B2_ E-235 VOL. 13 n ELECTRICITY GENERATING AUTEHORITY OF THAILAND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF KRABI THERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT AT TAMBON KHLONG KHANAN, KING AMPHOE NUA KHLONG, CHANGWAT KRABI .W.T A . ,r r llNAL u'^rru u'L 1 MAIN REPORT EGAT - INVESTMENT PROGRAM SUPPORT PROJECT (WORLD BANK PARTIAL CREDIT GUARANTEE) PREPARED BY E TEAM CONSULTING ENGINEERS CO, LTD. MAY 1997 ELECTRICITY GENERATING AUTHORITY OF THAILAND ADDENDUM TO FINAL REPORT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF KRABI THERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT JUNE 1998 XGAT- INVESTMNT PROGRAM M.SUPPORT PR.CT (WORLD BANK PARTIA.....L CREDIT GUARANTEE) Krahi Environmental Impact Assessnlent Acddendum and Update June 22, 1998 The Krabi Thermal Power Plant Project Environmental Impact Assessment was approved by OEPP in April, 1997. This attachment includes updates, clarifications and additional inforrnation concerning fhe project. The information below reflects the as built project, in which there were several changes made since the original Environmental Impact Assessment was written. Fuel Transportation: The Krabi Power Plant will use domestic or imported oil. The barge transport EIA has been submitted to the Thailand Office of Environmental Policy and Planning (OEPP). Oil would be transferred from ships to 1,000 ton barges, through an estuary (24 kin) to a dock near the power station, and then via pipeline to the power station. Preliminary analysis indicates an alternative for cost and environmental reasons may be a pipeline from an offshore ship loading facility, to an underground pipeline (16 km) along an existing road right of way to the power station. If this altemative is preferred, the Pipeline EIA would be subject to review by the bank after OEPP approval. Fuel Storage: Backup fuel (diesel and heavy stock) would be stored in aboveground tanks with environmental safeguards including: impermeable diked storage areas; grounding; high and low level alarms; and fire fighting svstems, Emergenc-y spill and firefighting plans have been developed and an accident prevention program would be instituted. Fire protection systems within the power plant area and vicinity will be designed according to National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standards. The facility Emergency Plan covers fire and explosion. A spill prevention, control and response plan will be added to the site Emergency Plan, and added to the emergency response drill routine. Hazardous Chemical Containment and Storage: All chemical storage tanks, solution tanks, and chemical feed pumps will be located on curbed concrete containment areas drained through separate chemical waste collection piping to a neutralization basin or a chemical waste collection sump. A curbed concrete area will be provided with a chemical-resistant coating suitable for the particular service. As a minimum, the combined volume of the curbed area and the associated neutralization basin or waste sump will be adequate to contain the entire volume of the largest single tank served. A spill prevention, control and response plan will be added to the site Emergency Plan, and added to the emergency response drill routine. Chlorine: The chlorination station for the condenser cooling water will be equipped with a leak detection and alarm system, wind sock, leak stemming gear and personnel protective equipment, including self contained breathing apparatus. A chlorine leakage response scenaiio wvill be added to the plant emergenicy plan. and leak- responlse drills undertaklen as pait of the emergency response drill routine. Environmental Management and Monitoring: An environmental management unit will be instituted at the power station, responsible for canying out the monitoring plan, reporting performance, and follow up with management. The environmental unit would report directly to the plant manager. The environmental monitoring plan covers the construction period as well as ongoing operations, and includes: effluent and surface water quality; noise; groundwater hydrology and quality; aquatic ecology; solid waste management; transportation; socio-economic indicators; public health; occupational health and safety and public relations. The monitoring plan includes continuous air emissions and'- ambient air quality monitoring during operations. Cooling Tower Blowdown: Cooling tower blowdown will be discharged to a holding pond with retention time of one day prior to discharge to Khlong Pakasai. The actual desizn specifications of the cooling tower have been used in conjunction with meteorological records to estimate the temperature of the blowdown at the point of discharge. The estimates have been compared to Thailand standards (3°C temperature rise) and World Bank guidelines for thermal effluent (see Table 1, Krabi Cooling Tower Blowdown). It can be seen that the blowdown would have exceeded 3°C temperature rise over surface water only once in 5 years. Furthernore, Thailand standards for thermal effluent allow for a 500 meter mixing zone in the receiving water. Therefore, cooling tower blowdown would rarely, if ever, exceed thermal effluent standards. Public Consultation: Public consultation has been an ongoing program, since publication of the environmental impact assessernnt. An update of the public consultation that has taken place since the finalization of the EIA is attached as Addendum Annex 1. Effluent, Emissions and Ambient Air Quality: Estimates and design specifications for effluent, stack emissions and anbient air quality are compared to Thailand standards and World Bank guidelines in the following three tables (Tables 2, 3 and 4). 1 TABLE 1 KRABI COOLING TOWER BLOWDOWN DESCRIPTION - : UNIT 1991 .-1 92 1993 1994 1995 - DRY BULB TEMPERATURE (AMBIENT) C 27.0 31.0 30.5 28.0 31.0 28.0 28.0 33.5 31.0 29.0 28.0 32.0 29.0 - RELATIVE HUMIDITY % 75.0 79.0 82.0 75.0 83.0 86.0 74.0 80.0 83.0 86.0 74.0 80.C' 84.0 0 - WET BULB TEMPERATURE C 23.6 28.0 28.0 24.5- 28.6 26.2 24.4 30.5 28.6 27.1 24.4 2 9. 0 26.8 - PAKASAI RIVER TEMPERATURE (PRT)(1) C 28.0 29.0 30.0 28.0 31.0 26.0 27.0 32.0 30.0 29.0 27.0 31.0 29.0 0 - COOLING TOWER BLOWDOWN TEMPERATURE C 30.0 32.5 32.5 30.5 33.0 31.5 30.5 34.0 33.0 32.0 30.5 33.5 32.0 - WATER DISCIHARGE TEMPERATURE (WDT) 2) 0C 29.0 31.5 31.5 29.5 32.0 30.5 29.5 33.0 32.0 31.0 29.5 32.5 31.0 -DIFFERENCE BETWVEEN VDTAND PRU 1C 1.0 25 1 5 1.0 4.5 2.5 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 | 1.5 2.0 NOTE (I) FROM INTAKE STRUCTURE (2) FROM HIOLDING POND TO PAKASAT RIVER (3) AT DISCHARGE OF HOLDING POND. (4) THE WDT AND DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WDT AND PRT ARE WITIIN TI-IAI STANDARD AND IBRD GUIDELINE. TIIE AT OF CALCULATED FOR OCT 1992 WAS ANTICIPATED AT T-IE DISCI-IARGE POINT. THEAT WAS EXPECTED TO REDIJCEDTO BE LOWER1'IIAN TIE STANDARD OF 3 C ATT1IE DISTANCE OF 1(0 N1. (IBRD GUIDELINE) AND 500 M. (TtIAI STANDARD) Table 2 The Effltent Quality of Kr-abi Thnermal Power Plant Compared wiitli World Bank Guii(eliines Parameters Unit Power Plant Thai Standarda World Bank Guidelines |emarkS Efflutnt (Maximiuniiii Value) (Maximlurll Valuc) ___________________ (Maxiniumn Valuc) _ -_ _ pH mg/l 6-9 5.5-9 6-9 Continuous - Neutralizatio TSS mg/l 150 50-150 50 Daily - Raw water treatmei BOD mg/I 20 20 - Daily - Wastewater Trcatrn Oil & Grease mg/l 5 5 10 Daily - Oil Separator Free Chlorine mg/I 1 1 1 Daily - Cooling Towei Out Residue Chlorine c C - 0.2 Temperature Increase mg/l < 3 < 3 Closed cycle Cooling Towv TDS mg/I TDS in river + 5,000 TDS in river + 5,000 - Effluent temp. equal to Amii Aluminum mg/l 0.5 - - water temp. Arsenic mg/l 0.25 0.25 Cadmium mg/l 0.03 0.03 Chromium mg/I 0.5 0.75 Copper 2 Note: a: Industrial Effluent Standard, Notification of Ministry of Industry No. 2 B.E. 2539 (A.D. 1996) b: Temperattire Inicrease is based oni Surface W'ater Quality Standard: Notification of National Enviroinmeint Board No. 8 B.E. 2537 (A.D. 1994) Air Pollutants Emission For Krabi Tlhermal Power Plant Prolcct (2 % S Fuel Oil) Pollutants Unit Poivel- Plant Eniissiois' j Thai Eniissionii Standards Workl Banlc Gi9 eli7) es Re marks S02 ppm 286 412 700 NOX ppm 146 232 225 TSP mg/Nm3 70 141 50d Note a,b,c the concentration of pollutants is calculated at 3% excess 02, 0°C a based on power plant specification b Notification of Ministry of Industry No. I B.E. 2540 (1997) d at the time the project was designed, the World Bank guideline (1988) was 100 mg/Nm3 Picardi 10 krbtbl .doc Table 4 Maximum Ground Level Concentration Estimates For Krabi Thermial Power Plant Pr oject Pollutants Max GLC Thai Ambient Air World Bank Guid(elilles lRezal-ks (tig/i3) QualiIty Standard (1994) (1997) SO2 - 1 hr. 90 780 80 % FGD - 24 hrs. 30 300 150 Efficienicy Annual Ave. 3 100 80 NO2- I hr. 33 320 - 24 hts. 150 - Annual Ave. 80 TSP - 24 hrs. TSP 4 PMjo 120, PMIo 150 Annual Ave. TSP 1 TSP 330 PMIo 50, TSP 80 PM10 5, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _T S P _10 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Addendum Annex 2 Public Consultation Summary of EGAT's Activities of Public Consultation Krabi Power Plant Project NoDt........S 2-7 June 1997 - Conduct socio-economic study covering affected communities. - Present project information to the affected local community including the community development program. - Communicate with the potential affected people through interactive interviewing and questionnaire. 2 26 June 1997 - EGAT Participate in the formulation of "Provincial Environmental Action Plan" which project environmental aspects and management was integrated in to the "Plan" . 3 19-20 August - EGAT 's executives and Krabi Project Manager presented 1997 the project development progress, including Fuel Oil Transportaation System and Oil Unloading Jetty for the Power Plant to the meeting of Provincial Administratives and local authorities. 4 27 November 1997 - EGAT consulted and request for approval from Talingchan Sub-district Administration Organization for construction of Fuel Oil Transportation pipeline passing through oil palm plantations. 3-9 December - Talingchan Sub-district Administration Organization agreeK- 1997 with EGAT's proposesd oil pipeline. 5 26-29 May 1998 - EGAT participate in the town meeting and inforrn the local communities of the environmental mitigation program which to be undertaken during the construction and the operation of the power plant. - Undertake public consultations through participation in the local religious ceremony. J. - ELECTRICITY GENERATING AUTHORITY OF THAILAND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF KRABI THERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT AT TAMBON KHLONG KHANAN, KING AMPHOE NUA KHLONG; CHANGWAT KRABI FINAL REPORT MAIN REPORT PREPARED BY E TEAM CONSULTING ENGINEERS CO., LTD. MAY 1997 LJ A R ISIPOrIt LLU t M2MU r ,z I s VZ %W .... LUULK'Z/ NILLUttn12IPj lrlnllla nW8nC9''' '4't LLUULW ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~ILOL/U 5.flLenGL' Q rt3tlu2 tstntJ§rttLU^JtflL111f,^ lutU(GeLLULtLXLrtL rGIrQth3 L p>Xl tofirtru1^ul1huuplltbam ii L~ LLU4tI*l~IA1~3 ~1~ 0~ ¶LTh~fLf3LI4~LUr13l bIt.:UUrtt 009 bLfliL R-.LUfleL rLLLseLItL;LutLIi1ensLn4.:Lut3Nu^:LLh LLLUnLcILntrtLLQnwl Wi nrE-IORM41 F4LUrttUtU--WC oVsz lnnURrtl fiZ unKP-tex OvSZ/b UCttZ UEtFWtV.fLLnULStt6LEbL;tllfPIQSbItiAlCLUnttU=L4 elUl%UlXLLUQ%SlLpL£LLQG; ueosutnts:snnelur?1A SULb.LLLU^UfLUt4CT lArewl:s8rLLU;rleLXL^u;ucetrtutt:uesLtGnL rtPesnWt9nHll-.t§n M. L~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~P flWf!LGflBht4LL¶LL&SU U UA tLL4SALI6LU t IAL0'LLLU^ IM3GILtr LtLi C1 ~GLtLS ;11 UUlI¶3UlbH 3L"LUrW¶Gl tLU Un¶VLQUSbtULLArGAc'IN 0LRI11¶nL4Ul8UI4lItC:UUr 91Z009 LLXUL rlUfGtL nUUltg>,l ~lU"llLUCLFL4lL 1tS,tLLZ UbL 4 -.~~~~~~~~~~ t 1LUft1lUQS LtS1U LLU Ci3Lt lLtbhLU UUMn 009 IULflfl.UUtLU¶ LotpUMLLULLInj OL9Z 0tfLULttbm L 00tOL hIAUl4ttU 9 MUtZL?SflflU 1 L,nMIMUMUO st;tunzAssLncstLLuLtuz¶ 9 *x £ 8 ' /ZO90 LL U ........ lt.L O~2L~M ............... - - 88'.' '"''-> .......... . .......u nU;2' a ^g,;swn M ;' ;z p s ib &A, 0 ;I -c -M ;a C, C- m is (a C c- C- C ra C C ;p 7 -:!3 r, r 3-A -42 im 0 M j C ;I P X: (F I" II" Zf r- =1 c- t(F C, C- W. -7 v- =:: aff: :[ r la r, -IM ;I 5 -7 Is JNM W. c- ;4 C -41G 6 c- rx Ca G- G W:c -x ;r 4x: IS aj Ca c- c- Go 46- bG -;3 ts 84 ;t C- 34 -7 _P Ca t, (P m al VM ;z tr. C M Ca ta GD am ;' ;a C- C;) JIM C- 5: bM s 7 sm CC. C sa 4;t r, 4- Go c- ga r -7 am C 'CM (F Go IR -4t& ( ;I ;, .AG c- 'ttm ;t q Ca Z -7 C =S ;I -4tc M C- is, C- (C Q ;t IM 0 Ga 34 a aj =2 4G 6- tc C- 1 W. go to -'P =2 M 9 6- C- r- C- M M cli a a a c- S: 34 C C- M c- X- S: C- C ab ;4 P C- M Ca M r- -7 it co c- tG ai x- ;t r. C C' C', -7 % fiq -7 f, (a C _-7 to SZ M C a 4;1 ib 110 cli C- C, =S (F O_ r- 6- c- M qM c- (F C M ;;f 4:z ica c- la (F - rzr r, 74 M GS 0 r C P b);I v. C' cli W. C c-;x _115: r -X 6 (_ C- rw 0 cli r v ;a c cr, cr. JNG g 00 M C C- C- czz C cr. (F =2 ;; 0) cli )C -IC Co - ;I CJ CID -1 C, c- -1 cr. -7 5: c 6- cc. 131 P G -.711 la C, C it C, aa ;I C- =2 co =S co -as im cn c- C C: r. NX -7 bo r- C'i 7 C- ta 44 X (ea C- C'i r-- CC. C, C- P CD cm :r. :2 =2 al r -7 cr. ii IG vv- V. CM 7 C., -1;f rp - ZE 6- - ;I W, M &_ ;M -7 ;' o r (I CC. U Q cr. IC G ri. M =2 L4UL% tan!aneQ tim6nau rtu. uRLL L4UL% tGn1lnGl t WQZnQU WtU tLRSLrLRALtLQftQrRQLtUosUltWL R&WrLLrQuLU 00011 lutnnlam% QtLUsWLGuIL 9 rtLULInLU.MS6l1 1MUnPI-LshhnI Eg u%APl LL UsL^'QA.LM1OQL ll_ULOUI.-It Lt lt5P fLU SL4,LL 9M INL0409.Q RUt WA I t'Q UQhWQWLQt'Ul SWNL SLLUtLW rtVLJhQkt,rtLA-LLU'-M NLLL1L-fLunLtfL~t LUL nsautn qrmm=; aunnl.nnL mun.,m F.9ts PI .._._......... . _... .._. _.._...___ ................ .. .. .__..aC) .. . ........... _ . __ ...... *_....... -_- -_--_- -----_---- -- -_---------- U) ~~~~~~~~~...... ............. __._ ........... ..._. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~....... ................ _...._ ...__...... ... n 2,~~~~~~, _~~~~~~~~~~~~b _ _ _ __ _ _ ____ -__Q__-L1 E1 Lru1WiL LULLzuU( )t I l*~~~~~~~~~~~a~.% %U of' 16 L rO b emr = *== ...******* ..fl... _..... _.... ._ _ .___ _ _ _.. Iuu 1nBltr.1 OtXEtB nt. L4ft.fl tIDIbllWCALULXUL#U:I11rw)1M W IJTLLUvMU~L1 tB t:LLUInl,rLbWrLWhLbnLWIIJLG 'I S ^ _ I #I ~LRUrUUrGLtnLCtQ:LtIUXUgrnnI P ,2r.; rtrtn (5,1tt&tmu (aL.nQLOfLlt) X S /~~~~~~~~~ttntt iiWC,,Rll,snsL9Wt V;g / -J LRrtl3613i ,nLIt' LAM.Lrt13 LtUtttStLULI!T &Wnui~~ ~ ~ ~ nnLU-P >P n nWtnQ F. L@-LU tMM tlo-p- QUL U LOtL1 0 -- -- -4 . WLGhDLU U>iStiiL9HN#LL LUd 1tLRL llr QU 1§U4fi CtQUA4QtUi QtlLQt0 - ttULtsruppws nal tirrt rtIt t AQI a!i L1L(p M>l tllQ 1 g 1t QL rts(run ut LbitARLFL L rtLQR2U5iF iCL) ll,15rU 14 .ilJ f 4 OtSZ LLiURlMv O£ 0£1L r1O2Q CL,SNIL ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * A... .> ..... * E * 8 b~~~~~LNG SUAN s RANtGt . TH2N 'I1J~~~~ 2.7- ER I w RAIJAP U!HA/DAU ERUOUTERN ARE 2-12! UN |eRATOT I R g ~ ~ ~~~~~~A \ RCC-3 v\\ \ 7 A \\\~~~SO"GHL SA <;3 @ : * . ' 2 ~~~~~~~~YALA I ;> vi t; * ~~~~~~YALA 2 t-b>NR+ 0 C) ,:2 r,_|^fWN UI A KOLOK O C) * .F __"t"_ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a sumN SAIIT ] v pa.-7-i TE_ : FlGU RE 2.7-1 :MAP OF ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM IN THE SOUTHERN AREA 2-12 2.8.2 Fuel Characteristic HIGHER HEATING VALUE, KCAL/KG 10175 SULFUR, % WT. 2.00 HYDROGEN, % WT. 10.50 CARBON, % WT. 8'.40 NITROGEN, % WT. 0.40 OXYGEN, % WT. 1.50 ASH, % WT. 0.10 MOISTURE, % WT. 0.10 ASPHALTENE, % WT. 3 VANADIUM, PPM 25 NICKEL, PPM 10 DENSITY, KG/M3 950 SEDIMENT AND WATER, % VOL. 1.0 AVERAGE SPECIFIC GRAVITY 0.95 API GRAVITY 12 The fuel to be used for Krabi Thermal Power Plant is fuel type 1 and 2 according to the notification of Ministry of Commerce edition No.1 (1994) and the sulfur content must not exceed 2%, dated January 1, 1998. 2.8.3 Fuel Transportation and Storage The Krabi Thermal Power Plant Unit 1 and Unit 2 will obtain oil from domestic oil refinery and/or from neighbouring countries. Oil transportation by oil vessel directly to the power plant will be more appropriate than sending oil through pipeline since the cost for construction of the pipeline will be much higher. Moreover, according to the preliminary study for the pipeline construction, it was found that a part of the pipeline has to be pass through mangrove forest. Therefore, EGAT has considered oil transportation by vessel. The oil vessel will follow Khlong Siboya channel and dock at the river mouth to transfer oil to the storage tanks near the terminal. Then barge will transport oil along Khlong Siboya and Khlong Pakasai to Krabi Thermal Power Plant. The total distance is about 23 Kilometres (see Figure 2.2- 1). The EIA of oil terminal will be prepared separately and to be submitted to OEPP and the Habour Department for approval. 2-13 ENViiOs, HD.rS1AIN-E CHAP2.D0C FR 2.8.4 Backup Fuel T.h.e bacP.up fiue! fnr this nrnipret consists of 4 tanks with 30 m of diameter and 10 million litre of capacity per each tank and 2 diesel tanks with the capacity of 1 and 2 million litre. The environmental impact was considered for the design of tank and storage area with the following necessary structure and equipment (see plotplan in Figure 2.8- 1). (1) Dike Dike was designed to be a steel concrete with 1.50 m of height and can be used to contain at least 1/4 of total volume in the tank. (2) Oil Separator This unit was designed to separate contaminated oil from water prior to discharge to public drainage system. (3) Fire Fighting System (a) Water Spray Tne water spray system was designed to 'u ista-led at -uie -top edge of tank, in case of fire, water will be sprayed around the tank to keep the low temperature of fuel in tank. (b) Foam House Foam house was designed to install the pipe which can inject foam into the tank in case of an accident in order to cover the top layer to prevent the combustion. (c) Fire Hydrant Fire hydrant was designed to be provided around the storage tank and to be installed at the distance not less than 90 metre. In addition, the pressure and water volume must be sufficient. (4) Set up the plan and accidental prevention program as follows: (a) To design the street around the storage tank to indicate and separate the zone which will be benefit to access for fire fighting. (b) Adequate light should be provided for the security. (c) Provide the security guard which must be ready for fire fighting. (d) Equipments must be regulary maintained to be ready to be used. ENVIO18.HD MAIN-EXCHAP.DOC FR 2-14 rLAN_ SECllDN A - A . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~, ~~~~~~~~sc.d *e .. . ~~~ ~[ .. ... . .. -- - -- - - ~~~~~~DTIL 'A'v. C~ V I ,. to , . _ . _ _I.. XiC101 C : 8 00A 230 l9 _ 4!"''.§. FIGURE 2. 8 - I LAYOUT OF BACK UP FUEL STORAGE '-Flu 2. - I: In"a~u:u^4anssSnamsan: I FIGURE 2.8 - 21:11A1OUT OF il,4*UP FUEL STORAGE it (e) The leakage must be regulary inspected and maintained. (' Oil fi!ter r..ust be cleaned un and manage. (g) To prevent the spark light, and all the equipments which can lead the spark light must be prohibited or forbidden in the storage area. (h) Provide the inspection and the prepareness for the safety. In addition, the fuel oil for the power plant must be qualified according to the certification of Ministry of Commerce dated March 21, 1994 (see Appendix A the additional document dated November 26, 1996). 2.9 WATER SUPPLY 2.9.1 Water Demand and Raw Water Sources During the Krabi Tnermal Power Plant operation, 4,485-5,8 c . of water will be utilized daily for steam production, SO2 removal and domestic consumption. The main sources of raw water for the above purposes are the two existing EGAT's reservoirs with capacity of 0.4 and 3.2 MCM. Another main type of water consumption is make up water for cooling system at the maximum rate of 98,496 cu.m./day. The intended source of water is Khlong Pakasai. The overall water demand for power plant is shown in Figure 2.9-1. 2.9.2 Raw Water Treatment The raw water from EGAT's reservoir will be pretreated to adjust the water quality to suit the power plant's need. The general pretreatment process include filtration, clarification and demineralization. ENVIO18 HD MAIN-E'CHAP2.DOC FR 2-16 Drift Evaporation . Fkw are inr cbk metres re day 1 34 32,832 2 Based on two 30D W and 9 i fuel o8l. s 2S Makeutp for Cooling System 98,496 mtId .|3,2 from Pakasal River Cooling Tower Otowdrr ' E i; 5 > Soid Waste trsposai R.es Water ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Ttri.k.ene by Landfill Raw ttesersoh 16? bl Ftoe Figting 20sle 1 4ee IOD r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ewage 2.884 - toFGD FPint Elevated 213 Solrds ] 2.898 le Ar etr i Wt r | 85 tr ,wen Chtorine_ b) t tkUedWaterl 59 L115 - - alet t'an 2,4 B0@ Seprao Pon R ier i I-e ;*O Water 55W e~ ~~~~~ Sturtge a n ]j e Pi qien SeparatorRerWate Ar'- -- Thkkenot L~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Drains :Th. ftck~~~~~.h titter ~ ~ ~ ~ Wte Prs 5,,i 2.9-1: PsntiKianxTtilit9 uu,^nx, ,3xk,Qsa:{,M5,,4 c,iuns:d a >-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ . J-- 10 _________ ~~~~~~~~~~188 2.560 Oeisrtialo 160 terrtztor-__________ Solid Waste Disposal 0 by Landfill ISO 2,456 tt~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~emineealized Ceia tar~~ Usned Backwash Water Storage CleaemnIng 2.400 2tAf 2.9-1 I XA1r3J8An: 4FIGUORE 2.9-I: WATER QUANTITY REQUIREMENT IN VARIOUS SYSTEM OF KRABI THERMAL POWER PLANTr 2.10 COOLING SYSTEM The cooling syvtem for Krabi Thermal Power Plant will be the cooling Tower with rectangular. mechanical draft, counter flow which will dissipate the heat from condenser. The cooling system will comprise the following: (1) Closed cycle cooling water pumps. (2) Closed cycle cooling water storage tank. (3) Closed cycle cooling water heat exchangers. The cooling tower blow down with the temperature of about 35°C of approximately 65,000 m3/d would be drained into the retention pond with the capacity of 69,000 m3/d an kept for one day, then the temperature will be reduced to be about 320C prior to discharge to Khlong Pakasai. 2.11 WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM Tne wastewater from th-e power p'art wi I Uei retention pond and treated to meet the effluent standard. The volume of wastewater can be separated according to the sources as follow: - Sewage Treatment/Thickener 95 cu.m./day - Air Heater Wash Pond/Waste Water Treatment 105 cu.m./day - Cooling Tower Blowdown 65,630 cu.m./day - Neutralization Basin 188 cu.m./day The sewage treatinent system will be treated by package sewage treatment by extended aeration process, induce sedimentation and inject with chlorine before discharging into wastewater holding pond 69,000 cu.m. capacity for 1 day to be neutralized prior to draining into Khlong Pakasai. ENV'1018HD,MAIN-E!CHAP2.D0C FR 2-18 2.12 EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM (1) Sulfur Dioxide Flue Gas Desulfurization system of Krabi Thermal Power Plant is Wet Limestone Process with 80% efficiency of SO2 removal. Limestone (CaCO3) will be ij.-ed to ahsorh S.O reviiltino in 9,vnurnm 1SO(r.C). 71C s hv nroduct. ____~~~ - - - -----c --__r-x--wo- Flue Gas Desulfurization system can be divided into 3 sub-systems as follows: - Slurry Preparation System - SO2 Absorber System - Gypsum Dewatering System The operation of Flue Gas Desulfurization system can be summarized as following (Figure 2.12-1). The flue gas emitted from Boiler will be passed to SO2 Absorber tower. The flue gas will be mixed with limestone slurry ejected from internal injection. Absorber will absorb SO2, SO3, and Chloride compound. Oxidation Air from the base of absorber will activate the reaction of changing CaCO3 into Gypsum as in the following equation: CaCO3 + SO2 + H20 --> CaCO3 * H20 + CO2 CaSO3 *-H20 + 0 02 + 3 H20 -> CaSO4. 2H2 0 Desulfurized flue gas will pass through the mist eliminator before going out from absorber to the atmosphere through stack. Crystallized gypsum resulted from the reaction mixing with solvent at the basement of the absorber will be sent to gypsum dewatering system to be dried prior to being disposed in the ash disposal area of the power plant or used as construction material. ENV I8HD,MA1N-E CHAP2'DWC FR 2-19 Flue Gas Desulfurization Process Flow Diagram Process water Limestone Process Waste water to treatment plant Booster Fan Mist Eliminator Hydrocyclone Flue gas to stack ] Flue gas from boiler j r L>- -- ------ }I . I _ _ L1 . * I to , Vacuum belt filter Gypsum Scrubber ___\ Limestone Silo Oxidation air f Vacuunm plant Feed tank - g1 2.12 - I : s:uu 4ns 8Sn 1,!lesliasnilc I AEAM FIGURE 2.12- I FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION SYSTEM IiEi The technical data for Flue Gas Desulfurization system of Krabi thermal power plant unit 1 and unit 2 comprise:- Fuel Oil Sulfur 2-3.5 % SO2 Removal Efficiency 80 % Lime,ernne Con<}mnftion 8.6-15 T/H Process Water Consumption 62.5-120 T/H By Product (Gypsum) 16.25-28 T/H FGD System will utilize limestone from Khao Kaeo quarry located in King Amphoe Nua Khlong, Changwat Krabi with the rate of 210-360 tonnes/day. The limestone will be grinded within the power plant. The grinded limestone will be unloaded from truck to Hopper and to Grizzly Bar via Reciprocating Feeder. From the grizzly bar the limestone will be secondary grinded to be smaller than 10 mm by Jaw Crusher and will be conveyed to the proposed area in the power plant. For the grinded limestones with the size bigger than 10 mm which can not pass through the sieve, will be grinded via Cone Crusher in order to be less than 10 mm and will be conveyed to the proposed area. These grinded limestone in the storage area will be further feeded to FGD system. EGAT has to apply for a mining concession from the Department of Mineral Resources and the EIA of the limestone mining will be prepared separately. (2) Nitrogenoxide New type of boiler was proposed to be used for this project and can control the low NOx emission by means of low NOx burner fuel injection. In addition, the boiler is designed to use flue gas recirculation which can reduce the flame temperature in combustion zone and NOx from this combustion will be decreased. (3) TSP Wet Sulfur dioxide control system will be installed for this power plant, the process off limestone water injection to react with heat gases from boiler can absorb SO2 and the TSP can be reduced about 60-70% during this process. ENVIO18IHDNMAIN-E CHAI.DOC FR 2-21 2.13 EMISSION DATA OF TIHE KRABI THERMAL POWER PLANTT A.m -ur.t o-Cf fuiel (tnnhniir) 65.042 Sulfur (S) in the fuel (%) 2 Stack Height (metre) 150 Stack Diameter (metre) 4 Maximum Flue Gas Velocity in the Top of the Stack (M/S) 20.7 (1300C) Flue Gas Stack Exit Temperature (°C) - Before pass FGD 130 - Pass FGD 80 Actual Flow Rate (m3/s) 260 (130°C) Emission (Gram/Second) - SO2 (before pass FGD) 722 - Su2 (after pass FGD 807% eficienMy) 145 - NOx 53 - Particulate 18 Emission Concentration (ppmvd) calculated at 02 7%, 25°C, 1 atmosphere, dry. -502 224 - NOx 114 - Particulate (mg/m3) 73 Standard Value - SO2 320 - NOx 180 - Particulates 120 ENVIOIS.HD. MAIN-E:CHAP.DOC FR 2-22 2.14 NOISE POLLUTION During the construction period, the noise levels in the immediate vicinity to the power plant will be increased due to the operation of heavy equipment. At the noise source, it is expected that noise level will be about 75-140 dB(A). Concerning the oneration neriod noise sources will include Stenm Gtenerator. numns- etc. In addition. the pre-commissioning activities prior to operation will also generate noise. However, high noise level will occur only in a short period of time (about 3-5 minute only). According to ANSI B. 133.8-1977 standard, the noise emission standard within the power plant will be as follow: - 85 dB(A) at 1 m. from the noise source - 54 dB(A) at 122 m. from the noise source. 2.15 HEAT GENERATION (1) Flue gas stack emission - Min. flue gas stack exit temperature 80 °C - Flue gas exit velocity at the top of the stack 28 m/s - Flue gas flow approx. 450 m3/s (2) Cooling Water from Cooling Tower - CT blowdown 65,630 m3/day - Outlet water temperature 35 °C 2.16 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Ash and gypsum will be generated from the power plant unit 1 and 2 operation at the rate of 390-670 ton/day (25% moisture, 2-3.5% sulfur content). This by-product will be transported by 11 ton truck and dumped into 10 MCM pits within EGAT's premise (Figure 3.3-4). The provided area can hold ash and gypsum for 25 years of operating life of the power plant, since the total volume of gypsum will be only about 6.1 MCM. EN% lOi8.HDMAIN-E.CHAP2.D0C R 2-23 The solid waste from the production process and wastewater treatment plant will be also disposcd + .U ,ne . The used resin o! be sen,t back to th.e s lier a designated in the contract. If necessary, it can be buried in the area in accordance with the regulations on waste landfill of the Ministry of Industry. For the waste oil, it will be mixed with fuel to be used in the power plant. The volume of domestic waste of 125 kg/d will be collected and managed by Nua Khlong Municipality. 2.17 POWER SUPPLY The construction activities of the power plant will require electricity about 3 MW. 2.18 DRAINAGE The power plant location is on the relatively high ground, therefore, flooding around the site is not expected. Rainwater will be collected in the storm drain and empty to Khlong Pakasai. 2.19 DESIGN OF BASEMENT AND BUILDINGS Design of concrete basement and buildings is in accordance with American Concrete Institute (ACI). The steel work is in accordance with American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC). Thailand Industrial Standard (TIS) is also applied. The design is supposed to bear the earthquake intensity between V-VI Mercalli according to UBC (Uniform Building Code) Zone 1. 2-24 ENV 1018, HD!MAIN-E CHAP2 .DOC FR 2.20 TRANSPORTATION During construction period, there will be 724 workforces and alnost of them will stay at the camp site and nearby. Therefore the increasing traffic will be the activities of equipment and raw materials transportation. The increased traffic volume on rhighway No. annd accpess road to.Krabi Thermal Powver Plant durirng connruction period is expected to be about 20 trips/day. In general, the existing condition of traffic volume was 4,253 vehicles/day on Highway No.4, thus the traffic volume during construction will be increased approximately 0.47% of existing condition. The period of construction will be about 35 months. Concerning the operation period, the estimated traffics are as follows: - Limestone transportation from Khao Kaeo, King Amphoe Nua Khlong, Changwat Krabi, approximately 15 km on the northwest direction of the power plant. Khao Kaeo is single mountain surrounded by a plain. The total area of Khao Kaeo is 125 rai with 5.5 cu.m. of limestone. The 11 ton dump truck will be used for transportating the limestone about 19-33 trips/day via Highway No.4036 (Figure 2.2-1). - Fuel transportation from Khlong Siboya to the power plant via Khlong Pakasai by using 1,000 ton barge about 4 trips/day. 2.21 INlRASTRUCTURE During the implementation stage of Krabi Thermal Power Plant, the existing infrastructure with and around EGAT premises will be utilized, e.g., 2 reservoir, road system. etc. During the construction period,. up grading works will be executed especially the lateritic road connecting highway No. 4036 to the power plant. 2-25 EN%-1018,HDiMAIN-E CHAP2.D0C FR 2.22 PROVISION OF GREEN AREA Green aea was design.ed to b locatred in th.e west dLrection of project site with the area of 70 rai or approximately 16% of total project area (see details in plot plan in Figure 2.22-1). The green areas of previous Krabi power plant were not included for the above value, these areas consist of entertainment, park, rubber plant area, paln oil plant area and etc. 2.23 SAFETY PLANS 2.23.1 Fire Prevention and Control Plans 2.23.1.1 Fire Prevention Plan Fire protection system within the power plant area and vicinity wiii be designed according to NFPA Standard (National Fire Protection Association) as follows: Area to be Protected Type of Equipment - Power plant premises and - Fire hydrants and hose houses associated facilities - Within the buildings - Portable fire extinguishers, hose stations and fixed water/CO2 suppression systems. - Control room - Portable fire extinguishers and preaction sprinkler system. - Cable room , - Wet pipe sprinkler system - Generators -Foam water spray system - Lubricating system -Foam water spray system 2-26 ENVlO8i/HD!MAIN-EXCHAP2.DOC FR ( sumnOWAYM AMA .C- v X- may -) t)@ iW ' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~LUAA ST!4 ; LZ @-1'_x aVOUWALWION TA @ mouUUATIONTArN~,ew,T _@ ea s-9^ ;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~) ?OSISUNGDL . }nsnU0011 8e i ll E @~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Amww~vw o --LATUS3 WX,! St5 , lAwpgRt m,. _. _0 TO M AIeM0 . n~ ~~___ 5 L8w LWON SU\LSOLE - ------ nAsrrPVlLOlLVVE%MTA- no WA?=~~~~~ sowMAmcAI u0*0 X | _ _ _ _ | | _ f(~11 1 \ m EXISTING ARE VULM0. nnnnn rzm~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~fl.a.ins,o.W.T r(= 40 ~~~~~~~~~~~~SCALE IFXISTING AREA Q;REEN iAREA ,ijA 2.22-I: u;n v FIGURE 2.22 - I LAYOUT OF GREEN AREA 2.23.1.2 Fire Control Plan \A;~~~I -t^Ao; rk;+'; 11 Upf I wr 'A 'r, IvIaull WaUl1la Cs 1V; 1iL LI-11LU1ip, SIL1V 'Ll%:a WilI U%, IlVIlI reservoirs. The water pump will be used with stand by diesel pump. 2.23.2 Emergency Plan for Oil Leakage 2.33.2.1 Emergency Notification The person who observes or comes across the emergency situation have to act as follows: (1) Contact control center of emergency cases and security guard to inform the details about - Characteristic of the oil leakage - Oil leakage site - Name of the person who observes or comes across the incident. (2) The rnntrm] sentgr 2nd -crnritv Uinit inform thi- detnils ahout the sittiation to designated emergency staff or security unit chief s assistant. (3) The chief of emergency staff or chief's assistant announce through the intercom system to the designail oil spill control staff to rush to the oil spill site. (4) Chief of oil spill control unit use his judgement in controlling the situation and contact with the control center of emergency at all the time. The oil spill control staff have to prepare equipment to be ready for operation during stand by for their chief's command. (5) First aid and life saver team has to be ready for operation according to the chief emergency staffs command. (6) Support team rush to important sites such as the electrical cut-out point, gases or chemicals sites to be ready for the chief of emergency staff's command. (7) The responsibilities of the safeguard unit is in accordance with the emergency plan for emergency case. (8) After the emergency case, investigations has to be made on the causes of the emergency and loss. Preventive measures should be adapted and improved. ENV1018,HD,%MAIN-E,CHAP2.DOC FR 2-28 2.23.2.2 Action Plan for Oil Leakage The preparation of action plan for oil leakage should cover the following information: (1) Number of equipment to be used for emergency case of oil leakage. (2) Nul,mber of operating pero"" such as - Permanent staff for oil film elimination - Stand by staff for oil elimination - Rescue team (3) Name and telephone number of concerned personnel (4) Control center (5) Training and test (6) Drills in emergency situation with provision of - Objective - Scenario for drill - Concerned personnel - Evaluation of the drill (7) Cooperation with other organization (8) Procedure to handle oil leakage (9) Duty and responsibility of concerned personnel: - During office hours - Outside office hours - Authorized personnel - Security Unit - Operation staff - First aid staff (10) Control centre room (CCR) After being informed about oil leakage CCR should:- - Inform the authorized staff - Inform all staff by whistle signal or Talk Back. - Co-operate with other emergency teams. 2-29 ENN'1018"HDIMAIN-ECHAP2.DOC FR 2.23.2.3 Oil Spill Equipment Oil spi!! equipments in ca of oi 1eakae i.nt thc asnest Of (1) Main Boom with floating bells to enclose oil spill area. (2) Roller for pulling Boom to make Main Boom Slide into the water. (3) Skiimmer with hydrolic line and oil suction tube. (4) Floating oil spill container and on-shore type to keep the oil pumped up by the skimmer. (5) Boom and equipment warehouse. (6) Oil dispersant (7) Oil dispersant spray (8) Work boat to pull Main Boom or to transport equipments for oil spill control. More detailed will be presented in the EIA for Oil Terminal of the Krabi thermal power plant which will be prepared later. 2.24 EMERGENCY PLAN The emergency plan is described and presented in Appendix A. 2.25 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL FOR THE EMERGENCY CASES 2.25.1 In Case the Flue Gas Desulfurization System breaks down during operation Measures: Stop operating of the power plant unit which the FGD breaks down immediately to check up and repair the FGD system. ENV1018:HDIMAIN-E!CHAP2.DOC FR 2-30 Plan: Signal of FGD breaking down shown Operator Check Stop Operation at the Operation Control Room __X Signal of over standard condition Coimmand for Stopping the of CEMS operation of the Power Plant Monitoring Station around Plant Superintendent the Power Plant Command Duration: The operation of the power plant will be stopped within 10 minutes after the signal of FGD break down is shown Stopping the operation of the thermal power plant with FGD system can be done immediately since there is enough Reserved Margin in the system. In the year 2000 the Krabi thermal power plant unit 1 will start operating with the Reserved Margin of about 22% (3,865 MW) and the Reserved Margin will increase to 26% (5,210 MW) later. There will be 2 units of power plant, stopping operation of one 300 MW unit would not affect the total national electricity demand. 2.25.2 In Case the Flue Gas Desulfurization System breaks down but it is necessary to continue operation of the power plant Measures: - Use diesel with oil - Reduce power generation 2-31 ENV1018 HD MAIN-E.CHAP2.D0C FR Plan CEMS System Operator Plant Superintendent Command Monitoring Station around Report the power plant - Reduce Oil Injection -Open Diesel Injector (For Start Up) Operator Operates | - Adjust Oil Composition - Reduce power generation to appropriate level Duration: Oil composition adjustment will be within 15 minutes after Plan Superintendent's Command. - There would be 2 million litres of reserved diesel to start up the furnace. - Composition of oil designed for 300 MW requires 70% of oil and 30% of diesel. The composition will be checked by CEMS system if the value of sulfur emission is over the national standard the power generation has to be reduced by reduction of oil until the value meets with the standard. - The Krabi power plant will use Drum Type Boiler which is possible to adjust power generation in a wide range and operate at the lowest power generation of 90 MW/unit. 2-32 ENVIOIS HD'MAIN-E.CHAP2.DOC FR 2.26 PUBLIC RELATION PLAN The Krabi thermal power plant project is one project in development plan for increasing electricity productivity for Thailand. This project is to be developed in place of the old Krabi power plant which has already expired. This new power plant will be the main power plant in South region -of Thailand. 't would affect ,-opie directly and indirectly. Thus, EGAT has planned to disseminate information about the project by co-operating with related agencies such as Krabi provincial offices and private sectors in order to make public, understand, accept, assist and co-operate with the project and to create good image of EGAT's operation. For public relation program, EGAT has established a working group and has planned as following: (1) Establish public relation working group to conduct public relation program by co-operating with related department within EGAT and external agencies. (2) Establish public relation office within project area to administrate public relation works according to the plan. (3) Designate target groups comprising local people, general public and EGAT staff in southern region. (4) Set up public relation team to meet and explain the target groups about job opportunity, compensate plan and environmental impacts. (5) Produce public relation media. (6) Conduct public relation program continuously by publicity system in dissemination and using of local media. EGAT has planned to disseminate the information about project from 1996 until the end of the project for totally 7 years by preparation of monthly report and evaluating the public relation program every 6 months to analyse and adjust the plan suit the current situation. ENV 1018;HDMAIN-ECHAP2DOC FR 2-33 2.27 ENTVWRONMNf ENTTAL ECONOMIC ANALYSIS tUV L II CoSt Vof f * V-tv-''' - FGD 2,836.16 MB - Wastewater treatment system and cooling tower 69.36 MB Total 2,905.52 MB Cost for environmental protection is 16.5 % of project cost The project cost 17,650.49 MB (power plant and transmission system) (2) Result of Economic and Financial Consideration Result of economic and financial consideration of the Krabi Thermal power plant unit 1 and unit 2 are as following: Economic Financial (a) Cost of electricity production 1.17 1.36 (Baht/unit) (b) Rate of Returnm() 13.34 8.71 (c) Net profit (MB) 2,973.70 -1,086.04 The cost has included investment costs, operation cost and maintenance cost for environmental protection to be within the national standard. The unit cost for this purpose is 0.11 baht per unit. ENNV1018HDNMAIN-E:CHAP2 DOC FR 2-34 CHA-TFER 3 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE 3.1 INTRODUCTION The objectives of Environmental Impact Assessment of Krabi Power Plant are to study about the existing environment and to collect data for analyzing and assessment of expected positive and adverse environmental impacts on the during construction and operation periods of the project. The activities include collecting secondary data from related government offices, e.g., technical documents and reports, to conducting field surveys for primary data according to the approved methodology for each environmental resources. 3.2 TOPOGRAPHY 3.2.1 Introduction Although Krabi Thermal Power Plant project is to be developed within EGAT's premise and there should not have any additional impact on the existing topography, it is still necessary to conduct a detailed study on the topography so as to be used as baseline data for other related environmental parameters such as drainage, and flood control, etc. 3.2.2 Study Methodology The topography study of the project area and its vicinity was conducted by using 1:50,000 topographical map of Royal Thai Survey Department and verification by field surveys (Figure 3.2-1). 3-1 ENV1018/HD/MAIN-E/CHAP3 FR O' KNZ -!t(21 g I; we -F,., ge ft.'4. e. r .4 mq RIIIIII, PML QUM SCALJ! -.Ps- Ulu oan tni ir F'OWER P MAP It 44 A, vity J,' F,1 AL" ------ I-PT 900AM a 8.2.1 : gavA I: 50000 w4' W vAmnis TrAm VI FtOURE &s.1 : I : 50060 MAP Of - THE PitOJECT SITE 3=23 Results of the Study The general topography of the study area is a flood plain near Pakasai river with 1-2 degree of slope from the north to the east. There are a stripe of low hills. Most of the area which is not under influence of brine water is covered with Para rubber and Palm plantation. The area under the influence of brackish water is mangrove consisting of Rhizophora sp., Avicennia sp. and Lumnitzera sp. The project area and its vicinity are used to be a coal mine. The topography has been very much changed from the original state. There are 3 big mines pits in the northern part of the area. To the south of the project area, there is a 10-40 m. high overburden deposit. The exact project site is relatively flat at 3-5 metres from mean sea level. The project site can be divided into 2 parts with about 1-1.5 metres difference in altitude. The eastern lower part is covered with perennial trees and undergrowth. The western part is now used as EGAT staff housing area and machinery maintenance shop. 3.3 GEOLOGY/SEISMOLOGY 3.3.1 Introduction The studies of geology and mineral resources are carried out in order to delineate soil and rock deposits in the area of study and adjacent area as well as mineral resources. The magnitude of seismology is also studied and its effect to the project area is evaluated. 3.3.2 Study Methodology Geological and seismic information is collected from the Department of Mineral Resources and the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand. Furthermore, site investigation is also carried out in the project area and the adjacent area in January 1996. The information for analysis consists of: 3-3 ENV1018/HD/MAIN-E/CHAP3 FR - Surface and subsurface- geology at the location of Krabi thermal power plant. - Geological map of the study area and the adjacent area. 3.3.3 Results of the Study 3.3.3.1 Geology The topographic features of the study area within 5 km. radius from the Krabi thermal power plant is plain landform. The plain consists of Tertiary deposits and Quaternary deposits (Figure 3.3-1). (1) Tertiary Deposits The Tertiary deposits have been found almost in the area of study. However, some parts concealed under the younger sediments. The surface elevation ranges from 10-20 metres above MSL. The Tertiary rock in the area are shale, calcareous shale, sandstone, siltstone and limestone with gastropods, fossil leaves and lignite, oil shale and gypsum (Table 3.3-1). (2) Quaternary Deposits According to a recent geological map from the DMR, the Quaternary deposit in the study area consisted of the colluvial and alluvial deposits. These sediments are unconsolidated to semi-consolidated and are fluviatile and estuarine in origin. The description of the formations can be summarized as follows: (a) Colluvial Deposits (Q1) The colluvium is rock fragments and weathering rock in place which usually occur towards the base of the slopes. It consists of poorly sorted clay, sand, gravel and boulder. They have been found in the north and the south of the study area. ENV1O18/HMIMAIN-E/CHAP3 FR j~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~* 01 C-,,,,.,, 0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.anL -,., - t*I..s.-.^ 1 / Wii.@ i~ ~ ~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~~~ ~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~ ~~ .,.t,,. Sa,n' ." , nSI. _ '.'- t..- ' Xnn d - Xt.., tnh a H~~~~~~~~~~~- * *-'~ .. ER 00 PHC ll4Ot ?HMIT : I~~~~I 4U mAo 5Im PIUE S- IEOWOIC-AL MAPAROU4O PUJECr AREA TABLE 3.3-1 SUMMARY OF STRATIGRAPHIC UNIT OF KRABI MAIN BASIN Rock Unit Rock Description Age Zone "C" Claystone (Shale ?) gray to brownish gray and reddish brown mottling. Younger stiff to hard, silty and sandy, calcareous with shell fossil, interbedded with white to greenish grey sandstone and thin layers lignite Interzone Claystone (Shale ?) gray to greenish grey, stiff to hard, moderately to highly calcareous with shell fossil. Zone "B" Claystone variegated reddish brown, brown to greenish gray, silty and sandy, stiff to hard, with thin beds calcareous sandstone and limestone. Interzone Claystone and shale gray to greenish grey, moderately hard, calcareous. interbedded Zone "A" Claystone gray to dark brown, brownish grey, stiff to hard, silty Older and sandy calcareous with shell fossil and potential lignite. Source EGAT, 1982 3-6 ENV101 8/96146/TAB33- .XLs d7ni All11vi- Deprosit (Q2) The alluvial deposits include fluviatile sediments. estuarine deposits and mangrove mud flats covering an area of NE, N, NW, SW and SE of the study area. Estuarine deposit and mangrove mud flats are extensive along the river side. The alluvial deposits which are unconsolidated of Khlong Pakasai river-deposited sediments have been found in rather narrow plain. The elevation of alluvial plain generally ranges from 3-5 meters above MSL. The sediments consist of clay, silty sand, sand and some gravels. 3.3.3.1.1 Structural Geology The study area is divided into eastern main basin and western sub-basin. They are separated by the shelf area running NNW parallel to the main basin. There are two fault systems developed in the basin. The major one is NNW direction, dipping to the west. This fault zone is located on the east of the main basin, which is believed to be active during the time of coal deposition. Another fault system is younger, striking of NNE, dipping to the west (Figures 3.3-2 and 3.3-3). 3.3.3.1.2 Mineral Resources Lignite deposits are the only mineral resources reported to be found in the Tertiary strata of the study area. They are five deposits namely, Khlong Bang Pu Dum, Khlong Bang Mark, Khlong Wai Lek and Khlong Tone (Figure 3.34). However, the first three of them are the major deposits and had been developed by the EGAT. The recent study suggests the area of interest for mineable lignite deposit are mostly in the north-northwest and west of Khlong Bang Pu Dum Mine and east of Khlong Wai Lek Mine. Both of which are far from the proposed power plant site. 3.3.3.2 Seismicity (1) Cause of Seismicity The phenomenon of earth movements "SEISMICITY" is caused by: (a) Igneous activities (b) Increase of pose water pressure and (c) Tectonism 3-7 ENV1018tHD/MAIN-E/CHAP3 FR 495,OOOE 5MOSOoO 515,00cE \THAILAND LGN --L.POSSIBLE FAULT ANTICLlNE WT IETO - : . B~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ OF PLUNGE -i-SYNCLINE WITH OIRECTION / ~~~~~~~~~~~OF PLJNGE -. ~~~*\-' ~ ~ ~ ,,,A1 ' , $ .- ~~~~~~~~ BASIN BOUNDARY .'.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ '. ~~~~~~~~~~~~MARGIN FAULTS AMPI40S 'KHLONG THUO ANOAMAN '-,~~~~~~~~j~~ ,~~~ *~~~*, 5.A 6~~~~ BOREHOLE LOCATION CII) $ f... H-I BOREHOLE LOCATION FOR THE C\ ~~~~~* ~~INVE-ST GATION OF THE POWER. U ~~~~~~~PLANT FOUNDATION lINING ( 0 ~~~~~~jPROJECT SITE ~~~~~~1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\~~~1 SCALE 493.OCCE 505 =E51 ~IJAI 33 - 2 :Wt9a1,T4t~U FIGURE 3.3 - 2 1 TM CHARECTER OF GEOOGY STRUCTURE E POWER PLANT \ k X ~_-==__ - --___ I1 w a.-- --- ZONE A _ ms " = - S - cr z s ------ ----t . j - .1_ - , -_ZN _ _W, A , ''-------_, c-u--/ . 7~ A . -''. I~~~~ - -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- ___ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ZONE A FI'd 3 . S-3 : COD OHt GMOHCB H FIGURE 3.3-3 : GEOLOGIC SECTION ALONG CBD AND GH ER.... 1277 FSZS FSTS 7~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~154 F7Mt -40 - - ZONE A INTERZONE A_ ZONE B W ~ ~ ~ ~~~-4 - F1 i '5 j7 "x-_ c' - F--~~~---------- O _« . -LINE G -H E- I.N. | _]~~- G G IC Fh OL"A) -,oo _-o E ' --h - m iTEAZOUNE A^ '-" -_ B, -220 3 CLGTSTONC m St i - K -->TCT , - - -* _FS Fe ,O_CO _~~~~~~~~~1 . T 0 ~~~~~~-200 -3 3.3-3:( FIGURE 3.3 3 - I CONTINUED am SOFa 0FIA.L I : W'OWOE*¶! 1100 CF0FOFFE IEIZI]~_ _ _ _ \EI ROAD -"00. A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- "Iti _- \EG ; SENO r _ /~~~~~~~~~~~- LATEITC ROA0 805.000 N_ ,\ U.5U R1UNa E^N RAU YAPB.. PM \ RESENITR RIRJME 70~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~L"Y EOI N ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~MS 2' K-- B 0 A LiTh4tn4ujBl G00t 485.000 N ( 1. ~~~ 0400 tflOIt 0(POS,0 ~ ~ IA. E RAN G ( IALObO 04A0 UCRIT_En v C XR BAN' KU|E5CG _ N N- e p Urn', 111014' 9.'~~~~SR I R U CA1-1Rl -7 /X ~ L wr / <)t >) % t (( | etS 1 t~~~~~HLONG WAI LE I?Ir 3IUAN KNLRN -?. T, / \i \ \ \ B'U^tai) ^ AN KNLOHC TNON TAI I \ \KO NOK KO l R / *'; } t t \ < /7 u;u Tintvs a X uKu ONOuLI wS@crA-- S. /: / - SI 80 CA z A 500.OCO00 0500a E \ 540000 C 515.000 C I I I | I l I I | . -- I . I I . I I I I r ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~70."7 N. ~~qv FIRaRon. ., C00 UC.0BG4o T FIGURE S.3-4 :LIGNITE DEPOSITS NEAR PROJECT AREA iA 3-1 1 The studies of earthquake magnitude, seismic intensity and seismic ground motion called "Engineering Seismology" are relatively to foundation and structural designs. The earthquake magnitude is a measure of the strength of an earthquake or the strain energy released by it, as determined by seismographic observations. Unit of earthquake magnitude falls in range of numerical values called "Richter Scale". (2) Seismic Intensity The seismic intensity is the average rate of flow of seismic wave energy through a unit section perpendicular to the direction of propagation at a particular place on humans and/or structures. The intensity at a point depends not only upon the strength of the earthquake, or the earthquake magnitude, but also upon the distance from the earthquake to the epicenter and the local geology, such as rock and soil properties, at the observed station. Standards of relative measurement of earthquake intensity are Modified Mercalli Scale (MM) ranging from I (detectable only instrumentally, to XII (causing almost total destruction) and MSK (Medovedef, Suponhoi and Karmic) scale ranging from 1 to 12. All seismic motion or the ground motion is able to be detected by seismograph including ground acceleration, displacement, stress and strain. Then, they are considered in terms of seismic coefficient both horizontal and vertical directions for safety design of the structures. The Richter scale, Modified Mercalli scale and the ground motion are compared and tabulated by Earthquake Information and Earthquake A Primer in Table 3.3-2 and 3.3-3. The records of seismicity affected. Thailand had been recorded from 624 BC to 5 January 1996 and shown in Appendix B. The results show that only seismicity had occurred in Yonok in 460 AD with magnitude greater than 7.0 Richter or greater than IX Modified Mercalli scale. They also show 4 occurrences with magnitude between 6 and 6.9 Richter or between VII and VIII Modified Mecalli scale as follows: * In 534 AD, Yonok, VII mm * In 1545 AD, Chieng Mai, VII mm * In 1715 AD, Chieng San, VII mm * In 1839 AD, Bangkok, VII-mm ENV1O18/HD/MAIN-E/CHAP3 FR 3-12 TABLE 3.3-2 THE COMPARISON OF EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE AND INTENSITI' Earthquake Magnitude Earthquake Intensity Distance (Richter) (Mercalli) (km) 3.0 - 3.9 HU - i 24 4.0 - 4.9 IV - V 48 5.0 - 5.9 VI - VII 112 6.0 - 6.9 vii - VIII 200 7.0 - 7.9 IX - X 400 8.0 - 8.9 X - XI 720 (From Earthquake Information Bulletin Vol. 13, No. 14) TABLE 3.S-3 THE COMPARISON OF GROUND INTENSITY AND ACCELERATION Intensity Average Velocity Average (Mercalli) (cmisec) (g - 990 cm/sec2) I- m IV I - 2 0.015g - 0.02g V 2 - 5 0.03g - 0.04g VI 5 - 8 0.06g - 0.07g vn 8 - 12 0.IOg - 0.15g VIII 20 - 30 0.25g - 0.30g IX 45 - 55 0.50g - 0.55g X -XII 60 0.60g (From Earthquake A Primer by Bruce A Bolt, Page 202-204) ENV1018I96146flAB33-23.XLS 3-13 Based on seismicitv study from 1975 to 1981 (Kawasaki. 1983). the distribution of earthquake epicenters and their magnitudes in Thailand and adjacent countries was constructed into zones shown on Figure 3.3-5. The location of the plant site is sinmqtei in the zone 0 which iska seismir-a11 inurtive 2rea. 3.4 SOILS AND SOIL QUALITY 3.4.1 Introduction The objective of the study is to compile detailed soil information in the project area which covers about 49,107 rais (about 7,900 ha.) to be used as basis for the project impact evaluation. 3.4.2 Study Methodology The study was carried out by reviewing the following documents and maps: (1) Soil survey report of Changwat Krabi, prepared by the Soil Survey Division, Land Development Department in 1986. (2) 1:50,000 scale soil map of Changwat Krabi. (3) Royal Thai Army topographic map scale 1:50,000 series L7017. (4) Aerial photo scale 1:15,000 taken in 1994. Field validation was made in January 1996. Important and dubious soils units were checked by observing soil profile in borrow pits and by boring with auger to a depth between 1.5-2 m. Selected soil properties were observed, measured tested and analysed in the field. Soil map scale 1:50,000 based on new information was prepared. 3-14 ENV1O18/HD/MAIN-E/CHAP3 FR DSrRtIMO OF EARTHOUAK EPICENTER 1975 - 1961 95 1009 IoS c ZO 0XCZO * * 59/11.tO_ STTION 1 0- ; * X _ * ( m 10 C*RTH UaI¢ P"o6*6ILITY LEGE 'ZONE 0 - NO0 O*Mhe ZON I -IO OtAlAOtlt ZONE 2 - tMeoAtE n 0* ZONt 3- MASONt ffan:R.l.D0. PRELIMINARtY STUDY OVER-ALL IRRIGATiON DEVELOPMENT FOR PAK P14ANANG t RVR BS:N...._.. 3-15 3.4.3 Results of the Studv The project area consists of 31 soil units (Soil Series. Soil Complex. Soil Association, Undifferentiated Soil and Miscellaneous Land Types) (Table 3.4-1 and Fizure 3.4-1). Maior soil characteristics of each soil unit and lanA form are describhed in Table 3.4-2. In general the soils in the project area are moderately suited for trees crop such as para rubber, oil palm, coconut and some fruit tree. There are small lowland areas which are suitable for paddy rice cultivation. Limitation of soils in the project area are as followed: (Table 3.4-3) (1) flooded (2) sandy soil and gravelly soils (3) low soil fertility, nutrient deficiency (4) steep slope, high erosion hazard (5) salinity due to intrusion of sea water The best measure to encounter those limitation is selecting the tolerant crops to those limitations which in fact is commonly practiced among the farmers such as growing paddy rice in the low lying land, growing para rubber on gravelly soils or on steep slope land, growing oil palm on deeper soils and less well drained soils, growing fruit crops on deeper and fertile soils, etc. However, special practices such as fertilization, and irrigation are often necessary. Many soil series are suitable for pasture but pasture requires more water and most farmers are still not familiar with animal husbandry. 3.5 METEOROLOGY AND AIR QUALITY 3.5.1 Introduction Since Krabi power plant development probably generated the impacts on air quality of nearby communities, the existing air quality measurements were carried out to be references for future assessment. The measured parameters consist of Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, Total Suspended Particulates, and PM10. 3-16 ENV1018/HD/MAIN-EICHAP3 FR TABLE 3.4-1 ILLUSTRATE SOIL MAPPING US IN THE 5 KM. RADIUS OF THE PROPOSED KRABI THERMAL POWER PLANT No. Soil Mapping Units Area Rais* % 1 Alluvium Complex-poorly drained : AC-pd 2,300 4.68 2 Bangnara Series: Ba 470 0.96 3 Ban Thon Series: Bh 544 1.11 4 Chonburi Series: Cb 74 0.15 5 Chumpom Series: Cp 297 0.60 6 Krabi and Khlong Chak undifferentialted soil Kbi&Kc 2,424 4.94 7 Khlong Chak Series: Ke 767 1.56 8 Kho Hong Series : Kh 148 0.30 9 Kho Hong and Kho Hong gravelly phase undifferentiated soil Kh&Kh-g 6,357 12.95 10 Khao Khat Series : Kkt 1,336 2.72 I 1 Khlong Thom Series: Kmn 668 1.36 12 Khlong Thomr/Tha Sae association: Km/Te 495 1.01 13 Langu Series: Lgu 371 0.76 14 Langu, overwash phase: Lgu-ow 99 0.20 15 Lamphu-La and Lampu-La, gravelly undifferentiated soil: LI&LI-g 1,367 2.78 16 Lamphu-la and Pak Chan Undifferentiated soil : LI&Pac 49 0.10 17 Lamphu-la, gravelly and Trad undifferntiated soil : Li-g&Td 297 0.60 18 Na Thawi Series: Nat 173 0.35 19 Na Tham Series: Num 7,445 15.16 20 Na Tham and Tha Sae, gravelly undifferentiated soil Ntm&Te-g 1,014 2.06 21 Phak Kat Series : Pat 99 0.20 22 Phatthalung Series : Ptl 445 0.91 23 Ruso Series : Ro 1,187 2.42 24 Ruso-mottle variant: Ro-m 1,163 2.37 25 Tha Sae and Khao Hong undifferentiated soil : Te&Kh 49 0.10 ENI 01 8/961 10/rAB34.1 XLS 3-17 TABLE 3.4-1 (Cont'd) No. Soil Mapping }UaitA . I ~~~~~~~~Rais* | 26 Tha Sae and na Tham undifferentiated soil: Tc&Ntm 1,064 2.i 27 Tha Sae and Ta Sae, graveUy undifferentiated soil: Te&Te-g 2.350 4.79 28 Tha Sae and Tha Sae-motle undifferentiated soil: Te&Te-m 3.389 6.90 29 Tha Sae, gravelly variant: Te-g 247 0.50 30 Tha Sac, mottle variant: Te-m 74 0.15 31 Takua Thung & Bang Prakong undifferentiated soil Tkt&Bpg 5,145 10.48 32 Krabi Thermal Power Plant Area 7,200 14.66 Total 49,107 100.00 * 6.25 rai = 1 hectare ENVIO1SI96110fAB34-I.XLS 3-18 -~~~~~ ~~SYMROL 0189.000N. G ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- - Po-e T--I..i-nor Li-e R..d - Track or Frowp.thr Q Slr,dy Ar.. 2 ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ D Soil Ro-rdery -. Krebl Th.-1re P-w, Pierr 8 3 -5 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~LEGEND 1. Conrplax of Poorly drained, -H:oaci AC p,r -- -- *2 P ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~VER_~TRAINSMISSIO LINE 2. Rang N-r Bei.:R 3. Rl.n Th.. eal h I 4. Ch.n Roncal. Cb BRS5.000N. h.5. Ch-orrphon ene Cp S. K,.bi end Klnlong Ch.k -dalIffreoltaled -oi gro.p: Kbi&krr 7. Klnlong Ch.k -eIe.. Ko 19 ~~~~~~~~~~~~8. Kho Hong -I..ee Kh 8. Khe Ho,, -nd Kh. Hong. gra-reiy -10.rrrilrrraolcil 2 28 26 12 qw.p~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ro: Kh&Kh.g an 0.0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~10. Kh.o Khret -rl., : Kki 11. KhpPog Toor eIe.,: Km, 12. Khl-lrg Thorn, end The S.. oodif-i.rtrerd coIl 9rorp. : -orTe id.) 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3. Lango eerie.: Lou 31 3 27 14~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i Leon nonwehod ph... !Looo. lo IS~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1. L rphu La and Lsrophr La. gre-lly ph--drrIiife-nrI.Iarnr 16. Lar-ph. La and Pck Chen ..dlIrr-nli.I.d coIl Jrr & iPac 9 9 31 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~17. L-nPho La, 9re-niY pheec and Tred nlerroei .oIl gromo: LI-g&Td k ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~16. N. Th-awI eri. Nlat 31 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1g. Ne Them seari, Ntnr 28 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~20. N: Them end Tbe S... gra-reiy Pir-rr,-dillfr-nrer-r 880.0008. c~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Oil groop : tjet&T.- 21. Phek Kal eeie.. Per 19 19 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~22. Ph.rhllrlon eeie..: Pri 9 14 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~22. Ruoe eeIe..: A. 24. Roeo. P,otrie n-let ho-r 10 ~~~~~~~~~~~~2g. The See -od Khn Hon" -11lererirnlei grop T.& Kl. 26. -The S nd Na The- onlleenireIl or-op T.Wolrr 27. tire See: end Tire .Se.. greo-iy phrceodrlrerarr .oll g,mog: TeATe g 28. Thre S.a aird The Ss.. -rnnni -airr cecaro T.;a,r 78T. Jr See. gro.... ly pha.,. To-g -677.&ON 3~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0. The S.e. mort.l -ai-T T. rn 31 Takua Thong -nd Rang P.korrg ool.orrr enif group : ThiRcRpo T EAM FIGURE 3.4-1 SOIL MAP WITHIN 5 Km. RADIUS OF KRAEI THERMAL POWER PLANT S0L4.CHARACCIERISTWS KRABI THERMAL RPWER PL.0iN Sd Sc dn. C k L...- R. d Efntc Tnhlo C.w., p s l * D r Pcekd a W . Or k Mlo _ SouOoc (%) CRC t.le OO A,.11i P _O - Ac.A I a.. Ro pbn/. v cobol L USDA Spo M% So D.P& o.U Apb.1- b Poc.-bIfy Son-dio. 4% Cb X L724) . 04J0 v-. .14 (pp a r) (Pp- do k) (pR 11 RO) b. Sob.9 S 4doni Rcff * odf 0J0 c b b.0. 0.30 .0O0 - .040 * 040 c_ b. _bc b. *0 -t_ 0- 80 c_ b bo r_k0 S. Allooo cC-mpk.- .lloiolphi.- 41 &< q oilyl.ylI... 40y conobic poody noflod denonN 5eS Prody dciod oo 1o in.y Im.m . b 0loow ior -n AC-pd cly .I- B. N-. R cB.y,y. k.e.. TyCl cdp oilOl o-rf. lIohobo1-i-1, occdfox. .Pccdy 11-Id d.dd ing I..01.3) M.ccdor29) *lIm(4S) l.ow1441 I (4521 4200 P.(co.qooooloo coilown) cobb.coo 0? oooer igloo ocoodnmco moebi-g b oleob noocOy_oco.ooc b.cooodjoo-i.(20) b 2ocdiooMi. ((0) Imb - (3061 bbih (W411 ...d" doycly Mo , 00000b0il blocky ..,l- c.Iy i-cb ooil -cM.dhboed gh b oc in. mm.oodrcddc mn ..b mcil fi.q NN.-o - cooitoo l cnio olfl N n rmfik l- , .hiocni h., x di-no dqciond -hn ocff- ..,h B0.o B.. Thm -T 0 Bh .y.hilic bch ridge) 2-4 chlicov umdy.lo Ixmy dekb co ecy -.ccWc cy dnixd Modi.c (1.4) I.. 012) I.. (35) low)l11 oI. (21) . 00 -Mcld. Typic d.. und dk g0 yA b 41144 nbI,c v .hilioh -docy Ahloocoe ocOlyOOgd*06O 000.0 gO.Shy,co hmit C Cc rb fiv I( y-ed. lo.. r.ix 02 doep -.dyl o- . gcoyiobmwbrcc -k fixb b opeo pcdyd.iccd fltdcddedicg 1)061 * modim1-(6Y1 . Io16*1 -oyl .. .Iw060 Tyrpic Toeoqe.WR oc d,cloy lo. 00 !kgcyich blocky conced l b0. din.y -con n- b high (W) b l_(61) b conyo b- lo b (. med oil vmwn ofo md. S.b ocg blSky 3-4 mm nho endljicd by c.- lighl b,y -ldy cloy l- c or c p okih smy bo..d c(c CbeonPl- Cp cl.ycy ke.l. CAlo.is4 3-9 h6.1l. ooy l- d..oco .gooc-l. - l d.iccd -1' c.doclYl O 40.1(4I) * ol (4I.. l 0cll3poI - h(41 N-)c 44-60 .iMd, Typi Wr ... df,on - -fceocil 0b Mld medocb oe b. mdo.n bgr d r Io. 1d 5c; .3%) KH ) blc !m. Io w h low 122 o 6 I 4 5 00 P.1-d.l.,. 'dy 1I.mm eeov ycll,oioh bloky c ,pod o..yo bol I 40m b mm -dcoccly -coyg oo-lly core m doob 1lo (9 o ce.q cloy .b ..I. coil. V.010000) 3-20 So( Serli tl Lnadgta Rtc Eftlae Tnwruel Cdotr perlk. Stlan-1 Da lea Pa.ead d. Water Ogk M411n ac S6 ata (%) CEC ( dOO Avc(aUe Ph om A.ai Peb Reac.dio pbaar -rlas L USDA Stpe. (*) Su( Deth P.nie a Upper A4-roa b. rnxeblht Salratna I% Care X LT24) a 0- a ga V D. d P) (ppm at K) rpi 1:1 Haiti b Sbaa a Saudee Ra-fft b enlace 0-SO a t.d da a' a a 040' a 00bgO0 a .0 t. b d-cb.30 b hul kSere 30G t .soa KItld Xbd ,lyey ko Typk eroded hil. tIs deep lom o d.y dck b e.n lto ak. Wtell dnuixd a._- moion, s toa oe blow a. mdiam 1 5lo b.o Pleodalta foohill loamaateo dart ylloati,h tediumsuhab n, .m be d-e b g-Mod eatm bleat b medium b Vlo bl o- b h 5,60 omly Inab broon bloky c.tedi -m Wayc elow 13m. roil hbname an ahove tooeghott the Klog Chak K. layrylolral.ka. dicleod 23 nhalloeo olayb meeailly d.nh nddibh a. atnatiboaan, aefi ainedi m a high (14A a. t 132 .diu1125 e. high ill a.ghi(g98) a 5.7-l Tyi Pakudtla em-iw -aha(ow oay loam been or deb bl(ky b. mdnm b. pond eatetb . bw (29) b. (n (5.1 6b VI- 14.91 b W.l (42 ) h 4-.1 futoce ofaoe oeo - bmn matnie be wmk rie o medium .ay . be(ow 25m gnee-ly (If .t .utae oil oim mod- med. b. e1. yrl(ewi md- .e1 bHoky cub soil KhI Hog Kh fim (nam. dis-oed 2-5 odep Sorfi-e eei ia , dark gryinh -rak bo cub. ang a. mob dmiwd a medium (1. 1 a be (22) aI.. le31) a (ow (2 3I (2a. l 4.3.5 nileron. Typk rmio eandy lom bron -afae bloky in -unf- coil bh rapid b. -,nd ee r be I. ((111 b. foe 35) b lee ItrI) bh et (IKl b. 4.5. 3 aleudulta nu..fa endying seedy neil ea- -reep bu grdine to med o rpid eayr b.. .3(. I.m.itb1 highn bron N ted tbh ae.g.b mbtr oh-gh wl lby pniole ydlleeieh md at drh. the h y-r Kho, H-, gnrly n.m-e Khw Hon..K rare -tbhi muil unito-tin.'lae ,it-lonl ph.. n Kb-g hba Kh-a k lIKtl olayy ckefe-u k- 2-S baee lom to loedly eoSmg be m. md. ab. ce drind na (I a. (l.S a. l (27 a. mediam ( a 435-53 One Plimhdaltl afae w aunae ai - bly in bh n e b. modnate b. pondatm b ta (13) b. le (O7n) b. 1n (2(1 b. medium S1 b. 415 wom clay on enong bmwn to e d ab,,i1a - medium n.y. beW a 21 oay Iomn ub md eebanil m alynaneneed coil Plimhe ia I-wr ..1 125m dee Klwgiw K.m fneloamy mied. mtdle 2-r edemp .nydr.m. danbbeento aeottkomedMate ameb(drind a. le(a4) a ltom2) aow(21 a1loel- 9 a.o.(25) a 45.5 Tfpi Pabo1dcta -ceb- nlod oe tnog been madium cub, are b mdean. g d cn h. lee b II) b oc (25) b.. lOee ) b. (I..(I I) b 4.55I -ada na .i n Paoe oeot bloky Wlet ee x(owe( .'m. ea.dy Ice loam yoeiab omd b. enak hi and med throghrt Im aubaoNil o nd bubeil cob.,ng bl.ky yeec T(h Se T finoa (my mind middle 3-3 odeep .andyam I e -fata i Iaenak fi hb ng. ade dt,ixd a.- mediem (I 6 1 ae. (ow1 (2121 a- low(4.S( ale (26) h 4.5> Io Tryp Pcludona emcee nurfae di( dlrk beme b(xky b - b m lea g Illnd wt bm Iy - (me 11) b. (3.2) h In. fI7) b hsh (1172) b 41t11.I on-dyig .andy .mgr bmnn b.med med. ub. omrdutm loat ( 21 o ilay 1 )o nab aMd bwoc while leg bl=ky I.d( s.ubeiia genmlyemeg been Uagu Lgu fim k.o Typb -o nm ne- < 2 oAdrep aIlt oaom o v aea ty ilth bron c .k fubang a.yedydained a. foodyd dund g medi mt 2.21) a-rndiu (66el aloe 1Sf am dim. (12 a( . l-m 54) a 65 Trpaqualfn -aa pai ci, laly lone .ottle along b 6ky b. alme ranyneano Pm b. high (M) h. melim tll) b be (27) h 1441 hbe7 t =odeymilth noonehanef be -med 4ub ode -.Smonthn (ime -oeoienl So.gnay lighp ana bloky nme.w b gwund earn gry mani eith m d.and onre -be eel tow . I brownbh yeldc aeg. blbky dtnng d&ryoar. yrlloaticb been been motlerm _ _~~~~~~~~~32 S.8 S00)o.. CI.ooIOooOoo 34.0(0.L-d- R.& f Eoif , Thk |Md pl Slt.,. . D d Pn d W - 0 B1- S.-- Iu ) CEC (.,q1100 A4 bk Pbp . Ao k P ) Rk1- pO e.rlY.o) LUSDA 1SkSP(M S" DopIo P.ol11 0Up t Aoo-b- b. PoobNky S.nrol-. (5 L cooA,o. X I)54) r0.30 g- (pp dPO (jp laK) (pH 301 HOm I h69.00. SSbd7 o 5 Ro..f = r .oo400o 42030 o- 66 b ab 0SoJ80 a0. 0050 o. 040- 0 0J0 c_ I J............I L_________ ____________ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~b0woo. b. so -o.0. .30-3 too;T ovn ooohol 13(mil 00 i0 dinf- 60 U' S. " o Ohohkk, If 0 0)y0 0 h.0 - 0 (dim( 0) dq.6led bbr0* c_,*0r_ L-mph. L. U J.y"tk. . Typck middlk 2.5 4dep dog l. 10 0)0y br0yi,b bmwn 10 hmd. m,d m0 060 o 600)) di-d 0 hgh (45 ) I ..0)ll) 0060) 0 (i- (41) * high g ((51) M I5 P.(lnd0,64 f., ,oofoooooil oo- bs00n I o 0b 6g6, b)ky h6660406b 01 g00,o b I.. (9) b low t3.) b.. 0.17) b 6W.044) b5)5 d.y 1. t)'ly I.,y di..61,s b-w mdu blw_ Im LUmph. L.. pg-lty Th., .il ..h sti-r^ il. j-^d ,rh, - Li-g P. ch..: P. lzyq, iso Typis f-hill Mq.. 3-16 vdep iHt, I., I.. b-- h)p F a rman ,,sb -1 wld.irod -mdi.. (I 8) I..(21) 1-w45 1ow6' h.,h 1214) 5 lhz P"lsill nthm Al-nM¢ b.-b ..,dds bi-ky bean a-1 Drd szys 1. (121 I. (1o(31 bl-w( it h1 I. 71 *h -1qi -'ho addk)h bi-ky T,a: Td O.yq. ktm Typk d,-sld 2-6 m= dh., 'l.y mm- . Oly -1- -Iis a ..k fi- a-b. b -1 wldoind high 7) l- {O8) 1- lO 7) I..(51 ) oll *6{1 PW_xd.hs loi 't.y)mh I..ov - -n - . b)cky b. M -dn b I..) ) b I- (41) b . (1w17) b, lW.(17) h 455 sudsce ~~~~~~ ~ ~~I..msm -e Ye).0.b md -f- ha aw. gn- Dy d.y -1 subdi N.z. N. w ) .Y - z ycmidill, 3 _ I- 7 sy .shd 1. -tmm bmw. .. -k 1 a m od -II& e dh.i.a o - (l 11 I.. (22 71 A.. (1z6) W. 10w I.-Fl (24) f i4 * s0 s)gu Tkp .mc mdy I..m ...no f ml- gnnM. b a--ol 1opid b~ 1o 114) b hlw (I 71 b 1-w 12) h I.. (2.1 b 4 5 1 5 P.7.d.11. .d-e mit r- ydi-iM, b~ -,k M. mo -t md)9- p.ard m twdy 'l.y N. Tm-N M. fi. 1 y. m).ad mlSlm) 2-8 ..d.&V samyI.. hghl bw-i,l, . .h4k ri. m a ..d_hy -1wel I- lo(IG 01 l-w1 s (3.81 I- INw ) W. Iowl) *41 Ok)mic Sl lil!,.h -rnlb m.io "ry -dfc- .b. blod be -ub brmKdia' l-sb)m2 ) ) b I..(9 7) b I.. (I4) b -edium.(6) h 4 1 1 m.I..' il - ,-bilcd b PWt K.: P. r-, kMi , ArR w hi 1-2 dep I-m s0l I.- in.- dyk . .est mnl J, -h.,ba Poy fl6 ded dulit mai.m It 0) I {o ( 1 ' ) m (9 7) 6ow a )R medl 1 1 4s 1 17m1-1-41h [a/k1y 'M)y O,l-.h b,...uSI naf m -- b iE v)d o)nyso '_m - 2) b -Kdi.. III) bI. hw )-2- lolI., *1 Gled ~~~~~~~~~~in md*:. wil ml -, block, b m.70- b g.Mu w-l doy ly O,l, y1l. -M)0 bmwn b 600 k 060b c 60 -60i06 W I * W.msbol b d.. *'b blky m m d droy¢. yo(Io-h 60 blboky 066060066000602 x13 TABLE t.4-2 (C-cId) Sad Seka% CU4Ikada Ladacsr rga EUfc c Taed Cd.. PreS Strcr a Drhalg- Pkod d Wa.l tlk Ma lln - S hrodbu (SI CEC (aqtO0 Asa l ntpn AsaMa .*- Rdi pa . raolr 1. USDA SSWa (SI S&A Ded4 EraIS . Uppe A.ar Por ,1b1Ht S irs (IS Ca. X L724) a 0-t0 gr co) 1gw ( f (pp.d alKi H 1 H1(,) b. Shb.h l c. Sad Ra..cg - er s0 so t 040 b s a-a, tO - ct a-OtOtaL 0a-0 t pb l.h- 1,l s l . y dy ko. Plishi lw I - wr 2 de r ib Imr re tic jys a. rk ficab asg a pory drird a. H_d drirws l (1.2) a l-o (27i a e (9c5) * w (2oral. a. b (M2) c_ 45.5 Palsaolls Iuvarda(pis seilonsrilsy uaor)ssiloverr Uock blb slow airyscosrfbor h lcc(322 b highl21.6) b lewl l) bl oW (i) b 4' claylo day gray sbseil b, md.med sub. csoc 4 6 -fme, saboil dis-l-lcerlrs asg. blcky bh g-rd wera hmmgh -lerr slhr - bdew Icm ,.il prei, indry srsee Ruse RE m1my. sicad Typic ri-e 1 2-4 e.dmrp nady lea. h2 daAk bre-n c a. -1ak fi.s & Md -all subc se (icd rm dicM (2.1) A-e (21) a-l (4.6) ale- 1431 ' b I154)* 4I-- Cl PIudll e I.r mssdae dak yallooj-h sb. asg Sleky b. Med-rl dcsig niny -sae blewe (9) b b-r 166) b era (22) b. I. 1451 b 451-0 Weiet brsssac b.m r era r sed I-f -alec bssd.wiir yalleeiah bnewn blocky slabs bclew 2 s. lo sscsrghsc bronas sas elsryrar sob roil Rssoe- raea-issc lbisrl (ci -isa irilr I.. Res -ir -eeqll hias il !,sc -ala Taks Theeg 7Tk Fe I(ray missd Tidal -sa p t I ) :/i | i = a *- * -X*-fS Ce, v z --->> 1 )~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~u"9- -s i tPt: trutf ; 1 _,/~~~-'--------- A /)$f F2Qmp t tfil M f t t < \ w X ) \ < 8 \ / a ' \, KtONCPHtLA~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ll 7 OM ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \ IMi \,/, A [ !8,00A , ~ ~ ~~~~~l GIlUSRRtIlt'l'R 41 r)\\<$2-> %- AIR~ ~~~S OULT ESRN TATINC U* ; nJf/ - -:- - FIGUR "lP3 ROAD TIHE OCTONFYI QAIsYMAUIGSAIN Photo 3.5-1: Air Quality Measuring Station around the Project Area 3-28 The standards of ambient air quality were presented in Table 3.5-1. TABLE 3.5-1 STANDARD OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IN THAILAND Parameter * Standard (,Lg/m3) TSP (24 hr) 330 PM10 (24 hr) 120 S02 (1 hr) 780 SO2 (24 hr) 300 NO2 (1 hr) 320 Note: * at 1 atm pressure and 25°C Source: Notification of National Environmental Board No.10 (B.E.2538) and No.12('8 3.5.3 Results of the Study 3.5.3.1 Literature Review 3.5.3.1.1 Meteorology The meteorological data at 3 stations namely Phuket airport (latitude 08°07'N, longitude 98°19'E), Ko Lanta (latitude 07032'N, longitude 99°03'E) and Krabi station (latitude 08°03'N, longitude 98°54'E) can be summarized below: (1) Phuket Airport Weather Station (Table 3.5-2) (a) Pressure : The monthly mean pressure were in the ranges of 1008.95- 1010.95 hectopascal with annual average of 1009.66 Hectopascal. ENVIO/HDMAIN-E/CHAP3 FR 3-29 TABLE 3.5-2 METEOROLOGICAL DATA AT PHUKET AIRPORT WEATHER STATION DURING B.E.2504-2533 Station PHUIKEr AIRPORT Elesaimon of itation abo,e MSL Nletc: Index Station 48565 Heicht of barometer abone NISL It Nifcr. Latitude Of 07 N Height of thcrmometer abo'e ground 1.20 Mletcr' Longitude 98 19 E Hetehi of wind vane above grround lI .;( Nteter' tieignt 01 ratflpU4gC etr Jan Feb Mar Apr Ma. Jun Jul Aue Se_ _ O _t No De. 't Car Pressure (Hectopascall Mean 1010.95 1010.49 1009.95 1008.95 1008.36 1008.75 1008.91 1009.11 1009.57 1009.99 1010(1 lI0I0 7r I (IIE) 'i Ext. max. 1017.46 1017.73 1016.30 1015.98 1014.10 1014.42 1014.20 1013.81 1014.72 1015.84 1016.% lOlo 42 1017 73 Ext. min. 1004.61 1003.38 1002.68 1003.40 1002.98 1003.03 1003.44 1003.52 1002.94 1002.55 1 ()4.s54 10(04.2 H) 1(05.55 Mean daily range 3.74 3.87 3.91 3.71 3.11 2.66 2.58 2.74 3.21 3.61 3.6S 3.h5 3.7 Temperature (Celsius) Mean 26.7 27.4 28.2 28.5 28.0 27.9 27.5 27.6 27.0 26.8 26.6 2h.5 27 4 Mean max. 31.5 32.7 33.4 33.1 31.5 31.0 30.7 30.6 30.1 30.3 30.5 3(.8 31.4 Mean min. 22.0 22.4 23.0 23.9 24.5 24.7 24.4 24.7 23.9 23.6 23.1 22.6 23.o Ext. max. 35.5 36.2 37.5 39.8 36.0 35.0 34.0 34.5 33,3 33.9 33.4 33.5 39.8 Ext. min. 17.8 17.1 18.5 21.1 20.7 20.5 21.0 20.7 21.2 21.0 19.8 17.2 17.1 Relative Humidity (%) Mean 75 73 74 79 83 82 82 82 85 86 83 78 8( Mean max. 92 92 93 95 95 92 93 92 95 96 95 92 94 Mean min. 56 52 54 61 70 71 72 72 74 73 68 62 65 Ext. min. 33 32 29 29 34 42 51 43 55 52 46 4(1 29 Dew Point (Celsius) Mean 21.5 21.8 22.8 24.1 24.6 24.4 24.1 24.1 24 24 23.2 22.0 23.4 Evaporation (mm.) Mean-pan 167.7 167.8 198.7 173.4 144.3 147.8 150 4 148.4 126.8 128.3 122.9 155.0 1831.5 Cloudiness (0-10) Mean 5.5 5.2 5.7 6.9 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.5 8.5 8.2 7.4 6.2 7.3 Sunshine Duration (hr.) Mean 286.2 27.5 282.3 247.9 188.5 139.5 172.6 174.1 143.2 179.8 197,1 244.3 2527.0 Visibility (km.) 0700 L.S.T. 9.7 8.7 7.9 7.9 9.2 9.4 9.3 9.4 9.1 9.7 10.2 10.2 9.2 Mean 10.9 10.0 8.9 8.8 9.8 10.0 10.2 10.0 9.9 10.2 10.8 11.0 10.0 Wind (Knots) Mean wind speed 4.9 4.9 4.5 3.9 4.6 6.6 6.1 6.9 6.1 3.9 3.3 4.7 Prevailing wind E E E E,NW W W W W W W E E Max. wind speed 30 30 32 32 48 44 52 55 50 56 50 32 56 Rainfall (mm.) Mean 42.1 29.5 60.3 157.1 345.4 285.9 284.4 272.0 417.2 350.7 188.4 7(0.6 2503.6 Mean rainy day 6.2 4.3 5.6 12.0 22.0 20.6 20.4 20.0 22.7 23.3 15.8 9.0 181.9 Greatest in 24 hr. 65.6 59.0 72.3 156.3 209.4 153.0 151.1 154.1 133.0 197.6 134.7 63.2 209.4 Number of days with Haze 11.3 15.0 , 21.3 13.3 1.9 1.9 1.0 1.5 1.3 0.7 2.2 6.6 78.0 Fog 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.7 Hail 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Thunderstorn 2.8 3.2 7.1 15.6 15.0 5.6 4.9 3.1 4.1 9.1 8.7 3.7 82.9 Squall 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Data processing sub-division Climatology division Meteorological department October 7, 1991 3-30 ENVI0l8/96l461rAB335-2XLs TABLE S.5-2 (Cont'd) MFTEOROLOGICAI. DATA AT PHIJKET AIRPORT WEATHER STATION: YEAR B.E. 2534 Station PHUKET AIRPORT Elesation ol station atx,s .ISL Mleter. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Ma' Jun. Jul. Aue. Sep IO'. No | Dec Annu,. Pressure (Hectopascal) Mean 1010.71 1011.03 1(09.39 1008.55 1008.42 1008.7F 1008.78 1009.30 1010.56 1j(4M)90 1011.3 It)ll.l1 159.82 Mean max. 1012.62 1013.06 1011.44 1010.45 1010.11 1010.13 1010.19 1010.6S 1012.27 1(011.61 1013.03 1012.70 1011.52 Mean min. 1008.58 1008.94 1007.31 1006.70 1006.59 1007.28 1007.31 1007.77 1008.90 10(08.02 I(0t)9.3i 1(8l9.1 I(, tl79 Ext. max. 1014.43 1015.83 1014.90 1013.70 1012.56 1011.70 1012.63 1011.79 1014.3(0 1014.21 1014.32 1(115.S(' 1(15.83 Date 6 22 2 3 7 23 4 9 27 15 17 6 Ext. min. 1006.90 1006.77 1005.10 1004.74 1003.07 1004.60 1005.43 1006.16 1006.20 100)6.12 IOt t6.7u) It01h.49 I(03.07 Date 2 16 24 1 1 28 1 13 20 18 28 8 18 Temperature (Celsius) Mean 26.8 27.3 28.2 28.7 28.1 29.1 27.4 27.9 27.3 26.5 26.8 26.7 27.6 Mean max. 32.5 32.7 34.2 34.1 32.7 33.1 31.2 31.7 30.3 31.2 31.5 31.4 32.2 Mean min. 22.7 23.0 23.7 24.5 25.1 25.9 24.8 25.3 25.3 23.3 23.0 23.01 24.1 Ext. max. 34.2 34.4 35.8 35.7 35.1 34.8 33.4 33.5 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.5 35.8 Date 22 28 14 4.5 4.12 20 29 15 29 30 4 29 Ext. min. 21.3 19.4 21.4 23.0 23.7 24.3 22.4 23.7 22.5 21.0 21.2 20.1 19.4 Date 11 I 18 28 2 3 30 9 4 14 4 1 5 5 Relative Humidity (%) Mean 80 79 77 79 83 77 84 82 86 86 8 1 79 R I Mernmax. 96 96 95 96 96 91 95 92 94 97 95 93 95 Mean min. 59 60 55 61 66 64 72 70 77 70 64 61 65 Ext. min. . 52 53 36 48 45 56 57 61 69 58 54 52 36 Date 7,14 (3) 15 1 11 15.17 27 15 (3) 30 28 (5) Dew Point (Celsius) Mean 22.8 23 23.5 24.5 24.7 24.4 24.3 24.4 24.7 23.8 23 22.5 23.8 Evaporation (mm.) Monthly totals 153.9 158.4 170.4 177.9 144.0 148.3 128.8 152.8 141.6 119.4 13().0 123.0 1748.5 Cloudiness (0.10) Mean 4.4 4.2 4.2 5.0 6.4 6.3 7.7 7,1 7.3 6.2 6.3 5.1 5.8 Sunshine Duration (hr.) Monthly totals 291.3 267.7 263.8 235.0 222.4 154.9 84.7 158.2 83.4 150.2 166.2 138.4 2216.2 Visibility (km.) Mean 11.1 9.8 10.0 10.3 9.9 10.4 9.4 9.7 9.8 9.6 9.6 10.3 10.0 Wind (Knots) Mean wind speed 3.1 3.7 3.0 3.3 3.2 4.2 4.1 6.1 5.1 1.8 2.4 2.4 3.5 Prevailing wind NE NE NW NW NW NW NW W W W E E Max. wind speed 15 24 17 15 28 18 28 35 17 13 20 12 35 Direction ENE ENE WSW NW NSW NNW W W W WSW NW WSW.W Date 2 24 13 5 4 23 8 18 4 1 1 9 (5) Rainfall (mm.) Monthly totals 55.3 49.4 14.0 140.2 254.6 51.4 342.9 286.4 370.8 211.6 239.9 79.7 2096.2 Number of rainy days 9 5 9 7 21 10 24 18 25 15 12 1l 166 Daily maximum 14.2 22.9 5.2 55.9 80.0 33.5 135.3 35.2 70.4 48.7 64.6 44.0 135.3 Date 28 23 18 23 17 22 6 29 26 18 20 19 Number of days with Fog 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Haze 2 3 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 Hail 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ThunderstorFn 0 3 10 12 12 6 1 1 2 6 9 9 4 84 Squall 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (n) n is number of days with same occurrence Data processing sub-division. Climatology Division - is missing data or no observation Meteorological department 2-Dec-94 3-31 ENV1O18i96146)T35-2-l.XLS TABLE 3.5-2 jCont'd) METEtVROLO'GICAL DATA AT PHUKET AIRPORT W'EATIIER STATION: YEAR B.E.253S5 Stalmn PHUKEi-T AiRPORT E)c aiaon ot staiton abo c MSL r Nee I . Fob. Mul. Ap M.~ _ Jul.| Aug. | e S" p t- |IX De. Annua' )Pressure tHectopascal) Mcan 1013.06 1011.61 1010.96 1009.55 1008.90 1007.90 1009.60 1009.49 I()t)9.76 1010.29 I()IO .81 10)12.0)_ 10100." Mean max. 1014.77 1()13.39 1012.81 1011.45 1010.45 1009.18 1010.91 1010.86 1011,27 1012.03 10112.55 1()13.oo 1011.44 Mean min. 1010.93 I1OD9.78 1009.24 1007.85 1007.33 1006.55 1008.3 3 10It)X18 IOD8. 12 1(tt8.5tn I()US.SO I 9.1k I OtS.t3 Ext max. 1016.15 1015.42 1015.42 1013.08 1011.85 101(1.74 1012.56 1013.79 1014.22 1014.89 1(015.11 lOlo.lS lOlo.lx Date (3! 23 12 21 28 25 12 8 1o 25 23 3 1 Ext. min. 1009.80 1007.46 1006. I12 1005.45 10OD4.32 1006.56 1005.79 1005.94 1006.69 10()5.91 1()07.49 I(lt).32 Date 5 9 29 6 1 1 8 24 30 23 7 It, 24 Temperature (Celsius) Mean 26.8 27.2 28.0 28.8 28.6 28.3 27.8 27.9 27.4 26.2 20. 3 2t,.4 27.5 Mean max. 31.8 33.0 34.7 34.7 33.8 31.9 31.8 31.1 31.0 3().3 3t).t 31.5 32.2 Mean min. 22.7 22.4 22.5 23.7 24.7 25.4 24.3 25.0 24.6 23.4 23. 1 22.o 23.7 Ext. max. .32.9 34.3 37.4 37.3 36.3 33.4 33.1 32.4 32.1 32.2 32.2 33.4 37.4 Date 29 10,28 23 27 5 17 17 4 13.14 15 2 21 Ext. min. 19.4 18.8 19.4 21.3 23.5 22.9 22.5 22.6 22.9 21.9 21.8 2().1 lfi.S Date 31 18 7 26 3 16 16.17 11 18 212S IS 17 Relative Humiditv % Mean 74 77 76 80 82 82 82 82 83 S8 84 77 S I Moan max. 89 94 96 96 95 93 94 90 93 97 95 92 94 M an min. .55 56 53 62 67 70 6S 72 72 74 69 58 65 Ext. mm. 44 44 27 46 so 63 55 61 66 59 57 48 27 Date 29 24 21 25 5 9 24 4 (3) 15 3(1 IS Dew Point (Celsius) Mean 21.4 22.3 22.9 24.8 25 24.8 24.2 24.4 24.2 23.9 23.2 21.7 23.6 Evaporation tmm.) Monthly totals 154.7 153.2 175.8 169.8 138.4 117.2 129.3 139.1 126.4 102.5 117.4 148.7 1672.5 Cloudiness (0-10) Mean 3.4 3.9 2.7 3.9 6.0 7.3 6.7 7.3 6.7 7.6 6.2 4.g 5.5 Sunshine Duration (hr.) Monthly totais 264.2 239.7 297.1 248.1 191 71.3 192.6 126.8 145 104.0 147.5 250.6 2278.9 Visibility (km.) Mean 10.3 10.2 9.8 9.9 10.3, 10.1 10.0 9.8 10.1 9.7 9.8 9.7 10.0 Wind (Knots) Mean wind speed 3.6 4.2 3.6 4.0 2.6 3.7 3.9 6.3 4.3 2.4 2.4 2.7 3.6 Prevailing wind E NW NW NW W W W W W NW E E Max. wind s,oeed 15 19 14 23 24 33 44 32 22 14 17 15 44 Direction ENzE WNW vary ENoE W W W W W W ESE vairy Date 21 20 (4) 28 7 26 22 30 2,4 29 9 (3) Rainfall (mm.) Monthly totals 44.9 9.6 QO0 44.7 208.9 131.6 253.0 357.5 244.5 351.5 95.6 65.1 1806.9 Number of rainy days 6 3 6 14 16 18 26 20 22 14 8 153 Daily maximum 16.2 8.8 0.0 17.5 101.7 24.8 83.9 57.6 63.9 46.7 18.9 18.4 101.7 Date 5 1 1 28 7 13 29 5 17 3 15 27 Number of days with Fog 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O Haze 4 1 6 2 O O O O O O 1 6 20 Hail 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O Thunderstorm I 2 2 4 13 8 13 4 6 6 8 5 72 Squall 0 0 O 0 0 0 O 0 0 O 0 0 O (n) n is number of days with same occuffence Data processing sub-division, Climatology Division - is missing data or no observation Meteorological department * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~22-Dcc-94 3-32 iDNVIOIS/96146M13-2-2-US TABLE 3.5-2 (Cont'd) METEOROLOGICAL DATA AT PHUKET AIRPORT WEATHER STATION: YEAR B.E.2536 Station PHUKET AIRPORT Ele,ation of station abo,c MSL t Metcr. Jan. Feb. Mar Apr. Ma. Jun. Jul, Aug. Sep. Ot. N- 1. Annual Pressure (HectopasealH Mcan 1011.49 1011.83 1010.84 1009.90 1008.89 1009.16 1008.94 1010.47 1010.49 1011.03 I(X"9 4s 1010.()S 1010).27 Mean max. 1013.26 1013.60 1012.67 1011.71 101055 1010.48 1010.15 1011.89 1012.07 1012.80 101 1.- 1012.37 1011.8S Mean min. 109X.53 1010.01 1008.89 1008.18 1007.32 1007.78 1007.71 1009.08 1(8)S.87 100l9.18 1007.44 O1O.W4 I008.51 Ext max. 1016.18 1016.06 1015.26 1014.00 1012.25 1012.98 1012.10 1015.07 1014-52 1015.32 1014.11 1014.96 1016.18 Date 1 4 3 15 11 18 8 5 6 17 15 24 Ext. min. 1006.23 1007.09 1006.92 1006.36 1005.46 1005.28 1005.89 1006.78 1006.70 1007.47 1005.87 1105.3n 1005.28 Date 14 17 14.16 27 30 3 12.13 29 24 5 5 2 Temperature (Celsius) Mean 26.9 27.1 27.5 28.2 28.0 28.4 27.8 27.5 27.0 26.7 27.0 20.4 27.4 Mean max. 32.1 33.3 - 32.6 32.4 31.7 30.8 30.9 30.7 30.9 31.1 3(0.2 Mean min. 22.4 22.2 23.1 24.1 24.1 25.4 24.9 25.0 23.8 23.5 23.6 23.4 23.8 Ext. max. 33.0 34.7 33.6 34.6 33.2 32.5 32.8 32.4 32.5 32.6 32.2 Date (3) 27 29 3 (3) 14 19 24 29 16.19 2.5 Ext. min. 20.0 18.9 21.0 21.8 22.3 23.3 22.3 22.0 21.8 22.4 22.1 21.9 18.9 Date 3 23 (3) 3 1 2 24 6 10 I 9 20 Relative Humidity (%) Mean 75 73 78 80 83 8I 83 84 85 86 83 78 81 Mcan max. 92 91 94 95 97 91 92 91 96 97 94 93 Mean min. 55 49 56 64 67 69 72 74 73 71 66 64 65 Ext min. 43 34 36 55 56 62 64 66 62 56 58 5( 34 Date 13,31 24 5 13.26 10.26 15 16 3.19 12.23 4 18 28 Dew Point (Celsius) Mean 21.7 21.4 22.8 24.2 24.8 24.7 24.4 24.4 24.2 24.1 23.6 22.1 23.5 Evaporation (mm.) Monthly totals 162.2 158.7 251.0 148.3 123.6 129.4 126.0 121.7 91.4 104.6 124.8 113.4 1655.1 Cloudiness (0-10) Mean 3.6 2.9 4.9 4.8 6.3 6.6 7.4 7.1 7.5 7.3 6.2 5.5 5.8 Sunshine Duration (hr.) Monthly totals 269.7 265.1 194.1 231.9 161.3 157 138.8 144.8 112 147.7 180.2 163.2 2165.8 Visibility (km.) Mean 10.1 10.1 10.0 10.0 9.9 9.9 9.6 9.7 9.7 9.8 10.1 9.9 9.9 Wind (Knots) Mean wind speed 3.0 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.0 3.8 5.1 3.8 2.4 1.8 1.6 2.6 2.8 Prevailing wind E E E NW W W W W W W E E Max. wind speed 17 15 15 21 25 30 30 17 20 26 13 16 30 Direction ENE vary ESE ENE SW SW W W W W ENE E Date 30 (4) 8 I1 27 7 24 23 3 7 4 26 Rainfall (mm.) Monthly toWals 22.5 2.7 167.4 137.9 251.9 263.9 445.2 497.0 527.5 575.1 157.9 60.0 3109.0 Number of rainy days 5 4 10 10 18 20 26 21 27 21 18 11 191 Daily maximum 13.6 0.9 80.2 39.0 70.7 49.0 73.5 112.5 83.2 105.3 33.8 24.9 112.5 Date 19 1,12 13 2 27 30 24 25 30 4 27 6 Number of days with Fog 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 () 0 0 Haze 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 Hail 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Thunderstorm 2 2 9 9 15 9 9 5 0 6 7 5 78 Squall 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (n) n is number of days with same occurrence Data processing sub-division, Climatology Division - is missing data or no observation Meteorological department 22-Dec-94 ENV10IW%9I46f13-2-3.X1S 3-33 TABLE 3.5-2 (Cont'd) METEOROLOGICAL DATA AT PHUKET AIRPORT WEATHER STATION: Y'EAR B.E.25S7 Station PHUKET AIRPORT Elevation ot station ato,e MSL t Metetr | Ja, |Feb 1 Mar. |Apr. a Jun. JUl | Aug seP Oct 1 No, Dc. 1 Annua. Pressure (HectovascahI Mean 1010.32 1009.50 1010.29 1008.86 1009.04 1008.00 1008.62 1(X0.62 tI0.08 1010.S4 101(tlO 1011 tO IWt85 Mean. max. 1012.12 1011.35 1012.18 101058 1010.49 1009.25 1011.73 1010.95 1012.41 1012.50 1012.24 (1t13 1' 10J1141 Mean. min. 1008.26 1007.63 1008.17 1007.08 1007.61 1006.68 1007.39 1008.37 1009.50 1109.06 I/)t).71 1i84 (6 I (XS.I - Ext mz.x 1013.32 1012.71 1015.32 1013.05 1012.78 1012.29 1011.35 1012.63 1013.45 1014.8o 1013.94 1(015.tS 1015.68 Dale 28 18 30 15 4 13 20 13 9 13 2.4 21 Ext. mm. 1005.92 1005.39 1004.44 1004.70 1005.43 1005.02 1005.39 1005.75 1007.54 1007.39 1006.90 1()t8.14 1(8)4.44 Date 4 1 1 20 29 26 7 31 I 1 3 11 14 Temperature (Celsius) Mean 26.9 27.8 27.8 28.4 28.5 28.4 28.1 27.5 26.6 27.1 26.8 26.6 27.5 Mean max. 32.2 33.1 32.9 33.3 31.9 32.1 31.9 31.2 30.1 31.8 31.2 31.6 31.9 Mean mum. 21.8 22.7 23.5 23.9 25.6 24.8 24.7 24.1 23.7 23.1 22.8 22.(1 23.6 Ext. max. 33.3 34.4 34.7 35.2 33.7 33.7 33.5 34.0 32.3 32.9 32.7 32.5 35.2 Date 28 26 3.0 (3) 15 7.17 13 27 10.24 19 13.16 17 Ext. min. 18.4 20.8 21.7 22.4 23.3 22.8 22.0 21.7 22.0 21.9 21.2 18.9 18.4 Date 19 2 13 8 7 13.14 19 25 3 26 1() 25 Relative Humidity (%) Mean 75 76 78 79 83 82 82 83 88 83 82 81 81 Mean max. 93 94 94 95 92 91 93 93 96 95 95 96 94 Mean min. 53 56 58 60 71 69 69 72 78 66 64 61 65 Ext. min. 36 33 44 47 61 61 54 63 69 57 53 52 33 Date 15 26 I 5 16 11,14 16 11 (3) 24.27 16 24 Dew Point (Celsius) Mean 21.6 22.9 23.4 24.1 25.1 24.9 24.5 24.3 24.3 23.7 23.1 22.8 23.7 Evaporation (mm.) Monthly totals 157.6 134.9 161.5 147.2 126.4 111.3 121.4 107.2 95.4 126.8 125.3 129.8 1544.8 Cloudiness (0-10) Mean 3.7 4.5 5.6 5.3 6.7 7.0 6.9 0.8 7.4 5.8 5.9 4.1 5.3 Sunshine Duration (hr.) Monthly totals 192.4 15.6 150.1 151.6 108.5 89.7 103.2 68.8 66.3 133.9 . 166.5 Visibilitv (km.) Mean 10.2 10.0 10.0 9.9 10.0 9.8 9.8 9.6 9.3 9.9 10.() 10.1 9.9 Wind (Knots) Mean wind speed 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 4.5 4.1 5.1 3.6 2.9 1.8 2.4 1.9 2.9 Prevailing wind E E E NW W W W W W E E E Max. wind speed 14 19 15 17 47 23 29 35 25 18 15 12 47 Direction ESE.E E ESE E W W W WSW WSW W ENE.E E.ESE Date 5,31 2 30 17 9 28 19 3 18 12.13 (3) 3.24 Rainfall (mm.) Monthly totals 32.1 65.0 129.6 186.0 310.3 223.9 182.2 503.9 675.6 115.5 166.9 96.1 2687.1 Number of rainy days 5 5 15 11 24 21 IS 21 24 17 19 10 190 Daily maximum 19.9 48.2 46.3 46.7 52.9 73.6 38.1 93.8 106.0 22.4 37.6 27.6 106.0 Date 3 9 12 20 6 29 7 24 17 19 27 18 Number of days with Fog 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Haze 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Hail 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Thunderstorm I 3 9 9 0 5 2 8 2 10 I1 3 63 Squall 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (n) n is number of days with same occurrence Data processing sub-division. Climatology Division - is missing data or no observation Meteorological department 1 3-Mar-95 3-34 ENV)018/9614611 52-24.XLS (b) Temperature The monthly mean temperature ranged from 26.5 to 28.5°C with annual average of 27.4°C. The maximum value was 39.8 in April and minimum of 17.1°C in February. (c) Relative Humidity Relative humidity were in the ranges of 73-86 with approximately 80% of annual value. (d) Wind This area was influenced by 2 wind directions namely: west (May-October) and east (November-April). The mean wind speed were in the ranges of 3.3-6.9 knot. The maximum speed was occurred in August. (e) Rainfall The monthly mean rainfall ranged from 29.5-417.2 mm with annual value of 2,503.6 mm. The maximum rainfall was found in September with 22.7 days. The meteorological data recorded during B.E.2534 to 2537 were not different from those of 30 year period. (2) Ko Lanta Weather Station (Table 3.5-3) (a) Pressure Monthly mean pressure ranged from 1,008.16-1,010.56 Hectopascal, with annual value of 1,009.4 Hectopascal. 3-35 ENV1018/HD/MAIN-E/CHAP3 FR TABLE 3.5-3 METEOROLOGICAL DATA AT KO LANTA WEATHER STATION DURING B.E. 2504.253S Statlon KO LANA Eie-ation of toation ah,vNe NtSL index Station 48566 Height of barometer abosc MSi Nicicr, Latitude 07 32 N Height ot thermometer abose ground l6 Mrtrr> Longitude 99) 03 E Heigni of ind vane aboNe grouno lI.S Nierer' H .vhl of raingliage a its(i Sir.- Jan. Feb. Ma. Apr. Ma. Jun. Jul. Aug Sepr Oct, 1h T Ceal Pressure (Hectopascal) Mean 1010.56 1010.13 1009.58 1008.55 1008.16 1008.53 1008.90 1008.90 I)09.36 1009.57 1009.88 1010.6 I(tO9.40) Ext. max. 1016.30 1016.51 1016.80 1014.48 1013.85 1013.14 1014.30 1013.28 1014.95 1015.80 1016.27 1016.20 1016.80 Ext. min. 1005.16 1003.03 1002.54 1003.37 1002.69 1004.16 1003.46 10(4.64 1004.19 RX15.09 1(114.38 1l04.74 10l2.54 Mean daily range 4.10 4.22 4.60 4.08 3.47 2.98 2.94 3.11 3.68 4.010 4.22 4.28 3.81 Temperature (Celsius) Mean 27.6 28.3 29.0 29.2 28.5 28.6 28.0 28.2 27.5 27.3 27.2 27.0) 28.0 Mean max. 32.5 33.6 34.2 33.7 31.9 31.5 31.0 30.9 30.4 30.7 .30. 31.1 31.9 Mean min. 23.8 23.9 24.8 25.1 25.1 25.6 25.0 25.4 24.7 24.4 24.0 23.5 24 6 Ext. max. 34.9 37.2 37.8 37.3 35.1 34.0 33.5 33.6 33.2 34.0) 34.0 34.0) 37.8 Ext. min. 20.0 19.6 20.6 22.3 22.4 22.6 21.7 21.9 22.7 21.8 21.4 20.2 19.o Relative Humidity (%) Mean 72 72 72 78 83 81 82 82 84 85 82 76 79 Mean max. 86 87 88 91 92 90 91- 90 93 94 92 88 90 Mean mm. 55 54 56 63 73 73 73 74 76 75 70) 62 67 Ext. mtn. 41 32 36 27 47 60 57 61 63 63 5t) 47 27 Dew Point (Celsius) Mean 21.8 22.5 23.2 24.7 25.2 25 24.5 24.7 24.5 24.4 23.o 22.2 23.9 Evaporation (mm.) Mean-pan . . . . Cloudiness (0-10) Mean 4.6 3.8 5.1 6.2 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.8 8.2 7.8 7.2 5.5 6.6 Sunshine Duration (hr.) NO OBSERVATION Visibility (km.) 0700 L.S.T. 10.0 9.9 9.8 9.5 10.0 10.2 10.1 9.8 10.1 10.6 10.5 9.8 I().0 Mean 10.6 10.6 10.4 10.1 10.6 10.7 10.7 10.5 10.7 11.2 10.9 10.5 10.6 Wind (Knots) Mean wind speed 4.2 3.5 3.3 3.1 4.1 6.6 6.0 7.3 6.0 3.9 3.0 4.4 Prevailing wind NE NE NE W W W W W W W NE NE Max. wmnd speed 40 35 30 40 55 50 55 60 53 50 32 35 60 Rainfall (mm.) Mean 6.5 7.3 36.3 119.6 340.3 193.7 288.7 265.5 389.0 330.2 195.6 39.0 2211.7 Mean rainy day 2.6 1.6 2.9 10.4 20.3 17.3 18.0 16.9 21.8 19.3 14.3 6.5 151.9 Greatest in 24 hr. 22.3 27.0 91.3 72.0 135.8 81.6 112.6 121.0 153.2 167.8 142.9 54.6 167.8 Number of days with Haze 1.8 4.4 5.0 4.2 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.6 2.5 19.5 Fog 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Hail 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ThunderstorTn 0.3 1.2 3.0 10.3 12.5 5.8 5.2 4.3 6.8 7.5 6.9 1.7 65.5 Squall 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Data processing sub-division Climatology division Meteorological department October 7, 1991 3-36 ENVI0I8/96146/fl5-3.XLS TABLE 3.5-3 (Cont'd) METEOROLOGICAL DATA AT KO LANTA WEATHER STATION: YEAR B.E. 2584 Station KO LANNTA Elevation ot station abose MSL 2 NMeter Jan. Feb. M.e Apr Mav Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nos Dc.. Annual Pressure (Hectopascal) Mean 1010.67 1010.88 1009.43 1008.57 10(857 1008.93 1008.86 1009.22 101)04S ItX34.74 1011.)02 1010.78S 1Ht9.7n Mean max. 1012.52 1013.10 1011.64 1010.61 1010.33 1010.31 1010.36 1010.69 1012.29 101 1.68 1 012-95 1012.48 10111.5 Macsn min. 1008.55 1005.68 1007.17 1006.59 1006.72 1007.43 1004.34 1007.71 I0(08.78 1007.64 I()S.S72 I1X)S.7S 11 7.S5 Ext max. 1013.96 1015.71 1015.36 1013.31 1013.41 1012.40 1012.74 1012.20 1013.94 1(14.48 1014.48 1114.82 1('15.71 Date 16 22 2 3 7 23 4 7 5 I5 17 6 Ext min. 1006.91 1006.54 1004.63 1004.62 1003.47 1004.64 1005.38 1005.45 1006.30 1005.94 100).42 1006.53 1(03.4' Date 2 16 26 11 28 1 13 20 I8 25s 8 38 Temperature (Celsius) Mean 27.9 28.7 29.0 29.3 28.2 29.2 27.6 28.3 27.7 27.0 26.9 27.1 2S. I Mean max. 33.3 34.3 35.0 34.7 32.8 33.1 31.1 31.6 30.8 31.3 31.3 31.7 32.6 Mean min. 23.4 23.8 24.1 24.9 24.9 25.7 24.8 24.9 25.2 23.7 23.8 24.0 24.4 Ext. max. 34.6 36.0 36.6 36.3 34.5 34.8 33.7 33.9 32.5 33.0 33.9 33.3 36.6 Date 30 25 27,28 1 4.14 13 30 I5 21 17 3( 29 Ext. min. 22.3 21.0 25.5 24.0 23.3 23.6 23.5 22.9 24.0 22.4 22.5 22.5 21.0 Date 25 18 16 (6i 5 28 (3) 21.22 4,17 15 28 (3) Relative Humidity (%) Mean 72 74 74 76 83 79 84 82 84 84 79 76 79 Mean max. 87 88 89 90 94 89 92 91 91 93 9(1 88 90 Mean min. 53 58 55 58 68 67 75 74 76 71 65 61 65 Ext. min. 44 44 39 38 59 59 65 65 67 61 53 49 3S Date 7 25 24 I 16 27 27 14 5 30 3 4 Mean 22.0 23.3 23.5 24.2 25 25 24.7 24.8 24.7 23.9 22.9 22.4 23.9 Evaporation (mm.) Monthly totals i Cloudiness (0-10) Mean 4.6 4.5 5.3 6.6 8.0 7.6 9.1 8.8 8.8 7.9 6.7 6.9 7.1 Sunshine Duration (hr.) Monthly totals NO OBSERVATION Visibility (km.) Mean 10.0 9.4 9.8 9.1 9.7 9.7 8.7 9.0 9.4 8.5 8.8 9.2 9.3 Wind (Knots) Mean wind speed 3.6 4.0 3.4 3.3 2.5 5.5 6.7 8.5 6.6 1.9 3.4 4.3 4.5 Prevailing wind E E E W W W W W W W E E Max. wind speed 16 16 20 21 14 30 35 38 30 21 2(0 22 38 Direction ENE,E E E W E SW W W W W ENE ENE Date 10.18 25.0 3.0 30.0 30.0 23.0 23.0 18.0 16.0 13.0 15.0 4.0 Rainfall (mm.) Monthly totals 6.6 0.2 29.8 71.0 331.9 139.9 378.6 353.0 267.3 159.6 66.2 30.9 1835.0 Number of rainy days 2 1 4 6 25 30 20 18 22 14 12 8 142 Daily maximum 6.4 0.2 18.5 29.8 48.5 38.8 104.4 80.5 60.2 38.0 12.4 20.9 104.4 Date 23 9 18 24 23 3 6 20 28 19 4 19 Number of days with Fog . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Haze 4 9 6 34 1 1 0 0 0 0 30 10 55 Hail 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Thunderstorm I 0 3 8 14 4 6 2 2 1 2 0 43 Squall 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (n) n is number of days with same occurrence Data processing sub-division, Climatology Division - is missing data or no observation Meteorological depattment 2-Dec-94 3-37 ENVIl0tt/96l46/T35-3-l.XS TABLE 3.5.3 (Cont'd) METEOROLOGICAL DATA AT KO LANTA WEATHER STATION: YEAR B.E.2535 Station KO LANTA Elevation ot sitaton amwse NlSi Meur2 Jxn. | Feb Mar. p Ma! Jun Jui A Aug Ser Oct. No. DcL k- A.nua Pressure tHectopascali I I Mean 1012.60 1011.09 1010.55 100)9.17 1008.62 1007.69 1(109.36 I Ji9.31 I1).5l 1 01)9.99 10I.hO 11I I & lOlo ) NMean max 1014.51 1013.19 101280 1011.34 1010.43 1(09.16 1010.83 101(0.85 1011.33 1(0)11.91 1012.45 101' 4' 1 IOI.S5 Mean mm 1010.39 1009.00 1008.41 1007.07 I(X)6.73 1(06.24 10(17.83 1007.81 1007.62 100S.OS Itt)S.57 11.)N 4S l(tIS.I(t Ext. max. 1015.74 1015.58 1015.16 1013.03 1012.24 1010.65 1012.67 1014.22 10103.89 1014.30 101t4.5') Itl.(2 1016() 2 Date 22 23 12 21 27 15 6 8 16 25 23 31 Ext. min. 1009.04 1006.96 1004.96 1005.18 1004.98 1004.20 1006.16 1005.64 10)5.54 1()(6. 1 8 I().46 1(107.38 110t4.20 Date 5 9 29 27 1 1 8 24 30 23 7 16 24 Temperature (Celsiusi Mean 27.5 28.0 28.9 29.6 29.1 28.8 28.4 28.0 27.8 26.9 26.5 27(1 2S.t1 Mean max. 32.8 33.8 35.0 35.3 33.9 32.6 32.4 31.1 31.2 30.3 31.0) 32.( 32.h Mean mm. 24.1 23.7 24.0 24.8 24.6 24.7 24.1 24.4 23.7 22.9 22.3 22.2 23.8 Ext. max. 34.2 35.4 37.0 37.7 36.8 34.9 34.2 33.4 32.7 33.2 33.3 34.6 33.7 Date 9 29 22 19 4 21 6 2 16.27 1 19 3( Ext. min. 21.5 18.9 20.0 22.5 22.8 22.6 22.3 20.5 21.7 21.2 21.0) 21.() 18.9 Date 14 20 7 12 25 6.9 15 3 20 21.31 (3) 7.8 Relative Humidity (%) Mean 70 73 72 75 81 81 80 82 84 86 82 75 78 Mean max. 83 87 87 89 92 9( 91 89 91 93 90 87 89 Mean min. 52 55 55 60 67 71 69 74 76 76 69 6N) 65 Ext. mn. 41 42 37 47 56 62 62 58 66 67 53 51 37 Date 13 4 22 26 4 20 (3) 4 .I 7.15 30 17.18 Dew Point (Celsius) Mean 21.2 22.3 23.1 24.6 25.3 25.2 24.5 24.7 24.8 24.2 23 22.0 23.7 Evaporation tmm.) Monthly totals . . . . . Cloudiness (0-10) Mean 4.9 5.3 4.4 5.7 8.0 9.1 8.7 9.0 8.4 8.9 7.9 7.0 7.3 Sunshine Duration (hr.) Monthly totals NO OBSERVA'TION Visibility (km.) Mean 8.7 9.2 8.5 8.2 10.2 8.4 8.6 8.6 9.7 9.1 8.6 8.7 8.9 Wind (Knots) Mean wind speed 6.8 3.8 3.7 4.3 4.2 6.6 5.4 10.3 5.8 4.4 4.0 4.5 5.3 Prevailing wind E E W W W W W W W W E NE Max. wind speed 22 18 18 20 30 35 38 50 22 26 20 18 50 Direction E E E W W WNW W W W WNW E E,ENE Date 27 24 14 5 S 27 28 10 18 29 28 (4) Rainfall (mm.) Monthly totals 1.6 20.9 12.1 31.3 139.6 208.8 322.8 382.6 157.3 376.0 89.6 T 1742.6 Number of rainy days 2 2 1 3 14 15 18 17 17 21 10 120 Daily maximum 1.0 20.7 12.1 12.2 44.0 101.7 83.8 53.7 35.8 77.2 38.() T 101.7 Date 5 14 9 28 24 6 28 1 19 5 12 (3) Number of days with Fog 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (1 0 0 0 0 Haze 21 14 26 28 3 0 4 0 0 0 6 | 1 113 Hail 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Thunderstorm I 0 1 2 9 4 6 6 2 4 6 0 41 Squall 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (n) n is number of days with same orcurrence Data processing sub-division, Climatology Division - is missing data or no observation Meteorological depanment 22-Dec-94 3-38 ENV 1018196146MT35-3-2.XLS TABEL 3.5-3 (Cont'd( ME.TFOROLOGICAL DATA AT KO LANTA *VEATHER STATION: YEAR B.E.2536 Station KO LPLNTA Ele,ation of staton aborc .MSL ' Met.r. Jan. Feb Mar. Apr. hiNv Jun Jul. Aug. SCP O- N\ D-C' Annu.' Pressure IHectopascal) Mean 1011.02 1011.35 1010.46 1009.58 1008.61 1008.91 1009.00 1010.55 1010.5h 1011.09 1()ll4c 1t)10t1 1l)l0.1() Mean max. 1013.04 1013.52 1012.62 1011.75 1010.54 1010.55 1010.47 1012.25 1012.49 1013.2' 101 1.4n 11)12.62 10)12,(14 Mean min. 1008.89 1009.22 1008.39 1007.65 1006.81 1(07.31 1007.5 1X008.88 1008.70 1009.02 I(07.32 10(S.67 I()8S.21) Ext. max. 1015.64 1015.47 1015.06 1014.14 1012.38 1013.38 1012.67 1015.71 1015.17 1015.27 1014.27 1015.46 10)15.71 Date 1 4 23 15 1 1 18 8 6 6 17 15 25 Ext. min. 1005.33 1006.55 1006.30 1005.70 1004.99 1004.75 1005.60 1006.80 1006.51 1007.69 1005.71 1005.17 1()4.75 Date 14 17 16 28 24 3 14 29 22 5 5 2 Temperature (Celsius) Mean 27.9 28.0 28.4 29.1 28.6 28.4 28.2 28.0 27.1 26.8 27.() 26.2 27.8 Mean max. 33.6 34.3 34.4 34.2 33.1 32.1 31.7 31.9 30.8 31.1 31.6 30.6 32.5 Mean min. 22.7 22.4 22.6 23.9 23.9 25.1 24.7 24.6 23.4 23.1 23.2 22.4 23.5 Ext. max. 34.6 36.3 36.1 35.8 35.0 34.0 33.8 34.0 33.5 33.4 34.1 33.8 36.3 Date 17,22 22 I 10 3 (3) 31 4 2 22.29 IS 2 Ext. min. 19.7 20.4 20.0 21.5 22.5 22.0 22.6 22.2 21.9 21.6 22.0 2(.5 19.7 Date 31 23 25,26 3 1 I 18 3 23 10 17 16.18 2S Relative Humidity (%) Mean 71 71 75 78 83 82 82 85 86 87 84 82 81 Mean max. 85 85 90 91 94 90 90 92 93 95 93 92 91 Mean min. 52 53 57 64 69 72 73 76 77 76 72 70 68 Ext. mi. 42 43 44 47 62 61 65 62 64 66 58 49 42 Date 31 1 25 9 5.29 15 18 2 29 13 18 28 Dew Poini tCeisiuSi Mean 21.8 22 23.2 24.7 25.2 24.9 24.8 25.1 24.4 24.2 23.9 22.8 23.9 Evaporation (mm.) Monthly totals - Cloudiness (0-10) Mean 5.4 4.5 6.2 7.0 8.7 8.7 9.0 9.1 9.3 9.0 8.3 7.7 7.7 Sunshine Duration (hr.) Monthly totals NO OBSERVATION Visibility (km.) Mean 9.1 8.5 8.3 8.7 8.9 9.3 8.9 9.1 9.0 9.4 9.2 9.0 9.0 Wind (Knots) Mean wind speed 5.8 5.9 4.3 3.7 3.0 5.7 9.2 7.1 5.5 3.6 3.1 4.0 5.1 Prevailing wind E E E W W W W W W W E E Max. wind speed 20 20 25 20 21 24 36 36 35 35 25 18 36 Direction ENE E E W W WNW W W W W ENE vary Date 7 11 22 (3) 9 29 24 23 4 4 22 (4) Rainfall (mm.) Monthly totals 0.9 0.0 81.9 27.2 394.0 416.4 273.7 271.1 421.3 412.3 141.4 121.8 2562.0 Number of rainy days 1 7 5 18 14 17 21 23 23 13 14 156 Daily maximum 0.9 0.0 61.4 17.0 89.2 74.2 61.4 74.7 85.3 88.5 56.8 27.7 89.2 Date 27 16 16 27 17 25 25 8 11 9 15 Number of days with Fog 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Haze 18 21 21 14 7 0 0 1 0 0 4 7 93 Hail 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Thunderstorm 0 0 6 9 13 8 3 6 4 6 5 4 64 Squall 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (n) n is number of days with same occurrence Data processing sub-division, Climatology Division - is missing data or no observation Meteorological departnment 22-Dec-94 ENV 1018196146ft35-3-3.XLS TABLE 3.5-3 (Cont'd) METEOROLOGICAL DATA AT KO LAN'TA NW'EATHER STATION: Y'EAR B.E.2537 Station KO LANTA Ele'ation ot station axt.sc MSL ' Neter 1 Feb |Mar. _ a |Ju. J ue Sn _ o [ Annua Pressure u Hectopascal T - l M J Mean 1010.23 1009.44 1010.24 1008.92 1(l9.07 1008.10 100S.64 1019.69 11108.4 1010.84 11110 to ll 1. 2 t)l(sN,4 Mcan max. 1)012.26 1011.66 101249 1010.94 1010.78 1009.67 1010.12 1011.29 1012.7t. 10 12.8' 1(112 4n 11.4. 1011 -_ Mean min. 1008.12 1007.45 1008.10 1006.85 1007.44 1006.62 1007.28 I008.20 I(0)9.2 0 I108.80 II)8 .-3 I18N 415 lOtlS w1 Ext. max. 1013.40 1013.16 1015.32 1013.31 1013.28 1013.33 1011.99 1013.52 1013.S3 1015.25 1014.t 3 11115.9 It)15.93 Date 28 18 27 15 4 13 23 27 21 13 3 21.21 Ext. min, 1006.48 1005.54 1004.61 1004.61 1005.38 1005.17 1005.14 1006.07 1007.69 I(l)7.03 IU(t.89 1(X17.9* 118t4.61 Date 30 1 1 20 29 25 6 31 I 14 4 1 1 7.11 Temperature (Celsius) Mean 27.8 28.2 28.5 28.8 29.0 28.4 28.4 27.7 27.1 27.1 26.9 17.1 27.9 Mean max. 33.5 34.0 34.3 34.3 32.6 32.3 32.3 31.6 30.4 32.0 31.4 32.n 32.t Mean min. 23.3 24.1 24.9 24.6 26.0 25.3 25.1 24.6 24.4 23.7 24 1 23.4 24.5 Ext. max. 34.8 35.1 36.1 36.8 35.1 34.5 34.2 33.4 32.4 33.5 34.4 34.5 36.8 Date 27 10 14 7 4 6.16 13 6 20.24 28 I. 26 Ext. min. 20.3 21.5 23.6 22.8 24.0 22.1 22.9 22.4 22.8 22.9 22.5 20.0 20.0 Date 18 26 27 5 21 11 28 27 19 14 16 13 Relative Humidity v%) Mean 70 75 75 78 81 83 82 85 86 86 82 78 80 Mean max. 84 90 89 91 89 92 91 93 92 96 92 91 91 Mean min. 52 57 58 61 72 72 72 75 79 71 70) 61 67 Ext. min. 42 42 46 48 61 61 64 69 70 61 58 51 42 Date 18.24 I I 5 4 15 2 5.23 2 26 13 24 Dew Point (Celsius) Mean 21.5 23 23.4 24.3 25.3 25 25 24.8 24.6 24.3 23.5 22.8 24.(1 Evaporation (mm.) Monthly totals . Cloudiness (0-10) Mean 5.6 6.5 7.9 7.7 8.7 8.7 8.7 0.9 8.7 8.2 8.1 5.6 7.1 Sunshine Duration (hr.) Monthly totals NO O)BSERVAT1ON Visibility (km.) Mean 9.0 9.2 9.1 9.0 9.8 9.1 8.7 9.1 8.8 9.1 8.6 9.1 9.1 Wind (Knots) Mean wind speed 5.8 4.2 4.3 3.7 8.3 6.3 7.4 6.3 7.4 2.8 5.6 4.4 5.5 Prevailing wind NE NE E W W W W W W W NE NE Max. wind speed 20 22 20 20 25 28 30 25 25 18 23 25 30 Direction ENE E E WNW W W W W vary W E E Date 23 27 3 7 9 20 9 3 (3) 12 19 21 Rainfall (mm.) Monthly totals 0.0 66.5 18.0 144.4 200.1 330.0 267.1 314.3 464.2 116.9 97.0 11.9 2030.4 Numberofrainydays 4 4 II 16 18 18 20 23 18 17 4 153 Daily maximum 0.0 51.5 9.7 40.0 77.6 63.6 122.0 66.8 89.8 24.2 35.1 8.6 122.0 Date 14 12 28 20 29 28 18 29 7 I1 3 Number of days with Fog 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 II 0 0 0 0 0 Haze 20 14 14 16 0 I 0 0 0 2 5 11 83 Hail 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Thunderstorm 0 1 2 8 2 5 3 6 0 7 2 1 37 Squall 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (1 0 (n) n is number of days with same occurrence Data processing sub-division. Climatology Division - is missing data or no observation Meteorological depaetment 13-Mar-95 3-40 ENVIOI/.961461T35-3-4.XLS (b) Temperature : Monthly mean temperature were in the ranges of 27.0-29.2'C with 28°C of annual value. The maximum and minimum values were found in March (37.8°C) and February (19.6°C) respectively. (c) Relative Humidity Monthly relative humidity were in the ranges of 72-85% with 79% of annual average value. Relative humidity during the wet season (May to November), is higher than dry season (December to April). (d) Wind : Monthly mean wind speed were in the ranges of 3.0-7.3 knots under the influence of 2 wind direction namely. West (April to October) and Northeast (March to November). (e) Rainfall Monthly mean rainfall ranged from 65-389 mm with 2,211.7 mm of annual rainfall. The maximum rainfall was experienced in September with 21.8 days. (3) Krabi Weather Station (Table 3.54) Krabi weather station has started to operate in 1994 (B.E.2537), the station was located at latitude 08°03'N, longitude 98°54'E. The meteorological data recorded comprise: ENV1018/HD/MAIN-E/CHAP3 FR 3-41 TABLE 3.5-4 METEOROLOGICAL DATA AT KRABI WEATHER STATION YEAR B.E. 2537 smor. KRABI Elevation or statio~n abo,se MISL it- hwdkx Station 48563 Height of barometer above MtSL l~etur, Latntude 08 03 N Hejehi of thermnometer atorc groundt Meter' Loingitude 98 54 E Height of ~iod vane above pround Meter' Helight ot rangut4ge Meier' Jan. Feb Miar. Apt. mav Jun. juo! AuL SeCr o e ta: Pressure (Hectopascal) Mean. - - ..- Ext. max. , Ext. mmn.- - -- - Mean dailv range 0.00 0.00 0.00 000O 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.(X) 0.1) (tAC 1(XI Temperature (Celsius) Mean - . - - . - . . - - Mean max. 33.3 34.0 33.5 33.5 32.0 31.8 31.4 30.8 30.3 31.8 31.3 32.3 32.2 Mean mnitt. 22.3 23.3 23.6 23.8 24.5 24.3 24.3 23.7 23.0 23.2 23.1 22.3 23.5 Ext. max. 34.3 36.6 35.3 36.3 33.6 34.5 33.3 33.4 32.4 34.0 33.4 33.6 36.6 Ext. mm. 20.2 21.5 22.5 22.7 23.5 22.2 22.2 21.8 22.0 22.0 22.1 19.5 19.5 Relative Humiditv M% Mean - - - - - - . - - - - - Mean max.- - - - . . - - - Mean mint. . - - - -- - Ext. min. - .-.- Dew Point (Celsius) Mean- . - .-. FvaLporation (mm.) Meant-pan- - -.--- Cloudines (0-10) Mean- - . - - Sunshine Duration (hr.) NO OBSERVATION Visibility (km.) 0700 L.S.T. 9.6 9.2 9.5 9.1 9.1 8.4 8.3 8.7 9.3 7.8 9.2 8.9 8.9 Mean - . - - - Wind (Knots) Mean wind speed . . . - . - - Prevaitmg wind NE NE NE W W W W W W W NE NE Max. wind speed 18 30 25 28 22 30 42 25 26 is 22 23 42 Rainfall lmm.) Mean 3.9 7.5 121.9 220.0 175.5 272.6 175.8 233.8 421.4 190.9 96.3 66.4 1986.0 Mean rainy day 2.0 4.0 14.0 13.0 21.0 17.0 20. 18.0 22.0 18.0 18.0 7.0 174.0 Greatest in 24 hr. 3.8 2.8 30.7 57.7 30.1 65.4 25.0 44.7 75.5 45.2 25.4 35.9 75.5 Number of days with Haze 2.0 9.0 4.0 7.0 0.0 8.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 7.0 4.0 3.0 48.0 Fog 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Hail 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 T'hunderstorm 0.0 3.0 12.0 10.0 2.0 7.0 8.0 7.0 2.0 20.0 4.0 4.0 79.0 Squall 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Data processing sub-division Climatology division Meteorological depanment 22-APR-96 ENVl0l*%l9646/T3`5-4.XLS - Temperature - Visibility - Wind (Speed and Direction) - Rainfall - Number of days with Haze. Fog. Hail, Thunderstorm and squall. The details were shown on Table 3.5-4 and can be summarized below. (a) Temperature The monthly maximum temperature were in the ranges of 30.3-33.5°C and the monthly minimum values ranged from 22.3 to 24.5 °C. (b) Wind . The monthly maximum wind speed ranged from 18 to 42 knots, the maximum value was found in July. The major prevailing wind were from west (April to October) and northeast (November to March). (c) Rainfall : The monthly mean rainfall ranged from 3.9 to 272.6 mm. with 1,986 mm. of annual rainfall. The maximum rainfall was experienced in June, the total of rainy day was 174 days. The meteorological data recorded at Ko Lanta during B.E.2534 to 2537 and at Krabi (B.E.2537) were not different from 30 year period record at KO Lanta. 3-43 ENVI018/HD/MAIN-E/CHAP3 FR 3.5.3.1.2 The Existing Air Qualitv at Power Plant and its *Vicinity The concentration of TSP and SO in the atmosphere are slightly high in EGAT power plant and its vicinity because of the operation of Lignite mining and power plant. From EGAT monitoring results during B.E.2531-2536. the 24-hr concentrations of TSP, NO, and SO2 were in the ranges of 3-927. 0-125 and 0-804 /4g/m3 respectively (Table 3.5-5). Almost of these maximum values were higher than the standard of 330 Ag/m3, 300 and 320 jig/m3 for 24-hr TSP, 24-hr SO. and 1-hr NO,. 3.5.3.2 Existing Air Quality during the First Measurement (January 1996) The results of air quality measurement at 5 designated stations for 3 consecutive days are described below: (1) Wind Speed and Direction During the first measurement in January, the major prevailing wind was from Northeast direction with approximately 39%. Percent of calm was 31 % and almost wind speed were in the ranges of 4-10 knot as shown in Figure 3.5-2 and Table 3.5-6. (2) PM10 (Table 3.5-7 and Figure 3.5-3) The concentration of PM1O at Ban Ko Phot and Ban Khlong Wai Lek during 16-18 January 1996 were in the ranges of 30-57 and 20-34 ^tg/m3 respectively with the 3 day average concentration of 40.3 at Ban Ko Phot and 29.33 ,ug/m3 at Ban Khlong Wai Lek. For the concentration at Rongrian Ban Thung Sakhon, EGAT power plant and Wat Pakasai during 19-21 January 1996, it was found that the ranges of concentration were 43-52, 20-33, and 41-58 tg/m3 respectively. The 3 day average concentration at Rongrian Ban Thung Sakhon, EGAT power plant and Wat Pakasai were 46.33, 25.67 and 51.0 14g/m3 respectively. The maximum value at Ban Pakasai was found on January 19, 1996 and was approximately 48% of standard value of 120 ,ug/m3 (Notification of National Environnental Board No.10 B.E.2538). (3) 24-hr of SO2 The concentrations were not detectable (less than 10 /Ig/m3) during 3 day measurement at Ban Pakasai. For Ban Thung Sakhon and Ban Khlong Wai Lek, the measurement were not detectable for 2 days and 1 day concentrations were 10.86 and 10.65 Ag/m3 respectively. The concentration at Ban Ko Phot were found for 2 days with the values of 10.28 and 11.05 /Ag/m3. The 24-hr concentration 3-44 ENV1OI81HD/MAIN-E/CHAP3 FR TAIBLE 3.5-E5 AIR QUALITY MONITORING OF TSP, NO2 AND SO2 DURING B.E. 2530-2536 Concentration:(pg/m ) Year TSP (1) NO: (I) SO2 (I) St. I St. 2 St. 3 St. I St. 2 St. 3 St. I St. 2 St. 3 I year 24 hour I year 24 hour I year 24 hour I year 24 hour I year 24 hour 1 year 24 hour I year 24 [lour I year 24 hiour I year 24 h1(Im 2531 41 121 108 832 - - - - - - - - 8-13 97 3 43 2532 57 14-337 164 30-875 - - 13 0-58 I 1 0-37 - - 8 0-82 9 0-114 2533 55 4-316 79 6-283 - - 10 0-125 8 0-46 - - 5 0-75 8 0-427 2534 41 4-125 64 11-389 - - 4 0-10 4 1-9 - - 4 0-101 4 0-11S 2535 93 3-904 - - 44 0-163 3 0-10 - - 5 0-12 3 0-118 - - 8 0-511 2536 88 18-927 - - 37 0-191 5 0-18 - - 6 0-19 8 0-108 - - 9 (0-804 Sum 41-93 3-927 64-164 6-875 37-44 0-191 3-13 0-125 4-11 0-46 5-6 0-19 3-13 0-118 3-9 0-427 8-9 0-804 Standard I year = 100 24 hr = 330 1 year = (0, 1-hr = 320 1 year = 100 24 hr =3( Source: EGAT Note: (1) St. I Near football fuld of EGAT (2) St. 2 Entrane to Wai Lek Mining (3) St. 3 Resident of EGAT Staff ENV/IOoIjI6frAB35-5.XLS N W E /\ ~~31 WS ESEE SS 40% O 4 16 | 7 _ z7 KNOT WIND ROSE 51A 3.5-2 L 8 LTauA3J 2539 FIGURE 3.5-2 : WIND ROSE OF KRABI WEATHER STATION IN JANUARY, 1996 3-46 TABLE 3.5-6 PERCENTAGE OF WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION AT KRABI IN JANrUARY 1996 Wind speed- Direction N NE E SE S SWV 1-3 knots 2.6 5.8 0.6 0.6 1 3 - 1.3 4-16 knots 10.3 33.5 6.5 1.9 3.9 - CALM 31% ENVI018/95192irAB35.XLS 3-47 TABLE 3.5-7 THE CONCENTRATION OF PNI10 (FIRST MEASUREMENT. JANUARY 1996) Station Date 24 hr Concentration (Agim) I Ban Ko Phot 16 Jan 39 30 17 Jan 39 34 18 Jan 39 57 Mean 40.33 2 Ban Khlong Wai Lek 16 Jan 39 20 17 Jan 39 34 18 Jan 39 34 Mean 29.33 3 Rongrian Ban Thung Sakhon 19 Jan 39 44 20 Jan 39 43 21 Jan 39 52 Mean 46.33 4 EGAT Power Plant 19 Jan 39 33 20 Jan 39 24 21 Jan 39 20 Mean 25.67 5 Wat Pakasai 19 Jan 39 58 20 Jan 39 54 21 Jan 39 41 Mean 51.00 Standard 120 Source: TEAM Consulting Engineers Co., Ltd., B.E. 2539 Note: Notification of National Environmental Board No.10 (B.E.2538) ENVIOI/96192TrAB35-7.XLS 3 8 140 120 iO Z . _ FIRST SURVEY F 80 . I ISECOND SURVEY ST N-STANDARD VALE z 60 0 2 40- a. 20- 0 BAN KO0 PHOT BAN KHLQNG WAI LEK RONG RAIN BAN KRABI POWER PLANT WAT PAKASAI THUNG SAKHON STATION FIGURE 3.5-3 PM 10 MEASUREMENT NEAR THE PROJECT AREA at EGAT power plant were in the rances of 11.34-29.15 ,ug/m'. the maximum concentration was approximately 9.72% of standard (see Table 3.5-8 and Figure 3.5- 4). (4) 1-hr of NO, The 1-hr concentrations of NO. were in the ranges of ND to 17.59 pg/m3, the maximum concentration was experienced at EGAT power plant which is approximately 5.59% of standard (320 11g/m3). Details were shown in Table 3.5-8 and Figure 3.5-5. (5) TSP The results were shown in Table 3.5-8, the ranges of 24-hr concentration were 26.02-84.19 ,ug/m3. The maximum value was found at Ban Ko Phot (Figure 3.5-6) which is approximately 25.51 % of standard (330 jg/m3). (6) 1-hr S02 The ranges of 1-hr SO, concentration at 5 designed stations were 12.10 to 31.75 Ag/m3 (Table 3.5-9), the maximum was experienced at Ban Pakasai. Comparing to the standard of 1-hr SO2, the maximum value was approximately 4.07% of standard recommended by DPC (Department of Pollution Control, B.E.2538). 3.5.3.3 The Second Measurement of Existing Air Quality (March 1996) The second measurements were carried on during March 1996 and can be summarized below. (1) Wind Speed & Direction During March 1996, the prevailing wind are mostly from East direction with the percentage of 20, Southwest (14 %) and Northeast (11 %) because this month is in the period of the monsoon interchange. Major wind speed is in the range of 8-12 knot (34%) and the second is in the range of 4-6 knot (26%) as shown in Figure 3.5-7 (Table 3.5-10). (2) PM1O The 24-hr concentration ranged from 31 to 76 Ag/m3, the maximum was experienced at Ban Ko Phot. Concerning 3 day average concentration, the maximum was experienced at Wat Pakasai with the concentration of 63 ,g/m3 (Table 3.5-11). ENV1o08/HD/MAIN-E/CHAP3 FR TABLE 3.5-8 RESULTS OF AIR QUALITY FOR THE FIRST MEASUREMENT DURING 16-30 JANUARY 1996 Concentration (tg/m Station Date S02 NO2 TSP 24-hr 1-hr 24-hr I Ban Ko Phot 16 Jan 39 11.05 ND 52.93 17 Jan 39 10.28 12.42 53.4 18 Jan 39 ND 10.55 84.19 2 Krabi Power Plant 19 Jan 39 11.34 14.87 49.19 20 Jan 39 29.15 12.92 30.21 21 Jan 39 22.82 17.89 31.79 3 Ban Khlong Wai Lek 22 Jan 39 10.65 10.28 75.63 23 Jan 39 ND 13.16 71.54 24 Jan 39 ND ND 45.19 4 Ban Pakasai 25 Jan 39 ND 12.02 27.53 26 Jan 39 ND 10.54 26.02 27 Jan 39 ND 10.2 28.33 5 Ban Thung Sakhon 28 Jan 39 ND ND 44.74 29 Jan 39 ND ND 48.1 30 Jan 39 10.86 10.08 65.19 Standard 300 320 330 Source: Field Investigation by TEAM Consulting Engineers Co., Ltd. Note ND: Not Detectable (Less than 10 pg/mr) 3-51 ENV1018/96192jrAB3" .X1LS E N. 350 z 300 0 , 250 21 . .Nl F*IRST SURVEY U z 0 200 E.. SECOND SURVEY w in --STA NDAR D VAL U E 1 50 0 _II I I - BAN KO PHOT BAN KHLONG WAI LEK RONG RAIN BAN KRABI POWER PLANT WAT PAKASAI THUNG SAKHOH STATION FIGURE 3,5-4 : SULFURE DIOXIDE ( SO) MEASUREMENT NEAR PROJECT AREA E 350 = 300 0 250 I- z 200 150 z 0 a z 50 i lu I 0 lr 0 z P~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~IST SURVEY 13AN KO PHOT BAN KHLONG WAI LEK RONG RAIN BAN4 KRABI POWER PLANT WAT PAKASAI LIZSECOND SURVEY THUNG SAKHON STANDAtRD VALUE, STATIO0N FIGURE 3.5-5 NITROGEN DIOXIDE t N02) MEASUREMENT NEAR THE PROJECT AREA E 350 0 I-- z _ J w F 250 0L w i 200 05 z a. Cl' 50 ] uLnnFIRST SURVEY o 0 IEIISECOND SURVEY BAN KO PHOT BAN KHLONG WAI LEK RONG RAIN BAN KRABI POWER PLANT WAT PAKASAI -STANDARD VALUE THUNG SAKHON STATION FIGURE 3.5-6 TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATE (TSP) MEASUREMENT NEAR THE PROJECT AREA 1-hr SO2 CONCENTRATION DURING TIIE FIRST MEASUREMENT Station EGAT Ban Khlong Wai Lek Ran Ko Pbol Wat Pakasal RongrlaBanflIn Titing Sakliiin Time , 13 Mar 90 14 Mar 96 15 Mar 96 16 Mar 96l 17 Mar 96 18 Mar 96 19 Mar 96 20 Mar 96 21 Mar 96 22 Mar 96 23 Mar 96 24 Mar 96 25 Mar 96 26 Miar 96 57 Mar 9t 07.008.W0 14.71 13.92 13.60 12.8X 12.74 12.54 18.14 17.24 17.33 23.54 21.92 21.49J 18.31 17.05 1(.72 08.00-09.00 14.14 14.20 13.79 13.17 12.94 12.9)0 17.91 17.77 17.66 23.84 22.33 21.74 IR.54 17.37 1I.01 09.0- 10.00 13.92 14.48 14.31 15.23 13.17 13.02 18.10 1 8.0X) 1.52 24.27 22.71 22.11 18.$8 17(T 17.20 10.W0-I 1.00 14.52 15.03 14.74 20.40 13.50 13.26 18.25 18.46 18.67 24.54 22.95 22.46 19.0l 1 7.R5 17.47 I .L0 12.00 15.39 15.16 14.S4 19.78 13.78 13.44 20.79 19.01 19.15 31.75 23.52 23.03 24.7(0 18.2') I A.JI 12.00-13.00 20.55 15.42 15.11 19.50 14.0 13.71 25.79 19.49 19.53 30.35 23.92 23.46 23.60 18.61 18 25 13.00-14.00 19.94 16.63 15.40 16.11 14.18 13.97 25.22 19.66 19.93 29.51 24.30 23.87 22.95 1I.1XI 18.56 14.WX-15.00 18.97 16.22 14.86 15.68 14.42 14.18 24.78 19.53 19.87 27.43 22.17 24.06 21.34 17.24 1 R71 15.W--16.00 18.26 16.01 14.67 15.42 14.24 14.00 24.13 19.34 19.63 26.92 21.92 23.76 20.94 17.t15 18.4R 16.00-17.00 17.19 15.56 14.47 15.09 14.18 13.78 23.02 19.01 19.36 26.00 24.22 23.36 21).22 18.84 18.17 17.W0-IR.W0 16.29 15.27 14.21 14.77 14.11 13.66 21.15 18.75 19.03 25.25 23.60 23.0() 1).63 18.35 17.8R) 18.W19.W0 15.62 14.54 13.89 14.62 13.98 13.60 20.60 18.63 18.88 24.35 23.25 23.17 18.94 18(\8 18.112 19.00-20.00 15.22 14.11 13.63 14.43 13.74 13.55 20.24 18.48 18.73 23.33 22.95 22.71 18.14 17.85 17.66 20.W0-21.00 14.69 14.20 13.45 14.18 13.60 13.47 19.74 18.31 18.63 22.98 22.71 22.41 17.87 17.6(6 17.4) 2 1.W-22.WX 14.50 13.65 13.16 13.94 13.46 13.38 19.24 18.14 18.38 22.65 22.28 22.38 17.62 17.33 17.41 22.00-23.00 14.30 13.55 13.01 13.60 13.31 13.20 18.54 18.08 18.27 22.41 22.11 21.79 17.43 17.201 (16.9 23.00-24.00 14.01 13.52 12.94 13.39 13.26 13.10 18.25 18.02 18.19 22.19 21.68 21.63 17.26 16.86 16.82 24.00-01.00 13.99 14.18 13.33 13.26 13.07 12.9)0 17.93 17.91 1 8.0S 22.14 21.63 21.49 17.22 16.82 I1f.72 01.00-02.00 14.13 14.13 13.24 12.98 12.70 12.66 17.56 17.77 18.04 21.98 21.33 2(0.XI 17.09) 16.9) 1.25 02.00-03.00 13.84 13.97 13.29 12.S3 12.40 12.48 17.30 17.62 17.64 21.65 21.22 2()60 16.84 16.51 1t.012 03.00-04.00 13.97 13.97 13.46 12.77 12.21 12.35 17.12 17.24 . 17.58 21.79 20l(XI 2(0.55 16115 16.25 15.9 04.W05.00 13.92 14.06 13.52 12.37 12.48 12.30 16.99 17.09 17.43 21.0)9 20.79 20.33 16.4(1 1(6 17 15.81 05.W-06.00 13.70 13.96 13.45 12.18 12.40 12.16 16.8(1 17.03 17.26 21.44 20.66 2(0.49 16.07 16( 6 5.9J1 06.00-07.00 13.53 13.82 13.58 12.48 12.30 12.10 17.41 17.56 17.66 22.03 21.03 20.74 17.14 1636 t6 13 Mean 15.39 14.56 13.91 14.63 13.34 13.15 19.79 IR.26 18.48 24.31 22.34 22.15 1I.91 17.47 1.71 Max. 20.55 16.63 15.40 20.40 14.42 14.18 25.79 19.66 19.93 31.75 24.3) 24.t(K 24.711 18 Xl IX 11 Min. 13.53 13.52 12.49 12.18 12.21 12.10 16.80 17.03 17.26 21 .H) 2(10.0 2t).33 1t.41 1 6 06 15 R1 Standard 780 ENV 1Ol/96192[TAB35-9.XLS NNW NNE w NE~~~~~~~~~~~~ WWN E NE WSW XSE S 40 % 2-4 4-6 6-9 8-12 > 12 KNOT WIND SPEED lijI s 3.5.7 : 2539 FIGURE 3.5-7 : WIND ROSE OF KRABi WEATHER IN MARCH,1996 3-56 TABLE 3.5-10 PERCENTAGE OF WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION (KRABI) MARCH 1996 Direction Wind Speed (knot) 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-12 > 12 N 1.29 - - 0.65 - NNE - 1.29 1.29 3.23 NE 1.29 2.58 - 5.81 1.29 ENE 1.29 0.65 - - 0.65 E 1.94 7.1 8.39 2.58 ESE 0.65 1.94 - 1.94 0.65 SE - 0.65 - - SSE - - - S 1.29 1.94 2.58 SSW - 0.65 0.65 SW 0.65 4.52 9.03 - WSW 0.65 - - 0.65 W 3.23 1.94 1.29 0.65 WNW - 1.94 0.65 - NW 0.65 - NNW - - -- % 12.28 25.85 1.29 34.22 6.47 CALM 20 3-57 ENV1018/961921rAB35-1O.XI..S TABLE 3.5-11 THE RESULTS OF PM1O CONCENTRATION DURING THE SECOND MEASUREMENT (13-27 MlARCH 1996) Station Date 24-hr Concentration (pg/m I I Ban Ko Phot 19 Mar 39 44 20 Mar 39 37 21 Mar 39 76 Mean 52.33 2 Ban Khlong Wai Lek 16 Mar 39 46 17 Mar 39 50 18 Mar 39 57 Mean 51.00 3 Rongrian Ban Thung Sakhon 25 Mar 39 35 26 Mar 39 44 27 Mar 39 48 Mean 42.33 4 EGAT Power Plant 13 Mar 39 31 14 Mar 39 33 15 Mar 39 38 Mean 34.00 5 Wat Pakasai 22 Mar 39 48 23 Mar 39 73 24 Mar 39 68 Mean 63.00 Standard 120 Source: Field investigation by TEAM Consulting Engineers Co., Ltd., 1996 Note: Notification of National Environmental Board No.10 (B.E. 2538) 3-58 ENV101W%96I921rAB35-1 I.XLS (3) 24-hr SO. (Table 3.5-12) The results of measurement were found that the concentration at some stations were not detectable during 3 day measurement such as Ban Ko Phot and Rongrian Ban Thung Sakhon. One day concentration at Wat Pakasai was 10.18 ,ug/m3 the other 2 days concentration were not detectable. The concentrations at Krabi power plant and Ban Khlong Wai Lek were in the ranges of 11.6 to 32.8 ,zg/m'. The highest concentration value found at Krabi power plant was 10.9% of the standard value of 300 luglm3. (4) NO2 NO2 concentrations (1 hr) were found from 3 day measurements at Ban Ko Phot, Ban Khlong Wai Lek and Wat Pakasai with the ranges of 10.04-21.04 izg/m3 (Table 3.5-12) (The NO, concentrations were found less than 10 tg/m3 in one day). The concentration found was 3-6.6% of the standard value of 320 ig/m3. (5) TSP The concentration of 24-hr of TSP were in the ranges of 43.11- 112.55 ,ug/m3 the maximum was experienced at Ban Ko Phot with approximately 34% of standard value of 330 yg/m3 (Table 3.5-12). (6) 1-hr S02 The results of second measurement were found that ground level concentrations of 1-hr SO2 ranged from 9.4 to 36.8 Ag/m3, the 1-hr SO2 ranged from 9.4 to 36.8 yg/m3 (Table 3.5-13), the maximum was experienced at Rongrian Ban Thung Sakhon. 3-59 ENVIOIg/HDIMAIN-E/CHAP3 FR TABLE 3.5-12 AIR QUALITY RESULTS FOR THE SECOND MEASUREMENTS DURING 13-27 MARCH 1996 Concentration (±g/m Station Date SO2 NO2 TSP 24-hr 1-hr 24-hr I Ban Ko Phot 19 Mar 39 ND 12.12 70.79 20 Mar 39 ND ND 65.49 21 Mar39 ND 14.62 112.55 2 EGAT Po ver Plant 13 Mar 39 20.04 18.05 45.43 14 Mar 39 31.12 19.72 43.11 15 Mar 39 32.88 21.04 49.78 3 Ban Khlong Wai Lek 16 Mar 39 14.62 ND 70.79 17 Mar 39 13.14 12.65 86.52 18 Mar 39 11.6 13.08 75.21 4 Wat Pakasai 22 Mar 39 10.18 12.18 82.33 23 Mar 39 ND 10.62 59.44 24 Mar 39 ND ND 76.65 5 Rongrian Ban Thung Sakhon 25 Mar 39 ND 10.04 55.77 26 Mar 39 ND 10.10 50.24 27 Mar 39 ND 12.22 67.88 Standard 300 320 330 Source: Field investigation by TEAM Consulting Engineers Co., Ltd., 1996 Not: ND: Not Detectable (Less than 10 pg/mr) 3-60 ENV1018/96192/TAB35-12.XLS TABL 3.5-13 1-hr SO, CONCENTRATION D)URING THE SECOND MEASUREMENT * t Iil: It18/lll~pil Station FGAT Ban Khlong Wai Lek Hlan Ko Phr>t Wat Pakasal Rongri n flam IThong Sklilhon Time .. 10 May 96 11 May 90 12 May 98 1S May 96 14 May 98 15 May 96 16 May 98 17 May 98 18 May 96 19 May 98 20 May 98 21 Mny 98 22 May 9e 23 Mnay 9 2 4 Mny 1n 07.00-08.00 9.40 11.75 10.65 10.44 9.92 10.44 11.48 15.40 18.0l 1.79 19.31 20.10 9.41) IRA0 R.I"2 08.0t-09.00 11.75 12.79 11.80 12.27 10.96 11.49 13.83 I8.0I 20.10 20.36 20.36 22.71 11.75- 20.1(1 111 \( 09181-I0.001 14.R 14.36 14.50 13.57 f 5.66 13.05 16.91 19.31 23.23 26,10 22.71 27.40 1W4RR 25.12 I E 66 I0.0- 11.W 1 6.97 15.92 12.01 14.88 15.92 15.92 16.70 21.14 24.27 26.62 24.79 16.97 16.97 25.58 15 I1? I 1.WX-1200 19.31 17.75 18.86 16.44 12.53 16.18 18.01 22.71 27.67 29.75 27.14 19.31 19-31 27.9.1 12 51 12.X- I 3.0 22.19 19.05 21.00 23.23 17.49 16.70 19.05 25.(J6 2R.45 31.58 31.32 22.19 22.19) 36I R I ( t15 13.00-14.WX 20.R8 24.80 22.45 14.36 13.31 15.14 19.58 25.84 27.14 31.32 30.(J 24.79 24.79 34 97 191J.E 14.00-15.00 21.14 25.32 20.88 14.62 13.05 12.79 20.62 26.36 29.23 25.110 25.006 25.32 25.32 31,32 20.1 i 1 5.AX I 6.WX 19.84 19.05 22.45 14.88 16.70 14.09 16.44 21.40 26.10 27. 14 27.14 19.5( 19.11 311.54 I67(1 16.10-17.00 17.75 14.36 19.84 14.88 14.62 12.01 19.84 21.4(9 24.01 33.41 27.67 14.35 35 5.0 17.75 14 ( 17.W018.00 15.40 11.22 12.79 13.57 13.R3 12.01 16.44 20.62 23.49 26.88 23.23 27.40) 27.4l 9 1.83 15.11A I R.0 19.00 17.75 14.09 16.80 14.09 12.79 12.53 13.83 19.53 23.75 26.36 23.49 27.67 25.R4 12.79 17.75 19.W-20.00 15.40 12.53 13.54 11.75 14.36 13.57 13.57 19.05 24.27 24.53 24.(1 24.27 24.01 14.35 15.4( a' 20.00-21.00 12.27 12.53 12.32 15.66 16.18 14.36 15.66 20.36 24.27 24.01 23.49 22.19 21.14 96.98 12.27 21.00-22.0 13.05 12.53 12.62 14.36 15.40 14.36 13.R3 16.97 22.97 22.45 22.71 2(0.88 20.36 15.4AI1 1 WII 22.00-23.0W 12.01 11.22 11.88 14.88 94.8R 13.57 11.75 18.09 2(9.10 22.71 22.19 20.62 20.62 14.88 1 M11 23.00-24.0(K 11.22 10.96 II.15 13.83 14.09 12.79 11.75 15.14 18.OI 21.14 20.RR 19.tJ5 I1.R4 14.trl 11972 24.WX-OI.tW 11.4R 10.96 11.22 13.31 14.09 12.53 11.22 94.62 17.75 19.5R 21.66 211.36 19.58 E 4 (9) HA.4R OI.00-02.w 11.22 11.4R 11.30 13.05 14.09 12.01 11.48 14.62 19.115 20.01 201.36 98.79 19.015 h14 t9 11.27 02.0U-03.00 10.44 12.01 11.52 12.79 13.05 12.27 9.92 14.62 1.27 18.27 19.R4 1K.05 I9.53 I I.t5 Il41t 03.004.00 10.96 12.27 11.20 13.31 12.79 12.79 WA.IR 15.92 1.27 19.84 20.36 19.79 19.53 1 71) M96 04.W0-05.W 10.70 12.01 I0.80 12.01 12.79 12.01 11.48 15.92 19.27 19.31 2(.10 1I.53 98.5t3 1 71) I11.7t 05.0(-06.00 10.70 12.27 11.20 13.05 12.79 12.27 10.70 15.40 18.53 IR.27 2(1.36 19.58 18 71) 12 77) It 17) 06.W0-07.OU 10.44 12.27 11.88 12.79 12.79 12.79 11.48 15.40 98.79 19.115 19.58 IR.53 I 9.5l 1:' 79' It 419 Mean 14.46 14.31 14.36 14.08 13.92 13.24 14.3R IR.83 22.25 23.86 23.24 21 16 70. I 1.) 26 1 1 Max. 22.19 25.32 22.45 23.23 17.49 16.70 20.62 26.36 29.23 33.41 113.2 27.40 I55I9 16 RtP 7217 Min. 9.40 10.96 10.65 10.44 9.92 10.44 9.92 14.62 17.75 19.27 I1.31 14 15 94l4 '7 7') "J7 Standard 780 EV 0IWIP6 92JrA319. I ILS 3.6 NOISE 3.6.1 Introduction Project development during both construction and operation period may probably induce the disturbance of communities nearby interm of increased noise level, therefore existing noise level must be measured for further impact assessment analysis. 3.6.2 Study Methodology The existing noise levels were measured at 5 designed stations (same as air quality measurement stations: (See Figure 3.6-1) with 2 parameters of Leq(24) and Ldn by using Precision Integrating Sound Level Meter. The noise level measurements were carried out at 1.0-1.5 meter from ground level for 2 consecutive days (Photo 3.6- 1). The measurements have been done for 2 periods (January and March 1996). In addition, the noise sources and nearby receptors were also investigated to be basic information for further impact assessment. 3.6.3 Results of the Study 3.6.3.1 Results of Noise Measurement (First Period) The existing noise levels (Leq 24) during January, 18-30, 1996 at 5 monitoring stations were in the ranges of 50-59 dB(A), the maximum value was experienced at EGAT power plant area. This noise level value is acceptable comparing with the standard value of 70 dB(A) recommended by US.EPA and World Bank. Concerning to Ldn, the ranges of Ldn were found at 54-61 dB(A) with the maximum value at Ban Ko Phot. The details of existing noise level during 18-30 January 1996 were shown in Table 3.6-1, Figure 3.6-2 and 3.6-3. 3-62 ENV1018/HD/MA1N-E/CHAP3 FR /U B v / / } m U 2 5 / \ ' * BAN N WANCAN R\ ( YAJ BN KM T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~g XHUA (o-\ )- A20487M WOW N W tJ as : dut_I NOIS£ LEV£L "£ASLjRING STATIONS J~~~B R\8\AN KHLO.G KHM iIi ; 2, *" /9,o £ /_OfF',{ fifIC 1.O /~~~~~~~~~~~ , ,, ! ' ' c LLIJtc a N /~~~~~~~~~~A . 12W s4ssw,~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.TLN.SKO 5ts~~~t 3. AUNG RnLAMuJanuss VI-AADn k FIGURE~~~~~~~~~~~M 3.6-1: THE HUMIN F OS E ESRN STIONS LAN! (IUUWM. ROA ..Y ,,', &'A N o~un A U c 11J--- awil LAiCRTIC ROAD /:~< 'IWU2 BAN :WILAGE & 'VsAIIJL2 SCHOOL 8800 000 N NOISE LCN!L MEASURING STATIONS 250.ooO E -4300 CODE 0301 080WA FIGURE 3.6-1 THE LOCATIONS OF NOISE LEVEL MEASURING STATIONS a ~~~~ Photo 3.6-1: Noise Level Measuning Station around Ban Khlong Wai Lek 3-6~4 TABLE 8.6-1 THE EXISTING NOISE LEV EL DURING 18-30 JANUARY 1996 Unit: dB(A) Monitoring Station Date Ldn Leq (24) 1. Ban Ko Phot 18 Jan. 39 60.39 56.82 19 Jan. 39 61.38 58.49 2. EGAT Power Plant 21 Jan. 39 59.14 54.53 22 Jan. 39 60.43 59.42 3. Ban Khlong Wai Lek 23 Jan. 39 55.72 50.35 24 Jan. 39 56.14 51.18 4. Wat Pakasai 26 Jan. 39 56.9 52.49 27 Jan. 39 55.88 51.23 5. Rongrian Ban Thung Sakhon 29 Jan. 39 54.98 50.99 30 Jan. 39 54.71 50.81 Source: Field investigation by TEAM CONSULTING ENGINEERS CO., LTD., 1996 3-65 ENV1O18I961 10trAB36-1 XLS 90 -80 a 70 *60- -J50- -j 'hi LAJ > 40- 30 0 Z20 10- 0 I_FiRST SURVEY BAN KO PHOT BAN KHIONG WAI LEK RONG RAIN BAN KRABI POWER PLANT WAT PAKASAI [ZSECOND SURVEY THUNG SAKHON .-STANDARD VALUE STATION FIGURE 3.0-2 NOISE LEVEL ( Leq (24)) NEAR THE PROJECT AREA 70 60 40 30 5 BAN KO PHOT BAN KHLONtG WAI LEK RONG RAIN BAN KRABI POWER PLANT WAT PAKASAI IISECOND !SURVE THUNG SAKHON 70 SATTIOXX 'FIGURE 3.6-3 NOISE LEV/EL ( Ldn )MEASUREMENT NEAR THE PROJECT AREA |l ., s~~ 3.6.3.2 Results of Noise Measurement (Second Period) During 14-27 March 1996 of second measurement (Table 3.6-2 and Figure 3.6-2), Leq 24 were found in the ranges of 49.69-60.20 dB(A) with the maximum level at Ban Ko Phot which is similar to the first period. In case of Ldn, the maximum Ldn level was experienced at Ban Ko Phot with value of 66.38 dB(A) (See details in Table 3.6-2). 3.7 SURFACE WATER HYDROLOGY 3.7.1 Introduction The construction activities of the power plant may induce the alteration of Khlong or stream due to the sedimentation of soil and sand from construction site, the natural water source disturbance from transportation and etc. Therefore, surface water hydrology was investigated, this study will concentrate on the existing situation relating to project development which will be basic information for further impact assessment study, mitigation measures and monitoring program suggestion. The followings are the specific objectives. (1) To collect the physical characteristics of hydrology in the project areas and its vicinity which may be disturbed. (2) To assess the impact on surface water hydrology due to project development including mitigation measures and monitoring program. 3.7.2 Study Methodology (1) To investigate general situations of surface water hydrology of natural water source and developed source such as Khlong condition, depth, flow, cross section etc. These water sources are Khlong Pakasai, Khlong Phela, EGAT reservoirs etc. (2) Relevant data on surface water hydrology were collected from related firm such as EGAT and Royal Irrigation Department including field investigation. 3-68 ENV1018/HD/MAIN-E/CHAP3 FR TABLE 3.6-2 THE EXISTING NOISE LEVEL DURING 14-27 MARCH 1996 Unit: dB(A) Monitoring Station Date Ldn Leq (24) 1. Ban Ko Phot 20 Mar. 39 66.38 60.2 21 Mar. 39 59.44 55.42 2. EGAT Power Plant 14 Mar. 39 55.82 51.62 15 Mar. 39 55.12 50.46 3. Ban Khlong Wai Lek 17 Mar. 39 55.22 49.85 18 Mar. 39 55.02 49.69 4. Wat Pakasai 23 Mar. 39 57.5 54.23 24 Mar. 39 57.47 54.05 5. Rongrian Ban Thung Sakhon 26 Mar. 39 56.28 51.08 27 Mar. 39 56.38 50.94 Source: Field Investigation by TEAM CONSULTING ENGINEERS CO., LTD. 1996 ENVi101 8/619rAB36-2.X1S 3-69 3.7.3 Results of the Study 3.7.3.1 General Condition In the project area and its vicinity consists of 2 major water sources namely, natural water source and developed water source. The natural water sources are from the mountain in the north and the east of project location such as Khlong Phela, Khlong Pakasai and Khlong Yan Saba. The developed water sources are 2 EGAT reservoirs (Figure 3.7-1). 3.7.3.2 Natural Water Source The natural water source involved with project operation are Khlong Pakasai and Khlong Phela which can be described below. (1) Khlong Pakasai The origin of this Khlong is in the mountain in the north of project location in the area of King Amphoe Nua Khlong, Amphoe Muang, Changwat Krabi. The tributaries of Khlong Pakasai comprise. Huai Tong, Khlong Tank, Huai Tank Ngu, Khlong Bang Phung, Khlong Intanin and Khlong Kok Sai. Flow direction is north-south with approximately 70 km of all distance, 10-20 m of Khlong width, 2-7 meter of depth and 59 km2 of watershed area. This Khlong passes the project area in the east with 100 m of distance from project boundary and runs to combine with Khlong Phela in the southeast direction with approximately 5.5 km of distance and ends at Andaman sea at Tambon Pakasai. The areas within the ranges of project location to river mouth, were influenced by sea water therefore the mangrove plants were found with high fertility eventhough the forest has been destroyed continuously. Runoff data of Khlong Pakasai as recorded in B.E. 2529-2532 at station X. 133 (Figure 3.7-2) of Energy Promotion and Development Department (Ban Hua Saphan) were as follows: Mean annual runoff was 38.91 Mm3 (see Table 3.7-1). Mean annual flow rates at intake location were 93.3 m3/sec with the maximum flow rate of 110 m3/sec (June) and minimum flow rate of 80 m3/sec (January and March) (See details in Table 3.7-2). 3-70 ENVIOMMHD/MAIN-E/CHAP3 FR N I I 1 1 -' , , , I 1/ m:mi'WC SC_Y . \s/ />u- rnnam ,Ar .ROAD uo K": heoUUsw / di We f S..f i1,< ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~SM '.tA v * ii~~~~uUlul4uo * S. IIJI T Ou t ->; >- 9 J * AJO SUSAN (3) a nfiA YaJC | i ffia u aco of - Jx aan U~~~~~~4IU (Lr~ ~~~~~~~v"U M A26 SH T f \- N / G SAM ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~S / iusu,\~ * ' ) I SU*W; (-) K.---r~~~~~~~~~a *l E U5U R,t6,@,~\ \ > \ § ttU ZDM19 % / <(' / =A22c=; \ V t A l \l aa f f 8W>A n '.__', mp KU /ONG T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~U} luaJ I J S fCo.COb t ~ ~~~~~tlO OM _k PRADC Zato I I I I I I I --I I' I ' CCDC :w^ivI vC MO 3 50 YA 500.000 C ~ ~ ~ omwc 1Lo 3300 I I I Ioo 11A .3.7-l: oni-Agynimn inkninuustwhfiuntr FIGURE 3.7-1: SURFACE HYDROLOGY AT THE STUDY AREA 3-71 i* tS... .... .. . ]~~~~~~~~~~~-~ - -.;r1 11~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Y1, .i A \ ,..A..-'_ 'I *t. *:.X14 M'>-* 3.. f f> | 4} R l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I 7~~~~~~~7 ]"I~~~~ I 111Y1~0 1 d~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~N n0 1 1 1 A. . I i S.7.2 :*mXS1iS,w1U*S:N,~~~~~~x - i . t FIGURE S.7w2 : WATER MEASURING STATION AROUND J HUA SAPHAN | g; ',, Y TABLE 8.7-1 MEAN MONTHLY RUNOFF IN KHLONG PAKASAI AT BAN HUA SAPHAN STATION DURING THE YEAR B.E. 2529-2532 Month Runoff (million cubic meter) January 1.11 February 0.63 March 0.41 Apnil 0.67 May 1.72 June 1.36 July 2.08 August 5.28 September 7.88 October 7.95 November 6.97 December 2.85 Total 38.91 Source: Department of Energy Development and Promotion, B.E.2534. L 3-73 ENV/1081/961 10'rAB37-I.XLS TABLE 3.7-2 FLOW RATES OF KHLONG PAKASAI AT INTAKE LOCATION Month Flow Rate (m /sec) Minimum Maximum Mean January 80.0 101.0 90.5 February 81.0 94.0 87.5 March 80.0 103.0 91.5 April 82.0 101.0 91.5 May 84.0 108.0 96.0 June 84.0 110.0 97.0 July 83.0 106.0 94.5 August 84.0 104.0 94.0 September 83.0 109.0 96.0 October 85.0 108.0 96.5 November 83.0 105.0 94.0 December 82.0 102.0 92.0 Mean 82.5 104.0 93.3 Note: - Flow rate were calculated from crosstion areas at intake location studied by EGAT (B.E. 2538) as shown in Figure 3.7-3. - Velocity used in this calculation is from the study of TESCO Co., Ltd. (B.E.2528) at the downstream of intake location (Figure 3.74). 3-74 ENV 101W% 6l rAB37-2XLS 3.00 _ _ _ _ _ _ 2.00 1.00 0.00 -1.00. -~2.00 - -3.00 -4.00 ~ -5.00 -6.00 -7.00 -8.00 _____________ 0 ~~~10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 Dist - M. SOURCE: ELECTRICrTY GENERATING AUTNORITY AT THAILAND. 2538 FIGURE 3.7 - 3 : CROSS SECTION AT KHLDNG PAKASAI NEARLY INTAKE _ _ _ _ _M_ _ _ _ _7 S I t 0.22 /S 0.4/s 2.75.m 5.sj 0. 24./u 0.T ;a/s 0.45 r/9_ a) FLOC TIDE b) EM TIDE FIGURE 3.7-4 :AVERAGEVELOCITYPROFLESINKHNG Ei 3-76- (2) Khlong Phela Water in Khlong Phela comes from 2 sources, the first source is the mountain in northeast direction and the second source is the overland flow of the flat plain area in the east and southeast direction. The characteristics of this Khlong is dendritic pattern with north-south flow direction. The whole length of this khlong is approximately 60 km with 2-10 meters of depth, the width of Khlong near the confluence with Khlong Pakasai was slightly narrow with the ranges of 20-200 m and was wider to the river month. The current velocities of Khlong were significantly different during ebb and high tide with the average current velocity of 0.38 and 0.46 m/s respectively (Figure 3.74). The maximum current velocity were found at the level of 0.38 m/s and 0.65 m/s for high and ebb tide respectively. The maximum and minimum flow were 2,451 and 88 m3/sec respectively (TESCO, B.E. 2528). Khlong Phela ends at Andaman sea in the area of Tambon Pakasai with approximately 15 km of distance in south direction of project location. Since Khlong Phela was influenced by the coastal tide and salt water intrusion then, mangrove forests were found along the Khlong with approximately 10 km of distance. In addition, there are other small khlongs around project site that will not be effected due to project development such as Khlong Khom and Khlong Klae in southeast direction, Khlong Taling Chan and Khlong Yan Saba in the south direction (Figure 3.7-1). 3.7.3.3 Developed Water Source There are 2 developed water sources which can be summarized as follows: - Reservoir No.1 (Big one) locates in the west direction of project location with approximately 1 km of distance. This previous areas was old mining using the entrance road of the previous plant as a dam dike. The reservoir covers 70 rai or 0.75 km2 with 3.2 Mm3 of capacity at 17 m.MSL. The catchment area is 5.0 sq. kilometres (Figure 3.7-5). ENVIOMM/MnA N-EICHAP3 PR 3-77 - - 6g t*S '. r*t, -@ < ~~. -- 'y- ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~ wJ ~ ~ P- .* * ii I , 711W6 . e g a t \ 5 / _ 5 f 2 \ V. ;& SSi~ *-*, . . /* * 1t« >-> > \ ? 18 t 0| - t s -- < ~ - - ;~is >-I *q*S ~ )1 \;\1 L t1--o nto"^s~~~~~~~~~~~~~r V X w sst<>--- mm) IK sWD~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~D 97H/S7/' () J ?siMY3O /i -- rXE GROUND WATER OUAtITY MEA5URING STAllON5 )) \ A -~~~~~~~~~~BX P _KX t < _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~E MAP(' f0 a' ''~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~O UtA I i/' ss.owx J_ot., I sosxox // / / ss04eos~~~~~~~~~~~P!IA X | | , | ~~~~~-.\ I'|IIKIICC " W stn 3.9-1: iWinumuQbaxSnnuR5QsQ9flnlnnn utciRu am FiUE 391\H LCTOSO RUD AE ULTAmAUIGSAIN - Total Manganese - Total Coliform - Fecal Coliform Those parameters are compared with the Standard of Groundwater Quality for Domestic Uses as shown in Table 3.9-1. 3.9.3 Results of the Study 3.9.3.1 Groundwater Hydrology Within the 5 kmn radius zone of the study area, three types of aquifers are found as shown in Figure 3.9-2. Details of aquifer characteristics can be described as the following: (1) Chao Phraya Aquifer, QcP The Chao Phraya aquifer consists of unconsolidated clay, sand, and gravels. This is all a::uviai deposi.ts whose thickness is geenerally .not More th n 200 feet. Yields from sandy layer are in the range of 20-100 gallons per minute. Water quality is generally good but in some area is brackish to salty water. (2) Colluvial Aquifer, Qcl The colluvial aquifer consists of poorly sorted valley-filled deposits, talus, cliff debris and granite wash. Its thickness is generally not more than 300 feet and yields few to 50 gallons per minute. In general water quality is good. (3) Krabi Aquifer, Tkb The Krabi Aquifer consists predominantly of carbonaceous to oil shale, mudstone and lignite. It is generally not very productive of which yield is in the range of very few to 20 gpm. Water quality is good. Based on the study of EGAT in 1985 the piczonetric level of groundwater in the claystone, clayey sand, sandstone, siltstone, silty claystone and sandy siltstone which unclearly lignite layers at the depth of 40-165 m is in the range between -36.30 m MSL and 25.50 m MSL. The flow direction of groundwater is in ENE direction as shown in Figure 3.9-3. 3-104 E.NVIO8IHD/WAIN-E/SEC39 FR TABLE 8.9-1 GROUNDWATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR DRINKING PURPOSE Properties Parameters Units Standard Values l SIitble Allowaice j MAvl-l. Physical Colour Platinum-Cobalt 5 50 Turbidity JTU 5 20 pH 7.0-8.5 6.5-9.2 Chemical Fe mg/I 0.5 1.0 Mn mgll i 0.3 0.5 Cu mg/l 1. 1.0 1.5 Zn mg/l b. 5.0 15.0 Sulphate mg/I 1 200 250 Chloride mg/l 1 200 600 Fluoride mg/l 1 1.0 1.5 Nitrate mg/I i 45 45 Total hardness as CaCO3 mg/I b 300 500 Non Carbonate hardness as CaCO3 mg/I J 200 250 Total solids mg/I 1 750 1,500 Toxic As mg none 0.05 Cyanide mg/I none 0.2 Pb mg/I none 0.05 Hg mg/I none 0.001 Cd mg/l none 0.01 Se mg/I none 0.01 Bacterial Standard Plate Count colonies/ml 1.500 Coliforrn Bacteria MPN/100 ml 4 2.2 F_ Coli MPN/100 ml none Note: I = not more than = not less than Penalty : A licensee who does not comply with this notification shal be punished by fine not exceeding twenty thousand baht Source Notification of the Ministry of Industry No. 4 B.E. 2521 (1978) issued under in the Groundwater Act B.E. 2520 (1900), published in the Royal Government Gazette, Vol. 95, Part 66, dated June 27. B.E. 2521 (1978). ENV I OI S/q90 146M B39-1 YLS 3-105 t', 461 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~*LEG END tIlI If I COL tIM AL AuIFE I# UPPER N qf 0 UAMEfN ARY I IJhULOWER KONAT AQUIFER I UPPER RII ASSeC TO JURASSICl l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ j - * I ~~~~~'JI~~~ KlIIAIN AEMArEn iIEImiAyo L40AMAN SEA LIEIASE'D: IMI I-T-A0IIFER I PERIANU#- Mu I PRJECT SITE -d pi*1 8.9-2 IEu1nanusfinffu1?sn. FIGURE 3.9-2 HYDROGEOLOGICAL MAP NEAR PROJECT AREA 502.000 C 50*, 5~~~~~~~~~~~~~00.000 E r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ fa2,00ctEC 00 KM. \i1 t ,o GRtPI4C SCAL.E ~i-ieM V7 T.v I 2~~~02 MFlGMMOFUGNITPC MN= DAM * PROJECT SITE 2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2 FIGURE 3.9-3 MAP OF PIEZAMETRIC LEVEL. 3-107 3.9.3.2 Groundwater Quality From thie data of waLeCY qualiiyt de,ive fom 183 DM,RMs grolndwater wells during the period of 1958 to 1993 can be summarized as below (Appendix C): - pH : 6.9-8.9 - Chloride 3-137 mg/1I, some areas upto 1,200 mg/l such as well No. MH 506 at Amphoe Khao Phanom. - Turbidity : 109-470 mg/I, some areas upto 3,616 mg/l such as well No. MV 318, Amphoe Khao Phanom. - Total Solid : 11-359 mg/I, some areas upto 1,420 mg/l such as MV 318, Amphoe Khao Phanom. On January, 1996, groundwater from the shallow wells were collected at Ban Ko Phot, Ban Huai Sok, Ban Huai Nam Yen, and Ban Khlong Wai Lek and analyzed as results shown in Table 3.9-2. Turbidity, total manganese and total iron nuantities are higher than the standard quantity for domestic as shown in Table 3.9-1. 3.10 AQUATIC ECOLOGY/FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 3.10.1 Introduction Changwat Krabi is lying on the southwestern side of Thailand along the Andaman sea. There is approximately 160 kon length of shoreline with 551,500 rai of (88,240 ha) land suited for both recreation and aquaculture purposes. About 130 various sizes of islands are included. There are 1.86 million rai of sea for coastal fisheries activities. ENVIOIS/HD/MAIN-EISEC39 FR 3-108 TABLE 3.9-2 GROUND WATER QUALITY AROUND PROJECT AREA Parameter Water Sampling Station ST.1 ST.2 ST.S ST.4 Position 47 08-81-463 N 47 08-84-012 N 47 08-85-455 N 47 08-79-677 N 5-01-177 E 5-00-650 E 5-06-209 E 5-06-546 E Waer Temperature ( C) 25 28 27 28 Air Temperature ( C) 30 28 34.5 31 Turbidity (NTU) 1.5 65 0.32 1.6 Color (CPU) <5 <5 <5 <5 pH 7.8 6.7 6.9 7.0 Conductivity (micromho/cm) 420 128 130 300 Total Solids (mg/A) 290 400 128 219 Total Dissolved Solid (mg/I) 289 152 128 217 Suspended Solid (mg/I) 0.33 168.00 1.00 2.67 Total Hardness (mg/l as CaCO) 173 48 46 95 Total Alkalinity (mg/I as CaC0) 200 7 16 26 Chloride (mg/I) 16.0 6.5 9.5 36.5 Sulfate (mg/I) 8.80 6.00 8.50 21.80 Nitrogen, Nitrate (mg/I) 0.008 0.004 7.4 2 Total Manganese (mg/I) 1.75 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Total Iron (mg/I) 0.02 14.00 0.02 0.10 Total Cadmium (mg/I) 0.004 0.002 0.003 0.003 Total Copper (mg/I) <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 Total Chromium (mg/l) 0.010 0.025 0.007 0.005 Total Lead (mg/I) <0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 Total Zinc (mg/I) 1.4 4.8 0.02 0.02 Note: (1) ST. I = Ban Ko Phot ST.2 = Ban HuaiSok ST. 3 = Ban Huai Nam Yen ST.4 = Ban Khlong Wai Lek (2) Standard methods of examination of water and wastewater 18th EF., 1992 (AWWA, APHA, WEE) (3) Water Sampling Station will Appear in Figure 3.9-1. 3-109 ENVIOIK%1460TAB39.' XLS In Khlong Pakasai where Thermal Power Plant is planned to construct on it's bank, there are not so high fishery activities. During the day time found not much fishermen did fishing in the Khlong. Pumping of raw water from this Khlong for power plant cooling system may have some adverse effects to plankton and fish particularly on their young stage. Therefore, study on aquatic ecology/fisheries and aquaculture within the project area prior construction of power plant is necessary to be used as basic information for solving problems and management of the whole aquatic ecology/fisheries and aquaculture in the future. 3.10.2 Objectives The objectives of the proposed Krabi Thermal Power Plant aquatic ecology/fisheries and aquaculture are as follows: (1) To study the existing plankton organisms, benthic invertebrate animals, aquatic weeds, fishery resources and aquaculture in the project area, (2) To assess ihe e7viriu -i impacts ta my occur due to proposed Thermal Power Plant project, and (3) To make recommendations on alleviating the potential impacts, proposed mitigation measures and monitoring programme as necessary. 3.10.3 Study Methodology (1) Literature reviewed particularly on fishes and other aquatic organisms around the project area. (2) Field sampling consisted of 2 samples collecting periods: First : during 19-20 January 1996 Second : during 13-14 March 1996 Samples collected were plankton, benthos and aquatic weeds. 3-110 ENV1OIS/HDAAN-E1SEC39 FP (3) Collection of samples - Plankton Sixty and 200 micron mesh size (Photo 3.10-1) plankton net with flow meter attached were used. Horizontal and oblique hauls were made for 3 minutes. Collected samples were preserved in 5% formalin solution and brought back for group identification and abundance estimates. - Benthic fauna Ekman dredge of 0.25 sq.f. mouth (Photo 3.10-2) openning was used, and 2 grab samples were collected at each sampling station. Collected samples were preserved in 7% formalin solution and brought back for group identification and number counts. - Aquatic weeds Aquatic needs along both sides of river bank and in 2 freshwater reservoirs were observed and then recorded. - Fishery activities Related informations were discussed and interviewed with local fishermen together with observing during samples collecting made. - Aquaculture Informations were gathered from local people and Krabi provincial fisheries office. 3-111 ENV1018/HD/MAIN-ESEC39 FR Photo 3.10-1: The Method of Plankton Sampling 3~~9 11> Photo 3.10-2 The Method of Benthos Sampling 3-112 (4) Sampling stations selected (Figure 3.10-1) were: Station 1 Small freshwater reservoir within power plant area Station 2 Khlong Pakasai, about 500 m upstream of Power Plant Station 3 Khlong Pakasai, about 800 m downstream of power plant Station 4 Khlong Pakasai at the mouth of Khlong Bang Yang Station 5 Khlong Pakasai, at the mouth of Khlong Wai Lek Station 6 Khlong Phela, at Ko Yuoe Daeng Station 7 Large freshwater reservoir next to the small one within the power plant area. Note: Station 7 is the additional station assigned by EGAT, only second field sampling was conducted. 3.10.4 Results of the Study 3.10.4.1 Literature Review Reported by Tesco Co., Ltd., Mahidhol University and Songkhla Nakarin University of the survey made during November 1983 - June 1984 particularly in Khlong Phela in November 1983, 18 species of plankton were found, of these one was blue green algae, 14 were diatom and 3 were dinoflagellate. As for its density, 758.33 cells/l was estimated. During high tide - low tide found 152.50 cells/I. In February 1984 sampling, 19 species of plankton were found, during low tide found 16 species of diatom and 3 species of dinoflagellate with 88.37x103 and 149.12x103 cells/I, respectively. Diatom was the richest, 90.16-91.54 % during high tide and 99.81-99.87 % during low tide both in 1983 and 1984, respectively. In Khlong Pakasai, the survey was made in the middle of April 1984 and totally 7 species of plankton were found in the samples collected which composed of a species of blue green algae, 4 of diatom and 2 of dinoflagellate during high tide and found 8 species during low tide comprising E.N'V1018,HDM.AIN-E.SEC39 FR 3 // I I W § s_l ~~~~~~~~g.E ' I I IIr atN at |~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - _ ,k/! NX r )t AIIU^w (A G srAws Ji \ X X Sam t ' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~W X u l , ,OIuIg I I 5.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~50 i~ ~ I . . . . _ni - . -a~ mm=~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~mO I~~~~31- 931¶ 30 IWA FIGURE 3.10-1 THE LOCATIONS OF AQUATIC BIOLOGY MEASURING STATIONS one species of blue green algae, one green algae and 6 of diatom. At the middle part of the Khlong during high tide, found 11 species which composed of 10 species of diatom and one species of dinoflagellate, during low tide found 13 species which composed of one blue green algae, one green algae, 7 diatom and one golden algae. At intake and discharge points found diatom, blue green algae and dinoflagellate from high to low number of species, respectively. The density estimated was 33.33 cells/l at the intake and 8.83 cells/l at the discharge points. It can be concluded from the total density of plankton sucked into power engine cooling system, 25 % of phytoplankton were survived at the outfall. As for zooplankton reported from the same group of consultant firm, copepod found the most abundant in November, during the high tide was 106 cells/l and during the low tide was 276.67 cells/l, while in February at river edge during high tide estimated 201.9 cells/l and during low tide was 251.33 cells/l. The density of zooplankton found at the intake was 1.9 times of the density after passing through the cooling system but at abdominal part of copepods particular was abdominally injured. Fourteen groups of benthic invertebrate animals were flund, i.e., polychaetes, sipunculids, polyclads, memerteans, nematodes, unsegmented worms, crustaceans, insects, gastropods, nudibranches, echinoderms, foraminiferas, poriferas, urochordates, (amphioxus) and unidentified fish eggs. Polychaetes were the most abundance, 596.55 pieces/sq.m. followed by crustacean and pelecypods at 342.09 and 42.9 pieces/sq.m., respectively. During 1983-1984 survey in Khlong Phela found totally 87 species of fish, shrimps, mollusks, reptiles and echinoderm. In Khlong Pakasai, 63 species were found. Totally, 70 species of fish, 19 species of shrimps, 13 of crabs, 12 of mollusks, 2 of reptiles and 4 of echinoderms were found from both Khlongs (Table 3.10-1). 3.10.4.2 Results of the Field Sampling (1) General Characteristics of Sampling Stations From the first sampling period, altogether 6 stations were designed. the first is freshwater reservoir with 0.4 million cubic meter capacity and from the second to the last station were in Khlong Phela-Pakasai. One more station (station 7) was asked to add up for sample collection during the second sampling period, so. there were altogether 7 sampling stations. 3-115 ENI101 S HD MAIN-EiSEC39 FR TABLE S.10-1 FISHES AND OTHER AQUATIC ANIMALS REPORTED HARVESTED FROM KHLONG PHELA AND PAKASAI IN 1983 AND 1984 [~~~~ 1 Group/Scientific Name Common Name Sampling Station Khlong Phela Khlong Pakasai Fishes Bathygobius fuscus Gobies x Callionymus japonicus Dragonets x Ctenogobius criniger Gobies x Leiognathus splendens Ponyfish x x Sillago sihama Silver sillago x x Vespicula trachinoides Wasp fish X Ambassis gymnocephala Glass fish x Atherina valencienics Silver sides x Epinephelus tauvina Grouper x x Gerres oblongus Mojarra x G. macrosoma Mojarra x Hyporhamphus gaimardi Half beak x Ilisha indica Ilisha x Johnius argentatus Croakers x L. bindus Snapper x L. elongatus Snapper x x Lutjanus russelli Russell's snapper x x L. dussumezi Snapper x Mugil speegleri Mugil x Searophagus argus Spotted fish x x Stolephorus oligobranchus Oligo anchovy x x Thnssoczes mystax x Ulpeneus tragula Goat fishes x Ambassis comersoni Glass fishes x x Butis butis Hard-scale goby x x EN% 1I09/I 0fI31LIXLS 3-116 TABLE 3.10-1 (Cont'd) Group/Scientific Name Common Name Sampling Station Khlong Phela Khlong Pakasai Chaetodon sp. Butterfly fishes x Chorenemus lysan Jack, pompanos x Fisiularia villosa Comet fishes x Gemes filamentosus Mojarras x x Hemirhamphus marginatus Halfbeaks x L. Iutjanus Snappers x x L. insidiator Snappers x x Mygil dussumieri x Paramonacanthus choirocephalus File fishes x Saurida tumbil Bombay ducks x Siganus javus Spinefoot x x S. oramin Spinefoot x x Sphyraena obtusata Barracudas x x Tetrodon lunaris Puffers, blow fishes x x Tetrodon sp. Puffers, blow fishes x x Sardinella melanura Herrings x Tyrosurus annulata Needle fishes x Upeneus vitatus Goat fishes x Anacanthus barbatus Filefishes x Batrachus ereenniens x Cteno,obius criniger Gobies x x Drepane punetata Sicklefishes x Hemirhamphus margivata Halfbeaks x Lutjanus fulviflamana Snappers x x Pomadasys hasta Grunts x x Acentrogobius sp. Gobies x Atihenna sp. Silversides . x Gerres ovena Mojarras x EN VIL)1S1 )610 310-IXLS 3-1 17 TABLE 3.10-1 (Cont'd) Group/Scientific Name Common Name Sampling Station Khlong Phela | Khlong Pakasai Liza dussumeril Mullets x Lutjanus johni Snappers x Puntius partipentazona Sumatrana tiger barb x Stigmatogobius sp. Gobies x Stolephorus commersonil Anchovies x Tanualosa ilisha x Ambassis urotacnia Asiatic glassfishes - x Atherina forskalli Silversides x Gonialosa manminosa Gizzard shads x Hemirhamphus dispar Halfbeaks x Hyporhamphus gaimardi Halfbeaks x Pomadasys maculatus Grunts x Sardinella famoriata Herrings x Tachysurus burnarieus Sea catfishes x Upeneus sulphureus Goatfishes x Upeneus tragula Goatfishes x Ambassis urotaenia Asiatic glassfishes - x Shrimps and. Prawns Acetes sp. x Alpheus sp. Snapping shrimp x x MNetapenaeus monoceros Sand shrimp x Penaeus merguiensis Banana prawn x x Metapenaeus brevicomis Yellow prawn x x Palaemon sp. x Acetes ervthraeus x x Odontodaetvlus sp. x 3-1 18 ENVIOI896I 0,T3 10-I.XLS TABLE 3.10-1 (Cont'd) Group/Scientific Name Common Name Sampling Station Khlong Phela Khlong Pakasai Penaeus monodon Giant tiger prawn x x Penacus plebejus Eastern king prawn x Penaeus semisulcatus Green tiger prawn x x Macrobrachium idea x M. rosenbergi Giant freshwater prawn - x Macrobrachium syntangense x Metapenaeus ensis Greasyback shrimp x Metapenaeus sp. x Unknown I x Unknown 2 x Dorippe sp. Spider crab x Ethusa sp. x Macropthalmus sp. x Pagurus sp. x Portunus pelagicus Blue swimming crab x x Thalamita picta Rock crab x x T. crenata Spiny rock crab x Donppe dorsipes Spider crab x x Epalia sp. x Parthemope longinmanus x T. danae Rock crab x x Scylla serrata Serrated mud crab x Hermit crab in Thais shell x Mollusks Anadara granosa Blood clams x 3-119 ENV-IOIS!961 101T310-.XIS TABLE 3.10-1 (Cont'd) Group/Scientific Name Common Name Sampling Station L Khlong Phela [ Khlong Pakasai Bivalve I (unidentified) Bivalve x Bivalve 2 (unidentified) Bivalve x Ensis sp. Razor shell x Loligo sp. Squid x Nassarius foviolatus x Nautica tigrica Squid x Tellina sp. x Sepia sp. Squid x Octopus sp. Octopus x Decapod (squid) Squid x Opisthobranch Sea slug x Echinoderms Astropecten sp. x Leptosynpata sp. x Abacia sp. x Scyphozoa x Reptiles Enhydris sp. x Unknown x Total kFish = 70: Shrimp = 19; Crab = 13; Mollusk = 12) 87 63 3-120 ENVIU8/961 IOMt310-1.XLS Station 1 and 7 are in the reservoirs for holding freshwater to serve multipurpose uses within the power plant area. The depth of both is 3.5-4.0 mn. There were floating, emergent, and submergent types weed found growing in water and on reservoir edge. Water was clear and found some freshwater fishes living in. (2) Plankton Organisms (a) First Period (19-20 January 1996) Five phyla of phytoplankton, i.e., Cyanophyta (blue green algae), Pyrrophyta (dinoflagelate), Chrysophyta (yellow green algae) , Chlorophyta (green algae) and Bacillariophyta (diatom) and another 5 phyla of zooplankton, i.e., Arthropoda, Protozoa, Chordata, Annelida and Mollusca with totally 89 species were found in the samples collected (Table 3.10-2). The highest number of phytoplankton species (58) were in Bacillariophyta followed by Cyanophyta (7 species), Pyrrophyta (6 species), Chlorophyta (2 species), and a species in Chrysophyta. As for zooplankton, the highest diversity was Phylum Protozoa (8 species) foliowed by Arnruopoua, Chordaa aL -A ld (2 -c each and only one species found in Mollusca. The most abundance species were Guinardia flaecidae, Rhizosolenia alata of Bacillariophyta followed by Oscillatoria sp. of Cyanophyta, Ceratiumfucus of Pyrrophyta and other 13 species of phytoplankton in Bacillariophyta. The poorest were Dinobryon sertularia of Chrysophyta, Derbesia sp. of Chlorophyta and other 5 and 2 species of phytoplankton in Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta, respectively. As for zooplankton, Nauplius and Copepod of Arthropoda found the highest followed by Bursaria sp., T. nordguisti and Tintinnopsis lobiancoi of Protozoa, Oikopleura sp. and fish larvae in Chordata, Atlanta sp. in Mollusca and the poorest were some phytoplankton as Gazeletta hexanema and zooplankton as Centropyxia aculeata of Protozoa. The ratio by number of cells/cu.m. water between phytoplankton and zooplankton were 73.91-98.18 to 1.82-26.09 which are very common for plankton found in the natural water bodies. Concerning species and amount of plankton found near the power plant (Station 2 and 3) during the first period (20 January 1996), 4 phyla with 3-121 ENVIOIS'HD NLAIN-ESEC39 FR TABLE 3.10-2 SPECIES AND DENSITY OF PLANKTON FOUND IN THE PROPOSED KRABI THERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT AREA, 20 JANUARY 1996 Plankton Density (cells/cu.m.) Phylum Sampling Station Species 1 2 8 4 5 6 Phytoplankton Cyanophyta,(blue green algae) Oscillatotia sp. 739200 41667 78467 21167 65067 30667 Aphanocapsa biformis 41600 - - - - - A. prasina 32000 - Botrydiopsis arhiza 16000 - - Polycystis incerta - - 3567 - Hydrococcus rivularis - - 12700 - Merismopedia sp. - - 4067 Pyrrophyta (dinoflagelate) - - - - - - Ceratium furca 236800 25000 110567 203200 260267 195500 C. inflexum - 4167 10700 50800 32533 107333 C karsteni - 4167 - 4233 4067 3833 Peridinium sp. - - 14267 55033 89467 80500 Dinophysis homuncatus - - - - 16267 19167 Pachydinium sp. - - 4067 3833 Chrysophyta (yellow green algae) - - - - Dinobryon sertularia 6400 - Chlorophyta (green algae) - - Derbesia sp. 4167 - - Golenk-inia pancispina - 4233 12200 Bacillariophyta (diatom)n Diatoma elongatum 9600 - Svnedra aftinis 3200 - Rhopalodia gibba 3200 - _ _ 3-122 ENVIOISN61 I0f/310-2.XLS TABLE 3.10-2 (Cont'd) Plankton Density (cells/cu.m.) Phylum Sampling Station Species 1 2 3 4 5 _ Navicula sp. 3200 - N. radiosa - 4167 Pinnularia nobilis 3200 - - - Coscinodiscus gigas - 12500 3567 33867 105733 65167 Chaetoceros sp. 12500 78467 169333 305000 279833 C diversum - 10700 - - C. affinis 14267 20333 57500 C. curvisetum 14267 - 105733 19167 C decipiens - 38100 195200 46000 C brevis - 135467 - 15333 C densum - 25400 4067 C gracile - - - 30667 C pendulus - - - 7667 Guinardia flaccida - 20833 85600 884767 2118733 4757167 Rhizosolenia alata - 12500 139100 334433 1106133 923833 R. imbricatus - 8333 17833 42333 109800 118833 R. styliformis - 4167 - - - R. semispina - 3567 4233 24400 19167 R. stolterforthii - - - 4233 - 3833 R. cylindrus - - - 7667 R. robusta - - - - - 7667 Biddulphia sinensis - 8333 14267 67733 93533 115000 B. mobiliensis - - 21400 55033 162667 180167 B. pulchellum - - - 4067 B. Iongicruris - - - - 11500 NVitzschia clostenum - 16667 35667 46567 113867 76667 N. sema _ 4167 10700 16933 40667 3-123 ENV!UIsO Oi9631to-12.XLS TABLE 3.10-2 (Cont'd) Plankton Density (cells/cu.m.) Phylum - Sampling Station Species I 2 4 J 5. 6 N. acicularia 4167 N. longissima - 39233 42333 154533 88167 N. pungens - - - 24400 - Bacillaria paxillifer 8333 38100 361933 26833 B. paradoxa - - - 52867 19167 Pleurosigma sp. 4167 10700 - 398533 287500 Gyrosigma sp. 4167 3567 4233 73200 38333 G. balticum - - 3567 - - 3833 Thalassiosira rotula - 4167 - - - T. condepsata - - - 8133 Amphora lineata - 4167 - - A. hyalina - - - 4233 Fragilaria oceanica - - 10700 - Cyclotella astrita - - 10700 80433 97600 84333 Ethmodiscus gazellae - - 3567 21167 36600 Thalassiothrix frauenfeldii - - 3567 42333 56933 42167 Bacteriastrum delicatulum - - 7133 50800 44733 15333 B. variana - - - 25400 8133 19167 leptocylindrus danicus - - 7133 - - - Trachyneis aspera - - 3567 - - Thalassionema nitzschiodes - - - 8467 - 3833 Hemiaulus sinensis - - - 12700 12200 3833 H. hauckii - - - 8467 - - H. indicus - - - - - 7667 Triceratium favus - - - 8467 12200 19167 Climacodium biconcavum - - 8467 4067 7667 Dicthvlium brighwelli - - 16933 8133 - Actinocvclus ehrenbergii - - - 4067 3-124 ENVOISAM6I IOa3IO-2.XLS TABLE 3.10-2 (Cont'd) Plankton Density (cells/cu.m.) Phylum -_ Sampling Station Species 1 2 3 4 5 6 Zooplankton Arthropoda *Nauplius 28800 29167 - 88900 65067 88167 *Copepod - 33333 7133 42333 69133 34500 Protozoa Gazeletta hexanema 3200 - - - - - Bursatia sp. - 8333 12200 Globigerina sp. 4167 - - Centropyxis aculeata - 3567 - Timninnopisis lobiacicoi . - 16933 - - T. nordguisti 4233 4067 15333 T. beroides 8467 - - T. radix - 3833 Chordata *Fish fry 9600 3567 - Oikopleura sp. - - 12200 Annelida Svnchaeta stylata 8133 Nereis pelagica 4067 Mollusca Atlanta sp. - - - - - 11500 Total 1136002 287500 784667 2743200 6531077 8004000 Phvtoplankton 1094402 212500 770400 2582333 6356210 7850667 Zooplankton 41600 75000 14267 160867 174867 153333 3-125 ENVIOlS,04 I OT310- 2. XLS totally 37 species of phytoplankton i.e. Cyanophyta (2 species), Pyrrophyta (4 species), Chrysophyta (1 species) and Bacillariophyta (30 species) were found. The densities at Station 2 and 3 were 212,500 cells/cu.m. and 774,400 cells/cu.m. respectively. There were 3 phyla with totally 6 species of zooplankton i.e. Arulropoda (2 species), Protozoa (3 species) and Chordata (1 species) found in the samples collected. The densities at Station 2 and 3 were 75,000 cells/cu.m. and 14,267 cells/cu.m. respectively. Khlong Pakasai particularly in front of the proposed therrnal power plant, it is a suitable place for aquatic animal larvae to live and grow for a period of time because of existing a very rich existing of diatom. Arthropod was also found at every sampling station and at the very high rate. These groups of plankton can be used as larval fish and other aquatic animals food. (b) Second Period (13-14 March 1996) 4 phyla of phytoplankton and 5 phyla of zooplankton were found both in reservoirs and Khlong Phela-Pakasai. Twenty seven species of plankton were found in reservoirs while 59 species were found in Khlong Phela-Pakasai (Table 3.10-3). Seven species of phytoplankton in phylum Cyanophyta were found. The richest was Oscillatoria sp. followed by Rhaphiadiopsis sp.. In Khlong Phela-Pakasai, 2 species were found and Oscillatoria sp. was still the richest. The greatest varieties found were in Bacillariophyta and also the richest. Altogether 37 species were identified and 10 species were found in reservoirs. Only 35 species were found in Khlong Phela-Pakasai. Four species of dinoflagellate were found, of these 2 were in reservoir and 4 were in the Khlongs. Peridinium sp. was found at every station and was the richest followed by Ceratium furca. C. intermidium and C. gibberum were 2 species that each was found at only one station and also found from both in reservoir and Khlongs. Three phyla as Euglenophyta, Chrysophyta and Chlorophyta were found scattered and rather poor phytoplankton. Nauplius and Copepod of the phylum Arthropoda found at the very high amount and at every station. Oikopleura sp. was found only in Khlong Phela-Pakasai. Six species of the phylum Protozoa were found scattering and at low 3-126 EN10181'HD MAIN-E.SEC39 FR TABLE 310.3 SPECIES AND DFNSITY OF PLANKTON FOUND IN THE PROPOSED KRABI THERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT AREA, 14 MARCH 1998 Plankton Density (ceiscu.m.) Phylum Sampling Station Species 1 2 8 4 5 6 7 Phytoplankton Cyanophyta (blue green algae) Oscillatona sp. 2520800 47233 23600 40333 45600 1949333 Rhaphidiopsis sp. 18267 . 50167 Polycysis sp. 4567 7167 Microcystis elabens 4567 Aphanocapsa sp. 9133 A. litoralis - 14333 Anabaena sp. 3633 Spirulina major - - - - 7167 Bacillariophyta (diatom) Coscinodiscus sp. 18267 10900 7333 15200 - Nitzschia philippinarum 9133 - - N. ciostenum - 7333 - N. paradoxa - - - 15200 Thaiassiosira sp. 18267 21800 3667 4033 Thalassiothnx frauenfeldii 9133 - 3667 16133 152000 T. nitzchiodes - 3667 16133 60800 Rhizosolnma sp. 4567 - - Rh. alata - 8067 144400 Rh. umbncata - - - 22800 Nasicula sp. 4567 3633 - 3667 - Cyclotella stinata - 399667 192733 22000 4033 7600 Campylodium sp. - 14533 - - - Pleurosigna sp. - 3633 3667 4033 22800 Sunrila robusta - 3633 - - Melosira juergnsi - - 3933 Climacosphenia sp. - - 3933 ENVIOIS/961 01& o310-3.xLS 3-127 TABLE 3.10-S (Cont'd) Plankton Dersity (celisicuLm.l Phylum Sampling Station Species 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 J 7 Cbactocgw sp. . . 33000 40333 1839200 129000 Ch. pseudocumsetus . 7333 - 167200 CIL brvis . . 3667 12100 266000 21500 CI affinis . . . - 20167 273600 14333 Ch. laudeni . . . 4033 304C0 Ch. decipiens . . . 1390800 78833 Ch. cuwiseaas . . . 167200 - Ch. diversus . . . 38000 Ch. compressus . 22800 Ch. coawtatus 15200 Bacwnastrun hyalmnum . 7333 4033 91200 B. vaiana . . 7333 4033 144400 - B. delicatfum 7333 - 114000 43000 Etumodiscus pzellae - 4033 380Do Biddulphia sinensis . 4033 114000 B. mobiliensis . . . . . 22800 Herniaulus simnensis . 4033 - Dithylium sol - 53200 D. brightvweVii . 7600 Guingrdia fiaccida - 38000 - Pyrrophyta (dinoflagellate) Ceruium furca 159833 7267 . 3667 36300 98800 157667 C intermidium . . - 4033 - C gibberurn - - - - 7600 - Perndiniurn sp. 27400 83567 51133 14667 12100 98800 50167 Euglenophvta (euglenoids) Eugicna sp. 4567 - - - - - 7167 Chrysophyta (yellow green algae) Dinobryn sertilans 4567 Chlorophyta (green algae) Voivox sp. - - - 7600 4567 3633 7867 7600 3-128 ENV 1018/961 I 0(t31-3.XLS TABLE 310.- (Cont'd) Plankton Density (cells/cu.n.) Phylum Samnpling Station Species 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Zooplankion Arthropoda *Nauplius 68500 297933 314667 157667 338800 121600 50167 Copepod 9133 65400 23600 44000 96800 98800 Chordata Oikopleura sp. - 58133 35400 11000 20167 30400 Protozoa Caudelua sp. 10900 - - - Voricelia sp. 3633 Arcela mitata - 3633 - - Tininnopsis nordguisb - 7333 24200 - T. lobiencoi - - - 15200 Globigenna sp. - - - 7600 Mollusca Atlanta sp. - 10900 7867 3667 4033 38000 * Vcliger larva - 3933 . 4033 - * Bivalve larva - - - - 15200 Rotifera Brachionus forficula - 3667 - Vorankowia mirabilis - 14333 Horwil sp. - 7167 * can not classification - 3633 3667 4033 30400 - Total 2899833 1057300 668667 410667 693733 5897600 2601500 Phytoplankton 2822200 603133 283200 179667 201667 5540400 2529833 Zooplankton 77633 454167 385467 231000 492067 357200 71667 Note: w = can not classification 3-129 ENVlO"lQ6I IM1O310.S.XLS abundance. Three species of Mollusca were found only in the Khlong because of their brackish water. Native species. Atlanta sp. was found at every station. Four species of Rotifer including unidentified were found; some of them were found only in brackish water; some of them were found only in freshwater. From the plankton found it can be conciuded Ehat zoopiankton was very low both in dernsity and species diversity. During the second period (14 March 1996), in the area near the power plant (Station 2 and 3) 4 phyla of phytoplankton i.e. Cyanophyta (2 species), Bacillariophyta (9 species), Pyrrophyta (2 species) and Chlorophyta (1 species) were found. The densities at station 2 and 3 were 603,133 cells/cu.m. and 283,200 cells/cu.m. For zooplankton, 5 phyla of zooplankton i.e. Arthropoda (2 species), Chordata (1 species), Protozoa (3 species), Mollusca (2 species) and Rotifera (1 species) were found. The densities at Station 2 and 3 were 454,167 cells/cu.m. and 385,467 cells/cu.m. (3) Benthic Invertebrate Animals (a) First Period (19-20 January 1996) Two phyla of bottom fauna, i.e., Annelida and Arthropoda with totally 3 groups were found. Polychaeta was found in samples collected at station 2, 4, 5 and 6 and 176, 220, 176 and 396 organisms/sq.m. Two orders, i.e. Isopoda (Ligia sp.) and Amphipoda (Gammarus sp.) were found at station 4 and 6 with 132 and 44 organisms/sq.m.. respectively. For station 1 which is the reservoir, no benthic animal is found (Table 3.10-4). As for the abundance, 2 groups were found at station 4 with 440 and 352 organisms/sq.m. followed by station 2 and 5 one each was found with each was 176 organisms/sq.m. Though the diversity seems rather low but the number was moderately high compared with the previous experiences. In the area near the power plant (Station 2 and 3) during the first period (January 1996) only Polychaeta was found at Station 2 with the density of 176 organisms/m2. At station 3, there was none. (b) Second Period (13-14 March 1996) Three phyla of bottom fauna were found during this sampling period. There were Annelida, Arthropoda and Mollusca altogether 9 groups were identified. Mainly of benthic animal groups were found in Khlong Pakasai but in 3-130 E.N'101S HD IAIN-E'SECS9 FR TABLE 3.10-4 GROUP AND ABUNDANCE OE BENTIC L FOUNA FOUNlr TN THE PROPOSED KRABI THERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT AREA, 20 JANUARY 1996 Phylum/Order Sampling Station 1 2 3 4 5 6 Phylum Annelida Class Polychaeta Unidentified 176 220 176 396 Phylum Arthropoda Class Crustacea Subclass Malacostraca Order Isopoda Shore Stater (Liqia sp.) 132 - Order Amphipoda Garmmarus sp. - 4 Total 176 352 176 440 ENVI Is/01 Io,rTSo-4 XLS 3-131 the rather low density and were scattering. As for freshwater animals, more abundance was found in small reservoir rather than in large due to its depth. natural food and environment. Melanoides sp. of the family Thiaridae was found both in fresh and brackishwater bodies. The highest abundance was the animal in phylum Mollusca followed by those in Arthropoda and Annelida (Table 3.10-5). In the area near the power plant (Station 2 and 3) during the second period in March 1996 Polychaeta (1 species) and Mollusca (1 species) were found with density of 44 organisms/M2. (4) Aquatic Weeds A distance from the river mouth to its upstream (station 6) existed the fairy densely of mangrove on both sides of the river banks, some of their name lists were described in forestry's and wildlife chapter. In reservoirs found many species of aquatic plants which are shown in Table 3.10-6. (5) Fish and Other Aquatic Animals Fish and other aquatic animal species reported found both within and outer zone of power plant project area that gathered from Krabi provincial fisheries office (data collected during January 1993 - January 1996) revealed that there were 2 main groups of aquatic animal, i.e., marine animal and freshwater animal altogether not less than 40 species (Table 3.10-7). All aquatic animals harvested at the coastal zone by using trawler, driff net, pen, seine, hook and other types of trapping equipment altogether 260-518 tons/month. Of this, 120-200 tons/month or over than 50% of total harvested/month was trash fishes. February is the peak of fishing season of every year. Jelly fish shared the highest upto 150 tons. Total harvested aquatic animals valued 5-6 million baht/month. Parts of the harvested animals were sold in fresh condition, and the other parts were preserved and then sold. The price was ranging between 10 and 150 baht/kg excepted trash fish which was 3.00 baht/kg. For freshwater fish, nearly all were harvested from ditches and paddy fields. Mainly of the harvest was freshwater catfish followed by climbing perch, serpent head and carps. There were many miscellaneous species which were generally used as animal feed and fertilizer. 3-132 EN' 1018, HD'1A1N-EISEC39 PR TABLE 3.10-5 GROUP AND ABUNDANCE OF BENTHIC FOUNA FOUND IN THE PROPOSED KRABI THEER.M AL PO WiR PL ANT PRO'jECT LARA, 14 MARCP 1QQ Phylum/Order Sampling Station 1 2 3 4 .5 6 7 Phylum Annelida Class Polychaeta 22 44 66 176 Phylum Arthropoda Class Crustacea Order Amphipoda 22 22 Order Decapoda Family Penaeidae Class Insecta Penaeus sp. 22 Order Diptera Family Chironomidae 66 - Phylum Mollusca Class Gastropoda (f1ttJF4lu1tl) Order Mesogastropoda Family Naticidae Natica sp. - 22 Family Thiaridae Melanoides sp. 44 - 176 Class Bivalvia (WIMt).IF41) Order Eulamellibranchiata Family Donacidae Donax sp. - - 22 Family Veneridae Meretrix sp. 22 22 - Paphia sp. - - 44 - - Total - 110 . 44 132 88 242 176 Remark: Station I and 7 = freshwater reservoirs around Krabi Thermal Power Plant Station 2 - 6 = In Khlong Phela and Pakasai 3-EI133 ENVIOIsS/t 1o/r310-i(LS TABLE 3.10-6 AQUATIC PLANT FOUND GROWING IN THE FRESHWATER RESERVOIRS WITHIN THE KRABI THERMAL POWER PLANT AREA, 20 JANUARY 1996 Scientific Nane FamilY Floating Type Eichhomia crassipes -Pontederaceae Nymphoides indica Gentianaccae Jussiaca repens Onagraceae Ipomoea aquatica Convolvulaceae Leznna perpusilla Lemnaceae Pistia stratiotes Araceae Emergent Tvpe Nyrnphaea lotus Nyvmphaeacea Submergent Type Najas graminea Najadaceae Ceratophyllum demersum. Ceratophyllaceae Hydrilla verticillata Hydrochozntaceae Potamogeton malaianus Potarnogetonaceae Marginal Weed Polygonurn tomcntosum Polygonaceae Masilea crenata Marsileaceae Cyperus imbricatus Cyperaceae Total 14 14 3-134 ENVI / 1 N91 I o,T3 1I t-XLS TABLE 3.10-7 SPECIES OF FISH REPORTED HARVESTED ALONG COASTAL AREA, AT THE RIVER MONTH AND IN FRESHWATER BODIES WITHIN KRABI THERMAL POWER PLANT AREA DURING JANUARY 1995 - JANUARY 1996 GroupiTai Name Fishing Ground Marine Fish Mackerel offshore, coastal area Mackerel offshore, coastal area White shrimp coastal area Acetes coastal area Blue crab offshore, canal Portunus coastal area Green massul coastal area Squid coastal area Trash fish coastal area Others coastal area Freshwater Fish Snake head swarnp, paddy field Walking catfish swamp, ditch Walking catfish swamp, ditch Climbing perch swamp Thai silver carp swamp Others ditch, swamp, paddy field Source: Changwat Krabi Fisheries Office (1994) ENVIolsi9of fIOr310-7YXLS 3-135 Fisheries in Khlong Pakasai particularly in front of the disused Krabi power plant were very small due to less fish within this area except some crab fisheries. (6) Aquaculture Tiger "- ' '*-r and, grouper pIac-.ice in Chanlgwa-L Krabu were mostly operated by small shrimp farmers. Culturing areas were in Amphoe Muang, Amphoe Ao Luek, Amphoe Ko Lanta and Amphoe Khlong Tom which have been done from 1987 to date. The number of farmers and growing areas were gradually increased from 5 farmers with 158 rai of culturing area in 1,987 to 1,292 farmers with 8,692 rai in 1994 (Table 3.10-8). In Amphoe Ao Luek, there was a very high rate of mangrove trespassed for shrimp ponds construction. The rubber tree planting areas were gradually converted into shrimp farm. Eighty to 90% of farmers presently operating were small farmers and each has only 1-2 ponds with the culture area of 4-6 rai and the rest 10- 20% were the medium size (30-50 rai) farm (Department of Environmental and Policy Planning, 1995). Controlling of impacts generated from shrimp culture, regulation for people who involve in fisheries occupation, fisheries and their products trading, in country fishery industry was enacted. The above mention activities have to be registered according to Fishery Act 1847 (Vol.4) of 1994. Those who are doing shrimp culture within the cultured area of over than 50 rai should establish water treatment compartnent in the area not less than 10% of total cultured area. On December 8, 1994, the NGOs - GO Joint Body meeting was organized and the result come to conclusion that Changwat Krabi is a shrimp culture free zone. Trawler and push net that do fishing around Ko Pee Pee Don, Ko Pee Pee Le and the distance between Ko to Krabi main land coastal zone had been destroyed over 70% of coral growing area there (Department of Environmental and Policy Planning, 1995). Found within 5 km radius of Krabi power plant, the production and species diversity were in low-moderate levels because it was located rather far away from the river mouth (about 6 kIn). 3-136 ENV11OS1HD'MA1N-E.SEC39 FR TABLE 3.10-8 NU'MBER OF TG-ER PRAWN GROWING FARMERS AND POND AREAS, CHANGWAT KRABI Year Number of Farmers Culture Area (rai) 2530 5 158 2531 12 266 2532 39 372 2533 67 450 2534 598 2,313 2535 604 2,400 2536 521 2,552 2537 1,292 8,692 Source: Fishery Policy and Planning Division (1992, 1994) and Krabi Provincial Fisheries Office (1994) EN\' IO 18961 T310-8XLS 3-137 (7) Fishery Activities Did not find any fishing activity in the reservoirs during the survey due to prohibition by EGAT. As for fishery in the Khlong Pakasai, reported 10 sea bass fishe,..e L ' Lusi. v-t 4ueI ci.4 LIusherrnen, 2V-30 young grouper fisfermen (using small boat with long line) and some bivalve collectors were found harvesting and reported harvesting aquatic animals along this khlong. Discussed with old age men known that this khlong is rather abundance of young grouper for cage stocking and various sizes of sea bass were found some. Three to four sea bass/day of 0.5 to 6.0 kg were harvested per fisherman. Prices were 9U baht and over per kg depending on sizes, the smaller is the higher. The daily income was 200 baht/day/fisherman for fishing crab, 100-150 baht/day/for fisherman collecting bivalve, 300-1,000 baht/day/sea bass fisherman, and about 1,000 baht/day/young grouper fisherman. During off fishing season, these fishermen change their activities from fishing done in the Khlong Pakasai to cuttlefish fishing further in the sea. 3.11 TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY 3.11.1 Forestry The natural forest is a valuable resource that should be utilized in a sustainable basis and protected for future generation. The Krabi power plant may affect the natural forest; especially mangrove forest around the project area. (1) Objectives - To survey the existing condition of the forest within 5 km radius around the project area. - To assess the potential impacts arising from the project development on the natural forest. - To propose the mitigation measures for such undesirable impact and also the monitoring program. 3-138 ENV 1018 HD,rNLAN-EFSEC39 FR (2) Scope of the Study The study has concentrately survey the area of 2 km radius around the project area and within the 30 degree along the NE-SW direction from the power plant site (Figure 3. 11-1), because the NE-SW direction is affected by the NE- SW monsoon and the adjacent area will be used for assessing effects of air pollution during the NE-SW monsoon season. The forest inventory are conducted to cover the 2-5 km radius area around the project site. During the preliminary survey it was found that in the study area there was only mangrove forest. There was not terrestrial forest left due to the encroachment. The terrestrial forest has been changed into agricultural area such as palm plantation, shrimp farm etc. Thus, the study team set up the scope of the study only on mangrove forest. (3) Methodology - Review secondary data concerning the forest resources in the study area. - Conduct forest inventory in the J 'kmm radius area around -he project site with the aid of topographic map, scale 1:50,000. The sample plot sizes are as follows: Mangrove Forest The square plots of lOxlO m are employed. The trees of diameter over 13 cm., total tree height and merchantable height; stem diameter at 20 cm. above the prop root system of the Rhizophoraceae species are measured and recorded. The square subplot of 2x2 m2 and lxi m2 were also laid in each quadrant and plant species are checked and number of its individual counted for the study of plant succession. (4) Literature Review The environmental impact assessment of the Krabi lignite power plant project were conducted in 1985 by Tesco Co., Ltd. in cooperation with Mahidol University and Prince of Songkhla University. The forest inventory were conducted within 15 km radius around the project area and the results are summarized are as follows: The two common forest types in these area are mangrove forest and dry evergreen forest and the other land use pattern was Eucalyptus plantation. The dry evergreen forest were disturbed for agricultural land such as field crops, para 3-139 ENViISi MHD MAIN-ESEC39 FR * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r. I 3.Jr~~ JI'M-- * ' -- SCALS I I I 'K ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ z - 'Nhw~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C -- I 500.00 F 3.01-1 a gmAA EXPECTED IMPACT ARE, FIGURE 3.11-1 THE STUDY AREA O-2 KM. AND 2-5 KM. RADIUS AROUND THE PROJECT AREA rubber and oil plans, etc. The trees in these forest type were recorded for 23 species such as Samet daeng (Syzygium gratum Merr and Perry), Kho haeng (Carailia brachiata Merr) Luet (Cinnamomum sp.), Ka thang (Litsea grandis Hook. f.) and Saan (Dillenia sp.), etc. In the mangrove forest, the dominant trees found were 6 species such as. Ta buun khaao (Xylocarpus granatum Koen.), Ta buun dam (Xylocarpus moluccensis Roem.) Samae (Ceriops tagal C.B. Clarke), Kong kaang baiyai (Rhizophora mucronata Poir.) and Pung ka hua sum (Bruguiera conjugata Merr.), and the undergrowth found were Peng thale (Phoenix paludosa Roxb.), Prong thale (Acrostichum aureum Linn.), etc. The forest areas of the project were 28,365.12 hectare and the tree volumes were 603,851.73 m3, and the timber price are 60,370,754.22 baht. (5) Field Survey Results From the preliminary field survey during 19-21 January 1996, it was found that most of forest within 5 km radius of the project area had been encroached and cleared for agricultural purposes such as rubber plantrtion, oil palm plantation. There are also some shrimp farms. Most of the Eucalyptus plantation had been encroached for oil palm planting, there are only a few areas left along the road connecting Amphoe Nua Khlong and Ban Laem Kruat. Area about 500-600 metres from the banks of Khlong Pakasai is disturbed mangrove due to being under concession for firewood and charcoal production especially for Kong Kang (Rhizophora sp.) The study team have conducted detailed field survey during 2-8 February 1996. The result of the survey can be presented as follows. (a) Existing Forest and Density - Inner zone 0-2 km radius The mangrove forest was found cover the northeastern to southwestern part of the area within the 30° direction. It was evident that all the terrestrial forest areas were converted to the other land uses; including para rubber, oil palm. paddy and shrimp pond (Figure 3.11-2: Sampling Plot in the study area). 3-141 EN%IOl1S.HD, MAIN-E.'SEC39 FR ~KILng I PR ~ OJECT SiTE IJl47l~1l.( I -,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~o~~~~II j' ini ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I Elcticw FI)r 61 12 TH APINNLT.I H TUYAE The mangrove forests are still under concession and will be terminated in October 2001, after that the status of mangrove forest will be changed to conservation forest. There are 22 trees and undergrowth species found in this mangrove area as shown in Table 3.11-1. Some tree species such as Kong kaang bailek (Rhizophora apiculata Bi.), Kong kaang baiyai (Rhizophora mucronata) Ta buun khaao (Xylocarpus granatum Koen.) and Ta buun dam (Xylocarpus maluccensis Roem.), etc were generally found on the Pakasai river bank, and the undergrowth in these forest are the Ngueak plaamo (Acanthus volubilis Wall.), Manaao phee (Atalantia monophylla Correa) and Chaak (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) etc. The average tree density is 26.50 trees/rai. Ta buun kaao (Xylocarpus granatum Koen.) has the highest density of 227.69 trees/rai follow by Kong kaang bailek (Rhizophora apiculata Bl.) and Samae kaao (Avicennia alba Roxb.) 54.15 trees/rai; Ta buun dum (Xylocarpus moluccensis Roem.) 24.62 trees/rai as shown in Table 3.11-2. The average sapling density is 11.3 trees/rai. Ta buun kaao (Xvlocarpus granatum Koen.) has the highest density (56.62 trees/rai) follow by Kong kaang bailek (Rhizophora apiculata Bi.) 25.85 trees/rai and Samae kaao (Avicennia alba Roxb.) 14.77 trees/rai, as shown in Table 3.11-3. The seedling density is averaged at 107.64 seedlings/rai. Ngueak plaa mo (Acanthus volubilis Wall.) shows the highest density of 519.38 seedlings/rai follow by Manaao phee (Atalantia monophylla Correa) 291.69 seedlings/rai; Ta buun khaao (Xylocarpus granatum Koen) 221.54 seedlings/rai; Kong kaang bailek (Rhizophora apiculata) 56.62 seedlings/rai and Ta buun dam (Xylocarpus moluccensis Roem.) 18.46 seedlings/rai as shown in Table 3.11-4. - Outer zone 2-5 km radius The landuses are similar to the inner zone, but some small area of Eucalyptus forest plantation are present. This plantation was partly substituted by oil palm plantation. No terrestrial forest is left over. The trees and undergrowth species in this zone are about 18 species as shown in Table 3.11-5. The average tree density is 20.92 trees/rai. Kong kaang bailek has highest density of 145.33 trees/rai follow by Faat khaao (Lumnitzera racemosa) 33.23 trees/rai. Pung ka hua sum (Bruguiera conjugata Merr.) 29.54 trees/rai and Kong kaang baiyai (Rhizophora mucronata Poir.) 13.54 trees/rai as shown in Table 3.11-6. 3-143 ENVI01S;HD MNIN-EiSEC39 FR TABLE 3.11-1 SOME SPECIES OF TREES FOUND ON THE MANGROVE FOREST WITHIN 2 KM RADIUS AROUND THE PROJECT AREA No Vernacular Name Scientific Name I Kong Kaang bailek Rhizophora apiculata Bl. 2 Kong Kaang baiyai Rhizophora mucronata Poir. 3 Chaak Nypa fruticans Wurmb 4 Chik Le Barringtonia asiatica Kurz. 5 Tabuun khaao Xylocarpus granatum Koen. 6 Tabuun dam Xylocarpus moluccensis Roem. 7 Taatum thale Excoecaria agallocha Linn. 8 Teenpet thale Cerbera odollam Gaerth. 9 Toei naam Pentaspadon velutinus Hook.f. 10 Thopthaep nam Dems trifolia Lour. I I Thua khaao Bruguiera cylindrica Bl. 12 Prong thale Acrostichum aureum Linn. 13 Peng thale Phoenix paludosa Roxb. 14 Prong khaao Ceriops decandra Ding hou 15 Prong daeng Ceriops tagal C.B.Robinson 16 Faat khaao Lumnitzera racemosa Wilid. 17 Faat daeng Lumnitzera littorea Voigt. 18 Pungka huasum Bruguiera conjugata Merr. 19 Manaao phee Atalantia monophylla Correa 20 Samet khaao Melaleuca leucadendra Linn. 21 Samae khaao Avicennia alba Roxb. 22 Ngueak plaamo Acanthus volubilis Wall. 3-144 1ts-N* wmtSl1 M1-1 -L TABLE 3.11-2 TREE DENSITY ON THE MANGROVE FOREST WI-THIN 2 KM RADIUS AROUND THE PROJECT AREA No. Vernacular Name Scientific Name Density (tree/rai) I Ta buun kaao Xylocarpus granatum Koen. 227.69 2 Kong kaang bailek Rhizophora apiculata Bl. 54.15 3 Samae khaao Avicennia alba Roxb. 54.15 4 Ta buun dum Xylocarpus moluccensis Roem. 24.62 5 Teenpet thale Cerbera odollam Gaerth. 9.85 6 Taatum thale Excoecaria agallocha Linn. 4.92 7 Prong khaao Ceriops decandra Ding hou 4.92 8 Faat Daeng Lumnitzera littorea Voigt. 4.92 9 Thua khaao Bruguiera cylindrica BI. 2.46 10 Prong daeng Ceriops tagal CB.Robinson 2.46 I I Pung ka hua sum Bruguiera conjugata Merr. 2.46 12 Kong kaang baiyai Rhizophora mucronata Poir. 1.23 13 Chik Le Barringtonia asiatica Kurz. 1.23 14 Faat khaao Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. 1.23 15 Samet khaao Melaleuca leucadendra Linn. 1.23 Average 26.50 3-145 E.NVI10121 IOITll-'.XLS TABLE 3.11-3 SAPLING DENSITY ON THE MANGROVE FOREST WITHIN 2 KM RADIUS AROUND THE PROJECT AREA I ~~~~I 1 1.1 No. Vernacular Name Scientific Name Density (tree/rai) 1 Ta buun khaao Xylocarpus granatum Koen. 56.62 2 Kong kaang bailek Rhizophora apiculata BI. 25.85 3 Samae khaao Avicennia alba Roxb. 14.77 4 Teenpet thale Cerbera odollam Gaerth. 7.38 5 Faat khaao Lumnitzera racemosa WilId. 4.92 6 Prong daeng Ceriops tagal CB.Robinson 4.92 7 Prong khaao Ceriops decandra Ding hou 4.92 8 Pungka hua sum Bruguiera conjugata Merr. 1.23 9 Thua khaao Bruguiera cylindrica BI. 1.23 10 Tatum thale Excoecaria agallocha Linn. 1.23 1 1 Faat daeng Lurnnitzera littorea Voigt. 1.23 Average 11.3 3-146 ENN'101KN61 1(Vr1I I -AL\S TABLE 3.11-4 SEEDLING DENSITY ON MANGROVE FOREST WIHIN 2 KM RADIUS AROUND THE PROJECT AREA No. Vernacular Name Scientific Name Density (tree/rai) 1 Ngueak plaa mo Acanthus volubilis Wall. 519.38 2 Manaao phee Atalantia monophylla Correa 291.69 3 Ta buun khaao Xylocarpus granatum Koen. 221.54 4 Prong thale Acrostichum aureum Linn. 220.31 5 Kong kaang bailek Rhizophora apiculata Bi. 56.62 6 Ta buun dam Xylocarpus moluccensis Roem. 18.46 7 Samae khaao Avicennia alba Roxb. 17.23 8 Toei naam Pentaspadon velutinus Hook.f. 16.00 9 Peng thale Phoenix paludosa Roxb. 13.54 10 Chaak Nypa fruiticans Wurmb 11.08 11 Thop thaep nam Demis trifolia Lour. 7.38 12 Faat daeng Lumnitzera litrorea Voigt. 3.69 13 Teenpet thale Cerbera odollam Gaerth. 2.46 Average 107.64 3-147 ENvioi&% i(Vf3I i-4XLs TABLE 3.11-5 SOME SPECIES OF TREES ON THE MANGROVE FOREST WITHIN2-5 KM RADIUS AROUND THE PROJECT AREA No. Vernacular Name Scientific Name I Kong kaang bailek Rhizophora apiculara BI. 2 Kong kaang baiyai Rhizophora mucronata Poir. 3 Ta buun khaao Xylocarpus granatum Koen. 4 Ta buun dam Xylocarpus moluccensis Roem. 5 Thua khaao Bruguiera cylindrica BI. 6 Prong thale Acrostichum aureum Linn. 7 Peng thale Phoenix paludosa Roxb. 8 Prong khaao Ceriops decandra Ding hou 9 Faat khaao Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. 10 Faat daeng Lumnitzera linorea Voigt. 11 Pung ka hua sum Bruguiera conjugata Merr. 12 Lam phuu Sonneratia caseolaris Engler. 13 Lam phaen Sonneratia alba J.E. Smith 14 Samet khaao Melaleuca leucadendra Linn. 15 Samet dam Eugenia fuffuracea Craib 16 Samae khaao Avicennia alba Roxb. 17 Mhun daeng Cordia cochinchinensis Pierre 18 Ngueak plaa mo Acanthus volubilis Wall. ENV I IU O*1 1 VTr3I I -5.XLS 3-1 48 TABLE 3.11-6 TREE DENSITY ON THE MANGROVE FOREST WITHIN2-5 KM AROUND THE PROJECT AREA No. Vernacular Name Scientific Name Density (tree/rai) I Kong kaang bailek Rhizophora apiculata Bi. 145.23 2 Faat khaao Lumnitzera racemosa Wilid. 33.23 3 Pung ka hua sum Bruguiera conjugata Merr. 29.54 4 Kong kaang baiyai Rhizophora mucronata Poir. 13.54 5 Ta buun khaao Xylocarpus granatum Koen. 8.62 6 Mhum daeng Cordia cochinchinensis Pierre 4.92 7 Faat daeng Lumnitzera littorea Voigt. 3.69 8 Prong khaao Ceniops decandra Ding hou 3.69 9 Thua khaao Bruguiera cylindrica Bl. 2.46 10 Lum phuu Sonneratia caseolaris Engler. 2.46 11 Lam phaen Sonneratia alba J.E. Smith 2.46 12 Samet khaao Melaleuca leucadendra Linn. 1.23 Average 20.92 MT;5 I(} 1>llh-bAL 31 4 9 The average sapling density is 12.43 trees/rai which is almost the same as in the inner zone. Kong kaang bailek (Rhizophora apiculata BI.) has the highest density of 65.23 sapling/rai follow by Pung ka hua sum (Bruguiera conjugata Merr.) 18.46 sapling/rai, Faat khaao (Lumnitzera racemosa Willd) 13.54 sapling/rai and Kong kaang baiyai (Rhizophora mucronata Poir.) 73.8 sapling/rai as shown in Table 3.11-7. The average seedling density is 56.75 seedling/rai. Ngueak pla mo still shows the highest density of 231.38 seedling/rai follow by Kong kaang bailek (Rhizophora apiculata Bl.) 176.00 seedling/rai, Faat khaao (Lumnitzera racemosa Willd) 30.77 seedling/rai and Prong thale (Acrostichum aureum Linn.) 25.85 seedling/rai as shown in Table 3.11-8. (b) Fuelwood Volumes From the field survey, in the inner zone (0-2 Iam) area the fuelwood size average volume of trees is 0.228 m3/rai. Samae khaao (Avicennia alba Roxb.) has the highest average volumes of 0.720 m3/rai follow by Ta buun dam (Xylocarpus moluccensis Roem.), Ta buun khaao (Xylocarpus granatum Koen.) and Taatum thale (Excoecaria agallocha Linn.) has average volumes of 0.617, 0.452, 0.439 and 0.387 m3/rai respectively as shown in Table 3.11-9. For the outer zone (2-5 km radius), the tree average volume is 0.272 m3/rai. Mhun daeng (Cordia cochinchinensis Pierre) has the highest average volume of 1.054 m3/rai follow by Faat daeng (Lumnitzera littorea Voigt.), Lum phaen (Sonneratia alba J.E. Smith), Lum phuu (Sonneratia caseolaris Engler) and Kong kaang baiyai (Rhizophora mucronata Poir.) has the average volume of 0.704, 0.639, 0.190 and 0.107 m3/rai respectively as shown in Table 3.11-10. (c) Fuelwood Valies The present mangrove forest in the study area are under concession especially in Khlong Pakasai and Klong Phela. There are low quantity of tree for fuelwood but harvesting is still going on especially Kong kaang baiyai (Rhizophora mucronata Poir.) and Kong kaang bailek (Rhizophora apiculata BI.) and the price of the green wood is about 150 baht per m3. ENVIO 18-HD MAIN-E-SEC39 FR 3-150 TABLE 3.11-7 SAPLING DENSITY ON THE MANGROVE FOREST WITHIN 2-5 KM RADIUS AROUND THE PROJECT AREA No. Vernacular Name Scientiric Name Density (tree/rai) I Kong kaang bailek Rhizophora apiculata Bl. 65.23 2 Pung ka hua sum Bruguicra conjugata Merr. 18.46 3 Faat khaao Lurnnitzera racemosa WilId. 13.54 4 Kong kaang baiyai Rhizophora mucronata Poir. 7.38 5 Samae khaao Avicennia alba Roxb. 4.92 6 Ta buun dam Xylocarpus moluccensis Roem. 4.92 7 Prong khaao Ceriops decandra Ding hou 3.69 8 Ta buun khaao Xylocarpus granatum Koen. 2.46 9 Sarnci dai-n- Eugeni,a f.-..... _ Crb; 2 46 10 | Mhun daeng Cordia cochinchinensis Pierre 1.23 Average 12.4_ 3-151 E-N1,101K,W1 Ul 11-.XLS TABLE 3.11-8 SEEDLING DENSITY ON THE MANGROVE FOREST WITHIN 2-5 KM RADIUS AROUND THE PROJECT AREA No. Vernacular Name Scientific Name Density (tree/rai) I Ngueak phaa mo Acanthus volubilis Wall. 231.38 2 Kong kaang bailek Rhizophora apiculata Bl. 176.00 3 Faat khaao Lumnitzera racemosa WilId. 30.77 4 Prong thale Acrostichum aureum Linn. 25.85 5 Peng thale Phoenix paludosa Roxb. 16.00 6 Mhun daeng Cordia cochinchinensis Pierre 16.00 7 Ta buun khaao Xylocarpus granatum Koen. 6.15 8 Ta buun dam Xylocarpus moluccensis Roem. 4.92 9 Prong khaao Ceriops decandra Ding hou 3.69 Average 56.75 3-152 ENV IOIh I10r3 II -SXLS TABLE 3.11-9 TREE VOLUME ON THE MANGROVE FOREST WITHIN 2 KM RADIUS AROUND THE PROJECT AREA No. Vernacular Name Scientific Name Density (cu.mJrai) I Samae khaao Avicennia alba Roxb. 0.720 2 Ta buun dam Xylocarpus moluccensis Roem. 0.617 3 Faat daeng Lumnitzera littorea Voigt. 0.452 4 Ta buun khaao Xv)ocarpus granalum Koen. 0.439 5 Taatum thale Excoecaria agallocha Linn. 0.387 6 Thua khao Bruguiera cylindrica Bl. 0.202 7 Prong daeng Ceriops tagal CB.Robinson 0.192 8 Kong kang. baiyai Rhizophora mucronata Poir. 0.132 9 Kong kang bailek Rhizophora apiculata Bl. 0.116 10 Faat khaao Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. 0.050 11 Chik le Baningtonia asiatica Kurz. 0.027 12 Teenpet thale Cerbera odollam Gaerth. 0.024 13 Prong khaao Ceriops decandra Ding hou 0.023 14 Pung ka hua sum Bruguiera conjugata Merr. 0.017 15 Samet khaao Melaleuca leucadendra Linn. 0.017 Average 0.228 3-153 ENVIOi&v8 IIOT3I I-Q.XLS TABLE 3.11-10 TREE DENSITY ON THE MANGROVE FOREST WITHIN 2-5 KM RADIUS AROUND THE PROJECT AREA I I , ,, 1. 11 No. Vernacular Name Scientific Name Average Volume (cu.mJrai) I Mhun daeng Cordia cochinchinensis Pierre 1.054 2 Faat daeng Lumnitzera littorea Voigt. 0.704 3 Lum phaen Sonneratia alba J.E. Smith 0.639 4 Lum phuu Sonneratia caseolaris Engler. 0.190 5 Kong kaang baiyai Rhizophora mucronata Poir. 0.187 6 Ta buun khaao Xylocarpus granatum Koen. 0.096 7 Prong khaao Ceriops decandra Ding hou 0.090 8 Thua khaao Bruguiera cylindrica Bi. 0.081 9 Kong Kaang bailek Rhizophora apiculata Bl. 0.074 10 Samet khaao Melaleuca leucadendra Linn. 0.062 11 Pung ka hua sum Bruguiera conjugata Merr. 0.052 12 Faat khaao Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. 0.036 Average 0.272 3-154 ENVVI018/961 1Orr3l 1-IO.XLS * - Inner zone (0-2 km radius) From the land use map, the total forest area is 760 rai the fuelwood volumes are calculated 173.2 m3 and the total costs are 25.980 baht as shown in Table 3.11-11. - Outer zone (2-5 km radius) The mangrove forest area from the land use map is 4,147 rai, the tree volumes for fuelwood are 1,127.98 m3 and the total costs are 169,197 baht as shown in Table 3.11-11. (d) Future Management The mangrove forest in the study area especially in Klong Pakasai and Klong Phela are under the concession for Mrs. Tin Chaokul No. 40/2514 dated 8 October 1971 for 30 years which are the alternate strip of 40 m. clear felling method except the saplings of Kong kaang (Rhizophora sp.), Prong (Ceriops sp.), Prasak (Bruguiera sp.) and the trees or saplings with dbh lower 15 cm. The second phase of the concession will be terminated on 7 October 2001 and after termination of the concession, the mangrove area will be assigned as conservation forest for environment protection and spawning ground for marine animals/aquatic organisms and fishes. 3.11.2 Wildlife 3.11.2.1 Introduction The Krabi power plant project is the one development project for the rapidly increasing electricity demand. The project development may affect wildlifes. animals. The wildlife study is necessary to assess the impacts and the mitigation and monitoring measures on such undesirable impacts are to be proposed. (1) Objectives - To survey the existing condition of wildlife inhabiting in 5 km radius around the project area. - To assess the impacts likely to occur from the project development on the habitats and the livings of indigenous wild animals. 3-155 ENN101 1HD,MAIN-E'SEC39 FR TABLE 3.11-11 THE FUEL WOOD VALUE ON 2 AND 2-5 KM RADIUS AROUND THE PROJECT AREA Area Volume of Fuel Total Volume Wood of Fuel Wood Value (rai) (cu.m./rai) (cu.m./rai) (baht) 2 km radius around the 760 0.228 173.28 25,980 project area 2-5 km radius around the 4,147 0.272 1.127.98 169,197 project area Total 4,907 0.500 1,301.26 195,177 3-156 E.\lSI tYMB IH- II.I AS - To propose the mitigation and monitoring measures on'such undesirable impacts. (2) Scope of Study This present study is described in 4 main terrestrial vertebrate animals in the 5 km radius around the project area, they are: - Mammals - Birds - Reptiles - Amphibians 3.11.2.2 Methodology (1) The secondary data were collected and reviewed (2) Direct count-observation during the field survey in the study area, to collect data on wildlife by direct count and detecting their signs of activities for examples, tracks, droppings, leaf-feeding signs, nesting sites and call, etc. (3) Indirect count - on accumulation of seconuary ua-La c;oriceimlirlg the study area and the interviewing done with the reliable natives, hunters and officials who have been resided in the study area. (4) Study the wildlife habitats in 5 km radius around the project area. 3.11.2.3 Secondary Data Compilation The environmental impact assessment of the Krabi Lignite Power Plant project was done in 1985 by Tesco Co., Ltd. associated with Mahidol University and Prince of Songkhla University. The wildlife study was conducted in 0-8 km and 8-15 km radius around the project area. The results of the studied can be summarized as follows: (1) Inner zone (0-8 km radius) There were 23 mammal species found such as Flying squirrel (Hvlopetes spp.), Pharyre's leaf mongkey (Presbytis phayrei) Crab eating macaque (Macaca irus) and Wild boas (Sus scrofa), etc. 67 bird species such as White bellied sea eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster), Black eagle (Ictanaetus malayensis), Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) and Common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis), 17 reptile species such as Indian garden lizard (Calotes versicolor), Ground lizard (Leiolepis sp.), Malayan pit 3-157 ENV IOIS, HDU'AN-E/SEC39 FR viper (Agkistrodon rhodostoma), and Common siamese soft-shelled turtle (Trionvse cartilageneus), etc. and 7 amphibians species such as Common asiatic toad (Bufo melarostitus), Tiger frog (Rana tigaerina), Bull frog (Kaloula pulchra) and Flying frog (Polypedates leucornystax), etc. (2) Outer zone (8-15 km radius) There were at least 24 species of wild mammals, 65 birds species, 17 reptile species and 7 amphibian species. The wild animals found are similar to the inner zone. The wildlifes found in the area were the common abundance and uninterested for conservation except Great argus pheasant (Argusianus argus), Malay brown peacock pheasant (Poliyplectron malacense) and Wreathed hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus), because they were specifically distributed in the southern part of Thailand. 3.11.2.4 Results of the Study The wildlife survey was conducted during 2-8 February 1996 couple with forest inventory in the 5 lan. radius around the project area. The results are as follows; (1) Wildlife Abundance The present study has categorized the degree of abundance of each particular species of wildlife into 3 level, i.e., very common, common and uncommon. For the wildlife species observed during field surveys, their degrees of abundance were determined from the numbers of encounter during each survey, as; - Very Common: those wildlife species of ubiquitous in appearance and frequent in occurrence; they are found more than 10 times at each survey time; - Common: those infrequently found in occurrence; they are found 3-10 times at each survey time; - Uncommon: those rarely-found in occurrence; found only 1-2 times at each survey time. The resulted degrees of abundance of every wildlife species in 5 km radius around the project area from direct and indirect counts are; 14 very common abundance species. 33 common abundance species and 51 uncommon abundance 3-158 ENNIO1S HD AISN-ESEC39 FR species as shown in Table 3.11-12 to 3.11-15. The details of each level of abundance are as follows: (a) Very Common Wildlife Species There are 2 very common mammal species found as Crab- eating macaque (Macaca fasicularis) which is found on the mangrove forest along Khlong Pakasai and Khlong Phela, their groups consist of about 10-15 individuals, and Grey-bellied squirrel (Callosciurus caniceps) which is a small-sized terrestrial of the natural and degrade forest. The 11 bird species regarded to be very common in abundance and found living along the mangrove forest such as Brown-headed gull (Larus brunnicephalus), Common king fisher (Alcedo atthis), Indian roller (Coracias benghalensis) and Black drongo (Dicrurus macrocercus), etc. The only very common reptile species found is Common house gecko (Hemidacrylus frenatus) which can be generally found in the village around the project area. There are not very common amphibian found in the study area. (b) Common Wildlife Species The 2 common mammal species found are Pygmy treeshew (Typaia minor) and Roof rat (Rattus rattus) which are small-sized terrestrial mammal species. The 21 common bird species found inhabiting in the mangrove forest, such as Great egret (Egretta alba), Chinese pond heron (Ardeola bacchus), Black-crowned night heron (A&cticorax nycticorax) and Black-shouldered kite (Elanus caeruleus). The 7 common reptile species found inhabiting around the project area are mostly. highly-adaptable species, such as Tokay gecko (Gceko gceko), Forest lizard (Calotes emma), Water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) and Racer (Elaphe prasina). And the 3 common amphibian species are Common black-spined toad (Bufo melanostictus), Marsh frog (Rana limnocharis) and Common burrowing frog (Kaloula pulchra). E. 101S HD IAIN-ESEC09 FR TABLE 3.11-12 DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, PRESENT STATUS AND WARPA STATUS OF THE MAMMAL SPECIES FOUND ON THE PROJECT AREA AND RADIUS 5 KM AROUND PROJECT AREA No. Conmiion Namie Scientific Name Abundance Present Status WARPA Status Impact Assessment V C U I T E R P NP 0 + I Pyginy treeshtew * Tupaia minor . if - if -/ 2. Cr.ab-e.iting miicaqlue i Macaca Iascicufalis V - - - 3. Smooth-coated otter Lutrogale perspicillata - if / -/ 4. Oreinitail smaill-clawed ottcr Aonyx cincrea - / V V - 5. Commnon palill civet Paradoxurus hernaph,oditus - / i -- V - 6. Small asianl mongoose * Hcrpcstesjavanicus - - i if O' 7. C'ralb-eatinig mongoose Herpestes urva - I/ - if 8. Fishing cat P-ionailuwus viverinius -/ if - -i 9. Wild boas Sus scrofa -/ if - -f 10. Palmts's squirrel * Callosciurus erythracus - - i i 11. (rey-bellied squirrel * Callosciurus caniceps if if - -i 12. Roof rat Raitus rattus - i i - if 13. Lesser ricefield rat Rattus losea -/ i -i i 14. Ricefield rat Ratuls .lgcntiventel -i i V i 15. Burmese hugre Lepus pegucnsis -/ i . - if Remark: (I) Abundaince (2) Present Status (3) WARPA Status (4) Impact Assessment * found on the study area V = Very Commoni I = Indeterminated species R = Reserved species 0 = Adaptable C = Common T = Threatened species P = Protected species + = Advantageous lJ = Uncommoni E = Endangered species NP = Non-Protected species - = Disadvantageous 1iNVIOi(1/9(,1 It0tt t1-12.Xl S TABLE 3.11-13 I)ISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, PRESENT STATUS AND WARPA STATUS OF THE BIRD SPECIES FOUND ON TtIE PROJECT AREA AND RADIUS 5 KM AROUND THE PROJECT AREA No. Commoni Name Scienlitic Name Abundance Present Status WARPA Status Impact Assessment4t V C U I T E R P NP 0+ I. Litle grabe Tachybaptus ruficollis at f -/ 2. Cattle egret * Bubuicus ibis - / a a/ 3. Uaeut egret * Egretla alba - a/ - - i 4. Little egret * Egretla garzella - - i - 5. Chinese pond-lheron * Ardeola bacchus a if - - 6. Black-crowned Night-lheron * Nycticorax flyclicor-ax - i a a/ 7. Dubling duck Anas sp. . i i a - 8. Black-shlouldered kite * Elainus cacrulcus - if - a/ 9. Biabimliny kite * Haliastlt- indus - if - i 10. White-bellied Sea-Eagle * ialiaccitus leucogasier a a if if I. Red jungkfowl GailIts gallus a a i i/ 12. W hite-breasted waterfhen Amaurornis phoe nicurus - - i i 13. Grey-hteaded lapwing Vanellus cinercus - if - a/ 14. Common redshank Tringa totanius _ - f f _i FNVIIt18/961 14)11311-13XLS TABLE 3.11-13 (Cont'd) No. Coiuinnoi Nanie Scientific Name Abundance Present Status WARPA Status Inipact Assessment V C U I T E R P NP 0 + 15. Marlsh sandpiper 7ringa stagnatilis -/ -/ f -/ 16. Wood sandpipea Tringa glarcola - -/ if -/ 17. Common sanidpiper 7ringa hypoleucos - if - -/ 18. Browin-lheaded gull * Larus brunnicephalus if - if - 19. Black-naped lemni * Stema sunmarana J f -/ ia 20. Thlich-billed pegion Treroui curvirosfra - - i if 21. Rcwk pegioni Columzba livia - if i -i 22. Spotted dove 4 Streptopelia chinensis i- i - N) 23. Zebra dove 4 Geopelia siriata - / if - if 24. Common koel * Eudynamys scolopacea - / if - if 25. Green-bellied malkoha Pha:enicophacus Iristis - - if -i 26. Greater coucal Cenitr-opus sinensis - if i- . i 27. Lesser coucal Coniropus bengalensis - if / -/ 28: Banm owl Tylo alba V if - -i 29. Collared Scops-Owl Olus lempiji - - if i 30. Large-tailed nightjar* Caprimnulgus macrurus . if - - if 3i. Common kingfisher * Alcedo aithis 1 - . 1 _ LNV I OI()qo I I (l/131 1-13. xl .S TABLE 3.11-13 (Cont'd) No. Common Namime Scientific Name Abundance Present Status12) WARPA Status Impact Assessimient V C U I T E R P NP 0 + 32. B1own-win6ged Kingtisher* Pelargopsis anulauroptcra . - -/ - - 33. Whiite-i tnoated Kinglisher r Hllcyon smymensis - if - -/ 34. Indian rliet* Coracias bcimghalensis if . - . - - 35. Litmeated barbet Megalauitna lineala a - . if -- 36. Asian palnnswift* Cypsiurus balansiensis I . . if - -/ 37. House switt* Apus allihis if - - '- 38. Barn swallow* Hiirundo rustica -/ / I -- 39. Ricluard's pipit* Aiinhus richardi f . - . . - - U.) 40. Forest wagtail* Deidimnanthus indicus - - .f if - 41. Cuonimnu iora* Aegithiha tiphia - if - . - 42. Red-whiskered bulbul Pycnoliotus jocosus - - . if -- 43. Shleak -eared buIbul4 Pycnonotus blanfordi - i/ / -/ 44. Black drongo* Dicrurus uiiacroccrcus if . . I - - 45. Gireater iacket-tailed drongo* Dicrurus paradiseus - - . I -/ 46. Large-billed crow4 Corvus trnacrou hynchos - .f -f . . - - 47. Common tailorbird Ornhooinus sultorius - if | if - 48. Darkl-necked tailorbird* Orthotomus atrogtilaris / - i - tENV IO90811/ l1U/'3t11 1ALXl.S TABLE 3.11-13 (Cont'd) No. (COinion Naiiie Scientific Name Abundance Present Status WARPA Status 3impact Assessment V C u I T E R P NP ( + 49. Ohiental magpie-robin Copsychus saularis / - . -- / 50. White-ruoimped sliama * CCopsycius malabaricus -/ I . - - . 51. Black-collared starling * Stumus nigricollis . - / - -/ 52. Conmnonm yna * Acridotheres trislis / - -/ -/ 53. lill mynia Gracula teligiosa - - 1 I/ 54. Eurasian tree sparrow * Passer montanus I -/ - - 55. Plain-backed sparrow * Passcr flaveolus / - .. / / . = 5b6. t3aya weaver Plocens philippinus _ _ I I _ _ I _ _ . _ Rewark: (I) Abuindanice (2) Present Status (3) WARPA Status (4) Impact Assessment * Found on the study area V = Very common I = Indeterminated species R = Reserved species 0 = Adaptable C Common T = Threatened species P = Protected species + = Advantageous tJ Unicoinmon E = Endangered species NP = Non-Protected species - = Disadvantageous I'NV I0t1t8/96 1'311i-13A.XL.S TABLE 3.11-14 I)ISTRIBLUTION, ABUJND)ANCE, PRESENT STATUS AND WARPA STATUS OF THE REPTILE SPECIES FOUND ON THE PROJECT AREA AND RADIUS 5 KM AROUND THE PROJECT AREA No. Conmmon Namie Scientific Name Abundance Present Status WARPA Status Impact Asessment V C U I T E R P NP 0 _ 1. (ommoo softshell Arnyda cartilaginca - - i -/ 2. Field turtle Mulayemys subtriguga - - / / 3. Commoiimn house gecko * Hemidactylus trenatus V/ - -- / 4. Comnmoni gecko * Hemidactylus gamolii i/ / - / T5. Tokay gecko Gekko gecko - I - / ,-" 6. lorest lizard * Calotes emma - / - - 7. Garden lizard Caloles myslaccus - I / -/ -f 8. 1,0ng-tailed skink * Mabuya longicaudata - - / -/ / 9. Variable skihk Mabuya niaculaiia - / / / / 10. Marble mionilor lizard * Varanus nebulosus - - / - / II. Water moniitor lizard * Varanus salvaror - V / -/ I 12. Common blind snake Ramiphotyphkips birrtotirnus - I / -/ -/ 13. Racer Elaphe prasina - / - I1 14. Black tailed rat snake Plyas carinatus -/ / -/ - ENVIOl 18P(I/ 110(13 3114.%LS TABLE 3.11-14 (Cont'd) No. Commnon Name Scientific Name Abundance Present Status WARPA Status Impact Assessment V C U I T E R P NP 0 + 15. InPdo-ciinese ral snake Ptyas korros - - if - 16. Counomn bronzeback Dendrelaphis piclus - - if -- 17. Point-head wlhip snake Ahaetulla nasut -a/ / -/ / 18. Monocellaled cobra Naja kaouthia - - J / 19. Sea snake Thalassophina sp. - - I I 20. Sea snake Hydrophis sp. / / -/ I- 21. Malayan pit viper Calloselasma rhodostoma It / - - o 22. Pit viper Trimneresurus sp. _ / / _ - _ _ Remiark: (I) Abundance (2) Present Status (3) WARPA Status (4) Impact Assessment * found on the study area V = Very common I = Indeterminated species R = Reserved species 0 = Adaptable C = Common T = Tbreatend species P = Protected species + = Advantageous UI = Uncolilmon E = Endangered species NP = Non-Protected species - = Disadvantageous UNVf IIIXI-, I 1t) ll II -1 viS TABLE 3.11-15 D)ISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, PRESENT STATUS AND WARPA STATUS OF AMPHIBIAN SPECIES FOUND ON PROJECT AREA AND 5 KM RADIUS AROUND THE PROJECT AREA No. Common Name Scientific Name Abundance Pr) Present Status (2) WARPA Status (I) Impact Assessment t4) V C U I T E R P NP 0 + 1. Common black-spiuied toad * Bufo meltanostictus - 4 - 4 1 2. Lowland frog Rana rugulosa . . 4' 4' / 4' _j 3. Mal-si frog # Rana limin)ocharis - / - I - 4. Merdian-striped burrowing frog Kaloula ntcdioliiaica a - / 4' - 5. Commiliion burrowing frog Kaloula pulchrm - 4' -/ 4 Remark (I) Abundanice (2) Present Status (3) WARPA Stalus (4) Impact Assessment * found on the study area V = Very Common I = Indeterminated species R = Reserved species 0 = Adaptable C = Commoni T = Threatened species P = Protected species + = Advantageous U = Uncoilmnon E = Endangered species NP = Non-Protected species - Disadvantageous IiNVltUtM/'J6t 11(/131 I-15.XI.S (c) Uncommon Wildlife Species The 11 uncommon mammal species are mainly small sized such as Smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata), Common palm civet (Pa radoxurus hermaphroditus) and Burmese hare (Lepus peguensis), etc. The 24 uncommon bird species such as Little grabe (Tachybaptus ruficollis), Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis), Dubling duck (Anas sp.), Whit-bellied sea-eagle (Haliacctus leucogaster) and Red-whiskered bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus), etc. The 14 uncommon reptile species are mostly the snakes such as Indo dinese rat snake (Ptyas korros), Sea snake (Thalassophina sp.), Malayan pit viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma) and Sea snake (Hydrophis sp.), etc. And the 2 uncommon amphibian species, which are inhabiting in paddy field and on the moist ground such as Lowland frog (Rana rugulosa) and Common burrowing frog (Kaloula pulchra). (2) Wildlife Present Status The present status of each particular wildlife species follows closely with those provided by Humphrey and Bain (1990) with slight modifications to suit the present situation. This work determined the status of the Thai wildlife by using the population numbers and distributional patterns as the criteria, as follows: (a) Endangered Species - E Those wildlife species whose natural populations have so drastically reduced and their distributional ranges are so seriously dwindled so that they will become extinct in the near future, if no appropriate conservation measures has been applied. (b) Threatened Species - T Those having rapidly decreasing population numbers and shrinking local distributions, so that without appropriate preventive measures put into effect the extinction will occur in the near future. (c) Indeterminate Species - I Those lacking definite data to indicate their true status. In this study it is also applied to those wild animals with high adaptability to the changing environmental conditions, with high natural population numbers, and having widespread distributions in the project area in both local and regional levels. 3-168 ENVIOIS,HDIMAIN-ESEC39 FR From the wildlife study, the wildlife animals are almost the Indeterminate species as all the 15 indeterminate mammal species, all 56 indeterminate bird species, 21 indeterminate reptile species and all 5 indeterminate amphibian species. The only one threatened reptile species is Marble monitor lizard (Varanus nebulosus) as shown in Table 3.11-12 to 3.11-15. (3) WARPA Status The legal status of nearly all wildlife species have been determined by the Wild Animals Reservation and Protection Act B.E. 2535 (1992), according to which the wildlife species are categorized into the reserved and the protected wild animals. In this present study 3 legal status of the wildlife species are considered as: (a) Reserved Species - R Defined as rare species that have been declared, by the royal decree, as such in the appended list of the WARPA B.E. 2535 (1992), comprising 15 species, i.e., the White-eyed river martin, the Asiatic two-homed rhinoceros, the lesser one-homed rhinoceros, the Kouprey, the Wild buffalo, tie Elu's deer, the Schomburgk's deer, the Southern serow, the Chinese goral, the Gurney's pitta, the Sarus crane, the Marble cat, the Malayan tapir, the Fea's muntjak and the dugong. (b) Protected Species - P Those species determined by the ministerial regulation to be as such in 476 items; of which covering 189 mammalian items, 182 bird items, 63 reptilian items, 12 amphibian items, 13 insect items, 4 fish items and 13 invertebrate items. However, this study emphasises only 4 vertebrate groups, i.e., the mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians. (c) Non-protected Species - NP Those wildlife species encountered in the study areas, but not listed in the 2 above-mentioned official lists. (1) Reserved Species From the study results are not found the wildlife animals in the appended list of the WARPA B.E.2535. 3-169 EN'VRl)lS.HD MIAIN,E.SEC39 FR (2) Protected Species According to the WARPA B.E.2535 (1992), the 7 protected mammal species include the Crab-eating macaque (Macaca fasicularis), Oriental small-crowed otter (Aonyx cinerea), Crab-eating mongoose (Hespestes urva) and Fishing cat (Prionailurus virerrinus), etc., the 50 protected bird species such as Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis), Black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) Black- shouldered kite (Elanus caeruleus), Conmmon redshank (Tringa totanus) and Brown- headed gull (Larus brunicephalus), etc, the 8 protected reptile species such as Common softshell (Amyda cartilaginea), Forest lizard (Calotes emma), Marble monitor lizard (Varanus nebulosus), Black tailed rat snake (Ptyas carinatus) and Water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator), etc. And the amphibian animals are not found in protected species. (3) Non-Protected Species The 8 non-protected mammal species are the rodent which are usually small animals, such as the Pygmy treeshew (Tupaia minor), Common palm civet (Paradoxurus hemaphroditus), Wild boar (Sus scrofa), Pallas squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus) and Ricefield rat (Rattus argentiventer). The 6 non-protected bird species are those frequently seen in the study area, such as the Rock pegion (Columba livia), Spotted dore (Streptopelia chinensis), Richard's pipit (Anthus novaeseelandiae) and Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus), etc. The 14 reptile animals are non-protected species, such as Common house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus), Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko), Long tailed skink (Mabuya longicaudata) and Common blind snake (Eamphotyphlops braminus). Amphibians mostly non-protected by law are 5 species, as Common black spined toad (Bufo melanostictus), Lowland frog (Rana rugulosa), Marsh frog (Rana limnocharis), Merdian striped burrowing frog (Kaloula mediolineata) and Common burrowing frog (Kaloula pulchra). 3-170 ENV1OIS HD MAN-ESEC39 FR 3.11.2.5 Wildlife Habitats Land uses within 5 km radius around the project site are almost the agricultural land, such as para rubber, oil palm and paddy field etc. Wild animals which can adapt to this habitat site are small mammals and birds, together with some reptiles and amphibians, among the mammals are the Grey-bellied squirrel (Callosciurus caniceps), Pygmy treeshew (Tupaia minor) and Pallas's squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus), etc. Along the Khlong Pakasai, Khlong Koksai and Khlong Phela which are the mangrove forest, are the wild animal habitat of the fishing birds, some of the reptiles and amphibians, such as Great egret (Egretta alba), Chinese pond-heron (Ardeola bacchus), Black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) Water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator), Sea snake (Thalanophina sp.), Sea snake (Hydrophis sp.), etc. Near the project area in EGAT premise, there are 2 reservoirs where the wild animals, such as Dubling duck (Anas sp.), Chinese pond-heron (Ardeola bacchus), Marsh frog (Rana limnocharis), Marble monitor lizard ( Varanus nebulosus), etc. These reservoirs are feeding and spawning ground for fowl. 3.12 LAND USES/AGRICULTURE 3.12.1 Introduction Information on land use systems and more specifically agricultural systems are necessary for the rural land resources development feasibility study project. 3.12.2 Study Methodology The investigation on land use and agriculture area of about 49,107 rai within the 5 km. radius of the old power plant were made by using aerial photo interpretation technique based on the standard land use categories described by the Land Use Planning Division. Land Development Department. Panchromatic black and 3-171 ENVIOIS.HD MIAIN-E.SEC39 FR white aerial photos scale 1:15,000 taken in December, 1994 were used together with 1:50,000 scale topographic map. Field check was carried out in January 1996 after completion of aerial photo interpretation. Final land use map scale 1:50,000 was drafted, area coverage of each land use category was measured, and report was prepared. 3.12.3 Results of the Study The results of the investigation revealed that. The studied area had 12 land use categories as described below:- (Table 3.12-1 and Figure 3.12-1) (1) U2: Village It refers to a cluster or houses along the roads or canals (Khlong) such as Khlong Khanan, Khlong Bangmark and a house built on individual land ownership. Altogether village covers an area of about 473 rai or 0.93% of the total studied area. (2) U3: Institutions The institutions identified are Wats and schools. They cover an area of about 189 rais or about 0.38% of the studied area. (3) Al: Paddy Field There are both rainfed and irrigated paddy field in the study area. However. irrigated field cover small area in the northern part of the project area. The rainfed paddy fields concentrate in the lowlands scattered throughout. Most of paddy field are normally cultivated with local rice varieties. Recommended high yielding varieties (Ko, Kho) are grown in few small area. Local rice is transplanted in August harvested in February while Ko Kho rice is transplanted in August but harvested in December. In irrigated area rice of Medium, non-sensitive variety can be transplanted in March and harvested in July. Farmers commonly apply chemical fertilizers but unfortunately local rice varieties do not response to such fertilizer application and unappropriate proportion of chemical fertilizers. Average yield is 290 kg/rai (non-irrigated area). Most of rice cultivation is for domestic consumption. Total rice cultivated area is 2,871 rai or about 5.85% of the study area. 3-172 ENV'1018,HDVAIN-E'SEC39 FR TABLE 3.12-1 LAND USE ON 1KRABI MIHET'LAILATL APODfTV R PLANT Mapping Unit Land Use Area Rai Percent U2 Village 473 0.96 U3 Institutions 189 0.38 Al Paddy Field 2,871 5.85 A3.2 Para Rubber 19,043 38.78 A3.3 Oil Palm 9,288 18.91 A4.1 Mixed Orchard 307 0.63 A9 Shrimp Farms 851 1.73 Ml Idle Land 3,580 7.29 E Krabi Thermal Power Plant Land 7,200 14.66 F1.6 Mangrove Forest 2,305 4.69 (Fl.6) Degraded Mangrove Forest 2,872 5.85 W Water Body 128 0.26 __________. -Total 49,107 100.00 ENiTs,'01 8/% I rAa.&I I xLs1.= 3-173 FtAI -TAN- - u A3.2 A33Xooc 2 sos,ooot \ 15140 @s,oooz 0/ \ l 0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~aoePot~ .,o jr T I I,_,P 80.so,oo,. AS ar ub '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~M * ' dX .Lsr. , , , TEAM FIGURE 3454: LAND USE MAP WlTHiN 5 Km. RADIUS OF KCRABI THERMAL POWER PLANT 3 (4) A3.2: Para Rubber Para rubber is the most wide spread cultivated crops within the project area. It covers 39% of the studied area (19,043 rai). Most of the rubber plantations are old and local varieties. New rubber plantations which receive support from the Office of Rubber Replanting Aid Fund use the official recommended varieties, such as RRIM600, GTI, and PR255. Yield is variable between 90-285 kg/rai depending on the condition of the plantation, variety used and plantation management. Average yield in 1994 was 270 kg/rai which was considered to be higher than previous average yield due to more improved varieties and management technic used. Soils that are suitable for rubber plantation, and give satisfactorily financial return are Klong Tom Series, Krabi Series, Tha Sae Series, Na Tham Series, Lam Phula Series, and Pak Chan Series. Farmers who grow rubber on relatively flat land prefer to plant annual or biannual crops such pineapple, papaya to obtain quick income during the first 3-4 years of new plantation. (5) A3.3: Oii Paim Another important economic crop next to para rubber is oil palm. Oil palm Plantation covers 9,288 rai or about 18.9% of the total project land area. Common oil palm variety is Tenera (Durax Pisifera), a high yielding variety developed in Malaysia. Oil palm grows well on well drained loam to clay loam texture with somewhat high and well balance of plant nutrients; nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, magnesium, and calcium. Suitable soil pH should be between 5-7. Generally quality of soils that are used for oil palm cultivation in the project area (Km, Kbi, Te. Te-g, Te-m, Ll, Kh and Pac) are below required standard. Farmers like to grow oil palm although obtaining comparatively low yield because low price fluctuation and financial return is still better than growing other crops. (6) A4.1: Mixed Orchard This land use category represent land around homesteads that are used for cultivating mixture of fruit crops such as mango, coconut. jackfruit, rose-apple and cashew nut. The field investigation revealed that the main crop is still coconut although with decreasing trend. Mixed orchard covers about 307 rai or 0.63% of the total studied area. ENN'IOI,HD.MAIN-EiSEC39 FR 3-175 (7) A9: Shrimp Farms Shrimp farms are found mostly on degraded mangrove forest and old rubber plantation. Shrimp farms cover an area of approximately 851 rai or 1.73% of the total studies area. (8) Mi: idie Land An abandoned lands to be covered by struts, bushes and weeds. This category of land use covers somewhat large area; 3,580 rai or 7.29% of the total studied land. (9) E : Krabi Thermal Power Plant Area It represents the land which has been allocated to EGAT to use for Krabi Thermal Power Plant Project. The area includes power plant, mine dumping area, golf course, old mine pits, reservoir, and agricultural land which concentrated in the Southwest corner of the boundary. The farmers illegally used the land for growing oil palm, para rubber, and rice. Some part of the land is left idle. Total land of this unit is 7,200 rai or about 14.66% of the studied area. Figure 3.12-2 shows land use pattern of the unit in more detail. (10) F1.6: Mangrove Forest Mangrove forest are found along Khlong Phela and Khlong Pakasai covering 2,307 rai or about 4.69% of the studied area. (11) (F1.6): Degraded Mangrove Forest The unit represent the mangrove forest that have been encroached by the people to such an extent that they are severely deteriorated. They are found near the mangrove forest but farther in land. Total coverage of degraded mangrove forest is 2.872 rai or about 5.85% of the studied area. (12) W: Water Body The natural water bodies are Khlong Phela and Khlong Pakasai which cover an area of around 128 rai or 0.26% of the studies area. 3.12.4 Existing Land Uses within the Krabi Thermal Power Plant Ten land use categories recognized on the 7,200 rai, belong to Krabi Thermal Power Plant Project (Figure 3.12-2). 3-176 EN-I018 RD MALN-E'SEC39 FR 503.000 O.(E) 505.0000.(E) *§oo f 1 }mA3.2 -88500 (N) A l Re MI ' \\\n~ocreation Are. (A1~~~~~~ 12 . ........ \\ ang Mark Plit 2) h \ io t} > ~~~~~~Wod Lok- L 9 \ g< ~~~~~~~~~~A3.3 Wo Wl Lek Pit -880.000UM(N) 7\ )\ffi- 5~~~~~~~~~C.t-te I 0 9 Z > ~~~~~~~~~Al Ulin (PADDY FIELD) A3.2 "WI71 (PARA RUBBER) A3.3 d,ihjbUTiU (OIL PALM ) ml (I> \ M1 Run jul TvliU (IDLE LAND) W2 Um4w (WATER BODY) :IGURE 3.12-2:LAND USE IN THE KRABI THERMAL POWER PLANT 3-177 (1) ASH pit (old ash dumping site): cashews are grown in some area (2) Recreation Area: botanical garden and playground (3) Big pond (old Khlong Bang Pu Dam pit) (4) Para Rubber (grown on mine dumping mound of Khlong Bang Pu Dam old mine) (5) Reservoir (6) Khlong Bangmark pit (7) Khlong Wai Lek pit (8) Krabi Electric work (9) Encroached area: EGAT's land encroached by local people (10) Idle land : unused land covered by small trees and bushes and grasses. 3.13 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 3.13.1 Introduction Solid waste management is an imnportant environmental issue. In appropriate solid waste management may cause adverse impact on environment and community in the vicinity of the proposed project. So the study of solid waste management is necessary for the evaluation of the effects of the project on the environment in construction and operation periods. 3.13.2 Study Methodology In January 1996, the information on solid management of the community near the proposed project from Amphoe public health office and Amphoe Muang Krabi office and including data from leader of community were collected and studied. 3-178 ENV 101 SIHD,AMMN-E!SEC39 FR 3.13.3 Results of the Study The area of solid waste management near the proposed project can be classified into two parts as Inside Nua Khlong Sanitary district and Outside Nua Khlong Sanitary district. For the solid waste management inside Nua Khlong sanitary district, there are 2 waste truck with capacity of 15 cu.yd. and 10 cu.yd. respectively. This sanitary district provides waste collection services 2 times/day/vehicle. The amount of solid waste is about 2 tons/day. Sources of solid wastes comprise households, daily market, and weekend market, etc. The dispQsal method used is burning and landfill. Solid waste dumping area is 20 rai with landfill capacity of about is 3000 cu.m. (15 m. of width, 40 m. of length, 5 m. of depth). For solid waste management of area outside Nua Khlong sanitary, the wastes are collected and disposed by each household by burning and landfill. Data from provincial public health office indicate that 80-100% of households in Ban Pakasai, Ban Thung Prasan, Ban Thung Sakhon, Ban Huai Sok, Ban Khlong Mak and Ban Khong Wai Lek have waste containers and about 76.92-100% them have waste pit, 76.92- 100% of the household manage with the solid waste by open burning (Table 3.13-1). The primary data obtained from the field survey by questionnaire for each household reveal that most of households in Ban Pakasai, Ban Thung Sakhon, Ban Huai Sok. Ban Ko Phot, Ban Khlong Wai Lek disposed their solid waste by open burning (about 80-100%) only 0.00-20.00% of them in manage the waste by burning (Table 3.13-2). Waste production rate of these community is 2 kg./day/household. Source of waste near the proposed project are households and fallen leaves of trees. 3-179 ENV1018iHD MAIN-ESEC39 FR TABLE 3.13-1 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT NEAR THE PROPOSED PROJECT IN 1995 Percentage of Household Tambon Ban have waste have waste have place for eliminate send to another have waste container pit waste ferment in waste by elimination elimination form of fertilizer burning system Pakasai Pakasai 90.91 90.91 - 90.91 - Thung Prasan 80.00 76.92 - 76.92 - Thung Sakhon 91.94 80.65 - 80.65 - Khlong Khanan Huai Sok 100.00 100.00 - 100.00 - Khlong Mak 100.00 100.00 - 100.00 - Khong Wai Lek 100.00 100.00 - 100.00 - 100.00 Source: Changwat Krabi Public Health Office, 1996. ENN 1018, i 01TAB 1S- I .XLS 3-180 TABLE 3.13-2 T,""VFLD T?1M?I7'I7 d'Iv 04I%, in A,OLI WAS'TE I"A V A NAGEMEN.T NE1%AIDAR THE PROPOSFD PROJECT r iLR a v r, A WVO- l Y -. - --- .v-.- - Number *number of Waste elimination in household (%) Tambon Ban of sample Burning Burying household household Number Percentage Number Percentage Pakasai Pakasai 45 11 10 90.91 1 9.09 Thung Sakhon 120 25 20 80.00 5 20.00 Khlong Khanan Huai Sok 97 25 22 88.00 3 12.00 Ko Phot ** 50 10 8 80.00 2 20.00 Kh long Wai Lek 92 19 19 100.00 0 0.00 Source: Field survey of solid waste management near the proposed project during 20-21 January 1996. Note: (1) * Number of household for socio-economic survey is 20% of household in each Ban (2) ** Ban Ko Phot is a group of houses in Ban Khlong Mak, Moo 3. At present, in Ban Ko Phot there are 50 households. Total number of households in Ban Khlong Mak is 155 consisting of 507 male and 523 female (Mr. Laemun Sanhat who was assisstant of head of Tambon Khlong Khanan, being responsible for Ban Ko Phot). 3-181 E.N iV ocs,1i lTk AB3AI2.xLs 3.14 WATER USE 3.14.1 Introduction A great amount of water will be needed for the power plant operation and for domestic uses of EGAT staff. This may cause some impact on other water users in the area who share the same water resources. Thus, it is necessary to study about water uses and water resources within the project vicinity. 3.14.2 Study Methodology (1) Collect data on water uses and water resources within the study area from related government agencies and from available documents. (2) Study status and quantity of water in reserved water resources for the project by field survey. 3.14.3 Results of the Study Water resource management in the study area can be described as follows: 3.14.3.1 Water for Domestic Uses There are systems of water supply only in big communities and in EGAT's area. In local communities, there are simple systems of village water supply (to pump water from water resource to store in a high tank and then distribute to various households in the service area). In EGAT's premise, there is an internal system of water supply, raw water is pumped from 2 reservoirs (with total capacity of 3.6 million cubic metres and total quantity of usable water of 2.2 million cubic metres per year) to be treated and supply within EGAT's boundary. There is no concern about outside area since the reservoirs belong to EGAT, people from communities outside do not use water from these resources. At present, 100 cubic metres of raw water from the 2 reservoirs are 3-182 ENV.1018 HD.'MA1N-E/SEC314 FR pumped up to produce the water supply daily. In other areas, there is no system of water resource management. There are only self-supplied patterns, i.e. getting water from artesian well, shallow well or pond (5-7 metres deep) which supply plenty of water during rainy season. During dry season, local people have to face water shortage problem for some periods. They have to use water from natural canal such as Khlong Pakasai, Khlong Phela or water from their neighbor's well. During the time of water shortage, EGAT help the local people by supplying them with water in the tank trucks. 3.14.3.2 Water Uses in Aquaculture Within 5 Iam around the study area, there are aquaculture farms of jumbo tiger prawns and groupers (Epinephelus sextasciatus). For groupers, they are kept in floating baskets in canals, therefore, there is no need for water pumping from other sources. For jumbo tiger prawns, they are kept in special ponds for prawn culture. It is found that there are tiger prawn aquaculture farms along Khlong Pakasai, about 3 kmn downstream from the inake, which is expected to be a raw waLer resouurce for cooling system in the Krabi Thermal Power Plant (Figure 3.14-1). The total area of tiger prawn aquaculture is about 135 rai. Total volume of water to be pumped up for aquaculture activity is about 243,000 cubic metres per month. The changing water from prawn culture is drained back into Khlong Pakasai at almost 6f the same volume of pumped up water. The farmers culture the prawns twice a year, 4 months for each period. 3.15 POWER AND ELECTRICITY 3.15.1 Introduction During construction period, use of power and electricity within the proposed project may cause effect on power and electricity use of commnunity nearby. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct the study on power and electricity. E.NV1018iHD, %WN-E:SEC314 FR 3-183 IL7U~~~IJ~J1J~~ ~ ~ ~ I j~~/ *i~~j* 'I ~~ ~71 PRJC 0AK 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ R'S. GRF* CL 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~' ~~~.., -- : ~~~~~~~~~~, LEEN t ~ ~~~ ibSRbP AR IIGURE 3.14-t SHRIMP FARM POSITION AT THE KLONG PAKASAI VICINIT 3.15.2 Study Methodology For the study of Environmental Impact Assessment of power and electricity, the data was collected from the Provincial Electricity Authority and the Community Development office of King Amphoe Nua Khlong, Changwat Krabi and analyzed in January, 1996. The data of concern include: - Source of power and electricity around the project area. - The quantity of the power and electricity use around the project area. 3.15.3 Results of the Study Changwat Krabi receives electricity from the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (Southern Region). The power plant was located at Tambon Khlong Khanan, King Amphoe Nua Khlong, Changwat Krabi which used Lignite as fuel for electricity generation. At the end of the year 1995, this power plant was out of commission. Changwat Krabi still receives elect.riciy, from the nearby EGAT's power plant through high voltage transmission lines. During 1994-1995, King Amphoe Nua Khlong electricity use was approximnately 15,311,651 kW/hr. (Table 3.15-1) Number of electricity customers is 5.504 (Table 3.15-2). The electricity users around the proposed project can be described as follows: (1) Ban Pakasai Ban Pakasai is located in Moo 1, Tambon Pakasai, King Amphoe Nua Khlong. Number of people in this village was 234 persons (45 households). The electricity users were only 28 households or 62.22% of the member of this village. (2) Ban Thung Sakhon Ban Thung Sakhon is located in Moo 4, Tambon Pakasai, King Amphoe Nua Khlong. Number of people in this village was 630 persons or 121 households. The electricity customers were 52 households or 42.98% of residents in this village. ENVIOI&SHDIMAIN-E/SEC314 FR 3-185 TABLE 3.15-1 THE QUANTITY OF ELECTRICITY USE CLASSIFIED BY KIND OF USER IN KING AMPHOE NUA KHLONG, CHANGWAT KRABI Unit: KW/hr Year Residenial Business Small Size Medium Size Large Size Specific Government and Pumping Temporary Spare Total Oragnization Electricity Electricity Electricity 1994 0c293.214 1,170,71)3 5,428,300 l| 0 875,595 0 123.557 0 13,891,359 1995 7,925,7)3 1,370,9I 7 63,536,551 0 0 748,079 264 150,359 0 16,731,943 Avciagc 7,109,454 1,270,845 5,982,426 0 0 811,837 132 136,958 ) 15,311,651 Soaircc 'Ihc lroviiiciall Electricity Atillority, 1996. I:NV If IIAX10/tAtB315- 1.XIS TABLE 3.15-2 NUMBER OF ELECTRICITY CUSTOMERS CLASSIFED BY KIND OF USER IN KING AMPHOE NUA KHILONG, CHANGWAT KRABI tlnit Numbers of Customer Year Residential Business Small Size Medium Size Large Size Specific Government and Pumping Temporary Spare Total Organization Electricity Electricity Electricity 1994 4,962 175 10 0 0 50 0 27 0 5,224 w 1')995 5,486 200 12 0 0 52 0 34 0 5,784 Xa, Average 5,224 188 _I 0 0 51 0 31 0 5,504 Source l'bc Provinicial I'lectricily Authority, 1996 I:NVlIlOMXAI ItVA11315-2.XLS (3) Ban Huai Sok Ban Huai Sok is located in Moo 2, Tambon Khlong Khanan, King Amphoe Nua Khlong. Number of people in this village was 507 persons or 97 households. The electricity customers were 85 households or 87.63% of inhabitants in this vill2ige (4) Ban Khlong Mak Ban Khlong Mak is located in Moo 3, Tambon Khlong Khanan, King Amphoe Nua Khlong. Number of people in this village was 1,030 persons or 155 households. The electricity customers were 151 households or 97.42% of households in this village. (5) Ban Khlong Wai Lek Ban Khlong Wai Lek is located in Moo 6, Tambon Khlong Khanan, King Amphoe Nua Khlong. Number of people of this village was 447 persons or 92 households. The electricity customers were 32 household or 34.78% of residents in this village. 3.16 DRAINAGE AND FLOOD CONTROL 3.16.1 Introduction Site clearing and preparation activities of Krabi Thermal Power Plant construction and concerned activities may induce an obstruction on hydrology, drainage channel. This may resulting in flash flood on project area and vicinity. Therefore, the objective is to study on characteristic and flow direction of water within project area and its vicinity. 3-188 ENVlO1&1D?/MA1N-E/SEC314 FR 3.16.2 Study Methodology (1) Study and data collection on flood statistic, damage in pro,ect area and nearly area from concerned documents and organization. (2) Study on drainage pattern, water flow direction at upstream of project site, project site and catchment area by study from geographic map scale 1:50,000 of The Royal Thai Survey Department, EGAT and field survey. 3.16.3 Results of the Study The drainage system within project site and nearby area is the natural drainage. The runoff from any catchment areas will be directly and indirectly flow into the existing natural canal, creek, or khlong and then flow into the main khlong such as khlong Pakasai, Khlong Phela, Khlong Koksai, etc. prior to flow into the Andaman sea (Figure 3.16-1). However, some part of runoff is stored to utilize for EGAT activities due to EGAT has developed the old mine pit to be the reservoir in 2 places witUI thle capacity of about 3.6 .i!lion cubic meters. The first res,ervoir with capacity of about 3.2 million cubic metres receives the runoff from the 5.08 sq.km. catchment area in the quantity of about 2.4 million cu.m./year. The second reservoir with capacity of about 0.4 million cubic metres receives the runoff from 2.05 sq.km. catchment area in the quantity of 1.0 million cu.m./year. In addition, some part of runoff will be drained into the other 3 old mine pits. From these reason, the drainage pattern is changed from the natural conditions. In the past, these natural khlongs were very good drainage channels, thus, there has never been flood in these areas. Concerning the drainage within project site, it was found that the project area receives the runoff from the west side and then drain into the ash disposal pond of the old Krabi Power Plant prior to draining into Khlong Pakasai. 3-189 EN' 1018, HD AWN7E'SEC314 FR 4 LEG END 0 10 to 30K fi- S" ° Io |~ _ _WATER DIRECTION GRAPHIP SCALE KHLONG KOK SAIt 5L1 PAKASAI .HON YAMa A vKLN >;HO6L --AB A KlL/G PAK TA H Oi N /~~~~~~~~~A FIGURE 3.16-1 WATER DIRECTION AIT ThE STUDY AREA .:- 190 3.17 TRANSPORTATION 3.17.1 Introduction During the construction and operation periods of the proposed project, the traffic volume may be increased. Transportation study is conducted to identify any future problems and also to find out the mitigation measures to alleviate these problems. 3.17.2 Study Methodology Data concerning the transportation network of the study area was collected and analyzed as follow: (1) Relevant data on road transportation were collected from the Traffic Engineering Division Department of Highways, Krabi highway district, and field survey to be used as baseline data to assess the potential impacts on road transportation during construction and operation periods. The road transpornation study was especially focused on the highway No. 4 and 4036. (2) Secondary data on navigation traffic were collected from the Harbour Department and the Provincial Harbour office of Changwat Krabi. 3.17.3 Results of the Study (1) Land Transportation (a) Road The road network system in Changwat Krabi (Figure 3.17- 1 and 3.17-2) comprises national highways, provincial highway, and local roads linked together. The road network system in the proposed project vicinity consist of highway No.4 and 4036 and local roads linking the main highways. The details of road networks system near the proposed project can be described as follow: ENV'1018HD:MAIN-E'SEC314 3R D.WUZ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~unt 5 1aarn CA A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ *1~ a.nJ mn&a5 TM~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~h ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~B. ii * 0 .fi X R71l @Is)0 , 1 , ia . 1AIORIIIAHO .~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~a \v7 * ONOXHIA ONA DON 0.48 CH NT'IAP1IJ W M SR >Muw *.;+ffi? LEGW 1!1~~INLM w BFGR 31 :TH IHAS RUDCAt4GW KHAN BA-IX l~~~~~~~N YO aVtf \8."u \ 3.17 -DAI"N i: u afla 1ta 2t,9IJd N MtUR 3.1 'V R7 -1: TH IQWYSAOUDCHNAA RAI ANDAMA-1N u nm nsd f __. . , . .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o I , . I I , , , , , I I , -1 I I~~~~~~~ ~- ---- T- N /S/r7 4 >< < / >7 'I X \ U'"t4 1 S S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~V*r" GRA7-C aSCAU kp*nfg~ ~~*n1liBO OUROAD ; PDANAY LATMRInc NWA e.O.M N - ( ~~~~Vr OM NO: V t)",);Ie N Zu,5/ RAJIRY RCUR'dOIR _, AN KIUAN TO ~ trTIJ w~iJ3) ul l: fiutl9 | | nsi - taunswn<* 17 / KO 9 80YA t {| L<" 1 t ( 4 / I _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~LI < . ,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7 37-57 BAN KIONGIO runon 7 uris R~~~~~~~~~AN KNM tAiO n- ~*5 t--- - iii BAN SO V0 A . KO SI 8 ALAN OWAY MN"AL 3ftooo 9 51~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~SO0V00 E 513,W0 E CO( RfOAD .0% .A TJ1A 3.17-2 FIGURE 3.17-2 TRANSPORTAllON NETWORK NEARLY PROJECT SITE 3-153 - Highway No. 4 passes begin from Changwat Krabi, through king Amphoe Nua Khlong, Tambon Pakasai, Tambon Khok Yang to Amphoe Khlong Thom toward Changwat Trang. The highway No.4 near the proposed project is an asphaltic road with 2 lanes. - Highways No. 4036 begins at king Amphoe Nua Khlong, passes through Tanibon Khlong Khamao and Khlong Khanan and ends at Ban Laem Kruat. It is an asphaltic road with 2 lanes. - EGAT road begins from Km. 92 of highways No.4 (near Wat Thammawut Saranaram), for about 8 km. to the project area. It is an asphaltic road with 2 lanes. - The roads linking among villages in Tambon Pakasai and Tambon Khlong Khanan are one lane loose surface tracts or lateritic tracts. These roads are narrow with rough surface full of ruts and holes, inconvenient for travelling during rainy season. Moreover when vehicles run along the loose surface and lateritic tracts they produce a lot of dust. The traffic volume of Highway No. 4 and 4036 during 1990 to 1994 (Table 3.17-1 and 3.17-2) would increase. The average traffic volume of highway No.4 and 4036 were 4253 and 1009 vehicles/day, respectively. The increment rate of traffic volume per year of highway No.4 and 4036 were 24.42% and 31.62%, respectively. Percentage of heavy vehicles on highway No.4 was 23.81 of total traffic volume while the percentage of heavy vehicles on highway No.4036 was 16.16 of the total. (b) Railway Changwat Krabi has not railways but there are railways in the nearly provinces such as Trang and Nakhorn Si Thammarat. 3-194 ENV1018/HD/MAIN-EISEC314 FR TABLE 3.17-1 AVERAGE ANNUAI, DAILY TRAFFIC ON HIGHWAYS NO. 4 DURING 1990-1994 ._______ .Average Annual Daily Traffic _ 'I cnniuii Station Year Car & Light Heavy Lighi Medium Heavy Total Eleavy Bi + Tri Motor km. Taxi Bus Bus Truck Truck Truck Vehicle Cycles Cycles JCT. TO AO [.UK - 126+0()( 1990 461 195 154 1,166 11 284 2,441 25.35 26 1,062 JCT. TO KRABI 1991 440 173 166 1,466 173 303 2,721 23.59 21 993 1992 290 133 159 1,109 138 236 2,065 25.81 1 1 651 1993 600 220 205 1,309 308 317 2,959 28.05 43 953 1994 622 303 244 1,814 320 445 3,748 26.92 5 1,129 Average 483 205 186 1,373 224 317 2,787 25.94 21 958 Source: Departmeuilt of ighways, 1991 to 1995. I:NV/1018MX II0/l'AI}.117-1.X1-s/Sl1l.tE'-3 TABLE 3.17-1 AVERAGE ANNUAL DAILY TRAFFIC ON HIGHWAYS NO. 4 DURING 1990-1994 Average Annual Daily Traffic I eriini Station Year Car & Light Heavy Light Medium Heavy Total Heavy Bi + Tri Motor kin. T axi Bus Bus Truck Truck Truck Vehicle Cycles Cycles JCT. TO KRABI - 101+500 199( 1,185 535 196 2,353 338 436 5,043 19.23 5 2,624 JCT. TO LAM IIIAP 1991 1,385 609 192 2,511 371 420 5,488 17.91 4 2,737 1992 1,427 446 237 2,364 590 394 5,458 22.37 1 1 2,960 1993 1,682 482 338 2,916 503 1,152 7,073 28.17 3 2,802 1994 2,244 1,443 418 6,458 572 806 11,941 15.04 I I 7,156 Average 1,585 703 276 3,320 475 642 7,001 20.54 7 3,656 Source: Dcpartmenit of highways, 1991 to 1995. TABLE 3.1.7-1 AVERAGE ANNUAL DAILY TRAFFIC ON HIGHWAYS NO. 4 DURING 1990-1994 Average Annual Daily Traffic % Terminii Station Year Car & Light HIcavy Light Medium Heavy Total fleavy Bi + Tri Motor kmi. Taxi Bus Bus Truck Truck Truck Vehicle Cycles Cycles KM.63+9(X) - 63+(NN) 1990 498 108 117 647 148 169 1,687 25.72 42 . 667 1T1ANG/KRABI 1991 497 248 161 8166 193 139 2,104 23.43 98 669 1992 535 108 121 1,128 153 192 2,237 20.83 55 755 1993 1,003 512 506 1,299 516 365 4,201 33.01 143 1,214 1994 1,322 526 308 1,772 387 314 4,629 21.79 114 1,962 Average 771 3(9) 243 1,142 279 236 2,972 24.96 90 1,053 Average ol tlhree termini 946 403 235 1945 326 398 4253 23.81 39 I,889 Source: Departmeit ol highways, 1991 to 1995. IiNVlIm/l(lR^.l gl'AIA WI- lXI-SISIIIT-2 TABLE 3.17-2 AVERAGE ANNUAI, DAILY TRAFFIC ON HIGHWAYS NO.4038 DURING 1990-1994 Average Annual Daily Traffic % Iermini Station Year Car & Light Heavy Light Medium Heavy Total Heavy Bi + Tri Motor Km. Taxi Bus Bus Truck Truck Truck Vehicle Cycles Cycles JCT. R. NO. 4 5+(0() 2533 150 143 2 405 37 27 764 8.63 21 1,311 (NIJA KHILONG) - 2534 - - - - - - - - LAEM KRUAT 2535 117 130 8 347 59 35 696 14.65 29 1,690 2536 88 81 3 510 61 237 980 30.71 13 1,706 2537 148 94 2 1,185 101 67 1,597 10.64 42 2,048 co Average 126 112 4 612 65 92 1,009 16.16 26 1,689 Source: Department of Highways, 1991 to 1995. ENV/(IIXI I, 1011oA11317-2.X1.S (2) Navigation Navigation still plays an important role in Changwat Krabi. Navigation involves in tourism, local transport, f-ishery and cargo transport. Para rubber, palm oil, charcoal are shipped to Bangkok, Singapore and Malaysia. Amphoe Ko Lunta can only be reached by means of water transport. Volume of international navigation traffic in Krabi is about 20 vessels/month. In 1995, traffic volume of fishing boat and long-tailed boat with capacity of less than 60 ton gross was about 100-311 vessels/day, and 20 vessels/day for tourist boats. In case of water transport accident and oil spill accident the Harbour Department has a communication network plan as presented in Appendix D. Details of ports in Changwat Krabi are as follow: - Chianwanit company port (for gypsum transportation), located in Tambon Nong Tha Le, Amphoe Muang. It is about 34 km. from the proposed project. - Chok Phana company port (for gypsum transportation), located in Tambon Nong Tha Le, Amphoe Muang. It is about 33 km. from the proposed project. - Laem Sak nnrt, a fishing and tourism port, located in Tambon Laem Sak, Amphoe Ao Luk. From this port there is a connection route with Amphoe Ko Yao. It is about 84 kam. form the proposed project. - Coastal port of the Harbour Department, located at Khlong Chi Lat in Tambon Sai Thai, Amphoe Muang. It is about 32.5 km. from the proposed project. - Bo Muang port, a fishing and tourism port, located in Tambon Sai Khao, Amphoe Khlong Tom. It is about 90 km. from the proposed project. - Hua Hin port, a crossing point between Ko Klang and Ko Lanta Noi, located in Tambon Ko Klang, Amphoe Ko Lanta. It is about 55 km. from the proposed project. - Khlong Mak port, a crossing point between Ko Lanta Noi and Ko Klang, located in Tambon Ko Lanta Noi, Amphoe Ko Lanta. It is about 89 km. from the proposed project. ENVlO8I/HDIMAIN- ESEC314 FR 3-199 - Ban Lang Sod port, a crossing point between Ko Lanta Noi and Ko Lanta Yai, located in Tambon Lanta Noi, Amphoe Ko Lanta. It is about 89 km. from the proposed project. - Saladan port, a crossing point between Ko Lanta Yai and Ko Lanta Noi; in Tambon Saladan, Amphoe Ko Lanta. It is about 90 km. from the proposed project. - Ko Lanta port, a tourism and passenger port, located in Ko Lanta, Amphoe Ko Lanta. It is about 91 km. from the proposed project. - Ko Phi Phi port, a tourism and passenger port, located in Tambon Ao Nang, Amphoe Muang. It is about 32 km. from the proposed project. - Laem Kruat port, a fishing and passenger port, located in Tambon Khlong Khanan, King Amphoe Nua Khlong. It is about 18 km. from the proposed project. - Nai Huang port, a port for fishing and transport of ice, located in Tambon Sai Thai, Amphoe Muang. It is about 34 lkm. from the proposed project. - Phirasak port, a port for fishing and transport of ice, located in Tambon Sai Thai, Amphoe Muang. It is about 35 km. from the proposed project. - Saphan Chao Fa port of Krabi Municipality, a port for crossing to various islands, being the central port of Changwat Krabi. It is about 31 km. from the proposed project. Laem Kruat port is the nearest port to proposed project. Distance between proposed project and Laem Kruat port is 18 km. (Figure 3.17-2). According to the result of field survey and interviewing people in fisherman village in March 1996. traffic volume of fishing boats at Laem Kruat port is 25-30 vessels/day. The fishing boats are 1.5 m. wide, 6 m. long and 70 cm. wide, 3 m. long. Traffic volume of passenger boat is 20-30 vessels/day (The size of boat is 2.5 m. of width and 10 m. of length). In addition, traffic volume in Khlong Phela is 5-15 vessels/day. The oil terminal port of the proposed project is about 11 km. from the proposed project. 3-200 ENV'1018 HD,/MAN-.ESEC3i4 FR (3) Airways Changwat Krabi has an airport which is under the renovation process. At present, this airport has not opened for public. 3.18 SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY 3.18.1 Introduction The construction and operation of Krabi power plant in the area of Tambon Khlong Khanan, Changwat Krabi should conduct both negative and positive impact to the villager who live in nearby areas around the project. It spread out in 5 villages of 2 Tambon which is Ban Pakasai, Ban Thung Sakhon in Tambon Pakasai and Ban Huai Sok, Ban Ko Phot and Ban Khlong Wai Lek in Tambon Khlong Khanan (Figure 3.18-1). The villages study were identified by the physical character of the village, which should be impacted from various factor both before and after the construction began i.e., size of the village, location, wind direction and velocity, expected type and severe of enviromnent impact which could happen to those village. Objectives of the study are as follow: (1) To study and evaluate the socio-economic condition of the area and finding out occupational and other living problems of the people in the area. (2) To fmd out the environmental problem which impact everyday life of the people level of impact and means to solve those problems. (3) To find out their attitude perception and impact of the project and recommended improving measures. 3.18.2 Study Methodology In this study, both documentary research and field survey were employed. For the documentary research, the secondary data from various sources were collected such as: Changwat Krabi annual report 1990, village socio-economic data 1990, Annual report 1990 of Krabi health office, report on electric situation and ENVIOI8/HD/MAIN-EISEC314 FR 3-201 1-J / ||_ ,1 ' _,- = - L*wte woo C < /\ / >=_1 \ NQ;, \ _____> ) ) \ /A - ) *.OM *Al VA: u u, r s~~~~~~~G K"A r f3> XA S \\'R W = am1 \"A \, , m 3)S<,,, %~~ ------ OM )m. P0ASAP " -v I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~rd &D PAN KHLC"G -X-.5 AUAA SAN LA4a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A,4A t t~~~~~~~~~~PASM 5SAM tmAN~ I'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I vun 3.18-1 ROADu a J is fl Qn l s Qn - R lza LA F G m YFLA CA i. WAY : * TE TAmE .95,000 E~~~~~~~~~~~~I KI.M W300 AMJ *~~~~~~~~iCl~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~tJ1J~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~CC V3J9 WQ WA LIUEA .8lIHELCAINSOISCOTCNOIISRE development plan in Southern and electrical power development plan of EGAT 1991. Furt.erm.ore other documentse were also employed such as : Research document of NESDB of the IMT-GT and other document from universities. The field survey for this study was conducted by field survey which have the following criteria : Set up the population and sampling for this study, prepare questionnaires, train the enumerators and collect and interview the data in the field. After complete the field work all data were collected, analysed and the finding should lead to recommendation of the study. Detail of the study process are as follow: (1) Population and sampling procedure Sampling frame was set up after the socio-economic data of the village. Target villages were selected after the physical character which located nearby the plant and expected to gain impact from various sources during the construction and implementation of this project. The target villages are Ban Pakasai, Ban Thung Sakhon, Ban Huai Sok, Ban Ko Phot and Ban Khlong Wai Lek in Tambon Khlong Khanan and Tambon Pakasai. In selection of samples, 22.3 percent of population in each village were randomly picked which equivalent to 90 samples (Table 3.18-1). (2) Questionnaire Questionnaire structure composes of 4 major part (Appendix E and F) as follows: (a) General characteristic e.g. sex, age, education, occupation and religion. (b) Basic socio-economic data of the household: - Family structure, size, labor force in house and dependent condition. - Migration and settlement e.g. origin domicile, cause of migration, length of time living in the area. - Economic data e.g. major and minor occupation, income and expenditure, land holding, debt and saving. ENVIO18,HD/MAIN-EISEC314 FR 3-203 TABLE 3.18-1 NUMBER OF POPULATION AND HOUSEHOLD SAMPLES KRABI THERMAL POWER PLANT,KING AMPHOE NUA KHLONG, CHANGWAT KRABI, 1996 Tambon Ban Moo Population Number of. Sample Mate Female Total Households Number % Khlong Khanan Huai Sok 2 295 212 - 507 97 25 25.77 Ko Phot* 3 . - 50 10 20.00 Khlong Wai Lek 6 223 224 447 92 19 20.65 Pakasai Pakasai 1 109 125 234 45 1 1 24.44 Thung Sakhon 4 308 326 634 120 25 20.83 Total 935 887 1.822 404 90 22.28 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I. ,_ I ,_ I _ __ _ Remark * Ban Ko Phot is located in part of Ban Khlong Mark's area (Moo 3) . At present, there are about 50 households of Ban Ko Phot which seperated from 155 household of Moo 3 (from interviewed Mr.Laeman Sunhad, village headman of Ban Ko Phot) Source Kor Chor Chor 2 Kor. 1994 ENVI01 8/96145,T318-I- .XLS 204 (c) Quality of life - Physical condition e.g. available basic nfrasradcICre such as health service, communication net work, water for household. - Satisfication in environment, quality of life and living in present time. (d) Awareness, attitude toward the project - Positive and negative impact, from the past to present, of the project and proposed measurement to reduce or solve the problems. - Recommendation of desire proposal to solve undesirable consequence and to subsidize the community. (3) The field survey The pretest of the questionnaire was conducted during 16-17 January 1996 after -uhat revisions have bee.n do.ne. Th%I_e field sulrvey, int-erview, began during 20-21 January 1996 (Photo 3.18-1), after the training of enumerators. (4) Data organization and analysis After editing, the field data were organised for tabulation and analysis by employing SPSS (Statistic Package for Social Science) during 23-31 January 1996. 3.18.3 Results of the Study 3.18.3.1 Result of the Literature Review (1) Village History Krabi, located on west coast of Thailand, was originated in 1872 Krabi was evidenced for her glory and long existence through the life style of ancient city e.g. the stone of tool, jar, painting picture, which indicated the pre-historic age, on the cave wall. Around Amphoe Khlong Thom (Kuan Luk Pud) and Jawaprab Mountain indicated the ancient community. Archaeologists who studied the area indicated that many Khlongs in Krabi were utilized as the route from east to west and 3-205 EN% 1OI HD.MAIN-ESEC314 FR -'- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~110,'r*;l Photo 3.18-1 Socio-economic Survey around Ban Thung Sakhon 3-206 be the major resettlement area until now. Ban Pakasai was the ancient city located in first echelon from the sea. The name of Pakasai show the ancient function which can be written various way e.g. Pkasai, Pakasay and Kasai which means: (a) City of sward (b) Sai mean the resettlement area The area is rich of natural resources forest wild animal especially elephant. Elephant was exported through the route from Khlong Thom, Khlong Pakasai through Changwat Trang. This route was called "Elephant trade route". Because this trade was glory the area Pakasai was migrated and fully clouded and later transfer to be Changwat Krabi in 2872 in the reign of King Chulalongkorn. Khlong Khanan also had the same line of history. (2) Community and Settlement The change in physical and function of Khlongs lead to the change in pattern of living and settlement. The village in present time settle down along the main road instead of Khiong. The other nearby theiu rubber pla.t. 3.18.3.2 Result of the Study Obtained from Field Survey This part can be divided into 2 categories. The first is the key informant interview and then interview the household head in target village was conducted. In doing so the other sources were also interviewed e.g. Local Government Officer, Tambon and village headman and the key person of the villages. The followings are the result of the study: (1) Population and Characteristic (a) Village size in this area compose of the household, which have 234-634 members. In each village there are average 45-120 households (see Table 3. 18-1). (b) The population in 5 villages are 1822 or 404 families. Most are buddhism and islam. In Khlong Wai Lek village and Ko Phot village all of the population are islam (see Table 3.18-1 and 3.18-2). (c) Average age of population are as follow: majority are between 31-40 your old. 47-50 equal as 21-30 respectively. 3-207 ENVi1OIS HD.'MAIN-E:SEC3I4 FR TABLE 3.18-2 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS KRABI THERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT, CHANGWAT KRABI, 1996 Items H~~~~~~~~~luMl Sok Ko Phot Kttlong Wal Loelt Pakasui Thuisg Sakhon Total Number 5 Number % Number % Number % Numaber, % Number '% Respondents 25 100.00 10 100.00 19 100.00 11 100.00 25 100.00 90 100.' I.Sex - Mile IS 60.00 tO 100.00 12 63.16 3 72.73 19 76.00 64 Ii - Feimmale tO 40.00 0 0.00 7 36.14 3 27.27 6 24.00 26 211 2. Age (yedrs) - 20 imnd lower 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 11.00 2 2 * 21-30 4 16.00 t 10.00 7 36194 2 I8.tS 5 20.00 19 21 * 31.40 8 32.00 6 60.00 6 31.58 2 18.111 4 16.00 26 211 - 41 SO 6 24.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 4 36.36 tO 40.00 20 22 - 51.60 2 8.00 2 20.00 5 26.32 2 111.18 2 8.00 13 14 Hlighier than 60 5 20.00 1 10.00) 1 5.26 I 9.09 2 8.00 tO It Age averiage (yeimrs) 45.08 42-20 311.05 43.36 40.60 1 41112 3. 11ous~cli)ld Siutus ieud of houuethold is 60.00 t0 100.00 12 63.16 8 72.73 IS 60.OD 60 6( - Sponse 9 36.00 0 0.00 7 36.84 2 18.18 5 20.00 23 25 * Soin/Daughtcr 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 I 9.09 3 12.00 44 * Sujii/DiiugimIcr ill tuw 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 81.010 2 11ct,tives 1 4.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 I I IFNV 10MK/69145S/T3111-2. L XLS Items Huai Sok Ka Phot Khl."g Wal Lek Parasal 'hung Sakhon Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Numiber Respondents 25 100.00 10 100.00 10 100.00 11 100.00 25 100.00 90 100.00 4. Occupation * Governiecnt Official 2 8.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 I 9.09 I 4.00 4 4.44 Mecichant 2 8.00 0 0.00 I 5.26 1 9.09 I 4.00 5 5.56 G ecneal Wage LaboUr 7 28.00 5 50.00 7 36.U4 t 9.09 22 88.00 42 46.67 - Agriculture II 44.00 5 50.00 7 36.84 8 72.73 0 0.00 31 34.44 Fishcr 2 8.00 0 0.00 2 10.53 0 0.00 0 0.00 .4 4.44 No occupation (old age. housewife student) I 4.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 8.00 3 3.33 5. Education. No schooling 0 0.00 0 0.00 4 21.05 I 9.09 I 4.00 6 6.61 Primary school (P.l-P.6) 17 68.00 10 100.00 14 73.68 5 45.45 21 84.00 67 74.44 Secondary school (M.I-M.3) 2 8.00 0 0.0Q I 5.26 1 9.09 I 4.00 5 5.5i tligih school or eu,uivalant 3 12.W 0 0.00 0 0.00 3 27.27 0 0.00 6 6.61 - University certificate 2 8.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 9.09 0 0.00 3 3.33 Biacilclor Degree I 4.00 0 0.01 0 0.W 0 0.00 1 4.00 2 2.22 Studenit 0 0.00 0 0.0) 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 4.00 I 1.11 6. Rcligiou - Buddliun) 17 68.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 I I 100.00 22 88.00 50 55.5f IS1.1111 8 32.00 10 100.03 19 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 37 41.11 Clisltiulity 0 0.00 0 0.03 0 0.00 0 0.00 3 12.00 3 3.32 ENV lt)I8/69145ff318-2-l.XLS (d) In the area study there are 3 school, 3 Mosque (holy church) 1 Temple and 1 shrine Almost all of the population educated at primary level. In each family, the work member less than those who have no occupation. Each family has average 2.2 person who have occupation (see detail Table 3.18-3). '21' Opcvupationan 1-iui iume Due to geographic factor, most of the population are in agriculture sector, the rest are in self employed sector. Half of the sample have supplementary occupation of which factory workers, construction workers, driver respectively (see Table 3.18-4). The main agricultural product are; Rubber, Palm oil, livestock which did not aim at trade but for only household consumption. Fishery are also available nearby the sea such as prawn farm. In Tambon Pakasai, there are some of the agro-industry companies which operate in the food processing and exporting such as The Sea Horse Public Co., Ltd., South Sea Industry Co., Ltd., Freezing Prawn Co., Ltd. These factories create a target number of works to the villagers. Furthermore there are some Palm oil industry company and ice processing factories in the project vicinities. It is important to note that employment in the lignite power plant are also important the villagers. After the close down of this power plant, some workers were transferred to other location, the other resign to do supplementary work in agro sector. Average income of the population is 8,900 baht per month and it is higher than the average expenditure, 5,800 baht per month. Most of them feel that this income is only sufficient but hardly had the saving. Average saving is at 36,000 baht per year while the debt is at 70,000 baht per year (detail in Table 3.18-4). Source of debt are the money from finance institution, cooperative or from the person (Table 3.18-4). Samples were asked to identified occupational problems upto present. The majority state no serious occupational problem while the minority state that; low commodity prices lack of water for farm equal to the lock of work market respectively (Table 3.18-4). 3-210 E&NVLOI.HD'MALN-E-'SEC314 FR RESPONDENTS' FAMILY STURCTURE KRABI THERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT, CHANGWAT KRABI, 1996 Items Huai Sok Ko Phot Khlong Wai Lek Pakasai Thung Sakhon lTotal Number % Number % Number % Number _ Number % Number Respondents 25 100.00 10 100.00 19 100.00 11 100.00 25 100.00 90 100.00 1. Population (person) - Male 64 51.20 23 38.98 44 45.83 26 44.23 67 47.86 224 46.82 - Female 61 48.80 36 61.02 52 5417 67 55.77 73 52.14 289 53.18 - Total 125 100.00 59 100.00 96 100.00 93 100.00 140 I00.00 513 100.W0 Average family size - Male 2.56 2.30 2.32 2.16 2.68 2.46 - Female 2.44 2.40 2.73 2.57 2.72 2.59 w - Total 5.00 4.70 5.05 4.73 5.40 5.0S 2. Employment/Unemployment (person) - Employment 52 41.60 20 33.90 29 30.21 48 46.15 79 56.43 228 47.03 - Unemployment 73 58.40 39 66.10 67 69.79 45 53.85 61 43.57 285 52.97 - Total 125 100.00 59 100.00 96 100.00 93 10.00 140 IW00. 513 iW0.W0 Average (person/l1-i) - Employment 2.08 1.90 1.49 2.21 3.06 2.22 - Unemployment 2.92 2.80 3.56 2.52 2.34 2.83 Dependency Ratio 1.40 1.47 2.39 1.14 0.76 1.27 VIm .I_I _ _ T'ABLE 3.18-4 HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND EXPENSE KRABI THERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT, CHANGWAT KRABI, 1996 Ilerns Huai Sok Ko Phot Khlong Wai Lek Pakasai Thung Sakhon 'I'otal Number % Number % Number * Number _ Nuber Number Respondents 25 100.00 10 100.00 19 100.00 11 100.00 25 100.00 go 100.0( 1. Main Occupation - Government official 5 20.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 18.18 0 0.00 7 7.7 - Merchant I 4.00 0 0.00 I 5.26 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 2.2 - General Wase labour 3 12.00 4 40.00 6 31.58 0 0.00 I 4.00 14 15.5 - Private employee 1 4.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 i 9.09 0 0.00 2 2.2 - Agriculture 14 56.00 6 60.00 9 47.37 8 72.73 24 96.00 61 67.7 - Fishery I 4.00 0 0.00 3 15.79 0 0.00 0 0.0U 4 4.4 w 2. Supplementary Occupation (multiple answers) -. - No supplementary occupation 10 40.00 6 60.00 10 52.63 3 27.27 17 68.00 46 51.1 - Government official 3 12.00 0 0.00 2 10.53 2 18.18 2 8.00 9 10.0 - Merchant 3 12.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 9.09 3 12.00 7 7.7 - General Wase labour 7 28.00 1 10.00 1 5.26 3 27.27 4 16.00 16 17.7 - Industrial wase labour 1 4.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 I 1.1 - Agriculture 6 24.00 3 30.00 5 26.32 2 18.18 I 4.00 17 1I.X - Shrimp farm 0 0.00 I 10.00 1 5.26 I 9.09 0 0.00 3 3.3 - Shrimp paste 0 0.00 0 0.00 l 5.26 0 0.00 0 0.00 I 1.1 - Business owner 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 9.09 0 0.00 I I.I 3. Average Income (baht/month) 10,665.60 5,700.00 2,771.05 9,000.00 13,20(1.00 _ 8,947.67 4. Average Expense (baht/month) 6,676.00 3,130.00 2,426.32 5,50000 78,74400 5_,4 133 I AISLIS 3S.li-4 (Uo(lt'd4) Items Huai Sok Ko Phot Khlong Wai Lek Pakasai 'I'hung Sakhon l'otal Number % Number % Number % Nu mber % Number Number % Respondents 25 100.00 10 100.00 19 100.00 11 100.00 25 100.00 90 100.00 5. Household Income Status - Enough and can save S 20.00 3 30.00 2 10.53 6 54.55 12 48.00 28 31.11 - Just enough 16 64.00 6 60.00 14 73.68 4 36.36 13 52.00 53 58.89 - Not enough 4 16.00 1 10.00 3 15.79 I 9.09 0 0.00 9 10.00 5.1 If not enough, how to solve problem (multiple answers) - Borrow from money institutions 4 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 4 44.44 - Borrow from relatives and friends 3 75.00 I 100.00 3 100.00 I 100.00 0 0.00 8 88.89 - Borrow from lenders 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 I 100.00 0 o.ao I 11.11 - Borrow from local fund I 25.00 0 000 0 0.00 I 100.00 0 0.0Q 2 22.22 Average of dept (baht) * 125,375 2,000 7,333.33 10,000 0 70,466.67 wj 5.2 Average of saving (baht) * 36,500 50,250 500.00 30,900 41,115.38 36,019.23 6. Occupation Problem - No 18 72.00 7 70.00 12 63.16 9 81.82 21 84.00 67 74.44 - Yes 7 28.00 3 30.00 7 36.84 2 18.18 4 16.00 23 25.56 If yes, - Decrease income due to no Para rubber 2 28.57 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 o.0 2 8.70 cutting in dry season - Waste water I 14.29 0 0.00 I 14.29 I 50.00 0 0()0 3 13.04 - Lowprice of agricultural products 3 42.86 0 0.00 3 42.86 0 o.00 0 0.00 6 26.09 - Hard to find job I 14.29 1 33.33 I 14.29 0 0.00 0 (.() 3 13.14 - Epidemic deseases in animals 0 0.00 I 33.33 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.18) I 4 35 - Lack of investment fund 0 0.00 1 33.33 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 000) 1 4.35 - Plant deseases 0 0.00 0 0.00 I 14.29 0 0.00 2 50(x) 3 13t04 - Lack of agricultural water 0 0.00 0 0.00 _ 14.29 1 50.00 2 50.0K) 4 17.39 Remark * Averaged from number of deptors and those who have savings FNV IO 8P)6I45fr318-3- I.XI S (3) House and Land Holding It was reported that majority of the household. at very high rate 85%, own small plot of land 0.61 rai per family. For the land which can be utilized for agriculture 76%, them owned these land at 9.97 rai per family (Table 3.18-5). (4) Infrastructures and Services Pond is the major source of water for consumption while the rain is the supplement source of water. During the summer, this rain as well as the pond were insufficient. Groundwater well were not very useful because of the low quality and quantity. During draught period PWA and Amphoe alway supply water to the villagers by trucks (Detail in Table 3.18-6). Electricity are also not adequately supplied because households are located scatterly in their rubber plantation. Needs of the villagers are on infrastructures and services, e.g., water, good road system, comiunication means such as post office, long distance public telephone, land title document. For public health matter, the villagers can visit the local health station and clinic. Only some of them buy the medicine themselves. Public health service is fairly good so that the only minority mentioned the followings e.g., problem, the ineffective services and poor transportation condition (Table 3.18-6). Most of the people manage their waste through burning in dumping area. No water treatment process was employed in the village (Table 3.18-6). (5) Satisfaction in Present Living Conditions Majority of the samples satisfy with living condition only a little does not. The reason that make them satisfy are: community sense of unity, safety in community, good environment and condition of infrastructure respectively. Those reason for dissatisfaction are: bad transportation negative environment impact from industries (Table 3.18-7). Most of the people perceive that their community was changed rapidly due to industrial development. 3-214 ENV1018/HD/MAIN-E/SEC3 14 FR STATUS OF LAND AND HOUSE HOLDING KRABI THERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT, CHANGWAT KRABI, 1996 Items Huai Sok Ko Phot Khlong Wai Lek Pakasai Thung Sakhon Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Nu mber % Respondents 25 100.00 10 100.00 19 100.00 11 100.00 25 100.00 90 100.00 1. Place of Birth - Origin (Bom here) 18 72.00 9 90.00 15 78.95 1 I 100.00 21 84.00 74 82.22 - Other Tambon within province 2 8.00 i 10.00 4 21.05 0 0.00 3 12.00 10 11.11 - Sonthern region 5 20.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 I 4.00 6 6.67 In case of migration 1. I Reason - Follow parents 5 71.43 0 0.00 4 100.00 0 0.00 3 75.00 12 75.00 A - Make a living here 2 28.57 I 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 3 18.75 - Maffied here 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 I 25.00 I 6.25 1.2 Average time of living gere (years) 20.71 10.00 18.00 0.00 23.00 19.94 2. Type of House Holding - Owner 24 96.00 10 100 00 i8 94.74 10 90.91 25 I3W00 87 96.67 - Dwelles I 4.00 0 0.00 5.26 9.09 0 0.00 3 3.33 3. Land Holding 3.1 Residential area 25 100.00 10 100.00 19 100.00 II 100.00 25 101).00 90 100.00 3.1.1 Proprietary right - Owner 24 96.00 10 100.00 17 89.47 10 90.93 24 96.00 85 94.44 - Dwelles I 4.00 0 0.00 2 10.53 1 9.09 i 4.0) 5 5.56 3.1.2 Average (Rai) 0.67 0.97 0.78 1.23 1.35 0.61 ENV tt0I?96145tt31 t8-4-.XIS I AIBLE .18-5 (Cont'd) Items Hual Sok Ko Phot Khlong Wai Lek Pakasai Thung Sakhon Tolltl Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Ntinber % Respondents 25 100.00 10 100.00 19 100.00 11 100.00 25 100.00 90 100.0 3.2 Agricultural area No 5 20.00 I 10.00 5 26.32 i 9.09 0 0.00 12 13.. - Yes 20 80.00 9 90.00 14 73.68 10 90.91 25 100.00 78 86.1 If yes, 3.2.! Proprietary right - Owner 19 95.00 9 100.00 13 92.86 10 100.00 25 100.00 76 97.' - Dwelles 1 5.00 0 0.00 I 7.14 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 2.: 3.2.2 Average (Rai) 18.18 4.66 8.41 25.48 27.25 9.97 3.3 Other landuse purposed area (Shrimp farrn) No 25 100.00 9 90.00 18 94.74 10 90.91 25 100.00 K7 96.t r'.) - Yes 0 0.00 I 10.00 I 5.26 I 9.09 0 000 3 3.: If yes, 3.3.1 Proprietary right - Owner 0 0.00 I 10.00 I 100.00 I 100.00 0 0.00 3 100.( 3.3.2 Average (Rai) 0.00 3.00 3.00 18.00 0.00 8.00 3.4 Vacant area No 19 76.00 9 90.00 16 84.21 8 72.73 14 56.00 66 73.. - Yes 6 24.00 I 10.00 3 15.79 3 27.27 1 1 44.00 24 26.t 3.4.1 Proprietary right - Owner 6 100.00 I 100 00 3 100.00 3 10.00 I I .()()(X 24 100i 3.4.2 Average (Rai) 7.17 3.00 4.67 9.00 15.09 3.62 ENV tt I!R96145IT31t-4-1 .XLS TABLE 3.18-6 INFRASTRUCTURE KRABI THERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT, CHANGWAT KRABI, 1996 Items Huai Sok Ko Phot Khlong Wai Lek Pakasai Thung Sakhon Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Nunmber % Nuimiher _ Respondents 25 100.00 10 100.00 19 100.00 11 100.00 25 100.00 90 100.00 1. Medical Case Unit (multiple answers) - Provincial hospital/Other hospital 20 80.00 7 70.00 6 31.58 1 100.00 18 72.00 62 68.89 - Private clinic 12 48.00 3 30.00 1 5.26 4 36.36 14 56.00 34 37.78 - Buy medicine 5 20.00 4 40.00 2 10.53 3 27.27 0 0.00 14 15.56 - Public health station 9 36.00 7 70.00 16 84.21 3 27.27 8 . 32.00 43 47.78 Average distance between residential area and hospital 23.15 30.71 35.83 49.82 24.72 30.42 w) Average distance between residential area and clinic 11.83 11.33 16.00 7.50 11.79 11.38 2. Medical Case Problem No 16 64.00 8 80.00 12 63.16 II 100.00 23 92.00 70 77.78 - Yes 8 32.00 . 2 20.00 7 36.84 0 0.00 2 8.(0) 19 21,11 If yes, - delay service 8 100.00 2 100.00 5 71.43 0 0.00 I 5().00 16 84.21 - Far from residential area/inconvenient 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 28.57 0 0.00 I 50.00 3 15.79 transportation 3. Source of drinking water (multiple answers) - Rain water 6 24.00 3 30.00 4 21.05 2 18.18 10 40.10) 25 27.78 - Shallow well 22 88.00 9 90.00 18 94.74 ll 10000 22 88.(00 82 91.11 - Bought water 2 8.00 0 0.Oc 0 0.00 0 0.00 I 4.00 3 W .33 ENV10118196145/1318-5-L.XtS TABLE 3.18-6 (Cont'd) Items Huai Sok Ko Phot Khlong Wai Lek Pakasai Thung Sakhon To|al Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Respondents 25 100.00 10 100.00 19 100.00 11 100.00 26 100.00 90 10O.C Problem of Drinking Water No 5 20.00 I 10.00 7 36.84 5 45.45 I t 44.00 29 32. - Shortage in dry season 20 80.00 9 90.00 12 63.16 2 18.18 9 36.00 52 57. - Brackish water 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 18.18 2 8.00 4 4. - Turbid/Not cleaned 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 18.18 3 12.00 5 5. 4. Source of Domestic Use Water (multiple answers) - Khlong I 4.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 18.18 0 0.00 3 3. - Shallow well 23 92.00 10 100.00 19 100.00 I I 100.00 25 100.00 8X 97. - Water from Krabi Power Plant 3 12.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 3 3. Problems of Domestic Use Water - No 8 32.00 I 10.00 7 36.84 6 54.55 13 52AI) 35 38. - Shortage in dry season 17 68.00 9 90.00 12 63.16 I 9.09 8 32J0) 47 52. - Brackish water 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 3 27.27 1 4.0() 4 4. - Turbid/Not cleaned 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 9.09 3 12.0) 4 4. 5. Solid Waste Management - Burning 22 88.00 8 80.00 19 100.00 10 90.91 20 80(0) 79 87 - Burying - 3 12.00 2 20.00 0 0.00 1 9.09 5 20.00 II 12 FNV1O1t)l1614SClr31-5.1 XlS TABLE 3.18-6 (Cont'd) Items Huai Sok Ko Phot Khlong Wai Lek Pakasai Thung Sakhon Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % . Nuitiher % Respondents 25 100.00 10 100.00 19 100.00 11 100.00 25 100.00 90 100.00 6. Toilet - No 0 0.00 0 0.00 8 42.11 0 0.00 l 4.00 9 10.00 - Yes 25 100.00 10 100.00 I i 57.89 l l 100.00 24 96.00 81 90.00 7. Waste Water Management - Draining to residential area 17 68.00 8 80.00 18 94.74 7 63.64 15 60.00 65 72.22 - Oridation pond 6 24.00 2 20.00 0 0.00 2 18.18 8 32.00 18 20.00 - Draining to agricultural area 2 8.00 0 0.00 l 5.26 2 18.18 2 8.00 7 7.78 )- ENVIO18/961451'318-5-t.XLS TABLE 3.18-7 ATTITUDE AND OPINION OF LIFE CONDIITION KRABI THERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT, CHANGWAT KRABI, 1996 Items Huai Sok Ko Phot Khlong Wai Lek Pakasai Thung Sakhon Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Respondents 25 100.00 10 100.00 10 100.00 11 100.00 25 100.00 90 100.00 Satifaction of Life Condition - Satisfy 22 88.00 9 90.00 19 100.00 9 81.82 21 84.00 80 88.SS - Dissatisfy . 3 12.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 18.18 3 12.00 8 8.8S - No Comment 0 0.00 1 10.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 I 4.00 2 2.2, 1.1 Reasons of Satisfaction (multiple answers) - Have job opportunities I 4.55 5 55.56 3 15.19 3 33.33 4 19.05 16 20.0( - Good environment 12 54.55 6 66.67 10 52.63 7 77.78 14 66.67 49 61.2' - Convenient transportation/Good public facilities I1 50.00 4 44.44 5 26.32 5 55.56 10 47.62 35 43.7' - Calm and safety 15 68.18 6 66.67 8 42.11 6 66.67 13 61.90 48 60.0 - Good neighbour 19 86.36 7 77.78 12 63.16 7 77.78 13 61.90 58 72.5' 1.2 Reasons of Unsatisfaction (multiple answers) - Rare job opportunities 1 33.33 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 12.5 - Bad environment because of dust and too much 3 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 i 33.33 4 50.0 industries - Bad neighbour 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 60667 2 25.1J - No safety 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 I 50.00 0 (0 O 12.5 - Inconvenient transportation/Poor public facilities 1 33.33 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 I00.00 I1 33.33 4 5(.( TABLE 3.18-7 (Cont'd) Items Huai Sok Ko Phot Khlong Wai Lek Pakasai Thuing Sakhon lIotal Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Respondetits 25 100.00 10 100.00 19 100.00 11 100.00 25 100.00 90 100.00 2. Change of Community Environment - Low 8 32.00 I 10.00 7 36.84 4 36.36 5 20.00 25 27.78 - Moderate 8 32.00 2 20.00 5 26.32 4 36.36 8 32.00 27 30.00 High 9 36.00 7 70.00 7 36.84 3 27.27 12 48.00 38 42.22 2.1 Condition - Growth of town/Convenient transportation 15 60.00 12 120.00 13 6842 8 72.73 14 56.00 62 68.89 - Increasing population 8 32.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 4 16.00 12 13.33 - High expense 2 8.00 3 30.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 3 12.00 8 8.89 I) - Bad environment 0 0.00 0 0.00 6 31.58 0 0.00 4 16.00 10 11.11 - Good economic 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 3 27.27 0 0.00 3 3.33 2.2 Cause - Help/Support from the government officials 6 24.00 2 20.00 2 10.53 2 18.18 5 20.00 17 18.89 - Change due to time 19 76.00 8 80.0) 12 63.16 9 81.82 20 80.00 68 75.56 - Shrimp farm 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 10.53 0 0.00 0 0.0( 2 2.22 - Increasing of Industries 0 0.00 0 0.00 3 15.79 0 0.00 0 0.00 3 3.33 ENVI01R/96145f[318-6- .XLS TABLE 3.18-7 (Cont'd) Items Huai Sok Ko Phot Khlong Wal lek Pakasai Thung Sakhon Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Respondents 25 100.00 10 100.00 19 100.00 11 100.00 25 100.00 90 100.00 3. Pollution Problems 3.1 Dust No 5 20.00 0 0.00 7 36.84 2 18.18 4 16.00 18 20.0C Yes 20 80.00 10 100.00 12 63.16 9 81.82 2 1 84.00 72 80.0C If yes, 3.1.1 Cause - Vehicle 20 100.00 10 100.00 12 100.00 9 100.00 21 1i0.W0 72 10o.OC 3.1.2 Time - daytime 20 100.00 10 100.00 12 100.00 9 100.00 21 100.00 72 IOo.(X I4, 3.1.3 Level Low 0 0.00 0 0.00 i 8.33 3 33.33 0 0.W0 4 5.5t - Moderate 9 45.00 i 10.00 7 58.33 i 11.11 7 33.33 25 34.7, - High ii 55.00 9 90.00 4 33.33 5 55.56 14 66.67 43 59.72 TABLE 3.18-7 (Cont'd) Items Huai Sok Ko Phot Khlong Wai Lek Pakasai Thitng Sakhon Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Nmniber % Respondents 25 100.00 10 100.00 19 100.00 11 100.00 25 100.00 90 100.00 3.2 Noise No 13 52.00 3 30.00 14 73.68 7 63.64 16 64.0() 53 5. no) - Yes 12 48.00 7 70.00 5 26.32 4 36.36 9 36.(K) 37 41.11 If yes. 3.2.1 Cause - Vehicle 12 100.00 7 1(0.00 5 100.00 4 100.00 9 1 00N(1) 37 IWtNHON 3.2.2 Time - All (he timie 3 25.00 2 28.57 3 60.00 1 25.00 2 . 22.22 l i 29 73 - Day timile 9 75.00 5 71.43 2 40.00 3 75.00 7 77.78 26 70.27 3.2.3 Lcvel - Low 2 16.67 0 0.00 1 20.00 2 50.00 2 22.22 7 1X.92 - Moderate 6 50.00 2 28.57 2 40.00 0 0.00 6 66.67 16 43.24 - High 4 33.33 5 71.43 2 4000 2 50.00 I 11.11 14 37.84 ENVIll8/9)6145ff318-6-I.XLS TABLE 3.18-7 (Cont'd) Items Huai Sok Ko Phot Khlong Wai l.ek Pakasai lhung Sakhon lotal Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Respondents 25 100.00 10 100.00 19 100.00 11 100.00 25 100.00 90 100.00 3.3 Disturbed Odor No 21 84.00 7 70.00 14 73.68 6 54.55 21 84(00 69 76.61 Yes 4 16.00 3 30.00 5 26.32 5 45.45 4 16.tK) 2 1 23.31 If yes 3.3.1 Cause - Night soil from animals 2 50.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 40.00 0 0.00 4 19.0' - Vihicle 1 25.00 2 66.67 1 20.00 0 0.00 I 25.0t) 5 21.81 - Industries I 25.00 1 33.33 2 40.00 2 40.W0 3 75(X0 9 42.X( - Waste water 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 40.00 I 20 00 0 0(X) 3 14.2S t', 3.3.2 Tinmt - All the time 2 50.00 2 66.67 I 20.00 2 40.00 I 25(X) X 3. IC - Wind blow 2 50.00 I 33.33 4 80.00 3 60.00 3 75.00 3 3 61.9(. 3.3.3 Level - Low 2 50.00 0 0.00 3 60.00 2 40.0) 0 0I0) 7 13.11 - Moderate 2 50.00 3 100.00 1 20.00 3 60.00 2 50(.X) I I 52.3t - High 0 0.00 0 0.00 _ 20.00 0 000 2 50 (3) 3 .1 2~ ENV1I18196145ff3186- .X1LS TABLE 3.18-7 (Cont'd) Itenis Huai Sok Ko Phot Khlong Wai Lek Pakasai 'IThung Sakihon Tlal Number % Number % Number % Numnber % Numilher % Nuinher % Respondents 25 100.00 10 100.00 19 100.00 1i 100.00 25 100.00 90 100.00 3.4 Soot/Smode . No 22 88.00 5 50.00 14 73.68 10 90.91 17 68.00 68 75.56 Yes 3 12.00 5 50.00 5 26.32 i 9.09 8 32.0(1 22 24.44 If Yes, 3.4.1 Cause - Vehicle 3 100.00 5 100.00 5 100.00 I 100.00 8 1000() 22 100.W0 3.4.2 Time - All the time 3 100.00 5 100.00 5 100.00 I 100.00 8 l(x)0.( 22 100.(0 w 3.4.3 Level - r', - Low 2 66.67 0 0.00 2 40.00 l 100.00 0 0.)0 5 22.73 ru. - Moderate 1 33.33 2 40.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 7 87.5(0 I 0 45.45 fHigh 0 000 3 6000 3 6000 0 0.00 7 87.50 I: I 59.09) ENVIOI8/96145/T318-6-I.XLS TABLE 3.18-7 (Cont'd) Items Huai Sok Ko Phot Khlong Wai Lek Pakasai 'I'hung Sakhon Twal Number % Niuiber % Number % Number % Number % Number % Respondents 25 100.00 10 100.00 19 100.00 11 100.00 25 100.00 90 100.0( 4. Relocation - No 23 92.00 10 100.00 18 94.74 I i 100.0( 24 96.00 86 95.5 - Yes, not sure 2 8.00 0 0.00 i 5.26 0 0.00 I 4.(K0 4 4.4 - Yes, definite 0 0.00 0 0.0( 0 0.00 0 OM 0 0.0 0.0 4.1 Reason of no relocation - Born here/Stay here for a long time 23 100.00 10 100.00 18 IOC.00 I I 100.00 24 100.0(1 86 110.0 4.2 Reason of relocation 4.2.1 Cause LO - Find another civilized place 2 100.00 0 0.00 I 100.00 0 0.00 I 10.0 4 100.0 4.2.2 Find another resident K) CY - No decision 2 100.00 0 0.00 I 1OO.00 0 0.00 I 100j(K) 4 130.0 ENV 10 18r)6145tr3 t8-6- I AXS (6) Awareness and Attitude towards the Project Majority of the samples perceive the formulation on the new power plant project. Most of them was informed by various channel e.g. from neighbours, the power plant authorities and local government respectively. Mostly did not have any detail of the project. Most of the villagers are willing and need to have the new power plant because the mutual interest that the villagers gain from the power plant e.g. supplement job, income, benefit and so on. The key informant informed that the good relationship was established between the EGAT and the villagers. Therefore, the positive attitude was reflected from this survey. During the operation period of the previous power plant, some impact were recorded on the communities e.g. Smoke and dust during windy period, oil grease in Khlong Pakasai which can be seen on the water surface and trees. These impacts occured only in short period. Majority of the villagers still feel positive about the project e.g. higher income, job opportunity, progress of community electricity and so on. lhe negative impact among minolrit-y group are the environmental mpart (see Table 3.18-8). Among impact from various sources, e.g., dust, noise, smoke and odour, the villagers mentioned that the most serious source are dust, noise, smoke and smell respectively (Table 3.18-8). The villagers desired that the power plant authority should take good care of the environment and the community and transfer the villagers back to the previous position in the plant. Furthermore, EGAT should participate in community activities. From the attitude survey, it was found that 76% of interviewed people requested the power plant to be operated as the previous condition since EGAT has many assistance to the communities nearby including being the source of income and job. Thus, the operation of project will induce the job hiring and community development. Only 1 % of people disagreed and 23 % has no comments. However, EGAT will continue to follow the relation plan inorder to give the knowledge to the people staying nearby. ENV10ISIHD/MAIN-EISECI4 FR 3-227 TABLE 3.18-8 INFORMATION PERCEP'ION INSTITUDE AND OPINION KRABI THERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT, CHANGWAT KRABI, 1996 Items Huai Sok Ko Phot Khtong Wai Lek Pakvisai 'I huig Sakhsn TlOtIl Number % Number % Number % Number Number Numimber Respondents 25 100.00 10 100.00 19 100.00 11 100.00 25 100.00 90 100.1 1 Place of living during construction the old Linited power plant - Other place 7 28.00 3 30.00 7 36.84 0 0.00 4 16.00 21 23 - Same place/around here 18 72.00 7 70.00 12 63.16 l I 100.00 21 8400 69 76 2. In case of living here, impact from the last project 18 100.00 7 100.00 12 100.00 f I 10000 21 M000 69 1(1I - No 10 55.56 4 57.14 8 66.67 7 63.64 12 57.14 4 1 59 - Yes 8 44.44 3 42.86 4 33.33 4 36.36 9 42.86 28 40. W-~' If yes, (multiple answers) G- rowth economic/More job opportunities 6 75.00 l 33.33 l 25.00 l 25 00 5 55.56 14 50. - Higher cost of living 2 25.00 i 33.33 0 0.00 2 5000 3 33.33 8 28. - Social problem e.g., naocotic, gambling l 12.50 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 000 3 33.14 4 14 - Worse environment,e.g., smell, noise, dust and 4 50.00 l 33.33 2 50.00 2 5000 4 44.44 13 46. smoke More Convenient transportation 5 62.50 2 66.67 3 75.00 2 50.00 6 66.67 1I 64. 3. Information about the new Thermal power plant - No 9 36.00 1 10.00 6 31.58 3 27.27 11 44 (X) 31) 33. - Yes 16 64.00 9 90.00 13 68.42 8 72.73 14 56 0() 60 66. If yes, main source of information - Neighbour 12 75.00 6 66.67 10 76.92 6 75.00 I 92.86 47 78 - ECAT officers 2 12.50 2 22.22 l 7.69 l 12.50 t 7.14 7 11 - Local officers 2 12.50 _ 11.11 2 15.38 _ 12.50 _ 714 7 I_ ENV 101/96145/fAB31S-7.XLS TABLE 3.18-8 (Cont'd) Items Huai Sok Ko Phot Khlong Wai l.ek Pakasai Thung Stkikltn Tolal Number % Number % Number % Nuumber % Nu mber % Number Respondents 25 100.00 10 100.00 19 100.00 11 100.00 25 100.00 90 100.00 4. Impact toward Family (moultiple answers) 4.1 Position - No 4 16.00 4 40.00 12 63.16 I 9.09 8 32.00 29 32.22 - Yes 21 84.00 6 60.00 7 36.84 10 90.91 17 68.00 61 67.78 If yes. - More income/job opportunities 21 100.00 6 100I. 4 57.14 7 70.00 13 76.47 Sl 83.61 - Throughout electricity I 4.76 0 0.00 3 42.86 3 30.00 4 23.53 iI 18.03 - More convenient transportation 1 4.76 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 11.76 3 4.92 4.2 Negative N)o 23 92.00 8 80.00 17 89.47 II 100.00 18 72.00 77 8556 - Yes * 2 8.00 2 20.00 2 10.53 0 0.(0 7 28.0) 13 14.44 6) If yes, - Worse enviFonment 2 100.00 2 100.00 2 100.00 0 0.00 7 100.00 13 I IH).I 5. Impact toward Community (multiple answers) 5.1 Positive - No i 4.00 3 30.00 7 36.84 0 0.00 5 20.1HI 16 17.78 - Yes 24 96.00 7 70.0) 12 63.16 I 1(00.00 20 8I0N0 74 82.22 If yes, - More income/job opportunities 15 62.50 4 57.T14 6 50.00 4 36.36 14 70 (X1 43 58 11 - Growth community 12 50.00 4 57.14 2 16.67 4 36.36 .5 2StH) 27 616 4 - Throughout electricity 0.00 0 0.00 3 25.00 3 27.27 2 ItJ tN 8 It8 1 - More convenient transportation 0.00 I 14.29 0 0.00 I 9.09 i 5.110 1 *1O ENVIO18)961451TA13318-7.XLS TABLE 3.18-8 (Cont'd) Items Huai Sok Ko Phot Khlong Wai Lek Pakasai rhting Sakhou tuoal Number % Number % Number % Number % Nuitiber % Number % Respondents 25 100.00 10 100.00 19 100.00 11 100.00 25 100.00 90 100.' 5.2 Negative - No 22 88.00 7 70.00 17 89.47 It 100.00 19 76.0(K 76 84 - Yes 3 12.00 3 30.00 2 10.53 0 0.00 6 24.1KI (4 15 If yes, - Worse environment 2 66.67 3 100.00 2 100.00 0 0.00 6 1 M)(1 1 3 92 - Accident during construction/operation period I 33.33 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.(X)( 7 6. Worried about the project - Not at all 22 88.00 8 80.00 13 68.42 I I 100.00 18 72 (10 72 81) - Worse environment 3 12.00 2 20.00 3 15.79 0 0.00 6 24 0( 14 IS C - Expropriation 0 0.00 0 0.00 3 15.79 0 0.00 I 4.(X) 4 4 7. Environment impact expected to the project (multiple answers) - No impact 19 76.00 4 40.00 IS 78.95 9 81.82 IS 6(l.t() 62 68 - Dust 6 24.00 6 60.00 4 21.05 0 0 00 8 32 (X) 24 2r - Noise 5 20.00 2 20.00 3 15.79 2 18. 18 It) 41) 1() 22 2.1 - Smell 3 12.00 3 30.00 0 0.00 i 9.(0 lt) 400) 1)7 1Y - Snioke 4 16.00 4 40.00 0 0.00 2 O O 18111 1)) 19 2) ENV Yt8tt96t45fAB31t-7.XLS TABLE 3.18-8 (Cont'd) Items Huai Sok Ko Phot Khlong Wai Lek Pakasai T'hung Sakhon lotal Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Numiber % Respondents 25 100.00 10 100.00 19 100.00 11 100.00 25 100.00 90 100.00 8. Opinion toward the project - Agree 23 92.00 7 70.00 l 1 57.89 10 90.91 17 68.00 68 75.56 - Disagree 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 I 4.1K) I 1.11 - No comment 2 8.00 3 30.00 8 42.11 1 9.09 6 24.0() 20 22.22 8.1 Reason of Agreement - Growth community 10 43.48 6 85.71 9 81.82 4 40.00 6 35.29 :15 51.47 - More income/job opportunities 12 52,17 0 0.00 0 0.00 5 50.00 6 35.29 23 33.82 - Throughout electricity i 4.35 i 14.29 2 18.18 1 10.00 2 11.76 7 10.29 - More convenient transportation 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 3 17.65 3 4.41 8.2 Reason of Disagreement w., - Worse environment 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 I MIX.II I 00.1K) L.j 9. Opinion and Suggestion (multiple answers) - Develop community by improving road condition, 10 40.00 2 20.W I 5.26 4 36.36 5 20.0) 22 24.44 supporting community activities - Safety and accident praventive measure I 4.00 1 1000 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 2.22 Quick operation 2 8.00 0 o.oo 0 0.00 0 0.00 I 4 IX) 3 3.33 - Mtigate all impact 0 0.00 4 40.00 2 10.53 2 18.18 3 12.00 I 12 22 Give priority in employment to local peple 0 0.00 0 0.00 I 5.26 2 18.18 6 24.0) 9 1I(0) - Consider more suitable location, away from 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 5.26 0 0.00 i 4 (N) 2 222 community - Distribute electricity to all area 0 0.00 0 0.01) 0 0.00 I 9.09 2 8.INI 3 3.33 - Seriously control waste water drainage system 0 0.00 0 0.0) 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 8.fXI 2 2 22 - No comment 12 48.00 3 30.0 ) 14 73.68 2 18.18 5 20131) 30 41 t(1 ENV 1t)11896145/TAB31I-7.XIS 3.19 PUBLIC HEALTH 3.19.1 Introduction Tne development of Krabi thermal power plant unit 1 and 2 in King Amphoe Nua Khlong using less than 2% sulfur contained fuel to generate 600 MW can affect the existing air quality or even the problems of respiratory system, skin and allergy of the local inhabitants living in the project area. The effect can be due to SO2, NOx, total suspended particulates and exhaust that are produced by the plant. The study and analysis of the relevant illnesses and its mitigation measures, therefore, is necessary. The objectives of this study are as follow; (1) To study the public health situation within 5 km from the project area. (2) To assess the effect on plant workers' and local community's health during construction period. (3) To assess the effect on plant workers' and local community's health during the operation period. (4) To recommend mitigation and environmental monitoring measures for both construction and operation period. 3.19.2 Study Methodology Secondary health data including existing public health situation and illnesses in the project area that could be related to the development of the plant are collected, for example, health facilities and personnel, pattern of morbidity and mortality, vital statistics and relevant illnesses like diseases of the respiratory system, allergy, and eyes. Health data and statistics are analysed as well as local inhabitants living within 5 km around the plant and health center official are interviewed as shown in the map (Figure 3.19-1 and Photo 3.19-1). EGAT safety and health standard was presented in Appendix G. ENVXOIBIHDIMAIN-E/SEC314 PR 3-232 I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~ODNO KWA, TO u , . .atV. . .. 1 / - *Tifll ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~WM 'x DM v^rtim SM t@ f B:^ WnXiT A AR IHA YA l \e S "~~I-- \ 0 2vZs > - 4.i v % AJP OE 5 r)W1rum1j1ll ROQZgA7n I f SAN AN *0 VA XO SI N Y I I J//R , Vl tDI''t -*^. IO.N to-I * U v / / I - - nOt - / \ \KO WCK K"&t | *';- X | } } iU RU "o e ^_ s w 0 0 _--4 ** .-,, . 1I.AI0/S ICAL/ I4 U1/ Un t IIII* jAI IIIII _ III10N0.0 N . CODE: MZ,owc lEmI FIGURE 3.19-1 :STUDIED HEALTH CENTER AND COMMUNITY NEAR PROJECT AREA 3-233 __.~~~~~~ rom s=., jJ Phto3191Th Clecin f uli ealthDt aroun BaPkaa J;faEg't& A~~ -234 3.19.3 Results of the Study 3.19.3.1 Health Resources King Amphoe Nua Khlong was just established in 1994 therefore. the district or community hospital is under construction. Besides, there are 12 health centers and one community health station with 37 health officials, 2 technical nurses and one community health station worker serving in the 8 Tambon of King Amphoe Nua Khlong. When necessary, patients are referred to the 264-bed Krabi provincial general hospital, or a 25-bed private hospital and other 18 private medical clinics located in Krabi town. For Nua Khlong, there are 3 medical clinics, 1 dental clinic and 2 drug stores. The present health center personnel and population ratio is 1: 1,381. In 1995, there were 23 midwives technical nurses and 14 junior health workers constituting the population ratio of 1:1,823 and 1:2,995 respectively. 3.19.3.2 Population and Vital Statistics In 1995 King Amphoe Nua Khlong had 41,934 population; the under 14 years group was 32.7%, 15-59 years 59.7% and 60 years and over 7.6%. There were 43% buddhist and 57% islamic. In 1995 and 1996 the birth rates were 19.87 and 12.03, and death rates were 3.29 and 3.60 per 1,000 population constituting the rates of natural increase 1.6% and 0.84% when the rates of birth, death and natural increase of Changwat Krabi were 19.14, 3.52 and 1.56% respectively. The averages of those rates of Changwat Krabi in the past 5 years (1990-1994) were 20.57, 3.36 and 1.72%. And the averaged infant mortality rate was 4.63 per 1,000 livebirths. For 1995 the rates of birth, death and natural increase of Changwat Krabi were 19.42, 3.54 and 1.59% respectively. 3.19.3.3 Patterns of Morbidity and Mortality King Amphoe Nua Khlong in 1994 and 1995 had the ranking morbidity rates per 100,000 population of diseases of the respiratory system of 1,714.3, 22,787.9, diseases of the digestive system 7,672.4, infectious and parasitic diseases 6,537.4, skin disease 3,726.0, diseases of the endocrine system 1,982.8. In the same period the ranked mortality rates were senility 174.8, 174.0, vehicle accident 40.7, 51.5, fainting 38.3, 46.6, unknown 16.8, 9.8 and heart disease 14.4, 4.9 (Table 3.19- 3-235 ENV1O18/HD/MAIN-E/SEC314 FR 1). The overall pattern of morbidity was similar to that of Changwat Krabi in 1995 but differences were found in the mortality pattern namely heart disease (26.5) diseases of the respiratory system (22.0), homicide and injuries (13.1), cancer (22.3) and transport accident (30.7) (Table 3.19-2). The analysis of patient records attending Ban Khlong Siat health center. Ban Thung Prasan health center, Ban Khlong Khanan health center and Ban Laem Kruat health center in 1995 revealed that the diseases of the respiratory system. diseases of the digestive system, accidents, skin disease and infectious and parasitic diseases were among the top (Table 3.19-3) whereas senility, accidents, homicide, fever, heart disease and cancer were the top mortality. 3.19.3.4 Conununity Health (1) Sanitation In 1995 King Amphoe Nua Khlong had 8,020 households. among them 86.6% had sanitary toilet, 86.4% had safe drinking water for the whole year, and 80.5% had some kind of waste disposal method. In the project area, for example, Tambon Khlong.Khanan had sanitary toilet 96.5% and safe drinking water 54.2% while Tambon Pakasai had 88.1% and 97.2% respectively. (2) Nutrition In early 1996 the nutritional status of the 0-4 year children in King Amphoe Nua Khlong were 95.3% normal, 4.7% first degree malnutrition, and 0.05% second degree malnutrition comparing to 94.0%, 5.8% and 0.2% of Changwat Krabi. The Nua Khlong's nutritional status was better. (3) Mother and Child Health In 1995 the Nua Khlong's infants received BCG 74.0%, DPT 79.6%, polio 79.6% and measles 74.0%. The pregnants received tetanus toxoid 60% and married couples practised family planning method 82.6%. 3.19.3.5 Diseases Relating to the Development of the Power Plant (1) Mortality Pattern In King Amphoe Nua Khlong, the mortality rates per 100,000 population of accident were 40.7, cancer 9.6, and pulmonary disease 7.2 in 1994 and they increased to 51.5, 19.6 and 9.8 respectively in 1995. ENV1018/HD/MAIN-E/SEC314 FR 3-236 TABLE 3.19-1 FIRST TEN MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY RATES PER 100.000 POPULATiON OF KING AMPHOE NUA KHLONG. CHANGWAT KRABI. 1994-1995 Unit: rate per 100.000 population Causes of Morbidity 1994 1995 Causes of Mortalitv 1995 1996 1. Diseases of the respiratory system 17,174.3 22,787.9 1. Senility 174.8 174.0 2. Diseases of the digestive system 7,672.4 9.368.1 2. Accident 40.7 51.5 3. Infectious and parasitic diseases 6,537.4 7.757.3 3. Fainting 38.3 46.6 4. Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous 3,726.0 4,338.4 4. Unknown 16.8 9.8 tissue 5. Heart disease 14.4 4.9 5. Diseases of endocrine, nutrition and 1,982.8 2,377.6 6. Gunshot 14.4 22.1 metabolism 7. Cancer, all form 9.6 19.6 6. Transportation accident and consequences 1.637.9 1.980.5 8. Pulmonary disease 7.2 9.8 7. Diseases of the musculo-skeletal system 1,113.3 2,007.4 9. Diseases of the brain 4.8 NA and connective tissue . 10. Drowning 2.4 4.9 8. Diseases of the genitourinary system 1,053.6 1.225.5 11. High fever NA 12.3 9. Diseases of the eyes and components 876.6 1,328.5 10. Diseases of the nervous system 751.9 850.0 Source: Planning and activities in respons to government health policy for 1995, King Amphoe Nua Khlong, Changwat Krabi. 3-237 ENVIOI8/96 UV/'AB3i9I.XLS TABLE 319-2 FIRST TEN MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY RATES PER 100.000 POPULATION .OF CHANGWAT KRABL 1994-1995 Unit rate per 100.000 populattin I . ~~~~~I I I I Causes of Morbidity 1995 1994 1993 Catses of Mortality 1995 1994 1993 I Diseases of the respiratory system 34.431.0 32.357.0 23.182.0 1. Transportation accident 30.7 32.5 I-." 2 Diseases of the digestive system 31,856.0 11,326.0 7.042.0 2. Heart disease 2n.5 24.5 22.1 3. Infectious and parasitic diseases 8,106.0 6.832.0 6.554.0 3. Cancer. all fotms 22.3 19.4) 18. 4. Diseases of the musculo-skeletal system 7,044.0 4,607.0 3.359.0 4. Diseases of the respiratorv system 22.0 22.7 21.1 5. Diseases of the skin and connective tissue 6,790.0 5,544.0 3.767.0 5. Other accidents 16.4 11.0 15.6 6. Diseases of the circulatory system 5.140.0 3.008.0 2.032.0 6. Homicide and injuries 13.1 21.4 18.9 7. Diseases of the endocrine and nutrition 3,723.0 3,130.0 2,117.0 7. Isfectious and parasitic diseases 10.1 7.0 6.0 8. Transportation accident and consequences 3,499.0 6,563.0 6.436.0 8. Tuberculosis, all form 7.1 8.6 9.8 9. Diseases of the genitourinary system 3,499.0 2,650.0 10.866.0 9. Hypertension and ceroro- 6.8 4.0 5.0 10. Diseases of the nervous system 1,771.0 1.855.0 2,202.0 vascular disease 10 Nephritis 6.8 34 5.4 Source: Document presented development project for provincial medical chief offices seminar for 1996. March, 1996 3-238 eNV I0IV%l WrAW119-'XLS TABLE 3.19-3 FIRST FIVE DISEASES FOUND AMONG PATIENTS ATTEND)ING HEALTH CENTERS IN THE P'ROJECT AREA, 1995 Ban Khlong Slat Health Center Ban Thung Prasan Health Center Ban Khlong Khanan Hlealth Center Ban Laem Krual Hlealth Center 1. Diseases of the respiratory system 1. Diseases of the respiratory system 1. Diseases of the respiratory system 1. Diseases of the respiratory system 2. Diseases of the digestive system 2. Accidents 2. Diseases of the digestive system 2. Diseases of the digestive systei 3. Diseases of the skin 3. Unknown 3. Accidents 3. Infectious and parasitic diseases 4. Infectious and parasitic diseases 4. Skin disease - allergy 4. Skin disease 4. Skin disease 5. Accidents 5. Infectious and parasitic diseases 5. Infectious and parasitic diseases 5. Diseases of the genitourinary system Source: Interview with concerned health center's personnel, March 1996. ENVIO1V61 I(VTAH319-.3.XLS (2) Morbiditv Pattern During the same period (in 1994, 1995) in King Amphoe Nua Khlong, the morbidity rates per 100,000 population of the diseases of the respiratory system were 17,174.3. 22,787.9, diseases of the digestive system 7.672.4. 9.368.1. skin disease and subcutaneous tissue 3,726.0. 4,338.4, transportation accident 1.637.9. 1,980.5 and diseases of the eyes 876.6 and 85.0 which showed the increasing trend. The frequencies of respiratory diseases of Ban Khlong Siat's responsibility area in 1995 were 935 (or 28,645.8 per 100,000 population) and commonly found in June, July, August and September. The frequencies of digestive diseases were 279 (or 8,595.2 per 100,000 population) which found rather evenly throughout the year. The frequencies of the skin and subcutaneous tissue were 170 (or 5,237.2 per 100,000 population) and they were mostly found in June, July and August while the frequencies of eye diseases were 51 (or 1,571.2 per 100,000 population) being frequent in June. For the responsibility area of Ban Thung Prasan health center. the diseases of the respiratory system were more common in September, October and November whereas the problem in Ban Khlong Khanan health center was predominant in August and September and Ban Laem Kruat health center in June, July, August, September and October (Table 3.19-4). Comparing to the morbidity found in Changwat Krabi in 1995 which the frequencies of the respiratory diseases were 115,547 (or 34,432.0 per 100,000 population), diseases of the digestive system 46,500 (138,546.3), skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases 22,758 (6,789.6) and eye diseases 5,553 (1,654.7), it can be concluded that the averages of King Amphoe Nua Khlong were less than the averages of the changwat (Table 3.19-4). The averaged annual parasite incidence rate per 1,000 population (API) of Changwat Krabi for 1992-1994 was 4.46, being higher than the ministry's target (3 per 1,000 population) indicating that malaria still prevails. 3-240 ENV1018/HD/MAIN-E/SEC314 FR TABLE 3.19-4 DISEASES RELATING TO PROJECT DEVELOPMEN-T DETECTED IN HEALTH CENTERS IN THE PROJECT AREA KING AMPHOE NUA KHLONG. 1995 Changwat Krabi Diseases Ban Khlong Siat Ran Thung Prasan Ban Khlong Khanan Ban Laem Kruat Health Center Health Center Health Center Health Center Fre- Rate/ Fre- Rate/ Fre Rate/ Fre- Rate/ quencies 100,000 pop. quencies 100,000 pop. quencies 100,000 pop. quencies 100,000 pop. 1. Diseases of the respiratory system 935 28,645.8 689 31,334.6 529 17,668.7 929 49441.2 2. Diseases of the digestive system 279 8,595.2 225 10,928.4 148 4.943.2 213 11,335.8 3. Diseases of the skin and sub- 170 5,237.2 98 4,738.9 52 1.736.8 82 4.364.0 cutaneous tissue 4. Diseases of the eyes 51 1,571.2 19 918.6 9 300.6 71 3.778.6 Source: Interview with health centers personnel Note: The location of each health center is presented in Figure 3.19-1 3-241 ENV Iig/961i tOrAB3i9S4.XLS 3.19.3.6 Diseases Relating to the Project Development that Obtained bv Interviewing Local Health Center's Personnel and Inhabitants (1) Ban Thung Prasan health center, Tambon Pakasai. is responsible for 4 villages; it is located about 3 km in the northeast of the power plant. It was staffed by 3 health personnel and there were about 300 patients a month. During the operation of the Krabi power plant using lignite as fuel there were exhaust or particulates found in the villages from March to April. There were black insoluble particulates when it rained. Many children and adults were suffering from asthma but not seriously ill. There were patients that allergic to herbicides. No case of tuberculosis or lung cancer was recorded in this area. However, breast cancer and liver cancer due to alcohol consumption were reported. Haemorrhagic fever cases were usually reported. Interviewing people living in Tambon Pakasai which is 3 km to the northeast of the plant disclosed that there were about 10 asthmatic cases presumably caused by dust or smell produced by the plant especially when the stack was being cleansed. The process also caused loud noise for a short duration. Anyhow, people did not think that the illnesses were definitely caused by the operation of the Krabi power plant. Ban Thung Sakhon is 2-3 km away from the plant where there were many elder people suffered from asthmna in the rainy season. During May to November there were visible particulates and exhaust that made houses, clothes and vegetables dirty. School children had allergic dermatitis in the exposed body area that were self subsided. The teachers also informed that villagers who ate snails found near the plant had diarrhoea and no symptoms found if the snails were from other areas. Villagers of Ban Thung Sakhon do not eat raw fish except those from the Northeast who were employed by prawn plantation rubber farm or construction company. (2) Ban Laem Kruat health center of Tambon Khlong Khanan is located about 10 km. to the south of the power plant, serving 4 villages. There were about 350 patients a month. The relevant skin disease was found throughout the year in Ban Khlong Wai Lek particularly in dry season. Few cases of lung disease or asthma were reported but they might not be caused by the plant operation. 3-242 ENV1018/HD/MAIN-E/SEC314 FR Interviewing villagers living in Ban Khlong Wai Lek which is 3 km southward from the plant revealed that most of them are palm farmners and they were suffering from skin diseases and pruritic rashes especially in dry season. No cases of tuberculosis or asthma were mentioned. There were exhaust and loud noises detected in March and April during the plant operation period. Water became scarce and ronten and caused itching when it was used for bathing. (3) Ban Khlong Khanan health center of Tambon Khlong Khanan is responsible for 5 villages, located 3-5 km to the south of the plant. There were 3 health personnel with about 250 patients a month. Common illnesses found were common cold and skin disease which assumably were not caused by the plant operation. No reportedly cases of tuberculosis, lung cancer or malaria but haemorrhagic fever. Interviewing village headman of Ban Huai Sok which is 3 kn to the west of the plant revealed that there was no case of tuberculosis but there were deaths from lung cancer, cervix cancer, mouth cancer. More than 10 children and adults were suffering from asthma when the east wind came with exhaust in the cool season. They were not sure if the illnesses were caused by the plant or the weather. The village was not annoyed by the loud noise but it was suffered by drought during the dry season. Interviewing villagers of Ban Ko Phot which is 5 km to the west of the plant. This village had about 20 asthmatic patients who were above 30 years old. There were cases of malaria, haemorrhagic fever, and encephalitis but no tuberculosis. When the plant was operated there were particulates and exhaust found in the village in January in the dry season. The northeast wind brought the exhaust that made the houses, clothes and vegetables dirty or rotten. But no abnormal symptoms occurred when the vegetable was cleaned and eaten. Loud noise was heard during the stack cleansing process and it caused difficult breathing. Deaths from lung and liver cancer were reported. Again no substantial evidence to elucidate that the illnesses were caused by the plant operation. (4) Ban Khlong Siat health center of Tambon Pakasai is located 6 km to the southeast of the plant, responsible for 5 villages. There were 3 health personnel and about 250 patients a month. Allergic disease found were snuffy and burning nose. No other diseases that were allegedly caused by the plant operation. No malaria but haemorrhagic fever was found. No problem of loud noise or emitted exhaust but rotten ENv1o18/HD/MAIN-EIsEc314 FR 3-24 3 smell and skin diseases were common since there was a seafood factory located in the village. All villages studied are accessible to government health service provided by either Krabi hospital or health centers or even by hospital in Had Yai city. Services obtained from health centers include promotive. preventive and curative cares. Mothers and children received satisfactorily care and the primary health care operation like performance of health volunteers, village primary health care station were accomplished to achieve health for all goal. Up to now the Krabi power plant has not provided any health service to nearby villages or it has not yet conducted any community health relations program. 3.19.3.7 EGAT's Study on Effects of Air Quality on Public Health In 1985 EGAT reported the results of the study on the plant's effect on health and air quality due to its produced emitted particulates, SO2 and NO2 especially the effect on the respiratory system in local communities. Patient records and data from all health centers in the Changwat, Krabi provincial hospital, Khlong Thom community hospital and Krabi power plant's health unit were epidemiologically analysed. It revealed that the percentage of respiratory diseases among patients of Krabi provincial hospital in 1981, 1982 and 1983 were 8.12%, 9.40%, and 56.39% while that of all health centers were 17.14%, 17.11 % and 17.39%, Ban Khlong Khanan health center's were 30.31%, 35.54% and 35.84%, Ban Khlong Siat health center's were 23.57%, 35.15% and 26.60%, Ban Laem Kruat health center's were 14.26%, 16.80% and 9.68% and Ban Thung Prasan health center's were 40.36%, 30.88% and 35.59%. It was evident that the percentage of the respiratory disease of Ban Khlong Khanan health center and Ban Thung Prasan health center were higher than those of other health centers and its averaged percentage was also higher than the average of Krabi provincial hospital and all health centers of the Changwat. Comparing to the patient attending Krabi power plant's medical unit during the year 1981, 1982, 1983 and 1984 having the percentage of 44.62%, 42.89%, 42.51 % and 43.62%, it was found that the percentage of the plant was definitely higher and showed its peak in 1981 when the weather was relatively cool. ENV1018/HD/MA1N-E/SEC314 FR 3-24 Interviewing 163 randomised patients who were over 50 years old from Ban Khlong Thom, Ban Khlong Khanan. Ban Laem Kruat. and Krabi power plant showed 37.4% had no occupation. 27.6% were farmers. and 17% were housewives. Among them 55.2% had no hazardous effect from their occupation and 92.6% received no hazardous agent while 0.6% received from either dust or the plant's emitted smoke as sources. Only 1.2% received dust produced by the plant, 1.8% received the plant's ash 1.2% received from coal. Among the interviewed participants 67.5% did not smoke, 25.8% had cough in the morning and 21.5% in the evening; 23.3% had productive cough; 14.7% showed inefficient lung function after heavy exercise and 9.2% after nornal exercise; 12.3% had history of asthma and 5.4% were 30-50 years old; 9.8% had 1-10 episodes of asthma during the past year and 6.7% occurred following the respiratory infection; 66.6% had been living in the village for 20-60 years. The same studied samples, 25.2% responded that the weather was of low quality, 54.0% the weather was not clean but safe; 58.9% responded that the source of air pollution were particulates, 1.2% smoke, 1.2% smell, 3.7% rotten air caused by the plant, and 30.7% suspended dust in the atmosphere; 9.8% responded that the polluted air occurred all the year while 56.4% mentioned it frequently occurred in dry season. 3.19.3.8 Health Development Plan for 1997-2001 In general the health development plan is based on Basic Minimum Need indicators, for example, Tambon Khlong Khanan's health plan is emphasized on (1) consumption of adequate amount of nutritious food as required (2) having sanitary house and environment (3) accessibility to services necessary for living (4) having occupation with adequate income for living (5) able to practice family planning as desire (6) participating in community development and determine the direction. Tambon Khlong Khanan also use Ko Cho Cho 2 Kho (Rural Community Development Indicators) for example, (1) fundamental infrastructure problems - land title deeds, availability of electricity, transportation (2) occupation and income problem (3) health and housing sanitation problem (4) water for agricultural use (5) education, religion and culture (6) natural resources and environment. The plan also includes annual activities for each village. 3-245 ENV1O18/I)DMAIN-FISEC314 FR King Amphoe Nua Khlong health plan is emphasised on (1) the solving of health service inadequacy (lack of community hospital and inadequate number of health center) (2) the epidemic of haemorrhagic fever and (3) the sanitation problem of villages located along the seashore. 3.20 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL VALUES 3.20.1 Introduction Changwat Krabi is a Changwat with a long history of human settlement and civilization. Archaeological evidences found such as prehistoric human's drawing on the cave wall, ancient human bones, decorative materials, and debris of utensils indicated that this area has been the site of human settlement and human civilization for at least 4000 years ago. Moreover, the seashell fossil in Changwat Krabi is one of the only 3 seashell fossil sites found in the world. The development of Krabi thermal power plant may disturb the valuable archaeological and historical evidences, thus it is necessary to conduct a detail study on archaeological and historical aspects to avoid the possible disturbance and destruction. The objective of the study is to collect data on archaeological sites within the project area and its vicinity, to assess the possible impacts and also recommend appropriate mitigation measures. 3.20.2 Study Methodology (1) Collect and review documents on archaeological and historical sites within the project vicinity from related government agencies. (2) To conduct field survey to verify the reviewed data and collect primary data in the area of project activities. 3-246 ENV1018/HD/MAIN-EISEC3I4 FR 3.20.3 Results of the Study Based on the results of literature review and field survey, it can be concluded that there is not any archaeological evidence or archaeological site within the project area, but in the nearby area there are 4 archaeological sites (Figure 3.20-1) which can be described as follows: (1) Ko Mo Ko Mo is located about 5.5 km to the southeast of the project area, between Khlong Pakasai and Khlong Phela. The archaeological site is located on a low hill covered with mangroves. Archaeological evidence found comprise remnants of ceramic of Southern Chinese style of art which were made around 19th century B.C. scattered over on the ground and beneath the ground surface. It is assumed that this site might be a temporary camp site of travellers because there is no evidence of water resource or settlement in this area. (2) Ko Lak Ko Lak is a small island located about 13 km to the south of the project area. Tne archaeological evidence foundu on the sl;onpinlg area around the cave comprise debris of ceramic, human bones, beads of prehistoric ages. Nowadays, these evidences have been destroyed. (3) Ban Phela Ban Phela is located in Amphoe Khlong Thom, about 10 km to the northeast of the project area, and about 6 km from the district seat. Two archaeological sites were found, the archaeological evidences comprise remnants of ceramic and vases. According to the evidences found it can be assumed that this was a settlement site of prehistoric human. (4) Khuan Luk Pad Khuan Luk Pad means "hill of beads", it is located about 13 km to the southeast of the,project area in Amphoe Khlong Thom. In this area, a lot of ancient beads, a large flat piece of stone, mould for making decorative materials, decorative accessories and stone coins were found. The colour and form of the beads seemed to resemble South India art and prehistoric beads from Chao Phraya basin. It can be assumed that Khuan Luk Pad was a centre of beads production. 3-247 ENV1O18/HD/MAIN-FJSEC314 FR N I a I 2ML KMj Im'lu RW SAL -~~~ ~ ~ ~ - - - guiij ROAD H*QGWAY LA1TE;inC ROAD BAN :VLC _RESERVOIR ONAM NINJAW TO ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ UA . * N l_ *" YS 1 t ( * USfO Os * S-h(X2 u I 0t.u 0n N ,'V \5A A |&w ¶;P. > AIPIOJ \~41¶I SAN KO PMT ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~NON 9- ~ ~ ~ a WA TAW ,~~~~~~~~~~~~~J~~~~~~ LON /THC, , .;8*AuS '-7'° b o t; 0 /-v-- OR KM ix - P' A ,# -wow TO nn s w u/ ~ ir~~1,W u-ic't...l \1 < 2I / / t nn sum un,> / ,= f / / /dt~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ n FI I KO SI 80 YA t \m w /l '51A 3.20-1 : llUtRUUR09at5 RLLq_- lAri-ARIAR CD EA D FIGURE 3.20-1 :MAP OF ARCHAEOLOGY RESOURCES AT THE STUDY AREA_ 3-248 3.21 AESTHETIC VALIUES AND TOURISM 3.21.1 Introduction The study on aesthetic and tourism aspects has been conducted within the project area and its vicinity. The objectives of the study are as follow: (1) To survey and collect data on aesthetic and tourist sites in the project area and its vicinity. (2) To evaluate aesthetic and visual irnpacts and impacts on tourist sites due to the project development. (3) To recommend appropriate preventive and mitigation measures for those expected impacts. 3.21.2 Study Methodology (1) Collect secondary data from relevant documents and TAT. (2) Collect primary data on tourism and aesthetic aspects by field survey. 3.21.3 Results of the Study Changwat Krabi is vary famous for its tourist attractions which are scattered all over the Changwat. The tourist attractions in Changwat Krabi can be categorized into 2 groups (Figure 3.21-1) comprising. - Natural tourist attractions - Cultural tourist attractions and cultural activities (1) Natural Tourist Attractions (a) Nopharatthara Beach (Had Nopharatthara) Had Nopharatthara is located in Moo 5, Tambon Ao Nang, about 18 km along Nai Muang - Nai Sa road from Krabi town. Local people name it as "Khlong Haeng". The beach is beautiful with about 3 km of length. During the low tide the beach stretches into the sea, people can walk along to islands in front of the beach. ENVIoM8/HD,MAIN-E/SEC314 FR 3-249 N| HAM PHI HUA WK A OKKHORANEE ARBORETUM THAM LOD A / M k HAN TOE LAUN6 KAO PHANOM7ENCHA HAD NOPHARATTHARA xSHELL MUSEUM HAD AO NANG /AO NOM AO PRA NANG// ^w Y HAD RAI LAY ~ ~ ~ T. A HAD THAO PRA NANCN H RAI '~ ~ ~ ~~ ~A K __ Om FIGURE 3.21-1 :TOURISM RESOURCES OF KRABI PROVINCE 3-250 (b) Ao Pra Nang Ao Pra Nang is located about 6 kan to the south of Had Nopharatthara. The fine sand on the beach is mixed with seashell. On another side of the mountain there is a beautiful cave called "Tham Pra Nang" in which there are lot of stalactites and stalagmites. (c) Khao Khanab Nam Khao Khanab Nam is located in front of Krabi. They are 2 parallel steep mountains, about 100 metres of height with a river flowing in between. On the upper part of the mountains there are small caves full of beautiful stalactites and stalagmites. This tourist site can be reached by long-tail boat within 10 minutes from Krabi town. (d) 40 Million Years Old Seashell Fossil "Susan Hoy" is located in Moo 6, Tambon Sai Thai, Amphoe Muang about 19 km from Krabi. -It looks like concrete with seashell mixed in its matter. This seashell fossil is one of the three found in the world (the other two are in USA and Japan). (e) Phi Phi Islands Phi Phi islands consist of 2 islands; Phi Phi Don and Phi Phi Lae. The islands are located about 42 km from Krabi. The most distinguishing characteristic of Ko Phi Phi is the very clear sea water and beautiful aquatic biology beneath the sea. (f) Ko Ngai Ko Ngai is located in Moo 4, Tambon Ko Lanta Yai, Amphoe Ko Lanta about 18 km from the district seat. The area around the island is suitable for swinmming and diving. (g) Than Bokkhoranee Arboretum Than Bokkhoranee Arboretum is located in Moo 2, Tambon Ao Luk Tai, Auo Luk Tai sanitary district, about 46 km from Krabi. In this arboretum, there is a stream flowing from beneath a mountain out into a basin called Than Bokkhoranee. 3-251 ENV1018/HD/MAIN-E/SEC314 FR (h) Khlong Haeng Waterfall Khlong Haeng Waterfall is located in Moo 7. Tambon Khao Phanom. Amphoe Khao Phanom, at about 10 km from the district seat and 49 km from Krabi. This waterfall is about 500 metres of height. The water falls down from the peak of Phanom Benja mountain, surrounded by various plant. (i) Huai To Waterfall Huai To Waterfall is in Tambon Thab Prik. Amphoe Muang, about 25 km from Krabi. It consists of 14 levels. (j) Sra Kaew Sra Kaew is located in Tambon Khao Thong, Amphoe Muang, about 3 km from Ban Nai Sa market. It is a natural basin in a valley consisting of small 8 basins namely Sa Noi, Sa Nam Thip, Sa Hun, Sa Keng, Sa Morakot, etc. (k) Tham Sadet Sadet cave is located in Ban Nong Kok, Tambon Sai Thai. In the cave there are many stalactites and stalagmite. This cave was named by his majesty the King Rama VI when he visited this place in B.E. 2452. (1) Than Nam Sub Thung Teaw Than Nam Sub Thung Teaw is in Ban Bang Teaw, Tambon Khlong Thom Nua, Amphoe Khlong Thom. It is a natural pool filled with water from underground. The colour of the water is emerald green. It is the habitat of a bird of rare species namely Gurney's Pitta Bird (Pitta gurneyi). (m) Tham Pra Tham Pra is a cave, located in Moo 7, Tambon Ao Luk Tai, Amphoe Ao Luk, about 2 km from the district seat. In the cave there are 3 big images of Bhuddha. (n) Tham Phetch Tham Phetch is a cave, located in Moo 2, Tambon Ao Luk Nua, Amphoe Ao Luk, about 7 km from the district seat. Inside the cave there are stalactites and stalagmite glittering like diamond so it is named "Tham Phetch" which means "diamond cave". 3-252 ENV1018/HD/MAIN-E/SEC314 FR (o) Ao Laem Sak Ao Laem Sak is located in Moo 3, Tambon Laem Sak. Amphoe Ao Luk, about 10 km from the district seat. It is very famous for fine. white sand on the beach and its beautiful scenery. (p) Tham Phi Hua To Tham Phi Hua To is located in Amphoe Ao Luk. It is a large cave on a hill, surrounded by water. In the cave there are 40-50 pre-historic drawings on the cave walls which are very interesting in terms of archaeological study. (q) Tham Lod Tham Lod is located in Amphoe Ao Luk, about 6 km from the district seat, comprising 2 caves namely Tham Lod Nua and Tham Lod Tai connecting together with a stream beneath a mountain. Inside the caves there are a lot of beautiful stalactites and stalagmites. (2) Archaeological and Religious Tourist Attractions (a) Wat Khlong Thom Beads Museum Wat Khlong Thom Beads Museum is located in Amphoe Khlong Thom, about 1 km from the district seat. It is an archaeological site in form of a hill called "Khuan Luk Pat" which means "Hill of Beads". A large amount of beads of Thawarawadee Age were found on the hill behind Wat Khlong Thom. It might be a site for beads production. Moreover, stone tools, stone decorative materials and ceramics in forms of various animals were also found. (b) Wat Tham Sua Wipassana Wat Tham Sua Wipassana is located in Amphoe Muang, about 8 km from Sri Trang road junction. It is a place for meditation. In the area there is a valley consisting of many caves such as Tham Lod, Tham Pla Lai, Tham Chang Kaew, Tham Luk Thanue, Tham Khon Than, Tham Phra, etc. (3) Cultural and Traditional Activities (a) Sea-Gypsy's Boat Floating Ceremony This ceremony is performed for 3 days in fullmoon nights in the 6th and the 11th month of the year in order to get rid of bad luck and to ask for security in life and to donate merit for the dead. 3-253 ENV1O18/HD/MAIN-EISEC314 FR (b) Annual Fishing Contest The fishing contest is performed in November. Fishermen from all over the world come to join the contest. (4) Conclusion The nearest famous tourist attraction to the project site is Wat Tham Sua which is about 20 k1m to the north of the project area. It can be concluded that there is not any famous tourist attraction or any famous aesthetic site within the project vicinity. The only one place that can be considered as tourist site is Ko Daeng, a small island in which there is a resort and aquaculture farms. Ko Daeng is about 12 kan to the south of the project area. From investigation on field surveys in the project area and its vicinity it can be concluded that area around Krabi Power Plant and disused mine area possess a potential to be developed as a recreation area, aesthetic site and place for water sports. The potential site comprise 3 old mining pits and 2 main reservoirs. Moreover, pile of mining residue which is about 30 metres high can be developed to be a viewing point and recreation area. Moreover the power plant itself can be educational tourist site for students and people. 3.22 PUBLIC RELATIONS 3.22.1 Introduction The establishment of thermal power plant within the same premise as the former lignite power plant at Tambon Khlong Khanan, Changwat Krabi will causing no impacts in term of relocation or land appropriation, it more or less may affect people's feeling, opinion considerably especially to those living close to such large project. Besides, impacts on people's co-operation and satisfaction may occur both during constructing and operating periods. ENVI018/HD/MAIN-E/SEC314 FR 3-254 In the past, EGAT had highly recognized the importance of these aspects and acted accordingly to create better understanding and satisfaction in having the power plants with fairly acceptance and well co-operation to the project by people and communities. It is, therefore, necessar'y to create mutual understanding among people and communities situated close to the power plant site to solicit people co-operation with the project and at the same time to minimize the problems derived from the project as much as possible. In this reestablished thermal power plant project, EGAT too recognizes the importance of creating better understanding and seeking friendly co-operation among people and communities nearby including other government agencies and private establishments by applying two-way communication techniques as an important tool for PR activities. In addition, the distribution of project's information via printed materials, e.g., leaflets, newspapers and other were also as back up in creating public understanding about the project. The Public Reiations work has 3 mailn objectives which are ac fiollo.ws: (1) To inforn correctly the people, government officials and others who work in the project area about the accurate description of the project that expected to have impacts from those induced by the proposed power plant. (2) To promote people's co-operation with the project, and (3) To assemble opinion, needs, problems and obstacles relating to the project from the people and communities living in the operational project area. 3.22.2 Study Methodology The implementation of PR activities has divided into 3 main steps, i.e., preliminary preparation, implementation, and output evaluation. Their details are as follows: (1) Preliminary preparation phase: The main activity of this first step covered literature (working paper/research report) reviewed, site reconnaissance selecting the target group of people/communities, methods used in communication and work plan including details compilation for leaflet preparation and printing (Appendix H). ENvIOISIHD/MAIN-E/SEC314 FR 3-255 (a) Working paper/research report surveving during January - February 1996 were - Status of Krabi Power Plant, Southern Region. - Krabi Power Plant, 30 September 1995. - Summary Report on Power Development of EGAT (Power System Planning Section). - Electricity Situation and Southern Electricity Development Plan (Electric Power System Planning Section, February 1995). - Sulfur Dioxide Treatment Equipment, Mae Moh Lignite Power Plant, Changwat Lampang. - Final Report on Environmental Impact Assessment of Bang Pakong combined cycle power plant project. - Summary Report on Fact and Figure of Changwat Krabi (1995). - King Amphoe Nua Khlong, Changwat Krabi (District Office Openning Ceremony Explanation Paper). (b) Field survey was made during January - April 1996 to observe project boundary and area including housing areas and communities in Ban Pakasai, Moo 1; Ban Tung Prasarn, Moo 2; and Ban Tung Sakhon, Moo 4 of Amphoe Pakasai and Ban Huai Sok, Moo 2; Ban Khlong Wai Lek, Moo 6; Ban Khlong Mak (including Ban Ko Phot), Moo 3 of Amphoe Khlong Khanan which were selected for PR activities operation (Figure 3.22-1). Altogether 4 site surveys were made as follows: The First period: 17-20 January 1996 The Second period: 20-22 February 1996 The Third period 11-14 March 1996 The Fourth period: 20-23 April 1996 (c) Target Group Analysis : Altogether 6 target groups were designed to include in this study (Appendix I). There are: - Local leader group in 6 villages included people in King Amphoe Pakasai and Khlong Khanan and Amphoe Nua Khlong, Changwat Krabi. 3-256 ENV1018/HD/MAIN-E/SEC314 FR t >N(-// § | | i- z | . S X N s z 1 ! { | gI~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 AW~~~~~ An \S I " l1\\W .01 s _~~~~~~u *7%" t<;.. r 2 t, t > s 1,.X" '" " \X AAgm to t wuQaXtuufilm'ue \ \~~~~~~ *"7U~~~ K *t v3 Am K wu^B i(t \ aS t- J{F A, smXJm (S F 1J&1 \ ,., < C, I~~~~~~_ ^eso7~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"1 .C KW , , , \ , \\, , t K | | | [{ § t l' | zlvfc ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Otam slJn . 3.22-1: wunSflLuu4nu"1 gmu*""aus m{ FIUR 3221 PBU RLJaARA OM~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ..* Of- Government official group included nearly all officials in Changwat, Amphoe and Tamnbon (King Amphoe Khlong Khanan Administration Organization Committee and King Amphoe Pakasai Council). NGO group included Krabi Chamber of Commerce group, Krabi Federation of Thai Industries Council. GO-NGO joint party and representative of shop- store-etc. /business man group, Local politician group included provincial council member and its former member, Common mass media group included TV, central born newspaper and local published newspaper, Non-government organization group as Krabi environmental conservation society. (e) Public relation media preparation for the purpose included: Leaflet: total 1,500 copies of printed folded sheet were produced, people's opinion and needs were described. All related project details include: 3 Thermal Power Plant construction site * Power capacity * Constructing period and tentative starting operating date. * Power plant lifespan * Fuel used in running generator * Impacts and their prevention measures including methods for reducing the impacts. * Advantages that people and communities might receive particularly man. * Power recruitment opportunity, Transparent sheet with diagram and explanations, Various sizes of map (large size lxl m., medium size A-3 and small size A4) showing community boundary that the EIA study was made. ENV1O18/HD/MAIN-EISEC314 FR 3-258 (d) Methods designed for PR work which mostly based on what generally familiar and prefered for their common daily life activities. Direct contact through monthly meeting and before and/or after praying timne on every Friday including discussion through their leader by applying two-way communication. two-step flow communication and wider range conmmunication through printed materials (leaflet), mass media (newspaper both from central and local born including TV programme). These selected media are of highly efficient and capacity in describing full project activity (Table 3.22-1). (2) Implementing phase: The main PR activities carrying out were information extension services, survey and primary evaluation of people perception, attitude and needs including future project operation as related to local/communities developments. Recommendations from those were also included. Direct contact with people/communities to transfer all concerned project information can be summarized as follows (Photo 3.22-1): (a) Totally 613 persons were met for freely exchanging information at their family household/agencies and target groups during January - April 1996 through 1,350 leaflets distribution. (b) Two main meeting periods, e.g., 20-22 February and 11- 14 March 1996 were arranged and leaflet with project boundary map were distributed. (c) Meeting with people to explain them on what they still have in mind and worried about the project during February-April 1996 by using leaflets and map showing the related communities boundary particularly in the EIA studied area as an important media were made. (d) Meeting with people to present the activities and progress report and to answer the questions so as to reduce their worries, problems gathering/needs, opinions/recommendations, were set up during February - April 1996. (e) Information distribution through nationwide media as Settaket Tai and Chon-Tai, Daily News, Matichon and Bangkok Business and TV channel 5, 7 (Table 3.22-1). (3) Impacts Assessment covered the following aspects: (a) Impacts both during constructing and operating periods. (b) To assess the strong point, weak point, risky and PR operating opportunities. ENV1O18/HD/MAIN-E/SEC314 FR 3-259 TABLE 3.22-1 METHODS AND MEDIA USED IN PR ACTIVITIES OF KRABI THERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT, DURIN'G JANUARY - APRIL 1996 Method (Periods) Main Media Used (person, sheet) Meeting for Information Exchanges - First period: 17-20 January 1996 leaflet (120. 120) Second period: 20-22 February 1996 leaflet (87. 230) - Third period: 11-14 March 1996 leaflet (226, 890) - Fourth period: 20-23 April 1996 leaflet (180, 110) Meeting for Project Orientation - 20-22 February 1996 leaflet and map - 11-14 March 1996 leaflet and map Meeting for Details Explanation - 20-22 February 1996 leaflet and map showing communities boundary in EIA studied - 11-14 March 1996 leaflet and map showing communities boundary in EIA studied - 20-23 April 1996 leaflet and map showing communities boundary in EIA studied Meeting for Presentation of Progress Report, Problems Gathering/Comments/Needs - 20-22 February 1996 Leaflet, transparent sheet showing the results of work that had been done - 11-14 March 1996 Leaflet, transparent sheet showing the results of work that had been done - 20-23 April 1996 Leaflet, transparent sheet showing the results of work that had been done Information Distribution to Public Local Central Born Television Television Newspaper Newspaper - March-April 1996 Settaket Tai Daily News Ch.5 Ch.7 (28 Mar.) (12 Apr.) (13 Mar.) (14 Mar.) Chon Tai Matichon (24 Apr.) (23 Apr.) (24 Apr.) Bangkok Business (24 Apr.) 3-260 ENV 1X18/961 10TAB322-1.XLS Wih Photo 3.22-1 Public Relation Service around Ban Huai Sok 3-26 1 3-22.3 Results of the Studv From PR study, it was found that the communities. locating around the project area of within 5 km. radius, expected to have directly impacts from the project are the old communities that had been settled for more than 100 years ago. All people living in these communities are native to this area (from socio-economic survey in January 1996 found that 93.33% of the people were born in this king amphoe and its vicinity). As for the people who resettled there for nearly 20 years ago (from the survey made in January 1996) though they have different race and religious as Islamic people in Ban Ko Phot, Khlong Mak and Khlong Wai Lek of Tambon Khlong Khanan and Christian people in Ban Tung Sakhon of Tambon Pakasai or Buddhist in Ban Huai Sok and Ban Pakasai, they are very friendly and respect each other very well like other common local people. Mainly, their standard of living were in medium level. They had permanent occupation as government services, electricity generating authority of Krabi enterprise or lignite mining company and rubber/palm oil plantation which generated the rather fire income. Mainly of these families' member are working with the above mentioned agencies as their main occupation. Since these communities are not so big (45-100 households), therefore, each family has a rather large land area for vegetable, field crop and fruit trees plantation resulting in better income except the people those living in Ban Khlong Wai Lek have 2 alternative subsistance occupations, one as labour for charcoal producing and the other as worker for latex collector in small rubber planting area. In having the very secure occupation and warming atmosphere, a very close relationship including familiarity to living place resulting in adhering to their native locality and social in their communities were found. Any activity leading to promote better standard of living of people and communities particularly those ready to serve their needs are welcome. From the past PR activities, it was found the people perception, attitude toward the project and power plant including expected impacts on people and communities both during constructing and operating periods were positive. Some of the above mentioned output are as follows: 3-262 ENVI018D/HDMAIN-E/SEC314 FR (1) People perception: The people know that EGAT has a new project on reconstruction of Thermal Power Plant near the recently expired power plant's area with the generator using crude oil. The communities pay very much attention and enthusiasm to ask some related questions as benefit that they will receive from the project, for example, man power recruitment opportunity, assistant in community development, and impacts on air and water. They also remind EGAT about the environmental quality and human health as well. EGAT should help to solve problems that may effect quality of life and people occupations. They also ask EGAT to report the monitoring results and their mitigation to reduce their worried. (2) Attitude toward the project and power plant: From attitude survey through important behavioral reflection as need of project, future benefit, and co-operation with the project found that; Communities and related person (all government agencies and private sectors) showed their greatly need of the project. Initially, when people knew that the electric power plant will be established in Changwat Krabi, they were very glad and asking EGAT to promise it would be a must when they knew that the EIA studying was on going, people said that they were very glad. As for private sector they wanted the study team to do wider distribution all related information or the progress of the project activities for not let the project stopped and terminated. For example, the Krabi Chamber of Commerce Committee, asked many local media to distribute all information through local newspaper and wasted to know its progress and they strongly confirmed that this project is needed by the people. As the secretary of the Federation of Thai Industries, Krabi Chapter and the Krabi Chamber of Commerce said that "The need of power plant in this area is high. Basically, Krabi people pay much attention in and ready to receive and accept all development bringing in for our local people. Though the project is now under studying but it is expected to get support from all agencies concerned to have this project finally come true" (the secretary of the Federation of Thai Industries, Krabi Chapter Council's expression, 22 April 1996). 3-263 ENV1018/HD/MAIN-EISEC314 FR "Due to Krabi Power Plant has reviewed high acceptability by various agencies such as local government officials and private agencies' representative, community leaders and people within the area. therefore, it is expected to have 100% success" (the secretary of the Krabi Chamber of Commerce Council's expression, 22 April 1996). Though it might be some adversed effects as dusts deposit. suspended in the air or mixed in household water but the people felt very confident that after establishment of power plant there might have man power recruitmnent opportunity and future local development. As for tax that Khlong Khanan executive body collected in 1995 found up to 1,172,112 baht. They expected after bringing in power plant may generate their income as well. As for road surface improvement, EGAT took responsibility and expanded the help to construct other routes as Pakasai-Nong Pak Chi or Tung Prasarn - Nong Pak Chi. These helps make people getting, more convenient in making trips in every seasons. In case of education promotion, there should be the scholar ship or equipments and other managements set up including participation in some public activities as religious ceremony, traditional ritual etc. In co-operation with communities or key personnel that supported the project, data and information distribution were offered and at every session that the PR trip has made, the very good co-operation in joining the meeting, asking the questions and showed their willing to give their opinions and some valuable recommendations were given to the PR study team. It can be concluded that from people feeling, opinion, and their expression leading positively to the project and EGAT. (3) The strong point of the project, it can be said that the Thermal Power Plant project at Changwat Krabi is advantage according to people's attitude. These are from the output of the previous power plant activities which contribute to economics (man power recruitment opportunity, trading growth, higher taxes collections, and support the growth of industry, business and service sectors), social (as education, sporting, religious and tradition), and development (especially the development of infrastructure and up standard of people's living). Among advantages of the project which satify the community are, for example, prompt responses in problem solving (the case of oil leakage at a repairing of oil pipeline). EGAT immediately sent responsible officials to work at the scene and discussing the problem ENV1O18/HD/MAIN-E/SEC314 FR 3-264 with those affected from the incident who fortunately had only minor damages and did not want to seek compensation from EGAT. Villagers viewed as a major contributors to community affairs regularly. This results in positive attitude toward the power plant and expressing their need for the proiect construction. (4) The weak point of the project, though up to now it is known that there are many advantages in construction of Thermal Power Plant in Krabi, such a big project and as former plant that took about 30 years of operation, its very common to face somPe problems. Learning from this, if EGAT knows how to start at the beginning and inform people about the mitigation measure, it will assist to have better attitude and co-operation. During the old days of lignite power plant operation, sometime EGAT did not know some impacts occurring, e.g., lignite mine operation made a cracking at the mosque wall at Khlong Wai Lek. EGAT sent EGAT staff to investigate the crack and found out the crack was not caused by the project operation. EGAT has already explained the village headmen of Ban Khlong Wai Lek about this matter. Moreover EGAT is pleased to assist in repairing the mosque if it is required by the community. The others were, during site survey (the surveyor told local people that they came from EGAT), some fruit trees of local people (Mr. Meed Khlongrung at house no. 25, Ban Khlong Wai Lek; during July - August 1995) were damaged and promised to compensate for such damages but no one showed up after the incident (For this case, EGAT explained that Mr. Meed Khlongrung had planted fruit trees within EGAT area, thus the survey activities might cause some damages on the trees on the land). As for student bus services serving EGAT's, children, it had been allowed the local children to use the bus but from 1994 to date they were refused. Because there is no local bus services, the children faced many problems particularly during the raining season. If EGAT decided to charge for fare, they are ready to pay. Illness on respiratory system of Khlong Wai Lek residents locating close to lignite mining, it was believed that the cause is from mining dusts. They would like EGAT to have their physical examination, and people health care. Beside the negative impacts as mentioned above there are still some adversed effects to some people which some had been solved but some people did not know. They were not sure that some problems generated from Krabi Power Plant for example oil film (it was once happened but had been suspected that it might ENV1O18/HD/MAIN-E/SEC314 FR 3-265 came from Seafood Factory, Palm Oil Refinerv and Ice Plant including Car Care located on Khlong Pakasai bank upstream of Krabi Power Plant). As for impacts occurred in the old days including inaccurate information these, were the weak points of the PR activities done and may lead to disagreement by some people. (5) The risky of the power plant PR activities can be divided into 5 main areas as follows: - Income tax in Khlong Khanan had been presented after establishment of Krabi Power Plant and reduced after the plant was closed (expected 50% would be reduced in 1997 and only 10% left in 2000). - Need accurate information about power plant boundary especially at Ban Khlong Wai Lek. - Worry that New Power Plant that using fuel oil may have some effect shrimp farming. - Worry about using of low grade crude oil even EGAT confirmed the low sulfur content and system designing with appropriate sulfur dioxide controlling measures. - Worry among government officials and the Krabi Chamber of Commerce on fuel transportation route that was proposed to use water course or not inzluding its detail. In addition, they need to know about prevention measure (in case of leakage) during oil transport and its transfer. The above concerns should be carefully considered by the EGAT and necessary information should be prepared for future distributed. It can be concluded that the PR activities done were very successful. All people and related agencies know better what is on going and response in good attitude to the project. The project has more strong points than weak points, but the project should be prepared to prevent and solve or explain additional information the local people to reduce pressure and their worries on future project development. 3-266 ENV1018/HD/MAIN-E/SEC314 FR &~XYti A AIr*OT ENVIRONMENTAL ElPACT ASSESSMNENT 4.1 INTRODUCTION The activities relating to the construction and operation of the Krabi Thernal Power Plant Project may generate both positive and negative impacts to the surrounding environment. Therefore, it is essential to assess the potential impacts at the early stage of the development in order to be able to effectively minimize the adverse effects by appropriate mitigation measures. 4.2 TOPrOGRAPII X 4.2.1 Construction Period During construction period of the project, there will be only a little change in topography because the construction site of about 600 rai is the area which is now being used as EGAT staff housing, machinery repairing plant and warehouses for keeping mining and power plant equipment. This area has been already filled up, thus during the construction of the new thermal power plant there will be only dismantling of the old buildings and been utilized, some areas to make it suitable and safe for the new power plant. 4.2.2 Operation Period After the construction period there will be no activity that would cause a radical change in topography; there would be no impact during operation period. In addition, EGAT will improve the power plant area by proper land scaping design which will improve the surrounding environment. ENV10181HD/MAIN-EJCHAP4 FR 4-1 4.3 GEOLOGY AND SEISMOLOGY The power plant site is situated on the Tertiary sediment. Bearing capacity of clay and claystone underlying the power plant site is not available. However. the nroposed-r rin r p! tnt uill hpei Sittl td vi;th;n th. prxi, ,f +1e old Vt-1- porplr. which already out of commission without any problems on foundation or subsidence. This power plant will be limited to the area of about 600 rai, thus, the impact on geological regime of the area is not foreseen. No impact of earthquake is expected to cause any dynamic effect on the structures of the power plant because the project area is located on a low seismic risk area (Zone 0) in which there will be no earthquake disaster and the standard for "Zone 1" is used in detailed design of the basement and buildings of the project. 4.3.1 Mineral Resources There is no evidence to indicate that economic mineral or lignite resources occur under the power plant site with area of about 600 rai. Mineral potential is considered to be very low, mining development at the power plant site is not feasible. Therefore, it can be concluded that the impact on mineral resources is nil. 4.3.2 Raw Material Impact Assessment Raw material for Krabi power plant construction has to be transported from Khao Kaew with the distance of approximately 10 km. from project site. there should be the construction and FGD system activities such as blasting which will probably induce disturbance to the community. Rock blasting leads the strength and stress wave around the hole, the strength and wave type depend on the following components: - Specific charge - Rock type - The relationship of the length and size hole - Distance from size hole - The relationship of blasting speed and wave dispersion in rock ENVI018/HD/MAIN-E/CHAP4 FR 4-2 TUino hhistinp will probably induce the severitv on human life and properties. Rock movement due to blasting can be classified into ' types namely throw and fly rock. The causes of fly rock an as follows: - The quantity of specific charge, from the research of SVEDEFO, if the specific charge equals 0.2 kg/m3 rock will be broken and will not be thrown, but if the speciflc charge is increased to be 0.4 kg/mr3 (normal level of usage), the thrown rock will be 20-30 meter of distance. - Size of hole Form the SVEDEFO (Swedish Detonic Research Foundation) research, the maximum distance of fly rock depends on the diameter of hole size with the following equation L = 260 d2/3 where L = maximum distance of fly rock (m) d = diameter of the hole (mm) The relationship of maximum distance shown on Figure 4.3-1 and 4.3-2. The thickness of blasting area, if there are thicker, the crater will occur and the fly rock will be below from the rock surface. Noise level due to blasting can be calculated by the equation below: Noise level (dBL) = 20 log (P/Po) Po = 3x10- psi P = Kp (D/E 13)-1.2 ENVIO18/HD/MAIN-E/CHAP4 FR 4-3 S~~~~~~~~~~ 0 - Kg nr 50 - 0 .5 -- 0.35 f fl/3 C8O '-a 2 0 ~~25 50 75 D SIZE OF OLE . VO 4.3-1 T ES FIGURE 4.3-1 :THE MAXIMUN DISlANCE OF FLY ROCK RELATE TO SIZE OF HOLE AND SPECIFIC CHARGE -~~~~ d: m Soo/ So - lJfinsuFii3nniauii. SPECIFIC CHARGE Kq/ m 4 25 ax 00 at.4 5;- flGURE 4.3-2 :MAXIMUN DISICE DEPEND UPON SPECIFInC CHARGE AND HOLE SIZE 25 -mm. mm. The noise levels at each distance are as follows: Distance Noise Level (dB(L)) ft m 120 36 . .114 > 150 45 111.9 200 60 108.9 250 75 106.5 500 150 99.3 700 210 95.8 1,000 300 92.1 1,500 450 87.9 2,000 600 84.9 3,000 900 80.6 5,000 1,500 75.3 Concerning to the vibration in terms of Peak Particle Velocity. From the above review and study, if the activities are not properly managed, the blasting may lead the negative impact in the form of noise, fly rock and vibration at the nearby communities especially the nearest mosque about 200 m. away. 4.4 SOIL AND SOIL QUALITY 4.4.1 Construction Period The impact mostly occurs in the construction site is due to transportation of construction materials and equipments. There is a few direct impacts to soil quality but the construction activities will not have much influence to the surrounding area. ENVIO18/HD/MAIN-E/CHAP4 FR 4-6 4.4.2 Opration Perind (1) Effect of SO2 on Soil Condition Soils within the project area are acid with pH between 4-5.5. Takua Thung soil series found in low Iying area with pH value between 3-4 is acid sulphate soil. Bang Pakong soil series found in mangrove area has high pH value due to the influence of seawater. After seawater is drained out the soil will become acid sulphate soil. Measured level of SO2 in the air will affect the soils in case it rains but the effect would not be so high due to the buffering capacities of soils, type of the acid. level of acid and base saturation. The soils in the project area possess low value of CEC and most of base saturation is low. Low level of acid rain can be expected due to low level of SO, in the air. The effects on crops depend on their tolerance for acid soil. Most of plants such as para rubber, palm oil, pipeapple can grow on acid soil. It can be concluded that effects of SO2 on soils and plants would be minimal or nil. The area in which there will be more impacts than other areas is the area to the northeast and io the sout--west of tuhe power pla1t with higher degree in the northeast since there is higher level of SO2 in the air and there is more possibility of reaction changes for such soils as Takua Thung soil series, Bangpakong soil series and alluvium. Generally plants can grow well on soils with pH between 6-7.5 but there are various kinds of plants such as rice and most of plant in equatorial zone which can endure acidity at the degree of pH value not lower than 4 (Most of plants can't tolerate the pH value lower than 4). The corrosive power of H2SO4 is harmful to plant leaves, it destroys photosynthesis system and retards plant growth. H2SO4 is also harmful to human beings and animals including fishes and aquatic plants (when water becomes more acid). However the emitted SO2 from the project is of rather low level, so, the impact on the project area and its vicinity can be expected as minimal. (2) Suitability Evaluation of the Site for Gypsum Dumping Two areas are proposed gypsum dumping sites (Figure 4.4-1). To evaluate the site, seven site properties, soil series, organic matter in soil, soil texture, CEC of soil, drainage, land form and slope, and distance from the nearest natural water source, described in Table 4.4-1, are considered. The result of evaluation ENV1018/HD/MAIN-EXCHAP4 FR4 503.000 D.(E) 505.000 D. (E) j I jA3.2 _ 885s.00 (N) ''E. \, \__*___)______u_ z 'oo~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' -88.0 /(FP A I: ) Al °Fi .t() n &\ (K rm \ t1 \G A.2/ A.33; ecrea?ionl Area (! V d j ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~og Mar- t1 0 '00~~~~~~~0 A3.2 Paa Rubber i FP Forcst Plantation A3.3 ~ 3. AOil Pam Idle land >_ ~~~~~Re Recreation Area W2 Waxer Body (Reservoir) I Wei Lek Pit (Fl.6) Degraded Mangrove forest _ 1I Bang maulrk Pit A3. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ SA -8 4-8 0u.( TABLE 4.4.1 DISCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED SITES FOR GYPSUM DUMiPi-SN Site 1 Site 2 Original soil is Natham series and was Mostly Natham series in the western par and disturbed by mining activity. Natham series mostly Takua Thung and Bang Prakong series. has loamy texture surface haizon overlying in the eastern part. Takua Thung and Bang gravelly clay loam; low O.M. content; low Prakong series have loam to silty clay loam CEC; moderately well drained; terrace land surface texture overlying sandy clay or clay form; Partly filled by water. subsoil; hirgh O.M.; medium to high CEC: poory drained; tidal swamp; partly filled by water. 4-9 ENVIO 196192/rAB44- I.XS suggests that site 2 (Bang Mark pit) which locates near Khlong Pakasai is suitable for gypsum dumping (Gypsum has no heavy metals so it is less harmful. though it is dissolved in wastewater, it causes no harm to human beings and animals) site 2 is m.qr.h land; the soil ir nrid suifhqve scil. 4.5 AIR QUALITY 4.5.1 Climatology and Meteorology of the Site Area The site area is in the Southern part of Thailand which is dominated by the Southwest Monsoon during the summer months (May to October) and Northeast Monsoon during the winter months (November to April). The 30 year average meteorological data is available only at Ko Lanta, which in our opinion is not in the same meteorological regime as the power plant, as the station is the island and thus is influenced by the sea while the power plant is inland. The Krabi meteorological station which is near the city of Krabi has only recently collected the data but only at 7 AM to 10 PM on 3-hourly, instantaneous observation basis. The data from Krabi station was compared with Ko Lanta station and the calm hours during early morning and night are clearly observed, which are not evident in Ko Lanta. In order to use Krabi's data, assumptions have to be made to cover the night hours and it was assumed that most of the night hours after 10 PM are on the calm side unless the preceding observation (at 10 PM) indicates strong wind then the half value of 10 PM wind velocity was used for 1 AM wind velocity. The entire 1995 meteorological data was used for this study. There are a number of hills on the North and small hills almost at all directions from the power plants. Most of them are limestone with high cliffs in the range of 100-300 m. These hills can be exposed to pollutants transported at high altitude and can produce effects such as high concentrations on the hill side facing the wind from the power plant to downwash effect on the other side, but since they are not ENV1018/HD/MAIN-E/CHAP4 FR 4- 10 wide Ute effec. may not be reat ne the wind ran travel around the sides. However as the hills are limestone they are much prone to effects from acidic gases. The local meteorological condition as described thus requires mitigation measures which are incorporated into design as follow: (1) The stack of the plant must be high enough to prevent high concentration of pollutants during the daytime, when the plune will be dispersed fast in both horizontal and vertical directions. The tall stack will also prevent accumulation during the night, as it is expected that surface inversion is weak and low level. (2) The low-level emission sources (in case of coal as fuel) must be prevented as such sources can cause the local problem during the daytime. due to the strong wind and during the night time (due to calm conditions). Strong wind will carry the dust from sources while clam wind will prevent the dust from dispersion, which will cause the problem at different receptors. (3) There are no other significant sources of air pollution in the vicinity of the power plant so any problem regarding air quality in thie future will pointed at the power plants. The control of gaseous and particulate emissions must be as stringent as possible. 4.5.2 Impact Assessment 4.5.2.1 Construction Period Construction of the power plant itself will generate mainly particulate matter (dust) and gaseous emissions from engines and vehicles. This is not going to be a major source of air pollutants as compared to the operation of the plant. The impact during construction will be mainly from the transport of materials. The erection of the power plant structure will not cause much dust as most are steel parts and equipments, so the dust generating activities will be the infrastructures such as roads and housing, offices, etc. ENVIoIS/HD/MAIN-E/cHAP4 FR 4 4.5.2.2 Operation Period Duringz operation, the sources of emissions will be mainly the power plant (boiler and fuel burning). 4.5.2.2.1 Sources of Emissions Sources of emissions from the proposed power plants as follows: Combustion sources: as in Table 4.5-1. 4.5.2.2.2 Meteorological Data The meteorological data used for the ISC2 model are 1995 data at Krabi City and should reflect the site. As ISC2 has the wind velocity profile correction with altitude, the wind velocity at the stack tip level should not be much different from the actual site. The wind rose and stability for the station was prepared according to Pasquill's classification method as appeared in Slade (1968) Meteorology and Atomic Energy. 4.5.2.2.3 Air Quality Model Selection and Description Industrial Source Complex (ISC2) Dispersion Model of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency was chosen for simulating ground level concentrations of air pollutants emitted from the proposed power plant stack. ISC2 model is a steady-state Gaussian Plume model which can be applied to multiple sources such as point, area and volume source types. There is a wide variety of options, namely rural or urban dispersion, concentration or deposition calculation, flat terrain or elevated terrain heights and cartesian grid receptor networks or polar grid receptor networks, etc., which are offered in ISC2 model in compliance with simulated conditions in computing air pollutant concentrations. ISC2 model is also capable of operating in both short term and long term modes. The options used in this run is: (1) Use Brigg's final plume rise. (2) Use stack tip downwash. (3) Use buoyancy-induced dispersion. 4-12 ENV1018/HD/MAIN-E/CHAP4 FR TABLE 4.5.1 AIR POLLUTANT ENISSIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF A STACK FOR ISC2 MODEL SIMULATIONS (300 MW UNIT) Characteristics of Stack Fuel Oil Fuel (ton/hr) 65.042 (% S) 2.0 Stack height (m) 150 Width (m) 4 Velocity (m/s) 20.7 (130 C) Temperature ( C) - without FGD 130 w.. ;th FGDre .... 80 I~~~~~~~~ o Actual flow rate (mi/s) 260 (130 C) Emission (g/s) - SO, without FGD 722 FGD efficiency 80 S02 145 - NOx 53 - TSP 18 Concentration (ppmvd) at 7% O,, 25 C, I atmospher, dry 3 - SO2 (mg/mr) 224 - NOX (mg/mr) 114 3 -TSP (mg/mr) 73 IPP Standards (mg/mr) - so, 320 - NOX 180 -TSP 120 E4-13 ENV IOhq9692fVAB45- I.XL (4) Use calm processing routines. (5) Not use missing data processing routine. (6) Use default wind profile exponents. 1'7 T T A - ^-IA._A AA (8) No exponential decay for the rural mode used. (9) Elevation of terrain is used. (10) Grids of 21 x 21 km. at 1 km. interval is used with power plant at the center (coordinate near 0,0). 4.5.2.2.4 Input Data for ISC2 Model Simulations Input data for ISC2 model simulations consist of emission source data, receptor data and meteorological data as described below. (1) Emission Source Data The 2x300 MW proposed power plant uses oil as main fuel of which properties are shown in Table 4.5-1. Oil causes major air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and particulates, thus, the air pollutant emissions emitted from each of two boilers through two individual chimney and the characteristics of a stack for compiling air pollutant ground level concentrations with ISC2 model are tabulated. For exit velocity, when FGD was employed it will be increased since there are some air to be used for oxidization process. Thus, this study used the velocity of 28 m/s. (2) Receptor Data The study area is 10 km. radius around the project site due to the tall stack and divided into uniform grids with size lxl km., therefore, there are 441 receptor points in air quality modelling. After three sets of data including emission source data, receptor data and meteorological data are input into the model, ISC2 model is executed to calculate the dispersions of air pollutant concentrations. The dispersions of sulfur dioxide concentrations are evaluated for 1-hour, 24-hour and 1-year averaging times whereas the dispersions of nitrogen oxide concentrations are estimated for 1-hour and 24-hour averaging time as well as the dispersions of particulates concentrations are computed for 24-hour and 1-year averaging times. ENV1018/HD/MA1N-E/CHAP4 FR 4-14 The results of the simulated dispersions of air pollutant concentrations are provided in the forms of isopleths of concentrations as a function of receptor locations. 4.5.2.2.5 Results of ISC2 Simulations (1) Effect from Sulfur Dioxide (Table 4.5-2) 2% of Sulfur Content (a) Normal Condition The power plants thus can operate on the following conditions: Using fuel oil with 2% S will need to operate FGD (eff. 80%) which reduce will 1 hr concentration to 90 gg/m3, 24-hr concentration to 30 pg/M3 and annual average to 3 ,ug/m3 and emission level at 224 ppm which meet all ambient and emission standards of Thailand (Figure 4.5-1 to 4.5-5). (b) Abnormal Condition when with FGD (l)\ T- n. +-S caseof in. 2%S fielp withnii FPD the emission level will be 1,120 ppmvd which is not in compliance with emission standard (320 ppmvd). The ambient standards will just be met at 600-720 ,g/i3 (1-hr) 180 ,g/m3 (24-hr) and 24 pg/M3 (annual). (2) Simulation using fuel oil for 600 MW plants indicate that if 2% S oil is to be used without FGD the maximum 1 hr concentration of SO2 will be as 1A/ 3 high as 450 pg/rn in the worst hour of the year at NE direction near Ban Thung Sakorn and SW direction with the distance of 1-2 kIn, 150 ,ug/m3 for the worst day of the year and 15 pg/m3 at annual average. The hourly and daily ambient air quality value will not exceed the ambient standard of Thailand of 780 and 300 pg/M3 respectively. In summary the plant should operate with FGD but in the case of failure of FGD, air pollution control measures for the emergency cases should be operated. ENV1018/HD/MAIN-E/CHAP4 FR 4-15 TABLE 4.5-2 RESULTS OF ISC2 SIMNULATIONS OF S02 FOR KRABI THERMAL POWER PLANT Sulfur (S) FGD Maximum SO2 Concentration Emission Level in Fuel Oil EMciency (>tg/cu.m.) of S02 (%) 1 hr 24 hr Annual (ppm) 2 450 150 15 1.120 80 90 30 3 224 Note: - Almost of existing SO, concentration are ND and the maximum value was found at the power plant with the value of 29 jtg/m then the value of 10 tg/m was used for background concentration. 3 - For NO2. the measured concentration was 10 1±g/m, therefore the value of NOX is estimated to be 2 times of NO, then the background concentration was 20 gig/m . 3 - TSP background concentration was 50 ig/m . Summary: Maximum Concentration of SO2 Without FGD with FGD Standard 3 ~~~~~~~3 .3 I hr 460 gIg/m 100 Jg/m 780 Jg/mr 333 24 hr 160 ,Ug/in 40 Jig/mr 300 i/nm Annual 25 Jig/m 13 Jig/rn 100 Jig/m 33 Maximum NOX I hr 53 ,Ug/m 320 ig/mr TSP 24 hr 54 Jig/m 330 JIg/m3 3 3 Annual 51 JLg/m 100 ig/m 4-16 ENV Io I/96192/rAB45-2.xLs 0 ~~~~~ I- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ z C I I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~U t 14-~~~- __l I IL N 0 'Ii:II I 2lWII '! ' 8j. - /~~~~~~~~~ - C: I3 C--' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ----- LM ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~-~~ nwwg31 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t LA I gorA)('S~'W . ,#w^s;¢t~~~~~~Sa. eu t S Figure 4.5-2: ISOPLETHS FOR SO1 CONCENTRATION (24 HOUR MAXIMUM) AROUND PROJECT AREA OF KRABJ OIL-FIRED (2%S) WTrH80% SCRUBBING EFFICIENCY 4-18 N / ~ ~~ ~ I I I I I I I I ; I . MM I F U q vim u; mnI o~~~~~~g ** WM0l 2 LAW~~~E LA M tB~~~~~~~~~~~~lt C I *-. U- L7~~~~~~~~~~~~t to am w ab @ i__~~~~~~_ Jx473.. 4-19~~~~~~rn j, lhu. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~9 0 A Ito o, 'I~~~~~~~~~~~ M Figure 4.5-3: ISOPLETHS FOR SOg CONCENTRATION (ANNUAL AVERAGE) AROUND PRtOJECT AREA OF KRABI OIL-FIRED (2%S) WITH 80% SCRUBBING EFFCIENCY 4I-19 N O s ~2 Ml. KM , ,, linu' ~ euI" G wI .. C S' SM -r' AG :%i 5N Po b -tv~~~~_W' 5-a.mo mviumniEec vim xo9 oY^'l (2) %/ ;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~n~~~~~Ct tCNUI CA |* Figure 4.6-4: ISOPLETHS FOR SO, CONCENTRATION ( 1 HOUR MAXIMUM) AROUND PROJECT AREA OFm KRABI OIL-FIRED (2%S) 4-20 l ~~~N 4kV*srd; MGM LL4 ~ ~ ~ Z ..3 SA A SO 'VA O .- 4 I O L.WA ' / / /) M2 %*M 24...2 1 tA (t/ i~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~k M. _ . ~~~w42 (2) The Effect from the Other Pollutants Other pollutants such as NOx. 1-hr maximum concentration is onl) 33 pgl/m and dust is only 4 pg/In' for 24 hour period and less than 1 ugim3 for annual 4.5-7). (3) Effect from Acid Rain The chance of having incidents of acid rain from the project is minimal as acid rain formation requires large S02 emission and other precursors such as 03 and photochemical oxidants (i.e. OH radical) which are more prevalent in urban areas. The direct, non-catalyzed oxidation of S02 to sulfate is very slow. The dominance of limestone in the area also acts as buffering for the acids, if any. The rain also comes from both directions of the coast. In conclusion, the chance of having acid rain is very remote. 4.6 NOISE 4.6.1 Construction Period During construction period, the range of sound levels found from 19 common types of construction equipment is presented in Figure 4.6-1. The maximum sound level is approximately 105 dB(A) due to the pile drivers, these sound levels are measured at 15 m of distance from source (the proposed noise levels due to construction activities from project were in the ranges of 75-140 dB(A)). The predicted noise level at concern receptors can be calculated by following equation. Lp2 = Lpl - 20 log (r2/rl) where Lpl = the measured SPL (Sound Pressure Level) at distance rl from source Lp2 = the desired SPL at distance r2 from source rl, r2 = distance from source to measurement Lpl and Lp2 respectively ENVIO8/HD/MAIN-E/CHAP4 FR 4-22 I I i I ' 7 [ I ,_ aL~~~~~~~~~~~ . . w_ v- - - ntsQ C * 2 fl m - wKr I L - - -K L~~~~~ S,MSt (2 - E.~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ti \'au 34eW ,.6c, FIRED iLln 4-23 U _ U. mmo. LAWOW UWC C . 2I11L ,.'. v.-m IaI ,CM J I , _ -- / (2) - ---- cm ~ ~ ~ - 1' "' X2) Iw I \ ° / \3){,t AREA~~~ ~a OFKRBIOI-FREL -A~~~~~42 N1be Level (GSA) at 15 m so *ro e0 90 100 110 Compactors (Rollers) Front Loaders Wp sackhote 0 2 o e Tractors 3 e Scropers,Grod_rs a Pavers Is lilTrucks C - Conemte Mixers e a e Concrete Pumps Crones (Movable) Be :1 Crones (Derrick) E: | >Pumps *__- a _-neraors__ 0 ~~~~~Comnpressors Pneumatic Wrenches j Jackhommers and Rock Drills WC, Impact Pile DrlIvrs MPeoks) Vibrator £* ~~~~~~~Saws 0 FIGURE 4.6-1: RANGE OF SOUND LEVELS FROM VARIOUS TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION EOUIPMENT IIJA 4.6-1: :^UJLU4mN:flnz'U11fiII*-0 The calculated noise level at each distance from source are shown below: Distance (m) 50 100 150 300 500 1000 2000 3000 Noise Level 94.5 88.5 85.0 79.0 74.5 68.5 62.5 59.0 (dB (A )) j _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ j _ _ Concerning to the nearest community (Ban Ko Phot) with 3 Iam of distance will be experienced at 59 dB whereas the existing noise level was 58 dB(A). The 1 dB of difference in decibels between two levels will make the noise level at Ban Ko Phot to be about 61.5 dB(A) (Figure 4.6-2). This value of noise is still lower than 70 dB(A), the standard value recommended by US.EPA. Regarding to EGAT community which is adjacent to project site (500-1,000 n.). Noise level at residences with 500 m from construction site is predicted to be about 75 dB(A), whereas at 1,000 m. will be 68 dB(A). However, the construction activities will be limited only the daytime. In addition, the natural noise barrier such as trees around the site can also absorb noise which can be reduced about 5 dB. Therefore, the impact due to noise from construction activities will be minor and the mitigation measures will be proposed in the next chapter. 4.6.2 Operation Period From project descriptions as mentioned in Chapter 2, the power plant will generate noise level not exceed 85 dB(A) at 1 m. of distance from noise source and not exceed 54 dB(A) at 122 m. of distance from source. At approximately 100 m of distance areas are the offices and workshop, this noise level will not disturb these areas since above noise level is outdoor and will be reduced by the ground absorption therefore noise level in working area should be lower than 54 dB(A). Conceming to the adjacent communities, the 85 dB(A) of noise level at 1 m. from source will be gradually decreased at the increasing of distance as shown in Figure 4.6-3. Then. during the operation period of Krabi power plant. the impact of noise level is negligible. 4-26 ESv!oi8,HDMAAN-E,CHAP4 FR x 3.0- I 02.5 0 12 13 14 15 to IT 18 19 20 . S _ _ _6X DIFFERENCE 11.0 - 1 0.5* -_ _ _ _ _ _ I Z 3 4 S Ni 7 a 9 10 #I 12 fI2111flAIMUDhMn z2 U14*I (MLAIWI DIFFERENCE IN DECIBELS BETWEENTWO LEVELS TO SE ADDED VO 4.6-2 Vm-1wam4n,ivLhfuvmamJ FIGURE 4.6 -2 GRAPH FOR SOLVING DECIBEL ADODIION PROBLEMS 60 55 50 S 5- 4 Q * 40 35 30 co :1 25- 20- 30 1 50 I150 1 30 1 50 1701,0012;000 40 100 200 400 600 6900 1000 3000 DISTAMCE Im I IA 4.6- 3TE FIGURE 4.6-3 NOISE LEVEL AT EACH DISTANCE 4.7 SURFACE WATER HYDROLOGY 4.7.1 Construction Period The proposed power plant will be located within EGAT premise, and the existing land uses are office building, residential area, workshop and maintenance buildings. There is no waterways to be initerrupted on site. Moreover water use for construction activities are from 2 EGAT reservoirs with capacity of 3.6 MCM. Therefore, it can be concluded that the project construction activity will not induce negative impacts to natural surface hydrology. 4.7.2 Operation Period Raw water form Khlong Pakasai will be pumped to be used in the cooling system at the rate of 98,496 m3/day 1.14 m3/sec. which may disturb the hydrological regime of Khlong Pakasai. However, the spent water from cooling system will be discharged back to Khlong Pakasai after cooled down to about 34°C at the rate of 68.418 m3/day or 0.79 m3/sec. Then, we can concluded that raw water from Khlong Pakasai will be loss approximately 0.35 m3/sec. Comparing with the minimum flow rate of 80 m3/sec. during the month of January and March the water to be used is approximately 0.44% of minimum rate which is very small fraction. Therefore, during the operation period, the impact on hydrology is considered to be low level. 4.8 SURFACE WATER QUALITY 4.8.1 Construction Period In construction period. wastewater will comprise of the silted surface runoff, wastewater from construction activities, domestic wastewater. For the wastewater from construction activities i.e., water for concrete mixing, water for equipment washing, of ENVIOIS.HDNMAIN-ECHAP4 FR 4-29 which is variable and small quantity will be infitrated on the ground. Domestic wastewater of the workers and construction supervisor will be drained into the sanitary septic tank. In the peak duration, the maximum workers will be about 724 persons which utilize the water for activities about 145 cu.m./day (consumption rate 200 I/person/day). Thus, the wastewater generated from the workers will be approximately 138 cu.m./day (wastewater is 95% of water use; Ministry of Interior, 1982). Therefore, the septic tank should be adequately provided for treating these wastewater. The number of required septic tank can be calculated based on the retention time of septic tank that should not be less than 24 hours or calculated by the number of workers. For the first 80 workers, the septic tank should be provided at least 3 sets, and adding one more set for the additional 50 workers. Thus, for the total 724 workers, the project must provide at least 16 sets of septic tank which resulting in no problems on domestic wastewater drainage and management. The surface runoff with high sediment from silt/sand and residue from construction materials will be drained into drainage channels which will be built around the construction area and then drained into the sump or holding pond with holding capacity of 3 hr. rain for sediment precipitation prior to draining out the clear effluent into Khlong Pakasai. 4.8.2 Operation Period The wastewater from various sources must be treated are as follows; - Wastewater from Thermal Power Plant 68,418 cu.m./day * Sewage Treatment/Thickener 95 * Air Heater Wash Pond/ Waste Water Treatment 105 * Cooling Tower Blowdown 65,630 * Neutralization Basin 188 * Demineralized Water Storage 2,400 - Domestic wastewater from the workers 95 cu.m./day - Surface runoff ENVIOIS HDMAIN-ECHAP4 FR 4 30 (1) Wastewater from Thermal Power Plant The total volume is 68,418 cu.m./day which is mainly from cooling tower blowdown (65,630 cu.m.lday), this is a non-contaminated wastewater. The remaining is from Sewage Treatment/Thickener, Oil Separator, Neutralization Basin and Demineralized Water Storage in the quantity of 2.788 cu.m./day which is already treated. Both of these wastewater will be drained into holding pond and retention pond which have the capacity at least 69,000 cu.m./day for treatment until the quality of effluent is in compliance with Industrial effluent standard. Then the treated wastewater will be discharged into the drainage system and out to Khlong Pakasai. (2) Domestic Wastewater from the Worker Families The additional workers about 500 persons will generate the wastewater approximately 95 cu.m./day which will be drained into the package treatment plant designed' for receiving the wastewater at least 95 cu.m./day. BOD value of treated wastewater will not exceed the domestic effluent standard regulated by OEPP (1995) (maximum allowance 60 mg/i). Thirty five °C of water from cooling tower with the volume of 65,000 m3/d will be drained to the 69,000 m3 pond with 1 day retention time. During the retention time, there will be heat transfer to the atmosphere, and water temperature will be reduced to be approximately 32°C. 4.9 GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY AND QUALITY 4.9.1 Construction Period The foundation excavation may have a short term effect on natural groundwater condition due to a restively small area of disturbances. The excavation of plant foundation may temporarily lower the groundwater level in the nearby area. However. the effect is not significant as the water level will recover to the original level soon after the excavation is backfield. The new ash pond will not be constructed because the old mine pit near Ban Khlong Wai Lek will be used for this purpose. ENV1018.HD.MAIN.EICHAP4 FR Groundwater contaminants from domestic wastewater is not foreseen because the sanitary latrines will be installed at all camps with adequate distance from the waterways and wells, thus, any impacts on this aspect is not expected. The groundwater hydrology will not be altered because no groundwater will be extracted during project development. 4.9.2 Operation Period During this phase of the project, groundwater will not be used as water source, thus, no impact on groundwater hydrology will occur. The wastewater, domestic and process types, will be treated to meet MOI standard prior to discharge into common channel and drained to Khlong Pakasai, therefore, the impact on groundwater is not expected. Concerning the leachate from ash and gypsum pit, it is proposed that such waste of about 390-670 tonne/day (25 % moisture) will be disposed of in the old mine pit with capacity of 10 MCM. This pit is about 1 km. from Khlong Pakasai with groundwater flow in the east-west direction towards Khlong Pakasai. Between the old mine pit and Khlong Pakasai, there is not groundwater well and leachate from gypsum and ash disposed should has impact only on hardness of the water. Therefore, the impact on groundwater is not significant. 4.10 AQUATIC ECOLOGY/FISHERIES 4.10.1 Construction Period Site clearing and some earthwork for pile setting and foundation construction may induce water turbidity during rainy season and drain into Khlong Pakasai which may result in some adverse effects. ENV1018 HD MAIN-E CHAP4 FR 4-32 There are grasses growing around the construction site of about 600 rai and also the plant located about 300 m away from river bank. some colloidai and soil particles are expected to settle down and trapped by grass filtration then flow down to the Khlong, the water may become clearer and less impact to aquatic animals particularly on fishes. Plankton has the very short life cycle, hence, the effect will be low. Benthos is normally moved very slowly, there may receive some negative impacts particular at the turbid water receiving point and the direct habitat cover up. Fish can move and stay away from such condition, therefore, the adverse impact will be relatively low. 4.10.2 Operation Period During operation of power plant generator, 1.14 cu.m./sec. of water from Khlong Pakasai will be pumped up and used in cooling system which induce a rather high water temperature as such all zooplankton may die and some of phytoplankton may be destroyed, it was reported that 75% remain alive after passing through the cooling system. Due to their very short life cycle, the effect may be very small. Young fish may occasionally go in with the water mass that pumped up and then killed. The area where the proposed intake to be located can be identified as transition zone, therefore, fishes and other aquatic animals were in low density excepted those brackish water species. Expected negative impact is rather low. Discharged water temperature is high but after use it will be stored in holding pond until the water temperature decrease down to about 32°C then release into Khlong Pakasai. It is expected that there will be no negative impact on aquatic animals, if any, will be on those staying close to the discharge point. E4-33 ENVIOIS8HDMIAIN.E.CHAP4 FR 4.11 TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY 4.11.1 Construction Period (1) Mangrove Forest The construction area will be in the existing power plant area. not in the mangrove forest area, the direct impact are not found and there were no report of damages to the plants or mangrove forest by the pollutants from previous Krabi power plant. (2) Wildlife The impact on the wildlife resource during the construction phase here can be expressed by degrees of impacts that likely to occur from the project implementation on 3 wildlife groups and their respective responses to such adversed impacts. (a) Adaptable Species Those wildlife species have high adaptability to the changing environmental conditions, and, the project activities do not cause any declines in the normal populations and the shrinkages of the local distributions. Also included, are those wild animals known to inhabit the surrounding project areas. (b) Advantageous Species Those highly-adaptable wildlife species can survive well in the changed environmental conditions, and, the various project activities also enhance the increments of the populations and the enlargements of the distributions, including their preferred habitats and ecological niches becoming better in overall conditions. (c) Disadvantageous Species Those having low adaptability to changing environmental conditions. A particular project activity may affect the wildlife species thus resulting in lowering of local population numbers, in the shrinkages of the distributions, and in worsening their required ecological habitat conditions, or, affecting their basic needs. In addition. some of the project activities may create more severities, directly or indirectly. to the already-existing problems. EN% 1018.HD NtAIN-E.CHAP4 FR From the study results, all of the wildlife animals are adaptable species, due to the past experience during the 30 years of Lignite Power Plant which was already invisaged, there were no report of the impact to wildlife animals. The 15 adaptable mammal species can survive in these habitat conditions, such as Crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis), Smooth coated indian after (Lutrogale perspicillata), Common tree shew (Tupaia minor), etc. The 56 adaptable bird species are mainly those which not only being highly-adaptable to changing environmental conditions, but also possessing the power of flying so capabling to escape from almost all undesirable effects such as. Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis), Barn swallow (Hirundo rustica), Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus), etc. The 22 adaptable reptile species, that can adjust themselves well to changing environmental conditions. They are usually neglected small animals, such as the Common house gecko (Hemidaetylus garnotii), Garden lizard (Calotes mystaceus), Water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator), etc. The 5 adaptable species are mainly small size animals living on the ground floor or around the water bodies, such as Common black-spined toad (Bufo melanostictus), Lowland frog (Rana rugulosa), Bull frog (Kaloula pulchra), etc. 4.11.2 Operation Periods (1) Mangrove Forest During the operation period about 25 years, the impact from the air pollution on the mangrove forest are not expected for or insignificant due to the past experience during the 30 years of Lignite Power Plant which was already invisaged. There were no report of damage to plants or mangrove forest by SO2. In addition. EGAT will use low sulfur oil (2%S) as main source of fuel with wet scrubbing process. Thus, SO, will be reduced by 80%. With all these circumstances. the impact on forestry resources is anticipated to be insignificant. 4-35 EN%'10)18HD MAIN-E;CHAP4 FR (2) Wildlife After construction period, the wildlife can be living in their previous habitats which they have been living before because the actual construction site will be only about 600 rai and not adjacent to mangrove area, thus, the impact on the wildlife anirnals in operation period are not found. 4.12 LAND USES/AGRICULTURE 4.12.1 Construction Period The land use survey of the area within the 5 km. radius of the Krabi thermal power plant illustrated that the area are mainly used for agricultural purposes, with some parts being left idle, some parts remain as mangrove forest (degraded and nondegraded), and some areas are village sites, such as Ban Tung Sakorn, Ban Khlong Khanan, Ban Khlong Mark, Ban Khlong Wai Lek. During construction period, there will be no direct impact because the site will be within EGAT property. However, there may be indirect impact caused by shifting of labour from agricultural sector to construction work. 4.12.2 Operation Period According to the plan, the thermal power plants will be completed in January 2000 and March 2002 respectively. The plants use about 2.628 million litres/day of low sulphur content (2%) petroleun and emit S02, NOx, CO and suspended particulate. The Krabi thermal power plant will be equipped with Flue Gas Desulfurization system by using limestone (CaCO3) with 80% efficiency. Gypsum will be got as by-product. Besides 20% of SO, emitted into the air there will be also low level of CO and NOx. ENVIOM8,HDAMAIN-ECHAP4 FR 4-36 However, the assessment on air quality indicated that the SO2 level will be relatively low in comparison with ambient air quality standard. In addition, the dominant plant species in the project area can stand the acidic soil, e.g., para rubber, palm oil. Thus, the expected impact is relatively low. This area also face the operation of old Krabi power plant for 30 years without serious land use alteration. Wet FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurization System) with 80% of efficiency will be installed to reduce the SO2 emission to be the limit of standard, therefore the soil irnpact in terms of acid rain is not foreseen. Furthermore, trees planted in the project site such as rubber, palm oil and pineapple can survive in the soil with pH < 7. Thus, the impacts on soil and agriculture due to project operation are non significant. 4.12.3 Recommendation for Improvement of Land Use Pattern of the Power Plant To improve land use pattern of the area, it is recommended that the following changes should be made: (Table 4.12-1, Figure 4.4-1) (1) The old ash pit adjacent to Khlong Pakasai should be used for office building site and area for expansion of office building. (2) The botanic garden should be rehabilitated as recreation area for the project staffs and local people. The recreation area in the north of the reservoirs should be improved. (3) Fast growing trees such as Acacia mangium etc, should be planted around the water body. (4) Weeding, manuring, etc should be given to para rubber plantation in order to obtain beneficial or at least to improve the scenery of the project area. (5) Recreation area needs better management to attract more players. (6) Reservoir is already in good condition. Khlong Wai Lek pit should be used as an additional reservoir for future demand. (7) Vacant area should be planted with fast growing trees and local plants to prevent land encroachment. 4-37 EN%N0 I9,HD MAIN-E.CHAP4 FR TABLE 4.12-1 LAND USES ON KRABI THERMAL POWER PLANT PROPERTY No. Land Use Cateparv I Present Recommended 1 (Rai) (Rai) 1. ASH Pit 305 2. Recreation Area 176 322 3. Para Rubber Grown on Mine Dumping Mound 97 97 4. Reservior 511 895 5. Khlong Bang mark Pit 207 207 6. Khlog Wai Lek Pit 518 7. Electric Work 150 443 8. Encroached Area 3,304 3.304 9. Idle Land 1.932 1,932 Total 7,200 7,200 E.NVl %192/r.AB412-IXLS 4-38 4.13 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 4.13.1 Construction Period The major types of solid wastes to be generated during the construction period will be domestic waste from the construction camps. Number of workforce at the peak period will be about 724 persons. The solid waste generated from them at the peak period would be approximately 724 kg/day (the average generation rate of solid waste is about 1 kg/person/day). However, the quantity of these wastes will be only for a short period (35 months). In addition, solid waste to be generated during the construction period will be rubbish from construction material. These waste are not hazardous materials and some of them could be used for land leveling such as brick, soil, gravel, sand and rock. The wastes have to be removed and disposed of properly by EGAT. EGAT should ask for dispose solid waste service from Nua Khlong Sanitation District in order to avoid impact from solid waste disposal on the communities in the project vicinity. 4.13.2 Operation Period During the operation period, the operating staff of the Krabi Thermal Power Plant unit 1 and 2 will be 125 persons. The average domestic solid waste generation at the Krabi Thermal Power Plant is estimated at 125 kg/day (the average generation rate of solid wastes is about 1 kg/person/day). The waste will be removed and disposed properly by the Krabi Thermal Power Plant. EGAT should dispose solid waste the service of Nua Khlong Sanitar,y District. Gypsum will be generated from the Krabi Thermal Power Plant unit 1 and 2 operation at the rate of 390-670 ton/day. These by-product will be transported to old mine pit (capacity of 10 MCM) within the project area. The provided area can hold gyTsum for 25 years which will cover the 6perating life of the power plant. 4-39 ENVIOIS.HD MAIN-ECHAP4 FR The waste from water production and wastewater treatment system will be dumped into the old pit within the power plant area. The waste dumping should be conducted according to the regulations of Ministry of Industrys on waste sanitary landfill. For expired resin, it would be prescribed in the contract that the seller must take the expired resin back. If it is necessary the resin would be buried within the old pit which has enough capacity for the whole operating life of the power plant. Thus, the impact on solid waste management due to the Krabi Thermal Power Plant will be none. 4.14 WATER USES 4.14.1 Construction Period Water uses during construction period comprise water for domestic uses of workers, water for concrete mixing, water for cleaning construction equipments, water for spraying upon road surface and construction site to prevent spreading of dust. The expected total volume for each activity can be described as follows: - Water for domestic use of workers: for the peak period there will be 724 workers, the volume of water needed is 145 cubic metres per day (200 litre/person/day, Metcalt and Eddy, 1991). - Water for concrete mixing in construction activity : Total volume of concrete mix will not exceed 100 cubic metres per day. 0.2 cubic metre of water is needed for 1 cubic metre of concrete mix, so, water needed for concrete mixing would not exceed 20 cubic metres per day. - Water for cleaning, concrete maturing and spraying upon road surface; not more than 100 cubic metres per day. 4-40 EN'VIO1S HD MAIN-E.CHAP4 FR During construction period, total volume of water needed would be 265 cubic metres/day or about 79,500 cubic metres/year (300 working days/year). Adding up with existing water consumption of EGAT of 100 cubic metres/day (36,000 cubic metres/year), the volume of water uses would be about 115,500 cubic metre/year. Comparing the demand with the total storage capacity of the 2 EGAT's reservoirs of about 2.2 million cubic metres/year and the total yearly water intake of 2.5 million cubic metres/year, it can be concluded that. There would be plenty of water for project's activities and there would be no impact in this aspect. 4.14.2 Operation Period During operation period, the water uses would be as follows: - Water for domestic use of EGAT staff and their families of about 500 persons (125 staff + their family members, 4 persons/family). Rate of water use is 200 litres/person/day, so, the maximum volume of domestic water use is approximately 100 cubic metres/day. - Water for steam generating system and SO2 elimination system, about 4.485-5,885 cubic metres/day. - Water for cooling system, about 98,496 cubic metres/day. The water for those mentioned activities would be taken from two sources, i.e. water for domestic uses and water for steam generating system will be taken from the 2 EGAT's reservoirs; water for cooling system would be taken from Khlong Pakasai. The water uses during operation period can be described as follows: Water for domestic consumption, 4,585-5,985 cubic metres/day or 1,650.600-2.050,000 cubic metres/year. Adding up with existing domestic water consumption of 100 cubic metres/day or 36,000 cubic metres/year. The total volume of water for domestic consumption during operation period would be 4,685-6,085 cubic metres per day or 1.686.600-2.086,000 cubic metres/year. Comparing the demand with total storage capacity of 2 EGAT's reservoir. of about 2.2 million cubic metres/year and the volume of water intake of about 2.5 million cubic metres/year, it can be concluded that there would be plenty of water for the project's activities and there ENV1018 HDAMAIN-ECHAP4 FR 4-4 1 would be also reserved water of not less than 400,000-500,000 cubic metres for other activities. Although there is adequate amount of water, EGAT should plan for additional source of water for the future such as planning to use Khlong Wai Lek old pit and Bang Pu Dam old pit as additional reservoirs to keep reserved water and to make the landscape more beautiful. Water for cooling system of about 98,496 cubic metres/day would be pumped up from Khlong Pakasai. Combining the volume of water to be pumped up for the power plant (1.14 cubic metre/second) and returned to Khlong Pakasai at 0.79 cu.m./sec or 68,418 m3/d. It can be concluded that the water from Khlong Pakasai will be used only 30,078 m3/d or 0.35 m3/sec. Comparing the volume of water to be pumped up with minimum flow rate of water in Khlong Pakasai at the designated pumping site (80 cubic metres/second), the pumped water would be only 0.44% of the water flow. There would be no impact on other water users. 4.15 POWER AND ELECTRICITY USE 4.15.1 Construction Period The construction activities of the Krabi thermal power plant will require about 3 MW/day of electricity. During 1994-1995, electricity use of King Amphoe Nua Khlong was approximately 15, 311, 651 kW/hr or 367.48 MW/day. For construction period, electricity use of King Amphoe Nua Khlong will increase for 0.82%. In addition, the construction activities are only in short period of 35 months, then the impact would be minor. 4.15.2 Operation Period For the operation period, EGAT will use electricity from Krabi thermal power plant. So the impact will be none. 4-42 ENV1018'HDAMAIN-ECHAP4 FR 4.16 DRAINAGE AND FLOOD CONTROL 4.16.1 Construction Period The project 'location will be within EGAT premise which is already developed as office building, garages and maintenance office. Actually, the size of new power plant is only about 600 rai which need to be totally cleared and prepared for construction activities. During the rainy season, the rain collected on the construction area will be directed to sump with 3 hour capacity and overflow to existing drainage. Channel and empty to Khlong Pakasai. With all of the above circumstances, the impact on drainage and flood is not foreseen. 4.16.2 Operation Period During the operation period, the existing drainage channel in Krabi Power Plant will be in use. The main source of water to be drained out of the project area are mainly treated wastewater and surface runoff. The first item has the volume of 68,418 cu.m./day (65,630 cu.m./day: cooling water, 2,788 cu.m./day: wastewater) which will be drained into holding basin to reduce temperature after treatment and overflow into Khlong Pakasai. These amount of water is about 0.79 cu.m./sec which is about 0.99% of the flow in Khlong Pakasai, thus, it is not likely to cause any impact on drainage. Concerning the power plant site, the area of about 600 rai will be leveled and properly lands caped with the drainage system around the power plant site. In addition, the project area has 2 existing reservoirs on site which will collect the rainwater around the project area, thus, the impact on drainage and flood problems are not foreseen. ENV1018 HD MAIN-E CHAPI FR 4-43 4.17 TRANSPORTATION 4.17.1 Construction Period (1) Land Transportation During the construction period, construction activities will create short- term effects on traffic on the highways, mainly Highway No.4. The major impacts on the traffic will be due to the transport of construction materials, construction workers, machinery and supplies for workers on the site. The major types of vehicles will be passenger cars, light and heavy trucks and motorcycles. Most of the workers will reside within the power plant sites. Therefore, the traffic generation from the workers is not considered as major impact. The traffic volume will be due to the transport of construction materials, machinery and supplies for workers on the site about 20 trips/day via highway No.4 and the route through Krabi Thermal Power Plant. The current traffic volume on highway No.4 was 4,253 vehicles/day. During the peak construction period it will be increased to 4,282 vehicles/day, which is a 0.47 percent increase. It is perceived that the additional traffic volumes to be generated from the construction of the Krabi Thermal Power Plant will be rather low. However, construction activities will create short-term effects (35 month) on traffic on the related highways. Nevertheless, the existing traffic volume on the highway No.4 is quite high especially during the rush hours. Therefore, transportation of construction equipment should be avoided during this time. (2) Navigation During the construction period, construction activities will be conducted only via highway No.4. So there will be no impact on navigation traffic. 4-44 ENN 1018 HD MAIN.E.CHAp4 FR 4.17.2 Operation Period (1) Land Transportation During operation period 125 project staff will live within the project area and area nearby, the additional traffic volume will not be from these staff. Limestone will be transported from Khao Kaeo, King Amphoe Nua Khlong, Changwat Krabi, approximately 15 km on the northwest direction of the Krabi Thermal Power Plant. The 11 tonnes dump truck will be used for transportation purposes for about 19-33 trips/day via highway No.4036 (Figure 2.2-1). From the existing traffic volume and the projection of traffic volume to be increased due to the project development, V/C ratio can be calculated for transportation impact assessment as following: (a) Vehicles are categorized into 8 type Each type has weighting as follows: Type PCE 1. Personal car and taxi 1.0 2. Small size passenger car 1.0 3. Big size passenger car 1.5 4. Small truck 1.3 5. Medium truck 1.5 6. Big truck 1.7 7. Motorcycles 0.3 8. Bicycles, tricycles 0.25 PCU = Passenger Car Unit PCE = Passenger Car Equivalents (b) From V or traffic volume (from PCU/peak hour) V/C Ratio can be calculated and compared with the standard of Traffic Engineering Division which must not exceed 0.8 (80%). (c) According to the prescript of Traffic Engineering Division, Department of Highways, 2-way road with 2 traffic lanes each can bear 2.000 cars/hour. The highway No.4036 is the road of this type, so it can bear 2.000 cars/hour. ENV1018 HD %IAIN-E CHAP4 FR 4-45 (d) It can be assumed that the traffic volume/peak hour is about 10% of the average total traffic volume/day. Type Traffic Volume/day (Vehicles) Traffic Volume/day (PCU) 1 148 148 2 94 94 3 2 3 4 1,185 1,540.5 5 101 151.5 6 67 113.9 7 2,048 614.4 8 42 10.5 Total 3,687 2,675.8 Traffic volume/peak hour (V) = 2,675.8 PCU Existing V/C ration = 2 675.8 x 1Q 2,000 100 = 0.133.8 or 13.38% (e) During the operation period the increased traffic volume due to limestone transportation will be as follows: Increase of truck transport = 19 trips/day (24 hours by 11 ton trucks) - 19xl.7 24 = 1.35 PCU/hour (2,675 x 10 ) + 1.35 V/C Ratio during operation period _ 100 2,000 = 1.345 or 13.45% ENVIO18 HD MAIN-EXCHAP4 FR 4-46 In case the increment of truck transport is 33 trips/day, the traffic volume will be 2.34 PCU/hr and V/C ratio will be 0.1350 or 13.50%. During operation period V/C ratio will increase for 0.07-0.12%. Comparing with the standard values for traffic condition evaluation, it can be concluded that during operation period the traffic will be still convenient.: The expected impact on transportation will be low. However, to avoid accidents, one should be careful. The V/C ratio of highway No.4 and No.4036 in the year 1994 are 0.4767 and 0.1338 respectively. Comparing with the standard values for traffic condition evaluation, it can be concluded that the existing traffic condition of Highway No.4 and No.4036 is still convenient and very convenient respectively (Table 4.17-1). The 2 highways can still bear slightly increased traffic volume due to the project development. TABLE 4.17-1 EVALUATED VALUES ACCORDING THE TRAFFIC VOLUME RATIO Condition Evaluated Values V/C Ratio Very bad 0-2 0.88-1.00 (88-100%) Bad 2-4 0.67-0.88 (67-88%) Fair 4-6 0.52-0.67 (52-67%) Good 6-8 0.36-0.52 (36-52%) Excellent 8-10 0.20-0.36 (20-36%) Source: Phaophong. Nilchan Phansri. 1991 4-47 (2) Navigation For operation period, fuel transportation from Khlong Siboya to the Krabi Thermal Power Plant via Khlong Pakasai by using 1,000 tonnage barge about 4 trips/day. The fuel will be transported through EGAT newly developed jetty). Laem Kruat port is the nearest port to the proposed new jetty. Traffic volume of fishing boats at Laem Kruat port is 25-30 vessels/day. And traffic volume of passenger boat is 20-30 vessels/day. The additional volume to share the channel is about 6.67-8.89 percent of the present navigation traffic. It is considered that during the operation period the impact on navigation traffic will be minor. This increasing number of vessels will cause no impact on Laem Kruat port because this project has its own jetty for unloading fuel. Concerning on suitability for using water transportation to transport heavy equipment, it is found that the months with the lowest water level at the intake point are during January to April (Table 4.17-2). The cross section of Khlong Pakasai at the intake point is uneven with curve shape as shown in Figure 3.7-3. Thus, water transportation should be avoided during those low water months. Otherwise this problem can be solved by dredging the Khlong. 4.18 SOCIO-ECONOMIC 4.18.1 Construction Period (1) Positive Impact (a) Increase job opportunity in the past the villagers worked for the power plant. when it out of commission they lost the jobs. The future implementation of the plant thus cause positive impact in terms of new employment. (b) Higher income due to new job opining. ENV1018.HD,MAIN-E.CHAP4 FR 4-48 TABLE 4.17.2 WATERLE'v'ELAXTL T r'TNA POI NTQF THE KRARI POWVER PLANT, 1996 Month Water Level (MSL) January -0.25 February -0.37 March -0.28 April -0.28 May 0.01 June -0.08 July -0.03 August 0 September -0.02 October 0.05 November -0.08 December -0.19 ENvJoM1119'rT¾B4r2 ,-'iLS449 (c) Increase in diversification of occupation e.g. the morning market induces service sector, more purchasing power, more demand in goods which enhance the supplementary incomes for villagers. (2) Negative Impact (a) During construction period, the impacts from dust, noise, or truck can cause inconvenience. (b) Accidents due to the vehicle and heavy equipment. 4.18.2 Operation Period (1) Positive Impact (a) The project would induce higher quality of life, the employment would generate higher income, i.e. higher purchasing power to consume or to reach demand in living standard, especially in basic need. The project itself can also induce the better standard of service sector e.g. education and health service. (b) The power plant can induce investment in the area, resulting in growth of community. (c) transformation of the life style and living standard of the agricultural society to modem society, industry society due to the trading and production process in the power plant as so called "function specialization of the industry system". It leads to the new attitude, skill and way of life. (d) Other group of people who do not joint the work process in the plant directly can also have skill in other service sector induced. (2) Negative Inpact (a) The urbanization and development model may sometime be against the traditional norm, way of thinking which can lead to stress, conflict, uneasy in way of life of the people. (b) Social problem may arise due to the newcomer who present the different culture to the local. (c) In the long run if the standard in controlling environment impact is reduced, it would effect the society. ENVI0IS HD NIAIN-E CHAP4 FR 4-50 4.19 PUBLIC HEALTH 4.19.1 Construction Period Potential problems are malarial outbreak among workers who may immigrate from nearby provinces and may habour malarial infection or be receptive to endemic malaria. Sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS may also increase since usually workers may not bring their families with them. Diseases as a results of poor sanitation of worker's camp such as diarrhoea, dysentery, food poisoning and hepatitis as well as diseases of the respiratory system can spread. Workers from the northeast may spread Opisthiasis and contract filariasis. Problems of work accidents or injuries due to lack of mechanic skill or over workload can be foreseen. The public may face increased vehicle accidents as the number of vehicle is increased every year and drivers may be careless or not familiar with local transportation and roads. Besides, the transportation may produce more dust or noise that disturb local communities. The problem of waste and rubbish caused by workers may aggravate existing gastrointestinal diseases. 4.19.2 Operation Period The important effect is the hazard caused by fuel combustion for example, emitted SO,, NOx, particulates, and exhaust even though 80% of SO2 has been desulfurised. The effect may be serious in villages located within 5 km around the plant especially in NE or SW directions. It is expected that the magnitudes of respiratory diseases, burning nose, sore throat. cough, difficult breathing, asthma especially in the young and old people. skin disease, sore eyes or injected eyes in working population and other allergic diseases may increase. The short term effect of exhaust, smoke and particulates are uncleanliness of houses. clothes, vegetable, and water that cause nuisance or make vegetable not eatable. However, its long term effect is yet unknown and needs further monitoring program. ENVIt)IŽ.HDN fAJN-E,CHAP4 FR 4-5 1 The loud noise particularly during the clearing of the stack will not cause serious harmful effect except nuisance. More navigation and road traffic is expected and may affect the existing traffic and induce more accident. 4.20 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY 4.20.1 Construction Period The important problem is work injuries or accidents particularly among the unskilled workers or poor physical labours, or workers who consume alcohol or abuse substances. Violence is also predicted since workers have different cultural backgrounds. Common injuries found are falling, cut or stabbed wounds, blunt injuries and vehicle accidents. These are mainly due to human error rather than mechanical problem. Avoiding to use protective devices is common. Besides, workers may face problems of diarrhoea, hepatitis, venereal diseases and AIDS. 4.20.2 Operation Period The chronic effects like problems of hearing seeing, heat, deteriorated lung function, skin disease, allergy and musculoskeletal system are utmost important. There are the results of chronic exposure and negligence of workers. Particular problems are common among certain workers who face particular risks. Common illnesses are falling, burns. exposure. or inhalation of chemicals, traffic accident and wounds. The main cause is human error. The analysis of outpatient's record of 1,700 people attending the plant's medical unit in fiscal year 1995 revealed that the rates per 100,000 population per year were as follow: diseases of the respiratory system 272,000, diseases of the digestive system 96,470.6. diseases of the musculoskeletal system 68,705.8, skin disease ENN1018 HD,.MAIN-E;CHAP4 FR 4-52 50,823.6, unclassified 40,000.0, eye disease 12,941.2, ear disease 3,529.4, transport accident 2,823.6, work accident 470.6, and occupational disease nil. Special occupational tests for risk group showed 24 abnormal lung capacity in 218 examined, none had lead or manganese higher than standard level in 6 and 29 examined. 4.21 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL VALUES The archaeological sites in the study area are located at Ko Mo, Ko Lok and Ban Phela about 5.5-13 km away from the project site. Thus the project activities both during construction and operation periods would not cause any impact on those archaeological sites. 4.22 AESTHETICS AND TOURISM Most of aesthetic sites and famous tourist attractions are located at least 20 km away from the project site except for Ko Daeng (12 km from the project site). Routes for transportation of construction materials are not access roads to the tourist sites. Moreover the project site is surrounded by mangroves and rubber plantation, the plant will not be perceived from nearby road and highways. There would be no impact on tourist attractions and transportation network. Since the new thermal power plant will be built within EGAT's premise near the old power plant, the local people have been familiar with the view of power plant for more than 30 years, the visual impact can be considered as not significant. Results of field surveys through out the study area indicate that old mnine and some other area of EGAT possess some potential for developing to be tourist attraction, sport centre and recreation areas. This will be advantages for EGAT staff and local people in surrounding conmmunities. ENV1019 HD MAIN-E.CHAP4 FR 4-53 4.23 PUBLIC RELATION 4.23.1 Construction Period (1) Because of the public awareness of the project and expectation of EGAT's hiring local people to work in the construction of Krabi Electric Plant, it is therefore important for EGAT to seriously hiring local workers as the first priority. This will create good image of the project and at the same time reduce dissatisfaction of the local people to the project existence resulting in better public relations. (2) The other negative impact during the construction is the worries that land would be appropriated for using as new power plant or for expanding of lignite mine in case of using lignite as a fuel for the electric plant particulary at Ban Khlong Wai Lek. (3) It was reported that during the first year of the construction about 50 percent of housing in EGAT premise would be demolished. This will reduce the Tambon council's income derived from housing tax considerably which reduce the chance for local development fund of Tambon Khlong Khanan. (4) Local community have had experiences about increasing dust from previous construction work and people still feel bad about it. If this problems is not resolved early, it will affect public relation work and the project operation eventually. 4.23.2 Operation Period (1) When the new power plant is in operation, some groups of people expect to be recruited. They are former employees of Krabi Power Plant who resigned because did not want to be transferred to other provinces and the ones approaching retirement age. In addition, local people and their younger relatives who are qualified to work for the new power plant also expect to be considered for the position in the new plant. This should be seriously considered by EGAT. Otherwise it will affect the public relation program and also the project operation. ENO'1018,HD.MAIN-E,'CHAP4 FR (2) Various people and organizations in Krabi are concerned about oil loading barge passing through Khlong Pakasai, the water in this Khiong still is in good condition suitable for aquatic animals to inhabitant. This condition may be affected if oil leakage from the barge happened. Those who voice this concern including provincial officials and NGO. Most of them want to see Krabi maintain it's natural purity to attract tourists who are interested in Eco-tourism. EGAT, therefore, should prevent this serious accident at all cost. (3) Local people are expecting to receive helps and community participation to develop community and upgrade quality of life as previously from the old power plant. If there are changes in this policy, it will certainly affect people feeling and attitude toward the project and EGAT. It is also noted that there were previous experiences from negative impacts deriving from the operation of the old power plant (detail in 3.21.3), if no substantial improvement is taken, the PR work in the future and consequently the operation and image of the project and EGAT will definitely be affected. 4-55 ENSVIOSHDUMAIN-ECHAP4 FR CHAPTER 5 MITIGATION MEASURES 5.1 INTRODUCTION The assessments of probable effects of the construction and operation of Krabi Thermal Power Plant have been discussed in detail in Chapter 4. In this chapter, the mitigation actions are carried out and appropriate recommendations are made to alleviate the significant adverse impacts identified (see Table 5.1-1). The analysis and recommendations are made for the construction and operation periods. 5.2 GEOLOGY 5.2.1 Operation Period 5.2.1.1 Raw Material (1) For blasting process, it should be carried out by means of correct techniques. the quantity of AN-FO pressing should be considered. The apparatus for drilling should be used instead of primary blasting. (2) The time for blasting should be fixed once a day for example at 16.30 pm. and should publish to the communities prior to the actual process. The alarm should be used to declare before blasting. (3) Limit the explosive material volume. ENN1018. HDMAIN-ECHAP5 FR 5-1 5.3 SOIL AND SOIL QUALITY 5.3.1 Construction Period (1) Ground clearance for construction of power plant should limited to minimize disturbance on the soil profiles as much as possible. (2) Conduct major construction activities during dry season. 5.3.2 Operation Period (1) The remaining trees as well as under growth around the site will serve as a good ground cover on the soil surface and thus decrease soil loss in the consecutive years. (2) Using soil conservation measures such as vegetation cover would help decreasing soil loss accordingly. (3) Using reclamation plant to improve land quality of Gypsum Dumping Area. 5.4 AIR QUALITY 5.4.1 Construction Period In order to minimize fugitive dust resulting from site operation, site clearing, site grading, etc. which may mainly create some impact on residential area in vicinity the project site. The following measures must be practised: (1) Spray water on the cleared surface twice daily by using water from Khlong Pakasai. (2) Limit the travelling speed within the construction site at 30 km/hr. ENV1018,HD,'MA1N-EJCHAP5 FR 5-2 (3) Inspect the heavy machineries monthly to minimize any pollutants from exhausted gas. (4) Wash the wheel of the truck before leaving construction site. (5) Avoid boring solid waste. (6) Cover the truck with canvas to reduce dust, sand blowing. 5.4.2 Operation Period (1) Power Plant (a) Stach will be at least 150 m. high. (b) Properly design FGD system to suit the operation practice and fuel type. (c) Maintenance and logging of downtime of FGD and dust suppressing equipments including EP. This requires continuous emission monitoring system (CEM) at the stacks. (d) Control emission from the power plant according to the standard below. Type of Fuel Pollutants Coal Oil Gas Sulfur dioxide (SO2) (ppm) Power Plant Size > 500 MW 320 320 20 300 - 500 MW 450 450 20 < 300 MW 640 640 20 Oxide of Nitrogen (NO2) 350 180 120 (ppm) Parriculates (mg/m3) 120 120 60 Remark: Reference Condition is 25 degree Celsius at 1 atm or 760 mm Hg Excess Air at 50 % or Excess °2 at 7 % Source: A Directive by Department of Pollution Control (May 1995) ENVIO18.HD MAIN-ECHAP5 FR 5-3 (2) Crushing Process Dust to be generated from grinding and crushing will be controled by water spraying. 5.5 NOISE 5.5.1 Construction Period From the result of study about construction noise generated from construction site, the possible impact is the nearby EGAT communities, then to solve or mitigate noise problem, the contractor should concentrate on the following activities. (1) The construction works should be assigned only during the daytime particularly the activities that generate loud noise. (2) For some activities which is necessary to work in the nighttime, only the construction practice with minimum noise level should be done. (3) Noise source should be modified to reduce its noise output for example the equipments or machineries must be maintained regularly. (4) For the areas with high noise level, the personal protective equipments should be provided for the workers. (5) In case of unavoiding the generated loud noise, the temporary barriers should be considered to reduce noise level transmitting to the residents at EGAT communities. 5.5.2 Operation Period Since the noise control system for proposed Krabi power plant is employed and can be indicated that the noise level at 122 m from noise source will not exceed 54 dB(A). therefore the impact on noise pollution due to project operation is negligible. However, the working areas with loud noise, the personal protective equipment such as ENVIQIS HD NAIN-E:CHAP5 FR 5-4 ear plug should be provided for staffs. Ear plugs may provide noise reductions ranging from 15 to 35 dB, and they will be effective only if they are properly fitted by medical personal. It should be noted that protective ear devices do interfere with speech communication and can be hazard in some situations. In general to reduce noise level from the source, the important one is the process of design. The followings are the possible mitigation measures for noise reduction. - Reduce the weight, size, or height of fall of the impacting mass. - Cushion the impact by inserting a layer of shock-absorbing material between the impacting surfaces. The object for this is to reduce the transmission of impact energy to other parts of the machine. - Whenever practical, one of the impact surfaces should be made of non- metallic material to reduce resonance. - Substitute the application of a small impact force over a long time period for a large force over a short period to achieve the same result. - Fans, impellers, turbines should be operated at the lowest blade tip speeds that will still meet job needs. Use large-diameter, low-speed fans rather than small-diameter, high-speed units for quiet operation. - Centrifugal squirrel-cage type fans are less noisy than vane axial or propeller type fans, all other factors being equal. - In air ventilation systems, a 50 percent reduction in the speed of the air flow may lower the noise output by 10 to 20 dB. - Reducing friction between rotating, sliding, or moving parts in mechanical systems frequently results in smoother operation and lower noise output. In order to protect noise disturbance around project site especially the community areas due to the blasting of lime mining. The followings are the mitigation measures for noise pollution. ENV1O18.HD.MAIN-E,CHAP5 FR 5-5 (1) Personal ear-muffs should be provided for the staffs who work in the loud noise areas. (2) The time for blasting should publicized to the communities. The alarm should be used to declare before blasting. 5.6 SURFACE WATER QUALITY 5.6.1 Construction Period (1) Construct temporary sump to collect surface runoff from construction site prior to overflow into existing drainage channel and Khlong Pakasai. This sump should have the holding capacity of 3 hour. (2) Install septic system with adequate number for all workers (in case that there are 724 workers the septic system should be at least 16 sets). (3) The septic system has to be at least 50 m. from the waterway. (4) Construct simple oil/grease trap for the wastewater from construction camp, e.g., domestic water and wastewater from kitchen. 5.6.2 Operation Period (1) Regularly check the performance of wastewater treatment system. (2) Install septic systems adequately for EGAT staff and families. (3) Drain cooling water into holding pond after treatment to reduce temperature to 32°C before overflow into Khlong Pakasai. EN%'1018;HD,MAIN-E;CHAP5 FR 5-6 5.7 GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY AND QUALITY 5.7.1 Construction Period (1) No groundwater extraction for project usage. 5.7.2 Operation Period (1) The proper disposal method for the sludge beds is recommended to reduce the effect on groundwater quality in the adjacent area. (2) As the water from the waste disposal area may percolate into the groundwater system, it is recommended that the creation of barriers would be the method to conserve groundwater resources. The infiltration barriers may include lining the pit bottom with compacted clay blanket or geo-membranes to reduce the risk of groundwater pollution. 5.8 AQUATIC ECOLOGY/FISHERIES 5.8.1 Construction Period To prevent turbid water running down to Khlong Pakasai, sediment pond to hold the water for at least 3 hours prior discharges is necessary. In case of temporary office and housing constructed for the purposes, all solid wastes both organic and inorganic should be gathered separately then sold for recycled and burned or buried as reasonably considered. As for waste water, it should be passed through septic tank prior to discharge or to be used for watering any herbaceous or vegetables. Latrine should be constructed at least 50 m far away from river bank to reduce water pollution seepage. ENVIOM8,HDAMAIN-E.CHAP5 FR 5-7 As for workers those staying in temporary houses provided, due to its location closes to the khlong, hence, using of illegal fishing gear should be prohibited. 5.8.2 Operation Period During running the engine, water of approximately 98,496 cu.m./day must be pumped from Khlong Pakasai for use in the cooling tower system, some plankton organisms including fish larvae (particularly in the breeding season) might be come up with water mass and may be killed through high water temperature in the system. Since the power plant is located about 6 km upstream of river mouth and is identified as transition zone and rather far from feeding ground of young grouper and some others. The impact of power plant on aquatic animals will be low. As for warm water discharges from the cooling tower system at the outfall structure may store in water holding pond and wait until such waste water temperature decrease to 320C or lower then discharge. This water temperature level does not have any seriously effect to some fish and shrimp species as reported by Tarnchalanukit, et al (1987) and Tarnchalanukit (1981). Direct effect may occur particularly at the water receiving area, zooplankton may prefer warmer water but not expose to strong sun as reported by previous studied. As found at the outfall of Bang Pakong Power Plant, the young fish and shrimps were very abundant at the water receiving zone because of its high density of both alive and newly dead organisms. Expected this phenomenon may occur at Krabi Thermal Power Plant as well. ENVIO8.HD'MAIN-ECHAP FR 5-8 5.9 TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY 5.9.1 Construction Period (1) Wildlife - The responsible agency must cooperate and issue strict rules to ban all type of hunting in the project area and vicinity, with strong enforcement. 5.9.2 Operation Periods (1) Wildlife - To investigate illegal wildlife hunting. Establish strict disciplines and a group of staff to take care of thus natter. 5.10 LAND USE/AGRICULTURE 5.10.1 Construction Period Limit the construction area and related facilities, e.g., construction camp to be within EGAT premise. 5.10.2 Operation Period (1) Gypsum is useful for agricultural purposes, it can be used as the substance for irnproving soil structure. It can also be used for construction and should be dumped in the area from which it can be easily got for use. (2) Solid waste will be disposed properly. ENVIOI8HD NIAIN-E.CHAP5 FR 5-9 5.11 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 5.11.1 Construction Period (1) Dumping in the Khlong Pakasai and EGAT's reservoirs should be strictly prohibited. (2) Burning of waste material will not be allowed on site. (3) Solid waste in the construction site will be handled correctly and properly. 5.11.2 Operation Period (1) Dumping in the Khlong Pakasai and reservoirs should be strictly prohibited. (2) Burning of waste material will not be allowed on site. (3) Solid wastes in the operation site will be handled correctly and properly. (4) Khlong Bang Mark pit will be used for gypsum dumping site. Trees should be planted around the pit to prevent gypsum dispersion. Waste from water production system and water treatment system will be also dump into old pit within the power plant area in accordance with the regulations on waste landfill of the Ministry of Industry. The used resin will be sent back to the supplier as designated in the contract. If necessary, it can be buried in the power plant area. (5) Waste oil should be mixed with fuel oil of the power plant. (6) Strictly conducting according to the regulations on waste landfill of the Ministry of Industry. (7) Gypsum should be used. ENVIOISHDAMAIN-ECHAP5 FR 5-10 5.12 DRAINAGE AND FLOOD CONTROL 5.12.1 Construction Period (1) Drainage channel, holding pond and concerned activities around the Thermal Power Plant area should be firstly constructed and finished before the other construction activities. (2) Periodically dispose off the sludge/sediment in holding pond for effectively performance of holding pond. (3) The plantation should be simultaneously made in the proposed green area during construction activities. (4) Periodically inspect on water flow direction within construction area and its vicinity especially in rainy season to prevent the obstruction of drainage system. If any obstruction is found, the digging of drainage ditch should be immediately made. 5.13 TRANSPORTATION 5.13.1 Construction Period 5.13.1.1 Land Transportation (1) Vehicle operators should be strictly informed to follow the traffic signs and regulations. (2) Speed limit signs should be posted at appropriate spots within the project area. (3) Record of transportation accidents with the history and details of causes has to be kept for fiurther planning of prevention measures. (4) An emergency response system should be developed. Regular drills in cooperation with police. local fire department and medical services should be held. EN\'1018.HD MAIN-E.CHAP5 FR 5-11 (5) To minimnize traffic congestion and accidents, material transportation should be avoided during the peak hour, i.e., 7.30-8.30 am and 4.00-5.00 pm. (6) Regularly maintain the vehicle conditions. (7) Provide bus services for working to reduce traffic volumes on local roads. (8) Transporting the hazardous wastes have to be conducted strictly in accordance with the concerned regulations. (9) Options of transport should be available and reserved truck should be provided. 5.13.1.2 Navigation During the construction period, construction activities will be conducted via highway No.4. So there will be no mnitigation measures on navigation. 5.13.2 Operation Period 5.13.2.1 Land Transportation (1) Vehicle operators should be strictly informed to follow the traffic signs and regulations. (2) Speed limit signs should be posted at appropriate spots within the project area. (3) Record of transportation accidents with the history and details of causes has to be kept for further planning of prevention measures. (4) An emergency response system should be developed. Regular drills in cooperation with police, local fire department and medical services should be held. (5) Inform local communities about the operation schedule and the increased traffic volume due to the project. (6) To minimize traffic congestion and accidents, material transportation should be avoided during the peak hour, i.e., 7.30-8.30 am and 4.00-5.00 pm. (7) Regularly maintain the vehicle condition. ENV1018.HD,MAIN-E'CHAP FR 5-12 (8) Inform all concerned staff about safe vehicle operations. (9) Transporting the hazardous wastes have to be conducted strictly in accordance with the concerned regulations. (10) Options of transport should be available and reserved truck should be provided. (11) Provide bus services for staff to reduce traffic volumes on local roads. (12) Allocate and maintain the protective gear to concerned personnel in accordance with the work's requirement. 5.13.2.2 Navigation (1) Inform local communities about the operation schedule and the increased navigation traffic volume due to the project. (2) To minimize traffic congestion and accidents, material transportation should be avoided during the peak hour. (3) Regularly maintain the ship condition. (4) Record of transportation accidents with the history and details of causes has to be reported for further planning of prevention measures. (5) Navigation aids programme set up by the IMO (International Maritime Organizations, should be provided in order to eliminate the chances of accidents. (6) Designate the restricted areas where the space entry permits and protective gear is required for entering the particular area, e.g. pier area. (7) Allocate and maintain the protective gear to concerned personnel in accordance with the work's requirements. ENV 1018.HD.hlA1N-E.CHAPS FR 5-13 5.14 SOCIO-ECONOMIC 5.14.1 Construction Period (1) There should be the process to provide important information to the society both by nonnal mean e.g. use every channel to inform the people and in depth measure e.g. to set up personnel contact in order to change the attitude and behavior of the people by various activity such as set up seminar program, group activity, group dynamic program. The information should consist of: - The technical criteria of the plant, its safety process, and its accountability. - The preventive measure for the probable accident. - Training program on the preventive measure mentioned. 5.14.2 Operation Period (1) Maintain process and frequency in public relation. (2) Stress on in depth - public relation measure by linking up more network of local resident. (3) Support the social activity which should induce the good understanding and practice to the unpredictable situation such as training in disaster operation, first aid training program, channel and mean to provide two way communication for warning the situation between state, plant and the villagers. (4) The program for good image of EGAT should be set up e.g. Education fund, select the best student to join and work with the EGAT or at Krabi power plant, agricultural extension service support, support the production process and product marketing of the villager. These program could lead to mutual understanding between the villagers and EGAT. ENV 01S HD MAIN-ECHAP5 FR 5-14 5.15 PUBLIC HEALTH 5.15.1 Construction Period (1) Disease Outbreak Since the possibility of malarial outbreak during the construction period is high therefore, it is necessary to check malarial parasites particulary workers who have fever or come from malarial endemic area. Radical treatment is necessary when the malarial parasites are found. Worker's camp should be sprayed with suitable chemicals every 6 months. Mosquito nets permeated with premethrin should be used. Furthermore, use of mosquito repellant or fire smoke should be added. Malarial prophylactic treatment is not suggested. Blood examination should be done at night so that microfilaria of filariasis could be also detected. Secondly is the problem of diarrhoea and other water/food borne diseases therefore, control measures for food/water sanitation, waste disposal should be strictly employed. Sexually transmitted diseases may also spread among workers and families that require effective health education, condom distribution and checking of brothels in the project area. Health education on AIDS is also necessary. More attention should be paid on opisthorchiasis that workers from the northeast may bring with them and spread it since there may be an intermediate snail host and infected fish in the project area. It is recommended stool examination or mass treatment should be done among workers from the northeast. The contractor should establish a medical care unit equipped with first aid or life saving facilities and cooperate with local health center, subdistrict health office and hospital to provide medical service and prevention or disease control measures. The capacity of the medical care unit at least should meet the requirement of law or regulations. ENNI018,HD'MAIN-E.CHAP5 FR 5-15 (2) Traffic Accident Since more road and water transportation is unavoidable and drivers may come from other places who are not familiar with local traffic or may consume alcohol, abuse substances therefore, it is necessary to check driver's license and behavior as well as to improve road conditions, traffic signs, and check speed limit. Check possible sources of amphetamine distribution. The contractor should seek cooperation from traffic police. (3) Loud Noise and Dust Since the construction and transportation cause loud noise and dust that irritate people therefore, it is necessary to avoid such nuisance, for example the construction should not be done during resting hours. Roads should be sprayed and vehicle speed checked to reduce dust that can aggravate existing respiratory diseases and allergy. 5.15.2 Operation Period (1) Air Quality Control Though acute serious effect of air pollution induced by the project is not obvious but it causes nuisance and illnesses like diseases of the respiratory system, skin disease, allergy and eye problem. The project should inform local community or the public about the effect of air pollution so that mutual understanding can be obtained particularly during seasons that favour respiratory infection. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to control the quality of the air or emission according to the standard. Community should be encouraged to use covers for drinking water container or not to dry clothes in open area, and to learn that eating stained vegetable after washing is not harmful. Emitted material though it is within standard limit, should be analysed and findings be presented to the public. This process can facilitate the operation of the plant. This approach should also cover soil and water pollution or even plant and animal contamination. ENV1018/HD MAIN-E.CHAP5 FR 5-16 Drinking water or water for domestic use should be provided to villages in the dry season. To elucidate the long term effect of air pollution induced by the plant on community health especially respiratory problem, a cohort study should be conducted so that proper mitigation measures could be reached. (2) Community Health Service The construction of King Amphoe Nua Khlong hospital will soon be completed. The Krabi thermal power plant should provide medical and health services to nearby community also. Mobile health service should be regularly scheduled especially during the peak of respiratory diseases. Primary health care volunteers organized and supported by the plant should be deployed and work with government health care system. Other community relation activity should be supported to build good relationship. (3) Accidents Since water and road traffic to transport fuel and lime stone will cause more traffic accident therefore, the project should launch programs to prevent or reduce traffic accidents, for example checking of driver's behavior, improving of road condition and traffic sings or limiting of speed. (4) Public Relations Information on air quality control, traffic accidents, community relation activity, community health services should be publicized. The long term effect of the project development, on community health, economic and quality of life improvement should be presented so that local community, academician and authorities concerned will willingly support the project development and operation. Eventhough SO,, NOx and particulates will be efficiently controled followed the standard. EGAT should distribute the knowledge of impact including mitigation measures to the publics especially in case of the people who are suffering from respiratory system diseases. However, in order to have the confidence to the people about the mitigation measures. EGAT will follow the monitoring programs of public health including the accidents due to the transportation. E.N 1018 HD MIAJN-E.CHAP5 FR 5-17 5.16 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY 5.16.1 Construction Period (1) Preemployment Examination All workers should be checked thoroughly to detect diseases or physical deficiencies for example hearing, visual acuity, colour blindness, and work dexterity for particular workers. Deficiencies found should be corrected. This examination could be performed by the plant's medical personnel with the support of EGAT. (2) Safety Education The concept of "Safety First" should be introduced. New workers should be trained to handle equipment or machine properly and be willing to observe rules and regulations. The senior safety engineer should closely work with a health educator to formulate this plan. The contractor should provide protective or safety devices to all workers adequately. (3) Supervision The senior safety engineer should regularly supervise workers and check equipment/machine or use of protective devices. Consumption of alcohol during work hour and abuse of substances or violence should be tightly control. Any deficiency detected should be corrected or informed. Warning system should be established. Periodic discussion with workers is encouraged. 5.16.2 Operation Period (1) Provision of Health Care The present medical care unit of the plant should be upgraded to meet a standard of 10 bed hospital of the Ministry of Public Health in order to provide primary medical and health care to plant's workers and nearby community. Health records of all workers should be filed and occasionally analysed so that individual's health record could be further used. ENVIOM8,HDMAIN-ECHAP FR 5-18 (2) Control Temperature of Workplace Since atmospheric temperature of some workplace could be higher than suggested that cause harmful effect, therefore, the temperature (WBGT) should be routinely checked. When the temperature is higher than that recommended for particular workload (Table 5.16-1) the temperature should be mechanically adjusted, or workers should further step back from the source or use protective device as recommended by EGAT's guideline for prevention and treatment. (3) Physical Check up at Specified Period and Special Examination for Risk Group Usually EGAT has a clear guideline to meet this purpose. For example routing biennial checkup, lung capacity test, liver-kidney function test, hearing and visual acuity test. The Krabi thermal power plant should follow this line. Besides, post employment checkup should be added. (4) Safety Education, Training and Supervision The medical unit and senior safety engineer should jointly plan serial activities to meet the purpose. (5) Inspection of Hazards Routine inspection of hazards should be done jointly done by health profession, health educator and safety engineer. Inspection at least should cover machine, equipment, use and storage of chemicals. Any thing wrong should be corrected and causes identified. (6) Emergency Plan EGAT and any power plant usually has its emergy plan and actions in case of fire or any mass casualty. The activity plan covers warning system, decision process, joint operation, medical care of victims and public relations to prevent or reduce casualty. This action plan should be revised as necessary and exercises should be periodically performed as usually done. The proposed emergency plan and action is satisfactorily. ENN1O0S1HDAMAIN-E.CHAP5 FR 5-19 (7) Compensation EGAT provide relatively high compensation to every eligible worker and subsidy to any illness or disabled as required by laws. However periodical review of compensation scheme with workers is suggested to avoid conflict. 5.17 AESTHETIC AND TOURISM Since the impact on aesthetic and tourism during construction period is very minimal, mitigation measure for construction period is not recommended. However, within the project site there are many interesting areas which can be developed into tourist attraction spots, for instance, the old mine area, land dumping site and reservoir area, to be developed for water sports, fishing, and etc. for EGAT's employees as well as for local people. EGAT should prepare detailed physical plan to develop those potential aesthetic and tourism areas and develop the area according to the plan during construction period of the project. Moreover, EGAT should develop the project area to be educational tourism site for students. In addition, EGAT should cooperate with government and non-government organizations to disseminate the information about the project. 5.18 PUBLIC RELATION 5.18.1 Construction Period The following measures are recommended: (1) Seriously consider hiring local workers ENV1018;HD.MAWN-E.:CHAP5 FR 5-20 (2) Regularly publicize about the site of the new project (in the old area) including types of fuel to use in the new power plant to reduce worriness and afraid of land appropriation. (3) To minimize the dust problem during construction, the water sprinkling of construction ground periodically should be implemented. In addition, a medical mobile unit should be established to inspect local people's health at least once a year by specialized doctors. This will reduce people's worriness and increase positive image of the project and EGAT. (4) Promoting participation for the development of quality of life of the communities around the power plant's among those in urgent need for development (i.e., villagers always mention about them in every meeting between the project officials and villagers) are the followings: - Development of water sources for drinking and household use (particularly at Ban Huai Sok) in the village pipe water system by using water from Krabi Power Plant source of which villagers confirmed of it's good quality, better than water from digging pond. The proposed village pipe water system can be done in 2 ways; the first by having a distributing pipe within the power plant area and connecting the main pipe to the community erecting the distributing pipe within the conmnunity compound (the land owners adjacent to the water source of Krabi Power Plant are willing to allow using their land for this purpose) and connecting water pipes to various households with the co-operation and participation of villagers, who are willing to work with EGAT in both categories. - Allowing communities' children to use student's buses (the same one which EGAT uses for carrying it's officials' children to and from school) with the same service fees. - Other matter to be carried out during the construction period is coordinating with the Provincial Electric Authority to expand it's service to communities adjacent to the power plant; villazers here often complaint that they lived close to the power plant but did not ENVIOIS HD'MAIN-E CHAP5 FR 5-21 have electricity. These communities are Taling Chan and Sriboya for example. These are for villagers will beings and promoting good quality of life which will result in better co-operating atmosphere and friendly co-existence. 5.18.2 Operation Period (1) Considering of rehiring employees of the old power plant who were out of work and want to work for the new plant. (2) Selecting of local people work in the new plant appropriately. (3) Prevention of possible water pollution from project operation effectively particularly in carry oil in water ways; measures to reduce accidental risks should be strictly enforced to boost public confidence in the project operation. The project should regularly inform the public about these safety measures via local leaders and organizations to prevent people's protest of the project's operation, among local organizations enthusiastic to co-operate in this matter is the Krabi Chamber of Commerce. (4) Supporting and participating in community affairs to suit local development needs following the Tambon Council's 5-year plan. And from the public relation work among local residents and local leaders, it was found that local community would like the project to participate in the following matters: - Local road improvement according to the 5-year plan because at present many roads are laterite producing dust in dry season and mud and holes in rainy season making it difficult for villagers to travel. From 1996 Tambon council's expenditure, 65.2% of it's budget allocated to road construction and improvement (2,112,620 baht), market improvement 6.35% (205,500 baht), loud speakers for every village 2% (64,780 baht). * Plans promoting production, marketing and employment, from the study it was revealed that most community are relatively poor to moderate income lower than the average (from Ko Cho Cho 2 Ko ENVI018.HD MAIN-E.CHAP5 FR 5-22 per capita income lower than 15,000 baht in 1994 at Tambon Khlong Khanan). Increasing people income is therefore important for better quality of life and also for good image of EGAT in public relations by providing supplementary occupations such as growing flowers among members of housewife group (at present flowers being imported from Malaysia or Betong), making broom from local plants, tailoring, sewing, etc. The training of local people for these skills are important for better quality of products before marketing. * Human resource development plan: many communities around the project site need human resource development because their people have low education mostly completing only the compulsory level of primary education resulting in limited choice of employment. Besides most villages lack information centers such as village newspapers stands and library or village loud speaker system. Community participation of EGAT/new power plant in this case is essentially education promotion especially at levels higher than the primary one in forms of donating scholarship, educational equipments and establishment of specialized training center of local community. * Psychological and quality of life improvement plan particularly in the fields of mother and child welfare, environment and Muslim Church improvement (detail in the Tambon 5-year development plan). EN%'1018,HD'MAIN-ECHAP5 FR 5-23 TABLE 5.1-1 StJMMARIZE ENVIRONMENTAI, IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEAStURES FOR KRAIII THERMAL. POWER PLANT PROJECT Environmnental Aspect Period Main Issue for Impact to Environment Mitigation Measures Responsibility 1. Topography Construction - No impact Operation - No impact 2. (ieology/Seismology/ Construction - No impact Minieal Resources Operation - No impact 3. Raw Material Construction - No impact Operation - Using explosion and transportation impact - The time for blasting should be fixed I-GAT on local communities. - Blasting process should be carried out by means of correct techniques. - Limit the explosive material volume 4. Soil and Soil Quality Construction - The impact would mostly occur in the - Avoid disturbing the soil profiles as EGAT construction site due to transportation of much as possible. construction materials and equipments. - Conduct major construction activities Operation - The effects of SO, on soils and plants - Remaining trees as well as under growth EGAT would be mininial or nil. along transmission line - Using soil conservation - Using reclamation plant TABLE 5.1-1 (Cont'd) lEnvirotnientnal Aspect Period Main Issue for Impact to Environment Mitigation Measures Responsibility 5. Ai Quality Construction - Particulate matter and emission from - Spray water on the cleared surface twice daily EGAT engine and vehicles. - Limit the traveling speed within the construction site at 30 km/hr. - Inspect the heavy machineries - Wash the wheel of the truck before learing construction site. - Avoid boring solid waste - Cover the truck with canvas to reduce dust, vt . . sand blowing. Operation - Emission will be mainly from fuel burning - Maintenance and logging downtime of EGAT FGD and dusi suppressing - Stack will be at least 150 mn high. - Properly design FGD system to suit the operation practice and fuel type - Control emission from the power plant according to the standard - Dust from grinding and crushing process - Water injection 1INV IIOI/91,192,'tABiSI I Xt.S TABLE 5.1-1 ((ont'd) l:'.tvir(iitiitenlal Aspect Period Main Issue for Impact to Environment Mitigation Measures Responsibility 6. Noise Construction Consiruction activities - Should be assigned the day time I_GAT Equipments must be maintained regularly - Personal equipment should be provides - Temporary barriers should be considered - for some activities which is necessary to work in the nighttime, with minimize noise level should be done. ut Operation The plant will generate noise level - Personal equipment should be provide EGAT 0' - Explosion, at the limestone quarry Mitigation measures for noise reduction from the source should be provided. - To protect noise disturbance from the blasting of limnestone mining. * Personal ear-mufl should be provided for the staffs. * The time for blasting should pubicized to the communities. The alarm should be used to declare before blasting. TABLE 5.1-1 (Cont'd) Environimental Aspect I'eriod Main Issue for Impact to Environment Mitigation Measures Responsibility 7. Suiface Water Construction - No impact I lydrology Operation - No impact M. Sumface Watem Quality Construction - The construction might be cause the high - Construct temporary sump, capacity of 3 hr. EGAT turbidity and suspended solids to collect surface runoff from construction site - Install septic system to sufficient. - The wastewater treatment plant has to be at least 50 m from the waterway - Construct simple oil/grease trap for the waste- water from construction camp. Operation ligh water temperature of water discharge - Regularly check the performance of wastewater EGAT from tile powea plant treatment system. - Install septic systems adequately for EGAT staff and families. - Drain cooling water into holding pond after treatment to reduce temperature to 32 C or lower 9. (Jioumidwater Hydrology Construction - The foundation excavation will be impact - No groundwater extraction for the project usage EGAT and Quality on groundwater level Operation - Effilent leached from sludge beds and - Proper disposal method for the sludge bed EGAT solid wastes disposal area - Created of barrier to conserve groundwater at the waste disposal area such as lining the pit bottom with compacted clay blanket or geo- membranes. ENV 118/9I1192AABSI I Xl.S TABLE 5.1-1 (Cont'd) EInsironmenlal Aspecl Period Main Issue for Impact to Environment Mitigation Measures Responsibility 10. Aqluatic Fcology Construction - Surface runoff water may become turbid Trapping pond should be constructed EGAT - In case of temporary office and housing constructed should be done: Provide solid waste collectors and separate . Organic solid waste should be gathered separately then sold for recycled. * Latrine should be constructed at least 50 m for away from the river bank. Using of illegal fishing gear should be prohibited. Operation - Warm water from the cooling system - Use cooling tower system EGAT Ut - Plankton organisms and aquatic riimal - Warm water discharge from the cooling system larvae may be sucked may store in water holding pond and wait until to 32 C or low lower then discharge. I1. Terestrial Ecology Construction - Mangrove Forest - Mangrove Forest * No impact - Wildlife Wildlife EGAT * Wildlife animal huniting * Cooperate and issue strict rules to ban all type of hunting. with strong enforcement. Operation - Mangrove Forest - Mangrove Forest * No impact - - Wildlife - Wildlife EGAT * No intpact * To investigate illegal wildlife hunting. Establish strict disciplines and a group of staff to take care of this matter. TABLE 5.1-1 (Cont'd) Environ,nental Aspect 1eriod Main Issue for Inipact to Environment Mitigation Measures Responsibility 12. land Uses/Agricullure Construction - Site clearing, impact on the loss of plant Limited area for workers EGAT production - Dust may effect plant photosynthesis Operation - The expected impact from acid rain on - Solid waste will be disposed properly. EGAT plants is relatively low because the So - Gypsum is useful for improving soil structure. level will be low. - Impact on soil quality from solid waste. 13. Solid Waste Construction - Solid waste will generate from worker - Prohibit dumping solid waste into Khlong EGA1 Management approximately 724 kg/day Pakasai and EGAT's reservoir Prohibit open burning on project site - Properly management of solid waste at project area Operation - Solid waste will generate from staff at - Prohibit dumping solid waste into Khlong EGAT rate at 125 kg/day Pakasai and EGATs reservoir - Gypsum will generated at the rate of 390-670 - Prohibit open buming on project site tons/day - Properly management of solid waste of project - The waste from water production and waste- area. water treatment system. - The used resin will be sent back to the supplier - Waste sesiim as designated in the contract. - Waste oil I:NV IOi'1,1912ft NtSI I Xi S TABLE 5.1-1 (Cont d) Environmienlal Aspect 1Period Main Issue for Impact to Environment Mitigation Measures Responsibility - Waste oil should be mixed with fuel oil of the power plant. - Strictly conducting according to the regulations on landfill of Ministry of Industry. - Gypsum should be used. 14. Water Use Construct - No impact Operation - No impact t O15. Power and Electricity Construct - No iipact o l Jse Operation - No impact 16. Drainage and Flooxd Construction Surface runoff with high sediment from - Drainage channel and holding pond should be EGAT (Contiol silt or sand around construction area. constructed firstly - Periodically dispose off the sludge/sedinment in holding pond. - Simultaneous plantation - Periodically inspect on water flow direction especially in rainy season. Operation - No impact 17. Tranispotrtation Constluction - Traffic volume will increase on the - Strictly infomied to follow tIhe traffic EGAT highiway No.4 at 0.47% signs and regulations. - Provide speed limit sign - Record of transportation accidents TABLE 5.1-1 (Cont'd) Ern'iroiainental Aspect Period Main Issue fur Impact to Environment Mitigation Measures Responsibility - Prepare emergency response system wilh regular drill - Avoid during the peak hour (07.30-08.30 am and 04.00-05.00 pm). - Regularly maintain the vehicles condition - Provide bus services for workers - Transporting the hazardous wastes have be conducted strictly in accordance with the concerned regulation. n O Options of transport should be available and reserved truck should be provided. Operation - The V/C ratio of the highway No. 4036 will Land transportation increase 0.07-0.12%. - Strictly informed to follow the traffic EGAT - Navigation will increasing of traffic signs and regulations. volume about 0.67-8.89% Provide speed limit sign - Record of transportation accidents - Emergency response system with regular drill - Inform local communities about the project operation schedules. - Material transportation should be avoided during the peak hour (07.30-08.30 am and 04.00-05.00 pm). - Regularly maintain the vehicles condition INV 10 I4II$192fPAIIS I Xi S TABLE 5.1-1 (Cont'd) Eiisironimilenlal Aspect 1'eriod Main Issue for Impact to Environment Mitigation Measures Responsibility - Inform all concerned staff about safe vehicle operations - Transporting the hazardous wastes have to be conducted strictly in accordance with the concerned fegulations. - Options of transport should be available and reserved truck should be provided. u-n .- Provide bus services for staff - Provide, personal safety equipment. Naviigation - Inform local communities about the operation schedule and increased traffic volume - Materiel transportation should be avoided during the peak hour - Regularly maintain the ship condition - Record transpoitation accidents - Designate the restricted area and protective gear is required to enter the particular area. - Allocate and maintain the protective gear. - Set up navigation aids programme. TABLE 5.1-1 (Cont'dt) Invironeintlal Aspect Period Main Issue for Implact to Environment Mitigation Mfeasures Responsibility 1. Socio-econonilic Construction - positive Impact To provide information to the local EGAT * Increase job opportunity villagers, consist of: * High income * Technical criteria * Increasing in diversification of * Safety process occupation * Accountability - Negative impact * Present the preventive measure - Inconveniences from dust, noise and truck * Present and setup training program - Accidents due to vehicle and hieavy equipment LAi Operation - Positive Impact - Maintain process and frequency in public relation EGAT * Hligh quality of life - Stress on in depth public relation measure * Iiduce investment - Support the social activity * Transform life style and living - Set up program for godl image of EGAT standard * Otier service sector induced - Negative Impact * Urbanizationi and development niodel may against in way of life * Social problem may arise due to the new comer * It effect society, it the standard in controlling environment impact reduce I:NV ItII '91)92t1 Ali 5 I Xi S TABLE 5.1-1 lCont'd) Eoriironniaental Aspect IPeriod Main Issuie for Impact to Environment Mitigation Measures Respionsibility 19. Puiblic; licalit Construction -Disease or illnesses resulted frorm - se of inmpregniated nmosquito neis and ISGAT unsanitary camip repellents -Problemts of work inijuries and accident - Blood examination Traffic accideitis loud noise, dust, and -Micro f-ilaria of filariasis detected rubbish -Prevention of food/water-bomne disease -Set up a miedical care unit -Driver licence inispection -Iniprove of road condition and traffic signs *Speed limiting -Checking of amphetaminc distribution -L.ound nioise mninimized -Thie outbreak of Malaria. VD and AIDS. - ximine the worker to find the Malaria injection -Provide the chemnicals spreading at the camp site every 6 monthi. Operation -Thec emitted SO,, NO,, particulates and -Air quality control LGAT exhiaust gases are expected to increase [tite Swudy on it effect on comnmunity heath magnitudes of respiratory diseases, skin - Mobile community healthi service disease, allergic diseases. The short termin Public relation program effect of exhaust, smoke and particles are -Traffic control accident uncleanliness of hiouses and clothies that cause niuisance. -Accident fromi transportationl 20. Occulpation tiealthi anid Construction - Disease -All worker examiiined and risk group, EGAT Satiety - injuries and accident special occupation -Corrected of deficiencies founid -Eslablished for wamning system -Safety education - egulai inspection TABLE 5.1-1 (Cont'di Enviroinimiental Aspect Period Main Issue for Impact to Environment Mitigation Measures Responsibility Operation - Chronic Health effects on lung capacity, - Upgrading of or medical care unit EGAT hearing. seeing, heat, skin and musculoskele- - Analysis of employee's health record tal disease - Periodic physical checking - liliess like burns, scaled, wound and Safety education inhalation of volatile chemical - The temperature (WBGT) should be routinely checked, mechanically adjusted or use protective device as recommend by EGATs guideline. ul - Machine inspection tn - Regular exercise of emergency action plan end review 21. Atchaeological and Construction - No impact I listodical Value Operation - No impact 22. Aesthetic anld Tourimtn Construction - Potential for recreatiopntl area and sport The project area should be promoted for: EGAT center - Tourist attraction sports - Educational tourism site - Set up cooperation with govcrnment and non- government organizations. Operation [NVIINNIO/I,IJ}/AItSI- I Xl.S TABI.E 5.1-1 (Cont'd) Enviroinmiental Aspect Plriod Niain Issue for Impact to Environment Miligation Measures Responsibility 23. Public Relation Construction - Public awareness of the project and expec- - LAcal people hiring FGAT tion of EGATs employing local people to - Regularly public work - To reduce worriness - Local peopie suspicion - Increasing positive image - Tambon Khlong Khanan council's income - To minimize tile dust problem will be reduced because soIIIe workers - Establish a medical mobile unit lIousing would be demolished. - Promoting participation for the development of ul - Local people worry about dust pioblem quality of life of the communities. aa )Operation - Some groups of people expect to be - Employees reltearing EGAT admitted to work - Local people selected to work - Various people and organization worry - Prevention of possible water pollution about water quality in Khlong Pakasai - Supporting and participating in - Local people arc expecting to receive community affair and the project should participate helps and participation to develop community in ilte following matter: and upgrade quality of life. * Local road improvement plant * Plans promoting production, marketing and employment. * Human resource development plan * Psychological aind quality of life improvement plan. TABLE 5.18-1 RECOMMENDED rVBGT FOR PARTCULAD WORKLOAD Average WBGT during 2 or more than work hours Workload Low wind speed High wind speed (<300 ft/minute or 90 m/minute) (>S00 ft/minute or 90 m/minute) Light 860 F (300 C) 90. F (32 C) Medium 82 F (280 C) 87 F (31 C) Heavy 790 F (260 C) 840 F (29 C) Source EGAT E.NVI4ThJ2,I4TAB5k,-IX.3 CHAPTIER 6 MONITORING PROGRAMS 6.1 INTRODUCTION In Chapter 5, the mnitigation measures were issued to alleviate the possible impacts from the project. The monitoring program to be proposed in this chapter is the follow-up tool to ensure the effectiveness of the recommended measures. In addition, the data obtained from the monitoring program will be a very useful indicator of the Krabi Thermal Power Plant's pollution control system. EGAT need to strictly implement these monitoring program and issue the monitoring report to OEPP every 6 months (Table 6.1-1, Figures 6.1-1 and 6.1-2). 6.2 AIR QUALITY 6.2.1 Construction Period (1) Parameter - TSP - PM1O (2) Location - Ban Ko Phot (Figure 6.1-1) - Ban Thung Sakhon - Ban Khlong Wai Lek (3) Frequency - Twice a year according to seasonal wind direction. Each sampling station must be conducted for three consecutive days. (4) Methodology - High volume sampler (5) Estimated Expense - 120,000 baht/sampling period. ENV1O18;HD MAIN-EXCHAP6 FR 6-1 6.2.2 Operation Period 6.2.2.1 Emission Air Monitoring (1) Parameter - SO2 -NOx - TSP (2) Location - All major stacks (3) Frequency - Continuous and manual checking once a year. (4) Methodology - Continuous monitoring system according to the prescribed method in the announcement of the Ministry of Science Technology and Environment. (5) Estinated Expense - 5,000,000 baht for installation. - 1,000,000 baht/year, for operation. 6.2.2.2 Ambient Air Monitoring (1) Parameter - 2 (1-hr) - SO2 (24-hr) - NOX - PM10 - TSP - Wind speed and direction (2) Location Continuous air quality monitoring at (Figure 6.1-2) - Ban Ko Phot - Ban Khlong Wai Lek - Rongrian Ban Thung Sakhon (3) Frequency - Each monitoring must be conducted continuously. ENV :'\:8 HD MAIN-ECHAP6 FR 62 (4) Methodology - Continuous monitoring system according to be prescribed method in the announcement of the National Enviromnental Board. - For TSP and PM10, they will be measured twice a year for cruching mill. (5) Estimated Expense - 25 millions baht for installation. - 3 million baht/year for operation. 6.3 NOISE 6.3.1 Construction Period (1) Parameter - Leq (24) - Ldn (2) Location - EGAT power plant (Figure 6.1-1) - Ban Khlong Wai Lek - Ban Ko Phot - Ban Pakasai - Rongrian Ban Thung Sakhon (3) Frequency - Noise monitoring should be carried out at least 3 consecutive days, 1 time during construction period. (4) Methodology - International Standardization (ISO 1996) (5) Estimated Expense - 100,000 Baht/sampling period ENV1018,HD.MAIN-E.CHAP6 FR 6-3 6.3.2 Operation Period (1) Parameter - Leq (24) - Ldn - Lp (2) Location - EGAT power plant (Figure 6.1-2) - Ban Khlong Wai Lek - Ban Ko Phot - Rongrian Ban Thung Sakhon - Working area, cruching mill (3) Frequency - The monitoring should be done for 3 consecutive days every 6 months. For working area and cruching mill, noise monitoring should be carried every 3 months. (4) Methodology - International Standardization (ISO 1996) - Leq, Ldn for communities. - Lp for working area (5) Estimated Expense - 120,000 Baht/sampling period. 6.4 SURFACE WATER QUALITY 6.4.1 Construction Period (1) Parameters - Temperature -pH - Turbidity - Suspended solids - Dissolved oxygen - Total Dissolved Solids EN'\IO1I HD MAIN-E.CHAP6 FR 64 - BOD5 - Oil and grease - Total coliform bacteria - Faecal coliform bacteria (2) Locations - Khlong Pakasai (500 m. upper (Figure 6.1-1) power plant and 500 m downstream from treated wastewater discharge point). - Khlong Phela - 2 EGAT Reservoirs (3) Frequency - Every six months. The sampling periods should be in summer and rainy season. The sampling location should be in the middle of the khlong or reservoir and composted samples should be taken at mid depth. (4) Methodology Parameter Methods of Analysis Temperature Remote Thermometer DO DO meter BOD5 Azide Modification; 20°C, 5 days SS, TDS Non-Filterable residue through glass Fibre filter discs pH pH meter Oil & Grease Soxhlet extraction Turbidity Turbidimeter Coliform Bacteria @ Note: @ Standard Methods for the Examination of Effluent by APHA-AWWA- WPCF. (5) Estimated Expense : - 50,000 baht/sampling period ENO'1018,HD:MAIN-ECHAP6 FR 6-5 6.4.2 Operation Period (1) Parameters - Temperature - Turbidity - Conductivity - Colour -DO - BOD - Total solids - Suspended solids - Total dissolved solids - Alkalinity/Acidity - Total hardness - Bicarbonate - pH - Nitrate - N - Phosphate - P - Sulphate - S - Oil and Grease - Pb - Hg - Cr - Total coliform bacteria - Faecal coliform bacteria (2) Location - Khlong Pakasai (Figure 6.1-2) (500 m upper power plant and 500 m downstream from treated waste water discharge point). - Khlong Phela - 2 EGAT Reservoirs (3) Frequency - Every 6 months ENVI0I,HD. MAIN-ECHAP6 FR 6-6 (4) Methodology Parameter Methods of Analysis Temperature Normal and inverse thermometer Turbidity Turbidimeter (TOA Aquamate) Conductivity Conductivity meter (Beckmann) Color Hazen Scale DO @ BOD Total solids @ Suspended solids Total dissolved solids @ Alkalinity/Acidity @ Total hardness Bicarbonate @ pH pH meter (beckmann) Nitrate - N C Phosphate - P @ Sulphate - S @ Oil & Grease ! Pb, Cr and Hg @ Colifu Bacteria Note: @ Standard Analytical Methods of APHA, AWWA, WPCF and NEB. (5) Estimated Expense : - 65,000 baht/sampling period 6.5 GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY AND GROUNDWATER QUALITY 6.5.1 Construction Period (1) Parameter : - Water level - Colour - Conductivity - Turbidity - pH - Total solids ENVIIS HDAMAIN-E.CHAP6 FR 6-7 - Total Hardness - Nitrogen, Nitrate - Sulfate& - Chloride - Total Iron - Total Manganese - Coliform (2) Location - Ban Ko Phot (Figure 6.1-1) - Ban Huai Sok - Ban Huai Nam Yen - Ban Khlong Wai Lek (3) Frequency - Every 6 month (4) Methodology - Standard analytical method recom- mended by NEB (5) Estimated Expense - 40,000 baht/sampling period 6.5.2 Operation Period (1) Parameter - Water level * Colour - Conductivity - Turbidity - pH - Total solids - Total Hardness - Nitrogen, Nitrate - Sulfate - Chloride - Total Iron - Total Manganese - Coliform ENVIOIS. HDAIAIN-E.CHAP6 FR 6-8 (2) Location : - Ban Ko Phot (Figure 6.1-2) - Ban Huai Sok - Ban Huai Nam Yen - Ban Khlong Wai Lek (3) Frequency - Every 6 month (4) Methodology - Standard analytical method recom- mended by NEB (5) Estimated Expense - 40,000 baht/time 6.6 AQUATIC ECOLOGY 6.6.1 Construction Period (1) Parameter - Plankton - Benthos - Fish (2) Location - Khlong Pakasai (Figure 6.1-1) (500 m. upper power plant and downstream from treated wastewater discharge point) - Khlong Phela (3) Frequency - Every 6 months. The sampling periods should be in summer and rainy season. The sampling location should be in the middle of the Khlong or reservoir and composted samples should be taken at mid depth. ENVIOI,HD MAIN-E CHAP6 FR 6-9 (4) Methodology - Plankton; Samples of planktonic organisms will be collected by using 70 micron mesh size plankton net. The oblique trawling technique will be applied in the collection. The retained planktons will be transferred to a polyethylene bottle and preserved with 4% formalin solution for further identification (Lind, 1979). - Benthos; Benthic organisms will be sampled by dredging bottom sediment with 3 successive grabs of Ekman dredge. Observations will be made on sediment texture and all sediment will be sorted through a series of wire sieves. The retained organisms will be preserved in 4-7% formalin solution for further identification (Lind, 1979). = Fish; Field survey and secondary data collected (if have). (5) Estimated Expense - 40,000 baht/sampling period. 6.6.2 Operation Period (1) Parameter - Plankton - Benthos - Fish (2) Location : Khlong Pakasai (Figure 6.1-2) (500 m. upper power plant and -downstream from treated wastewater discharge point) ENNIOIS;HD MAIN-E.'CHAP6 FR 6-10 - Khlong Phela (3) Frequency - Every 6 months. The sampling periods should be in summer and rainy season. The sampling location should be in the middle of the Khlong or reservoir and composted samples should be taken at mid depth. (4) Methodology - Plankton; Samples of planktonic organisms will be collected by using 70 micron mesh size plankton net. The oblique trawling technique will be applied in the collection. The retained planktons will be transferred to a polyethylene bottle and preserved with 4% fornalin solution for further identification (Lind, 1979). - Benthos; Benthic organisms will be sampled by dredging bottom sediment with 3 successive grabs of Ekman dredge. Observations will be made on sedirnent texture and all sediment will be sorted through a series of wire sieves. The retained organisms will be preserved in 4-7% formalin solution for further identification (Lind, 1979). - Fish; Field survey and secondary data collected (if have). (5) Estimated Expense - 40,000 baht/sampling period. ENA 1018 HD MAIN-E CHAPI6 FR 6-I1 6.7 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 6.7.1 Construction Period (1) Parameter . Type, volume and weight of solid wastes generated from construction activities. - Examine the suitability of solid waste collection facilities and services. (2) Location : The project area (3) Frequency : Weekly records (4) Methodology - Survey and record (5) Estinated Expense - 4,000 baht/time. 6.7.2 Operation Period (1) Parameter - Type, volume and weight of solid wastes from the Krabi proposed project. - Evaluate the suitability of solid waste disposal practice .and collection facilities. (2) Location : The project area (3) Frequency - Weekly records (4) Methodology - Survey and record (5) Estimated Expense - 4,000 baht/time. ENN1)18 HD MAIN-ECHAP6 FR 6-12 6.8 TRANSPORTATION 6.8.1 Construction Period 6.8.1.1 Land Transportation (1) Parameter - Traffic volume and accident. (2) Location - Highway No. 4 (3) Frequency - Monthly report (4) Methodology - Data collection (5) Estimated Expense - 5,000 baht/month. 6.8.2 Operation Period 6.8.2.1 Land Transportation (1) Parameter - Traffic volume and accident. (2) Location - Highway No. 4 (3) Frequency - Every 6 month (4) Methodology - Data collection (5) Estimated Expense - 5,000 baht/month. 6.8.2.2 Navigation (1) Parameter - Traffic volume and accident. (2) Location - Attheport. (3) Frequency - Every 6 month (4) Methodology - Data collection (5) Estimated Expense - 5,000 bahtlmonth. ENV IO&IM HD;MAIN-E.CHAP6 FR 6-13 6.9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC 6.9.1 Construction Period (1) Parameter Socio-economic conditions within construction camp. - Social profile of target village should not lower than 20% of HH in each village (in case of the total HH not more than 1,000 HH/village) or about 10%, if over than 1,000 HH/village. (2) Location : Ban Pakasai (Figure 6.1-1) - Ban Thung Sakhon - Ban Huai Sok - Ban Ko Phot Ban Khlong Wai Lek (3) Frequency : Once a year (4) Methodology - Survey research, observe and interview (5) Estimated Expense - 500 baht/case 6.9.2 Operation Period (1) Parameter Change in income - Change in rate of criminal case - Change in life style from agriculture society to urban society. - Change in the society power structure - Migration both short and long term in the target village - Higher employment - Variety of supplementary occupation ENVIOIS, HD kIAIN-E CHAP FR 6-14 - The change of service and infrastructure - The change in social-enviromnent condition such as high rate of garbage, wastewater. (2) Location - Ban Pakasai (Figure 6.1-2) - Ban Thung Sakhon - Ban Huai Sok - Ban Ko Phot - Ban Khlong Wai Lek (3) Frequency t1S, 3rd, 5th year and every 5 year later (4) Methodology - Survey research, observe and interview (5) Estimated Expense - 500 baht/case 6.10 PUBLIC HEALTH 6.10.1 Construction Period (1) Parameter - There are measures for disease control disease surveillance, inspection of camp sanitation, detection of malarial parasite or organism in stool for suspected cases, mosquito control and mosquito-bite prevention and report of disease surveillance and measures to prevent transport accident. (2) Location - Medical care unit established by contractorAKrabi power plant. - Workplaces ENVIOIS;HDMAIN-ECHAP6 FR 6-15 (3) Frequency Every month for disease control/ surveillance. (4) Methodology - Analysis of surveillance report and accident report. - Check for malarial parasite and stool culture. (5) Estimated Expense - 12,000 baht/year. - 100 baht per head for malarial check/ stool culture. 6.10.2 Operation Period (1) Parameter : Changes of community health particularly respiratory diseases, skin diseases, and cancer. (2) Location : Villages located within 5 km. around the plant including Ban Laem Kruat, Ban Ko Phot, Ban Thung Sakhon, Ban Pakasai, Ban Khlong Khanan, Ban Khlong Siat, Ban Khlong Wai Lek and Ban Huai Sok. (3) Frequency . Analysis of community health status for every first, third and fifty year and then every 5 years. (4) Methodology - Analysis of health data of health centers, community hospital and provincial hospital every 3 years. - Conduct a cohort study in 2 villages for 21 years (5) Estimated Expense - Data analysis 100,000 baht/3 years - Cohort study 200,000 baht/year/2 villages ENV1018 HD MAIN-ECHAP6 FR 6-16 6.11 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY 6.11.1 Construction Period (1) Parameter - Check performance skill and dexterity before employment, training, inspection of safety measures and use of safety device. (2) Location - Medical care unit/Krabi power plant. (3) Frequency - Performance and dexterity test once before employment Routine check or training activities, inspection of machine and use of safety devices. (4) Methodology - General performance and dexterity test - Routine training, safety and equipment inspection. (5) Estimated Expense - 1,000 baht/head for tests/year. * Routine training, safety and equipment inspection is included in operation cost. 6.11.2 Operation Period (1) Parameter - Analysis of worker's health record and perform important organ's function test - Employing of occupational health/safety measures (high noise level, high temperature area), conducting training and exercise of emergency action plan. - Noise level within the power plant area. (2) Location- - Medical care unit and Krabi power plant. ENVIOIS HDAMAIN-ECHAP6 FR 6-17 (3) Frequency : Analysis of health data every 3 years - Investigate performance of occupational health/safety measures every 3 months. - Monitor noise level very 3 months. - Conduct training and emergency drill at least once a year. (4) Methodology - Epidemiological study of health data of workers every 3 years. - Testing organ's function every year. - Routine activities for inspection of safety measures, training and exercise of emergency action plan. (5) Estinated Expense - Epidemiological study 100,000 baht/3 times. - Testing of organ's function 1,000 baht/ person/year 6.12 PUBLIC RELATION 6.12.1 Construction Period (1) Parameter : Following up people's perception, feeling, attitude, opinion, needs and distribute them the progression of the project. (2) Location : Ban Huai Sok (Fieure 6.1-1) - Ban Khlong Mak - Ban Ko Phot - Ban Khlong Wai Lek ENV101S.HD MAA.'-ECHAP6 Fm 6-18 - Ban Pakasai - Ban Thung Prasarn - Ban Thung Sakhon (3) Frequency - Every 4 month (4) Methodology - Interview and information dissemination. (5) Estimated Expense - 40,000 baht/time. 6.12.2 Operation Period (1) Parameter - Following up people's perception, feeling, attitude, opinion, needs and distribute them the information. - Continuously informn the community about environmental monitoring. (2) Location - Ban Huai Sok (Figure 6.1-2) - Ban Khlong Mak - Ban Ko Phot - Ban Khlong Wai Lek - Ban Pakasai - Ban Thung Prasam - Ban Thung Sakhon (3) Frequency - Every 3 month interval particularly during the first year and once a year from the second year and onward. (4) Methodology - Interview and information dissemination. (5) Estimated Expense - 40,000 baht/tirne. EN1018 HDAMAIN-E'CHAP FR 6-19 TABLE 6.1-1 SUMMARIZE MONITORING PROGRAMS FOR KRABI THERMAI, POWER PLANT PROJECT I,t*irunsitmtiital lAspect IPeriod Mldilusing PrugralmliParavneter Location of Munituring/ Frequency Budget Responsible lukervirvwing (Bahl/Year) Ait 4)Q.dily I it unction ISP - Ban Ko l lot MmTice a year - 240,0t(I EliA PM Ilt Rmigrian Bn tllaing Sakhon Ban Khilong Wai Lek (OlPeClton tini-ioon air monitoring All major stacks - Continuous 5 5,(XXKXX) for installation a.id LGAT * SO, I,(ltJJ,t)( for ocialion * NO . *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'I'SI, - Atitbiciit aut mitonilaing Bait Ko Illoi - Continuous 25JltK),l)(l) baWin fr inslallationi * SO), (I-hi) Ban Khlong Wai Ixk - Mannual checking once and 3,tKKl,OtK) bail/year for r SO, (24-lr) - Rongrian Ban Tliung Saklbon a year operation o 0 NO, - ('ruchiig mill (TSP and PM Itl) Twice a year *l SP * wind speed attd direction 2. Nm-ie (Cont ucti I I.ciq (24 lir) - F(AT Poser Plant - atleast 3 consecutive days, - Itl,IKtt) IFGAr laIn - Ban Kblong Wai lck I lintes. - Ban Ko Pihot -Ban Pakasui Roungrianl Bati Tlliuig Sakhlion (Ipertitait leq (24 r) - EGA T Power Plant Conitinuou, noise moonitoritg 25t),tKK) ECAT U trhl - Bait Kliloug Wai txk 3 conseculive lays, - Bail Ko PMet every 6 nionith. Bali Pakasai Bani llitinig Sakihan 1 Ip Wotking area and critlCkiig nu1ll. Every 3 ontlih for wotk- ing area anid crtocing ndll. TABLE 6.1-1 (Coni'd) h msiruma,a l Aspe,t I'rriod Monitoring i'rogFamIPara.neter I_ocatiow uf Nlonitoringl Frequency Budget Responsible lst ervietwing (BahtlYear) Stli.tue WW.cr Qualily Construction - 'leliperaturc - Kbllong Pakasai - every six monwils - iXttXX) EGAT pltt Klitong Phela - 'libidity 2 EGATs Reservoir. Suspended Solids Dissolved Oxygen T 'otal Dissolved Solids - Oil & Grease Total Colilorm Baitegia - Fuecal Colilorni Bacteria I\) t)>ralioli Trenll)rature - Khlong Pakasui - Every 6 months - 13),(iXXI EGAT - T'urbidity KhIlonig Phlla - Conductivity 2 EGATi s Reservoirs -Colour DO * otul Solids Suspenidled Solids .'otal Dissolved Solids - Alk,dinity/Acidity - Tbunt H ardness - Hicanboniute - Niu ate-N TABLE 6.1-1 (Conl'd) k birw...uiit.l Al Apt I Pcriod clNtoilturilg Progriall/Pararneter Letolion o Monitoringl Frequency Budget Responsible Interviewing (BahttYevr) Il'lo'phlale-P -Sodlplwle-S Oil & Grease Pb C (r fig Total l (oli orn1 Bacteria I aecal Colilornm Bacleria 1 (iloiuldwaler lly luology Constilucion Waler Level Ban Ko Piot - every 6 monit, - 8(,(XKI EGAT alnd Qlualiy - Colour - Ban Hluai Sok 0'I( Cndftfivily - Ban lluai Nan Yen t) - 1) - Ban Kihlong Wai Lek - Tolul Solid. Iolal Il1cd1ecs -Nigrote N Sulpllalc - Chlolite - Toll Iron - Tolal Manganece - TolWl Colilorni Bacleria - Fac.al Colifoim Bacleria Operalion Water level Ban Ku Pho1 - every 6 nuonil - Kl),OXtl EGAT ColoUr Ban lluai Sok tolil(llctivity - Ban lluai Nauii Yen - Tuibilily - Ball Klilong Wail A I oloal Solid_ _ I:NS IO11v/l.l 'Žl A11I.l 1l AI TABLE 6.1-1 (Coni'd) hEvironmimental Aspect I'eriod Monitoring ilrogramLParaineter Location of Munitoringt Frequency Budget Responsilble Intervimving (Baht/Year) lldr_ __ _ Nut-ute N Sultate Chloride - FIual Imn T- oal MUngautese lolal (olituimin Bacteria -Tolal (Clilclami Ba-lerio S. Amipia,iv Ecology (CuFbtiiction - Planikton - Kldung Pakasai - Every 6 months MOM(I EGAT tA} ~~~~~~~~~- Btitlihm;s - Khlwmlg Plhela LA) Olperalion Planikton - Khlong PAkaai - Every 6 monthes SttI(XX) EGAT - Bentios - Kilong Plicla Fisliely 6U Solid Waste (onstnriction -I'u ecord solid vaste 'lai - The project area - Weekly record - 192.(XX) EGAT Mantagemnentt * ry1i . Volume * Weightl - Examinie lie suitability of solid waste, collection hfcilioes and servoir oltratliol T 'l Iecoatl solid waste lata: ilile project area - Weekly record - 192,(1X0 E'AT * 'I'Ylh * Volume * Weighlt E-atinie lihe sitlability of solid wuste, collection facilities and service UNVIuII dtMIlf AlI6t1- I X15 TABLE 6.1-1 (Cont'd) 1.nvlruta,u,ctital Aspccl Period NMunitoring ProgranJ/Paratmeler Location of Monitoring/ Frequency Budget Responsible Interviewing (Baht/Yetar) H t.~nsjua talslo ( oustruction (Collct fralliL V0Iote1C fiid a;C1de,, reCoid. Higiway No. 4 oni vicihity te project moinilly report - 6(K)AX) EGAT O)peration Land traunportatioli Land truitvporntion - land transportation iand tiansportation EGAT * C(ollect traffic volume anid accident record. 0 Highway No. 4 * Every 6 montis 0 I lXlXI - Navwgution Navigation Navigation - Navigation * C(ollecl trafric voluine and accitetit record. 0 At tie porn Every 6 niontlis * 1(,XX) ll S-1a eciniolu. (Coniouclion Soio econiomfic condition witiuin - Ban Pakasai - Once a year - 45,(XXI EGAT collsturctiolt camttp ,Ban Tlung Sakhon Social profile o tlargel villages Ban lluai Sok Ban Ko Pliot - Ban KIhlong Wai Lek r\) a 1 a, Operation (liange in incomile ahid rate Ban Ptakusai - I 3 , 5 and every 5 - 50,lXXI EGAT C Change in life style Ban Tlhonig Sakhton yeur later. O Change in tlhe society Ban hluai Sok PR - Ban Ko Phiot - Power structure - Bait Kblhong Wai Lek - Migraioll - lliglier eripluyuietut - Vuiiety of supplementary occupation Cliange of service and irtrastructure I ,,Ik b...I ... ,. S I S TABLE 6.1-1 (Cont'd) isiviroiarimeslFal Asped PeFiod Muniturinig Prograul/Parauteler Loualion of M4onitorlng/ Frequency Budget Responsible Inlervi ewing (BahtfYear) J. Public Itcalill (Costrumtijn Rcl,.it . di case suiveillanrcc uid - Medical case unit eslablishled - Every month- 4tl,(1XX EGAT riucasiurc, to plieveilt tiallsupol accideit by contraclr/Kiubi power palnt Operi.on - Aralysi, of cunIumity -ealith Statu - Ban la-uii Kruat - Every first, third and fifty - l(Xl,(XKl baht/years. EGAT every 3 years for 21 years ban Ku Pl'ot year, anid every 5 years. for data anialysis Conduct a c short study for 21 years Ban T1hung Sakhnm - 2(iX,X(Klt bUht/year/ - Ban Pakasai 2 villages for cohort - Ban Kldong KRlanun sludy Ban Khlonig Siat - Ban Khlong Wai Lck Ban fluia Sok * lIt). Ocupaulion hiealtl and (ConstirclioI General pertormance and dexterily test Medical case unit/Krabi power Onice before employmienit - 5t,tt EGAl- U1n Salely - Rouline Iraining, safety and equipmitent plant Rouline cleck/Iruiniing inislection activities Operation - Epidemiological study of healtih data Medical case unit.Krabi power - Analysis of healilt data - 2100,Kt)tl EGAT ol workers plant every 3 years. 1lesting organ's function Investigate pertomance of occupational lieallth and use of safety devices every 3 miontlhs - Routine activities for inspeclion of safely - Conduct training and emer- measures, traiining anid exercise of eniner- gency drill at least oitce a gency action plan year. Noise level wiltin tte power plaitt area - Monitor noise level every 3 ittontits lNVltitlt/,tI2ItAB(,t XILS TABLE 6.1-1 (Cont'd) E:isvii nssnselae l Asptet ltiLd Montitoring I'nsuralilParamtter Loucation of Muniloringl Frequency Bsudget Respunsible lstterviewing (Baht/Year) 11 l'aal,liw Relosni (-Il'irasasismn Following lsp jleaiplI V I prCsIlioll, feeling - Ban Pakasui - - every 4 nmomnhi 16,(1X fGAT atizidle, opinion, ticeits anal dis bailsie - Ban lilinilg Prasurn ilitcin 1lie inlonsiaaboul. Ban Tiuug SAlion - Baus Hluai Suit - Ban KlIlong Mark - Ban Ko Plaos - Ban Khilong Wai L ek. ()peratison Follsinag uap people's perception, feeliag - Ban Pakasai - every 3 iionim - 12(0(1Kl EGAT antilUde sisalI a1piis.ai/sees maud disiributies Ban Tlsung Prausaris interval durifig ile I ilacan iefi iiibonisanion Ban Ibnung Sakion fir.t year. once a year ON - Confainuouuly isfosan ie cosaillounisy about Ban lsu,i Sok from lse second years environjiiesaial mnoniloring. - Ban Kldong Mark and oiiward - Ban Ko Plaos - Ban Klilong Wai Lek lohila expeilse annisually Coinstilictioli period - 931,0)0 baht/year EGAT Operatlions period - 38,672,000 baht/year (in [he first year, total expense also plus inslallatioll expenlse) EGAT - 5,672,0(X0 bahli/yeasr (every year later) I ~~~~~~~~~~MAAI , W L w vA 1 W-O L0as^ ''E | = L e ^ g1\4t, > \ )A a N v A,/~~~~~~~~~~-- aXp 9 -'~~~~~ a ~ yma 3 (~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~G MM"i NA -WUXM /V/ /~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I_AU AIAIR Ill/4UTZJACUAXS t IJIINC SIAIIOS fl } 1 < \ /// [B 0dh - 4UM5tii R , \ / '-f /r / > Lwo I * PO,E PLMTW1011 \\I VA]U I IL 1: LoAPHO EEUOMN^ OIOICPRGAIORN OSICINPRO iIOL _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~%0 N I II -IaU 3M x\g AM IM 1-- - N/ . .. M h-A@ - ) ^~~ ~~~~~ .S *fi ) a -'*t. \s I) .X axaa 31 3M ,A /M O ux^un_ssI~~a A \ I ( J e @ h <1 tI^9CF ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~V W qu / @s~~~ ~~ .fi. .WAa|s ®vwkr uma45a X z ~~~I I UT M \ g11t ()KIaP s4 -~~~~~ M( i)G) -~~~~~~~~~SMM SO cx, OW4-M LA1O - WM js - Rwil A1-2: L n e s W THE E N T K U N S P R S WRING W E R An PER W _ AN QUAUTV M94SAIM SIAS" ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~ai MM UUREAA' 6.-:LClOS FTEE4IOMATLMNTRN PORUDRN PEAINPRC REFERENCES 1. The Provincial Electricity Authority, Data of electricitv use and quantity of electricity user: classification by category. Bangkok: the Provincial Electricity Authority, 1996. 2. King Amphoe Nua Khlong, Recollection of King Amphoe Nua Khlong building opening cerelony in June. 1992: Changwat Krabi, Rung Rot Printing, 1994. 3. King Amphoe Nua Khlong, Official Summary Report of King Amphoe Nua Khlong. Changwat Krabi. Changwat Krabi: King Amphoe Nua Khlong, 1995. 4. King Amphoe Nua Khlong, 5-year Development Plan (1997-2001) of Tambon Khlong Khanan. Changwat Krabi: King Amphoe Nua Khlong, 1994. 5. King Amphoe iNua Kiiiouug, 5zyear Lver ner.t plan 11997-2nyzin of Tamnbon Pakasai. Changwat Krabi: King Amphoe Nua Khlong, 1994. 6. Department of Highways, Average Annual Daily Traffic on Highways 1990. Bangkok: Department of Highways, 1991. 7. Department of Highways, Average Annual Daily Traffic on Highways 1991. Bangkok: Department of Highways, 1992. 8. Department of Highways, Average Annual Daily Traffic on Highways 1992. Bangkok: Department of Highways, 1993. 9. Department of Highways, Average Annual Daily Traffic on Highways 1993. Bangkok: Department of Highways, 1994. 10. Department of Highways, Average Annual Daily Traffic on Highways 1994. Bangkok: Department of Highways, 1995. 11. Departnent of Fisheries, Statistical Survey on Quantity and Value of Marine Products Landed at Various Landing Place in 1992. Bangkok : Thailand Agriculture Co-operative Congregation Printing Ltd., 1995. ENV1018/96109/REFER 12. Department of Fisheries, Fisheries Statistics of Thailand in 1992. Bangkok Thailand Agriculture Co-operative Congregation Printing Ltd.. 1994. 13. Meteorological Department. Climatological Data of Thailand. 30 year Period (1961-1990). Bangkok Meteoronmpiral lepnrtmi-nt 1 QQ 14. Meteorological Department. Climatological Data of Thailand in 1991/1992/1993/1994. Bangkok: Meteorological Department. 15. Environmental Resource Division, The Report of Water Quality Monitoring Programs at Krabi Mine Vicinity 1991-1993. Bangkok : Environmnent Resource Division, Environmental Departmnent, The Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand, 1994. 16. Environmental Resource Division, The Report of Air Quality Study and Inspection of Krabi Thermal Power Plant and Mine 1989-1993. Bangkok Environment Resource Division, Environmental Department, The Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand, 1994. 17. Ecology and Environment Division, The Report of Water Quality Monitoring Programs at Krabi Mine Vicinitv. Bangkok : Ecology and Environment Division, Survey and Ecology Department, The Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand, 1991. 18. Ecology and Environment Division, The Report of Water Qualitv Study at Krabi Lignite Mine Vicinity. Bangkok: Ecology and Environment Division, Public Communication Office, The Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand, 1992. 19. Ecology and Environment Division, The Report of Water Quality Monitoring Programs at Krabi Mine Vicinity in 1987. Bangkok: Ecology and Environment Division, Survey and Ecology Departnent, The Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand, 1988. 20. Ecology and Environment Division, The Report of Air Quality Study and Monitorin, Programs in 1987-1988. Bangkok : Ecology and Environment Division, Survey and Ecology Department, The Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand, 1989. ENV1018/96109/REFER 21. Ecology and Environment Division, Water Quality Monitoring Programs at Krabi Mine Vicinity in 1990. Bangkok: Ecology and Environment Division. Survey and Ecology Department, The Electricity Generating Authority of Th2iland, 1991. 22. Ecology and Environment Division, The Report of Water Quality Monitoring Programs at Khlong Bang Pu Dam in 1988. Bangkok : Ecology and Environment Division, Survey and Ecology Department, The Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand, 1989. 23. Ground Water Division, Groundwater Data of Changwat Krabi (October 1958 - September 1993). Bangkok : Groundwater Division, Department of Mineral Resources, 1994. 24. Soil Survey and Land Classification Division, The Report of Soil Survey. ChangwaLKrabi. Bangkok : Soil Survey and Land Classification Division, Land Development Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives, 1986. 25. Land Use Planning Division, Land Use Plan of Changwat Krabi. Bangkok: Lamd Use Planning Division, Land Development Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives, 1986. 26. Manager Data Service Co., Ltd. and Institute of Education Policy, Investment Plan of Chang=at Krabi (1994-1998). Bangkok : Manager Data Service, 1994. 27. Fisheries of Changwat Krabi, Fisheries Data of Changwat Krabi : Fisheries Office of Changwat Krabi, 1996. 28. Plan and Project Division, Summary Report of Strategic Plan for Development of Changwat Krabi. Changwat Krabi : Plan and Project Division, Office of Changwat Krabi, 1995. 29. Prince of Songkla University, The Report of Environment Quality Study and Mitigation Measures for Environmental Impact of Lignite Mine at Amphoe Muang, Changwat Krabi. Hat Yai : Prince of Songkla University, 1990. 30. Office of King Amphoe Nua Khong Agriculture, Agricultural Development Guidelines of King Amhoe Nua Khlong. Changwat Krabi : Office of King Amphoe Nua Khlong Agriculture, 1992. ENVIO18/96109/REFER 31. Office of King Amphoe Nua Khlong Agriculture. Agricultural Development Guidelines of Tambon Khlong Khanan. Changwat Krabi: Office of King Amphoe Nua Khlong Agriculture, 1992. 32. Office of Amphoe Muang Krabi Agriculture, Agricultural Development Guidelines of Tambon Pakasai. Amphoe Muang Krabi. Changwat Krabi Office of Amphoe Muang Krabi, 1989. 33. Regional Irrigation Office II, Annual Report 1994 of Krabi Irrigation Project. Chan2wat Krabi. Changwat Krabi: Engineer Work of Krabi Irrigation Project, Regional Irrigation Office II, 1994. 34. Office of Changwat Krabi Business, Marketing Data of Changwat Krabi 1992. Changwat Krabi : Office of Changwat Krabi Business, 1992. 35. Office of Changwat Krabi Business, Marketing Data of Changwat Krabi 1994. Changwat Krabi: Office of Changwat Krabi Business, 1994. 36. Rural Development Committee and Progress Spread to Provincial, Collection of Basic Data in iagLevel (Ko Cho Cho 2 Ko'. C'hanUgwat Kabi : RuLal Development Committee, 1994. 37. Office of King Amphoe Nua Khlong Public Health, Plan and Result of Operation According to Government Policy in Public Health Aspect, 1995. Changwat Krabi: Office of King Amphoe Nua Khlong Public Health, 1995. 38. Office of King Amphoe Nua Khlong Public Health, Data of Ror Ngor 504 in 1995. Changwat Krabi: Public Health Office of King Amphoe Nua Khlong, 1996. 39. Office of Changwat Krabi Public Health, Data of 08 Ror Bor 3 Tor in 1995. Changwat Krabi: Public Health Office of Changwat Krabi, 1996. 40. Public Health Office of Changwat Krabi, Summary Report an Public Health Operation According to Government Policy of Changwat Krabi in Fiscal Year 1995. Changwat Krabi: Office of Changwat Krabi Public Health, 1995. 41. Department of Town and Country, Tambon Khlong Khanan, King Amphoe Nua Khlong. Changwat Krabi Planning. Changwat Krabi: Department of Town and Country Planning, Ministry of Interior, 1994. ENV1018/96109/REFER 42. Dep-ternt of Towm and Countv Planning. Physical Plan of Tambon Pakasai. King Amphoe Nua Khlong- Changwat Krabi. Changwat Krabi Ministry of Interior, 1994. 43. Asian Development Bank, Environmental Considerations in Energy Development. Manila: Asian Development Bank, 1991. 44. Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand, Lignite Reserve Assessment of Bang Mark. Wai Lek, and Muna Area for Feasibility Study of Krabi Mine Extension. Bangkok: Electricity Generating,Authority of Thailand, 1985. 45. Tesco Co., Ltd., Mahidol University and Songkhla University, Environmental and Ecological Investigation Krabi Project (Main Report). Bangkok Tesco Ltd., 1985. ENVIO18/96109/REFER APPENDIX A =A ^ DrrVTCj AT AD I,rTT NO. Td 1 A NO . lt&""L.ji I~J±LW 1L ' J±2LjU A I £l JL A-] I AL' I E EMERGENCY PLAN EMISSION SOURCES DATA (IN CASE OF 3% AND 3.5% OF SULFUR CONTENT IN FUEL) APPENDIX ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF KRABI THERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT AT TAMBON KHLONG KHANAN, KING AMPHOE NUA KHLONG, CHANGWAT KRABI Table of Content APPENDIX A ADDITIONAL DOCUMENT NO. 1 AND NO.2, EMERGENCY PLAN AND EMISSION SOURCES DATA (IN CASE OF 3 % AND 3.5 % OF SULFUR CONTENT IN FUEL) APPENDIX B RECORDS OF EARTHQUAKE IN THAILAND APPENDIX C GROUNDWATER WELL DATA OF KRABI PROVINCE APPENDIX D MARINE AND OIL SPILL EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN OF HABOUR DEPARTMENT APPENDIX E QUATIONNAIRE OF HOUSEHOLD INVESTIGATION APPENDIX F QUATIONNAIRE OF LOCAL LEADER INTERVIEWING APPENDIX G EGAT SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARD APPENDIX H LEAFLET OF KRABI THERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT APPENDIX I LIST OF LOCAL LEADER GROUP IN PUBLIC RELATION WORK z o*¢ ADDITIONAL DOCUMENT NO. 1 SL VEtLhai1 00 L [Et su LLUt10tUtLlt rOILtLLUUU±1JL 6 (mmAtiayLi LULUJO(LIt) SLU-SU rt#W,-AVrlA.SUOIK24Wt4LnLtrit. WIMIINGLLMUGI C3j-lBU lLUnjEt rZ r- r I 3 nL4njfQ2I LL> L 6nyA-tGnpulK^ll nt3M2;urLs>r 3nttLu nsLteL nLs"W unastynn_WnLnInnL>lUneSWI [IGO -ssz~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ rttui sz rnsK Isu -u 4uGtnlunnintnyesOKnnuxnl Wtnsunu^sU!itr-;IK-LsultsLunLtnLuanulWI ('t,K) IIAIL41-^SfILIK'nWOr_nnL,LktWILU^UK I wUfsl ntnL6 nu nGLs.utW 4 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PS ULfAtF,PSj&LULIW PSG1 K5UUtgn=y u su unsal LUnLtrlLSKWSCtl U1 tGBlLmUU ritw Umpto 6ESZ tULrwPt 9lwA 9IM Z9#ZV/OOCE8 nFtU rU nulAIIu:L^s3nusnnLpLtWILsusGttw Wtu WflGl,LIIBWn2ynnn^ lnnU1u¶n utsLULa. nni WCunGTtLhK WtUPUUtLQU1LAlUSNLUtLSUI tSGTW1W ('rflsU nn UI A LU WlM LunUU P 6£9Z naLusulw q o LLtt & l snnt&u&uLn nulAWul s>nntuunnWgzr'LPLrOIsO LflS I9 8 P9 /00EVI 8U 1 V. ~ ' V lannsorJnlluaunllnln fl17sanhsli1fIP((l4dalstanfl¶1r flen71l7W1J4l08N flouN9 lou 4 n - 2i53 vwqrinirnj 2539 \ cU- rl- VL.l .L C) .. ___.__------v *---........................................ .... (;U P I- $P ~ ~~~~~~~ AP C3 a 5 'SW __ _____ V- ( )1 ___...... ---....................... LJ~w~rtunL~LnU........... ..........__._ ------ - __._ ......... __ __.----- ~. *~ .................... ( ) = =z_ ..w .__ __..._ .._ ._ _ _... _ _. _ _ _ _ _ _ ._ _ _ _ _ . l p~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~Xnb4 (aj )tt £LJ,r5tLfLUnL n (5Lt6?MUtLL OLnibrOLnL) _i... nnirtw LKlUM,Lln - fcScanLl I IttoULLWIfn nLLQLLLLtLunt,sLNLtutn^L _ VU9 tutas~~~~tunsbm sulntnu-c n62!. a. &44 nUfLLW%ng WL%coimoiMAnO rtiLL9I L9LUU~LMMM±hISUIIUUH -LOLSLE'SUML41 OQVUt1d1'L OLunLJ LIW GLQUMWon nUr LI%LoLa n r3 ALWue.4Pitl ,5-Li4dU;i!';,;;S w.n.. ;,^ 2 OILfu1rtNLtc,uLJwIntLLLu UlIktL 6ESZ nt1Qu_MI3 OL OLOLS£'LC.W!W OetcLLe' L-OLLLtLC *FUl m ricn C.L~MWLIotWtU ^ums (utnn - LOC/ uncOLl { L o~~~~~~~c St" 4~~ d. 2,& Oe : 0t f j M : 2 > , e~~~~~~~!) 4 : J~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~: - _ e ~~~~~~~~~~~~~o A. , ,~~~~~~~~~~~A 4- 2LL 'A C! le MO (D V I Co. pq S Co a Fi -4 -4 -4t, C3 t-l- =D Co M. me te et tt " co ED M:w Co !W, t C ::c d f-I ne ek a '. t' Z. =1 r, d n M .j CD ql ZDI (a C!x C!x :IN. c! M r!- Cs .5 v et CD 0 CD 0 0 tf rf.. - t. St v 5 - - e 5 dD M -s -3 et Al. X. Me ne )T et e CZ) t!A SCL S -Co C! e - .4e. 2 et -%,, rA m9h- Z! ot W -4 d 0 - t:: cDe 0 :5. C2 It. 0 Mt .4 - CM - It dt Zs Co C = 0 "b ;- te X! !5t e :Ce cm CD M! -Ij CD J 9 cm tf mt- 35k V § , :S We 29 ro tt te I "t te ek CD tt r- j ew t'3 :9 A. - .0 .0 J (3 if .40 j -4 (MA 34 tL d- s .Ak C2% C2 SOL tv 3 Ek Cs -AZD M -A Co Ae: M: -i VD Cs t!x ) e ma :i St, 2t Me _x -A C2 d. 12t " -4 mi --9 GA Z! g e Ct tit Me :9 Z;4 Mi V -t e 4 t:! " R rs 2clgx e d -j et C! 0)) :90 e m Ot Of L21 Cs Cs e :- 61 t-I M MeL tDe We CD Co t:! ML I" tt !*t *At Cs t:! El V tt CS tt nk. .4 etj = V C! 2 a M -J A J -J Cs :5 tft "t J at t Cs Me t:t- 3LI tt M -J C!- A , t:: 3 nt !3 v -J 3LI C! -J JDX 4-' Gi L! I if =CL 2! ep el a me C! M -J C9 Mt =5 A. 4 V A 1: t-- - M Cs 3LIN 0 2 Co -4 " Vt Me -4 V: .0 Z! ek V* 'e e i? if tf -J mi &A M& -J !2t C9 et Elk. m r- el d4 r- J ft Co p. -M !nt P I i ro v -J 51 ef CO Zt ts et tt tt -J e .0 * t! J et J ! Of .01 et if L3 3ok f-I nt 2DI :5 =9 MD -ve a e- e.. " -J 34'*% M: e, 29 -J .8. e M J CD zfe :9 -J Vt -J e C9 3L et -J et e__ C2 -J IDI -J SECTION A - A : I. 2i0 .I 0X C .A- . DETAIL 'A' o.oo 4eO: zoo ., 1XX > R Sc^ita t otl_' , ,lo~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~cot 4) 1.A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~12 A A~± ~~~~~nSCA D|LE° D a 05 TEt4 1~~ _P ___ I ~~~~0.000 7 40.00 too0 --11 0 2 0. - 0~~~~ ~~ ~~~~ 02 0 Of us0 0 0 4 0~CAE0 (0 ~ OLSPRO To 01.000J'A 0,A sA 00Co.o SC.' 0. 200 0. 200 C. 20 0. 10 -2- A 4 fte 00 LA M, ze r' :9. :3 cSt ttt 0 -5 at M:t -4 co -4 -4 V :S ct aDh n a e e =DP -i =t X: C2 -A ci --a -z r, 8 = St jo :ze :g- j t t -A t---j A z6. ei '4 CD CD r- 3D I -C. -j a -j " ft C9 t -4 -A !Ok 4 tl " e .4 -, - 2-9). -% _j ct lot _j Cm tt -4 -4 t4 M. co ci C; -j -4 nk C! 0 cot tt 4 -4 co 3 O" d- M M C9 dc L9 C5 Cs tt tt CD d Z C RM C2% E! tt a -A O - =9 e Z X! Cs 1. _.' :9 .0 ED r- aD tt -At M ct r- lw C j et CD If =f .4k tft lb. t e Cs fk -J -A =IX C- C: i tf X! tfl X! _j :J9 t:j_ i-I ID:. e CDC .4 :9 r- 3:: Mt e- 3f. 3e 1. 64 r. :3 l V C! -j t -"'t 5L t C -A Zft nk e O Cs. tt tt R rf g'. t.! -i co. Mt. W-Z C!) =9k e C2 r -At .4 --M At -i co tf Mt -j " CD ce ni te Mt -A 49 :9 I O Ct St C9 -j -0) r- If !3 2 e J t)c ei- C2 C! co CD M. 2D C2 LLULtLrhQ't 11 (UrUlfttUl'tUU tLL4LtT2Ul1UtUftELU 161 UL111111 U1I4WL1'Ihl .,1 ' UQQUnIIWLU UlIP. W tiAUtUlhLhL'Ofl1ILt4ttUUIht{LUO& 40 Qt * ~~~ 2 ~* ~ A% (wtl ^' ttI1Uao 1thMlt ftLIU%nflh1O16) !WLU2LjI x I _P. * I0Pk4 ICULUI!?M IULItO UAIdhtLtONNIUMMUIlILU NiL) * . 'r - I a (.w~'u WLI)~ Llrrw ;6MLIAttL-t&2UMLU-2PuuULI(IIL -00 tLtLtU2ZpUQOnOCtULuIUtLU.-LULLUtLtittlt 1-Rq ' '14AM tOM1GMi 'A rL,EILtA~~~~~~LL1L2LLIWMLLULLLWUilt 2 M ltl - U4ahW WiLMAIMUMLLQn4LuwrIt?LOMru nrttrsubhnttstMtlll 0* LtUtftNlfttUtttUILP6IrtltUl tI)iQlbthittm IilQb Ittill LLUULUILUW3O D1nL'lpULLIfl1}OIA tNUMIGILIUMMUtINRtAWIUM4 ° tU[°f Dal itjilt 9. ll1 L ]UtU^!I tflillUILJtlCJt1n1t Qhltttl. MULLLRU RM4UtIlfRIA L24101' ~~w ~'a1 CULIUC * ~~~ unr. :~~i ' prt4P.ulit;uwutrturwrth:t p1 fttIW U*zLUtnLGI{i,UilLttlf12I4 IllllultlQ16 tli ._uihiltJ~fllpluLn1t(uKa1 ts a~~I q*PU>y U6l;tIULU * UntW116flflIJtt1SilV1n~~iILU2lr v' Qll LUIU IlFt'ftnt,PMLU?UUidtltnLU Ni Li GlJllftl[; | ~~(fzeX' WUM) * 141111U U6QCtUCPttUNitlttt - jiU (PIJ tt?I GI QLtLUtIlLUUlSL 3om1.hr,,U'tI,^ 4,~~~ a IIU- .- LoI UUI{ ***(s°m ULZ LRFUflhi~lO1UfLL t A" vUaw0 *** fU t@wl[tULIJG > us LaJlIftlLalUSIPL t~ sq LIQU * ertt1 j e e lnt H ian'imua 'Is~~~~~~~~~- llflSOUi 1_--'Sf-A2 U 3 4RUfl4 tL& UIl5 1. MIiUA)MN:LW w 00bu; 15.6/156.6 '. h~a4nii o.985 0. 990 0.995 0.995 0.995 ASTml D 1298 (Specific Gravity at 15.6115.6 C) 2. flhlImUfl )1?I01.JlflSfliWJ~~~~~~~Ilfl ASTMj 0 445 (Kinematic Viscosity, CSt) Of Qmi113 50. 1. LTfOfl¶ ~ i1ll 7 7 7 7- J14.flT 80 IS0 Z30 280 0' RaMn2 I00 is. L-juiaTltn 1)ftlilfl1 3 - - - - ~~~~~~~30 3. !IIIIU1)d 1160BUIS3.1 a UAni~l1 60 60 60 60 60 ASTh1 D 93 (Flashi Point, Pensky-fl.artens Ciosed Tenter, 'C) (Pour Point, C) 5. ziqtn%u-l0u faulu0TriIir n ASTM 0 129 (Sulphur Content, 7. wt.) l120f f-4iT4 1 fI niq n 2537 1J1:IArAn,f. Uawnii 2.5 3.0 3.2 3.2 Z.5 -;UM IiJIL, I. Uwilijni Z.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.5 La.1&iTW1 1 uni11uJ z5hi ViJLnni n. bJ.jflii 2.0 2.0 3.0, 3.0 2.5 JIMom Z. 14;4nl.V 2.0 2.0 Z.0 2.0 0.5 6. iJiUlwfiiNfu wna' iu '1izniilV 10,000 9,900 9.900 9,900 9,900 ASTMI D 240 (Gross lheat of Combustion, call&) 7. 1 - auaz ISlthi wXmi Uza.afli 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 ASTh D 482 (Ash V.t.) A. Thluam,nou fauo iuaT u1ifnf *laijN4l 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ASTh D 1796 (Water and Sediment 7.vol.) 9. h-1111'1eW talaa;nLsu 1413lif~i 8.0 - - - - AMT D 1500 (Colour, A-~TM) 23b a. a 3 ..-. -J aa.eL ii 4 42 ~- ~ ~ 2 2 ~~~~. CC ~~~~~~~3 CCZ : C!. 2 Ott' _.a m - Mk Z* -.4 2 .* - - '. d ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ s~~- l-.-Cex -. 1± 3 L -4 C!) -. Co !22±-aV-- 2±) .9 CD CL 20 r 2 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~ cc 1. *a~~ . tt .40~~~~~~~~~~~~C - 4 * ~- ~- ~' 4 cc - 3D A.4t ; et -.e A __x -ek-~~~-J - ~ s 2 s S v't. -it d : 2±t co~ co $A t ~~ ~~ 2±a '~~~e-4 ceI £. s2.AOcoc .a 24 Cs, 1: . -. . - 2± . 2. 2± 2 a . J 4 e 4 . .4 4 - et C9 2± C, ... -~~~~~~~~no 2± 2. cc4 et t -2 ~ -~ 2~2&2 2CD2-2 et, _ -J.~~ -J Mt. 2h . _ a C ±i Ci Cc -J~ t: .4 - * 2 .'"4C ± 1c =1 2 e M-I): ±c .4 .-J MJ %A 2 - 32±c c 2±j co.e2 2±t *.. --4 tt -J~2 ' -J 3 ,2 :2 92. :D 2 2 A. 2± ' --. -a 3± c 2 St CD 5 c 2 2± t ra co ri 1. -J~~~-a2± tti d. J-s _J '.M) -' % r X: ml co W,~~~~~2 zk -t _ X!~~C ~ 'A .4 t -J± co:, ~ 2 A 2L . b CC -±Pt 4 3 ±3 2~~~~~~~~~~~!r JC mml Po mmm kM :. = A - X W-;, :W= e ; 3gW~~~~M PU L. . _ 0- _________________________ ________0---- :CX| tt~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~~~ ^- --- -I ;.+ Me A X 0 E- I ra 001~~~~~~~~~a- i i i i 3 i Z $ X i E | i l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEAM ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S| |-- r- -fH ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~INOA SCAE I UZ,. ARM x.. ,ud 81 iXitiitlintllrbltmx~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - 7 R - KRAs nOtMAL PLAN O P OX T S ' t 503,000 ea-E) 505,0008.(e) 9 v / ~~~~~~Ml t A3. 2\ \>> t-Ll -7J 2Ml ?\2 FI.6 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TIIJX(Kr ecreot ion Area ( A (< ^ , > ~ 432 a \9onq Mark Plt [\i t \ vO < < X ~~~~~~~Wai Lek- Pit~~~~~~o A3.23 I- i Wais Lek PltM) 880.000M(N)<~~~~~~~~~W tL4l4I (WTE BODY)-; < cS A A~~~~~~~A1 Ulllis I PADDY FIELD) N \27 < \ / ~~~~~A3.2 ZM141ton (PARA RtU9BERI < 9 < ~~~~~~~A3.3 lJIiUUIUU IOIL PALM)I 2 ( 7 \ ~~~~~Ml AUitsilp'llillmtv-s, (IIOLE LANOI < > / ~~~~~W2 UmfwUO rwATER BOOYJ * XiJfl 2.2 : -8- -x a cile Cs Mt te -4 64 j O. :3 co C!t d. co --) EA. , r- :5 co -j 0 :s C!A -i O :9 Ct co if. _5 -4 ct. a Zf .CA co 0 :5 D Mt tt tt C! tt :6 -i I . :2 c2t a Mt CD- C! O X!, M 2 J- =c ct CD Mt C! i: L tt cc k2f'. -A O 2) rA. rgk X m: -A 2 M co CZ, 0 ei :D da C2 M -i -i ei -i CD C2 CD AO C! = v t n LA t! te :e :B- :3 O 3DAL 5 V -9 _j & ze e 2: Ci! M) CD 21 ce CD 0 J-1 F, EL _j A. -) cd! Z -i e co --4 :9 et C2 Ot M: -4 et _j t te Z* -A Cs Mt 3f A C2 C! Z coli k* t! I!k CD 15A co, As Cs Z sAt C! O' O I Ol C2 &4 a C! :0, CD P, =t CD S MA. P % zg -i -)- M t5: Mp =t et co r-! O' MO C2 M co Eik :2 =t Cs O CDC .0 " tt m: ct Cl- 2 ce Ro. e t'! ID -b t! J- tt (Z ti Mt Z.- Mt CD 1--h- CD C!A, Mk A =9 Mt 3:: - LA tf d- l- - cgt .4. 2 Jr- j --'J)x R Sj c.9, :ct r ce =1 !-t e -Ah 2k -j Cs CD te C2 -j .4 -A CD Cs -i tt Ml 2 It. .3 coh d 2 t! s -ft V CM Mk 0 0 - ZC C!! co tIt Cs C2 ) nt :C C! :C Cs "Ca. -b 0, .4h !2 CD r- C! d. -9 -i a 0 CD Ot =S -J a 4. D n C! CD 3L P. 0 0 Bs ce ea. -i q =1 -s Z* tt V t:!l Mt M) -A ct tt t :9 M) W. Im te -j :5 =b. ,. cc :50 te 3f tf -j S -i M: (7, Vt A -- "tk. -A tD A5 0 Me M 0 V "R W C! Z 6 :9 E: tt 0% 3 . .4 " tni -i co p- mk 43 (W j , -A W A X. O CS -i if .4t 'd A CD E! co C! -i C2- -A M) ml .1. t:! 8 te =t .j -JA te Sle 0 5 Z! -j P A 2 & - Cs C! :91 3 14 e- W co VA. v -4 Co 42 I" AID 04 0 GA j Z. co aA 290 co co Z e E! if* !-t j 20 -i = :9 - -i t'2. 00 -j -4 3f :9 Zo Oa C9. *0 :3 En, :9) .4 0 -j -j C9 CD co 0 e-I -.j-4 o co C! cd) = Cs -4 -4.0 11 S- Ex .4 Z =CA. -j -1 = -.a Si o A. - %A&. -j tft '. :tt :4L 0 -A :Ca e 4. if dE!x o- :4 St tf 0- n 0 * C! C2 If o t- -J = M -4) -J -J " C!I- o mot m :C t! Mt tt tt M. o o o J o -4 -A CD -4 :9 M: CM, St 15 ce :D - -2 tf Fs " -V is t! (4 = J A -J Z, C!!,t Cs -J -J -it !- 5 ztz - " =5A. co et 4-0 x =D c-ole =D -4 -4 -J CD tt tt -J C2 e, 2 Ca 3b " t! C! t L.31 CD .0 -J t! M: tt a tfk :9 e 2D Z3 0 t! A d M)h C9 -A d. t! ex ex ot ex !!t Z -13't ---I e =1A. :91 A M Co tti. -4 m: = t -A t;t if co ze RA. -Mx =h. :ga_ M 4t " s CA tt "h EK CA- P 3fw- r, !s Z. N -4 CD o co te t± a t tt _J It - te tek 2D. Mt co L-:5) sx 291 1 ::k J :0 Cs W co -J te 01, t:! (. . . :3 2 d :1A. e Ol If a S- :9) at 2- e 0 W t:!- r-A CD - d. if -4 -4 .4 :X - =D :9A t::e tt J 'IC co t tL- :9A A '45 -4 tf C2 Mx C!k t O tt C9 :3 1. L. CD -J -At !3t d C!!,c d -4 t:! :3 0 -J M C9 t:!k 15 '4A I& r -J -X -J t* C9 CD dZe -3 "h :D co C9 *t- -J 29 co :!D :3: tt -A CD tk5 d!Dlt el -J =gL J CO ca dmx Qe -J -J IL t: Cs. -Z t! tt co :0 cc 3f ts -J t! :qx t3 t 41. cl) -J W. e 5j !Dkb -A :1 te q J M:t :3 -J e -J ._Z r.! tt C9 ce -J wt cc C2 tt ex r.. zi -.X .0 = ct C*P, J co tt et =SA. .0 J) Nx -4 !:t = -J -J 4. 2D 9 r t I J 2 -J tt J 24 44 Z -J tf 0 got o W Ot -J B) 29) x! fle ZD e te 2: Cs !-t e :0 S !5x -X - - 2.& 5t -J -4 -J tt R 29 = -4 e et I CD t :g t:R- J 2 Me C!! d -AN o 4 t: co MD es C! o .4 J :tt t:!- I tf E! J =C e ui ..J ce -4 :It% X!X SI :&A. t! -J C2 J a ;e =5 r. co CD .4 -4 -J =1A CS c5t .0 :9 -J C!) C9 -J :9 Cs CS CD tf Pk ak ze WX :3 e- co 0 ft Cs B CA =D co r Xf -A t t C2 5- 21L M --a -9 .:9 -X "O cmb -5 if __S t! Ox 20, r-- :0 3:: :9 lo-e -L L- nssURLUaL6h.susu rtSuRL.U jnLttslrtsUULR2LcngtwjnLgU119LLn&tL&I flLIfluL nu &ThlLArQ nL) L1jQosunAgLL l - - a~~~~~~~~~~! sL^uQLJ.;nQJrLLnT,1. - s~LQtannJ~LLutnL,1 - nal nnwQLLt.WUQ?nULUM ILLnHLjmlunWlLJlURQ16W6 utswn,jlWLiabQMW lLnsuW,ng ww js U I OLWUrWIN nmsuRnmOuian>ti-^xan nXnmstLujttiuyou6utL;uLntgnra, %puilu LLLLMRUmtfL1t'hLXjLQ tL6WL rtMnLraIaru2ItuL1nnnr n a La .-cn n p BaunUunnlLp -9 UQQQLILtUW1I~tk Lp l t4 htQn1nU LLUWL nInhannu gL 1:Lu~LIALrn LUIU>U14LJLLiunLrtnrQaMLU *S p hnwLkSLftLUll tUtr'niunnhsnnus *c a nLtaspuns;sgstun,ynh.nia z -tLsurtllrtrL4ntsiuh.sLutnrtDuL,>nK,>lnuLtu>a6.LUW>^.usrtLFblt4 -1 p>sL;mtbuLscx5rgAu1Lbtuu ar !;;;- is is A L;; nLQLunInLLt LLLnL anu1sLgn1siursLUllanL4.r LL sj-I I sLw .tLUMtQjGLUbQ*QLW is I w~~,. .t I - a nhanXn;uup-Lnun^b-&ntn$6QS6ulls nhurLnurnaluLrnAs>;sw^U-nl uOLfLun>pLUkttRiKG%ruuaenwLnLtOnanunLunL)n;sp -^nRLunLQ p I KMn,unnHlX sLeuron^Runun LLUra.-anthnanawl .,U 16nuU IMr t%LMtturt4RLuuLn tPKRf NLLnLnaub s WRsuMum1w *t QU SLun LMLUL bnatLtbnlnisLLuUrL.fv L,nU Wa - .~~ -w w .! -Wa a - -1 nrLnLp rii 6a%uLurtnL ?3 h,Un1wrtru njtLu#I llL"RUIrCLUM~UMP MUUlIGUMIM(MAInartt, wwtUUllMtL CUIP35MI I~LfLUIE~LLrnAUQMUhLtmrLnth3j1zlLML1 St CD CD 1!- ;b VI Cs cc tf =t C! =o. clc =5 al :9 St Z Cs A CO _j t! t! co. - A. Z tA A Co _j - =4 -S 2 =sk 2fi. M) a -A It LID 0 r_ et r t!. tt de :ct ist If. CZ C t Elk. o e- 5"', - -J 0 tt Co 3D C! 2c -1 119 et 4 Cp CD et X!, Ca t Zt w C V et ;2 a ct, R St t! C C!= cot C* -et cot cot at Co A CZ te -A 9 . v e s m s s -J -J -J -J VI MOO =0 cgt vh Co IC2 Ct 2 - w mk :S tt r cv et g -'s CS Cil't Cbt _-s. -J =9. I --s. 1 ? =1 = :' I = -J -J -3 :9 -J -J -Ak -4 ir 4. P_ Co a -J ot "%- _a Cs Ot ne 710. =91. n e ttA -2 -J -J !3 g Co tt A. - -J S -4 C2 64 .3) C! .4 -J -J :9 5 -J te _x C2 C! t't :5 -S M Co As J- et -A J d. Me 0 a 0 C! 2 .0 ZJ d. -4 e A. -J CL Cs2 -ath- Cs Co tt -J -) =S -3 -3 5 A. .4 nk -S O A:2 tDc =5. :5C Cs C2 C! .4 S co C2 St 34 :911 15) Co tt tt S Cs Cs et A. a oh -J CD C2 at et :9 -C e. dt C CU. 51 emt C! t! Ot A. t-'t 381* CD C'D ct 9: '-C-0t J lk a :!Dt S 4. - e- C! CZ - - _J gmt =t zo :C -n at Cs :ce d ZJ I !21t ct e- S. 2t ttk -J -.0 t ze AA ec a sf _.' - -J t' ='g " " J . .0 J X: :jh. :C* Sp 5, e' e- - 3 - " - =0 VI !S :0_ C! -1 _S 2 tt- ! 'e et erv to -$A. " 0 :% - "t so a tR_ ce J .1. C :3 tg. CD 0 r _JX te t.2 t t q_ J t t =14. aw e -J C2 tt- _J co Id. C2 t A, C a 2t - d SC MO C -A A. tAt a M 'S -J C Cs et tt C, eme co C2 -J VP t -J I I& -ti.v " e =: !*C. a t et --a :5 fn) e J --C te'd -J ta 21't .)C ::! - J et Co t! Of C! Cs =1 :9 I" SI =1 -ve :tl RI, :ct = L-- co .1 Vt C J -J CD C!_ .0 el!t -J cm kV d 14 as - -o 4" . _J t:)b aw Si r_ oh -it Cs -J We o M: e_ ml) C! =sx tDt a& :C _J d -Al D 2k -J if %Al tt A. at, :g C et 0 co 29k. :g I I mi r Dt (M C2 et :S et! t et co t! nt nt. -A -4t 0 -j ct = --s cDt --s zf :DC P te O -AV -j -j =:X -j co 3,! O -A VIO ce -j -A I" 29 :9 O 2w co A C9 0 M -j -.A -4t = Cs a d L-3 :9 15 d- tt O j :SI '-CA. :0 a CD Cs :5. 2 14t 00 t5c tkht Cl" :9 :c at jj '- e -A C! g CM nts- O M) *t- :5 3. =5t C2, CD :9 Cs C9 a -j -j mil co &Aa -j r-! ox -It r- dt t±- co Ci Mx CL, tt V-s- pq 2- 0 cDt =: -j cqX :9 =te RI. -4 O -.j 1-t ce Cy J C9 zc CD -4 r -1 - C2 :D a VA :c = .5- 0 Bb :c -W ZC = "t Z DIt tt :c V t::_ ex -4 C2 O C2 m: =t C! CL I e -j * ::SA. e .5 ", = t e X e ex tb) 1- :c 0 -j t.! t!X dz 1AA, J c2 -j -J r, L3 O -j et ex et d. =cx zo c!) 31 e d It! -i tfx Mt 0 =t Z :Dt t:! C!, j Mt ah. :9X V- = = e =t d IA WI e Me Cs A. mi .3 311 e -j = -j -4. e E! 3D el -j Z! Z! _, GA -j --& a :9 P.- C! :81 -x ct m !2t -4 S) 'A :c cg a -A -4 0 C2 At. :2 S't -j -) Cs tt :-cX E! .0 35 21 - C2 21 ;3 A dj CM C2 to- O .4. et, ,Olc 2. 29 X. 01 et -j 0 250 e tt :9 c, C!, =c V) Co CO V if :c =c e ct _X :3 = Me If ; C! e_ M. ek -J, :Si. 3: d) tDt :9 :Cc Cs E: C, C tt 3L'X =I 51 0 -.Z tt Co C2 C2 -S LL) At d. -X :C :DX 0 CD tkht t*, e =91. = -At e- S :9 ct a - CS .4 d. tt C!W 5t C! C,! t ex Sx CD Cot - -i I "k. 21 e !VD C!) co x e V) :9 EA 2 C! -4 --ei. :9 MX Cot co 44 _3 CS :SI 'Li C-, Z X C2 -4 :bt V- CD Eft CD 2 I = = -.Z -4) =11 ri d -j C9 t! 2D O 4 -4A, el X: c) :S -Z co ct- !; C! :9 2D -At V- 3f. -* ,- 5, =t :9 LIn 1 -4 e tt 10 t-I co cSt : -4tt C2 Co et Mt . =t mkb e M co C2 _X e =S) co 2t :C O C co C! -i e tt -j CD -j O V, e __X 5X t' :5 - X! .4 :q V ci) ni -j t:!z et Vt V-1 cov wx V - :SI. = ift, C9 tt :9 :SX --a Mt d. 21 --A 0 e__ 'I 2: e = S :f. Co CU, C9 -Q 21. -Ah t -2 e X: e CM e Cs. tfx Z CC :9 :21. e Ot Cs VP cot ci -AX Cs p d. 2 C9 .0 e iD -C t e C9 -0 V 4 Ot =Sbe j C t -j t C RAIC 0 -A e* C9 :C dz =9 d :6 !x -46 co ;5b ml -4k C!W C!) d. -4 -X Cs -j j. cVX -j  b M) 3: =t We =b 3L' .4 Q 4 ca C2 :0 noaoavbM3etnoIjAN -Tt pin^^^tl~LLtrid nhjuanplo LLU MU~nrLlJA 17 p~~I nintun;na a-2 siu£nLUstDtk nL nntt alt-tdlc _ _ _ _ _ _ I I nW% w is L tJ tL sL.tw>4Dt4nnLL^mIUlOzI LUt>;utnttnubrLLut4rllrLuzMsuU tlU £ EmU O0Oz lilt Utitblltf. n u I IL4i 000'01 tttbStIt4tftIl . n~~~~fu t' ti2MtlULhut E£Z-fi69 1UftOl tLtIoUL 9 6Zl-669 Ettl ItLt0UUULrnAItttl | I I I tQul nyn z 1UIL ui-i 19 .[AL pn tuutnt hj ftnu t twu oooro4 ttn1riWtitnp tvTnyartnTtnt,ttuut nOrt-mrES?UbLLUI6flhlI-h.U.Lnu I Luy 00 ooo lIhhfWLItTn^t LUtprtI4ntyn1 0UPMUf1RUC01r1bRItURUMI| nu S t£ ainvnuit nUntJfluL3nLt4tuLP - *91 -*80 If 1- 11 9 ItLtl oU un ttUUI LRf rUtAtUtU ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ lUILUZ000 LILLSflL*htEt1tiZ~~hIl - t I' lWubt«^IlJnI4IUIlh~UI9ItILflgflGLdL4n mo nr 9,' _ 91. _ (L-S t- ^211 9S-9t p)nnaLnLnbLuLLurl QU%MfLnU-.^,Llosttjlkl etqs%maom m l^LsBt tob nl^Z obtitorqu K %MMUMUMU nMtSW1rtLtfULcrt *i SZI I tU i6,t*,IttS.SLtcL4Lt6rUsbSl b t>trj i nprtfIfLL4fLtiLLrLLWtl^USLUr^B rUIinLUSLUnt GEM ZLJLULR (E-S-b vU{) flU) LfLUaQlrSULVJrt1j 001 JpUnLlLtLttnUlrtLVULL fla LiLa .GwL4rselULaUQGnLtnXurttrMb kLuLL GOCd « LUULwtnti n huhnUtlhnTLVtRt?lULrt11 %MMIRlLtUMJUME-LUMr LLUt'LAL QZQ W tOIUQLW. MU.tnLULtlnU Z ^05p (LIhaUUrt 009 rtLJu) L1tU)AL?JLrUI5QMrLUUJLFL 8 RU111 Jb[t1pL5 zOS m6nrtFWnLC (Z-9St b ^Ull 1-g-t, ptF) houfn1t96UtW5L4lGQfQ S. S.~~~~~ IP ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~rlWUiL1ULahvqLuwLjrn% OO -.911 08L UL^SLUULrLLLULU tlIrUMLrL uQlJttrULLJLrq Otb llLUI iUtjt 7 numirtr l rtLtU-I4ll s6rt1UMLrLU -Q1U LULiltL SZZ £ nULLl tiUL I n 1uturLE uLP 4nHL unL9LLrtLrULK6Lt4r6b pAwdd p8C Qp_Atp0h ft,IrtLWHILuLuu NOIJLVZfIflHdanflSg SV9 a31 htt 1t An5IL 4 (8Esz riA) rnt L4j,ftl^Gp^uAdd oStb nLrwL6LrrLuRn1L° %L n1JbUQQGu (nr pnLPUknltn) PAwdd OZ61 MD (Zos) oQl innrMLULUrLtL- G ad RLrL-rtrtLuLK (O%MLKrmMUSULWLU.&IrUtL16 1t'Z .'J; [V161N L1inrtLnn6b1 >ton:LltLUMLrCt) O/£ hU^ LnlrtUr IQeiTnrtLnALtMlLU £ Iit~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~tt ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ AI' tb6II111,L n 1seW LLQ1LLU1sunL 9LLLft tri1AOLa14 5L;LLJL^LUULRAlNle3SUNlULQ1611tlRLLLUQ<;lLUhL^ '9 LW1 rnL.LWLtnui uw ju nwrte nLe oz zi zuo oMr OW nellbs;aL^f^slL^usrL^llLnwsuaLU -'srl nt zz wtts WWLkJnpuQusLrL> >L,QZLLL1.LT1tLQUC1,onLL4I6 nXsL/rtTtM I'sLIlv tZ n '4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~rfnfQ LhU1U~~L.~ LLQ LhU1~QrC1~L~ I.j~1L~UL s uLCnLLLUrAt~L.UU1.lQ1 n'4 nQllLLfisCbLlu nLsLn5sc 4S 5f 4Mlnelrsl* œ1m14qn 4.5-1 | isy4amzn712JuIo1maa ulilulun a' - - ~ nea- o tn ln 1JTh1WL1308tir4 (9U/11 lS41T2 ) 65.042 s 4uh mni4 (%) I 2 3 Wflluq4Idi4 (iW9s) 150 fr1unll4nruJluiHJis4 (LIUJ17) 6 quiliQlolfu (°C) - 41I PGD 130 L 'Th FGD 80 - SO, hI2 FGD 361 722 1083 FGD (%) - 80 80 SO, 361 145 216 - NOX 53 53 53 - Ps1J!Ie84 18 18 18 _~~~~~~~~~~~ nllSlsDs'UJU'IRIJ (ppmvd) :lU n ifnl 02 7%. 25°C, I iii fim! ffllW4W - SO, 128 258 384 - NOX 140 140 140 * qUattaf (mg/rn) 90 90 90 . SO 450 NOx - 180 - quaJmo4 (mgimr) 120 EWVIOI*%lK9/TAB49- IA_Q - 17 - N U , - mm, L*1mM ROM r i xF IM ML* I[ b,/_, //; O s Su v zTo wmqwIi2 PA17 A AA Wm 04 la~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,O 4.5 - ~1: Vi IiL#3i{UJLQ9U I t244^"o>s6tsn 'AU1i,tiJL1( 3 %S ) L;fiINW454 W9:tf 80 % SCRUBBING EFICIENCY M N *qh 4, in .~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~W . "%u o I 2 I,R , A t int OWA MM IWAA v ,iua I(2) I.-A *0XX tO > IOU5 ' t£° ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~UCS tIOnI 5I tt 11 1 4. 5-2: tnntusti 24 #2a1tuamU94o"fs4st^f{n13S)tv-4 9st 0% SCRUBBING EFFICIENCY 59 < . v~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~WWB2 -~ ~ 1 - * W1 LA1ICI MM O 1 2 1N M o I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I T WUWI ..~C d I / ,.* . Sm I J r' I (2,)- - I ," I- > I (\'re%%X1Z(I)/ A .-SB: NA11 -__ rM_ N ' -- ** - -3--o _M 1a - LN - . t . 9 .j-__ __ .' ~~~~~NP~~~~~~~ I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i'I\I 7 L .-f 1~~~~~S?s 1 -, - ,~ mi. _, IL- ~~~~~Qi~~~~12Z ~ 'M- 1 - -~~~~~~~~IA S SL Ii ~~~MM RACY 3 SOYA 1 4.5-3 ~ O~iU ¶n,tuti~a~1(3% s) MASM2A N SOMI go SCRUSUINCG EFFICIENCY N .a -c iwv U ,. =11 I U U 2II ( ,'MA;LE MO - - -- ( > a / l a- I0 S 2O YA @ L-07" ~ ~ on CRP SC" BM : / SDLA* Ul ' '.'''-''',a NR D21 I tU4.-6: UuW 7St tY 2'bI474*ns4 So SAtIW419>s4l,t iAU:*ifliJ'R(3%S)Wlfitl N I4S,; wtzi. Ui - tnrm, .r ' o 1 2tl ML .ML,<'; l o isouP Lmw IA 1lv1 e SW. W± - I) *, .W.j (Zf , , N)~ ~~~~~~~N L, o Pe Ao () Au g \C t scot| { | t | > -CIE: w. ttJi 4 -7 :? WL^Wja 4 ¢h4*9^X04 02 SD6tsm S{1st 5 *thRotwla ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4- - £z -% a a~~~~~~~~~~~~ nntL oLJ F LLUrLIMFtetRLUuLLUhtrw1rtIAn1 LQLuLILtrN 1A n?uuWLnnL(llLU(3h tz; at . a l U' a.&Pb tt FL PnLnuL vuznLL9LItLUstuntt^o- 'HKu nuullOnRo MLUl6bLLULtRLW (T) A~~~~~~~~~~ nL~tunAllsLunLunILLn-up-tuubustLUnlrtoirtuA 6ttOsLUsUnrt 'Su nUMOLsn wlriurumbrvtuumt >ommi ngm>; L OhL LUbLULQvUIJ 2lU1LLW1LS4LL( - ~~~~~~ *~~~~~~~~6 rtLt3L LO.fluoD ftw=ttFIIAj4nALUDrIUR1MLUQNLniiuQn POUPWOLRt'QLIUL0II rULAtULJ 1 tjLUitLbL QDLo r1iQFL UIuN U' ll~ ~ ~~~cllw p .p is. RosL,,&LcwAT;~ncAsnlLRr-tQulGsaL -LtutrinltL>tv fLQ,tSLLp I LLLIhLDsLnuLE LL ? IA(L -dMkUA KL5QUI'LLRU! O/l/id utLOt- LLtt.-& - r' A UPL)mM'LUR A NiI-LI,FLOiUL1,riRQJ.-Lt6LtiA loidoomd DA1ISUOS MfILRLnl uo!lLjuouoD xIUAI LLt LFLtLUW t41-MAt tLULURI UWV SLULQPLo tQAILUMWf-l0UlLU b 8 fW,L )IiD juuW Zee'Sr w [1f>SLt b' &t,LL05LULoUU~4t eY sUD0ILM hIU,R1 MiLUfLLtIMUM6ALWLU V8 OJ,GL(4 )pW4J WflUeN LLU(IL4ULUF 2~VP4 - -UL&QLR LAQ LUnnILIf R tOLL U 1 8 a rtUnQbLUnLPbllnQ Ln LUnn uLPr.-nI1 L[LILH1LhhUJL 1tLILL-rU~PAtttr4n-G-tvttrt U'Q Q16LWLU2L F uL2 llFWthL ;flL LhLl5LUhWnLL4oO 't4U SLitSU Lt4tLU1L~Wl'dltlLkJalQ4U~O ~Lfljb a WIfQI cQllvununw"linUrt^n^oLvsv bnVl^ntsans,asLubhsL;Nul *L LGfl1 ~~~~~~ f~~~~~~~~~~~~~~nLtL tt-0 a ~~~~~~Ya alosIue;ll s nu^siwrtWO fistUrLLt41u ftulL tIIrtLLUrtnaLstLIL Mny/rvnou os n trtRmo ^nttLtl(Unr,/,rt'rtnulo %t/rt^ugrfu2 8LO'E ftnAlnl ILtnf6Q rLU OX @4UaLtLttlltuL5iUrt U0 a W F ' a~~~~~~~~~~~. - 1 aF Ip * a V p O a a V F LtEBUGLQ 1tL~ (LULrtr/rvrtl2 6L-0) hL/rVRIl 81b'89 ^:< LgU[LQ2L;?tLJ Si b£ tUWQIflU tLUnLgoQw (ULng/-w/rtI2 vbl) tVrLo- 96b'86 mUnoLUlLUr;LUt(UL4UOL6lS5LU WUTWIMPI WE8 Ml3Ut-U53=BMLILLUrtME -10MM 5ullOOD RLRL,%ILtLttfL '0 UI5LUI tmOFW4L2W,UlU5ULU MUv tQfU6QU QQMtnHLl&uU UWlKbE UllQ LSSUMOL^LwO K - O a1 V | w - I I LLunXbRosn4Uut .tu taQIuL nL^oQ4 LCpunLOu[LQnLj ?%WIWLULU3LULLU (o) rttLQL sL nL trQSEUsLLUrtcL4UnnUL&UQ' 0,90OLLULuaMOM) [t £.Lu OLW ut hLAIdPvIlJJLUAIL LurtwrL nLU tuM[LnPLH11 MlLub MIWllUttitLurtL (g) LtMLdlLARUIIUl/ L15L MLU1 b lU&tQ51 nLttMoLUV lRUAULVLUUStLt LnI quouLQS L. 1 P , wLL~LUPiW TOL if tJ'L hLL Lzwt ~ LItt~O~LJ ~ , o' a a nLsUC1U lQ11 Q LRUW6U 1n f6bstsLLPUft nL(ttWntOLLLnOrLLiaLtALLUs LU) LUoglI rtS0u llt~SL llItNiUS ¢W el L0UALt5UQnQLUfbLLWfU2I'H LRULAUU oIuitMLU^Qn1 nLtLdrrRtLtUU°ttQUfILU QU GQI2tUnLOLRUW&LULURLLLU (S) t~~~~1 o m IWs P tc o6Zm g a LtL tnLInLDNrPttlnPI6nLrtLUt4ULo>anI MmORMajamnQ f ULM (Z) tLusLJ11IsLLuni jnL);LCmsLfthL11 QL1 RLUNDPIA6lgsLunlnlespLau AltnturLt nIAUP 1nu 1C11 LRbLL i-.LLU4FtULuij.fl~-LQ KIA KLLtbur Lrtg6.nLULL p~OLnm * - 5Zq -4 L fl ral SUWOA0 qQlttlzlnnl4sultu z XQnAlMUUFgUnrglwCAUW gLjLUO41 rtQQI4tllMlRGlAM, sLrtLWt4lWtLUJM6Lftrt-. JW r II CQlL P-U t t rt 0P-16M - LLNt WU P- L4PUDPIInl2)trL awiLROj IImUu rtInm1 oruL MRtlQ6Lnf6RnFUnR.nQf,V LXL tf6lniUftLO (UFnL-s- I HrAU ItOQnR6nPFlLt aGD1 nnLsrLLLn,Q ltns IQ?4fl'lQUtLLQII LnlJu^L2 51~ftfl2Ift 01 *tLSUwLJp ULrtNlrvtco I~1asn1 auoj rLr,LTh lt~wr tQLuXLa4lQLUtSil3u051~dLril f LJr1Th2Qt 01 LUJ 1ALMOURtLMAD W(rtnQQls 01 *CUUMOMMIMtn -[;qSnJD Mef faloftlln fi toGALNxUM6Xe6eLd L IUQhll|LVILVIUU, -Mg AIZZUO IlLuAMna -m ,zzuD MrnnLM 'aPQaI 2ut e:oidpoaj oul,,tsrsn isddon_LRllLIdoinuU Rlfl6LnffnL rtr~r ,, A'wPII~Ij Pt F1111 fIfh bL3I@,8L~~~~~~~~~3abIob -~~blDw 4 ~ ~ ~ ___________ - . -T L -P-W T .'- d- iT h. T4-%V YVTeT-J C UN dLNI! 1 PUU I VNIlIUU V C- ;% 1-7 C- 4p C- -7 c ;3 -7 (r c- C IZI -7 c C- -tc C r, C- -7 ;:I C C) C4 -7C- C fr. ;:r -T? _& )) 83 ZE I ;9 -7 r- :2 -m or, P 6- -, v- ;3 c C- LC) ba ;& Cp3 C14 'IC' _P IS ;- C14 (r. -7 C- t. C c- 49 rc tF: r -7 C, A 7cr p i. c C- IC; IC, -7 =2 c fm ag aa Cl -7 C- T. C c- C- ;2 C- r. -7 CD C- C, F) a ;;) - 'F, G3 ZP -7 C- - 41 c G3 la C- aim C ;j C- OD T. a c- T. C,- E! c C- C IE c 0. IC. C, :& C- C, c- ;I -7 IF c- C -7 ap G3 IC, Zg C- C- IS -7 ;z c C- c c G3 (P C- -7 X ag; C, 7 4-3 ;a c- c- CZ G3 - M C- C- F' G3 - U V6 7 C- -7 C a A I,_p C- tr gm I (r. 9; AG M G F, C- C- ;p t. C, c- O f sr -7 0 C C C aip I3 O.- c- 4r C- 11:3 ig ;2 v 2 ic IP ap - C- 63 C r. (p IC -va a 6 - p G3 'cr -T.:1 a 4k. _K C- .14S Cp3 ar. :2 7 c--7 zi C- 9 Z) ;I- i C. :2 C ZP (P it C' ;2 :s Q -7 .r. c- c- c- VT C A" -7 C Jr. C C r, C- Ga ;3 C m C, LO C VT. G3- C- ILQ -7 -7 ;3 AT.; C- C (r. c, -7 C- I O ;r C- ;; C I) r- - U )3 C- -7 C- -7 7 4 C, 4k. CZ C C, -7 C,) -7 -I$: -7 -7 M "q C- ;, c- ;3 ;3 r. ar#3 G- -r G3 C- t. ,C Cs ObSZ rutRn oULS LOtM9fi1O DIUQU rLt LRLr E eb0 VW %F % flLUtt% GUGRCUIMnU MMRMt !W~ ~~~~~' nblt nLsUIturW tQBUQWUQflMQWLU I%Lh QIBUO!6 U IVUIUYtQLtU. UALMfHL1Ut1.WI A*:v < 7 OPEWI 1l(mEADCtlM AN3 LLRtIrLLUrtnL wbrtaust ULnLUDMn) QUTtIttrELILlAMM1 [\LttQbAGOnKrtLLUHtttMSL%KUbl nQLrtMAU 2rLi6L,uutlrtlirmip.u;Qs>gar6 p ~~ ? r . ;.Ao ULs ,y1fns0g,lrubaZn;ol aft 6rirqslJlAuszL nthr nn LLlJt.ItRLLU Otri MUL.LU LUntnLtsLmLM sLaKLUfbLnL-b;tLurstr.u^-MLuZs.llX-u.LtrtLt rtmrtluothOPVIS WLRUiUXtt !rtrt rts,yn>;nll^Unml--nILnnlnnLtULF#tJ rtoyiutlitunNll-.u11mLrnlnnL.>u^nL#QAGn)ilL,sI rn^;tunQrtLtutI-uuLP tl.ts LUtsul1 rtO,iitltlCQt6rU4StLIUMLtRUMSLunnIL1 6UbLO tsn,m%nQ ip. s1 mmn p 5 p 4n^wnLLUWkLtLLLU l rtylhticlnlt)IrU.-LUttRUNLunLtRLL rtwrtuKBitQp Qc,yRMLrtc,u 8s5Z rtuLtniL 81 ~%UQ 1O6Z-Lt,6/9V c.612ULL Bfg 0 uSLs 0t19Z tUILnrE s 119OL6(8101/ANa n-CSJtC-'%LLrySl O8VCLL£' L-04LLZLLL 'SU1 OtI6T hiQ LIu mumnuLi tiDLnhnLlUfL2 M .LL rla3QQr ) O LLG1Q OL?LLLU (S-t0LL )06LZ-Z8L 7 Wam GM MWr20 min W , t l*bLlt; ul.wq;AUZ;n- I .._~ __- _---scsO (X a *i ISLUTUJ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -- 'U MOWM ..................___ .__ ... ____ .._ ___ UULAL -P'l;wELt;Zr4 IU RfAV-M 4S-- w p ~~~~~~~PI ?1rtr,U g 2LELtrLg r.l- u ,wL]Le 9 W , tgt D IJr .LUr-?UUW f-'-P4R iM I6LIM1l ?~ ~UtTh~ ~LUl URU 11lZTh~IAt~f1r~L W~1I '~LIULmnLtLPLWtLW6LnLgIIWLQ ^,- a- .. ^ W Lw . , LnUMuLLUnUtJUrnLbIfLLuLuTri L1an t St ~~~~~~- j * , MLULB IP L n , rLn _ , _ , _ P ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~*U;- 7--bng a4rtRA NLnLtQLu f < Ess~~~~~~~lhoartomiUMAuJOLn LL&4LFLLLu~LUnntstQ W IL n (tonatow uL rLtutLnu flLlurnl LIAlJUnns; sl - . -. LULULfnt WLIhLULOLn~f .: * 4 ^ w * *. QILQrtULD LLAMA2U261 LtLL~L OULUUMUPH4 WO BLVAIAI3LLU LL4tLULI r= KUL-% toovenim OattuLhaU bl rn-.LUItQLftLtUtuOLVjAQULI tLUSILUt nnUOLUL nm 1ULQQ tfsnianol mm6nau rtu untn LLca LnrtriduaULmKL OV9Z rt LLUnWILIItIlQ LUkQA OtGnstw £utI ewew 9ft~ OLOLSL£ 'ILML1 8L 8 LL ' L- OLLLIL£ QSWI _ a a~~~-, OVZOL MMW1U r:UnLuntLInl n%LOk21r2 oct nor CLSMOLU"tttU tiC2MrtLLdWLUnrir (S-toc/s)06Lz-z8lz9 wLu ss3tmat4cii Wueptim *n2 unsn d~~~ l :1 :S ~~~d C s .C 04 -J e 4' .e £ e~~~~. 4 ~~~J x , .4. -J 4 C .A -4 . .-A 2± ~~~~c( 3 eJ. -j 4. tt :9~~~~~i t C 4. C:9 c 2± 8: -' cl). A~~~~~~~~~~ 4 a 2±1 -J C) ~~~~~~~~~c EtC4. o. 2±~~~~. -a 4. a Cs C ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~: :9: CD ~~~~~~~~~-J C. -Al~~4 Es .~ ± 02 C ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C -4k. a~~ 0 4%~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. I 11.ztnK~Qq~IO,, aq, punoi!) If:)Bi LLJKt;tLUJ L11LB6LutLUcQUL*nnllJfiltOI uk4LLnLWRLUnU.uammtnLyLLU e IbSZ MkLUrt I .tiltdU Z UOQ nQ^SnurLtttLl %tUL l--^tLUMLtU5pUnRLUtJi (L£SZ *ub-A) i vtrit QZMLKtf,;u-=sLJU.URrLW Z 20 1 ILIntLinrtLnnwlWnULLULLL1BDLfl-Ai3 rL^UnQULLLnLLQUdLmLttLLUCLL4U ( °N 1!0 XAVaH tA QFrtfilLKUlXJALU ttIt&I ULLU-1L1U4LtUtLULL U%ttQ Ll1HtIM StUtMLLs kM.L1tt.LLLUtLtLWU *Z ,96LeL4L---IP1ftRj UOISSluM3 lhnRUGNLMLS!gL^@D^.UnGtrtUtp_L4tUELlttLUttu1 COIILLW 3' -~~~~~~~ UUUIt4I 0ZI1 nuKirc dSjL *udd 081 nUat% xoN tudd ozR nUbl,Kl ZOS OnUL9tUlNRIlt-G AM]U 005 < LRnl%LLA~KjQVO 4!11393 tUHUKUtltlU ttKULL M>AtLlt-Git-tQUleIMI tLUULOLULtLtCLU^UQKrtIn-LLLUnLftdtZtKNtL U°!SR3 ongLUGULLOtULLUnLtil 'I (MN L j9) L^-UnQtKEtUKLLAKLttitWLZ lUuuO GURUtRKQ1 rItylzAirt&iQO!S!1 P4U.~i1L vI ^LUQLLI F1LtL UtLuLt EL el CL Mk X: 19 C!, A. Mt- .4% 0 Z :C na :9 VI t = EL .Cs cD te 0 V ID cg - = et En E: X M) CD CD L9 .4 CD - n C V; E! Ix C dt tj V OA Ef 2S wtv 0 =i. tt 0 .0 C9 Cil .4c Co .2 -J a a r!p do d& Z: O'l AO 3- , .3 d- _jv: -4 t! V ,o CD -A -4 cc 0 t-- do ot so -J -e co. C2 9L 0% d- -J M I M) es -.J te e &J t! !W OR :9 Mt. tt .4 0 4. :S# J -0 C! -4 C J CD C! -4 V tt CD V ce n -J 0 c! St -J -4 -3 - M. -3 te 3D%t J 'a ar- r-I - Cs co , -S A .4 Mt- t! SD, (S is d* Mt 21 ce CD J _x x M: t:t_ -4 29 CD co J -J :9) -J ttA .3t W v M cLO V%t :5 d. 0 Cs M 19. d. Mt co =11 tt J d. VA -J P-lit Ca) tf ce X: C9 OV V X!. Sk. -41. Wo =1 J J J > CD 0 43 d. ft C2 co t:! 'o 00 3:! C2 cSt J ft :51 n Z: - = V St ED 3D " .4 Po -.0 SA- 3:: klb -J e a 29. M: te! Lkx 4 A .0 :1 :SI. LA -.0 M) t tn' -J A C5. 4 -J t, J -J tf c!D C! V If -J co. d0 :DI Ln O' -J E: . 3:: a) M) !W A. -J M) !X. co CLO -J tf M -J -A ("C :f cD .4c :D 3:! c! -J Ot! :05V c: Mk -J ) . = LV -At in -A -J -J M :S J -4 Mt lt'J4 nl'JT',311 AI' D4 flll1U3gaU MU Z. IIl^ f1211n 4.5-1 (Ifla84n: 300 UJnwl'9I9) '4pjuniiina1sib faln dl7u1lwio:aln4 (;U/1j/LU4) 65.042 S 4uh11o¶vli4 (%) 2 rlm)q46l0o4 (iU917) 150 l)lUfni4nilJMlnlhJfi4 (niU7) 4 flrumjnflillJlJllnJi4 (W""O7/l1U) 20.7 (130°V.) qG-QWMalOav ( C) _ | - bJNlU FGD 130 - filU FGD 80 oX71nll1ntI84a1olnrinl"1tuJi4 (ou.u1ju/ ;) 260 (130°-V.) tI;ulowlolaru (nfuAulA) - SO2 1Un FGD 722 U FGD (%) 80 so, 145 * NOx 53 - 18 gimmlanmo nt4ylnftn 2 = 7% tYPlTIZlV4 25C fJlu'i"U4JtaO (ppmvd) * 'AWuWo3 02 7%. 25C. I iU7Uflnlfl inni-1In4 (U1U FGD) - so, 224 - NOx 114 - q1Jf-8aw (mg/M.) 73 - 320 NOx 180 - qu1V4 (mg/mr) 120 flUl 3 ENV lOtW96189TAB4-ICXLS co CD Et- ale a 0 a 0 O a CS (3 -4) MO A C5 X! 4tf ti C! ID mbe :sk. V M) CD el :9 a 13 ct 4t O = -4 A t4 j -i " -A tt Z4 -a = -x e = kg -s CZ !!s te d- -j a N c =g 29 00 C! S, Z :s Cs Zj O -1 M6 X! t z Zf a EA. - -4 0 Ve -)b Cs .9 Coll C9 A. A. :9A. --s 2: mo- S 1: E: 39 .4 2 -sk. cs .3 -At (3 CD - CD a :go,. a n -j = a v I C9 tt s .1 tAl a, = = 42 :5 r! co C9 Z! OIL C! E51k CD 6! C& ZD --a Al t:!- T! = 19. et te C! P RL. m) tt j C: 0 C!,c Ml to! -4 : VA. -S vi o- e M CS. co. Ml C9 IV 3:: a V O Cg - A :0 . 41. C!) 4 0. JA :5 2 -Z CM te A St 42f C!) tt e -j C2 x ,Mt 0 el' Co a CS la .0 :9 O .4 :9 A co te L t:! A et X! --) CS - - -j el Z. - :C t! -j d =5 x! CD C: .4 -4 X! I:!- Z co C2 -A _5 + _j VA. v ),C CE C! - 2 -1 :;& Ml. P Zj :2 -j el C2 0 j C! co% A C9 -.A te -.Z 0 e, e M) rf t:! det d. 1. A. X! co. 5 C2 CD Mt .4 t! 1-1 tl! O --,,e -A - -j 2 C! Ow d. -j V it C) "tt -At bt 2DC .4 ce 3fl, X: C! Z. OQ Wo mi tt CD. *. -j a 2: w C) tj We -j U) 3h A S. e -j C9 0. CL tL C! CD CZ If C t m: a Cs Cs = M). II 1. "t ce tt =1 -A :C_ :9 "h O C! t:! C! CD =a CS CS. E! Xf co -4 X: C3 a :3 :9 -4 S mi cm O -x -4 cg O C! el. C) t t =Sk O -A Z! t:! e- LDI O iD d t-i A a 00 mi ea O -i -j C.- C! C t = " If Ae co - =1 r Z iD d 0 0. W- A. C te CD co C2 Z. t2 a 29 el -J, tev te --Z i:9. CO _j Fo O t:!W- SI Z E: MA. 3 C --a I" -j cv. -1 a ce -CD. -) =SA " =5. 2D -A -A 94 r- R -8 E& ;:e o E! X:) I- -0 Z -4 :9 M E! -j -, -i -4 t C cg C9& M. V-1 -j 1: -4 C!) f. cs ce n :St -A CO colt -j 11 -j " :D C) -e tt. e :R CD t! -4 .4 Xfle -1 -i C9 C! d t:: C! -S s Lng 01 a~ a uurrtnLLL;sLUirDntdnll rtLLtrtnt nL t1 ltrtl fQLsn1ziWLU6ftfrir'Atu s6 LIAnIUMrUi ULtLr LSuIrtL gi swrtwnur u5(i.rt.uul4rtL 0s1 totD.anr-Lfi6bt>n&nknlrstLu nurLmng.1X -nu Z-1 WrtuRSltL Il~~~~~~~~~ - L%,tl lluI66LU1xn^UtPIrLLL;t^- %Z ntuzLULuAnLnZfl^uL11 cd DULULHLLnR MUKIQ61 Aa nLtIUnrftn .LLLUrLtLuL ZJS1 Qt3L u (z) (nr¶LunLP nLt.Nu OZ£) rtRjLptlLt&nIWLr<_tniw nttL.UnLpnjL. OZZ'I n5wapUFQLvRFU%rtrlrtLL LU GDo raLnn^srtLQnbj Z ^uQnsu-rtLUrtuLLinrtLneluLu (1) ntLc'u u UM QKaw [U*2CLthUD (16) auLL1:w[Lt'QI.nLt(L6Lrt 6rt0U£ LLuaQIrutuSrL £ L GurmtU LflS6LLUQQ(416uQNtI6UQi6nlrt. 2LLL r1A UMLrL ,US4lEUaQt6fUaI6LUULsrLL.Lu uNu (I) ULUQUOLFji 1LLU.J6 Ltn.lnrL SHj3JdOSI 1QStW11LfL.NQ, . dSI. ^I311 ;OS %RL#t VQainLiLibLkiL2lu (0rbttiLU) LLrnI.nLLL (Ii) (nh) dSJ ^U11 'OS RSCLL QW2IGluoLltaU, nrLQLu iratf1u (06) xON ^U11 'OS %LI4LP .rQnfl uu LtsLQlrn LL nI6FU6irtLLLu (U) n 1% - -~~~~~~~~~~~~- ,. . . - , 4 4 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~tg ruein>unallraQsnCU uaH fRbXu^anl:LUl9nLs^FSLUoALuALLLLQUtW as Mn CRN Wl WM ALAOt w W B l w T |-w -r s T ii~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - IIU o~~~~~~~~~~~~t 4-~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~ - I ~~U¶U W~/ / ~~-.-½ML. ~~. __ "aAni .~- - - - - i- ' ' ' ' o' ." *': q~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~uNtT 3I.,., A OW _riAn - / / 1* ) t 2 .~~~~- jdl 4.5-1 : w1wof m cu&uoo 1 *1lu4;4qwve. so, 1.,aeu 5unif74nh2 TAoa1tuT1iam (z%s) sgmu4erni igE uoN' 80 % SCRU881NG EFFICIENCY. ; A-141 6 L L?U4 A3NMIZHA3 ON1FIDIWS %OS arzlhI tw9OUtQVII (S%Z) LMVILttAIOH LtbLUULWjntlLneLu 'os to&MhA jc t G 1U njm,LwUMn .UI r L cart vrww 3=ss -omw I - I I I I I MM am xA- M O K ON" a _6 xa I w_a0:we OVIL am~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I r 4 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~N , * z , . , WV" otp" VA W Wr| § W WT ; & N 4I ,,) tm0e Ii to in' U~~~~~~mm me tue (L-n~- L L. .: ~ .' I - --q - - \ ,,y- s1~lMc - - -*-* - - * - - - / - - * -D x- - .- m M. - b ' - - - - am. -- .1--I.- Jn 4.w is i;onwa soS VW lVoxn rulsnituJul 2 )liluoE .~ ~~n .aa, / tn 83) VW in I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.ClIeE 1iIl 45- IR1UAm4S4A~&ilAIs SO Tfl1uA nhBAtW11~arn(2%) aadmi 11rn1 80% SCRUBBING EFFICIENCYMON VW I 'W'l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A l 6 Lto 06 ~ ~ * AlL ON tAMO m~.iam . 3~x wosw : B IL &kL AUf MA, , , ,, p p .___. ALA I ,,,X," M I 16\ < , , . . . , , . . | { t f t # l . *. & t /~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~V N uEe 11- m * Wsou V1 ------ --- _- X 'tl ':1 1 tL ~~~~J, m " ORWk _ @w*i *1r\/) { / mu 5M (t t) ( //\ -- . ~ - M So Pe to In IM - In IV' I, ii~. I W ( ~ ~ ~ - -i . ll]US '2 l4 - - O o5g1n l1uaut (2%S mu ,--i U- cMt *10(31 455 d3ulWvnlrnuwInoh*, 24 *i1WI4~~fr~s~, SOS 1gtJ18U1IU~~lfl74flh7 lAUllhaTuarn (2%S) imjz4A INA i W-411W an m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I tr~~~~~~~~~~1¶)1 I S S~~~~~~~I d ' s'\''-sg : *A '"'':s F i Sr6 ; y I I .1 z p~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~p ,~~~ ~ II . If I zi q'm OUteGAInatl tLO I wUfUnaH jt luuIL dU NWht Ilth tg 4" fCLtMInL: L'g-q * --, ;VA MOO A N 00 _ r)x/ MM /OK W E E ,_~1 -. .-. ,J _ n ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~m -~~~~C UI ' NW FAA~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~M invN l . ., , , , _ , l I * y * * * ' 0 'dL ' I "W'M Om-at~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I VI 3 Wm,~~~~~~~~~~~~ H111411 4.5.2 noue4uuvolae vems31 s 16etasenffdllamim"Vou1 13UiIW~iWU84 1J7 4ninMA 0-8 I I- usThonhi¶sluluful 184 FGD (MAnRaDJUu.) IUD dM4810aFean v a (%) (%) 1 1U. 24 1U. '30 d1uidau8a'4 2 450 150 15 1.120 80 90 30 3 224 M1flflil1t: Background 9IV4 SO2 t Flif Ii1'hTIiJ (ND2) 'AuIq4?ju VI1Jz3 174liA 1fnUl 29 ijin./aii.m. 4vfhnllffl 10 2JJft./ U.lJ.ll914tldA1MiLW¶l114 1U nfti8ji4 NO2 iRlqvvd7lhiNnulm 10 2ioin./aIm.1. v44mnn4ii NO, UflUli:lwa 2 IlUN4 NO2 14 snWl 20 uin/nJum . i?hlSjW1:84mnWIT -50 ijfin./n.u. u4 nnmuL4nYIilUnu¶le9n1 ; flWz&JellUIJ Background ILA f1h1lJ41J1eflf S02 V4Tf l'u FGD u FGD UWfI)lu I T1V. 460 unnfJnu.. 100 uinnfafJn. 780 JflnJ.ln. 24 T2J. 160 unnJin.J. 40 2if\lf./anJlJ. 300 unn./au.l -litJi 25 in)ini.J.U 13 3tfl.nItlm. 100 ltlfn./alix. NOx q4tf I 1iJ. 53 3ifflniaJ.1J. 320 Jtin./mIx. S]u 24 YU. 54 utinJa.u. 330 itmn./ju.x. lv ~ fl1 51 13nnl.u. looutin.m. 'tul 13 !A cli -te 2. d't th- z±.3fi t2 -4 o 2) 2± ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~). 21 2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~% CZ ±ld 2 2±~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' ~~~~O a t S co . c2c Z! MCA 'ad. :D - 0 - -~~~~~~ -, -, 2± ...a -4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:iee-- I-4 M 2) ' t4 ! 23 4 m A. e.. co~~~~~~. .A _5 _J co~~~~~~~~~~~'. 2 ~.J - i S~i ±z e 2. * -4 r4 '~~~~~- 'U2 3 . 2 a " a, ~~~~~~~~ldI C-' -6MI t u~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r MI2 LI ml CC ** a1 22± . l C S Oa,.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- t. 2± 6) 2 0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2±' 1,~~r 9 J 0 jw 9 c 3 .~~~~~~4 -A 2 4 C) Ca, c)~~ ml A :3 0 _j 2 -J -i C) -* *.~~~a ~~ -~~ 2 .4 .~~. FL- - CC ~~~~~~~~~M Co CD C.t::I_ 4A 0-A JC2 0 .~~~~~~c .- 0 , Aft a U'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t: 2*2 C es CD j 2± 'a .4C.4' co emt -JI.- 2±.' 2± - 2 -JC~ du !c M M) = C 2±-J d. --4 a~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~ 2 2 2±Mt ±Si -J 3! a ~~~~~ a~c 2vi ' ± ' :po :k z!l l r .z 0 . 4 a 231 CD ±~ 1.. 12 2. ~~~~~~~~~ - .4C~~~'2= - 3D .3 la 2- a a2 .4_ ~~ a '2± '.~~~4 2± WC 2±D CC2 a 3 2± 3 32 CD 'Z mLrt=l nWLUfgownt AJ6 o_0 GILnritLJtbUL 0~~~~~ !a a WMMUIlRLLUM16 'b ZE ML£ tA^53RQuatsrt4QUtouA(rUQIIUtOU QLr.ILnttl^S6QUWUmpUIQU^O 6 8Z QaUsrbl4tmQ4Cm )LULQCtLgU^SnQtrtLfLbUlLLOSLt1U Lfl&QI~rWI4Tu Ia S 11U r t a A W~~~~~~~ r^ouUL1t1Q :L^snL ht. I ,fLpo uun nusrt> * llUI 000469 b?lntNUI4QftJcI (LnRsLt nrc/rrLi2 nuoo9 o Lfgfrqt1n Ia LE mLWftUS&IiMQ zO JMOJ& SuI1ooD uLiLn a LLULWtQGUIdV tn(en.KumbULauuQtLwwUllttMrtuI LjL oltt -.K OLUtlUtIB3Lrt.LcpIUutQgi tIQtL&Ln?L l JOAOL SUIjOOZ) UL(kLnrLt.LtLu nuiL4WWQl.OOLLQtWILLUtsLUJtb 9 rLuirtttt llt lna5^twrLP-ULnQ(Njlbfbn-utul6l4LU : L0 a2rt$In lApurtCslGrsQturttI nKnLQLnn-t-ii -ozi~n5ituruy itrt-unfs QLnun^ullnrwuLnunirtr.LnnXuLon,QeltfuLU 5rtakLn tgQuLJtrtulQnrLLnpLruInLLn^.o %L/%nh oL9-06E MLftsn .i,n ecLUtlQiuanKulLULnbuItM %tu n,uu sZI Mrutr-t^ nUtunLj2UL%.^nF RUIrtb1KtlRLunA1 L 1LjJltQtULUI7 ULLU ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~tSM 91 Lnh O ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ WItLGt41nAlLAIus &Lft6HtblLJ2artussQtyl)t Fs.LU nujrnumtiranj LUL^sFrtaL-fLinur mLUnL L LLU LLFLu-.LU2tfULanW L Ut6LrrtLtS )2.LU^tsbQMsttJnaL4nfnlUL&t(nIn a;aatlsn"ntriaot^L LLUht,>£ LLw~tLf UL2NRGN.LOrLUlla tt NLLtU. LWRtL LLUtLLU *8, U11:uwLLhQrb%LULQwM SVL11LLLrQ)ILLLrLILUfn4LnLUMWn92LL6LLU iUI °%OL-09 MLt:L[L17.LLU gnt 6 u (dsi) nG CMI IlL L 4I3UtLL tOS %LRJ66Uif1n ULirtjULouaul1rtn11^UnOULasUAGMIu nALnutLunnrnt6 un2ftml (,OS) I.1LUQQ .lQsA1MLULULotyLL41tsLcJLUrtnhLL.:a rL.unakrtLLtUt LpLtLjLLUtLL4j IL ftSltLtLunuirwUlrj 'ON QLial.-LUIMULU -6011AI M2l6UtLN1LLUULSbdWU. 'ON mmU UFtL N206t C NOZ NOILSflSAOJ MinLtr1n (aunfl1mip' HNv~) Ir,ruF IWe LLurun1 cn7tsLLSUuLL.Gkm1RLttGnnLQ,rtL nl3tLLirlPULntLtULttrtU=MQUtt&6 LntQUULarlULUQQr uLLULt, 6 NOUVTD :I1ga SYD 3fl-d LRr . LtoLL%GjrlrtaunnULoUQin -saNfna 'ON mOi rt1Ium tiatnULGuaoILU a a a LtRt^Sl,iQ1nLi 'ON Ft>RC.LULtLflLJ4Utt LpU NULHtttULMt>nLNUQxUtRlUQQLLUfl%WIKLtt^i ue LuU Bl6l^nRLy LnLLW bLttLtLJb.LJ ltLnGrtbnLLu^nU 2U0l 'ON 'ZOS ptnl.LLLP?LFrtll ULULQ4W1UM (I) wol* 11U2LUQHUMLLUUtKK, t. KQUilt'DnttyLUaNtUULRLLUtLtn1LL4.-.L?nI 16mMLUlAttLL *0T nJ6-trnL?LLUIAL t-op- loMrULJ-.pt,ns tLtIsLuunnssnL"LN 14W06 (Eot -mook) nlsnu.tZU nalUnlsLsbUQlRn.Ut^slfiUFsuoWaO *AUt (A u)nXlF;L sLUIAUILuLtu^aswLUtsulmnunIELunntuI nLUMIR,uuL2u,LnLLJL[LlnRU tUL1UnQn IMIrU OWG tLtLisLBr (t L u ufuaiL) aUJn2cLsLLrLU f futfl L,LnZIU Ui slJ AtnLh1 UunnLulWL51 ue>1 QLr.GPUnQL4?UJ UMJQC HL,L QU LLUZ'UnKnIrtLQI4j hAFt 9 MI'Q WU.IC LPL~LU1. t>a«n^;lQ>bu 6 -tIrI U _ 4 rwlrnsIo&QN. LU? 9LflL~~~~~~~~W~~UKLW4! ~~LILLUt LW~~ nululBRax netunenttuczeZztlttUttil~~ C)At2 e. O 4 dt -D .4~~~~~C o ~~~~~. 2± ~~~~~~~ ~~~ -~~do 38lk .-* 2 ~~~~~~~~~~~ ...a ~ ~ ~ ~ C! Z QL. tt tj~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'~.-- =s ,e 0 0C.2.J 0- 2±2a~~~ 2q~~~serA j *.4. r - .4 z~ ~ ~~~- S.2 i- - ±2 co . X! .4 . i .42 4 ~ 2 -A **4c 5 d 2±- - t C2 :S -o~~~~~~~~2 e'a 22e- ~~ 2e 'a ~~~~~~~ 0 ~~~~ 0 ..j a Wssa' 3 -A-j : Z 2. t 2 2 2. Cc 2 : C! -a~~~~~S et 2 r A.2 2 a 0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ aa,~~~~~~~~ . ak ' -J 2 Co .4 a .j - 2± ~~~~ 2 k~~~&. - - 'a~C &M Z! - 2.- 28.4 ~ ~ ~ 'ae . El ~. 2 co2 2 ~~~~~~~ 2± ~~~~~~~~~~. 0 ~~~~~~~~~~~* ~c.i - 0 2 CC 2 2± ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2' .'a~~~~~~~-iZ - 3! -a !* - 4g - .. 2i Si 23.4 2±a. ..~~Co2 A2-A.-' ~~ -J ~~~~~. 2± ~~~~~1t2-~~~~~ r83. d 4 - M 22 0 .4 v I 2± S. 2 - 2.0 292 Si ~t 2 Si - It 2 :D- - mi.4 C!9 A. CI.:,. co t -a 2 A - CS ~~~ 2± 28 2± _ .4 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C - 2±~~~s 2±3 Cs2 0 r9A± C 8 ± W c zc -'d 0 3± 2 -s --S 2?- CD~ .4 t . 2 CC- ±-~ ±- 'a rC 2 2: Cs' j 2 'a ..z 2±8 2 2.R = - 0D co' -.5 2 ' -J 2 .4 .4 Si 2e~~~~~~~~~~b ~~~~ -~~~~e _ 2± 0~~~~~~~C M± 0 . --z -A CD ' .,~ M)..z 22± =2± 2±9tR6C ~82± a3 3I. ;a2± 1PM1.RC.wNCY PLAN tf- ::9 b CL 2WD If 0 0 21 - --Q .4 z r-I co Cv e e .2) If ee -A 2e MO CDC ck - 4. tf C If = no M ce 2 M t. -.j n_ C2 tf 3f .4 :w j tD t! C2 tD ee a) Q C! If Sa C!) 0 .25 AD tfe t* m: zi ;5D :5t L:I S! z 25D z ::s .4e -J IL, ele te et a et I" 2e e te =31. n (. me tD tf. 'n CDV. C2 tf, m: so -A t! -':i a 0 2a !nh :De 2Be ::g Z:f et nw- " =:I. tf A " D, c! c) tLe CC= 2. 3f CD .4t !m) :C C!) .j " C! Mt .j j tf =)C co M et cv c! .4 3z: CD Re FJ w C2 -j et c!)v. If cc ZD -4 ---9 t* --= C! _j if CD 2, tf q et CD =ce t! tD =C Se if M if .--G) __j A& J .4e If 3-1 tf ee C! -d c5 C! CD 41 n :51 CN t a t:R ct_ cDNe IcRU 3DD e e a JD X: =k m -) - 0 ?-' Ml = :B --h. - !3) C!) a .0 ct& CS C5 CD P, !3) --tA. tD :5 t* m: lb Z? 4. M.- CD -)t e -j e e "Qw ee =!&- b=p C!). --4 zi .19 Pe -) M If - Z:4. m 3f d d9w- v.- =:I. "D - Bb - R -j t. Ca) --z !1-1 OD te .0 C2 D c!_ C! me Mt 0 -j Me Ziu. C! .0 35D r- L'.9 D .4 :3: =t- LnD t±t --Z 4. Sr- tR%e :5 e t tf .5. d)D Ve ifa if e t tf C9 :9 'a 4. S tg c2) C!) ---Q --h. 3-, e- tRw al't , -23 Ca 4. W Z A24 -tt -4 CD. Z:e :f :::e =t n 2-1 CL :D 3f b ee "lw te _j cc j "& j _j :De j 2De e M: 0 = = :t .4 'Se 'QC me :ta. ee CD tf j e WC .4 et C2 2a cc c! C2 t-- .2 Ln A emi zc 2 4. 15'e =5 -j Lno 2 *a 35D c!f CD C5 _j Cole C!! cve d),C t:t ml 9 (M a Alw a? tf .:9 3f =' 1. -4 _j . i cc = n tfe et if .4 _jt ift ct_ .0 :tl v e tt 'c!D Z =9 _j C! a 0 L_" I M :D AM M t-, C2 r, c!) t-I a t-I -u - t2 t 3:D _j tf t*- cm I.:. :ti_ Pe _j a 'C2 A e 35 tA a :ta_ = " if CO C! tf :90 :f n GA :9A 'j A t .tR 29 if .4e -ga Me n. Jo b C! _j M j =L _j -A lfp CS.- e e t:t&, A C2 CD e _j r, -A r) D x9D C! a z: n at if -5 nb gcz- :SD te 5- M 29 Z! cn Xf S C2 j if R:D ! 1--) _j __& jD. tRa M p- -) e - C!D cot -.0 M -4 _j 2:! _)b If 4 :5 _j n "k. t! :SW 3f 0 _j -tt cv If,, -4 :3 CD M C2 ee ee .A =D :tx =:I- .0 -4 3f. :tA- ec, ca- co Mie - t-I _.j If tA C9 :l't -0 .A t- .4 1. it M:t i M e CD !w j tli D j BD OD .Te R 1; M: le. a d) t:f ee VA .4 = 3np if "Qw Z. EDD A Eft et -A 0 t e =9 -4 1. ;:e j e Z. M)) -A c5t tt :S)e St .4 ee clilt C! ee t:: IV X! a) 'e Me =ID t 'c t C =De Se M M cot C! 0 4. L-,b ee e e -V. =A b AR tf, tfe E2- .0 C9 29) "QD CS 3f I e - " 0, n) - ex !) ..j M = =D t t =:e v 2f 0 t fe- rs 21c 16, 1:: tk- e e r- -A :S:e ew it C) :D Ln D 0 Elt I-) A. Z C2 .4 -C tft 0b Z) 3:' C9 d)t _j SD -) !xe. c!) -A Amt b 0 0 0 0 > m C2 2D m cm ei e eit ei c eit .2), d) C2) ei 3! --w m: - % " :s. 2)1 cf)%e f CS) j D ve .4 et ife if d) P -.,, P Z co ix Mk !x = t .44 ,e mk - CV %! ift if- -we co C) m -'X Mt r-,e C2 =: -j = if x x C2 tf Za. n b t nD dA e 3-- 3f Me 01 ne t:f 3f A - -) - S :Dp M -4 M CV M C9 -4 --i et ffe Z -1 - d CD __j - :2 v = ei -) ? d d =: = C,2 If -j ce M if if EL Mt ml Z -, ii R =D ,e -j 0 H if R , -) a E., -j 4 tf " CD -.j CD if C2 -A M) ce Z Mt zf .4 cm Co CD CD Ei ::2 Mt (M - s cz) C2 = cv k:RA =:A- -QD M C2 if -4A. et C) -Q) D et M ee t:2 ce co :01k. -, r- ee xfw C9 CL tfe .0 CD 5t if .j -4e !DJA !:De r g=L CV C2 CE? C! -4 cd),e Z. m: A M C: Mt Z:wz .-4 _J tf tR g =t 4. :5 e t C2 --4 'k. Ae MD C-9 d tR ifela -) = -j .4 t-I V MP " if 'te If -11 C Z - a CL le. M) tt if e =C ee t-D CV if = j tR if L e e if ga - ml&- !!e =e j 2=1 3f CD C! CD X) tf !,De a.ne C2 d4 0 tR cv- D. C2 -A =)e et if tf M e C C! C! 14 a j et rn LL 'le ::e C!P !:Dt c9t =D S'e C! C2 j cc -.j d- -j C?j e e c c --a Ca). -j" coet D We co Se if 3f C!k :0 t:!e te e. e e- - ci :n tf, Se j =D f-- r-- :9 tft '4 n, =L 411 S e VD t:! c z & te 'Z "140 0 St CD e t M) C2 Se t e Se C9 =:A- :zlx CA) e a :3: r' =)e Me :g -) 'S C SV- e e :S:e Z P"A- At !VD e e t 2 n) t! e cp c: =D- --z CD dC2 !e ::9 Me .0 kA 51 m D - pCL C2 c CL f :D aD a cc b - _-a MD& 0 zf- tge mb So -nD :SW_ 0 t--!e -so MDD a e C2 3--- C-! =)o W ti M: C2 .4 SW. v AD k4 !WD e e =C, Se a C! "W- :5 -)c CD e s t M e n) 2 p --a CD C! - " - j e r) : -j =:,e R 0 - DI V- =9x ::; cg M =a- -j Vp C- le s ! =C V b :LI c ct- '. 1. CD ee CD e Z4 -) M nDe -AD. ae =gL ". tdo C!- O =L -Ita. 0 c!) t;R Z 4 X: Vp e e C9 C2 j =: a t t Cf) =)D =De 2 -Q .4nk -a e e A ma :5. -7 M) e e CV :5 r-e t*e M) iD Z :e tR Mke - 2D CV tR- Fgh A X. D4. -t j cm) =) " CD --sa. -1 C! e 1. 4. Vb C) -SW SW -j =1 if e :9t Se cv, C2 me t!s !n P6 MI Z C.- SD C! Vo ZD e a -jw Vp 2LL et S Z =Dg 0 .4e c, =)C Z u cDe ED .. =9 e e 3fe d"w 2i), oe et =5 C2 "Qb it :C ED we Di zc't - t! :9 m C C ee a!)b CD1 C 2a Ea Z! t! -91. - Qjx 9,111. Z VD s s e (ZD St 1. n y 0 e :9 a a) ..4 t e We ;P-t R C2 C! -.j ,A -61 C co =De t C V% CD CD ZA 2D Vb M)D C! M D Z), .4 M) -6) ML C= C2 C!z " , al FD in 4= 1. VA ---JD e e V C2 b ---9 a. Me 'n =Ic Zi- 9 D CD C5 t-I M) 'At =:e L a e 'd. 'o '2 e e e e t rtttuartint>rttgnsiliX ~ ~ ~ rtghx )) ( < B9g^ SLLSUBRgpLXI niUbLLUidnRLA4IALUMLOWN ¢nflu tLG RBLnl-mnUi iaibuun L 9 l RL12.UfL( L1>11 uQILutAnn.-MP6M LLlrttv (t) V -~~~~~~~~~~, * L JPU~? LLFtd LL4Ltn1LhRULNAr QP&.RtLft4rj tLLtU1,ir urt (z) L RU OL n1 11Rlt, WAL R LMLnt4Ut4 AU M11RiUQL ntsLuLh& t6n UpL RI (b) nttM1U LLUt JlD LLUnPI%&P-f~rtl .I r1n t llUhLLULerLIFLn-RUULWiQtIeFLLtQtL tI wLUitU4iL 1 nu4rtDt rui AL 1LUtntsuhufLUrLL (0 Uln) - ft It It I Vt 0 I t ¶~~~~~~~~~~I t It Al' t LQLQL-IU?SLnLuArSti(ULnUiL&I (6) 5Il 22e Anu 'n I o It na 1l*l T^zoQe5Ld0nPXPu^u^l ol) ts ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t !.Mpowu nALu^nu rcrt5F,anr-p-t1QpUt LUt6rgLtoUrttkU^nRAQL^NtLnLL- GlQnUSrUKQQwuLf"L%l (8) 61O1IflOf18 Jf11ft IlI.69!-478 - Z UDuRVIRI 4 OIJ 1flU1Uq 11ulAUS111) 2.000 nW) 3 flU i Illo lnt tlS Ims.6u -ml 0S:30-16:30 - dIU)1I4YU zJv;iUl)154 3 flU | I1Uf n1U1JIII)thI)J | lUln l7IU %UlouJliUl 10,000 DfSl I fl'U lStUllSlfU 1ilflR1J77lh 2.000 nI7 2 flU 70H Jgtill4 2 flUJ iJUlFi 264 1j4 TlvAfjIvIrl"no4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1)JI1JJ? U 111J nlnn69011U029 0 | 1MORAD4140IJ ItII.699-2123II vu1J1iU7llu1 10.000 12q I flU | U1IUI7R 2.000 RI 3 TU EN\ l0 llUlRH3tAN tliuCHAP2.DOC EMISSION SOURCES DATA (TN CASE OF 3% AND 3.5% OF SULFUR CONTENT IN FUEL) ENV IOI1IA uhul.fMMlSSION - , ssll-3l nvevslwl ,AN7 tLtt5tQX6LgS9Lrtnui1o0u nflnL nlnti zt trAP-LUL&UQQIrL-U Itt ULnnuLJoQ? fL rtLh tlrUJALrlUPQLrt-tU^ ULjrtL, 00E ~1OSL jl4nKLURMLULQ LFLfl'LULQOnLt65 Lr?LL4LLUt;LL4rt nL OLtPlltQRLSnX6X.ULLL>6 SWot08lpStiL LUQ0uS Ult Ot- MUtGR2uPL5^W11 wrtyJAM4 Q-xrtULL41rtl, 60£ titu;:O6nrGLL4btP-tf6rX1t6rtLfL ItUL0blnfil 'rt Z-1 L^FtLKtla ~~~0 41~AA o Ql twrtlyLrLuDt6rLtruLujrtj OOZ-IOOO'I tait64R LUQ SQl 1Gv A.LotQ^nfr6lrL4it.- logE nlUtLULtWflnrtLnf l GDj rtrt ULIA LrLnu _wouRGlnlLnrtLn o L;hnrsIrtxL! X soft 1 1 5 I L I (./ i2a In qi ~~ua:Ws 80S SCRUBBING EFFlCINECY -3- ow ~ ~ ~ ~ - N U - nyu.w u~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - W~~~~~~~~ XML .- w*iOW 4-&" 2Cz o; % t S IC IAt Im? () 0 A 110~~~~~~~1m ~~~~~~~~~~~-n * oS r * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~a Lik Mm bs cr 9 E~80 SCUBN EFFICIENC rrv C; } -J4- ___~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ m _f ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-MC o, 'Om, ..^~~~i , JO ".Z , "^;,.., ~ ~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ,, P, , t~~~~~~SA _t 81A 9e - Jn z : ~1ul?OIR731MunAQ40 24 ilTu,3qa"S4 So, lfoeuuljlU nlltn Ilzel uluiu}f (3.5%S) IIUulJeunQAt uazl; BO% scRuBBiNr EMCIFL-tW- -4- APPENDIX B RECORDS OF EARTHQUAKE IN THAILAND GuFiau*;l ~~quodnal/ tlUig/ IIU"nSfqnlSXU UflhAJ?1U4fl RVllI*pIfl4 624 1I nOu fl.fl. liun VI MM Ufjl3iivS'U4 UiuWhlwj A 623Ti inau fl.fY. lThun VI MM UWhIM piuqin i14ynfl' iv' Mo 8 594 TI nau tlfl. lun VI MM tjflOAaus4 1HlWJ9flJhf a W i-aiusn iqau lo . 5891 naufl .fl. loun VI MM iUlla&yl tl4uhlvrl Alfa4 J 4 9JUW 14 fl 11OU 8 W.A 1003 le,un xii MM L1HUJU fl4blWl n54fU41&hJ0Dfl 1UlIlS l'1401 7 -U 1lh1Ifl l51J t14Lfl9 UWI4 4UllU L7lIJ 7 fl7i 14 (nallU4L) W.K. 1077 lifun Vm MM tJ12JL6iff igUhl-K-3 i00i1rlmnn 4 i1n4 ;U 6 fil 19101A 7 w.ff. 190' ?f¶1U VI MM 1tr4WflJhfIMl 9L0,34 tIIn X fll 148U 12 W ff. 1Q0) vlo V MM ughlU ill,fitf *. . 1 - k 89:' NNES:N. | )U Olu ou-;l quialnol | luIa/ |uun nsi1 I IIS1- œlu14Lfll14 Jf)U5U5 ,-4A JUJlWHl) yi.fl. 2048 brul VI MM iguhlw) n.fl. 2070 ofo1l VI MM llNu1111w l.fr. 2088 VU MM u 86 u. 1ini4o4wt1 vdh 60 U. nA.ff.2089 VI m MM iwUHUUhlW nltr.2127 oeQis VI MM i1guili LL7AI 9 fll LO1U 5 Afr. 2131 eeXu VI MM IIWU9UlW2 U73u 8 Ml z9dU 12 W.A. 2228 v m MM IsuhuUlfluana4hu W.A. 2232 aoysul VI MM LHu0uLlfl4nu w.n. 2258 VII MM '1IWUThR 1 ;9 WiMLrui 4 1l1InnflWlniY1 u'4 6 Al t9hu 7 w.R. 2258 1;u4lvu VI MM I ua ulW1fl1 * a tilSU 4 fnl I%talj 9 vi.n.2S11 n:4tun Vl MM nwutvlm tli 4 rl1 i1910OIl 2 -\ '--,NoN'E\- \_.S Vi.ff.2312 fl7rnjVi9 V MM lLUa ;J1 2 Al lfOU4 5 W.f. 2317 IVU411S V MM I1Wuhl" lullafi JU14 12 rn L9au'u1 .ff.2342 flnplarwi V MM IIWUIl1fJS 'U 14 W1 19101A 8 W.ff. 2342 11741SLW1 V MM I ¶UJ 10 Afl tIOeU 12 W.J.2375 ns41 V MM ij'4 7 fl fl1U 3 VI.ff.2376 nli4w1vi V MM UWUfl L1l4U l1I MfU 10 A1 tIfOU 12 1A.ff.2376 flIw4h1 VI MM ItHNl L fflJ *UfJ 1' ffl I9 OlU I WM.f. 2378 nX 4 tA V MM nlH U l n7Un d:sniaumi lJ13 fll 1 fldu 10 3 A \N EXX \Ls I | '&10-tohu | quo'nal-3/ tulUll lyu;nlliffq-u n.f. 2382 njwnaw1 vin MM IU1nrnn Uifi0nvfft 1UlIffU ,J 7 I91 LDau 5 1nu14L7 LrnVIn'IUI fl4nJPn oqn n-3-JoclueonMri¢in "Afl. 2384 n1rniW- v MM UlUlUhlv JU 14 ml 9.00 U. n.nf.2403 nf4l'AfW V MM llPJ 1ln lflult64 JU' 7 fll IVIOU 4 19.16 'W. W.Al. 2417 nf4lirm V MM ll4;14'ht1 tJU1 3 tll I1010W 3 W.fl. 2429 fS4ml l Vi MM tiUUilW2 i4m¶flNW1~'I4 1I111ta7JO.1WYN J1UU 14 fll IVIOU 2 17.32 U. ."l.2429 fl,7ni VI M4M UL9U4'UITDUifaJUO In ¶1u4 15 Ail 19lD1 12 11.06 '. Wfl. 2430 m4lTh V MM J llvl lUw I; fll 191 OU 12 13.35 UW 23 WM.9. 2455 WM1 7.9 fanIlgNimimm1 lnjiujT 3-4 !-wA 09 24 06 Ua. 21.0 97.0 X-S~~~~~~~~~ ItM.L Ill ttLU 9Z'66 'LO.Z tt II nL5U hEUMttej fti rrNKI-6 NI CLP-Q U PUI qW f-c LfW. O',0 nU ,z thn6bnLugunijntoHl nontuirt ttonbt=knt. ruin,unMll -n oWN MMtVL L 1^%lut hn Lt Uo ZO-C 'Wr 1 LtLn It Mt-rtLFLfnt.n ULA 1-rtE 0l-Q lAUMt tQLWMLFtU^SLV-l - ULW1f QOJlrtIVQ 9LtZ rnu Ec qwiq.RtuwpujALu -n Z£-SO LOLX120WI uLn1t S96 O'L SZ Z 80 oi Mt.rtuint.n Ltt tu 0flLUbl6LRlO>UJUU, S-9 nnnGLtstWrtu 9Lt-Z *L4-k 91 tUrEtA RQUUL4U Q>nPlULunj.QuptUo^nnNULfAUQn uLt 4 nLnrtLtfcLSU C t' n I t LntnG(UtW9T1 UL11tL4 n ost 10 o ^ n i00t'Z 'nt OV'Z L QP-Ir0t1 tELL4 £ i6Lu , n ,wUw,wthLU LWtlktI,n* -wa V 96 Z 81 n I IS 10 tI uAn t-0l. Z WMLrt.LUfl1 LgU1AURUMI £'L Lrt. !LtZ L 1t7 ULLL UUWIflU &ghUn& LQ%hQ 1uulu"Nrts ww XI S96 £'Ll in ss 9t' oz nulul^ilQ^tuuLLuunQnulLuwluu« £ L (~nBd) Lrtk ULKZ -U S tttesNlt5RtUUUs NiWK A OLUs016 S'Z L4 t t'Z tLU6tttIttt uLt. Ul-Et,nult mautwbumunn /t4LUU t l4a tuan NU>UIoSQ0a>^tUl"KUtU>bPI PI U R1 rz;;;"w4|t"" nZvulo/ 14 n.w. 2510 euW11u 5.6 Mb S9Ufnl 4 n 14im w 08 36 04.7 13.7 96.5 12 W.U. 2510 qlSl7pUSU 6.1 Mb In'1ll" VXg inLfdlP unlJfll 11 51 41.8 5.16 96.31 28 W.U. 2514 WS1-OU 5.6 Mb fn`11 %.AvvibeU 22 32 00.9 22.98 101.02 17 n.l. 2518 1l-nu 5.6 Mb fl'Jll&Unlflfltl1 flS4111Whl 10 38 19.8 17.638 97.902 1flGlU JLUfl1a8v 13 n.u. 2518 4.0 Mb fnINl v.A1so71V 06 07 44.3 20.761 99.139 _ 29 n.V4 2518 WU1 5.1 Mb Oft 11J1414Th 2 1i-l rnjN inlil 20 42 47.1 18.297 96.367 S l f , S V 7 26 .fl. 2521 O. ¶ilVAf VAW1Ju 4.8 Mb .iUMlularmUal a.-S"ll Mrniulvruiv 15 11lu 06 22 29.1 19.279 99.066 n 0.LAO4.1i lei4l LLSlIJ14 27 .n. 252)1 o.il flIornu 3.0 MIl lniONtnTlh a.m) 3 T1 fflS a wi-a 14.05, 14.16 14 05 2I.% 19.51 99.63 iuys 15.03 uW. 30 1O. . 2521 011 qAI.ThO1 3A MI !ffnlwIVII114 am.11w1 05 26 23.0 19.24 99.07 6 *\!4 .N~C .f5\ x\_ AllUmU'4Aafl 01134Ul1119 18 Z.O. 2521 O.WsTl s.su4hni 1.6 MI fnniulbn a. 23 44 26.0 19.2 99.2 21 Z.O. 2521 v.vvdln 1.Ljfhni 3.1 3.2 MI f6nmivllI']iAl 2 M4 13aEWIM 03.45 lll 04 05 31.4 19.38 99.21 04.05 u. 24 Z.O. 2521 il 3.7 MI fnifWIM-UiW 0.;ju4ulI?ltYUl a.uLLltJ DLL¶N471U 02 59 02.2 20.98 99.53 | u1uIJ1u 3-5 lu1h 29 L.O. 2521 VfJ 3.9 MI f5f)frftl?P.J D.Lfju4tulu 0.IW?tiu v.AalJl 00 42 27.0 21.0 99.6 24 n.fl. 2521 0lfn 4.0 Ml fl O.VW1n ELWW.4l O.a'UH1z Lid- Z.ln 04 34 37.1 17.19 99.30 t.fln 2 lf.. 2521 all 5.1 Mb sfn IWAu o.L ufJa4 V.AV'471S 14 45 52.0 20.5 100.7 n.fu. 2521 el) 4.9 Mb sDAlWu 1)11 s.0J3I u) UlW 2-3 !1Ai II 55 16.8 20.44 100.62 *2 UJ.. 2522 a ii 4.5 Mb pfnnaulwil- '.l;0471fj 14 3;4 5.8 20.344 100.745 7 A :3- .NxE\- \Lz~ I"nlailnuslwsmaJanuwv pietwfUn | u-laeu-;l | qut,na0l4/ | lUl/ | WB;fl&%Qimql'SE 26 n.w. 2522 viu,-Tnv 4.2 MI luPun 01 53 50.5 18.0 97.5 18 1J.Vf. 2522 Ilrnj-ai 4.5 MI fnru\lMw AMU 13 41 0.0 20.9 102.0 lo n.n1. 2523 4.2 Mb fnnuTlhiA e.us 141 ulu 5 V.JTh 09 17 52 19.35 99.23 10 M.u. 2523 Au41ll 3.6 MI fnnnuhlin J.'t0ANI4 14T 2-3 4iU 09 21 00.5 18.87 99.23 22 ilt. 2523 LLYs 4.0 MI fnnUIn e.Ams 14 55 50.7 18.03 100.09 23 .fl. 2523 uws 3.7 Mb flnnuMAHA e.1t1 07 55 46.4 18.12 99.92 20 2u.o. 2525 ¶io4fl1vJ 4.3 MI sfnla14ul"h l."Nh41viJ ImUo7 dm10 a t1ia 20 20 40.1 18.92 99.18 d1iJi n 4 w.u. 2526 ufllot0au1j1u 6.6 Mb jl4nLUi1llU4u 22 aunlntw4 09 1 34.3 5.723 94.722 1S w.v. 2526 fl1.1 ItwvJ 5.3 Mb pnl(sVhlvnieu IV nomi lo 23 a 14.908 vos.O7 ~~~~ \_~~~~~~~ ulau-lolsv lu'od lv VUU1R/ int nl 22 IU.. 2526 nflhuijU 5.9 Mb SflNU flfllTh1 Ufl1flflUV1tl1 07 37 37.0 14.93 99.0 5.2 Mb nUolumunsun VVrfl uflelffl7Th nn3. 10 21 40.5 14.93 99.076 Ignt'li¶Aw 2 f1S4 WVLUI-lf 07.37 WIt.- 10.21 U. 24 I.V. 2526 iU-fl4u-lull 6.1 Mb nnufl al7Iu fnlh. 14 15 22.1 21.71 103.28 18 fl.fl. 2526 mtqouiri 4.7 Mb Iffn Tih4l I .IIIiJ4 s.II yIs 00 48 10.3 15.205 99.021 30 VA. 2526 nl1NJSU1S 4.2 Mb ¢n '14' m .lwiUi 05 09 57.2 14.919 99.15 24 1W.. 2527 Mrn-¶u 5.9 Mb T9nJf lv-)n vA.l¶U4S 05 29 58.3 22.004 99.147 29 W.fl. 2527 19lgI8UUU 5.8 Mb sfllnYu 11 9V41Ii1l4¶JlUflSUI17 11 36 09.0 3.565 97.138 25 1.fl. 2528 Do.-A 1flnL q.nllvvU1S 3.5 MI ?ndllU\MlYll8U4tSliLlMl 1X 56 30.5 14.88 98.69 1I n.fl. 252 -AlfI 5.0 Mb IMMMYlm.Af oAVffu41l" 17 *X'.I 19.238 97.308 9 18 U.). 2528 all 4.6 Mb jnt4lu"lMiii siuflMIJ nnus. 15 37 44.3 18.305 104.788 25 .n. 2528 wul 4.2 Mb sj9ntnj'Utm VA.V1Au LLnZIItiO1TnU 06 04 08.0 18A13 97.296 18 n.u. 2529 nul 4.4 Mb Mnniaubny %.tm4Thu 02 57 15.7 20.160 97.975 30 I.fJ. 2530 1IOJs1u 3.8 MI 0?1nnula TA v.At¶T11m 05 09 02.9 1&98 19 n.nI. 2531 Iti41J 4.2 Mb f3nfUl'HlnJTA I.DAoQ4ni 01 38 42.3 18.869 99.168 25 nfl.. 2531 w.tul 4.2 Mb fninw1vt q.AuwlniJ 04 51 35.0 19.08 100.05 6 a.r. 2531 6.8 Mb sfnnal 1 h4 i nnu. 04 36 24.6 25.149 95.127 3 flU4 6 wA.u. 253l1 6.1 Mb vfArmitlTh .LsOQlJ4 iYO.dMU tinnifliI741 20 03 19.3 22.789 99.611 nlVil. 2 II.o. 2531 ;IOJV1y 4.5 MI sfleu u.n 0.fl1aLWR 0.u104.1afnl1i 06 *9 15.05 99.8 s nl10 s 10 k --iN%\: \..> U-IFoU ;l qUUFnlialm uul 3"A / 4an Srua. Iun "I-Affql I u.. 2532 WU1 5.1 Ml 5fl7Ufltfll1MU'4,JU 10 25 07.8 21.728 97.936 8 1.D. 2532 Ml 4.6 Mb ¢nlU1wlYI ivei.SlU 04 45 18.6 21.576 100.586 20 nf.n. 2532 WUl-lm IMln lflLMUl80BUS 11 36 59.0 20.263 99.163 4.3 Mb 11 42 35.8 20.273 99.322 4.6 Mb 27 (.A. 2532 iMn-1ThA 4.5 Mb fn?lwllfllmqam8uSu 22 20 45.7 20.357 98.813 29 n.uj. 2532 fl-b1U 5.4 Mb ¢fl? lOUI0lUJU 04 52 17.0 20.329 98.822 I VI.. 2532 rnn-Tntj 5.3 Mb fllnU ?l nltNln w0U41.UfU waluvnfl1d4U 01 19 23.3 20.236 98.848 w an;U.hflll lIatToJa1u 29 1J1. 2532 tIO341"l 3.5 MI jn?\4ln'4 a.m& alufima4 iia- a.m 4m 18 17 18.5 98.9 1' f. 2E5n 2 fl1ib'laUiJ 4.0 MI a.eirrmi`fl %nitwo-wi 00 28 14.9 99.8 lt jquanal43/ J ulw/ Uffl1Mafl1w 9 Ij.fl. 2533 e;UfllJ 5.2 Mb f5nfiTiv) e` u 22 35 49.0 11.59 95.02 29 w.A. 2533 mlqvwUOl 4.2 Ml flnlwlml2lV 18 23 14.9 99.8 14 n.fn. 2533 niiT1 4.5 Mb vAflumpm aLLW iu .J171ti 10 51 55.8 20.53 100.67 21 n.fl. 2533 liU45lU 3.2 MI fthiJulvi ¶Li¶t.J4 VA04711 08 50 19.8 100.2 I I n.u. 2533 LiIW 3.0 MI fWIVMGlus3D 20 nfl. 7Dfll0fflUn1 16 27 18.0 99.8 12 9-fl. 2533 MIT7lj7ul 4.0 MI DnM63lni i.nrn D.AlUJIl1 ¶LAYL s741 19 27 16.9 101.0 23 A.fl. 2533 yll-TInJ 4.0 MI fn9TiunI DAV sDAa4aUW 03 38 53.8 20.38 97.6 S ni.o. 25 33 nlcuq4 4.0 Ml lVnul5m)1 a-e7vnW)rf o.nlb9o4i 21 'I 15.3 98.9 1' ntO. 25133 MilollpUI"W1 o 6.1 Mtb sflfnnuThn N I g.ninn mnai itanium -ai Ok '4 3.4 3.91 97.46 nUinn. 12 LN >4- .'JE\: XLS ,' lnlsuillwui~~~~~uwl H na"AIMafsn IWIu 6iad J wmiln ulaujo'lm juAn'al4/ vuin/ yugoflm9mums 5 U.li. 2534 fl1 6.2 Mb f9nv lU 7wfmll-nUUwn u lfnl7?r.1hu 21 57 11.5 23.613 95.901 nvij. I WI.,. 2534 vlW1 6.5 Mb nm3UTl 1J$Jo,te I?1slu nn. 10 53 04.5 15.651 96.698 12 C.O. 2534 eu9n2.Th 5.0 Mb nnntiu1fnm,umn1u mm. 10 05 21.2 14.853 96.313 13 n.n. 2534 II¶W711S7 3.5 Ml ffn`ulm? 1 urIW7S1SJ IIfMl O1.lfO 04 57 17.3 101.2 4 nf.fl. 2534 1lJ04t 3.7 MI f n9m iEUiv D.lL4 1.1wiOhti 19 22 18.5 98.5 5 n.o. 2534 li8e4~1w 4.0 Ml fbin'? lyUTh VAIMIM4 l.l,leJ4hflJ Jt? J2J 09 11 18.8 97.7 O ll alU 23 1X.0. 2535 WA1 6.0 MI S'ndUTh-f O.3Th1J V'041U liflvIlW l 21 18 38.9 22.341 98.845 I ' .J. 2535, W1 5.7 Mb fffhlffnW ulMeumirnM41U nmA. 09 48 56.1 23.989 96.894 25 n.fl. 2535 utismyul 3.0 MI v bhfl.fl 1.hn¶1 m.1rfFl 02 IS 15.0 101.0 13 lU-IZEU- quunalU4/ iUflJ9/ iii nrnujfl1nw 28 F.il. 2535 VWl1 6.0 MI V A.L;41n11 I;fU47-u iu 1a4faW 14 02 18.3 96.8 LLunnuvailsq4lu nnmm. 20 2J.n. 2536 q3lPl J]JJu 6.2 Mb jf5 l 1flmin o.mflnm9 to-um 09 30 55.0 03.1 97.7 21 nJ.. 2536 4.0 Ml fn1A'inn o.utwau tio& . 20.56 19.7 97.3 17 1J.I 2537 vUl14Oul'i2nJl 4.7 Ml on.iAn o43 aJ~in ¶).wsJ UIu 15-20 04.371 11.5 98.7 uln 8 W.fl. 2537 4.5 Ml fhlO a.LIN4 ov.AimiiX v.anih4 hSv.vu 02.56 18.3 99.2 10 n.n. 2537 I;l2l1jl 3.5 MI |flIn9nno.lis4 a.N4 A.l.uf]iJ 01.06 19.1 99.6 29 n.n. 2537 nulJ 6.2 Ml |6111o %A¶041mhlr 21.12 20.9 94.2 20 .fn. 2537 )iil 6.0 Ml Ufl'AnUIh iulmfUl14a 04.03 16.8 97.0 ii fn.o. 2f37 O.lL]Jnsll f.Lsus11 3.0. 5.1 Ml frIJuI slo fltouzianfl 03.14 08.31 19.46 99.6 lnflhwfj'flnl4 .hU I11qW0Th1Ual v I l0t174 14 -\-sx NzE ; V .s 5U-I4oUa quuFf)al4/ IUlflK/ IUTfl fllS NlllM4uF 9lll 16 u.fl. 2538 OA64-ol 3.1 MI lgnl9'1y DAITO-l ¶x¶J4711 12.43 20.2 100.5 25 l.fl. 2538 ml7lfl4UWl-pnl 5.0 MI Mnd10 DAV4 V.LA4s71 11.56 21.0 100.6 24 n.n. 2538 1J-lU-4UillWt 3.0 MI n1lvi a.LXA4 a.1fluflt 00.11 18.9 99.0 514WV17l O.LIU41M]i 24 n.v. 2538 WA1 5.0 Ml f9nlflnn a.Az v.AOi7 15.11 21.8 99.5 25 n.Vw. 2538 E.M14914 2.5. 3.0 fn'1l9ii e.iE1e4 a.M1494 lUM e.Ulfl 4 8.50 9.03 19.7 98.6 17 W.fl. 2538 vlI1 6.0 MI fgnlvi ).1UWfl o O.At¶4l1l Llam O.ltW?vliU4 04.48 18.0 96.3 O.ll flO4 30 Z.O. 2538 W2l 5.5 MI UnUllX 8.1054 VA"RAlU 06.04 22.1 98.8 10 n.Ri. 2538 VII1 6.6 Ml s5nnW0n a 0.1;841Mr II= 0.13a4 VAIM710 03.32 22.1 99.0 12 n.fl. 2538 llJ1 7.2 Mb gnIxl fllO918BJ1U l1f4hJ 04.47 22.0 99.2 npimj1 l1ufv L¶l14EJUBU rn7 ua_mnnansm4 15 A NN - \ . lU-1oU- quUf)al42/ vuio IJUflf 7 V. 2538 nAn 5.0 Ml fn'1n 5.tlia4 sDAtU4lVj 10.27 22.0 99.3 17 O1.fl. 2538 O.Jio 1uJion?u4 4.3 Ml fgnl4@n'Al &.LIJ4 D.t;rmbln 03.56 19.8 98.8 5 nA.u. 2538 8.4A4 ,.iAuJA 4.0 MI fnl e.4 a4 u4nii 06.57 8 M.U. 2538 t_ fl2~'1J 6.9 Mb nUUIl AIu911111 tJU1 4P1U 14.15 1.87 95.06 vi fle4ll itri 1 fvlUU8tYVhfl. & qflml1 15 nI.uJ. 2538 0.u3Oe s.W1 3.0 Ml ¢fl$n1J7lru 9.14 O.-IU1 "14nfqj1uaon 01.30 AF4luaJenausQ11Tuell -7iS1w 110 ionl. 9 s.n. 2538 fdomm D.1lVI 5.1 Ml 'nl9''ii v.&tu41v1 Jamtj di-au dii4 20.26 18.2 99.8 n-eiu uns qqsp1 mrudu int tiiittnua 21 b.f1. 2538 0.nAsl l .iuttij 5.2 MI fn94 Atm.l31m1 lffU4SU )nWl 1i14 23.30 19.7 N 99.0 E &infu luazn lWiaf4u ljnvl19f11 O.W . 1 1 niu Luainir1inhriv ij.ri. 253'4 )-ll 4.2. 4.l 1l 7 nWln 0.O04 VA U47l0 11.14 11.2' 20.8 N 99.6 E 16 . A.> ,- N\E\-I \LS APPENDIX C GROUNDWATER WELL DATA OF KRABI PROVINCE R Et OR D OP F W E L L S DRILLED PY G P O U KD ATW A E t 1 I1 5 I C N D t P A P T 1 E U 1 O F P I h E R A L R E S O U RIC E S (OCTOBER 1958 - SEPTEPBER 1993) CNANGWAT: K A A P I GRCUNDWATER DATA CENTER . ........... FRI UAP 28, 1994, 02.ot PM ...... .....^,^UP,, ...... , , ,,,,,,,,,,.,,,,,,.............................. ,. Pt WELL NO DRILLING CASING SLOTTED I AQUIFER PUlP SWL (FT) PH LAPSHE 0 A 0EPTH OtIAETER PERFORATION ROCK TYPE INSTALLED YIELD (GPI lP'JN (4GIL) UTPI ZONE L O C A T I O N 5 I I N TERVAL I DD (FT CL INGtL £ AIlING DAT~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~E ILENGTH IHYDPOGEO- CAPACItY TOS (MGIL) N OR THING (Ft) L ( NFT) I rT) LOGIC UNIT SETTING rAX.* (GPM) t01H IG/LI) v36 SALA P2HRA UANG SCHOOL, 90 6 I 90 60- 90 SlLt SU0HER. 30.00 t2 70 gml 132 Q C 30.00 1L00 PHINGNGAi-RABI HIGCwAY 07.16.72 CLAY 11.00 3 TAM3ON: 07.17.72 PRBLS1 A PHOE : AC LUK CHERT I 20.45 CNANGWAt : KRAbI V38 IAo KNtGOPIULIC13 ARA 165 6 / 160 95-155 CHEPT HAND PUIP .67 FHANGNGA-KRABI HIGHWAY 08. ,53 PLI AMCPHOE AO LUK 1001100 290 CHfANGWAT :.KRABI n … - a n es … aCa … PUNPINgi 1E5 CC … CC .0545 - S.......n.... MH32 EAN ALANG PUBLIC AREAI 160 6 1 160 1tO-160 QUARTZITE H"tlD PUMP 3,30 N PgEN A I. 8tU"K hoIo..Eo140A "o31,36 THE:AULUK * K TESt NV1T2 EAN"O NUK3NU SE85OL 270 6 / 260 220-260 CLAY HAND PUHP 9 .00 g 6|' PuTHAI L N3a1,.E M.4 QC ?: :: IKRAat.PHANe I9i 1^s"a l}ol 5 .0o I b ~SON:ACNGA ~01WAY 1 1 270o .00 1T LK (1.4.0 ANPHOE AO LUK 0I I 4O.00 CH"ANGWAT % RABI MV121 EAN KLANG PUBLIC AREA I 130 I I LIMEST3NE U 4I1 6, 50 N E or KO . 141.I I I I PRCLS pHN NA -ASAOf HIGHWAY 102001..hII I I jATAPOH AC LUK 1101 02.09.8 1 1 1 CHANGWAT * KPABI AeANBO4ED DRY HOLE MV125 |BAN BtA AMiC0 SCOL 2 1t | * 170 130-170 SAN40ST 14E IHAND PU-P 3S3OC I 11.6 11I"M H ,1 KN.W OF KM.137. 1 iJLK I ' IKRAS .PHANG NGA HIGHWAt I I I e.oIW NM 1 1A ULUK Of0 1 1 34 AMRE:AG LUIC EL363? ICIA.GWAT, A. KPAet . | . - | …..C*SC see ........ ......a .C. V 1 28 BA - N KLANG PUBLI AREA 145 | CHERt I T 11U lII 6, KN.141.8 03.22JI I PCIS KRAOI-PANGNGA HIGHWAY 03:22 |T^rac : ASec LUK NH&GtHT 103.30.811 | 1AMPHE :A ULUX I BNDHL CHAYGWAT. :. KRAeI| A 'ANDNED DRY HOLE a_._._._._._.…. . . _._ _. ._ _ ._._ _._. _.a n_,_. ._._..__ ......_.._ .'1V179 BAN KLAN HEALTH CENTERP MU THI 4 165 £/ 160 14-160 QATlE953 : 30 M. w Br KN. 141 C 1 6 10 0 I c 1 t%RA3 -PHAPIGGAIGGA HIGHWAY 04 805. I I I 0 7 TAIBC ACLUX NOI ~04 .O38., I II IANPIOE: UA I I A0 CtHANGWAt :A XKRAE la I NVI8c KSAI EOFAN KHA #4 AN 1 125 I | 125 105-125 |CLAY BLSU6ER. |o' 7:5 AH I 'Y T-PHANG NGA HIGHWAY |04.09.82| LIMESTONE o 16 is ANPIN AB LUK NO01 04.15.82 I TEST .A L 4!IPHO 40nna . I I. .I . 4a2 … . , 9 ICHANGWAT : KRABI I P7IGTS NV203 BAN HONG LUX PHI SCHOOLs MU THI 4 | 95 4 Z 90 70- 90 SAfNDSTONE I j 237 5 30N. W oF K N.137 J j I u.K I3.0 |HUAI YOT-KAB-PHANG N4G HIGHWAY |09.07.82 | I I 12.00 , 6 1 T AMBON AO -UK NOI 0o9.09.82 I ?o A P AOOE AOLUX I I 1 .3C ('C ItHAHGJAa.as . .nasnSnn :. Cat11… WELL IO IDRILLING CASING SLOTTED AUtFER I PUMP ISWL (FT)I PH MAPSHEEI DEPTH DIAMETER PERFORATION ROCK TYPE INSTALLED YIELD (GPM)I IRON (M(GLI UTP ZONE L 0 C A I I 0 N I t INTERVAL 1DD (FT) Ct IMG/LI EASIING DATE LENGTH NYDROGEO CAPACITY T MGtL NORTHING ( Fl (IN)/(FT) (FT) LOGIC UNIT SETTING MAX.Y (GPM) TOR (G ILI ~~~~~~.a......... .. .--- .....-, -.-.-.-.-. *.-.-.-. * S.-.-.-.-. *S.- .. Mv237 KUI~ Thl-WANG KSAYIT HlolU3HAYIRIH 100 6 1 100 80-100 flLLED DEP SUBNER. 35.4606 PU TNI 3v 1 KM W Of KMI 137 GCP 63.40 0.36 KRASI.PHANGNGA HIGHWAY 05.25.83 15.26 14 lAVCN: AS LUK NOI1 05.31.t3 110 FT . 22 AMPH E A LUK 107.63 1 CHANGWATY. KRABI PUMPING TEST 1274 lEAN HONG LU";M PHSCNOOLP MU THI 4 120 4 I 110 90-100 HAND PUMP ._ 0 K%AII-PHANENGA HIGHWAY 02. .F4 30.00 5 7 TAPO L AO LUK 19" 230 P7 I AMPHOE * AG LUK 02. .4 13.91 193 StI CHANGU,AT. :, IRAel H538 SAAON S IKNOM AO ;K 1 N. 3 20 70 70-200 OPEN . IHAND PUP 3.o 0 5A5 KP O E96 e I 7U3 1 .00 OA L UK * PUA SA E ROAD 01 093 10.00 l^AM0 A LUK NU 0.19 AMPH Ia LUKI 400.00 CHANCA K:,KRABI MV123 ISAHAKON t 0KHOM t SCHOOL. MU THI 3 1 70 4 I 40 1I 20- 40 ICLAY INAND PUMP 4.00 I.9 16 KM. CE OfKM. u a PUI1 5.001 17.00 P.MON:U U 04..0. Ii [O Oa A L K-PHRA SAEN G HIGHWAY 04. 30.1 I - | 23.00 2 AIPHUE A .9LUK I I 98 ICHtNGWt : KRA1I MV236 ANItA"TAM PT ET HOOL. MU TNI 2 I 100 4 I 100 C2-100 CLAY I PUM '5.00 0.6 MV36* OF KM dIII 10 0-0jHND7.0 . jKRAU ,PNANllGA HIGHWAY 05.2.83 I LINEST0NE PUP1 10.00 4 AMPH0E s A8 'UK N 05.24.83 I | '51 A MINt,: A B UK I P 0.00 ._._.__._-_A__. I RAW_....... ......_-.._._._._..._.a.a.-_. _.. _ .. a _ _ .__.__ . MV329 'lAO-LUK SUA HEALTH CENTER, MU THI 3 4 lo5 | 1 100 80-100 ILIMESTONE IAND PUMPI 60.00 I 6.1 AOIL 6fi KRB 30 1 lAN MV320 ANKgUAO A KLANG SCHOOLK MU THI S 190 5 I 150 80- 00 HAN PMP 20 S 7.0 KHAO PHANON - SIN PUN ROAD 01.24.85 0 1 1 TAIIT^"80" t S l 0UN 1O 1.859 0.1.6 IPHE : WHO PHNOM 6.68 1 ag MV321 |ABN KNOK KHA MHOOL RU THI 3 100 5 I 100 80-100 LIMESTONE HAND PUMP 8.00 I 7.8 TAMIONp SIN PUN 012ot.31I 117 AWRPHE KHAO PHANOR I 6.84 240 CHANGWA. a KRA,I , PURPIM TEST APLL RO IDRILLING CASIN6 SLOTTED AQUIFER I PUMP ISUL (FT) PH EAPSH 7 L O C IPTH DIAMETER PERFORATION ROCK TYPE INSTALLED YIELD ( PM) I ROt (MG.I') UT M0 NE L 0 C A 71 0 N £ a INTERVAL & I C i FT LS (MGJL) ASTING ~~~~~~~~~~DAT (LENGTH HYDPOGEO CAPACITY TS IMCIL) N (m.. ..... I T SETT NG AX(T (IN)/(FT) (Fl) LOGIC UN SET? NE A (GPM) TON (6"GL) *..aa.............. .. ...... . I.- -.- ........ ......... * . - ***....... ............ MH469 SAN TON PH0NG, M. 3, 85 5 I 80 6D- 80 20.00 6.8 KM. W LF KM 26 I700 KHAD PNANOH - CAAI BUR] ROAD 03.22.91 d .00 TAMS V NA KHAO 03.28.91 AHPHOE: KHAO PHANOR . 3.66 CHN6GA7:. KRABI. ._Nj_._ B AN iANG SAN, P. 2 115 5 I 115 95-115 HAiND PUMi .is 00 54 ER. E Of KX. 6 2 p.00 NA K5HA O 8*:392 5 0 FT 0 ¶00.1T C A NC 6WA 9 _ LKn2eAbI 1 tl.7 ..T.4 M5 -2 CAMPHOE C KNAPHANOR 1 6.14 a ZlVi12 bA NW 1M. H4 E5, 160 5 I 160 140-160 I SUDHER. ?UH00 _ .6 IS 6K MO M , 1 1500 1.10 A Ne A NU lH ONC-K:NRA DURR ROAD 04.17.92 2I.00 t6 I lAR ON a NA KNAOJo'z 79 2III140 FT 2106 vls I Al CNHONA0 IA U THI 460 U T9660 6 t 0 - 60 PNIHAND PUMP 0 1 .00 KHUAv PALONG.'-KRA H DIN ROAD 1H06.86 6 61 I PUMP 32.00 36 ITANBON:Nl KHAI or.3.s I I I 1 34 ANPHOE S KHAO PHANON 3.61 234 CHA NGAT KRABI , '14 |p I4tAOtESLt H£WPIEATLTWL CENTE 65 S I 60 40 60 LIMESTONLESIHAND PUMP | .00 5. "V I i 6KRAN9FKR 2 J j PROSI 1.0 1 BAN NUA KHLONG KHA DIN ROO1AD 06.1 30 5 | 22.00 . iTAMBoN ~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~ ~~~11. 8i 12 || :I0 7 II aH NA KNAO 1 o I I I | 16 I 2.8 AA E I KRAPHANO 12.75 10 _V4OZ . O tPN0 L .PUI_C AREA_ RU T ,_ 90 6 _, _ * _ 90 IHAND _ _ , R3 '|AN OFKKR j A I D | 7 90 KNAD PHNAk ORKIN A1RPHOE CHAR BURR HWY. 07 1.6 III 4 .00 AMPHOE A KLO NHANOR 125 1CHANtHAT ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 07235 I,RB I I IPU N 11.25T RH_.7._ abA; INANE LUANG. N. , _ _200 I I I , I HA PRNO aHUNG TAI ROAD 04. 79 j MH KIIID PHANO 4 I I I I CHIANGWAT E RAS!I ABAND NED OUT HOLE I MEZZO jC~~-SPER A1I , KR. I~.4 j010QCR j .70 6.30 H2AI VT0TKRADI HIGHAV LIE 0EI66 A Al.. KNLONG TIO?ILIES9N TCNAG INB PUMPINI TESt MN431 WMAT KHLONG TONI TAI,' 0 I 110 j Jso suDMER. .0 ITAREO 0 7.03.90 IIIII 214 ARPHBO KHLON6 THOR I aI 288 MH432 tHAN ININEKNAPUBIC RA,M THI5, 260 5 1 260 1240-260 N AND PUMP 60.:10 I 7.9 IfKR. SW OF K 4Z,.D I 90 .56 I 2i.20 lARSON a 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0;.1690 I 0 FT 35 8 fAMPHOE KiELONE THOR I II UMIN TES SO5 - ~ CHANGUAT. a, KRAU!PMPN CHANGWAT KRAII (CONTINUE) PAGE 9 WELL NO DRILLING CASING SLOTTED I AQUIFER I PmP SWL (FYT1 PM MAPSUtIET DEPTH DIAMETER PERFORATION ROCK TYPE I NSTALLED YIELD (6PM) IROCL (MG/) Ulm ZNE L 0 C A T 1 0 N S £ INTERVAL IDo (VT) CL I(GIL) AsTIG Dt 6ATE LENG7H NSHIDGEO. CAPACtTY TOS 0G10L NORTHING (DT) :IN)/(FT) (FT) LOGIC UNtT SETTING NAX.Y (GPM) TOH (MG/I) * *- U.-.- - *--- -*--- .*.- *..m.a........a.agm......s.........!> ..* -!*-.....(F'},G ......s.e.e.,U!.u...u **S ETlN* ............. *e***** U**SS GS**S P * ,.*S S* b........ NH26 B~~~ANRA RON S CHOOL 320 mu Till 3 3 3 Km W OF KM. Sa H HUAt OT4KAIiO H IGHWAY 02.13 79 TA NI N HUAI NAh HIAO 03.09.79 AMPH E a KilLQN TO N CHANGUAT. ERS 4* OLE ABANDONED, JMNIA ._l494 ._ ISAYIT' IN K U l P 120 S _ . 100-12_ MAN PUMP 0.3 UA ANC THOH N. 6, 9 111 | , 18.00 6.9 VAaN:HUAI AM KHAO 09.06. Y14 FT6 AMIPH E IL N TNOHON 67.50 12 r~ ~ ~ A A I ( g I OH Til 3 I - .a f E .e-E " ° |* l° 0100 1H^IEI lEU"ER E T9 MV166 ATSAY I9A3 NAR RON# ' 900 3 I 80 40- S0 JSAOS TONS SUSEER. ;08 :a Tal|K Tx0osttE K^E)l{NY 8;2 4 °7S25 ~~~~~A - _--_ _ II 67 .,,- _ _ JL __ _____________._., NH13 YTPKftABS R4WAV j 7 10 JLJ j r 22.8i0j8 TA. I8NIS T :HUANI1 A KHAO 2l:HYI 2 34.09 I H0 AN0 M . M. jI 3 180 | 5 I ISO jSAN|STENI 34.0 | 0 IAt iMROU 3 IgoS 6 A 18 '1160- 1N°0 JU0TN OJD 7tT I AMPHL E NCLOG THOR I ;NI 7.39 1 147 U MAiliOA jKNLGN PIONG II GO 6 I 100 I 80-100 ISHALE 9.3t O IE6 lot IA , :. KI . 796 o MU till S M. SW O, KM -. 3 IP. .. J .K .I9 HU ITOPtANGNGA( inKA MHIGHWAY. 06II 21.26 1IA~~B~ ~~LB~1 ~~I18~ -. I ~ * ~~ - ~ * .~. IPUMPING TEI Mtl -AN KHL.G ;;PON KM.O ~ 00 6 1 200 1140..160 ILECP SUSMNE. ? 700 99 MUTl"l ,30N CO 02I ,1 .oo YUAIYOr iL MG l PARI II 211 9 E INa KNH MGAil T ASHORHAY PMS* I WA I TPANGI AIHTlCINNGHA.I MH13 SAN Kill. U NB;ALT IC)IOOL lI5S;S i 143 125'143 SLATE H" IAND PUMP I:6 7.6 UANS N: KpHM N IPN? KA* I A.I; A B IL G.28, F1P1Es H L~N ;tIISM I IM7.03 6 C"PAILUAT aKUABIPING TES M"50 JAI KHbOG KNAISCHOOL. M. IO, 120 40-10 NH309 ' ~~~~F ...A... 10 10-1 I SUER 11s:oS I9 BAME H LON P SAN THUNG NAPHRAO ROAD 032.2 . 2*00 * 1 AMPHO IE KilLU0G THOM II 5.27 I 12 - CHANGU- 3.. KRASI I MVIO9 VTKLN PHO t 110 3 I 110 90-110' SILTSTONE ISUS3MER. 6.0 7.8 ~MU H Til 400 N.E OF KA.55.5 1 JLK~ I10.0 23.00 HIUAI TO0-KRA I RIG UWAY 10.2780 '4.00 'TANfON V' KL 0MG PHSgN ARP f KNLHG TNu 11.1811I112.61 168 C UANGA KNRKjHO.IIII ~ I 11 NV173 IN-m NIFM il1 1 3 110 I 80-110 ISAND SUmMER.34 . ON :KHL146PH I 1 I I 8 12I AMPHE KNILONG THOR j 140.26 4 RS UMIGlS MA F A* - ** - * .***...*..se.*.* .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~PG 10 ZXt~~~~~~ ~~~~ .w" . ..- ....... . . . . .z . . ."w9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ."""@ s . . .^z . ;ELL bO IDRILLING CASING SLOTTED AQUIFER I PUMP ISUL (FT)I PH MAPSH ET DEPTH DIAMETER PERFORATION ROCK TYPE INSTALLED IYIELD (GPMI IFOK IRON MGL UT" ZONE L 0 C A T I 0 N I S INTERVAL INDOD (FTI CL MI/L EASII1G DITE LENGTH HYDROGEO- ICAPACITY TDS (MCGiL IORt ING (FTl (INIJCFT) (FT) LOGIC UNIT SETT ING MAX.? (GPM) TOM (MGIL .-------..-..-----..-.-......-......... .. ----- ..-..---- so. , .,. *. - O ..-- *-.-.-.-.-. IV299 BAN KHLONG PHON5 PUBLIC AREA, MU TI 1 100 4 / 100 8D-100 HND PUHP 64. .3 2 KM Id 01 KM 55.3 63 3.30 HUAI YOT-KRADI HIGHWAY 08.06.64 20 105 47N TARISeN *KH Nt PHgN 08.09.84 265i 8660 ,CH6 kGWAT-:. KRA6I, E. LOG PU .PING T NH510 EAN8B6ANC NGKRAN SC YOOT M. 4, 80 5/ 80 …60- 80 SUBHER.70 20 P0 TES KI F KM. I 0I01 HUAI YDT - KRABI ROAD 04.04.92 7 TAePON KNHLONG THOR NUA 04.10.92 50 FT 184 AMPHOE ; EHLONG THOR 1 0 V125 NHLONG THOR tAT RANGSAN SCHOOL (BAN 160 5 t 180 100-160 SILTSTONE SUBMER. 7.00 7.4 TOR TAI* ,H2 0 Ry JLC 6 1F20 | O KRABI ABE 09. 6OR 600.00 THAD KAhN H I ISIE.12 AM IN NG LONG TH2 6 1A 102 .08 P146 SjUAN KNLONG KHANCAN SgNUL 72 Z50 j I | it 8U I KRTH jO2. SW *791 | 5.22 20 |3JAI NU DT~ N KRXB! N{GAUAY | Pl N ASEMHIGHWAY. 03.027 0 6 I s TAOWB N :N Lux NC TNMTA 0.67 ARHPH8E I KtH6NLUN THO 1°M | 7* * !t2K6!AT *- KRAEt X,,, __________________OI_M. 71___CR AMHE HUB1 HO ADARDA NED DRY N0Lf a..-~~.-. e.. 6 - !. '6 -em.e -6.....c 2rH IBA NHLf b6 1THT01AAT1 CHOOL '125 6 1 125 3700 0SAN HNAND P 3. NU HUI YO T1-PAN N A(PHtl KASER)HIGHWAY. 03.0.7GoI IRVL 16.0I 1 TAPRSN S KHLON6 16H TAI 30313. I I * jAMHO#E: KHMONGTIIR AIEL I0 0 10 .. . . _ .. _.- *...... _N . ..._ . . ...6.C-t.e-. . ._P TEST P1125 3 I4I'1YRiApd 160 flHU CL(BAN kHLONG I 3 8 0 0SANDSTONE HAND.PUMP -*34.08 7. KrNANIDMU TN! 3*20NIO NM. 6 j so -IVA OPrN J 1K 5.0 0:d3 Al241S ZPNAN 15HIGAY SI L STON 216.00 ,6 IAMl e : KIlL ONS TH.R TA0 0:.I3 ANPUE! * THOR I I 2N MR E l _* *; * * X, ,__k,,__,_,__,_,__f_________________ -__ e,______.___. ___-_._*_*____- 2AW DANG K RAR HEALTH CENTER 145 | I 140 120-140 L P 24000 . AMPN ML TO PR -01 RV ; 1, INFANTRY , AT.A 15 I Y 0 _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ TAMB L III I0A2433 I I3 IAMPN Ef NHKLONG THOR I- I A I I MV240 IST INFANTRY DATTALIANs 1511H INFANTRY 2370I L ESg REGIMENT, MIU 11413 jII IAMPH ON KNHLUNG THOR 1h 70.3I CMPH OfG VA NHLN TO ADAND DE RY HOLE * CHANGUAT * KNADI TA MU11HZ TAMPOE KNLONG THORI4 1? 1 jAD UP 03 HUI 7KRASI0I00 11e.fmaebn.aa .eeeA…aeKMa CHANGIAT KRABI (CONTINLE) PAGE 11 WILL NO DRILLING CASING SLOTTED AQUIFER PUFR SWL (FTI PH UAPSHEI L 0 C A 1 I 0 N DEPTH ITERVRAL ROCK TYPE INSTALLED VIELD (fPM, IROb INGGIL) U1:5111"46 L 0 C A T( )t(IN NFT I IN4T RYAL SOD CFT. CL GIL) NtRTHING ,DsATE LEr)TH HYDROGEO- CAPACITY TOS (MGIH "ENTIHING FT) ~~~~~~~IN F (FT) LOGIC UNIT -SETTING MAX.Y (6PM:' TOM (NIGJ **U**** .*ES*t*UU*****..m..a*fl .. .......*f. ...a... ..u... ..*e ..o.*....s 5O~. RH;O HAT DAN PHI U DIN NA 1o5 ... . ; ..6; 155 5M- I I SHALE HAND PUMP 7;.00 7.4 HUAI YOI PHANGNGA(PHET KASER)HIGHNAl. 06.09.78 1.SANSNE .. 00 MUI TN 9, P17 8N11KR A NEO M 1815-5SNShE2.00 2.2 TASQ zE PR DI N 06.23.78 IPCMS 124 IMPH8E : K THOR 1 SLATE 40.71 110 .… . ........ -- - --------- ttV191 Af N 235 ' 4 I 235 21-235 ISHALE Lk HAND PUtP1 lo 0 I NUAI YOT-KRASI HiGHWAY 07:2:llI 24.00 I IA lA N I PNRU SIN NA OHM 23 II 13e AMPHOE ; KHLONG THOR I 50.00 I S10 ICItNGWAT I.,.K,RAS I , ,i ! . . . . .-n H i4 BAN HUAI' LUK StHOOL ' 310 6 I 100 o 40 ' GPA VEL SUEMER. 11.80 6.9 KUjHIm 1, 100 R VO KR 48 f I I TCM 10.2 .00 I"08 S KHO"lAsHOR 08.19 7810.29 d4 MHI5 ~~ Y0l,PRANGNIA IPNET K AIE'R)HIGHWAY. 0 4ICLA I I a .l.;,6.6 CHA _ I _, PUMPIN6 TE5 50 N A aYG SCH KH 6 5 / 100 80100 SANDSTONE SUMMER. lo I NI4, 'S2KM S KM. is46 I I JLiK ( H UAROT l-PN 1A"KHh'j(PET1 KASEM)NI W6HA Y. DII( 14 00 T ARE ON 1 SAX KRA~ 3 I I I AMPHCE I KHLON6 THOR I1 1.25 I 1 .,A46* wen.T ,S KAI , _ . * dm _ s... _ ..a tE5t rQ_ Hid aN._CHON O *AN AIA KNA. SCHOOL H3 6 I 380 31o6S S . |IU IHI 20 100 O N 0 KN 45 | 3 0 1 34063S0 1SLATE SUSMER. |. 8.0 IHUAX 107?PHANG 14A(HI EKSEM)HIGHWAY. 09107 IIis I1 N s $AlE KHAO 2 I: ITAHBN I I THOR 109 4.78 1 400 00 C "A NG;WA I. .KIABI PUHPING 7ES ~~~61 . .. ..e - ~- UPIG E MNH4IS 4 lb A HUAN6 PUBLIC APA MU THI 4, l 440 5 I 440 1400-440 MAN: PUHP .0 |TAHBON 561A KHAj oN 187 31 0| .l6.7 9 ,CHA3~ N6U~AT. i8AI KM _. .0 LO 3 _.80..... _ AMPHO0E S KHLONG THOM I ° I 6.70 I 50 * ~~~ .~~~ TL'1 I~~~. LOG I ANLANG KA SCHOOL 1325 I 120 1 1 I ,WAI4O~~~-j2gI 0 OF AXM.I46 111 SAEJLK HAND5 TA lA N IL SAI KNA .81 CHANGWA .. .. ._..- _ ..nin................ _,K..__A... _ _ Vi65 |I ATSAYIT BAN NUAIL UKS NU THI I 130 5 I 100 80-100 ISH ALE IHAND PU MP 10.00 1 8.2 | OA. H OF KM. 8 H1S 10.6 1 1 L 1 72 00 3.50 B AON : SAI KHA SI OI ?SC1.8 3 IAMPHgE s KHLONG THOR I 2B ISO … CHANGU!I: KRASI MHIC00 'KNLQNG YANG FRACHAl USON SCHOOL, 2. M, 5 I 211203ME.0 6.7 300 S Of KM. 16 10 1 210 1120-0 | 1SUEER. | : 00 1 170 SBAN NUAl HAM KhAO - SAN HUA MIN ROAD 12.26.91 1 2 112 T .00 7 IANSN : KLONL YANG 1010392 120 fT 4 R HAf s KO A8t. | I 28.54 120 .___._ ! *_-_-, _ : ._ *.- ..K.e a._ RH5O1 IRATSAYII SAj KI4AO FAX M. 1, I 10 5 I 150 1120R.4021.00 I 116 KM. NWO M I4 1O4 ~ o B AN 31 UAI HMHA-SAN RUA HIN ROAD 01.Q4.2 SUR a T ARSON KHILONG YANG Ioi0.io2 I IS F T I15 6 IAMPHOE NO LANTA jI 1 28.61 120 ICHAN GWAT. 2. XAS! CHANGiAT : KRABI (CONTINUE) PAGE 12 WSLL3NOT . .aeu.aa **a* 3*.as.*-*au*a--as*....*...a.......a................ ILL NO P E IDRILLING CASING SLOTTED AQUIFER | PUMP ISML (FT) PH LAPSHEET DEPTH DIAMETER PERFORATION ROCK TYPE INSTALLED YIELD (GPM) 1RON ING/0L U7A TING L O C A A I O N DATE LENGsTH INTERVAL HYDRtOGED CAPACITY O TDS (MG/L0 NORTHING (fT CIN) (fT) (fT) LOGIC UNIT SETTING MAX.Y (GPM) TOH (MG/0 ...S**S -- a**3*3.3..-,-- .*.*.3........... ...... .......... ..--. . ........... ............ MNSO2 1 EAN tTHAIP. N . 14,1 125 100-120 hAND PUMP 18.00 I BAN ,NUA NHAN KAC - DAN HUA HIN ROAD 01.11.92 60 80.0 tINPA.N N O:N 1A;. .00 ETAMBH . K&LO Y 01.16.92 960 FT ,AMPH 0 A : :, KO AN AuI 3.38 CNANGMAT. .KRAOI…-. ................. *~ t MHS03 MASAI VA "1A' A M N. 40. 200 5 40 40-200 OPEN ~ O TAM:ON :KNLONG YANq Io:: AMP OE : K L A I 4.56 1 ._._;_f. .d. __ W. . ._ . *in3*.ar.____ __ ._ ___am_.___ _ __ __ __ __ MHS5D4 N*ATSAVIT' BAN LANG, SOT. M. 5, 210 5 /210 1100-:120 I tiAN UM 0.0 3.9 j KM NM OF NP 14.~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 J 180-~~~~~200 I UM(0go lit tAN HULtl AN KHAO - SN HUA NIN ROAD 01.23.92 jH.0 H TANSlH : KgLONGTYANG 102.03.92 I I6 AMPHE K NO LAN IA O . I I I 36.00 40 GtWAT K.: KRAI _ AV167 a 5.5 KNA 5sFAN KCNOL3!8 TNI 1 130 5 7 120 -120 I ESTONE HAND PUMP 3 7.8 16 i n13K"M .. SW 014KM. --S110I RLl PM1 .0 *01 HUA O 1r."i NI HIMAY I j j 0.00 2 AMPH K LAN1A 52.50 149 NV169 ' BAN KHLOGNG VAN SCgHOL. MU THI 2 145 5 140 1120-140 ISILTStONE MAND PUMP 7 :.03 | 7.3. 1U9 KI S o __ JL _ __- -- - 4 UANIH KNAH YHC I 02514 110 0-100 10 I .05 10 I TAM. N KUL N YANG 03.01.32 1 [ 160 AMP . FANIA I 37.30 116 NV244 W ABNKOUNG' SC OOL U TNI 3 50 4 1S 110 80-100 ISANDSTONE IAND PUMP .00 1I 7. 1KI PF KRM0 . . I I JLK I MUAI YOTKABI HIGHHAY 107.1961 1 I I I 90.00 1 TAAISON T: KNLKON6IANG 078.22131 3 1 1 SCHAIYOL. MU TiGUA i 1250 IS / 1250 |1010LTRT HAND 40.00 {;32| 09 FRPHE KO LAN A 42.71 MV245..rAW LANSO o.o1 I19I I KM Of 9K 63 | | C |NAND 20 1 0 1 NUll 23.ItA SCP AY 0 60. 74 TANS N SI G YANG 07. LO1 M_Pi _ _ K L_ NTA _ _ 14.06 28 …CHANGWAi.:-KNABI. .… .nii0.. a .am MV246 VATSAVIT OAK' THAI, MU THIt 4 I 11 5 /110 80-100 FILLEDCIEP HAND PUMP 7.00 6.7 1KMW N F NM 63.3 C 20.00 1.60 MUAI YO LONGB HIGHWAY 08. 1 CLAY I 28a.000 TAM N:KODN YANG I07.3 I NMPN6 K AI 33.75 I 1 CNAHGAT, :. KNABI1 -44 mv%7 MATSATIT BAN THUNGP, MUIH I10 5 2 '1o10020 ILTRT HADPM HU I YO1-KNSAI HIGHWAY 00383 I 1.48 2 TAMNSN K LONG YANG 0a.06.83 AMPNG K LAN A I ITES MIV2 48 MIATS ATIT BAN KNOK YUNG., MU THI 3 I 135 I9 60- 80 ICLAY HNAND 3.00 7.1 13KM OV KM 635 I I *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~" PUMP1~~~~~~ 7.008 0 NUA KN HGGNIjAY 1T1 60.00 TANSON YBNGMANG I 01 7 AMPH GE . O AN A I 4.11 64 * CANOA IC EEl . LOG CHANGWAT: KRA8I (CONTINUE) PAGE 13 * -"al -"-"-"-. --..----.-.---.-aa a -. a.U WELL NO DRILLING CASING SLOTTED AQUIFER PUMP SWL (FT) PH HIPSN28ET L O t A I I O N DEYTH DIAgETER PERFORATION ROCK TYPE INSTALLED YIELD (CPM3 IR Nt /) ASHE L 0 C A 0 N DATE EGTH INTERVAR 6 F O MG/L NORTNINC (FT) CIN /(FT) (FT) LOGIC UhlT SETTING MAX.Y (GPM) TOH INGIL) NHSO5 BAN TANA 4. 1;70 5 i 140 140-170T 5C30 HAND PUmP 1s:80 Q osm aAN HUII HAM KA81 EAN HUA MIN ROAD 02.04.92 63.00 7 YAM0ON I KS tL ANI 021I2 50 FT4 AnPGWH E KU LAhTA 02.15.9 S 20.00 18 ._. _ . ... _ C HANG 6WA T; 3 P A B I__ _ _ _ . . _MAS! . ___ .-i* ____i _ ___ - ------- MHS06 MAISAYlT LN KlR.` H_ 5, Z35 6 1 215 15-235-. 0 8 o.s. 1 KMU W KM 19 HANNRA 0.0016 S uI NAUA NIbI N RAD 02.690.00 I 06 TAME UN . kO KLANG 02.29.92 I 1120 FT 300 2}oOg- ANPHIE s KG LAN1A T I 97.50 IB330 HH507 I DN HUA HIND N . 1,' 255 1. I IAN aHUI N io I AO -IA U I R^ ]19 NAP8ti DA NU NIAHI ROD_i~ AANDJNED DPT HOLEI NSAStB^ N MAK PNtAI,'~. 7 5 25 _____ -- 'r T^l I 38"OFHK8N. N N AHIN FOAD 8S 25h~ 92 ABN NED ----- AOL U NQ A l3~j IN I TAUON: KoKLND I FT i2 HUANNII OTIt ' IA , 1N ' 21 1 - CH ~ KIA KAb . ASAND NED DRY HOLE 4- 'KM WO AN: IN ¶' 00.1** M16 ' AH NA PX LAOOLA I F-jHA E I iW. R NfL4.OIN 6h I6 ABANDINED DRY HOLE L .;.b..s.inL...'_., ,- ~ .. .a - _ . 4_o __._ _ -._ _p _ _*___. -__ MV1760 NA AHT tS HUOL. ;U INK 4 | 70i 5 / 40 20- *0 TSILTSNOIIE NHA Pj LINO fAS 1IRHAWAY ~0 SKM.IBI IS KITM| 28 - - 2M 300 MAPH8Et KE L AlNTA * I | 9 MViii ' : AN LI K'I IC HOL*. ,U AHS 5 I 170 51 40 10 40- 0 I-SHLE |HAND PUmP 7.9 0 1HU3I KR AS KM 63 3 .0 I 131.00 01 S 'TAME ON 1 KG KLAN6 I II AMPHH E s KU LANTA * * I I 9.03 ,CNA WAT;K AOI AM, ... _ _ _w _ Mv24 1 B UAN LI' 8FKN6L 'PIt 5 120 45 l 10 40 0 5||HIAND PUP:8 2.90 IHAP30t S H V. NUAT 108..631 |; 66 TUAMION KYO KAI NIG' MU TN iiP 3.00 TAIII N 0~~~~~~~1:0811.3 o *AMPUGE K AN TA 9 .03 ICHAN.GWA T:KABI.I MV249 I ANK KHaN MANAI COLo MU THI 4 130 14 / 160 1140-160 I HAND PUMP 70 . 12K W OF OKM 64 II 7000 7.30 I KAtITRANG HIGHWAY 0801f III 31.00 15 4 ANIO N z AKG A M Ao0605141 sob A IMPHUEJ, K LANA j I I 99 S34 "JA5 WATIS..K RABI..- . e. .*-*fI* a - MV298 B~~AN MAHTOKGART PULCHAREA, MU THI 2 30 5 I 70 0-20HNPUP6 2A0 KM OF KM 2064 I 0 11D000 3 T NANIEONGK K16HAG 05,.01841 .00II I2 Hp KG LAT I .4 60 49CHANGWALKA LH1ANbAI KI4AUI (EUNIANUE) PAGE 14 HELL NO DRILLING CASIHG SLOTTED AQUIFER PUMP SUL (FT) PH NAPSH LE DEPT DIAMEAER PERFORANTION RO C K TYPE INSTALLED YIELD ( PM) IRON (G/Li UT OI NE L 0 C A I I 0 N S S INTERVAL & OD FT) CL MGJL EAST ING A7T ( LEN HvtYROGUEC CAPACII ITSTNIL o........6 .. ............ ....... - - *.-........... ......in..a-. .. -*--. S..a.;-- S...... -7a X.-. ap - .- H260 MUAN8KRASI HOSPITAL, WITHIN CITY 700 SHALE sa COHPUUD. 060-7 HS 1.40 06.01.72 86 TANS O 06.1 .72 AMPNOE MUANG'KRAS! 1801 NGCWAGAT. : KRAI. A,BAND NED DRY HOLE HZ261 IU'AI K( EAS! ~WPuAL '30 LE'~ T-O S.-.~---- H200 N. OFSE1 TOH6OK81 ' OO, HRLE' AMPNHEHUANG ERABI .HL -at^"u RA SI. - A8ANSD DRY HOLE V40' t A rN PUFNP; 'AREA, C 'A105 " . - , C AhRA -HA NUPFHARATINARA ROAD 09.04.72 t NHUANG KRASI 09.06.7H kANE N I I ~~~~~~~~~ANDANSER DARHOL NH49I4W SATLL |tA ' 1 - .-_._*_ -a---4. --2H ED7HL O_ ____ __. NN499 T|St AWO^D3 90 l 5 /70 'I 706- 90 ' IHNA4N PUMP V3*0 S 7- X ERAS! ROA I2-1J:901 90 *0 FT 0 320 A"P.s m AS A . I I 130.50 320 MN4hPt9 t A IA YS^§ EIAN 2NPRUAT; . ' I' 1'0 5 I 0H INND PUMP'' 23.00 1 I mNiONIN 1 a 1I1 .o IIN RU ItLNi *e LIEN KRUAT ROAD 1 1 1 FT 125.00 NUANG KERA 11S2116 I 1 I 3 m! 6 C s * * *+ TE* .1 6 / 1 0 °11 00140 ' J CHE;;RT RUL51SUDNER I / 000 I* 00 pH IN K RAl INlHAY 07.24. 2 ( 70 00 A ITANIN ~Al HANG 03.0732 II 100 FT2 ILii tzG "Cl4NU IR *;- - tr as*i- " L 2:6 I S',,,,,,_ t __0____"___ KlAw" PH1U CNOOI 110 1 6 7 100 16q-100 ISHALE.' ISUBHER. 52 - K.11 KONG s THALE ROAR. 07GP75 I I I 50 CPT I Y4 I IRAMPHUE,OH^ : HN^R; M1A2 ERS I 2 1 6 / 12 12010 ISAE 'IAMIO AD HAGH.OMS I 0 IT2.7 LCNPNHAZ^T KRAS 1 I 6PUMPINTES A TNT KR. W_O KM. 12 EK 3.10 KI5¢1lRH -SANO6 EHAGN 1CHONROAD . 5,11-.70. 1SSM 57.0160 0 l HN U"I 1 0 6 TA N:AO HANG ii.ii.7* I I I I 151 0 ANMPHE N R8 UN KRAI 1 I 9.5 11 1 NH472 h. ~ 'Tr KA PURPIAG TEl ;L..a;~~-4 !W.-L 6 - ta RB, -_ _ _ ____ _ - _ _ NN3~~ ' UAN HL 'W'' NAENG H-JN OL.- A. So-70' S / 40 4OA- 70 IN(AND PUP 13.00S 1ERAS9- SN KHAAD O HNG ROAR 1I I2I PUMP' AMP E lusNU6 ERAS!II 22.50 HH412 Al NU'A I POHAf RA R ' 1'30 5 1 130' 1006120 ISUSMER. J0. 0 8 1O SAN NUA KHL aU KAO PANO ROAD HG A04 911 4| f 70.00 I 1 TASONN : HUAI TUNG 0 4 i 0 I90F I 142 AMPO" jMUAN KRAI0 I 7.50 1 130 aPr*, r>,tI r-, =r''---6i * _-- - --------------. CHAhGiAT KRABI (CONTTINhE) PAGE 1 5 UCLI NO ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~DRILLtNG CASING SLOTTED AQUIfER PUMP SUL (FT) PH MAPSH I El ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~DEPTH DIANETER PERFORATION I OCK TYPE INSTALLED YIELD (GPM)) IRON (GIGL) "IN P N 'lb C A T I O N I,I aI INTERVAL & I DO (FT) CL (MG/L) NE A S 7 I NG 0, A TE LEGTH P HoRE ICAPACITY T OS IMGIL) N 14 6 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~(1) CMJ IV) (T LOGIC UNIT I SETING MAX.Y ( 0PR)1)TU IT S 4 (G/L) MV297 KABI AGRICULTURE COLLEGE, MU THI 3 350 5 1 350 140-160 HAND PUMP 2.00 7. aKm EOFKM 96 60 000 190 R060 TANG-KRAOI KIGHAY 07.22.84 40: 9 6.00 1.7lIA981 : UA WIUNRJ 07.31.8 So MUG~~~A 41.90 693 HAMNGAT :KIA6I..E. LOG t-.. - - N---- .C - _ __. . ............... ... -------- ;426 ' BAN HUI; YyNNI 0K PUBLIC AREA, ISO 6 1 150 [20- O HAND PURP } 61 7 NV426 ~U TMY ,~N~K~* M 9.6 0: I 6Ah NUA KHL6Ng KHAO PHANOM. ROAD D2.06.87 2313 SA14 UA KOUNG A 02~~~~~ I 46.23 I 9 TAMBSON H4UAI YUNG 02.10.8? 31II ES CHAN.. ~!GWAT .KRABI IIPUMPINGT * .~~....... .....n ..s..Siiii o .fb i.e .i b ;VA 'ISA X NA- SONG THUNG TAN PIKIBAN KNAUS 93 6 195 75- 95 ICLAY IHANO PUMP 6 _22 7.4 Al MI L E 5 . 1 NUAI YOT-PHANG- -- - - - TMS IP5 AM 5 300 (PHET K EM? NS G HAV 12 K.2.71 | 6.141 6 TAN ON KA KNG A K0 I 2I 1 * | 6 1 4 | 251 SSH U E I MUIHC KIABI 16.40 210 ICHANGWAT -5 CKRAIt PUMPING T MES6Z BApT~U~ PKHAO K RNEA 75 6 70 so0- 70 C HAN PUMP 8:00 15AB.N UVQKU.12.I A IT I | 9.00 AMPHE E MUANG KRA I 1231 _._ ._._tHhC ., ._.r --.__- *o__ ____-_-__-...... ....... ..... . . _ . ----- IN3 SA KNAC KH;A2!M!P,LCAERA# MU T I o s 1 j0 60! 0 MA: UM 17:2 127KM. E O K 2 .7 0.2190 IKRAGI h- AULUK ROAD I8 I 90400 ITMO:KNAC KNIAN 06.0.90 I II I 15C I MP U UANG KEABI I 106.1612 i CIANGUAT :KEABI . .…. .. . . .S. .. . . .. . . . . .. . . MM435 IAWKNAG K ItA0 PUBLIAREA, MU THI 5' 4 6 I 45 25- 45 j AN: PUMP 16.00 e I K"6M. Er OF . 1316 g00 I0 IK"AB" - AGL RODoij .90I I .00 I ITANS ON KNLAA 0 KNER 08.it0u F 0 T I 2lc IAlMPHOf H UANG KUASI I Ij 20.00 I 17c ICHfANGWAI.: KRIASII M"495 6~EM ~ N , 0160 S / 140 14.0-1 6C SUSMEFR. 160 . KjA K-*0 1- S0 TAa KN4A KNIAM I 11. 39 1 f10 FT2 AMPNIE MUANG KRA6I I I .00 3 CHANGUAT KEAS n.............. n..~. .i.. … nfainna MH562 I A N KHAO K IHAU, M. ~ 270 6I 20 20-270' OPEN fHN PU4P 1l.0 Z.5 KM. I OF KM. 11! 1 1 1 ~~~~22"A::5.00 IKRAB-ALUKOA 10.291I 240.00 I IAMPHOE M IUANG KIASI 1IIII 37 1CHANGUAT XRASt mYiio B AN TON PIK SCHOO0L 103 6 I 95 75- 95 ICHERT SUSMER. 74. . I MU THI 4. CC.E OF KP.131 .8 110.01P CP'S AS:. ~ RNIPA8 CNNG'A' HIGHIWAY i1 o21.79 ITAN OBN IAKM AOKHRAM 11.06.610 III 164 IAmPH0E: HUANG KRASIJ1II 45.268 46 I CANGWAT :,KRABI IIPUM"PING TES ~*l?8 'AN NO. ---........P.LCAR..¶0..LnCO (LY HNO70 KVITS 11 AmNQk TjUlAN E5* SI,AE 1 4 1 I 015iILTHNDPM N 1: MUTHEI ,KM.WFKO K.126 1 CC PUP 00 .80 IKRA PHAHGNGA HIGHUAY 1402.62 Z .00 a PI IAMB KHAOD KNRM PA 4.04.U I II CHANGWAt KRAel CHANGWA : KRABI (COhTINUE) PAGE 16 VELL NO SHILLINC tASING SLOTTS AQUIFER PUMP SWL (fT PH 7L t 1 N DIANCETEN Ef IOTION HOCK TYPE INSTALLES TIlLS (6dph lON (L H1L3 MTPS NE L. 0 C A 1 I a N £NT HAL lb (FT) 1. 4NGIL H lININ IFl) C(IN)/tfT) (FT) LOCIC UNIT SETT I N AX.Y tSPM) TOH toIL) .--* - ---..-*.-** ...... - . -.- ...*. .. - - *-.-.......s....... 8..Su.. *S.su .u..in....ia... ...s.a.... . ..u. I. -u.... ...-.... *...-. .. ..- RV235 A208 EK AN MU THE 1 90 4 s 8O d00 60 LIMESTON E ANS PU'MP 5 5 .00 8.2 RA' I-PHANGN A HIIHWAY 06.0113L j.002 \ 1 ANIM * KM 0 KNHI ANI 06.07.13 1 5 20D "p NUAAN K AS '.15.0 100 Rvn7f Al XHAOf KHf SlCWAN UIHIT. NUiHI 4 ' 110 a| 5I 110 P0i100 CHE 'T 0O PUMP t 7 KV 7 MA LEOF ENi I.6 I C0I jA4 :: REAl PHANEN A GHWAY 02.0 . 4zI .60 g 4*P IAUNO! KHAO VHAN OZ@02.0 41 . 260 AMP NUANLK2 HASI- I- .PNPN 11Sf So HY2 E NtC ltU1'C AREA* MU THI I 105 6 I 105 ll5s105 .tSUB I i A NEW AN I |8WAT I I I | 2 01 4730 AAn z KAI * I I I I 1 6567 I 1. _ Alfi 4 KH%80|s UMPING, TEST ,1- 5 ve H VWt tH 4 PU16j 8 0 601 So9 15 ..iO-9 |LA e HAND tU AP X 00 1.0, ONE AIIGAS.:C H98Ur 0.01.745 1SNAL I 1 7.00 l 1 I HAVRIONRSHAS.f I' " I'-HN6PM 3'o. I~~AI!~~SI4 A N. AI 2II I_j o.5 sAw* THANNP"L -6 j 'l TH 4 .CHERI "ANo PUMP E TAl 9W KNA UINkS I P.0L0 JAPII MIl TNS I II.ji. O S I 10 * HURl 10 HQgANs NA N*AT I ~*fl 41 |AN 1 .0 260 fl1 16,*8 ast6N i I I I A IIIM SI 4l AMP" MUERA 1I * - 0N KMU OF EN 116 THE'S 1151 4 / 11 jCIET ISAE. '700'- ' 77 SAN NANI~~, .MU 9ShWY SA$ 5:00 2 ApNHE A KR Al I 6.43 V6 XIAN6 4 ,* . A *~**' :8 -, -- -- - MATIAi AN Al3K MO 11 U INKP KP N F KN 163~~~ ~ I: II II~ RA SlPNAN6N NIAENGWAT 106.1684i 9 .00 , 4 T 0 a KRA TH8N Mg L14139 260 "7 ANS N. I Aj I PNG E KII IC 10~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ . 20 CHANGCA1: KRAS! (CONTINUE) PAGC 1? ........ I...... o ,., ..... "ag -00 -.-' 'eon - "a ................. - ...... . . . .. -.- . ... .- dELL HO I IDRILLING CASING I SLOTTED I AQUIFER I PUMP SWL (ITI) PH MAPSHEET DEPTH DIAPETER PERFORATION ROCK TYPE .1NSTALLED YIELD (GP4)l IRJN ti0JL) UTM zCNE L 0 C A T I 0 N & t INTERVAL I | DD (IT) CL 11iGIL) A SIING DATE LENGTH HYoROGEOa ICAPACtTY Tos IG/L) HCATHING (FT) (IN)I(FT) (FT) LOGIC UNhTI SETTING PAX.Y (GP'4) TOH (14GIL) am u.s.a . .50 SUSU*C*SflUSb*W**SU*UU... .. . ........ ........ ............ ..-.-. ... ......... ......... .....--.-.-.- HV4.00 6Ah NA14 KI4ROM-lHROl4 PUBLIC AREA, 155 u lH14,9KN. hAOF KM. 16.5 ItRA81 A GHAsM6N1 HIGHWAY 07.01.86 TAMB8 ON KO AO THONG 07.11.866 AMPHE . 1U ANG KRABI 0 CHANGWAI : KRABI AGANH NED OPY HOLE H V A 4 0 t 8 6 210 ,~---- *.-^_ ---- .-_-_--- ...... ___-- --------, ----- ----- -, , , , - ------- __ ----------- MV4&0 qA M!ANB PU!LjC AREA, MU THI 1. 12 011 K.Hf K. SAF, NAI SA-HAN THUNG ROAD 01.87 TAMBON KHAO THONG 05.06.8' AMPHOE MU K RASEI I AI CH A GWA ERAIe ABAND NED DRY NCLE r4E218 SAN KHUAN TO PUBLIC AREA 90 6 I 80 60- 80 SHALE HAND PUMPI 15.00 7.6 mU tHI 3o -11K". OF PE21tK06 PC14 *.0 14.00 A ASAM RAI YAI) 06.21.0 830.00 15 TANr ON EONG KNAlAO 06.c6.80 136 ANPH E s lUANG KRABI 35.00 d5 CHANGWAT : KERASI AV;2 DAN Ni jON4 HALTH CEgTER 170 6 I 170 01SDALO SH;L HAND PUMP ;8.50 7.8 M N THI U ,A.2 A M. S f Kh 95.75 Jg 1J 26.45 20.00 NA4o . t K"otI""AOtH HlGN*I#Y Os: 357 1.S 2,11 AlHANON P NIACK;PHAIGNGA 31.8 zq AIPHO E: IUANS ERA I 56.97 226 CHANHGUAT KERABI IPUMP I TES MV1?7 18BAN WANG THONG SCHOOL, AU TNI 80 5/ 80 60- 80 ILIMESTONE SUBMER. 15.00 7.7 j9E O KM. I 81 PAUBL! 20.00 50.00 OD 19hUKAI YOSTKRABI HldHWAY 103 290121 4 V T-KRAU H 2 I i 40.00 ITAN18% : KHLONC bsNANAO 104-01.:^21 196 IAMP HOE s MUING KRABS I 13.12 1 0 I CHANGAT: KRABS MV2zo I"UISALIM DARUH ULOtl WITTHAVA SCHOOL 115 5 I 11D 90-110 ICERT SUER I IrMU 11 2, 5 KMN. U VfM. 96 1 RO I 1CHATPABLS I 1 15.0C I 0 IhUAI VO1-K RAIBI HIGHWAY 109.03.52 1 I 1 , 66.00 13 ITA 0N: KM KHANAO 109.06.8C I I I I 24 AMPHNCE HUAING KRABt I I I I I 11.93 11t ICHANGWAT K It AS I MV296 P ATSAYIT BAN KHLONG KNAMAO, MU THI 2 120 0 5 I 120 1 80-120 LIMESTONE INAND PUMP 50 o I 6 KRM Of V1 E 96 11 0 s/10I8loo IIETNEPMj 20 7.?vI TRANGERA HIGIHWAT 10;.:1.841 4 1HAM| 20.00 I 5 47P ITA1EON: KhLONH KHAMAO a0r.CI.I . I I I I 1460 49910 1NPH OE: MUANG KRABI I I I I 1 108.75 1 44o 88660 CHAWGUAT KRA1 1 MV523 TA MSON aAN TON ThUAI CCQPO3UNDMUTHI 1 95 5 I 95 75- 95 SC820 LI1ESTONE EHAND PuMPI 18.r70 150 M E OF M 5.5 K 3t. C O.au S1AN NUA KNLOG *LAE*KRUAT ROAD01:1: 33.18 61 |TAM Eh H . NLHDG KHA AO |02 16 al I | 354 I AMHO! MU ANG KRASEt 33.18 I 246 tIANGUAT: KRAEI PUmPING tEST MV34S I ATSAYIT 9AM KhLONG KHANAO. MU THI 2 130 5 I 120 95-115 SCNt0 HAND PU4P 18.00 1.8 ITRANG - KRABI NIGHWAY 107-. 1 1 1 1 5.00 1 505 ANMP H NUAN ER KRAS* 15.22 46 CHANGWAT a ERASEt NVt76 IgAN KHLON5 IAE StHOOL, MU THI 3 185 | 5 I 185 114 --5 CLAY |HAND PUMPI I8.00 1 I12 Kh. UW KM 95. vSL QC C | .00 IHUAI YOT-KRAS! HIGHWAY l03.205.80 1 1 0. I TAMON: KNLONG EHANAN 0h3.s8.8a1 I 1 1 ! . IAMPHOE * HUANG KRABI I I I I CHANGAit :. KRABI I I I …-S-.- -- - - -- __-,,_ _, ,_ _, ,_ _, ,_ _, ,_ _, ,- -, . CHAfGI.AT I(ARABI (CONTINLE) PAGE t MLPS" O IRILLING CASING SLOTTED JQUIFER ! PUMP ISWL (rT) ph UTK ZONE 1 0 C A ~~~~~~ ~~ N DEPTH DIAKETEC PERFORATION ROCK TYPE INSTALLED YIELD (GPM)l IFtIF EGIL) U1' AINE L O t A I 1 0 N 6 I INTERVAL I C tD (fT) CL (C/L) EA STI NC DATE LENGTH I4DOE-CPCT E v.L NORTHING tIFT) (IN)/(FT) (FtT) LOGIt UNIT SETTING PAX.Y (GPM) TIL (:IG/L) ..ee.e.. Weae.ee.betete..bbee.beebbbbbee.bb.eeb beebb.e. ......... b............. ...e.te. .... ...... ME219 tiU7HI 3U 1AKN . N oS Kn . 86.1 lSS 5 I 1;5 135-155 CLAY IHA ND PU"P- 4000 I C° PU THY 3, 11 NN.~~ N FK.8. CR 30O0.!00 HUAI YTi-KSAEI H"IHWAY 06.29.t0 4.00 TAMeo N KNOK YANG 07.04.t0 tO0 AMPH E MUANG KRAeI 136.61 4_4 CHANGWAt * KSAEI PUYPING tES 10H2 SAF NAK SOiVG THAr, SU/ KHAO 1 2E AO | 20 S ?C 5VSO 70 CLAY SeE.2Sb.00 LUX 7NANU(EAN NA CiilKG)oU !'2CKOA.SW I TCMg 2I.DD Cr KP.106.7 HUAI YO1-PHAI;GNGA hIGNHAY 112.02.771 LE I LIP EStObE E 7.OC TAP!ON: KSAEI NLIT 112.3C.77 I I PRELS AMPHOE : MUANG KNAEI I t I I 25.71 CHANGWAT_:_RALI I __._._._._~._.__.. ..... ......_._._._.__. _. __ _. ._.... ....... _._.. __...._ _ . __ ____ ______.. _ .. MH4R7 jAlSAYIt BAR KHAC TANS, 1. 8g 100 5 / 8G tO-100 HAND PUMP 11.00 A.5 KM N CF K 106.7 e 5.74 TArSI N KRAeI NC I 2.19 III o FT 5 0 AMPHCE muANG NgiAe 2 I FT. 7 0 CHANGWAT *,KRABl ! PH534 NATSAYIT BAN MAR PN* . 2o 210 5 1 150 1190-210 HAND PUMP 20.00 50 P. S Dr KY. IC3. I I I 15.00 1 NUAX Y - KRAEI ROAD 11M20.92 1 TAr.ON . KADINEI I 79 27.091 AMPNCE * MUANG KRAI .69 CH« NGWA! :.KRABI_,,____,,,,,____ _____,,,_z___ __....._____.__,, NI1535 BAN KHLONG NIANG, N 12i 160 15 1 160 I * 'HAND PUM P 3.00 1.5 NM8TN OFA NM i0. HUAI Y1 KRA"I ROAD 11.26.92 P 132.00 KG |TArN9ON KRAD MI N$A 12.10.92 1 I | CHANGWAT :. IADI ~~~......... ...... !._......... ...... .._._ ___.__....__......... MV73 DIAN NAR "AN S CNDOO 5 1MARLQP nv73 7FsN,lio "1H*loo M. it or KFl. 102.E 450 | NAL | I MIGIHgAV 06I: AMPHOE MUANG KRAAB I !L| S I I I CHANGAT PKABII AEANDONED DRY HOLE 19175 IAI A HARI SUAL AR ThE 1 T 200 L / 0 1 IREL H I lI KM. 8 OF KIP 102. P a0a20 P P HUAI YOT-KRAID HIGHWAY j07.13 76.F2 0 | 7Al'sTA nO KFABI NOI 03.23.42 IAMP MOE MUANG KRAEJI I I I1.6 CHANGl"Al * KRABI -- --- A IhNED DRY HOLE| 1.2 Kl f Kt. 102.5 8 1°P| 'HADPumOp 5.c 5 O CHtNGUAT :RAB1 E LOG MV325 1AMAK SONG WAY THAPSUA 120 t 95 9 1 70 90 ILIjESHONE INAND PUMP 30.00 7.3 KAI TRANG' 1H IGHWAY 102.23.$5 90 1 I EONE PU| 11MP° |1M^P4H8E MUA8h^NG NR iA 1 3.75 1 CHANGWAT KRASI 1 AGRIUL URAL OjFFItCE 100 M. N6F NM. 7 100-120 PRILES1 14L 1107. H UAI YCIT-PhtAMENGA HIIGHWAYT. 1028.770-8I os It ITAPSON: KNASt YAI 11.29.77 15t ICHAANAWAT N:KRASel IPUP1P2N TEST _ _MHO .M..__U ............._______ ._____................................_ ..ANG__. ....................__ ... .__.__._____._._ ...................... _. .,AD . PU_ 1 CHAMGWAT KRASI (CCN4TIIIUE) PAGE 19 ELL A SRILLINGI CASING I SLOTTED I AQUIFER )PUP SL (FT !l PH MAPSHEE1 DEPTH DIAME~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~TER PERFORATION ROCK TYPE IINSTALLED YIED G~PM) 30 aR& I 4G/L UTM1 2 ~NE L. 0 C A T I 0 !d1 INTERVAL & j C (FT), CL (AIGL) AS I ING ~~~~~DATE LENGTH (IT) OGECONI CAACTTIYI (P) TOSl I IGIL ) NERTHING (FT) (IN)ICFT)T OI UI ETN MAX !(YP.Ytf (GL tE216 tHUA KHLOhG PRACHADAMP.UGH SCHOOL 120 6 i 1O0 60- so CLAY C AND PUMP 14.i; . 70 MU IHI 6, 1 KM. Of BAN NUAKHLONG QC . , MARXET(PHETKASE.4 HIGHWAY) 06.02.80 2374.75 TAMRS N : NUA KHLGNG 06.08.80 1 : HAMH :A UAhI K 2.22 121 APHCE I MUANG KR I PIMPING T E,Zi2 eiN A ; A i SC HOL r 120 6 / 120 oCLAY PUMP 4103 H MU T I I h K. U F BAN 8UA KHLONG6 OCR I 0o G:12 ,:H ET(PHET* ASEnUG jGHWAY) 6 ___LAtPNi ; ii NU K 4L , 106- -- -; 263 /MPHAE IUANG KARAI III HARNGtMA! :, KRAEt PUMPING___._¢_¢_______-__________*__ lV2H; A USA N HSCN 7U THI 2 I 195 5 I 10 80-00 CLAY SUSMER. 20 00 1 4 4KM w of KM 86 Q C I 0.00 * 2.70 HUA IYOT-KEANI NHGHWAY I0.0.1 I 64.00 TANSQN: PAK TAI 0.17.5 I 3YO.O I 126 AMPHE M tUANG KRSAI 5.36 I 78 CIIANGWAT KIXRABI …u..e.eu a.aseeeeu..w.u .fSe* - IeflSS - *a eaceac . a. .a … e…. - S~~~~~--- -- -- - - - -- -- -- -- tV473 4 ; LEAN PoO M. 6i I 2 220 | * 21 0 | S HAN:D PUMP t*5. 76 A KM N HG Et 9 s L A E2.00 TKRAS - :A LUK ROAD 00 19: 1 j 1 70 F T 1 4 | |I APHOE iUANG KRAE8 I 56.25 200 CHtANGWdAT . KRABI I RHA4S5 ~UANM!O 75-MILO-fA1FFC,H.6 25 6 I 210 1180-200 IISUSMER. 40.00 7. N 1 A.2 KM. S OF KM. A OFFCE 9I. 512915 00 0H4; KR3A39 IT AIt HONG PU ALE ROAO 05 06T91 !| I|1 EION SA TPRI 0 1THAI ; I i PH0 MU ANG K(48 I 90.00 250 ICHA!,8WAT : "K^R^RAEtl ......NE --Y ---f V23 IAN LAEi PH4 C *1 6 160 1130-150 ICLAY *C-ISUBMEB. _7.7 mlU H 3i 1I KM.Cw UF AMPHOE MUANG I I OP lC. G FFI C ONPOUND . 1 1 C.oSii TANS OH Al5 THAI 02 .20. 1 125 I IAMPHOE ; UANG KAI 2281 o 1 .0 … ICHANG`WA1 :KRABI …-* MHS BAN TALINHG CH4AN SCHOL 1207 6 I 40 20- 40 ISANDSTONE HAND PUMP 150 I Is a~~~~~~.,.iI :0.0' MUA Iml, 3K. O KM.S95.8 * ' 0-120 OPEN ocR lo.0 HUA YOT-PHANINGA (PHIl' KScm)HIlGHWAY 0214.7 ICLAY I70 TANSN TALING CHAtS I2 I6 JLK CANGWATSE MUN KRADI 12.11 MV324 IBAN LANG (4 PU 3LIC AREA, MU THI 2 I 20 I. / 120 80-120 ISHALE IHAND PUMP 1.0.3 K, A ' I : ~~~~~~I I385o IA UA KLONG - SAN LAEMK1RUAT ROAD 01 17.5I 75.3001 I TAOPC TALING CHANS OL.ii.8 AMPHOE 4I MANG KRADI 3.5- M4H4!6 LA A HN ULCAE.M H , 200 I4 /200 80-100 OpENl HAND PUMPI 48.0 .0 60043 ._ AF UKM ROAD 100-200 I a 1000 I.80 K,600 M FUKM 115D 01.12.90 III 27.00 A 4M O THAP P1108.23.901 70 F T I b I MPH CE1 MUA K 3(4139.44 £ e0 ICHAIIGWdAT : KRAe1 I mH4!7 E AN THA HONG MULCARA U THI 1o 200 '. 1800 N.i M.- ii.1 I.co TAPSC4 THAP P11K 05.1.90 ADNINCIII 24' ASPHOE NUNG3(4 I DRY HOLE…L CHANGWAl: 3(48 AO, n …ABANDN DYHL LHAN~%.AI :KRADI (COTjtINtLE) PACE WO WELL NO I DRILLING CASING SLOTTED IAQUIFER I PUMP 5SWL r Ph MAPS" IE DEPTH D 1IP CE EF PCRFORATION ROCK TYPE I N AIE ILID (GI'r) IEiOI I61(L) UTP ZOINE L t 0 C A 7 I, 0 N I INTERVAL I D (f T) CL (9G/L) LASTING DATE LENGTH TOP OGEO- CAAIYTDS (tiC/I) 14011141146 (FT) (IN)/CFT) (ml LOGIC UNIT ISETTING F.AX.T (GPM) T(jt4 ('16/I) ...... U*i * ..: . n t. .In......ii.. u..in.ln FU IHI1 2, 30C P.E IF ici.11S.2 PRS. 5 5- 5LMSOELS * ADPM5 00 . IPHANGI NGAKR11ABI §-IG4IbAY 02.22.tl 50:00 3 I ITAP9S QH THAP PR1K C2.25.f1 i 'C IAMP1 EC MUANG KbADI .75 I 4 ICHA"NGWAI: : RAECII MV290 BAN NAI CHONG PUElC APEA, MU I412 90 / 90C 75- 90 jISUD 11R. 66:00 . so0 P E OF KP 11 65 .00 i.7P I TASSON T'AP P11K ODH.AY06.5l.f 2 .00 I CHANGWAT KPAEI I IV 32 6 EAN NA! CHONG……* …--;:Z7'm 1lc 00 ?-g SE0LMEIII * llI UM 0 50 V E 31F V" 1 15 I 0 0 0IAD10.00 L. NRAAe PHANG NG# HIGH6AT 03.01.1 SC2IslSOE UP 10 .00 iC TAPe N :THSP P11K TN63.09.5: I 01.C o lAMPHb £ HUANG KFAEI 1i0.00 * 266 ICHANGWAT :, KRAeI....I... MV439 N H OPU9LIJ AREA, PU THI L. 90 1 C ?- 9IHAND PUP 15.4311 IRAK RAal IGH6AY 0l.: 6.17 R 9 7AMPH MUANG A 0I 70 90PUM 015 8 ANM~~~~E RNPGTKAll ~~~~~ I 50.00 2 eiiANWA :RpAD I I PUMPING T ES MH474 P.ATAVITBAN KHLONG P.UANGP ,20 5 201,-0 A . N 1114474 KAISAYII~~~~~. KM iOf KM. 14.7 Iif 10 KRASI - OAK NONG6 THALE ROAD 104 2 29 *91 D PUMP TA BN NCNG IHALE N. s 00. FT 20 1414450 AMtPHO E MUAN KPASIiIII 41.250 I 25 CHANAWUAT .KROAeI 141.496 eAtfLAE11 WP M. 4. 140 1 5 1 120 12-4 HN PUMPI 26.00 .1 '1 RA.AI DAN hAl SA ICAD 11.24.91 I '" 1AO4 .00 5 TAM.I`: NNG7 1ALE1 11.30.91 I FT 7O2ZL IAMPNOE M UANG KIASI IIIII~ 21.96 .130 ICHANGWAI :K IABIII 6* __a. n.'n . .n.......-..------.-- ----- NV293 BAN KG0 KWANG PUBLIC AREA, PU 11HI 3 140 22 fi;P OF Kr. 3.5 KIAS -PA4NGA HIGHWAY 106 17.8 47F AMBN NoN NhALE 06.30.54 47215 AMPNOE NUANGEKRAGIII 69085 CIIANGWASI K_ALIIAADNDDYHL MV327 rATSAYIT BAN NOC- 114ALE, M. 7141 1 5 / C I 55- 7 C21IETN ISUIDMER. 200 50 P w OF K 4.4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I 110.00 .1 ISUSAN 1401 * SAP NA! SA ROAD J.CE I22.o0 316 7APION HONG THALE 294 AMKPKGE MUAt4G KKILB1 9.S2 210 C14A'GWA7 KRADI I 20 9V ATAI OFN KHAD1 0LMM Tl7 5 I100 40-60IHAND PUMP 22.00 I 7.9 IKRADIl S AN NAI $AA ROAD 106.11.86 I I 0o 11 ITAPa O ltiGN INALE 06.17.116 1 1 I IAMPHOLE 'WANG KRAeIIIII .72 I I CHA'IGWAT KEAEI I 3039 PATAEICFA NR.. ! I -MU 71!5, j 140 £ 130 90-130 1 SULMER. 1.60 KiSS! - vAl:KNA! 515, ROAD 106.186 1 I1.31 li TAP! CN O4NE~ THALE 106. Z3.86 IIII AMFPNOE MUAG PKAatJII 27.35 I 17f CIA NG WAT KPABII IPUPPINE 7EST n- … .nan.n a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-- -- -- . -- …-- =…-------.----- Nih.hG6A1 KRABI (CON1;HtE) PAGE Z1 WELL NO DRILLINGI CASING I SLOTTED I AQUIFER PUMP ISdL (FT) Ph APSNIET DETH DIAPETER PERFORATION ROCK TYPE INSTALLED YWIELD (GP!) IRs (mG IL) UTM ZONE LO0C A I N I t U 8 thtERVAL 51 Do (FT) CL (IG/L) £ASTINlG DATE LENGTH HTDiGEO- CAPACTV TYGDS EOG/LJ NCRTHING IFT) (IN)/I(F FT) LOGIC UNIT SETTING MAX.Y (GP!)1 TCH (IGIL) ,*** **** mean... aagaumsss~~~~~~~~~~~. ... .S.gas saex -iar MV399 AN LAEjM SFOKPPUEB3LIC AREA,MU THI 4, 90 5 90 50- 90 HAD PUMP la 1 !oF Km. 13go~= I UP ~ 8 iRAs! - OAN NAI SRA ROAD 06.24.86 32.0o 12 TAM9QN HONG THALE 30.36 1 38 AHPHCE MUIANG KRAS! 16 II 4.22 4I48 CHAHGWIAT KRA81 E. LoG NE226 AMPHOE PLA IOPHATA OfFFICE ,COP0OUf4D I 100 6 I 30 6820- 80 ICLAY HAhD PUMP 19.°00 6.! H U TN! 5. 0.6 K-. 4E OF KM. 145 I 60- 80 QC INANDPU 2I 6.50 HUAI YOT-PHANGhGA ROAD 09 .13 e°o 11.39 I 6 ITAMBON Ia'. b.U:0 I II AMPH0e * PLAI PHAYA 39.62 60 I "AP NH2WEA KRABI_. IPUMPING TES MH467 BAN KUAN SIAN*, 5, f 125 5 I 1 120 20 HAND PUMP 20.OCO 7 Al LtK . PNW RSAEi,G RdAD 03.12.91 S 5.0 8 TAHSON2KHAO IHEN 03.15 .91 1 302 MPH5E; PLAI PHAYA . 200.00 300 CHANGWAT: KRAI I MHS60 lDAN KHLONG PANYA, M. 6, I 160 5 / 160 1140-155SC# I 105 00 14 K. N or K1, 9. 111 1 S-O HNAG TO- PLAI PHAYA ROAD 0. . 5.00 |TAMDOM N KHAO KNE' 07. 19 130 ERFT I IAMPIIOE :PLAI PHAYA Ijj 187.5 0 ICHANGWAT.: KNAUI… MH561 I KNUAN SIAN 5 180 5 I ISO 0-170 SC I IHAND PUP 14 KM. H oF KM. 12.3 INIS Ad LUX * PNRA AEhG aeAD 07.14.93 1 1 1 I 33.00 TA iMUON1 KflA KN"E 0 ?.21.93III 2 IPHUE i PLA PH"AYA… I iA L j 43.18 HV122 IjAT CHONG ACK I 310 5 7 110 50-It6 ICLAY I HAND PUMI 15.00 7 IMU THI 5,V5 K.N OF XK.9.7 1 1 1l 11010 Ay PC-7 II 5.03.2 IAO LUK-PHRA sAENG ROAD 02.11-311 1 IQUARTZITE 75 300 1 IAMPHOE iPLAI PHAVA 1.ZS 1s; CHANGAt: KKRABI I NIV234 BAN KHLOG PANA SCHOOLo HU T i 110 4 / 90 | 70- 90 iSANDSTONE IHAND PUMPI 18.0 .4 11KM N OF KM 23 II L 10.0 )ocl 1-LUK PHRA SAENG ROAD I0.12.811 I I 42.00 IC AOON KHAO KNEN 0i-5.a83 15 I j 132 APHO PLAI PHAYA IoI I 7.50 13b * CHA4AT . KA. _ . .!_.mC wi! ...m .... __... MV276 AN11l NATHAO SHOCL, MU THI 2 210 MV27 KA S Of KM 46II I PLAI PHRAYA-KHAO TO ROAD I02 1.34 I 47P TArPON: KHAO KHEN 0H2. I7.a4 AMpNIE P!AL PHATA I I CHANGWEAl. KAIAe ARANDO'IESI ORY HOLE… NV277 WI ITHAA PRAHAKNEM SCHCEL, MU TNI 3 300 100M S OF KM 47 1 1 1 PHRAA-KHAO TO ROAD 02.82384 PIAP s PLA I j ClIAYiGMAAT .KRAP-1 AHDWII DRtY %ILE N4V2II 15AN CHONG EA PV3LIC AREAC, U TNI I 310 1. / 300 402 O 1 HAND PUMP 30.00 I c SAN KHAO TC.AMPHCE PLAI PHRAYA ROAD 05.10.24 1 1 50.00 14 479P TAPON * KAI KNEN 0 .21.5a I i I 27.0 | J 479 0 AMPHOE :PLAI PHAVA 2700I4 94450 CNANGMAT KRAel E. LOG . _ ._._. ….--......_......_._...........___._._...................___._._......-._-___,___-_ tHAhGWAT KRABI (CONIINtE) PACE 2 WEL; NL I DRILLING CASING I SL;OTTED AQUIFER I PUMP ISWL (r TI pH MAPSHEEIl DEPTH DIAMETER JPERFORATZOJd ROCK TYPE I TALLED I YIELD (GPn) IRJI. tHGrL) EA TI NG O DATE LENGTH A YDPOGED- CAPACITY DD E S T IG/L) l RT H tiC (CT) tIN)/IF) (FT) LOGIC UbIl SETTIIG NIAX, (GP') I,H (t IGIL) *-'ey* aS..*--aSS.-.--.---.-- .-. --. s.s.-.-S..S *-UU -.-.-.S ..u.SSSU Samst.e.S S*.6 .-s.t I t. sszst= 'iV39I EA SAHAKON NtKPHtK PUBLIC AREA, I110 6 I 110 5D- 70 !HAI:DPUNP 10.0C 7.- KU THI 1, 2 KM. tr Of Kl . 12.5 90-1 10 30.00 1.CU AD-LUK -PLAR PHPAYA ROAD 05.0.66 75.00 1C TAbBQN IH(A KNEN 05.14.F6 6O1 AMP H§E: PLAI PHAYA J 19.29 1 __._.,._,_._._._._.-._._.___~. . ...._ . . . _ . . _. _ ,. _ ._._. __. .....___ .. ._- _. . ___. . ._.-.-_-_-_- _ . MV115 - AT KHAO TO SCHOCL 170 L IESTINE **U IHI 4 IC KP..E OF KV.163.5 PRELSI T KRAr Ao NGh'P hGIGHUAY 12j 1 E e [o I AMPHOE PLAI PHAVA I I I I ICHANGCAT7 KRAB I APANDUNED DRY HOLE lVI16 IEAI. PANG WI) SrntCI 110 / 11C 90-110 ShALEC ISUER I 11.00 7.S k:Asel;p"^sCKtwlOs^v6^ I224f PC 4:$c tE KR E-PAG GA HIGHWAY 122. 40 ITAeO * KAE O1 70* t' 2c 'AMPNOE PELA PAYA I 4.04 17 ICHANGUAT: KRA6 1 I PtV35c hAT BAN NA lU 1HJ 6 190 5 / 18C 1 60- 80 1 IPAND PUMPI 10. I -1 K F. E OF K. 3 .5 1 f lle-110 I I I 5.00 I IPHANOH - BAN NA NUA ROAD IOS.C1.c6 1 I I 110.0 I It TAPE N KHAO TO 105.07 t6 I I I I I s3k AMPHUE PLAI PHAYA I I I I 1.15 9 C.HAhGWAt: KEA-- I I - ME I 7 AT B ATH o UKp ARA3 (BA PA NAZ K NA . 100 6 0 60 40- 60 OUARTZITE NHAND PUMP 16.00 7.1 tuIII N 1,35 KMa NE Of Kr. 165 uCSI DCC H IUAI VOT-'PHA NGNh ROAD 109.Is8 soI 2.00 10 k TAreON PLAI PHAVA 109.20.801 2 1 }60 AMPHOE: PLAI PHAVA I I I j 5.83 23C CLA NG WAI KRAEI , MH465 IVAHSCHOOL, M. iC, 1 120 5 72 120 11 2 PU0P 5.00 |A7.7 111KM.1 N KM. i. HASI .0 4.40 {KHAO 7" - PLHI P'N114..A. 103.2l911 |21-20 1 2°o°0027 PAMBON PLAI PRAYA j03.0 .91do IAMP HOE Pt!PAA jIi 116.25 IC-ANOWA f. OMAR MH466 IRAN THALM hs1j, I1# 230 5 230 1170-190o IAND PUMP 53.00 7.2 11 KP.1 0o KM. 9 &10-230 1 2:t 2.70 K1HAUK PLHA PNAE 9 ROAD 03.06.91 1 1 I I 6 TAMB N PLAI PHATA 10372.0 I 1 2 30 AMPHO * PLAt PUAYA I I I I1I 1CIANGWAT : KRADI) . …… MP I6e 8 EA ; NAN SSC HOOL .. li o 260 |AO LUK -PIRASAENG RCAD 03 16 91 1 1 0 ITAPHUE0 PLAI PHATA 0 I ,., A M 1 8 2 'El PtA P C 2AVA 034 t4 8 2 | P ICHANGWAGAT KRAEIII AEAND NED OPT NOLE . ........... --- -_ _ PU II26 100 A1. HIAN23. 120 6. I 12 012 IETNSHANDPUP 0: z M2O SAMWAKSONG BAN tA~ SA 01*2 1 2 uN AO LUK-PlNRA SAEING ROAD 1100-25 fLIMESONE 19 IAMB N P LA) PHAYA 101 31.81I2 A.4P 0 P Al PHAVA 29I I I 29.5 I W47 RD PUPPINGC TE!T MVIS2 AN HAT T54UA SC - DL MU TN1 7 60 4 / 60 L0- 60 LPEON,HAND PUIPJ 5.00 7.9 10, P. 1 1K.2 Or 04.21.8 60 PR I I I0 10 AD LUKP!HRA,SAfNG HIGHWAY C4.21.8i .910I ITAMPNEC .PLAI PHATA I … … .-- … --- -- NAGPHdA tLK KPAE A9I t CHAhG6AT KRABI (CONTINUE) PACE 23 *dELL NO IDRILLIIG O CASIhNG SLOTTED I AQUIFER I PU4P ' SWL (FT)I Ph 4APSH EEl LEPTH I DIAMETER PERFORATION ROCK TYPE ItSTALLEO DO IR(r' ('IGtLI IJTN ZONME L 0 C A T I 0 N I I ~ T RVAL 4 OD (FT) CL' 19G/L), EASTING DATE ILENGTH H I NOROGEGC CAPACtTY I OS (lOlL) NORTHING FT) (Im) (FT) ILOGIC U1IT! SETTING I MAX.i (GP 7DS TOM elG/L) *****3*W *SCS. S- - - s - .u ...... ..so. aa...... -.- '.......O...... .. ........; . .... *......n. -. HV233 40C PLA S OFKHA22E5aNA SC.OO 10 4 / 140 120-140 L RES LS SUtHER. 3 tgg OV 0 *3a 0 MO Y 'I1W AT I OM j I AOH8EK j PHtA SAING ROAD 05.01.83 . 4.92 1 NH E Of K 9 TA LAI PHAVA ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~ 0.010 '4BP E PLAI PHAWA I I 4.92 270 52S955 CHANCHWAI : KRASI . . 1 pZ 'v286 JAP SAHG PUIAH AREAL HU THI 6 130 4 O12 6M90- 130 VOLCANIC )HAND PUMP 45 c.l 20 FKH2 0-2 2.0012 49243 AU L K-APAtO SPA ROADN 25.0J. 4 4,.00 10 *7P TAPS N : PLAI F 4A YA 0530S.M4 280 4t90 WXHOE *PL Al PHAVA .452 L240 4539 CHANGWAIKABI PUMPING TEST MV287 JEAN BANG H4r PU6LC MU TNI OO 130 4 120 1 60- 10 LINESTONE IAD PUMP 4S.00 . 'A_ S AEG L H 1 A9 A M SCHOOLP MG I 6 60- AO-LUK-AMPIHOC ARI 41.5 X0 10 48690 AMPO E PL4I PHAYA I * I . ; ; 47P AHPHB PLII PHArA I. 0 * a .2 , _20 9 4530CHANGWAT : KRABI - M33 A NPELC E MU THI t 130 t 5 90 |2 825 | iH ZU5. 00 7.9 IAOLBK WIANG 4A ROAD 104. 19. 9 I 2 I _ UP 4AHPH8E * PLAI PIA 4 2 j TANSW N LAI P AYA 04.24.C > ICHANGiAT~c : KRAel MN464 E BAN 50K KA3 HONG SCHOOLN3 I 310 | 6 1 290 ISU2ER 7 ,.3 4A LUK PLAI PHAVSA ROAD 02.16.91 I I ER. 700 1 TA8N : KHIRI WONG 02.22.5i91 1 j 130 F7T C - tHA NGWAT * KRABI ,AN50 | 1 NAM Ho MAN PLAM H.% K SC6, GL 21P0 I20 12A0-2P0 LAe S L 21 305 H AI LU 3 * ZOO N. RA i 2 K| | . 32 APSN K PHIRI ON2SAEG ROAD 10.J.9 I ! 143 A17 : PN AI PHAI A I 05.2,.2 toI 3192 IANPNOE I I HVA31I iCHANGWAt * XRABI - … S ** … … … … … … … …n............~ uNS40 IT&LA7 NIKHCM A0 LVK. N. 6o j 160 5 I 120 1120-160 1N PUt P| 91 00 IS KM. B OF KM j 330 'Ai LUK PHRASAE44 ROAD 01.29.93 3216 U .3000 ITANS9ON !IRI 16ONG 01311.9311tI |AAPHOE * P1LAI PHAVA I I I 4Z.3C icHA.NGJAT :.XRASI ,YN59 1 LKN PRA CEAATIVT SCOOflC, *4*,| 5 1320 | aSuD , EA.OPtt 70 4HS/l AHKON PRAJk UTHI C"OOL~ . 6. 160 5 13/ 2.630SE-EA I'O . N C F KA. 7.9 II201SQ A- 10 CUK - PHRA5AENG ROAD 10.2.93 I I. API it KH IP W ONG 02.06.93 II10F ANPHOE PLAI PHAYA j I i I I j l.Z I CHANOWAT * RABI I A ._ ._._._ . ._._._._ ..._._.__--------- ..........__*_.-^...__.-_.-----.- -__- - - - -. ._. -_ -._- YHS6 |EIHAGLKCOPERATVEOFFICE. 250 / 200 1H80100 A PUMP Ii i'H5; 4 LUk- PHMASAEK6 ROAD 06. 093 20-20 .A0 TANDON KHIRI WCNG 2 31 I S I iAtPN P1A41ApIAYA A0AND ME* DRY HCLE _ _ _ _ _ ,_G,A, ,,RA . ._.-… CHANGbAT: KRABI (CONTINUE) PAGE 24 *a.aa. aa.W...a aaa.a. .......... ........... ......a . . .... ......a.aa.a...a ..........a.. . .a . ...... -...... WELL ND I IDRILLINGI CASING SLOTTED I AQ;IFER I PUMF ISWL (FT)I PH UtAPSH E0 DEPTH DlAtETEr PEPfCRATION ROCt TYPE INSTALLED IIELD (GP.)' Ii"l (ILIL) Ulm TiE L O C A T I O N C E INTERVAL I OD (rT) CL t(;IL) NAO7TN]t DATE LENGTH (ET HgRDROGEOI CAPACITY . (GP) (I ( WC IL) (IT) (IN)~~~~~F) (FT) LO GI C U11iSETTING AXYGP TH I~CL) S.S*.at.S.t.t.. - .S t*-.* .-. .---.-.- . . -. -.- - . . .,.. . . . . . . , _ , .,_ _. tlV275 LAN}C t'3( NAC FHONG SCHODI. Rb lel 3 200 ata*. *.S.. a. _ : _ _r ZOC r E OF Kp. S.5 AO LUK-WIANG SA FOAD 02.1LE 47F TAtp,ION . 'KCIRI WCNG 02.2C8 4. AMP H E PL Al IFA IA CHANGAT . : KPAEIH I AFANDO4ED DPY HOLE _ MV2t5 1AT KHOK SACE hU THI 3 3103 4 260 1Eo-2cO I- jSUEHfR. tC.O I 7.' 20C i S OF Kh 9 04.1. 240-60 I ? 6 ODC | 47F TAPBON : KHIWRI NO 1Wr27N 8 lot - 4 44 0774 ANPHOE : PLA) PHIYA .2 I 12.55 93475 CHA'4GWA1 :KRAfI I E. LO _. __._._._._._.__ ._.___*_.-.-_.. ______ .. .. ._.. __.I--------__ __ _ ._ _ .__ .__ _. . . __ . .__I..__._._..._._._._._--_-_-_-_-....-_- 4V392 hAT THAM VARIRIIICBAK SANG HIEO), 9 90 0 t I 90 I 70. 90 I INAND PU4FI 25.0C ! L.( I PlIN 2, ! Xi. c ER KR . E.5 I05o 1-3 AU-LUK - PLAI PHRAYA ROAt 105.15.t6' 1 1 10.00 1C TAPE NId :KNIRIA HONE 105 20. i 1 sC AMFN E :PL'A PHATA "I I 105.00 6t CHANGWAi : KRAEI ! E. LOC '!V3 5 3 |SAVNAAK 5ONG(EAN HUAI KRUAT) I 7 5 / 70 I 0- 70 H 3C.29 | 3 - PU THIll KM. E OF KR * 8 1II:I AC-LUK PLAI PHRAYA OCAL 10 521.1 6 30.29 I7AION *KNIPI CNC 1 I It AMPOCE PLAT PHATA J I I i 7.5, '44 N ECHANKWAT.: KRACI I . -Ur-PIN- l…… t MP4Z9 LAP THAP PRACHANUKHRC SCHOOL, P. 3, 140 5 I 140 016-00 IKHL3NG 7HUI.G - 1IUNG Yll REAt 106. 15.90 I TAtNeQN : 0j.24.90l AIPHOE : LAM THAP I CICHAKWAT :. KRAE I I I IHN430 |E!At P¢HM!NG XHNIKALA PUELIC AREA, M. I., 100 OC 605 - |TA30ON o KMN. 39 62270 9 -4 lLAPP. THAP - BANG KCHANi ROAD 06. 5.O "DI.6 TAPU9ON p0I6. 7.90 1 86 I ANPHDE LAM4 THIAP 1 I I ueq CHANGNAf -, KPAEI TES MN446 I SAN "MPET CHUAh PUBLIC AREA, MU THI 8, l1 | 5 7 110 90-110 I SUeNER. 53.00 15s o S Or 'CA 1. 2 800 | 1LAN. flAP KAPAIiG ROAD 1:i~11 20 TANP, ON I D,INUDOFR i': 2.0 |AMPH"E L TNAP 1 | 00.00 ICHANGWAT. 'CKRAEII~ - NVI129 I 7NDIN DAE! 2SCHOOL 110 4 / 110 90-110 ILIRE STONE SIUPMER. 650 7 g I ANO IN 3P PP5 elI PRELS 10.000,Ci KHLCNG HNOk;'AP. THAP ROAD 04-°0. tSo TlARO * D1N UDO 0I4.0.F I ANPHCE LANA THA I I I 22.50 I 96 ItCHANGWAT : KNAbIII MV365 E AN 'CHUAN LUK LANG POCLtC AREA, 1 120 II IP.O TN! 3p 2 KRq. S of SI YAEK SUAK |PALM LAN THAP - KA PANC ROAD 112. 5 I ITACBON : DIN UDO. 112 .2t5 1 1 1 AMP I OE LAN TRAP-..0 .CHANGAT . KRABAI E C. LOG ArANDUNED DRY HOLE MY366 I04N TON RAlAM Pue2Ic AREA RU THI 3, 60 1 I 60 40- 60 "AND PU4Pr 2z 8 1 141 KCM. CVGFKRP.E I .1000 C.9 SI TAEK SUON PALP-SAN PLAI TlANG ROAD 12 E is1 12.00 I 1 ITArSON DIN UE31. 112 *31:e 255 IAMPHOE LM THAP I AP!1 C___ICNAT 'CRAEI . CHANGUiAT: KPADI (COIJTINLE) PAGE E5 ;E;; 1HO 1 DRL;INGi CASING I SLOTTED ! AQUIFER PUiIP ISUL (fT) L PR IAPN CTDEPTH IDIAMETER P0F0AX't RC YPRE INSTUALLOC I YIELLD (GPP)"I pH.1 161 A STINE L O C A TI 0 N i 1 ; INTERVAL S (FT Y CL DS(G/L (A STING j j~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 ATE ILENGTH I Y8R0GES I CAPTACITY Io lB (1611L tt-RTHlrJG I(T) (IN)(FT (FT) LOGIC UhITI SETTING HAX.Y (6PM) TOH (A4blL) wa w| s as ^X suw .....*.. .. .. *--..w-a sarr.;rs7 Xsom$a-s as. .ws I Xw" a -.2"a" w s tVtS6S ANPA KiA!), lU) TNT 7. 9 90 7090 59:0 o IANG KHAN - LAM THAP ROAD 08.18.89 1.00 5 TAPSE QN BIN UP |08.22.891 . 70 FT . AMPU CB LAN T AP3 3I 30.*00 I 122 C" ANG UAW :.KRABIII 4E221 1B1AN LAM THAP SCHOOL 1 140 5 Z 140 1140 ISHALE SUBNCR. 20.:o008 to PU TIN 6.. 23 KP.. E Of KM4. 71.8 j 101oJX 1K 1 5 HUAI lOT-KRABf HIGHWtAY 07.16.0 31.00 8 ITPCI LAN HP0.18 16F I: TPGN LMN THAP or: I 70 fT 265 H8 I EAN HONG CHUT SCHOOL (4 TN RUBBER 220 6 1 200 200-220 ILIPESTONE SUeNER. 21.00 7.9 CRGANI1AT ION)..U 1134 KM.NE Of KP.7TI8 5 1 220 PR8LS 200.00 0.10 HUAI TOT-PHANI NCGA PHEIT KASE)HIGHMY. 0A16.78 I8.00 I 6 HTPSN: LAM THAP 10 8.8I 10 TI 2? ANPHO E LANI tHAP I * f T 400.00 i9 .ICHANGWAIA :. KAA1 .… … … … r4H9 EAN SAPT ,JuUA N SCHOE L 130 6 1 130 110-.l!O ISLATEPCS ISUSMER 16.300 |.C MlU flit. gKM NNE OF KM. 71.8 1 8PNj 30.00 6.0 HUAI YOT-PIANGhGA(PNET KASEN) HIGHWIAY 06:0' 11.00 AMta8E, LAH THAP 7 R I 171.82 I tO CHANG AI KRASI BV6- AN LAP THAP,PUBLIC,ARCEA..U THI6 160 £/160 10 ADPM . | t 00 P. N oF tIMAP 8 A N LA THAP COUC INCL 4 0 21 0 10. 00 089 ANTHAP IKA PANiG ROAD 12.12.851II 123.0021 ANPRNS. LA! 7tNAP I j17 I .0 . ANPHS N LAN IHAP It.17.85 1 I | 5.06 254 CHANGWAT *KR AI ! A. LOG °5 '436 I N R CH3L MU THI 2. 90 4 6 90 70- 90 jSUAER C j 7.9 ljlKM". WU U KPS. 36I60 .'l ITHUgIh TA! - LAM THAP ROAD 112 10.85 39.18 li TANSUN ILA ThNP 1122.IIIa5 ,3 1 1AMPHOE : LAN lHAP I T-Sr CHAGAT :KR 6At 8 P__PINZ AV423 KING AMPHOEO LAP THAP OFICE 6COPPOUND 110 6 I 100 0- el) INAND Pip 14 i.75 'KHLI4 6.. 300 P. N F C 2 .8-12I7 63.4 ?IPN 7GGE TOLNTI4jG 1. RA13 811 i 1 U P 3.7 1I TAgCNICH LAN THAP S1.2!.8? I 325 1 7 lAPC:LA I THAP 632 i 54 1CANAGWAT :.i(PASTI PUMPING TCST'__ 'U4;4 |AN DON SA I PUSBLIARCSA, AU THI 6, 163 4 I I 160 C-12C INAND PUIP 21.25 7.6 jt 56 IC. SC@ s.e.e KB'. Io1401613 o40OE SEEt t8 iKHLaNG THOPT ;uQ G tAI ROAD 01 26 37 9 1 0I * 3. 17 r1 TAPBC,4 LAM HTHAP I13.? I3.37 AHPRoE . LANI FtAP I t I I 41.268 CHANGUAT KRABt I PUIPP3 1( I CHA 6:a . s A 1__,____,___,__._ !_..,_--------- -- -------- - I ,OH.5E63t XY I t 430 61 1 30 180-430 OPEN ISUeER. 11s.00 I 414563 Ioc:~~F KM * ~ * ~ ~, j...... 7.000 tRA I .0 A CB 01 92K s5o0.0 ITA P.SO!$ : 0a.16.93 1 70 FT 06 AMPHOE : NUA KHELONG I I 08 ICHANG4AT :. XRAIt ,___ VA ._I. C_ ._, _ . 120_1,0 .__ .PUMP ._._ NUA iKHNOs' * .' ICP RUAT ROAD 11:1492 00 TAPFee : Ki'ONG KHANAN I 9.92 III AAMPHOE : NUA KNLLCH G 539 CAGWY:, RS ---……----- CNANG6AT: KRABI (CONTINUE) PACE 2c WELL NoC IDRILLINGI CASING I SLOTTED I AQUIFER I PUMP ISWL (CTII Pt MAPSH EL DEPT: jDIAMETE9 PERFORATION ROCK TYPE INSTALLtC YIELD t(PM1)l 1PUt (AltL) UT" A6NE L 0 C A T I 0 N INTERVAL I OD (F T CL MC4fIL) S& 71S ING l t t e(FT) (IN)/(FT) (FT) LOGIC UNtWIT StTTIt.G 1AX.Y tGP-;) Tro (.tJL ) ....el. I ON. --- .----O...N.o - -.-t, . .. ...... ... .. ... ...... -U ----fU* T7S1S.t SS* tU S*UaS3t.t,......=......, MD 564 IEAtL KNL0I. C HNAK~A SCt'3CL, F . S, 105 5 1 -53-4 t' SP[ 5.0C b.UA kilD.NG - LiEP KO: RDAD O8.17.93 1 30.00 O10 t. E Or Kt4. 10. 8510 1 .O 7Ar30N . KHLONC KHAMAN Oc.31.3 AMPH NVA A KAHLtNG C18i| .04 1 ICHANGWAT -_KRAE' I MH565 Al. UAI gO,r,: 170 5 I11.0 j140-170 SC#3i51 'HAND PUMP', 180 lAKt. lN9 KC O.0t ITAPION KNILNC KHANAI: IO,S1:9 .0 'AMPNCE NRKIILOtIE I II I I 40 ICHANOWAI KPAE: I I N456t I KRAT YANI TAlO1t CObULCIr, P. 4, 1 I10r I / 100 4e- 5U5 P0 NER. 0 PU'4P 340t I rLCNG), 11L TI, 2 1 K5 .60 IS Z1 ; l'UAI YET - iCRAD! SIDE 15.00 ITAt 9GN KNOU YAE' K ' ) I I 2 I AMFNCE: NUA KHLCNC- 6 4.71 25.50 ICHANWAI: KPAEI -*---- ..…..................... VH6 |A7 PHINITLhROfitE7AtAetPUKKI(E1 .DF -. 2 6 310 | 6 I 300 0 U1gRS I1.AER200 Z41 IhII9HN Y AT - KRiLA 6 RA 11.E f 1 I II I . 39 0 1 I&UAI TSTITKAEI(PI-t KANA1) HIGFt$Y 112 11 5/3 160180 O |0.00 | ITAt90iN *NUA KHLN I11. LL2 PI l12: 1 1 I AMPHOEi NUA KKHLLCNG I I I 204.71 I 24 ICHANGWAT . KRAEI , I _ MNH3C IS(Al CHA3 CNIJ KGNC681` Z 200 5 / 180 118020 AND PU.P00 I &C P. NE CF K? 1. lBa0o00 HUAI VCT - K ROADP 10.05.92 1I 90 0 AMPH0 E NUA KHNIONGIII 62.31 I MR531 liUA KHLOtG,OFFICE COMPOUi.D, P.214 P1012:4 MN COC . EO KP951. 10 5I10j20-40 iAD20.00 HUAI 101 P RABI OA 10.2'.92 12390PMP .00 7A P.O NU NC-NG 11.01.92 III AM P:OE NUA KHLGNG II.77 …Hf A…,. K A. . .. . .... .... . - ---- - -- --… NNH532 I AISAYIT BAN NA OK * P. 6, 355 5 I 315 13535I HAND 50.005 I1.2 KM S sOFKP 9 i 3S .UP 10.00 I UAI Y6TW - KAEI ROAD I I 92I 95 .00 I IT TAP.BON NUA K'HLCNG I 1 ,I9 IAMPUOE NUA K HLONGIIIIj 20.13 I E HANGWAT: KRA,E-------- CHANGIAT : K R A P I SMPHOE NO. OF WELLS PAGE ~bUKo 2 KHAA PHANOMeaveassewoossfie 25 .......... 3 KHLONG TNOM 8 4 KG LANTA ......e,{ 5 HUANG ifABI 8 NUA KHLONG..,............ 9.......... 25 ^o'T''t' 'rerF-t; hoZ,2 r"?r, rsi T .G^ T t. 'A, -", -Z25 n^^ - I 6 APPENDIX D MARINE AND OIL SPILL EMERGENCY RESPOJNSE PLAN OF IABOUR DEPARTMENT V I Al V 233-7342q I)ll.. a Fax 234-2861 _______________ VHF/FM Ch. 14 Uflle licntJoflf iilufn U i4fll ^ ^ v s ^ w ~~~~~~~~-Ammio HUI.U 234-3832 lfl lu 179111uh win. anluollily us. e vIuJtm. sn 233-o437 HF/SSB ffh¶ W V F28nirmnf VHF/FM Ch. 14 ENV/lOIlKP.74iANNEXA.XLS dlU4lzila8t rlHylg _l U5 1-au1 LtILttftlQtLUQQIWhIfl = AU ilULUftULQl = UO =KLnLOUtUQLPIrnU = wnu uuT Ln.tL^C1 = n ZLUQLJ4IQ1PU = -U UtQULL11tBt#QLQI2nX/tGQV/lLnrtlt-PrU? (z --- ntpsturE- (1--- nutaLOUKnuLcaL6 LnuLr..L/I.4LULLU L'b ------- - ---- ~~~(u wul^s tlh^s) (z- rtrtl (l-- Mu") L no ( rwWWWwwoL utls (c - ~~~~ (z~~~~~ M~ (z__ ---LM (I___- tuFrml nqtW tQP5b>Q^r6bL4LULU S'bl - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -------M ) rt(z~~ -F-L (1-- - KffsnrLu^ilLtUQKlLnLllfb cvb _________----------- -h s) - - at aL aa T-b-b C:unWLntLutw: tn (s n U66 rTnrLn (L ( Lf-s)1 Ln (9 nCar LnLtJS/u nOnLk (s npLn (E ---------------…Cl (z -----------Lnrl C( r.LaWFLQU kirVLr' C~~L:~~) nngu Cuzn C -- - - -- - - -- - - -- - - - -- - - -- - --_- --- (Z -----------____------ ------------------------ (T (QPUUlLn/trt.-,r/rtu55uU/rt.u55URUI) Rko au-QrULU-5WKIL,n £ c b p -4gbRULt-trLi uoH nrLnLPKLLLtta s: - …t-Guslt;ttnt C-suu:u) r (z UNttUtL 5 C US DOCO-IS3fM0E96'IO01 ANa 9 ____ ------- ---- _____ ________-_ ntl2u ?Ii2 ULt LU Mfl Qa1.RW rLwiL:L ULJL f! L4L nL1u1MuuH1,rWU^ UILtO-U uLWn^,%LY rtrtL rt ntu*luum ,Ull,t41 nLGo LLQn cAurnLtIlLL&rL tUQQttlg t, :LU gMS I '5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~~-ULO66AI4L1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - ULt (E- 'LQUnLrL (z--- ( kVt1LAunlft/L 6 nut1 (£ -=-------------~---- -----------(ftzo 6no t --- 1hLrULALL5LUtruLU Utr-W.-UrL?ULUSLU (f nUU14utuMrts nLnu ftrtL (LL - - -----(Out) I6ulloQu n!U1ULrtr5.u KL3L6QnLttISJfUL&tQftt1LWRQt bIILLUt (C--- tQ1U^U1TULUA (Z ULQLOL2rLtL (T ^LLMI& gIwlft (Z --------- ~~~~~~~-~~~- -------h M)U ne (9--- nuiawa.u nt-nmu.L (s- ^ P . nt nzus^utCnluup . nc (b- 1641;15fhLLSL5W UrIrUtLnrUtLLU (£ burtaphttULUM (Z-- ULrmkL LnrnLtL (1--- LLI65 GIQU (l--- . q: rtlAbl-R1XRalWtLKH IrLSfre tl L3tnlln nrnurt up i Rn O e rti PI[ IaN I," klI i i IN PI PI liFt,At 1. ~~~~~DOC r1S3LMb[096/31IAtaN yi,; nu^uupam%&tl (z--- G bnu^u",wltl(z-- (b 9 UQU,IMLGLLQV3LrMN) rt (I- GsLKLrnLmLtt.tL4nlnQ#ErtLLLnLt,tPKL"t-lttLL,GLUnLisayt ttmLpQsLntnIOLOQnantL 1-9 pwtuor.am nQ5MMLUORM LLKtlLIu.LULf4ltQrSLLutneLLdLLuQtdt ubUebu>Bll-PIftLtLLtnt,I.U: 9 UnQL rL == ti~ GLUGLOn,u QLLOW ----------1, R LU flLL( r1oMLu U ---------- ------------------ -tU G,lhV,Qllt- £- ____________------------------------- - a, - --- ~- -- ---- -------- -tUtU L>QKI nwwDnnKuo/tnouu (T --- ujatannaabaL-oaw t, -.nLtuo UtUQrinLtlP t ( ~~~~~ V9~~p !, A (nawlh^) nQlft-Lrn5i WILM>LAA-2) nULnn5i nLuku nAJ OUtwJ ntLQUu MULU nQL LUtI4cW ____ -----_ - _ _______ ____________ --------- -- --- ------------£ ____ ------- ---- ----------- ----------------- --- --- ---- -------(I ____~ ~~~~~~ ~--- -___ ------- ---____ ____-_______ -_ -----(h^s) 6, no I ~ I I . ULrt ttuuumtr I n %Irw Q - L: rrL^t-u^RSlutzcbssannluui(tR)s nQ&PSLuLnW)QLuLKt tl ULUtSLL1 --- U~f - - --------- 4~~~~~ DiJ In (:1J … - - -- - -- - ___I) - - -- --un---u ___3) tW lf4fl4lidOflN ___ eu ---------- ____________ _____ ________________ ___ ttjl-'nl'AV/ut -________ -________________ 6.3) __ )T __________-_ __ 2) 2)---------_ _2 -_____ _ 2)--- ___) 3) 3)1iwe 8 ENV 10 18/9603/QUYEST-8DOC 6.4 1Tlfl1U7111SvI S1S1¶Jfflh1Jfeu 'Dit117l1f?fIU17j9 --e-I)N. UlJslaufl7 ___2) ffl6 0 11f ____ -D__ -- 6.5 mffltOflUanlflt'um71T7flm4n1 6.5.1 nluIn"u4-1Un-ilflSj4fl1SM?a1U ___) IIMUAIU imiN_- -----------_________ __2) 1U'IMUA1 tmqNn--- _-__-_-_-_____________ _3) IQU1 6.5.2 'U) -- - - -- - - - - 1) 1U9 6.5.3 lfillmfl]lONlU09lUl-l8fSS-U 1 ) - - - 6.5.4 1f^1lS1UU1Ilfl1N^eUUaU ¶1)4 21) t'uIa ___2) uRe fl) ____ _________________ 6.5.5 11 1n17fl1U'Ufl n1SUWnmU!)%J¶wK7ew __I) 'lrnj __2) U fie fl) --------___ 'U) ENVI1OIS/W63/QUEST-8.DOC9 6.5.6 flUUfnlzigi n lX5l4 nllS5Si4 141Sda% 2) - - - -- - - - - 3) ____-----___________-- 4) -_____-- - - - 5) ---------- 6.5.7 Han7IJrr1fnh1Lfllf1fl17A1fi171uTh7M)17 n NlJ nnu _~~~~----------- _-- _-- ------------ eJu I (7.-IJ) 2) …- --------------- ---------------- 6.5.8 a . a Mt 10 ENV11v8/9603/QUEST4.DOC APPENDIX E QUATIONNAIRE OF HOUSEHOLD INVESTIGAIlON flSInisil45i1wa@44lufl1lDgau M*M^na~is-s------- 1.2 milum-Alum,~lulReN _ ---lil --__ ____ M _- flJ ------------ i.3 el____________s"isi Wrrun ) u: muXdnii/es3munnuiprimn 1.1 a-u2)n 41-lwil _____________________-----_____----_____-; 1. nan7:,J lullze __1 ;14,1 ___2 flW4 - --- J ) Ili sZ . ------ ----- ----- ___3) T91AS9l74Uqimnj3 ___6) d7 ,eLn-17lu (M) ------------- ___) gdslmlimaunvlusXm ___ ) mfll nlU (Sv- - -- - - - - -- - - -- - - -- - - ___) stUoln1(sy _--------- __----- 1.4 mfmv1nuliur4q9 __t) 1vtnusl?uu __2) disznu7nS ___3) WsuNflnSlfleuzu _ maAnigflaudaiaM ___s) i1WJeu,is~~Tqq* 6 'i4 ___7) 44MidIfUt103 __8) nA5441nigi (1-.1)- ____ 1.5i 1 flnnul ieutnu 1l) 2)s _ rnJ~) anal J EMV1018/W3/QUEST-8DCC DOa-R-LM61CO961810t V'NH ngL4l/u.LrL saI-lonwlsrxo nQulb/ILn M-L-%a-rRQ1bjnQtGsLutQ%Q> ln s £-Z 8 Li.T4UA.LrU LpunUJ6Lt 9 pU4UZLrU s ~UnUIWX ZZ Z kLQWLV b' pnUlULLt .rnurtbL4KnUrLVuuPLtt. £ EunUZLtttM rttzntnLpBFLQJ0lt ** z unUXLrUt £-1 QLrLQGL6 T unuULrtJU rLIhIsALQg^U.LIL:s * _ n SG~L^L.4LuLt&J z ' T (nLtLULUALKtU1) bUlDLAU _'ASWMILO UUU- KLQ notiti5onltWWUnWl0-20OLI p - w~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~p WUQrLQU:LIt nu---- nLt YQrtnUL u^LuL L nQM- tUNK&&LrtQI Z -Z z (z-z agw2hmrmutw LurQuQJat) nL -------…---- nLALu…rtkU… nu -, -------- na (9 nu --- - flLttLL (S fl nb~~~~~LQrI~ (b-- n~~~~~~ ---- LfluS~upniSvu-n (z£--- ~ PP nul n-LrLt1 (1i- nL u ----- -~~~~ nUL>Lg nLu ---------- S10L5UML*LULUUALMAntnLB Z'Z nu tm" n5uni nu --- nLmn5ip nU ~ 45UiL^tO QWtLeQ 2atP Uh~ULLLSfQI u .1 -- ----- LGLLU --- - - - ---- -- 5 ---- -----------g4----- QUL--------------i^-bW- - L FLLI44 Q Wt.Q LgCLLL LtU4 LuouznILR --------------- ----n1Le ----------------- --------- MRLuni,, Q (Z --------------- -------- F w. _ l----- -R^UMLLU--I- M RLaU %IWLQ rLgrLkU n momuItQut L.-& i LCunUM4 aljLU Itflh14n Uls4lqwlwflTdluft'E3l'fu O.AT=J lJlJVunjUllj%Jul¶u * 2 v … V 2. U8ujyaflimoliv 2.1 MIMI ( w a 1)…--------------- 2)!I_ SY" eI 'A a 3) -------- ------fYavaZ ------ 4) .. . . .. ..... . .f fint .... 5) -_---- _____-------_- 6)V V-_-----------laaaz____ 2.4 2nlfl9ul 1Im 2.3~ ~ ". 2__!) IUU7~1~17 r 6--- _2)t --nwafslsuJJa9ausou@tst-------------------- 2.5 71&1fto4flie¶aIJ1igiTu _____ u,w oau (d) 2.6 aSouluuSlaflsllfNluutSlu--------------- lln/lfu l 2.6 7,e 'Du~nThn1-J T/~JJ(J 3. i aum§il-wanslugiffm 3.1 Milu" ,inrlulavu ilm 4 I q mai u 10 iu ..) --UUU ----- ______ ------- - - _ __2) 17411OlsMB 1 5iYll ______ __ -__________________________ 3.2 AtUfNUlUUliZBWn5M4nui __1 -qqwiw'f lullyululAd ____________ E?J) 10 /UiiT-21)0C 2 ENV 0IO1S/9603/QUEST.2fl0C2 £ ~~~~Docrz-mOEmioAN mLn,rtF) nL?nftn.nLpULntuLN (s--- I rL M/uuLWULI6nMt:L tL (b--t (QRnLF ha PIM6) arnLVUEu unrtnr I t -- (nLXnhk-f 5Q1Lan) ntrthKUttLnrLIUl6 rntiwut&rt (z--- ruLnrftluttrt (l--- «tL$K;UStU 9-£ --- ------------- (hu) rt (z --)U- lXU L5L S(£ LL6RU1LLU71,nILVJb ---------------------- (h u) rt (z - ( rt-) (Z - ( ____------ (IUn) (Z ----------------- - -------------------ULI LURUltLn (£- ------------------~ ~~~~~~~ut altuwtn'Z- ULKI tOKIGK UL ( ftL1 KLlT6L7 (1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _n_ _L u__ _ _ _ _ _L__ _ _ _i__ _ _t1__ _ V__ _ -------------- -------------------t,UU UShU QlNllU U"U l££ IFL-UOL6LLULrLt 5LU5Q11QMrnrLCUt (b-C frLnQttLL1jU t1.lI 6, nhQ MtLLVULLUtnLU2Lw (i rtU 6rUL -L- NrtQL (Z ?UI,rU LUL tLU …AuLRLDLL (1 nMLLgLLVntLYLU&ri ££ E : nhLnrL Qj nn11 n5U E ni uu nLr. QUnM LML1UsttlILUtML1 17 :oQOZ-.Lsa/CW6/RIoIAta - - (l--5 ) 1, no # nQhc.aL4i4 nlrI aQrjfup # ttQI1/A5 ~~nLMLF ny # nQ16cs /q nntgMl StUitLM # UItl 5 4~~~~~~~~~ 4 uQIR nbLuQI nJLrXnlt ilhsLurtUL1aQLQLu LrtnLeJu, LtruLAnl Z-b FU&1LJ; (t bu&LtLi (£ -------- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~.HL --------- --bt (Z ----- ----- - -- EUtL; -~~------- - - - - - - (Z otai rQaGN:riZN^ ZLiyrt?ALn u9-LrtrmLuntlflLu ruLRnnULLU wlMjILg nhr?h ntntQA LLL'etLU21 tLU =1ntU-IULULMMI) nTLUtQLnAtttnLGLU1bL4UL^LK1ha T-b1 L LnLTOhPI -, .___--------- - ----------- (T (rLttQ z) UnUwOlIniltDtQ ti6tLtU UttLU O1- (nokMtL4 rLl~lrhULtLUL4U4 5UlrL) uiniaULlb.-M (£ (rtQtkr PULKtLLUUUSUj 1)MFE5n) ULtLUrUIAZU (T - uQngLUlluuUtUUXttLU_55WQBQbUbttU 6 £ (OuLftLrtnnu) ,unktLrtnLutw-mrtL tMMU-RGLUL1I62 (Z (6QQWVjKUnl6 ULL tOlnUS ttntlnf) UL1UCI62M (T -------- nnGuMLUMht) FLL LAUWL1 L nOU nttLuunKUnQ1tLttt-.^scLunutstu RW£ --------------------~~~- ----~~- ~~~~ Mu(t Mu) 6 nL (g--- ,UQ 1nlUtlt^= ILUtnt'LrthILLUrIi LuntLU (Z ,u%I1LULnLULUULu^;auLG-gllrnt6nLrniiut,Lu^scLunuLLU (I (…------------ nn…LU)2ft) (QUtLQ) L4njt6 lTLGLt LLnrtunturniLu^;rtLrL L-£ n L,,rtLLUQ rnrn n_uu* nQSrtL LCnL C CnQUL SLtL*LLUCU 4.s3 lal fs45wlullwaQ3utvlawsau In IIlialk" wl U-vl" niv)Rl lvi-ma'A Unl w 9lifS I eif1111Jfl7¶ 4 U1J S1v 1 1¶1Je14 5 4.3 ilUUIfUl1NO1¶81l1flNiJU1IJUflhJThfW9UnUlW1lUfNe 4W111HlUU 4.4 ?w11utUeguLLf-)1uvI411e1O 4.4.1 n1u1 n1wflThLueu'u9aniu nsJ1U (l¶U Thfl1wnINl44 WfiW omlsSn-o anmmurmau mimisSfl vlsiilfdln ni frurmUtrijaftlsflauwT 2) wIalo IWVl I) ___________________________ 2) -------------------------------------------- 3 ) - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- - -- 7 3).3) .l 4 )4.2 3)______________________________________________________ 4.4.3 fUfnlnWIZwUO,U8MBUiUIi4illUllaIU5 3__I).uYau ___r) ).lUn. 4 ___3) Ulfl ENV tNl51iaUUIIiamkiUSSn 0fl --------_________________ ENX lols/w/QUET-2.DO lflsnislairlwiqQuells9suo.nUV`i II UUrfaun Ii l^;lSlta u: 5. -usi 9ssnenusoii (SI.1 1 tui ISi natt4eaii4YWM4lslsBfs4NalXsmlSJas l nil t1UWflhJ 1 ¶JWfl7J Ifl ut'------ 5. 1Uf1qIrn4fltflnuA) fi (nWsIi1Vlu/hfitsw) _ _____ __________________ f1111U/lflTh!fl¶i~~1 ___ 2) ……f-l ---------- __3) Uop lfw l tiflh _ i -t- - - - - --I- - - - … -__ __ __ __ _ _ __ ___ ___idlniX~llltul _________… _ _…_ ___ -------------------- i1t1Jfl1~31~IJ1fi7U…------------ ___ 'u (7:1) ------_ _ 4) UMANI-JOS __naiu _______--_-____-____-_________ .~~~D 9_ eu 14b) ---- - ______ - ---------_ _______ 5) Uqiq -unlnm ---- __ ---------____ __ __6) UtpinivivuimlS ---------------____________ __7) dU q (S_N) - _-__-__---__--___-_____ ENV 10 I8/9603/QUEST-2DOC lflea 41s44>i1UwaluJiOuF i3.fl7S1J iiOIJ!111'uN ¶ulss 7 5.2 Afll]LLfl if OIUlU41U 1) UIAJIJ I~~ 2 )1¶ _____________ I)___________ I)_____________________ -2) A1) 1)11 2)____________________ 2) ------------------- 2)____________________ 3)____________________ 3)…___________________-3) ------------------- 3 . 5.3 iilUnU5u9i1-lWlInuiU7lSfl^lUUl4fIuUfl7J'ie T571415410wf1&b41UrUWn1 __04 OliHl. 4luLU11tOlu"10% A 2) IflU llf ____________ I-U1J __ D. -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - -S.4 lJ m 7ltjl9) rn 2---- ----2f--fl------ 2)… 4ilJl1i) 3)…-- - - - - - - - - 3) - - - - - - - Nn nI~ fl2J n I)… |Nla 2) 2) ----------------- 3) ______…3).__________ fl. 1)___________________- )-…… … 1)__ ________ .The~IL~w 2) ------2 - -) ------------ w4 3)________…__ …_ ____ 3) … --_______ 2) -_ 2)______________ 3) ----- ---- 3) ~~3) 3…---- - - - ---- 7 ENVIOI S109O3IQUEST-2.DOC 5.2 niulTjy1JlusuTWiXfl lst3flsQnJ 1nsW1Ravi9j4nu.l4 Sl I a * * a| a t ,at t 5.2 In. lulffilSSf-l4 -I - - - -I)_________________- (ITIU oiflw 7t lXl nl" 2)_________ 2) ____~~~~ 4lUlil) -----------__ -____- 3)_________________- j. llWf-rll 1)__________ 1)_________ 2)___________________- 2) - -- -___________ fl.lUtinZm ~ 3 -lU9) -------_______ 3) ----------____ iADfl8N4ill-f5wS 2)__________ 2)_________________- WU ~~~~3)___ -___ ------- 3)_________________- 4.f 1IUflIIn98 1)________________ 1)_________________ 2) ------ 2) ____e___ .~Uh 3)_______ ___ 3) __________ 2) … …… 2)______ __________ 3)a3 - - - -) ----------------- Q. *vu~JnhJ,4,2) ----------------- 2) ………--- - - -- -- 2) - - - - - - - 3)____ _____________ 3)____- - .______ .3 ,IUJUf1 _)1 -3)---- --- 3).- - -Ustllouatel 5.314 fl ZnU Msal _1) ml sin -----____ _ _____________ 2__O) 3 lAMST ENVIOI8W3/QU3ST-2MOC8 9 ^ i 9 d @ ^ i 1' s.s fl1fl11l4fliazU ¶i.fuvl7El1J U 1J¶ U 910l ENV 1O18/9603/QUEST-2.DOC APPENDIX G EGAT SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARD tnMu t,uutut,ut,ipTftt muantnu MLuMtLInnu9enL^w ecgZ li"tt th LUi-U1I tuKgr.LU .UIKtIttLy yuIyL kbULpU IUll[ttnOLUI4 iUUtuLtr pLUIMOnURLPULS tLWftWW oz Ln- u tQLS jDD1onu1 tuQine nU uLLn ULUI4 lWt~UIWLttUIIL~LflLUA I1~ZtDLUtr1LULfl j~LUWLiU' t13$GtfbS LIL S1FtLflQnUUltfIUfMM uLUu4 Iuto1pullmurnipi,y.-nVIK* In.-nLuunLULn p-tu~Ltot t coweafxufiamtu ntnm,uYurntLYUpr.O A*tuj r ~~~a * - .a"tm lt&nl%,UItOILUtUtMULLUttL uiL4hI,)jUII L, OOZ'L mt.9pItftw:Rlnl Fl-L LtLtGittMtIAmUL?n * ^ r . P 1-.0 r r V ~~~~r nwtuttultM tHgLt ^u. 1 a tUnUttItJUQUIlL".l^.2% pIblOLItLtetLu ulnot a' J:" mLft2IIyLUo | p t LIMLtl Ofii MLrt. 00 LttP VVt,3 -_U tMI UptUUthiUlmiLnuLttal | 1'0tIn8 LLttOLrttULrCIUI.u^ ultIUt4luttnylI tpu LLUtUI ontananttultPH IoutMIt _i' LUllitt-1440M,L IMGItUtUULI1IL MUt tLF L UUtt nlrntYL Il L AlMtAtVuIlo J- U- Uwt6WUstf uwzaanj(ItnllxlutnwrIltrufyt purtuntwnuequtstjerw2putntLl^u Ml41un,I:UIf ..- LWIIILIILOI4 LMUI~p '~ wt5mrt~4 Uj2tI4PO1 UlIt rnL12t201 LUHMLOLPtf Wk1bMUllyUL&LPIAj tI6h02rLUiMMGtIfwLjtj.1s M4IP ? IA0tLU1Uj}j SvSZ U U pytyME"FtU[ z rUtAJ QpUUMOtULUU1trIBLU' yj"VlJLnantrttUtctU&tLUb-.Ull hM10 t4'< a a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1UItrLUr!12a 4Lflh2~UuteLtnl3I&4MUM flQm LPFLUIMULIzVuoLLUIALLutnattowntaUQUiwItflnI tsuii t,~uuytu.rin^trlututtmzlriijt, upini 1;nor ptInuwnLIuR~~u «su,ytiLLerrltueu IIUUQtJIILtLll OU ~ ~ bU Zn lillFt;nsUttHlutlusntnttIIunrltZnJ llUht12U~U.lt 1 tpUt,u tt ?ttltplPllt 0IU h IitLU"UURtAI.LItUt IUiU1WOWI LItU ALhLt't'UMN nUotRtI t u- 'uetu LIUtLUlttltIU!XtILwtlu2;mauu f^LtunXztt9kUL tUU1IlALttL1uItLrnQ,ItuL Lt12^ILLtnuQ t>yhnmfln LLUtNY"tLLU-2II fijLtia hp ULUM.w11!41 r ^ntttltuumGiitltt fUltjULILtJLttN :z £Lu rupt putun LnLnutJL.-IIULS1tQ tI rrLujt!nrttiItnLyulll,lItjtlftu z ^unnutoJypoftanl.-piiujQULo1U1us.-CUU9Lun nlLVw £LUrUlI U1t t -s .Utf tLtUltLu ILIL ltiLtLa 1.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. mltbll, ntU^ItEiUI,lltUtUltRtUttl r rr 't ht2flLIAtU,^t&SlOtItU1fl9UftGt fltttU &l6LLu~Lu1 ML~Z1nOfrL9VW~III1 ~- EI~tLULhhLQ Lup fll ttyl tt13ILthUOII lltII2UU1UHttlJ IitLUIl% llUtJI UIIitlLLU Lt ntttu urtiLIM'll-11,,zllul ttulltx^ltllt 1 UPt-II9-SLO: StUSU tturtUiq~tU[i MLI U YU SlUIi IhwLttUtpGLLUtStu llItLttD ,uitthj!I^~ULtt tLstFtlL £496-I I9-£Lo 1&UMIIL[ uhnLnjLjUuLLW LK n Lnlltuol ouIw. :!UU(OLUtLJI S-486^1191St0:,kimcul UjiltSSUPRLUkLUtI MARS^iIrULtt4UNSI.. (Ut ibt4tp tUgIt fl1&1MULtL1IW0I~L~ALU UL RLU 1 11fAjJAUIUI^ttitiUH(lLVLOtlLU rU-UI1 t'LjiluQLLU LWLLWL4ULLL1.4.U W0lQIUDLLIlfLIlUOO ItOtv II p2LUIt9AltLtUtULUtLItAL1UtLU gtLLU IUI IttIWUIlt ItUUILOWh litlrtILttitllSLLU JltJ6lIII ^111 HFtU UL11,Oll IRMYLULIRIt{k11 S LLUl~lnOYWLft8IUtIt,UW11UeUUU LUglUt , l~IIttUItl t"UIIltllL LLU LJLIRLLII. 91.LORhI LY11,)CLUS1. R )I MILAUIUIAILLIl IAUIPQUI LUMLn LV6IA.SW;ULLUfEtUIIUtlj1UlPleS[t StQU ELLUt4R UttkpIt yjLt. ttLVUIplll tUlliUrUUSl r 6 hRU&l.UHULLUUM16. LLUItLULHQl6LUnknILLWUhUflI.2L(LLU U1.l%DLU1 UIy U ssroUrtt umLunJstul0L:UM tutputnih nllyLtsu-AtOi i LLUIIpLrtnpLGM flOA1tuM9u u Lxt,ni- LIlutuw gUsItUt1[LLl li LI IlLytLUt'lt LLUtMLULIUIliLfLLUlSt 1LUItI4,lItUL U-.UL1 l% nl in Iu 1IL ut LtUI WI LU It u LU t I 1 n n u - Z MUU MIIUCLLU GU P.-SUItlittLUtlU&LLtLLtLILLUtLUL LLUIlMULttIA lUuI t LJIII IILL ,U Iittl(ltL tWUL^Ultl &LuuLumtbnh,ufqnlvj .1M i U0utunWntLL4n0u00Ull 1Lp It 1401 ut.Xt ubttti;ttii t i flLOW~1lL11LL2L&hi~IL nutuoaLlnou,i1I ..L... RL I' 111 - . ch b 3b C.~ .3: 0 - ) WE~ 3t -21 -e- r A .- . S J D = P- = D- EC 3 1 C 3 D) Cc et = ) n - 2 - 3 Cc 3 V c C) -.SA C) S A - 0 3:5 5 C= t C) .J 3 Sb trj 3- go) cf rw ~ 2w) mlc 2!: = C. CC f t 3¢ t- S C 2) s c.A - ) ) J cX U 3 s.- 3 gC c * c 3 . 2 -s. Ca~~~~~~~~~~~i f-n _j = r e = Z 2 c=r 2tzct t t C! S e. e- CC IP "i nr s C) -d '41 e-i n c =t= et A~~2. e. - C - . --A t A r M- C r2) E r C C)' F- e t C - a C S It 3 - = .A 2h.2 d C - 0 = -t Ile ) Db 21- CC _ Sa C 2C tt c ..: C 33 t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~= j, J3 D :) C) -M 1 L0 C--):5A.7 te r, D9 - i 2 i C-C. C)t 3) S.. 2.1 A ' J 3 -C.k C I 3 Me , : D - _ ,4 L -Lai t r r C) .A :3 C r X r 2± 3 c3 X cEDe 3 r~ >t 5-t ) 2)12: _r C) 2 5 C C)D:C 9rttl. 3 . C J A)C h- .-A L C-) -2: S 3C 2:) S):.0 2.C C = Cj L:t A) LM i Ac : c' C- cL) ..4 .c .3 w 2± S. .4 s : r ) tJ J .3 3 C =E 3- -j cc~ .05 : L 23t .40e =2 - V :t~ :. 0 3 CC ) J 3 @e w* DcC Ct Sc 3 3.4 Z t Mt et = 2 C 2r- Jc C= C 2: C = - S3 DI or t '. C) . 2.11 - C - X _3 3 2) _ A) :- CD 't - r = 3 J. r- C! a :n = C) tC 3 D C D e C) M I r 2) :DC 3 S C) 3 3 C C M Me C C C. JC) J _5 s) c) r) L" a.,3 ) cc s) := ) C D -It E Ct - = 2: J 3 D - - 2) C 4 S! 3 cm - J J SC CC 2 2± 3 9: -2 *- 2) J A J *2:- 3 C } W _ 21 M = 3 C2 = cc A o A E A4 S 1 3 2.) 2k:4bC.b.Ah CC 2) -21 cc:" e. CC) -) = r- C) .J 4 --) '3 C) CA2 J Cc A0 0 S.0 et - = C _5 e co 3 = 5j = r-. C3 2C .. 5. 3 2.) -4 5 C= l CC ) .-*2 C 2: C) Z±32.1 cite_- r_ A ~ -3J 4 Wit3 . C) , C il.. C _3 3 S .3 U~~~~~~~~~~~ 2.) 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .3 ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ -iC Ij S 0 C) 3)- C C) ±C-! te A4 C St C. ).- 9.1 ~~~~~~~~~~~ C. ~~~~~~~~C) C) I . r C. . 3 21 cc -A Ch -4 Wo S~~~~~~~: . J C) 2) 1) 0 CC .A V- Cgi .*C .tL..c.c) Sc re CC =-C) 2J 3M 2 13= SC) .44 et.'. 3 Z. ~C ) C 2kA 2 0 2± et A:3)3 C) ) SD -22 R.~ C r-2 £.. .. .-i) '. 2) = C M&3 m 2 At -. 3 b v3 -21 2). CC 3 3~~~~C C!c a 3 &J.) D 2C !2) 3 et A ±-~.C C .3 C! C :.i3 )-- CC)3 j C)J£ CC S- S2 C A = siStA a-At 2: 3 ~~~~~~~C! S 2) ~C 2)b..3 = S 3 ~~~~~~ 03~~~C C) Z: C= 2:ttdc C 3 2)e 2:g C) '-~~~~~~C le_ =C V: ee 3= 2± 1 .4 -4 .01 .4 53) A - i 2±g-4 - 2 t. _C .4. J- C 31 2) ) .03 C A) l j0 C .aC 1c2 S C 153~~~~~~~~~A Ct .-' '. ID EJ C C ±3- .4 A :4 r-S e :'. =1C) ..A 2) C 2 C-, Ct-iCt r-~9 ECC r _J x.C ,e))c beC .0 21 C.I SC a)~ 15M '-3 .0 3~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- 3 4 r C) -A J 2: - et 33 - t CC S O 2)9' A _.S e C! 3i Cl 3.. .-4 S 2±b a Mt SV ..4 3 2: CC) 2) .3) C'-3 3~~~~~~~~~~~~- ..A=S , -* 32) S it e- A. A4 . 0 . C! .J s 2: ~ cc 2: : 2: 2: 2 D) , D D D 9 _J -_. Alk. -b. -Ab. Ab. Ab- Ab- -4- A(A -AL. AL J J - -4b - -A- A b- Ah. A- -A b- -Ak- A- -b - Ab W4- D) C) CO C) e) CJ C C) C)U . C) U * D D) .)D C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C). -- U) C1 * A. .4 _ e. G &^ C. ,_ e_ Z r r- r- r- - .4 . & .4 G .4 G .4 & e_ : S. MS- Ot C.- '- k. £. £.6- S. C . '. :Z J 2: - 3 2:- :. A. . St. . AS. =&- :a. sa. t. Ab- A- - 5) C C= C. .).J . = tNa - DJ Li .. b A tO I- 01 Nh ,- a) 0 (0 -- 0) 01 P. CA N t i3 - 21 .P E N i- - C = C . * .. .. .. .. .. t.. - 5 D - ..)D t. A C - -.C) C 2: ,2~.- -At = 20- 2 Wbe We Ot 2- A., ) Ct = C1= .J ) 0t I t C:. ) D . :A,_ 21 -1 j - =: _: - - . C ) C) *J s e j Aj C c -A -A- _ e . 2.1k e. C A A S ) 5 _ = 2: El .A : :- ' .j .A St 3*J- 1 C)IC- -t C C: 21 rC - - 5) E 21 J .A .J .J 21 = J _ Me ' C - *J '- ) s- l - Dt 2:t- 5: Jc 2 9 L- CC it 2: C 2: J 5 Ct Cr :s r C) U I- 5. J J C) j) U J J J ) J J C) :S. J - D) D :Sc .2 1) lIt -J r:t. 2 2: =). 0 r_ s 2 : : A J . r : -A : . C r- *J . C 2S C2 J : f -J .J ASk. < J ..-D.-J J U .> -. _At 2. J) C C - t r ..A1-'3c5 2 : C J e - C c .. - Vr 212: r J) 2 1 u 1 2 u vr Ar *J 2 -C A. At~ C cS -' 53- 2: g A. *J -':2 .A .. J}J -C I uC) C)2: .) -2: J C We 2: s C . C 2 r: c :s 5. o; -: = u 1 21 C. 21.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~42 ,c ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 2 .J 7! _ DJ -D r2 S: C2 1) r-C 2: -.1 -A C: 2 2:1 Dc 5 - - 1 .. O 2 2.1. 2) 0 =- C C St 21 .2 e). =D .3 2: -2 S~~ J ~ ~ ~ 5 r: 5)u 5) 2) C~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2 r_ =. D S: Ci cA 01 c p .P .P CA 6 . to t, .O N to N N N 1 N N N N N .- 5 b 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I S 1-. CO a. tN _- 0w P tN i- l-~ 1-' *P CO C N NO NZ - I- I- I- .v I- (0 tCO N J Ca En NO a tCO COO 0- 0 P I-_ Z4 32 Ci c) C) ct) C) C) C) -- Ci a. ) ) Ci Ci CJ CJ C° e. :. - S S _ S. -. S . 4 . :S. S. S- 4 -3 :g. t =I S. -S. , , B' &.. i ' .. =5k - i , n . :sa- C X :1 - - z VSt : z . N j C.) C.)m N w C.) t it- &. C.) N, -. * 3 3 * 55 § C) C3 cc4evc: 4 4 t :D~~~s D- _9 A O 4A A .4 -4t A jj-.f - -:4-ft 0 336 -4 4j 3 -) 2 :) = - = 2) CC 4 - e -2 4 2) I:~ 2 C) : -4'C) C) 2 4 = c 2.Ci: - Ci 3 ta2 = .. e_ 49 ~t. 2 : C) =te V ..f 2) -A C ..i .J 3_-i ~ 2 _S e ,) C . 2) p et ° f p . | ...a _ 0 .4 4tt*C 4- .4~~~~~~~~~~ 2)M Ct-- ~~ Ci 21b .3 .~~~~~~J -ft C -t v .Ab- ~~~~ 31 '. 2)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r2 4 2) 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~) cc .A~~~~~. fit 4 0 00 0~C C) co co to co --I -1 -4 a) cr c) a) 2). 0 LnA t3CO N 1 szu l1 4 A I A tU tiR'S U I t&JiuUnl'1u9ili 2-9 2 I-IU L -4MAarIM,a,luaa I 2-10 3 MlJ Inauur 2-13 4 A 1U tL81tIU fl1)1 2-27 5 UJ'3nR?aMJlutuIbUUVaqN-1-5 DpfawaMLI"U-1; 2-28 6 sfl u 1flfl1s1)Ri Dfliu 2-32 7 RXII t ?vi)Jla'UaiWY1i4anflu?rnW"-w)u 2-33 8 Radiofrequency/Microwave Threshold Limit Values 2-36 9 Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure TLV and Spectral Weighting Function 2-37 10 Permissible Ultraviolet Exposures 2-40 11 TLVa for Direct Ocular Exposures (Intrabeam Viewing) form a Laser Beamz 2-41 12 Bi1llltz I1I~!Ju 4-8 13 SUlJlflIWflJTN 4-9 14 U8i0JII'H tfllU1Ilh1wIrnU5PfluUWflV 4-9 15 vuiunl'n1Unu'4siu'fumu 4-15 16 DUuim tnuumu Intivin 4-16 17 u n lVtin-ifnUi0nfirt IUR 5-8 18 S utniIn1flO 4Jqa?U 5-14 19 I., U. unqiailJnuPNu1IUlV4V1f,:URiiU 7-3 20 uttinaJgNl v D'ifriMq1On8tJfui 7-5 21 3 U')WJiR StU:il9 Uf1UUi'URUO1W)¶@ 10-2 6 APPENDIX H LEAFLET OF KRABI THERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT flurLIIfRIBnK UrLt usLLLDnIuuQnnQ .. ., ........ O~~~~~9£S tUL ItBLSUr1LrU L)nt; rTL L fl'nLunKLLUfLn .4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S' #"L baSaiLtLn, flfnltLflUt O tLuIIL ftr o * 1W Lt~lLU'1l1L~ ,fUij4nt- tL.It1M fLuuLaMMlitti-rtildllLLALLUS.LULLALO~LA4~11WGIf nuct6 LlLWLrtnpl gntt itithOln(LL41ULf UtilflrUtvtLR7utlt40IIt((( ..yun .a ., 4 a 4.r NLUeUNKU tlL,, ltLIJ ltLIQbLU )2^JllnUL6QJfiLLUeiLE,lWLR t,etl, hUN t, n 2.ftbt'1IWUNLeLM dLLLULLULCM I'tJ14 brirtLfleoI4LL uflDnGsLQftr fLLuQkunLK>LLLn be; 1s. L£S2/o6 u u I~~~~~~~~~L1~ ' ak ' lL&Lt11.LUtL .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~J 2- WD r\g W 0 a -'- C) CD e e ee ~~ee C) -3 APPENDIX I LIST OF LOCAL LEADER GROUP IN PUBLIC RELATION WORK 3WVN/50196/8101AN3 nLLritgLsLUtLLU numQ1 Pat4f)n (6 MLnta4LLUrLLU MhLU OLSUMnLh (s nLftnhRLLUrtLU QlItL IftIUArtULn (L ,I . nLrfU4LLU LU ssLLJt rtttLtULtn (9 ftLrLrLLUr55LU nIQtLU RU 3LfWtL (n nIllUhIALLUFU Ia1wLSi pAnLUmLtn (t WI' . - nLrLfbit 'otg.N sitrjur. OMAKLtLT (C nTnAu nAnILJ2jui nws arLnOLn (Z (nU *T) LLUtLnDILnA (U) I3lUjw Z wtF~uh nLPl.LUttLnLa Z WLALUnQVttjL,U[UtLL%LQ wQfIMM"LARW I6rnM~L4 (Z LL^L;tteng .LR^U4lpLUfLLU hQQuI1^n I.ZmuInLh (z1 WLV;tUnQ<L swhangil MUMn (I LUtLLunrLirtun rt (L ) nLrniiu;Lurt55u naQ,tull PKIMIRn (oi nL[LR&LurtmU5 L4ulltL QLj6rtaQn (6 ntl,Lr%MLUr55U LtU115a OKUU5Rn (8 lLRlftLLULU E5UU -gQ Ii utin (L nLrLrtULLUIrtLU n,?CUlR fLUfaLftn (b nLrLRRtLUstM nLsstLyJ ttt%QLn (£ nLrnHLurnctr rannn QLAODOLn 41 (h tt) uIU~v nltL4W hi(rum MM n 2zuW, FL16rL1t sULMOLnn (Z LUrtunItUtI (u) . .'s~ ~ ~~. MU0 ZT) nu04 UIR WtLU^Ln T-T noebQUn*KAtOreMKntJ T aWVN/90196/8101ANg nLririXtpOsM6m>>suzmtfrtt;t tgP-n)n (oi nt,SLhuLp^5$t M i;>5i tOlAnN OLMHUMtan (6 nTnruJ L^UlMtr>sUt; ntUSMQ tQ^RLn ( ntnturtpsnrs n"ttu nIatQWntt (L 9 punlntanau"U' i6pa GsaLnLn (9) s wununtnhufbRLfdtI6 w;uon5xQ,fn( b rUnUNtljlNU@MUQ ~~~nGtfsQX tQJLDLn (17 eLUVUturzLDtn i() nniEusLL;rzssu~~~~P nuort^ntn 1 naRrCusLuUssu nan~n utainLRf)Ln (6 uminuturAR 'WLUnFiURACKU;s atuirt nU;LuOLn (8 nLFL' RtLurtsu MnPsMUL rtJnf-JutLn (9I nLrnRusLurtssu W;U~LA5 suLatnLn (b1 nLrnhKtur,u.tu r^nitru sutnULn (6 nLnLrH&Uft ttnulWL GAL^OLn n;slinoLRfHLsrMWot rtaLtw-L1 SUU.f n (L nL^onnLFLtRurnt&tu w Sntatl1 LiUrtgLn (9 LL.mI ifEMs tMh P-J; bfiLnn (l nLFLRRtLurt.uutLutnuaLXnA (v ) A . VA Is nL^nhsLu (nu m nU- tuln #nt trL. Otln 3W4VN/90196/8IOIANg nLrtfhtLULtu5U UtU rttHLUiaLn (6 nLrnuRLLurLsu unrtsuiuA n2)Lt (8 nt,Lr,LnLLuratu ubmtm rcuIwtn (L P,RLttLMf^sQUKll / nnL.LUQr.4 Iu nLWnULn (9 nenLUyt6Niwn p rl,r nLflLn (s nhnLLt GflLU I6 WLKQOLIn (b . a 06 aw a nenLynQ,9.h ULanu ttUI&OLn ( nXnLynG,F.i utunU nrtRO-lln)Ln (z ntLnf6tQPUPnLwnnLU IALunp tnsngnLn (I LtwLtnalLn& (u) (nU zz) ntnptocuLt6 f U,KU ULNUMPUn1t S-T ntnLUWl6Q ruuLtih flLit4Ln (9 nUtb4l lwo narLV AIUtn (s JrLMiLrtn (b uruLi nynLn (4 &tU^iWL4Q rtQf.annn rtnIlroLn (z n Lrt~itL'N t 1a ubmutU tULtl>tn Q tLfl~~~14Q ULLWrtoun'Lhx (I nLULLU'LL&l m n fLLn (ne) nLrUFLft&LUrt?LU tUAW LI1LMLh (Ti nLnhktLLUrtLLU M sRLU MRu bIQLnt (81 Is1, A a MLLUriufLLurutu GaNLL LAL.- 111 (6 mttriLuLLurtLLu muLUU LinuLn (8 nLIrtiALLUItLLU fbtwlat npOLnn (L t. nhLfLrtn LUrCtLU rttll4ts11 fwnLrtn (9 IS, . a nLrtrtiLUrtLLU UJ2JLf4Lt ruWfLrLn (t' 41, 41' '41 -I01 nU n LLUtL;LILtnA (u) (n1 LT) nhnUtQf UU 7, zIt1 UKU jf u 4tLrt rT 3NVN/50196/StOIAN3 17 £ LUUn hLFWIhQ i2unrt (£ z ummnL Pu aU@u U U(nLn (z Jsln4UnLft'rIt Q IAuLunAOL (l UL11flL~~~j~JWuuQ l,k t 2 eh (i ) aNLIrC4LUrtLU ILtrCLLL IAUMGQLH t (11 IhLrLf-4LUrt&&U tLnLGLI ftLttPnLTn (01 niLRftPBLUt&ul OlLrgu2 L JuY n (6 RNAtiLLUrtCLU LtnnMLL ILrtuHLn (8 nhALn&tLurtsu LaLmth nVILtnh (L rtLRts LrLUIL,L lJPL,( nLrLhRlLUfrtl.U npuI.tnL4 UW.nU (9 Mm' * U4rtss MOM tOuQIn)n (S nrAniusLurtssl nLusth rtPulL,2nn (b, 4 .P nmnX QUO nnaLS6 nIL tLO-OLfn (£ nELnAXuWnG,^,L; nonL%Us nPhLrtLLn (z nLrLila OLUMAL LRUiLfh (l LLUt'LLLtfILnh (u) (tIU 9T) ttLnP*tQUQOWL 9 LfK UOIRLtKt4QtlUntL 9-T MtaNLA.-t^5FCUCHO.-l tPI KWLUnn (8 4%. I* g nLnihRLb.LtEjLLG nLsluLWLt i-unLtt (L S vuUntittLrduu> aLn arA waIRM nIfLn (9 7 LuntnLrOb" 'tMnNuAtd UP n&ttLrtLn (9 £ vununLnfNut1 4t4t" i eLSL ln (b' i KnUnLnun' atA^HimgQJ6h nPIQulLn (£, is4, -m .4 - ( is ' IAs flI ML511 mwoL t6nn 1utang OLn (z ILts QLUAfKLNh (1) NtRsnuJmnnc Ugt5Q 4mat (Zl &I . '. - s^ ftQG QUG MUuntURiLfQI4 LIrnsLIQut. IrtnLtt (ZI 115uU>QbUnU;Q 55 1U&us L RttLn (QI UIK MRMOO MtJLOI1-rt 1sLUIOLr. (01 rx^stUr,L(6tGQWnLI,ULttC r rLLUI.-MUGh J61 OU;t (6 rLZLLunLLt XsnuLLUbW lLInUr4 rnuhL4mr, ALtUM (8 mu"mz!brtatWnUUnLVEnHCR niga J2nUntL (L nnuiu 4c"tnimm-OrL k,ntu.nutial WLUMLJStlt (9 w ait I~~~~~~MAC (iiULt4 RZsu&?ucLUrt4sjM alourOLrn (Z ,nsAtH>MMUl t vnnLotlnm ritnLQn (I IAtKMUntXLFb¢n50bnn ( 9 nll-P-IQrLonk-LL41IAt^tb5UnI Lunt ntRltM LKLIMAUn (L l4rMtUnJntR ULIUJ-hl notorUt U k6tRMLUS6LLLt;t-Q& L4rttLLt4tIO OtnR,U2L (z *. a IS a ? nHllQllnkainou MsL 4iLIn^RUl IAlWLutjflfO feLflLQInL (L 9 ~~NI7WrnLROJyU~ZLLWLLLLrU41M Lt4flUl LM.LLIJIULn ( L4LbanL>U^nkI'UnItnLj#LF .u4 ULUSLMU O LUtnuhu (9 ab 1 a g4 ra aLnWtu ntqL1hAjsAnn (s A tC5UttHO ntze nGn Qnk (£ ngop-w ih6SrU3w S nW RUnLLLLLU RUW Lnu (Cz a~ ~ a . 4 MIAUGONA'16 rbHIr tI4MflMLLULnWM £MMCU9 IAKWbtLn (zz L rt Pei U i - 4 LnnM^LuW 1inRQLnoRMtLUL1ItM mSS wUnuwn (tz rGttLU' o1ortagw6matJLULrtnIu M&LJCLU. QuR40M (Iz 'Wt ~§IUVI- VIRGIIARUMLWLtOK r twUliuLrL,t (~ROQU (OZ .U Isa 3WVN/50196/8101AN3 A ' o o-uh6nLKQt4LrtLQnQtTLjsl H (L n UtLUUOtRUJMPLAOULQH fltpPk fhkeflLn (9 [LSUULUAtL-UIUd ULgUQNH 1 tn%bQLnt (g nXsu nngttliamnimlOgLUGn H s-lu; uULIAfnLn (£ rL.-&U'Q n LjjUULRUOtUU^ nH Urujrnunun (C eLRUMrMlU[LLUQt.u LLjA ISUMU?sU( Ltt (Z 16CiRLLUILRUJ ntt&-.LRL LUMTLn (I RLzu&LA LunG tw4tH &brniLn (I W~hA.LLuMMUtrnLt'fl rao^LsunQeLunu fULMKALMLRUL6M LnftQI LULUnLh (g tW.LU11hLC>'C'ln W*IU(M M?ULQtLn (17 4itc armt.unuJn{ touna tAb aLn (£ m UwasmL nLnnu.OU (z A^tULUUtA ^6R 5UtW1'lLJ6UI^ zRUtnt,o5 ,n)ftInQn (I FL-L U 6fnMRt~LtLULUULAALHu4c4 ttLrLtrrl t11.&OL? (9 rLL-SULP.LM 9 LRUft,tfA.Ll Ltulrul iL1tffiGLn (tb LL4tU LUUI)ULQOtLWLtnLtUl4LLLLUsL1ThL2.flLcn1 UzL~~ntna ^ntnLn (z MAnnttlftPLtSUMU (LU n^sae a oMnL.LnS1,ttglnQLuLntLWLtu;nh4 nnLog tnL6LJn (oz rttuILorf raLf2ntLKLU .U~L1QUwlC unUUnLJALnRrnLI thfrlt,Uii PnLrtLtn (61 L[nQaU2LU1IrtA n-MQLrnMRC onet1O Urtf)Ln (81 ~,~murqriSs L LruGr-i niiBunnLitUJJ Wart)NM (LI L rltrnLrL1 ntnuLnuL t1n unU1OMnn )4MuWuLhn 091 LCL%n bLKt6Lff6tRLQR-n MLUBMAJRU n ht(MLn (S1 2 Z:~~~~~~~~~~~e tt cc e e - d - e 5 e * = -5 ek e I f e 5) = 2 CS =D - CDC Mk : Mv -3:1 F: J S > q OD (S < C d) X * 4 -itA s4 CZ L-A.. e e- 9 C C e Dt -XD. eX -t _ t e eD ce 9 CK 5 ff 2 CD~ ~ ~ ~~~~~a -4 aa d-. : 1 1 4tq _ D. C. te < 9 te. :g 0 ,4 ,¢ 0z Ow Ica D.9 e' mt4 °! co ea - t- C~~~~~~~~ U 3NVN/5901WSIOIAN3 6 'trLQ LUWULTU LnnaLn ILMIURL[nLh (SZ 'rnr LuPuIM uOVtMrU GULrU1nn (Lz L6FLQ LUMALMF2 &utIll GIML11.n (9Z A unsL1 LuU)2JLrt.9 nourEar,anKfnLn (SZ 1uFQ uLLJWTLrtW FLQLheQ uuan1 (bZ 4rtgQ L)uUnLrtU Lnutit a OLnh (tz 1A g LLtUJ6Lrt) namt surtLGnEn (Czz 'WrtQ L U) LrUA Lntrut jMstLn (Iz 'rl,Q LW3uLLrUS tRUU1QLt rtonLf.n (oz 'lrua LuwUsLrtU QtdLr%Lhn (61 1WFLQ Lw;UaISrw IunnLnnQ L*LLgn (81 1FLQ LUlJ2ULLUJ nnntLL 6LLrtULQFnOLn (Ll -bIlQt LURUALMI 5WO&%f MIPLn (9i '6rLQ LWGUJ W :tU LUIrtV4ll pRI nUB 2Lfn (S1 illQ LLtUgUJP UQ o^MoOL OLn (bl thRQ LtWULLurtg rutsj4 %fti'r1n (zi 1UrtLLeLSrpUUlI lU6 IlLrt2fuLn (Ii LtLILrLLUrtt.CULLUh.LO.W nallnLL SLRsAIUn1 (01 &LLFLLUfrtLu IALKnW gIgLAI.Lln (6 &LLtunLUrtt9U Maunam KMGLP)Lnl (8 LLur_nLurttLu nnjaL6 IhirtoRunn (L tU5SUM 5Urt .&L UL L; R5ULOLn (9 LU14LRLLUrtLLU t3LL4 LRLUj6fQLt (9 sLugntLrur55u LtoSQ2U 14uJgIoL (S LWPLLUhLtLIP QtLOWMAK Urt LuAtn (b '16RO LU;JU llC[LIpQ JJLr LUU RffCUMnS (£ nrQ Luom%L-tLX OnLq1LSI RU(Lnt (z nlLn[QRLWIlLLL ntntLflLrtLUL4tI9 SnZ nknQQnEeCsun0uT 4 - 3WVN./01196tlOIAN3 0L LLUD4J LUUrLLU WJLnlC nOLULn (i1 .5~~~~~~~~J nl7rV2lAfXtntQ.MtuMsl wpu-mmUk sUMOOLn (El1 nhOrITL LhLnUrMU Lniwtnmt^P 14UJcLwuLn (zl w A - s AuflfhKI4lLLurtLLu fhCU&IIUMLttO- Ltn,lLhn (01 LLU&LMU69QssLrtLLU t[QUAtn I LRRtbUOnt (6 LLUL&WusLhLUFtILU L'GisCAU tqrt1.Rb&QLn (s 0 .5 a . a KtLUULi)lQLnLL L[UQL U?JWU1UAL fQLU.aILn (9 rLLsuLRLkon~ wUnLrLL'QL Srt lfnLnL (z Wl=s6stULnTUh.nlURtsf QL unnLULtn;l MQ1:ROLn (Ct rt~UILMRU1OLVnIZ~URQL td-~Rn- UZIMLr (C ftLU&tLJUlbfLVnL~l.URti ttft~h1 IQ.LJGLn (Z LULAMLLUrLutuzmunLQL[ MG.CAQUI Lii3b),UgLn ( rLULtl4t'LULLUttQttrtbU T'S RAUQWLICb 'U &LUrtUU l4b OOn (11 LLUMtLLU ftuui~ P-6A4itQL'. (0 LLUrtLLU ^n 3uo 16unaUt (6 LLUR5LLU ULUtUMMUUl 2IMt114JLn (8 LLsrtsLU ntr,at PIQLnt (L tLUrtUU UUrrJfl LXnPLrfLn (9 LLUUMLU rtslQtTtu1 JUGOLntn (s &MMUrts inum tnLna2Lfn (9 sLurtssu/nTn1LU sMLW P bInW hnLn (£ gLurtgLLNMULOU/rLP LL6HLa uitwinLn (Z LLUrttu?.LmZL(L UtLOURfn SROURIOLn (I LnuEtf6tLuftt&u.-MWftb YZ 9WVN/90196/SIOIAN3 LL IAUL% uLQUQIM URs LU L4.RrL MM1blUt JUniAOin (z rtn.Luo iLnLMusurtvnL^ nGQnruL, 9MUMC>n (l butiouni,yn ultbutt s-8 RsUbLLutU4sL;QLd usLoUrLU s Nhs[uwt1u ML^&11rLr (I rsssuL;uQugonwlsunn ,nFtt,ouu nnuscntt 6i a .t ItS~~~~~~~~~~ s Il.'.LUISSA4 rUUWWLUiUPtLUftU L&PdOLOU1t1 LRSIJMfLg?1. (Zi rUIdLU&f rsrCtLURLQbLUIJ auLrLLu L1 UG oLnLrn (Li r cLLuI4LvuusLutsLrnLU LLtrtI lisnenuuth (01 ruLtuRLA~Wi3LWPnr:l4.-UfLl nwur.4LgmL nru-IMw (6 nrsu:Lu$c4L rt LLUr-tr&UtLJJA4hLUL,U4bOLSI. bILLtVh (8nr %rfL rUutuRLOU&4UJLLWUILLtI lbr-nu %t:Ln( rttuR4LsW4LLtSULIlW tQLbklf M,ntUIMAULn (t r . p rtttURLJL6ULrUnL%LUL[t O1tJbOU LnfLntt (Z rt:LUbLtI4 sULLQLLrMnh sILf JbLtrfLl6hr? ILQt'Qnit (l FL=16rKWt IRSXUt55umUl-UU5 )AMUntt 501kn (IZ tUJILLJULLUfLLU t LA ihLMnLh (iz LLULAFLZ'OMUrIML unrlLnbtIJ WMfbanr (oz ULULA,tL LUrtLLU tt!AMt'1 P-LW3jQILn (61 U1gFttL~QLfIL#5tUrUU IRrar1DStI S6fInLn (81 ownerw uL^silsTLurts5u Lrwr~tU aUUt ffnt (LI ftI1ftN55L1UrLLU UhLL OU:SpLftN (91 4.1 fl"US)nOMR1001Ul 4 V . 3) UlelJJVn L642DfMPiJs 5) wU uff4 tE42iflnu 7) U11UVi7aMa 1 f1)U) 8) UlUlUi nJ71 12) U1eJ1ffl1U hl7Umf 1) wfjUf!fl91 fl1 15) Ulern7e 2CJ¶fl 10) ulrni7¶ qfnlw 11) UlUJSI0 18's 12) u1ml1nitefl Pone4 13) llW iSlf 14) U?JlWfl1 LHWnSSnWSul 23) uluJlFnJ wilAgn 16) 'WUBF)OU"WUn tg114U 17) Ulf LU¶3uW n1n 18)~~~~~~1 1 9) V IV-03/6 41Ufl 20) UltUlaMfj lNS01M 21) -wlUnwSi TiotiNi 22) UlfUjlWl URa unl iR 23) U1i jf alS@nw 24) uluqSlffflR mStnliff3 12 ENV1018/96105/NAME 31VN/SOI96/8IOIAN3 rtapQut1tmiR u LhQLLU WrwULrUtUJ6Lrtm MQuuoiU m4tRILn (z sushasLLIslULr;(0DM) fJUjHJmLL rntQutLUQIrC& ~~~~~~~~~~~~~(fN nllttLGnfiJlis r, ? gp FLQU LJnt . &LUQiw r LLfQj& P-MIAIl A6LLTQQLf (i w~ ~~~~~~~~~w p . A ~ p MUDS6 QP-PLML5tLn (sl fl 0 L ru U WLflQi2tC& !9QLILt^ DOUAMOLn (l, I WQNW r'LL n 1 (91 Wim>s,umns OrtSLQf)Ln (Zl UL0QUt LuWLLCOLn (l SULPYL -qtQ,QOLn (o6 LtWrtr tQ M LMM (6 rtLnLnU (6nnOLn (L ^SLIt &nLkQLfn (9 016MMUUL WMWIan (S m w rLlulFrLn (9 LLUhJZZ1 FtGU45FLrLL (E 026PLgaintLJ61QLn (Z rnLUL4tUl[UM3 QhIAlLfnl _ (I RtWLULCtUtLLt.WUiLLhtlAL4OitUU Z-4