (1999-2010). 1.4 Approach to VWVRAP Definition, Preparation, and Implementation IDA and MARD have agreed that VWRAP will have a phased approach to modemization in each of the Sub- Projects and VWRAP preparation adopted a similar approach through detailed investigations of: . headworks, main and primary canals for each of the Sub-Projects; and . a small number of pilot areas that consist of secondary and tertiary canal systems off the main and primary canals and which contain a total of about 20% of the total command area. This approach was adopted so that the options (and combination of options) in terms of investments in physical infrastructure and management improvements that work best can be developed before full VWRAP implementation. The June 2002 IDA Aide Memoire notes that this approach will help reduce the risk associated with new infrastructure and water management techniques while still providing adequate budget to modernize the whole scheme. Annex 2 to the June 2002 IDA Aide Memoire indicates that this approach will mean that VWRAP works will be grouped into two 'phases". The first phase will include the finalized dam safety review, rehabilitation works for the dams, rehabilitation works for main and primary canals and rehabilitation works and modernization for the pilot areas. The second phase will include expanding the experiences gained through pilot testing to the command areas beyond the pilot areas. Therefore, the general nature and design of the second phase (i.e., types of civil works, equipment, and facilities) will be similar to nature and design of the pilot area component of the first phase, the precise siting and location of the components of the second phase will not be known, and the VWRAP Project Implementation Plan (PIP) will contain as follows: . Project and Sub-Project implementation arrangements for the entire VWRAP Project; . detailed specification of the technical/engineering implementation of the first phase, including first year works detailed design and bid packages; and o a programmatic framework specifying the arrangements and procedures for technical/engineering implementation of the second phase. 1.5 General Approach to EIA Preparation 1.5.1 Sources of Information Used in the Preparation of this EIA Annex 3 contains a list of all the documents, maps, and other materials used in the preparation of this EIA. 5 Information used in preparing this EIA was obtained from a number of sources: . A set of Sub-Project feasibility study reports prepared by the Hydraulic Engineering Consultant Company No. 1 (HEC-1) under contract to the Consultant; . The March 2003 final PFS submitted by the Consultant to GoVN and IDA; . Information provided by the Consultant during preparation of the overall FS that updates information contained in the HEC-1 reports described above; . A detailed socioeconomic survey of pilot area households conducted by the Consultant5; . The gathering of secondary data and information from various sources in government departments at the provincial, district, and commune level in Ha Tinh Province; and . A small set of primary data on water quality was obtained in order to initiate the establishment of a water quality baseline for the Sub-Project. 1.5.2 EIA Methodologv VWRAP is classified as a Category A project and therefore requires the complebon of a full EIA, and the overall approach and methodology for this EIA is based on the World Bank's Environmental Assessment Sourcebook. The Consultant has primary responsibility for meeting World Bank and GoVN policies on Involuntary Resettlement, Indigenous People and Dam Safety, and the contents, conclusions, and recommendations of this EIA are intended to support the Consultant in the preparation of Resettlement Action Plan and Ethnic Minority Development Plan. The engineering works recommended in the Sub-Project feasibility study reports prepared by HEC-1 under contract to the Consultant represent the high end of investments contemplated for the Ke Go Sub-Project, in large part because of the extensive canal lining that these reports recommend. Financial constraints will limit the actual amount of canal lining that can be done in the Ke Go Sub-Project under VWRAP. However, because the preparation of the VWRAP FS occurred six weeks after the preparation of this draft EIA, not all the final information relating to the scope, scale, and location of the canal lining engineering works for the Ke Go Sub- Project could be included in this EIA. Therefore, the environmental assessments contained in this Ke Go EIA relating to canal lining can be considered as conservative. The actual environmental impacts from canal lining will be less than those described in this EIA because less length of canals will actually be lined under VWRAP 1.5.3 Sub-Proiect Area of Influence For this EIA, the area of influence of the Sub-Project is defined as: e The Ke Go Reservoir catchment area; . The total command area of the Irrigation Scheme; and e Those locations that are outside of the watershed catchment area or the total command area of the Irrigation Scheme but which may be affected by the activities of the Sub-Project. This includes, for example, surface water and groundwater resources downstream of the command area, air quality outside of the command area, and natural habitats and ecosystems that may be located downstream of the cornmand area. These are considered on a case-by-case basis in the Impact Assessment as possible cumulative effects of the Sub-Project on environmental resources (Chapier 4). For the purposes of this EIA, the term 'Sub-Project Area' is defined as the Ke Go Reservoir catchment area and the total command area of the Irrigation Scheme. 1.5.4 Scope of Environmental Mana2ement Plan for Ke Go Sub-Project The Environmental Management Plan for the Ke Go Sub-Project (Chapter 5) contains the following components: . mitigation and monitoring requirements for the first phase of investments (i.e., headworks, main and primary canals, pilot areas, and other non-agricultural uses of the water resources provided by the Ke Go Scheme), including cost estimates; . mitigation and monitoring requirements for the second phase of investments (i.e., the remainder of the command area, exclusive of the pilot areas) including cost estimates. This second phase is based on an assessment of the similarity of the current environmental conditions in the pilot areas to the current 5A note is made at each point in the Da Ban Sub-Project EIA where information from the socioeconomic surveys is used. 6 environmental conditions in the remainder of the Sub-Project's command area (found at the end of Chapter 3: Descrption of Existing Environment); . implementation arrangements and implementation schedule for the overall Environmental Action Plan; . a programmatic framework which specifies how the specific mitigation and monitoring activities associated with the second phase are to be designed in detail and implemented during overall VWRAP implementation; . requirements for technical assistance to support implementation of the Environmental Management Plan including supervision and training; and . a detailed workplan for the first year of VWRAP implementation (i.e., pre-construction) 1.6 Outline of the EIA for the Ke Go Sub-Project Including this Introduction, the Ke Go Sub-Project EIA contains five sections: Chapter 2 - Description of Ke Go Sub-Project A presentation, using the best available information of what engineering works are to be constructed, quantities of materials required, and land use changes in the command area that will be supported by the implementation of the Sub-Project Chapter 3 - Description of Existing Environment a presentation of the current status of the physical, biological, and socioeconomic resources of the Sub-Project Area Chapter 4 - Impact Assessment an evaluation of the environmental impacts of the Sub-Project Chapter 5 - Environmental Management Plan mitigation and monitoring requirements, including implementation arrangements, costs, and schedule. The EIA is supported by a set of technical annexes contained at the end of this volume. 7 2: DESCRIPTION OF KE Go SUB-PROJECT The Ke Go Irrigation Scheme consists of the following components: . Ke Go Dams and associated reservoir; . Doc Mieu chute spillway; o Conduit flood spillway; *Intake sluice; . Emergency flood spillway; . Main and primary canals and associated water control structures; and . Secondary, tertiary, and on-farm canal system and associated water control structures. 2.1 Summary of Current Situation 2.1.1 Ke Go Dams and Reservoir The Ke Go Reservoir comprises a main dam and three auxiliary dams. All of the dams are homogenous earth-fill embankments. The reservoir characteristics and dam design parameters are summarized in Table 1 and Table 2. As per TCVN 5060-90 standard, the designed Ke Go Dam complex was constructed as Grade No. 3, with a design flood frequency of P=100 years. In general, the body of the main dam is assessed as being in a normal condition. Generally, subsidence of the dam hasn't occurred. The problems that do exist are summarized as follows: o During construction 13 piezometers were installed in the downstream slope. Water levels were recorded up to 1988. At present none of the piezometers is operational. o The upstream revetment of the main dam has been eroded by wave action. To treat the problem of upstream deterioration concrete slabs have been laid between elevations +26 m and +32.5 m. The initial protection was with concrete slabs of 1 m x 1 m x 0.1 m thickness. When this initial protection was seriously damaged in 1990, heavier slabs of 5 m x 10 m x 0.2 m. The remaining slope sections are still protected with small slabs. Slab protection on the right hand abutment has been damaged; and . The downstream face of the main dam is protected by a surface drainage system. However, the drainage network is now dilapidated and erosion of the downstream face is becoming increasingly problematic. At the normal water level of the reservoir (+32.5 m) more than twenty leakage zones have been detected in the downstream slope and are causing water-logging at the toe of the dam. Thirteen piezometers have been installed in the dam body for groundwater level monitoring but these are now clogged and therefore do not function correctly. The broken down join of intake sluice could be the main reason. The condition of the three saddle dams is assessed as follows: Auxiliary Dam No. I - This dam is generally in good condition, although the berm on the upstream side is partly eroded. Auxiliary Dam No. 2 - The upstream slope is partly eroded. In addition, at high reservoir levels, water leaks through the right shoulder of the dam at about .004 m3/s. Auxiliary Dam No. 3 - There may be some seepage on the left shoulder of the dam. The management road (from Provincial Road No. 17 to the headworks area) is in poor condition and often submerged in the rainy season. 2.1.2 Ke Go Dam Flood Safety The Ke Go Dam does not meet new required design flood probability standards. The Ke Go Dam was constructed according to national dam safety stands (TCVN 5060-90) with a flood frequency of 1,000 years (p=0.001). However, a new set of flood design standards prepared by Viet Nam and the World Bank recommends a design flood probability of P=0.0001 (10,000 years). Parameters for TCVN 5060-2002 and the recommended Viet Nam/World Bank standards are provided in Table 3. The Ke Go Dam, designed to withstand a 1,000 year flood event is designed far below the new standard. 8 Table 1: Ke Go Reservoir water level and storage characteristics. Catchment Dead Water Normal Water Max Water Dead Storage Useful Storage Storage Volume at Area Level Level Level Iea S Ig Normal Level 223 km2 +14.7 m +32.5 m +35.0 m | 24.9 x 106 m3 | 320.6 x 106 m3 345.5 x 106 m3 Table 2: Ke Go Dam design parameters. Type Maximum Crest Elevation Crest width Crest Length height Main Dam (Earthfll) 19.3 m +35.6 m 5.0 m 989 m Auxiliary Dam 1 (Earthfill) 19.3 m +35.6 m 5.0 m 1,000 m Auxiliary Dam 2 (Earthfill) 16.1 m +35.6 m 5.0 m 920 m Auxiliary Dam 3 (Earthfill) 1~ 9.2 m +35.6 m 5.0 m 283 Table 3: Parameters for existing and required flood design for Ke Go Dam. Parameter |Value Catrchment Area |223 kMl2 Existing Flood Design Parameters Design Flood Frequency 1000 ears Discharge at Design Flood Frequency 3,650 m3/s New Flood Design 'arameters Required Design Flood Frequency 10,000 years One-Day Rainfall 1,044 mm Flood Peak 4,360 m3/s Flood Volume 236 million m3 | Runoff Depth 1,058 mm 2.1.3 Doc Mieu Chute SpillwaV The design characteristics of the Doc Mieu Spillway are contained in Table 4. In general, the spillway is in good condition. The problems that do exist are summarized below: . Part of the inlet channel remains blocked by a natural rock barrier; . The equipment for operating the spillway is not protected; and . While the gates are in generally good condition, water leaks under the gates. 2.1.4 Conduit Flood SpillwaV The design characteristics of the Conduit Flood Spillway are contained in Table 5. The flood spillway outlet is located on two sides of intake sluice/electric generator and the radial gate is manually operated. The existing flood spillway outlet is in good condition. It has not been operated recently. 2.1.5 Intake Sluice The design characteristics of the intake sluice are contained in Table 6. The intake is controlled by two flat gates, a guard gate and the discharge control gate. The guard gate is reported to be difficult to handle, while the control gate is reported to work satisfactorily. Near the end of the conduit the irrigation barrel is diverted towards the powerhouse and bifurcates into six pipes: three pipes 1.6 m to the hydropower station and three pipes to the irrigation outlet valves. A major problem with the operation of the conduit spillway is the significant leakage through the conduit joints resulting in approximately 0.4 to 0.5 m3/s inundating the inspection barrel. The problem of conduit leakage was 9 Table 4: Doc Mieu main spillway design parameters. Design Discharge Spillway Type Spillway Dimensions Spillway Sill Gate Type ________ _______ ________ ________(n x B x H) E levati n _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1,065 m3/s chute spillway, by 2 x 10 x 6 m 26.50 m steel radial with dimension 2 ferro-concrete xi Ox 6 m, crankshaft hoist Table 5: Conduit flood spillway design parameters. Spillway Dimensions Spillway SillGaeTp Design Discharge Spillway Type (n D B Gate Type _____ _____ ____ _____ _____ ____ _ ___ _____ _n_x _ ___x _ _H__ E levation_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ferro-concrete steel radial with dimension 2 320 m3/s tube/undersluice 2 x 3.2 x 4.5 m 26.50 m x 3.2 x 4.5 m, crankshaft _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~~~~~~~~~~hoist Table 6: Intake sluice design parameters. Design Spillway Type Spillway Dimensions Spillway Sill Sluice Length Discharg ye (n x B x H) Elevation Lnt l ferro-concrete square 320 m3/s conduit/pressure-actuated for 1 x 3 x 3 m + 6.0 m 177 m generating power addressed in 1991 and 1993 and involved grouting and covering the joints with steel plates but these measures had no positive effect. The hoisting equipment on the intake sluice is now wom out and does not ensure safe operation. Another problem with this component of the system has been persistent slope percolation on the downstream face adjacent to the intake sluice. 2.1.6 Emergency Flood SpillwaV Additional spill capacity was created by the completion of a rock cum earth emergency spillway in August 2001 and includes some holes for placing dynamite in the case of emergency flood. The spillway is 65 m wide. It is in good condition. 2.1.7 Primarv Canals and Associated Water Control Structures The Ke Go Irrigation Scheme has nine primary canals with a total length of about 92 km. The Ni Primary Canal is the most of these, serving about 50% of the designed command area. Upgrading of this canal was recently initiated with the assistance from an ADB loan. Under the assistance embankment slopes over a length of 23 km of canal were upgraded. Due to the topography of the terrain where the primary canals are located, some canal sections have a rather high earth filled embankment. This, combined with insufficient maintenance, has deteriorated the primary canals resulting in the reduction of water conveyance capacity. Existing canal regulating structures-are in poor condition and many of the gates and sluices do not operate properly. Some twenty years of operation without ongoing maintenance has resulted deterioration of structural concrete and corrosion of steel frames and gates, thereby contributing to the shortfalls in irrigation supply. 2.1.8 Secondary, Tertiarv, and On-Farm Canals and Associated Water Control Structures Existing secondary, tertiary and on-farm canals are of a worse quality than the primary canals. In general, the lower level canals are in very poor condition at present and some areas have no canals at all. There is a clear difference in quality between the secondary canals managed by the IMC and canals that were maintained and operated by the communes. The latter are supported by the local authorities and have had canal slopes lined at many locations. Secondary and lower level canals have virtually no intake sluices. 10 2.2 Description of Sub-Project 2.2.1 Overall Obiectives of Sub-Proiect The overall objectives of the Ke Go Sub-Project are to: . Upgrade the existing inigation scheme; . Improve reliability, flexibility, and effectiveness of the irrigation system; . Reduce the cost of operation and maintenance; * Enable the scheme to satisfy all reasonable water needs by supplying a sufficient quantity of water at the required times of the year and * Create the conditions for sustainable socioeconomic development using the application of modem design, engineering, and irrigation system management technologies. This will be achieved by modemization of technical infrastructure from the headworks to the farm fields and by modernization of the management system for the entire Inigation Scheme. 2.2.2 Changes in Water Use and Allocation with Modernization Modemization of the Ke Go Irrigation Scheme is intended to support the following changes in water and land use within the Sub-Project area: . A 19% increase in the water supply for agriculture; . Surplus water supply, up to 52.4 million m3/yr, for municipal and industrial use (at frequency 75%, total water availability volume will be 320 million m3/yr, with agricultural water requirement (in year 2010) estimated at 267.6 million m3/yr6; and * Increase supply of domestic water to rural residents throughout the Sub-Project through increasing supply of water in the canal system. 2.2.3 Ke Go Dams, Reservoir, and Management Road The engineering works for the upgrading of the Ke Go Dam will consist of the following: o Replace the damaged lining slabs of upstream slope located at elevation 1 3m to 26m by new concrete slab of bigger and thicker dimension; o Repairing the damaged parts of the wave prevention wall and increasing the height of the wall crest to 36.60 m; o Lining the dam surfaces with a 30 cm rock layer and covering with a 30 cm pebble layer; and . Install lighting system on dam surface; o Overhaul piezometers system; and • On the downstream slopes, repairing the drainage trench system and seepage zones, and constructing new grass frames. The engineering works for the upgrading of the three saddle dams will consist of the following: • Replace the damaged lining slab of upstream slope by new concrete slab of bigger and thicker dimension. o Overhaul wave wall and heighten to elevation of 36.6 m; . upgrading dam surface; and v Repairing upstream slope. The management road from Provincial Road No. 17 will be upgrade to Grade No. 3 standard by widening to a width of 5 m of which 3.5 meters will be paved with asphalt as well as provision of an adequate number of water drainage trenches. Quantities of material required for upgrading the Ke Go Dam complex and the headworks management road are presented in Table 8. 6 Domestic water supply for Ha Tinh Town comes from the Boc Nguyen Reservoir, operated separately from the Ke Go Reservoir. 1 1 Table 7: Changes in water use with the Ke Go Sub-Project. Water Use Current (m3/sec) With Sub-Project (m3/sec) DIfference % Change Agricuture 7.2 8.53 1.33 18.5 Aguaculture No data available in Engineering Sub-consultant reports Domestic Water Supply Water supply to rural residents will be increased but no data available in Engineering Sub-consultant repors Industrial Water Supply 0 1.67 1.67 Table 8: Quantities of engineering required for upgrading Ke Go Dam complex and associated structures. Quantities Item Unit Ke Go Dam Management Toa and Saddle Spillways Intakes Road Total ____________ ~Dam sI Excavation m3 17,552 50,893 3,306 13,850 85,601 Other Material to be m3 0 0 0 0 0 Removed7 Earth-fill to be m3 24,911 10,520 14,775 16,590 66,796 Provided _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Rock, Sand, M and Gravel8 m 0 0 0 0 0 Masonry, Concrete, and m3 4,406 3,504 1,007 1,169 10,086 Cement Mortaring Total m3 46,869 64,917 19,088 31,609 162,483 2.2.4 Doc Mieu Chute Spillwav The engineering works for the upgrading of the Doc Mieu Chute Spillway will consist of the following items (Quantities of material required for upgrading the Doc Mieu Chute Spillway are presented in Table 8): . Destroy the upstream rock barrier located in the inlet canal; . Reinforce the spillway surface; . Replace the damaged lining slabs by new reinforced concrete slabs of larger dimensions; . Replace the old winch by a new hydraulic piston in view to obtain a more reliable gate operation; . Reinforce radial gates; . Install local and central electrical control; . Upgrade the protection covering for the spillway equipment in purpose of creating good conditions for spillway operation in case of unfavourable weather; . Upgrade the spillway management station to ensure a favourable condition for working and living condition for the staff and workers who reside their to manage the spillway, especially in rainy season; and . Install lighting system. 2.2.5 Main Flood Spillway The engineering works for the upgrading of the Main Flood Spillway will consist of the following items: . Widening the main flood spillway to 200 m from its current width of 65 m to enable to Ke Go Dam Complex 7This includes: Riprap; Parapet; Construction blocks; and Existing Concrete that is chipped out; as presented in the Dam Safety Report for the Ke Go Sub-Project prepared by HEC-1 a This includes: Drain Rockfill; Gravel for Filter; Sand for Filter; and Stone as presented in the Dam Safety Report for the Ke Go Sub-Project prepared by HEC-1 This incdudes: Concrete (all types); Rock Masonry; and Cement Mortar as presented in the Dam Safety Report for the Ke Go Sub-Project prepared by HEC-1 12 to meet the more stringent design flood standards; . Reinforce the spillway surface in purpose of increasing flood discharge in compared with initial design; *Reinforce dissipation basin; . Repair damages in whole; . Reinforcing spillway gate; . Electrification of spillway operation; and . Protection covering installed at sluice tower and spillway in purpose of becoming the headwork management station. 2.2.6 Conduit Flood SPillway The engineering works for the upgrading of the Conduit Flood Spillway will consist of the following items: . Repair of the broken joints that are causing high seepage; . replacing old radial gates as required; and . replacing gate operation machinery. Quantities of material required for upgrading the Conduit Flood Spillway are presented in Table 8. 2.2.7 Intake Sluice The engineering works for the upgrading of the intake sluice will consist of repairing the broken joints that are causing high seepage and upgrading and replacing as required the associated mechanical and electrical systems. Quantities of material required for upgrading the Intake Sluice are presented in Table 8. 2.2.8 Canals and Associated Water Control Structures The engineering works for the upgrading of the canal system will consist of (Quantities of material required for upgrading the main, primary, and secondary canals are presented in Table 9): Main Canal - There is no need to upgrade or to overhaul the 5 km length head section of the canal. - The remaining 12 km must be rehabilitated and the cross section brought back to the original designed section by means of back filling the eroded section and dredging silted places. - Canal lining will be carried out at sections where adverse geological features caused frequent sliding of the embankments. - For the Main Canal a system of Downstream Control of the water-levels will be introduced, combined with a local automatic control of the Cross Regulators in the canal. - Construct access road next to the main canal. Primary Canals - Restore the current cross section into to the initial designed cross section by means of dredging silted sections and backfilling eroded canal embankments. - Canal lining will be carried out at sections where adverse geological features caused frequent sliding of the embankments. - Heighten and upgrade the embankment road to become the main access road. - The Primary Canals will continue to operate under a system of Upstream Control. Secondary, Tertiary, and On-Farm Canals - Complete the canal infrastructure up to the level of the farm fields - Restore the current cross section to the initial designed section. - The Secondary Canals will continue to operate under a system of Upstream Control. - Carry out canal strengthening in accordance with the GoVN Decision No. 66/2000/QD-TTg of June 13, 2000, regarding "Some policies and financial mechanism for the implementation of canals lining program"; The engineering works for the upgrading the water control structures will consist of: Main and Primary Canals - Repair of the damaged structures. 13 Table 9: Quantities of engineering required for upgrading canal system of Ke Go Irrigation Scheme'°. Lined (m) Excavation (m3) Earth-Fill, Concrete, Canal System Total Length (m) Current With Project Earth, Rock (in) Masonry Main Canal 17.2 0 12 202,112 188,953 69,839 Pnmary Canals 99.4 7 99.4 247,382 146,438 65,506 Secondary Canals 90 164,819 124,275 79,059 Total 206.6 7 111.4 614,313 459,666 214,404 - Completion of outlets taking water from the primary canals for the secondary canals. - The regulators in the Main Canal will be provided with Local Automatic Control and SCADA - Offlakes from the Primary Canals will be provided with automatic water-level/discharge measurement devices (SCADA). - Replacement all seriously damaged hoisting equipment. Electrification is recommended for hoisting requirement of sluices with dimension B 2 80 cm on Main canal. Secondary, Tertiary, and On-Farm Canals - Construct outlet structures on secondary canals as well as outlets from Main canals to Secondary and Tertiary canals. - For structures on canals from secondary canals downwards: the hosting equipment will be manually operated at-site with (local) measurements. They will not be electrified yet - Automatic water-level/discharge measurement devices (SCADA) will be installed. 2.3 Modernization of the Irrigation Management System The Sub-Project activities for modemization of the irrigation management system will consist of: * Electrification of the operation of water control structures down and including the structures controlling water into the secondary canals; o Upgrading the technical capacity of irrigation management personnel; ° Upgrading the equipment and management facilities of the Ke Go IMC offices including the Management Stations; and * Improvement of the water user fee policies and the application and implementation of those policies. 2.3.1 Summary of Surface Transportation Upgrading Table 10 contains a summary of the planned upgrading of the surface transportation system within the Ke Go Sub-Project. 2.3.2 Drainage System Drainage ability will be improved in whole scheme by repairing damaged drainage structures. 2.3.3 Requirements for Resettlement and Compensation for Land Acquisition As currently configured, the Ke Go Sub-Project will not require any resettlement (Table 11). There are some very modest requirements for compensation as a result of land acquisition. It must be recognized, however, that the resettlement and compensation estimates contained in Table 11 do not include requirements that might occur when implementing the completion of the canal system at lower (tertiary and on-farm) levels. 2.4 Expected Changes in Agricultural Land Use Table 12 provides the expected changes in land use within the command area as a result of Sub- Project '° Does not include on-farm canal system. 14 implementation". The Sub-Project is expected to provide an additional 13,440 ha of cultivated agriculture per year. Table 10: Description of planned upgrades to surface transportation in Ke Go Sub-Project. Len gth (km) Width () Excavation Earth-fill Other Type Current With Current With (n)in) Fill (mn3) ISub-ProJect ______ Sub-Project__________ Management Road for 20 20 4-8 6 13,850 16,590 1,169 Headworks Management Road along Main 17.2 17.2 3 6 Canals * Quanfities are included in quantities for Management canals (Table 9) Road along 100 100 1-5 Na Primary Canals Roads/Paths Roads/Paths . not available in design along Lower documents 0.8 . not available in design documents Level Canals doIet Table 11: Summary of resettlement and compensation requirements for Ke Go Sub-Project. Sub-Project Component No. Households to be Land Acquisiti on (ha) Resettled Permanent Temporary Headworks 0 0.6 0 Canals 0 103.17 60 Total 0 103.77 60 Table 12: Expected changes in agricultural land use within the command area with Sub-Project implementation. Land Use Type Current With Increment _____ _____ _____ _____ ____ P roject _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Winter/Spnng Rice 7,061 13,780 6,719 Summer Rice 8,097 12,747 4,650 Seasonal Rice 0 3,273 3,273 Peanut 2,063 1,550 (513)|| Sweet Potato 2,067 1,378 (8)l Total 19,288 32,728 13,440 " Derived from information provided in the financial analysis section of the final VRWAP PFS, submitted to MARD in March, 2003. 15 3: DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT 3.1 Location of Sub-Proiect The location of the Ke Go Irrigation Scheme is as follows: * the catchment area is in the Rao Cai River Basin of Ha Tinh Province; this catchment 's borderline is from the North latitude 180 to 10015, and East longitude from 105045 to 10605, and flow generated from the mountain with the height from 300-400 m; e the Reservoir and headworks are located in Cam Xuyen Distrct of Ha Tinh Province, about 300 km south of Ha Noi; ethe irrigation system covers an area of 21,136 ha which includes: - 18 communes of Cam Xuyen District; - 32 communes of Thach Ha District; - 10 communes of Ha Tinh Town Just over 350,000 persons reside in the districts that form the Sub-Project. The Sub-Project Area has an average population density of 1,080 people per km2. Population densities vary markedly across the scheme with the most sparsely populated area being Thach Ha District with 584 persons per km2 and with Ha Tinh Town, with 1,917 persons per km2 . All Sub-Project residents are of the Kinh ethnic group. Most of the land in the Sub-Project is used for agriculture, and there remains only a small amount of unused land. Synoptic information for the Sub-Project area is presented in Table 13 and Table 14. 3.2 Phvsical Resources 3.2.1 Climate Ke Go's catchment area and its irrigation scheme lies in the tropical monsoonal region. Being located in middle part of Viet Nam, the Ke Go Sub-Project Area has two distinct seasons: the summer-autumn season with the Lao wind which is very dry and hot (May to September) and; the autumn-winter season with heavy rainfall at times accompanied by typhoons and tropical storms causing flooding (October to April). Temperature The mean monthly temperature is around 23 to 240C, with little change throughout the year (Figure 3); the maximum temperature is 300C in June and July, while lowest temperatures are 180C in January. Rainfall The Sub-Project area has a tropical monsoon climate, with a pronounced rainy season from May to September, and a dry season from October to April (Figure 3). Total mean annual rainfall in the Ke Go area is about 2,700 mm, with almost 70% of this precipitation occurring in the rainy season. Relative Humidity The mean relative humidity in Sub-Project area is high, the annual mean relative humidity is 85%, with highest humidity (93%) in February and lowest humidity (74%) in July (Table 15). Sunshine Hours Sunshine hours are limited, with an annual average of slightly more than 1,570 sunshine hours, equivalent to about 4.3 hours a day (Table 15). Evaporation Annual potential evaporation is 807 mm. The highest monthly evaporation is 135 mm (4 mm/day) in July, and the lowest monthly evaporation is 26 mm in February. 3.2.2 Landforms and Topo2raphv The Ke Go Reservoir catchment lies in the mountainous areas of Huong Son, Huonh Khe, Cam Xuyen, and Ky Anh districts of Ha Tinh Province. This catchment lies between the North Truong Son Mountains and the Deo Ngang Mountain Pass between Ha Tinh and Quang Binh Provinces. The topography and terrain of Ha Tinh Province can be divided into four main types: Mountainous Terrain This terrain is mainly found in the North Truong Son Mountains and Deo Ngang Mountain Pass. The topography is very complicated and is comprised of mountains with the elevation 16 Table 13: Synoptic land use information for the Ke Go Sub-Project Area".~ Basic Information ____ ____-Agricultural land use ________Forest Are ~ Nature Reserves E co 0~~~~~ 75 -s 0) t Ei~) c~ (U C ~~~~~~CE Cl) C (U.2 (U , C aO E o 0 a,0 * . ., m ' oL Ow '0 to~ (Uz ~ 0U N3 + N5 Pilot Area Cam Thanh Commune 1,0971 7,404 675 641 540 547 0 ~ 7 0 01 0 0 Cam Binh Commune 1,0881 5,538 509 606 520 508 I __0 0 0 01 0 0 Cam VinhComun_e_ 741 4,303 581 377 280 291 1 0j 0 0 0 [ 0 0 Thach Binh Commune 370 2,326 629 128 140 1 0 N4 + N6 Pilot Area Cam Thang Commune 681 4,245 623 384 290 280 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cam Huy Commune 892 4,185 469 489 362 364 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cam Phuc Commune 792 3,883 490 372 230 116 54 0 0 000 Cam Xuyen Town 655 794 1,220 257 235 200 0 0 0 0 00 Summary, Pilot areas 7,271 45,985 648 3,432 2,925 2,798 __ ___ 54 7 0 0 00 Complete Command Area Ha Tinh Town 3,065 57,516 1,9171 1,7781 1,028 1,212 390 45 [ 3] 01 0 0 0 Thc aDstrict J 30,783 179,635 584 15,235 7,610 5,849 j2,785 2,451 1,0921 01 0 0 0 Cam Xuyen District 24,346 118,217 7381 8,7941 6,695 5.820 1,300 39 __0J 4,3721 0 7,998 0 Summary, Complete Command Area J 58,194 355,468 1,0801 25,807 ____ 533 12,881 ____ 4,475] 2,889 1,0951 4,3721 7,998 0 Upstream Area ofPoec Thach Dien Commune 2,937 5,81 9 0 313 34J0--I Cam My Commune * 16,140 6,20 3 38 417 200 209 j40 3,253 7,972 7,972 Cam Thinh 7,6811 6,450 84J 628 515 374 32 J2,162 3,3661 3,366 Summary, Upstream D-is-t-rIcts 26,758 4 18,465 110 1,446 1,028 897 72 _____j5,415 11,338 111,338 1 2Information is provided only for administrative units that are w'ithin particular parts of the Sub-Project; the boundaries of these administrative units do not necessarily correspond to the boundaries of the pilot areas, command areas, or areas of influence of the major headworks. The data give a qualitative understanding of the socioeconomic status of the Sub-Project area. 1 7 Table 14: Synoptic socioeconomic information for the Ke Go Sub-Project" Cultural, Basic Information Household Size Poverty Ethnlc Minorities Historic _________ _________ ______ ________ ______ ______ ______ Sites~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Site fu z Ca 7S < ui I I .u -. l3 - 0 O . E- -Ea. -E -r-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~N3 +N5 Pilot Area -- Z Cam Thnh Comune 1,097 1 7,404 1.1097 1,806 I4.10 1,461 10.43 NA 0 100 0~ O 0 OjI 01 0 0 0 0 0 1,08 55381 1088i-6 -- ---- - - O-O ----Ol ---r- ---- -...............-- - 1---- Cam Binh Commune 1,8 ,31,81 1,354 4.8 1051 0.55 N 0 ~ 00 1 0 0 - -… - I -I~~~~~~~~~~~~....... ......-------- --- -- - - -- -----. f - - Cam Vinh Commune 7411 4,303 1 741 F 1,0371 4.15 839 1 0.45 NA 0 100 01 0 0 0 0 01 0 01 0 0 achBinhCommune --- 3701 2,~~326 370 56 4.4 4351 1 NAI 0 100 0j 0 ] 0 0 of o J 0 0 I. - I.…- - --------..... ----------- -----------L ..... .. … N4 + N6 Pilot Area …...…---- -- --- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - … -- - - - - -- - - - -- ----- - . .. - ---- - - - - - -- - -- - - - - - …-…-- - - --- -- - - - - --- - - - - -- Ca Quang Commune 953 i 6,1071 641 1,1 4.03l- 1,22 033 NA 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ca Thang Commune 681 I ,4 623 100[4.20 81 047J 0 100 0 0 01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cam Huy Commune 892 1 4,185 46 95j4.25 79 .1 N 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 00 Cam Phuc Commune 7921 3,883 1 490 936 4.15 757' 0.49 Ni 0 100 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 ------ ----------- ----------- -------- ---- ..--- ---- -- - ------------ -- --- ---- - …----- Cam Xuyen Town ~~~~655 7,9941 1,220 1964,40 1,8O.6 N 100oo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 .... ...... . ....…---…N. ------ ---- ---- - - ~-- .---- ...... ----- - - --- -------- …...... Summ., Pilot Area Communes-- 7,271 45,985 I4~ 113 4.12 9,015 j0.43 NA1 0 100 0 0 oj o o o o 0 o ---~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Complee Command Area Ha flhTown 3,065 57,516 I1,917 14,028 4.1 5,597 0.31 13.1 0 100 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 T 02 Tach Ha Distjict 30,73 179,635! 58.4 41,775 4.3 31,583 0.48 32.3 0 100 ~0 0 01 0 0 0 0 01 0 3 -- I ~~~~~~~~~--------- ... --------- -- ----- - ---- ........--- ---- ---------- - ---- -- ------- Summ., Command Area 58,194 ~~355,4681 1,080 73,950 4.2 J51,861 0.46 22.4 0 100 0 -_0 0 l ___07 -- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Upstream Area of Sub-Pr tct 1 1 I o T- *1 1 --...-----.- --- -.----- -- -----.--- ------ ---------------.- ach Dien Commune 2,937 5,812 I 198 1,236~~~~ 4.7] 74110.541 NA 0 100 o o 0 0 o10 O0 Chamh Dienh Commune 7,681-6,4501 84 -1,16 4.91 79080.799N 0 0 0 0 ol 0 0 040 Cam My Commune 16,140 6,203 I 38 1,279 4.85 767I 0.54 NA 0 100 0 0 04 0 0 0 0 Summary, Upstream Area 26758 J 18,4653 110 1,8316 48]2,9 0.62 NA] 0 100 oj0 010 J___O 13 Information is provided only for administrative units that are within particular parts of the Sub-Project; the boundaries of these administrative units do not necessarily correspond to the boundaries of the pilot areas, command areas, or areas of influence of the major headworks. The data give a qualitative understanding of the socioeconomic status of the Sub-Project area. 1 8 35 , 1 , r,,,I2000 C, 30 - 1500 - ~25 -1000 ± 0 20 - 500 0 _ 15 L 011 1 __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ MONTH MONTH Figure 3: Historical monthly temperature (°C) and precipitation (mm) in Ke Go Sub-Project Area. Source: Ha Tinh Town Hydrometeorological Station. Data are from 1991 to 2001. Table 15: Basic climate information for Ke Go Sub-Project. Factor Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average Temp 18.4 18.4 21.1 24.8 27.8 29.9 29.8 29 27 24.5 21.6 18.7 Numberof sunshine 76.3 51.9 72.8 133.2 197.1 200.8 212.9 190.3 147.8 129.3 100.4 59.1 hour in months Rainfall (mm) 105.9 67 54.9 76.3 194.1 130.2 95.3 227.3 471 831 259.9 203.1 Mean relative 91 93 91 89 82 75 74 79 86 88 87 89 Source: Ha Tinh Town Hydrometeorological Station. averaging about 400 m (the highest mountain is 1040 m elevation) and also numerous low mountains with average elevation from 80-130 m and many streams. Hilly Terrain This is a transition landform from the mountainous terrain (above) to the alluvial plain (below). This area lies along National Road No. 15. The landforms intermix between the medium hills and low large uneven plain. Alluvial Terrain This region is formed by the old alluvial river and marine sediments. The entire command area lies on this region from the Sot to the Nhuong River Mouths. This terrain is rather flat, sloping from west to east, and with average elevation of 4.0 m (while the highest and lowest elevations are 10 m and 2.5 m, respectively). Coastal Terrain This region lies from National Road No. 1 to the coast. It is formed by sea alluvium, but also contains sandy dunes along the coast. 3.2.3 Soils The soils of the Sub-Project Area consist of three main groups: Coastal Plain and Valley Soils; and Terrace soils: Coastal Plain and Valley Soils (93%) consist of four sub-groups: - Sandy Soils (22%) These soils are characterized by low amounts of humus (from 0.2 to 0.7%), low total nitrogen, low phosphate, and low acidity. These soils are found along the coast in Cam Xuyen and Thach Ha Districts. Land containing these soils contains bare or artificial forest; some parts grow 19 dryland crops or short period industrial plants. - Saline Soils (3%) are found along the coast. On the low saline soils rice and dryland crops can be grown, but crop yields are low in drought years. On the heavy saline soils, there are some aquaculture ponds, or white salt production fields, and some parts are still unused (likely coastal wetlands). - Saline acid soils (10%) are found in lowlands. These soils are clayey and contain medium amounts of humus. Rice is cultivated on these soils. - Alluvial Soils (58%) are classified by annual upgraded alluvium soil, rare upgraded alluvium soil, low clay alluvium soil, medium or high clay alluvium soil, old alluvium soil and river alluvium soil in the mountain areas. These soils are high in nutrients and are used to grow rice, dryland crops, and short duration industrial crops. Most of the command area is comprised of these soils. Terrace Soils (7%) These soils have good nutrient content and are used to cultivate fruit trees. 3.2.4 Surface Water Hvdrology The hydrology of the Sub-Project Area comprises the Ke Go Reservoir, and the Rao Cai River. The Rao Cai River is only 29.4 km long, but the catchment area is rather large, with the width of 9km, and the average slope is 0.20/40.There are separately flood season and dry season in Ha Tinh Province. The flood season is late, from August to October; and the small floods often appear during May or June. Rao Cal River The Rao Cai River catchment is located in a high rainfall area, and the surface water quantity is rather abundant and depends on the rainfall completely. The annual flow is not evenly distributed throughout the year and the flood season accounts for 60 to 85% of the total annual flow. The average minimum monthly flow is 1.9 m3/s, and the average annual flow is 56.3 I/s-kM2; and the flow coefficient is 0.57. Ke Go Reservoir The Ke Go Reservoir is fed from a number of streams and rivers, of which the main river is Rao Cai River. There are two precipitation seasons in the Ke Go Reservoir catchment; the initiation of the first flood season is May with the main flood season is delayed by one or two months in comparison with other areas. The main flood season starts from August to the end December, and dry season lasts six or seven months in the year. As with the temporal pattem of rainfall, more than 70% of the total annual flow concentrated in five months of the wet season, and only 30% of the flow occurs in the dry season. Yearly flow is from 40 to 50 I/s-km2 and the water potential in this watershed is rather high. The average measured flow at Ke Go hydrological station is 13.6 m3/s. The probable maximum flood frequency usually occurs in October (please see Figure 4 for a description of changes in Ke Go Reservoir level). Salinity Intrusion After the construction of Ke Go Reservoir, the river flow was more strong affected by the downstream tidal regime. The tidal amplitude is from 1.5 to 2.0 m and can reach up to 3.0 m in some cases with a high flood tide. In the dry season, no water is discharged into the river downstream of the command area, and salinity intrusion reaches to within 8 km downstream of the main dam. 3.2.5 Surface Water QualitV There is no regular surface water quality monitoring of any kind within the Sub-Project Area and it is therefore not possible to make any comprehensive quantitative assessment of current water quality conditions within the Sub- Project Area. There have been a number of water quality surveys conducted, including a survey conducted as part of the preparation of this EIA; the main results of these surveys are found in Annex 4 (national water quality standards are provided in Annex 5). The main features of surface water quality in the Sub-Project Area are as follows. Ke Go Reservoir The reservoir generally has good quality water with most water quality parameters within national surface water quality standards. The Reservoir has a tendency towards eutrophication, as evidenced by high phosphate levels14. In addition, parameters such as COD and dissolved oxygen in recent years have become above national surface water quality standards. Heavy metals have not been found yet in the reservoir. Command Area The limited water quality surveys that have been conducted in the command area to date indicate that surface water quality is generally acceptable, save for coliform levels and bacterial contamination. 14 Value of P04-P < .01 mg/I, eutrophication risk is Low; .01 to .04 mg/l, risk is Medium; > .04 mg/i, risk is High. Source: ANZECC/ARMCANZ (2000) 20 40 1 I I 1 I I I I Figure 4: Ke Go Reservoir level. Data from 1990 to 2001, Ke Go IMC. 30 T CO T 20 loI I I I I I I MONTH Pesticide levels in surface waters of the command area are unknown. 3.2.6 Groundwater Resources Shallow groundwater resources throughout the Ke Go Irrigation Scheme have become more abundant as a result of development of the Ke Go Reservoir and increasing supply of water for irrigatiorl. The groundwater levels depend on the water levels of Ke Go Reservoir and irrigation canal network, with groundwater levels changing with the amount of irrigation water supplied and used and the amount of precipitation. In rainy season, the groundwater level is from 0.5 - 1.5 m, and the dry season from 2.0-3.0 m. Groundwater resources in the Sub- Project Area are generally adequate and meet national groundwater quality standards except for bacterial pollution (coliform, and E.coli) (Annex 4 contains information on groundwater quality in the Sub-Project Area). In addition, a number of other water quality parameters periodically exceed national standards. The deep groundwater resources are often polluted by salinity intrusion. Groundwater at a depth of greater than 5.0 m generally can not currently be used for any purpose. Pesticide levels in the groundwater resources of the Sub-Project Area are unknown. 3.2.7 Air (uality None of the air quality monitoring stations in the national Environmental Monitoring system maintained by the National Environment Agency of Viet Nam are located in or near the Sub-Project Area, and there are therefore no long term records of air quality from the Sub-Project Area. Notwithstanding this lack of information, air quality appears to be generally good in the Sub-Project Area, with low levels of industrialization and not being downwind of major industrial facilities. Local residents indicated that they believed the climate has moderated, with less extreme hot days, as a result of constructing the Ke Go Reservoir. 3.2.8 Mineral Resources There are a number of mineral resources in the Sub-Project Area: Iron is found in Thach Khe (the coastal area of Thach Ha distrct), about 7km north east of Ha Tinh Town. The 2 1 estimation of this iron ore reserve is about 544 million tonnes, occupying nearly 50% of the total national iron ore reserves. Titanium: Inmenhite mineral, containing titanium, is found along the coastal areas of Thach Ha, Cam Xuyen, Ky Anh and Nghi Xuan Districts. The reserves are estimated at 5.4 million t Inmenhite and 322,000 t Zircon. 3.3 Biological Resources 3.3.1 Terrestrial Ecosvstems and Biodiversity The area in which the Sub-Project is located is a transition from the Truong Son Mountains to hilly areas along the coast and Ha Tinh flat plain. There are essentially two types of terrestrial ecosystems in the Sub-Project Area: * The catchment of the Ke Go Reservoir with mixed vegetative structure, largely forested consisting either natural forest and regenerated forest or artificial regenerated forest. The Ke Go Nature Reserve is found in this catchment area (see below); and a A highly simplified agricultural ecosystem that produces annual crops, interspersed with fruit trees and trees planted for shelter and fuelwood purposes. The command area consists of almost entirely this type of terrestrial ecosystem. 3.3.2 Forest Resources There are 5,467 ha of land designated as production forest within the districts and communes that form the Sub- Project Area (Table 13, Page 17). This land is found on the hills that are scattered throughout the Sub-Project Area, mostly to the immediate west and south of the main command area. Forests on these hills are secondary forests, scrubby, and highly degraded due to long-term exploitation for fuelwood and other purposes. Some of these areas have been artificially regenerated with eucalyptus and other tree species. These hill area production forests lie outside of the actual land that is currently served by the Ke Go Irrigation Scheme and there is no pumping contemplated in the Ke Go Sub-Project to deliver irrigation water to even the lower slopes of these hills. In fact, while the original design of the Irrigation Scheme called for some of the lower slopes of these hill areas to be serviced, the current Sub-Project will not provide irrigation water to these areas. 3.3.3 Aquatic Ecosvstems and Biodiversitv There are essentially four types of aquatic ecosystems in the Sub-Project Area: o The highly simplified and modified aquatic ecosystems of the aquaculture farming areas in the brackish water along coastal benches. Aquaculture has developed quickly in recent years; o The highly simplified aquatic ecosystem represented by the irrigation canals; o The aquatic ecosystems of the major rivers running through the Sub-Project Area; and * The Ke Go Reservoir. In the initial years of Ke Go Reservoir operation, fishery resources increased dramatically with the flush of nutrients into the ecosystem. Now, many years after this nutrient flush, increased sedimentation of the reservoir reducing aquatic habitat, and overfishing, aquatic biodiversity in the reservoir is rather poor. Both fisheries catch and catch per fisherman, an index of reservoir fisheries population have declined in recent years. 3.3.4 Biodiversity Flora and fauna have been severely affected by the loss of habitat and exploitation. Biodiversity surveys have not been conducted specifically in the Sub-Project Area, but surveys have been conducted in the Ke Go Nature Reserve and the Nature Reserve does contain a number of rare and endangered species, a number of which are on the 2002 IUCN Redlist of Endangered Species (Table 16, Annex 6). To date 270 species of bird and 567 species of plant have been recorded in the Ke Go Nature Reserve. The recently described Giant Muntjac Meaamuntiacus vuauangensis, is among 47 species of mammal recorded from the Nature Reserve. Ke Go Nature Reserve also conserves populations of 10 species of bird and 18 species of mammal now threatened with extinction (Anon. 1992, Collar et al. 1994). The species diversity and levels of endemism within Ke Go Nature Reserve make its conservation a priority of international importance. 22 3.3.5 Nature Reserves and Protected Areas The Ke Go Nature Reserve is located in Huong Khe, Cam Xuyen, and Ky Anh Districts in Ha Tinh Province (Annex 7). It comprises a 24,800 ha area within largest remaining block of broad-leaved evergreen forest in the level lowlands of central Vietnam. The Natural Reserve conserves a representative example of the lowland forest habitat which formerly extended throughout the coastal plain of central Vietnam but which has now largely been cleared for agriculture. These forests of central Vietnam comprises a biodiversity 'hotspot', the so-called Annamese Lowlands Endemic Bird Area (ICBP 1992). The richness of the region's biodiversity is reflected in high levels of bird endemism; four species of bird have their global ranges confined to this small region. The Ke Go Nature Reserve aims to conserve populations of the two species which are confined to the northern part of this region - the boundaries of the natural reserve encompass all the recent forested localities in Ha Tinh Province for Vietnamese Pheasant Lophura hatinhensis and the locality from which Imperial Pheasant Lophura imperialis was collected in 1990. Much of the Ke Go Nature Reserve lies within the watershed of the Ke Go Reservoir which provides irrigation water to villages in Cam Xuyen District. Watercourses in the south-eastern part of the Natural Reserve drain into the Gianh River watershed which forms the major river system in northem Quang Binh Province. Thus the Natural Reserve has a great economic value maintaining the agricultural viability of the surrounding agricultural areas. The park is divided into two zones, which based the biodiversity value, the current condition of the vegetation and present land-use, comprising a core zone of 20,537 ha-and a habitat rehabilitation zone of 4,264 ha. The Nature Reserve offers some potential for environmental education and promoting public awareness. The protected area is considered to have a low potential for tourism. 3.4 Socioeconomic Resources 3.4.1 Population, Demo2raphy, and Ethnic Composition The population of Sub-Project Area is 373,933 persons (Table 14, Page 18). The districts in the command area of the Sub-Project contain 355,468 persons, with population density of 1,080 persons per kM2, with the highest population density in Ha Tinh Town with 1,917 persons/km2. About 18% of the population is less than 18 years of age and about 90% of total households are farm households. The average household size is 4.7. All of the population in the Sub-Project Area is Kinh; there are no members of ethnic minority groups in the command area. 3.4.2 Irrigation, Agriculture and Commoditv Production Irrigation Ke Go Reservoir started operation in 1983 to irrigate the region located in Cam Xuyen, Thach Ha Districts and Ha Tinh Town. One main irrigation canal of (capacity of 28.2 m3/s) and nine primary canals with total length of 90 km provide water for the command area. The main objective of the Ke Go Reservoir scheme was to provide water for irrigation of 21,136 ha in Ha Tinh Province. In fact, the irrigated area of Ke Go Reservoir is 13,700 ha (about 66% of total designed area), of which 10,676 ha (76%) receive sufficient supplies of water, the rest often suffering from inadequate supplies. Almost of the drought areas are located at the bottom end of the primary canals. Drought is a frequent occurrence in the central provinces of Vietnam every year and was most severe in 1982, 1993, and 1998. 1998 was a particularly severe year for drought; a total of 28,300 ha of rice suffered from drought in Ha Tinh Province, of which 12,500 ha autumn-summer rice and summer rice were completely lost. Salinity intrusion makes damage more severe in the parts lying along the river banks. This problem is crtical during dry season when Ke Go Reservoir does not discharge water into the rivers downstream. Waterlogging is also problem in this area because the drainage system was not completely constructed and much reliance for drainage is placed on the natural rivers of the Sub-Project Area. For example, in the pilot areas, in 2001, about 300 ha were waterlogged, in which 200 ha of crops were lost completely. Agriculture Agriculture is the dominant economic activity of both the command area and the entire Sub-Project Area, comprising 44.3% of the total land in the districts with land within the command area: o 74% of this agricultural area is used for the production of annual crops, including rice and maize; 23 Table 16: Summary of rare and endangered species found in the Ke Go Nature Reserve. Class of Species No. Spcies on IUCN 2000 Red List No. Species in Viet Nam Red Book Plant 10 10 Mammals 18 16 Reptiles 8 0 Birds 16 9 * 21% of this agricultural area is in food crops including groundnut, sugarcane, cassava, sweet potatoes, sesame, onion, various types of bean, and vegetables; and o 5% remain area is fruit trees, tea, and rubber tree. The cropping pattern applied by the farmers largely depends on the availability of irrigation water. If sufficient water is available at the proper times of the year, winter-spring rice and autumn-summer rice is the common cropping pattern. In some parts, water is not available from May and June for Autumn-summer rice crop, so in those parts will be grown summer rice crop starting later than one month as same time starting rainy season. In rainfed irrigation conditions, there are nearly 3,000 ha summer rice crop and some other food crops. In strictly rainfed irrigation conditions, sugarcane, cassava and tea, rubber tree, fruit trees are the most common crops. Crop diversification is increasing in the command area. Cropping Intensity and Yield'5 Cropping intensities vary from season to season and according to the location in the scheme. The average cropping intensity (Cl) in the winter-spring season is nearly 76%, and 66% in the summer/autumn and summer season. In the winter/spring season, agricultural development is limited to small- scale cultivation of vegetables, groundnut and sweet potatoes, and the cropping intensity does not go beyond 40%. The annual cropping intensity for the entire scheme is about 180 percent. The Cl is highest in the upper reaches of the scheme and at the head ends of the primary and secondary canals, as farmers there get adequate irrigation water supplies to cultivate land. In the tail-end areas of the canal commands, crops sometimes fail to mature either because of shortage of water or waterlogging caused by seepage and flooding. The average annual yield of paddy rice is low; the average rice yield is 4 t/ha and varies from 3 to 5.5 t/ha. The average yield of maize is 2.6 t/ha, the soybean 0.8 t/ha, sweet potatoes 4.5-5.5 t/ha, cassava 5-6 t/ha, and groundnut 1.3-1.5 t/ha. Low rice yields are mainly owing to poor soil quality, inadequate irrigation water, inadequate application of fertilizer, and widespread use of low quality seeds. [PM While IPM programs have been developed in communes located in the Sub-Project area, the reach of the IPM programs appears to be somewhat limited; about 70% of total communes in command area that have received IPM extension services or training in use of IPM techniques. In which about 50% of total villages have received IPM services or training in use of IPM techniques. The results of application of IPM technique have not changed the habits of farmers to use fertilizer and pesticide during past five years (1997-2001). The total fertilizer and pesticide applied in one ha cultivated land are 1501 kg and 1.15kg, respectively. 3.4.3 Aciuaculture Development of brackish water aquaculture is a strong driving force in the coastal areas of Ha Tinh Province, mostly due to the ongoing implementation of the National Aquaculture Development Program (1999-2010)16. Aquaculture is developing in Cam Xuyen and Thach Ha Districts, as well as Ha Tinh Town (Table 17). Brackish water aquaculture area increased 112% between 1996 to 2000 in the entire Sub-Project Area and in the current provincial economic development plan, the total area of brackish aquaculture in 2010 is scheduled to be 352% of the brackish water aquaculture area of 2000. The water use and allocation by the Sub-Project for aquaculture will represent about 30% of total water supplied to brackish water aquaculture, with 10% coming from rainfall and 60% from marine waters"7. Common tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon, is the most common brackish water aquaculture commodity produced and extensive, semi-intensive and intensive cultivation is practiced. While the yield under intensive cultivation can be very high, iS This section is excerpted from the Ke Go initial Social Assessment Report. 16 This has been accompanied by a concomitant decrease in the area of mangrove and other wetlands in coastal Ha Tinh Province (as indicated in Coastal and Marine Environmental Management Database prepared as part of ADB 5712-REG: Coastal and Marine Environmental Management in the South China Sea, Phase 2, September 2000). 7 None will be supplied by groundwater. 24 Table 17: Brackish water aquaculture development area in the Sub-Project Area (ha). I_____ Total Area (ha) District 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Planned ______________ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~Ifor 201 0 Ha Tinh Town 10 45 33 33 33 140 Thach Ha 387 385 397 449 489 1,496 11District __ Cam Xuyen 135 132 132 132 73 462 Total 532 562 562 614 595 2,098 Source: Ha Tinh Aquaculture Departnent up to 2 t/ha/crop with 2 crops per year, intensive cultivation is expensive, requiring high capital investments and so most of the aquaculture is of the extensive variety, with much lower yields. Average annual yield is 0.1 t/ha. There is little separation of water supply and drainage in the aquaculture areas and there is high water pollution of aquaculture ponds due to poor pond layout. Pond sediment waste which much be disposed of between crops is about 100 wet weight t/ha/crop (with 76% water content). Viral disease is a common problem with brackish water aquaculture throughout coastal Viet Nam. 3.4.4 Household Income and Incidence of Poverty The average annual per capita net income (from all sources and including all costs) in the two pilot areas is VND 1.56 million (US $101); about 90% of this is generated from agricultural activities (the rest from other activities such as hired-labor, secondary businesses, and handicrafts), and about 68% of the per capita total net income is generated from rice cultivation. About 26% of the households in the two pilot areas do not meet the threshold poverty level of VND 100,000 per person per month (set by the 2001 National Strategy for Poverty Alleviation and Employment) (Figure 5). 3.4.5 Drinking Water Ouality The drinking water supply for Ha Tinh town is piped from the Boc Nguyen Reservoir, located next to the Ke Go Reservoir. The drinking water supply in rural area is mostly from dug wells into shallow groundwater. This groundwater source depends on the Ke Go Reservoir water level and operation of the canal network. Many households interviewed in the pilot areas use rain water for their drinking purpose and well water for their domestic purpose, although some households use well water for their both purposes. Most pilot area households are satisfied with their domestic and drinking water supply, although groundwater quality surveys of shallow wells in the pilot areas suggest that this water does not meet all national drinking water standards, particularly for coliform and bacterial contamination (Annex 4). 3.4.6 Disease and Public Health The Sub-Project Area experiences most of the well-known diseases of tropical and sub-tropical areas. Although no specific data were obtained relating to health conditions of the residents, the universal presence of bacterial contamination in domestic and drinking water supplies means that beneficiaries are at risk to water-borne diseases of bacterial origin are likely prevalent. However, some interviewed people indicate that the incidence of waterbome diseases has decreased in the Sub-Project Area in recent years due to improved sanitary water supply and improved education on public hygiene. 3.4.7 Industry The level of industrialization in most of the command area is extremely low and consists large of small scale agricultural support enterprises. Main industrial activities consist of white salt production at some places along the coastal area of Cam Xuyen, Thach Ha Districts, processing of aquatic products, and forest products processing, all of which are on a relatively small scale. 25 100 - - a 90--- .. . 80 E 0 o 70 ------ - - - - . 60 - ¢ 50-------- - - -- - -- _ - _ ------ --- - _-_ a C Poverty Threshold Set By 2001 Nat-onal Strategy for O Poverty Alleviation and Employmwnt ,a 40 - - - - ---.- -- - .--_-.-_-_-_---*--.--. - . -___-___ _ . ._ .- - a 30 * o. 20 CL~~~~ 10 *-- C---___- 0 0 --- - - -- - -- _-- ---- -- - - - - - - --------. _ _- _ _ - _ - 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Monthly Per Capita Income ('OOO VND) Figure 5: Incidence of poverty in two pilot areas. Data collected in socioeconomic survey conducted by Consultant. 3.4.8 Tourism Resources There are a number of tourism resources in the Sub-Project Area. Cam Xuyen, Thach Ha have long beaches that are becoming increasingly attractive to tourists. The Ke Go Reservoir is designated as a priority tourism zone for provincial tourism development, although tourist visits to the reservoir are still rather low. There are no plans to introduce tourism into the Ke Go Nature Reserve. 3.4.9 Cultural, Aesthetic, and Historic Features There are 5 designated national cultural and historic sites in the districts which form the Sub-Project Area (Table 18)'8. None of these designated national sites are found in the three pilot areas. 3.4.10 Naviiation and Transportation Transportation Transportation along the main roads throughout the Sub-Project Area is good. The national road NlA and the railway from the north to the south are good quality; travel by road from Ha Noi to Ha Tinh now takes no more than six hours. All communes and many villages are serviced by roads. However, the provincial, district, and commune roads are in poor condition. These roads are unsurfaced, mostly ungraded, and are difficult to use; especially in the rainy season. This is especially true of the road from the provincial road to the Ke Go Reservoir Headworks and the paths running along the primary canals. Navigation There are many rivers in the Sub-Project Area, but all of them are small and high slope and limited length, so no navigation is limited in this area. 18 We were not able to obtain information on provincial cultural and historic sites. 26 Table 18: Cultural and historic sites in districts that form the Sub-Project Area. Name Location Designation Le Khoi Temple and Tomb (Chieu Thach Kim Comm., Thach Historical site Trung Dai Vuong) Ha Dist. Mr. Mai. Kinh House, estWbished Thach Viet comm., Thach Ha Tinh Party Committee (Sep, Ha dist. Historical site Mr. Ha Huy Tap Keppsake House m Hung comm., Cam Historical site Xuyen dist. Cam Nhuong comm., Cam Yen Lac Pagoda Xuyen dist. __ President Ho Chi Minh keepsake house- President visited and Bac Ha street, Ha Tinh Historical site worked with Ha Tinh residents Town (dated 15/6/1957) _ . 27 4: IMPACT ASSESSMENT Table 19 contains a summary of the predicted environmental impacts of the Ke Go Sub-Project. The detailed rationale for the assessment of specific impacts contained in Table 19 is given below, beginning with Section 4.3, Page 30). 4.1 Environmental Impact Assessment Methodologv The potential impacts of the Ke Go Sub-Project on each environmental resource are assessed as being in one of the following seven categories'9: NO IMPACT This assessment is made when there is no impact of the Sub-Project on the environmental resource of concern. This assessment is made if the Sub-Project actvities of concem is to be spatially or temporally removed from the environmental resource. SIGNIFICANT AND UNMITIGABLE IMPACT This assessment is made when there is expected to be an impact of the Sub-Project on the environmental resource of concem and: - the time scale of the impact is equal to or longer than the life span or time scale of the resource of concern OR - the area over which the impact may occur is equal to or larger than the area over which the resource of concem occurs OR - the magnitude of the impact is equal to or larger relative to the abundance or quality of the resource of concern OR - the environmental resource of concem: (i) is important to local human populations; (ii) requires compliance with national, provincial, or district environmental protection laws, standards, and regulations20; (iii) requires compliance with Vietnam's international commitments21, triggers one of the IDA operational policies on environment; AND any one of the following: - there are no known mitigations OR - it is uncertain whether the significant impact can be effectively mitigated with available mitigation activities. MITIGABLE IMPACT The impact is Significant, as described above, but it can be effectively mitigated, through one of the following methods: - Impact Avoidance - some aspect of the Sub-Project design, construction, or operation is changed such that the impact no longer occurs; - Impact Minimization - measures are taken to reduce impacts to acceptable levels (e.g., ensuring that TCVN emission standards are met or a canal lining program the minimizes disruption to water users); - Impact Rectification - the impact is allowed to occur, but mitigation measures are subsequently taken to rehabilitate the environment to a level whereby the impact is within acceptable limits, such as restoring and re-vegetating borrow sites; or - Impact Compensation - the impact is allowed to occur but non-monetary compensation (first priority) or monetary compensation (second priority) are provided for losses created by the impact, such as in the case of resettlement or reforestation of an equivalent amount of forested land permanently lost through (say) construction of a new spillway. This Chapter outlines the recommended mitigation and Chapter 5 presents each of the required mitigation A general comment to the assessment of impacts contained in this EIA is that the actual amounts, scheduling, and location of various types of engineering used in the assessment of impacts are those contained in the following documents: . Final VRWAP Pre-feasibility Study Report submitted to MARD and IDA in March 2003 . Ke Go Irrigation System Feasibility Study Report: Report on Dam Safety . Ke Go Irrigation System Feasibility Study Report: Water Balance Report . Ke Go Irrigation System Feasibility Study Report: Report on Modemization of Ke Go Irrigation System. 20 Key Vietnamese documents include: Law on Environmental Protection (1993); CP 175 Providing Guidance on the Implementation of the Law on Environmental Protection (1994); CP 490 Circular letter of Guidance on Setting up and Appraising the Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Investment Projects (1998); and Tieu Chuan Viet Nam (1995, 1998, 2001) - national ambient and industrial air/water quality standards. 21 These include the Convention on Wetlands of Intemational Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (RAMSAR), the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (World Heritage Convention), and the Convention on Intemabonal Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). 28 Table 19: Summary of expected environmental impacts of Ke Go Sub-Project. PHYSICAL RESOURCES BIOL.RESOURCES SOCIOECONOMIC RESOURCES LEGEND TO ENTRIES: 0 C BLANK - NO IMPACT 0 C g I -INSIGNIFICANT IMPACT 0 X.- M - SIGNIFICANT IMPACT THAT IS MITIGABLE0- SSIGNIFICANT IMPACT WHICH CAN NOT BE MITIGATED 2E E 'g P -POSITIVE EFFECT , E 0o C - COMBINATION OF IMPACTS0 U -EXTENT AND LEVEL OFIMPACT UNKNOWN - * C L) 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~ C 0 0 -3 C - E. 2Q 0) o 0 - C- Eoo E. .9 U 2l Ke Go Dam, Saddle Dams, Spillways,and Intake Sluices - Basic Upgrading and Reeair Upgrading and Repair ofKe Go irrigation Scheme Headworks III.I.I.II LM. ...C I PIPIM1 I ip I I I Ke Go Dam - Strengthening Flod Control Capacity Occurrence of Flo_ .......nI- Safet assured through Implementation of Emergency Preparedness Pla pre2ared by Conutant Increase Width of me¶nc Silay.I I ILL ..I . ! M . L. l Ke Go Main and Primary Canal Dlstributlon System Une Canals toStre q~q~.TRy odSections C C C C U MM CP P UP MM U M M C I C P M P C M M t--e.. .. ....tin H g-l-- ---- -- -- -- -----Other.. .. ...Civ.. ...l --- - M-C-P M.P.-... Udd New Paaeen odAI rmary Canal hee irdM M M C M C C P M PM P _11M Improv WaterLeveland DichargeRegultos H si.qqpn, qvlWrsC M .P P M P Lower Level Canal Irrigation System and AssocIated RegqiatingStructures - Com 2pleeCnlSse 0Fr il ee C M M U M M C p~ P M P C M _ M Replace and Upgrade Canal SluIce Gales, HoIsting Equipment, Other Civil Works C PM ModernizatIon ofWIrgation Management System ---I Nalno Oeao o ae CnrlStutrso Direct Impacts on Environmental Resourcas of Ke Go Sub-Project Area. Positive effects from Institutional development U radig Eguiment ad Mangementq Facilities of Ke Go Irrigation Scheme and capacity building on Improved water management resultIng In Increased crop production and socioeconomic conditions Design and Implementation of Improved Waler User Fee Policies 1of beneficiaries Chances In Economic Activities CIale n Land Use and Commodity Production I1.!.. . .LLLLLY . ..I t~A.i 11 Waler AlloceIlon1t 10Muicpa edInusrIl se 1!~U Lcontrol ______ Changes In Aguacuilture IUnknown due to lack of EIA for provincial aguaculture program Resettlement and Compensation Reseltiement of Project-Affected Households and Compensation for Land Acquisition I No environmental Impact of resettement because there will beno resettlement with Sub-Project Cross-Cutting Activities Related to Construction of Engineering Works ...................---------.--- ------------ -------- .......----------------- Constructin Activities Effects of disturbance, movement, and disposal of soils are mltigable through proper management end disposal of dredged M'a'1'e_A'a'I ----------------------------------------------- ~~and excavated soils Cumulative Effects of Sub-Project Implementation on Environmental Resources Outside of Sub-Project Area M l Sub-Projecti Activities U P P M 29 measures in greater detail as part of the Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan. INSIGNIFICANT IMPACT This assessment is made when there is expected to be an impact of the Sub-Project on the environmental resource of concern but the impact is assessed to be too negligible to require intervention in the form of either mitigation or monitoring. This type of impact would occur when any one of the criteria for, impact significance, above, are not met. UNKNOWN IMPACT This assessment is made when one of the following apply: - the presence of the Sub-Project activity of potential concem is uncertain; - the occurrence of the environmental resource within the Sub-Project area is uncertain; - the time scale of the impact is unknown; - the spatial scale over which the impact may occur is unknown; or - the magnitude of the impact can not be predicted. POSITIVE This assessment is made when the effect of the given Sub-Project activity will be to improve the condition and integrity of the environmental resource of concern. COMBINATION This assessment is made when more than one of the above assessments (i.e., some positive and some negative impacts) apply to the effect of a Sub-Project activity on an environmental resource of concem. 4.2 Application of IDA Operational Policies Most of the IDA Operational Policies identified for possible application to VWRAP apply to the Ke Go Sub-Project and are used in the detailed assessment of environmental impacts, below. Some of the IDA Operational Policies, however, are not triggered by the Ke Go Sub-Project and are not considered further in this EIA: Operational Policy 7.60 - Projects in Disputed Areas - None of the Sub-Project Area or the area of influence of the Sub-Project is part of a territory whose jurisdiction is disputed by another country Operational Policy 7.50 - Intemational Waterways - None of the water bodies associated with the Ke Go Sub-Project form a boundary between, or flow through the territory of another country; - None of the water bodies associated with the Ke Go Sub-Project are a any tributary or component of any waterway described above; and - None of the water bodies associated with the Ke Go Sub-Project are recognized as a necessary channel of communication between the open sea and other states countries or of any river flowing into such waters. 4.3 Activities with Consistent Impacts on all Environmental Resources There are a number of Ke Go Sub-Project activities that are assessed to have the same impacts for all environmental resources they will affect, whatever phases of the Sub-Project (pre-construction, construction, and operation) they will occur and in whichever investment phase they will occur - first, second, or both. Rather than present these individually for each environmental resource in this chapter, they are presented synoptically below and not analyzed and presented further in the detailed assessment that begins with Section 4.6.1, Page 37. 4.3.1 Effects of Dam Safety Risk In the event of a large flood, residents will be at risk to significant damage to them and their assets. This is assessed as a SIGNIFICANT AND MITIGABLE IMPACT through the implementation of the Ke Go Dam Safety Emergency Preparedness Plan (EPP) prepared as part of the overall Ke Go Sub-Project FS. The EPP will enable residents as risk to be notified and advised on what precautions they should take in order to minimize the risk to them in the event of a design flood occurrence. 4.3.2 Repairing and Upgrading Existing Civil Works and Facilities A large number of Sub-Project activities involve the repairing of existing civil works and facilities. The following 30 specific activities are assessed as having NO IMPACT on any of the environmental resources of the Ke Go Sub- Project Area: Main Ke Go Dam - Replace the damaged lining slabs of upstream slope located at elevation 1 3m to 26m by new concrete slab of bigger and thicker dimension; - Repairing the damaged parts of the wave prevenbon wall and increasing the height of the wall crest to 36.60 m; - Lining the dam surfaces with a 30 cm rock layer and covering with a 30 cm pebble layer; and - Install lighting system on dam surface; - Overhaul piezometers system; and - On the downstream slopes, repairing the drainage trench system and seepage zones, and constructing new grass frames. Saddle Dams - Replace the damaged lining slab of upstream slope by new concrete slab of bigger and thicker dimension; - Overhaul wave wall and heighten to elevation of 36.6 m; - upgrading dam surface; and - Repairing upstream slope. Doc Mieu Chute Spillway - Destroy the upstream rock barrier located in the inlet canal; - Reinforce the spillway surface; - Replace the damaged lining slabs by new reinforced concrete slabs of larger dimensions; - Replace the old winch by a new hydraulic piston in view to obtain a more reliable gate operation; - Reinforce radial gates; - Install local and central electrical control; - Upgrade the protection covering for the spillway equipment in purpose of creating good conditions for spillway operation in case of unfavourable weather; - Upgrade the spillway management station to ensure a favourable condition for working and living condition for the staff and workers who reside their to manage the spillway, especially in rainy season; and - Install lighting system. Main Flood Spillway - Reinforce the spillway surface in purpose of increasing flood discharge in compared with initial design; - Reinforce dissipation basin; - Repair damages in whole; - Reinforcing spillway gate; - Electrification of spillway operation; and - Protection covering installed at sluice tower and spiltway in purpose of becoming the headwork management station. Conduit Flood Spillway - Repair of the broken joints that are causing high seepage; - replacing old radial gates as required; and - replacing gate operation machinery. Intake Sluice - repairing the broken joints that are causing high seepage and upgrading and replacing as required the associated mechanical and electrical systems. Canals - introduction of downstream control of the water-levels, combined with a local automatic control of the Cross Regulators in the canal (main canal) - installation of Automatic water-level/discharge measurement devices (SCADA) - Replacement all seriously damaged hoisting equipment. 4.3.3 Modernization of Irrigation Management System The modemization of the Ke Go irrigation management system, consisting of upgrading the technical capacity of 31 irrigation management personnel, improvement of water user fee policies, and upgrading Ke Go IMC equipment and management facilities will have NO IMPACT directly on the environmental resources of the Sub-Project area. There will be indirect POSITIVE effects, however, from institutional development and capacity building on improved water management resulting in increased crop production and socioeconomic conditions of beneficiaries. 4.3.4 Construction Activities Associated with Sub-Proiect Implementation The major engineering civil works of the Sub-Project will create the need for temporary construction worker camps. These construction camps will have negative impacts on the environment through land disturbance, generation of waste (solid and liquid), use of heavy vehicles and other machinery (increased noised levels localized air pollution, particularly in areas of human habitation), and requirements for domestic and drinking water supply. Despite the fact that the size and proposed location of the construction camps is unknown at this time, all these impacts are MITIGABLE through good construction camp practices. In addition, there will considerable disturbance of soils in all aspects of canal system upgrading (Table 9, Page 14). There will need to be effective handling of soils so that they cause minimal disturbance to the environment, particularly with respect to sedimentation of water courses, and degradation of water quality. These impacts are assessed as MITIGABLE. 4.3.5 Environmental Impacts of Resettlement and Land Acquisition Large-scale resettlement can cause environmental and social impacts if not implemented carefully implemented such as occurred as a result of resettlement during the construction of the Hoa Binh Dam in northern Viet Nam. Impacts of resettlement on the environment can include forest cutting or wetland encroachment, adoption of unsustainable agricultural practices and livelihood patterns, and land tenure issues. This is not the case with the Ke Go Sub-Project in which no households will need to be resettled. No mitigation or monitoring is required for the environmental impacts of resettlement. About 104 ha of land will be permanently acquired and 60 ha of land will be temporarily acquired (Table 11, Page 15) as a result of the Sub-Project. Compensation will be paid22 and there will be NO IMPACT of permanent land acquisition on environmental resources of the Sub-Project Area. The effects of temporary land acquisition are assessed as MITIGABLE by restoring the landscapes to their original condition after it has been used. While there may be PAHs as a result of completion of the lower level canal system in the command area, these cases would almost certainly all involve compensation for land acquisition rather than resettlement, given the small size of the canals involved and concomitant land acquisition required. 4.3.6 Miti2able Impacts of Increased Water Supply for Municipal and Industrial Use The Sub-Project will increase water supply for non-commodity production uses, primarily municipal domestic and drinking water supply and industrial activities. Water supply for industry is expected to be provided at the rate of 1.67 m /s with the Sub-Project, or 52 million m3/yr (0.142 million m3/day, Table 7, Page 12). About 30% of the estimated NPV generated by the Ke Go Sub-Project will come from the net incremental benefits of water sales for municipal and industrial water uses (figures given in the final Ke Go PFS report indicate EIRR = 12% for the entire Sub-Project; calculations made on the basis of only agricultural benefits result in an EIRR = 8%). The environmental issue concerning incremental environmental impacts of municipal and industrial water use is largely with the industrial sector; increasing the supply of water for domestic use will have substantial human health and other benefits. An expanding industrial sector will also provide many incremental socioeconomic benefits but will create incremental environmental impacts that will be difficult to control and manage. Viet Nam has new industrial discharge regulations and also requires an approved EIA before licensing is given to an industrial park or individual industrial facility. However, this is no guarantee that there will be no unacceptable environmental pollution as a result of these facilities. Every single facility in an industrial zone can be meeting industrial discharge standards and yet the receiving waters can not meet ambient water quality standards because of cumulative effects. Environmental enforcement also remains extraordinarily weak in Viet Nam and there is little doubt that industrial facilities in even new industrial zones will create incremental environmental pollution within the Ke Go Sub-Project Area and its associated area of influence. 22 following the requirements of Decree No.22/1998/ND-CP dated 24 April, 1998 32 The sketchy surface water quality information that is available (Annex 4) suggests that the surface waters of Ha Tinh Province are currently rather unpolluted. Therefore, the incremental environmental effects of a large increase in water supply to industries that are likely to be poorly regulated may be more significant in Ha Tinh Province, unlike, for example, Ho Chi Minh City and the Dau Tieng Sub-Project, where existing levels of industrial pollution in surface waters are already high and the incremental effect may be modest (and where there is already substantial investment from IDA and ADB in industrial pollution control and treatment, as well as an emerging Dong Nai River Basin Organization to assist in dealing with inter-provincial water pollution and water quality issues). While it is completely impractical for the Ke Go Sub-Project to finance the construction and operation of industrial pollution control facilities, because such a high proportion of the Sub-Project benefits accrue from municipal and industrial water supply, it is reasonable to expect VWRAP to provide support to Ha Tinh provincial departments (DoSTE, Dol, etc.) for strengthening their monitoring and enforcement capacity, raising awareness of industrial users, and strengthening the overall environmental govemance of the industrial sector. 4.3.7 Provision of Increased Water Supplv to Aquaculture The Sub-Project will increase water supply to brackish water aquaculture in order to support expansion of this economic activity in the coastal zone of Thach Ha District (this is described in the provincial aquaculture development program, although the water balance calculations prepared by HEC-1 do not include such a water use, Table 7, Page 12); this impact is assessed as MITIGABLE. This aquaculture expansion is part of the National Aquaculture Development Program (1999-2010). This National Program, approved with Decision No. 224/1999/QD-TTg specifies: o an overall objective of achieving an aquaculture output of 2 million tVyr by 2010 from current levels of about 350,000 t/yr in 1999; * plans for aquaculture in coordination with investments in water resource infrastructure to increase the efficiency of investment and use of land and water areas; and o policies of development of aquaculture cultivation oriented towards increasing utilization of land and water areas for cultivating marine products. Aquaculture is an extremely important economic activity in Viet Nam in general and in Ha Tinh Province. It is one of the largest sources of foreign exchange in the country. However, there are costs associated with aquaculture expansion: Loss of Coastal Wetlands - Coastal and marine aquaculture production has increased rapidly in Viet Nam but this increase has largely been accomplished by extensification, rather than intensification of aquaculture production. Average aquaculture yields since 1993 have risen very little. This extensification has occurred at the expense of coastal ecosystems, such as the case of coastal wetlands in the Mekong Delta where IDA is financing a large-scale rehabilitation23 Water Pollution - In general, aquaculture in coastal Viet Nam has not been sufficiently carefully planned. The result in some cases is increased water pollution, largely from unregulated flushing of pond sediment wastes into water systems that have not been planned to ensure separafion of aquaculture pond intake and effluent24. Freshwater supply to brackish water aquaculture to be provided from the Ke Go Sub-Project is needed to achieve the correct salinity levels in the ponds at various stages of prawn development. Without the Ke Go Sub-Project, it is doubtful that aquaculture development will be able to proceed at the same rate it will be able to with the Sub- Project, and so there may in fact be incremental environmental effects of the Ke Go Sub-Project related to expansion of brackish water aquaculture. While Decree 175/CP requires overall strategies for regional and national development to be assessed for their environmental impacts, no ElAs were prepared for the provincial aquaculture plans. It would be prudent, as part of the pre-construction phase of the Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan, to implement the following mitigation measures: conduct an EIA of that part of the Ha Tinh Provincial Aquaculture Program that will benefit from improved water supply from the Ke Go Sub-Project (largely Thach Ha District, Table 17, Page 25) to ensure proper 23 Coastal Wetlands Protection and Development Project 24 Pollution from aquaculture activities was cited as the second most serious source of land-based pollution in coastal Viet Nam in a survey of the Directors of the provincial Science, Technology, and Environment Departments conducted as part of coastal community surveys under ADB TA 5712-REG: Coastal and Marine Environmental Management in the South China Sea, Phase 2 (GEC Ltd. 1999) 33 pond arrangements, wastewater management, and pond sediment management are put into place and to determine the amount of coastal wetlands that will be lost as a result of the expansion of coastal aquaculture made possible by the provision of water from the Ke Go Sub-Project; *if possible, restore and/or rehabilitate an area of coastal wetlands as compensation for loss of coastal wetlands from aquaculture expansion as a result of the Ke Go Sub-Project; and provide resources to educate aquaculture households on best environmental practices to minimize environmental impacts of their activities. 4.3.8 Impacts on Population and Communities There are four potential impacts on the population and communities of the Sub-Project, all of which are assessed elsewhere in this Chapter: Mitigable effects of disturbance to households and communities caused by construction activities (Section 4.3.4, Page 32); e Mitigable effects of resettlement and compensation for land acquisition requirements (Section 4.3.5, Page 32); o Positive effects of increased employment (Section 4.4.3, Page 35); and o Positive effects on household income and overall level of economic activity (Section 4.4.4, Page 35). 4.4 Environmental, Social Resources Receiving Consistent Environmental Impact There are a number of environmental and social resources of the Ke Go Sub-Project that are predicted to be affected in the same way from all Sub-Project activities (i.e., all positive or all negative impacts) for whatever phases of the Sub-Project (pre-construction, construction, and operation) they will occur and in whichever phase of investments they will occur - first, second, or both. Rather than present these individually for each Sub-Project activity in this chapter, these environmental resources are presented synoptically below and not analyzed and presented further in the detailed assessment beginning with Section 4.6.1, Page 37. 4.4.1 Impacts on Environmental Resources in Ke Go Reservoir Catchment The Sub-Project will have NO IMPACT on the Ke Go Reservoir Catchment. There are no Sub-Project activities that will affect any environmental resources in the 223 km2 catchment of the Ke Go Reservoir: . The height of the Ke Go Dam and the saddle dams is not being increased and there will therefore be no land alienation from increased Reservoir height; * The operation of the Ke Go Reservoir will be basically the same with the Sub-Project as under current conditions and the with-Sub-Project water level regime in the Reservoir will essentially be the same as it is at present. The exception to this is the increased water storage at the end of the rainy season, but this will not increase reservoir water levels to greater than design water levels; o Access to the catchment area above the Ke Go Reservoir will not change. New roads into the catchment will not be built and no existing roads in the catchment area will be enlarged or improved; o The remoteness of the catchment area means that no construction materials will be obtained from this part of the Sub-Project Area. 4.4.2 Sub-Proiect Impacts on Rare and Endanpered Species There have been no biodiversity surveys conducted in the command area and so it is not known whether the command area contains any rare and endangered species. The rare and endangered species contained in the 2002 IUCN Red List (Table 16, Page 24) are found in natural forested habitats which in the Sub-Project Area are found only in the catchment of the Ke Go Reservoir. It is extremely unlikely that there are any rare and endangered species in the command area because this area has long been almost exclusively used for human habitation and associated economic activities. Because of the likely absence of rare and endangered species in the command area, the effect of the Sub-Project on rare and endangered species in the command area is assessed as NO IMPACT. In addition, the prediction of no impacts of the Sub-Project on environmental resources in the catchment of the Ke Go Reservoir (see above) includes no effects of the Sub-Project on rare and endangered species in that part of the Sub-Project as well. 34 4.43 Sub-Proiect Impacts of the Sub-Proiect on Employment Practically all Sub-Project activities will have a POSITIVE IMPACT on local employment. These positive effects will occur in a number of ways: * short-term increase in employment from construction activities; * Longer term increase in the requirement for on-farm labor; and * Substantial indirect and induced employment generated as a result of both the short-term increase in construction employment and the increase in on-farm labor demand. Direct and indirect benefits of local procurement will boost local economic activity over a period of 3-5 years. The only possible exception will be possible reduced labor requirements under a more automated irrigation management system. However, these are likely to be small and more than compensated for by the overall increase in'employment with the Sub-Project. To reinforce the positive effects of the Sub-Project on local employment, it would be appropriate to give preference and priority to local residents in construction (and operation) of the Sub-Project wherever possible, by including a requirement in construction contracts for local hires and specific interest groups (e.g., women and ethnic minorities identified in the Ke Go EMDP as being potentially disadvantaged by the Sub-Project), as well as to train local workers before construction begins to increase relevant skills and minimize project delays. 4.4.4 Impact on Economic Activities. Income, and Incidence of Poverty The Sub-Project will have a POSITIVE IMPACT on overall economic activity in the Sub-Project Area, as well as increasing household income and reducing the incidence of poverty in the Sub-Project Area. The increased short-term and long-term employment generated by the Sub-Project will increase the general level of economic activity in the Sub-Project Area. In addition, with a predicted 70% greater cropping intensity (Table 12, Page 15, using figures provided in the Yen Lap final PFS), coupled with similar expected increases in yields of agricultural commodities, net incomes from agriculture activities of agricultural households (the majority of command area households) are predicted to increase some 35% over and above current levels. The predicted increases in household incomes with the Sub-Project may be even greater with even higher crop diversification. This increase in net income will also result in a decrease in overall poverty in the command area. It is predicted that the percentage of households in the two pilot areas not meeting the threshold poverty level of VND 100,000 per person per month (set by the 2001 National Strategy for Poverty Alleviation and Employment) will decline from about 26% at present to about 17% with the Sub-Project, a reduction in levels of absolute poverty of some 35% (Figure 6)25. There may be short-term negative effects to agricultural commodity production as a result of canal lining and other canal reinforcements. This can be mitigated by developing rigid construction timetables for canal reinforcement and lining to minimize disruption to the beneficiaries and at the same time have efficient implementation of this part of the Sub-Project. This will require a detailed implementation plan for canal lining developed consultation with the Sub-Project beneficiaries (Section 4.6, Page 37). 4.4.5 Sub-Project Impacts on Mineral Resources The effects of removing rock (for road construction or during canal system expansion) from new borrow sites is MITIGABLE through the restoration of the borrow sites after construction is completed. 4.4.6 Sub-Proiect Impacts on Air Oualitv There will be NO IMPACT of the Sub-Project on air quality in or outside the Sub-Project Area. The exception to this is the operation of construction equipment for various Sub-Project activities and these impacts are addressed in detail in Section 4.3.4. 25 The data in the chart were obtained from the socioeconomic survey conducted by the Consultant in the Pilot Areas of the Ke Go Sub-Project. Net income without the Sub-Project is calculated as the sum of all income sources reported less the sum of all costs reported. Net income with the Sub-Project is calculated in the same way but assumes greater income from agricultural production due to the improvements in water supply. Table 12 suggests that cropping intensity will increase about 69% vith the Sub-Project; it is assumed that yields of agricultural commodities will increase by the same percentage. Incremental agricultural net income is assumed to be 50% of total incremental income. 35 100 - --- - G - :C C 090---- - _ . _ 0 80-- . u 70 60__ .-.- c 40- - _ - v 0~~~~~~~~~~~~ 30 - X * * \ ~~~~~~~Poverty Threshold Sot By 2001 National Strategy for 0 20 + ~~~~~~Povery AJlovtation and Enoyent O - ._____ 20 _010 10 20 5 0 30 40 40_0 5 0 .2 ~ ~ . Monthly Per Capita Income ('000 VND) * Current a Wh Sub-Project Figure 6: Predicted change in incidence of poverty in Pilot Areas with Sub-Project. 4.4.7 Sub-Proiect Impacts on Noise There will be NO IMPACT of the Sub-Project on noise levels in or outside the Sub-Project Area. The exception to this is the operation of construction equipment for various Sub-Project activities and these impacts are assessed in detail in Section 4.3.4. 4.4.8 Sub-Project Impacts on Forest Resources There will be NO IMPACT of the Sub-Project on forest resources in or outside the Sub-Project Area. The production forest land within the districts and communes that form the Sub-Project Area (Table 13, Page 17) lie outside of the actual land that is currently served by the Ke Go Irrigation Scheme and there is no pumping contemplated in the Ke Go Sub-Project to deliver irrigation water to even the lower slopes of these hills. Therefore, there will be no impacts on production forests in the command area from Sub-Project activities. This assessment, coupled with the assessment of no Sub-Project impacts on environmental resources within the Ke Go Reservoir Catchment (Section 4.4.1, Page 34), means that there will be no.impacts of the Sub-Project on Forest Resources. 4.4.9 Sub-Project Impacts on Human Health There will be NO IMPACT of the Sub-Project on the health of the Sub-Project beneficiaries. Expansion of the existing IPM program should prevent any negative effects of possible increased pesticide use and there may be positive benefits of households having increased disposable income on being able to make increased use of health care services. 4.4.10 Sub-Proiect Impacts on Nature Reserves, Protected Areas, or Protection Forests Because there will be no Sub-Project activities taking place in the Ke Go Reservoir catchment and no effects on environmental resources of the Ke Go Reservoir catchment. the Sub-Project will have no effects on the Ke Go Nature Reserve. 36 4.5 Sub-Proiect Impacts of Pre-Construction 4.5.1 Impacts of the Leeacy of Conflict One of the ongoing consequences of the American War of the 1 960s and 1 970s is unexploded ordnance. Unexploded ordnance is uncovered throughout Viet Nam and there are casualties every year from accidents involving these materials. The Ke Go Sub-Project involves the movement of a great deal of earth (Table 8 and Table 9, Page 12 and Page 14) for upgrading of existing civil works and construction of new civil works. Mortar shells, aerial bombs, and other unexploded ordnance may all be found within the Sub-Project Area. Some de- mining has occurred at shallow depths, however virtually none has occurred in non-productive land or at depths greater than 2 m. There is a risk that unexploded ordnance will be uncovered during excavation, but this risk is assessed as MITIGABLE. As a precautionary measure, it will be necessary to provide resources for detecting and clearing unexploded ordnance in the Sub-Project Area- at those construction activities that will occur at depths greater than 2 m. 4.5.2 Requirements for Resettlement and Land Acquisition These impacts are assessed as MITIGABLE. As indicated in Table 11, Page 15, no households will require resettlement, 104 ha of land will be permanently acquired, and 60 ha-of land will be temporarily acquired. A detailed compensation scheme has been prepared according to both IDA and Vietnamese legal requirements. 4.6 Sub-Project Impacts of Construction 4.6.1 Impacts on Physical Resources SOILS Reduction in Erosion - POSITIVE The reinforcement and strengthening of sections of the canal system throughout the command area will be a positive effect on soils in the immediate vicinity of the engineering civil works. Erosion will be reduced at those locations and farmers will not have to continually contend with their land eroding along the canals. As well, the additional lining of the canal system will also have a positive effect of reducing soil erosion along those particular lined portions. Alienation of Sub-Project Soils - INSIGNIFICANT Some soils will be permanently alienated as the management roads along the main and primary canals are upgraded and widened to a consistent width (Table 10, Page 15). However, this will be a small proportion of the total Sub-Project Area (an area equal to 0.013% of the total catchment area above Ke Go Dam plus full command area) and the effect is assessed as Insignificant. In addition, construction and/or upgrading of management roads along the main primary and lower-level canals will at worst cause only minor, temporary disturbances to soils from the actual construction activities themselves. Earth Excavation, Storage, and Disposal - MITIGABLE Some 700,000 m3 of earth and rock will be excavated and 526,000 m3 of earth-fill will be used to upgrade the headworks and the irrigation canal distribution system (Table 9, Page 14). Soils to be excavated are unlikely to be contaminated as the entire Sub-Project Area has had little, if any, economic activities that would generate such contaminants. However, the large quantities of soil likely to be disturbed during construction are such that proper disposal, storage, and management of these soils are recommended as mitigation measures. Part of the mitigation measures will need to be ensuring that contaminated soil does not make it onto the Sub-Project site as earth-fill. One obvious means of disposal for some of these soils would be as inputs to upgraded management roads and canal tracks, as well as canal banks that need to be raised in order to accommodate possible downstream control of the irrigation system. SURFACE WATER HYDROLOGY Improved Efficiency of Water Use - POSITIVE The upgrading of the main and canal distribution system in the Ke Go Irrigation Scheme through dredging, re-aligning, and raising the main canals where required, replacing main sluice gates and hoisting equipment, implementation of a program of canal lining, and improving water level and discharge regulation will also have positive effects on surface water hydrology by increasing the efficiency of 26 This mitigation is part of the ADB/GoVN financed Phuoc Hoa Water Resources Project and is an accepted mitigation measure for linear transportation projects in Viet Nam. 37 water use, thereby enabling greater water supply to be provided to the lower-level canal system. This is also the case with the completion and upgrading (through lining) of the lower-level canal system itself. Improvement of Drainage - POSITIVE The strengthening of existing and provision of new inflow and outflow spillways and drainage sluices as part of the main canal system will improve the hydrological conditions in the command area with respect to the ability to cultivate crops in the rainy season. Changes in Basic Hydrological Regime - INSIGNIFICANT The basic hydrological regime of the main, 10, 20, and 30 canals will change only modestly with the Sub-Project and the hydrological network will not change, whatever irrigation management alternative for the canals is selected (i.e., upstream or downstream control). It is likely that the spatial and temporal patterns of drainage into the estuarine rivers and coastal channels of Ha Tinh Province at the bottom end of the command area will not significantly change. Therefore, the hydrological regime downstream of the command area is predicted to not change very much from the current regime. Interruption of Canal Water Supply to Users During Canal Construction and Canal Lining - MITIGABLE Proper timing of the construction activities associated with main canal reinforcement and lining may negatively affect water supply to farmers downstream. On the one hand, construction of canal reinforcements in the dry season can proceed very quickly, but water supply needs to be tumed off during the construction periods; the dry season is the season when water supply via the irrigation scheme is most critical. On the other hand, water supply to the farmers via the irrigation scheme is not as critical in the rainy season and yet construction is much more problematic and expensive given the larger amounts of water in the system at that time. It will be necessary to develop rigid construction timetables for canal lining to minimize disruption to the beneficiaries and at the same time have efficient implementation of this part of the Sub-Project. In addition, consultation with all affected parties will be required in order to reach agreement how much impact will be accepted by the affected groups. SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION27 Improvement of Canal Integrity and Canal Bank Stability - POSITIVE Because incremental lining throughout the entire canal system, as well as re-aligning and strengthening these canals will have a positive effect of reducing soil erosion along the canal system, sedimentation is likely to be reduced within the canal system as well. The lining or other reinforcement of sections of the canals will be a positive effect on soils in the immediate vicinity of the engineering civil works. Erosion will be reduced at those locations and farmers will not have to continually contend with their land eroding along the canals. This will reduce sedimentation into the canals and surface waters of the Sub-Project. Earth Excavation, Storage, and Disposal - MITIGABLE There will be considerable moving and handling of soils involved with dredging in the main canals as well as raising the canals and strengthening them at locations that have eroded over time. The quantities of soil likely to be involved are such that proper disposal and management of these soils is recommended in order to minimize incremental sedimentation into the canals and other water bodies of the Sub-Project. Disturbance of Sub-Project Soils During Implementation of Canal Engineering Works - MITIGABLE Most of the construction activities associated with upgrading the entire canal distribution system - completion of the canal distribution system at the lower levels, canal reinforcement, canal lining, and management road construction and upgrading - could cause local disturbance to soils and thereby increase sediment content of the main canals. Minimization of soil disturbance during the construction activities through the application of standard good practice techniques during construction is recommended in order to minimize additional sedimentation into the canals of the Sub-Project. SURFACE WATER (UALITY28 Changes in Erosion and Sedimentation - INSIGNIFICANT Erosion and sedimentation are the major issues with respect to surface water quality in the construction phase of the Sub-Project for the above Sub-Project 27 All of the effects on erosion and sedimentation described below will be localized. The effects will not be detectable downstream of the command area and almost certainly not detectable in the estuarine and coastal waters of the coastal districts that have land in the Sub-Project command area. 2S The absence of any existing surface water quality monitoring program in the Ke Go Sub-Project area makes it difficult to make quantitative predictions of Sub-Project impacts on surface water quality. It will be necessary to implement a water quality effects monitoring program as part of the Environmental Management Plan (Chapter 5) in order to ensure that the predictions and assessments made below are valid and appropriate. 38 activities. The extent to which the Sub-Project changes erosion and sedimentation in the surface waters of the Sub-Project (see above, Page 38), will be the extent to which these Sub-Project activities affect surface water quality in the Sub-Project Area. Cumulative Environmental Effects of Sub-Project Construction on Surface Water Quality - INSIGNIFICANT While there is some risk that surface water quality in the command area may change significantly as a result of the construction activities of the Sub-Project, it is unlikely that this will be the case with water quality downstream of the command area. Sediment concentrations will almost certainly change in the surface waters within the Sub-Project, particularly in the dry season. This, however, is unlikely to significantly affect water quality downstream of the command area, in the estuarine and coastal waters of the coastal districts of the command area, because of the dilution of pollutants that would occur. However, the absence of any surface water quality monitoring information means that these predictions are uncertain. It would be prudent, therefore, to conduct surface water quality monitoring downstream of the command area to confirm the assessments of cumulative impact made above. GROUNDWATER RESOURCES" Alteration of Rates and Pattems of Water Exchange Between Canals and Shallow Groundwater Systems - UNKNOWN The issue related to groundwater and canal lining relates to changes in groundwater availability for crop production and possibly also for domestic and drinking water uses. Based on the socioeconomic survey results in the two pilot areas, most of the households in the Sub-Project Area use groundwater as a source of domestic water. Lining sections of the 10, 20, 30 and on-farm canals will obviously prevent the exchange of canal water with the shallow groundwater system. This is likely to be most apparent in the dry season. Water levels in the canals at the throughout the command area are low during the dry season due to system inefficiencies. There is likely a net movement of water from the shallow groundwater to the canal system during the dry season at the present time. This flow will be prevented because of canal lining with the Sub-Project. This, plus the expected increased availability of irrigation water throughout the command area during the dry season (particularly at the bottom end of the system) will increase groundwater levels in the dry season. Little change is expected with the Sub-Project in the rainy season. Any shortfalls in shallow groundwater resources in the rainy season that appear as a result of canal lining can be compensated by increasing water supply from the canals. It is worth noting that in the Dau Tieng Irrigation Scheme, Cu Chi District IMC indicated that groundwater levels had decreased near canals that were lined but that the decrease was marginal. However, because the magnitude of these effects can not be predicted and because of the importance of groundwater resources to Sub-Project beneficiaries, monitoring of groundwater levels in the vicinity of substantial canal lining activities is recommended. 4.6.2 Impacts on Biological Resources TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS AND TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY Permanent Loss of Terrestrial Ecosystems - INSIGNIFICANT Upgrading and widening the management roads along the main and primary canals to a consistent width (Table 10, Page 15), will permanently alienate an area equal to about 0.013% of the total catchment area above Ke Go Dam plusfull command area; these effects are assessed as Insignificant. The command area does contain some non-agricultural land on the hills in the command area. However, the 104 ha of land that will be permanently acquired for the Sub-Project is land that is within the original irrigated area and contains only agricultural and residential land and no natural terrestrial ecosystems. Alteration of Landscapes During Extraction of Construction Materials - MITIGABLE Mitigation will be required to restore vegetation at excavation sites after construction is completed and to return the iandscapes to their original condition. Disturbance of Terrestrial Ecosystems During Construction - MITIGABLE Construction activities will temporarily disturb terrestrial ecosystems within the Sub-Project Area at and downstream of the Ke Go Dam and into the command area. Also, areas used for earth storage will also disturb landscapes within the Sub-Project 29 As with surface water quality, the absence of any existing groundwater quality monitoring program in the Ke Go Sub-Project area makes it difficult to make quantitative predictions of Sub-Project impacts on groundwater quality. Environmental effects monitoring conducted as part of the Environmental Management Plan (Chapter 5) will need to include groundwater quality monitoring in order to ensure that the predictions and assessments made below are valid and appropriate. 39 Area; it is estimated that about 60 ha of land will be temporarily acquired for construction activities (Table 11, Page 15). Even though compensation will be paid for the temporary use of this land, mitigation will be required to restore these sites after construction is completed and to return the landscapes to their orginal condition. AOUATIC ECOSYSTEMS AND AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY Creation of New Canals - POSITIVE The completion of the canal system in the command area will increase the area of open water in the Sub-Project area. While these will be highly simplified and modified aquatic ecosystems, they represent an increase in the total area of aquatic ecosystems in the Sub-Project Area. Reduction in Erosion and Sedimentation - POSITIVE Erosion and sedimentation are the major issues with respect to surface water quality in the Sub-Project for the above Sub-Project activities and the extent to which the Sub-Project activities listed above reduce erosion and sedimentation in the surface waters of the Sub-Project (see above, Page 38), will be the extent to which these Sub-Project activities affect aquatic ecosystems in the Sub-Project Area. Decrease in Nutrient Inputs from Eroding Soils - INSIGNIFICANT Lining of canal sections as well as re- aligning and strengthening sections of the primary canals will decrease the amount of nutrients entering the primary canals from Sub-Project soils and this will be an insignificant, negative effect of the Sub-Project on aquatic ecosystems. Increase in Erosion and Sedimentation - INSIGNIFICANT The extent to which erosion and sedimentation are increased as a result of various Sub-Project activities (see above, Page 38) will be the extent to which these Sub- Project activities affect aquatic ecosystems in the Sub-Project Area. Earth Excavation, Storage, and Disposal - MITIGABLE There will be considerable moving and handling of soils involved with dredging in the canals as well as raising the canals and strengthening them at locations that have eroded over time. The quantities of soil likely to be involved are such that proper disposal and management of these soils is recommended in order to minimize additional sedimentation into the main canals of the Sub- Project and minimize consequent negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity. Disturbance of Sub-Project Soils During Implementation of Canal Engineering Works - MITIGABLE Most of the construction activities associated with upgrading the entire canal distribution system - completion of the canal distribution system at the lower levels, canal reinforcement, canal lining, and management road construction and upgrading - could cause local disturbance to soils and thereby negatively affect the integrity of canal aquatic ecosystems by increasing sediment content in main canals. Minimization of soil disturbance during the construction activities through the application of standard good practice techniques during construction is recommended in order to minimize additional sedimentation into the canals of the Sub-Project. Cumulative Environmental Effects of Sub-Project Construction Activities on Aquatic Ecosystems - Effects on aquatic ecosystems downstream of the command area would be indirect and mediated through changes in surface water quality. As the effects of the Sub-Project on surface water quality outside of the Sub-Project are assessed to be likely insignificant (Page 38), it is also likely that the impacts of the construction of the Sub-Project on aquatic ecosystems downstream of the command area will also be significant. Again, however, the absence of any surface water quality or aquatic resources monitoring information means that these predictions are essentially uncertain. The recommended surface water quality monitoring downstream of the command area will enable these assessments of insignificant cumulative impact to be confirmed. 4.6.3 Impacts on Socioeconomic Resources INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES Cumulative Environmental Effects of Sub-Project Construction Activities on Infrastructure Facilities - MITIGABLE There may be damage caused to existing infrastructure, particularly roads, road signage, and bridges, caused by construction activities associated with implementation of the Sub-Project. These impacts are assessed as Mitigable and are presented above in Section 4.3.4, Page 32. DOMESTIC AND DRINKING WATER SUPPLY AND OUALITY Change in Water Exchange Between Canals and Shallow Groundwater Systems - INSIGNIFICANT 40 Groundwater is the primary source of domestic and drinking water for the Sub-Project beneficiaries (Section 3.4.5, Page 25). Lining sections of the canal system will obviously alter the exchange of canal water with the shallow groundwater system; the assessment of this effect is summarized below, from Page 39). The issue related to groundwater and canal lining relates to changes in groundwater availability for crop production and possibly also for domestic and drinking water uses. Based on the socioeconomic survey results in the two pilot areas, most of the households in the Sub-Project Area use groundwater as a source of domestic water. Lining sections of the canal system will obviously prevent the exchange of canal water with the shallow groundwater system. This is likely to be most apparent in the dry season. Water levels in the canals at the throughout the command area are low during the dry season due to system inefficiencies. There is likely a net movement of water from the shallow groundwater to the canal system during the dry season at the present time. This flow will be prevented because of canal lining with the Sub-Project. This, plus the expected increased availability of irrigation water throughout the command area during the dry season (particularly at the bottom end of the system) will increase groundwater levels in the dry season. Little change is expected with the Sub-Project in the rainy season. Any shortfalls in shallow groundwater resources in the rainy season that appear as a result of canal lining can be compensated relatively easily by increasing water supply from the canals. While the these Sub-Project activities are likely to not have a major effect on domestic and drinking water supply, because the magnitude of these effects can not be predicted and the importance of the groundwater resource to Sub-Project beneficiary well-being, monitoring of the ability of beneficiary households to access groundwater for domestic and drinking water purposes is recommended. TRANSPORTATION AND NAVIGATION Improvement of Management Roads Along Main and Primary Canal System - POSITIVE The roads running along the canals are the main transportation routes for Sub-Project beneficiaries, both to getting products to market and to obtain inputs for their economic activities. The upgrading of the canal road system will make it easier to transport goods and people, increase the quality of products produced by the beneficiaries that are sold at the market and these effects are therefore assessed as Positive. HISTORIC AND CULTURAL RESOURCES Disturbance from Construction Activities - MITIGABLE While the exact location of the each of the cultural and historic sites in the Sub-Project is known and the locations are maintained in the Ha Tinh DoCI, the location of many of the Sub-Project activities listed above is not yet known in detail. Despite this, it will be possible to mitigate against any possible loss of or damage to the cultural and historical sites listed above by adjusting the siting of Sub-Project civil works as necessary. It is recommended that this be incorporated into the detailed design of the physical works, in accordance with IDA Operational Policy OP 11.03 - Cultural Property. In addition, it is recommended that terms and conditions be included in the construction contracts to ensure the integrity of these historical and cultural resources. These terms and conditions will also need to be in accordance with IDA Operational Policy OP 11.03 - Cultural Property. 4.7 Sub-Proiect Impacts of Operation 4.7.1 Impacts on Physical Resources SOILS Depletion of Soil Nutrients and Decreasing Soil Grade - INSIGNIFICANT Increasing cropping intensity with the Sub-Project, brought about though changes in land use and commodity production, may deplete existing nutrients and decrease soil grade from Sub-Project soils more quickly that they might otherwise without the Sub- Project, and farmers may need to increase the amount of fertilizer they apply in order to compensate for this effect. This effect is expected to be negligible and is assessed as insignificant. It may be appropriate to monitor the total application of fertilizers as part of the EMP to assess whether or not this effect actually does occur. SURFACE WATER QUALITY Increase in Application of Fertilizers from Changes in Land Use - MITIGABLE Changes in land use and 41 commodity production (Table 12, Page 15) will cause more fertilizer to be applied. It is estimated that approximately an additional 28,000 t of fertilizer will be required annually for the entire Sub-Project over and above estimates of current fertilizer application without the Sub-Project (Table 20), about an increase of about 233%. Without a good database of surface water quality, it is very difficult to even qualitatively predict the environmental impacts of this increased fertilizer use. It is expected, though, that this level of incremental inputs may change the eutrophic status of surface waters within the Sub-Project. Increase in Application of Pesticides from Changes in Land Use - MITIGABLE Changes in land use and commodity production (Table 12, Page 15) will cause more pesticides to be applied. It is estimated that an additional 83 t of pesticides and herbicides will be required annually for the entire Sub-Project over and above estimates of current pesticide and herbicide application (Table 21). This is also about a 234% increase over estimated current pesticide and herbicide use throughout the Sub-Project. This impact is assessed. as Unknown but potentially Significant without mitigation or monitoring. Existing baseline information on pesticide concentrations in the Sub-Project environment is non-existent and so current conditions can not be estimated, but the expected increase is substantial. Both mitigation and monitoring are recommended. With respect to mitigation, IPM extension services should continue to be provided to Sub-Project beneficiaries as a part of the Sub-Project in accordance with the requirements of IDA OP 4.03 - Pest Management Safeguards. Extension services should include the topics of appropriate selection and application of pesticides and herbicides as. well as basic techniques of and approaches to IPM. With respect to monitoring, pesticide monitoring in the surface It should be noted that environmental concentrations of pesticides in other agricultural areas of Viet Nam with less crop diversification (and therefore higher risk of pest buildup in mono-crop agricultural systems) and with higher cropping intensity than what is predicted for the Ke Go command area with the Sub-Projects are orders of magnitude lower than national or intemational standards (for example, please see Table 22). Cumulative Environmental Effects of Sub-Project Operation on Surface Water Quality - INSIGNIFICANT While there is some risk that surface water quality in the command area may change significantly as a result of the Sub-Project operation, it is unlikely that this will be the case with water quality downstream of the command area. Nutrient and pesticide concentrations will almost certainly change in the surface waters within the Sub- Project, particularly in the dry season. This, however, is unlikely to significantly affect water quality downstream of the command area, in the estuarine and coastal waters of the coastal districts of the command area, because of the dilution of pollutants that would occur. However, the absence of any surface water quality monitoring information means that these predictions are uncertain. It would be prudent, therefore, to conduct surface water quality monitoring downstream of the command area to confirm the assessments of cumulative impact. GROUNDWATER RESOURCES Increased Application of Fertilizers - UNKNOWN The shift in land use to more intensive crop production and the increased use of fertilizers may cause shallow groundwater systems to become increasingly eutrophic, but deeper groundwater systems will likely be unaffected. The absence of good groundwater quality baseline information, however, makes assessment of Sub-Project impacts on groundwater resources very difficult. Groundwater quality monitoring is recommended within the Sub-Project to confirm this assessment. Increased Application of Pesticides and Herbicides - UNKNOWN As with the increased use of fertilizers, the shift in land use to more intensive crop production and the likely increased use of pesticides and herbicides may cause shallow groundwater systems to become increasingly contaminated; deeper groundwater systems will likely be unaffected. Successful implementation of IPM extension services recommended above (Page 41) will be able to mitigate this potentially negative impact. However, the absence of good groundwater quality baseline information is a severe constraint that makes this impact prediction also uncertain, and periodic pesticide monitoring in shallow groundwater should therefore be a formal part of the overall Sub-Project monitoring program to confirm this prediction. 4.7.2 Impacts on Biological Resources TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS AND TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY Changes in Land Use - NO IMPACT There will be no conversion of natural terrestnal ecosystems into agricultural land. In addition, because the irrigated area contains no natural terrestrial ecosystems but only what can best be considered as highly modified and simple terrestrial 'ecosystems' in the form of agricultural land, any changes in land use to more intensive agriculture will be an Insignificant effect on terrestrial ecosystems. 42 Table 20: Estimated incremental inputs of fertilizer required for Ke Go Sub-Project. Fertilizer Cultivated Area"3 ha) Predicted Fertilizer AP lied (t) Land Use Required Current With Increment Current With Increment _________ ________ (tIha)30 Project Project _ _ _ _ _ _ Winter/Spring Rice 0.65 7,061 13,780 6,719 4,590 17,914 13,324 Summer Rice 0.65 8,097 12,747 4,650 5,263 16,571 11,308 Seasonal Rice 0.65 0 3,273 3,273 0 4,255 4,255 Peanut 0.55 2,063 1,550 -513 1,135 853 -282 Sweet Potato 0.55 2,067 1,378 -689 1,137 758 -379 Total . 19,288 32,728 13,440 12,125 - 40,351 28,226 Table 21: Estimated incremental inputs of pesticides required for Ke Go Sub-Project. Pesticide Cultivated Area (ha) Predicted Pesticide Applied (t) Land Use Required With IWith I (kg/ha)32 Current Project Increment Curent Project Increment Winter/Spring Rice 2 7,061 13,780 6,719 14.1 55.1 41.0 Summer Rice 2 8,097 12,747 4,650 16.2 51.0 34.8 Seasonal Rice 2 0_ 3,273 3,273 0 6.5 6.5 Peanut 1.2 2,063 1,550 -513 2.5 1.9 -0.6 Sweet Potato 1.2 2,067 1,378 -689 2.5 3.3 0.8 Total 19,288 32,728 13,440 35.3 117.8 82.5 Table 22: Results of organochlorine pesticide sampling in the 0 Mon Xa No Sub-Project in 2001 dry season. These data were gathered as part of Crd-3198: Mekong Delta Water Resources Project. The agriculture area of 0 Mon Xa No Sub-Project is about 36,000 ha, the cropping intensity is 2.6, and triple cropping is practiced on 78% of the agriculture land. Surface Water ~~~~National Station Pesticides Surface Water Total (Og/L) Standard Concentration(tlg/L)~091L oxo01 D_DE 0_008 0.033 OX02 HCHd 0.015 0.020 HCHg 0.005 rX03 Parathion 0.024 0.034 0X03 ~DDT 0.010003 0X04 _DDE 0.020 0.035 150 OX04_______ Quitozen 0.015 I HCHg 0.080 0.105 OX06 HCHd 0.020 0.020 OX07 HCHd 0.020 0.035 _____ _____ HCHg 0.015 _ _ _ _ _ _ OX08 DDE 0.008 0.008 AOUATIC ECOSYSTEMS AND AOUATIC BIODIVERSITY Increase in Application of Fertilizers - INSIGNIFICANT Any changes in the eutrophic status of surface waters of the Sub-Project Area caused by increases in fertilizer use (Table 20) as a result of changes in land use and commodity production (Table 12, Page 15) may negatively affect the integrity of the aquatic ecosystems of the Sub-Project. However, it is expected that the predicted level of incremental fertilizer use will not substantially change the water quality status of the Sub-Project. This is likely also the case with respect to impacts on aquatic ecosystems and this impact is therefore assessed as Insignificant. 30 From economic crop budgets contained in final VRWAP Pre-feasibility Study Report, submitted to MARD in March 2003. 31 From final VRWAP Pre-feasibility Study Report, submitted to MARD in March 2003. 32 From economic crop budgets contained in final VRWAP Pre-feasibility Study Report, submitted to MARD in March 2003. 43 Application of Herbicides and Pesticides - MITIGABLE The application of pesticides and herbicides will increase with implementation of the Sub-Project (Table 21, Page 43). There is an extensive world literature on the effects of biocides on aquatic resources. There have been no monitoring programs or even surveys of bioaccumulation of biocides in aquatic resources in the Sub-Project Area and so predictions of the magnitude of any impacts of biocides on aquatic resources in the Sub-Project are difficult to make given the absence of baseline data, although first effects would likely be seen as bioaccumulation. Mitigation and monitoring recommendations made above pertaining to provision of extension services for pesticide use and IPM (Page 41) apply here as well and would likely mitigate any negative effects on aquatic ecosystems. It would be also be prudent to conduct a very modest amount of effects monitoring for possible bioaccumulation in aquatic resources with the Sub-Project. Cumulative Environmental Effects of Sub-Project Operation Activities. on Aquatic Ecosystems - Effects on aquatic ecosystems downstream of the command area would be indirect and meditated through changes in surface water quality. As the effects of the Sub-Project on surface water quality outside of the Sub-Project are assessed to be likely insignificant (Page 38), it is also likely that the impacts of the operation of the Sub-Project on aquatic ecosystems downstream of the command area will also be significant. Again, however, the absence of any surface water quality or aquatic resources monitoring information means that these predictions are essentially uncertain. The recommended surface water quality monitoring downstream of the command area will enable these assessments of insignificant cumulative impact to be confirmed. 4.7.3 Impacts on Socioeconomic Resources DONIESTIC AND DRINKING WATER SUPPLY AND QUALITY Increased Supply of Drinking Water - POSITIVE The Sub-Project will provide a reliable supply of drinking water to residents in the command area (Table 7, Page 12). Increased Use of Fertilizer and Pesticide - MITIGABLE Degradation of groundwater resources that may occur as a result of increased application of fertilizer and pesticides may negatively affect domestic and drinking water quality. Those households that rely on shallow groundwater aquifers for drinking and domestic water supply may be affected by the Sub-Project through increases in pesticide contamination of shallow groundwater resources. Successful application of IPM extension services will ameliorate any negative effects of increased application of chemical inputs to domestic and drinking water quality. The monitoring recommended for groundwater resources (see above) will enable confirmation of these assessments and of the success of the IPM extension services. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCE HARVESTING Cumulative Effects of Changes in Aquatic Ecosystems It is expected that any positive or negative changes in the status of biological resources within the Sub-Project will have similar effects on the levels of biological resource harvesting. The provision of additional aquatic ecosystems through increases and increases in canal area should improve resource harvesting. Decreases in surface water quality may have some effect on biological resources which would adversely affect biological resource harvesting by local households. No mitigation or monitoring additional to what is recommended for effects on aquatic resources:(Page 40) is recommended. 4.8 Main Conclusions of Impact Assessment The following are the main conclusions of the impact assessment of the Ke Go Sub-Project: * the Ke Go Sub-Project is environmentally feasible. The Sub-Project will have a number of significant positive benefits: - Increase in beneficiary income and reduction of poverty throughout the command area through improved and reliable water supply for agricultural production and domestic use; and - Increases in employment and labor in a region with very high levels of unemployment and underemployment. * All of the potentially significant environmental impacts identified in the impact assessment can be mitigated and they are described below in Chapter 6: Environmental Management Plan. These conclusions apply to both phases of investments for the Ke Go Sub-Project: (I) first phase of investments consisting of headworks, main and primary canals and the two pilot areas that consist of secondary, tertiary and on-farm 44 canal systems off the main and primary canals and which contain a total of about 20% of the total command area; and (ii) the remaining 80% of the command area. . At this stage of VWRAP design, it is expected that no separate environmental assessment will be required for the second phase of investments; . The programmatic framework for the environmental component of the second phase of investments needs to consist of a detailed design of the Environmental Management Plan (Chapter 5) for the remaining 80% of the command area based on the findings of the environmental management program for the first phase of investments and the actual engineering works in the second phase of investments; and . The detailed design of the Environmental Management Plan (Chapter 5) for the remaining 80% of the command area should be done concomitant with the detailed technical and engineering design for the second phase of investments. 4.8.1 Summary of Bank Operational Policies in Regards to Ke Go Sub-Proiect A summary of the IDA operational policies in regards to the Ke Go Sub-Project is provided in Table 23. 45 Table 23: Summary of IDA Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies for Ke Go Sub-Project. Bank Operational Summary of Assessment and Rationale Recommendations Policy I l While Ke Go Sub-Project is dassified as Category A, requiring a full-scale environmental assessment, the results of this EIA indicate that the scale and OP 4.01 - magnitude of the expected environmental impacts of the Ke Go Sub-Project are Environmental more like that of a Category B project. Environmental impacts of the Ke Go Sub- . Implement Ke Go Sub-Project Assessment - Project are mosUy site-specific, none are irreversible; very few direct impacts are Environmental Management Plan Triggered on environmentally important areas such as wetands, forests, or other natural habitats, all are preventable, and mitigation measures have been designed for all possible environmental impacts _ OP 4.04 - . no impacts predicted for Ke Go Reservoir watershed, where all of the intact . Environmental review of provincial Natural natural terrestrial habitats of the Sub-Project Area occur. aquaculture program to advise Ha lHabitrats - Ke Go Sub-Project will provide increased water suppty to an expanding provincial Tinh Province on guidelines for abitataS - coastal aquaculture program which itself was not assessed for possible ensuring coastal aquaculture is Triggered environmental impacts. There may be a risk of losing coastal wetland resources environmentally sustainable OP 4.36 - n There will be no Sub-Project impacts on the two major forest resources in the Sub-Project Area: the Ke Go Nature Reserve, Forestry - no and the production forests on the hill slopes downstream of Ke Go Reservoir that are above the Sub-Project irrigated area Triggered . Mitigation recommended against any possible loss of or damage to nationally or locally designated OPEN 11.03 - . impacts are assessed as Unknown because, while the exact location of the each cultural and historical sites by Cultural of the cultural and historic sites in the Sub-Project is known, the location of the adjusting the siting of Sub-Project Property - Sub-Project activities listed above is not yet known in detail. Mitigation of any devil works, to be mcorporated wto rhe Triggered negative effects is possible, however. detailed design of the physical works I .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Terms and condibions should be included in construction contracts to ensure the integrity of these historical and cultural resources lOP 4.12 - OP 4.12 - -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Resettiement and Compensation Involuntary . No households will need to be resettled and there is a requirement to pay Action Plan prepared as part of Ke Resettlement - compensabon for 104 ha of permanent and 60 ha of temporary land acquisition Go Sub-Project Feasibility Study Triggered OP 4.20 - Indigenous . There are no members of recognized ethnic minorty groups living in the p Ethnic Minority Development Plan Peoples - Not command area of the Ke Go Sub-Project prepared as part of Ke Go Sub- Triggered Project Feasibiliy Study OP 4.37 - Safety of . Upgrading Ke Go Dam safety a major component of first investment phase. Specific engineering works are provided for Dams - increasing dam safety, and Emergency Preparedness Plan prepared as part of Ke Go Feasibility Study Triggered . Both mitigation and monitoring are l It is estimated that an additional 83 t of pesticides and herbicides will be required recomioended. With respect to annually for the enbre Sub-Project over and above estmates of current pesticide misgatlon, IPM extension services OP 4.03 - and herbicide applicabon. This is about a 234% increase over estimated current should conbnue to be provided to Pesticide pesticide and herbicide use throughout the Sub-Project This impact is assessed Sub-Project beneficiaries as a part of l Managernent - as Unknown but potentially Significant without mitigation or monitoring. Existing the requirements of IDA OP 4.03. Management - baseline information on pesficide concentrations in the Sub-Project environment Extension services should include the Triggered is non-existent and so current conditions can not be estimated, but the expected topics of appropiate selection and increase may be substanbal, particularly as about 40% of Sub-Project applicaton of pesticides and beneficiaries have not yet received direct training in IPM methods. herbicides as well as basic l_________________________________________________________________ techniques of IPM. OP 7.60 - PrDisputed . Not triggered as none of the Sub-Project Area or the area of influence of the Sub-Project is part of a territory whose iAreas-u Not jurisdiction is disputed by another country -Triggered OP 7.50 - . Not biggered as: (i) None of the water bodies associated with the Ke Go Sub-Project form a boundary between, or flow International through the territory of another country; (ii) None of the water bodies associated with the Ke Go Sub-Project are a any tributary or component of any waterway described above; and (iii) None of the water bodies associated with the Ke Go Sub- Waterways - Project are recognized as a necessary channel of communicaton between the open sea and other states countries or of any Not Triggered river flowing into such waters. 46 5: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR KE GO SUB-PROJECT This Chapter presents the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the Ke Go Sub-Project. The purpose of the Ke Go EMP is to provide clear guidance on how to ensure the Sub-Project: . complies with Vietnamese environmental laws, environmental commitments, and IDA environment policies throughout pre-construction, construction, and operation phases; . employs a suitable organizational framework for environmental protection throughout pre-construction, construction, and operation; . manages and monitors mitigation measures described in the MoNRE and IDA-approved EIA report; . can provide emergency response mechanisms to unanticipated environmental issues; * allocates appropriate financial resources to implement the EMP; and . undertakes the transition in environmental management and protection from the first to the second phase of investments. To achieve these objectives, the EMP contains: . the Vietnamese legal and administrative framework under which the EIA will be approved and the EMP will be implemented; . IDA's EIA approval requirements; . significant adverse environment impacts that are anticipated in all phases of the first and second phase of investments - pre-construction; construction; and operation - and a mitigation program for impact avoidance, minimization, rectification, or compensation; . a program to monitor the performance and effectiveness of the mitigation program; . a monitoring program to assess the overall environmental effects of the Sub-Project on the environmental resources of the Sub-Project area and the associated area of influence; . An organizational framework for the effective implementation of the mitigation and monitoring programs, including: collection of environmental information related to the Sub-Project, management, and reporting; project management decisions on the environment; implementation of project management decisions; and external review of EMP activities. This organizational framework contains implementation arrangements, implementation schedule, and responsibilities for the EMP; . EMP reporting requirements; . a programmatic framework which specifies how the specific mitigation and monitoring activities associated with the second phase of investments are to be designed in detail and implemented during overall VWRAP implementation; . cost estimates for each component of the EMP; . requirements for technical assistance to support implementation of the Environmental Management Plan including supervision of mitigation and monitoring and training. The EMP is the 'master document' from which all other environment-related project documents and actions are guided. This includes construction method statements, tender documents, contractor specifications, general conditions of construction contract, site environmental management plans, ToRs for environmental specialists, and allocation of budgets for environmental protection and monitoring. If an ambiguity exists on how to deal with environmental issues in any project documents or activities, the EMP shall serve as the authoritative reference document. Any major changes to the Project or the legal and administrative frameworks that it operates under may require that MARD provide addenda to the EMP. These addenda should be reviewed and approved by MoNRE. 5.1 Vietnamese Legal and Administrative Frameworks 5.1.1 The Le2al Framework for Environmental Managernent Viet Nam's framework for environmental management continues to rapidly evolve, with new policies being produced every year. This section introduces the Viet Nam's relevant environmental polices. Law on Protection of the Environment (LEP) was enacted in 1993. The LEP: - Identifies the responsibilities of the state centre, provinces, organizations and individuals to prevent and remedy environmental deterioration and pollution and carry out specified environmental protection functions; 47 - Provides for the development of environmental standards and submission of environmental impact assessment reports on new and existing facilities; - Provides for responsible parties to pay compensation for environmental damage; - Establishes the right of individuals and organizations to petition for enforcement of regulations; - Calls for civil and criminal penalties for violations; and - Encourages international environmental co-operation. Decree 175/CP was promulgated in 1994 to guide implementation of the LEP and provides broad guidelines for division of responsibility among Ministries; environmental impact assessments; pollution prevention and disaster control; sources of finance; and environmental inspections and standards. Circular No. 490 was promulgated in 1998 to provide guidance on setting up and appraising environmental impact assessment reports for investment projects. The Circular identifies the legal requirements according to the stages of implementation of a project and its category; defines the content of project subject to the EIA procedures; and specifies management of the EIA report appraisal. To supplement the above policies a large range of decisions, regulations, and standards may also be considered: Decree 24/2000/ND-C specifies the implementation on the Law on Foreign Investment in Viet Nam (Article 82) concerning environmental protection as follows: 1) enterprises with foreign investment capital and joint ventures are obligated to observe regulations, satisfy standards in environment protection, and comply with Vietnam legislation on environment protection; 2) if investors apply international advanced environmental standards these standards should be registered with MoNRE. Resolution No. 5/1997/QH10 identifies projects of national importance to be approved and decided by the National Assembly (Provision 2, Article 2) as 'projects which result in major or potentially serious impacts on the environment". For these projects, one of the contents to be submitted to the National Assembly for approval and decision on investment is 'fundamental issues that need to be solved in the project implementation: environment protection, population movement/resettlement..." Decree 52/1999/ND-CP was appended to include environmental considerations for construction management as follows: 1) for PFS, Provision 3 of Article 23 stipulates that requirements for environment study relating to the 'selection of construction sites, estimation of land use area needed, in ways which comply to the principle of minimizing land use and environmental and social impacts, and resettlement to the lowest possible level". 2) Provisions 4 and 7 of Article 24 stipulate that FS must propose 'specific site options (or regions, routes) which much match with construction plans (including documents on site selection, together with proposed solutions for minimizing environmental and social impacts)," and 'architectural alternatives, construction solutions, preliminary designs suggested for selection, environment management and protection solutions". 3) For technical design: Section B, Provision 1, Article 37 and Section A, Provision 2, Article 38, contain regulations on appraisal and approval of "techniques for the protection of environment and ecology; for prevention and combating of explosion and fire and for occupational safety and industrial sanitation." Decree 2611996/CP provides regulations on the punishment of administrative violation of Environmental Protection Law. Chapter 1 describes the general provisions for punishment under the Environment Protection Law. Chapter 2, Article 6 details recommended punishments for parties who violate environmental pollution and prevention act. These punishments include financial penalties for not submitting an EIA report. Tieu ChAun Viet Nam (TCVN) are national standards established by MoNRE and applied to all government agencies. They include engineering, construction, scientific, and environmental standards. The environmental standards include acceptable limits of many air, noise, and water quality parameters. In general, the list of biophysical parameters is broad enough such that most monitoring programs can employ TCVN standards as metrics of evaluation. There are some exceptions - of most importance to the Ke Go Sub-Project, sediment, soil, and vibration standards do not yet exist. Most TCVN standards are direct translations of ISO standards. 5.1.2 The Administrative Framework for Environmental Management The country's administrative framework is undergoing substantial restructuring. The Govemment of Viet Nam is in the process of creating a new administrative framework for environmental management. For the Ke Go Sub- Project, the framework's relevant institutions are as follows: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE). MONRE was established by a Prime Ministerial Decision on November 11, 2002. This new ministry will include four vice-ministers and 16 departments. The 48 new MoNRE will merge numerous departments from several national agencies. These are outlined in Decree 91/2002/ND-CP: Providing for the functions, duties, powers and organizational structure of the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment. Environmental Impact Assessment and Appraisal Department. This Department is under MoNRE. According to Decree 91/2002/ND-CP, the Department's function includes: To appraise environmental impact assessment reports of projects and of business and production establishments; to issue environmental standards; and to carry out uniform management of the issue and revocation of certificates of eligibility of environmental standards in accordance with the law. It is expected that the Environmental Impact Assessment and Appraisal Department will be guided by the Vietnam's established regulatory framework. Provincial Departments of Science. Technoloqv and Environment (DoSTE). The Environmental Management Division (EMD) of each provincial DoSTE is responsible for ensuring environmental protection and management of provincial matters in accordance with LEP, Decree 175, and Circular 490. The decision to restructure DoSTEs will likely occur in 2003, after decisions have been made on how to restructure MONRE at the central level. It is expected that regardless as to where EMD is housed, its environmental protection function will remain intact. For this reason, the EMD will likely remain a key partner to the successful monitoring and implementation of the Project. 5.1.3 Vietnamese Environmental Requirements The Ke Go Sub-Project will irrigate more than 16,000 ha in Ha Tinh Province. Due to the Sub-Project's large irrigation and reservoir area, MARD is required to submit a detailed EIA report to MoNRE's Environmental Impact Assessment and Appraisal Department. The format for the detailed EIA report format is found in Appendix II of CP 175. MARD is required to submit this report with CP 490's Annex IV.I: Application for Appraisal of EIA Report. Once the report is received, MoNRE will establish a committee to review and evaluate the project's potential impacts and mitigation measures. The committee traditionally includes DoSTE and/or PC representatives from the affected provinces, senior technical experts from central-level organizations, and selected MoNRE staff. The committee will review the detailed EIA and provide written comments to MoNRE. According to Section III (5) of CP 490, appraisal of the EIA report is due within 60 days of the date a sufficient and eligible document of the EIA report is received by the relevant Govemment Management Agencies of Environmental Protection. In case that the EIA report is unsatisfactory, the EIA report appraisal agencies have 5 days of the date the EIA report is received to notify the proponent requirements for adjustment or addition. Within 10 days following the date of the EIA report is approved, the relevant appraisal agencies will issue a decision on the approval of the EIA report of a proposed project. The format for a MoNRE decision on EIA reports is found in Annex V of CP 490. An original copy of this decision is the clearest indication that a project has been subject to a legally-sanctioned environmental assessment process. 5.2 IDA Environmental Requirements IDA considers this project as 'Category A' ("projects with significant adverse environmental impact). The EIA will be submitted to the appropriate IDA department for review and to the IDA Board of Directors at least 120 days prior to loan approval. 5.3 Overall Approach to Implementation The implementation of the Ke Go Sub-Project EMP will follow the implementation of the overall Ke Go Sub- Project. The Ke Go Sub-Project will begin with a Detailed Engineering Design (Pre-Construction) Phase for the first phase of investments (i.e., headworks, main and primary canals, pilot areas, and non-agricultural uses of the water resources provided by the Ke Go Irrigation Scheme), followed by a Construction Phase and an Operational Phase for the first investment phase. At some point during the Construction Phase for the first investment phase, the Detailed Engineering Design Phase will be implemented for the second phase of investments (i.e, the remainder of the command area, exclusive of the pilot areas), followed by the Construction and Operational Phases for this second investment phase. The implementation of the Ke Go Sub-Project EMP will follow the same pattern. The Detailed Design of the Ke Go Sub-Project EMP for the first investment phase will be completed at the same time as the Detailed Engineering Design for the first investment phase. The Ke Go Sub-Project EMP for the first investment phase will then be implemented during the Construction and Operational Phases of the first investment phase. 49 Similarly, the Detailed Design of the Ke Go Sub-Project EMP for the second investment phase will be completed at the same time as the Detailed Engineering Design for the second investment phase based on the overall Ke Go Sub-Project EMP as outlined in this EIA and the lessons learned and results from the first investment phase. The Ke Go Sub-Project EMP for the second investment phase will then be implemented during the Construction and Operational Phases of the second investment phase. 5.4 Institutions Responsible for Implementing the Ke Go EMP The Ke Go EMP will be implemented within a comprehensive organizational framework under the overall VWRAP Project. VWRAP will engage several ministries, departments, and institutes, it will create a project management unit within MARD in Ha Noi (PMU) and Sub-Project Implementation Units (SlUs) in each province, and there will be numerous linkages between these institutions and numerous other existing institutions at the national, provincial, district, and commune levels33. The following institutions will be responsible for the successful implementation of the Ke Go Environmental Management Plan: VWRAP PMU - responsible for overall VWRAP implementation management and will contain environmental safeguard staff. VWRAP PMU will be responsible for overall quality assurance of EMP implementation. Ke Go Sub-Project SIU - staffed by personnel from Ha Tinh DARD and Ha Tinh IMC, and will be responsible for daily implementation activities of the Ke Go Sub-Project. As a consequence, it will supervise and control the quality of construction and physical implementation of the Ke Go Sub-Project EMP Vietnamese Environmental Regulators - MoNRE and Ha Tinh DoSTE will be responsible for all regulatory reviews and approvals of the Ke Go Sub-Project in accordance with the national legal framework for environmental protection and management. Ha Tinh Provincial Organizations - Other Ha Tinh provincial departments will have important responsibilities such as implementing specific components of the mitigation program (IPM), ensuring their particular safeguards are being properly implemented (i.e. DoCI) and providing supplementary and secondary data to assist in the implementation of the Ke Go EMP (e.g., land use and commodity production data). IDA - IDA will review the implementation of the EMP. Problems and issues that are identified will be raised to MARD as part of the regular Ke Go Sub-Project review process. Environmental Safeguard Contractors - An Environmental Safeguard Contractor will be selected from the numerous national environmental consultant organizations in Viet Nam. The Environmental Safeguard Contractor will act as general contractor for primary data collection surveys and for preparation and submission of various compliance and effects monitoring assessment reports. They will also be responsible for undertaking some of the specific mitigation measures for the Ke Go Sub-Project. Consultant Environmental Specialists - some of the resources of the Design and Supervision Techinical Assistance under VWRAP will be used to engage two environmental specialists who will take on substantial implementation tasks for the EMP: (i) the Consultant's intemational environment specialist; and (ii) the Consultant's national environmental specialist seconded from a nationally-recognized environmental management institution. The secondment could be in the form of a fixed-terrn, renewable contract during pre- construction, construction, and operation phases. It is expected that the services of the Consultant's international environment specialist will be required for VWRAP implementation until the completion of the Detailed Design of the Ke Go EMP for the second phase of investments, at which time sufficient training and capacity building will have been given that remaining institutions and personnel will be able to implement the remainder of the Ke Go Sub-Project EMP. In this EMP, it is assumed that the Detailed Engineering Design for the second investment phase will occur in the third year of Ke Go Sub-Project implementation. 5.5 Environmental Mitigation Pro2ram for Ke Go Sub-Project Table 28, Page 67, contains the environmental mitigation program for the Ke Go Sub-Project, based on the assessment of environmental impacts contained in Chapter 4: Impact-Assessment. Table 28 is organized according to the different phases of the Sub-Project - pre-construction, construction, and operation - for each of 33 This assumes a decentralized modality for Sub-Project implementation and will need to be modified if a more traditional, centralized modality for Sub-Project implementation is selected. Under either modality, VWRAP PMU can be either CPO or another unit set up or designated by MARD. 50 the two investment phases. 5.6 Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring for Ke Go Sub-Project The Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Program is designed to determine if the environmental mitigation measures for the Sub-Project (Table 28) are being implemented properly and are having the intended effects of avoiding, limiting, or rectifying negative environmental impacts. If mitigation compliance monitoring indicates that mitigation measures are not being implemented effectively or are not being effective, the appropriate responsible institutions will need to take corrective action. Table 29, Page 72, describes the Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Program for the Ke Go Sub-Project. 5.7 Environmental Effects Monitoring Program for Ke Go Sub-Proiect The Environmental Effects Monitoring Program for the Ke Go Sub-Project will measure ambient biotic and abiotic indicators of Sub-Project activities on the environmental resources of the Sub-Project Area and the associated area of influence. Chapter 4: Impact Assessment describes a number of instances in which it is necessary to monitoring environmental conditions to determine if the Sub-Project is having any effects on the environment and the magnitude of those effects. The results of the Environmental Effects Monitoring Program will be used, if necessary, to modify the Sub-Project design or implementation to reduce unexpected environmental impacts and to confirm the predictions about Sub-Project environmental impacts made in this EIA. Table 30, Page 74, describes the Environmental Effects Monitoring Program for the Ke Go Sub-Project. 5.8 Reporting Requirements for Ke Go EMP Table 24 summarizes the reporting requirements for the Ke Go Sub-Project and the institutional responsibilities for preparing these reports. All annual reports produced as part of the Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan will be required to contain: • An assessment of the success of mitigation activities (in the case of Sub-Project performance monitoring) or an assessment of the actual environmental effects of Sub-Project implementation in comparison to predictions made in the original EIA (in the case of environmental effects monitoring); • An explicit assessment as to whether the existing EMP framework is sufficient or not; and o If it is concluded that the existing EMP framework is not sufficient, a description of the reasons why it is not sufficient and a detailed set of recommendations for re-design of the EMP framework, complete with revisions to data and information to be gathered, data analysis to be performed, reporting, and budgets. The technical and planning reports (Table 24) will be supported by a broad range of administrative policies and contractual agreements. They include but are not restricted to: * Inception reports; o terms of reference; e contractor specifications for environmental protection and mitigation; o general Conditions of Contract for protection of the environment; and • site Environmental Management Plans produced by construction contractors. Both the VWRAP PMU Environmental Specialist, on behalf of the VWRAP PMU, and the Ke Go Sub-Project SIU will keep an electronic and paper library of all EMP planning, technical, and administrative reports produced by the Sub-Project. This information will be organized in a way that will be readily available for regulators, donors, government agencies, and other Sub-Project stakeholders as required. 5.9 Organizational Framework for Implementin2 the Ke Go EMP 5.9.1 Key Features of Organizational Framework The organizational framework for the Ke Go Sub-Project EMP that is outlined in detail below: works within the Sub-Project's overall organizational framework; 51 Table 24: Reporting requirements for the Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan. Repot Institutions for Review and l Report Responsibility for Preparation Frequency | Approval Reports Prepared Once During EMP Implementation Environmental Review of Ha Tinh Provincial Environmental Safeguard Prepared durng first year of VWRAP PMU, MARD, IDA, Ha Tinh Aquaculture Program and Environmental Contractor supported by Consultant P inglfirstayear of Ra PMUh DoS ID, Ho N h cmton Plan Enviromental SPhialists * VRAP implementation DoFI, Ha Tinh DoSTE, MoNRE etailed Design Document for Ke Go Sub- Consultant Environmental Once, during first yeareof Ke Go SIU, VWRAP PMU, IDA, roject Environmental Management Plan: Specialists, supported by vWRAP implemaini 80% Ke GoNRE, Ha PMUh DA, rst Investmening Sche e adKEnvironmental Safeguard Contractors P implementation, pror MARD, MoNRE, Ha Tinh DoSTE lImplem:rst Investment Phase nd initiation of construction Go S etailed Design Document for Ke Go Sub- Environmental Safeguard Once, in year immediately _aoject n vironmentalalanagement Plan: Contractor, supported by Consultant prior to implemenation of Ke Go SIU, VWRAP PMU, IDA, rojet Enviromenta l MnageEnvironmental Specialists and Ke Go investments in remaining 80% MARD, MoNRE, Ha Tinh DoSTE i ________________________________ SIU of command area 'anal Lining Schedule and Detailed Once, during first year of Ha Tinh PPC, VWRAP PMU, IDA, Implementation Plan: FirstInvestment Phaseb MKe Go SIU VWRAP implementabon, prior MARD, MoNRE, affected commune mplemeportafonrPlan F irst Investment Phase to initation of construction and villages anal Lining Schedule and Detailed Once, in year immediately Ha Tinh PPC, VWRAP PMU, IDA, mplementaton Plan: Second Investment Ke Go Dfn prior to implementation of MARD, MoNRE, affected commune hase investments in remaining 80% advlae of command area dnance Survey and Treatment Completion Once, during first year of Ha Tinh PPC, VWRAP PMU, IDA, eport for First Investment Phase Ministry of Defence Contractor VWRAP implementation, prior MARD, MoNRE, affected commune I____________________________ o initiation of construction and villages Once, in year immediately Ha Tin Drdnance Survey and Treatment Completion Miityo eec otatr prior to initiafor of MAR MoNR, VWAffce coMUneDA eport for Second Investment Phase Minh D prconstrucaton in remaining 80%K Mo l_____________________________________ Program_________________________ of command area and villages Regular Reports During EM Implementation Safeguard___ _P Annual Report on Implementation of Coastal Selected Provincial Agency with nual for each year that Aquaculture Environmental Management assigned responsibility for coastal coastal aquaculture EMP is Ke Go SIU, VWRAP PMU, IDA. Plan aquaculture EMP implemented MARD, MoNRE, Ha Tinh DoSTE AnnuallReport on Implementation of IPM Annual for each year that IPM nuogram Repoon Iompma renatiomune Ha Tinh DARD program extension services Ke Go SIU ____ ____ ____ ___ ____ ____ ___ are provided Ke Go Sub-Project Mitigation Compliance Environmental Safeguard vi Progress Repor t EContractor supported by Consultant Monthly Ke Go SIU rEnvironmental Specialists Environmental Safeguard Contractor, supported by Consultant Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Mitigation Environmental Specialists for first nnual during construction Ke Go SIU, VWRAP PMU, IDA, Compliance Monitoring Report three years, and supported by Ke Go pesod MARD, MoNRE, Ha Tinh DoSTE SIU throughout Sub-Project ____ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ im plem entation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Effects Environmental Safeguard Ke Go SIU, VWRAP PMU, IDA, Monitoing Progress Report Contractor supported by Consultant Six months into each year MARD, MoNRE, Ha Tinh DoSTE l___ingle ______annual ______report_____ Environmental Specialists Consultant Environmental Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Specialists, supported by Management Report, integrating all results Environmental Safeguard Contractor Anual, beginning with prne- K oSU WA M,IA rtom Ke Go Sub-Project EMP (mitigation, for first three years and cntubno is hs f K oSU WA M,IA itigation compliance monitoring, and Environmental Safeguard constrcstion of Mst as MARD, MoNRE, Ha Tinh DoSTE environmental effects monitoring) into a Contractor supported by Consultantinetns single annual report Environmental Specialists for ______________________________ ,remainder of implementation______________ _______________ __________________________ Periodic Reports Required As Needed ____________ Consultant Environmental Technical Design of Revised Ke Go Sub- Seils,suprdbyRqrdevytmeIDA, Ke Go SIU, VWRAP PMU, Project Environmental Management Plan Environmental Safeguard Contractor, modification of EMP is MARD, MoNRE, Ha Tinh DoSTE and Ke Go SIU, depending on nature required of redesign that is required . works within the practical human resource constraints of environmental management capacity in Viet Nam; . explicitly accounts for all aspects of what is required in successfully implementing the Environmental Management Plan: information collection, EMP management, reporting, and revision if necessary, 52 management decisions on the environment, and implementation of EMP management decisions; . uses existing procedures within the GoVN and between the GoVN and IDA that are already in place for reviewing and approving modifications to the Environmental Management Plan that are required in the case of Sub-Project design modifications or strengthening of existing mitigation and monitorng programs; . ensures that the reporting that is done as part of Environmental Management Plan implementation includes information that is needed by MARD, other concemed national agencies, and IDA to make decisions regarding the need for revisions to the Environmental Management Plan as may be required for the second phase of investments. 5.9.2 Institutional Responsibilities for EMP Implementation during Pre-Construction Phases The Pre-Construction Phase will essentially be the detailed design phase for the first phase of investments. Unless otherwise noted, all responsibilities detailed below apply to both pre-construction phases, i.e., for both the first and second investment phases. VWRAP PMU VWRAP PMU will have overall responsibility for successful implementation of environmental management activities. VWRAP PMU will make management decisions that support effective implementation of the EMP; this will include: * approving ToRs, bidding documents, and contracts for the Environmental Safeguard Contractors, including the environmental review of provincial aquaculture program; . efficiently manage the reviews of the following documents and ensure they are approved in a timely manner: - Environmental Review of Ha Tinh Provincial Aquaculture Program and Environmental Action Plan (1St investment phase); - Canal Lining Implementation Plans - Detailed Design Documents for Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan: First and Second Investment Phases - Set of terms and conditions for environmental mitigation to be included in construction contracts - Pre-Construction Phase Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Report (to serve as environmental baseline); and . Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation). KE Go SUB-PROJECT SIU The responsibilities of the Ke Go Sub-Project SIU in the Pre-Construction Phase will be to: . review and approve the following environmental documents prepared during the pre-construction phases: - Ordnance Survey and Treatment Completion Reports - Detailed Design Documents for Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan: First and Second Investment Phases - Pre-Construction Phase Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Report (to serve as environmental baseline) . Implement the Ke Go Sub-Project RAP and EMDP; . in consultation with Ha Tinh DARD, Ke Go IMC, and the districts and communes with jurisdiction in the pilot areas of the Ke Go Sub-Project develop a canal lining program that has the signed agreement of all these stakeholders and prepare Canal Lining Implementation Plans; . Prepare Terms of Reference for Ministry of Defence contractors for survey and treatment of UXO; . Prepare terms and conditions to include in construction contracts: - Environmental management of construction camps - Canal lining (to be taken from approved canal lining implementation plans) - Minimization of effects of construction activities on local residents - Avoidance of cultural and historic sites - Minimization of effects of dredged and excavated soils . Work with the Environmental Safeguard Contractor to prepare environmental mitigation compliance monitoring report formats and reporting procedures; . provide physical, biological, and socioeconomic information to the Environmental Safeguard Contractors as 53 required to complete the environmental baseline for the Ke Go Sub-Project area and the associated area of influence; and . Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation). HA TINH PROVINCIAL ORGANIZATIONS The responsibilities of the Ha Tinh Provincial Departments in the Pre-Construction Phases will be to: . review and approve the following environmental documents prepared during the pre-construction phases: - Environmental Review of Ha Tinh Provincial Aquaculture Program and Environmental Action Plan (Ha Tinh PPC, Ha Tinh DoSTE) (1s1 investment phase) - Canal Lining Implementation Plans (Ha Tinh PPC, Ha Tinh DoSTE, Ha Tinh DARD) - Detailed Design Documents for Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan: First and Second Investment Phases (DoSTE); - Pre-Construction Phase Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Report (to serve as environmental baseline) (DoSTE) . participate in the Ke Go Sub-Project EIA approval process; . serve as executing agency (DoSTE) and implementing agency (DoFI) for the environmental review of coastal aquaculture in Thach Ha District (15 investment phase); e provide physical, biological, and socioeconomic information to the Environmental Safeguard Contractors and Consultant Environmental Specialist as required to complete the environmental baseline for the Ke Go Sub-Project area and the associated area of influence (DARD, DoSTE, others); o advise MoNRE on any environmental concerns regarding project design, construction, and operation (DoSTE); and . Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation). CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS Construction contractors will commit to all proposed environmental protection and mitigation measures in key construction documents: general conditions of contract, contractor specifications, conditions of contract, etc. They will draft method statements for the Site EMP and any other relevant environmental protection measures and submit to the Ke Go SIU for approval. ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARD CONTRACTORS Environmental Safeguard Contractor responsibilities during the Pre-Construction Phase will include: . conducting the environmental review of the coastal aquaculture program in Thach Ha District under Ha Tinh DoSTE (executing agency) Ha Tinh DoFI (implementing agency) (1s' investment phase); . providing technical support to the Consultant Environmental Specialists in preparing both Detailed Design Documents for Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan: First and Second Investment Phases; . providing technical support to the Consultant Environmental Specialists in the preparation of the Pre- Construction Phase Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Report (to serve as environmental baseline) for review and approval (15' investment phase); . conducting the Pre-Construction Phase information gathering according to the Detailed Design Document; . conducting the following activities: - designing and establishing environmental monitoring database information and reporting system for the Ke Go Sub-Project designing environmental reporting structures and formats, including environmental mitigation compliance monitoring report formats and reporting procedures; and . Participating in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation). CONSULTANT ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALISTS The Consultant Environmental Specialists will verify as to whether or not major design changes have occurred since GoVN and IDA approval of the EIA report. If major design changes have occurred, then these changes will 54 need environmental approval from GoVN and IDA. The Consultant Environmental Specialists will also: . Prepare a detailed Inception Report for all aspects of the consulting assignment, including a detailed training and capacity building program; . Assist VWRAP PMU to prepare and finalize the following ToRs for the Environmental Safeguard Contractor: - Environmental review of coastal aquaculture program in Thach Ha District (15" investment phase) - Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring of construction contracts - Environmental effects monitoring for effects of coastal aquaculture in Thach Ha District - Environmental effects monitoring for effects of sedimentation, erosion, fertilizer, and pesticide application . Prepare both Detailed Design Documents for Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan: First and Second Investment Phases for review and approval; * supervise Pre-Construction Phase information gathering according to the Detailed Design Document (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation); . provide assistance to the Environmental Safeguard Contractors (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation) in: - designing and establishing environmental monitoring database information and reporting system for the Ke Go Sub-Project: - designing environmental reporting structures and formats, including environmental mitigation compliance monitoring report formats and reporting procedures . Provide technical assistance to Ke Go Sub-Project SIU in finalizing environmental terms and conditions for construction contracts: - Environmental management of construction camps - Canal lining (to be taken from approved canal lining implementation plans) - Minimization of effects of construction activities on local residents - Avoidance of cultural and historic sites - Minimization of effects of dredged and excavated soils; . preparing and submitting the Pre-Construction Phase Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Report (to serve as environmental baseline) for review and approval (15' investment phase); and . conducting environmental training programs for VWRAP PMU, Ke Go Sub-Project SIU, Ha Tinh Provincial Organizations, and Environmental Safeguard Contractors (see Section 5.1 1, Page 59) (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation). 5.9.3 Institutional Responsibilities for EMP Implementation during Construction Phases Unless otherwise noted, all responsibilities detailed below apply to both construction phases, i.e., for both the first and second investment phases. VWRAP PMU The responsibilities of the VWRAP PMU in the Construction Phases will be to: . efficiently manage the reviews with national environmental regulators, MARD, and GoVN of the following documents and ensure they are approved in a timely manner: - Annual Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Report, integrating all results from Ke Go Sub- Project EMP (mitigation, mitigation compliance monitoring, and environmental effects monitoring) into a single annual report . If necessary efficiently manage the review and approval by national environmental regulators, MARD, and GoVN of technical modifications to the Ke Go EMP if required (please see Section 5.12, Page 60); and . Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation). KE Go SUB-PROJECT SIU The responsibilities of the Ke Go Sub-Project SIU in the Construction Phases will be to: . Supervise the program for survey and treatment of UXO by the Ministry of Defence contractors; . Assist the Environmental Safeguard Contractor in environmental mitigation monitoring activities; . provide Sub-Project construction progress information to the Environmental Safeguard Contractors and Consultant Environmental Specialist as required to complete the annual monitoring reports; 55 . review and approve the following environmental documents prepared during the construction phases: - Annual Report on Implementation of Coastal Aquaculture Environmental Management Plan - Monthly Ke Go Sub-Project Mitigation Compliance Progress Reports - Annual Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Report - Annual Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Report, integrating all results from Ke Go Sub- Project EMP (mitigation, mitigation compliance monitoring, and environmental effects monitoring) into a single annual report . Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation). HA TINH PROVINCIAL ORGANIZATIONS The responsibilities of Ha Tinh Provincial Organizations in the Construction Phases will be to: . implement the Environmental Action Plan for coastal aquaculture in Thach Ha District (implementing agency to be selected during preparation of environmental review, but candidate organizations are Ha Tinh DoSTE, DARD, or DoFI); . prepare an implementation plan for the IPM program to be conducted under the Sub-Project and submit to Ke Go Sub-Project SIU for approval (DARD) . provide physical, biological, and socioeconomic information to the Environmental Safeguard Contractors and Consultant Environmental Specialist as required to complete the annual monitoring reports (DARD, DoSTE, others); . review and approve the following environmental documents prepared during the construction phases: - Annual Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Report (DoSTE) - Annual Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Report (DoSTE) . Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation). CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS The responsibility of the construction contractors will be to properly and effectively implement the environmental mitigation terms and conditions contained in their construction contracts. ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARD CONTRACTORS The responsibilities of the Environmental Safeguard Contractors in the Construction Phases will be to: . Monitor construction contractors during construction activities and report on their compliance with the environmental terms and conditions contained in their contracts; . Prepare the monthly Ke Go Sub-Project Mitigation Compliance Progress Reports . Prepare the annual Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Report . Conduct the Construction Phase environmental information gathering according to the Detailed Design Document for the following environmental effects monitoring: - Environmental effects of coastal aquaculture in Thach Ha District; - Water quality effects from erosion, sedimentation, fertilizers, and pesticides. . providing technical support to the Consultant Environmental Specialists in the preparation of the Construction Phase Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Reports (annual) for review and approval (11" investment phase); . Supervise and provide technical assistance to VWRAP PMU, Ke Go Sub-Project SIU, and Environmental Safeguard Contractors in the implementation of their components of the Ke Go Sub-Project EMP (after Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation); . prepare and submit the Construction Phase Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Reports (annual) for review and approval (after detailed design of EMP for 2nd investment phase); . Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation). CONSULTANT ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALISTS The responsibilities of the Consultant Environmental Specialists in the Construction Phases up to Year 3 of Sub- 56 Project implementation will be to: . Supervise and provide technical assistance to VWRAP PMU, Ke Go Sub-Project SIU, and Environmental Safeguard Contractors in the implementation of their components of the Ke Go Sub-Project EMP; . If necessary prepare environmental reviews of technical design modifications and revise the Ke Go EMP for approval (please see Section 5.12, Page 60); . prepare and submit the Construction Phase Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Reports (annual) for review and approval; and * conduct environmental training programs for VWRAP PMU, Ke Go Sub-Project SIU, Ha Tinh Provincial Organizations, and Environmental Safeguard Contractors (see Section 5.1 1, Page 59). 5.9.4 Institutional Responsibilities for EMP Implementation during Operational Phases Unless otherwise noted, all responsibilities detailed below apply to both operational phases, i.e., for both the first and second investment phases. VWRAP PMU The responsibilities of the VWRAP PMU in the Operational Phases will be to: . efficiently manage the reviews with national environmental regulators, MARD, and GoVN of the following documents and ensure they are approved in a timely manner: - Annual Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Report, integrating all results from Ke Go Sub- Project EMP (mitigation, mitigation compliance monitoring, and environmental effects monitoring) into a single annual report . If necessary efficiently manage the review and approval by national environmental regulators, MARD, and GoVN of technical modifications to the Ke Go EMP if required (please see Section 5.12, Page 60); and . Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation). KE Go SUB-PROJECT SIU The responsibilities of the Ke Go Sub-Project SIU in the Operational Phases will be to: . Assist the Environmental Safeguard Contractor in conducting environmental mitigation monitoring activities; . provide Sub-Project operational information to the Environmental Safeguard Contractors and Consultant Environmental Specialist as required to complete the annual monitoring reports; . review and approve the following environmental documents prepared during the operational phases: - Annual Report on Implementation of Coastal Aquaculture Environmental Management Plan - Annual Report on Implementation of IPM Extension Program - Annual Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Report, integrating all results from Ke Go Sub- Project EMP (mitigation, mitigation compliance monitoring, and envirorimental effects monitoring) into a single annual report . Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation). HA TINH PROVINCIAL ORGANIZATIONS The responsibilities of Ha Tinh Provincial Organizations in the Operational Phases will be to: . Continue to implement the Environmental Action Plan for coastal aquaculture in Thach Ha District (implementing agency to be selected during preparation of environmental review, but candidate organizations are Ha Tinh DoSTE, DARD, or DoFI); . implement the IPM program to be conducted under the Sub-Project (DARD) . provide physical, biological, and socioeconomic information to the Environmental Safeguard Contractors and Consultant Environmental Specialist as required to complete the annual monitoring reports (DARD, DoSTE, others); . review and approve the following environmental documents prepared during the pre-construction phases: 57 - Annual Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Report (DoSTE) - Annual Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Report (DoSTE) Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation). ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARD CONTRACTORS The responsibilities of the Environmental Safeguard Contractors in the Operational Phases will be to: . Monitor construction contractors during construction activities and report on their compliance with the environmental terms and conditions contained in their contracts; • Prepare the monthly Ke Go Sub-Project Mitigation Compliance Progress Reports • Prepare the annual Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Report o Conduct the Operational Phase environmental information gathering according to the Detailed Design Document for the following environmental effects monitoring: - Environmental effects of coastal aquaculture in Thach Ha District; - Water quality effects from erosion, sedimentation, fertilizers, and pesticides. o providing technical support to the Consultant Environmental Specialists in the preparation of the Operational Phase Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Reports (annual) for review and approval (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation); • Supervise and provide technical assistance to VWRAP PMU, Ke Go Sub-Project SIU, and Environmental Safeguard Contractors in the implementation of their components of the Ke Go Sub-Project EMP (after Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation); o prepare and submit the Operational Phase Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Reports (annual) for review and approval (after Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation); o Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation). CONSULTANT ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALISTS The responsibilities of the Consultant Environmental Specialists in the Operational Phases up to Year 3 of Sub- Project implementation will be to: o Supervise and provide technical assistance to VWRAP PMU, Ke Go Sub-Project SIU, and Environmental Safeguard Contractors in the implementation of their components of the Ke Go Sub-Project EMP; o If necessary prepare environmental reviews of technical design modifications and revise the Ke Go EMP for approval (please see Section 5.12, Page 60); . prepare and submit the Operational Phase Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Reports (annual) for review and approval; and * conduct environmental training programs for VWRAP PMU, Ke Go Sub-Project SIU, Ha Tinh Provincial Organizations, and Environmental Safeguard Contractors (see Section 5.1 1, Page 59). 5.10 Policy Guidelines for Detailed Design: Second Phase of investments Preparation of the Detailed Design of the Ke Go EMP for the second phase of investments will proceed as follows: o While no separate and additional environmental assessment is required for the second phase of investments, VWRAP PMU will formally confirm this conclusion prior to the detailed design of the engineering works for the second investment phase and will obtain approval for this from MoNRE, MARD, and IDA. o VWRAP PMU, with the assistance of the Consultant Environmental Specialists, will be responsible for preparing a Detailed Design Document for the Ke Go Sub-Project: Second Investment Phase. This Detailed Design Document will use the lessons learned from the results of the environmental management of the first investment phase of the Ke Go Sub-Project and will be prepared concomitant with the detailed technical and engineering design for the second phase of investments. o While no separate and additional environmental assessment is required, consultation with affected groups and communities in the remaining 80% of command areas will be required. This consultation will include, but not be restricted to: - Presenting the results and findings of the environmental management of the first phase of Ke Go Sub- 58 Project investments to affected groups and communities - Description of engineering works to be implemented in second investment phase, expected environmental effects, and scope of proposed environmental management plan. - Receipt of comments and suggestions from affected groups and communities on environmental issues associated with second investment phase and scope of proposed environmental management plan. These will be documented as a consultation record as part of the final detailed design document for the Environmental Management Plan for the second investment phase. . The results of the consultation will be used to prepare a final detailed design document for the Environmental Management Plan for the second investment phase. . VWRAP PMU will submit and obtain approval for the final detailed design document for the second investment phase from MoNRE, MARD, and IDA. * Upon receiving the necessary approvals, VWRAP PMU will be responsible for ensuring that the Environmental Management Plan for the second investment phase of the Ke Go Sub-Project is implemented according to the detailed design document. 5.11 Training and Capacity Upgrading Requirements for EMP Implementation 5.11.1 Evaluation of Environmental Management Capabilities Ke Go Sub-Project SIU Ke Go Sub-Project SIU will be comprised of representatives from Ha Tinh DARD and Ke Go IMC, both of which have received little training in environmental mitigation and project performance monitoring for environmental protection. In particular, Ke Go IMC has no environmental group in its organization and none of its staff have received any training in environmental mitigation and compliance monitoring3". Extensive capacity building will be required. Environmental Safeguard Contractors Environmental Safeguard Contractors will be selected according to IDA procurement requirements (either CQ or QCBS). There are numerous national consultant organizations in Viet Nam that will be able to demonstrate strong capacity sampling and basic environmental information-gathering. Based on experience with national consultant organizations in previous IDA-financed water resources projects, capacities of these organizations are weaker in the area of analysis and interpretation of data that are gathered, drawing conclusions from the results of the analysis, and developing recommendations about environmental impacts of the Ke Go Sub-Project for future effects monitoring, as will be required in the reporting for the Ke Go Sub-Project EMP. VWRAP PMU This will be a new organization and so its capacity for environmental management is unknown at this time. Using CPO as a guide, it is likely that the environmental staff of VWRAP PMU will be very competent in providing coordination of environmental aspects of water resources investment projects, but will have less capability in the areas of analysis and interpretation of data that are gathered, drawing conclusions from the results of the analysis, and developing recommendations about environmental impacts of VWRAP. Government Environmental Regulators MoNRE has received extensive training and capacity building through multi-year donor projects from CIDA, Sida, and now DANIDA3 in EIA, environmental management, environmental protection, and environmental monitoring. Through these very large donor projects, MoNRE has been able to provide extensive training to all provincial DoSTEs, including Ha Tinh DoSTE. No training or capacity building for these institutions is required and none is recommended. 5.11.2 Recommended Trainin2 and Capacity Building It is expected that the budget for the recommended training and capacity building, below, will be provided by the VWRAP Training and Capacity Building Fund. Ke Go Sub-Project SIU Ke Go Sub-Project SIU will receive training and capacity building in the following areas: 34 The same is true for other construction supervision organizations operating in Viet Nam that have been consulted as part VWRAP EIA preparation and implementation of other water resources projects (i.e., all VWRAP Sub-Project IMCs and PMB 416, as well as SlO 418 and SlO 419 for the MDWRP). 35 For example, CIDA has financed two phases (total of eight years) of the Viet Nam-Canada Environment Project (VCEP), with the National Environmental Agency as the Executing Agency and provincial environmental organizations receiving extensive training in EIA, environmental management, environmental information systems, and urban and industrial pollution control. Total CIDA grants for VCEP have been approximately US $10 million. 59 o preparng and working with terms and conditions to be included in construction contracts. These terms and conditions will include as required responsibility for mitigation and compensation for non-compliance; o for technical supervision staff training on how to conduct civil works monitoring and supervision to ensure environmental mitigation measures are being properly implemented (frequency of monitoring, type of works to be supervised, assessment and reporting); and preparation of compliance monitoring reports in accordance with the reporting requirements outlined above in Table 24. Also, construction contractors may require training on the proper implementation of the environmental mitigation measures in order to meet the terms and conditions included in their contracts and on the preparation of Site Environmental Management Plans. This training will need to be conducted at field locations with demonstrations of mitigation measures as required. The training will be designed so that technical supervision staff from the construction supervision entities will be able to deliver such training to additional contractors as they are engaged for construction works. Environmental Safeguard Contractors Training and capacity building will be provided in environmental monitoring. This training will focus on detailed design of the environmental monitoring system, including: specification of environmental impacts; clear set of indicators or criteria, such as water quality standards, or species richness indices; for example, which are used to evaluate changes in environmental conditions; o preparation of environmental baselines for environmental conditions in the Ke Go Sub-Project against which changes in environmental conditions may be assessed; •spatial and temporal controls for environmental monitoring to make it possible to ascribe changes in environmental conditions to Sub-Project effects rather than changes in factors unrelated to the Sub- Project; - design for the data gatherng or data analysis; o QA/QC; * analysis and presentation of data and results; * development of database information systems; and o reporting structures and formats in accordance with reporting requirements outlined above in above in Table 24. VWRAP PMU Technical assistance will be provided to environment (and other) staff in VWRAP PMU in incorporating the results of environmental management programs (such as the Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan) into water resources project management decision making. Considerable on the job training will be provided through implementation of the environmental components of the Design and Supervision Technical Assistance. 5.12 Reequirements for Flexibility and Adaptability in EMP Implementation This Environmental Impact Assessment makes predictions about the environmental impacts of the Ke Go Sub- Project (Chapter 4) based on existing information and understanding of the environmental and social resources of the Ke Go Sub-Project Area (Chapter 3) and the engineering works required for the Sub-Project as they are currently defined (Chapter 2). While the assessment concludes that the Ke Go Sub-Project is environmentally feasible, as with all predictions of environmental impacts, there is some uncertainty in the reliability of these predictions, certainly not so much uncertainty as to not proceed with the Sub-Project, but uncertainty nonetheless. There are a number of sources of this uncertainty: o the actual impacts that occur as a result of Sub-Project implementation may be different than the predictions made in this EIA because of the limited data and information available for a number of the environmental and social resources of the Sub-Project area; o the recommended mitigation measures may not be able to prevent negative environmental impacts; during Sub-Project implementation, various factors may require Sub-Project design modifications whose environmental impacts are beyond the scope of this EIA; or . the specific engineering works with regards to the second phase of investments are unknown. The organizational framework for the Ke Go Sub-Project is sufficiently flexible and adaptable to be very responsive to these unexpected situations. It is able to accommodate numerous situations during construction and operation of the Ke Go Sub-Project as described below. This concept of requiring the organizational framework to be adaptable to changing Sub-Project circumstances is in fact supported by IDA OP 4.01 - Environmental Assessment. 60 Scenario 1: Unexpected Environmental and Socioeconomic Impacts Trigger Sub-Project Design Modifications, Environmental Review of Design Modifications, and Possible Revisions to EMP There may be a need for modifications to the Sub-Project design in order to ameliorate or reduce unexpected environmental and/or socioeconomic impacts that were not predicted in this EIA. There is experience with this type of situation in water resources projects in Viet Nam. In the Mekong Delta Water Resources Project, for example, the South Mang Thit Sub-Project needed re-design as a result of unexpected and negative impacts of using an inappropriate sluice design that had been approved in the Sub-Project FS. If this scenario were to occur at any stage during implementation of the Ke Go Sub-Project, the institutional arrangements for implementing the Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan (Section 5.9, Page 51) will ensure that: * The new FS that is required for the Sub-Project modifications will-include an environmental review of the Sub-Project modifications. This environmental review will include a revision of the Environmental Management Plan if necessary, with adjustment of budgets, sampling regimes, and reporting requirements; and o The new FS for the Sub-Project modifications and the associated environmental review and revised Environmental Management Plan will be reviewed and approved using existing review and approval procedures for feasibility studies and environmental assessments in Viet Nam and between the GoVN and IDA. Existing review and approval procedures are sufficient and adequate36. Scenario 2: Detailed Design of Second Phase of investments Accompanied by Environmental Review and Possible Revisions to EMP Necessitated by the Investments There will be a requirement to review the detailed design of the second phase of investments for the Ke Go Sub-Project for envirohmental effects and, if necessary, modify the Environmental Management Plan. The institutional arrangements for implementing the Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan (Section 5.9, Page 51) will ensure that: o An environmental review will be prepared as part of the detailed design for the second phase of investments for the Ke Go Sub-Project. This environmental review will examine the lessons learned from monitoring the environmental effects of the first phase of investments; * This environmental review will include a detailed design of the Environmental Management Plan for the second phase of investments, including budgets, sampling regimes, and reporting requirements; and o The detailed design for the second phase of investments and the associated environmental review and revised Environmental Management Plan will be reviewed and approved using existing review and approval procedures in Viet Nam and between the GoVN and IDA. As above, existing review and approval procedures are sufficient and adequate. Scenario Situation 3: Review and Possible Revisions to EMP to Strengthen Existing Mitigation and Monitoring Programs Results from implementing the Environmental Management Plan may suggest that there is a need to modify the Environmental Management Plan for one of the following reasons: o Additional mitigation measures are required because the Sub-Project is having unexpected environmental effects that are not predicted in this EIA and these effects can be mitigated by modifying Sub-Project implementation rather than by modifying Sub-Project design; o mitigation measures that were specified in the original Environmental Management Plan are not proving to be effective and need to be strengthened or modified; o mitigation measures that were specified in the original Environmental Management Plan are proving to be too stringent and can be relaxed to improve cost-effectiveness; * the effects monitoring sampling regime needs to be adjusted to better detect impacts of the Sub-Project. Again, there is experience with this type of situation in water resources projects in Viet Nam. In the Mekong Delta Water Resources Project, for example, the water quality monitoring program was adjusted two years into Project implementation in order to better detect Project impacts downstream of the Project area. If this scenario were to occur at any stage during implementation of the Ke Go Sub-Project, the institutional arrangements for implementing the Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan (Section 5.9, Page 51) will ensure that: . a revised Environmental Management Plan to suit the revised requirements for environmental protection will be prepared, with adjustment of budgets, sampling regimes, and reporting requirements to suit the new requirements; and o the revised Environmental Management Plan will be reviewed and approved using the existing review and approval procedures in Viet Nam and between the GoVN and IDA. Scenario 4: No Changes Required in EMP Results from implementing the Environmental Management Plan 36 These procedures were followed in the case of the South Mang Thit Sub-Project. 61 may suggest that no changes are required to the either the Sub-Project design or the Environmental Management Plan itself and the Environmental Management Plan can continue to proceed as designed. 5.13 Costs of Ke Go Sub-Proiect Environmental Mana2ement Plan The total cost of the Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan is US $349,113, consisting of US $167,206 for the environmental mitigation program and US $181,907 for the environmental mitigation compliance monitoring and environmental effects monitoring programs. Detailed costs are provided in Table 25 and Table 26 for the Environmental Mitigation Programs and the Environmental Monitoring Programs (compliance monitoring and environmental effects monitoring), respectively. Table 27 contains a list of the assumptions made in the preparation of the cost of the Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan 62 Table 25: Detailed costs and schedule for Environmental Mitigation Program for Ke Go Sub-Project. Environmental Mitigation Cost Item Units US $ per Unit 2ea3 4f Impe6ntaio Total PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASES COSTS ARE INCLUDED IN SUB-PROJECT RESETTLEMENT AND DETAILED DESIGN COSTS Environmental Review of Coastal Aquaculture Fees - National Satequard Contractor cas60 60 - -- 3.600 DS - a Ionaeu Cot -co d---ay---------------50 '60 3,000 Travel lum sum 500 1 -500 ,~qiton. Reotn,Miscellaneous20pesnl7070 Subtotal Reotn.2%pronl7,20 -- -7820 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ________ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ............... ... ------ ...: ? . ...... ...7,820. Admnstration Fe (% ofS.toa Cst)626 _ .- --626 T otal _ _ _ _ _ _8 4 6- - - ----8,446- CONSTRUCTION PHASES _____ ___ ___ Detection and Cle _riLng Unexp!oded Ordnance..............................................._............. Survy a Tretmet InFirt investment Package Communes 1000 9 - 9000 Survey an Treatmen In Secon Investm.t.Packag commune 1000..... 51.. .... ......... -- 51,000 Subtotal ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.........------- 9.000 51,000 - 60.000 Adm~rinistration Fee L8% of Subtotal Costs)..-72.............. - --... 4.800 Total -9,720- 55,080 ----- ---------- -------- - -- _ 64_,_80 0 Mtjtion of Incremental Coastal Aquaculture Effects Wettend Restoration and Rehabilitation ha 500 -20 50 30 -- 50.000 Efn-vironm_entalExtensio Serie to Aaculture Households hh 10 -350 5 7.000 Subtotal - 13.500 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~28,500 15.00 - 57,000 Adm~InIstratIon Fee 8% o Sutota?Cot ------- 1.080 2,280 1,200 -4,560 Total- 14,580 30,780 '16,200 -- 61,560 OPERATIONAL PHASES lnteqrated Pest Managem.nt Pogjm far Command Are a PM Etninin i!rat Investment_Pack9apa __ .... com une 500..... .......-. ........ .... ...........9 4.500 PMEtnion in Second Investment Pa~cke communes 50. 25.5 25.5 25.500 Subtotal . .-......... 4,500 12,750 12,750 -- 30.000 .-Adminitrtion Fee (% of.Subtotal Coss 6 2 1,020 -- 2.400 Total - - 4,8~~~~~.. . . ... .................... 60 1 ,70 13,770 -- 32,400 iTotal, Environmental Mitigation Program 8,446 124,300 190,720 29,970 13,770 - - 167,206 63 Table 26: Detailed costs and schedule for Environmental Monitoring Programs for Ke Go Sub-Project. Environmental Monitoring Cost Item Units US $ per Unit 2 Year of Implementation 6 7 Total 23 4 5 __ __7_ MITIGATION COMPLIANCE MONITORING Fees - National Safeguard Contractor ays~~~~~qzl 60 11 22_ 22 22 22 22 t 8,011 DSA - National Safejuard Contractor - ------days ---------50 11 22 22 22 22 22 1fi 6,676 Trave lupsm500 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3,500 _Re,portinq_._Miscellaneous 2%pronl134 267 267 267 267 267 134 1,602 Subtotal 1,87 ,21-321 3.215 3,21 3,215 1,857 19,790 Administration Fee (8% of Subtotal Costs --------------149--------257--------257---- --257--------257--- 257---- -----149------- -1,5-------- 3- Total ________ 2,006 3,472 3,472 3,472 3,472 3,472 2,006 21,373 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MONITORING 1. CoPastal Wa tarQuality MOn -------------tor--------------------In----------------- _PH sample - 2 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 252 CoSnductiviLty sam ple--------------------1------18--------18--- -----18 18--- ------ ------18 18--- 18 126------- W ----- i ------ ~ TSS s~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~wPAe 6~~---- ----- --- 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 756 BODS sample ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~6 -- ----- -618 ---- d------ 18 18 - 18-- 18-------i ------ - ---18-- 18 ------ 756 COD spwp!e ~~~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~8 18 18 18 18 ----- g 18- 18 18i 1,008 oo samp)e - 5 ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~18 18 18 18 18 18 18 630 Subtotal Costs ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~134 138 1,38 1,38 1,38 1 38 1 38 9,35 To~tal Co A~sts, Coastal Water QualtyMniolnj 1,45-1,56-1456 1,46-1,56--4561-4- 1,190 Pe rsonnelCosts---------- --e---------n- ------d---y- 60.... 2 . 22 2f g 2 22 4 dministration Fee (8% of Sub total Costs 708 708 787878787 543 Total Costs, Coastal Wetland QualIty Monit Grins-~~~~~~ ~~~~~1.0456 1.04 1,4 ,4 .476 1,0476 1,0476 1029 Pronnal Costs, Enirnenta ImatWfAuaotrr.02 252 252k,0 .0 2,02 2,0 17,651 P 'j -- ------ ----- ------ ------ ----- ------ ------ ----- ------ ------ ----- ------ ------ ----4 Table 26: Detailed costs and schedule for Environmental Monitoring Programs for Ke Go Sub-Project., continued Environmental Monitoring Cost Item Units ~~~~~~~~~~~US $ per Unit 1 2 Year oflmplementation Total Environmental Monitoring Cost Item _____t_ ___1___T_ 2 3 14 5 6___ _____ Envronentl Mnltrln fo Efect ofSedimentation, Erosion, Fertilizers and Pesticides fia !LSt~D -----------------------------------------sample-----1--48---48--108- 108 108 4 48 110810 10808 638E TSS sample -------- 6------ 48 48 108 108 108 108 108 3.816 iJb sape648 48 108 108 108 108 108 3,816 Do sample 5 48 48 108 108 108 108 108~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ii 3.80 Na sample 5 48~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~w 48 18 08 08 108 108 3,8 sample 5 ~~~ ~~~ ~~~48 48 108 108 108 108 108 3,8180 Ca sample 5 ~~~ ~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~48 48 108 108 18 08 108 3,8 Biocides sample 100 12 12 27 27~~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 278 27 2 1 5 ,9800 Fecal Coliform s8wpAe 9 ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~48 48 408 408 48f 48 48 3,2 Total AnaLysis Casts, Surface Waler 4,848 4.848 10,368 10,368 10.368 10,368 10,368 61,5363,18 TtlAnalysis Costs , ufc ae ,4 ,4 038 1,6 038 1,6 - O38 6,3 TSS sample61 4 4 2 4 4 2 8 B005 sauzpjp61 4 2 4 2 4 2 8 COD sample - 8 14~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I 14 24 24- 24 24 2 1,184 Fe sape8 14 14 2 24 2 244 114 AJ - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - -- - - - - --- - - ---- - - - -- - sample - - - - - -- - -- - - - - - - - .. . . . -- - - 6 14 14-----24 24 24--- - 24 - - - - - ~ -- - - - 24 888-- -- N 03- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - --- - - - - ---2... sam ~ple - -- - -- - -- - 14-- - -- -- - -- -! -- - - 14 --- - - I--- - - - 24 24 24--- - 24-- -- - -- - - - 24 74-- -- -- BlocIdes sample 100 14~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~! 14 24 2 24 24 2 14,800 12R. CigyA~osts, Groundwater 2,254 2.254 3,864 3,864 3,864 3,864 3,864 2~2 Su- ------- - ------ace--- - ------- - W ater- - ------ - ---- -- - --Plus-- - - --- -- -- -----Groundw ater -- - -- -- -- - -- - - -- - -- --- - - -- -- i3~~~~~~~~~~L4n~~~~~~~~!xe~~~~~~~~~ Cost;-~~~~~~~~~~~~7,102 7,102 14,232 14,232 14,232 14,232 14,232 85,36.4 of Analysis Costs) ~~~~~~~~~~~~1,420 1.420 2.846 2,848 2,846 2.846 2,846 17.073 Personel, Re~in~ asts (0% at ampleand AnlysisCosts) 1,704 17 04 3,14i6 3,4L16 t l ,1 346 2~ 2M2p)RrnnPA~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~hS9YA~~~~~~~~~~AiPn ~~~~~~1,000 1,000 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1.500 9.500 Subtotal Costs ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~11,227 11,227 21,994 21,994 21,994 21,994 21.994 132,424 Mmqinistration Fee ....SbtoalCsts .* 98 898 170 176i ~ 6 1-,760 170 1~ Total Costs, Water Quality Monitoring 12,125 12,125 23,754 23,754 23,754 12d 2J5 ---3,754I-- 143,018 Total Costs, Environmena MntrnPogas16,633 1 3J! 2978128 2! 2,22 J i9 65 Table 27: List of assumptions made in cost estimation of Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan. Item No. Comments No. Communes in Pilot Areas 9 _ Socioeconomic informafion for Ke Go Sub-Project No. Communes in Remainder of Command Area 51 . Socioeconomic information for Ke Go Sub-Project No. Surface Water Sampling Locations in Pilot Areas in First 10 Investment Phase No. Surface Water Sampling Locabons Upstream and Downstream 8 of Command Area in First Investment Phase No. Surface Water Sampling Locations in Command Area in 30 Second Investment Phase No. Surface Water Sampling Locations Upstream and Downstream 6 of Command Area in Second Investment Phase No. Surface Water Samples per Year at Each Location 3 . Requirements estimated using professional judgment and No. Groundwater Sampling Locafions in Pilot Areas in First 10 water quality mondoring specialists at Sub-Institute for Water Investment Phase Resources Planning and Management No. Groundwater Sampling Locations Upstream and Downstream 4 of Command Area in First Investment Phase No. Groundwater Sampling Locations in Command Area in Second 20 Investment Phase No. Groundwater Sampling Locations Upstream and Downstream of Command Area in Second Investment Phase No. Groundwater Samples per Year at Each Location 1 No. Surface Water Samples for Coastal Aquacutture Monitoring 6 Rates for Water Quality Analyses and Associated Percentages for . Derived and extrapolated from Phuoc Hoa Water Resources Project EMP and Sampling Costs, Personnel Costs, etc. for Water Quality Monitoring Mekong Delta Water Resources Project EMP US $ per day for national consultant 60 * Assumes a 22 day working month, market pnce DSA for national consultant 50 US $ to survey and treat (if necessary) one commune for UXO 1,000 . Extrapolated from Phuoc Hoa Water Resources Project EMP From PFS conducted for ADB 5712 Coastal and Marne US $ to restore/rehabilitate one ha of coastal wetand 500 Environmental Management in the South China Sea, Phase 2 (2000) US $ to implement IPM in a commune 500 . Professional judgment 66 Table 28: Environmental mitigation program for Ke Go Sub-Project. Pre-Construction Phases MMGATION OF EFFECTS OF EXPANDED COASTAL AQUACULTURE IN THACH HA DISTRICT, PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASES RESOURCES TO * Surface Water Quality - Secton 4.6.1, Page 38 I BE PROTECTED * Aquabc Ecosystems and Aquatic Biodiversity - Section 4.6.2, Page 40 BE PROTECTED .* Terrestrial Ecosystems and Terrestrial Biodiversity - Section 4.6.2, Page 39 l Conduct an environmental review of the area of coastal aquaculture in Thach Ha District that is to benefit from the increased MITIGATION supply of freshwater water from the Sub-Project. Key issues to be examined include loss of coastal wetlands and other DESCRIPTION coastal ecosystems, management of sediment pond wastes and pond wastewaters, and existing provisions for environmental management of this program. Output will be a set of recommendabons to Ha Tinh Province for effective ________________ environmental management of the coastal aquaculture program in Thach Ha District. PHASE OF SUB * Pre-Construction: First Investment Phase PROJECT MmGAnON . An approved detailed environmental management program for coastal aquaculture in Ha Tinh Province, induding a detailed TARGETS schedule for implementabon MONIQORENG . No mondoring required at this stage . Consultant Environmental Specialist to prepare detailed Terms of Reference for study as part of detailed design of EMP: First Investment Phase REsPoNsIaILmEs * An appropriate Environmental Safeguard Contractor will be engaged to conduct the environmental review and prepare the FOR Coastal Aquaculture Environmental Management Plan (CQ selecton recommended). Inputs will be supervised by the IMPLEMENTATION Consultant Environmental Specialists . Ha Tinh DoSTE will be executing agency for the environmental review * Ha Tinh DoFI will be the implementing agency for the environmental review REPORTINr . A completed and approved Environmental Review of Coastal Aquacufture in Thach Ha District REl UIREMETS G . Institutions to review coastal aquaculture environmental management plan include: VWRAP PMU, MARD, IDA, Ha Tinh l REQUIREMENTS DoFI, Ha Tinh DoSTE, MoNRE MMGATION 8,446 - Please see Table 25, Page 63 for detailed description of costs and implementabon schedule. COSTS (US $) MITIGATION OF RESETTLEMENT AND LAND ACQUISITION . Populabons and Communities - Section 4.3.8, Page 34 RESOURCES TO . Infrastructure, Local Facilities - Section 4.6.3, Page 40 BE PROTECTED . Local Employment Levels - Section 4.4.3, Page 35 l_______________ . Economic Activities and Income - Secton 4.4.4, Page 35 . detailed design, approval, and implementaton of Resettlement Action Plan for Sub-Project affected households in MITIGATION accordance with IDA Operational Policy 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement DESCRIPTION . implementation of approved procedures for compensation for loss of land or other assets in accordance with IDA Operational Policy 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement PHASE OF SUB- . Pre-Construction: First Investment Phase PROJECT . Pre-Constructon: Second Investment Phase MITIGATION All Sub-Project-affected persons are fairly compensated. TARGETS REQUIRED . Monitoring of RAP implementation required lREQUoNIsRED s RESPONSIBILITIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION . Implementaton responsibility rests with Ke Go Sub-Project SIU REPORTING TS . Ke Go Sub-Project RAP contains complete details on implementabon responsibilities, costs, and reporting requirements REQUIREMENTS ! MITIGATION COSTS (US $) MITIGATION OF DISRUPTION TO WATER USERS FROM CANAL LINING, PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASES . Surface Water Hydrology - Section 4.6.1, Page 37- RESOURCESTO Aquatic Ecosystems and Aquatc Biodiversity - Section 4.6.2, Page 40 BE PROTECTED Domestc and Drinking Water Supply and Quality - Secton 4.6.3, Page 40 l BE PROTECTED . Populabons and Communities - Section 4.3.8, Page 34 . Economic AcUvities and Income - Section 4.4.4, Page 35 l ensure lining occurs with minimal disrupton to economic activities of water beneficiares by developing a canal lining MIlIGATiON schedule that is a combinaton of construction efficiency and minimal water user disruption lMITGATIoN develop a canal lining schedule using a thorough and welldocumented consultaton process that obtains approval for water DESCRIPTION disrupbon to water users and provincial govemment (responsible for implementing provincial economic development plans and responsible for meeing provincial economic output trets) 67 Table 28: Environmental mitigation program for Ke Go Sub-Project., continued. Pre-Construction Phases, continued MrrTGATION OF DISRUPTION TO WATER USERS FROM CANAL LINING, PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASES, CONTINUED PHASE OF SUB- . Pre-Construction: First Investment Phase PROJECT . Pre-Construction: Second Investment Phase MmGATION . Two canal lining plans, each complete with detailed implementation schedule and terms and conditions for construction contractors, one for each investment phase, that have the approval of Ha Tinh Province, affected districts and communes, TARGETS and with villages in the affected communes having been consulted and informed. MONITORING . Montoring required to ensure canal lining program proceeds as approved and affected households are satisfied with the l REQUIRED) disruption they endure. Monitonng results from first investment phase will be used to modify the design of the canal lining program for the second investment phase if required. . Ke Go Sub-Project SIU will have primary responsibility for developing canal lining schedule. Ke Go Sub-Project SIU will have RESPONSIBILmES the responsibility for preparing the appropriate terms and conditions to include in the construction contracts for canal lining. FOR These terms and condifions should include specification of penalbes for non-compliance with agreed lining schedule. IMPLEMENTATION - VWRAP PMU, IDA, MARD will have the opportunity to review draft plans as they are prepared * Ha Tinh PPC will give final approval of each of the canal lining plans. REPORTING . Two reports will be prepared, one for each investment phase. These reports will consist of the detailed implementa0on REQUIREMENTS schedule for the canal lining of each of the two investment phases . It will be necessary obtain approval for canal lining for water supply disruption from water users and provincial govemment COMMENTS (responsible for implementing provincial economic development plans and responsible for meeting provincial economic I output targets) through an extensive and documented consultation process MCGSTS N (USS) . Part of detailed design costs for Ke Go Sub-Project COSTS (US $ MITIGATION OF EFFECTS THROUGH CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS: DISRUPTION TO WATER USERS FROM CANAL LINING; EFFECTS OF DREDGED AND EXCAVATED SOILS; AVOIDANCE OF CULTURAL AND HISTORIC SITEs; DISRUPTION TO LOCAL COMMUNMES FROM CONSTRUCTION ACTIVTIES l Surface Water Hydrology - Section 4.6.1, Page 37 l Aquatic Ecosystems and Aquatic Biodiversity - Section 4.6.2, Page 40 RESOURCES TO . Domestc and Drnking Water Supply and Quality - Secbon 4.6.3, Page 40 BE PROTECTED . Populations and Communities - Section 4.3.8, Page 34 l Economic Acivities and Income - Section 4.4.4, Page 35 . Cultural and Historic Resources - Secton 4.6.3, Page 41 MITIGATION . Develop terms and condibons to be included in construction contracts to avoid or minimize the effects of construction activities on important environmental resources in the Ke Go Sub-Project and associated area of influence (see Table 28 DESCRIPTION below, under Construction Phase for details of terms and conditions to be included) PHASE OF SUB- . Pre-Construction: First Investment Phase PROJECT . Pre-Constructon: Second Investment Phase MITIGATION . Approved set of terms and conditions induded in all construction contracts ITARGETS MONITORING . No monitoring required at this time REQUIRED RESPONSIBILITIES . Ke Go Sub-Project SIU will have prmary responsibility for developing canal lining schedule . Consultant Environmental Specialists will provide technical assistance to Ke Go Sub-Project SIU in prepanng these terms FOR and conditions IMPLEMENTATION REPORTING REQUIREMENTS . none COSTS G US S) -. Part of detailed design costs for Ke Go Sub-Project Construction Phases MITIGATION OF RISKS FROM UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE RESOURCES TO . Populations and Communities - Section 4.3.8, Page 34 BE PROTECTED . Infrastructure, Local Facilities - Section 4.6.3, Page 40 MITiGATION . Carry out UXO detection survey in all areas of unproductive/unused land that is going to be disturbed from construction actvities or civil works that Aill require excavation to below 2 m depth. ESCRIPTION . Safely remove and secure all ordnance pror to beginning construction work. PHASE OF SUB- . Pre-Construction: First Investment Phase PROJECT . Pre-Constnuction: Second Investment Phase 68 Table 28: Environmental mitigation program for Ke Go Sub-Project., continued. Pre-Construction Phases, continued I____________ MITIGATION OF RISKS FROM UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE, CONTINUED MTARGETS . No injuries or deaths caused by UXO detonabon durng construction phase MoNETRDNG * No monitoring is required RESPONSIBILMES ORESPONSIBILmES .Ministry of Defence will be responsible for implementing this component of the mitigation program. They have undertaken IMPLEMENTAION similar actvities for other infrastructure prjects in Viet Nam. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS . Ordnance Survey and Treatment Completion Report to be submitted by Ministry of Defence contractors MMGATION 64,800- Please see Table 25, Page 63 for detailed description of costs and implementation schedule. MITIGATION OF EFFECTS OF EXPANDED COASTAL AQUACULTURE, CONSTRUCTION PHASES RESOURCESTO Surface Water Quality - Secton 4.6.1, Page 38 BE PROTECTED . Aquatic Ecosystems and Aquatic Biodiversity - Section 4.6.2, Page 40 B Terrestrial Ecosystems and Terrestrial Biodiversity - Section 4.6.2, Page 39 l Implementation of mhe priority components of the environmental management plan for the Thach Ha District coastal aquaculture program developed in the pre-construcSon phase of the first investment phase. These components are MmGATION expected to included but not be restricted to: - Restoration and rehabilitabon of up to 100 ha of degraded wetiands in Thach Ha District (actual amount will depend upon DESCRIPTION results of environmental review of Ha Tinh coastal aquaculture conducted in pre-construcfion phase . Environmental extension services provided to aquaculture households on appropriate management of sediment pond wastes and pond wastewaters PHASE OF SUB- . Construction: First Investment Phase PROJECT MITIGATION . No net loss of important coastal ecosystems as a result of coastal aquaculture program implementation TARGETS . Minimization of impacts on coastal water quality from implementation of coastal aquaculture program . Compliance monitoring will be required to ensure mitigation targets as specifed in the coastal aquaculture environmental MONITORING management plan are met REQUIRED . Environmental effects monitoring will be required to assess effects of coastal aquaculture in Thach Ha District on the coastal aquatic environment l The execubng and implementng agencies for implementing the priority components of the environmental management plan RESPONSIBILITIES for the coastal aquaculture program will be selected upon approval of the actual environmental management plan (see FOR above); candidate institutions are Ha Tinh DARD, Ha Tinh DoSTE, and Ha Tinh DoFi IMPLEMENTATION - National Safeguard Contractors will provide technical assistance to the implementing agency as required . Funds for implementation of prorioty components of environmental management plan to be financed from VWRAP funds. REPORTING . Annual mitigation progress reports to be prepared by the implementing agency and submitted to Ke Go Sub-Project SIU I REQ UREMENTs CAnnual Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan report will include summary of implementabon progress and REQUIREMENTS documentation of changes in coastal wetiands and coastal water quality in Thach Ha Distrct. COST S I USI 61,560 - Please see Table 25, Page 63 for detailed description of costs and implementation schedule. MITIGATION OF DISRUPTION TO WATER USERS FROM CANAL LINING, CONSTRUCTION PHASES . Surface Water Hydrology - Section 4.6.1, Page 37 RESOURCES TO . Aquatic Ecosystems and Aquatbc Biodiversity - Secton 4.6.2, Page 40 PROTECTED . Domestic and Drnking Water Supply and Quality - Secion 4.6.3, Page 40 I BE ROTECTED . Populations and Communities - Section 4.3.8, Page 34 . Economic Activities and Income - Section 4.4.4, Page 35 MrTIGATION . Implement canal lining program according to implementation plan developed during pre-construction (detailed design DESCRIPTION phases) PHASE OF SUB- Construction: First Investment Phase PROJECT .Construction: Second Investment Phase MmGATION . Canal lining implemented according to two canal lining plans All stakeholders consulted and informed during design of canal lining programs, induding those who signed the canal lining TARGETS plans are satisfied with results of implementation MONrTORING . Compliance monioring required to ensure canal lining program proceeds as approved and affected households and communities are satisfied with the disruption they endure. Monitoring results from first investment phase will be used to REQUIRED modify the design of the canal lining program for the second investment phase if required. I RESPONSIBILmES . Mitigation measures to be implemented as terms and conditions of constructon contracts. Ke Go Sub-Project SIU will be FESOR SIBILMES responsible for overseeing the implementation of the canal lining plan I FOR e Construction contractors will be responsible for implementing the mitgation measures according to contract terms and IMPLEMENTATION conditions 69 Table 28: Environmental mitigation program for Ke Go Sub-Project., continued. Construction Phases, continued MITIGATION OF DISRUPTION TO WATER USERS FROM CANAL LINING, CONSTRUCTION PHASES REQUIREMENTS . Reporting on compliance with mitigation measures to be part of environmental mitigation compliance monitonng activities MmGATo N . Part of detailed design costs for Ke Go Sub-Project MITIGATION OF EFFECTS OF DREDGED AND EXCAVATED SOILS .Soils-Section 4.6.1, Page 37 RESOURCES TO a Sedimentation and Erosion - Secton 4.6.1, Page 38 BE PROTECTED . Surface Water Quality - Secton 4.6.1, Page 38 l IN . WhAquatic Erosystems and Aquadg c Biodiversity Section 4.6.2e Page 40 lUse of the construction area at the headworks site should be stricaiy delineated and contrled.l i Remove topsoil before starting construccton activities. Remove topsoil under the future stockpile. Separate topsoil stockpiles and earth stockpile to avoid mixing both soils. Create small stockpiles with topsoil (less than 2 meters high) in order to c conserve its characteisfics for future use ater the consgruc mpon works MmGATION sWhere possibleo used dredged and excavated soils in enginee.ng works such as road foundations. Idenufy and deary DESCRIPTION delineate stockpiles for storage of excavated soils where required. Ensure stockpiles are a suitable distance from surface water sources. cEnsure compensation is provided for stockpile acquisition. Remove toesoil under stotkpile sites before starting construcaon aclhvites. Separate topsoil stockpiles and earth stockpiles to avoid mixing. Create small stockpiles e th topsoil (less than 2 m high) PROJECT . Construct sedimentacon basins to capture water coming from pumping activibes and runoff from stockpiles. Maintain l MMGATON sedimentation basins in good working condision.ao DESCRIPTnoN I NRehabilitate all agrioltural and other land affected by a onstruction acbvibes associated with engineeing civil works to pre- CONTINUED cons truction conditions aCompensate ccording to the RAP, famers living along canals who have been affected t y the disposal of spoil.o PHASE or- SUB- .Construction: First Investmnent Phase IPROJECT . Construcfion: Second Investment Phasei REQUID .best practices mimplemented according to speifica tions. MrAI O M .No soil dumped outside of approved disposal areas.I REGSONS IBoMrow pits in environmentally suitable locationst sites re-vegetated to pre-construction conditions at end of construction w I TARGETS . 100% Of agriwltural land rehabilitated and 100% of damaged roads rehabilitatedl . Farmers living along canals are adequately compensated for damage caused to their assets during constructionl IMONITORING . Complianc-e monitoring will be required to ensure mifigabion targets are metl RESOSBLTE .Mitigation measures to be implemented as terms and condibions of construction contracts. Ke Go Sub-Project SIU will be FOR responsible for preparng terms and conditions with technical assistance from the Consultant Environmental Specialists. I Constructon contractors will be responsible for implementing the mitigation measures according to contract terms and IMPLEMENTATION conditions. REPORTING . Reporting on compliance with mitigation measures to be part of environmental mitigation compliance monitorng activities IREQUIREMENTS COSTS (US . Costs for miLgabon measures are inciuded as part of constructon contract costs. MITIGATION TO AVOID DISRUPTION TO CULTURAL AND HISTORIC SITES | RESOURCES TO . Cultural and Historic Resources - Section 4.6.3, Page 41 BE PROTECTED .All mitigation regarding cultural and historic sites to be implemented in accordance with IDA Operational Policy 11.03 - Cultural Property MITIGATION Locate construction facilities (worker camps, etc.) to avoid permanent alienation of important cultural or historic sites DESCRIPTION - Where possible, locate engineering civil works to avoid permanent alienation of important cultural or historic sites I DESCRIPTION . Mark and fence off important cultural and historic sites that are adjacent or near to construction facilities and engineering civil works to prevent damage l Construction contractors to include plan for avoidance of cultural and historic sites as part of their technical bids PHASE OF SUB- . Construction: First Investment Phase PROJECT . Construction: Second Investment Phase TARGETS . Ali cultural and historic sites within the Sub-Project remain intact and in the same condition as pror to constructon MONRTORING Compliance monitoring will be required to ensure mitigation targets are met ;REQUIRED RESPONSIBILmES . Mibgation measures to be implemented as terms and conditions of construction contracts. Ke Go Sub-Project SIU will be FOR responsible for preparing terms and conditions with technical assistance from the Consultant Environmental Specialists. IMPLEMENTATION . Constructon contractors will be responsible for implementing mitigation measures according to terms and condibons. 70 Table 28: Environmental mitigation program for Ke Go Sub-Project., continued. Construction Phases, continued MmGATION TO AVolD DISRUPTION TO CULTURAL AND HISTORIC SITES, CONTINUED REPORTING . Reporting on oompliance with mitigabon measures to be part of environmental mitgation compliance monitoring activities COSTS (US S . Costs for mitigation measures are included as part of costruction contract costs. MmGATION OF POSSIBLE DISRUPTION TO LOCAL COMMUNITIES FROM CONSTRUCTION ACTIVmES RESOURCES TO . Populabons and Communities - Section 4.3.8, Page 34 BE PROTECTED * Infrastructure and Local Facilities - Section 4.6.3, Page 40 . Al vehicles must meet noise and air emission national standards. . Households, outside construction Right-of-Way ROW [inside is induded in the RP) which have suffered damage from road construction or road traffic impact should be compensated. MmGATION . Speed limits must be enforced on permanent and temporary roads. DESC~PTION . Safety signs and guard rails should be installed as needed. Specific security measures should be designed for village and DESCRIPTION school areas along the temporary and permanent prject roads (e.g. speed bumps located at each end of residential areas or near schools). . Compensate, according to the Resettlement Plan, households outside the ROW who have suffered damage from road construction or construction-related traffic. PHASE OF SUB- . Construcbton: First Investment Phase PROJECT . Construction: Second Investment Phase MmGATION . No injuries or death to Sub-Project caused by construction actvibes TARGETS . Households outside of ROW are adequately compensated for disturbance caused by road traffic, other construction activites . All inquires and any complaints from local residents are prompty and property dealt with by construction contractors. MONrORENG . Compliance monitoring will be required to ensure mitigation targets are met REsPoNsIBILmEs . Mitigabon measures to be implemented as terms and conditions of construction contracts. Ke Go Sub-Project SIU will be FOR responsible for preparing terms and conditons with technical assistance from the Consultant Environmental Specialists. IMPLEMENTAnION . Construction contractors will be responsible for implementing the mitigation measures according to contract terms and IMPLEMENTATION_ conditions. REPORTING . Reporting on compliance with mitgaton measures to be part of environmental mitigation compliance monitoring activities MCOGATSON . Costs for mitgation measures are included as part of constructon contract costs. Operational Phases MITIGATION OF INCREASED APPLICATION OF PESTICIDES AND FERTILIZERS DUE TO AGRICULTURAL EXTENSIFICATION AND INTENSIFICATION . Surface Water Quality - Section 4.6.1, Page 38 RESOURCES TO . Groundwater Resources - Section 4.6.1, Page 39 BE PROTECTED . Aquatic Ecosystems and Aquabc Biodiversity - Section 4.6.2, Page 40 B Domestic and Drinking Water Supply and Quality - Section 4.6.3, Page 40 . Human Health - Secton 4.4.9, Page 36 MmGATION . strengthening existng IPM practices in the command area through the provision of training in IPM techniques, pesbtcide and fertilizer selecbon and use, and encouragement of crop diversification. IPM extension will be conducted in accordance with DESCRIPTION IDA OP 4.03 - Pesticide Management PHASE OF SUB- . Operabon: First Investment Phase PROJECT . Operaton: Second Investment Phase MITIGATION . No change in eutrophic status of surface and groundwater resources within and immediately downstream of Sub-Project TARGETS No change in pesticide levels in surface and groundwater resources within and immediately downstream of Sub-Project A Decrease or no change in amount of pesticide and fertiizer used in Sub-Proiect area per ha of crop cultivation MONITORING REQUIRED . Effects monitoring will be required to measure environmental condifions in surface and groundwater resources RESPONSIBILTIES . IPM program to be implemented by Agriculture Extension offices under Ha Tinh DARD, and involving comprsing village level FOR extension officers, subject matter specialists, agrcultfue extension centers; provincial extension units; farmer association IMPLEMENTATION support organizations REQUORENG T Annual IPM program implementation reports to be provided by Ha Tinh DARD to Ke Go Sub-Project SIU. COSTS (UIS ON 43,200 - Please see Table 25, Page 63 for detailed desacon of costs and implementation schedule. 71 Table 28: Environmental mitigation program for Ke Go Sub-Project., continued. ODerational Phases, continued MmGATION OF INCREMENTAL EFFECTS OF PROVISION OF WATER FOR INDUSTRIAL USES, OPERATIONAL PHASE DESCRIPTION * Implementation of program for strengthening environmental governance of industrial pollution control in Ha Tinh Province PHASE OF SUB- . Operation: First Investment Phase PROJECT . Operabion: Second Investment Phase MMGATION . strengthened environmental govemance of industrial pollubion control in Ha Tinh Province, induding strengthened TARGETS enforcement and compliance monitoring of industrial poBution regulations in Ha Tinh Province RESPONSIBILMES FOR IMPLEMENiTATION REPORTING L This mitigabion will be part of a mitigation program for environmental govemance of industrial pollution control to be REQUIREMENTS conducted at the Project level within VWRAP lQMlTRGAnoN COSTS (US $) MITIGATION OF EFFECTS OF DESIGN FLOOD OCCURRENCE RESOURCES TO . Populations and Communities - Section 4.3.8, Page 34 BE PROTECTED Infrastructure and Local Facilities - Section 4.6.3, Page 40 MDriGATION . Implementation of Ke Go Dam Emergency Preparedness Plan PHASE OF SUB- . Operation: First Investment Phase PROJECT . Operabon: Second Investment Phase MmGATION TARGETS MONITORING REQUIRED RESPONSIBILMES FOR . Please see Ke Go Sub-Project FS for details regarding Ke Go Dam EPP IMPLEMENTATION REPORTING REQUIREMENTS MITIGATION COSTS (US S) Table 29: Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Program. Pre-Construction Phases MITIGATION OF EFFECTS OF EXPANDED COASTAL AQUACULTURE IN THACH HA DISTRICT - PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASES MITIGATION PERFORMANCE MONITOINGATI AERRMT CES . Review and approval of Environmental Review of Coastal Aquaculture in Thach Ha Distrct MONrTORlNG ACTMTfIES 1 RESPONSIBILITES FOR MITIGATION PERFORMANCE . institutions to review and approve coastal aquaculture environmental management plan include: VWRAP PMU, MITIGATION PERFORMANCE MARD, IDA, Ha Tinh DoFI, Ha Tinh DoSTE, MoNRE MONITORING _________________________________________ TOTAL ESTIMATED COST . Costs included as part of VWRAP implementation i___________________ MITIGATION OF RESETTLEMENT AND LAND ACQUISITION MITIGATION PERFORMANCE MONITORING AcTImETIS RESPONSIBILTMES FOR . Ke Go Sub-Project RAP contains complete details on implementation responsibilities, monitoring, costs, and MITIGATION PERFORMANCE reporting requirements MONITORING l., TOTAL ESTIMATED COST 72 Table 29: Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Program. continued Pre-Construction Phases, continued MITIGATION OF DISRUPTION TO WATER USERS FROM CANAL LINING MMGATION PERFORMANCE . Review and approval of Canal Lining Plan prepared by Ke Go Sub-Project SIU (one for each investment phase) MESONSITOILIATIVESO RESPONSPBILTES FOR l Ha Tinh Province and affected districts and communes will review and approve plans. MMGATIONITORING MANCE All villages in the affected communes will have been consulted and informed regarding the plans prior to approval MONITORING 1 TOTAL ESTIMATED COST . Costs induded as part of VWRAP implementation MITIGATION OF RISKS FROM UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE MMGATION PERFORMANCE . Review and approval of Ordnance Survey and Treatment Completion Report prepared by Ministry of Defence MONITORING AcrPItEs contractors (one for each investment phase) RESPONSIBILrTIES FOR MMGATION PERFORMANCE . Ke Go Sub-Project SIU will be responsible for appropriate review and approval of completion reports MONITORING TOTAL ESTIMATED COST Costs included as part of VWRAP implementation MITIGATION OF EFFECTS THROUGH CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS: DISRUPnON TO WATER USERS FROM CANAL LINING; EFFECTS OF DREDGED AND EXCAVATED SOILS; AVOIDANCE OF CULTURAL AND HISTORIC SITES; DISRUPTION TO LOCAL COMMUNMES FROM CONSTRUCTION ACTIVATIES . supervision of construction contractors during construction activities and reporting on their compliance with the environmental terms and conditions contained in their contracts . synoptic reports will be prepared for each construction contractor visit (approximately 10 inspections per month). These will be integrated into a monthly summary report that will be submitted to Ke Go Sub-Project SIU. . A twice-yearly Ke Go Sub-Project Performance Monitorng Report, summarizing construction contractor MITIGATION PERFORMANCE performance in the previous six months, will be prepared and submitted to Ke Go Sub-Project SIU. MONITORING ACTIVITIES . All monthly summary reports and the twice-yearly Ke Go Sub-Project Performance Monitoring Report will also be sent to VWRAP-PMU . Annual compliance monitoring results will be integrated into the annual Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Monitoring Report . Design of the reporting formats and supervision procedures will be completed during the Pre-Construction (Detailed Design) Phase . An approprate Environmental Safeguard Contractor will be engaged to conduct supervision visits to construction RESPONSIBILmES FOR sites, and prepare mitigation performance monitoring reports descrbed above. Supervision visits wiil be MITIGATION PERFORMANCE conducted with technical supervision staff of Ke Go Sub-Project SIU to provide on-the-job training. MONITORING . Consultant Environmental Specialists will assist in design of the reporting formats and supervision procedures during the Pre-Construction (Detailed Design) Phase. TOTAL ESTIMATED COST US S21,373 - Please see Table 26, Page 64 for detailed descrption of costs and implementation schedule. MITIGATION OF EFFECTS OF EXPANDED COASTAL AQUACULTURE IN THACH HA DISTRICT - CONSTRUCTION PHASES MITIGATION PERFORMANCE MONITORING ACTIVITIES . Annual reports prepared by implementing agency on progress of implementation of environmental management RESPONSIBILITIES FOR ptan for coastal aquaculture in Thach Ha District and submitted to Ke Go Sub-Project SIU and VWRAP PMU for MITIGATION PERFORMANCE review and approval MONITORING l TOTAL ESTIMATED COST . Costs included as part of VWRAP implementabon Operational Phases MITIGATION OF ONGOING DEGRADATION OF SURFACE WATERS IN IRRIGATION SCHEME BY AQUATIC WEEDS - OPERATIONAL PHASES MITIGATION PERFORMANCE MONITORING ACTIVITlES - Annual reports prepared by Environmental Safeguard Contractor on progress of implementabon of action plan for RESPONSIBILITIES FOR control of aquatic weeds MITIGATION PERFORMANCE * Ke Go IMC will be responsible for appropriate review and approval of progress and final completon reports MONITORING TOTAL ESTIMATED COST .Costs included as part of VWRAP implementation 73 Table 29: Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Program. continued Operational Phases, continued MITIGATION OF INCREASED APPLICATION OF PESTICIDES AND FERTILLZERS DUE TO AGRICULTURAL EXTENSIFICATION AND INTENSIFICATION MITIGATION PERFORMANCE MONrTORING ACTIVITIES . Annual IPM implementation reports to be provided by Ha Tinh DARD to Ke Go Sub-Project SIU REsPoNsIBILmEs FOR . Ke Go Sub-Project SIU wilt be responsible for approprate review and approval of progress and final completion MMGATION PERFORMANCE reports of IPM program for Ke Go Sub-Project command area MONITORING l TOTAL ESTIMATED COST . Costs included as part of VWRAP implementation Table 30: Sub-Project Environmental Effects Monitoring Sub-Program. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF EXPANDED COASTAL AQUACULTURE IN THACH HA DISTRICT AND EFFECTS OF COASTAL AQUACULTURE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN l Determine: MONITORING - what are the environmental effects of increasing aquaculture as a result of providing freshwater from the Ke Go Sub- OBJECTIVE Project to the aquaculture sector in coastal Ha Tinh; and - the success of the environmental management program for the coastal aquaculture sector developed under WvRAP. * the exact environmental indicators to be measured will be determined dunng the environmental review of the coastal aquaculture program conducted durng the pre-construction phase of the first investment phase (Table 28, Page 67), but it ENVIRONMENTAL is expected that the following environmental indicators will be need to be measured: INDICATORS TO BE - Ambient freshwater and coastal water quality: pH, conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), BOD5, COD, Fe, Al, MEASURED nitrate-nitrite (N02-3), phosphate (P04-P), dissolved oxygen - Integrity of coastal wetlands and condition of any weUands restored as part of coastal aquaculture environmental management plan: area of wetland by wetland category and condition of these wetlands . Ambient freshwater and coastal water quality: - Six sampling locations within and adjacent to the aquaculture area in Thach Ha District: one sampling location upstream SAMPLING and four sampling locations within the aquaculture area, as well as one sampling location in the nearshore coastal area LOCATIONS of Thach Ha District. . Integrty of coastal wetlands and condition of restored wetlands: - All coastal weUands throughout Thach Ha District will be surveyed (approximately 1,700 ha) SAMPLING F Ambient freshwater and coastal water quality: HESULE, IRST - Each year; 3 times per year in each survey location (once after each shrimp crop and once durng rainy season) AND SECOND . Integnty of coastal wetlands and condition of restored wetlands: INVESTMENT - Annually: Year 1 to provide a pre-Sub-Project baseline PHASES ADDITIONAL DATA . Up to date, timely, and accurate information for each year of Sub-Project on: AND INFORMATI1ON - land use and commodity production TO BE COLLECTED - construction and operation of the Sub-Project . an Environmental Safeguard Contractor will be engaged tCQ selection recommended) to implement this component of the RESPONsIBILITIES Environmental Effects Monitoring Program under the direction of the Ke Go Sub-Project SIU. Detailed ToR for the FOR Contractor will be prepared by the Consultant Environmental Specialist during Detailed Design Phase for Ke Go Sub- IMPLEMENTATION Project. Consultant Environmental Specialist will oversee and guide Environmental Safeguard Contractor during first three years of implementabion. . for first three years of Sub-Project implementation, Consultant Environmental Specialists, with the assistance of the REPORTING Environmental Safeguard Contractor, will include results in annual Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan REQUIREMENTS Report. After this, reporting responsibility will lie solely with Environmental Safeguard Contractor. The Environmental Safeguards Contractor will also be required to prepare a six-month progress report in each year of the monitoring. TOTAL ESTIMATED COST, FIRST AND SECOND 17,515 - Please see Table 26, Page 64 for detailed description of costs and implementation schedule. INVESTMENT PHASES (USS) ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MONITORING OF WATER QUALITY FOR EFFECTS OF SEDIMENTATION, EROSION DUE TO SUB-PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND APPLICATION OF PESTICIDES AND FERTILIZERS DUE TO AGRICULTURAL EXTENSIFICATION AND INTENSIFICATION . Determine what are the effects of extensification and intensification of agrcultural land use and commodity producton on MONITORING the ability of surface and groundwater resources in the Sub-Project to: MONITO RING - meet ambient surface and groundwater quality standards OBJECTIVE - meet irrigation water standards - meet domestic and dnnking water stands 74 Table 30: Sub-Project Environmental Effects Monitoring Sub-Program. continued ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MONITORING OF WATER QUALITY FOR EFFECTS OF SEDIMENTATION, EROSION DUE TO SUB-PROJECT ACTIVmES AND APPLICATION OF PESTICIDES AND FERTILIZERS DUE TO AGRICULTURAL EXTENSIFICATION AND INTENSIFICATION, CONTINUED _ Determine what are the effects of extensification and intensification of agricultural land use and commodity production on the ability of surface and groundwater resources in the Sub-Project to: MONITORING - meet ambient surface and groundwater quality standards - meet irrigation water standards - meet domestic and drinking water stands . With respect to ambient surface and groundwater quality; the following environmental indicators will be measured: - pH, conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), BOD5, COD, Fe, Al, nitrate-nitite (NO2-3), phosphate (PO4-P), dissolved oxygen, total pesticide and herbicide ENVIRONMENTAL . With respect to inrigaton water standards, the following environmental indicators will be measured in surface waters: INDICATORS TO BE - Na, Mg, Ca (enabling calculation of sodium absorption ratio [SARI), fecal coliform (pH, TSS, Al, and dissolved oxygen will also be used to assess Sub-Project effects on ability of surface waters to meet irration water standards) MEASURED . The following environmental indicators, collected above, will be used to assess Sub-Project impacts on domestic and drinking water quality: - pH, conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), BOD5, COD, Fe, Al, nitrate-nitrite (NO2-3), phosphate (PO4-P), dissolved oxygen, fecal coliform . surface water quality sampling will be conducted in the following 16 locations (all stations should be spatially referenced at establishment to enable mapping and spatial analysis of water quality results):: - Ke Go Reservoir as an upstream spatial control; - Two in main canals; SAMPLING - Pilot areas: a total of 10 locations in the pilot areas (one at top and one at bottom of each pilot area); LOCATIONS, FIRST - Downstream (drainage area): two locations just outside of the command area and one locabon in coastal wetlands as INVESTMENT PHASE downstream spatial controls - Groundwater quality sampling will be conducted in ;h following 14 locations: - Pilot areas: 10 oafocations distributed throughout pilot areas m - SpaLial Controls: 4 locations outside theions i reainn 80% of the coandrols (two upsream and two downstream of iremated areast N Surface water quality sampling will be conducted in the following 36 locations (all stations should be spatia:ly referenced at establishment to enable mapping and spatial analysis of water quality results): - Ke Go Reservoir as an upstream control; - Two in main canals; Command area: a total of 30 locabions in the command area - maintain pilot area sampling locations established in first SAMPLING investment phase; add 20 sampling locations in the remaining 80% of the command area, i.e., half the sampling density LOCATIONS, of the pilot areas in four times the total area to be sampled; SECOND - Downstream (drainage area): two locations just outside of the command area and one locauton in coastal wenandste INVESTMENT PHASE f Groundwater quality sampling will be conducted in the following 24 locations: - Command Area: a total of 20 locations in the command area - maintain pilot area sampling locations established in first invesonent phasea add 10 sampling locations in the remaining 80dof the command area. i.e., /. the sampling density of the pilot areas in four times the total area to be sampled;| - Spabal Controls: 4 locations outside the command area to seve as spatial conorols (two upstream and two downstream i ofE Figated areas) p A for surface water quality: - pre-construction (for each investment phase, to establish pre-Sub-Project baseline): 3 bimes per year in each survey locabon (rainy season and two in dry season) SAMPLING - construction: 3 times per year in each survey location (rainy season and two in dry season) SCHEDULE, FIRST - operation: 3 times per year in each survey location (rainy season and two in d) season) AND.SECOD - w for groundwater qualiity: AND SECOND ~- pre-construction (for each investment phase, to establish pre-Sub-Project baseline): 1 time per year in each survey l INVESTMENT locabon (dry season)l PHASES - construcfion: 1 time per year in each survey locabion (dry season)l - operation: 1 time per year in each survey lDcation (dry season)l - with respect to total pesticides and herbicides, for both surface and groundwater quality, monitoring to be done once perl year, in peak of dry season (April) in each of three phases for each investment phase . Up to date, timely, and accurate information on: ADDITIONAL DATA - construction and operation of the Sub-Project, ANDINFORMATION L- annual or seasonal land use and commodity production within the command area; AND INFORMATION - weather data from Hydrometeorological Stations: TO BE COLLECTED - IPM activities from Ha Tinh DARD - groundwater information from Hydrogeological Service 75 Table 30: Sub-Project Environmental Effects Monitoring Sub-Program. continued. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MONITORING OF WATER QUALITY FOR EFFECTS OF SEDIMENTATION, EROSION DUE TO SUB-PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND APPLICATION OF PESTICIDES AND FERTILIZERS DUE TO AGRICULTURAL EXTENSIFICATION AND INTENSIFICATION CONTINUED . an Environmental Safeguard Contractor will be engaged (CO selection recommended) to implement this component of the RESPONSIBILmES Environmental Effects Monitoring Program. Detailed Terms of Reference for the Contractor will be prepared by the FOR Consultant Environmental Specialist dunng Detailed Design Phase for the Ke Go Sub-Project. The Consultant Environmental Specialist will oversee and guide Environmental Safeguard Contractor during first two years of Sub-Project IMPLEMENTATION implementation or until completion of Detailed Design Document for Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan: Second Investment Phase (whichever comes first). * for first three years of Sub-Project implementation, Consultant Environmental Specialists, with the assistance of the REPORTING Environmental Safeguard Contractor, will include resufts in annual Ke Go Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan REQUIREMENTS Report. After this, reporting responsibility will lie solely with Environmental Safeguard Contractor. The Environmental Safeguards Contractor will also be required to prepare a six-month progress report in each year of the monitonng. * it will be necessary to ensure that the pesticides and herbicides that are monitored are representative of the entire suite of pesticides and herbicides that are used in the Sub-Project COMMENTS . the sampling regime for second investment phase will need to be reviewed during the detailed design (pre-construction) phase of the second investment phase. * 15% of budget should be spent of QA/QC; MoNRE Circular on QA/OC for environmental monitorng should be followed. TOTAL ESTIMATED COST, TOTAL OF FIRST AND SECOND 143,018 - Please see Table 26, Page 64 for detailed descripton of costs and implementation schedule. INVESTMENT PHASES 76 ANNEX 1: TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONSULTING SERVICES FOR VWRAP EIA CONSULTANT BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1. The Government of Vietnam (GoVN) has requested a Credit from the International Development Association (IDA) to help finance the proposed Vietnam Water Resources Assistance Project (VWRAP). In order to carry out VWRAP preparation, the GoVN through the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) has obtained a PHRD grant from the Japanese Govemment to procure the consultancy services. VWRAP is scheduled for IDA appraisal in mid-2003. The Central Project Office (CPO) under MARD will lead the overall coordination for VWRAP preparation and manage the grant. It will enter a contract with the Consultant to undertake the services specified herein. 2. VWRAP has three components: (1) Integrated Development of the Thu Bon Basin; (2) Irrigation Modemization; and (3) Dam Safety Management. VWRAP is classified as a 'Category A" environmental project, requirng an independent EIA report per IDA requirements. Preparation of the overall project is being done under another contract. The consultants responsible for overall VWRAP preparation are referred to as the 'Consultant. The consultant responsible for executing this TOR is referred to as the 'EIA Consultant", which includes an EIA intemational expert and a local EIA team, to complete the scope of work mentioned hereafter at the section of scope of work for the EIA consultant. 3. Some attached reference documents provide a comprehensive description of the VWRAP physical investments (i.e. subprojects) and should be considered an integral part of this TOR. The EIA Consultant and the Consultant are required to work together to integrate the EIA into the project's technical, economic, financial, social, and institutional analyses. The Consultant will carry the primary burden for collecting and analyzing environmental information, holding consultations, and producing an environmentally sound project. The Consultant will provide the EIA Consultant with technical analyses, reports, and engage in technical discussions with the EIA team on engineering analysis, etc. The role of the EIA Consultant is to work with the Consultant to help manage the EIA process, provide specialized environmental analysis where required, and independently produce an EIA report. The specific scope of work is presented below. 4. Component 1 of VWRAP is less well-defined at this time and subprojects in the Thu Bon Basin will be identified/confirmed during the formulation of the Thu Bon Integrated Basin Plan (TIBP). Possible subprojects in the Thu Bon Basin include: flood protection works, modernization of water delivery and drainage systems, small storage facilities for local irrigation, mini-hydropower generation, rural water supply, upper watershed management, improvement of flood preparedness and warning, etc. Total estimated investment cost of these sub-projects is around US$20 million. 5. Under Components 2 and 3 of VWRAP, the subprojects are relatively well defined: i) Dau Tieng- mainly in Tay Ninh province), ii) Ke Go-Ha Tinh province, iii) Cam Son-Cau Son-Bac Giang province, iv) Da Ban in Khanh Hoa province; and v) Yen Lap in Quang Ninh province. The schemes range in size from 10,000-50,000 ha with investment needs estimated to be on the order of $5-20 million for each scheme. Infrastructure investments include: remedial dam safety works and possible installation of micro- hydropower plants; canal lining and, improved water distribution systems; rehabilitation of pumping stations; etc. II. OVERALL SCOPE OF WORK FOR THE EIA CONSULTANT 6. The types of environmental issues that could occur are listed below. The EIA Consultant is expected to screen and rank the most pressing environmental impacts. . Water availability, basin water balances, and water use rights, water quality due to sedimentation, runoff and the use of agricultural chemicals * Dam safety * Downstream impacts from reservoirs and irrigation schemes, * Effects of water abstraction, flood control and salinity control structures on: aquatic ecology, particularly fish resources, hydrology including groundwater recharge and water quality, plant and animal ecology. * Involuntary resettlement and project affected people, including impacts on indigenous people. * Impacts of resettlement on the environment eg. forest cutting or wetland encroachment, new agricultural practice and livelihood pattems, land tenure * Impacts on cultural property * Impacts on natural habitats and nature reserves 77 * Construction impacts, including: construction camps, disposal of dredged material, road safety, etc. 7. The EIA Consultant will help manage the EIA process and prepare an Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for VWRAP. The EIA will meet IDA requirements for Environmental 'Category A' projects (OP 4.01 'Environmental Assessment" and associated annexes) and be in compliance with all Vietnamese laws and regulations. 8. The scope of work for the EIA Consultant is limited to ElAs for the investment subprojects only, meaning 5 subprojects in the component 2 and priority investment subprojects in Thu Bon river basin, and not the TIBP. (The TIBP can be considered a regional environmental study by itself.) The EIA Consultant will prepare.a separate EIA/EMP for each subproject, which will then be merged into one final EIA report. The Consultant shall be the main source of information. The EIA Consultant may also request the Consultant (or request MARD to direct the Consultant if necessary) to collect additional information or, if more expedient and within the budget of the EIA Consultant, collect the information itself. The EIA shall cover the issues below, and other relevant matters. 9. Policy, legal and administrative framework. Review policy, legal, and administrative framework within which the EIA is carried out at the national and provincial levels. This includes, among other topics: environmental quality, water resources, dam safety, health and safety, protection of sensitive areas, protection of endangered species, siting, land use control, resettlement, protection of cultural property etc. 10. Deflne the Project and its Area of Influence: Define the proposed subproject and its geographic, ecological, social, and temporal context, including any off-site investments that may be required (i.e., access roads, construction camps, product storage facilities, sediment disposal areas, etc.). Ascertain the need for plans for resettlement, project affected people, or indigenous peoples. Develop maps showing the project site and the project's area of influence. 11. Collect Baseline Data: Assess the dimensions of the study area and describe relevant physical, biological, and socio-economic conditions, including any changes expected before the project commences. Also take into account current and proposed development activities within the project area, but not directly connected to the project. Data should be relevant to decisions about project location, design, operation, or mitigatory measures. The accuracy, reliability, and sources of data should also be assessed. 12. Assess Environmental Impacts: Predict and assess the project's likely positive and negative impacts, including possible cumulative impacts, in quantitative terms to the extent possible. Identify mitigation measures and residual impacts that can not be mitigated. Explore opportunities for environmental enhancements. Identify and estimate the extent and quality of available data, key data gaps, and uncertainties associated with predictions, and specific topics which require further attention. 13. Analyze Project Altematives: Systematically compare feasible alternatives to the proposed project site, technology, design, and operation including the "without project" situation-in terms of their potential environmental and social impacts; the feasibility of mitigating these impacts, their capital and recurrent costs, suitability under local conditions, and their institutional, training, and monitoring requirements. For each of the alternatives, quantify the environmental impacts to the extent possible, and attach economic values where feasible. State the basis for selecting the particular project design proposed. 14. Environmental Management Capabilities. This would include issues relating to assessment of the existence, role and capability of environmental units on-site, or at the agency and ministry level, potential participation of project affected people in project implementation, local mass organisations, NGOs and/or academic institutions, and the role of the local population in maintaining the existing ecosystems. Based on these findings, recommendations should be made concerning the establishment and/or expansion of such units, and the training of staff, to the point that EIA recommendations can be implemented. 15. Public Consultation and Disclosure: The EIA Consultant is expected, in conjunction with the Consultant, to plan, manage, and document the consultation and disclosure process. The Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan will be approved by MARD and should contain information on how stakeholders will be identified, key consultation points, objectives of the consultation, level of consultation, consultation techniques and methodology, and timetable. The Consultant will be requested to prepare necessary material to facilitate the consultations. The World Bank Environmental Assessment Sourcebook (Update 26, May 1999 'Public Consultation in the EIA Process") provides guidelines and techniques for effective consultation. The EIA Consultant, in conjunction with the Consultant, will also consult with affected groups throughout project implementation as necessary to address EIA-related issues. The disclosure of the EIA reports as required by the OP 4.01 and BP 17.50, should be approved by MARD in agreement with MoNRE, which is in charge of EIA appraisal. 16. The Consultant will organize, in conjunction with the EIA Consultant and with the assistance of the IMC and Provincial authorities, at least two stakeholder consultation meetings for each subproject. The Consultant will cover the costs of the consultations. The first consultation should take place to discuss the conceptual approach to scheme improvements and the scope of work for the EIA, and the second 78 consultation should review the Draft Final Feasibility Study/EIA. The Consultant shall cover the costs of these consultations. The Consultant shall cover the costs of these workshops. Relevant stakeholders should be invited to both workshops including: MARD officials, provincial authorities, IMC officers, local mass organizations, NGOs and/or academic institutions, farmer representatives, etc. per the Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan. 17. Environmental Management Plan: An EMP shall be prepared which consists of the set of mitigation, monitoring, and institutional measures to be taken during construction and operation to eliminate environmental and social impacts, off-set them, or reduce them to acceptable levels. The plan also includes the actions necessary to implement these measures. Specifically: 18. Mitigation: Identify feasible and cost-effective measures that may reduce potentially significant adverse environmental impacts to acceptable levels. The plan should include compensatory measures if mitigation measures are not feasible, cost-effective, or sufficient. The proposed mitigation measures should include technical details and an implementation plan for each mitigation measure and describe linkages with other mitigation plans (e.g., involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples, cultural property, etc.) required for the project. 19. Monitoring: The monitoring program should provide information about key environmental issues and the effectiveness of mitigation measures during project construction and operation. The objectives and types of monitoring should be identified with clear linkages to the impacts assessed in the EIA and the mitigation measures described in the EMP. The monitoring program should provide a set of monitoring indicators, specify descriptions, technical details, and reporting procedures. Monitoring reports should also be submitted to the local environmental authorities (DoSTEs). Independent environmental monitoring is not necessary in general, but environmental monitoring should be a part of the project monitoring to be carried out by a sub-contractor to the Consultant. Independent environmental monitoring could be undertaken if required by the local authorities under certain circumstances. 20. Capacity Development and Training: The EMP draws upon the ElA's assessment of the existence, role, and capability of environmental unites on site or at the agency and ministry level. If necessary, recommend the establishment or expansion of such units, and the training of staff, to allow implementation of EIA recommendations. The EMP shall provide a description of the institutional arrangements-who is responsible for carrying out the mitigatory and monitoring measures (e.g., operation, supervision, enforcement, monitoring of implementation, financing, reporting and staff training). 21. Implementation Schedule and Cost Estimates: For all three aspects (mitigation, monitoring, and capacity development) the EMP shall provide (a) an implementation schedule for measures that must be carried out as part of the project, showing phasing and coordination with overall project implementation plans; and (c) capital and recurrent cost estimate and sources of fund for implementing the EMP. These figures should be integrated into the total subproject cost tables. Ill. SCOPE OF WORK FOR THE INTERNATIONAL EIA EXPERT 22. The international expert is responsible to coordinate with the local EIA consultant team (composing expert/specialist in the Table 1) to complete the General Scope of Work for the EIA Consultant. More particularly, the international expert will have following responsibilities: * To take the position of the EIA consultant team leader and will coordinate all activities of the EIA consultant team; * To review all data and information that were collected and processed by the local EIA consultant team and reasonably propose to the local team further needed data and information collections; * To guide the local EIA consultant team to co-prepare draft EIA reports; and * With the close assistance by the local EIA consultant team, the international expert will complete and submit final EIA reports, which have to be acceptable by both MARD and IDA, for all investment subprojects. IV. SCOPE OF WORK FOR THE LOCAL EIA TEAM 23. The local team is responsible to assist and coordinate with the international EIA expert to complete the General Scope of Work for the EIA Consultant. More particularly, the local team will have following responsibilities: * Based on data and information provided by the VWRAP Consultant and requirements for preparation of the EIA reports for investment subprojects, the local EIA consultant team will carry out further data and information collections, surveys, and investigations, if required. To be responsible for data inputs, data analyses and processes. Both primary and processed data will be conveyed to the international expert; * With the guidance by the international expert, co-prepare and submit draft EIA reports for investment subprojects. Assist the International EIA consultant to complete final EIA reports, which have to be acceptable by both MARD and IDA, for all investment subprojects; and * To be liaison between the international EIA expert and local related agencies. V. EIA CONSULTANT STAFFING AND SUBMISSION OF REPORTS 79 24. EIA Consultant Team Profile. It is expected that the EIA Consultant team will compose an intemational expert with experience preparing intemational-level EIA reports as the team leader and a local team. Table 1 contains suggested areas of expertise for national/experts, and qualifications of key staff. The EIA Consultant may propose altemative staffing to match the proposed lines of action. Under no circumstance does acceptance of the staffing list in Table 1 release the EIA Consultant from any responsibility under these TOR. 25. Reports. Final EIA reports for all investment subprojects are to be submitted to MARD and IDA by February, 2003. The number of EIA reports to be submitted and schedule for report submission are in Table 2. The international EIA expert will bear all the cost for the reproduction of the English version of EIA report, whereas the local EIA team will be responsible for the reproduction of the Vietnamese version of the EIA reports. The local EIA consultant team will have to make sure that the meanings of the Vietnamese version of EIA reports are matched with their English version. Electronic copies of all reports should be provided to both MARD and IDA, to the extent possible. Note: The EIA Consultant shall reach agreement with the Consultant and MARD during project implementation on how best to package the feasibility studies (FS), resettlement action plans (RAPs), management plans (MPs), and EMAs for each investment subproject. MARD will make extra copies of reports as required for consultation/workshop purposes. VI. INPUTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT 26. GoVN Input, Data and Coordination Arrangement. MARD, through CPO, will be the project coordinating unit. The CPO will coordinate with participating Ministries, agencies, and provincial authorities to provide counterpart inputs, and arrange review and participate in discussions with the EIA Consultant on issues related to the assignment. It will facilitate and assign counterpart staff to assist the EIA Consultant in obtaining necessary visas, authorizations and access to facilities for carrying out the services. It will make available to the EIA Consultant all existing aerial photographs, maps, studies, plans, reports, drawings and information relevant to the execution of this assignment within the MARD. IDA will assist the GoVN in (i) supervision of PHRD grant implementation; (ii) VWRAP preparation; and (iii) liaison with other donors. 27. The international EIA expert will receive and inherit the EIA inception/ scoping report which was prepared by the previous intemational EIA expert in association with the local EIA consultant team. VII. GUIDANCE TO EIA CONSULTANTS 28. The EIA Consultant will be based in Hanoi (unless otherwise agreed-upon with MARD), and will be provided by the Government with an office, preferably shared with the Consultant. The EIA Consultant will pay its costs for local transport, operational costs, office equipment (tel./fax/copying), secretarial support, required office equipment and supplies, translation and printing/copying. The EIA Consultant will submit the following items to the Government: (i) licensed copies of all proprietary computer software used together with manuals; (ii) copies of all software developed under the consultancy assignment in magnetic form, together with source listing and full documentation; (iii) satellite imagery and maps procured and used; (iv) copies of all data used in magnetic form and hard copy; and (v) complete description of all methodologies used and the assunnptions made. Table 1: Suggested Staffing Profile for the EIA Consultant Expertise International (mm) Local (mm) Environmental Expert 3.5 6 Environmental Specialist 8 Social-Resettlement Expert 3 Total 3.5 17 Environmental Expert: The international environmental expert should have at least 10 years experience preparing ElAs for water resources projects in Asia which meet the requirements of international development agencies, such as the World Bank or the Asian Development Bank. Experience in Vietnam would be a plus. The local expert should have at least 10 years experience preparing ElAs in Vietnam, with significant experience in the preparation of water resources projects for international agencies. Environmental Specialist: Should have experience in the environmental assessment of water resources projects, including dams, flood control structures, and irrigation works in Vietnam. Social-Resettlement Expert: Should have practical experience in social assessment techniques and the preparation of resettlement plans. Table 2: Reporting Obligations Of the Local EIA Team: 80 Outputs Number of copies Draft EIA Reports for Dau Tieng and Cau Son- 10 Vietnamese, 10 English Cam Son subprojects Draft EIA Reports for Ke Go, Da Ban and Yen 10 yietnamese, 10 English Lap subprojects and priority investment subprojects in Thu Bon river basin Of the International EIA ExDert: Outputs Number of copies Final EIA Reports for Dau Tieng and Cau Son- 10 Vietnamese, 10 English Cam Son subprojects Final EIA Reports for Ke Go, Da Ban and Yen 10 Vietnamese, 10 English Lap subprojects and priority investment subprojects in Thu Bon river basin Final EIA Report (integrating EIA Reports for all 10 Vietnamese, 10 English subprojects) 81 ANNEX 2: POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR EIA THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN VIET NAM Environmental Impact Assessment Legislation The key environmental legislation in Vietnam consists of: . Law on Protection of the Environment (LEP) - enacted in December 1993. The LEP: - Identifies the responsibilities of the state centre, provinces, organizations and individuals to prevent and remedy environmental deterioration and pollution and carry out specified environmental protection functions; - Provides for the development of environmental standards and submission of environmental impact assessment reports on new and existing facilities; - Provides for responsible parties to pay compensation for environmental damage; - Establishes the right of individuals and organizations to petition for enforcement of environmental regulations; - Calls for civil and criminal penalties for violations; and - Encourages intemational environmental co-operation. Decree 175/CP - promulgated in October 1994 to guide implementation of the LEP and provides broad guidelines for: - Division of responsibility among Ministries; - Environmental Impact Assessments; - Pollution prevention and disaster control; - Sources of finance; and - Environmental inspections and standards. Circular No. 490 - promulgated in April 1998 to provide 'Guidance on setting up and appraising environmental impact assessment reports for investment projects'. The Circular: - Identifies the legal requirements according to the stages of implementation of a project and its category. Projects are effectively divided into two categories; No. 1 type projects - all of which require EIA and include projects that have potential to pollute the environment, cause environmental degradation or may have difficulty complying with controls and standards; and No. 2 type projects - including projects which do not require EIA but require registration with the environmental standards registration board'. - Defines the content of project subject to the EIA procedures; and - Specifies management of the EIA report appraisal All projects must follow the process established in the circular: - Application for investment license - for No. 1 type projects this includes the submission of document that sets out the potential impacts of the project (to be appraised by relevant state agencies), and for No. 2 type projects requires the submission of the registration form and technical and economic feasibility report. On approval an investment license is issued; - Design stage - No. 1 type projects prepare and submit the EIA report and technical and economic feasibility report; and - Completion stage - prior to operation relevant agencies coordinated regarding the issuance of construction licenses, inspections and stipulation of environmental standards, and approvals and certifications by the environmental standards registration board. Once all of these processes have been completed the relevant environmental license is issued. The Circular establishes the timeframes for review and appraisal; examination of the environmental standard registration and issuance of a certificate shall be completed within 20 days of submission, and an EIA report must be reviewed within 30-60 days of submission (or three months for complex or controversial proposals), and the recommendations and decisions of the review must be ratified within 10 days. Vietnamese EIA Requirements for Ke Go Sub-Project 82 According to Vietnamese legislation (Decree 175/CP, Circular 490/1998fTT-BKHCNMT), the Ke Go Sub-Project requires an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) as it consists of the upgrading of an existing irrigation scheme. The project owner must set up and submit an environmental impact assessment report to the Govemment Management Agencies of Environmental Protection for appraisal. Other Relevant Legislation ORDINANCE ON CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF LIVING AQUATIc RESOURCES Decree 18/1986, the Ordinance on Conservation and Management of Living Aquatic Resources prohibits all activities that are "detrimental to aquatic resources and cause pollution to the living environment of all aquatic species," including the use of destructive fishing methods (toxic and harmful substances, explosives, electric currents), the introduction of toxic substances into the marine environment, habitat destruction (mangroves, coral reefs, marine flora, etc.), and emplacement of installations or devices that are harmful to aquatic resources.37 For these purposes, the Minister of Fisheries is empowered to regulate habitat protection, total allowable catch, fishing areas, permissible fishing gear, endangered species, introduction of alien species, and so on38. LEGAL INSTRUMENTS FOR PROTECTED AREAS The legal framework for terrestrial protected areas in Viet Nam dates to the 1980s, but the system of protected areas in Viet Nam is currently guided by the 1991 Forestry Resource Protection and Development Act39. This legal instrument authorizes the existence of three categories of forestland: protection forest (critical watersheds and wetlands); special use forests (protected areas); and production forests. The framework for the designation and management of special use forests is set out in Chapter 4, Part 2 of this Law. Implementation of the Act is done through a set of supplementary ordinances and decrees, such as Decision 1171, 1986, on Special Forest Management for Protected Areas, which defines permissible and prohibited activities in protected areas. A number of decrees to strengthen forest protection (national and provincial) have also been issued. They broadly specify the management principles of each forest category identified in the 1991 Forestry Resource Protection and Development Act; the separation of forest protection from production; and the nature of contractual arrangements with farmers and punishment of illegal use of protected forests. Vietnamese Environmental Mana2ement Administration The keys agencies and entities with environmental responsibilities in Viet Nam include: . Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (MoNRE) - MoNRE is the lead agency for environmental review purposes. . National Environmental Agency (NEA) - Within MoNRE, the NEA has the responsibility to apply the LEP. . Provincial Department of Science, Technology and Environment (DoSTE) - Each province has a DoSTE which is in charge of Environmental Management. They also have formal authority to review and comment on environmental aspects of investment applications and to resolve polJution-related disputes. Requirements for Consultation and Disclosure Save for certain provisions, there are no specific requirements for consultation in the national legal, policy, and regulatory framework for environmental impact assessment in Viet Nam (i.e., National Law on Environmental Protection [NLEP, 1993]; Decree 175/CP/1994 on Implementation of the NLEP; Circular 490/1998/TT-BKHCNMT on Setting Up and Appraising Environmental Impact Assessment Reports). Most of the provisions requiring consultation are related to the appraisal of environmental impact assessments: . The Ministry of Science, Technology, and Environment (MoNRE) is responsible for appraising reports on the assessment of environmental effects of projects and economic entities for larger projects (identified in Appendix II of Decree 175/CP). The National Environmental Agency (NEA) is assigned the responsibility 37 Article 8, Ordinance on Conservation and Management, supra. 38 Articles 9-13, ibid. 39 No. 58 LCT/HDNN8 83 for assisting MoNRE in performing these environmental management responsibilities40, MoNRE/NEA is required to complete appraisals within 60 days of receiving the required EIA reports and associated documentation; . National government ministries are responsible for the implementation of state management of environmental protection. This means that they participate as required in the appraisal of environmental impact assessments for larger projects. . Provincial (and city) People's Committees are responsible for the implementation of state management of environmental protection. This includes appraising reports on assessment of environmental effects of projects and local economic entities for smaller projects. The provincial Departments of Science, Technology, and Environment (DoSTE) are responsible to the provincial (and city) People's Committees for this task and provincial government departments participate in appraisals as required. In addition, mass associations (such as Women's Union, Labour Union, etc.) are responsible for assuring the proper implementation and compliance with the legal, policy, and regulatory framework for environmental protection. Disclosure during the EIA process, as described in Circular 490/1998/TT-BKHCNMT on Setting Up and Appraising Environmental Impact Assessment Reports, consists of the EIA Appraisal Council to which the EIA documents are provided for review. This Council, acting as a Consultant to MoNRE/NEA, consists of scientists, managers who have appropriate subject-matter knowledge, as well as social organizations and representatives of local people. Key National Policies and Plans GENERAL NATIONAL POLICIES Policies on Decentralization of Planning and Management The GoV has also been promoting decentralization through a series of laws, decrees and regulations. The major guiding principle has been to give greater power, autonomy and responsibility to districts and communes. The new Budget Law also attempts to bring greater transparency and stability into financing for local development. At provincial level there is also greater awareness of the need to involve local communities in planning and implementation of development activities. The February 1998 Politburo Directive on Grassroots Democracy (30-CT/TW) proposes that people at the community level should participate more actively planning and decision making by (a) being better informed about the law, (b) participating in local decision making before final decisions are made, and, (c) supervising, controlling, and evaluating the operations and activities of their local authorities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND PLANS National Plan for Environment and Sustainable Development (NPESD) In 1991, the State Committee for Sciences, with the assistance of UNDP, Sida, UNEP and IUCN prepared a National Plan for Environment and Sustainable Development 1991-2000 - Framework for Action (NPESD), which was then adopted by the Government. The NPESD, together with complementary reports submitted by Viet Nam to the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development convened in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, provided a broad, wide ranging framework for environmental action in Viet Nam, including marine environmental protection. National Strategy for Environmental Protection for 2001 to 2010 This National Strategy replaced the NPESD which expired in 2000. Key strategic directions in the National Strategy are: . Pollution prevention . Conserve and sustainably use natural resources and biodiversity . Environmental improvement in the urban, industrial, and rural areas . Enhance environmental awareness and forest environmental morality National Biodiversity Action Plan On December 22, 1995, the National Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) was approved by the Prime-Minister. The BAP identifies the major causes for loss biodiversity as: over exploitation, leading to deforestation, extinction of species, soil erosion and flooding, overfishing; water and marine pollution; 40 There may be changes in the responsibilities for environmental management at the national and provincial levels with the recent formation of the new Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. However, the basic allocation of responsibilities between the central government and the provinces will not change. 84 degradation of coastal areas due to human activities; and transition to a market economy and the emphasis on development. The goals of the National Biodiversity Action Plan include: *a definition of and approach to biodiversity conservation and action which accommodates the multiple livelihood needs of the Vietnamese people, particularly rural populations residing in areas of high biodiversity; •reviewing and establishing priorities in provinces, special-use forests, and protected areas (terrestrial and coastal/marine), using detailed forest status maps, identifying necessary investments in infrastructure, personnel, research, and community extension and economic-programs for buffer zones; listing the necessary research, education, and extension activities in the environmental sector for central, provincial and local govemment agencies; and listing conservation activities required outside protected areas, e.g. integrated watershed management, biologically sound agricultural methods, particularly in hill and mountain areas, restoration of degraded lands, economic activities such as agricultural germplasm and marketing non-timber forest products, preservation of genetic material in zoos and botanical gardens, etc. The BAP identifies many acts required for the protection of biodiversity. Those relating to the coastal and marine environmental management are as follows: *establish news laws and regulations for biodiversity protection; *examine existing laws to identify weakness and propose amendments to promote sustainable development; *enact laws to protect sensitive terrestrial and aquatic areas; *identify and protect areas with high biodiversity and establish buffer zones around them; *identify wetlands in need of protection; *identify areas which should be designated as new reserves; *establish a national network of databases and information on biodiversity; *strengthen the role of local governments in decision-making; *strengthen the participation of local communities and non-governmental organizations. Decision No. 224/1999/QD-TTg of 8 Dec 1999 by the Prime Minister on the approval of the Aquaculture Program for 1999-2010, which includes: an overall objective of achieving an aquaculture output of 2 million Vyr by 2010 from current levels of about 350,000 tVyr plans for aquaculture in coordination with investments in water resource infrastructure to increase the efficiency of investment and use of land and water areas policies of development of aquaculture cultivation, specifically: increasing utilization of land and water areas for cultivating marine products, favorable credit for poor farmers and fisherman; and preferential conditions for remote areas. 85 ANNEX 3: SOURCES OF INFORMATION USED IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS EIA 1. Nippon Koie Co.Ltd, Royal Haskoning Co.Ltd, HEC1, Jan 2003, Feasibility Study on Dam Safety, Final report 36 pages. 2. Nippon Koie Co.Ltd, Royal Haskoning Co.Ltd, HEC1, Jan 2003, Feasibility Study on Modemization of the KEGO Irrigation System. 17 pages 3. Nippon Koie Co.Ltd, Royal Haskoning Co.Ltd, HEC1, Jan 2003, Feasibility Study on Modernization of the KEGO Irrigation System. Water Balance final Report. 25 pages 4. Nippon Koie Co.Ltd, Royal Haskoning Co.Ltd, Jan 2003, Final Pre-feasibilty report for KEGO Irrigation Scheme Sub-project modemization. 42 pages 5. Le Trong Trai, Nguyen Huy Dung, Nguyen Cu, le van Cham and Jonathang Eames, 1996, Feasibility Study Project of KEGO Natural Conservation Area. 99 Pages 6. Lam Quang Dung, 2001, Research on Crop Pattern and Suitable Water Distribution Regime for KEGO Irrigation System. 93 Pages 7. Ninh Van Son, Bach Xuan Kinh, Nguyen thij Huong, Hoang van Le, 1995, Research and Assessment of Efficiency of KEGO Irrigation System and Hot Issues In Order To Meet Social Economic Development Demands in the Effected Area. 78 Pages 8. Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ha Tinh province, 2001, Program on Aquacultural Development in the period 2001 - 2010 . 17 Pages 9. Ha Tinh Statistical Department, 2002, Statistical Yearbook in 2001 of Thach Ha, Cam Xuyen, Hatinh Town and Hatinh province. 10. HATINH AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT, 2002, Plan for Agriculture and Rural Development. 116 Pages 11. CENTER OF BIO TECHNOLOGY FOR LIFE AND PRODUCTION, 2002, Data of Works Present Condition, Social Economic Condition of Project area, collected from KEGO Irrigation Company Department of Agricultural and Rural Development, Department of Science Technology and Environment, Statistic Department, Cultural Department, Health Care Department, ThachHa, CamXuyen districts and HaTinh Town ... of HaTinh province. 12. Primary data conducted by the EIA group 13. Centre for Biotechnologyf for life and Production, 2002, Water Sample Analyzing data on project area 14. Head Department of Hydrology Meteorology, 2002, Hydrology and Meteorology data of HaTinh Station in HaTinh Province, data from 1991 to 2001. 15. UNEP, NORAD, CEETIA, 2001, State of The Environment Vietnam 2001. 103 Pages 16. Viet Nam environment Department, 2001, Vietnam Environment Pressing Issues. 40 Pages 17. CLAIR N. SAWYER, PERRY L. McCARTY, GENE F.PARKIN, 1994, Chemistry for Environmental Engineering. 658 pages 18. National Law on Environmental Protection (29UCTN, 1994) 19. Decree 175/CP/1 994 on Implementation of the NLEP and 20. Circular 490/1998/TT-BKHCNMT on Setting Up and Appraising Environmental Impact Assessment Reports 21. Operational Policy 4.01 (and accompanying annexes) - Environmental Assessment 22. Operational Policy 4.04 - Natural Habitats 23. Operational Policy 4.36 - Forestry 24. Operational Policy 11.03 - Cultural Property 25. Operational Policy 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement 86 26. Operational Policy 4.20 - Indigenous Peoples 27. Operational Policy 4.37 - Safety of Dams 28. Operational Policy 4.03 - Pesticide Management 29. Operational Policy 7.60 - Projects in Disputed Areas 30. Operational Policy 7.50 - Intemational Waterways 31. Bank Policy 17.50 - Public Disclosure 32. General Policy 14.70: Involving Nongovemmental Organizations in Bank-Supported Activities 33. The Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook 34. The Environmental Assessment Sourcebook. 35. TCVN 5592 National Surface Water Quality Standards 36. TCVN 5944 National Groundwater Quality Standards 37. TCVN 6980 (2001) Standards for Industrial Effluents Discharged Into Rivers Used for Domestic Water Supply 38. Decree 18/1986, the Ordinance on Conservation and Management of Living Aquatic Resources 39. 1991 Forestry Resource Protection and Development Act 40. Decision 1171,1986, on Special Forest Management for Protected Areas 41. 1972 Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage (the World Heritage Convention). 42. 1973 Convention on Intemational Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES Convention) 43. 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 44. 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity 45. 2002 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 46. National Strategy for Environmental Protection for 2001 to 2010 47. National Biodiversity Action Plan (1995) 48. Forest Protection Department 1998 Protected Areas Plan of Vietnam to 2010 49. National Aquaculture Development Program (1999-2010). 87 ANNEX 4: SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY INFORMATION FOR KE Go SUB-PROJECT 88 Table 31: Water quality in Ke Go Sub-Project Area, Ha Tinh Province, 20 December, 2002 No Parameter Unit 3A 3B 3C 3D 1 Temperature oC 19 19.1 19.3 18.9 2 pH 7.00 7.05 7.21 7.1 3 Conductivity S/cm 217 225 270 257 4 Turbidity NTU 25 29 47 22 5 Amoniac ( NH4-) mgA 0.25 0.27 0.40 0.06 6 NO2- mgA 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.01 7 NO3 mgA 3.7 3.9 3.0 4.7 8 Phosphate (PO43) mg/ 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.02 9 Alkalinity mqA 98 100 122 134 10 Sulphate ( S042-) mgA 6.7 7.0 7.2 9.0 11 Total Iron mgA 0.27 0.30 0.32 0.85 12 NaCI mgA 22.2 22.5 23.0 22.9 13 CL- mgA 12.0 12.3 12.5 12.1 14 HCO3- mgAl 96 98 115 128 15 Hardness(CaCO3-) Mcl 110 115 120 130 16 Suspended Solid mg/l 20 23 65 18 17 Disolved load mgA 200 207 243 221 18 COD mgA 22.9 23.0 29.6 4.2 19 BOD5 mgA 13.7 14.0 19.1 2.5 20 DO M 7.50 7.30 . 6.20 4.30 21 Coliform Col/l OOmi 230 280 630 70 22 Fecal- Coliform F.c/lOOml 110 150 240 32 23 Cl.ferfrigens no/1Oml 3 4 9 1 Waler sample siftes 3A- Ke Go Reservoir 3B- Surface water in the Main canal 3C- Surface water in the inigabion canal N3 3D- Well water next to the irrigation canal N3 Table 32: Water quality in Ke Go Sub-Project Area, Ha Tinh Province, 20 December, 2002, additional sampling stations. No Parameter Unit 3E 3F 3G 1 Temperature oC 19.0 19.0 19.2 2 pH 7.20 7.25 7.08 3 Conductivity PS/Cm 270 2.62 279 4 Turbidity NTU 60 20 49 5 Amoniac ( NH4) mg/l 0.02 0.03 0.32 6 NO2 mgA 0.05 0.02 0.10 7 NO3 mg/ 4.0 5.4 3.2 8 Phosphate (PO43) mg/l 0.08 0.04 0.16 9 Alkalinity mg/l 130 128 152 10 Sulphate ( SO42-) mg/l 8.0 7.9 8.2 11 Total Iron mgA 0.32 0.28 0.31 12 NaCI mgA 24.0 22.1 37.5 13 CL mgA 12.7 11.9 21.1 14 HCO3- mgA 128 124 134 15 Hardness(CaCO3 ) mgA 150 160 155 16 Suspended Solid mgA 58 17 57 17 Disolved load mgA 225 230 240 18 COD ma 27.6 3.7 25.3 19 BODs 16.3 2.4 16.0 20 DO mgA 6.5 4.5 5.10 21 Coliform Col/lOOml 710 20 830 22 Fecal- Coliform F.c/l100ml 300 5 34. L23 Cl.ferfngens no/10mi 13 1 16 Waler sample sites 3E- Surface water in the irrigation canal N4 3F- Well water next to the irrigation canal N4 3G- Surface water in the irrigation canal N6 89 Table 33: Surface water quality in Ke Go Sub-Project Area, Ha Tinh Province, 2001 No Parameter Unit Ml M2 M3 1 pH 7.6 5.9 6.3 2 COD maA 115 227 37 3 BODs mgA 58 155 20 4 NO2 mgA 0.23 5 NO3- mgA 4.25 6 Coliform Col/lOOml 60,000 80,000 58,000 7 Cd mc Und 8 Pb mgA Und 9 As mg/ 0.018 10 Cu mgA 0.037 11 Zn mO Trace 12 Suspended Solid mgA 108 57 67 13 DO mgA 1.2 1.4 7.6 14 Conductivity mgA 0.05 0.02 15 Total solid mgA 352 16 NH4A moA 3.6 17 Total P ma 2.8 0.35 0.78 18 Total Iron 1.2 19 Detergent 0.01 20 Cr mg/l 0.03 21 Turbidity mg 57 78 Water sample sdes Ml- Surface water in Cay River, under the influence of Do Diem Frozen Food Factory Thach Ha District, dated 28 May, 2001 M2 - wastwater from Beer Factory, dated 29 May, 2001 M3 - wastwater from Ha Tinh Hospital, dated 27 May, 2001 Table 34: Surface water quality in Ke Go Sub-Project Area, December, 1998 Middle Ke Go Middle Ke Go No Parameter Unit reservoir reservoir Rao Cai River Rao Mon River No Parameter Unit (surface) (bottom) 23/10/1998 23/10/1998 22/10/1998 22/10/1998 1 pH 7.0 6.9 6.94 7.21 2 Salinity 0/00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 Turbidity NTU 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 4 Suspended solids mgAI 16.50 19.0 23.0 29.0 5 DO mgA 4.25 4.1 4.93 4.9 6 BOD5 mg/l 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.07 7 COD mgA 0.87 0.82 3.2 3.2 8 Ca mgA 12.75 13.5 14.7 14.7 9 Mg mg/l 9.1 9.2 10.5 10.5 10 Fe ma/l 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 11 Ni mgA 0.0 0.0 0.0 12 Cu mgA 0.0 0.0 0.0. 0.0 13 Zn mgA 0.0 0.14 0.16 0.16 14 Mn mgA 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 15 K mgA 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 16 Na mg/l 0.85 0.97 0.95 0.95 17 HCO3 mgA 11.35 11.25 9.78 8.97 18 Cl- mg/I 1.05 1.05 1.5 1.5 19 SO42- mg/A 0.09 0.08 0.01 0.01 20 PO43- mg/l 15.0 12.0 15.0 14.0 21 NH4- mg/A 0.083 0.082 0.078 0.068 22 NO2- mg/I 0.009 0.009 0.009 23 N03 mgA 0.004 0.003 0.003 24 Coliform vk/100ml __| 25 Hc mgA 26 As mgA Source: Ke Go Reservoir basic survey 1998, Hanoi Water Resources University 90 Table 35: Additional surface water quality data in Ke Go Sub-Project Area, December, 1998 _~ ~ ~~~ ~a Ph. rive Cau Cua Hoi (Cam No Parameter Unit Rao Pheo river Cau Phu 2511011998 xuy C ta1Hoi ~~~~~~~~~~~125(10/1998 pH 7.0 6.26 6.48 2 Salinity o/oo 0.0 0.2 0.1 3 Turbidit NTU 30.0 0.4 0.4 4 Suspended solids mgA 0.4 185.0 126.0 5 DO mgA 4.5 4.0 4.15 6 805D mgA 1.0 0.1 0.28 7 COD mgA 3.0 2.4 3.2 8 Ca mg/l 15.2 50.0 46.8 9 Mg mgA 11.0 27.5 23.2 10 Fe maA 0.01 0.01 0.01 l1 Ni mgA 0.0 0.0 0.0 12 Cu mgA 0.0 0.0 0.0 13 Zn mgA 0.14 0.15 0.15 14 Mn mgA 0.002 0.002 0.002 1_5 K mg/l 0.01 4.24 3.42 16 Na mgA 0.83 13.42 8.24 17 HCO3- mgA 8.2 18.24 16.0 18 CP mq/l 1.4 24.7 16.2 19 S42mA 0.01 9.2 7.0 20 P03 mgA 14.0 14.0 14.0 21 NH4- mgA 0.06 0.088 0.065 22 NO2- mgA 0.008 0.003 0.004 23 NO3- mgA 0.002 0.004 0.003 24 Coliform vk/1OOml 200 150 25 Hg mgA 0.0 26 As mgA . 0.0 Source: Ke Go Reservoir basic survey 1998, Hanoi Water Resources University Table 36: Surface water quality in Ke Go Sub-Project Area, August, 1997 Middle Ke Go Middle Ke Go Middle Ke Go Middle Ke Go No Parameter Unit reservoir reservoir reservoir reservoir (surface) (boKtom) (surface) (botom) 27/8/1997 27/8/1997 28/8/1997 28/8/1997 1 pH 7.15 6.8 6.9 6.63 2 oSalinil o/oo 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 Turbidity NTU 0.9 0.999 1.1 1.1 4 Suspended solids mgA 18.0 20.0 18.0 19.0 5 DO mgA 4.55 4.49 4.49 4.5 6 BODs mgA 0.95 1.0 0.48 0.95 7 COD mg/A 0.8 1.4 1.0 1.1 8 Ca mgA 13.2 13.2 13.1 13.2 9 Mg mgA 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 10 Fe mgA 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 11 AJ mgA/ - - 12 Ni mgA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13 Cu mgA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14 Zn mgA 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 15 Mn mgA 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.001 16 K mgA 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 17 Na mgA 0.92 0.92 0.95 0.99 18 HCO3 mgA 9.76 9.76 9.78 9.78 19 Ct mgA 1.2 1.2 1.20 1.20 20 S042- mgA 0.1 0.2 0.15 0.18 21 P043 mgA 14.0 14.0 14.1 14.2 22 NH4 mq/ 0.078 0.078 0.075 0.08 23 NO2- mgA 0.033 0.049 0.034 0.037 24 NO3 mgA 0.052 0.039 0.05 0.053 25 Pb PPb 26 Hg PPb 27 As PPb Source: Ke Go Reservoir basic survey 1997, Hanoi Water Resources University 91 Table 37: Additional surface water quality in Ke Go Sub-Project Area, August, 1997 No Parameter ~ ~~~Rao Cai River Rao Cai River Cau Phu (tide) Cau Phu (fide) No Parameter Unit (fide) (tide) 271811997 281811997 1 ~~~~~~27/8/1997 27/8/1 997 ______ _____ 1 pH 7.0 6.97 6.19 6.1 2 Salinity o/oo 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.01 3 Turbidity NTU 1.12 0.14 8.9 9.0 4 Suspended solids mqA 41.0 42.0 37.0 37.0 5 DO mgA 4.81 4.80 4.27 4.25 6 BOD5 mgA 0.81 0.83 0.8 0.81 7 COD mq/ 3.2 3.2 4.0 4.0 8 Ca mqA 24.4 24.5 10.0 10.0 9 MmcA 9.5 9.7 9.5 9.4 10 Fe mgA 0.09 0.09 0.25 0.2 11 At mgA . 0.0 12 Ni ma 0.0 0.0 0.06 0.06 13 Cu mgA 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.1 14 Zn mgA 0.07 0.07 0.18 0.2 15 Mn mgA 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.004 16 K mgA 1.1 1.1 2.2 2.1 17 Na 1.38 1.4 4.9 5.0 18 HCO3- 15.86 19.9 9.76 9.8 19 CF mg/ 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 20 S042- mgA 0.1 0.1 8.0 8.0 21 P043 mgA 12.0 12.0 16.0 16.5 22 NH4 mg/l 0.026 0.026 0.036 0.04 23 NO2-r m 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 24 NO3- 0.316 0.3 0.484 0.48 25 Pb PPb 0.38 0.29 _ _ 26 Hg PPb 4.00 2.0 27 As PPb <2 < 2 Source: Ke Go Reservoir basic survey 1997, Hanoi Water Resources University Table 38: Additional surface water quality in Ke Go Sub-Project Area, August, 1997 Cau Cua Ho! (Cam xuyen town) Cau Cua Hoi (Cam xuyen town) No Parameter Unit -tide -tide 27/8/1997 28/8/1997 l pH 6.57 6.23 2 Salinity 0/00 0.01 0.01 3 Turbidity NTU 9.0 9.1 4 Suspended solids mgA 35.0 35.0 5 DO mgA 4.7 4.70 6 BOD5 mgA 0_85_ 0.84 7 COD mgA 0.8 0.8 8 Ca mgA 8.4 8.4 9 Mg mgA 9.5 9.5 10 Fe mgA 0.25 0.24 11 Al mgA _ 0.0 12 Ni mgA 0.06 0.06 13 Cu mgA 0.08 0.07 14 Zn mgA 0.18 0.19 15 Mn mgA 0.003 0.003 16 K mgA 2.1 2.1 17 Na mgA 4.9 5.0 18 HCO3' mgA 9.76 9.8 19 Cl- mgA 3.0 3.1 20 S042 mgA 8.0 8.0 21 PO43- mA 15.0 16.0 22 NH4' mgA 0.039 0.039 23 NO2- mqA 0.02 0.03 24 NO3- mgAL 0.484 0.484 Source: Ke Go Reservoir basic survey 1997, Hanoi Water Resources University 92 ANNEX 5: SUMMARY OF VIET NAM WATER QUALITY STANDARDS 93 Standard for quality of surface water -TCVN 5942-1995 No Parameter Unit Limited value A B I pH . 6-8.5 5.5-9 2 BOD5 MgA <4 <25 3 COD MgA <10 <35 4 DO Mg/l > 6 ? 2 5 Suspended solids Mg/l 20 80 6 Asen _ 0.05 0.1 7 Bari Mg/l 1 4 8 Cadimi MgA 0.01 0.02 9 Lead Mg/l 0.05 0.1 10 Cr (VI) MgA 0.05 0.05 1 1 Cr (111) MgA 0.1 I 12 Cu MgA 0.1 13 Zn Me/l 1 2 14 Mn Mg/i 0.1 0.8 15 Ni Mg/ 0.1 I 16 Fe Mg/l 1 2 17 Hg Mg/l 0.001 0.002 18 Tin MgA I 2 19 Amoniac (N) Mg/l 0.05 1 20 Flo Mg/1 I 1.5 21 Nitrat (N) Mg/l 10 1 5 22 Nitrit (N) MgA I 0.01 0.05 23 Xianua Mg/l 0.01 0.05 24 Phenola (total) Mg/l 0.001 0.02 25 Oil My/I Nil 0.3 26 Detcrgent MgA 0.5 0.5 27 Coliform MPN/100ml 5000 10000 28 Total pesticide (without Mg/I 0.15 0.15 DDT) 29 DDT Mgl 0.01 0.01 30 Gross beta activity a Bq/l 0.1 0.1 31 Gross beta activity I Bq/l 1.0 1.0 Note: A column can be supplied for domestic water source (have to be treated and follow the standard) B column is used in other purposes (specific standard for surface water supply for agriculture and aquatic breeding) 94 Sanitation standard for drinking water and domestic water on physical and chemical aspects (maximum limitation) Decision No 505BYT/QD, on 3/4/1992 No Parameter Unit For city For rural and small plant (2) (3) (4) (5) 1 Pure Sneller cm >30 >25 2 Colour, scale: Cobalt units <10 <10 3 Smell, taste (air-tight after boil at point 0 0 50-600C) 4 Undissotvable mg/O 5 20 5 Dry lees mo/l 500 1000 6 pH mgl 6.5-as 6.5-8.5 7 Hardness (CaCO3) mg/l 500 500 8 Salts: - coastal land mg/I 400 500 - main land mg/I 250 250 9 DO (organic) mg/l 0.5-2.0 Z0- 4.0 10 Amoniac - surface water mg/l 0 O groundwater mg/I 3.0 3.0 11 Nitrit mg// 0 0 12 Nitrat (N) mg/l 10.0 10.0 13 Alumium mgA_ 0.2 0.2 14 Copper mg_ _ 1.0 1.0 15 Iron ma/l_ 0.3 0.5 16 Mangan mgA_ 0.1 _0.1 17 Natri mg/l 200 200 18 Sunphate mg/l 400 400 19 Zinc mg/l 5.0 5.0 20 Hydrogen sulfide mg/l 0 0 21 Chlorobenzen va Cholorophenol mg/l 0 0 22 Detergents mg/l 0 0 23 A sen mg/l 0.05 0.05 24 Cadimi mgA0 0.005 25 Crom mg/l 0.05 0.05 26 Xyanua mg/l 0.1 a t 27 Florua mg/l 1.5 1.5 28 Lead mg/l 0.05 0.05 29 Mercury mg/l 0.001 0.001 30 Selen mg/l 0.01 0.01 31 Aldrin va Dieidrin ug/i 0.03 0.03 32 Benzene ug/l 10 10 33 Benzo (a) pyrene pg/I 0.01 0.01 34 Carbon tetrachloride uY/l 3.0 3.0 35 Chordane PO/I 0.3 0.3 36 Chloroform pg_ 30 30 37 2.4D PO/I 100 100 38 DDT pg/l 1.0 1.0 39 1,2 -dichlorethan pg/I 10 10 40 1,1 -dichlorethan pg/l 0.3 0.3 41 Heptachlor vd heptachlor pg/I 0.1 0.1 epoxide 42 Gamme - HCH (lindane) pg/I 3.0 3.0 43 Hexachlorobenzene g/lI 0.01 0.01 44 Methoxychlor PO/I 30 30 45 Pentachloro phenol pg/l 10 10 46 Tetrachloroethene pg/I 10 10 47 Trichloroethene pg/Il 30 30 48 2,4,6 Trichlorophenol pg/I 10 10 49 Trihalomethenes pg/I 30 30 50 Gross beta activity Q Ba/l 0.1 0.1 51 Gross beta activity _ Bg/l 1.0 1.0 95 Sanitation standard for drinking water and domestic water on bacterium and organism Decision No 505BVT/QD, on 3/4/1992 No Exponent Unit Standard Note I Bacterium standard A. Water supplied by pipeline Al. Water has been treated at the plant -Faecal coliform Number/lOOmi 0 - Turbidity 1 NTU -Coliform organisms Number/ 100 0 - Pasteurized by clor, pH 8.0. ml To touch after 30 minutes. Surplus Clor 0.2-0.5 mg/l A2. Water has not been treated at the plant -Faecal coliform Number /100 ml 0 Ensure 98% of samples in the year obtain the standard. -Coliform organisms Number/100 ml S3 - Sometime Appearance, not always. A3. Water in pipeline -Faecal coliform Number /100 ml 0 Ensure 95% of samples in the year obtain the standard -Coliform organisms Number/IO0 ml S 3 - Sometime Appearance, not always. B. Not supply water by pipeline yet -Faecal coliform Number/100 ml 0 -Coliform organisms Number/I1O ml 10 - Not always - If always appearance, need to test sanitation, repair, protection of water sources C. Botle water -Faecal coliform Number/tlO ml 0 -Coliform organisms Number/I1O ml 0 D. Emergency water supply -Faecal coliform Number /100 ml 0 - need to be boiled in emergency cases -Coliform organisms Number/IOO ml 0 11 Organism standard - Protozoa 0 - Helminths 0 - Free organisms (alga,..) 0 96 Water quality guidelines for irrigation TCVN 6773: 2000 Parameter Unit Standard 1. Total disoluted soild mg/I < 400 applied for salinity instrusion soil (water content EC s 0.75 piS/cm, 25oC) <1000 applied for area with good irrigation and drainage condition (water content EC 1.75 p.S/cm, 25oC) < 2000 and low ratio SAR (see Annex A) in water, applied for area which is grown by saline resistant plants, good irrigation and drainage condition. (water content EC 2.25 ,iLS/cm, 25oC) 2. Ratio SAR in irrigation < 10, applied for areas of poor irrigation water and drainage condition. s 18, applied for areas of good irrigation and drainage condition . > 18 applied for areas of poor nutrient soil 3. Bo (B) mg/l < 1, applied for soil that having very sensitive plants with Bo < 2, applied for soil that having medium sensitive plants with Bo < 4, applied for soil that growing other plants 4. Disloved Oxygen mg/I > 2 5. pH _ 5.5 -8.5 6. Clorua (Cl-) mg/I s 350 7. Herbicide (for each type mg/l < 0.001 of herbicide seperately) 8. Mercury (Hg) mg/l 0.001 9. Cadmi (Cd) mg/l 0.005 -0.01 10. Asen (As) mg/I 0.05 - 0.1 1 1. Lead (Pb) mg/l S 0.1 12. Crom (Cr) mg/l s 0.1 13. Zin (Zn) mg/l Not more than 1, in case pH soil S 6.5 Not more than 5, in case pH > 6.5 14. Fecal coliform MPN/1OOml Not more than 200 (applied for soils which are grown vegetables and uncooked plants) No standard applied for soils that are grown other plants TCVN 6980: 2001 Water quality - Standards for industrial effluents discharged into rivers used for domestic water supply 97 Hanoi 2001 Foreword TCVN 6980: 2001 prepared by Technical Team TCVN / TC 147 "Water quality", recommended by General Department for Standards, Metrology and Quality (STAMEQ), issued by Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (MOSTE). 1. Scope of application 1.1. These standards stipulate in detail limits values of parameters and concentrations of pollutants in industrial effluents by discharge volumes and flow rates of receiving rivers. In these standards, industrial effluent is understood as waste liquid or wastewater from production processes, processing, and business of industries. The distance between the discharge point and receiving body is in accordance with the current regulations. 1.2. These standards are applied concurrently with TCVN 5945: 1995 and used to control the quality of industrial effluents discharged into rivers or springs (hereunder commonly called "rivers") having water quality suitable for domestic water supply. 2. Reference standards TCVN 5945: 1995 Industrial effluents - Discharge standards 3. Limit values 3.2 Limit values of parameters and concentrations of pollutants in effluents by discharge volume when discharged into rivers with different flow rates, shall not exceed the values shown in Table I. Parameters and concentrations of pollutants not stipulated in Table I are applied as stipulated in TCVN 5945: 1995. 3.2 Sampling, analysis, calculation and identification methods for each parameter and concentration are stipulated in the corresponding TCVNs or by other methods stipulated by competent environment agencies. 98 TCVN 6980: 2001 Table 1. Limit values and concentrations of pollutants in industrial effluents discharged into rivers used for domestic water supply Parameters Q> 200m /s Q= 50. 200m 3/s Q < 50m3, s_ F l F2 F3 Fl F2 F3 Fl F2 F3 1. Color, Co-Pt at pH=7 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2. Smell, sense No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad smell smell smell smell smell smell smell smell smell 3. BOD5 (20° C), mg/, 40 35 35 30 25 25 20 20 20 4. COD, mg/l 70 60 60 60 50 50 50 40 40 5. Total suspended solids, mg/I 50 45 45 45 40 40 40 30 30 6. Arsenic, As, mg/l 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.1 0.05 0.05 7. Lead, Pb, mg/A 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.06 8. Mineral oil & grease, mg/A 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 9. Organic oil & grease, mg/l 20 20 20 10 1 0 10 5 5 5 10. Copper, Cu, mg/I 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 11. Zinc, Zn, mg/I I I 1 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 12. Total phosphorus, mg/I 10 10 10 6 6 6 4 4 4 13. Chloride, Cl-, mg/I 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 14. Coliform, MPN/100 ml 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 Notes: Q is river's flow rate, m3/s F is volume of effluent, m3/day (24 hours) Fl - From 50 m3 up to 500 m3/day F2 - From 500 m3 up to 5000 m3/day F3 - equal or more than 5000 m3/day 99 TCVN 6981: 2001 Water quality - Standards for industrial effluents discharged into lakes used for domestic water supply Table 1. Limit values and concentrations of pollutants in industrial effluents discharged into lakes used for domestic water supply Parameters V> 100xI 6m3 V= ( 10.100) 6m3 V<10xI 6m3 Fl F2 F3 Fl F2 F3 Fl F2 F3 1. Color, Co-Pt at pH=7 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2. Smell, sense No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad smell smell smell smell smell smell smell smell smell 3. BODs (20°C), mg/l 30 30 30 20 20 20 15 15 15 4. COD, mgfA 60 60 60 40 40 40 30 30 30 5. Total suspended solids, mg/l 50 50 50 40 40 40 30 20 15 6. Arsenic, As, mg/I 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 7. Lead, Pb, mg/I 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 8. Chrome (Cr) 111, mg/i 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.10 0.10 0.10 9. Mineral oil & grease, mg/l 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 10. Organic oil &I grease, mg/] 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 11. Copper, Cu, mg/I 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 12. Zinc, Zn, mg/I 1 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 13. Total phosphorus, P, mg/il 10 8 8 8 6 6 6 4 4 14. Chloride, Cl-, mg/I 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 15. Coliform, MPN/100 ml 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 Notes: V is water volume of lake, m3 F is volume of wastewater, m3/day (24 hours) F I - From 50 m3 up to 500 m3/day F2 - From 500 m3 up to 5000 m3/day F3 - equal or more than 5000 m3/day 100 TCVN 6982: 2001 Water quality - Standards for industrial effluents discharged into rivers used for water sports and recreation Table 1. Limit values and concentrations of pollutants in industrial effluents discharged into rivers used for water sports and recreation Parameters Q> 200m 3 Q= 50. 200m3/s Q < 50m3/s Fl F2 F3 Fl F2 F3 Fl F2 F3 1. Color, Co-Pt at pH=7 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 2. Smell, sense No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad smell smell smell smell smell smell smell smell smell 3. BOD5 (200 C), mg/l 50 40 40 40 30 30 30 30 30 4. COD, mg/l 100 80 80 80 60 60 60 60 60 5. Total suspended solids, mg/l 100 90 90 90 80 80 80 70 70 6. Arsenic, As, mg/] 0.1 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 7. Lead, Pb, mg/I 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 8. Chrome (Cr) 111, mg/] 0.1 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.06 9.Totalphosphorus, P, mg/l 10 8 8 8 6 . 6 6 5 5 10. Chloride, Cl-, mg/l 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 11. Coliform, MPN/100 ml 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 Notes: Q is river's flow rate, m3/s F is volume of effluent, m3/day (24 hours) F I - From 50 m3 up to 500 m3/day F2 - From 500 m3 up to 5000 m3/day F3 - equal or more than 5000 m3/day 101 TCVN 6983: 2001 Water quality - Standards for industrial effluents discharged into lakes used for water sports and recreation Table 1. Limit values and concentrations of pollutants in industrial effluents discharged into rivers used for water sports and recreation Parameters V> 100 X 106m 3 V=(0÷. 100)x 106m 3 V< I0 x 106m3 Fl F2 F3 Fl F2 F3 Fl F2 F3 1. Color, Co-Pt at pH=7 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 2. Smell, sense No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad No bad smell smell smell smell smell smell smell smell smell 3. BOD5 (20° C), mg/_ 50 40 40 30 30 30 30 20 20 4. COD, mg/l 100 80 80 70 60 60 60 40 40 5. Total suspended solids, mg/l 80 80 80 70 70 60 60 50 50 6. Arsenic, As, mg/I 0.1 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 7. Lead, Pb, mg/l 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 8. Chrome (Cr) 111, mg/l 0.1 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.06 9. Total phosphorus, P, mg/A 8 6 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 10. Mercury, Hg, mg/l 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 1 i. Chloride, Cl-, mg/l 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 12. Coliform, MPN/100 ml 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 Notes: V is water volume of lake, m3 F is volume of effluent, m3/day (24 hours) Fl - From 50 m3 up to 500 m3/day F2 - From 500 m3 up to 5000 m3/day F3 - equal or more than 5000 m3/day 102 TCVN 6984: 2001 Table 1. Limit values and concentrations of pollutants in industrial effluents discharged into rivers used for protection of aquatic life Parameters Q> 200m Q=s Q 50. 200m1/s (Q_ < 5Om3/s F I F2 F3 FlI F2 F3 F I F2 F3 1. Color, Co-Pt at pH=7 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 2. Smell, sense Light Light Light Light Light Light Light Light Light 3. pH 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 4. BOD5 (200 C), mg/l 50 45 40 40 35 30 30 20 20 5. COD, mg/ 100 90 80 80 70 60 60 50 50 6. Total suspended solids, mg/A 100 100 100 90 80 80 80 80 80 7. Arsenic, As, mggA 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.05 8. Cadmium, Cd, mgfl 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 9. Lead, Pb, mg/A 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 10. Iron. mg/l 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 1 1. Cyanide, CN-, mgA 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 12. Mineral oil & grease, mg/l 10 5 5 10 5 5 5 5 5 13. Organic oil & grease, mgA 20 20 20 20 10 10 10 10 10 14. Organic phosphorus, mgA I I 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 15. Total phosphorus, mg/l 10 8 8 6 6 6 5 5 4 16. Chloride, Cl-, mg/I 1000 1000 1000 800 800 800 750 750 750 17. Surface active substance, mg/I 10 10 10 5 5 5 5 5 5 18. Coliform, MPN/100 ml 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 19. PCB, mg/I 0.02 0.02 0.02 | 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Notes: Q is river's flow rate, m3/s F is volume of effluent, m3/day (24 hours) Fl - From 50 m3 up to 500 m3/day F2 - From 500 m3 up to 5000 m3/day F3 - equal or more than 5000 m3/day 103 TCVN 6985: 2001 Water quality - Standards for industrial effluents discharged into lakes used for protection of aquatic life Table 1. Limit values and concentrations of pollutants in industrial effluents discharged into lakes used for protection of aquatic life Parameters V> 100 x I 6m3 V= (10*100 xI6m3 V<10XI06m3 Fl F2 F3 Fl F2 F3 Fl F2 F3 1. Color, Co-Pt at pH=7 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 2. Smell, sense Light Light Light Light Light Light Light Light Light 3. pH 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 6-8.5 4. BOD5 (20° C), mg/I 50 40 40 40 30 30 30 20 20 5. COD, mgA 90 80 80 70 60 60 50 50 50 6. Total suspended solids, mgll 100 90 90 80 70 70 70 70 70 7. Arsenic, As, mg/- 0.1 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 8. Cadmium, Cd, mg/l 0.02 0.015 0.015 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.005 0.01 0.01 9. Lead, Pb, mg/l 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 10.Iron, mg/] 5 5 5 4 4 .4 3 3 3 11. Cyanide, CN-, mg/ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 12. Mineral oil & grease, mA 10 10 10 5 5 5 5 S 5 13. Organic oil & grease, mg/I 10 10 10 7 7 7 5 5 5 14. Organic phosphorus, mg/l 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 15. Total phosphorus, mg/I 6 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 16. Chloride, Cl-, mg/I 750 750 700 650 600 600 500 500 500 17. Chloride free, mgm I I I I I I I I I 18. Surface active substance, mg/I 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 19. Coliform, MPN/100 ml 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 20. PCB, m/gA 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 Notes: V is water volume of lake, m3 F is volume of effluent, m3/day (24 hours) Fl - From 50 m3 up to 500 m3/day F2 - From 500 m3 up to 5000 m3/day F3 - equal or more than 5000 m3/day 104 TCVN 6986: 2001 Water quality - Standards for industrial effluents discharged into coastal waters used for protection of aquatic life 3. Limit values 3.1 Limit values of parameters and concentrations of pollutants in wastewater by discharge volume when discharged into rivers with different flow rates, shall not exceed the values shown in Table 1. Parameters and concentrations of pollutants not stipulated in Table I are applied as stipulated in TCVN 5945: 1995. 3.2 If the coastal area has coral ecosystem or other ecosystems sensitive with temperature, then the effluents discharged into that area should not raise the temperature of the receiving coastal area by more than 3 0C, measured at 100 m from the discharging point within the effluent propagation. 3.3 Wastes containing biphenyl polychlorinated (PCB), poliaromat hydrocarbon (PAH) may be discharged into coastal waters at "trace" level by current analytical methods. Wastes containing radioactive substance, inflammable solvents, floating solids of more than I mm, are not allowed to be discharged into coastal waters. 3.4 Central or local competent agencies can stipulate limit values and concentrations of the parameters in Table I more stringent depending on objectives, requirements on protection of a specific marine area. 3.5 Sampling, analysis, calculation, identification methods for each parameter and concentration are stipulated in corresponding TCVNs or by other methods stipulated by competent environment agencies. 105 Table 1. Limit values and concentrations of pollutants in industrial effluents discharged into coastal waters used for protection of aquatic life Parameters Permissible levels Fl F2 F3 1. Color, Co-Pt at pH=7 50 50 50 2. Smell, sense No bad smell No bad smell No bad smell 3. pH 5 -9 5-9 5 -9 4. BOD5 (20 °C), mg/l 50 20 10 5. COD, mg/l 100 80 50 6. Total suspended solids, mgll 100 80 50 7. Arsenic, As, mg/l I 0.5 0.1 8. Lead, Pb, mg/l 1 0.5 0.5 9. Chrome VI, Cr, mg/l I 0.5 0.1 10. Copper, Cu, mg/l I 0.5 0.1 _1_1. Zinc, Zn, mg/l 2 1 1 12. Manganese, Mn, mg/l 5 5 1 13. Mercury, Hg, mg/l 0.005 0.001 0.001 14. Total nitrogen (by N), mg/l 20 15 10 15. Mineral oil & grease, mg/l 10 5 5 16. Organic oil & grease, mg/l 30 20 10 17. Organic phosphorus, P, mg/l 0.5 0.2 0.2 18. Surface active substance, mg/l 10 5 5 19. Coliform, MPN/100 ml 5000 5000 5000 Notes: F is volume of effluent, m3/day (24 hours) Fl - From 50 m3 up to 500 m3/day F2 - From 500 m3 up to 5000 m3/day F3 - equal or more than 5000 m3/day 106 TCVN 6987: 2001 Water quality - Standards for industrial effluents discharged into coastal waters used for water sports and recreation 3. Limit values 3.1 Limit values of parameters and concentrations of pollutants in wastewater by discharge volume when discharged into rivers with different flow rates, shall not exceed the values shown in Table 1. Parameters and concentrations of pollutants not stipulated in Table I are applied as stipulated in TCVN 5945: 1995. 3.2 Wastes containing biphenyl polychlorinated (PCB), poliaromat hydrocarbon (PAH) may only be discharged into coastal waters at "trace" level by current analytical methods. Wastes containing radioactive substance, inflammable solvents, floating solids of more than I mm, are not allowed to be discharged into coastal waters. 3.3 Sampling, analysis, calculation, and identification methods for each parameter and concentration are stipulated in corresponding TCVNs or by other methods stipulated by competent environment agencies. Table 1. Limit values and concentrations of pollutants in industrial effluents discharged into coastal waters used for water sports and recreation Parameters Permissible levels Fl F2 F3 1. Temperature, °C 50 50 50 2. Color, Co-Pt at pH=7 30 30 30 3. Smell, sense No bad smell No bad smell No bad smell 4. pH 5.5 - 8.5 5.5 - 8.5 5.5 - 8.5 5. BOD5 (20 °C), mg/l 50 40 30 6. COD, mg/l 100 80 50 7. Total suspended solids, mg/l 100 80 60 8. Arsenic, As, mg/l 1 0.5 0.1 9. Lead, Pb, mg/l 0.5 0.4 0.4 10. Chrome Vl, Cr, mg/I 1 0.5 0.1 I1. Fluoride, F-, mg/l 25 25 15 12. Mercury, Hg, mg/l 0.005 0.004 0.004 13. Sulfide, mg/I 1 0.5 0.5 14. Total nitrogen (by N), mg/l 20 15 10 15. Total phosphorus, mg/I 6 5 4 16. Mineral oil & grease, mg/l 5 5 5 17. Organic oil & grease, mg/I 10 10 10 18. Surface active substance, mg/l 10 5 5 19. Coliform, MPN/100 ml 3000 3000 3000 Notes: F is volume of effluent, m3/day (24 hours) Fl - From 50 m3 up to 500 m3/day F2 - From 500 m3 up to 5000 m3/day F3 - equal or more than 5000 m3/day 107 Water quality - Fresh water quality guidelines for protection of aquatic lifes 1. Scope of application These standards applied as a guidline for assessment of suitable and safe surface water quality for aquatic life. 1.3. These standards applied as a foundation for requirement of water quality management to protect aquatic life. 2. Water quality for protection of aquatic life In order to protect aquatic life, all socio-economic activities relating to waste water and surface water exploitation and use do not change value of any parameter in the Table 1. Parameters Unit Standard Note 1. Disoluted Oxygen mg/l 5 Average daily 2. Temperature oC Natural temperature in the Seasonal basin 3. BOD5, 20OC mg/l < 10 4. Pesticide (organic clo) Aldrin/ Dieldrin pg/l < 0.008 Endrin 1lg/l < 0.014 B.H.C pg/I < 0.13 DDT pg/l < 0.004 Endosulfan pg/l < 0.01 Lindan pg/I 0.38 Clordan pg/l 0.02 Heptaclo pg/l 0.06 5. Pesticide (organic Phospho) Paration pLg/l S 0.40 Malation pg/l S 0.32 6. Herbicide 2,4 D mg/] S 0.45 2,4,5 D mg/l 0.16 Paraquat mg/l S 1.80 7. C02 mg/l < 12 8. pH 6.5 - 8.5 9. NH3 mg/l s 2.20 pH = 6.5, t°C = 15 S 1.33 pH = 8.0, t°C = 15 S 1.49 pH = 6.5, t°C = 20 s 0.93 pH = 8.0, t°C = 20 10. Xyanua mg/ S 0.005 I1. Copper mg/l 0.002 - 0.004 Depend on hardness of water (CaCO3) 12. Asen mg/I S 0.02 13. Crom mg/I S 0.02 14. Cadmi pg/l 0.80 - 1.80 Depend on hardness of water (CaCO3) 15. Lead (Pb) mg/I 0.002 - 0.007 Depend on hardness of water (CaCO3) 16. Selen mg/l S 0.001 17. Mercury (total) pg/I s 0.10 18. Oil (mineral) mg/I Not see oily film, emulsion 19. Phenol (total) mg/I 0.02 20. Disolved solid mg/l 1000 2 1. Suspended solid mg/l S 100 22. Surface active matters mg/l 0.5 108 Drinking water quality (Promulgation based on Decision No 1 329/2002/BYT/QD dated 18/4/2002 by Ministry of Health) A. Explaination of terminology - Drinking water: in these standards applied for drinking water, food processing, water in water treatment plants to provide for drinking and domestic uses. - The sense parameters: all parameters are impacted to the sense characteristic of water, if over the limited level making the difficulty for water users. B. Applied limitation The water uses for drinking, manufactory, food processing, water in pipe lines from urban water treatment plants, or water collection plants to provide for more than 500 people. C. Applied limitation The water uses for drinking, manufactory, food processing, water in pipe lines from urban water treatment plants, or water collection plants to provide for more than 500 people. 109 ANNEX 6: SUMMARY OF BIODIVERSITY INFORMATION FOR HA TINH PROVINCE 110 Table 39: List of rare mammals in Ke Go Nature Reserve. Scienbific name VIETNAMESE NAME English Name IUCN 2000 Redlist Vietnam I I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Red Book Mammalia THL 1 Felis temmincki BEO LUIA Panther LR/nt V 2 Cynocephlus varegatus CH6N Dal Weasel R 3 Pygathrix nemaDu VOOC vA E E 4 Helarctor malayanus GAU CHO E V 5 Lutra lutra RAi cA THLI'NG Od World Otter (E) WA2cde T 6 Hylobates gabriellae VuLaN MA HUNG E E Bear Macaque (E) Stump- Tailed 7 Macaca arctoides KHi MAT DO6 Macaque (E) WA1cd v ( Stumptail Macaque(E) VAc + Macaque Brun (F) Macaca Ursin (S) 8 Macaca nemest/ina KHI EUOI LON V 9 M. assamensis KHi MOC V 10 Nicticabus caucang CULI LON Loris V 11 Arc/ictis binturong CAY MUC V 12 Manis pentadactyla TE TE VANG Chinese Pangolin (E) LR.nt E 13 Petaurista petaunista SOC BAY LON Flying squirrel R 14 Panthera tigris H6 Tiger E E 15 Unrus thibe/anus GAU NGLUA Asiafic Black Bear (E) VUAlc Ed 1 6 Basgaurus BO TOT E V 17 Capricomis sumatraensis SON DUONG Chamois V V__ _ i8 Elephas mximus VOl Elephant V T_E aves CHIM 1 Cainina scutulata NGAN CANH TRANG Swan E E 2 Rheinarlia ocellata TRT SAO Pheinardia ocellata T V 3 Lophura hatinhensis GA LOI LAM DUOI pheasant E E L.hur /nesTRANG 4 L. imperialis GA LOI LAM MAO pheasant E CR 5 L. diardi GA LOt HONG TiA Lophura diardi T V 6 Arborophila charltonii GA SO CHAN vANG Hill partridge V 7 Caipococcyx renauldi PHLION DAT T 8 Ceryle lugubns BOI cA LtN Kingfisher T 9 Alcedo hercules BONG CHANH RUNG T V 10 Buceros bicomis HONG HOANG Great hombill T 11 Rhyticeros undulatus NIEC MO VAN T 12 Picus raberi GO K-IN XNH DAU woodpecker T V 13 Psanisomus dalhousiae MO RONG XANH T 14 Pit/a elliog TUO CUT BUNG ___ __ ___ __ ___ __ __ VA N 15 Temnurus temnurus KHACH EuOU CO T 16 Jaboulleia danjoui KH1EU M6 DAi T V 17 Paradoxomis davidianus KHIEUMODETDUOI T V ___ __ __ __ ___ __ __ __ N G A N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Reptilia BO SAT 1 Cistoclemmus galbinifrons RvA H¢P TRAN v 2 Gekko gekko TAC Kli T 3 Indotestudo elongata ROA NOI vANG Pineapple Tortoise (E) EN Alcd+20d V 4 Manouria impressa RUA NUI VIEN Impressed Tortoise (E) VU Alacd, 61+2acd V 5 Naja naja RAN HO MANG T 6 Ophiphagus hannah RCN HO MANG V 7 Pyton molutus TRAN DAT V 8 Varanus salva/or KY DA HOA V .~~~~~~~~~~~~ Table 10: List of rare plants in Ke Go Nature Reserve. No Scientific Name VIETNAMESE English Name IUCN 2000 Redlist ietnamese Red NAME EnlshNm Book 1 Aguilaria crassna TRAM HUONG CR Alcd (E) 2 Churasia tabutaris LAT HOA (K) 3 Dalbergia tonkinensis SULA VU Alcd (R) 4 Madhuca pasquien SEN MAT VU Alcd (K) 5 Parashorea chinensis CHO CHi _ EN Alcd, C2a, D (K) 7 Podocarpus hen,yi KIM GIAO _ _T 8 Manglielia fordiana VANG TAM (T) 9 Calamusplatyacanthus SONG MAT (T) 10 Sindora tonkinensis GU LAU Db (V) Note for IUCN Redlist of Threatened Species EX: Extinct EW: Extinct in the wild CR: Cribcally and Endangered EN: Endangered VU: Vulnerable LR/cd: Lower Risk /Conservation Dependent LR/nt: Lower Risk /Near Threatened DD: Data Deficient Note for Vietnamese Red Book: (+) A group can be 5 - 6individuals Level V: Vulnerable Level E: Endangered Level R: Rare Level T: Threatened 1 2 ANNEX 7: DESCRIPTION OF KE Go NATURE RESERVE I 1 3 B ir?d i fe~ INTERNATIONAL EUROPEAN UNION MlyfF ORY Ke Go Nature Reserve Alternative site name(s) Ho Ke Go Province(s) Ha Tinh Status Decreed Management board established Yes '> Latitude 1 8°00'- -18uO9'N! Lonaitude- - 1 05u50'- -106°07'E , - , Bio-unit 05c - North Annam and Environmental Studies (CRES), first initiated field _ - - * - surveys for these enigmatic pheasants in 1988. In early 1990, the two organisations identified the forests of Ke Ke Go is located in Huong Khe, Cam Xuyen and Go as being potentially important for the conservation Ky Anh districts in the south of Ha Tinh province. The of these species (Le Trong Trai et al. 1999). site does not include Ke Go reservoir. Prior to 1990, Following the rediscovery of Vietnamese Pheasant the Ke Go area was under the management of Cam Ky Lophura hatinhensis and Imperial Pheasant L. Forest Enterprise, which managed all the forested areas imperialis in southem Ha Tinh province in 1988 and in Ky Anh and Cam Xuyen districts, Ha Tinh province. 1990 respectively (Robson et aL. 1991), an investment In 1990, Cam Ky Forest Enterprise ceased logging plan for Ke Go Nature Reserve was published by operations and part of the area under its management BirdLife Interational and FIPI in August 1996 (Le was designated as Ke Go Reservoir Watershed Trong Trai et al. 1996). This investment plan gave the Protection Forest (WPF). On I June 1994, following total area of the nature reserve as 24,801 ha, decision No. 773 QD/UB of Ha Tinh Provincial Peopl's Comitte, a anageent bard ws td comprising a strict protection area of 20,537 ha and a PepesCmite aaeetbadwscreae forest rehabilitation area of 4,264 ha. Following for Ke Go Reservoir WPF. When Ke Go Nature Decision No. 970/TTg, Ke Go Nature Reserve was Reserve was decreed in 1996, it combined 7,511 ha decreed by the ~government of Vietnam on 28 previously under the management of Ky Anh II Forest December 1996. The establishment of the nature Enterprise, 5,905 ha previously under the management reserve was approved by Ha Tinh Provincial People's of Ha Dong Forest Enterprise and 11,385 ha previously Committee on 3 May 1997, following Decision No. under the management of Ke Go Reservoir WPF (Le 519/QD-UB, and a management board was formed on Trong Trai et al. 1999). 12 June 1997. Ke Go Nature Reserve is currently under Ke Go is situated in the Annamese lowlands, an the management of Ha Tinh Provincial DARD (Ha area noted for the occurrence of several endemic bird Tinh Provincial DARD 2000). Ke Go Nature Reserve species, including the globally endangered Vietnamese is included on the 2010 list with an area of 24,801 ha Pheasant Lophura hatinhensis and the globally (FPD 1998). critically endangered Imperial Pheasant L. imperialis (Stattersfield et al. 1998). BirdLife International, in collaboration with the Centre for Natural Resources Sourcebook of Existing and Proposed Protected Areas in Vietnam Updated 19102101 Ke Go Nature Reserve in the area as a result of unrestricted hunting and exploitation of the forest (Le Trong Trai et al. 1999). The northem boundary of Ke Go Nature Reserve Ke Go Nature Reserve is situated in the Annamese follows the southem shore of Ke Go reservoir. To the Lowlands Endemic Bird Area, and supports south, the nature reserve extends to the border between populations of five restricted-range bird species: Ha Tinh and Quang Binh provinces. The topography of Imperial Pheasant, Vietnamese Pheasant, Crested the nature reserve is comprised of gently undulating Argus Rheinardia ocellata, Short-tailed Scimitar low hills, a landscape typical of the midlands of central Babbler Jabouilleia danjoui and Grey-faced Tit Vietnam. Eievations in the nature reserve range Babbler iMacronous kelleyi. Of greatest significance, between 50 and 497 m, although most of the nature Ke Go Nature Reserve, together with the adjacent reserve is below 300 m. forest area in northern Quang Binh province, is the There are three main watersheds in Ke Go Nature only site in the world known to support a population of Reserve. The Rao Boi watershed feeds Ngan Sau river, Vietnamese Pheasant. which flows into the Ngan Pho river, which in tum flows into the Lam River, and thence into the South ___ China Sea. Ke Go reservoir watershed is fed by a number of rivers and permanent streams and covers the The major threats to biodiversity at Ke Go Nature largest area of the nature reserve. The Chin Xai-Cat Reserve are hunting, illegal timber extraction, charcoal Bin watershed feeds the Khe Canh river, which flows production, fuelwood collection and fragrant oil south into Quang Binh province and, eventually, joins extraction (Le Trong Trai et aL. 1999). There are 8,873 the Gianh river. households in the buffer zone of Ke Go Nature Reserve, with a total of 39,917 people, belonging = ** - mainly to the Kinh ethnic group (Ha Tinh Provincial DARD 2000). Around half of these households Ke Go Nature Reserve supports 24,284 ha of supplement their incomes through the exploitation of natural forest, equivalent to 98% of the total area. forest resources such as firewood, charcoal, palm However, the forest has been selectively logged in the leaves, rattans and honey (Le Trong Trai et al. 1999). past. 76% of it is classified as heavilv disturbed, and Fragrant oil distillation is widely practised and has undisturbed primary forest is virtually absent. Lightly significantly contributed to the degradation of the disturbed forest is concentrated at higher elevations, forest at Ke Go Nature Reserve. Fragrant oil is distilled while heavily disturbed forest is distributed in more from Cinnamonium parthenox.rlum, although other accessible lowland areas. Below 300 m, the tree flora is members of the Lauraceae family are also used. It is dominated by Michelia spp., Cinnamormum spp. estimated that, for each tree fragrant oil is distilled Madhuca pasquieri and Eryfthrophleud fordii. Above from, one square kilometre of forest is negatively 300 m, the tree flora is dominated by Hopea spp. (Le affected, because the process requires large quantities Trong Trai et al. 1999). of firewood (Le Trong Trai et al. 1999). To date, 46 species of mammal, 270 species of bird Timber is extracted for use locally in construction and 562 species of plant have been recorded at Ke Go but is also illegally exported abroad. The tree species Nature Reserve. Ten globally threatened mammal favoured for timber are Hopea spp., although other species have been recorded at the nature reserve. species of lower value are also exploited (Le Trong However, several of these species, in particular Asian Trai et al. 1999). Elephant Elephas maximus, Gaur Bos gaurus and Tiger Panthera tigris, may already be extinct or reduced to Hunting also plays an important role in the local relict populations as a result of hunting. Buff-cheeked economy. Prior to the opening of Vietnam's economy, Gibbon Hviobates gabriellae, another species of animals were hunted principally for local consumption. conservation concem, is reported to be extremely rare However, the opening of Vietnam's economy has changed this pattem significantly: foreign demand for Sourcebook of Existing and Proposed Protected Areas in Vietnam Updated 19102101 Ke Go Nature Reserve wild animals has broadened the range of species nature reserve currently has no visitor facilities (Le subject to hunting and increased overall hunting Trong Trai etaL. 1999). pressure. Populations of large and medium-sized mammals suffer from constant hunting pressure. Moreover, the use of non-specific hunting methods, such as traps and snares, threatens ground bird species, Prior to the establishment of Ke Go Nature such as Vietnamese Pheasant (Le Trong Trai et al. Reserve, CRES, Ky Anh District People's Committee 1999). and Ha Tinh Provincial Department of Science, Technology and the Environment implemented a Ke~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ GNaueRsrehsasafo70inlDin project to protect the Gat Che Me area in the east of the 56 forest guards. The staff are stationed at the nature reserve headquarters and five guard stations (Ha Tinh nature reserve. This project was supported financially Provincial DARD 2000). by ORO-VERDE. Between 1992 and 1998, with funding from the Ke Go Nature Reserve is contiguous with a large - . E National Environment Programme of Vietnam, the area of natural forest in northern Quang Binh province. Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources This area is included within Khe Net proposed nature reserve (see Khe Net site card). Together, the two sites contain one of the largest remaining areas of natural In 1996, as part of the European Union-funded forest in the Annamese lowlands. project The Conservation of Biodiversity in the Atnamese Lowlands and the Da Lai Plateaui Vietnam, __- . BirdLife and FIPI prepared an investment plan for Ke Go Nature Reserve. Ke Go Nature Reserve protects a large proportion In 1996, with funding from the Danish Embassy in of the watershed of Ke Go reservoir. This reservoir has high economic importance, since it supplies domestic one-year environtmental education project. This project water for Ha Tinh town and irrigates 22,000 ha of worked in collaboration with Ky Anh District agricultural land. Similarly, the nature reserve protects Department of Education and Training in the buffer part of the watershed of the Gianh river, an important zone of Ke Go Nature Reserve. source of water for irrigation in Quang Binh province (Le Trong Trai et al. 1999). Between 1997 and 1999, with funding from the British Birdwatching Fair, BirdLife implemented the The potential timber and tourism ve the Ke Go Forest Project. Project activities include nature reserve are less apparent. Due to the intensity cntuto ftogadsain,poiino and uraton o pas comercil loging the construction of two guard stations, provision of and uraton o pas comercil loging the motorbikes and other equipment, and training for commercial timber value of the forest at Ke Go has nature reserve staff. declined significantly, to the extent that commercial logging is of dubious economic viability. The nature In 1998, the Non-timber Forest Product Research reserve remains, however, an important source of Centre of the Forest Science Institute of Vietnam, timber and non-timber forest products for local began implementing the project Sustainable Utilisation communities. The presence of numerous globally of Von-timber Forest Products, with funding from the threatened and restricted-range bird species could Netherlands Government and technical support from attract a small number of specialised ecotourists, IUCN. The aim of the project is to promote the particularly overseas bird watchers. Overall, however, conservation of biodiversity through the sustainable the proposed nature reserve can be considered to have use of non-timber district forest products. Pilot low potential for general ecotourism because wildlife activities are currently being carried out, in populations have been seriously depressed by hunting, collaboration with CRES, in Cam Xuyen in the buffer to the point at which most mammals and large birds are zone of Ke Go Nature Reserve, and, in collaboration impossible to observe. In addition, Ke Go is a lowland with ECO-ECO, in the buffer zone of Ba Be National area and lacks any major landscape features, and the Park (Raintree etal. 1999). Sourcebook of Existing and Proposed Protected Areas in Vietnam Updated 19102/01 Ke Go Nature Reserve Since 1998, the Department for International project concept. Project proposal by BirdLife Development of the United Kingdom government has International Vietnam Programme. been funding a poverty alleviation programme in Ha Anon. (1998) ActionAid Vietnam's rural Tinh province entitled the Ha Tinh Povert'v Tinh pdevelopment programme in Ha Tinh province. Hanoi: Programme. This programme is being implemented by ActionAid Vietnam. ActionAid, Oxfam Great Britain and Save the Children (UK), in collaboration with the Vietnam Women's Anon. (1999) Ha Tinh poverty programme. Hanoi: Union (Anon. 1997a, 1998, 1999). Save the Children (UK). In 2001, Dansk Omitologisk Forening (BirdLife Eames, J. C. (1996) Observations on the nesting Denmark), together with Ha Tinh Provincial DARD behaviour of the Bar-bellied Pitta Pirta elliotii. Bull. and the BirdLife International Vietnam Programme B.O.C. 116(4): 216-224. will begin implementing an integrated conservation Eames, J. C., Lambert, F. R. and Nguyen Cu (1994) and development project entitled The Sustainable A survey of the Annamese Lowlands, Viemam, and its MVanagement of Ke Go Nature Reserve. This project implications for the conservation of Vietnamese and will be funded by Danida. The project will aim to Imperial Pheasants Lophura hatinhensis and L. conserve the biodiversity of Ke Go Nature Reserve imperialis. Bird Conservation International 4(4): 343- while improving the socio-economic conditions of 382. local communities in the buffer zone. The project has three main objectives: (i) to strengthen the capacity of Eames J. C. and Robson, C. R. (1992) Forest bird the nature reserve management board to undertake surveys in Vietnam 1991. Cambridge, U.K.: management planning and facilitate management of Intemational Council for Bird Preservation. natural resources by local communities; (ii) to develop Eames, J. C., Robson, C. R., Nguyen Cu and community-based resource-use activities that support Truong Van La (1989) Vietnam forest project: the conservation objectives and address environmental, pheasant surveys 1989. Unpublished report to the productive and social issues in the buffer zone; and (iii) International Council for Bird Preservation. to raise environmental awareness among the local population and authorities, in order to support the Ha Tinh Provincial DARD (2000) [FPD objectives of the management plan and the long-tenn questionnaire]. Ha Tinh: Ha Tinh Provincial conservation of the nature reserve. Department of Agriculture and Rural Development. In Vietnamese. Hoang Nlinh Khien and Dang Huy Huvnh (1995) The present status of wild mammal resources in the Ke Anon. (1993) A list of bird species recorded from Go lake area. Pp 363-366 in: Dang Huy Huynh, the watershed of Ho Ke Go, 12-20 April 1993. Nguyen Tien Ban, Vu Quang Con, Nguyen Thi Le, Unpublished list of birds. In English. Pham Van Luc, Tran Dinh Ly, La Dinh Moi and Cao Anon. (1994) [Industry, agriculture and forestry Van Sung eds. [Results of research by IEBR] Hanoi: plan for Ke Go Watershed Protection Forest]. Ha Tinh: Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources. In Ha Tinh Provincial Department of Agriculture and Vietnamese. Rural Development. In Vietnamese. Lambert, F. R., Eames, J. C. and Nguyen Cu (1994) Anon. (1997a) Ha Tinh poverty programme. Draft Surveys of the endemic pheasants in the Annamese programme submission to South East Asia lowlands of Vietnam, June-July, 1994: status and Development Division, Overseas Development conservation recommendations for the Vietnamese Administration, Bangkok. Pheasant Lophutra hatinhensis and Imperial Pheasant L. imperialis. Oxford: IUCN. Anon. (1997b) The establishment of Ke Go Nature Reserve, Ha Tinh province: background brief and Le Trong Trai, Nguyen Huy Dung, Nguyen Cu, Le Van Cham and Eames, J. C. (1996) [An investment plan for Ke Go Nature Reserve, Ha Tinh province, Sourcebook of Existing and Proposed Protected Areas in Vietnam Updated 19102101 Ke Go Nature Reserve Vietnam: a contribution to the management plan]. Nguyen Phu Quoc (1999) BirdLife Intemational Hanoi: BirdLife Intemational and the Forest Inventory Vietnam Programme donates four Minsk bikes to Ke and Planning Institute. In Vietnamese. Go Nature Reserve. Lam Nghiep [Vietnam Forest Le Trong Trai, Nguyen Huy Dung, Nguyen Cu, Le Review] July 1999: 49. In Vietnamese. Van Chamn, Eames, J. C., and Chicoine, G. (1999) An Raintree, J. B., Le Thi Phi and Nguyen Van Duong investment plan for Ke Go Nature Reserve, Ha Tinh (1999) Report on a diagnostic survey of conservation province, Vietnam: a contribution to the management problems and development opportunities in the buffer plan. Hanoi: BirdLife Intemational Vietnam zone of Ke Go Nature Reserve. Hanoi: Forest Science Programme and the Forest Inventory and Planning Institute of Vietnam. Institute. Robson, C. R., Eames, J. C., Newman, M., Nguyen Nguyen Cu and Duong Nguyen Thuy (1993) Cu and Truong Van La (1991) Forest bird surveys in [Research to design the buffer zone progranmme for Ky Vietnam 1989/1990: final report. Unpublished report to Thuong and Ky Anh communes, Ha Tinh province]. the Intemational Council for Bird Preservation. Unpublished report to the Vietnamese National Robson, C. R., Eames, J.C., Nguyen Cu and Research Prograrnme on the Enviroriment. In Truong Van La (1993) Further recent records of birds Vietnamese. from Vietnam. Forktail 8: 25-52. Nguyen Cu and Eames, J. C. (1993) The Scott, D. A. (1989) A directory of Asian wetlands. distribution and status of pheasants in Vietnam. Pp 20- Gland: IUCN. 27 in D. Jenkins, ed. Pheasants in Asia 1992. Reading: World Pheasant Association. Vo Quy (1993) [The protection of biodiversity in Ha Tinh province]. Unpublished report to the Nguyen Cu. Eames, J' C. and Lambert,F.R.(995) Vietnamese National Research Programme on the [Results of surveys of the Annamese Lowlands, Environment. In Vietnamese. Vietnam and its implication for the conservation of Vietnamese Pheasant Lophiura hatinhensis and Vo Quy (1999) Lesson learned from the project: Imperial Pheasant L. in7perialis]. Pp 264-275 in: Dang how to involve local communities in environmental Huv Huynh. NLguyen Tien Ban, Vu Quang Con, projects and programmes. Unpublished report to Nguyen Thi Le. Pham Van Luc, Tran Dinh Ly, La Centre for Natural Resources and Environmental Dinh Moi and Cao Van Sung eds. [Results of research Studies. by IEBR] Hanoi: Institute of Ecology and Biological Vo Quy, Nguyen Cu, Hoang Minh Khien and Resources. In Vietnamese. Nguyen Thuy (1993) [The results of survey on the Nguyen Cu, Truong Van La and Duong Nguyen fauna, and status of pheasant species, of Ke Go Thuy (1992) Pheasant surveys in Ky Anh-Ho Ke Go, protected forest, Ha Tinh province, 1992]. Unpublished Ha Tinh province, May 1992. Unpublished report to report to the Vietnamese National Research the Intemational Council for Bird Preservation. Programme on the Environment. In Vietnamese. Nguyen Cu, Truong Van La and Duong Nguyen Thuy (1992) [Conservation study of pheasants in Ha Tinh province]. Unpublished report to the Intemational Council for Bird Preservation. In Vietnamese. Nguyen Huy Dung, Tran Quoc Dung and Le Van Cham (1995) [Socio-economic development plan for the buffer zone of Ke Go Nature Reserve]. Hanoi: BirdLife Intemational and the Forest Inventory and Planning Institute. In Vietnamese. Sourcebook of Existing and Proposed Protected Areas in Vietnam Updated 19102101 BirdLife INTERNATIONAL EUROPEAN UNON DEFOR INVENORY Khe Net Proposed Nature Reserve Alternative site name(s) Rao Net Province(s) Quang Binh Status Proposed. 3 Management board established itX%3 a Xl No Latitude i \ 1 8002'N Loncqitude ( t 105058'E . f Bio-unit Ts,'o. '; 05c - North Annam - . ; Trong Trai pers. cofrm.). Khe Net is not included on any governrment decision regarding the Special-use Forests system (MARD 1997). The future In 1994, BirdLife International conducted a field establishment of a nature reserve at the site is survey in the lowland forests of central Vietnam, with dependent upon an investment plan being prepared, the aim of identifying a suitable site for the and being approved by Quang Binh Provincial People's conservation of endemic pheasant species, including Committee and MARD. Vietnamese Pheasant Lophuira hatinhensis and Imperial Pheasant L. imperialis. Based on the results of = this survey, BirdLife recommended establishing a nature reserve at Khe Net, in Quang Binh province, Khe Net proposed nature reserve is located in with the objective of protecting the only known Tuyen Hoa district in the lowlands of north-central population of Vietnamese Pheasant in the world Vietnam. The topography of the proposed nature (Eames et al. 1994). reserve is characterised by low hills, at elevations In 9following their review of the Spectal-use below 400 m. The largest watercourse running through Iorstsnet 9 , . the site is the Khe Net stream, which forms part of the Forests network of Vietnam, BirdLife and FIPI watershed of the Gianh river. The Khe Net stream is reiterated the proposal to establish a nature reserve at Khe Net (Wege et at. 1999). Following this proposal fed by five main streams: the Khe Che, Khe Mon, Khe BirdLife and FIPI conducted a biodiversity survey and Lanh Anh, Khe Da Mai and Khe Bui Nhui. These socio-economic assessment of K.he Net in 2000, in streams all originate on the low ridge that formns the order to collect data for a feasibility study for the boundary between 1la Tinh and Quang Binh provinces. establishment of a nature reserve at the site. The feasibility study will be published in early 2001, and will propose that a nature rcserve be established with a total area of about 23,600 ha (Le Trong Trai et at. in Khe Net Is contiguous with Ke Go Nature Reserve, potal arep.) of about 23,600 ha (Le Trong Trai et aLin which lies in Ha Tinh province to the north. The two sites combined support one of the largest remaining The Khe Net area is currently under the tracts of lowland evergreen forest in the Annamese management of Tuyen H-oa Forest Enterprise (Le Lowlands Endemic Bird Area (EBA). This EBA Sourcebook of Existing and Proposed Protected Areas in Vietnam Updated 19102101 Khe Net Proposed Nature Reserve supports nine restricted-range bird species, five of Giant Muntjac Megamuntiacus vuquangensis, at the which occur in the Khe Net-Ke Go area: Vietnamese proposed nature reserve (Le Trong Trai et al. in prep.). Pheasant, Imperial Pheasant, Crested Argus Rheinardia ocellata, Short-tailed Scimitar Babbler Jabouilleia = _ danjoui and Grey-faced Tit Babbler Macronous kelleyi (Stattersfield et aL. 1998, Le Trong Trai et al. 1999). In the past, human pressure on the forest along the Most notably, the Khe Net-Ke Go area is the only area Ha Tinh-Quang Binh provincial border was intense. In in the world known to support a population of the the past five years, however, selective logging and globally endangered Vietnamese Pheasant (Le Trong non-timber forest product (NTFP) exploitation appear Trai et a. 1999). to have subsided somewhat. Since 1997, the focus of The vegetation of Khe Net proposed nature reserve the activities of Tuyen Hoa Forest Enterprise has is a mosaic of undisturbed and selectively logged shifted away from exploitation and towards forest lowland evergreen forest. Most of the ridge-tops in the protection and natural regeneration. Hunting, however, proposed nature reserve are covered by talL forest, with contiuesto be a problem at Khe Net, and threatens to a closed canopy, and, despite the fact that large timber eradicate a number of species of global conservation trees have been selectively extracted in many areas, the concern, unless measures are rapidly implemented to forest retains an essentially primary character. control it (Le Trong Trai et al. in prep.). Degraded forest areas usually occur on steeper slopes, and are often mixed with areas of secondary forest and -N 6 6 - 6 - tall bamboo. Most of the forest on flatter areas in the eastern part of the proposed nature reserve has been The forest at Khec Net performs an important easted, pandris nof thepr ed natr reseoaryvegetatien watershed protection function for the Gianh river. Khe logged, and is now replaced by secondar-y vegetation Net proposed nature reserve also provides an important types, with few tall trees and large numbers of palms NTFP resource for local communities, particularly (Le Trong Trai et al. in prep.). palm leaves, which are a major source of income for The composition of the flora of Khe Net proposed many households in the surrounding area. nature reserve is similar to that of Ke Go Nature Reserve. A total of 566 vascular plant species have / __ been identified at the site, ten of which are listed in the Red Data Book of Vietnam, including Sindora With funding from the national 661 Programme, tonkinensis, Parashorea chinensis, Cinnanmomum Tuyen Hoa Forest Enterprise is currently implementing parthenoxvlon, Manglietia hainanensis and Calamus a forest regeneration and protection programnme at the platvacanthfus (Le Trong Trai et al. in prep.). site. The mammal fauna of Khe Net is characterised by high species diversity but low abundance. Several x _ globally threatened species that have been recorded at the site are believed to occur at very low densities as a Eames, J. C., Lambert, F. R. and Nguyen Cu (1994) result of high hunting pressure. These include Gaur A survey of the Annamese Lowlands, Vietnam, and its Bos gaurus and Southern Serow Naemorhedus implications for the conservation of Vietnamese and sumiatraensis. During the BirdLife/FIPI survey in Imperial Pheasants Lophura hatinhensis and L. 2000, a population of Ha Tinh Leaf Monkey imperialis. Bird Conservation International 4(4): 343- Semnopithecusfrancoisi hatinhensis was discovered at 382. Khe Net. This discovery is of great conservation Lambert, F. R., Eames, J. C. and Nguyen Cu (1994) significance, as it is the first time in Vietnam that this Surveys of the endemic pheasants in the Annamese primate has been recorded away from the Phong Nha- lowlands of Vietnam, June-July, 1994: status and Ke Bang limestone area. In addition, the BirdLife/FIPI conservation recommendations for the Vietnamese survey recorded the recently described large mammal, Pheasant Lophura hatinhensis and Imperial Pheasant L. imperialis. Oxford: IUCN. Sourcebook of Existing and Proposed Protected Areas in Vietnam Updated 19102101 Khe Net Proposed Nature Reserve Le Trong Trai, Nguyen Huy Dung, Nguyen Cu. Le Van Cham and Eames, J. C. (1996) [An investment plan for Ke Go Nature Reserve, Ha Tinh province, Vietnam: a contnibution to the management plan]. Hanoi: BirdLife International and the Forest Inventory and Planning Institute. In Vietnamese. Le Trong Trai, Nguyen Huy Dung, Nguyen Cu. Le Van Cham, Eames, J. C., and Chicoine, G. (1999) An investment plan for Ke Go Nature Reserve, Ha Tinh province, Vietnam: a contribution to the management plan. Hanoi: BirdLife Intemational Vietnam Programme and the Forest Inventory and Planning Institute. Le Trong Trai, Tran Hieu Minh, Do Tuoc and Nguyen Van Sang (in prep.) [Feasibility study for the establishment of Khe Net Nature Reserve, Quang Binh province, Vietnam]. Hanoi: BirdLife International Vietnam Programme and the Forest Inventory and Planning Institute. In Vietnamese. Vietnam News (2000) Vietnam to double conscrvation areas with new reserve. Vietnam News 7 October 2000. Sourcebook of Existing and Proposed Protected Areas in Vietnam Updated 19102101 BirdUfe ' INTERNATIONAL EUROPE-AN UNION ll POrlvORY Vu Quang Nature Reserve Alternative site name(s) None Province(s) Ha Tinh Status Decreed A Management board established 1 Yes .., Latitude 18009' -18°25'N Longitude( 105016'- 105036'E Bio-unit 7rr-irjr '- 05c - North Annam i reserve management board, following Decision No. _ - 562/QD-UB-NL2 of the provincial people's commnittee. The total area transferred was 54,743 ha, comprising a During the French colonial period, Vu Quang was strict protection area of 39,217 ha and a forest designated as a forest reserve, with an area of about rehabilitation area of 15,526 ha (Eve 2000). These are 30,000 ha. Because of this classification, the area was the figures given by Ha Tinh Provincial DARD (2000) closed to local communities. In the 1960s, Trai Tu as the current area of the nature reserve. Forest Enterprise was established, incorporatin- much D In 2000, a draft management plan was prepared for of what is now Vu Quang Nature Reserve. In 1977. the nature reserve by the WWF Indochina Programme- Trai Tu was divided into Trai Tu and Vu Quang Forest O iv lP't Quiang Conservation Pr-oject (Eve 2000). Vu Enterprises. The area of Vu Quang Forest Enterprise Quang Nature Reserve is currently under the was 32.000 ha, and the main management objective mangeNtoHT PrvIncial DA d(H th ' . . .................... management of Ha Tinh Provincial DARD (Ha Tinh was forest exploitation; commercial logging activities Provincial DARD 2000). Vu Quang is included on the continued at Vu Quang until 1993 (Eve 2000). 2010 list as a 55,950 ha nature reserve, including On 9 August 1986, Vu Quang was included on 36.286 ha of forest (FPD 1998). Decision No. 194/CT of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers as a 16,000 ha nature reserve (MARD ;*- I "* 1997). In 1993, an investment plan was prepared by FIPI and WWF, which proposed establishing a Vu Quang Nature Reserve is located in Huong Son 55,950 ha nature reserve, comprising a 38,300 ha strict and Huong Khe districts, Ha Tinh province. The nature protection area and a 17,650 ha forest rehabilitation reserve is situated towards the northern end of the area (Anon. 1993). On 16 March 1994, this investment Annamite Mountains. The nature reserve contains an plan was approved by Ha Tinh Provincial People's elevation gradient of over 2,000 m, from 30 m in the Committee, following Decision No. 483/QD-UB. lowlands in the north-east of the nature reserve to Subsequently, on 14 June 1994, a management board 2,286 m at the summit of Mount Rao Co, on the border was established by the provincial people's committee, with Laos. following Decision No. 829/QD-UB. Finally, on 18 Vu Quang Nature Reserve contains the catchments May 1998, the management of the strict protection and of three rivers: the Nam Truoi, Rao No and Khe Tre forest rehabilitation areas was transferred to the nature Sourcebook of Existing and Proposed Protected Areas in Vietnam Updated 20102101 Vu Quang Nature Reserve rivers. These rivers originate in the south of the nature together with members of the Fagaceae, Lauraceae, reserve as steep, narrow, fast-flowing streams, and Elaeocarpaceae families (Eames et al. in prep.). although, as they flow north, they become broader and In 1992, the attention of the world scientific more placid. community was focussed on Vu Quang Nature Reserve, following the discovery of a previously undescribed large mammal species, Saola Pseudorvx nghetinhensis (Vu Van Dung et at. 1993). In 1993, this At lw eevatons thelanscap ofVu Qang discovery was followed by that of another large Nature Reserve is largely anthropogenic and consists mammal s Giant tuntjac anriargs of mny lemntsincudig hmanhabtaton, mammal species, Giant Muntjac Megamuntiacus of man elemnts inludin humanhabittion, vuqu(angensis (Do Tuoc et al. 1994). In the years since agricultural land, grassland and scrub. There are also a thesedsis, however, both Ie he be e few remaining patches of natural forest on steep and these dascoveines, however, both species have been inaccessible slopes, and isolated stands of trees and babo log ier ndstems A edu Laos (e.g. Le Trong Trai et al. 1999). Consequently, bambo alog rivrs ad steams.At mdium the Importance of Vu Quang as a site for mammal elevations, deeper within the nature reserve, the teiprac fV un sast o aua elvtos deprwti'h auersre h conservation may not be as high as was at one time landscape consists of open secondary forest and other sosed,athough t se does popuations of sera forst frrntion Beteen 00 nd 50 m uch supposed, although the site does support populations of seral forest formations. Between 100 and 500 m, much a number of other mammal species of conservation of the forest has been selectively logged, although, concer i n Gah r Bmspgaues a ndedsanked above 500 m, the slopes are covered by primary forest Douc Lng ur Bn s eaeus (Eved2000). (Etnse l.i rp) Douc Langur Pvygathlrix nemaeus neinaeu/s (Eve 2000). (Eames et at. in prep.). A total of 273 bird species are known from Vu tT Quang Nature Reserve, including 21 globally Nature Reserve. Lowland evergreen forest, which threatened or near-threatened species (Eames et al. in formerly covered much of the nature reserve, is . . prep.). Vu Quang Nature Reserve lies in the Annamese distributed at elevations between 100 and 300 m in the Lowlands Endemic Bird Area (EBA) (Stattersfield et north and north-east of the nature reserve. Lower al. i1998). However, the site only supports three montane evergreen forest is distributed at elevations bewen30an 00 n h enr o h ntr restricted-range species, Crested Argus Rheinardia between 300 and 1,000 m in the centre of the nature ocellata, Short-tailed Scimitar Babbler Jabou illcia reserve, with some small patches in the north and northeast.Mediu montne evrgree foret is danjoui and Grey-faced Tit Babbler MPacronous k-ellevi, north-cast. Medium montane evergreen forest Is none of which are restricted to the EBA. In addition, distributed at elevations between 1,000 and 1,400 m, results of a complimentarity analysis with 13 other along a narrow strip, stretching from the west to the protected areas in the Annamese Lowlands EBA reveal south-east of the nature reserve. This forest type is tect Vu in the Rese Loe s EBa re dom-ninated by broadicaf trees but supports some that Vu Quang Nature Reserve does not fall-within the dominatedo byecies bro trees butocsupport some critical sub-set of sites necessary to conserve maximum Conierssac species,in ches Fodaiaeniae aond avifaunal diversity, and should not, therefore, be Cupressaceae familie, such sFknahodns. considered to be a-regional bird conservation priority Upper montane evergreen forest is distributed at (Eamesetal inprep.) elevations between 1,400 and 1,900 m on steep slopes and ridges in the south and south-west of the nature In addition to the mammal discoveries, five reserve. This forest type supports some conifers but is previously undescribed fish species have been dominated by members of the Elaeocarpaceae, discovered at Vu Quang Nature Reserve sincc 1992: Fagaceae, Lauraceae and Magnoliaceae families. At Parazacco vuquangensis, Crosscheilus vuha, 1,500 m, near the Laotian border, the forest is Pararhoedus philanthropus, P. equalitus and characterised by the presence of the conifer Keteleeria Oreoglanis libertus. Finally, two species of amphibian evelyniana. Elfin forest is distributed at elevations and 15 species of reptile recorded at Vu Quang are between 1,900 and 2,200 m in the southernmost part of listed in the Red Data Book of Vietnam (Eve 2000). the nature reserve. At these elevations, continuous cloud cover and high precipitation favour the development of forest dominated by Rhododendron, Sourcebook of Existing and Proposed Protected Areas in Vietnam Updated 20102101 Vu Quang Nature Reserve According to the draft management plan prepared Vu Quang has historical value because the by Eve (2000), a variety of human activities threaten revolutionary Phan Dinh Phung, who led a resistance the biodiversity of Vu Quang Nature Reserve. movement against the French colonial regime, Clearance of forest for agriculture and the development established a base there between 1885 and his death in of human settlements is destroying natural habitats and 1896 (Eve 2000). fragmenting forest cover at the nature reserve. According to the draft management plan prepared Concomi~tant with human enicroachment is the increase by Eve (2000), the nature reserve has three main non- of a number of other prime threats such as hunting. biodiversity values for local communities: watershed grazing of livestock and logging.* protection, non-timber forest products (particularly Hunting, often to supply the illegal wildlife trade, is medicinal plants) and fishing. the greatest direct threat to the fauna of the nature reserve. Hunting levels at Vu Quang are intensive and . - nearly every species of mamnmal and bird is potential prey for hunters. Illegal timber extraction takes place Between June 1995 and June 2000, the WWF throughout the nature reserve and logging trails can be Indochina Programme-Vu Quang Conservation found everywhere. The nature reserve meets the Project was implemented with funding from the Royal fuelwood requirements of about 6,000 households in Netherlands Embassy. Project activities during the first eight neighbouring communes. The quantity of three years included guard-station construction, road firewood removed from the nature reserve each year is upgrading and other infrastructure development, and equivalent to the clear-felling of about 428 ha of forest. socio-economic and biological research. Project Cattle can be found throughout the nature reserve at all activities during the final two years included field times of year, and are left to graze freely at all times. surveys and community development activities, Bamboo and rattan are exploited from forest areas including irrigation, infrastructure development, close to human habitation. Finally, the extraction of planting of fruit trees, apiculture, community forestry fragrant oil from Cinnanionrtnt parthenoxvlon and and community farming. By the end of the project, other tree species is an extremely destructive process over 2.000 households had been involved in project (Eve 2000). activities (Eve 2000). A further threat is the planned development of National Highway 2, the proposed route of which cuts I through Vu Quang Nature Reserve. If this road Anon. (1992) [List of plants recorded at Vu Quang development were to go ahead, it would have an Nature Reserve. Ha Tmnh province]. Unpublished irreversible impact on the nature reserve. Besides appendix to investment plan. In Vietnamese. fragmenting habitat and facilitating access to the forest, road construction may lead to human settlement close Anon. (1992) [Summary report: results of field to the core areas of the nature reserve (Eve 2000). survey at Vu Quang Nature Reserve, Huong Khe At the landscape level, Vu Quang Nature Reserve district, Ha Tinh province]. Hanoi: Forest Inventory is an important link in the Annamite Mountains, and Planning Institute. In Vietnamese. between Pu Mat Nature Reserve to the north and Anon. (1993) [Investment plan for Vu Quang Phong Nha Nature Reserve to the south. Vu Quang, Nature Reserve]. Hanoi: Forest Inventory and Planning together with Nakai-Nam Theun National Biodiversity Institute and the WWF Indochina Programme. In Conservation Area in Laos, protects the central section Vietnamese. of what is perhaps the largest remaining block of Anon. (1997) [Findings of a PRA in eight contiguous natural habitat in northern Indochina. communes In the buffer zone of Vu Quang Nature Reserve]. Hanoi: VACVINA. In Vietnamese. Sourcebook of Existing and Proposed Protected Areas in Vietnam Updated 20102101 Vu Quang Nature Reserve Anon. (1998) Four rarities out of the world's ten. Eve, R., Nguyen Viet Dung and Meijboom, M. Vietnam Cultural Window 9: 34. (1998) Vu Quang Nature Reserve: a link in the Bangkok Post (1992) Evidence of new mammal Annamite chain. Volume 2, No. 0: list of species: species found in Vietnam. Bangkok Post 29 July 1992. fauna and flora. Hanoi: WWF Indochina Programme. Cao Van Sung (undated) Vu Quang Nature Ha Tinh Provincial DARD (2000) [FPD Reserve. Unpublished reporttotheInstituteofEcology questionnaire]. Ha Tinh: Ha Tinh Provincial Reserve. UnpubgicaliReshercepo to the nstitute ofEcology Department of Agriculture and Rural Development. In and Biological Resources. Vietnamese. Clover, C. (1992) Horns lead scientists to new Herald Tribune (1992) In Vietnam's 'lost world', oryx. Newspaper article. new birds and 'forest goat'. Herald Tribune 28 July De Morgen (1992) [New discovery: the jungle 1992. goat]. De Morgen [The Moming] 18 July 1992. In Flemish. Johnsingh, A. J. T. (1995) Vietnam venture: the primordial world of Sao La and Mang. Frontline: 21 Dillon, T. C. and Wikramanayake, E. D. (1997) April 1995: 94-97. Parks, peace and progress: a forum for transboundary Kalyakin, M. V. and Korzun, L. P. (1997) conservation in Indochina. Parks 7(3): 36-51.' Omithological studies in Vu Quang Nature Reserve: Do Tuoc (1992) [Primary report on results of a final report. Unpublished report to Vietnam-Russia mammal survey at Vu Quang Nature Reserve, Huong Tropical Centre. Khe district, Ha Tinh province]. Unpublished appendix Kemp, N., Dilger, M., Burgess, N. and Chu Van to Investment plan. In Vietnamese.' Dung (1997) The Saola Pseudoryx ngherinhensis in Do Tuoc (undated) [Primary information on Giant Vietnam: new information on distribution and habitat Muntjac, a new species discovered in Nghe Tinh preferences and conservation needs. Oryx 31(1): 37- province, Vietnam]. Unpublished report to Forest 44. Inventory and Planning Institute. In Vietnamese. Lanmbert, F. R.. Eames, l. C. and Nguyen Cu (1995) Do Tuoc, Vu Van Dung, Dawson, S., Arctander, P. The habitat, status, vocalizations and breeding biology and NlacKinnon. J. ( 1994) Introduction of a new large of Blue-rumped Pitta Pitta sor-or annamnensis in central mammal species in Vietnam. Hanoi: Ministry of Vietnam. Forktail 11: 151-155. Forestry. In Vietnamese. Le Trong Trai, Richardson, W. J., Le Van Cham, Eames, J. C., Eve. R. and Tordoff, A. W. (in prep.) Tran Hieu Minh, Tran Quang Ngoc, Nguyen Van Is Vu Quang Nature Reserve, Vietnam, important for Sang, Monastyrskii, A. L. and Eames, J. C. (1999) A bird conservation? feasibility study for the establishment of Phong Dien Eames, J. C., Lambert, F. R. and Nguyen Cu (1994) (Thua Thien Hue province) and Dakrong (Quang Tri A survey of the Annamese Lowlands, Vietnatn, and its province) Nature Reserves, Vietnam. Hanoi: BirdLife implications for the conservation of Vietnamese and Interational Vietnam Programme. Imperial Pheasants Lophura hatinhensis and L. Lecup, I., Ninh Khac Ban, Boot, M. and Prins, F. imperialis. Bird Conservation International 4(4): 343- (1996) Conservation of Vu Quang Nature Reserve: a 382. review of the preparatory phase of the Vu Quang Eve, R. 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