59525 VOLUMe 31 NUMBM • - "W (see page 5) A Guide to t e ank's Annual Report by Patricia D. Nepomuceno In the two previous decades, the institu­ high growth rates has already begun." (page 10), reads more smoothly, and, tion responded quickly to the opportu­ The Executive Directors have guid­ even before getting into the body of nities to manage growth that were open ed the way the Annual Report's style the Report, provides a three-page tour to it. In the 1980s andfor theforesee­ and format have evolved. The last d'horizon of the major policy and per­ able future, however, the Bank faces the major change was at the beginning of sonnel issues the Directors tackled necessity ofmanaging change-change the 1980s when the Directors felt it during the year. in the external economic environment, was time to discuss the economic state Perhaps more than in most other in the world'sfinancial markets, and in of less developed countries from a years, World Bank activities for fiscal the operational products and services it more comprehensive global perspec­ year 1984 reflect the institution's con­ offers to its developing member coun­ tive. Since then, chapter II (pages 31 tinuing process of adapting to the tries. to 45) has proved to be one of the most global environment. Many of the ma­ useful sections of the Annual Report. jor policy decisions of the past year t's not hard to see why these lines This year, pages 37 to 42 are "must" reviewed in the Annual Report are I promise to be among the most quot­ able quotes from The World Bank An­ reading for anyone who wants to un­ derstand the debt issue. fruits of ideas conceived as early as the dawning of the 1980s. At that time, nual Report 1984 (page 15). They sum Although the Report follows a pat­ the worst recession in 40 years made it up best the themes of "flexibility," tern, the Executive Directors do initi­ clear that the Bank should begin "adjustment," and "innovation" ate subtle but important changes from thinking of a variety of innovative emerging from the 233-page account year to year. "Continuity" is all very measures to keep the development of The World Bank's activities and well, they feel, but at the same time, momentum of its borrowers from fal­ those of its borrowing countries dur­ the document is not "cast in iron." tering. "The Articles of Agreement are ing the past fiscal year. The figures are By consensus-for the Annual Re­ general enough to give the Executive always interesting-IBRD lending port is built on consensus-the Direc­ Board sufficient flexibility to adjust was up 7.3% over FY83; IDA lending tors agreed that the two sections sum­ Bank policies to the realities of a was up 7 % -but increasingly, statis­ marizing their role and their activities changing world," the Annual Report tics tell only part of the story. should be merged. Previously, the sec­ notes. "The pattern is evident in the tions were found separately in the Re­ major policy decisions made ..." Cause for Encouragement port- one at the beginning and anoth­ Among the developments during The statement that stood out most er closer to the end. The "Executive fiscal year 1984 arising from such pol­ from last year's Annual Report was: Board" can now be read up front icies were: A significant increase in "The impetus toward development in many of (the Bank's) member nations was more sharply broken than at any time since the founding of the institu­ tion, as the impact of the deepest re­ EAST EUROPE LATIN E AFRICA WAFRICA ASIA, SASIA MIDDLE EAST AMERICA & cession since the 1930s continued to be PACIFIC N AFRICA CARIBBEAN felt in all parts of the world." The 84 1,186.6 1,181 .7 3,302.0 3,700.6 3,125.8 3,027.5 reader will find this year's Report less gloomy and will note that in the midst 83 1.129.8 664.2 3,708.6 2,979.2 2,535.6 3,459.6 of remaining "serious concerns in sev­ 82 714.6 1,086.9 2.723.4 3,124.0 2,379.1 2,987.9 eral areas"- such as the halting re­ covery of trade, commodity prices and 81 874.1 938.3 2.358.4 2,531 .2 2,435.8 3,153.2 capital flows-there is cause for en­ couragement. The painful adjust­ 80 815.0. 731.6 2,368.9 2,436.5 2,445.7 2,684.0 ments in many developing countries, 75-79 575.1 466.4 1.553.2 1,485.8 1,736.5 1,786.3 the Report says, "have established a (YEARLY AVO.) base for return to increases in output. Indeed, in some countries the return to WORLD BANK LENDING USS MILLIONS COVER: Many Bank/lFC staff support the United Way Campaign . Left to right, top row: Dunstan Wai, Sudan; Enrique Mendez, Chile; Serena Han Clarke, Korea; Brigitte Sterrett, France. Bottom row, Bogomir Chokel, United States; Melhem Salman. Lebanon; Theresia Verghese, India; Giselle Fox-Little, United Kingdom. Photos by Michele lannacci 2 THE BANK'S WORLD I SEPTEMBER 1984 IBRD disbursements mainly through the Special Action Program adopted FISCAL YEAR in FY83; intensified advisory services to the Bank's borrowing member countries, which came with increased ~I~I~I~I~I~I~I~I~I~ - 11,000 10.ft2 - 10,000 lending for sector and structural ad­ 1 .131 - 9,000 justment; preparation of an Action 8 .521 - 8,000 Program for Sub-Saharan Africa - 7,000 which deals with the region's long­ term development issues; and prepa­ - 6,000 ration of staff studies on the future IOH 1 . 113 I.CIH - 5,000 role of the Bank. - 4,000 - 3,000 Funding Strategy During the past fiscal year, the Ex­ ecutive Directors also conducted a comprehensive review of the Bank's DDDD - - -0 2,000 1,000 funding strategy. To keep the Bank's IBRD GROSS BORROWINGS, 1975-1984 lending rates as low and as stable as US$ MILLIONS possible, the Directors authorized the introduction of borrowings in float­ ing-rate notes; the establishment of a Central Bank Facility; and the expan­ for the IBRD of$8.4 billion equiva­ Report's chapter on "1984 Regional sion of the short-term discount-note lent and a seventh replenishment of Perspectives" (pages 79 to 118). borrowing program and of currency IDA resources in the amount of$9 Again, to reflect the Bank's expanded swap transactions. They approved the billion equivalent. And they agreed on economic dialogue with its members, Bank's participation, with commercial a flexible range for the fiscal year 1985 the regional chapter has through the banks, in new co-financing arrange­ lending program: Between $12.6 bil­ years veered from outlining specific ments such as "B-loans." These co­ lion and $13.3 billion for IBRD and Bank projects in each region to forth­ financing arrangements totaled $1.1 between SDR2.8 billion and SDR3.3 right discussions on the regions' billion in FY84. The Directors recom­ billion for IDA. efforts at policy adjustment-how far mended that the Board of Governors The impact of policy adjustment on they have gone, and how far they still authorize a selective capital increase countries is analyzed in the Annual have to go. Gloria Scott, Adviser on Women in Development, is pleased with another new Board initiative this year: To in­ GROWING DIVERSITY OF PROGRAMS clude a section on "Women in Devel­ opment" (pages 66 to 69) alongside such cross-sectoral Bank activities as • STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT LENDING "Inter-Agency Cooperation" and "Technical Assistance." • SPECIAL ACTION PROGRAM "The fact that this first essay is • NEW FORMS OF COFINANCING comprehensive shows the Bank's readiness to pay tribute to the role of • BROADER AID COORDINATION EFFORTS the often invisible woman in develop­ • DEEPER COUNTRY ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ment," Mrs. Scott says. She looks back to the first time ever that the • INCREASED DEBT AND TRADE RESEARCH topic was mentioned-in the Annual Report of eight years ago, which said • STRONGER LENDING FOR AGRICULTURE AND ENERGY cryptically that "involvement of wom­ • PRIORITY GIVEN TO SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA en is now being explicitly considered in projects, especially in education and • BOOSTED LENDING FOR TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE rural development." A sidebar on pages 66 and 67 shows .J . • BROADENED SCOPE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE how far the Bank has come since then. "Issues in Project Design" outline the THE BANK'S WORLD / SEPTEMBER 1984 3 costly consequences of not integrating "Letter of Transmittal" (page 9) stand and "dedication to the institution's women in the design of projects, spec­ out. ideals." This, they add, "has made it ifically in agriculture, urban develop­ In it, the Directors express their possible for the Bank to respond to 1' ment, transportation, water supply appreciation to the almost 6,000 men the needs of developing countries with and sanitation, population, health and and women of The World Bank for both flexibility and imagination, at a nutrition, and education. their "continued professionalism" time of severe economic hardship." II Also making its debut in the Annual Report is the section on "Procure­ ment" (pages 25 to 27). Two tables Who Gets the Annual Report show IBRD and IDA foreign and lo­ cal procurement disbursement figures An economist at the Institute of Ori­ year, the Bank's Resident Missions by cumulative years and recent indi­ ental Studies in Moscow. A vice received close to 5,000 copies of the vidual fiscal years, and by source of president of Lazard Freres at Num­ Annual Report a week before its re­ supply. Another table shows local ber One Rockefeller Center, in New lease date, allowing Resident Repre­ procurement disbursements for the York. The director of the Bureau of sentatives to have the Report on top 50 borrowing countries. The sec­ Statistics in Port Vila, Vanuatu. A hand, instead of mimeographed cop­ tion notes that developing-country student from the Asian Institute of ies, at their press briefings. Year­ suppliers have become increasingly Management in the Philippines. The round requests come from staff-for effective in winning contract awards librarian of Antigua and Barbuda's their own use or for their profession­ for Bank projects. Ministry of Finance. al contacts-but hundreds of copies Francis Mayer, Chief of the LAC/ go to individuals who drop by the EMENA Disbursement Division in Most Sought After Bank to pick up the Report. "There the Loan Department, says that They're among the 25,000 names is a noticeable increase in customer "these figures are only the tip of the on the Publication Department's traffic in the Book Store starting on iceberg. Our data base is now so enor­ computerized list of individuals and the day the newspapers carry articles mous that the answer to most ques­ institutions under 14 different clas­ on the Annual Report," Mr. Hernan­ tions about disbursement history can sifications who, over the years, have dez says. be found somewhere in 7 reels of tape asked to receive the Bank's most holding 11 million records." Before sought after free publication: The Biggest Customers the age of computerization, he adds, Executive Directors' Annual Report The breakdown of the computer­ the information was collated manually to the Board of Governors. ized list according to various dassifi­ by student interns. "Last year we ordered 60,000 cop­ cations indicates where requests ies of the English-language version," throughout the year originate: The Trends and Interrelationships Cris Hernandez of the Publications biggest customers are central banks Mr. Mayer is the first to acknowl­ Department says, "and shortly be­ and finance and planning ministries, edge that such statistical information fore fiscal year1984 was over, we had followed by the business community, stands a risk of being distorted or run out. We had to order 5,000 more other government agencies and em­ taken out of context. He explains: copies just to tide us over until the bassies, the news media, commercial "Local procurement, for instance, in­ next Annual Report." He explains banks and other financial institu­ cludes previously imported goods, and that despite careful planning, this sit­ tions, university faculty, libraries, in­ foreign multinationals supply prod­ uation has arisen once or twice in the ternational and regional organiza­ ucts that include components from a past. This time around, he ventures tions, nongovernmental organiza­ number of countries. The information a guess that "we had more unexpect­ tions and other associations, re­ we capture relates to the country of ed bulk requests because of all the search institutions, students, and the supplier and we're sufficiently public and private meetings being bookstores. confident about the figures to publish convened worldwide to discuss par­ The Publication Department's list them in the Annual Report." ticular countries' debt situations. also shows that after the Annual Re­ He is optimistic that, with time, the Obviously, the Annual Report was port in English, which takes up the figures and the way they are presented handy to have around." bulk of requests, the language ver­ will be further refined to better reflect This is just one of the many lesser sion most in demand is Spanish, fol­ interrelationships among countries known ways the Annual Report is lowed by French, Arabic, Japanese, and trends in the export of goods and perused. Outside the Publication German, and Chinese. II services financed by the Bank. Department's computerized list, ad­ Last but not least, the Executive vance copies go to the Board of Gov­ Your contribution to the United Way Cam­ Directors add a touch of formality to ernors and Executive Directors and paign helps support more than 200 agencies. the Annual Report by making their : key journalists here and abroad . This 4 THE BANK'S WORLD / SEPTEMBER 1984 United"W;JY I .' IF n ual eport Campaig n the 28 years of IFC's existence, activity~orporate restructuring. he Bank/IFC United Way cam­ I four or five are remembered as wat­ ershed years for the Corporation­ This term describes a situation where the IFC provides technical and finan­ T paign officially begins Tuesday, October 2, and will run through the when its course was reset. IFC's An­ cial assistance to private companies end of November. nual Report, issued this month, notes which, although otherwise sound, While there is no formal dollar goal, that fiscal year 1984 will be remem­ must, in the face of extreme economic says Amnon Golan, Director of the bered as one of those watershed years. pressures, restructure their business Industry Department, Energy and In­ There are two major reasons for financially and physically. The objec­ dustry Staff, and Chairman of this this: (I) the Board of Directors ap­ tive is to save valuable productive ca­ year's United Way campaign in the proved a recommendation to double pacity which would otherwise be lost Bank and IFC, "we want to exceed the amount of IFC's authorized capi­ and, eventually, in better times, have last year's total of$265,678 donated tal from $650 million to $1.3 billion; to be rebuilt. Twelve such extremely by more than 3, 100 staff. The reason (2) the development of IFC's new five­ labor-intensive projects were ap­ is that the need is even greater this year program. The two usher in a new proved during the year. year than before." period of growth, and they will bring To encourage staff to contribute, the Corporation into new activities Tracking Performance the United Way committee will again and types of business. Third, the staff had to shift much of sponsor a raffle. If you make a contri­ The difficult economic conditions their attention away from "new busi­ bution to United Way, you automati­ which private sector businesses con­ ness" toward tracking the perfor­ cally get a ticket for the raffle. If you tinue to face in many developing coun­ mance of and helping companies in make your contribution through the tries had a decided impact on IFC's which IFC has already invested. Diff­ payroll deduction plan, you will get activities during this past year. While erent from corporate restructuring in two extra raffle tickets. And for every the effects were many, they were most that they do not result in specific $50 contributed or pledged you get pronounced in three areas. "projects" which are taken to the another raffle ticket. (See following Board of Directors and are a normal story about last year's big raffle win­ Improving Productivity part of portfolio supervision, this ac­ ner for a list of this year's prizes.) First, the recession and the resulting tivity consumed a "more-than­ Drawing of prizes will be November unused plant capacity have kept many normal" amount of IFC resources 27 at I: 15 p.m. in the Eugene Black private investors from undertaking during the year. Auditorium. large greenfield industrial projects. Running counter to the general re­ Cornerstone of Campaign What demand there was for invest­ cessionary trend and in the face of ment funds was channeled, for the serious cutbacks in net lending to de­ To guarantee volunteerism and most part, into consolidating and im­ veloping countries by commercial confidentiality-the cornerstone of proving productivity in existing facili­ banks, the Corporation's co-financing the Bank/IFC United Way cam­ ties. As a result, while the number of efforts continued to attract funds for paign-the United Way organization investments approved by the Board of project financing. Almost half, $305 will administer the raffle. Staff mem­ Directors was greater than last year, million, ofI FC's total financing was bers will place their pledges or contri­ the total dollar volume of nearly $700 syndicated. butions in a sealed envelope, together million was almost $150 million less Taken together- the five-year pro­ with a self-addressed envelope, and than the previous fiscal year. gram, the capital increase, new types give the envelopes to the United Way Second, as a specific response to the of business, co-financing efforts-fis­ representative in their department. recession, the Corporation turned its cal year 1984 was really a transition United Way will open the envelopes attention to a relatively new type of period. • and place the number of raffle tickets to which the donor is entitled into the self-addressed envelope and send it to ..t . his or her office. For added securi ty, the United Way administrators will THE BANK'S WORLD / SEPTEMBER 1984 5 keep a record of the ticket numbers that the only expense not included was tickets to Paris, dinners at various sent to each contributor. the cost of meals. local restaurants and a color TV. An additional highlight to this Had he always been a supporter of Everyone who supports the United year's Bank/IFC activities will be an the United Way? Mr. Ferrer admitted Way automatically receives tickets in "International Munch for United that for the first few years he lived in the raffle. This year's prizes include: Way" to be held October 5 in the D this country he had not paid much Grand Prize-14-day trip for two to cafeteria from noon to 2 p.m. For attention to the annual appeal. "But Italy, all expenses paid, courtesy of every meal purchased, Marriott Cor­ eventually the idea came through to American Express and Alitalia. poration will contribute some of its me that I ought to do something. You Other prizes-Apple Macintosh profits to United Wayon behalfofthe live here and you look around and Computer; tickets to Barbados, cour­ Bank and IFC. II realize you are lucky; you are among tesy of Pan Am; TWA tickets to an the favored ones." exotic destination to be announced he Winner s ... He adds that it really is not much of a burden to contribute, and it's grati­ later; Nautilus membership for two; a hot-air balloon ride (champagne flight by Jill Roessner fying to know that your gift will make for two); microwave oven by General "I ve n v r won anything before in my life" says Vicente Ferrer­ a real difference to someone less for­ tunate. Electric; video cassette recorder from Luskin's; color TV from Murrell's; Andreu, who was last year's winner of And, if you happen to be one of the Schwinn bicycle; a case of champagne the United Way raffle. "I didn't even raffle winners-well, that's a bonus. from MacArthur Liquors; and a gift go to the drawing, and it wasn't until There were 14 winners last year. Mr. certificate from Bloomingdale's. two colleagues came running to tell me Ferrer's was the grand prize, but other But you can't win if you don't par­ that I learned I had won eight days in people received prizes, including plane ticipate. 11 Mexico for two people, all expenses paid. "Of course I took my wife," he says, "although I did get quite a few other oaned Exec tiv offers! It was the first time we'd gone away together without the children for a long time-but we left them with grandparents. " Mr. Ferrer is Spanish and there is an old saying in his country that if you are lucky in love, you won't be lucky in gambling. But Mr. Ferrer disproved that, adding "it was a second honey­ moon." Between Missions Mr. and Mrs. Ferrer could have chosen any time between December and April for the trip; they chose the end of March, between two of his missions. Although Mr. Ferrer travels fairly frequently in his position as a Project Officer in Latin America and the Caribbean Projects Department, Loretta Schaeffer, last year's Loaned Executive to United Way, is flanked by. Ted Davis (left), the first he does not normally go to Mexico, so staff member in this role (in 1982), and Donald Allison, the 1984 Loaned Executive. he particularly enjoyed the opportuni­ ty to stay in both Mexico City and ast year, Loretta Schaeffer of the could help promote the 1983 United Acapulco as well as takjng a two-day East Asia and Pacific Regional Way campaign. Twelve months later, bus tour in between when they visited Office went on mission right here in she still glows with enthusiasm at the other places of interest. They swam, Washington, D.C.-as a Loaned Ex­ memory of "an incredible cross­ sunbathed, shopped, relaxed, and "al­ ecutive to the United Way of the Na­ cultural experience." most managed to forget the Bank." tional Capital Area. The Bank donat­ With tongue in cheek, the United '"The hotel accommodations were ed three months of her time, relieving Way has compared Loaned Execu­ excellent," Mr. Ferrer says, adding her of all Bank duties, so that she tives with the Lone Ranger: A hard- 6 THE BANK'S WORLD I SEPTEMBER 1984 riding, straight-shooting agent who Way does. We're lucky to have these However, with automation there is ventures into unknown territory to agencies to help us and we're lucky to less demand for this work, despite its help those in adversity, and who al­ have our jobs." low cost. To respond to these changed ways comes back with Silver (not the As part of her training for this as­ circumstances, the Centers are now horse, but contributions to United signment, Ms. Schaeffer visited some also training their clients to work in Way). Ms. Schaeffer will testify to the of the United Way agencies. She was nursing homes, providing services "hard riding." "In three months of most impressed by the level of care such as feeding the sick and elderly. United Way work, I put 25,000 miles offered by the Maryland Centers for But such innovative training schemes on my car just driving in the Washing­ the Handicapped. She also visited a need money to get started. The Cen­ ton area," she says. United Black Fund day care center for ters have to buy hospital beds and the elderly and noted that "Washing­ cafeteria equipment, for example, if Stimulating Interest ton is the only city in the country they are going to teach people how to She was assigned to work with where the United Black Fund is a perform health care and other ser­ about 20 local businesses, all with partner in the United Way 'cam­ vices. more than 200 employees. She had paign." Explaining the Bank contact with the chief executive officer To receive United Way funds, an and the campaign coordinator in each agency must be screened by volunteers Ms. Schaeffer says she encountered company, helped plan their internal and agree to an audit of its books. No a general lack of knowledge about The campaigns, helped train volunteers, advocacy groups are admitted as World Bank and was asked why the provided supplies and materials from United Way agencies, and all pro­ Bank helps Third World countries United Way headquarters, spoke to grams funded by United Way must be when there is so much poverty here in staff and managers to stimulate inter­ open to everyone of all races and Washington. She often had to explain est, answered questions, and encour­ creeds. not only the role of the Bank but also aged contributions. Since United Way has only a skele­ the role of the Loaned Executive. She The largest organization she served ton permanent staff, most of the work was anxious to assure her listeners was Xerox, which has about 2,000 is done by volunteers. This helps keep that the United Way was not paying staff in the Washington area. Larry costs to a minimum and allows more for her services, nor was the money Brown, former Washington Redskins than 90% of all contributions to go from contributors going to pay her star, is the Xerox campaign coordina­ directly to the work of the agencies, all salary, since The World Bank, as a tor. "I worked closely wi th him and of which are private. service to the community, donated her many of the Xerox staff," she says. time. Her smallest account was Super Private Sector Involvement Ms. Schaeffer's former EMENA di­ Concrete. There, she went down to the "As an American who has lived half vision chief and department director, loading docks at 5 a.m. to talk with my life out of the United States, I was who appreciate the importance of drivers while they were filling their surprised by the amount of private United Way, released her for this as­ trucks with concrete. sector involvement," says Ms. signment. The Bank has had trouble She was up at dawn to see workers Schaeffer. "In some countries, these recruiting Loaned Executives because at Security Storage Company's many services are provided by the state. In managers are often reluctant to part locations before their moving vans others, the only fallback for those with a staff member for three full took off for the day's rounds. She also needing help are religious institutions months. helped organize United Way Cam­ or the extended family system." "I'm sorry the Bank has selected paigns in two big clothing chains in She describes how agency programs only one Loaned Executive for the Washington-Bradlees and Morton's. change over time to keep up with 1984 campaign," says Ms. Schaeffer, "Talking to people about helping modern needs. St. Anne's, for exam­ now Regional Co-financing Coordina­ volunteer organizations held many ple, in the 1950s was a home for tor in the Office of the Regional Vice surprises for me," she recalls. "I was unwed mothers who placed their ba­ President, East Asia and Pacific. "I very impressed by the fact that poorer bies for adoption. In the 1980s, the had hoped and recommended that the people were often so much more will­ agency offers day care services for Bank release extra staff at both profes­ ing to pledge a higher proportion of working mothers in the neighborhood sional and support levels to be more their income than better off white­ and is on 24-hour call as a shelter for in line with what other organizations collar workers." Ms. Schaeffer de­ battered children. contribute in this area." scribes how people earning minimum The Maryland Centers for the Donald Allison is this year's wages or working only part-time Handicapped have long had a proven Loaned Executive from the Bank; Ted would frequently give $5 a week to training program using severely hand­ Davis was the first staff member in this ..l · United Way. Asked why, they an­ icapped people to collate pamphlets role in 1982. 1'1 swered: "We know what the United for local businesses at piece rates. United Way-people helping people. THE BANK'S WORLD / SEPTEMBER 1984 7 New Medical Practices to Affect Staff l' M D: hat It oes and Doesn't o Dr. Andre Lebrun W hat can a staff member expect the Medical Department to do for him or her-and what should the fitness; an example of the second is the dispensing of pills (or giving immuni­ of the well-known beneficial effects of physical exercise on relieving the zations) to prevent the contraction of effects of stress and increasing vitality staff member not expect MED to do'? various diseases among staff traveling and well-being. The other component, These are questions that many in the around the world on mission or living health awareness, consists so far of a Bank and IFC have been asking, and abroad in resident missions. planned series of lectures and semi­ to learn the answers The Bank's World Q. What other services does MED nars on health issues and problems, interviewed Dr. Andre Lebrun, Direc­ provide beyond the Health Room? such as diet/nutrition, stopping smok­ tor of the Department. A. We have a Staff Counseling Ser­ ing, and hypertension. A research lec­ Q. What is all the talk about the vice for helping staff members experi­ turer from George Washington Uni­ "new" Medical Department? encing emotional problems. There is versity gave the first presentation this A. One should not confuse the vis­ also a Medical Assistance Unit to han­ past July, reporting on the results of ible "cosmetic" changes which have dle emergency situations arising here the 10-year National Institutes of taken place in the Health Room with and overseas. We have a program to Health (NIH) study on cholesterol the changes in "substance" in the con­ monitor the health aspect of the phys­ and heart disease. Over 200 people tent of MED's current and future ical work environment which we carry attended. We hope to offer similar medical programs. The substance is by out in cooperation with the Adminis­ presentations every two to three far more important for staff. trative Services Department. We have months. Q. What are the cosmetic changes? a consultant-a specialist in environ­ Q. Looking at the Health Room A. These are basically the expan­ mental hygiene-surveying the Bank again, what has been the change in the sion and remodeling of the Health premises periodically to ensure health­ physician arrangement there? Room, giving Bank staff and the med­ ful conditions, and we will respond to ical and nursing staff a more pleasant complaints from staff about suspected A. We changed from a contract and efficient environment and more unhealthy or unsafe conditions. We're with a medical partnership to full-time badly needed space to accommodate currently also exploring with the con­ physicians employed directly by the the average flow of about 180 people sultant the possibility of monitoring Bank. Under the contract arrange­ a day who visit the Health Room. workstation conditions to ensure ad­ ment, about 15 physicians were rotat­ There are, of course, peak periods herence to accepted guidelines in the ing their time in the Health Room. A when the number of clients is much use ofVDTs (visual display termin­ common complaint from staff, howev­ higher, for example during the sum­ als). er, was that one was never certain mer when many people are taking Q. You mentioned physical fitness, which physician would be on duty home leave and families come in for but what about MED's involvement in when, so it was difficult for the major­ their injections and travel medicines. the exercise program? ity of staff to establish the personal Q. What about the changes in sub­ A. We are developing a Health bond so important to a good physi­ stance? Promotion Program. So far, it has cian-patient relationship. Since the A. They reflect the underlying phi­ two components: physical fitness and contractors dealt solely with individu­ losophy behind creation of the Medi­ health awareness. What we envisage al staff members, there was no effort cal Department. MED is a Depart­ for the physical fitness component is to see health issues from an institu­ ment of Occupational Medicine, consolidation of current fitness activi­ tional-or total staff-perspective. which means it is primarily oriented ties taking place in the H and I exer­ The three full-time physicians now on toward (1) the promotion and conser­ cise rooms and the addition of any our staff are not allowed to practice vation of good health, and (2) the other activities that may be needed to outside the Health Room. Conse­ prevention or minimization ofpossi­ make the Bank's fitness program as quently, their whole time and energy ble harmful effects resulting from the professional and as responsive to staff are available to staff members; health conditions in which the Bank has to needs as possible. We would like to in the Bank is their concern. conduct its business. An example of attract as many staff as possible to Q. But aren't those physicians going the first is the promotion of physical participate in these activities because to lose their skills? How are they keep­ 8 THE BANK'S WORLD / SEPTEMBER 1984 ing up with the latest medical informa­ doctor anyway, shouldn't he or she have advance for physical assessments of tion? his or her physical exam with that doc­ various kinds, and responses to non­ A. The physicians are not doing tor rather than having it in the Health scheduled visits can inconvenience anything different in the Health Room Room? other staff members. We are in the from what they would do if they were A. There is no standard answer to process of introducing a new schedule practicing in their offices, except that your question. Bank staff, particularly to replace the existing annual physical they do not undertake long-term those who travel frequently, are sub­ that will provide more time for the treatment in this type of practice. As jected to unusual exposure, physical doctors to see staff on a scheduled or they would in their own offices, they and mental stress as a result of their unscheduled basis. Of course, emer­ perform physical examinations, eval­ jobs. Hazards beyon.d the sheer de­ gency cases will continue to have uate laboratory reports, take medical mands of the institution's work in­ priority. histories, make tentative diagnoses clude frequent jet lag, ingestion of Q. You're replacing the annual and refer people to specialists for fur­ various medications, exotic foods or physical? ther treatment. In addition, they alcohol, extended travel in areas de­ A. Yes. We are introducing a Peri­ screen staff for occupationally related void of any modern hygienic facili ties odic Health Assessment, which will diseases and focus on preventive and hours or days from any medical replace the annual physical. Evidence health care and health education. Like facilities, being separated frequently from the past several decades shows any other physician in the United from family and friends, and so on. that in most cases routine physical States, they are required by law to Even staffwho don't travel may expe­ exams or screens of "healthy" people take a prescribed amount of continu­ rience problems adapting to life in the should not have the same frequency in ing medical education through atten­ United States or may have medical younger and in older people. Current dance at courses, seminars, profes­ problems that would not be recog­ medical practice recommends an ex­ sional and scientific meetings and nized by many local physicians. The amination about every three years for other officially accepted procedures. Bank's doctors understand these con­ those under 40, every two years for They devote, as part of their assign­ ditions and what they can do to peo­ those from 40 to 49, and every year for ment, many hours to reading profes­ ple. They know how important it is to those over 50. Exceptions are made sional magazines and attending monitor health and know what to for defined high risk groups. Of "grand rounds" in various area hospi­ look for to prevent problems from course, the Medical Department will tals. developing. If staff feel their private respond to those staff who feel the Q. You said they cannot undertake physician understands these issues, need for more frequent examinations treatment. So what can we expect from they may decide to have their exam and consultations. them? with him or her. Our doctors, though, Q. Doctor, we understand that the A. They cannot undertake long­ are available for those who either feel Medical Department is being comput­ term treatment. The Health Room is the need for special attention or prefer erized. Why? not a clinic for curative medicine. It is the convenience of using the Health A. There are two purposes. One is a clinic for preventive medicine. Ob­ Room right here. At any rate, results to make more time available for fol­ viously, Health Room physicians will of physical exams done in the Health low-up on health issues. Instead of take care of immediate episodes that Room can be made available on re­ spending valuable time answering rou­ occur at work, whether it is a heart quest to an individual's private physi­ tine questions when first meeting with attack or indigestion. However, if cian. the doctor, the staff member will have there is a suspicion that one episode Q. Some staff complain that when answered those questions in advance may be the sign of an underlying, they go to the Health Room with a on a computer, allowing the doctor to more serious disease, you will be re­ problem, the nurses do not let them see review this information prior to the ferred to an outside physician, either the physician. Is that normal proce­ visit and to be ready to focus on sig:.. your family doctor or a specialist. This dure? nificant points. The second purpose is is why our physicians will generally A. Yes. Actually, the nurses have that it will make it possible for us to ask if you have a family doctor, and instructions to screen all episodic care analyze and focus on various risk recommend that you choose one if requests. They are all registered nurs­ groups and risk factors that we don't you don't. Our nurses and physicians es, meaning they are highly trained have a satisfactory grip on today; in can provide you with the names of professionals, and as such are perfect­ other words, to understand the health physicians in the area where you live ly capable of deciding whether to han­ situation in the institution and to pro­ from which you can choose a private dle a situation themselves, to recom­ pose actions when necessary. For the physician. mend the care of an outside doctor, or same reason, we recently sent out a Q. What you're saying is that each to recommend that a case be evaluated Health Survey questionnaire. It will ..t staff member should have a private doc­ by the Health Room physician. Our provide us with aggregate data, help­ tor. If a staff member needs a private physicians are scheduled for weeks in ing us identify health needs and in THE BANK'S WORLD / SEPTEMBER 1984 9 planning further improvements. er will be used to administer a person­ either the staff member or the physi­ Our computer program is based on al medical history. cian going off on a tangent and forget­ what is used in first-rate medical cen­ Q. Administering a medical history ting the sequence of questioning, thus . l' ters in the United States . by computer? Are we losing sight of the overlooking an issue. A nurse will be Q. But isn't it true that no computer human factor? available to help staff unfamiliar with is really safe from having its stored A. Certainly not. Quite the oppo­ some questions because of the lan­ information compromised? site. For those who have their physi­ guage, although extra care has been A. I realize that the confidentiality cals in the Health Room, as I said taken to make everything clear. A aspect of the computerization ofmed­ before, the medical history adminis­ printout of the answers will be given ical records is of great concern to all tered by computer does not replace to the staff member to review at home staff. It is of great concern to the staff the physician. On the contrary, it adds and to correct any mistake or misun­ in MED and to management as well. to the time the physician can spend derstanding. Prior to the staff member The decision to computerize was not with the staff member. It works some­ coming in for the physical examina­ taken lightly for just that reason. The thing like this: At a suitable time, such tion, the doctor will have read a copy same information is already stored in as at the laboratory tests which are of the same information. There will be manual files. But there are some very also done several days before meeting the time to discuss any corrections or important advantages in using a com­ with the physician, the medical histo­ clarifications. Then the physician will puterized system. We want to be able ry will be administered. Although the have more time available to explore to respond quickly to health problems history contains many questions, only only those areas that are important which may develop among our staff, those questions will be asked that flow according to the responses. particularly those exposed to various from the response to previous ques­ Q. Do you expect problems? health hazards for significant periods tions. For example, men will not be A. As you know, all computer sys­ of time while abroad. A computer will asked questions designed for women tems have snags. In the beginning we help us organize our data better to only, and those who answer "no" to will need the staff's patience and coop­ spot trends and identify areas where an earlier question will not be asked eration. Although we tested the sys­ we might intervene on a larger scale. more questions on the same topic. In tem on a score of staff members and As far as securi ty is concerned, we this system, there will be no risk of adapted it according to their sugges­ have five security systems in place. tions, we know that it can be refined (See box.) We are convinced it is a safe further. However, let me underscore system. Actually, it would be even System Safeguards the fact, as is already the case now, more difficult to gain access to an that no confidential information of a electronic record in this Department The new Medical Department com­ medical nature-and medical history than it would be to break into our puter system has five security systems is certainly part of it-will leave MED current file room safe. in place. They are: without the specific authorization of . Q. How does computerization pro­ • The computer is located on MED the staff member. vide services to staff? premises, and there is no telephone Q. What if someone cannot type? A. The orientation ofMED is pre­ link with systems outside the Depart­ Can they still use the computer system? vention. But prevention against what? ment so no unauthorized people can A. Yes. Most questions are multi­ Malaria is an obvious target because gain entry. ple choice. You choose the letter for everyone knows that when traveling in • Strict security passwords prevent the correct answer, and the computer certain areas, malaria and other dis­ unauthorized entry into the medical does the rest. eases are a risk. However, there may data base. Q. What if people still don't want to be other issues associated with work­ • Terminals are "restricted." Thus, give their medical history to a comput­ ing in the Bank. Aggregate informa­ only doctors have access to medical er? tion allowing comparisons between data. A. I understand that whatever pre­ groups of people is important, and • The system tracks anyone who ac­ cautions we take some people may still only a computer can provide the data cesses the data base, identifying that be somewhat intimidated by the termi­ quickly and allow meaningful and person by name~ date and time of nal. In such a case, I would certainly easy analysis, correlations, etc. A access, record and function. like to see them try to use it first, but computer's speed may also be of great • An the identifying information en­ if after that try a person is still reluc­ importance in emergency situations tered into the computer (such as name tant to use the terminal, then he or she here or overseas. Fast access to vital and staff number) is scrambled on the will be allowed to give his or her his­ information may save lives. disk or tape. This means that if either tory the traditional way. I have no Q. What is the first step in compu­ were stolen, it would be impossible to doubt that with experience the staff terization that will affect staff directly? read the data in any meaningful way. will find the new approach benefi­ A. Starting very soon, the comput­ cial. II 10 THE BANK'S WORLD I SEPTEMBER 1984 o 'Sub-Saharan Africa and The World Bank' Timothy T. Thahane W riting in the September issue of the New York-based Africa Report. Timothy T. Thahane, Vice President and Secretary, discussed "Sub-Saharan Africa and The Saharan Africa must include as a central component insti­ tutional and policy reform. This is a major challenge whose solution is slow and long term. The Bank and other donors World Bank." cannot avoid it if they are to be credible partners. Here are excerpts from that article: "Another major problem is agricultural development "Although during the past two decades there have been which has been characterized by falling output per head concerns in the donor community about the development, since the mid-'60s, and a growing dependence on food the constraints, and the needs of Sub-Saharan African imports. Since 1961 food imports have increased from countries, the fact is that today the economies of most of about 80/0 to about 23% in 1983 of all cereal requirements. them are still basically underdeveloped. This food dependence reflects both the low output of "As a whole, the economic condition in Sub-Saharan agriculture and the increase in population which is among Africa is grim, and the outlook is bleak. Unless we view the the highest in the world. Compounding this is the recent current economic condition of the region in its historical drought and large refugee popUlations numbering over perspective, we will not be able to understand and appreci­ 400,000, mostly a result of internal political instability. ate the depth of the crisis. Therefore, no strategy by African governments and inter­ "One of the major problems faced by many African national agencies can reverse the situation without dealing countries at their independence was institutional fragility in head-on with the problems of agricultural development, political, social, economic and financial sectors." population, growth and dependence on rising food imports. "Another challenge relates to the overdependence of Building More Schools, Hospitals several African countries on a few primary commodities "The World Bank and other donor agencies did not whose long-term prices are likely to remain substantially directly tackle the issue of institutional development, which lower than they were in the '60s. A strategy for economic requires long-term and sustained commitment of funds and and trade diversification must therefore be included among other resources, nor did governments of the region give the tools to get Africa out of its present situation." institutional development top priority. Instead, they jointly focused on expanding economic production, physical in­ To Adjust and Reform frastructure, and building more schools and hospitals to "There is also a challenge and need to adjust and reform make their services available to a large number of the management practices in public, personnel and sector man­ population. agement, in employment policies, school curricula and "With political and social turbulence that occurred in the training. The scope and nature of this adjustment and two decades following independence, institutional perfor­ reform require time and long-term commitment by the mance was strained. Many government ministries revealed government. a lack of capacity to determine and evaluate appropriate "Finally, a problem that is often referred to but never policies for investment selection, stimulation of private fully analyzed is the private sector and the development of sector development, including the fragile cooperative move­ indigenous entrepreneurship. Many governments, after in­ ment, and for designing appropriate tax structures that dependence, introduced legislation granting various kinds could stimulate production and ensure long-term sustain­ of incentives to foreign entrepreneurs, a few with invest­ ...1. . able growth. ments directed at the mineral or other extractive industries. "Therefore, a meaningful development strategy for Sub- Taken as a whole, foreign private investment with its THE BANK'S WORLD / SEPTEMBER 1984 11 management, financial and marketing expertise has never grains by 12.5 million tons of additional grains. But these played a meaningful role in Africa outside mining and projects included other objectives where results were mod­ plantation agriculture. But the policy environment and erate and mixed. specific rules of licensing, site allocation, and import per­ "The second priority sector relates to energy develop­ mits were cumbersome and not very encouraging. Further­ ment. In response to the dramatic oil price increases of 1973 more, no policies to encourage development of domestic and 1978, and the persistent balance of payments deficits of entrepreneurship beyond those geared to commercial and oil-importing developing countries that emerged, the Bank real estate dealers existed. increased its lending for energy from 15% to 22.8% in 1984. "While impressive progress in different countries was "Another area of Bank lending which has attracted made in building roads, railways, ports, power systems, attention is structural adjustment lending (SAL) which schools and hospitals after independence, little attention provides short-term balance of payment assistance through was paid to creating an effective operation and maintenance a series of operations over a three- to five-year period to capability. Consequently, the quality and frequency of these help the country restructure its investment portfolio and to services in most Sub-Saharan countries are irregular. As the reduce its current account deficit to a sustainable level in economic crisis deepened, a number of governments re­ the medium and long term." sponded by reducing funds for maintenance of many of these services. In some cases, roads deteriorated because of Poor Quality and Credibility lack of maintenance funds, schools lacked essential books, "Within Sub-Saharan Africa structural adjustment lend­ health clinics had insufficient drugs and dressings, and funds ing varies by country according to unique economic situa­ to pay staff became scarcer. Thus, to reverse these condi­ tions. In several countries, some progress has been made tions, the donor community must be willing as a strategy to toward financial stabilization through policy changes which provide recurrent funds for maintenance of these services." have helped to reduce budget deficits and moderate infla­ tion. In other countries, progress has also been made in Debt Rescheduling Is Not Enough restructuring the incentive system through adjusting ex­ "Africa responded to the balance of payment crises of the change rates and pricing policies, and some steps have been late 1970s-especially the increase in the prices of oil and taken to improve public resource management or restruc­ cereal imports-by using its reserves and borrowing from ture external debt. It is evident that a far greater number of commercial banks where feasible and from the Internation­ countries continue to face the kinds of problems that al Monetary Fund. This has resulted in an increased debt structural adjustment loans were designed to address. How­ service burden for many countries. For Sub-Saharan Afri­ ever, participation remains limited because of the poor ca, average annual amortization payments will rise from an quality and credibility of the programs with which govern­ average of$2.3 billion in 1980-82 to about $8 billion in ments propose to address their structural adjustment prob­ 1985-87, exclusive ofIMF obligations of about $1.6 billion lems, despite analytical and technical advice from the Bank. falling due in the next few years. Clearly, something has to "Collaboration of the Bank and the IMF is essential for be done. Debt rescheduling alone is not enough, but must achievement of the broad objectives of adjustment pro­ be supplemented by measures to make available external grams. IMF balance of payment assistance has played an financial resources in a timely fashion and suitable form and important role in Sub-Saharan Africa in restoring short­ by government policies to ensure the efficient use of these term financial viability and creating macroeconomic condi­ external and domestic resources to increase output and tions in which longer term structural adjustment can begin incomes. to take place effectively. The Bank's work, drawing on its "The World Bank's development partnership with Sub­ continuing analysis of general developmental and sector Saharan Africa dates as far back as the early 1950s when issues, views financial questions in relation to the policy and the first loan was granted to Ethiopia. Since then, the Bank institutional changes necessary for sustained development. and its affiliates (IDA and IFe) have committed over $19 "In conclusion, it is difficult to build a recovery plan for billion for priority development projects and programs in Sub-Saharan Africa because the conditions within each the region. country vary according to problems, potential, require­ "In the '60s and '70s, the Bank expanded its support to ments for external assistance, and resumption of growth. Africa for agriculture and rural development and focused However, The World Bank believes that a general strategy explicitly on techniques of achieving growth with equity, among donors to support government-sponsored reforms is poverty alleviation, and increasing the quality oflife for necessary to avoid a discordant development effort. many of the poor and disadvantaged people living in rural " The economic potential as well as the challenges of areas. development in Sub-Saharan Africa are enormous. Un­ "The agricultural projects (164) financed by The World doubtedly, the time for action is now, and the Bank is firmly Bank in the last five years have benefited about 33 million committed to making a contribution in the effort to im­ people, and over 850/0 of them realized an average rate of prove the human condition in its member countries in the return of20% to 23%. Fifty-three of them increased food region." II 12 THE BANK'S WORLD / SEPTEMBER 1984 Ann al eetings Agenda H is Excellency Noboru Takeshita, Minister of Finance of Japan, is Chairman of the 39th Annual Meetings of the Boards of Governors of The World Bank, International Finance Corporation, and the International Monetary Fund. The Meetings, to be held at the Sheraton Washington Hotel, start Monday, September 24, and end Thursday, September 27. All sessions will be joint, with morning sessions adjourning by I p.m. and afternoon sessions ad­ journing by 6 p.m. About 7,000 participants are expected. Here is the provisional schedule: Monday, September 24 10:00 a.m. - Opening Ceremonies Noboru Takeshita Address from the Chair Annual Address by Managing Director, IMF Thursday, September 27 Annual Address by President, IBRD, IFC, 9:30 a.m. - Annual Discussion and IDA Joint Procedures Committee Reports 3:00 p.m. - Annual Discussion Comments by Heads of Organizations Adjournment Tuesday, September 25 9:30 a.m.- Annual Discussion The Annual Meetings will be preceded by related meet­ 3:00 p.m. - Annual Discussion ings of Ministers and their Deputies starting Wednesday, IMF Election of Executive Directors September 19. The Interim Commitee will meet Saturday, IBRD Election of Executive Directors September 22, and the Development Committee Sunday, September 23, in the IMF building. Wednesday, September 26 A videotape of A. W. Clausen's Annual Meetings address 9:30 a.m. - Annual Discussion will be shown to staffin the Eugene Black Auditorium 3:00 p.m. - ICSID Administrative Council (C-1114) Monday, September 24, at 2 p.m., 3 p.m., and 4 5:30 p.m.-Joint Procedures Committee p.m., and Tuesday, September 25, at 10 a.m. and II a.m. lID Field Service Offers Opportunities for Career, Personal Growth Memorie of a es ep by Roberto Chadwick , ,"'0 go or not to go "-that is the question when one is con­ the Bank. While there may be person­ al reasons not to leave Washington, The World Bank's objectives. More­ over, in the economic environment of fronted with the possibility offield D.C., I, for one, believe that the wide the 1980s and I 990s-likely to be­ service, either on secondment or with range of experience to be gained in the come increasingly complex and div­ field on development matters-our erse-first-hand knowledge of how Roberto Chadwick, a Chilean national, has ex­ business-more than compensates for societies, governments and key eco­ tensivefleld experience. Until recently. he was the the inconveniences and lost opportu­ nomic sectors really function is a Bank's Resident Representative in Zaire. Previ­ . : ously, he managed-on secondment-SOFJDE, a nities at Headquarters. scarce and valuable commodity that developmentfinance company jointly owned by The experience gained not only en­ will continue to be in high demand. eight international banks,lFC and the public riches an individual professionally but A field position can provide staff ,!t . sector. Presently, he is a Senior Loan Officer for Argentina in the Latin America and Caribbean also becomes an essential and special members with some clear comparative Region. ingredient in his or her contribution to advantages for both career and per­ _ THE BANK'S WORLD / SEPTEMBER 1984 13 sonal growth. These arise from having will never leave me; neither will the did my role in helping define those a unique perspective within a particu­ image of a people facing many critical objectives more sharply. lar country of a great variety of devel­ problems, yet so hopeful that the situ­ There were many other donors­ · l' opment problems and issues. As a ation-described by many as hopeless multilateral, regional and bilateral­ day-to-day observer and participant, and intractable~an be turned who had important programs in the the staff member will have an oppor­ around. country. Several had large offices with tunity to better understand project I liked Zaire from the first time I set diverse expertise; nevertheless, all of work, policy issues, institutional and eyes upon it, and soon found that the them recognized the Bank as an influ­ other reforms required for social and role reserved for me presented quite a ential partner of the country. At times economic progress, including those es­ challenge. this added to the work, but the re­ sential to improving efficiency in the The Bank was perceived as a friend­ wards in terms of results-better coor­ public and private sector. ly institution with a unique capability dination. increased cofinancing-were important and concrete. Each day was different and unpre­ IThanks to a very competent and dictable. Mornings started early with the BBC World News on short-wave devoted staH, a pleasant atmosphere radio, and by 7:30 a.m. I was at the prevailed even in moments of office. The challenge was to tackle, with limited resources. a substantial dynamic tension.' amount of work arising both from within the country and from abroad and propelled by a never ending flow For those whose career objective is of translating and adapting the many of telexes. to become effective, non-bureaucratic messages of progress that the outside Thanks to a very competent and managers, the field offers the opportu­ world was conveying. Also, we were devoted staff, a pleasant atmosphere nity to do precisely that-manage trusted, and this helped in starting a prevailed even in moments of"dy­ people and resources under trying cir­ dialogue on practically all subjects namic tension." Ifwe wanted to keep cumstances where results depend pertaining to economic and social de­ productivity high, we had to make mainly on the individual and not on velopment. effective use of our time. This was the system. All positions provide We were credible not only because sometimes difficult because of the room for initiative and creativity to we agreed to finance several important many requests for appointments and the extent that one's personal imprint operations but also because we had is clear and recognizable to others. refused many projects for which op­ portunity and justification were found Fulfilling Assignments to be lacking. Over the years, I have met many colleagues who at one point in their Guidance, Advice, Follow-up careers were stationed in Africa, Asia In my assignment as Resident Rep­ or Latin America. All of them regard resentative, I dealt with a much wider service abroad as one of the most variety of people and concerns than in fulfilling assignments they have had. It Washington. Paradoxically, the work­ was a time when they could more ing relationship with Projects staff, directly contribute to the Bank's IFC, EDI and other units at Head­ efforts in a particular country. For quarters was also closer. Among the some, it involved being at the front most interesting professional interac­ line of the dialogue with our borrow­ tions were those with the visiting mis­ ers where they could effectively help sions who relied heavily on my office identify, prepare and implement Bank for guidance, advice, follow-up and operations. For others, it meant seeing logistical support for their activities in their work make a real difference in the country. improving an institution, either pri­ Very soon it became evident that vate or public, in industry, agriculture, the classical terms of reference were banking or other key areas. largely irrelevant; what was important Personally, I recall my own work in was to achieve the objectives of the the very heart of Africa. The memory Bank Group. As my knowledge of the of Africa's striking physical beauty country and its people increased, so Roberto Chadw ick meets Pope John Paul II. 14 THE BANK'S WORLD / SEPTEMBER 1984 Roberto Chadwick (seated center) and the staff of the Resident Mission. because of unscheduled visitors from port. At other times, patience and un­ con tacts wi th senior officials, and pos­ all walks of life. Senior officials, am­ derstanding were also essential, as sibilities for discussing business in an bassadors, journalists, entrepreneurs, when I was awakened well past mid­ unusual setting. consultants, students and professors night by a colleague in Washington On his first visit to Africa in 1980, could be found arriving at the office who sounded surprised by my slow the Pope was received with great en­ for advice, an opinion, information or initial reaction to a complex question. thusiasm and joy. Attending one of a simple chat. He had forgotten the six-hour time the ceremonies, I expected nothing Minicrises occurred regularly: A re­ difference between his address and more than a handshake and a smile, liable aircraft was needed to pick up a mine. Or when 10 different missions but ended up with the rare privilege of large mission stranded a thousand insisted on having separate appoint­ explaining to the pontiff The World miles away, but none was available; ments with the Finance Minister all in Bank 's program and priorities. Al­ money from Washington to keep the the same week. though his schedule was heavy, he office running had not arrived and As a rule, these crises had a happy insisted on spending some time with therefore salaries, telexes and fuel for ending: A solution was found and a me to learn about the country's devel­ the plane (which was going to pick up lesson learned. opment. our people) could not be paid; and The country granted the Bank office Now that I am back in Washington, failing telephones and telexes cut off diplomatic status, and I constantly re­ I am often asked how I survived so communications with the outside ceived invitations to ceremonies, ban­ many years abroad. Those asking me world. quets, official marriages, inaugura­ do not know how privileged I was, Sometimes courage was needed as tions, parades and state visits-more how much I enjoyed my assignments well as confidence that one's superiors than I could handle. These occasions, and what invaluable experience I at Headquarters would give full sup­ however, provided fresh information, gained . III .,t Get more for your money. One United Way Campaign pledge helps more than 200 agencies help thousands of people. THE BANK'S WORLD / SEPTEMBER 1984 15 "MY NRD-that's nonnal re­ tirement da te-is 2022 .. said the young woman, laughing. 1 "Doesn't that sound incredible? I wonder if I'll still be here." For her, at the start of her working life, the prospect of retirement is so far distant that it's hardly worth thinking about. But for other Bank staff, retirement is something they should be thinking about-and plan­ ning for. Sixty-eight staff retired or will retire this calendar year, including 22 who took advantage of the special early retirement incentive. Fifty people will reach their normal retirement date next year and 70 the year after that. By 1991, Bank staff will be retiring at the rate of about 100 a year. Sooner or later it's going to be your turn. What are you going to do? Will you be able to keep the house you have now, or would you prefer a cot­ tage in the country? If so, which coun­ try? If you're not a U.S. citizen, would you like to stay in this country ifit were possible? If you go elsewhere, what are the tax ramifications for a retired person? Will you have enough medical insurance? Do you have an up-to-date will? There are a thousand questions, and most of them don't have one simple answer. What is feasible for one per­ son may not work for someone else. Many Years of Hard Work Some of us look forward to retire­ ment as a reward after many years of hard work. Others are appalled at the prospect of what they envision as empty days and not being needed. "You really ought to start serious planning at least three years ahead of time," says Marie Rogue who was the Bank's first Retirement Planning Officer. Mrs. Rogue had been respon­ sible for developing the Bank's Pre­ Retirement Seminars which have evolved from a pilot seminar in 1983. Ideally, staff and spouses will be invited to participate in a seminar >­ .0 o three years before the staff member's o ~ c.. NRD. At the moment, though, there --------------------. 16 THE BANK'S WORLD / SEPTEMBER 1984 is quite a lot of catching up to do, wide variety of services, benefits and ing in the U.S." was the topic of the and it is only staff whose retirement pri vileges. Bank's Senior Counsel in the Legal is imminent who are being addressed. Pam Biggles started wondering Department, Alden Lowell Doud; A typical seminar takes place one about the sort of place they might then the subject of "Wills, Estate Tax­ day a week for three weeks. There buy for their retirement; she wanted ation and Estate Planning" was dis­ will have been three such seminars something big enough to accommo­ cussed by an outside lawyer, and, after during 1984. date family and friends who would a coffee bt;eak, a personal financial Take the case of a totally fictitious undoubtedly visit them in their island planner advised on "Investment Op­ British staff member, Marmaduke paradise. Would an apartment be tions." Biggles. Last May, Mr. and Mrs. Big­ best-or would she miss having a gar­ In addition, a package ofliterature gles received an invitation from An­ den? Would this be a gQod time to was given to the participants. The Big­ thony Williams, Director, Personnel sell some of the furniture? What about gles need not have attended that par­ Management Department, to partici­ electric appliances; would the record ticular afternoon since they were not pate in the June seminar. player work in Bermuda, or wherever expecting to stay in the United States, The Biggles hadn't given a great they moved to? Decisions, decisions. but they thought it would be a good deal of thought to Marmaduke's re­ She wished they had started thinking idea to explore the alternatives. The tirement; they didn't want to commit about it sooner. The time seemed to G4 visa situation could possibly themselves to anything specific too far have gone by so quickly. change in the future and perhaps they ahead of time and said they were keep­ The first day ofthe seminar was would be happier staying in the Unit­ ing their options open. They had a Wednesday, June 13. It started at 9:45 ed States which had been their home notion that they would like to live on a.m. in the H building auditorium, for 20 years, if that option became an island with a lovely climate; they'd when James A. Roan, Chief, Personal available. had some glorious holidays in Bermu­ Services, PMD, delivered the opening da. After aU, he'd worked abroad be­ remarks, followed by some words of Even More Questions fore joining the Bank and they'd been A week later the group assembled away from England for more than 30 again. They had done a substantial years; they didn't think they wanted amount of reading during the previous to live there again. When they went Some of us seven days, and now they had even on home leave they always felt like more questions. The speakers covered tourists; the country had changed so look forward to reti rement. six important topics: "Visas and Im­ much since they were young. They migration Planning"; "U .S. Social Se­ Others are curity and Medicare"; and "Medical did have a married daughter in Lon­ don, but she had her own life to lead, appalled at the prospect and Life Insurance Plans." After the and anyway they could visit her often lunch break, they learned about "Ter­ enough. Bermuda is very British and of mination Benefits and Procedures"; a bit old fashioned. It would be perfect "Retirement Outside the U.S.A."; for them. Wouldn't it? empty days and "Resettlement: 'Travel' and 'Shipment of Effects.'" Time Passing Quickly and not being needed. More literature was given to them, The Biggles accepted the invitation including copies of particular infor­ and shortly thereafter received a pack­ mation from the Personnel Manual. age of information, along with a note Since the Manual has to be returned asking them if there were any particu­ welcome from Martijn Paijmans, Vice to the Bank when the staff member lar questions they would like dis­ President, Personnel and Administra­ leaves, it is useful to have copies of cussed. Realizing that time was pass­ tion.1t was a small group of about pertinent information-meanwhile it ing quickly, they began to think about 26 people, and this kept the atmo­ saves searching through that large putting their house on the market. It sphere friendly and informal. After a binder. would need some redecorating if they coffee break the seminar began in ear­ The third day of the seminar, two were to get the best price. nest. James R. Boucher, Pension Ad­ weeks after the first, dealt with some In perusing the literature they had ministrative Officer in the Staff Retire­ more personal aspects of retirement. been sent, they discovered that The ment Plan Department, spoke and an­ Linda Shriber, a Consultant in Social . j World Bank Real Estate Counselor swered questions for nearly two hours Work from George Washington Hos­ could give them a great deal of advice about the Staff Retirement Plan. pital, discussed "Personal Adjustment and that Coldwell Banker has a "Ma­ After lunch there were three more to Retirement." Hers was a compre­ ..l ture Outlook Program" which pro­ speakers who addressed Financial hensive presentation covering every­ vides people age 55 and over with a Planning. "Taxation for Those Retir­ thing from "retirement guilt" through THE BANK'S WORLD / SEPTEMBER 1984 .17 the impact of loss of income, anxiety section of a country's embassy can over lower standard of living, loss of often provide information about local pattern of living, and volunteer work laws and business conditions. The Fis­ opportunities. A senior consultant Retirement cal Library in the Fund has a collec­ l' tion of national tax laws and treaties from the National Council on the Ag­ ing then discussed "Retirement Op­ to avoid double taxation. tions," and after lunch a physician is like a Bank project. Pam Biggles followed yet another talked about "Health in Retirement." suggestion and called the British In­ The final presentation came from a A good deal of formation Service in New York Bank retiree, Albert Waterston, who (800-223-5339) to ask for the free gave a truly inspiring talk, describing preparation is essential booklet, "Residence in Britain." To just how rewarding retirement can be. cut a long story short, they ended up By now, all the seminar participants moving to a cottage in Sussex. They before had a great deal to think about­ will be able to get up to London and especially our fictitious friends the the theaters from time to time, and Biggles. They had learned about the implementation. they are delighted at the prospect of 1818 Society and discovered that its spending more time wi th their daugh­ membership of retired staff members ter (especially since they have just comprises a network of people all learned that a grandchild is on the over the world. Wherever they settled, way). Marmaduke is busy planning a there was a good chance they would only eligible to buy houses in a very tremendous renovation of the cottage run into former staff who had shared high price range. After sitting down (he's always wanted to do something some of their Bank experiences and and talking about it together, making like that, but never had time before). could help them adjust to a new envi­ a list of pros and cons, they found Pam has an ambitious scheme for ronment. the con column much longer than the creating a Japanese garden. They have Most importantly, they realized pro. They had no friends there, and met another former Bank couple who that just because they enjoyed going Pam Biggles said she would miss going live just a few miles away, and they on holiday somewhere, it didn't neces­ to the theater often-one of her great­ are gradually building up a new set sarily follow that they'd be happy liv­ est interests. Marmaduke said it was of friends. ing there. You need to do some serious a great place to get away from every­ research before you make that kind thing, but he was afraid he would Automatically Invited of a decision. The Bank will ship your feel isolated living there, especially The Bank is trying to do its part in worldly goods to the home country, since it would be rather costly to go helping you prepare for the future. If or elsewhere if you choose (provided to England at their own expense (liv­ you are close to retirement, you will the expense is no greater than it would ing on a reduced income). Maybe they automatically be invited to a seminar. be to your home). But if you are not wouldn't be able to afford to visit Priority is being given to those closest content in your new surroundings, it their daughter often. And what if to retirement. As the program pro­ might be a very expensive proposition grandchildren came along? They ceeds, the Bank hopes to be able to for you to move again. shouldn't cut themselves off from reach staff and spouses several years family and friends. before their NRD. Bank Retirees Worldwide One of the most useful handouts All retirement stories should have The Retirement Office has a series . the participants were given was a a happy ending, but it can't be guar­ of booklets that answers many ques­ memorandum entitled, "Second An­ anteed. What is right for one person tions about living conditions in vari­ nual Tentative Preliminary Draft Par­ may not suit another. Some people ous countries; the topics include hous­ tial Checklist of Some Places You can't wait until their time is all their ing, climate, expenses, taxation, health Might Want to Look Before You own. Others dread the day. It's a bit care, and so forth. You may want to Leap into Retirement Outside the like a Bank project. A good deal of refer to these booklets. In addition, U.S." prepared.by John V. Surr of preparation is essential before imple­ the Retirement Office has been in the International Monetary Fund's mentation. touch with Bank retirees worldwide, Legal Department. The Biggles aren't real, but Mrs. asking for their input and advice, and Among the sound advice it contains Rogue, the Retirement Planning more and more information is gradu­ is the suggestion that you subscribe Officer mentioned at the beginning of ally being accumulated. to a newspaper from the locality you this story is. Whatever happened to The Biggles learned that housing are considering. This gives you some her? She became so enamored with in Bermuda is prohibitively expensive useful information about the area, in­ the idea that she opted for early retire­ for non-Bermudians; foreigners are cluding housing costs. The consular ment. II . 18 THE BANK'S WORLD / SEPTEMBER 1984 · . . And Now the S Building A glance at page 1of the Bank/IFC Telephone Directory shows that the alphabet has been used up to and including "R" in the naming of Bank buildings. The only exceptions are "J"-a building which will be erected on the corner of 18th and G Streets and "0" which will not be used as the letter could be confusing. So it stands to reason that the latest Bank acquisi­ tion will be called the "s" bui'lding. Yes, there is an "s" building to be added to the list and it is located at 1750 Pennsylvania Avenue, next to the site of the future "J" building to which it will be connected. "We have rented a large part of that building," says Frederick Kranz, Chief, Facilities Planning and Design Division of the Administrative Ser­ vices Department. "It's an excellent deal in terms of price," he continues. "We regard this as a wise, strategic move-a very good location, close to The S building. Photo by Michele lannacci the main complex." But why does the Bank need th is space? "To accommodate our imme­ Crafts Bazaar Scheduled work, pottery, needlework, ceramics, diate space needs," says Mr. Kranz, for October 13 enamelware, flowers, jewelry, brass­ "as well as moving staff from some work and embroidery. An array of other facilities that are more distant. Autumn in Washington isjust the home-cooked ethnic dishes and bever­ This is going to save a great deal of time to put the family in the car for an ages, to eat at the bazaar or to take time and be more efficient, not only excursion to the "country," and home, will be available. for the individuals who are moved, but World Bank Volunteer Services has Lottery tickets are on sale for $1 for everyone. It makes sense to have come up with the perfect excuse for an each in the Volunteer Services office, all our facilities as close to the main outing. Rm. 1-1-172. Bolivian artist Heidi complex as possible." Saturday, October 13, they will host Wilton-known professionally as The "s" building is quite suitable their first International Crafts Bazaar Heidy Landaeta-has donated one of for Bank purposes, and renovations to benefit the Margaret McNamara her colorful paintings for the first­ will be made for specific occupant re­ Memorial Fund. The Bazaar will be prize drawing. Four other door prizes quirements over the next few months. held at St. John's Episcopal Church in will be awarded. You do not have to The lease officially starts in November McLean, Virginia. The church is nes­ be present at the bazaar to win. and some staff will make the move tled in the woodsy suburbs along Weather permitting, tables will be . shortly thereafter. Which staff? The Georgetown Pike, about a half-hour's outside on church grounds, otherwise Economics and Research Staff Vice drive from the District. looK for them in the church hall. The Presidency and its departments and Volunteers have been working for festivities run from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Personnel Management and Compen­ over a year to bring their international Address: St. John's Episcopal Church, .,l sation Departments will be the occu­ handicrafts to market. Tables will fea­ 6715 Georgetown Pike (Route )93), pants. BID ture artwork, sil lk paintings, wood- McLean, Virginia. I II THE BANK'S WORLD / SEPTEMBER 1984 19 Senior Staff Appointments P. B. QUAN, a Vietnamese national, D. C. RAO, an Indian national, has · l' has been named Manager, Division been appointed Director, Resident II, in the IFC Department of Invest­ Staff in Indonesia. He joined the Bank ments, Latin America and Caribbean in 1971 as a Young Professional and I, effective July 1. Mr. Quanjoined later served as an Economist in the the Corporation in 1970 as an Invest­ Economic Program Department and ment Analyst and has worked succes­ Secretary to the Research Committee. sively in the Department of Invest­ In 1975, Mr. Rao transferred to the ments, Asia, the Investment Promo­ East Asia and Pacific Country Pro­ tion and Special Projects Department, grams Department where, in 1976, he and the Department of Investments, Africa. He was prom­ was promoted to Senior Economist. In 1977-78, he was staff oted to Senior Investment Officer in 1976, and from 1977 to director of the first World Development Report, then was on 1980 was the IFC Resident Representative for Western leave of absence in India from 1979 to 1981 where he and Central Africa, stationed in the Ivory Coast. On his worked as Special Adviser to the Reserve Bank of India. On return to Headquarters, he served as Manager of the Car­ his return to the Bank, Mr. Rao was appointed Assistant ibbean Project Development Facility, a project preparation Director, Energy Policy and Assessments, in the Energy financing unit established under the auspices ofUNDP Department. and for which IFC serves as executing agent. ENZO GRILLI has been appointed I THEODORE NKODO, a Came­ to the position of Assistant Director, roonian national who has been serving Global Studies, Economic Analysis as Deputy Chief, Agriculture Division and Projections Department. Mr. D, Western Africa Projects Depart­ Grilli, an Italian national, joined the ment, has been promoted to Chief of Bank in 1970 as an Economist in the the Coordination and Development Economics Department, after which Administration Division, Economic he served in the same capacity and as a Development Institute. Mr. Nkodo Senior Economist in the Commodities joined the Bank in 1971 through the and Export Projections Division of Young Professionals Program. Upon the same department. In 1978 Mr. Grilli resigned from the graduation from YPP, he joined the Western Africa Coun­ Bank to become Director of Research for the General try Programs Department as an Economist. He became a Confederation of Italian Industries in Rome, Italy. He Loan Officer in 1974 and in 1975 was named Advisor to returned to the Bank in 1980 as Chief of the Commodities an Executive Director, returning to Western Africa Country and Export Projections Division. Most recently, Mr. Grilli Programs Department in 1976 where he was promoted to was on leave of absence from the Bank, serving as Secre­ Senior Loan Officer in 1977. His new appointment was tary-General for Planning to the Italian Government. Mr. effective August I. Grilli's new assignment was effective August 15. JORGE A. NAVARRETE, a U.S. WILLIAM COOPER, a Canadian national, has been named Manager, national, has been named Technical Latin America and Caribbean I, in Cooperation Adviser, Projects Policy the IFC Department of Investments. Department, Operations Policy Staff. Mr. Navarrete joined the Corporation Mr. Cooper joined the Bank in 1975 in 1976, working in the Department. as a Technical Education Specialist in ofInvestments, with responsibility for the Western Africa Projects Depart­ Central America and Caribbean coun­ ment; he was promoted to Senior tries. In 1981 he became Manager of Technical Education Specialist in Division II with responsibility for Co­ 1978. In 1980 he transferred to the lombia and Central America. In Division I, he will assume Population, Health and Nutrition Department as a Senior responsibility for Mexico and Central America. His new Projects Officer, and in 1981 was appointed Resident Rep­ position was effective July I. resentative in the Resident Mission in Cameroon. His promotion was effective September 1. 20 THE BANK'S WORLD I SEPTEMBER 1984 PETER GISLE has been appointed FRANCIS J. LETHEM has been ap­ Resident Representative in Cameroon pointed Chief of the newly formed effective this month. He replaces Wil­ Institutional Development, Training liam Cooper, who has returned to and Technical Assistance Division, Headquarters.A Swedish national, Eastern Africa Projects Department. Mr. Gislejoined the Bank in 1975 as Mr. Lethem, a Belgian national, a Technical Assistance Officer in the joined the Bank in 1964 as a Young Technical Assistance Division, Inter­ Professional. In 1966 he joined the national Relations Department. In Education Pr'ojects Department as an 1977, he transferred to the Western Economist and was promoted to Dep­ Africa Country Programs Department as Loan Officer for uty Division Chief in ·1969. He served as Chief, Education the Central African Republic, Chad, Equatorial Guinea Divi~ion, Western Africa Projects Department, from 1972 and Cameroon. In 1982, he joined the Europe, Middle East until 1975 when he took sabbatical leave at the Center for and North Africa Country Programs Department as Senior International Affairs at Harvard University. Mr. Lethem Loan Officer for Morocco and Algeria. returned to the Bank as Project Policy Adviser, Projects Advisory Staff, and in 1982 was named Technical Cooper­ ation Adviser in the Policy and Review Unit of the Projects Policy Department. His appointment was effective August I. MICHAEL H. PAYSON has taken up his appointment as Resident Rep­ resentative in Ethiopia. He replaces YUKINORI WATANABE, a Japa­ Robert Maubouche, who has re­ nese national, has been appointed Di­ turned to Headq uarters as Senior De­ rector, Operations Evaluation Depart­ partmental Economist, Eastern Africa ment, effective this month. Mr. Wa­ Country Programs Department II. A tanabe has had a long and U.S . national, Mr. Payson joined the distinguished career in government Bank in 1967 as an Economist in the and related agencies. From 1964 to Africa Department. He served as an 1968 he served as Financial Attache Operations Officer/Economist in the Europe, Middle East at the Japanese Embassy in Washing­ and North Africa Department where, in 1972, he was ton, D.C. On his return to Japan, he promoted to Senior Economist. He later transferred, also was appointed Assistant Director in the Ministry ofFi­ as Senior Economist, to the Program Review Division of nance, and in 1973 he was promoted to the post of Director the Policy, Planning and Program Review Department. Mr. in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Mr. Watanabe was Payson was Senior Departmental Economist in Western seconded to the International Monetary Fund as Adviser, Africa Country Programs Department II for four years, Asian Department, from 1975 to 1978, after which he then took sabbatical leave to join the Faculty of Economics became Director-General of the Direct Taxation Depart­ at the University of Grenoble, France, in 1978. He returned ment, Tokyo Regional Tax Bureau. From 1979 to 1983 he to Washington the next year, rejoining the Western Africa was seconded to the Asian Development Bank, where he Country Programs Department II as Senior Departmental served as Director of the Budget, Personnel and Manage­ Economist. In 1981, Mr. Payson transferred to the Eastern ment Systems Department. In 1983, Mr. Watanabe assumed Africa Country Programs Department II in the same capac­ the position of Assistant Commissioner for the Internal ity. Revenue Service in Tokyo. DR. FLORENCIO M. RIBEIRO has HANI K. FINDAKLY has been ap­ joined the Medical Department as a pointed Director, Investment Depart­ . Medical Officer in the Health Room. ment. Mr. F, indakly, a U.S. national, Dr. Ribeiro, a Portuguese national, joined the Bank as a Young Profes­ has nearly 17 years medical experi­ sional in 1975. In 1976 he transferred ence. He received his medical training to the Investment Division, Treasur­ in Portugal and the United States, has er's Department, as an Investment worked in hospitals in London and Officer. He was promoted to Senior Paris, and was in private practice in Investment Officer in 1980 and was Washington, D.C. named Division Chief, Investment .t . Department, in 1981. The appointment will be effective October 1. THE BANK'S WORLD / SEPTEMBER 1984 21 Senior Staff Appointments continued F. LESLIE HELMERS has trans­ CHRISTOPHER (QUILL) HER­ l· ferred to the position of Chief, Studies MANS has been appointed Chief of Unit, Economic Development Insti­ the Regional Mission in Bangkok tute, having served as Chief, Industry effective September I. A Botswana na­ and Development Banking Division, tional, Mr. Hermansjoined the Bank EDI, since 1978. Mr. Helmers, a in 1977 as Senior Planning Advisory Dutch national, joined the Bank in Officer in the International Relations 1964 and served as a Financial Ana­ Department. In 1980, he transferred lyst in several divisions. In 1967 he was to the East Asia and Pacific Country named Agricultural Economist to the Programs Department as Senior Loan Africa Department's Permanent Mission in West Africa. Officer, where, in 1981, he was promoted to Division Chief. He returned to Headquarters at the end of 1969 to serve as Deputy Division Chief, Agricultural Industries, Agriculture Projects, and in 1970 was promoted to Chief of the same G. EDWARD SCHUH, Head of the division. In 1972, Mr. Helmers was named Chief of the University of Minnesota's Depart­ Malaysia Division. In 1978 he transferred to ED!. His new ment of Agricultural and Applied position was effective July I. Economics, has been appointed to succeed Montague Yudelman as Di­ rector of the Agriculture and Rural J. PRICE GITTINGER, a U.S. na­ Development Department. Mr. Yu­ tional, has been named Adviser, Insti­ delman will retire at the end of this tutional Development, Economic De­ month after 12 years of heading the velopment Institute. Mr. Gittinger department. Mr. Schuh, a U.S. na­ joined the Bank as an EDI Lecturer in tional, is widely known for his work on agricultural policy 1966. In 1971 he was named Chief, analysis. He has written extensively on trade and exchange Agriculture, Industry and Transporta­ rate policies and how they interact with food and agricul­ tion Division, EDI, and in 1978 he tural policies. He has served as Senior Staff Economist for became Coordinator, Training Mate­ the President's Council of Economic Advisers, as Director rials and Publications, in the Office of of the Center for Public Policy and Public Administration, the Director, ED!. In 1979 Mr. Gittinger transferred to the and as Deputy Under Secretary for International Affairs position of Coordinator, Training Materials and Publica­ and Commodity Programs in the U.S. Department of tions, in the Training Materials and Publications Unit, Agriculture. He received his Ph.D. in Economics from the ED!. His new position was effective July I. University of Chicago. Mr. Schuh's appointment will be effective December 3; in the meantime, Donald C. Pickering is Acting Director. IRVING SIRKEN, a U.S. national, has been named Adviser, Senior Poli­ The August issue includ­ ed an announcement of cy Seminars, Economic Development Oeepak Lal's appoint­ Institute, effective July 1. Mr. Sirken ment to the position of joined the Bank in 1960 as a Consul­ Research Administrator . in charge of the newly tant to be Chief Economist for a na­ created Research Ad­ tional transport survey of Argentina. ministration Unit in the In 1962 he came to Headquarters to Office of the Vice Pres­ ident, Economics and serve as a Senior Economist, Western Research Staff. The Hemisphere Operations Department, accompanying photo­ in charge of economic work on Central America and the graph showed Mahen­ dra Lal. The photograph Caribbean, and later Brazil. In 1966 he was appointed on the left is of the real Lecturer, Economic Development Institute, and in 1971 Oeepak Lal. Our apolo­ was promoted to Chief, General Development, French, gies to both gentlemen. Spanish and Education Division, ED!. During 1973-74, he took sabbatical leave and in 1974 was named Chief of the Health, Education and Urbanization Division, ED!. 22 THE BANK'S WORLD / SEPTEMBER 1984 GERRIT B.H. RENGER, a Dutch national, transferred to the position of Chief, Industry and Financial Man­ Said N. AI Habsy Ricardo Klockner agement Division, Economic Devel­ Oman Chile opment Institute, effective August I. Counsel/LEG/S/ 13 Financial Analyst/ LCP/8/19 Mr. Renger joined the Treasurer's De­ Fabian J-P. Andrews JacquelineKlopner partment of the Bank in 1962. He United States Haiti Senior Financial Secretary/ WUD/8/6 served as a Financial Analyst in Tech­ Officer/CFPD/8/16 Janet Kubalak nical Operations, Industry Division, Jill Armstrong United Sta tes and then in Projects, Water Supply United States Head, Records Unit/ PUB/8/ 1 Division, where he was promoted to Deputy Division Chief. Statistical Asst./EPD/8/2 Vivian I. Lee In 1971 Mr. Renger was named Chief, Latin America and Silvia Balderas United Sta tes United States Secretary /CUNCF/8/ 13 Caribbean Division, Development Finance Companies De­ Secretary/ AG R/8/6 Irene F. Lewin partment. Since 1972, Mr. Renger has served as Chief of the Febti Ben Slimane United States Industrial Development and Finance Division, Latin Amer­ Tunisia Secretary/ LCI /8/27 ica and the Caribbean Projects Department. Financial Analyst/WAP/8/13 Georgetta K. Moss Sylvie Binet United States Canada Nurse/ MED/8/28 MARTIN KARCHER, a French na­ Secretary/ EA2/8/6 Bernard Pasquier tional, who was Chief, Economics and Maurice Boissiere France Management Division, Economic De­ U nited States Young Professional/YPP/8/6 Manpower Planning Howard Polster velopment Institute, became Chief, Specialist/EM P/8/8 United States Urban, Water, Population and Health Nicltolas R. Burnett Personnel Officer/PMD/8/ 13 Division, EDI, effective July I. Mr. United Kingdom Vincent M. Rague Karcher joined the Bank in 1965 Country Economist/LC I /8/31 Kenya through the Young Professionals Pro­ Monica G. Fidel Young Professional/YPP/8/20 Argentina Carol C. Rosen gram. In 1966 he was seconded by the Secretary/IRD/8/ 13 United States South Asia Region to serve as a mem­ Arthur Fields Editorial Asst./PUB/8/ 1 ber of the Eastern Region Transport Survey Mission in United States Helia Rossini Calcutta, India. In 1968 he returned to Headquarters to Management Systems Peru Specialist/SVPOP1 8/1 Secretary/ EAP/8/ 13 serve as a Transportation Economist in the General Eco­ Luther Flanagan nomics Division, Transportation Projects Department, and United States Ardeshir Sassan Iran in 1971 was promoted to Deputy Chiefin that Division. Mr. Shift Supervisor/IRM/8/ 1 Management Information Karcher took sabbatical leave in 1972 to be a Fellow of the Mathurin Gbetibouo Analyst/PMD/8/31 Center for International Affairs, Harvard University. He Ivory Coast Eleanor Shannon Economist/ EPD/8/ 13 returned to the Bank in 1973 as a Senior Economist in the United States Margaret J. Georges Young Professional/YPP/8/l Resident Mission in India. In 1977 he was named Senior United States Lecturer to EDI. Yuko Miyazaki Takeucbi Publications Clerk/PUB/8/20 Japan Pushpa Gnanasundram Counsel/LEG/8/ 13 India Josue Tanaka Retirees Secretary/ADM/8/6 Brazil Young Professional/YPP/8/27 Althea Hill United Kingdom Mark D. Tomlinson Demographer/PHN/8/ I0 United Kingdom Kazem Iravani Young ProfessionaljYPP/8/27 United States Brigida Tuason Investment Officer/CEM/8/20 Philippines Emmanuel Jimenez Secretary/EA 1/8/6 Philippines Heinricb Unger Economist/ EDC/8/ 15 Austria Orsalia Kalantzopoulos Municipal Engineer/WAP/8/28 Greece Robert Wade Economist/ORO/8/ I New Zealand Sudbakar G. Kaveesbwar Research Economist/AGR/8/1 ROBERT FISHWICK PETER NAYLOR August 31 August 31 India Enrique Wetzler Management Information Argentina Analyst/ADM/8/31 Sr. Investment Officer/CL2/8/2 Jobn Kevany Anthony Zagni .1 Ireland United Kingdom Thanks to you, the United Way works for all of us. Public Health Specialist/PHN/8/3 Irrigation Engineer/ASF/8/1 THE BANK'S WORLD / SEPTEMBER 1984 23 The purpose of this column is to answer nefits of our comparators and we Bank and IFC. R.A. Clarke, Director, questions ofbroad interest concerning needed more time to analyze the com­ Compensation Department. The World BankjIFC's policies and plex mass of data. (Last year being an Question: To what extent are the re­ procedures. Because ofspace limita­ intermediate year, adjustments in our sults of the second Attitude Survey a tions, only questions ofwide interest salary structure were based on the "tool" for management? What is the can be published. If you have such a salary movements of our compara­ cost effectiveness of such surveys? Is question, send it to: Answer Line, The tors-a much less complex task.) Senior Management convinced that Bank's World, Room D-839. Also, many of our comparators who these annual exercises will result in provide the data we need do not de­ management improvements across-the­ * * * cide on their salary adjustments until board within the Bank? Question: Why are our salary increases February or later; this year, data from Answer: The Survey is a manage­ retroactive to May 1, but are reflected France and Germany, for instance, ment "tool" in the most positive sense in our pay checks only end of October? were available only in April; (b) Be­ of the word. That is, it provides line This is outrageous, because the salary . cause of policy complications, the Ex­ managers with feedback to help them increases in our comparator firms are ecutive Directors decided on the in­ identify and deal with problems. The usually paid out within a month or less creases in our salary structure only on Survey also discloses important issues after they decide on the amounts. Sure­ July 19. Managers can and did eval­ that affect the institution at large. Two ly the money allotted for our increases uate the relative contributions of their such issues currently being analyzed is invested by the Bank in the money staff before the Executive Directors' are the degree and causes of stress in market or elsewhere during this six­ decisions. But they can decide on indi­ the institution, and career develop­ month interval; this money is ours and vidual increases only after the Execu­ ment needs and aspirations among should be in our personal bank accounts tive Directors have decided on the different groups of staff. As for cost­ earning dividends for us and not for our adjustment to the salary structure, effectiveness, that depends on how employer. Since we are not compensat­ since this in turn determines the well management and staff use the ed for interest on our increases, then amount available for merit increases. potential benefits of the Survey. We why doesn't the evaluation process start By the time this was done, many man­ have already noted progress from just far enough in advance so that our in­ agers were on vacation, and it is inap­ the first two Surveys. Staffparticipa­ creases arrive at the end of May instead propriate that such important deci­ tion in both Surveys was high, and a of half a year later? sions be taken by acting managers. number of units have made substan­ Answer: We do not like the delay Incidentally, most of our U.S. com­ tial and significant changes in re­ any more than you do; we are always parator firms do not consider merit sponse to the results. The objective of seeking solutions, but sometimes there increases at the same time. Typically, an annual Survey is sustained positive are no easy ones. This year two impor­ these are spread throughout the year improvement rather than major tant factors delayed the salary increas­ based on an anniversary date. We de­ changes from year to year. Bradley O. es: (a) Adjustments in our salary struc­ cided against this approach a few Babson, Chief, Policy and Programs ture were based on a comprehensive years ago so that we could achieve Support Division, Personnel Manage­ survey of the actual salaries and be­ greater consistency throughout the ment Department. As we go to press . .. NEW HEHBER: Saint Christopher and Nevis average income per person in that same has become the 147th member of the Bank. year was about $750. Agriculture is the The country, more commonly referred to as most important sector of the nation's St. Kitts, became an independent state economy, accounting for about one-fifth of September 19, 1983. In 1982, the two the gross domestic product, and generates islands, located among the Leeward Islands one-third of total employment. Sugar in the northeastern part of the Caribbean, production is the main activity in both had a population of about 43,800. The agricultural and industrial sectors. The Bank's World, Vol. 3, No.9. Published monthly in Washington, D.C., by the Information and Public Affairs Department of The World Bank for all employees and retirees of The World Bank/International Finance Corporation. Alan Drattell, Editor; Ellen Tillier, Associate Editor; Patricia Nepomuceno, Assistant Editor; Bill Fraser, DeSigner.