E499 Volume 7 IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT GOVERNMENT OF KERALA INDIA KERALA STATE HIGHWAYS PROJECT With Inland Water Transport Pilot Project SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT PLAN of the Inland Water Transport Pilot Project October 2001 Louis Berger International, Inc. In joint venture with: Sheladia Associates, Inc. Consulting Engineering Services (I) Ltd. Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. FilE COPY 3 Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact Management Plan November 2000 | TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Annexes ii Acronyms iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iv SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT PLAN 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1.1 Introduction 1-1 1.2 Project Description 1-1 1.2.1 Project Objectives 1-2 1.2.2 Project Location 1-2 1.3 Socio-Economic Profile of the People 1-3 1.3.1 Demographic Overview 1-3 1.3.2 Social Profile 1-4 3 1.3.3 Economic Overview 1-6 2.0 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY 2.1 Social Assessment 2-1 2.2 Preliminary Social Assessment 2-1 2.3 Scoping Session 2-2 2.4 Local Consultations 2-2 2.5 Field Surveys 2-2 3.0 MINIMISING NEGATIVE SOCIAL IMPACTS 3.1 Design Principles and Approach 3-1 | 3.2 Results of Minimising Negative Impacts 3-1 4.0 RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION POLICY AND LAND ACQUISITION | 4.1 Principles of Project R&R Policy 4-1 4.2 Support Prnciples for Impact Categories 4-2 5.0 PARTICIPATION AND CONSULTATIONS 1 5.1 The Consultation Process 5-1 5.2 Design Response to Stakeholder and Community Concerns 5-3 6.0 MITIGATING MEASURES 6.1 Positive Impacts 6-1 6.2 Negative Impacts 6-2 6.3 Benefit Enhancement 6-2 I 7.0 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 7.1 Project Implementation Unit 7-1 7.2 Implementation Roles and Responsibilities 7-1 I 8.0 GRIEVANCE REDRESS 8.1 The Grievance Redress Process 8-1 8.2 Flow Chart of the Grievance Redress Process 8-2 C 9.0 BUDGET 9.1 Cost Estimates 9-1 10.0 MONITORING AND EVALUATION X 10.1 The Monitoring Process 10-1 10.2 Monitoring Indicators 10-1 I Louis Berger International/Sheladia Associates/CES/ICT -1i- Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact Management Plan November 2000 Annex 1 Proposed Rehabilitation Works on the Canals Annex 2 Canal Fronting Structures by Project Chainage and LGU 3 (Tables A-1 to A-4) Annex 3 Field Survey Proforma Annex 4 Kerala Inland Water Transport Project: Rehabilitation and Resettlement: Principles and Policy Framework Annex 5 Project Description and Public Information Pamphlet l I l l l I I I I~ ~ LusBre neainlSeai soitsCSIT-i U Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact Management Plan November 2000 ACRONYMS AC - Alappuzha - Changanassery cbm - Cubic Meter CSIND - Coastal Shipping and Inland Navigation Department I EFYP - Eight Five Year Plan (1992-1997) GDR - Gross Domestic Product I GOI - Government of India GOK - Government of Kerala IHFL - High Flood Level ID - Irrigation Department IWAI - Inland Waterways Authority of India i IWT - Inland Water Transport KSINC - Kerala Shipping & Inland Navigation Corporation KV - Kottayam - Vaikom LBI - Louis Berger International Inc. =3 MSL - Mean Sea Level NATPAC - National Transportation Planning and Research Centre NYFP - Ninth Five Year Plan (1997-2002) O-D - Origin - Destination | PCC - Project Coordination Consultant PIA - Project Influence Area 3 PWD - Public Works Department SDP - State Domestic Product 3 SIMP - Social Impact Management Plan SWTD - State Water Transport Department TOR - Terms of Reference WB - The World Bank | WCC - West Coast Cannal Louis Berger InternationaVSheladia Associates/CES/ICT iii l 3 Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact Management Plan November 2000 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report comprises the Social Impact Management Plan (SIMP) prepared for the Inland Water Transport Pilot Project. The need for a Resettlement Action Plan was obviated, as the proposed rehabilitation works of the pilot waterways does not displace or otherwise adversely affect any individual, family, or group. This report complies with the World Bank (Operational Directive 4.30: Involuntary Resettlement and Operational Directive 4.20: Indigenous Peoples) and Government of Kerala (Kerala Inland Water Transport Project: Rehabilitation and Resettlement - Principles and Policy Framework) requirements and agreements. It will be submitted by the GOK Irrigation Department to the World Bank for clearance as a prerequisite of project appraisal. It will also be submitted to the GOK Department of Science, Technology, and Environment for review as a component of the project's Environmental Management Action Plan. The report packages the recommendations of the project's social assessment. It documents the processes by which the stakeholder, user, beneficiary, and impacted group participation have been mainstrearned in project preparation and which were anticipated in project implementation. It demonstrates how potential negative impacts of the project have been minimized in the project design. The Report shows that the project rehabilitation planned over approximately 152 km of canal banks will require no land acquisition. The project will cause no displacement and, therefore, no resettlement is involved. No significant negative impacts resulting in other asset or income loss to individuals or households have been identified by the assessment, and communities residing along and served by the canals included in the pilot project are expected to receive many benefits from their rehabilitation. Social assessment also suggests that positive impacts of the project can be expanded. Local participation in project benefits can be increased and the social development contribution of the project enhanced through the inclusion of low-cost measures that complement project objectives, such as the introduction of septic latrines for the "below poverty line" population and providing bath enclosures for maintaining the privacy of the women using the canal bdanks. | The Report provides for enhancing local access to and participation in project benefits. It specifies institutional arrangements, implementation actions, a budget, and monitoring criteria. If, during the implementation of the project, any adverse impact emerges and people face losses, the SIMP will be updated to provide for support to the affected families according to the principles developed in the R&R policy. Louis Berger Intemational/Sheladia Associates/CES/ICT iv l Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Irnpact Management Plan November 2000 * 1 Introduction And Project Description | 1.1 Introduction The Government of Kerala (GoK) has requested the assistance of the World Bank (the 3 Bank) for the improvement of State highways, known as the Kerala State Highways Project. The project also involves a pilot waterways component - the Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project - which addresses the potential contribution of the waterways to improve the State's transport sector. The State Irrigation Department will be the executing agency for the waterway project. On behalf of the GoK, the Project Coordinating Consultants (PCC) have undertaken studies and other activities to prepare the Inland Water Transport pilot Project for potential Bank funding. This Social Impact Management Plan (SIMP) documents the mitigating measures for the project affected persons due to the proj ect. The SIMP follows the World Bank requirements and the provisions of the recently adopted Kerala Inland Water Transport Project, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Principles and Policy Framework. It has been based on a thorough social impact assessment. 1.2 Project Description The Kerala road system is becoming increasingly less able to meet the increased transport demand, resulting in delays in traffic movement and increased road traffic accidents. It represents a drain on the economy and inhibits development potential. Projected improvement of the State highways alone, however, may not reduce road congestion significantly unless other alternatives are also considered. Inland water transport in Kerala was a dominant part of the State's transport system until relatively recently, but fell into disuse due to poor maintenance dredging, upkeep of inland water transport facilities and competition from rail and road transport. The waterway share of the State's total traffic has declined to about 1% in recent years. At the same time, traffic on existing roads has increased to near saturation levels with a high degree of pollution, congestion, and accidents. Studies suggest that the current imbalance in the share of road and waterway traffic could be reduced to some extent by rehabilitating the inland water transport (IWT) system. An improved IWT system could provide more economical and environmentally friendly competition to road transport and lead to a sharing of a larger volume of traffic in the coastal belt. The IWT improvements could also support efforts to further develop international tounrsm based on the rich backwater resources of the State. The IWT canal system is very closely tied into the irrigation and drainage regime of vast areas of paddy cultivation situated around the project canals. There is, therefore, a very complex interdependence between the transport and agricultural benefits of maintaining the present system. The proposed project, however, could have required much additional land, the acquisition of which would have disturbed the existing social and economic balance. Louis Berger Internationat/Sheladia Associates/CES/ICT 1-1 Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact Management Plan November 2000 The project planners have, therefore, limited the waterways improvement activities to take place within the existing land available to the State Irrigation Department. By this action the project ensures that there will be no adverse social impacts on any individual, household or the community. 1.2.1 Project Objectives In a major effort to encourage use the of waterways in Kerala, the Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI), the Central Government agency responsible for development of the national waterway system, is implementing channel and terminal improvements on the segment of West Coast Canal between Kollam and Cochin. When completed, the improvements are expected to remove the main constraints to bulk cargo movements on this section of the system. The objectives of the IWT Pilot Project are: * To promote greater use of the natural resources of inland waterways in Kerala as a more economical and enviromnentally friendly mode of transport and as an integral part of the State's transport network, with private sector and community participation; and * To use the experience gained through the pilot project to prepare a master plan for the revival of the inland water transport sector. The prime strategy of the proposed project is to rehabilitate the inland water transport infrastructure in collaboration with the private sector, which will provide and operate the passenger, cargo, and other vessels that will utilize the IWT system. 1.2.2 Project Location The project canals are located in two districts, Alappuzha and Kottayam, but since the State canals are directly linked to the National Waterway-III and the West Coast Canal (WCC), the project will have a secondary impact area in neighbouring districts, especially in Ernakulam, which includes Cochin, the major IWT terminal. The- main developments envisaged under the pilot project are the rehabilitation of approximately 104 km of feeder canals in Alappuzha and Kottayam Districts connecting with the National Waterway system. The feeder canals selected for improvement are indicated in the following table and shown in the location map, Exhibit 1-1. Table 1.1: Feeder Canals Selected For Rehabilitation | ~~~~~1 Alappuzha - Kottayam AK canal 32 2 Alappuzha - Changanassery AC canal 32 * ~~~~~3_ Kottayam - Vaikom KV canal 40 I The proposed works include rehabilitating existing jetties and constructing 16 new jetties on the KV canal, 3 new jetties on the AK Canal, 9 new jetties on the AC Canal and Louis Berger Intemational/Sheladia Associates/CES/ICT 1-2 I I N ~~~~~~~KE-RALA STATE 4 ~~~~~~~~12 12- INDIA EXHIBIT 1.1 LOCATION MAP OF PROJECT CANALS WITH RESPECT TO INDIA & KERALA STATE Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact Management Plan November 2000 constructing two new terminals at Kottayam and Changanassery. Jetties are required for the "landing" of cargo and for the people to embark and disembark. These are typically constructed on water, a simple square concrete platform on piles, with two levels to cater for water level variations (Photo 1-1). Photo 1-1: A tvpical jetty The Kottayam-Vaikom canal includes I sections of the Alappuzha-Kottayam canal and Kottayam-Vaikom canal, | - . - both meeting at the Kanjiram Junction I - (Exhibit 1-1). Of the proposed 16 new jetties on the KV Canal, 3 are located on the AK section and 13 are on the KV section. In the main towns, at the end of each waterway, terminals are required for consolidation of cargo and loading of the vessels. Passenger facilities, including utilities and waiting rooms are proposed in the terminals. The project for the National Waterway III will accommodate the terminal designs and construction in Alappuzha and Vaikom, the facilities in Kottayam and Changanassery will be constructed as part of this project. Land is required for the construction of the terminals and this is available with the State Irrigation Department at both the locations. Annex 1 describes the proposed rehabilitation works on these canals. 1.3 Socio-Economic Profile of the People 1.3.1 Demographic Overview India is made up of 25 States and seven Union Territories out of which Kerala is the tenth largest in population. With more than 30 million peoplet, Kerala houses 3.44% of the national population. The area of the State, approximately 38,800 sq krn, is only 1.2% of the nation's area and its population density of 749 persons/sq km, is almost three times greater than the national average. Despite being one of the most densely populated States, the 10-year population growth rate (1981-1991) in Kerala was 14.36%, significantly less than the national average of 23.89%. Considering only two districts, Alappuzha and Kottayam, in which project improvements will occur, the beneficiary population is slightly more than 3.8 million, about 13% of Kerala's population. The social assessment conducted for the project did not identify any 2 tribal population. The land area of these two districts is more than 3600 km , about 9.3% of the State's total. A demographic profile of this Project Area is shown in Table 1.2. 3 Women beneficiaries outnumber men. Kerala has the distinction of being the only Indian State with a sex ratio that shows a surplus of women. In 1991, there were 1036 | t Population figures, unless otherwise indicated, are based on 1991 Census figures. Demographers suggest that the decennial rate of increase in Kerala is approximately 9.42%. Figures mentioned above should be increased by this amount to calculate the estimated 2001 populations. Louis Berger Intemational/Sheladia Associates/CES/ICT 1-3 - - m - m m - - m - m - - - - - - TABLE 1.2: PROJECT AREA DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE ~CanaI WUno DIstrict~ P ~ aluk , Pop$* gD BI:ckiS P0 Munto1 ally. Io WEll jWPancha ?it" P AK Kerala 29,098,518 Alappuzh 2,001,217 Ambalappuzha 407,722 Aryad 110,761 Alappuzha 264,969 51,417 Kuttanad 210,004 Champakullan 123,317 Kainakari 21,160 4,050 ________ ________ Veliyinad 89,967 Pulinkunnu 23,667 4,529 ._____ _Kottayam 1,828,271 Kottayam 586,044 Pallom 234,403 Kavalam 14,427 2,834 Kumarakam 22,232 4,510 _ _______ .______ .______ _______ __________ _______ ___________ _______ _______ Thiravarpu 27,195 5,414 Kotta am 63,155 12,8691 AKtIi 209;Q84150 8? W21488 M 3 14q203770 ,: 558Q148; 28 4 64~8 PtWi31g- 108.681 21937 AC Kerala 29,098,518 Alappuzha 2,001,217 Ambalappuzha 407,722 Aryad 110,761 Al;appuzha 264,969 51,417 _______ _______ _______ Kuttanad 210,004 Champakullan 123,317 Kainakari 21,160 4,050 ________ ________ ____________ ________ Veliyanad 8Veliyanad 89,967 Pulinkunnu 23,667 4,529 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Ka v a la m 11 4 4 2 7 2,8 3 4 _ ______ _______ __________ __________ _______ ___________ _______ Veliyanad 13,526 2,568 _______Kottayam 1,828,271 Changanasse 322,391 Madappally 193,481 Vazhappally 32.118 5,897 Chanaanassen 218,890 10,087 ¢!~To.*~ ~94098~1 ;488 We:' 940A1 1 7 5i1i:526 1l 4tA83,8590 11 w34 A 6 6 104,898 '1l 9,87.8 KV Kerala 29,098,518 Kottayam 1,828,271 Kottayam 586,044 Pallom 234,403 Kottayam 63,155 12,869 ._______ ___________ Thiravarpu 27,195 5,414 ________ _________ Etumanoor 190,836 _ _ _ _= _ Kumaranelloor 39,041 7,657 ___________ ._______ Aymanam 32,566 6,650 Arpookkara 21,584 4,297 _______ Vaikom 295,218 Vaikom 117,754 Vechoor 16,013 3,271 ___________ _______ ._______ Thalayazam 19,488 3,859 __.___ _ ___.__ T.V. Puram 18,85 3.610 Vaikom 21,788 4,309 KVThtM 29t098~i8 'I 1~8Z6,27W, , 2 2881,262 542,993 2 84943 81 78 8 91 74 744 4,V78 Pr 2t0 QI~,I ,O98 .... 8 &e2 3.988'. 5 1i,8213-9 f 1.060,5-19 A 56.8B04 . 79:7 37.4i 59441 Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Resettlement Action Plan Page 1 of 1 Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact Management Plan November 2000 women for every 1000 men in Kerala, against an all India figure of 927. The project area shows figures proportional to the State's. 1.3.2 Social Profile The overall population in the reclaimed block area and along the waterways is relatively small. Many of the panchaya12 areas served by project canals are isolated and lack transport modes other than the waterways. Where settlements have developed, for example at key junctions like Kanjiram and along the rivers, populations are concentrated and densities are quite high. Often confined to the breadth of narrow bunds, waterway communities are crowded along canal banks, and land is extremely scarce. In many cases, housing and other standards are below the average levels for the State. I While all Kerala housing construction figures indicate about 56% pucca (high construction standard), 19% semi-pucca (moderate construction standard), and 25% kutcha (mud and thatch), the canal-fronting population, particularly in the panchayat a areas, exhibits a higher percentage of semi-pucca construction. Surveys also enumerated several dozen temporary shelters along canal banks in the reclaimed block areas housing migrant agricultural labourers. Household electrification is higher than the Kerala average of 48%, but some more remote areas remain without service. Generally, waterway communities are less well off than their mainland neighbours. Although they enjoy many of the benefits of the progressive social development policies in Kerala, their access to services and especially to safe water and sanitation are more limited. While literacy is high in the Kuttanad region3 at 93%0, only 45% of the population has a school-leaving certificate. Social assessment surveys indicated that in addition to 2276 houses along the three canal banks, the canal front communities include 303 other bank-side buildings. These include numerous schools, temples, churches, mosques, hospitals, shops and commercial properties, pump-sheds and agro-industrial enterprises. People living along the banks of the canals depend on the waterway primarily to carry out their day-to-day existence, such as bathing, washing clothes, retailers selling their wares from their boats, collecting spoil to build bunds, and transport. Bunds and canal embankments are of vital importance both as living space for the communities and as structures that prevent undesired flooding and regulate water levels within the extensive cropped areas during the growing season. To protect their property and houses, residents build additional temporary sidewalls to increase the height of bank protection around them during the monsoon period. 2Apanchayat is the lowest level of administration in India. It is an elected local self-governing body, 3which actually means an association of five persons, usually village elders. Alappuzha and Kottayam districts are mainly lowland areas characterized by lagoons, backwaters, rivers and artificial canals. Much of this region is the renowned rice basket of the State, the Kuttanad, with fertile soils of high water holding capacity and nutrients that are regularly replenished during floods. Louis Berger International/Sheladia Associates/CES/ICT 1-4 Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact Management Plan November 2000 This waterways pilot project, therefore, is expected to benefit the local people in the form of providing an efficient means of transport and opening up economic avenues for those to be engaged in the waterways transport and maintenance activities. Gender dimensions of waterway use are important in the project area. Men and women use and interact with canals and inland waterways in different spheres. As indicated above, women's roles bring them frequently to canal banks for washing, laundry and many other household tasks. Both men and women use the waterways for bathing. Fishing, sand mining and other occupations bring men into contact with inland waters, as does bank and bund repair, another male activity. Both men and women are involved in agricultural labour in the Kuttanad paddies, although their roles differ. A high proportion of women work as agricultural labourers. Members of the Scheduled Castes (SC) comprise nearly 10% of Kerala's population. Alappuzha and Kottayam districts, at 9.5% and 7.4% respectively, are below the State I average. The SC proportion is higher than average in some places of the project area. These include Vaikom and Vechoor. The distribution of the canal-front population and structures for the entire project is shown in Table 1.3. The canal length to be rehabilitated and the density of canal-side population and structures vary considerably within the project area. Approximately 77% U of all project-proposed canal rehabilitation occurs within the first ten panchayats. Four panchayats, Thiravarpu, Kainakari, Kavalam, and Pulinkunnu, account for nearly half of the canal lengths included in the entire project. These panchayats are served by more i than one of the three canals. The largest canal-front populations are settled in Thiravarpu and Kavalam, closely followed by Alappuzha and Kottayam Municipalities. Greatest densities of houses and all structures occur in the short Changanassery segment of the AC Canal (321km) and in Aimanam Panchayat (24.7/km). Table 1.3: Canal Fronting Houses And Other Structures by LGU4 3 I Alappuzha 17 19.2 20.8 32 26 353 2 Kainakari 18 10,1 11.3 182 22 204 3 Pulinlcunnu 15.4 5.5 7.1 85 24 109 4 Kumarakam 3.3 6.1 7.9 20 6 26 5 Kavalam 16.4 19.3 22.7 317 55 372 6 Thiravarpu 18.3 18.3 20.9 334 47 381 3 7 Kottayam 14.5 19.1 21.7 | 277 37 314 8 Veliyanad 10.8 17.4 19.2 188 19 207 9 Vazhappally 6 17.0 18.3 102 8 110 loChanganassery 1 32.0 42.0 32 10 42 11 Kumaranellor 5.1 9.0 10.4 46 7 53 12 Aimanam 10.1 24.7 27.1 249 25 274 13 Arpookara 9.2 12.7 14.6 117 17 134 Total 145.05 15.7 17.8 2276 303 2579 4 LGU = Local Government Unit, includes both the municipal and panchayat areas. Louis Berger International/Slieladia Associates/CESlICT 1-5 l Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact Management Plan November 2000 If the local municipal canal bank population is combined with the estimated ward level population in the impacted panchayats, it yields an estimated primary potentially affected population of 92,370 representing 18,128 households. Of these, 2276 households and approximately 11,500 persons resident upon the banks of project canals are potentially the most directly affected. Canal-front residences and other structures are greatest in number in the Alappuzha, Thiravarpu, and Kottayam stretches. Altogether, almost 750 houses and other structures including shops, schools, religious institutions, pump-houses, and other buildings line the canal banks over their approximate length of 23 km. Canal fronting structures are detailed by project chainage in Annex 2, Table A-I to A-3 and summarized by local government unit in Annex 2, Table A-4. 1.3.3 Economic Overview Macro-economic indicators place Kerala below all India levels in income and show income differentials in the districts within the Project Area. Per capita income in Kerala at current prices was estimated at Rs. 9066/- for 1996-97, with an annual growth rate of 8.9%. The State lags behind the national average, with the 1996-1997 gap being approximately 18.5%. District level income data for the Project Area at current prices from 1993-94 to 1996-97 is sumnmarized in the following table. In economic and other measures, Alappuzha generally ranks behind Kottayam and the State, and it is often considered a depressed area largely bypassed by development. Of the two project districts, Alappuzha is less developed when measured by per capita income and its annual growth rate is below the State average. Kottayam is above the State average in both measures. Table 1.4: Per Capita Income In Project Area Districts JPe=rACapita,ncome (Rs.? - Growth- _________ .1993194 1994I9 1995196E |19961971T Rate, Alappuzha 5736 6852 7461 8081 8.3 Kottayam 6155 7548 8322 9105 9.4 Kerala 6524 7597 8324 9066 8.9 India 7060 8282 9578 10771 12.4 (Source: GoK, Economic Review 1997, State Planning Board, Trivandrum) Paddy is virtually the only crop grown in the bunded fields of the Kuttanad and the poor drainage conditions make most of the land unsuitable for other production. Coconut is grown on the bunds and higher areas and in some cases, in plantations on reclaimed land. The main paddy crop in the Kuttanad is the punja (grown only once in a year). The crop is grown in the early part of the dry season, from November to March. There is little industrial development in the project districts and the number of large and medium industries relative to other Kerala districts is low. The several dozen enterprises at this scale present are dwarfed by those in neighbouring Ernakulam, the commercial and industrial centre of the State. With the international Cochin Port, Emakulam is the dominating origin and destination for goods transported in Alappuzha and Kottayam. Louis Berger InternationalVSheladia Associates/CES/ICT 1-6 Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact Management Plan November 2000 The economic structure of Kerala and Project Area districts is profiled in the following table. Table 1.5: Economic Structure Of Project Area Districts (1997/98) k :i2>UIndC 4la uzha *Kotta yatm Kerala - Primary Agriculture 24.9 46.1 32.6 Forestry and logging 0 0.1 0.9 Fishing 4.1 0.3 2.5 Miing and quarrying 0.1 0.1 0.2 , Subtotal 29.1 46.6 36.2 Secondary I Manufacturing 13.9 4.2 13.5 Electricity, gas & water 1.2 1.2 1.1 Construction 8.9 2.8 9.2 Terlar-y Subtotal 24.0 8.2 23.8 - ~~~Tertiarv ____ _____ Transport, cormmunication 8.0 9.6 8.2 Trade, hotels, restaurant 17.5 14.2 13.7 Banking & Insurance 7.9 8.3 7.3 Real estate, housing - - - Public Administration 4.8 4.7 4.1 Other Services 8.7 8.4 6.7 Subtotal 46.9 45.2 40.0 Total | 100 100 100 Source: Kerala Economic Review, 1998 Those industries that are located in the project area are mainly agro-based, consisting of various types of rubber processing in the east and coconut processing plants in the west. Figures show the number of medium and heavy industrial units as being higher in Alappuzha, although employment in these sectors is significantly greater in Kottayam, indicating the difference in size and nature of industry between the two districts. Alappuzha is traditionally a centre of the coir industry in Kerala, with 158 of the 550 * production plants in the State and a total production of approximately 15,000 tons of various coir products per annum. Coconut husk retting is a widespread home industry in the area supporting the manufacturing of coir products. Table 1.6 shows employment and income pattems of the canal banks area population. Agricultural labour is the predominant form of employment throughout the canal region and within this, females dominate in number over the males in all but two panchayats. Other important livelihood activities include livestock forestry, fishing, sand mining, manufacturing processing servicing, construction work, trade and commerce, and transport storage and communications. l Louis Berger Intemational/Sheladia Associates/CE S/ICT 1-7 l - - --- - - - - -- - - - - - - - TABLE 1.6: ECONOMIC ACTIVITY PROFILE OF SELECTED PROJECT AREA PANCHAYATS Farmers 12.24 7.25 11.56 6.25 10.17 10.54 9.58 9.78 7.71 916 3.77 7.15 7.89 7.71 Male 14.22 8.80 13.67 7.57 1521 16.05 13.86 12.0 11.57 13.31 4.34 9.98 11.06 11.71 Female 5.56 2.35 4.21 1.45 2.36 30.01 1.28 0.97 23.12 1.84 1.06 0.92 2.37 0.80 Agricultural labourers 25.54 33.12 35.94 37.14 16.10 62.82 61.76 36.54 58.76 53.82 25.40 38.61 17.26 33.01 Male 22.42 25.57 30.35 28.07 50.17 47.70 48.62 33.20 46.71 42.42 22.42 15.22 21.64 33.92 Female 36.09 57.08 55.35 70.16 90.66 89.42 87.23 49.65 83.25 73.94 39.74 74.70 9.60 31.45 Workers involved in Live Stock forestry, fishing, hunting and plantation orchards and allied activities 9.24 5.23 4.18 5.86 4.80 4.65 4.24 1.09 3.64 8.04 2.54 16.61 7.91 7.19 Male 10.13 6.48 6.42 7.18 7.83 7.21 6.43 1.23 5.30 11.92 2.94 23.17 11.61 1.47 Female 6.24 1.26 0.58 1.06 0.09 015 0.54 0.28 1.20 0.58 2.23 1.45 1.52 Mining and Quarrying workers 0.99 0.27 3.39 0.10 1.20 0 54 0.27 0.21 0.49 0.15 0.15 2.47 1.32 0.20 Male 1.07 0.36 0.50 0.12 1.98 0.84 0.41 0.26 0.74 0.21 0.16 3.56 2.07 0.32 Female 0.72 0.05 0 05 0.08 Workers involved in manufacturing processing servicing and repairs other than household 11.59 10.37 8.22 8.12 1.94 2.58 2.87 7.45 3.97 3.95 21.54 4.83 17.74 8.38 Male 10.65 12.71 9.37 9.56 3.10 3.97 4.17 8.84 5.71 4.95 24.33 6.54 13.17 6.16 Female 14.78 2,91 4.21 2.90 0.13 0.10 0.36 1.99 0.43 2.81 8.13 1.09 25.72 12.21 Construction workers 4.00 3.68 5.68 3.68 0.75 1.96 1.32 3.02 1.40 1.82 4.46 1.76 3.30 1.93 Male 4.91 4.74 7.23 4.58 1.24 3.08 2.01 3.70 2.03 2.82 5.35 2.45 5.16 2.97 Female 0.94 0.30 0.32 0.39 0.32 0.12 0.05 0.21 0.25 0.04 0.13 Trade and commerce workers 12.64 14.52 11.51 15.60 4.18 5.82 5.79 16.00 8.04 8.86 14.19 11.24 11.43 11.86 Male 15.03 17.40 13.31 18.99 6.43 8.14 8.21 19.02 11.08 10.98 15.62 13.89 13.34 15.10 Female 4.59 5.40 5.25 3.35 0.69 1.74 1.09 4.13 1.85 5.11 7.34 5.55 8.10 6.34 storage and commuedinications 5.99 5.57 4.22 4.73 1.48 1.5 2.67 7.37 2.23 2 8.4 3.66 2.99 3.09 Male 7.32 6.82 5.04 5.85 2.37 2.15 3.79 9.03 3.27 2.95 9.62 5.14 4.57 4.8 Female 1.5 1.61 1.36 0.67 0.09 0.36 0.49 0.86 0.12 0.32 2.53 0.42 0.25 0.13 workers involved in other services 15.1 18.77 16.03 17.65 8.51 8.64 10.3 16.91 11.86 9.78 18.43 12.56 12.51 11.93 Male 12.66 15.74 12.7 17.35 10.24 9.53 10.85 10.97 11.22 9.73 14.06 11.96 13.6 13.25 Female 23.65 28.39 27.61 18.7 5.821 7.06 9.24 40.2 13.17 13.26 39.42 13.87 10.59 9.64 Kerala Inland water Transpon Pilot Project Resettlement Action Plan, Table 1 e Page I of i Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact Management Plan November 2000 2 Methodology Of The Study 2.1 Social Assessment This Chapter describes the process of social assessment carried out during project preparation. It discusses the measures taken to encourage informed public participation in project planning including involvement of project affected groups and local Governments in RAP preparation. Assessment results were considered with technical and economic feasibility findings in the final determination of waterway improvements. The results of incorporating social inputs are described in the following chapter. The assessments also contributed to the preparation of social action plans governing project implementation and the mitigation of adverse social impacts. Social assessments of the project examined the potential impact of proposed project actions on the social environment, particularly those communities and households directly affected by waterway improvements. Attention was directed to potential negative impacts associated with physical relocation, loss of land or other physical assets, and loss of access to livelihood. Of particular concern were potential impacts on Scheduled Tribes, Scheduled Castes, and other marginal or vulnerable groups including the Other Backward Castes, widows and women-headed households. Social assessments complied with appropriate national and local laws and guidelines, and with World Bank policy directives. Minimizing resettlement, displacement of populations, and other negative social impacts were important criteria both in determining alignments and in final selection of project alternatives. This Report is based on the social assessments. The social assessment process featured internal and external scoping activities, field appraisals and investigations, collaboration with the Irrigation Department and GOK to prepare a policy framework governing social impacts and resettlement and rehabilitation, and a variety of consultations with stakeholders, beneficiaries and affected communities. Key issues and concerns identified in the consultation process are discussed in Chapter 5. 2.2 Preliminary Social Assessment A preliminary social assessment was carried out in September 1999 soon after the inception of project preparation. It involved an initial internal scoping of potential issues and concerns based on the review of project materials and preliminary plans, review of available secondary information, and meetings and interviews with project authorities and knowledgeable persons. It also included reconnaissance-level field surveys of the pilot project canals. Findings of the preliminary social assessment were reported in the IWT Monthly Progress Reports and the IWT Pilot Project Draft Feasibility Report submitted in October 1999. Louis Berger Intemational/Sheladia Associates/CES/ICT 2-1 l 3 Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact Management Plan November 2000 1 2.3 Scoping Sessions In addition to internal scoping, social issues and concerns associated with the IWT Pilot 3 Project were considered in a comprehensive external scoping exercise carried out in conjunction with stakeholder consultations and workshops. 5 Detailed project informnation was prepared and distributed to nearly 200 NGOs, government agencies, university and research institute experts, and other interested parties, and they were invited to take part in or provide information to Scoping Workshops organized by the PCC under the PWD and ID sponsorship. 1 2.4 Local Consultations An essential feature of the social assessment process was consultation with local experts and stakeholders, particularly those potentially project-affected persons and communities who will be most directly impacted by project actions. Social and environmental scientists and others in the Kerala academic and research sector and government I organizations were among experts that were requested to contribute to assessment of project impacts. Identified stakeholders included the public, commercial and industrial waterway-users, communities and local governments along canals proposed for * rehabilitation, State and Centre development and regulatory agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and others with a 'stake' or interest in the project. Stakeholder perspectives and concerns were solicited and addressed through consultations and a variety of participatory- and action-research approaches. 1 2.5 Field Surveys Social assessments made use of data gathered in topographical, hydrological, and other engineering field surveys and studies. Preliminary social census and survey of canal front households and structures were carried out along the project canals. Results of these exercises, including preliminary house and structure counts by project chainage and for each affected local government unit are provided in Annex 2. | Detailed census and survey instruments were developed but adoption of project designs that eliminated the need for canal widening and-minimized the project corridor of impact made their deployment unnecessary. A variety of Rapid Rural Appraisal techniques were 3 utilized in a series of field visits to the Project Area. These included semi-structured interviews and informnal consultations and focus group discussions with canal residents, users, and affected groups. The semi-structured interview format is provided in Annex 3. l Louis Berger Intemational/Shieladia Associates/CES/ICT 2-2 3 Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact Management Plan November 2000 3 Minimising Negative Social Impacts 3.1 Design Principles And Approach Social dimensions of waterway use and impacts of proposed project improvements upon them were important considerations in the feasibility analysis and in the selection of engineering design alternatives. The design approach also emphasised the incorporation of local insights, indigenous technologies and user perspectives. This was accomplished without any sacrifice of project objectives or compromise of standards. Key elements of this design approach included: * Avoiding impacts on bunds and canal embankments; * Enhancing protection of canal front property and canal-side agriculture; | Preserving scenic aspects and aesthetics; * Maintaining resident access; * Minimizing dredging volumes and impacts; | Employing traditional technologies; and * Respecting local sensitivities. 3.2 Results of Minimising Negative Impacts As a result of mainstreaming participation of beneficiaries and potentially affected persons and a socially responsive design process, the project incorporates measures that significantly avoid, reduce, or otherwise mitigate adverse social impacts potentially I associated with development of the IWT system in the project area. It also includes features that enhance project benefits for canal-side residents. 3 The extent to which negative impacts have been minimized in project design is illustrated in the following table. Analysis indicates that canal widths initially considered in proposed improvements would have resulted in major land acquisition and significant * displacement of canal bank residents, businesses, religious institutions, schools, hospitals, and other public buildings I To upgrade project canals to national IWT standards would affect more than 17 km of the project, require land acquisition of more than 12 ha, and adversely impact more than 800 households, many of whom would be displaced. Even at a channel width of 20 m length, land acquisition and households affected remain substantial. Current project designs, in contrast, require no land acquisition for widening and affect no households. I In this way, the project has made a maximum effort to minimise negative social impacts. As a result of integrating social issues in project preparation, displacement and the need to resettle and/or rehabilitate affected households and persons have been completely avoided. Louis Berger Intemational/Sheladia Associates//CES/ICT 3-1 l l 3 ~~~~Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact Management Plan November 2000 Table 3-1: Effects Of Minimising Negative Social Impacts Through Design Modifications 3 Length Affected (kmn) 5.4 2.1 .6 O Land Acquisition (sq m) 51,500 4,600 500 0 PAP Households 312 81 23_ _ 0 3 Total Structures 314 87 23 0 PAP Households (One side 148 21 5 0 * ~~~widening). 3 Total Structures Affected 161 22 5 1 (One side widening) Length Affected (km) 10. .7 .3 .3 Land Acqluisition (sq n) 18,000 3,400 2,250 O PAP Households 141 47 22 0 Total Structures 155 51 2 0 PAP Households (One side 66 222 11 0 widening) Total Structures Affected 68 23 12 0 (One side widening) Length Affected (km) 10.2 1 .9 0 Land Acquisition (sq m) 59,700 5,100 3,150 0 PAP Households 300 37 24 0 Total Structures 335 40 26 0 _ PAP Households (One side 125 15 26 0 widening) Total Structures Affected 135 17 11 0 (One side widening) | ~~~~Length Affected (krn) 17.6 4.1 1.8 .3 * ~~~~Land Acquisition (sq m) 128,700 __i~,100 5,900 0 PAP Households 753 165 69 0 | ~~~~Total Structures 834 178 74 0 w ~~~~PAP Households (One side 339 58 26 0 widening)_ | ~~~~Total Structures Affected 364 62 28 0 Louis Berger International/Sheladia Associates//CES/ICT 3-2 | Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact management Plan November 2000 3 4 Resettlement And Rehabilitation Policy And Land Acquisition 4.1 Principles of Project R&R Policy This report has been prepared on the basis of provisions contained in Kerala Inland Water Transport Project: Rehabilitation and Resettlement. Principles and Policy Framework, endorsed by the executing agency, the Irrigation Department and by the e Government of Kerala. It is also responsive to provisions contained in the World Bank's Operational Directive 4.30: Involuntary Resettlement (OD 4.30) and Operational 3 Directive 4.20: Indigenous Peoples (OD 4.20). The Government of India laws and guidelines require that assets lost through the exercise of Eminent Domain be compensated at market value, and that displaced people be I assisted in re-establishing their homes and livelihoods. Similar principles apply in all World Bank-financed projects. The Bank's policy is detailed in OD 4.30. This policy document states that addressing potential involuntary resettlement is an integral part of project design that should be dealt with from the earliest stages of project preparation. Both GOK and World Bank guidelines related to resettlement aim at achieving the following overall goals: * Involuntary resettlement shall be avoided or minimized where feasible, I1 exploring all viable alternative project designs; and * Where displacement is unavoidable, people losing assets, livelihood or other resources shall be assisted in improving or at a minimum regaining their former status of living at no cost to themselves. The Policy Framework document addressing the potential social impacts of the waterway I improvements describes the principles and approach, which will be followed to minimise and mitigate negative social and economic impacts that may be caused by the pilot project. This will be used for subsequent projects that may be developed under a master plan to revive the inland water transport sector. The rehabilitation and resettlement (R&R) policy developed for the IWT sector is I provided, in full, in Annex 4. The Kerala IWT R&R policy recognizes that while inland water transport sector improvements will confer many benefits to users and waterway communities, they may also, in some cases, cause people to lose productive land, house plots, structures, wells, trees, or other assets; or to lose access to livelihood and suffer income losses. The policy framework also addresses the impacts of the project on those people who utilize the inland waterways as a common property resource and source of income through fishing and harvest of other natural resources, tourism, and transportation. It I assures that the revival and development of Kerala's inland waterways will be carried out to encourage the maximum participation in social and economic benefits by project beneficiaries and minimum adverse social and economic impacts upon those that depend on the resource. Louis Berger Intemational/Sheladia Associates/CES/ICT 4-1 Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact management Plan November 2000 The pilot project does not have any adverse effect on individuals or the community in terms of loss of livelihoods and/or displacement. 4.2 Support Principles For Impact Categories Although no loss of house and of livelihood will be caused as a result of the Pilot Phase of the waterway rehabilitation, the IWT development may, in some cases, cause people to lose productive land or house plots, structures, wells, trees, or community assets. The project will therefore compensate for and replace lost assets at their replacement cost, defined as the amount required for the affected person to replace the lost assets through purchase in the open market. The entitlement unit for such assistance is the family. In case people face such losses, the SIMP will be updated to provide for support to the affected families according to the principles developed in the R&R policy. Existing records of land transactions and other documents pertaining to the value of various assets are generally unreliable indicators of real value. The Indian Land Acquisition Act (1984) stipulates that an additional compensation known as solatium is to be paid on top of the registered value of land, in recognition of the involuntary nature of the acquisition. However, it may still be insufficient to reach real replacement cost. The project would, therefore, objectively establish the real replacement cost of assets to be acquired, if need be. In the case of squatters and encroachers, the R&R policy recognizes that squatters and land encroachers will not be given compensation for the land they have occupied. However, the surveys conducted for the Pilot Phase did not identify any squatters and encroachers along the canal banks. The policy provides for targeted support for the vulnerable groups, which include, among others, poor or landless people; members of the Scheduled Castes and Tribes; women-headed households; and disabled persons. Those considered as poor would be members of any household earning up to 25% above the official national poverty level, as defined by the Planning Commission of India. Louis Berger International/Sheladia Associates/CES/ICT 4-2 3 Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact Management Plan November 2000 5 Participation And Consultations 5.1 The Consultation Process As indicated in Chapter 2, the project preparation involved consultations with stakeholders, beneficiaries and affected groups in the forms of stakeholder and scoping workshops and panchayat level consultations carried out during the social assessment. The following table shows that several dozen organizations, agencies, and individuals were represented in stakeholder scoping sessions held in three regions of the State. These stakeholder workshops were extensively documented and are fully reported on in the IWTPP EA and in the State Highways Project Feasibility Report and RAP. 3 Table 5.1: Stakeholder Involvement In Social Assessment A{ i~i S~ l loation iivixtee: ~Attendees-E Regional January 18, 2000 PWD Rest House, 80 57 E Scoping Session Thiruvananthapuram and Stakeholder Consultation-I Regional January 25, 2000 Hotel Renaissance, 60 47 Scoping Session Kochi and Stakeholder Consultation-Il Regional February 1, 2000 Malabar Palace Hotel, 60 51 Scoping Session Kozhikode and Stakeholder Consultation-HI Total 200 155 The three scoping workshops held across the State were complemented by extensive, smaller-scale local consultations with beneficiaries, potential project-affected persons, stakeholders and other interested parties within the impact corridors and influence areas of the selected canals. They were also intended to substantially enrich project planning and design, improve public awareness of development objectives of the Government of Kerala and promote project acceptability and transparency. Panchayat-level consultations, which provided valuable input to project preparation and design, were held in six locales covering the three project canals. Dates, locations, and 3 attendance of these events are summarized in the following table. Project information suitable for use in the project area was developed and distributed in the local language and distributed to residents and Panchayat officers in advance of consultations. The 3 project description and public information pamphlet provided to participants and others, and the public comment formn are reproduced in Amnex 5. l Louis Berger Intemational/Sheladia Associates/CES5/ICT 5-I Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact Management Plan November 2000 3 Table 5.2: Local Consultations Carried Out In Social Assessment Loft~i-Y Attende Writtef Cormments: Panchayat March 1, Veliyanad Panchayat 16 16 Consultation 2000 Hall Panchayat March 2, Kainakary 3.0 28 Consultation 2000 Kuppapuram School Panchayat March 2, Thiravarpu SNDP 11 11 Consultation 2000 School Panchayat March 8, Kavalam Panchayat 18 16 I Consultation 2000 Hall Panchayat , March 9, Aimanam Panchayat 18 15 Consultation 2000 Hall Parichayat March 9, Arpookara SNDP 36 34 Consultation 2000 School Total __ 129 120 Based on preliminary social assessments, scoping, and initial field appraisals, a participatory strategy was devised to mainstream beneficiary and affected population participation in project preparation. The purpose of the consultations and the people's participation was to: * Expand awareness of the project among the public and local government leaders in 3 areas impacted by proposed waterway improvements; I Identify social and environmental sensitivities and other concerns in affected Districts that should be considered in project design and planning; I * Review potential impacts of the project identified in social and environmental assessments to date; measures taken to avoid, reduce, or mitigate adverse impacts and minimize displacement; and potential provisions of the project's Environmental I Management Action Plan and Resettlement Action Plan; = Explain principles and procedures proposed for land acquisition, resettlement and relocation, should these be necessary; and the compensation and assistance that will a be provided to project-affected persons, households and groups who may lose land or assets or suffer other losses; * Increase cooperation among Local Governments and District officials in project planning and implementation; * Introduce house-to-house surveys, asset verification, videography, local-level consultations and focus group discussions, and other activities that may be necessary along the selected canals; and * Assure that local-level inputs are considered in project preparation. At the generic level, stakeholders voiced concern with: 5 * Potential maintenance inadequacies; * Insufficient participation; * Lack of transparency; I * Insensitivity to social and environmental dimensions; * Non-adherence to environmental requirements and regulations; * Lack of coordination among Government Agencies; and * Potential resettlement and rehabilitation failures. Louis Berger Intemaahonal/Sheladia Associates/CES/ICT 5-2 l Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Imnpact Management Plan November 2000 The broad issues and outcomes of the consultations, including the perceived negative and positive impacts, are contained in the following table: Table 5-3: Design Response To Stakeholder And Community Concerns l I~~~~~ Potential maintenance Project includes maintenance component with plan inadequacies and budget. RAP provisions provide for panchayat involvement and monitoring E ~~~~~2 Insufficient participation Participation maimstreamed in project preparation. RAP - , ~~~~~~~~~~~~provides for sustained participation of the project authorities and the project affected household during implementation. 3 Lack of transparency Project preparation featured disclosure and dissemination of project information to project area govermments and populations. I 4 Insensitivity to social and Project was subjected to thorough social and environmental dimensions environmental assessment, incorporates social and environmental inputs in design and includes social _*________________________ and environmental action plans. 5 Non-adherence to environmental Project satisfies all donor, GOI and GOK environmental requirements and regulations requirements and will be subject to GOK and World Bank clearance. 3 6 Lack of coordination among Project preparation featured extensive involvement of govermnent agencies government agency stakeholders and RAP provides for enhanced coordination between the ID and other agencies. 7 Potential resettlement and Project design eliminates need for resettlement and I rehabilitation failures rehabilitation and includes mnitigation for other social impacts. 8 Lack of comprehensive transport Over all project includes highway and IWT components I sector planning and fosters comprehensive approach to transport sector. 9 Ineffective development of Project preparation has identified weaknesses in national national IWT system IWT development as perceived by stakeholders and other users. Project complements and encourages enhanced *____________________________ national IWT development. 10 Neglect of IWT potential IWT Pilot Project identifies IWT potential and provides framework, approach, and master plan for realizing IWT I potential. 11 Necessity of transport sector Project rehabilitation support on-going and tourism improvemenits for tourism development anticipated in project Area. development I 12 Need for integrated approaches Project preparation featured integrated approach to IWT to waterway revitalization rehabilitation and RAP and EMAP provide for attention to broader dimensions of waterways revitalisation. I 13 Sensitivity of Kuttanad water Project design is sensitive to Kuttanad environment and regime and environment water regime. The EMAP includes appropriate mitigations and support capacity building in ID, local governments, and groups to maintain and enhance environment. W 14 Potential for adverse impacts on Project design avoids impacts on agricultural lands and local agriculture operations and IWT rehabilitation benefits agricultural production and transport of labour, other inputs and I harvests. 15 Avoidance of interventions Project design minimises impacts on bunds and affecting bunds and embankments, provides for repair and rehabilitation of embankments damaged btnds and embankments, and includes major bank ___ ____________________________ protection and strengthening. Louis Berger IntemationaVSheladia Associates/CES/ICT 5-3 l Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact Management Plan November 2000 ~L .~ AlKEROX D'OW PROJCT;DFSIGN PLnC9ME! 16 Respect for indigenous bund Project design features indigenous bund construction construction technologies technologies and locally sensitive and appropriate ________________________________ enhancem ents. 17 Apprehension over potential Extensive local consultation, dissemination of project canal widening, displacement, information, transparency in project preparation, and and inadequate compensation socially sensitive design eliminating widening and * . displacement have allayed apprehensions and enhanced acceptability and support for project. 18 Apprehension over potential Extensive local consultation, dissemination of project dredging and damage to bunds information, transparency in project preparation, and and embankments socially sensitive design minimizing dredging and impacts on bunds and embankments have allayed apprehension and enhanced acceptability and support for project. * 19 Urgent need for safe drinking The EMAP contains provisions to mitigate project impacts water on water quality, assist vulnerable groups, and increase public awareness and advocacy for water supply and * sanitation improvements. 20 Need for support for agricultural The project design features provisions of these development and fisheries development and needs. improved health, electricity, * __ and other public services 21 Need for roads, bridges, and Project provides significant strengthening and improvement +1 improved non-IWT access of existing bridges and footbridges. I 22 Need for bund and embankment Project provides for major bund and embankment strengthening and protection strengthening and protection. 23 Need for improved IWT service Project provides for major improvements in IWT facilities and facilities including terminals, jetties, landings, waiting shed; and for I improvements in navigation and operations that promote improved service. 24 Need for attention to Project design includes attention to water hyacinth deteriorating water quality, problems. The EMAP address pollution from tourist pollution, and water hyacinth houseboats and provide for enhanced local capacity to problems address other water quality and pollution concems. 25 Need to schedule dredging to The EMAP and contract specifications provide for LGU I minimize community and community participation and inputs during inconvenience implementation to miniimize dredging and other construction impacts. U 26 Concern with impacts of As above, the EMAP addresses tourism development increased tourism including concerns and promotes solutions to houseboat generated pollution from houseboats pollution. I Louis Berger International/Sheladia Associates/CES/ICT 5-4 Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact Management Plan November 2000 3 6 Mitigating Measures 6.1 Positive Impacts The proposed Inland Water Transport Pilot Project will invest in and encourage public/private sector partnerships in using waterways for passenger and cargo transport. This improvement programme will produce both tangible and intangible benefits. The 3 major direct and indirect benefits expected to be obtained from the project include: * Lower transport and maintenance costs as a result of traffic diverting from roads to project canals. * Protection of banks against failures from vessel waves and of agriculture by reducing risk of bank failures and regular catastrophic flooding. * Additional transport alternative and local development along the waterway in the case of the Kottayam-Vaikom route. * Improvement in navigation conditions and waterway safety, and a reduction in * health problems associated with mosquitoes as a consequence of the removal of water hyacinth. The project will raise and rehabilitate 19 bridges and crossings, construct 28 new jetties, rehabilitate 76 jetties, provide 32 new landings1, improve 152 km of bank protection, and restore operating depth over more than 30 km of canal length by excavating more than 155,000 cubic metres2 of accumulated silt and other materials. These rehabilitation measures are expected to encourage the tourism development in the State. The anticipated employment of local population in the construction of the project and in the removal of water hyacinth will gain direct monetary benefits. Studies suggest that inland waterways have the highest employment co-efficient per unit of investment I compared to other transport modes, and economic analysis suggests that for every investment of Rs. 6 million, IWT provides employment to more than 33 persons in operation and 13 persons in channel development activities. This is a significantly greater I number than in road construction. At this rate, the total project investment of Rs. 246.2 million in the project feeder canals is expected to generate employment benefits to nearly 1,887 persons in the construction (terminals, jetties, bridges) and maintenance (bank protection, water hyacinth removal, dredging) activities. Due to the seasonal nature of the principal agricultural activities it has not been possible to I obtain accurate data regarding the precise number of direct beneficiaries. The penetration of the developing road system has reduced the number of canal side residents dependent upon the canal system for social and work related movement. The social assessment * exercise suggests, though, that there are still a great many families and workers totally dependent upon the canals for social travel as well as their livelihoods. These people are I principally agrcultural and other workers from among the approximately 11,500 persons Jetties and landings are differentiated in terms of their use. A "landing" is used for cargo while a jetty is | used for passengers. 69,726.35 cubic metres in the Alappuzha-Kottayam Canal, 35,957.00 cubic metres in the Alappuzha- Changanaserry Canal, and 50,081.90 cubic metres in the Kottayam-Vaikom Canal. Louis Berger Intemational/Sheladia Associates/CES/ICT 6-1 Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact Management Plan November 2000 mentioned in Section 1.3.2. These people will be the direct beneficiaries of the project in terms of enhanced transport facilities that are expected to create more avenues to sell their labour and/or ware. The social assessment suggests that as the unemployment rate is high, there is surplus labour in the project canal area and the would-be labourers are waiting for the project to take off. Upgraded transport facility and the potential of job opportunities may entice outside labourers to the region. However, it is advisable that the respective panchayats encourage contracts with the local labourers. 6.2 Negative Impacts The Pilot Phase of the project does not anticipate any negative impacts on the people living along the project canal banks except for people, especially the women, losing their privacy while using the canals. In case any significant negative impact emerges during the I implementation of the project, the SIMP will be updated, according to the entitlements discussed in Chapter 4, to provide any appropnrate mitigating measures. At this stage, the R&R policy document (Annex 4) provides for five categories of entitlements for the project affected groups, if at all. Although the primary function of these entitlements is to mitigate adverse impacts of the project, they have been configured to include benefit enhancement features also. 6.3 Benefit Enhancement The project proposes to assist the low-income group population of the project canal area with a comprehensive low-cost sanitation programme that includes converting the existing open latrines (approximately 60%) into septic latrines.3 Each converted latrine would cost approximately Rs. 20,000/-, and an initial provision of Rs. 6 million has been made in the budget for the community benefit enhancement for 300 latrines (roughly 100 latrines for each pilot project canal). This provision is for people who live immediately adjacent to the waterways. The deserving low-income group households may be selected by an identified NGO. In addition, the project also proposes to construct bath areas for the privacy of women at the canal locations where people use the water for -bathing and washing (kuli kadavu in local terrns). Presently, the men, women and children take baths in the canals in the open as little traffic exists. The improvement of the waterways, however, will increase traffic that may have adverse social impacts, especially on the women. Typically, the proposed bath area is an enclosed structure with fibreglass sheets on three sides to prevent the boat users from gazing at the bathers and otherwise kuli kadavz users. The structure will be projecting/hanging from the canal bank to the water using a clamping arrangement on the sides. The frame will be of iron rods and GI pipes. Each such structure is expected to cost approximately Rs. 15,000/-. There is an estimated need for 1000 such structures. The project proposes to construct 75 structures, 25 on each pilot project canal, at a total cost of Rs. 1.3 million. Users above the poverty line will be required to share the cost. 3 Irrigation Department, Government of Kerala, Environmental Assessment of the Inland Water Transport Pilot Project, April 2000, for a detailed treatrnent on the subject. Louis Berger International/Sheladia Associates/CES/ICT 6-2 Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact Management Plan November 2000 As part of the possible income generation activities, the pilot project recommends the introduction of rest houses and restuarant facilities at select junctions on the waterways. The identified locations on the pilot canals arc: * Kavalam * Kanjiram * Thannermukkam While the responsibility for the rest houses could be taken up by the Kerala Tourism Department, the local panchayats or private enterprises could run the restuarant. The high points in these projects are the visible cleanliness, hygienic conditions and low cost restuarants and rooms. Low-income group enterprisers could be assisted with bank loans to open the canal side facilities. Local consultations highlighted the people's concern regarding the urgent need for safe drinking water. It was indicated before that approximately 60% of the latrines in the canal area are open, which directly or indirectly lead into the waterways. As a result, the water quality is very poor. The IWT Environmental Assessment provides for regular monitoring of water quality for any improvement in the faecal coliform level due to the implementation of the action programmes according to the Environmental Management Plan. As part of the community benefit enhancement, however, it proposed to include the community relations programme to generate awareness among the people on the following issues: * Sources of faccal coliform in water; I * Solid wastes from houses and market areas; * Liquid waste sources; . Sanitary arrangements in the Kuttanad area; * Water quality in the canals; * The level of hygienic conditions required; * * Water hyacinth menace; and * Solid waste from the households and agricultural fields floating on water. I l Louis Berger International/Sheladia Associates/CES/ICT 6-3 3 Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact Management Plan November 2000 | 7 Institutional Arrangements 7.1 Project Implementation Unit j The Project Implementation Unit (PIU) of the Public Works Department (PWD) will look after the implementation of the Social Impact Management Plan of the Pilot Waterways. As no land acquisition is involved in the Pilot Phase of the IWT project, an 1 Executive Engineer of the Irrigation Department at the Division Level will function as the Rehabilitation Officer to monitor the implementation of the community benefit enhancement programmes and to ensure that land is not required during the I implementation of the project. The Rehabilitation Officer will ensure that no one else is adversely affected by the project and will carry out the activity for establishing community relations. The following organogram locates the Rehabilitation Officer within the PIU: I PIU of the PWD | < IRRIGATION DEPARTiMIENT | IWT PILOT PROJECT| ' | ~~~PROJECT ADVISORY COUNCIL| REiiHABILITATION OFFICER I PROJECT AFFECTED FAMIILY 3 DISTRICT COMMITTEE 1. Executive Engineer (Irrigation Department) 2. Revenue Officer 3. NGO Representative 3 (need based) The role of the District Committee, comprising the Executive Engineer and the District | Revenue Officer, is to assess the replacement value and ensure appropriate compensation for land for the future IWT projects. If necessary, an NGO representative may be included in the District Committee. 7.2 Implementation Roles and Responsibilities The following table describes the roles and responsibilities of the functionaries with regard to the project implementation. Louis Bereer Intemationat'Sheladia Associates/CES/ICT 7-1 l 3 Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact Management Plan November 2000 Table 7-1: Implementation Roles and Responsibilities l Level Smplementation Roles and Responsibilities ______________Staff Project Project Director 1. Overall responsible for the project. Implementation 2. Ensure land acquisition is coordinated Unit with project phasing and civil works. Rehabilitation 1. Overall coordinate the rehabilitation Officer activities. 2. Liaise with the District Committee. 3.Monitor land acquisition. * 4. Ensure that additional land is not required. 5.Ensure no one is adversely affected by I the project. 6.Establish community relations. 7.Ensure implementation of the I community benefits programme. District Level Executive Engineer I.Coordinate District Committee Committee meetings. 2.Liaise with the PIU Rehabilitation Officer. 3.Help establish replacement value of land to be acquired. Revenue Officer I.Help establish replacement value of land to be acquired. 2. Acquire land. Any Other Member Assist in negotiation on land _______________ __________________ com pensation. l l I l I Louis Berger Intemnational/Sheladia Associates/CES/ICT 7-2 I 3 Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact Management Plan November 2000 | 8 Grievance Redress 8.1 The Grievance Redress Process The Pilot Phase of the IWT project does not involve land acquisition. Therefore, grievances related to resettlement and rehabilitation and their redress are not applicable. However, the SIMP outlines the grievance redress provisions for the future IWT projects 3 and for any possible grievances during the implementation of the Pilot Phase. The grievance redress process specifies procedures for registenrng and addressing | complaints including appeal mechanisms and recourse to civil courts. This process may be used to settle disputes through mediation to reduce unnecessary litigation. In general, a Grievance Redress Committees (GRC) could be formed in the affected district within a month of the registration of a grievance by the affected household to look into its grievance(s). The GRC will include the Executive Engineer of the Irrigation I Department, Distnrct Magistrate or any other person nominated by the District Magistrate, and local PAP and NGO representatives. i The function of the GRC will be to: * Record grievance(s) of the project affected household. * Categorise, prioritise and resolve the grievance(s) within one month. . Provide support to those affected by land acquisition problems including 3 contested compensation and assistance awards. The GRC will meet as needed during the project implementation. It will deliver decisions within one month of case registration. The District Collector will hear appeals against the decisions of the GRC. His decisions will be final and can be contested only in a court of law. I 8.2 Flow-Chart The following flow-chart depicts the grievance redress mechanism. l l l Louis Berger International/Sheladia Associates/CES5/ICT 8-1 l l Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact Management Plan November 2000 | Flow Chart of Grievance Redress Process Entitled Person l Grievance l PIU Rehabilitation Officer Not Redressed Not R dressed l Grievance Redress Committee l Redressed Not Redressed I~~~~~~~~~~ District Collector l Redressed Judiciary I l I l 1 l Louis Berger Intemnational/Sheladlia Associates/CES/ICT 8-2 Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact Management Plan November 2000 9 Budget | 9.1 Cost Estimates The cost estimates for the social impact budget of the Pilot Phase of the IWT project includes only the community benefit enhancement programme, the community relations programme and monitoring and evaluation. The first programme includes the provision of latrines to the low-income group households and bath enclosures for the privacy of the 3 female users of the canals. The PIU of the PWD will exercise financial responsibility and authority for carrying out the SIMP expenditure. The following table indicates the cost estimates for the Pilot Phase IWT social impact management plan implementation: Table 12.1: The SIMP Budget (Rupees in '000) Sr. Items GoK World Total No. Bank 1 Acquisition of private land: compensation 2 Acquisition of private residences: compensation 3 Acquisition of private businesses: compensation 4 Acquisition of private wells 5 Acquisition of private trees Sub-Total: Compensation _ 6 Productive assets grant (business) 7 Productive assets grant (residence) 8 Additional assistance to vulnerable groups - _ 9 Restoring livelihoods/income - 10 Restoration of conmmon property resources _ 11 Community infrastructure - 1 Ia - Provision of latrines @, Rs. 20000 x 300 - | 6000 6000 Ilb - Provision of bath enclosures @ Rs. 15000 x 75 - 1125 1125 12 Conservation of temples s 712 13 Extension of Government progranimes - I Sub-Total: san Assistance 7125 7125 w ~~~~~~~~~Sub-Total: Compensation + Assistance 7125 7125 14 Training for PIU staff - 15 Community relations programme 25 25 16 NGO assistance for SIMP implementation 17 M&E Consultants 15 15 Sub-Total 40 40 Total 7165 7165 (Approximately Rs. 7.16 million) As mentioned in Chapter 7, the Rehabilitation Officer based at the PIU of the PWD will facilitate the community relations activity. The monitoring and evaluation component will involve monitoring the community benefit enhancement programmes and the proposed employment generation programme. The estimated amount for this purpose refers to costs towards mid-term and final evaluation exercises. Louis Berger Intemational/Sheladia Associates/CES/ICT 9-1 Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Social Impact management Plan November 2000 10 Monitoring And Evaluation 10.1 The Monitoring Process The project authorities will monitor the SIMP implementation with regard to the community benefit enhancement programme and community relations programme. While monitoring will be carried out at a regular interval of every three months, evaluations will be carried out during the middle and the end of the Pilot Phase implementation. The evaluation exercise will be based on the monitoring reports. Other monitoring items include operations at the PIU and financial disbursements. The 3 following table shows the key aspects of the SIMP implementation associated with the monitoring indicators. I 10.2 Monitoring Indicators The following table itemises the monitoring indicators of the social impact of the IWT project for the purpose of evaluation: Table 10-1: The Monitoring Indicators Implementation Aspect Feature Indicator Staffing of Rehabilitation Officer Position filled; status report; descriptive account. U Engagement and status of Monitoring and Position filled; status report; Evaluation Consultants descriptive account. I Operations Staffing and status of district level Position filled; status report; committee descriptive account. Use of grievance procedures Nature and number of cases Communications and other submissions Copies; summary of replies l from the affected household Monitoring and Status of community benefit programme Descriptive 3 Evaluation Status of community relations programme Descriptive Disbursement for community benefit Amount and purpose enhancement programme Financial Disbursement for community relations Amount and purpose Disbursements programme Disbursement for monitoring and Amount and purpose evaluation L Louis Berger Intemational/Sheladia Associates/CE SlICT 10t-1I l I I I I ANNEX I PROPOSED REHABILITATION WORKS ON THE CANALS I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Resettlement Action Plan November 2000 PROPOSED REHABILITATION WORKS Technical, social and environmental assessments investigated the feasibility of canal and waterway improvement work that included: * * Widening to the minimum required width; * Dredging and removal of encroachments; * Easing of sharp curves; I * Improvement of side protection on canal banks; * Rebuilding of bridges that have inadequate vertical clearances for vessels to pass and removal of old bridges/remnants of other structures; I * Rehabilitation of old jetties if required, and construction of new jetties; * Installation of navigation aids; and | Provision of terminal facilities. The recommended works are described in detail in Chapter 4 of the IWTPP Final Report, itemized in the IWTPP Final Engineering Report, and shown in design drawings. They are summarized in the following table. Desip recommendations have been developed based on a 11 0-tonne design vessel. SUMMARY OF PROPOSED REHABILITATION WORKS ~SpeifIatn qg roposedg;~'-w e Ica ,,'Commeit" I m p r o V e m e n t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Design Channel Wide Channel Design Width: 17.5 m Narrow channel width is available in all Width Narrow Channel Design Width: 15.5 m sections. No channel widening is necessary. I Design Channel 2.2 m Based on the computed Low Water Depth Reference, the navigation channel will be maintained at 2.0 m below MSL Dredging Construction of the design channel will Estimated dredging volumes for the three I Works require excavation of areas where waterways are summarized below in cu m: insufficient depth is present over AK 69,726 required width AC 35,957 I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ KV 50,081 Total 155,764 Bend Appropriate allowances have been No realignments are necessary or proposed. Considerations/ provided in river bends. Straight angle Channel corners, as occur in turnoffs into Alignments different canal sections, will be negotiated by captains at lower speeds, and associated navigation waming signs will be provided Bank Protection In sections where the bank protection Where possible, existing banks will be must be replaced, or where a straight, rehabilitated using traditional bank vertical wall is required for navigation materials and designs to maintain the rustic width, or where water turbulence is appearance of the waterways. Traditional expected to be a potential problem, designs have been updated to strengthen I new sheet pile walls will be banks and improve resistance to wave constructed. erosion. Louis Berger Intermational/Sheladia Associates/CES/ICT Page I of I Kerala Inland Water Transport Pilot Project Resettlement Action Plan November 2000 I . n _ | 1, i, Ro } _. -. j.- ,- - Aids to For safety and economic use, various Navigation aids to navigation are proposed, including marking of the channel, based on SIGNI system, communication facilities, information maps and bulletins for users, as well as detailed regulations on lighting and traffic rules Operation and Regular maintenance of the Maintenance dredging requirements will be Maintenance rehabilitated channels will be required approximately 5% of the initial dredging to provide adequate depth for IWT work annually users. Surveys will be carried out once per year after the monsoon flood season to verify channel depths. Annual inspections of all canal banks will be required I Bridges Design clearance under bridges of 5.5 Nine road bridges cross the Project meters during high water periods waterways, and seven are too low and must requires clearance of. 6.5 m above be raised or replaced. Designs have been MSL for high flow periods. prepared for the reconstruction of bridges * that cannot be raised. Structural criteria have been developed for the bridges that can be raised. New footbridges will be provided at locations where locally made drawbridges are operating at present Jetties Jetties on AK and AC waterways AK: 3 new jetties to replace old ones; 22 require repair and'or replacement. New jetties repaired I l jetties are required on the KV canal AC: 9 new jetties to replace old ones: 51 which has not had through transport for jetties repaired a number of years. KV: 16 new jetties; 10 jetties repaired Terminals are required for IWAI has proposed terminals for National Terminals consolidation of cargo and loading of waterway III at Vaikom, Thannirmukkom vessels at waterway collection and and Alappuzha within the Project area. IWT distribution points. Pilot will construct facilities in Kottayam ______________ _________________________________ and Changanassery 1 I l Louis Berger International/Sheladia Associates/CES/ICT Page 2 of 2 l l l ANNEX 2 CANAL FRONTING STRUCTURES BY PROJECT CHAINAGE AND LGU (TABLES) TABLE A-1 AK CANAL: CANAL FRONTING HOUSES AND OTHER I STRUCTURES TABLE A-2 AC CANAL: CANAL FRONTING HOUSES AND OTHER I STRUCTURES TABLE A-3 KV CANAL: CANAL FRONTING HOUSES AND OTHER I STRUCTURES TABLE A-4 ALL PROJECT: CANAL FRONTING HOUSES AND OTHER I STRUCTURES (SUMMARY) l l I l I - -- - - - - m - - - - - m - - - - - - TABLE A-1 AK CANAL: CANAL FRONTING HOUSES AND OTHER STRUCTURES 0-1.55 12 1 2 3 15 Alappuzha Alappuzha 14 1 1 15 26 4 30 1.55-2.9 55 1 1 2 57 Alappuzha Alappuzha 283 1 2 11 39 83 13 _ 9 2.9-4.8 6 0 6 Alappuzha Alappuzha 15 1 1 16 21 1 22 4.8-5.4 1 o 1 Alappuzha Alappuzha 13 1 1 14 14 1 15 5.4-6.0 0 o Kainakari Kainakari 13 0 13 13 0 13 6.0-7.5 7 3 Kainakari Kainakari 6 1 1 2 8 13 5 19 7.5-8.2 s _ I 1 6 Kainakari Kainakari 3 1 4 e 2 10 8.2-9.1 4 1 1 2 6 Kainakari Pulinkunnu 6 1 _ 2 8 10 4 14 9.1-10 10 1 1 11 Kainakari Pulinkunnu 7 1 1 8 17 2 19 10-11.3 12 1 3 4 16 Kainakari Pulinkunnu 12 1 1 13 24 5 29 11.3- Kainakari Pulinkunnu 12.4 15 1 1 16 7 1 8__ 22 2 24 -U.-4 Kumaraka ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Pulinkunnu 13.4 14 2 1 = 3 17 m 7 1 1 8 21 4 25 13.4- Kumaraka Kavalam 13.9 20 2 m 4 0 4 6 0 6 13.9- Kumaraka Kalm 15.2 1 _____ 11 2 m 11 I -1 2 3 15.2- Kumaraka Kavalam 15.7 3 1 1 2 5 m 4 _____2 61temp 8 12 7 10 17 16.8 6 1 9 temp 1 Thiravarpu Kavalam 2 2 11 1 12 27 16.8- jThiravarpu Thiravarp 1T6785 26, 4 1 5 31 Thira varpu Th 27 3 1 4 31 53 9 62 17.5- Tiravarpu Thiravarpu 19.5 s 50 5 2 1 1 1ijsp 9 59 40 1 1__ 2 42 90 11 101 19.5-Kotym Ktam 21.4 60 2 1 1 4 4 Kottayam Kottayam 46 4 3 7 53 106 11 117 21.4- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Kottayam Ktaa 22.45 28 t1 29 Kotaa _otay 36 0 35 63 1 64 22.45- KoUayam Kottayam 23.0 5 6 2 nd 8 13 Kotym Ktaa 3 4 __ _ __ __ _ _ __ 171 1 8 12 30 Total 322 231 8 2 17 12 801 3821 L___ 309 25 5 11 81 12. 51 30 3 I 4 mmm m ---m - -- - -- TABLE A-2 AC CANAL: CANAL-FRONTING HOUSES AND OTHER STRUCTURES 0-.8 0 0 Ala pph Aauzha 26 -7- 1 27 26 1 27 8-1.5 44 1 12 46Alappuzha Alappuzha 52 1 12 54 96 4 100 1.5-2.7 341 1 35 _Alauzha Kainakari 24 I 2 1 hasp 4 28 58 5 63 2.7-4.7 27 11 281 Alappuzha Kainakari 23 I 2 3 261 50 4 54 4.7-6.2 8 0 8 Kainakari Kainakari 23 0 23 31 0 31 6.2-7.2 9- 0 9 Kainakari Kainakari 20 0 20 29 0 29 7.2-9.0 22 1 temp 7 -29 Pulinkunnu Pulinkunnu 7 1 1 2 9 29 9 38 9.0-10.6 5 2 2 7 Pulinkunnu Pulinkunnu 4 1 2 3 7 9 5 14 _10.6-12.3 .5 2 1 3 8 Pulinkunnu Pulinkunnu 3 1 ____ ___1 4 ___8 4 12 -12.3-14.1 28 4 1 2 1 1 9 37 Kavalam Kavalam 29 1 1 2 4 33 57 13 70 14.1-16 48 6 1 I 1 nss 90 57 Kavalam Kavalam 62 10 2 1 _ _ 1ihosp 14 76 110 23 133 16-17.5 33 4 1 aud 5 38 Kavalam Kavalam 32 1 1 33 65 6 71 17.5-18.2 25 1 1 26 Kavalam Kavalam 18 0 181 43 1 44 18.2-19.4 25 ___ _____ 1 ____1 26 Kavalam Veliyanad 30 1 1 31 55 2 57 19.4-21.6 20 1 2 3 23 VeIliyanad Veliyanad 28 1 29 48 _ 4 52 21.6-22.8 21 1 1 2 23 Veliyanad Veliyanad 29 1 1 1 3 32 50 5 55 22.8-24.2 26i 3 2 21 7 33 VeIliyanad IVeliyanad 34 ___ 2 2 36 60 9 6 24.2-24.6 17 _____ 1 _____10 13 30 1 3 1 24.6-26.4 12 _ _ 2 2_ _ _ _ _ 1 4 ____ 2 2 4 131 2 1 6 27 26.4-27.2VahpalVzpal _________ 31 1 1 32 ____ __20 20 51 1 52 27. 2-27 .7 Cagn hnaa _______ ~13 5 1 6 1 ar se ry 19 2 --- 1 -1 ___ 4 23 3 2 1 0 4 2 1 TOTAL 4531 251 101 8 I 101 10 1 63 51 505, 1 6 7 1 15 101 2 0 50 555 958, 113 1071 - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - TABLE A-3 KV CANAL: CANAL-FRONTING HOUSES AND OTHER STRUCTURES _ _ ..- LEFT BANK :- . :. : . :': ': r' RIGFI ANW+ -L '..-:-, ___________________________ ____________ _ _ 2 RSSOD :' LO L Total 9 9 W Z 2-. L&R Total 0-115S 1 . ( 11 ThiruvaT r Kottayam 1C _ 15 21 21 116-3126 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Thiru,arp Kottaya,, 1 15-3 125 36 1 1 37 u 23 2 2 25 59 3 62 3 125-5 7 561 8 3 11 1 j7 Ko26 6 m 8 34 82 IS9 101 5775 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~Thiruivarp Kottayam 3 34 57 56 5 7-7 5 26 1 1 2 28 ua 31 1 2 .4 62 7 5-8 85 1 19 uvaP K ,adnul oor 51 1 6 24 1 25 8 85-11 75 37 3 3 40 u 27 1 1 10,1 3 30 54 6 70 11 75- AmnmKmmelo 12 625 21 1 1 1 m,ll 3 24 A,manam Kumaraneloor 14 1 1 1 mill 3 17 35 6 41 12 625- 13 4 311 ind 1 32 A,manam Arpookara 28 1 I mill 2 30 59 3 62 13 4-14 3 12 1 1 13 Almanam Arookara 4 _ O4 16 1 17 14 3-151 44 3 1 in 4 48 Almanam Arcookara 31 1 1 1 ibrary _ 3 34 75 7 82 15 1-16 55 29 3 1 33 A,rnandm Arpookara 6 1 ____3 12 38 7 45 1655-179 22 1 1 23 A,nanam Arpookara 3 O 6 2 1 _ 29 17 9-19 8 36 4 4 42 Anananm Arpookara 13 5 1 omen 6 19 51 10 61 19 68-20 8 8 2 1 3 11 Auanam Arpookara 12 O 12 20 3 23 20 4 21.8 Cheepunk Aimanam Arpookara al' 4 3 I1 4 48 14 1 1 13 17 j6 71 66 I OTALI 434 28 7 2 21 3 _ _ 42 4761 T- ---T 253i 8 13 2 9 IT 37 288 887 78 766 TABLE A-4 ALL PROJECT CANAL-FRONTING HOUSES AND OTHER STRUCTURES (SUMMARY) A aKnCam! 7-2 54 05-72 17 82 1303 1381 174 9 7 0 i314 141 Pulinkunot 72.123 751 4-1.23 201 102 7.5 6, 3 32 4 0 12 44 2 14 3 3 57 5 analm 12 -184 7 .23-1382 28 13 23. 287 17 4- _ 2 32 39 41 1 3 2 1 1 4S 38 44 344 Ku-,ana 124-245 48182-24.23 1 a817. 182 8720 3 I 1 78 122 7 18_ 10 18 207 K45 a.. 24.-2.2 324.-272 3 3 6 1750 18 88 I 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 8 102 8 1108 KChao a 1 5272-227 0527.2-273 0. .5 1 322- 420 1 - 3 8 1 8.2.1 10. 15 2 13 33 24 J~~ 6,bt" 23 I 40 I V l .1 '32 23 a 2 0 1 21 .38 30 25 ,, 11 A(;8.n..I TAlavah 0-4175 4 178 112 1576 29 122 185 15 3 174 2223 105 17 202 KRosak an 78 2 ,-7r0 75 70 1230 :1339 1 7 g 7 8 13 183 107 13 183 P.iku- 7r2r12 oor 752-12923 12 51 005 103 48 34 I1 4 1 1 2 23 LI 79 64_ 5 KAimana 1175-I21 710.05 -86 101 240 !22. 2419 14 2 2 2 3 25 274 249I 25 274 1 ifa 004iy 12.820-21.2 81 70.4. 52 127.0 14.8 112 1 42 1 12 3 121 134 1127 176 I 1340 I~hp.2422. 1 2.6 7. 3 6 170 12 4 60 2 2 24. 4 2 -2 43 468 70 7 KVl C.ro Th otal 72.57 1 75. 4 17 10 12025 75 221 2 2 0 15 11 16 6 2 I 7- 136 205 222 3031 2072 I I I I I ANNEX 3 SEMI-STRUCTURED QUESTIONNAIRE PROFORMA I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I KERALA INLAND WATER TRANSPORT PILOT PROJECT SOCIAL ASSESSMENT SEMI-STRUCTURED INTERVIEW GUIDE QUESTIONS Interviewer Date & Time I Code # Location of Interview and Canal/Chainage INTRODUCE YOURSELF I INTRODUCE PROJECT (Provide Project Information) EXPLAIN PURPOSE OF VISIT & INTERVIEW | Background Information 1. Respondent(s) (A,B,C,etc): 2. Age 3. Sex 4.Occupation0 I 5. Economic Status (H,M,L) 6. Religion 7. Community 8. If Residence (Pch, Vill. Block, Chainage) 9. How close to canal? (on or #meters away) | 10. If Work Location (Pch, Vill. Block, Chainage) I 1 1. How close to canal? (on or #meters away) 12. Family/Household Size I Waterway Use 13. How do you (your household) use the canal/waterway? Use Y/N Who/household Frequency! Comment member xday, week, ____ ____ ____ ____ ___ other Bathing l C l oClothes-washing Fishing__ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Getting sand/mud/clay for bank/bund repair Getting other food Raising ducks Travel (see travel section) Waste disposal I As water source (drinking) As water source . I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I (other/cleaning, etc) Irrigation/water garden/plants I Coconut-retting -Religious ceremonies Swimming/recreation 1 l Receiving goods/deliveries Purchasing goods from water-borne vendors OTHER USES (list * below) l I 14. Do you have your own steps to water? , 15. boat landing?_ 16. Do you/your household own your own boat/vessel? 17. Meters_ 18. Does your boat have a motor? | Water Transport 19. How often does tour household travel on the canal/waterway? How often Distance Public | Own boat Other Cost I Type of l private T rip_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ To/From Work I To/From School I I_I l To/From ChurchlT- emple/M osque ! To/From I Market To visit friends/s I ocial Other (List)__ _ _ _ _ _ _ l 20. How far (meters) is the nearest jetty? I 21. Is your place served by regular passenger service? _ 22. How often?_ 23 Are you satisfied with level of service available? 2 24. If the canal and waterways were improved and service was increased, would you travel on the waterways more? Altemate Transport 25. Is this place/your residence also served by road? I 26. How far away is nearest road? I 27. What road transportation is available nearby? At what distance from your residence? Mode Distance from residence I 2-wheeler Auto-rickshaw Bus I 28. Does your family own the following? Type How many? Bicycle | Two-wheeler | Three-wheeler | Automobile | * Small truck _ * Large truck | I 29. Are you satisfied with level of road service available? 30. If the road system were improved and service was increased, would you travel on the roads I more? Preferences I 31. What are the three biggest problems in this place/village |a. b. | 32. What is government doing to help the people in this place? 33. Are conditions of canals/waterways a problem for people in this place? Why/How? I 34. How could the Irrigation Department do a better job in maintaining the canals? 35. Will improving the canals help people in this place? How? I j3 I Project Actions I 36. The project may include the following actions. What will be the benefits and good effects? Are their any bad effects? l [ ACTION BENEFITS BAD IMPACTS l Dredging . New Higher Bridges * Jetty Repairs New Jettys Bank Protection * Navigation Aids Improved Terminals _ Widening| 37. The project may also result in the following effects. What will be good or bad about them? 3 Effect positive I negative More canal traffic _ More motorized canal traff ic More tourist traffic on canal 38. Can you think of any other good or bad impacts of the project? . 39. Will any of these improvements, changes, or effects interfere with your use of the waterways? I Yes/No How? 40. What role can people in this place and local government (ward/panchayat) play in the project and waterway improvements? I 41. Do you have any suggestions for making the project better and more responsive to local needs? 42. Do you have any other comments on the proposed project? I Thank-you very much If you have additional comments you can send them to the address in the information | booklet 4 U I I I ANNEX 4 KERALA INLAND WATER TRANSPORT PROJECT I REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT: PRINCIPLES AND POLICY FRAMEWORK I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l I KERALA INLAND WATER TRANSPORT PROJECT REHABILITATION & RESETTLEMENT: 3 PRINCIPLES AND POLICY FRAMEWORK | 1. INTRODUCTION The Government of Kerala is preparing the Inland water transport project Project. The aim of the project is to promote greater use of the natural resources of the inland waterways as a more economical and environmentally friendly mode of traffic and as an integral part of the states transport network, with private sector and community participation. 3 The prime strategy of the project is to rehabilitate the inland water transport infrastructure through dredging, terminal improvements, navigation aids and safety and/or other measures. _ Apart from the positive aspects of rehabilitation of the canals the project may cause people to lose productive land or house plots, structures, wells, trees or other assets and lose income otherwise. The policy recognises those people who are likely to be affected by the upgradation and widening of the water transport network, support mechanisms are proposed to be provided accordingly. This policy framework also addresses the impacts of the project on those people who utilize the inland water as a common property resource and are dependent on it for livelihood like fishing, manual dredging of spoil, tourism, irrigation and transportation. I This document describes the principles and approaches to be followed in minimizing and mitigating negative social and economic impacts caused by the project. It provides the basis for a detailed and time-bound Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), which will be prepared for I the project. The RAP will contain the details of census, baseline socio-economic surveys of the potentially affected population undertaken during the preparation of the project, ritigative measures, implementation arrangement and plans, budget, monitoring and evaluation parameters. Broad Principles These guidelines are prepared to address the issues related to resettlement & rehabilitation (R&R) of the project affected persons (PAP). The guidelines outline the range of assistance J in re-establishing their homes and livelihoods in the course of the implementation of the project. The avoidance of involuntary resettlement is an integral part of the project design but will be dealt with from the earliest stages of the project preparation. The broad principles of the R&R policy are as below: * The negative impact on persons affected by the project should be avoided or minimized, 3 exploring all viable altemative project designs. * Where the negative impacts are unavoidable, the project-affected persons should be 3 assisted in improving or regaining their standard of living. * People's participation should be undertaken in the planning and implementation of the | project. l 3 Positive impacts will be enhanced as far as possible. 2.2 The project may broadly have three impacts that require mitigation measures. They are: * Loss of assets, including land and house • Loss of livelihood or income opportunities * Collective impacts on groups, such as loss of common property resources. The first two categories represent direct project impacts on an identified population. The people likely to be affected by the project will be surveyed and registered, and project monitoring and evaluation will compare longer-term impacts against baseline socio-economic data. The third category represents a group impact, where group members need not be individually surveyed. Gains and losses of a group-oriented nature are not quantifiable in terms of impact on the individual. Mitigation and support mechanisms will be collectively oriented, and the monitoring will focus on impact on such groups. 2.3 All acquisition of private land would be under the Land Acquisition (Amendment) Act, 1984, which provides for compensation for the properties to be acquired. Further support will be extended under the broad principles of the policy to meet the replacement value of the assets and improve their standard of living. 2.4 The comnmon property resources will be replaced as far as feasible and assistance will be provided at replacement value to the group. 2.5 Major widening and strengthening work planned will take place within the ROW based on land availability. However, major land acquisition and many impacts are perhaps not foreseen except at locations where existing alignment may be improved and/ or widened. Efforts will be made during implementation to minimize any disturbance in the daily activities of the local populace. 2. 6 Before taking possession of the acquired lands and properties, all compensation, Resettlement & Rehabilitation and related activities will be made in accordance with this policy. 2.7 All land acquisition will be after harvest of crop 2. 8 If resettlement sites are developed as part of the project, the local "host population" should also be consulted about their views and needs. There should be no or minimum adverse social, economic and environmental impacts of displacement on the host population and specific measures should be provided in the RAP to mitigate any such impacts. 2.9 The broad entitlement framework of different categories of project-affected people shall be as per Annex I. A detailed entitlement framework specifying support for specific losses will be developed as and when indicated by the social impact assessment. l 2.10 During project implementation, the resettlement program will be co-ordinated with the completion of designs and the likely timing of civil works. The project will provide adequate notification, counselling and assistance to affected people so that they are able to move or give up their assets without undue hardship before commencement of civil works. 2.11 The project will ensure that civil works are not started on any segment before compensation and assistance to the affected population has been provided in accordance with this policy framework. ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS Following abbreviations and terms will be found used both in the policy and the RAP: I Abbreviations: B.P.L Below Poverty Line B.S.R. Basic Schedule of Rates C.O.1 Corridor of Impact DRRC District Resettlement and Rehabilitation Committee C.P.R. Common Property Resources EP Entitled Person Ha Hectare GRC Gricvance Redress Committee ID Irrigation Department M.E.H. Minimum Economic Holding N.G.O. Non-Governmental Organization P.A.P. Project Affected Persons P.D.P. Project Displaced Persons R.A.P. Rehabilitation Action Plan R.O. Rehabilitation Officer R.O.W. Right of Way PIU Project Implementation Unit R&R Resettlement and Rehabilitation S.E.S Socio-Economic Survey SC Scheduled Caste l l | S.T Scheduled Tribe u/s Under Section Terms Corridor of Impact Width of corridor required for the construction of road and for its safety zone. Danam Land Include lands attached with Temples (pandaramvaka), Mosques (wak]), Churches (edavaka) etc. where priests are allowed to cultivate the same without having to pay revenue to the State for the same. (North Indian, Perso-Arabic derived term is Muafi | Land.) District Collector Administrative head of a District. I Hectare (Ha) A unit measuring land area. One Hectare equals 10,000 Sq. meters or 2.475 Acre. Panchayat Elected local self-governing body at village level. 3. DEFINITIONS I3 3.1 Cut-off date Cut-off date shall be the following: 3 (a) In the case of land acquisition affecting legal titleholders, the cut-off date would be the date of issuing the notice u/s 4(1) of LA. Act. (b) For the non-titleholders the cut off date will be the date of census survey | 3.2 Project Displaced Person A project displaced person (PDP) is one who is compelled to change his/her place of | residence and/or workplace or place of business due to the project. 3.3 Project Affected Person Unless otherwise specified in this Policy document, a project affected person is one who, in consequence of the project, sustains damages (a) by reasons of severing such land or (b) by affecting his/her immovable properties in any manner or (c) by adversely affecting his/her livelihood/earnings calculated by an objective assessment. The category of project affected person (PAP) includes project displaced person (PDP). l l 3.4 Definition of Family (a) A "Family" shall mean HusbandlWife and minor children. (b) Every son or unmarried daughter who has attained the age of 18 years on or before the cut-off-date will be treated as separate family. © Every divorced or widowed daughter living separately or with the family on or prior to cut off date will be treated as separate family. 3.5 Landless/Agricultural Labourer A person who does not hold any agricultural land and who has been deriving his main income by working on the lands of others as an agricultural labourer prior to cut off date. 3.6 Encroacher A person is an encroacher if he/she has trespassed Government land, adjacent to his/her own land or asset to which he/she is not entitled, and who derives his/her livelihood and housing therefrom prior to the cut-off date. 3.7 Squatter A squatter is a person who has settled on publicly owned land for housing or livelihood without permission or who has been occupying publicly owned building without authority prior to the cut-off date. 3.8 Below Poverty line Annual income from all sources is less than a designated sum as fixed by Planning Commission, Government of India. 3.9 Income Income of a PAP shall mean the amount of income as shown in his Income Tax Retum prior to the cut-off date. In the absence of such a return, his income shall be calculated by an objective assessment applying the same method as adopted by the Govemment agencies for identifying B.P.L. families. 3.10 Vulnerable Person Unless otherwise specifically mentioned in this document, a person who has been designated as falling under the 'Below Poverty Line' category and earning up to 25% above the poverty level will be considered a vulnerable person. Generally, the vulnerable groups may include but not be limited to: * Poor or landless people falling under the "Below Poverty Line" category; I Members of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes; * Women-headed households; Orphans and destitute persons (socially handicapped); and Disabled persons (physically handicapped) 3.11 Minimum Economic holding l l Agriculture land holding up to 1 ha of irrigated land and 2 ha of unirrigated land as recognized by the Government of India. * 3.12 Additional Support to Vulnerable Groups The project will determine, through census surveys and other studies who among the affected population may be considered as vulnerable or at risk. The vulnerable groups will receive targeted support and special attention from the project, and provided support mechanisms. * 4 BROAD PROCEDURES | 4.1 The project recognizes that along with the positive aspects of the development, there may also be negative impacts, including the possible loss of assets, the loss of house and shelter, and the loss of livelihood or income opportunities. Moreover, a project like this inflicts some impacts on the community as a whole, such as, loss of access to community facilities like schools and hospitals, access to water and sanitation, access to common property resources, and in rare cases, prostitution as evidenced during the surveys. 4.2 People losing their home represent a particular challenge in the resettlement program. Every effort will be made by the project to ensure that new housing is available before people I are required to relocate. 4.3 Every effort should be made during project design and preparation to minimize acquisition of land and other assets and to reduce negative socioeconomic impacts. 4.4 If the project impact leads to people being unable to continue with their previous I occupation, the project will provide support and assistance through alternative employment strategies. Longer-term earning opportunities will be provided through strategies such as vocational training, employment counseling, inclusion in income generating schemes, and access to credit. 4.5 The principle is to provide R&R assistance to both PDPs and PAPs. Compensation for I land, however, will not be extended to the encroachers and squatters, considering the illegal nature of their possession. | 4.6 The identification of encroachers and squatters, in case they do not possess ration cards, would be sought from voters' list or from any other legal documents or information from the community. In the absence of any supporting legal documents, findings of the Census survey shall be relied upon. 4.7 Efforts should be made to ensure involvement of the people and stakeholders in planning, implementation and monitoring of the project through focus group discussions, workshops at district and at state levels. * 4.8 Copies of this document, information on its salient features or its official Executive Summary, will be displayed at the notice board of the offices of the project authority for general information to the public. Policy translated in local language should be distributed to the affected people. Interested public may contact Rehabilitation Officer for further details. The Resettlement Action Plan will provide detailed information regarding the consultation I l process. It will take account of the fact that information must be given at different stages, repeated, and provided through different media. The consultation process planned for the project will use different types of consultation such as participatory rural appraisal, in-depth | interviews, focus group discussions, seminars and meetings, and key informant interviews at different levels of stakeholder involvement, including: : Household representatives - men and women; * * Clusters of PAPs; * Village Panchayats; * District development committee; * Other governmnent agencies and departments. 4.9 The project will therefore ensure that the affected population and other stakeholders are inforned and consulted about the project, its impact, their entitlements and options, and allowed to participate actively in the development process. This will be done particularly in the case of vulnerable individuals and groups, who will be encouraged to choose the options, which entail the lowest risk. This exercise will be done throughout the project life - during preparation, implementation, and monitoring of project results and impacts. 5 Compensation and R & R 3 5.1 All P.A.Ps. as defined in para 3.3 shall be entitled to resettlement and rehabilitation besides compensation as stipulated hereinafter. Those PAPs who are not entitled for compensation may get R&R benefits as per their respective entitlement framework. 5.2 The compensation for land and building shall be provided within the ambit of the L A Act and to meet the replacement value, R&R assistance will be provided. 5.3 All losses, including loss of income, should be compensated within the overall R&R package as per the broad entitlement frame work. The unit of entitlement framework shall be the family as defined in para 3.4 5.4 In case of acquisition of houses/buildings/other assets, the replacement cost should be I considered. The replacement value will be assessed as per procedure laid down in para 6.4.4 In case the replacement cost is more than the compensation at market price determined by competent authority, the difference is to be paid by the project in the form of assistance. Replacement value of land will be assessed as per procedure laid down in para 6.4.3 5.5 The entitlement of compensation & assistance will be extended to only those PAPs who are so identified on or prior to the cut off date. The Grievance Redressal Committee should deal claims regarding R&R assistance. I 5.6 General Assistance to P.A.Ps. & P.D.Ps. 5.6.1 The shifted population shall be assisted in getting their names included in voters' lists I of the area of their resettlement. 5.62 PAPs falling under vulnerable groups shall be provided suitable assistance to minimise the adverse impacts through various means, which will be described in detail in the RAP. 6. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND RESETTLEMENT PLANNING l l l 6.1 Corridor of Impact Displacement under the project will be limited to the corridor required for the canal. This | corridor is referred to as the Corridor of Impact (COI), and comprises typically the total construction width, inclusive of embankments. The COf can have a different extent to the rnght and left from the channel centerline and varies as required. 6.2 Surveys 6.2.1 For proper rehabilitation of the project affected and displaced persons, social impact assessment shall be undertaken. This would help in assessing the magnitude of displacement, losses to be sustained by PDPs and PAPs, better targeting of vulnerable groups, ascertaining the cost of R&R, drawing out the rehabilitation package and administering the same. The social impact assessment shall consist of two surveys namely: U (a) Ccnsus survey of 100 percent of PAPs (b) A baseline socioeconomic sample survey of 25 percent of the PAPs to establish the monitoring and evaluating parameters. The purpose of the census is to register and document the status of the potentially affected population within the project impact area. This will provide a demographic overview of the population, and will cover people's assets and main sources of livelihood. The baseline survey shall be completed prior to the date of notification under Section 4(1) of LA Act. If declaration under sub-section is not issued within the stipulated period as specified the survey will be undertaken again and the notification under section 4(1) shall be reissued. 1 6.2.2 The census survey will inter-alia include collection of information about the following: * The resource base including land, water, and forest etc., with an assessment of its development and ecological potential in the pre-project conditions e the economy base of the affected people including the modes and magnitude of production, consumption pattem, related economic institutions and allocation of various productive resources. * Household census covering immovable property owned by the PAPs and other resources in their possession/use. These surveys would be carried out in association with local and | host communities as well as with the local representatives. * The social structure, norms, customs, cultural centres, traditions, patterns of leadership and institutions of social network. I a The census surveys will prima-facie identifies tenants, sharecroppers, encroachers and agricultural day labourers. During such census survey, those PAPs are dependent on the waterway for their livelihood, shall also be identified and listed along with their identified income. * Besides this, the survey will also identify PDPs and PAPs, the ST and S.C. populations in accordance with the S.T. and S.C. lists of the Govt., the vulnerable PAPs such as the old, handicapped, infirm, orphans and destitute. 6.2.3 Baseline data of the Survey should also include: * * Accurate up to date maps of the area of project; * Analysis of social structure and income resources of the population; l * Inventories of the resources which the tribal use as well as data on their systems of economic production; * The relationship of the tribal to other local and national groups. Baseline studies should capture the full range of production and marketing activities in which the tribal are engaged. 6.3 Resettlement and Rehabilitation Action Plan (RAP) 6.3.1 The census survey, which serves to provide baseline socioeconomic information about the affected persons, will be completed before initiation of the preparation for the RAP. 6.3.2 A comprehensive plan for resettlement will be drawn up in advance by the project authorities based on the socio-economic surveys. The entire plan for resettlement should be prepared by the project authorities with the participation of local representatives, NGOs, and including representatives of the PAPs. 6.3.3 The RAP shall be brought to the notice of the displaced and affected persons with the I help of the local NGOs, the representatives of PAPs and the host communities so that they are able to make their suggestions. I 6.3.4 The completed RAP will include the census of affected people, and their impacts and entitlements to restore losses, budget, institutional mechanisms and schedule of task, assessment of feasibility of income restoration mechanism and avenues for grievance redress and participatory monitoring of results. 6.4 IMPLEMENTATION: ACQUISITION OF LAND AND PROPERTIES 6.4.1 Land surveys for payment of compensation shall be done on the basis of updated official records and ground facts. The land records shall be updated relating to title / classification/current use of land exeditiously for ensuring adequate cost compensation and allotment of land to the entitled displaced persons. For determining classification/current use 3 of land, official records as they are on the cut-off date shall be taken into consideration. 6.4.2 If 75 percent or more land holding of a PAP/PDP is acquired or when the part of a land remaining after acquisition becomes economically unviable , the owner of such land/property shall have the right to seek acquisition of his entire contiguous holding/property provided the residual land is less than MEH. * 6.4.3 The project authority should determine the possible replacement cost of land and asset to be acquired. For this purpose, project authorities in association with representatives of | PAPs will do land market surveys and professional assesses. While determining the replacement cost of the land project authon'ty will take recourse to three systems of assessment described below: (a) Taking into account such prescribed rates or the average of the actual transaction rates of similar lands for contemporary years for which sale deeds are registered. 3 (b) Taking into consideration 20 times of the annual value of gross production of the concerned land, averaged over proceeding five years. I ( Fixing up market value of land equal to the minimum land value if so prescribed by the State Govt. under Indian Stamnp Act for the purpose of registration of sale deeds under Indian Registration Act of 1908. The replacement cost to be fixed up by the project authority shall be the amount, which shall be the highest among the three amounts, arrived at by the aforesaid three alternative methods. In case replacement cost is higher than the market value determined by competent authority the difference shall be paid in the form of assistance. 6.4.4 The value of the houses, buildings and other immovable properties of the PAPs including the PDPs shall be detennined for the purpose of payment of compensation at the relevant B.S.R without deducting the depreciation value. 6.4.5 Compensation for properties belonging to the comnmunity or for common places of worship which are acquired for the project shall be provided to enable construction of the same at the new place through the local self-governing bodies. 6.4.5 Compensation for trees will also be based on their market value in case of timber bearing trees and replacement cost in case of fTlit bearing trees as per the rates decided by the competent authority in consultation with Department of Agriculture, Forest, Horticulture, Sericulture etc. as the case may be. 6.4.6 Compensation shall be paid and efforts will be made to complete the R&R of PAPs/PDPs before taking possession of the land/properties. The PDPs and PAPs shall hand over the land and properties acquired to the Government free from all encumbrances such as mortgage, debt etc., pertaining to the lands and properties acquired. However, in case of any loans, on such acquired lands and properties given to the PAP by any Govt. agency, remains unadjusted as per the information furnished by the PAPs or by the loaner agency then such amounts shall be deducted out of total compensation. 6.5 Disposal of acquired properties The acquired land and properties shall vest in the department/organisation paying compensation for such lands/properties. 7 RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION 7.1 Agricultural land for land compensation will be provided to vulnerable person as defined in para 3.10 will be allotted in the j oint name of husband and wife. 7.2 New resettlement sites or site for shopping complexes should be developed, if so opted by 25 or more number of families of PDPs or displaced shop owners, as the case may be, at one place preferably in nearby areas. However, where PDPs do not opt for such site and prefer cash, then adequate assistance towards the cost of infrastructure development will be given to the PDPs. I 7.3 At the new settlement centres, civic amenities like drinking water, internal and link roads, medical facilities, schools, electricity, etc. will be provided along with any other amenities which the PDPs had at their abandoned place. Any facilities provided by the Govt. & all common resource properties being availed by the displaced and affected persons prior to the project will as far as possible be provided/continued at Government cost at the new place of their resettlement or at the old place, as the case may be. 7.4 Plots for houses/shops at the new resettlement sites will be provided to the PDPs on payment basis except for the vulnerable person who will receive it free of cost. The allotment of plot for house/shop will be in the joint name of husband and wife. Cost of registration to that effect would be borne by the project authority. 7.5 (i) Economic Rehabilitation assistance shall be provided to the affected v-ulnerable families based on the prevailing income to deternine the poverty line by the Planing Comnmission of Government of India. (ii) Transitional allowance calculated at the minimum wages over a period of six months. A lumpsum for shifting allowance and rental allowance, shall be provided to the affected people. (iii) Training for upgradation of skills or those related to income generation will be provided as a part of Rehabilitation assistance. 7. 6 The R&R activities in respect of the tribals should be adapted to their needs and environment. 7.7 Customary right and land tenure system of the tribal PDPs and PAPs should be protected.. 8 MONITORING AND POST - PROJECT EVALUATION On completion of implementation of the R&R work, project authorities shall monitor resettlement & rehabilitation of the PAPs & the host population. Such evaluation will be done annually, mid-term and end-term from the date of commencement of R&R work by external agency with the participation of the representatives of the PAPs. Suggestions made in the evaluation report will be incorporated in the RAP/revised RAP to make the R&R programmes more effective. The monitoring would be done involving project affected people in assessing results and impacts. 9 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 9.1 The Irrigation department will have an R & R Cell with one Rehabilitation Officer at the head office (Project Implementation Unit) who will coordinate the R & R activities and one land acquisition officer, if necessary, to assist in the land acquisition. In addition, in the district, the executive engineer will work as the Rehabilitation Officer and will work closely with the NGOs appointed. 9.2 The cell will be further supported by District Level Committees comprising the Revenue Officer, any other representative from district administration, representatives of PDPs/PAPs, NGOs and the executive engineer. The District Level Committees will assess the replacement l value of the property and advise the R& R cell accordingly as well as on any other matter concerning the social aspects of the resettlement. 3 9.3 The responsibilities of the Cell will include implementation of the RAP and monitoring and evaluation. * 10. Cost and Budgeting The cost of all compensation and R & R works will be an integral part of the overall project I cost, which will be borne by the Project. 11. Grievance Redress I Grievance Redress Cell will be formed at the District levels with representation from PAPs, Village Council, PWD, Block Administration, District Administration, NGOs, representative of Panchayat and or Municipality and any other opinion leader who will look into the grievances of the local people. 12 Scope for making amendments in the R & R Policy I The State Government may from time to time make amendments in this R&R Policy as and when considered necessary. l I I I l Annexure I BROAD ENTITLEMENT FRAME WORK A summary entitlement matrix for the project is provided below. A detailed entitlement matrix will be prepared as needed to specify the individual and group entitlements along the * br oad principles outlined in the summary matrix. KERALA INLAND WATER TRANSPORT PROJECT 3 Rehabilitation and Resettlement: Broad Entitlement Frame Work Impacts and assistance criteria Land Inside Right of ______________________________________ acquisition Way _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ N on Non Vulnerable Vulnerable Vulnerable Vulnerable A. Corridor of Impact: Loss of land and other assets * I Support given to families and households Consultation, counseling regarding alternatives, and assistance in identifying new sites and opportunities. Compensation for land at replacement cost, plus / / allowances for fees or other charges _ Advance notice to harvest non-perennial crops, or compensation for lost standing crops. Compensation for perennial crops and trees, V I calculated as annual produce value for one season Compensation or R&R assistance for structures or other non-land assets Rental Allowance / / . ' 3 Shifting assistance / Option of moving to resettlement sites (in a group of *1 amenities I B. Corridor of Impact: Lost or diminished livelihood Su port given to adult individuals Transitional allowance for lost or diminished / , I livelihood Additional economic rehabilitation grant for vulnerable groups in re-establishing or enhancing . I _ livelihood Employment opportunities in connection with project to the extent possible Any other impacts not yet identified, whether loss of Unforeseen impacts shall be documented and mitigated assets or livelihood based on the pnnciplcs agreed upon in this policy framework C. Indirect, group oriented impacts in the vicinity of the road corridor Group oriented support will be given to mitigate negative Impacts on the community, and to enhance development opportunities. These impacts will be identified in social impact assessment of the project. Particular support will be targeted at more vulnerable groups; for example by addressing impacts on * common property resources harvested by low income fishermen, privacy of the comnmunity living on the banks of the canals, and any other type of socio-economic dependence on waterway resources. * The entitlements will exclude the affected non-vulnerable encroachers but include non- I vulnerable squatters. l - - - - - - m rn - - -- - -r-n- - - m DETAILED ENTITLEMENT MATRIX KERALA INLAND WATER TRANSPORT PILOT PROJECT A. CORRIDOR OF IMPACT LOSS OF LAND AND OTHER ASSETS Support given to families and households 1. Consultation, counseling regard ng alternatives; and assistance in identifyi ng now sites and opportunities CATEGORY ENTITLEMENT UNIT ENTITLEMENT DETAILS 1. Consultation, assistance Household Consultation, counseling regarding alternatives, * All entitlement categories involve and require and counseling as required: and assistance in identifying new sites and consultation with affected population. Affected All affected people within opportunities people are to be involved in decision making the Corridor of Impact regarding impacts and support mechanisms. whether on public property D Any disputes over ownership status or or private land interests lost shall be attempted resolved through grievance redress procedure, using the information collected during census and socio-economic studies. a As a general rule, vulnerable groups should he encouraged to choose support mechanisms in __________ ______ _____________________________________________________ ______ k ind r ather than in cash. 2 Compensation for land at replacement cost, plus allowance for fees and other charges CATEGORY ENTITLEMENT UNIT ENTITLEMENT DETAILS 2.1 Loss of private land: Household Option 1: . Valuation of land will be done by Revenue vulnerable and non- Registration of new land . Compensation at replacement cost, in Department. If official compensation following vulnerable groups should be done jointly for accordance with the Land Acquisition Act the Land Acquisition Act is below real husband and wife * The project will cover any registration costs replacement cost, the project will provide and other charges additional support to make up the balance. Option 2: This will be paid directly by the project. . If loss of land holding is more than 25% or . Land valuation and valuation of other assets the viability of the land is questionable, the will be adjusted annually during the lifetime of option of replacement land of equal the project to reflect real market value. productive value will be provided. . The project will ensure that affected population . The project will cover any registration costs is informed about the notification to acquire and other charges land. . The project will assist PAPs in documenting their claims, accessing legal documents, and advise and assist them regarding any issues _________________________ _ ______________________ _.__ _ __________________ which might prevent timely and adequate - - - -- - --- -- - - -- - --- compensation. De facto owners will be assisted by the project to establish appropriate evidence of ownership following first legal notification of land acquisition 2.2 Loss of land within Household * If loss of access to public land utilized by public lands necessary for the project constitutes a threat to project: household viability or livelihood, training Vulnerable groups and assistance will be given in accordance with categories 11_and_12 3. Advance notice to harvest non-perennial crops; or compensation for lost standing crop 3.1 Loss of non-perennial Household . Advance notice of displacement crops, or compensation for . Right to harvest standing crops, or value of lost standing crop: harvest if harvesting cannot be done Private land owners 3.2 Loss of non-perennial Household * Advance notice of displacement crops, or compensation for * Right to harvest standing crops, or value of lost standing crop: harvest if harvesting cannot be done Squatters and encroachers on public land within the Corridor of Impact ______________ 4. Compensation for perennial crops and trees 4 Loss of perennial crops Household . Annual net production value for one season and trees: Private land * Right to cut down and keep wood and other owners materials from trees and crops 5. Compensation or R&R assistance for structures and other non-land assets 5.1 Loss of house on Household. Option 1: . Size of house depends on current size of private land: vulnerable House will be registered . Replacement or compensation for value of house, and number of family members groups jointly in name of entitled house . Compensation must be paid before people are person and spouse . Assistance in identifying and making evicted available new house plot . If there is a deklay between eviction and Option 2: availability of new home, the project will * House and plot under Government Scheme provide funds for rental of temporary facilities free of cost, See Category 7 to use while households relocate Option 3: S If household splits before implementation of . Cash compensation after counseling, project, e.g. major children marrying and sufficient to reestablish dwelling elsewhere forming new households, each new household will be eligible for housing support . In the case of female headed households, a one-year maintenance allowance of Rs. 5,000 . Loss of non-house assets such as wells, - - - - - - - --------- - - - fences, etc. will be replaced or compensated _____________ __ at replacement value 5.2 Loss of house on public Household. Option 1: * Size of house depends on current size of land: Vulnerable groups House will be registered * Replacement or compensation for value of house, and number of family members jointly in name of entitled house . While squatters and encroachers are not person and spouse . Assistance in identifying and making entitled to legal title to a new land plot, the available new house plot project will assist in finding solutions to make Option 2: the tenure situation secure, such as through . House and plot under Government Scheme facilitating credit programs etc. free of cost, See Category 7 . Assistance must be given before people are Option 3: evicted . Cash compensation after counseling, a If there is a delay between eviction and sufficient to reestablish dwelling elsewhere availability of new home, the project will provide funds for rental of temporary facilities to use while households relocate . If household splits before implementation of project, e.g. major children marrying and forming new households, each new household will be eligible for housing support * In the case of female headed households, a one-year maintenance allowance of Rs. 5,000 a Loss of non-house assets such as wells, fences, etc. will be replaced or compensated at replacement value 5.3 Loss of house on Household. As above, Options 1 and 3 As above for private land owners private land: House will be registered Non-vulnerable groups jointly in name of entitled person and spouse 5.4 Loss of house on public Household. As above, Options 1 and 3 As above for squatters and encroachers land: House will be registered Non-vulnerable groups jointly in name of entitled person and spouse 5.5. Partial loss of Household . Replacement value of structures lost * This includes replacement or compensation for structures and facilities on a Costs of repairs for damaged property wells, fences, ponds, pumps, etc private land with no relocation required _ 5.6 Partial loss of structures Household * Replacement value of structures lost . This includes replacement or compensation for and facilities on public land * Costs of repairs for damaged property wells, fences, ponds, pumps, etc with no relocation_required __________ 5.7 Tenants losing rental Household . Additional shiftinig assistance, see accommodation Category 9 _ ______ __ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5.8 Loss of shop or Household * Replacement or compensation for value of business structure on structure private land: * Free plot for structure Vulnerable groups . Assistance towards improving livelihood and income, as noted in categories 10 and _ 11 5.9 Loss of shop or Household . Replacement or cash assistance for value business structure on public of structure land: . Assistance in obtaining plot for structure Vulnerable groups . Assistance towards improving livelihood and income, as noted in categories 10 and 11 5.10 Loss of shop or Household * Replacement or compensation for value of business structure on structure private land: . Assistance in identifying and making Non-vulnerable groups available new plot for structure * Assistance for loss of income in business for a transition period of 6 months of Rs. 5,000 5.11 Loss of shop or Household * Replacement or cash assistance for value business structure on public of structure land: * Assistance for loss of income in business Non-vulnerable groups for a transition period of 6 months of Rs. 5,000 5.12 Business tenants Household . Allowance for loss of income in business needing relocation for a transition period of 6 months _ ___________ 6. Rental Assistance 6.1 Tenants losing rental Household * Stipend covering rental costs for a period of property _ 3 months 6.2 Affected people on Household * Right to salvage materials from existing public land within the structures, trees, and other assets Corridor of Impact: squatters and encroachers ___________ 7. Shifting Assistance 7.1 All affected people Household * Shifting assistance losing their homes__________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7.2 All affected people Household . Allowance for loss of income in business or . Agricultural property does not include land losing their businesses or agriculture for a transition period of 6 encroachments agricultural property months, prorated mean monthly income * Transition stipends will be given to cultivators, _______ __ not to absentee land owners m - - - - - - - - - -- - - -- - - 7.3 Vulnerable groups Household . Female headed households: Maintenance . Female headed households: Registration of allowance of RS. 5000 for one year property in name of woman . Rs. 1,750 per child in child support for one ______________________ ______ _ __ vyear B. Option of mov ing to resettlement sites (in cases of cluste r relocation) 8. All affected people losing Household Option 1: their homes where an entire . House and plot in resettlement site neighborhood has to * Infrastructure such as water, electricity and relocate other utilities; school, temple, etc. ass required Option 2: * Self-relocation as under Category 5 _ _- B. CORRIDOR OF IMPACT LOST OR DIMINISHED LIVELIHOOD Support given to adult individuals, men and women 9. Transitional allowance for lost or diminished livelihood 9. All people within the Adult individuals, men Option 1: . The project will undertake a risk analysis of Corridor of Impact, whose and women * Assistance in resestablishing and benefits and costs involved in different support livelihoods are lost or improving previous livelihood mechanisms, and offer different options and diminished * Assistance through counseling, follow up choices to affected population throughout project period Optioni 2: , Where previous livelihood is unviable or not desired: Extension of available Weaker Sections Development Schemes or similar support offered by the project, depending on eligibility for Government schemes . Training and job promotion _ 10. Additional economic rehabilitation grant for vulnerable groups in reestablishing or enhancing livelihood 10. Vulnerable groups Adult individuals, men o As in Category 9, with more targeted within the Corridor of and women and focused support Impact, whose livelihoods * Additional access to credit and training are lost or diminished where possible a Counseling and encouragement to _ chose lower risk options 11. Employment opportunities in connection with project to the extent possible - - ----- - - - ---- - - - - - - - 11. Individuals inside and in Adult individuals, men * Temporary or longer term employment in . This can not be guaranteed for everyone, but the vicinity of the Corridor and women connection with construction work and the project will make efforts to ensure that of Impact, with emphasis on maintenance contractors hire local population for unskilled vulnerable groups and semi-skilled work * Training and skills development as described in Categories 10 and 11 may be aimed at local employment opportunities * Social forestry or other environmental rehabilitation may provide local employment opportunities, coordinated with the project" ._______________________ ______________________ ________________________________________ Environmental Management Plan 12. Unforeseen Impacts 12. Any other impacts not Households and adult . Unforeseen impacts identified in the yet identified, whether loss individuals, men and social assessment shall be of assets or livelihood women documented and mitigated based on the overall principles agreed upon in the policy framework C: INDIRECT, GROUP ORIENTED IMPACTS IN VICINITY OF CANAL CORRIDOR 13. Common Property Resources 13. Loss of common Canal-front community * Restoration of lost common property . Includes replanting of socially and property resources and affected Panchayat resources economically important canal-side vegetation, associated with project wards in 13 project- * Enhancement of common property provision of potable water when water sources construction and/or affected local resources in canal corridor. are temporarily disturbed during construction, operation government units and other measures as may be identified as .____________ _____________ ._______________________ __________ __ _ _ _ necessary. ._____________________ :___________________ 14. Community Infrastructure 14. Loss or degradation of Canal-front community * Restoration of infrastructure owned or * Includes assistance for mitigation of impacts community infrastructure and affected Panchayat operated by the community on public/community infrastructure such as associated with project wards in 13 project- * Enhancement of minor community water lines, utilities, drainage, community construction and/or affected local infrastructure in canal corridor. access, and foot/cart paths. operation government units . Provides for modesty shields in public bathing areas and other community facilities to enhance project amenity. 15. Mainstreaming Participation 15. Right to informed Canal-front community * Support for informed participation in project . Provides for social preparation and participation in project and affected Panchayat implementation and operation mobilization of beneficiaries, affected groups, implementation and wards in 13 project- and waterway communities in project activities priiain i prjtadafnoperation maffected local _ o -- - - m-- - - - - --- - - - - - - government units 1 1 Includes support for community participation in water hyacinth management and other project _________________________ I ___________________________________ __ j maintenance. 7 ____7777 _777--_ __I ; 16. Women, Children, and Vulnerable Groups, -10i77 777j$..777777 ,S;;;,`0i00 ;4 ; 16. Impacts of poor water Canal-front community . Support for targeted programs to mitigate * Responds to special needs of vulnerable quality and pollution on wand affected Penchayat adverse impacts on vulnerable and groups including poor, women, and children. women, children, and other wards in13 project- enhance their access to project benefit us attention to safe water and sanitation vulnerable groups affected local and women's access to and use of waterways _ government units _ for laundry, bathing, and other activities. _____________________ ._________. ____- ___ 17. Tour ism , 17. Impacts of increased Canal-front community . Support for mitigation of intrusive impacts . Includes assistance for addressing tourism tourism on water quality and affected Panchayat of tourism development impacts on privacy, encouragement of socially and community privacy wards in 13 project- responsible tourism, and enhancement of affected local local participation in tourism benefits. government units _ ________ _ __- I I I I ANNEX 5 PARTICIPATION MATERIALS I ANNEX 51 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND PUBLIC-INFORMATION PAMPHLET I ANNEX S-2 PUBLIC COMMENT FORM I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Kerala State Highways Project with ' CfMlMO M33 6)Ghnf)6)O1 aJfiUi)l3o l SMel~~~(TdJ MRelaDJO)a@ niw3)al)oa Inland Waterways Project Qu31ml fUoaV3c() nif3JXud. A) 0 .&i '65.S'$ Oi.U,3 fAfM6'5 Keraf a SthwysPojc - 7 Project Description Mutlhoot Chamibers, Thycaud, & Trivandrum - 695 014 Public Information Phone: 91 (471) 320940, 334257, 337094 (February 2000) Fax: 91 (471) 334630 - - , m - -- - (1d),(0~ 1U11nO11)I0I0~ 01l6I1j)1 UOm 00 ,)(SU613P36)S 1010(WLUb).y) (1011, ll?~JP)P MJ1JoSAS 113jifl1jo fhr.AS (0oAS6Ufl6 D .J0n OJ1lYO2IIW.]1 WoGarbem U .I111(IV'Dawnysu13p)13 6,S0111ll1.0J1) 11DJ .1,3PI(U1VRjO06H ilIiY 906 .001 I(IWOJIDII (tOl)oJ(JI)-a)(Q13i dhj5l6J'I.fl)d)6)Q0B, ~Ijmm)uf1lC1jO(1lo, (1nin1lf((u 01(l1 ~lA01(1110) U61I](8,)6i~u 0lI6(1I)1( II1110 l~C18L1,1ii'l 1.UJO11)IOZJ) (VO I holoIb I2() I(32~u(iu ,,1160)IJUOO(fli .J,0l (10..J6o(16 (1lJbW11iJ TO .J(d1d013'dJJ0Ufa).1)l0- ow Iil,0.,IrI.l, 1lfl);M4 (S1U6I1 1U)11, dVl(100D1A(0 01011I,1U0d 6i ll.1JVJ01(311(6 1(10) Il)4j1 oj JdJo0 (1(10) IITWOII)0 d),U(~~Ji)ll11hO(0I0)l,06 ~ ~ ,ur~,d1 ,111,)(U1 (J1(0(IIU(l0mE 6( .,I)(1I 3O l0JO(OU,,6l6f11I6jP wIj)boI8oo6j mool(dlo5 Zmardit,, joui) 61A riuji)iml p)o1 )tUO)0)adbl.U1.1o 61nl(1) (1111. l01.Uu 6).a01S1101011(111d161)l1 1) LoJUJUII) (.(616Oo1)(ij,dl1I ,, IU6U(0b)I,l),t0Ifli16MC P!G Q0,f,O(IIS(Ljppp Il1.,flASIloIbO01(3010jo I ll)lf1l0161 ).O6ll 0lOdflo (1)01A610I(O00..10)0p,0nrLVji , 6.041J4(0Lh6))dU,(, IA j,00b jU0& l-3 611 16111U d111(1)1l11)O)10010 N)k1l10JlClOhu 10)UJ(JW1.)1((( IU o~lp, Il.0(,0l 11 C1( D, Ol il0) (I)_)1n ((41 )IdldllXIjfl 0) I1t11UII OIl .. Ilo I I>' IUl01~,l1. 0 U I4111ld4116 lI(l iLl, f. (a0 l lal ((Ii I 6(rU id)C() S(, I 31( 3 I( 8 111(U i36 (ISoll ( dI,0 w( - ) DG ) (IM01)U nilkUlOll )1i(~~~~~~LII3O 1Ifll'Ja),6~~~~~~0u(,le0(l~~~ (Ul0J..U¶llV)I1.~~~~~~jl(O6 ((ill I ~~~~~O ~(Q13)(aIfI4(l 11(0,1361l1. 1166 01..J0 )11Q1.O.1.0ll.U)1o, 01)1160)3611)1 (lIOJUI6l1OU),Wo (Id,(11p)10I0ilG111 ~~~~ ~ ~L(U101I0)0u1lI(hm61db0po6 1l11, dIA6) NOWO DeA o 110 003 luS.oquo"I')l1U1)o 60.1) t~UM ()()W8 .Oi..o PG a"m i ). "1(1DM P?! Fax: 9J141-461-9393rI,1SE u)mu)0 ouflg (0111~~~~~~~01)0 461144. Wixshl~~~~~~~~~~~,,j6(0U.gLQlz uan1pouimopj uaL.1(mnm aae L' fM1e 30 IMD 91.('lmatfll 10(O )0W ..1M13(01(,0 60J0]U (M110(I),O1 'U (OlAt11 IW) (1 01~0)(13110 .111.1105 ((((M 13)O'07C)0 PublwJoGn (a In enr II \1(011061 1,161U1l11l) 111L0M1)116)1D6 . 1(0106 11611)11(106M)11 (120(0,,l :0,(((IMMOBlloo 1CC 31 hI,1311Q311l b'1Ut10061I31i6 0.UhI 11U JUU G).)01) .j6lm1011Vd10101I 116IdIWAOM ll1i .11(111M 11 U(R160(10 Fx 22)5210 - ~~~~~ a.J ~~~~~~~~rnJ _ OLO DO10 (MU) -J A _ Ji 1 J J i J J 'iU9cwxwrwr(9od faLoc(mr53 ocr- joe 'ktwpcrDLqpd (a(cP6LoctFuQ)oc) w^( 20L(mooworcec L°tFsLr-)(M p95 P&qLg19( og<(9P LOV I°Y fFmL(QLf oT(mqpTcQ)cm)crmcnrq P(.QYstqp &t9EWL) omLpoR°mW@m(qmwq 5-L 'L-i ofraLmQQ])mGM 2k°°LOL@) oe-og g0Lpma&r(9 cw-o, ax 'tion9rur wcroLmowtru 'oT(MooPwc9Lf%aws "WEs RL(wLun-)QL cffdf(s LwDc%,c Ea" oLw2ApwgP sra~orw OLPD gn((;L"Vru elDt qit s s(gru p0tQ0da -,t6tr-(g oemoc(w pa0tstvp WLtawwcaDr-dl 'olta)qpNwt(ppDuuncruqv UamcoUTIDtC(w 0TzDr&(94PeDSreDo(W 0?aU)r0(9APLTrL soMtengo-ru pp0r- colc(aQ sL4PToru(s wt(sw (-Q(9cfw0wup)F2r(Qu)(a) * (TloC(o@lJ)mcP PLou LWF;Ow9wtsc(mtr- sottB(mLa(r- @(I)CI i arB .qtrEr-(s etsxptI Ets&MLr0 °rwc(QnUruwE)sf(Q)crDe9srLrcQn'DL0)F OwDCF)f-I VqPtftDLrxu2)a ;crggrw Xwrot (wtnc(wmnran uwtlDr-(s owcor-rl au)(ff c(usDcw%)cruLwm pL WL DaLwwcwru-Dm rv sestclwpuwLoru) -r Tutcfw rQnCW9TWC(W P0(WTStV A^y^n4FA9vU0C(W F.)CDW9)T VTPu10ED ';a)L2vg)UT 0 ra(qL0qpdL U9qm ro nsQ)D)rtQ) poow s56tt^Lwaru @(0ccumom c-5 0 -ruwsya)ru \^'c waxw cw)lCfm s(0043PItal) Qn VrT) vwtqppwe (q4pqoruiawts(wcr-(q tscrWDgs wu)rwocu r&traLglu L0;ADCwEw9r- lowcp-^lrQr .LQ vak°) F)ntst'g U^mcmwLQnrDcru) toLf)(R^wreLexE)ar- (Quncwmo rars acC . ;tust6=gFLUcrDL qrUl ,PLa(w(no(- uwt(tBurt- doc(a tADt(ir-S pLoLQ(0florD (us0Q)CMTt0tr- setli3tramv)S E YboeTS(alo, e0QL(W0 rtraLruraQC o Ac(.9( xdnRft9Q0E)r oo set S i9rWD&=VrB WDf OJ '0t(99Lo)UMC(tWT(94Lf6Lsraor : , t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~wego(aul0selAs) PEU19E?WID"ss %T(P@DFM olroaLndifRraft olma0MwC%.v pLCMW(Qjwg0U9VrUy2)Lw QonbsD ai(ftFu vsLqmr yfWColdagwstwert-o ygnEw0fUtru OV~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- coP-t'u2)r c((gtPDEyn9PLQnE)DCF;5 IE 0DCD - 6fitRruQjn 6 ZE °fw~~~o(gc, C - ditltra(tE) a, r-1 -tu-LDQt(mc(aoLu9, qfqcraLrwwiz E3(ELarmsDT(Qcr-(e L(mccLscr-QrwrwwrtDL) (-LW'Lqp) 0(3Lo) _ 0( o GoJ(Q)nrs,r Q)rW(D wccrrworw W9YrucwtqoLFsra PVL(Ont)r- GCJ3 2warstc( o(WQ)rtert (D mt(0 cre '(g -t0wQLPwC .mnL&lru D (DL(QJ(Ect 9wLm,C Qni^D t r- jw(0 (p O GD WLQ)L(MLW CO C sa) :of,TQ)QnF)DD(P& S(9Mr30Mt Wc(P ruos0D ruto) Pc4G' causOtsC00ru(9Q)wMLWQ)''Lm2)tr, vwnsoQnbDz2)W0Tt otseqTdblc(PTQ)O rm E itsVro,0rsee oocraDLr 509 ,UaCS0U ^WLtt5f(9QJAI;3 Q0fQ)p(0C)or- GC!3 (icncUworFd)lqpz) Uu(eLacrulqwcraD 'o(motw ommirru 2^nERqwo=rD@ WD wcDcvTwo 3,2)E)0Q VwLMCr5DL'(P SOL "O(Q0- (Mt(QIQJsc-rq2n T't()LDt0wO(qCF.C2) -C L(ocroosTsv oloruftfWfsci pDcsFt,em-irus trAALQOE)t)gL)Quw (wr-avL5EwTo)vrrw LoT,&r-I (mcn(omratss ra(sLaijz&)rGeD . aGB -twA^Ldv(PL(2Q)sw 0L(alowcurrwLse wDcoTwo(w qgf;^rq)r- E ffij3foocc(prul(i *F-,2 tN ,"cscw0a(il-BeqrScwtAA9 Lpovlr- wt,D8U-Qnv (wZDr-(gt'q)r- -'E?TmQ)(FuoFcv(920(OID o )tFEV L McmroQnvr Otmaxqscmov ots\,pan ot(coutBaqpwraUorez OM'GPL(m4pTru aLwNwr-ULcnQ)Er- -rT.otqp gvzu(Lpm(c((c(w)c(m ^nc3 (mccoo)LononcMu 'ADoNsctc(sa)(mq(orlsuio reoLfticemu L()LuTwvoLQr- =WLwl Scm YVLw(9LCapA) &-Hi^0^ cnirmL)ncFj)Lo) sostrOwtrN@ (mc5cqfrncfw raeqLRFaqrdsrnD aZi; * 'o?ancruf?RP(WSFaUoall) otrRqPLWGFD MnSC-13 gUCWPCC4WCJanC0 g0LWIWuajs0vT;LW2tru Gset(rL(WoVr- rma c(a)vcvur4ec0svr cnvmcowePTor-l 'oaT(cvTdEmawsarT@mcruo PynPoPcfcrv mmtnsd$ 2ucqc( wc&(xcw)oEsDrur3 yvt)gLom p0(ssomwwP L(gcR'sa) L(aur. ao,qPcrocNa WvLkW eALAmTwrw(l^ s(tc bwrs rirarrTaaca ac * o?&,irLsmcrwr)Trt) 'o?&cipLrwcruraurrw 'otQ)(QLpUmr -L tmL(() cwn ro3tsmcrutQ)qpFb-uK)u yqna&sTVwo'cm O(Olcnw * p(0Lmrw(QLQ)r, 'otncru~utorsa ra(sLtQtw0Q)vt)P oT(PL0)L6wOctA9cK(9 tV'LprScL4(qV5gn t3tq'(PT&f@ .KqarcmI)au?(IIYAor- awNSZ'(9(9wtfDQnO)(D L(mcDWC(ØGIMs5 2LDCVCEU9Tmsu(DSV) YL(09Ql 'Faq)v t(Q)crve! 015 a;tsc( gnajisaus0cqp &-o?wc(wTsF!u(sgn qD)ULrct(vr- Gui ynlcTracwv4p c.a otnwDcoralqT()Q4kL(wLuLran(00r- (TmoYwccsvtoca 'wqpT(.oor-l s(st(mtp(0nr- aZ3 wquctwruLcTtADt c(wrv(g(g - o(ngcqm 'L0t)PfcwEtD9Fv - diti40QUI) 'Q(mg(CQP[ - dJtruVdQlffP .FiQ-) VynwraCCcuG vWt(9LQ)r)fsV(3 90CRWL(Oc(MOr~a (OLPM -(pqmp avcoL(rr- aimcaJnraw rYlmruTom (t5i(J WtLv%0EWtl ,SFWW ( O T rDL(O r?s -C-7 (MLQf,E9D OW(CDLStqM p0Lr3^tracvwc( MBraE&GFL~g^ 0(MwCqD-6iTf'-aQJ$M orarmLD L,(O)r- -"cioC(&WaLp4cvrl)cu(vDLsQa (QIWal(oln(t"LQl) yUvesL0(QI2)(.QU)(onrU ffWTscoz(QLQ)c(ve ° awCO(vcowor-I ,0as i jwcmTwnn)cQOw3 o L(VW(QSWTLW =2)Lv °tewL0Lnc(0avtPlnworut^ovurtQ (sntnrL saLDQ tQ)cg VoLscmLo)r- (Qu)c(nc(nrot3 sStZDm UrMC(Q)?(Wtr Qn(oLrLOLCS(9 Faru '(iscrm(n)Lfrruvc(oL)T( Q) ersn(9-3u nQ)2u94D)tts0o9 oT(cwcmwf'a)L(w py0crwerLftsw .20u ,Sucm,94(qPpLQ)L9LwoowQa lrt?^-ru yonsmnttocr 2r)rmnrarum) oT(msetr=qT0qp[)PTr oT(mulo(sLQcevg2 nw Laissnut ~wLsrswo ¢,d3 aDLft qwNtvt^ rd(sLm3Qlt4@0s^ eoz nD)r It0rs L,Eruznv)WL&Tr46^rawfbi)'g tawTor- q0ULs*wTm c)6,Qlu) MpraLrvooiv 'cwkTu0toZR(ratruu-u ynqptracw)v ^;Lor-(e -taDTcqr-LMCR19Dg0i= -or(g,L,^)UcQ(loteW?(9PL)^r-c3 aIDLoteecTcnnuQm) (Q)(?avtc)CFbiwQ) Lsfqrtsc nil)0rTqprrw c(o)lct(mlacrv(e okocn tDop(-t, co)cps qLnxworw s(TEwwzr?ast ocN(9 Wa9EID9Q '0TWCrnutO`ccw() 0 .( 2tocft 2A)cID TQ)Eg p(lo)Q!ruraltruLr gnotracwcu) (mLor-(.9 r0r-raLrurapa (p)Ltutcrayww(o p0LtoAravonc(n) VEnDgCWoeqprUS LmrDnUuQa .^worsanmom goLs3crULpm)alum oAWLWA g0L(QIDQSof WXc9t,ooqscm)D oorarueq a0(coneauva ^qPLQ0=Qjft y°ve(numwcr)0 Q)CrmLgcwc)c(i)l)tfL) owccocf-l popaoraornD (mctvTrL)cgLq)cqpwocrw otruQ)r-(wiLQ)r- -ofG(PpUmc(o)twTqpraw oQ)ccr-LQ)r- omLTL) ocva)qpp)r-T(Q) '(oora T(mcru 'cosra, VL)(gLMiv L(Q)Lqnupr 'r-SL%p sot(mLoN) cw?qpcovsra,. DjtL(awsw rmc(MLQ)an of(qgQnFln9s;Fww -I'd ll)rqpcan(3 $,WOTU)Osa S(9f(ML(Mnvf- ra WLWOMLFU - c I (D -"cutrum-) wtaccmr-) aTru(xLTTr-vcuwT(wea WL(awwwu)cQ)vTr- UoL(WQJB -Q)Vr- VLro(qvLr-" LsTv uutqpczwd oraTwT(waufLq&cFsw L(wnvr- cA s(gl(mL(wnvr- &Tawru) LQ)cwtLwtsT- PEU)-9wc(DTQ)L(w OLaUQO (MCWWuQm 'pLmtwr-L5ru(9 -iiqmom C-11TO01w 'wor- 'TL-toc" womqrEa nL"F)K)Q)Lw qnqpL(Q)nvr- rur- toolD (a)COTQ)C'qLrrw ,wg)ruo--dT(mw(qEi&qem oQ)Rpr- TiDRucfQf)U-u c?cqo)2nqpTQ)c(q4p2)cwaa)qps) a)lqpt) Fa(qLrmTo-uqL)a a-scc7)u-ufoocruVcq ofan-)Lo-, p(wtsLru pgoM Lpc(v(rwmoTp Q)(gurw(vsc3 'owmcru.q-(Fcrao wo(qTLwLQ)qprvi3 'oTwcriL)T(w2)r-vL9Zqp 2wmpmvr- (moiviFw&cu)cws)Tr- -otraA(awsw Lpffurv ca ot(wLQ)UcDc(2)cwfQ)st(Q) "(9(p) owounL)LsQo LWT(M(.)r-s,(gc(.Q) 'ofwcrL)T5ra(q o(gcpLw 2naaq%cqp (mcocammc(nFuuvLw s(gt(mL(.oovru r-d3 otoEmgwomLw s(.gt(mn-gQ):)(mw d--dTraL(m(-wcruLmQ)wtr- otwLmcruqTcrat) otwpcw2xwwlqpn 'OtREW9WOF- L(wUbxwu2)LQ)r- Tu-tocc-w (cDcvvQnu-L) ff&?raL(mQ)(Q) Ca -of(qqLQ)UMCW'U'Mcruq LW -5 iLDo pUmLtwffuru r-( -iq(qcwTQnn-)(iv oworu L(P)Lmw(wLQir- Tu-toc(w OTWL&69' gnao(MOLT-CLU cwtLwtpro oTLqe2n,4pTooqptscr-lo CP5 cwzogd;Sw otwLqpcRig qpcrEir) o?(q4p2ovfo)c(qgq)(w wcuirwo(w 'wl4pv FaOUCOTffuW3 2-WLWM"Q)qPCTUO-D CO)LQWRDCRO o(qL%gcruq qpcrar) -"Civ?(w(.wT(9vTscqp(qT(o)Sr-(q gnEIR9WI7)Cf)LM LOnD(O)LQ)r- VCTUTOCCW VQo"Q)9Pu-ow(cDcu-rw "ruD 2wLguwrwcrL)LmQ)w?r- wq)R)CWtqpcosFb-w ot(Qiwr" oTcmptv 'otacwNprewraLru po(w2)cw LwLa)tv (SLQ)(wtwxDrLqQ)iD(mw o(gpoLw2vw wiviD ofro"crT.)LmQ)wfm jfruano)vijoca) LwrLi (Lfqpcroac3 ongto qo)cqwcr-sw L(-Q)CMF- Ca pp)3 (o)cLDN4;,Lm2)LcD oTFaymLo)ns)cwEmqr- oT(QiwlswL(aLwracm (Q)WLscqPD (VM(CDtcqPID otrt)cwcrT-)Lma)wTr,u oTrc)aoQ)Fjo(-LD LrDTFj nqFTwLpoo(q (m[faro ofruooW fmo) woolr- olwLoocf5w(qL(wcc3 -"C(Q)LtSF!kq2ncs paj)9raunt) (mcraw)tu (%Tftra()v 'raa=2)rus) 'oLwrL)cgcg pL(wc,5 -VfoqLQ)'WL(QIWQ)TFV 'w.qc(p)(wfovLQiruLru cMawmLru (w(v(qTvcasi3 6oomuoto UmcoqpL(=RDc(w rbowcurwceiv 9L (.WN&LQ)Lr-LQnFjx)g)LW PLpc'q'ynm omocnraw Q)(gR) Ac4p(q pato Wpaowm wmw(N oT(vEpcrLi) (2)(f)C(Q)(MON otmrunc(mLom 07(2)WCCW c)c)tf'-EcqPv PLPLPLO) (mc(vTtsc(mVIWQ'w (qvacru amcamaea (mLQnF)I) occwto (Wcnc(p)(f) 'OQ)Cruwrw F)Cwt)uu 'QW(WLsp OTRMO PumvLolm QIE)) (woostv -oN,cow)&7m) wcw(qcmmwcmwojf)) -VutrawLmDomq tmcmwruQm WLti=wccwru7Q)F- Lo)u)c)(Q)Lnrazs 0 go,(PMwQln) ac qncrwr)faLwfsR(Av(wo)c(o) UcDcoT&cwwwc(ms)m cmrow(ycwnr (wT(94PLpra (rato TwxwtovcPsw Loam- acfa %or(m(-wcg(w "C(WCWTOczwto "wTffDru(9 Q)cu-LQ)r- (99mw)Qtw 0-Okwa owqpcrai)ruQjw two a-Wr-LoNy R(gaagsIFE-co) fmc(MLF)rQlo) pvwQ)cv toom (mroTQorL)Qiw (wqnEm97Q),Tarw c(Q))c(mrc)zs mcmocotow a pan9mo4ro 'oraurw ';Lrv (mcoacnLpqTru auNrca"d (9vgnTLweTru oralotatwN(poftsw -pangTo)cco, (mcw7vroQLw wLtwcwfEru(g ot(mc(pf(WU-curw L(-Q)(Tz)rv c( 'Vcrws)f(mL)f, Umcc)cFD(o) pcft 2)Rbco c5 ffof(mLpcA(m(qL(Q)(rvru Of(mqPfc9vFU-uLw 2)wfru 'g p(mL(a)fr- 2nqpe.(g (mcsr- (mcour-Imumv-5 0 0MCOMOM -utqc(mvLwruLLQecoc5(w qpLwlr- ?Q)Eg cwtwwtsR-(qLaru(q -Vmq%)o&w (mcm%nrurQiw fwu-o(qcmuT- o(WIn(wCrug s(gt(mLscr-LQ)r- cmw (McwTU-rQ;c(-Lu 2ucrutovpconj (mcmLaTrU DQ)qPFU gpaaqracr- (mjiru ffDcoQnruQm oalru p(paug S(gr(CDLSCFULQ)ru(mw VCT-T(DO(W omul)aorux) (9(pw)lc(a) ncmwoArw scqt&qpt§cr(-tq%) W (MLstcol PUucwc(P 0 -,(PT(QiwTQ)roTF-'o(' (a)wvQ)tcw oT(ms(9T5c(PQ)qpTQ)Jt VDOOcwqp 0 WL(Q)Qii)) Vqpunnruru eff(Vwcrut(s L(Mwtru L(Q)Ovr- Lqppw owu-pr- lTT(qvc(mQ)(9wz) goqFfr-u(3rx) toot-w . WCO?'(Pcw(Q)4pT(mv-( WcFuf(9vQ)L(Q) PPF-c9 MI)TO WL(Q)(IJ-)TRD9sf(Q) -qptffbr-(g ocqpUw Odawwsotoou oTrueQm mcoQnruQo Wocwqp 0 Lprmr- ac gnEwTo)cqp (mcmLEAm qptapLf[fwruLmQ)wTf- pumLpLo) ',v1qpcruz)T(ojoj vFg o(mr(w '"CM-Wfcopaw LcwcocfD(Q) pLcmo(gVQorr)cT(Q)em '[WLFU U(qu-acwv (MCQ4QnFurm WL(QwwrweLru a L(onvmw(awq)rur,ul (affl9q)Lw2m1r, (wcrL)LmQ)wfr- No gr,(qgn( PaOTO)Cqp -"T(.wtsF,'(.qqnc Amrucwt(mor- &(gcw) pLOang(Dort, (mc(mLvcpjv qpfoTcod8a 2Q)(wLftq)cr-Lc)oco 'qpT(q(poT,7 olroouW owQnr-I rwcfx)LmQ)wTr- (lDfL90'j9)jN19CL(P(9 (MC(CDL(QQ)Q)fF- Uu)cvTFu(a)L(wW cQO ofrL)c(pLcwcwvc(w s(9l&Euiqw?s -paDT(g4ppLfL(Limpr- Laauru c',H3 iugcFZM?CQID)2)rr) ;Col)enqmfm)Lfl) L(D)U)CQ)Z)rFu S(9rdqpLuBru oF6uLpTLw :TcwT(qeLQ)Lanccw(q LxqLqmcrusca,criav cTc3Ewwo(mLw 'of(mL(.o)LurwLQ)r- Tu-toccw c-5jTraU-L)raLtD L(M("CMLWM2)Tr- owor- TuuT-w-c-(w--u-DT(-mor-)c%(qcw) ."ML(DIAS(Du PL(qoalqqp Lacncom?r- ofms(qT(mrL)L"T- VEa9rwOts?qP M (mc(mmOTMAO LOI,w '9nc&rL)mUu T(QioLgLjqp '01(MGC9ZOM9(f)CE)U-L) lor(a)G(qT&Ew(mcvto(w cqmc"[)U- CwT(qVpya)LcQgc(DrWIDC(w poca)Lwo)Tr 2Q)(gow 9)cFi)Lo wor L(wLmw(a)LQ)r- '(FL(Q),mvc(-w Uu(qL(QLQ)Sra7E)caw PLoaRqQjr)F):)Ml G,513 (1)) C9 c s NP "t9tF-Lana)Lo)r, PL=W(11qQ)qp6r-fQ) -" ML(2)pr-(q sc97(cDL(-Q)cmrv oT(mrL)(a)ccmLF.)QjD 'osFuuwromw mc&w%ro-rrw ratwLar-I Ftcs(gcco)oetw o?(mo,?(gvLQr)f)r)2)Lw VEwo)ruU7)vQf)Uu s(q?(cDFu(rDc(mLF)QJD 2Q)cg4yc(EJFS(t) 'O(MCL19Q)L(-I)FdCTni) -w-9c(wu-DTLwPcwLrmL(wr-) PL- pru ymco,9,Tar)r-I ruLcw(Ou gnEwooco LpLuTw(wpv Scql&,WLEW(q W(Otw al)GOTWro(iw L(QkWTQ)LnFouJ qnEWq7Q)qpcwlu (9)(DC(o)(MON Ltf7)Cc9lCa"R W(MrTJLUL)T- QnCIE90-tVCWrllCj 'PEWrWOZSNP Ql,)Z6r-OL(WLqTW ff-Wrati-waLm 'oT(mqpT(Qto)sw 2o)Lwl!mra 'c)(wru(q(9-o(m9cRpv 'LQ)&Dca)Emqr,(fi7f-raQta) 'otraL&o-aqQnroTQ)a UoLpcrd 'LsZV-TSC(q)C(WrLwCFsw L(g)(air" KI:q(w '(PLplomomo Vp)Ml)crw (MCtOE)r-WCWL(Q)a-3 L(W'L(W'U- -"?CWIoq)cocFm(w .(u9C(.Q)CLV(ft- qpT(qgc(mL(aLn)2)Tr, Laizsw tpcoqpL(,r)c(mrL)cr,,l L(wCMrl, P(QUADMEW(D ruLcwT- (dWg) owcmU-oorw uno)Fj LpLan-oLpru (VqS) 'owivLrLw L(wLurwLQ)r- omcovLmov 'IAMQMLAN qPtS(1)1) OQ)c'G'LWOe'H) ct(Mu(qLQ)CcqaQ)rw WCUTWO(W (T(M$-)(qLWcru9qpcrdv 'Pui-) (qeLwumtw cocIffi(W pd "C(ML,(Ppw OTWCMcrul 'Offripcwtwm PDaqQf)F)v2)LW L(QLwscL) gnFingwor- (PL(morwo(Lu mcmTQnrL)(&o) Tf-LQ)mQns) 2nuoQ)rr)Lru L(mcwvQnLru P(.gL,Qcrugqpcral) 'OT(a)C(D(MMvU-u 'OT(q7qnElaqwm(MLW S(q?oqprQ)C&uq)(W f&LoTqr(mLqL(onvr- otra,.ToQia) yDcwt(qo)c(mL(omq)Trj L"c§Lpcogra, z L(jz)avr- r-a (i)cuT,a)o(w Eulqpz) owqmewo(w LoLuniipr- -"T9F-LcwcnLp)r- r7,)(mc(mLvOLw FEWTQ)qpr-cw raLw LLQ)Ovr- ALAII'UZIIA KOTTAYAM FEEDEIR CANAL ALAPPU7AIA CITANGANASSERY FEEDER CANA,L KOTTAYAM VAIKOM FEEDER CANIAL \ q < ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~]22 ~~~~~~~~(NOr To .r.Al F) I~~~~~~~~~~~~' k /~ _~n ICSi ! J ANHU UKXCCC |KOTTANAm - YSIKONI FFEDEIZ CANAL AILPPUZH KTITiYAM ''f FEDER CANAL _, i21- / ALAPPU'ZIIA C CiANoNASSERY I FFEDER CANAL I -~~~~~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __I_ _ _ _ _ _ _ I :ocvw)o re u-u I 0?(CDL(-Q)Crur~ ~~~Q)EU Q)(u-7')v os-Q -u rucqu L q(-9 w wo9rw 3OL)crE) OCU)C iEFti) EtH 5 D1H )3 Z90 lL LSC5-! LD-B ' CS' T C L(@LP QOO tCs/ [9r0?roslt( cs ~J5~)c~ID ) Q??3L( )C)F ( 9CYt(9(9 WCOU)°QC1I ~Q)JCg) Z- *~~Wy