The World Bank Somalia - Horn of Africa Infrastructure Integration Project (P173119) Appraisal Environmental and Social Review Summary Appraisal Stage (ESRS Appraisal Stage) Public Disclosure Date Prepared/Updated: 10/19/2021 | Report No: ESRSA01441 Oct 19, 2021 Page 1 of 14 The World Bank Somalia - Horn of Africa Infrastructure Integration Project (P173119) BASIC INFORMATION A. Basic Project Data Country Region Project ID Parent Project ID (if any) Eastern Africa AFRICA EAST P173119 Project Name Somalia - Horn of Africa Infrastructure Integration Project Practice Area (Lead) Financing Instrument Estimated Appraisal Date Estimated Board Date Transport Investment Project 9/22/2021 12/1/2021 Financing Borrower(s) Implementing Agency(ies) Ministry of Finance Ministry of Public Works, Reconstruction and Housing Proposed Development Objective The Project Development Objective is to prepare a spatially coordinated investment pipeline of economic corridor Public Disclosure projects, and to strengthen the national government’s management of the transport and trade sectors. Financing (in USD Million) Amount Total Project Cost 63.00 B. Is the project being prepared in a Situation of Urgent Need of Assistance or Capacity Constraints, as per Bank IPF Policy, para. 12? No C. Summary Description of Proposed Project [including overview of Country, Sectoral & Institutional Contexts and Relationship to CPF] The SHIIP aims to prepare the foundation for the integration of Somalia with the greater Horn of Africa. The proposed project aims at supporting capacity development and undertaking of distinct analytical and technical studies for (i) regional specific activities identified under the HoA Initiative related to regional economic corridors (roads and trade, and related digital and energy infrastructure as may be applicable), and (ii) national specific activities associated with localized linkages to the economic corridors and interconnection between member states. Particularly, the proposed project will address sector analytical gaps and prepare the studies and designs necessary for future project investments in these sectors, while establishing building blocks for medium to longer term capacity building. Although Oct 19, 2021 Page 2 of 14 The World Bank Somalia - Horn of Africa Infrastructure Integration Project (P173119) no civil works are envisioned under this project, the various studies and capacity building activities are intended to lay the groundwork for future work and potential follow on projects. D. Environmental and Social Overview D.1. Detailed project location(s) and salient physical characteristics relevant to the E&S assessment [geographic, environmental, social] Situated in the Horn of Africa, Somalia is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, the Gulf of Aden to the north, the Guardafui Channel and Somali Sea to the east, and Kenya to the southwest. With a total land area of 637,657 km2 and situated between 2°S and 12°N latitudes and 41° and 52°E longitudes, Somalia has the longest coastline on Africa's mainland. The country’s terrain consists mainly of plateaus, plains and highlands. Climatically, hot conditions prevail year-round, with periodic monsoon winds and irregular rainfall. Somalia is a generally dry and arid country, with poor rainfall that averages only 100 mm in the northeast and between 200 and 300 mm in the central plateaus annually: most of the country receives less than 500 mm of rain. Therefore, the unavailability of water is one of the most pressing problems in the country. The country has only two permanent rivers, the Jubba and the Shabelle, both of which begin in the Ethiopian highlands and flow southwards. Decades of civil war and political fragmentation have made Somalia one of the poorest countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Nearly seven of 10 Somalis live in poverty, the sixth-highest rate in the region. Poverty cuts across sectors, location, group and gender, and its forms and causes vary. According to the World Bank-funded Somali Poverty and Vulnerability Assessment (undertaken in 2019), almost nine of 10 Somali households are deprived of at least one fundamental dimension: access to income, electricity, education, or water and sanitation. Access to services is Public Disclosure particularly limited for the rural population, internally displaced persons (IDPs) and nomads. Despite better conditions in cities, urban populations still struggle with hunger, high absolute poverty (64%), and high non-monetary poverty (41%). Poverty is both widespread and deep, and unless appropriate policies are implemented, persistent poverty and vulnerability will impede future economic and social development. In terms of environment and social risk management framework specifically, there are three major strands: i) safeguards ESF instruments supporting the project itself, ii) safeguards ESF instruments developed as project outputs necessary for subsequent investment projects (whether or not funded by the Bank) being prepared within this incubator, and iii) broader institutional strengthening for environmental and social capacities within relevant Federal entities. The fourth one will be CERC component if triggered. D. 2. Borrower’s Institutional Capacity The project will be implemented by the Federal Government of Somalia with adequate involvement and consultation with the participating Federal Member States (FMS) as required. Although the implementation arrangements are still evolving, a Project Coordination Unit (PCU) will be established at the Ministry of Public Works, Reconstruction and Housing. The unit will be responsible for the overall project coordination including environmental and social risk management and the coordination of project activities between the various economic and infrastructure sectors. The technical line ministries will be responsible for technical activity implementation and environmental and social risk management. The specific responsibilities will be clarified within a Memorandum of Understanding between the PCU and sectoral ministries. Some of the participating sectors have had some experience in the implementation of projects funded by multi-lateral organizations (including the World Bank) therefore acquiring varying level of exposure to international best practice in the management of environment and social risks and impacts. Oct 19, 2021 Page 3 of 14 The World Bank Somalia - Horn of Africa Infrastructure Integration Project (P173119) Despite these experiences, capacity for environmental and social risk management remains limited, more so for large infrastructure projects spanning several ministries and a massive geographic footprint. There is a dearth of sufficient environmental and social risk management capacity in Somalia. There are very few policies, laws, and regulations for national or State-level environmental and social oversight of development activities. There is virtually no institutional framework that would serve as anchor for environmental and social risk management. To address this capacity gap, activities for robust capacity enhancement of the environmental and social safeguards skills and competencies of the project’s PCU will be in-built into the project design under the capacity building component 3. An preliminary Capacity enhancement Plan that shall outline the level of efforts, resources and budget is provided as separate annex to Project Appraisal Document. This will cover both identification and training of E&S personnel as well as development of E&S systems to guide project implementation in this preparatory phase and beyond. The specific details of noted plan will be developed as part of the wider TA activities and provide also links to other capacity enhancement activities in Somalia, including a respective MDTF. The component will focus on enhancing the environmental and social risk management capacity of the PCU and relevant ministries and sector. This include undertaking a focused capacity needs assessment with a costed training plan, building basic understanding of social and environmental safeguards, establishment of procedures and templates, conducting regional and national training workshops, supporting a study tour for Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) and civil society representatives, coordination and cooperation with other development partners including IFIs and bilateral agencies, and a draft road map for the FGS and the associated FMS’s for establishing and enhancing own country environmental and social safeguards system. A training module will be developed, which will serve to introduce FGS project teams to Environmental and Social Standards, procedures and instruments. This module will be adopted by the government in Public Disclosure the process of planning, designing and implementing nation-wide infrastructure projects and programs. Project-level environmental and social standards responsibility will be with specially-appointed units within the participating line ministries. The Directorate of Environment and Climate Change (DoECC), domiciled at the Office of the Office of the Prime Minister, is expected to have a cross-sectoral oversight role in the management of environmental risks and impacts while discussions on the identification of a similar entity for the management of social risks and impacts are ongoing. While the contemporary capacity of the DoECC to undertake robust environmental and social Risk management is limited, this project will inject significant institutional capacity enhancement efforts in the Directorate, boosting the available skills and competencies to deliver on infrastructure projects and programs. Similarly capacity enhancement support would need to be extended to other relevant Government departments as per the Capacity Building Action Plan. II. SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL (ES) RISKS AND IMPACTS A. Environmental and Social Risk Classification (ESRC) High Environmental Risk Rating High While the project activities as envisaged will not involve construction or rehabilitation works, there exists significant potential for cumulative environmental risks and impacts arising from successor projects throughout the life cycle of the larger program. We expect that there will be both direct and indirect environmental and social impacts arising from Component I and Component II, as well as from future construction and the operation of future projects. Potential projects in the pipeline will involve multiple sectors, such as road transport, ports, energy, and ICT. Civil Oct 19, 2021 Page 4 of 14 The World Bank Somalia - Horn of Africa Infrastructure Integration Project (P173119) works may involve new construction and/or rehabilitation of infrastructures. The envisaged cumulative, incremental environmental risks and impacts may include loss of vegetation, soil erosion, soil and groundwater pollution, air pollution, public health impacts such as traffic hazards, noise, dust, e-waste, and potential loss of livelihoods. In addition, there is likelihood of occurrence of risks related to occupational health and safety of project workers. The client’s capacity to address and mitigate the identified environmental risks is weak. Therefore, the environmental risk rating is adjudged as High at this time. The rating will be confirmed as project design firms up during appraisal. Social Risk Rating High As the project focuses on upstream investments/TA, specific identification of downstream risks and impacts of consequent investments, not as part of this project, can only be assessed as part of this process during project implementation. The assessment of risks at appraisal stage is therefore based on the nature of the menu of activities and in consideration of the broader country context and system, and consistent with precautionary and conservative approach. The project will have cumulative positive impacts arising from the expected cross-sectoral infrastructure improvements that will lead to the development of the country including areas with poor and vulnerable populations. Activities within the project life cycle will be limited to formulation of policy, program, analytical and feasibility studies and detailed reports to support future investment projects coupled with capacity building initiatives. Risk classification is proposed as High for social aspects, primarily based on expected downstream risks and impacts, fragility and lack of capacity. The project would need to take into consideration the contextual risks including conflict and security situations, capacity, Gender Based Violence (GBV)/Sexual Exploitation Abuse and Harassment (SEAH) risk, as well as the potential impacts and risks of activities under Component for Climate Emergency Response. The key anticipated direct social risks during the lifespan of the project relates to health and safety of the workers/professionals to be engaged under the project for delivery of various studies and capacity Public Disclosure building activities, above all if travelling to high-risk areas of the country. The likelihood of social risks impacting on project delivery and project activities exacerbating harm to human health is assessed as substantial. These risks are mainly attributed to the delivery of detailed designs and report during the project life cycle and the cumulative downstream project risks and impacts resulting from implementation of project outputs. Direct risks from the preparation of detailed designs during project implementation phase relate to security, site selection bias, elite capture and access to project sites for community consultations and surveys. There exists significant potential for cumulative downstream social risks and impacts arising from successor projects throughout the life cycle of the larger program. Cumulative risks and impacts from implementation of post project activities relate to civil works and associated risks and impacts such as land acquisition, involuntary resettlement, security risks, labor influx, inward migration, gender-based violence, elite capture of project benefits, use of child labor, human trafficking, exclusion and access to beneficiaries for effective consultations and grievance redress. The client’s capacity to address and mitigate the identified social risks is weak. The delivery of detailed designs and reports and other outputs prepared during the project would require to align with Bank ESF and should include recommendations for addressing potential impacts that are consistent with ESS1 to 8 and 10. It should be noted, while the Association is not financing any construction and thus is not responsible for the standards of construction implementation, it remains at the Association’s discretion to cancel the financing if in its judgment the Borrower’s actions of any commencing construction activities deriving from the Project’s design developments are contrary to or threaten to seriously compromise the purpose of the TA, including its ESF-related aspects. The environmental and social impacts and risks will need to be assessed and mitigated consistent with ESF should the CERC be triggered and, if so, when the activities under CERC component will be known. Oct 19, 2021 Page 5 of 14 The World Bank Somalia - Horn of Africa Infrastructure Integration Project (P173119) B. Environment and Social Standards (ESSs) that Apply to the Activities Being Considered B.1. General Assessment ESS1 Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts Overview of the relevance of the Standard for the Project: ESS1 applies to all components of the project due to the cumulative and incremental environmental and social risks associated with project activities post-ante, more specifically the consequent, not part of the project, rehabilitation and reconstruction of existing infrastructure, as well as the construction of new physical infrastructure of roads, ports, and energy infrastructure planned for implementation as successor projects. It is envisaged that this project will result in outcomes that will include feasibility studies and detailed designs, which will be used to seek investments for civil works projects. The exact scope and related locations of the successor projects have not yet been identified and thus detailed risk assessments will be part of the feasibility and design studies to be undertaken by the Project during implementation. In terms of Environment and Social Framework specifically, there are three major strands to be addressed (plus the CERC): i) ESF instruments supporting the current project itself by addressing direct and immediate risks during its implementation. To manage the project’s stakeholder engagement, a Stakeholder Engagement Plan with an Inclusion Plan and Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) has been prepared for the project based on the potential activities under the various component of the project. In addition to the SEP, an Environmental and Social Commitment Plan Public Disclosure (ESCP) has been prepared: the ESCP lists out the various commitments of the Somali government towards the delivery of the project during implementation phase that is consistent with ESF. Labor Management Procedures (LMP) for project staff (including consultants hired for the project to staff the PCU, as well as workers engaged by Consultancy Firms to prepare various technical studies including feasibility studies and detailed engineering designs) shall be prepared and shall include security risks management procedures and GBV/SEAH mitigation action plan before Board approval. ii) Broader institutional strengthening for environmental and social capacities within relevant Federal entities. An outline for the Strategic Capacity Enhancement Plan (Strategic Plan for Capacity Enhancement of Environmental and Social Risks Management in Somalia) with level of support required and approximate funding needs shall be included in the Project Appraisal document. The detailed Plan preparation and implementation is included as an activity in Component 3 of the project. The Project commits to provide appropriate funding for the implementation of said plan. Consequently, and as part of the wider capacity development activities of the project, (sector-)specific capacity enhancement plans for the participating sectors (Energy, Transport, Digital, Ports, and Fisheries) and implemented in line with the strategic capacity enhancement plan. iii) ESF instruments developed as project outputs necessary for subsequent investment projects will be prepared under this project to guide the larger infrastructure program. TORs for a multi-sectoral Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA) will be prepared within six months after project effectiveness. The SESA will be a useful tool for optimizing the project for environment, and social benefits downstream in the subsequent successor phases but also to guide feasiblity and inclusion of risk Oct 19, 2021 Page 6 of 14 The World Bank Somalia - Horn of Africa Infrastructure Integration Project (P173119) management measures in the respective design studies. The focus of the multi-sectoral SESA would be to establish the likely E&S impacts of increased regional trade and development spurred by the follow-on projects, with different volumes or sections focusing on the different sectors addressed by the Project (Energy, Ports/Transport, Digital, and Ports/Fisheries). The SESA would cover all the sectors included in the proposed project and would include screening criteria and processes for project and route selection, for instance, and would be useful for ESS6 by employing available tools such as IBAT, IUCN and UNESCO resources, national inventories. TORs for the SESA for relevant sectors would be developed six months into project effectiveness and agreed with the Bank, while the SESA exercise shall be prepared synchronously with the preparation of National Transport Policy and Strategy for Road Sector and Trade facilitation to be supported under Component 3. The findings, conclusions and recommendations of the SESA will be validated with regional stakeholders and will thereafter be integrated into the national and regional infrastructure sector programs. As part of environmental and social due diligence, TORs for an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF), Resettlement Planning Framework and a Security Management Framework will be prepared, cleared and disclosed prior to Board approval. Each of the framework documents will detail a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) commensurate to the magnitude of anticipated risks and impacts. These TOR will be developed to assess and address gaps in relation to the ESF and Good International Industry Practice (GIIP). These frameworks are expected to inform the ToRs and outputs of various studies, analytics during the implementation phase of the project. The relevant E&S instruments compliant with Bank Policy will be prepared along with the feasibility studies and technical detailed designs supported under the project. The relevant E&S instruments may include ESIA, ESMP, RAP/ARAP, Labor Management Plan, GBV Action Plan, and Security Management Plan as required and comensurate to the risks. Public Disclosure All these ToRs and outputs prepared during implementation phase of the project will be subject to stakeholder consultations and disclosure. (iv) ESF instruments applicable to CERC component. The activities to be supported under the CERC component component will only be known if and when the CERC would be triggered. The environmental and social risks and impacts of this component will also be subject to E&S risk assessment and preparation of mitigation instruments that aligns with applicable ESS 1 to 10. Anticipated environmental risks and impacts: Environmental risks and impacts are characterized as High for the project. This is because, although this project itself is likely to have only limited to no environmental impacts, some of the subsequent projects in the roads, energy and ports sub-sectors are likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts, some of which may be irreversible (such as ports dredging). Furthermore, because of the scale of proposed activities post-ante, cumulative environmental impacts of the project are likely to be significant. Cumulative environmental risks include include loss of vegetation, soil erosion, soil and groundwater pollution, air pollution, public health impacts such as traffic hazards, noise, dust, and loss of livelihoods. These impacts need to fully identified and the appropriate mitigating measures clearly defined and costed in this project’s outputs, and be incorporated into the project's overall budget. Significant risks exist in Somalia related to climate. Climate change will increasingly impact Somalia for the foreseeable future due to many factors. Climate-related impacts are already being felt and will likely increase in magnitude. The impacts include higher average temperatures, increasing frequencies and severity of drought, changing rainfall patterns, and increased climate variability and uncertainties thereof, especially for the rain-fed Oct 19, 2021 Page 7 of 14 The World Bank Somalia - Horn of Africa Infrastructure Integration Project (P173119) farming systems in south-central Somalia. These conditions have a bearing on agricultural production and national economic trends. The recent devastating droughts in the country, which have been linked to climate change, adversely affected not only the prospects for sustained economic growth across the country, but also contributed to displacement and general insecurity in large parts of the country. The changing climatic patterns have implications for Somalia’s national infrastructure assets and future plans. The project team will, therefore, work on climate proofing the subsequent investments planned in the sub-sectors targeted in this project. The process for integrating suitable measures in the designs developed will be a requirement of the project. Measures may be engineering or non- engineering options. For example, engineering options for climate proofing roads may include a consideration of the subsurface conditions, material specifications and drainage and erosion. Anticipated key social risks and impacts: Noting that there are no physical investments in this project, subsequent projects designed under this project may encounter significant risks. From the nature of the proposed menu of activities and in consideration of the broader country context and system, and consistent with precautionary and conservative approach the following are the potential social risks and impacts. a) Security- Protracted conflict and insecurity in some parts of Somalia makes direct access to project sites for effective stakeholder engagement and community participation including grievance redress challenging. It potentially puts project workers in imminent danger of attacks and kidnapping by armed groups. b) Exclusion- With security being a considerable risk, the risk challenge of ensuring the project reaches the poor, vulnerable and minorities is amplified. c) Selection bias and elite capture. In the context of fragility, endemic poverty and the formal state machinery still emerging against a backdrop of protracted conflict, the probability of project activities and site selection being Public Disclosure influenced by complex clan-based and social dynamics, rather than the logical dictates of analytical and feasibility studies, Detailed designs is very much probable. d) Land acquisition and resultant displacement impacts. (e) Gender Based Violence (f) Labor influx and associated risks ESS10 Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure The project has engaged with diverse array of stakeholders. An Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) with an Inclusion Plan and Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) has been prepared for the project based on the potential activities under the various component of the project. Stakeholder consultations have been held on the project description, scope under various component and it’s associated environmental and social risks. In particular capacity gaps on managing environmental and social risks were deliberated during stakeholder consultations. Formal consultations with project stakeholders in Somalia have been undertaken on at least four occasions, with some of the consultations conducted virtually in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic in the country. An initial in-situ introductory and planning meeting was conducted between the World Bank and the representatives of the Somali government in Mogadishu, Somalia, in February 2020 which involved important stakeholders including line ministries, federal member of states, other ministries and stakeholders from the various economic sectors. Subsequent meetings have been conducted in 2021: respectively on April 25 (in-situ), July 18 and July 29 (the last two conducted virtually). The project SEP identifies, characterizes and provides procedures for engaging actors in the infrastructure spectrum in Somalia, including private sector players in the arena of ports, roads, energy, ICT, and Fisheries. This plan includes Oct 19, 2021 Page 8 of 14 The World Bank Somalia - Horn of Africa Infrastructure Integration Project (P173119) stakeholder identification and analysis, plans for engagement (e.g. type, regularity, etc.) that includes reaching out to disadvantaged and vulnerable groups and culturally appropriate engagement methods, availability of budget and personnel for engagement, robust and well documented mechanisms to provide feedback to stakeholders on how their inputs are considered, communication activities and grievance redress mechanisms. This plan clearly outlines both the initial and ongoing process by which stakeholders will be engaged to ensure the design of the project aligns with stakeholders current and ongoing needs. As part of the SEP, an Inclusion Plan (with measures to ensure inclusion of disadvantaged and vulnerable groups in planned future project activities and benefits including provision of project-related job opportunities) has been prepared. The Inclusion Plan highlights the necessary steps for the project to become inclusive of, and accessible to people in Somalia who may be discriminated against and excluded due to disability, gender, geography, income, age or other characteristics. The Plan also ensures that the particular needs of segments of society, including vulnerable groups such as children, youth, persons with disabilities, people living with HIV, older persons, marginalised peoples, and internally displaced persons in the country are included in the package of outputs to be delivered under SHIIP. Further consultations will be necessary as the project design evolves. The project team will take cognizance of COVID- related caveats with regards to consultation and participation in these meetings. Primarily the project will engage with the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS), who will be responsible for project implementation and management, as well as relevant Federal Member States (FMS). Non-state stakeholders such as Development Partners (DPs), communities, infrastructure companies present in Somalia will be engaged regularly through the life of the project, as well as in the succeeding phase of the program. Public Disclosure The SEP also include a project-specific Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) which will link to mechanisms at the point of service provision and will have separate and confidential mechanisms for receiving complaints of sexual exploitation and abuse and sexual harassment, as well as other forms of GBV. The GRM will address complaints and suggestions coming from both project-beneficiaries parties and other interested parties. The GRM will also embed a wider beneficiary feedback mechanism that would also look at e.g. service standards, beneficiary satisfaction, and other citizen engagement tools. The project will ensure inclusion of marginalized and minority groups through project design. The SESA, ESMF, RPF shall identify disadvantaged or vulnerable individuals or groups and their differential needs and provide for measures in context of the project. The Inclusion plan account for cultural, language, remoteness, accessibility and local authority structures. The issue of applicability of ESS7 for specific activities downstream will be will be further investigated during preparation, and given the nature of the project any related requirements if applicable, can be addressed in updates to SEP and TOR for relevant activities. B.2. Specific Risks and Impacts A brief description of the potential environmental and social risks and impacts relevant to the Project. ESS2 Labor and Working Conditions Labor use on the project: The project will engage direct workers mainly consisting of civil servants as well as hired project staff mainly individual consultants for the PCU or Consultancy Firms hired to conduct analytical, feasibility and Oct 19, 2021 Page 9 of 14 The World Bank Somalia - Horn of Africa Infrastructure Integration Project (P173119) detailed studies as contract workers. The staff will be subject to national labor laws and ILO standards as well as ESS2. Potential risks related to labor and working conditions include (1) occupational health and safety risks; (2) child labor; (3) labor influx and associated risks; (4) labor disputes over terms and conditions of employment; (5) discrimination and exclusion of vulnerable, minorities and disadvantaged groups; (6) security risks (workers exposure to attacks by armed groups), and; (7) GBV targeted at project workers. To mitigate these risks, Labor Management Procedures (LMP) will be developed and cleared by the Bank before Board approval for the project. To address potential risks to workers safety, the LMP will include mitigation measures in compliance with the provisions of ESS2. The LMP shall include mitigation measures for OHS risks. The LMP shall also include security management procedures and GBV/SEAH mitigation measures. Additional measures in the LMP shall include a code of conduct for project workers to protect the community from GBV/SEAH risk. ESS3 Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management ESS3 is relevant to the project. It is likely that this project will prepare the analytical underpinnings, feasibility studies and detailed engineering designs for possible subsequent follow-on projects such as road and port reconstruction and rehabilitation works . These follow-on projects may likely include the use of a range of materials like asphalt, cement and others during their execution phase. In addition, in the possible subsequent follow-on projects there might be significant users of material resources like gravel and stone from borrow pits and quarries. The projects implemented may therefore likely be significant users of energy, soil, water and other natural resources. The envisaged cumulative, incremental environmental risks and impacts due to successor project activities and the larger Public Disclosure program are likely to include soil and groundwater pollution, air pollution, air quality problems, dust and noise pollution. To address these possible short-term and long-term impacts, the ESMF prepared to guide the ToRs and outputs of this project will include procedures for ensuring that successor projects adopt more efficient and effective resource use, pollution prevention and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission avoidance. In addition, successor projects will prepare ESMPs which will include standard operating procedures and good construction management practices, including those proposed in WB Environmental and Health Safety Guidelines (EHSGs). ESS4 Community Health and Safety ESS4 is relevant to the project. As the project will be carrying out studies, data collection and consultations for the various outputs under the project in areas experiencing fragility due to endemic poverty, recurrent droughts, occasional floods and protracted conflict and insecurity, some project activities may require use of armed security. Risks associated with use of armed security could include risks for workers engaged by Consulting Firms and community safety and GBV/SEA. Protracted conflict and insecurity in some parts of Somalia makes direct access to project sites for effective stakeholder engagement and community participation including grievance redress challenging. It also puts project workers in imminent danger of attacks and kidnapping by armed groups. Respective provisions are being integrated into the LMP as noted above. To address downstream risks related to GBV/SEA, a GBV mitigation action plan will be developed along with the Design Reports involving civil works. Measures outlined in the GBV action plan will include; gender appropriate Oct 19, 2021 Page 10 of 14 The World Bank Somalia - Horn of Africa Infrastructure Integration Project (P173119) community consultations and sensitization, culturally appropriate mechanisms for raising awareness of potential risks of GBV/SEA, hiring of GBV experts for the project implementation and monitoring (such as in the PCU), identification and mapping of GBV referral pathways, and establishment of a GRM with procedures and channels to enable safe, confidential and ethical reporting of GBV incidents. Similarly, to address the risks associated with community safety, mitigatory measures consistent with ESS4 will be included in the ToRs and outputs of this project such as ESMF, Security Management Framework, SESA. An ESMP, the noted GBV Action Plan and a site specific Security Management Plan shall be developed along with the technical detailed designs prepared as outputs of the project. To assess and mitigate these risks, the ToRs for the Feasibility, detailed designs, SESA etc.. shall be prepared and cleared during implementation phase of the project. Some of GBV risk mitigation and response actions at the federal level and relevant to the sectors will be further expanded under Component 2 to build long term capacity. Additional measures will include capacity building and training of relevant stakeholders, including contractor workers, project workers and government partners on GBV/SEA. In addition, GBV risks will be monitored throughout project implementation through regular re- assessment., particularly as new project locations are determined, and through regular monitoring activities. ESS5 Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement This Standard is relevant for the feasibility and technical detailed designs to be prepared as outputs under this Public Disclosure project. Land acquisition potentially leading to, and including physical and economic displacement is likely for project infrastructure activities such as roads, ports and transmission lines. This risk is compounded by gaps in legal and regulatory frameworks that makes land appropriation and asset valuation challenging. To mitigate this Risk and guide the specific feasibility and design studies, TORs for an RPF will be prepared by Board approval to guide processes and procedures for land acquisition and resettlement consistent with ESS5. The RPF will be prepared prior to first call of bids for the specific feasibility and design studies. The RPF will also include a screening criteria to assess the need, quantum and severity of impacts. There is a possibility that the suite of infrastructure options to be implemented as successor projects to this, such as roads and energy projects, will likely involve land acquisition. The RPF will emphasize on the development of detail measures to avoid, minimize, manage and compensate for risks and impacts associated with land acquisition, restriction to land use and resettlement. Once the specific sites have been identified, site specific resettlement plans consistent with ESS5 will be developed, cleared and implemented as appropriate along with the technical detailed designs prepared under the project. The RPF and site-specific RAPs will be consulted upon, reviewed and approved by the Bank and disclosed. ESS6 Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources ESS6 is relevant. Most of the interventions (projects) in the larger program are not expected to have direct negative impact on biodiversity, conservation and exploitation of living natural resources. Although there is a possibility that the suite of infrastructure options to be implemented as successor projects to this, such as roads and energy projects, will likely involve The project’s pipeline interventions are likely to be restricted to existing road, energy and port corridors and therefore impacts on natural and sensitive habitats. are expected to be limited. There is a possibility Oct 19, 2021 Page 11 of 14 The World Bank Somalia - Horn of Africa Infrastructure Integration Project (P173119) that some of the construction and rehabilitation works might be carried out in nature-protected areas and natural habitats. Nevertheless, as the location of actual physical infrastructure are still not identified, there is a possibility that some of the rehabilitation works might be carried out in nature-protected areas and natural habitats. The potential impacts will only be identified during project design when specific routes are known, and will be addressed in the ESIAs/ESMPs and SESA proposed for this project. The envisaged cumulative, incremental environmental risks and impacts may include loss of vegetation, soil erosion, exploitation of soil, water and impact on natural habitats. The presence, sensitivity and importance of natural habitats is not fully known yet. Meanwhile, the project team will incorporate biodiversity screening and due diligence at project effectiveness as part of ToR for ESMF and SESA. This screening and due diligence will assess potential risks to Somalia’s biodiversity in the project’s area of interest, based on a rapid desktop evaluation. Expert interpretation of Somalia biodiversity datasets will be supplemented – when appropriate – by expert consultation and analysis of site-specific datasets. Screenings will be undertaken with reference to existing Somali regulatory (if any) and World Bank standards. This screening, conducted at very early project stage, will help inform designs of the successor projects and activities, and will assist to scope subsequent assessments. The TORs for the screening process will be developed six months after project effectiveness and will include employing available tools such as Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) principles, Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT), World Conservation Union (IUCN) and UNESCO resources, as well as national inventories. The potential impacts will only be identified during project implementation phase during preparation of feasibility and technical detail designs, and will be addressed in the ESIAs/ESMPs and SESA proposed for this project. Public Disclosure ESS7 Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities Presence of communities that meet the identification criteria for IP/SSAHUTLCs is yet to be confirmed . However there is presence of Marginalized and minority communities in Somalia. Consistent with ESS7, MoWRH shall further analyze the application of ESS 7 as part of SESA/ESMF based on Consultations with experts and potentially affected groups and will prepare a Marginalized and Minorities Participation Framework/IPPF if needed. IPPF will include the screening checklist to confirm the presence of Marginalized and minority Groups and circumstances requiring Free Prior and informed Consent (FPIC). The TORs for the Marginalized and minorities Participation Framework/IPPF shall be prepared by Board Approval. Marginalized and minorities Participation Framework/IPPF shall be prepared and consulted upon within prior to first call of bids for specific feasibility and design studies. The ToRs for the sub-project specific Marginalized and minorities Participation Plan/IPP shall be prepared and disclosed along with the ToR for Feasibility and Design studies. Site specific Marginalized and minorities Participation Plan/IPP consistent with ESS7 will be developed, cleared as appropriate along with the technical detailed designs prepared under the project. ESS8 Cultural Heritage This Standard is relevant. Most of the interventions (projects) in the larger program are not expected to have direct negative impact on cultural heritage. Although there is a possibility that the suite of infrastructure options to be Oct 19, 2021 Page 12 of 14 The World Bank Somalia - Horn of Africa Infrastructure Integration Project (P173119) implemented as successor projects to this, such as roads and energy projects, may likely involve impacts on tangible and intangible cultural heritage. There is the potential for chance find of cultural or archaeological significance during construction phase in the successor projects. Screening of cultural heritage by employing available tools such as national reports (if any) and UNESCO resources would need to be included in the TOR for ESMF and SESA for the larger program. There is the potential for chance find of cultural or archaeological significance during construction phase in the next phase of the program that could potentially be impacted. The ESMF will cover risks associated with intangible cultural heritage (such as disruption to religious/cultural festivity in the community by civil work). Subproject specific ESMPs in successor projects will address these issues through the inclusion of chance find procedures and site-specific mitigation measures. ESS9 Financial Intermediaries This Standard is not relevant for this project. C. Legal Operational Policies that Apply OP 7.50 Projects on International Waterways No OP 7.60 Projects in Disputed Areas TBD Public Disclosure B.3. Reliance on Borrower’s policy, legal and institutional framework, relevant to the Project risks and impacts Is this project being prepared for use of Borrower Framework? No Areas where “Use of Borrower Framework” is being considered: The Borrower's E&S Framework is not proposed to be relied on for the Project, in whole or in part. IV. CONTACT POINTS World Bank Contact: Gylfi Palsson Title: Lead Transport Specialist Telephone No: +1-202-473-6713 Email: gpalsson@worldbank.org Borrower/Client/Recipient Borrower: Ministry of Finance Implementing Agency(ies) Oct 19, 2021 Page 13 of 14 The World Bank Somalia - Horn of Africa Infrastructure Integration Project (P173119) Implementing Agency: Ministry of Public Works, Reconstruction and Housing V. FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20433 Telephone: (202) 473-1000 Web: http://www.worldbank.org/projects VI. APPROVAL Task Team Leader(s): Gylfi Palsson Practice Manager (ENR/Social) Iain G. Shuker Cleared on 19-Oct-2021 at 09:12:5 GMT-04:00 Safeguards Advisor ESSA Peter Leonard (SAESSA) Concurred on 19-Oct-2021 at 16:50:40 GMT-04:00 Public Disclosure Oct 19, 2021 Page 14 of 14