E531 V. 4 Inner Mongolia Highway Project, People s Republic of China Laoyemiao-Jining Section of the Planned National Trunk Highway from Dandong to Lhasa Environmental Impact Statement Chang'an University January, 2002 HL LU Inner Mongolia Highway Project, People 's Republic of China Laoyemiao-Jining Section of the Planned National Trunk Highway from Dandong to Lhasa Environmental Impact Statement Chang'an University January, 2002 Certificate for Environmental Impact Assessment Unit: Chang,an University Certificate Holder: Environmental Engineering Division of Chang'an University Certificate Class: A Issue No: NEPA A3601 Assessment Field: Ground water, Surface ground, Air, Sound, Solid waste, Ecology, Soil erosion, Social-economy Period of Validity: Jan. 1', 2000 - Dec. 31st, 2003 Issued by: National Environmental Protection Agency of China Issued lime: Nov. 25"', 1999 Environmental Engineering Division of Chang'an University Report Compiler: Environmental Engineering Division, Chang'an University Legal Person : Chen Yinsan (President) Engineer in Chief : Zhang Yufen Person in Overall Charge: Deng Shunxi General Peport: Deng Shunxi (Associate Professor) EIA on Socio-Economy: Dong Xiaoling (Associate Professor) ELA on Acoustics: Shang lian (Engineer) EIA on Ecology: Cao Shengcun (Associate Professor) El on Soil Erosion: Chen Aixia (Lecturer) EIA on Ambient Air: Deng Shunxi (Associate Professor) EIA on Water: Zhao Jianqiang (Associate Professor) Pubic Participation: Huangpu Hao (Senior Engineer) Environmental action Plan: Yuan Weining (Associate Professor) Other Participants: Liu Juncheng, Zhu Wei, Ma Chongyian, Chen Jie, Feng Jixue Existing Environment Monitoring: Wulancabu League Environmental Monitoring Station PREFACE The projected Laoyemiao (on the border of Hebei province and Inner Mongolia) to Jining Highway is 91.28 km long. It is one section of the second East-West Highway of the "Five North- South and Seven East-West Highway " configurations under planning of China. The second East- West Artery Highway stars from Dandong via Beijing and destined at Lhasa, one of the major passageways connecting Northeast China, North China, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai and Tibet. The construction of the projected highway will play a substantially important role in booming the economy and extending the opening of Inner Mongolia and western provinces or regions of China. The Inner Mongolia Communications Department (IMCD) asked the Inner Mongolia Transport &Traffic Design Institute (IMTTD) to undertake compilation of "the Project Feasibility Study Report" (PESR). The report was completed in November 1998. In order to carry out the EIA simultaneously as the study report, the IMCD entrusted Xi'an Highway University to work out the EIA statement on December 4, 1998. Immediately after taking the task, a task force consisting of technicians and designers was organized and a field specific survey was conducted in detail. Based on the survey and information obtained, the TOR for EIA was worked out in January 1999. The TOR was reviewed and examined by the Assessment Center of the National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA). Taking account into the reply to the TOR and the opinions of the experts, we conducted a further field survey and investigation, and the EIA statement (Chinese version) was compiled December 1999. June 9, 2000, the environmental impact statement was pre-examined by the Environmental Protection Section under the MOC, and it was improved and added according to the opinions of the experts and representatives. August, 2001, the Environmental Impact Statement was revised and added according to the new version of the Engineering Feasibility Study Report complied by IMTTD in Feb. 2001. October, 2001, the EIS was further modified according to Mission Aide Memoire (September 22-28, 2001). We express our genuine thanks to the following institutions and companies for their generous help in our assessment: IMCD, Inner Mongolia Environmental Protection Bureau (IMEPB), IMTTDI, Inner Mongolia Meteorology Division (IMMD), Wulanchabu League Communications Section (WLCS) and Wulanchabu League Environmental Monitoring Station (WLEMS). CONTENT I GENERAL DESCRIPTION -- .....1 I 1.1 Necessity for the Project Construction .1 1.2 Purposes of Assessment.. 1 1.3 Policy and Laws for Assessment. 1 1.4 Scope of Assessment.. 2 1 .5 Standards of Assessment -....-... 2 1.6 Phases of Assessment -.. - - .. ... .. .... 4 1.7 Contents and Focuses of Assessment ................ . 4 2 BASELINE INTRODCTION TO THE PROJECT --.....--.--... 5 2.1 Geographical Position, Route Alignment and Major Controlling Points. 5 2.2 Construction Scale and Major Technical Standards .. . 5 2.3 Prediction of Traffic Volume .-. .. 5 2.4 Baseline Engineering Works -.--.--.-.-.-.. 7 2.5 Land Acquisition ..11 2.6 Road-building Materials, Borrow Sites and Quarries . . 11 2.7 Project Implementation Schedule ..11 3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION -..--.-.--.---.--.---.---...... . 14 3.1 Pertinent Natural Aspects -.... 14 3.2 Ecological Environment -.......-..16 3.3 Socio-economic Situation ... 21 3.4 Identification of Environmentally Sensitive Spots . .24 3.5 Existing Environment along the Route ....... 25 4 HIGHWAY TRAFFIC NOISE IMPACT PREDICTION AND ASSESSMENT ..31 4.1 Traffic Noise Prediction --.-.-.-.-.-.-.-... 31 4.2 Impact Assessment of Traffic Noise Level ---.--.-.------- ..---------. 33 4.3 Mitigation Measures for Traffic Noise .38 4.4 Noise Impact and Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase . .39 4.5 Summaries of Acoustically Environmental Assessment . .40 5 PREDICTION AND ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS ON ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES. . 41 5.1 Direct Impact of the Project to Long-term Land Use and Mitigation Measures . 41 5.2 Indirect Impact of the Project to Long-term Land Use and Mitigation Measures . 42 5.3 Greening and Landscape of the Highway .-....--....---.---.*.--45 5.4 Summaries of Impacts on Ecological Environment . 48 6 PREDICTION ANALYSIS ON SOIL EROSION AND SUGGESTION OF SOIL CONSERVANCY .............................. ......................................................... 50 6.1 Predicted Impacts on Soil Erosion during Construction .50 6.2 Impact Analysis on Soil Erosion ..........................................................-.54 6.3 Mitigation Measures (Control of Soil Erosion) . -.-.-. --......55 6.4 Summary ..63 7 ANALYSIS ON SOCALECONOMY, MITIGATION MEASURES AND SUGGESTIONS . 64 7.1 Finance Assessment .64 7.2 Prediction Analysis on Soico-Econoimcs .64 7.3 Analysis on Economical Benefits in Areas along the Aligment .-- 67 7.4 Cultural Relics .- 67 7.5 Effects on Tourism . 68 7.6 Safety .68 7.7 Impacts on Social Environment and Mitigation Measures . 68 7.8 Impacts of Borrow and Materials Transport and Mitigation Measure during Construction Phase . *....---.... ----------..-..--------..----------- ......-......-..---72 7.9 Summary ... ................................... 73 8 PREDICTION AND ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS ON AMBIENT AIR AND MITIGTIONMEASURES . ......75.......................... 75 8.1 Meteorological Scenarios .................................................................. 75 8.2 Assessment of Impact on Ambient Air During Operation Phase . .78 8.3 Environmental Impact Analysis of Construction Dust . .82 8.4 Air Pollution Mitigation Measures ..82 9 PREDICTION OF IMPACTS ON WATER AND MITGATION MEASURES ..83 9.1 Prediction of Impacts on Water during Operation Phase and Mitigation Measures . 83 9.2 Prediction of Water Pollution and Mitigation during Construction . .84 9.3 Risk Analysis of Accident Spill of Hazardous Materials .. . 85 9.4 EP Measures against Water Pollution ..86 10 COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVES . .88 10.1 Comparison between Build-option and No-build . .88 10.2 Alignments of Alternative Schemes .. 88 10.3 Comparison of Schemes ..90 10.4 Conclusion of Comparison ..92 11 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ............................................................ 93 11.1 Scope and Ways of Public Participation ....................... ....................... 93 11.2 Publicizing and Information Disclosure .... ........................ 93 11.3 Questionnaire Forms and Statistics of Investigation ---.--. ----....------94 11.4 Summary of Public Participation ..98 12 INSTITUTION ARRANGEMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, MONITORING AND TRAINING -............ 99 12.1 Institution for Environmental Protection .--.........-.--.-.--.--.-....... .99 12.2 Environmental Protection Plan . 100 12.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan .103 12.4 Training Plan for EP Personnel .*- 104 13 ANALYSIS ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECION COST/BENEFITS .. 107 13.1 Estimated Cost for Environmental Protection .*.-.*.*.-.-.-.-.*.-.*.*.-.-.-.-.*.-.--.*107 13.2 EP Mitigation Measures and Benefit Analysis . 108 14 SUMMARIES AND CONCLUSION . .109 APPENDIXES . 112 Annex I-1 " An Inspection Reply on the Outline of EIA of Laoyemiao-Hohhot Highway from National Environmental Protection Agency, No. 78 [19991 . 112 Annex 1-2 "An Inspection Review for the Outline of EIA of Laoyemiao-Hohhot Highway" from National EIA Center . 116 Annex II " A Reply Letter on El Standards for the EIA of Laoyemiao-Hohhot Highway" from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Environmental Protection Bureau. 118 Annex III "Official Reply on the Feasibility Study Report of Laoyemiao-Hohhot Highway Project" No.45[1999],from the MOC. .--.-.-.-.---.--.-.- . *.-.--.---122 Annex IV The Proxy on Implementation of ElA of Laoyemiao-Jining-Hohhot Highway -- 119 Annex V Opinion Census of Public Involvement (Selected) .................................123 Annex VI-i A Report on Wild Fauna and Flora along the Laoyemiao-Jining Highway . 130 Annex VI-2 A Report on Cultural Relics along the Laoyemiao-Jining Highway-.----------132 Annex VII An advertisement for EIA information disclosure on the Wulanchabu Daily- -133 Annex Fig. The Distribution Map of Environmental Sensitive Spots and Planned Environmental Monitoring Sites for the Proposed Laoyemiao-Jining Highway During Construction and Operation Periods . 134 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1.1 Necessity for the Project Construction The highway from Laoyemiao (on the border of Inner Mongolia and Hebei) to Jining of the national artery from Dandong to Lhasa (called Laoyemiao to Jining Highway or the Proposed highway hereinafter) is a section of Dandong-Beijing-Lhasa Highway in Inner Mongolia, one of the planned national artery highway configuration. It is a truck line connecting north China and the northwest of China. It is also one of the most important passageways to the outside. Its construction will definitely promote the formation of economic zones in both the central cities and areas along the proposed project, promoting the economical boom and investment environment in these areas. It will play a substantially important role in exploitation of resources and transport of agricultural and husbandry products in the central and western parts in Inner Mongolia. In addition, the construction of the alignment will speed up the passage capacity of the national artery highways, thus encouraging the highway construction and improving the infrastructure facilities of highway in Inner Mongolia. The destination of the proposed alignment is Jining, the capital of Ulanchabu League, 360 km away from Beijing and 120 km from Hohhot, and 240 km from Zhungeer coalfield, one of the national key energy bases. It is 270 km away from Baotou, the largest industrial city in Inner Mongolia. The City of Hohhot is one of the important "economic growth zones" of Northeastern Asia Economic Ring and the urban systems of the Economic Belt round Bo Sea. It is also one of the focused points of opening of the north borders, being one of the leading cities in booming the economy in minority regions in the development strategy of the country. Hohhot together with Baotou and Yikezhao League has formed the "Gold Triangle" of abundant resources in Inner Mongolia. Therefore, the construction of the highway will be of great significance in improving contact with outside and extent of opening, and thereby encouraging the economic growth in the central part in Inner Mongolia. It will also play an important role in the commodity circulation and getting rid of poverty in the towns, counties or banners. To sum up, the construction of Laoyemiao to Jining Highway is not only necessary, but also substantially urgent. 1.2 Purposes of Assessment 1. Survey, monitoring and analysis of the pertinent natural environment, social surroundings and the existing situation of environmental quality; 2. Prediction (analysis) and assessment of the impacts of the projected highway on the environment along the proposed highway during both the construction phase and operation phase; 3. Proof of the positive and negative impacts on the environment on both sides resulting from the highway construction and putting forward necessary environmental protection measures to minimize the adverse impacts to get coordination of highway construction and environmental protection; 4. Proof of the feasibility of alignment and construction of the highway from the viewpoint of environmental protection; 5. Provision of information for environmental management in the projected highway and in the design of environmental protection works. 1.3 Policy and Lawsfor Assessment I Law of Environmental Protection ,People's Republic of China (PRC) December, 1989; 2. Law of Atmospheric Pollution Control, PRC Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 3. Law of Water Pollution Control, PRC 4. Regulations for Noise Pollution Control, PRC 5. Law of Soil Conservation, PRC 6. Management Guidelines on Environmental Protection of Construction project, issued by the State Council, No.253 (98); 7. Measures for Environmental Protection Management of Highway Construction Projects, issued by Ministry of Communications (MOC) No 17,(90); 8. Technical Specifications for Soil Conservation Plan in Development Construction Projects, issued by Water Conservancy Ministry, May, 1998, (SL204-98); 9. Regulations for EIA for Highway Construction Projects, issued by MOC, January, 1996, (JTJ005-96); 10. Technical Guidelines for EIA, issued by the National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA), (HJIT2.1-2. 3-93; (HJ/T2. 4-95 Acoustic Environment; (HJ/T19-1997 Non-Pollution Ecology Impacts; 11. The Reply from NEPA on " The Review of EIA Outline of Laoyemiao to Hohhot Highway of Dandong to Lhasa National Artery, NO.78, (1999), June 22, 1999, (Appendix I ); 12. The Circular from EPB of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on the Standards for EIA for Laoyemiao to Hohhot Highway, October 12, 1999, (Appendix 2 ); 13. The Letter from MOC on Review of the Feasibility Study Report of Laoyemiao to Hohhot Highway (Substitution Proposal of Project), No. 45, (1999), February 8, 1999, (Appendix 3); 14. The proxy on implementation of EIA of Laoyemiao - Jining Hohhot Highway (Appendix 4); 15. The Engineering Feasibility Study for Laoyemiao - Jining highway National of the Dandong - Lhasa Trunk Highway by Inner Mongolia Transport Design and research Institute, February, 2001; 16. The World Bank Operational Manual: OP/BP/GP4.01: Environmental Assessment. 1.4 Scope of Assessment Based on the TOR for EIA , the scope for EIA of the proposed Laoyemiao to Jining highway is shown in Table. 1-1. 1.5 Standards ofAssessment According to the reply from the EPB of Inner Mongolia on the standards for EIA for the highway (Appendix 2) and the request of environmental specialist of the World Bank, the following standards or regulations are applied for the EIA. See Table 1-1. The assessment elements and the limits of standards are presented in Tables 1 -2a through 1-3c. Table 1-1 Scope and Standards of EIA of Laoyemiao - Jining Highway Items Scope Standards or regulations Applied Ecological 300 m on either sides Tcchnical Guideline for Ecological Environment Environment Assessment (HJ/TI9- 1997) Ambient air 200m on either sides GB3095-96 Class 2 "Ambient air quality standard" 2 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway Acoustics 200 m within the road center Reply from NEPA on Noise Standards in EIA for Highway Construction Land use Direct impact: permanent land use of the right-of-way Law of Land Use, PRC Indirect impacts of the proposed highway to the long- term land use Social Direct impact: 200m on either sides Regulations for EIA for Highway environment Indirect impact: areas of special attention Construction Projects (JTJO05-96) Surface water: 500m upstream and 1000m dowvnstream GHZB I-1999 Class III of Water from bridges Environmental quality standard for environment surface water Service areas: sewage discharge GB8978-1996 Class 3 of Comprehensive standard of Sewage Discharge Table 1-2a Assessment standards for Acoustics Items Standard Levels Leq (dB) Remarks Daytime nighttime GB3096-93 (Standard of ambient Residential areas 70 55 environmental noise in urban area) Class 4, l'V row School & hospital 55 45 Class I standard of GB3096-93 will be adopted at I st row of classrooms(Request of the World Bank) Construction sites 70-75 55 GB12523-90, noise limits for boundary construction sites Table 1-2b Assessment Standards of Ambient Air Quality Unit: mg/Nm3 Pollutants Time of taking example Concentrations limit remark 2 3 CO daily average 4.00 4.00 6.00 Class-two in GB3095-1996 Hourly average 10.00 10.00 20.00 NOx daily average 0.10 0.10 0.15 Hourly average 0.15 0.15 0.30 TSP daily average 0.12 0.30 0.50 Note: Class-one applies to natural preservatives, resorts and some other areas specially needed. Class-two applies to residential areas, shopping and traffic mixed areas, cultural, industrial and rural areas. Class-three applies to some special industrial zones. Table 1-2c Quality Standards for Water Types Class pH COD, Oil SS Remarks 11 15 0.05 GHZBI-1999 Surface water III 6.5-8.5 20 IV 30 0.5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ V6-9 401 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Sewage discharge Class 3 6-9 500 30 400 GB8978-1996 Notes: unit is mg/L with exception of pH. 3 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 1.6 Phases of Assessment (Table 1-3) Table 1-3 EIA Phases for the Proposed Highway Construction 2001 '2004 Initial stage of operation 2005 I st year in operation Short-term of operation 2010 l 5th year in operation Mid-term of operation 2015 I0t& year in operation Long-term of operation 2025 20' year in operation 1. 7 Contents and Focuses of Assessment Through the identification of environmental factors and screening of assessment elements and based on the TOR for EIA , the assessment contents are as follows: 1. Ecological environment: vegetation, soil erosion, soil conservation plans, agricultural production and land (farmland) resources etc. 2. Social surroundings: land acquisition, resettlement, social disruption and social-economic benefits of the project, tourism, ethnic minority. 3. Noise environment: Highway traffic noise and construction noise. 4. Ambient air: Vehicular exhaust gases (NO2, CO), fugitive dust and asphalt haze. 5. Water: Waste water from service areas, sewage and refuse from construction campuses, waste water and other wastes resulting from construction activities, and last, accidental spills of hazardous materials. 6. Public participation Ecological environment, acoustic environment, analysis of impacts on social environment and Public participation will be focused on in this statement. 7. Environmental Management and Training, Environmental Monitoring Plan 8. Analysis of Alternatives 4 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 2 BASELINE INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT 2.1 Geographical Position, Route Alignment and Major Controlling Points 2.1.1 Geographical Position The total length of Laoyemiao to Jining Highway is 91.28 km. The recommended whole route is a completely new alignment. It lies in the mid-western part of Inner Mongolia being one section connecting Hohhot and Jining as major cities in Inner Mongolia. It passes through Xinghe County and the City of Jinning. For its geographical location, see Figure 2-1. 2.1.2 Major Controlling Points The starting point of the recommended option is at Laoyemiao on the border between Inner Mongolia and Hebei Province (Station K273+720). It heads from east for west to the destination (at station K365+000, Sanhaonandi of Jining via Chengguan Town of Xinghe County (south of the town), Toudaunaobao, Jiabazibei, Niuming Village, Bayintala and Shaquan. The main line crosses 208 National Highway here. 2.1.3 Route Alignment (Recommended Option) Laoyemiao to Jining Highway goes from east to west in principle. The section from Laoyemiao to Toudaonaobao goes in the south of the existing highway. However, the section from Toudaonaobao to Niuming Village the proposed alignment goes in the north of the existing highway. For more detail, refer to Appendix Figure. 2.2 Construction Scale and Major Technical Standards The total length of the recommended route is 91.28 km with a total cost of 1,779,373,900 yuan RMB. It is suggested that the whole line be newly built by adopting expressway technical standards. The width of subgrade is 26 m. The construction period is three years (2002-2004). The major technical indexes are shown in Table 2-1. Table 2-1 Major Technical Standards for the Alignment Items Unit Levels Notes Road class expressway Plain light rolling areas Road length km 91.28 Design speed km/h 100 Subgrade width m 26 Driving lane width m 4 X 3.75 Max. Longitudinal grade % 4 Total width of large or m 2 X 12.5 middle-sized bridges Bridge design load Auto-super 20, ______________________ ~Trailer -120 Pavement structure types Asphalt and concrete 2.3 Prediction of Traffic Volume According to the Project Feasibility Study Report, the predicted average annual daily traffic volume of the characteristic year is presented in Table 2-2 5 Figure 2-1 Geographical Location of the Proposed Highway -> - I Hei longjiang |Laoyemiao-Jining Section |K. wt *s* |Jiniing-Holiliot Sect ionl '!orgol:ia N exms * 5'* o;~s /$ an 7~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Gnnsh > ... , z , - <

-t Hebei Province t~~~ Li v- ___ _e ' ,> = U'11' a dgR~e nq i L ike .: abv efiiiaco >(;fHIJ - o ( R Beijinig t icL. r M -Z alI ie. 1,- -Tlv Fig.2-la Geographical Lacation of the Laoyemiao-Jining Highway \-_As.O_ t ~ |v; X, -I '-'-- - - _ _ __ Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway Table 2-2 Predicted Traffic Volume Unit: vehs/d year MTE Xinghe to Jining PCU 2005 6309 12618 2010 10317 20635 2015 14642 29283 2020 20565 41129 2024 25280 50560 2.3 Baseline Engineering Works Based on the feasibility study report, the major work amount is shown in Table 2-3. Table 2-3 Predicted Work Amount (Recommended Option) Order Item Unit Amount I Alignment length km 91.28 Earth/stone works km3 122296.98 2 earth km3 8465.5 stone km3 3764.1 3 Subgrade protection kM2 5591.49 4 pavement km2 2031.10 5 Large bridge m/place 1387.02/8 6 Middle-sized or small bridges M/place 1049.38/30 7 culverts location 152 8 channels ni/place 9 interchanges Location 2 10 Grade separations place 9 11 passageways place 78 12 Land occupied mu 7491 13 Service areas Place 2 14 Toll stations place 2 15 Administrative section place 3 16 Total cost billion 1.779 Note: a unit of area,1 mu=0.067 ha 2.4.1 Subgrade (1) Subgrade width Based on the feasibility study report, the width of subgrade for the whole line is 12.5 x 2 m with a median divider of 3.0 m. On either sides of the dividers, there is a curb belt with a width of 0.75 m. There are two driving lanes with each being 3.75 m wide. There are a 3.25 m hard shoulder and a 0.75 m earth shoulder. The standard subgrade sectional drawing is presented on Figures 2-2(a) and 2-2(b). (2) Subgrade slopes Section of filling: When the elevation of filling is less than 6 m, the cut slope is IH:1.5V. While the elevation is more than 6 m, the cut slope is 1: 1.5 at the upper part and 1:1.75 at the lower part with the division at 6 m. Sections of cutting: In case of earth cutting, the cut slope is 1:1.0; in case of stone cutting with light wind erosion, the cut is 1:0.3; in case of stone cutting with severe wind erosion, the slope is 0.75; when the elevation of cutting is higher than 20m, the slope is 1:0.5 or 1: 1.0 depending on the extent of wind erosion. (3) Subgrade protection For general sections, the cut slopes are protected with mansonry meshes and grasses; for the dry sections, the slope are protected with mansonry meshes and clay covers; for the cutting sections, the slopes are protected with slurry schists depending on the conditions. 7 u~ 0 Emergenc Tel e 2750/2 2450/2 Marker Sign Emergency Telephone . - (150) .. 75 32 5 2x375 .75 150!100 S0. 20175 2 50 7s . 5 Slope Protection Squares i 32 x 50 2 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -2 50 100 240 200 00 240_100,,50 Separation I I Fence Horizontal Line ' Highway Boundary __ Right-of-way r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - ~ ~ ~1 Figure 2-2(a) Sketch Map of Standard Subgrade Cross Sectioni (Fill Subgradc) so.ggf ~ ~~~~~ 3E ,V2 R a X Z 50~~~~O0 ~ ~ u to - Separation Fence v r c c00 60 Lin 1.t . k )0 t& I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-lorizontal Lino __ 0 | Xj ~~~~~~~~2 7 5 0L 2 4 50Oi/2 /"O / eocn75, 325 2x375 75 150 100 50 2x375 250 1 75 @ L 7 Boundary Marker , F : 2 t.,Marker Sign Slurry Schist Slope Pr6tection - Piping I Staon Gu Right-of:way K -2 1 0 0v 1 50 ° S Fec 7 Separation Fence Horizontal Line .c -1375- - -- - J ,Xs 60 Marker Sign 2/- < lO a I055 X35 .7 10 Slurry Schist Slope Protection MarkerSg _ Piping Figure 2-2 (b) Sketch Map of Standard Subgrade Cross Section (Cut Subgradc) Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 2.4.2 Pavement Based on the feasibility study report, asphalt concrete pavement will be adopted with the base of mixture of concrete, lime and slurry. For the bed-base, the local earth with good stability is used. 2.4.3 Bridges and Culverts The work amount of bridges is shown in Table 2-4. The table shows that the rivers, railroads, irrigation channels, streams and gullies that the road crosses are all provided with bridges to ensure smooth passage or discharge. Table 2-4 Large and Middle-sized Bridges station Name of bridge length (im) notes K276+900 Xiaobazi 37.44 K277+400 Sandaohe 69.44 K280+100 Gaomiaozi 329.60 Cross over K288+800 Hongtuyao 79.60 K296+600 Qanhe 104.60 K314+900 Cross over 25.44 K303+500 Xishou Viollage 69.44 K317+300 Toudaonaobao 101.44 K340+300 Cross over 25.44 K341+600 Niuming Village 104.60 Crosses over Niuming River K349+700 Toudaohe 104.60 K355+000 Baowanghe 140.40 Crosses over Baowang River To ensure smooth discharge and runoff in hilly areas, 152 passageways have been designed for the whole line. 2.4.4 Grade Separations (1) Interchanges To facilitate traffic confluence and diversion and to comply with the traffic development, interchanges are designed at all crossings with trunk lines and at the exits and entrances of major cities and towns. For more detail, see Table 2-5. Table 2-5 Interchanges Statio NameMeans of Road crossed Station Name Type separation name class K299+810 Xinghe Double 3-leg grade Xing--Feng 3 K364+885 Sanhaodi Double 3-leg grade R.208 2 (2) Grade Separations 9 grade separations are designed for the local traffic. (3) Passageways 78 passageways for farming (serve as pedestrians as well) are designed. 2.4.5 Servicing facilities for the highway ( I ) Service Areas Two service centers will be built involving Xinghe Service Center at K309+170-K309+430 occupying 40,020 mu of land; Jining Service Center at K354+200-K354+500 occupying 53,360 mu of land. (2) Toll Stations Three toll stations will be built including Xinghe Station, Jining Station and Laoyemiao station. (3) Administrative Divisions One Freeway Administration Bureau is instituted in Hohhot with twe administration agencies 10 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway under its jurisdiction at Jining and Xinghe. 2.5 Land acquisition Based on the project feasibility study report, the amount of land used for the project is presented in Table 2-6. It shows that the total amount occupied is expected to be about 7,491 mu ( a unit of area used in China, I mu=0.067 ha) including 2,856.03 mu of waste land accounting for 38.12%, 2,465.56 mu of paddy field accounting for 32.90%, 1329.38 mu of non-irrigated farmland making up 17.7%, 323.24 mu of woody land making up 4.3%, 307.83 mu of grassland making up 4.1%. In the project design it is suggested that as less farmland as possible be occupied. Table 2-6 Types and Amount of Land to be taken unit: mu=0.067 ha Types Vegetable Paddy Dry Woody Grassland Homestead Waste River amount 2465.56 1329.38 323.24 307.83 34.34 2856.03 174.9 ratio 0% 32.9% 17.7% 4.3% 4.1% 0.46% 38.12% 2.3% 2.6 Road-building Materials, Borrow Sites and Quarries The total amount of earth/stone works is estimated to be 12,229,570 m3 including 8.465,470 m3 of earth and 3,764,100 m3 of stone. The mean amount is 137,390 m3 per km. Out of the total, 31.5% is borrow. Borrow is done centrally mainly. Based on the need, there will be 16 sites for borrow of earth, stone and sand including 6 sites for schist and or macadam, 8 sites for sand and gravel, 2 sites for clay. See Table 2-7. To protect farmland, all the sites will be at hillsides or on waste land. See Figure 2-3 for its locations and haul. Table 2-7 Location of Borrow Sites Place Station Haul Materials Stock Notes (km) km3 Jiucaigou K273+720 7.0 Schist or abundant For bridge and protection _ macadam Toudaonaobao K317+000 1.0 ditto 12000 ditto Shibatai K295+400 7.0 schist ditto ditto Banjia K335+500 0.2 shist ditto ditto Yushuwan K362+759 2.0 Schist or ditto For pavement, bridge and macadam protection Erdaogouhe K276+350 0.5 gravel 40000 ditto Hhongtuyaoi K288+500 1.0 Sand and gravel 60000 ditto Xinghenanliang K293+400 0.3 Sand and earth 18000 For pavement and base Xishou K303+300 1.0 Sand and gravel 12000 For pavement, bridge and protection Gaojiawan K318+000 13.0 Schist and gravel ditto ditto Niuminghe K340+300 0.5 sand 50000 For pavement and protection Shaquan K355+620 0.5 Gravel and earth 200000 For pavement and base Baodaohong K357+500 0.5 ditto enough For pavement and base Sanchakou K362+750 25.0 lime ditto K281+500 0.2 clay For bridge and culvert K345+900 0.1 clay ditto 2.7 Project Implementation Schedule 2.7.1 Schedule The project is proposed to start in 2002, completed and put into operation in 2004. 11 l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ O O Sites S O m G ° ,, G S G t I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I IL I I I ttE~~~~~d 0 El ETI H~ ~ ~~~~00. . s 11 1 I ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. .. I rs '3< 0 X s2/ . Legend .- PreI'abricating Schist gravel Sand Sites Mixing Sites for Bfreh ravel Lime Mixing Sites for Pavement Figure 2-3 Sketch Map of Material Supply for Laoycmiao-Jining Highway Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 2.7.2 Estimated Cost and Fund Raising The total estimated investment for the Laoyemiao to Jining Highway is RMB 1.7793739 billion Yuan. The Fund raising is as follows: 1 . Loan from international financial organizations 100 million U.S. dollars are proposed to borrow from World Bank. It is equal to 828 million yuan in terms of RMB. 2. Domestic funding 728 million yuan will be appropriated from the MOC 233.73 million yuan will be raised by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 13 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyeinao-Jining Highway 3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION 3.1 Pertinent NaturalAspects 3.1.1 Geographical Location The proposed alignment lies in the central western part of Inner Mongolia, 40-4l degree north latitude, II1l-114 degree east longitude. The alignment goes from east to west. It is connected in the east to Zhangjiakou to Laoyemiao Highway heading for Beijing at the beginning. In the west it is connected to Hohhot to Baotou expressway at the destination. 3.1.2 Landform, Topography, Geology and Seism The projected alignment is situated on the Chahaer lava bench land on the south edge of Inner Mongolian Plateau. It is obvious that the exposure of basalt is resulted from north-east and east-west faulty belt. The alignment takes right angle to the belt. Basalt is underlain by purplish red lam and gravel layers. There are many small structural basins between the bench lands with some being lakes. Topographically, the section between Laoyemiao to Yushuwang is of loess hilly area underlain by stone bind and conglomerate with severe wind erosion. Section between Yushuwang to Taigou is typical lava bench land. The seismic intensity is VI - Vlll degree. 3.1.3 Climate The project area belongs to temperate continental monsoon climate zone with plentiful sunshine. It is dry and windy. It rains seldom. The mean annual precipitation is 365-404 mm. The rainfall is focused mainly in July through September. The average evaporation is above 1400 nmm. Sandstorms occur frequently in April. The annual windy days are averaged to be 30 days. The average wind speed is 3.4-3.6 m/s. N-W wind prevails here. There are great temperature differences in various seasons with an average annual temperature being between 3.6-4.8'C. The lowest temperature is -33.8°C and the highest temperature being 35.7°C. Fog-free spell is 105 -130 days. The deepest snow deposit is 30 cm. The thickest frozen depth is about 1.9 m. For the meteorological elemnent, see Table 3-1(data from Xinghe and Jining Meteorological Stations). Table 3-1 Meteorological Elements along the Route Weather Average Lowest Highest Mean annual Mean wind Fog-free stations Temperature temperature in temperature In rainfall (mm) speed (m/s) spell CC) JanL CC) July ('C) (d) Xinghe 4.8 -31.1 35-C 404.7 3.6 120 lining 3.6 -33.8 35.7 365.6 3.4 105 3.1.4 River Regime The rivers the alignment crosses are all seasonal with no water in dry seasons, but floods occur very often in rainy seasons. The major rivers in the study area are Bawang River, Toutao River, Niuming River and Yinzi River. Baowang River, Niuming River and Toudao River flow into the Huangqi lake, which is about 10 km away from the alighment; Yinzi river flows into Yongding River. The water regime and rivers are shown in Figure 3-1. Baowang river: Rising from Yin mountainous ranges, the river goes east till Hongqi lake. Bawang River is reconmmended as water resources to be protected by IUCN. Today, It is used mainly for irrgation. 14 Figure 3-1 Water System along Laoyemiao-Jining-Hohhot Highway _ . S \ \ / - \1''8' '' ~~~~-\\ MOUNAINa*¢, - I ; - e ho I - - hwa the Dei Lake1 _D A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S hni PrXovince,S,(A,, ?@ .\,-. Ad )F Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway Yinzi river:: It rises from the south of Xinghe County. Its mean annual runoff is 13.64 million rn3. It belongs to Yongding river regime. It is used for irrigation. Huangqi lake: It is located in Chahaheyouyiqian Banner, 10 km from the planned alignment. The water area is 8,733 ha. No natural fish occur due to bad water quality. It is used mainly for tourism. This lake is regarded as an important source of water for surrounding areas by IUCN mainly for irrgation.. In the low hilly area, fissure water is buried deep. In some low areas the ground water is relatively high, but below 1.5 m. 3.2 Ecological Environment 3.2.1 Basic Features of the Environment According to the ecological divisions of Wu League, the area south of Daqing Mountains falls into table-land ecological unit of farming, husbandry and forests. See Figure 3-2 , '-.1Tgnini tg-Hollhot flighwral-V t N.r Fi-giure 3-2 EologicalDiisiosalong thelil Ru te aotou Cin th o wd ei T majo co are m S 5iii;LP~~~~~~~~rovince Wavx e itc y eolliogical on Are ow in the surand Hubara.d nd 5 i i~uttdt and HSIiudl"dr Fhmir S%utl of Dsqhag Mnuntmisl": z g.-w f of Mtlg* MQV*tb tA _li A ;l breWoo of Food Gr;nbs Thr soil, Agrmcul gad gray ssy t ma r is ) In SoTtherneWester Part Legend Wol, mosure sil,marh s o salne Sbreoi oakraasi Food asi. and Sm al, L "lo m~Wountain b l;Cetrl-Sotndlheff* Figure 3-2 Ecological Divisions along the Route The area is of rolling hills wit many gulies, hills, basins and plains. Very severe soil erosion occur-s in this area. It is covered with loess with obvious wind erosion. The major crops are wheat, potato, beans, millet and flax etc. The ecological conditions are weak in the study area. 31.22 Soil The soil groups are mainly calcium soil and gray grassy marshland- There are some other groups 6f M&i smany soil, moisture soil, marshland soil, saline soil, aLkaline soil and desert soil. For more detail, see Figure 3-3. 16 Environmental Impact Statement for Laovemiao-Jining Highway 3 _~~~~~~ .*~ mS i l I Dark Chestnut 5 Sanidy Suit Sall Soil Legend Chestnut Soil 6 Loess 10 U'Plnd BWkc 8 Light (hesrn it . so,l ,, Lime Soi 4 Brow Cestnut= * silt oil Li pland Chestnut Figure 3-3 Soil Type Distribution Map along the Alignment 3.2.3 Vegetation Types 1. Vegetation The vegetation in the area is sparse with forest cover of 10.1% growing mostly on the bench land along the rivers or around villages. There are some patchy woods on the hill slopes with poplars and elms in the lead. But they grow poorly. Some artificial bushes and forage grasses grow very well. The natural vegetation is very poor with a cover of only about 10 30%. For forest resources please refer to Table 3-2, and for vegetation distribution, see Figure 3-4. Table 3-2 Forest Resources along the Route Item Ratio of forest Forest, bush, and Potential lorest stock Forest cover County & total area ( %) Woods around house (ha) (in3) (%) Xinghe 26 6 31208 382480 9.0 Jining 19.3 683 34714 6.2 |Chavou ian Banncr 24.5 10357 213445 4.8 2.. Forest Land The study area is one of the key areas of "Three North Protection Forest". It is also one area of serious soil erosion. According to the "Protection Forest Construction Plan', afforestation will be carried out on a large scale wherever possible in this area. 3. Grassland Based on the landform, topography and some meteorological elements such as heat and water, the grassland vegetation can be fallen into: Grassy deserts, desertificated grassland, dry grassland, hilly grassland and hilly meadows. For the varieties of grassland structure, see Table 3-3. 17 Environmental Impact Statcmcnt for Laoycmiao-Jining Highway 6 1 5 ,, t;St-U16l5 3 9 Hohhowi 2ser ~~~~~~~~~~-~~~~~~~~ - - . ;.r- i >~~~~~~ 1 Daz~~~~~~ong Legend Paddy Field and Meadow Vegetation 2 ;Needle Grass Dry Grassland and Prairie Sagewort Community 3 NMicrophyll Peashrub Needle Grass Bush Dry Grassland 4 Dry Grassland, Prairie Sagewort, Thyme Community And Dry Farmland 5 Kryptocotyledons Dry Crassland and Prairie Sagewort Community 6 Needle Grass-Kryptocotyledons-Prairie Sagewort Community 7 Needle Grass-Kryptocotyledons-Tansey Deserted Grassland 8 Peashrub-Needle Grass Bush Deserted Grassland g Peashrul-Sand NeedleG rass-Bush Deserted Grassland ) Xerophilous Wormwood Psammophilous Wormwood Birch Forests, Mesophytic Bush and Grassland David Ostryopsis Bushes, Perpetual Wormwood and Grassland 13 ! Sparse Peashrub Bushes and Psammophilous Bamboo Community 4 Splended Archnatherum, Saline Agrostology Meadow and Saline Plants .jr Dry Farmland and Grassland Vegetation Figure 3-4 Flora Distribution along the Alignment 18 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway Table 3-3 Varieties of Grassland Structure Types of Height of Cover of Number in I Yield of fresh grassland grass (cm) grass m2 (species) grass Kinds of grasses (%) (kglmu) Grassy 5-20 5-15 5-10 61.3 Arenosol, razor grass, and desert Kalidium Waste 7-13 17.4-20 5-15 58.25 Coniferous tree, kryptocotyyledons grassland --_wormwood sage Dry 10-25 27-40 15-20 90.3 Needle grass, wormwood sage grassland tallowweed Meadow 15-45 50-70 20-25 137.4 Tallowweed,David Ostryopsisand grassland sedge Hilly 9-25 60-85 20-35 167 Wormwood, prairie sagewort grassland The natural pastures have been deteriorated badly because of dry climate, scarce rainfall, strong winds and plenty sands and human activities. It is very essential that in the construction of this highway vegetation protection and afforestation be paid special attention to avoid further desertification. 3.2.4 Farming According to the general agricultural divisions, food grains other than wheat and rice and cash crops are grown in this area. See Figure 3-5. Agriculture output of each district and county is shown in Table 3-4 O - . ~ ~~~~~~II Jiing- dllo(tHiglhway t 0 Wha Potato, md Foosd Wi Arm In highain Iovs Legend Food Gralm lotb rther MM or -rj, and Cash Crop Anse Maiig Oat, and WVoodY Oras Alus In Low andi fIM4jg~ th l Figure 3-5 Crop Cultivation along the Proposed 19 Environmental Imnpact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway Table 3-4 Agriculture Output of Each District and County \QUtput Total( I0000o) Cro s Forest Husban v Fishery Income per output ratio output ratio output ratio output ratio farmer Place \ yuan (10000) (%) 10000 (%) (100OO) (%) (10000) (%) (yuan/a.) wu 430178.3 237559.3 55.2 18033. 4.2 173049.8 40.2 1535.7 0.4 1387.45 Xinhge 43846.70 22971.5 52.4 3813.4 8.6 16986.7 38.8 75.1 0.2 1360.10 Jining 7012.0 49450 70.5 49 2 0.7 2002 28.6 15.6 0.2 2230.33 Chahaer 58153.9 1 30249.7 52.0 611.7 1.1 26927.6 46.3 364.9 0.6 1 1360.32 Note: Data in the table are of 1998. Farming is the main industry of agriculture including wheat, potato, millet, corn and Chinese sorghum etc. The wheat average yield per mu is 130 kg, and that of potato is 300 kg. Cash crops are oil plants, sugar beet, vegetables, mellows, tobacco, Chinese medicine herbs and hops and so on. The multiple cropping index is very low because of the severe natural conditions. In general, only one crop is obtained in one year. For the utilization of land along the alignment, see Table 3-5. Table 3-5 Land Utilization Unit: 10000/mu Place Total Farmland Garden Forest Grassi Land for Land for Waters and mining traffic Xinghe 525.88/ 209.17/ 0.66/ 75.95/ 152.7n2 10.12/19 7.15/1.36 13.37/.5 100 39.8 - 14.44 9.0 Chahaqia 434.9/ 185I75/ 0.44/ 41.59/ 176.5/ 8 93/2.1 2.66/0-61 19.08/4.4 100 42.7 0.1 9.5 40.6 Jining 16.6/ 5.41/ 0 02/- 1.35/ 5.99/ 3.40/20 5 0.21/1.26 0.24/14 100 32.6 8.1 36.0 Table 3-5 demonstrates that farmland is lacking. Therefore, it is substantially important to protect farmland resources in construction of the project. 3.2.5 Wild Flora and Fauna 1. Flora Figure 3-4 (page 18) is the flora distribution along the alignment. It can be seen that the vegetation in proposed project area mainly belongs to dry farmland and grassland vegetation. Wild plants occur mainly in the typical pasture areas among hills. There are 15- 20 species of plants per square meter. They are needle grasses, prairie sagewort, korshinskpeashrub, etc. On the western bank of the rivers patchily distributed are splendid achnatherum, sedge, razor grass, and Chinese small iris and other species that are salinity and alkali resistant. Among hills and on waste lands wormwood, sand fleabane, and green bristle grass occur there. According to the description of wild fauna and flora along the area of Jining-Laoyemiao highway (Annex Vl-1), which was made by the Ulanqab League Forestry Bureau, no wild vegetation is listed in category of protection. 2. Fauna In Ulanqab League, there used to be Mongolian gazelle, deer, wolves, foxes, hares, eagles, owls and chukars, etc. However, owing to the damage of ecological environment, the number and species of these wild animals are being reduced sharply. Nowadays, the route areas are mainly farming areas and densely populated area for living and production (see Figure 3-5). Based on the survey report by the Ulanqab League Forestry Bureau (Annex VI-1), there are a few hares and sand grouses along the alignment area, which belong to non-protected animals of state, region and county. In addition, the protected areas for wild fauna and flora of Inner Mongolia are beyond Ulanqab League ( see Figure 3- 6). 20 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 3.2.6 Natural Protected Areas Both existing and planning natural protected areas in Inner Mongolia are shown in Figure 3-6. From Figure3-6, the proposed highway is far away from those protected areas. Therefore, the construction of the project does not affect these natural protected areas. 3.3 Socio-economic Situation 3.3.1 General Economics 1. Areas impacted The proposed highway will connect the city of Hohhot, the capital of Inner Mongolia and Baotou, the largest industry city to the city of Jining of Wulanchabu League by means of a fast, safe, economic and comfortable expressway. The alignment passes through the whole Wulanchabu League. The directly impacted areas are: Xinghe County, Jining City, Chaharyouyiqian, Zhouzi County, urban areas of Hohhot, and urban areas of Baotou. Indirectly impacted areas are: Hebei Province (beyond Zhangjakou), Shanxi Province (beyond Tatong), banners under Wulanchabu League, counties under Hohhot City, the northeastern part of Yikechao League and the eastern part of Bayanneer League. 2. Economic Situation in the impacted areas The directly impacted areas are in the central Inner Mongolia with an area of 19231 (km)2 and a population of 3.6897 million people. The density of population is 191.86 persons /(km)2, much higher than the average in the region. The proposed alignment passes through Wulanchabu league, the city of Hohhot, a traffic hub and corridor in Inner Mongolia. The impacted areas are rich in natural resources involving iron, rare earth, gold, coal, graphite, marble, limestone and clay, etc. Hohhot, the capital and the center of politics, economy and culture of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is one of the famous cultural cities. Now it has developed into the center of industry and trade. The major industries are textile, electronics, machinery, food processing, petrolem chemical industry, building materials, metallurgy and wool spinning which accounts for 50% of that of the whole region. Jining, the capital of Wulanchbu league, is the center of politics, economy and culture of the league. It serves as a door of the economic development of Inner Mongolia and a traffic hub to the northwest as well. Jining is one of the largest fur markets and fur processing bases in the country. Fur and leather industry is the key industry in the region. Panda brand leather garments enjoy good reputation both at home and abroad. The economic situation in 1998 of Xinghe County, Chahaeryouqian Banner and Jining City is in Table 3-6. Table 3-6 Economic Situation in Impacted Areas Pass Area Population Gross output Gross Gross output of Grain Land through (km2) (1(0(0) of industry national industry and yield area and product agriculture per (10000 used agriculture (100 million capita (yuan/ capita) tons) (10000 (lOOOyuan) yuan) ha) Xinghe 3518 29.98 3. 34 2. 18 780 13. 16 28. 4 Chaguqian 2821 27.76 4.32 2.77 1556 13. 15 Jining 125 21.37 4.92 4.92 2302 0.21 11 3.3.2 Existing Traffic in the Impacted Areas 1. Highway The existing highway networks can not meet the requirements of the rapid economic growth of Inner Mongolia for the following reasons: (1) the technical standards of the existing Jining to Hohhot 21 higure. 3-6 Tie 'Exis ting a n dPfla n tiig Na atura fProtectedA reas inz In-ner 9o nggfia o a * Existlig Prctlete'I Alets - Plaiiii-irg Protected ALeas ! . 11 ,1,12 . , ,5 i 1, 1 i 1 , 1 1 ! ! r 1: 11*l\ I I I 1121 'II ! i I I , . ! ! !. 11,,1,,I, 1, 1 -~ - ,i 8'l! 'I ' .. ' 1 111 1 I 111 1 1 1, 1 1'i ,I i I t j \ , 2i2I 22, ,.2~.ll I t., t| .--u 'I -2 I Ie l 2, 1 . ! - II II I II I I II I t 25 I *4 Ic; %4 If, tt .' %T -; ffi @ 1t , ;k Ratio: 1:11200000 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway Highway are between class 2 and 3; Laoyemiao to Jining Highway is class 2, which can not meet requirements as a trunk line connecting the northwest and Beijing. (2) The whole line is a mixed traffic with a running speed of about 40 km per hour. Congestion have often occurs during peak hours. Only the construction of a high-class highway can meet the need for modem traffic to encourage the rapid economic boom in this area. The projected alignment is the most important trunk route in the middle-western Inner Mongolia from west to east. It intersects the planned Erlianhot-Hekou National Trunk Highway at Jining forming cross-type highway framework. In addition, it connects other provincial and country roads like S304 and S305. There are other 4 highways, namely S 101, S102, S103 and S104 radiating from Hohhot outwards. All these roads plus the country roads together have formed a smooth transport network. 2. Rail The existing railways here are: Beijing-Baotou rail, Jining -Erlian rail and Jining-Tongliao rail. Besides, there are four branch lines and private lines. 3. Aviation There are two international air routes and more than 40 domestic air routes at Hohhot airport. All the highways, rails and civil aviation have formed a comprehensive transport system with Hohhot and Jining as the centers. 3.3.3 Education and Health Care According to survey, there are primary schools at all big villages, and high school at towns. There are hospitals at county towns. There are also other essential services like public transport, post service, communication, etc. For detail, see Tables 3-7 and 3-8. Table 3-7 Education and Health Care in the Study Area tern College Profession IHigh Primary Attendance Health care Medicin Hospital bed al school school school institution e staff Xinghe 44 154 99.6 30 548 194 Qianqi 1 25 135 100.0 58 606 306 Jining 3 10 26 21 100.0 98 3408 1328 Table 3-8 Existing Transport and Postal Service \ Itemn Freight Passenger Post Radio TV Cinema Plac total station station Turnover Volume Tumover Volume Xinghe 5268.7 163.3 1711.3 57.3 112 2 3 2 Qiangi 4540 2785 126 3 3 2 Jining 18267 397 24758 242 2311.7 2 2 5 3.3.4 Ethnic Minority The study area is inhabited by many nationalities including Han, Mongolians, Hui, Man, Koreans, Dawo, Zhuang, Tibetans and Tujia. For detail, see Table 3-9. We can see from Table 3-9 that the Han nationality along the highway accounts for 94.1-97.8%, the Mongolians for 1.9-3.4, and other nationality is less than 3.0%. Table 3-9 Nationalities along the Alignment Total Han Mongolian Hui Man others Place PPopulation o Population % Population % Population % Population % Xinghe 296990 287123 96.7 8587 2.9 507 0.2 754 0.3 585 0.2 Qian i 277094 270888 97.8 5263 1.9 624 0.2 294 0.l 0.0 Jining 227458 214024 94.1 7692 3.4 3270 1.4 2142 0.9 2481 1.1 23 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyerniao-Jining Highway 23.5 Cultural Relics According to the survey report on cultural relics along the proposed alignment areas (Annex VI-2), which was conducted by the Inner Mongolia Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, there are no important cultural relics and cemeteries along the road construction area. See Annex VI-2. 3.4 Identification of Environmentally Sensitive Spots In the light of "Technical Specifications for EIA for Highway Projects"-JTJO05-96 issued by MOC, environmental sensitive points include village, school, etc. within the scope of 200m on both sides of the road. By investigation, there are only 7 villages, which locate on both sides of the scope of 200m along the proposed highway and are identified as sensitive points (see following figure). The environmentally sensitve locations (areas) affected by the planned Laoyemiao-Jining Highway (recommended option) are presented in Table 3-10. Table 3-10 Environmentally Sensitive Locations of Laoyemiko-Jining Highway Distance Major Elements No Station Name from road Brief introduction environmental . ________ center(m) issues The projected highway crosses Yinzi River here; a 329.6m long bridge will be placed at Gaomiaozi; Ynzi River rises from the IO K27.+880 Yirtzisouth of Xinghe County; the average Water quality, ] K(279+880 rnver annual flow of Yinzi River is 1,364 million soil erosion m3 , with clean and clear water; no pollution has been occurred Projected highway crosses over Toudaonaoba River which is a seasonal 2 K316+770 Dianzi nve with small flow; it flows into Water quality ___ _ _Zaohuokuo Reservoir Niuming river Bridge is placed here; Niuming Niuming River is a seasonal one with small 3 K340 F310 River flow; this area is with less vegetation; Soil erosion serious soil erosion occurs Water A 104.6m long bridge is placed to cross quality, Toudao Toudao River which is a seasonal river 4 K348+530 River with small flow; there is a severe soil Soil erosion erosion here The highway crosses Bawang River here; Water l 5 K353+737 Bawang the river is with big flow and good water r, oso River quality; flow speed is 2.0 mls erosion A "Hope School" built under aid t K280+400 Dagong North financially by Hong Kong Dagong Noise, air School 140 Newspaper Press with 300 students and 250 teachers at present A residential area with 800 people of 250 G aoiaozi households engaged in farming and | 2 K281t450 Vilage South 80 husbaniy; CGaomiaozi School is beyond Noise, air Vdiage ~~200in away - .t A small residential area with 141 people of N 3 K31S+2500 Erxiao North 80 36 households No_i__se .D 4 K327+200 Bashidang througb 55 household; some are to be resettled Noise air Dajing Beside 350 people of 85 households in Dajing 5 K333+300 Village village Village; Dajing School is 160 m away Noise, air (only 20-30 pre-school students) Banjia s 90 160 people of 37 households in Banjia Noise, air 6 K335+700 VilUage Village engaged in fauming ____ Bayintala North Site of townshp govermnent; 440 people Noise and 7 K345+850 Township 120 of 110 household; farming is their ai _ _ _ ecownoy 8 K350+300 Ylwutang South 100 household in Yiwutang, the school is Noise and 100 200 m beyond air 24 '!' 5 i, t fnt* °- ti7^1 U ioT ,^ l T. _ ;r 3t& t: t fi}A # -^-°+: 18 ~~~i g. Thc l ocalt ion alnd popul1at i on o f cs ensi t-i ve v i t t ag:z s ," F -Ih X~;B , t: iivang River f-l\tT*lt 7 _,- ,, -'- '' '$= -;r5S ! W*- wTV *o The proposed Highway s wW / q - q Bayirtala l}rlsliare to be resettled . _ S #~~~~~~~~~~~~~6 Iiuan - oueodfrig O;-> t bF.X 4 0 ~ig t -._\ * . \ L_ 10 houstJol rWO9 hi cnyiX,, ,< °7* fl z \ C o>t ] 16*peope of . ^w +t;9s n fft .yr wo~it S:\J 37hushld & ed ffitio xW,tt *f | J-7 ~~~~X°trl 21 M Yt;s! FJI. i,|z/T J #~tsI >!>o#t ttJo > ^ Th Elanq Lk tX; / Orlr>EGwI"MOjKv !}4h3a>FI:liliA r re - ''', ,_t s |r if>*l G po i]>d t,8 | vENtkil4wm - jr ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0_ Fig. The 1 oc, ati on a.nd populat.ion of sensitive villages t ., /Ir ''i'i'" ' Hope School 300 students and 24 teachers at present I Dianzi t tSF; . --; olrtrs@ O =-iO \\9-o T 4 -I - 'r A small residential 2o -. The }i, iJiv ~~_'S, ~~ , of 36 households *F.4 // 14 f#t .rso49 ;L£f~ o -- - * I 4 4/ -~~~~~~ -,-- . - 3~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--- --- The Proposed HighwayGGaomiaozi Village W f4 It, h+'.;' I '' 0 A residential area '1 .31 >with 800 people of 0^a,.oA-- V9 0 i 250 households . 0t t - - O _ t+ t>30I, rX ig _ -t- -Y _ _ - - Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 3.5 Existing Environment along the Route 3.5.1 Current Soil Erosion * Types of Soil Erosion There are varieties of soil erosion among which are wind erosion and hydraulic erosion. Wind erosion occurs everywhere, mainly in dry grassland in March - May. Hydraulic erosion is found mainly in loess hilly areas in July-September when it rains very often. Ablation of exposed rocks occurs because of sunshine and temperature difference. There are some other kinds of erosion. * Area and extent of Soil Erosion The soil erosion module, along the road area, is between 500-2000t/km2 -a, belonging to light erosion. For the erosion area and its damage extent see Table 3-1 1; for erosion intensity see Table 3-12. Table 3-11 Erosion Area and Damage Extent Type ______ Hydraulic erosion Wind erosion total Damage of Damage Total I III III IV in - Vt vhydraulic of wind damag L'c-~~~ti'-Type~~ I III IV III VI v ~~~~erosion erosion e Location ____ _______ e Xinghe 15518 976.2 369.1 286.3 762.1 126.4 5 4076.9 1195 857 2052 Chyouqian 1844.5 567.6 70 s 155.3 2758.5 526 230 756 Jining 88.12 21.9 Ito 429 200 629 Notes Erosion area unit :km2, unit for damage:tknm.a Table3-12 Intensity of Soil Erosion Class Intensity Module of hyd. Erosion (tkrm2.a) Module of wind erosion (vkm2.a) I minor <500 (earth/stonemountain) <1000 <240 light 500-2500 (earth/stone mountain) 240-2250 1000-2500 III middle 2500-5000 2250-4500 IV great 5000-8000 4500-9000 V very great 8000-15000 9000-18000 VI severe > 15000 > 18000 * Causes of Soil Erosion Causes of soil erosion are: (1) centralized rainstorms with strong intensity and scouring. The mean precipitation along the route is 365.6-404.7mm centralized in June -September. The maximum rainfall in 24 hours is 151.6 mm; (2) loose soil with poor adhesion leading to easy scouring; (3) Reclamation of wasteland on a large scale resulting in deterioration of soil. Wind erosion is attributed to strong wind, too much sand in soil, dry top soil and sparse vegetation. * Alleviation of Soil Erosion at Present To protect national resources and mitigate soil erosion, the following measures will be taken: water and soil conservancy measures combined with biological measures in hilly areas; farmland construction combined with afforestation in flood plains. See Table3-13 for detail. Table 3-13 Soil Erosion and Initial Control unit: 10000 ha area Erosion area Initial control Ratio % Xinghe 31.02 3.4 If Chayouqian 9 1.4 16 Jining 0.8 0.34 43 25 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 3.5.2 Monitoring and Assessment of existing noise environment quality * Environmental noise monitoring According to the TOR for EIA, the environmental engineering institute of Xi'an Highway University conducted measurement for sound environment at chosen acoustic sensitive points along the proposed road . Measurement method is based on GB/T 14623-93( measuring method for environmental noise of urban area). 1. Noise levels of village environment Five villages were chosen to measure existing noise levels and measured results are shown in Table 3-14. For some locations of measuring points, see Fig.3-7. Table 3-14 Existing Noise level Monitored along the Road unit: Leq:(dB) Post No Name of place Daytime Nightime Len L__ L_ _ L90 L- L_o L5, L9, K280+900 Dagong elementary 45.5 48.4 40.0 32.0 37.7 41.2 35.2 31.2 _____________school _ _ _ K281+450 Gaomiaozi village 51.0 53.6 46.4 42.4 40.6 42.4 38.8 37.2 k318+250 Erxiaoping 49.8 53.6 43.6 36.8 37.6 41.8 35.2 30.0 K327+200 Bashixiang village 42.4 46.0 40.4 38.0 40.0 42.0 39.2 37.6 K333+300 Dajing Village 56.0 56.8 49.2 44.8 49.5 53.6 45.2 39.6 k335+700 Banjia Village 48.9 51.5 46.3 43.0 37.2 40.2 39.6 36.4 K345+850 Bayintala Township 45.2 45.6 40.8 37.2 34.4 37.6 30.4 31.0 k350+300 Yiwutang 52.6 56.4 47.6 40.8 36.7 43.2 37.6 34.0 2. Measurement of traffic noise The intersecting point between existing highway from Laojiemiao to Hohhot and highway from Erlianhot to Hekou was chosen to measure existing traffic noise. Measured data are listed in Table 3-15. Table 3-15 measured value of existing Traffic noise Unit: Leq(dB) Laoyiemiao Time Distances between measuring points and remark -Jining intersect point of two national highways (im) highway o 20 50 100 200 intersecting point between existing K365+000 day 73.8 67.3 62.2 58.2 54.7 highway from Laojiemiao-Hohhot night 69.1 58.3 53.3 50.2 43.6 and highway from Erlianhot to Hekou * Assessment on existing sound environment From Table 3-14, Table 3-15, we know the assessment results of sound environmental quality along the planned route as follows: 1. In the rural areas, the noise levels at daytime Leq=42.4 to 56.0 dB, Leq=34.4 to 49.5dB at night, which meets class 4 standard in GB3096-93 (Environmental Noise Standards in Urban Areas) 2. At sensitive spot of school (Dagong elementary school) Leq=45.5dB at daytime , Leq=37.7 at night, which meets class I standard in GB3095-93. The noise level on both sides of existing highway can meets class 4 standard at daytime and also meets class 4 standard at 50 meters from the road at night We can conclude that the sound environmental quality along the proposed route is quite good and the residents and villagers enjoy a quiet environment. 26 Environmnental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway -t - /~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Gaomiaozi K281-+450 I Gaomiaozi - / ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ c,u;¢-. - ' - . - - Sam-ling Locations 0fAirj - - 0 - -Monitoring points of Noise = j,_- ==-Rtatio: 1:2857 Figure 3-7a Monitoring Locations of Existing Noise at Gaomiaozi Village Pajing VIlJage K333+300 -, -- ' --- -Aj _ _ _ , J* -1. _ -="t ~'t jT -* _A10nitoring poitnts of.Noise - Ratio: 1 :3,333 /~ ~-- * ~ _ Figure 3-7b Monitoring Locations of Existing Nois\e at Daing Village 27 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway Bayintala K345+850 v < > . A Bayintala Township /:~ s ,iii - ^ j . / .-;!() Sampling Locationsof Air - Monitoring points of r4oise : .'- /-- 0' ~ . [t ^:Ratio: 1: 2857 Figure 3-7c Monitoring Locations of Existing Noise at Bayintala Village 3.5.3 Assessment of existing ambient air quality * existing ambient air quality monitoring I Monitoring locations and factors According to the TOR for EIA , two monitoring points were chosen along the road. Monitoring pollutants, locations and environment are shown in Table 3-16. For their exact locations, see Fig.3-7 Table 3-16 Monitoring locations for existing ambient air quality Order Place Post No Monitoring factors Place condition I Gaomiaozi K281+450 CO, NO,, TSP Settlement 2 Bayintala K345+850 CO, NO2 , TSP Environmentally sensitive spot 2 Sampling time and frequency The monitoring was conducted by Wulancabu league environmental monitoring station that made sampling and analysis four times per day ( 7:00,11:00,15:00 and 19:00) in succession of 5 days on 25' -29' of June ,1999. 3. Analytic method of air samples Analysis of air samples is based on the national standard of GB3095-1996. For more detail, see Table 3-17. Table 3-17 Sampling and Analysis Methods for Ambient air Quality Air pollutants Sampling and Analysis Methods NO, Saltzman method ,from GB/T15436-95, CO non-dispersion infrared absorption ,GB9801-88, TSP gravmetric method ,fromGBlT15432-95 28 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 4. Monitoring result of air quality The existing concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and total suspension particles (TSP) in two places, along the proposed highway, are listed in Table 3-18a, Table 3-18b and Table 3-18c, respectively. During the 5-day monitoring period, weathers were fine, and temperature was between 22 and 34°C. The direction frequency of west and southwest wind accounted for 35%, northwest wind 25% and calm 40%. Wind speeds were from 0.5 to 2.9m/s. Table 3-18a Existing Concentrations of CO Unit: mg/m3 I hourly average Daily average 5-day No. Sampling average points Sample Conc. range Excess Sample Conc. range Excess No standard % No standard % I Gaomiaozi 20 0.42-3.72 0 5 1.01-2.16 0 1.51 2 Bayintala 20 0.54-4.07 0 5 1.03-1.72 0 1.22 Table 3-18b Existing Concentrations of NO2 Unit: mg/m3 I hourly averag Daily averag 5-day No. Sampling Sample Conc. range Excess Sample Conc. range Excess average _ j points No standard % No I standard % I Gaomiaozi 20 0.002-0.046_ 0 5 0.002-0.026 0 0.011 2 Bayintala 20 0.002-0.025 0 5 0.005-0.012 0 0.008 Table 3-18c Existing Concentrations of TSP Unit: mg/m3 No. Sampling Daily average 5-day points It day 2nd day d a y yday day Conc. range Excess average I tl~~~~~~~~~tl~~ standard %s I Gaomiaozi 0.197 0.142 0.160 0.181 0.216 0.142-0.216 0 0.179 2 Bayintala 0.192 0.188 0.253 0.215 0.244 0.188-0.253 0 0.218 * Assessment on existing air quality I . The hourly average concentrations of CO at two places is between 0.42-4.07 mg/m3; the daily average concentrations is 1.01-2.16 mg/m3, both are the below class-two criterion of National Ambient Air Quality, respectively (GB3095-1996) (10.0 mg/m3 and 4.00 mg/rn3). 2. The average hourly and daily concentrations of NO2 is between 0.002-0.046 mg/m3 and 0.002-0.026 mg/m3, not exceeding the class II standards (0.015 mg/m3 and 0.10 mg/m3) in GB3095- 1996 3. The average daily level of TSP is between 0.142-0.253 mg/m3, below the class-two standard (0.3 mg/m3) in GB3095-1996. It can be seen that along the alignment of the proposed road, the concentrations of CO, NO2 and TSP are low, So it has a great acceptance capacity. the local air quality is fairly good. 3.5.4 Assessment on existing water quality * Monitoring of Existing water quality On the basis of the TOR of EIA, the Yinzi River and the Bawang river are chosen as the monitoring water bodies . Monitoring water contaminants and locations can be seen in Table 3-19 and The methods of water quality analysis are in Table 3-20. Table 3-19 Water Quality Monitoring point and Contaminants Order Name of place Post No. Water bodies Monitoring factors I gaomiaozi K279+880 Yinzi River CODM~. pH, Oil, SS I 2 Xiaoshaquan K353+737 Bawang River CODM., pH, Oil. SS 29 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway Table 3-20 Analysis methods for water quality Monitoring factors Analysis methods Adopted standard Detecting limit pH Glass electrode GB6920-86 CODM, permangeanate GB 11892-89 0.Smg/i SS gravity oil 0.05mg/1 * Monitoring results and assessment of existing water quality Monitored Results of Water Quality of two Rivers are given in Table 3-21 ,which data were monitored by Wulancabu league environmental monitor station in June 1999. Table 3-21 Monitored Results of Water Quality of the Rivers Rivers Cross sections Date of pH CODM, Oil SS sampling (mg(L ) | (mg/L) (mg/L) | Yinzi River Gaomiaozi 99-06-12 8.23 1.84 0.025 31 Bawang River Xiaoshaquan 99-06-12 8.41 5.23 0.025 39.5 The water qualities of the rivers are evaluated by using a singe index method and method of exceeding standard comparison, According to calculation, the assessment results of the existing water qualities air listed in Table 3-22. Table 3-22 Assessment Results of the water Quality of the Rivers Rver pH CODM| Oil Yinzi River I I I Bawang River I 11 Table 3-22 shows the assessment results of water quality. The existing water quality of the Yinzi River meets class I standard in GHZB1-1999, and the water of the Bawang River can reach class III standard of national standard for surface water quality(GHZB1-1999). In one word, the existing water quality along the route is fairly good, meeting the water quality standards of class III claimed by Inner Mongolia Environmental Protection Bureau. 30 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 4 HIGHWAY TRAFFIC NOISE IMPACTPREDICTIONAND ASSESSMENT 4.1 Traffic Noise Prediction 4.1.1 Predicted Traffic Volume and Vehicle Type Ratio The predicted daily traffic of each section of Laoyemiao-Jining Highway is listed in Table 2-2. The ration of large, medium-sized and auto and ratio of traffic flow in daytime and at night are presented in Table 4-1. Table 4-1 Ratios of Vehicle Types and Traffic Flow in Daytime and at Night unit: vehs /d Ratio of vehicle (%) Ration in daytim and at night (%) Sections Medium-sized daytime nighnime Auto vehile Lge vehicle (6:00-22:00) (22:006:00) Liao hemia- 25.93 52.10 23.17 79.00 21.00 Xinghe-Jining 28.74 43.19 28.07 83.06 16.94 4.1.2 Traffic Volume in Characteristic years According to Tables 2-2 and 4-1, the hourly average traffic volume in daytime and at night of each section and the characteristic years is converted in Table 4-2. Table 4-2 Prediction of Traffic Volume unit: veh/hr. Year Auto Medium-sized vehicle Lare ehicle Daytime Nighttime Daytime Nighttime Daytime Nighttime Liaoyemiao- 2005 59 22 120 63 53 23 K273+720- 2010 89 48 182 96 81 42 Xinghe 2015 134 72 271 142 120 63 K296+000 2025 290 154 586 308 259 136 Xinghe- K296+000 - 2005 69 28 103 42 55 23 Jining 2010 100 42 156 63 84 34 K364+000 2015 156 63 232 94 125 51 _________ 2025 335 134 464 201 268 110 4.1.3 Prediction Model 1. Prediction model for hourly equivalent noise level in daytime Leq, = LAi + 10 lg( N' ) + 10 jg(-o),+a + As -13 (4-1) TV, r where:Leqi -equivalent A acoustic level of I kind vehicle at the computation point; LA,j -average radiation acoustic level of i kind of vehicle, dB; T -assessment time ,taken as 1 hour; N, -traffic volume of i kind vehicle ,vch/h; V, -driving speed of i kind of vehicle, km/h; ro -reference location of radiation noise level,ro=15m; r -perpendicular distance of the point to driving line ,m; o -acoustic wave attenuation factors related to ground cover absorption; A s-attenuation of noise through sound barriers when traveling related to the revised value 31 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway of road properties, dB. 2. Prediction model of hourly equivalent acoustic level at nighttime The following model is used for prediction since the traffic volume at night is much less than that in daytime(see Table 4-2) Leqi =L +11Olg( ' ) + 15 lg( )+10g( ) +As -13 (4-2) eqi Ai TV, r r The meaning of symbols in the model is same as in (4-l)o 3. The model for equivalent acoustic level of n type vehicle flow at receiving point is L,4 = 1 OO Ig y00 IL (4-3) i=1 where: Lej -equivalent acoustic level dB of the flow ofj" running lane at the receiving point n-type of vehicles(i=l-auto;i=2-med.vehicles;i=3-heavy vehicles). 4. Equivalent acoustic level of n type at observation point is Leq = 10 lg E to vL (44) j=l 5. Noise level of a certain point subject to noise on one side of road In prediction year, the sum of background noise and traffic noise levels at any point on one side is: Leq = lOg E I OI-d +1 )o0Leqj (4-5) 4.1.4 Determination of Parameters in Prediction Model 1. Vehicular speeds and average referent radiation noise level The driving speed on the expressway may be considered as uniform. According to the design standards, the constant speeds of different types of vehicles are shown in Table 4-3. The radiation noise level depends on the speed, types of vehicles and properties of pavement. For this prediction, the model developed by Xi'an Highway University through many tests and analysis on high-class highway is adopted. See Table 4-3. Table 4-3 Driving speed and average redial noise levels Type of Speed Vi Noise level LA,(dB) Remarks vehicles (km/h) _ Large 60 82.46365 Asphaltic pavement for whole vehicle line,_____l7_49_36_54_g__ Medium 70 82.27863 LA2=4.60+42. IOlgV2 vehicle__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Auto 80 76.63898 L,,=12.60+33.651~V 2. Hourly traffic volume The hourly traffic volume (Ni)of assessment years is shown in Table 4-2 based on traffic volume prediction and types of vehicles. 3. Attenuation factor by ground cover Because the study areas are mainly farmland or wasteland, the attenuation factor of noise spread to ground cover a =0.5. 4. Additional attenuation of noise by embankment when traveling (1) Estimating the attenuation by embankment structure 32 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway For most part of the highway, the subgrade is on the high embankment, which results in additional attenuation to traffic noise spread. The additional attenuation is calculated as below: 2,5 f N =-= x a A 170 (4-6) 6 =D,+D2-D where: a -the-length difference of sound travel (Fig.4-1); f -equivalent frequency of traffic noise, f=500Hz; N - Flesnel number. Road structural attenuation can be obtained by using sound barrier attenuation curve according to Flesnel number (2) The addition attenuation by rural housing The addition attenuation by rural housing is calculated according to Table 4-4. Fig. 4-1 Sketch for Attenuation by Embankment Table 4-4 Noise Attenuation by Rural Housing Row of house Area of housing Attenuation value first 440-60% A s=3dB first 70-90% A s=5dB Increase of every one more Increment 1.5dB others More rows Max. A s=IOdB 4. 2 Impact Assessment of Traffic Noise Level 1. Noise level prediction at sensitive spots The noise exposure levels are obtained by superposing traffic noise and background value (existing noise level) (formula 4-5). The distributions of the noise levels at different spots along the proposed highway in 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2025 are shown in Fig.4-2. From Figure 4-2, we know the noise levels of sensitive locations in the study area during operation phase that are listed in Table 4-5. 2. Impact assessment on acoustic environment we know the noise levels of sensitive locations in the study area during operation phase that are listed in Table 4-5. According to the noise levels of sensitive locations in the study area during operation phase that are listed in Table 4-5, the noise impacts are assessed as follows: 33 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway r 2005 41: Dagong School (K280t-900)7. 2005 IF: Gaonmiaozi K281+450)1 70.0 0 60.0 ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ih 65.0 \=-Niglht 6 0 .0 - D ay~D a - o 0 . 50.0 ...5, -0 _ 40.0 50. - 30 0 a 20 4060 60 100 120 140 160 160 200 0 20 40 80 1 120 140 160 180 200 t ~~Distances from edge of roadway. mn Distance from edge of roadway, m 2010 ~T: Dagong School (K280+900) 700 !-1 ~~~~600- -Day ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 .0 Night_0 - 5 0 0Day |65.0 _ _0 -. 60. 0 -= c, 50.0 - . > SS.~~~~~~~~~~~~~55 0 . ~ 50.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 a 0 0 40 60 S0 100 120 140 160 180 200 Distance from edge of roadway, m I Distances from edge of roadway, m 2015 43: Dagong School (K280+900) | 2015 Gaomiaozi K281 450) 7 0.0 _ m_so _ ______________________ |_ 75. 0 0 ,,,,,,.; . ;, . . '5570.0 -Night ~~~ 60.0 -~~~~~~~~~Day -Day. ~65. 0 I- 40.0' 6 K 40.0 . ........................ . ----- - . . _ 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 50.0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160180200 Distance from edge of roadway, m 6it567 (i) 2020 $: Dagong School (280+900) 2020 If:Gaomiaozi (K281t450) 70.0 _ 75.0 65.0 Night700-Ngt -.-5.0 - Day 70. Da- I 55.0 5 - ,,50s0 -- 60. 0 . 3 45.0 ----------- 55.0 _ - 40.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . ._ __ _ .-_ _ _ __ _ 0 20 40 60 80100O120 140 180180 200 50. 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Distance from edge of roadway, m Distances from edge of roadway, m | 2025 $-: Dagong School (K2 80 | 25$G miaoz. (K28l±45O) 70.0 80. 0 Night 75.0 - -NghO| 2 m 60 F , \_ _ [ | m 65 ot < < _X . -Day Day co 60.0 7 - -60.0 - . - 40.0 50.0 ' 0 20 40 60 60 100 120 140 160 180 200 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1B0 200 Distance frorn edge of roadway, m l 'l Distances from edge of roadway, m Figure 4-2 The Distributions of the Noise Levels at Different Noise Sensitive Location 34 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 2005 1-: Bashixiang(K3274200) t2005v Dajing (K333Q00) 70. o 70.0 65. 0 Day -.J5 1D v ~~~ ~~~~~~~~Night Nigtht 65. 0 65,~~~~~~~~~~~S 0 -0. 0 -- A. _ 0oL 0 20 40 60 80 100120140 10 180 70Q 0 20 40 60 60 100 120 140 160 180 200 Distances from edge of roadway, In Distances froin edge of roadway, m 20to0Lo E: Bashixiang( 3 )2010. Dajin 17K333 .7._ V! -- _ _ _ S ° - 771 D5ay 1 \ 1 l m65 0 -J' °t2 0 ' = V'3' 5j0 ,,,. - - . 50 - 020 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 20D 0 20 40 6D eC 10D 120 140 160 180 200 Distanices from edge of roadway. m - Distances from edge of roadway, m 20154f: Bashixia ngK327+200) 205: Dajing K(333+300 75 0 7i.0 700PX|_NX70 0 Night G 6, ...o , t \ _ _ 6670 0 - Day 6 50 .. ~ 5 -I. 05 F 50o. ---- _ 0 , 50.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Distances from edge of roadway, m Distances from edge of roadway, m 1 2020 F:Bashixiang(K327 2Q0) |2004. Dajing .K333+300 5.i O 35.0 70tr5 0 ^ I m 67°5 '' |Night 7 N n555°.o ~~' =-65.0o ~ 0~~X ' E 50.0 60.0 o0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 500 20460B1010t0101820 Distances from edge of roadway, m Distances from edge of roadway, mn |2025 4:Bashixiaflg K327+200) , 2025 4: Dajing K333+300) 80. 0 _ 80. 0 75. 0 -Night I 75 0 vsi70.0 -' .Day |7m 0 ° ...- .Day i 65.0~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~6. .. 60. 0 ~- v D60. 0 r---_ > 55). . . .r .I .-.... _ , 50.0 .50 0 20 40 60 80 10 120 140 160 180 20C 0 204060 801001201401t0180200 Distances from edge of roadway, m Distances from edge of roadway, in Figure 4-2 The Distributions of the Noise Levels at Different Noise Sensitive Location 35 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 200.5 ff--: Bayintala (K345+850) [2YO _a iaa K4.585 0 650 r 00___ __(.O_- aa500 L00 \5. 0 '15l. 0 1708010 10-10 608020 50. 0F 4J. o -Il p p ; _ t 1 55 ~~~~~~60.0 - 50. 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ -~--..50.0 0 20 40 60 S3 100 120 140 160 200 j00 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 SS0 200 ____ Distances fiorm edge of roadway, a i Distances from edge of roadway, m |2 | __015_ Bayintala ( K345+852 1 7ayintala (K 3 lS f-8 i0) | > 5. 0 ,7.5 n m6:.0 _ , 0 Niglt \ ' 60- 0 6 50. 0 -- >5-- 55.0 45. 0 50.0 0 20 40 60 60 100 120 140 160 180 200 S 20 40 60 e5 100 120 140 160 180 200 Distances from edge of roadway, m Distances from edge of roadway, m K2025 4: Bayintala (K345+850) 75. 0 570.0 - 565. 0 5 60. 0 55.0 -- so. 0.... 0 20 40 60 o 0100 120 140 160 185 200 Figure 4-2 The Distributions of the Noise Levels at Different Noise Sensitive Location 36 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway Table 4-5 Environmental Noise Level during Operation Phase unit: Leq(dB) Noise level & beyond standard Place & Type of Dist. Year Leq (dB) Adopted Remarks stations from place roa standard center Day Night Day Night 2005 <50 <41 0.0 0.0 day: 55dB I Dagong Hope 2010 <51 <42 on0 o.o Reqtuest of School School 140 2015 <52 <43 0.0 0.0 the World oulsidesof K(280+900 Bank classroom 2020 <53 <44 0.0 0 0 (GB3096- night.. 45dB 2025 <54 <45 0.0 0.0 93) Class I 2005 <57 <53 0.0 0.0 Document of 2 Gaomiaozi Residential 2010 <58 <56 0.0 1.0 GB3096- NEPA,No.46 K281+450 area 75 2015 <61 <57 0.0 2.0 93 day: 70dB 2020 <62 <58 0.0 3.0 Class 4 night: 55dB 2025 <63 <60 0.0 5.0 2005 <56 <49 0.0 0.0 3 A small 2010 <57 <50 0.0 0.0 GB3096- day: 70dB Erxiaoping residential 80 2015 <59 <52 0.0 0 0 93 night: 55dB IC318+250 area 2020 <60 <53 0.0 00 Class 4 2025 <62 <54 0.0 00 2005 <61 <57 0.0 2.0 4 Bashixiang Residential 2010 <63 <58 0 0 3.0 GB3096- day: 70dB K327 + 200 area through 2015 <64 <59 0.0 4.0 93 night: 55dB 2020 <66 <62 0.0 7.0 Class 4 2025 <67 <63 0.0 8.0 2005 <62 <57 00 2.0 5 Dajing Residential 35 2010 <64 <58 0.0 3.0 GB3096- day: 70dB Village area 2015 <65 <61 0.0 6.0 93 night: 55dB K333+300 2020 <67 <62 0 0 7.0 Class 4 2025 <68 <63 00 8.0 2005 <55 <47 0.0 0.0 6 Bajing Residential 2010 <56 <48 0.0 0.0 GB3096- day: 7GdB Village area 90 2015 <58 <49 0.0 0.0 93 rnight: 55dB K333+300 2020 <59 <51 0.0 0.0 Class 4 2025 <60 <52 0.0 0.0 2005 <55 <50 0.0 0.0 7 Bayintala Residential 120 2010 <56 <52 0.0 0.0 GB3096- day: 70dB K345 + 850 area 2015 <57 <53 0.0 0.0 93 night: 55dB 2020 <59 <55 0.0 0.0 Class 4 2025 <61 <56 0.0 1.0 2005 <60 <49 0.0 0.0 8 K350+300 A small 100 2010 <61 <50 0.0 0.0 GB3096- day: 70dB Yiwutang residential 2015 <63 <52 0.0 0.0 93 night: 55dB area 2020 <64 <53 0.0 0.0 Class 4 2025 <65 <54 0.0 0.0 (1) The distance from the Dagong School to the proposed highway is 140m. The section of the road near the school is moat configuration. In addition, there is a hill between the school and the propose road. The hill has a function of natural sound barrier and greatly reduce the impact of traffic sound, caused by the highway on the school . Figure 4-3 shows the situation. (2) The noise levels of highway traffic to village residential areas in daytime can basically meet Class 4 (70dB) of standard of environmental noise of urban area. (3 ) The highway traffic noise has some impacts on villagers at nighttime depending on distance from the highway. In 2010 the noise levels at night will not exceed Class 4 by 3.0dB, in 2015, 6.0dB, in 37 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 2020, 7.0dB, and in 2025, 8.OdB. (4) The traffic noise has some impacts on near by Bashixiang, Dajing and Gaomiaozi villages. Because Bashixiang and Dajing villages are very close to the highway with the nearest distance of only I Sm, the excess levels are 2.0, 3.0,4.0, 7.0 and 8.0 dB(A) in 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025 individually. the noise excess values of levels at night at Gaomiaozi village are 1.0, 2.0,3.0 and 5.0 dB in 2010,2015,2020 and 2025. Therefore, mitigation measures at both villages are necessary. It is known that the highway will not have impacts on Dagong "Hope" Primary School and will not have notable effects on acoustic environment of sensitive locations in daytime during operation phase if Class 4 is adopted. However, at night it has effects to some extent. It has some impacts on Gaomiaozi, Bashixiang and Dajing villages at night. To alleviate the impacts, measures will be taken. See next section. the proposed highway yard wall playground of . Dagong School entrance door Figure 4-3 Situation of the Road, the School and lill Configuration 4. 3 Mitigation Measuresfor Traffic Noise 4.3.1 Engineering Measures At the villages noise level exceeding the Class IV of environment noise standard in urban area (GB3096-93) in operation phase (2025), according to their locations to the highway, the following measures are expected to take (See Table 4-6): 1. lOmrX200m of forest strip will be planted between Gaomiaozi Village and the highway to reduce noise by 2.0 dB. In long-term operation the excess will be less than 3.0dB. 2. The noise levels will be reduced by about 3.54.0dB by removing some houses beyond 40 m from the central line of the road at both Bashixiang and Dajing Villages. After three viDlages will be achieved above mitigation measures, The noise levels can basically be in compliance with Class 4 standards of GB3096-93. (day :70 dB, night: 55dB) 38 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemniao-Jining Highway Table 4-6 Noise Mitigation Measures From Max. predicted excess Sensitive centaUlne Length values Leq (dB) Measures & estimated reduction locations of road (m) (1n) Ld Ln GaonLiaozi viiiage 75 IS0 0.0 5.0 A strip of woods more than 10 m x 200m K281+450 will be planted between village & highway to reduce noise by 1.5-2.0dB- Adopted Class VI standards of GB3096- 93. (day:70 dB. night: 55dB) Bashixang Viuage 35 450 0.0 8.0 5 houses will be removed 40 m away to K327+200 reduce noise by 3.5dB, and woods with area of lOm X 150m will be planted in the land of removal empty between village & highway Adopted Class V7 standards of GB3096- 93. (dy :70 dB, night: 55dB) Dajing Residential 35 300 0.0 8.0 5 houses will be removed 40 m away to K333+300 area reduce noise by 3.5dB. In addition, woods with an area of lOmX 150m will be planted in the land of removal empty between village & highway Adopted Class VI standards of GB3096- _______ _____ 93. (day :70 dB, night: 55dB) Measures _( lOm x 500m-5000sm2 for noise total mitigation (© About 10 houses need to be removed due to noise pollution 4.3.2 Management measures 1. No new residential houses will be built within 100 m of the highway and other environmentally sensitive buildings such as schools and hospitals within 150m. 2. The masses and local governments along the road will be mobilized to plant trees on fallow land and between road and villages to protect the environment. 4.3.3 Residual Impacts and Development Tendency 1. By taking the measures in Table 4-6, the noise excess levels at the residential areas along the road in long-term operation can be reduced. 2. Although there are existmg protection forests around the villages and at other places, the public and governments will be told to plant more trees. So, the noise levels will be lower the predicted ones despite the increasing traffic. 3. 4.3.4 Estimated Cost for Noise Reduction Measures (see Table 4-7) Table 4-7 Estimated Cost for Noise Reduction Measures No. Items Amount unit Cost (10000yuan) I Forcst strips 5000(m2) 10 yuan/m2 5.0 2 Household 10 houses 25000/h. 25 removed __ _ 4.4 Noise Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase 39 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 4.4.1 Analysis of Noise Source during Construction Phase The noise during construction comes from construction machinery and haulage vehicles. The commonly used construction machines are excavators, bulldozers, levelers, mixers and rollers. Their noise levels at different distances under full load are in Table 4-8. Table4-8 Noise Levels of Machinery at Different Distances unit: dB(A) Mahiy 5m lOm 20mn 40m 60m 80m lOOm I 50m 200mi 300m Loader 90 84 78 72 68.5 66 64 60.5 58 54.5 Vibration type roller 86 80 74 68 64.5 62 6t) 56.5 54 50.5 Bulldozer 86 80 74 68 64.5 62 60 56.5 54 50.5 Leveler 90 84 78 72 66.5 66 64 60.5 58 54.5 Excavator 94 78 72 66 62.5 60 58 54.5 52 48.5 Spreader 87 81 75 69 65.5 63 61 57.5 55 51.5 Mixer 87 81 75 69 65.5 63 61 57.5 55 51.5 Note: the noise level s at a distance of Sm are the actual levels monitored 4.4.2 Analysis of Impacts on Acoustic Environment According to the noise standards for construction site (GB12523-90),the noise limit in daytime is 70-75 dB, 55 dB at night. Table 4-8 shows: I. The noise level of the machinery at 40 m beyond in daytime can meet the standard; at 200 m beyond at night. 2. Most villages in the study sections are beyond 40 m. So construction in daytime will not have noticeable impact on residents; however, at night it does. 4A.1 Noise Mitigation during Construction Phase 1. High-noise producing machinery will not be allowed to operate (22:00-6:00) at sections in close vicinity of residential areas such as Dajing Village (K333 + 300, Gaomiaozi village (K281+450) and Bashixiang village (K327+200). 2. Machinery operators and construction workers will be protected with provisions like earplugs and helmets. 3. Quarries, mixing sites, and asphalt mixers should be located :lm00 from sensitive places. 4. The major haulage routes will be chosen as far as possible from villages and schools and other sensitive locations. 4. 5 Summaries ofAcoustically Environmental Assessment I. During the operation phase (2005-2025), the traffic noise will not have notable effects on acoustic environmnent of villages in daytime. The noise levels in the study areas can basically be in compliance with Class 4 of GB3096-93. 2. During operation phase, the traffic noise will have effects on villages to some extent at night. In long-term of operation, the levels will exceed the standards at 3 villages, with Gaomiaozi Village, Dajing Village and Bashixiang Village in particular. 3. If measures in Table 4-6 are taken, the excess levels can be controlled. 4. Since the noise impacts is of short-term, they can be reduced to a minimum by strengthening mmagement, implementing monitorng and supervision, and by taking mitigation measures. To sum up, based on the assessment of acoustic environment there are no uncontrollable noise pollution problems. Therefore, the project is feasible. 40 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 5 PREDICTIONANDASSESSMENTOFIMPACTSON ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAND MITIGATION MEASURES The major impacts of the project on ecosystem are impacts on local land utilization pattems, vegetation and the ecological problems resulting from as a consequence. 5. 1 Direct Impacts of the Project to Long-term Land Use and Mitigation Measures 5.1.1 Direct Impact Analysis on Land Use The land use for the right-of-way is permanent, which brings about some loss to agricultural production. See Table 5-1 for the land use. The total amount of land used for the project is 7,491.72 mu including 2856.03 mu of wasteland, 1329.38 mu of dry land, 2466.5 mu of paddy land, 323.24 mu of forest land and 307.83 mu of grassland. Table 5-1 Amount of Land Used Unit: mu No Station Belong to Land type and amount paddy dry forest Grass homestead waste river _______________________ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~Iland 1 K273+720-K285+ Gaomiaozi S 4177 6S4 2P6 _ 11053 000 Township 2 K25+o000- Haoqian 64145 9S32 53703 3 K302+ lOO TownshiD 3 K302+100- Ertai Township 55f 271 4253 14597 653 K306+900 4 K306+9004- Epuping 2744 337 54137 159 K322+000 TownShip 5 K322+000- Xiaozhuo 333B8 13139 8a56 2.67 54705 K336+700 Township_ 6 K336+700- BtTown*p 35.11 101.12 14566 333 323 1644 I K347+200 7 K347+200' Saihan 114X7 656 4. 452 K349+500 Township 8 K349+500- Baihaizi Tiwnship 5 10.07 I K358+000 9 K358+000- Yushuwan 34613 439 K362+759 Township _ _ 10 Xinghe Toll Station Xinghc County 18 (K273+850) I_ Xinghe Administrative Xinghe County 10 Section (K299+800) 12 Xinghe Service Center Xinghe County 60 (K309+300) 13 Jining Service Jining City 8 _ Center(K354+350) _ 14 Gaijiu (KO+000- Puping 7691 1227 0.72 K3+700) Township _ 15 Xinghe connecting line Xinghc County 17400 . 053 73.92 I49 Subtotal . . _ _ 246556 L3R 32324 30.783 3434 285603 1749 _ __Tot 7491. 2a 41 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway Indirect Impact Analysis on land use pattern is listed in Table 5-2. In Table 5-2, the number of population is that of the whole township, so the mean amount is that of the whole township too. Table 5-2 Analysis of Impact of Land Use on Land Use Pattern Place Town/ship Rural fannland per Land use for Land reduced per Grain reduced per population person (mu) project (mu) person (mu/p) person (kgtp) Gaomiaozi 7815 8.8 489.55 0.063 4.09 u) t Haoq ian 14267 7.7 746.77 0.052 3.38 Ertai 18700 11.9 88.57 0.0047 0.31 Erpuping 6974 8.2 351.31 0.050 3.25 Xiaozuo 8010 8.9 464.47 0.057 3.71 .CZ Bavantala 15374 6.6 137.23 0.008 0.52 Co Caihan 13609 6.1 114.87 0.008 0.52 sO , Baihaizi 11812 6.1 598.32 0.051 3.32 Pingdiquan 13881 4.9 1359.22 0.097 6.31 Bayan 15931 384.76 0.024 1.56 Total or average 110442 7.689 4350.31 0.043 2.823 The table shows that the amount of land used for the highway accounts for 0.51% of the total farmland. 0.043 mu will be reduced per farmer and 2.823 kg of grain will be lost per person. This means that the land use for the project has minor effects on the general land use along the study area with the integrated pattern unchanged. However, in order to reduce the impacts to a minimum, the land for temporary use like mixing sites, borrow sites or construction access roads will be rehabilitated for farming. 5.1.2 Measures for Land Protection To minimize the impacts the following engineering and management measures are proposed to take: 1. The alignment will avoid high-yield farmland as possible by using wasteland or dry land. The ratio of land used for highway construction: 38.1% of wasteland, 50.7% of arable land including 32.9% of paddy field. 2. "Shrinkage" slopes will be used in section of high-yield farmland by means of retaining walls to protect subgrade to reduce land use. 3. Sites for materials storage and mixing use will be located within the range of land acquired. Construction camping grounds will be in the rented existing buildings as possible. 4. To reduce occupation of farmland, borrow will be conducted centrally for embankment fills. 16 borrow sites and 21 spoil sites have been identified with an area of 1,360 mu including 1,030 mu of hilly land, thus that amount of farmland saved. 5. Due to the fact that the land acquired lies in a corridor, the farmland will be reduced much per person. For this reason, the farmers whose farmland has been acquired will be reallocated with farmland. 6. Compensation for loss of land will be conducted in accordance with the local policies and regulations to improve economy or living standards of the farmers. 5. 2 Indirect Impacts of the Project to Long-term Land Use and Mitigation Measures 42 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 5.2.1 Estimated Impact Extent on Vegetation during Construction Phase 1. Elements of impact on vegetation Loss or damage of/to vegetation resulting from land acquisition, pernanent land use, borrow and spoil sites will occur. * Impacts of project on land use The total amount of land occupied for the project is 7,491.28 mu including 3795.94 mu of farmland, 307.83 muofgrassland, 2856.03 mu of wasteland and 323.24 muofwoods(See Table 5-l) . As a result of the construction of the project, all the vegetation will be lost. * Inpacts of temporary land use Land will be used temporally in construction phase for access roads, mixing sites, pre- fabrication sites and/or construction campuses. The amount of land for temporary use is expected 408 mu. See Table 5-3. The vegetation will be damaged because of the construction. Table 5-3 Temporary Use of Land unit: mu Section Use Land tvDe and amaunt _________ ______________ DryHillv Woods waste Grass Mixing sites for base . 30 30 30 K273+720- Mixina sites for oavin 30 30 K362+759 Pre-fabrication sites 60 60 Access roads 6 132 Subtotal 60 30 66 252 f Total 408 * Impacts of Borrow and Spoil Sites On both sides of the proposed road, 16 borrow pits and 19 spoil areas have been designed. Both occupying 1,586 mu of land. See Figure 2-3. The vegetation there is subjected to destroying. * Other factors during construction phase The vegetation is prone to damage also because of the activities of construction workers and machinery. 2. Estimated loss of biomass Loss of woods is shown in Table 54. The data in the Table 5-4 is corrected based on the investigation of the trees along the proposed road to date. The original data was based on the preliminary Engineering Feasibility Study. During the period of the Engineering Feasibility Study, for considerations of protecting environment, some sections of the proposed road kept away from many woods. The estimated number of the tree to be cut has been reduced from 1 36,190 to 67,649. Therefore, the total number of the tree to be cut has been decreased. In addition, tree planting will be conducted after completion of construction of sections; scheme for tree planting is shown in Figure 5-1. Rows of trees will be planted on both sides of the road with interval of about 3 m. The number of tree planting totals 180,000 along the proposed highway; 85,737 trees will be planted in the interchanges and land acquisition for the road, which add up to 266,737. The number of the planted tree under the project will exceed that of the tree to be cut (67, 649) with 199,088. Table 5-4 Loss of Trees due to Project Construction _________ Nwnber_______ No. Station Belong to <5cm 5-20cm >20cm Young assortment assotment assortment trees I K274+ 100-1K283+300 Gaomiaozi 20 7984 2 K299+ 150 Haoqian 15 3 K302+700-K304+000 Ertai 1049 8535 19 4 K317+600-K320+560 Erpuping 2400 2600 5 K320+400-K336+460 Xiaozhuo 32 13654 125 177 6 K336+400-K348+019 Bayitala 8763 19458 325 7 K349+100-K350+065 Saihan 178 8 K350+80o-K352+972 Baihaizi 26 67 . 9 K353+800-K361+300 Yushuwan 1828 308 86 10 Kl+420-K2-+ 300(&10) Erpuping 20 4 Subtotal 14118 52799 555 177 Total 67649 43 Environmental Impact Statetnent for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway Estimated impacts on vegetation (change of biomass) are presented in Table 5-5. Table 5-5 Estimated Impacts on Vegetation No Item Land type Amount (mu) Amount impacted (kg/a) Notes I Right-of- woods 323.24 Loss of67649 trees Lumber trees:67472. young way trees. 177 2 Right-of- Grass land 307.83 Reduction of grass yield Yield of grasspermu: 90 kg way of 27704.7 3 Right-of- Farnland 3795.94 Reduction of grain of Estimated by local average way 246736 vield 4 Tempoy Dry and 312 Reduction of grass of Yield of fresh grnss is 90 kg waste land 28080 5 Sites of Dry, hilly 1586 Reduction of grass of Yield of fresh grass is 90 kg pe borrow land 142740 mu and spoil 5.22 Analysis of Impact on Vegetation 1. Analysis on iTpact of land use for right-of-way The land use for highway right-of-way contributes to loss of vegetation. However, the amount for this purpose is negligible compared with the total area of land there. See Tables 5-1 and 5-2. Therefore, the agricultural ecosystem and deserted pasture ecosystem will not be affected remarkably. In addition, the current will be replaced with hard pavement (hard cover), planted grasses and planted trees (soft cover). There will be no detrimental effects in this aspect. 2. Analysis on impact of borrow and spoil sites and temporary land use The vegetation loss due to land use for borrow and spoil sites and other temporary use is of short-term. However, it is difficult to restore the destroyed vegetation in Wu League owing to the dry weather and sandy soil, sandy clay and desert gray soil that occur everywhere. Once the vegetation is destroyed, loose top sand layers will occur, and will become thicker because of wind erosion. As a result, there will be local desertification. Unfortunately, this impact is irrevocable. 5.2.3 Mitigation Measures for Impact on Vegetation 1. Vegetation protection measures during construction stage (1) Protect trees within right-of-way, protection forests for irrigation channels in particular; (2) Not cut trees within the temporary land if possible. Protection forests of soil conservancy and irrigation channels are not allowed to cut; (3) Trees beyond right-of-way are not allowed to cut, grass land and bushes should be protected by strengthening management. 2. Reduce areas of borrow and spoil sites The total area for borrow and spoil sites is about 1,586 mu, mostly in hilly areas having no impacts on farmland. See Tables (0-2 and 6-3. To reduce desertification, elevation of embankment will be lowered where appropriate so that the area for borrow and spoil sites can ereduced. 3. Rehabilitation of borrow and spoil sites In construction, the activities of selection of borrow and spoil sites will be incorporated with local agriculture development and general plan under consultation widt the local authorities. To sum up, these sites will be rehabilitated as soon as possible. 4. Temporary land should be used as less as possible During construction period it is advisable to locate the land for temporary use within the highway right-of-way such as interchanges, service centers and toll stations. The construction campuses and other sites should be rented in existing places. All the damaged vegetation and 44 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway exposed soil resulting from the construction will be rehabilitated as soon as the project is finished (within and beyond the right-of-way). 5.2.4 Measures to Prevent Top Soil from Desertificating The only way to prevent desertification due to the project construction is to compensate for and/or restore surface vegetation. 1. Greening/planting trees and grasses within the right-of-way Planting trees and grasses can protect subgrade, prevent soil erosion and beautify the view. It can also better the ecological environment along the route. 85737trees and 349912m2 mu of grass will be planted for this purpose. See Table 5-6. 2. Measures to Restore Vegetation As soon as the project is completed, the land for temporary use will be cleared for restoration of vegetation or reclamation where there are irrigation facilities. Where there are no irrigation facilities, grasses will be planted in straw squares to prevent top-soil from desertification. See Table 5-7. Table 5-6 Estimated Greening Area within Right-of-way Places Number or amount Notes Poplars Pines Grass(m2) Slopes on either 60558.7 22585.44 16120.4 A row of pines and two rows of poplars on side and sections of fill on either side; two rows of From toe to poplars on sections of cut with a spacing of border 4 m. See Figure 6-1. Median dividers 22770.27 Medians will be grassed. Interchanges 1004.36 1589.25 100021.27 See Figure 6-2. Total 85737 349912 Table 5-7 Measures for Vegetation Restoration on Land for Temporary Use locations Stations Items Area of grass Return grain Grass seeding plots to grass seeds X I 000m2 (mu) (kg) Mixing sites for K283 +W00 Clear up refuse, real 60 618 base K303+000 tillage, plant grasses ______ ____ K340+000 _ Mixing sites for K297+000 Clear up refuse, real 40 412 paving K340+000 tillage, plant grasses _ Sites for K280+000 Clear up refuse, real 80 824 prefabrication K317 + 000 tillage, plant grasses K340+O000 K353 + 700 Borrow and K273+720- Refilling oftop-soil, 1147.33 11817 spoil sites K362+759 leveling and planting _____ _____ _____ _ ___ _____ ____ rasses __________ Subtotal grass_es_ 1327.33 0 13671 5. 3 Greening and Landscape of the Highway 5.3.1 Greening 1. The greening will be designed section by section depending on various requirements like subgrade type, environment, highway view and induction of visual line, etc. Figure 5-1 is the conceptual diagram for subgrade greening. 2. In addition to subgrade protection and water/soil conservancy, highway landscape and 45 cross-section of full-width subgradc cross-sectional of full-width cutting grasses ' 1.. plane figure C1 TG 79l- L130 2 plane figure Xr M _ r 0fA CL C _~~~~~~~~- L C 2.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~a On eithe sicoIilseto-n owoHolr 3. On cither side of cut section two rows areplanted-. FD 5-1 S Li_ _ ii-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-- e Notes 1. The unit of measurement in this figure is cm; 2. On either side of fill section one row of poplars and two rows of pines are planted. 3. On either side of cut section two rows are planted. Figure 5-1 Sketch Map of Subgrade Greening Design 4/,, Laoyeiao ,se Jinting A/9 Legends::4 : High trees (poplars) are planted i _~~~~ Vision-induction trees are planted (pines) Li Bushes are planted 0t Non-plantation areas ° Bush spheres E=Low bush modeling Figure 5-2 Sketch Map of Greening of Xinghe Interchange Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway environment factors such as noise reduction and air pollution will also be taken into account greening design. Greening design will be incorporated with the construction of local afforestation. 3. Embankment slopes will be sodded with violet alfalfa and wheatgrasses. Anti-wind erosion bushes like salix mongolica will be planted at the areas below 1/3 of the slope. The design of high retaining walls will be considered together with plant protection. When mortar stone meshes are used, sod will be planted in the middle. 4. In case of embankment slopes and cut hillsides, engineering measured will be combined with plant protection. When the cut slope is higher than 8 m, the slope will be protected by using mortar schist or macadam at the toe. The surface will be protected by means of frames. In the middle drought-enduring and sand-resist plants will be used. 5. The median dividers will be planted with drought-resist, wind resist species. 6. The design of interchanges will receive special attention. The design will be characterized with local features including species of plants and patterns. In addition to plane design, vertical design also should be integrated to forrn all sided greening. For example, sketch maps of Xinghe Interchange is in Figures 5-2. 7. The greening at service centers should be in harmony with the planning and architecture herein. Lawns, flower-bearing plants are suitable. 8. To ensure survival rate of plants, the plants need special care by full-time staff. 5.3.2 Implementation of Greening 1. Highway greening should have the following functions: safe, comfortable induction vision, anti-dazzle features and beautiful landscape. Therefore, the greening should be designed by authorized institutions. 2. To guarantee that the design is excellent, the design should be made as soon as the general project design is completed. 3. A tender for greening design will be made and supervision will be conducted. 5.3.3 Analysis of Impact on Landscape On either side of the proposed project there are mainly farmland, waste hills and valleys with no beautiful scenery. On completion of the project, a new modern highway with beautiful landscape will appear against the monotonous deserted pasture. 5.4 Summary of Impacts on Ecological Environment 1. Acquisition of land will not nave notable impacts on the pattern of land use along the alignment. Permanent land use for the highway will contribute to loss of vegetation to some extent. However, it will be made up for through greening, and as a result, the change of biomass will be minor. Therefore, there will be no adverse impacts on kinds and features of ecological environment. 2. The alignment of the projected highway is rational, for the land used is mostly dry land with low yield ( 35% of the total). The loss of grains is less than 3 kg per person a year due to the highway construction. 3. Local desertification will occur due to damage to vegetation at borrow and spoil sites during construction period unless appropriate protection measures are taken. This kind of impact is irrevocable because of severe wind erosion in this area. Therefore, measures will be taken to restore vegetation at borrow sites and other construction sites. All measures to restore ecology in the study report will be implemented. See Table 5-7 48 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 4. Greening within the whole right-of-way will compensate for the green land lost; in 5-8 years of operation of the highway, a green corridor along the highway will appear (a favorable ecosystem) improving the ecological environment along the road. To sum up, from the viewpoint of EIA, the alignment of the proposed highway is rational. It will not have notable effects on ecological environment if measures mentioned in the report are taken. Locally, the ecological environment will improve. Therefore, we can conclude that the project is feasible environmentally. 49 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 6 PREDICTIONANALYSIS ONSOIL EROSIONAND SUGGESTIONS SOIL CONSERVANCY 6.1 Predicted Impacts on Soil Erosion during Construction The major soil erosion contributors are: great amount of earth/stone works in the construction stage, exposed areas due to embankment fills, exposed surfaces due to excavation of borrow and spoil sites, damaged water and soil conservancy facilities such as woods and vegetation. Soil erosion will result in damage to farmland, deterioration of crop-producing power and loss of water, silting up of river-bed and so on. 6.1.1 Amount of Earth/Stone Works The total length of the proposed alignment is 91.28 km. The total of earth/stone works is 9,376,910 m3 including 8,224,180 m3of earth works and 1, 1 52,730 m3 of stone works. The amount of fills of earth and stone is expected to be 6,517,350 m3 involving 5,777,830 m3 coming from cutting which accounts for 68.5% of cutting. The total amount of spoil totals up to 2,120,004 m3 of earth and stone. The amount of earth/stone works is listed in Table 6-1. Table 6-1 Amount of Earth/Stone Works unit: m3 Cuts Fills Spoils No Station total total used borrow total earth stone earth stone earth stone earth stone earth stone I K273+ 720-- 991546 373261 847676 144567 372822 144567 32991 0 176861 228694 K283 2 K283-K293 921273 360419 745938 0 312211 0 4929 0 180264 360419 3 K293-K303 159617 0 610281 0 109429 0 454081 0 3417 0 4 K303-K313 538459 145161 503188 67819 209076 67819 17619 0 39434 77342 5 K313 K323 295042 818053 247201 347438 [39359 300693 27973 0 75814 470615 6 K323-K333 105536 86381 288527 508905 105536 105657 182991 0 0 83399 7 K333'-K343 49881 222976 546759 171577 46450 23328 497378 20000 0 71399 8 KC343-K353 0 0 717797 20000 0 0 717797 20000 0 0 9 K353-K362 0 0 869074 0 0 0 849074 0 0 0 Subtotal 3060854 2716971 5404624 1 268 1072725 2819560 40000 475790 1 644246 6.1.2 Analysis on the Rationality of Distribution of Borrow and Spoil Sites Depending on the amount of earth, stone and sand and cost of materials, 16 sites are expected to place including 6 quarries for schist or broken rock, 7 for sand or gravel, 2 for clay, I for lime. See Tables 6-land 6-2. To protect farmland, all the sites will be located on hillsides or wasteland. There will be 19 spoil sites (Table 6-3) occupying 320 mu of hilly land or wasteland. Environmentally the amount of these sites and their distribution are rational. Table 6-2 Borrow and Spoil Sites No Aucatiojn ol horrow Haul Burrow Purmnanurit Temnporar) (mtu) Supply from to stations le t right (m) (M) (mu) dry fore Dry hilly I (M) (in) land St laind I K283+ 40() 200 600 40000 6() K282+800-K283+000 2 K294+500 50 1200 60000 3( K292+000 K296+000 50 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 3 K295+500 100 100 3298 _ | K296+000-K297+000 4 K298+200 100 800 20000 15 M K297+000-K298+000 5 K299+400 100 500 150000 60 K299+000-K300+000 6 K302+400 100 1200 160000 30 30 K300+000-K303+000 7 K317+900 50 50 4400 50000 . 45 K312+000-K315+000 8 K329+400 300 800 120000 _ K328+000-K331+000 9 K332+500 300 1000 180000 90 K332+000-K334+000 10 K337+300 300 700 40000 _ 15 K337+300-K338+400 11 K338+600 200 70000 30 K338+000-K339+000 12 K339+000 1000 5000 5000 30 K341+000-K345+000 13 K339+600 200 500 90000 15 K339+000-K340+000 14 K339+600 200 2600 200000 80 K340+000-K344+000 15 K346+400 200 1300 200000 135 K344+000--K347+000 16 K348+500 300 900 200000 135 K347+000-K349+000 17 K349+400 200 1600 230000 _ 135 K349+000--K352+000 18 K354+350 200 1300 220000 9(1 K352+000-K355+000 19 K355+200 500 1400 180000 90 K355+000-K357+000 20 K358+500 so5 1300 220000 _110 K357+000-K360+000 21 K361+200 300 1200 240000 135 K360+--K362+759. 58 Subtotal 2678298 135 195 1030 Table 6-3 Spoil Sites Location of spoil Haul Spoil amount Permanent Temporary No Stations ___________ __________ (m) (MI) (mu)(hilly) (mu)(hilly) left(m) Right(m) I K274+050 50 400 67411 15 2 K274+400 100 200 34504 10 3 1K276+000 50 500 157915 30 4 K277+500 100 300 53079 15 - 5 K278+300 100 400 92646 15 6 K284+400 200 400 209765 30 7 K285+600 100 100 119104 15 8 K(286+600 100 200 61160 10 9 K291+000 100 300 150654 30 10 K304+800 100 500 39434 20 it K305+ o00 100 200 73767 20 12 K(311+200 3575 1 13 K315+400 100 200 54213 15 14 K321+600 200 1500 166487 30 15 K322+000 300 _ 600 254989 30 16 K322+300 __ _ 500 1000 70740 15 17 K324+ 500 500 500 240491 30 18 K331+800 200 400 52705 15 19 K335+000 300 _ 500 71399 15 S =___ Subtotal I _I 1974038 320 41 6.1.3 Prediction Analysis on Soil Erosion during Construction Stage Wulanchabu League through which the proposed highway passes has little rainfall but rainfall centralizes. In addition, in the spring strong winds blow with sand, which leads to both water and wind erosion there. See Table 4-3. I Prediction of Intensity hydraulic erosion (1) Prediction Model For this assessment, a common model put forward by the Agriculture Ministry of America is used, but with some revisions. The model is: A=R K L, C P (6-1) where: A-Erosion intensity ( t/ha-a ); R - Erosion factors of mean rainfall; 51 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway K -Soil erodible factors ( t / ha) L, -Landform factors; C -Cover and management factors; P -Actual erosion control factors. (2) Physical meaning and value of parameters R stands for dynamics of hydraulic erosion related to precipitation and rainfall intensity which can be considered unchanged before and after the highway construction; K stands for the sensitivity of soil to erosion related to soil granularity and organic composition. When K is less than 4, the seepage is moderate in case of topsoil. In case of lower layer of excavated topsoil, the structures are mainly blocks and in lamellar form with K being 0.42 - 0.46. LE stands for grade length and degree called landform factors. It can be calculated by using the following model: L ( A )m(6541sn2 0 +4.56sin9+ 0.065) (6-2) 22.13 where: A-grade length (m ) ,the distance between start of runoff to river basin or settlement pools; 0-angleofgroundsurface (0 m -experimental index. Parameters mentioned above prior to, during and after construction phases and landform factors are listed in Table 6-4. Table 6-4 Estimated Landform Factors and Parameters Prior to construction During and after construction Parameters Plain rolling Hilly areas Slope of fill Slope of fill Borrow sites areas embankment and cut (borrow (mean fill is 4m) embankment leveling) Grade length A 50-1OOm 10-50m 7.2m IOm 30-50m Surface angle a 50 -15' 250 ° 30° 33.70 350 5. Experimental 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 index m _I Landform 5.88 10.72 11.58 15.02 1.29 factors L, C is ground cover factors ( their levels are in Tables 6-5 and 6-6). Prior to the construction phase at plain light rolling areas C = 0.8, at hilly areas C = 0.3; during operation phase when vegetation is damaged C = 1.0; P is the erosion control factor whose levels are in Table 6-7. Prior to the construction phase at plain farmland areas, P = 0.5: at waste land P = 0.6. During the construction phase, subgrade P = 0.7, ground surface after excavation P = l.0 . Table 6-5 C Levels of Different Crops Crops and Fallow or Herbage or After sowing Growth seasons management waste land beans or harvesting beans l wheat Pasture C value 1.0 0.01 0.3-0.8 0-1-0.3 0.05-0.15 0.01 52 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway Table 6-6 C Values of Different Kinds of Vegetation Vegetation Ground Surface Cover (%) .__________ 10 20 40 60 80 100 Pasture 0.45 0.24 0.15 0.09 0.043 0.011 Bushes 0.4 0.22 0.14 0.085 0.040 0.011 Bushes and 0.39 0.20 0.11 0.06 0.027 0.007 high trees Table 6-7 P Values at Construction Sites types Coarse/ Sand settlement Loose Smooth Compacted Drainage Retaining irregular tanks or sand surface surface subgrade and and walls surface retaining dam pavement catchment P Levels 1.0 0o9 0.7 0.1 0.6 0.4 0.5-0.8 (3) Predicted levels of soil erosion intensity To simplify the calculation, the intensity of soil erosion before the construction stage is supposed to be A,, that during the construction A2 . so the prediction model can be simplified as follows: A2 R2K2LS2C2P2 _K2L2C2P2 (6 3) Al RIKIL,SCIP, KILS,C,P, The above parameters are substituted into Model (6-3), then, based on the current erosion, the hydraulic erosion intensity at construction sites can be obtained. See Table 6-8. Table 6-8 Potential Hydraulic Erosion Intensity during Construction Phase Current situatio Con truction phase Areas Module Intensity Class Sites A2,A, Module Intensity Class (t/km2.a) (t1km2. a) Plain light 800 minor I Subgrade 5.16 4128 Moderate 3 rolling slope areas Borrow sites 2.13 1704 Light 2 Hilly 1900 light 2 Subgrade 8.17 15523 Very 5 slope minor Borrow sites 2.13 4047 moderate 3 2. Intensity prediction of wind erosion (1) Prediction model Wind erosion is assessed with sand amount and is calculated by using the following model: Q = 1.I6477a x V059492 x o-4 (6-4) where: Q-sand amount(g / cm2 * min); a -comprehensive revision coefficient related to soil properties, vegetation and attack angle of wind. V -wind speed (rmns ) The wind speed in Wulancabu League is measured to be 4 - 5 m /s causing wind erosion due to exposed sand. Wind speeds higher than 4.5 m / s each year and the total duration of wind are listed in Table 6-9. Table 6-9 Wind speed and Duration Causing Wind Erosion Areas Xinghe County Jining City Chayou ian League Mean speed( m / S ) 4.5 4.2 4.3 Annual wind time (min) 28800 17280 21600 53 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway (2) Estimated intensity of wind erosion Wind erosion occurs mainly on the ground surface. Large areas of vegetation will be damaged during construction phase because of borrow sites, which leads to wind erosion. The amount of input sand per square kilometer due to the excavation of borrow sites is presented in Table 6-10. It shows that once the vegetation is damaged because of excavation of borrow sites, under the severe climatic conditions, intensive wind erosion will occur expanding desertifacation areas. Table 6-10 Predicted Intensity of Wind Erosion because of Borrow Sites Current situation Constructi n period Areas Erosion module Erosion Class Input Erosion Class Times of (tkm2 a) intensity . (tfkm.a) intensitv increase Xinghe 857 Li ht 2 8208 Intensitv 4 9.58 Jining 200 minor I 4726 intensity 4 23.63 Chyougian 230 minor 1 5991 Intensity 4 26.05 6. 2 ImpactAnalysis on Soil Erosion 6.2.1 Water Erosion 1. Estimated soil erosion on subgrade slopes According to Table 6-8, subgrade slopes will result in great soil erosion. When the subgrade is completed, the potential soil erosion is given in Table 6-1l provided that there is no protection. Soil erosion is equal to erosion module A multiplied by soil area S. See Table 6-1. Table 6-11 Possible Soil Erosion on Subgrade Slope (without Protection) Plain light rolling Hilly areas Whole line areas Mileage (km) 45.00 46.28 91. 280 Soil erosion (t/a) 2674.9 10345 12019.9 Erosion per km (tlkm. a) 59.44 223.53 282.970 2. Impact Analysis on Soil Erosion on Subgrade Slopes (I) Impact analysis in plain light rolling areas (Sections like Shangsanhaodi) O1) Damage to farmland is resulted from penetration of large amount of sand into it. (® Crop-producing power is reduced because of large amount of sand mud coming into the field. ® Ecological environment is affected by mud and sand from subgrade slope silting up in flat areas expanding desertification area. (2) Impact analysis in river basins (Bawang River and Niuming River) During rainstorms, great amount of mud and sand together with runoff flows into hilly gullies, silting up river courses. As a result, floods occur, threatening people's life and properties. Subgrade without protection works would be washed away causing damage to the subgrade itself. Therefore, very effective protective works will be provided to protect the subgrade of Laoyemiao to Jining Highway. 3. Impact analysis on soil erosion at borrow sites Table 6-8 shows that when the borrow sites are cleared up and leveled, hydraulic erosion will very slight causing no notable effects on surface runoff and ecological environment. Its protection measures are considered together with anti-wind erosion measures. 6.2.2 Impact Analysis on Wind Erosion 54 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway I . Estimated amount of input sand According to Table 6-10 and the borrow amount at different sections, the amount of input sand and areas of borrow sites are presented in Table 6-12. It is seen that the potential amount of input sand because of damage to vegetation is estimated to be 65090 tons each year. The depth of wind erosion is expected to be 2.60-3.60 cm with Xinghe County in particular. Table 6-12 Area of Borrow Sites and Amount of Input Sand Areas Xinghe Chavoucian Whole line Borrow (m3) 483298 2515000 2998298 Area of borrow sites (mu) 270 1260 1530 Annual input sand (t) 14770 50320 65090 Annual erosion depth (cm) 3.60 2.60 2. Impact analysis on wind erosion Once the vegetation along the borrow sites is destroyed, they soon become the sources of input sand, and as a result, the zonal soil erosion and desertification occur. 6.3 Mitigation Measures (Control of Soil Erosion) 6.3.1 Policy and Regulations for Soil Conservancy Plan and Its Targets 1. Policy and regulations: (1) Water and Soil Conservancy Law of PRC (2) Technical Specifications for Water and Soil Conservancy Developments issued by Ministry of Water Conservancy (SL204-98 ) (3) Design Specifications for Road Subgrade by MOC (JTJO13-95X) (4) Project Feasibility Study Report 2. Protection targets ( I ) Minimum damage to water and soil conservancy facilities and compensation if any. (2) Proper disposal of waste of earth and stone. (3 ) No hidden perils of slide and collapse (4) Topsoil restored and exposed surface covered with vegetation. (5) Engineering measures against soil erosion put forward 6.3.2 Mitigation Measures against Hydraulic Erosion 1. Subgrade protection works Reliable subgrade protection works have been designed for the project. For their number, see Table 6-13. Short introduction to protection works: ( I ) Protection of fill embankment (D When the subgrade is 4m, the slope is protected with plantation of grasses. Bushes and arbor trees are planted at toe to the border of right-of-way. See Figure 6-1. ( When the subgrade is 4-5m,the slope is protected by using slurry schist and/or plantation of grasses. See Figure 6-1 ) When the subgrade is>5m,mortar schist retaining wall is placed below 1/2 or 1/3 of the slope. (0When the subgrade is >6m, below 6m, slurry schist slope is used. See Figure 6-1. (©) At the vicissitudinous section in width and depth of the river (K277+500), T-type dams are built to slow down water speed. See Figure 6-1. ( At partial sections of sand and wind erosion, gentle slope is used, and on it grasses are 55 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway planted and sand barriers are built. The cut slope is 1: 2-1: 3. See Figure 6-2. (2) Subgrade protection of cutting 1. When the cut is A3m deep, earth slopes will be planted with grasses. 2. When the cut is 3-5m, earth slopes will be protected with mortar arches in diamond shape, in which grasses are planted. See Figure 6-3. In case of weathered rocks, the slope will be gentle to prevent rocks from falling 3. When the cut is) 12m, terraced slopes are adopted, the platform being 1.5m-2.Om wide with the height difference of 6m-10m. At the lowest part, masonry pitching of slope is used. 4. In case of weathered rocks, facing walls are used to prevent rocks from falling. See Figure 6-3. Table 6-13 Subgrade Protection Works Materials and amount Items Notes M7.5 slurry MI 0 mortar Gravel Excavation Seeds Geotextile schist (m3) surfacing (3) base (in3) (m) (kg) (MI2) Facing walls 326500.8 159.14 326500.8 Figure 6-2 Embankment 20350.08 8100 6084 Figure 6-2 w all __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ Subgrade 338158.4 850 339250 Figure 6-1 Protection slope Subgrade 12223.3 6111.65 Figure 6-1 protection toe Protection 4853.63 17.28 4320 ditto bank T-type dam 177 17.4 192 ditto Mesh 195578 7012.7 172134 5543 Ditto protection slope Short wall 47264 1924.32 1705 ditto Total 902567.61 2950.74 7030.1 858313.45 5543 6084 (3) Slope protection at sections with poor geology At 319-K322, K324-K325 the highway is of rock cutting. The slope is expected to protect with short walls. See Figure 6-3. M7.5 mortar schist and MIO slurry facing will be used with a discharge outlet every lOm. 2. Drainage works of subgrade and pavement According to the feasibility study report, the whole alignment is provided with drainage ditches, side ditches, chutes and retarding walls. See Figure 6-4. The total amount of drainage works is 206134 m3. See Table 6-14. Table 6-14 Subgrade Drainage Work Amount unit: m3 No Stations Works Materials Amount Notes I K273+720-K342+000 Side ditches Slurry schist 84972.0 2 K273+720-K342+000 Drainage ditches Slurry schist 95352.0 3 K342+000-K365+000 Chute of fill H=4.5m Slurry schist 25870.0 4 K342+000-K365+000 Catchment 5I concrete 3120 5 K365+000-K380+000 Side ditches Slurry schist 17520 Total 206134 3120 56 __________________ _ _ _Retaining wall _ subgrade protection toe i \ *AO;*AtMjlUMX 2cm j, 14^gg4¢~>35' 0z\ t m7.5 slurry schist } ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _ I. ' . 3 -1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~- Subgrade slope protection Masonry pitching of bank C OVICk 2cm Notes: __\_7_a I l 1.Measurement unit in this figure Is cm. i OKO t¢3tb 2Gm r.I \ 2. For slope protection and masonry e Q 77/zA/> 9 [ \ z/> ZiK / > w pitching of bank, an expanded Joint is left every 10 cm with a width of 2 cm, and is filled with hemp fiber of l0cm. Be$Mit 10ca3M 3. When masonry pitching of bank and mesh slope protection are Integrated, joint should receive attontion. 4. Value of M is in keepingi with slope Figure 6-1 Sketch Map of Fill Subgrade Protection Engineering Design (1) 4 d V alue of H In average slope grade; value of H Is average altitude. Slurry schist and meshi H T-type dam plane grassplantation X.- --L plane for slope protection-- 00 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~_ c t Surrysbstone cm,I?ots ~~~~~~~~~~ 11~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 n kBf'*1 lo¢ I X 1. Measurement unit in this figure is cm. ! e < ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2. Schist should be placed vertically with a depth of 20-25cm buried whon used as framework 0- 0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~in mesh slope protection; 5cm exposed; width of frame 30cm; width of reinforcement trip 50cm. 3. 7.5 cement slurry schist Is used for T-type dam wcth exposed parts filled up with cement slurry. b ' S y s a mes s Figurep6-1 Sketch Map ofFillSubgradeProtectionEngincering Design(2) cross-sectionni6 oisope ptrotcio Leading wind direction Semi-buried straw sn uare sand barriers pls Semni-buriced straw sq uare sand barriers plus plant pro ection strips leveled strilp subgrade leveled strip¶ plant protection strips >150m I>30m | genieral protection >30m >lOOin 3 Prefabricated concrete framework 3 Notes: lI Masureme,lnt i.liz in (his figui-cis clll.3 4,0 0O,tOi horizontal gravel or pebble 2. Nledian dividcr should be kept in the sainc level orpavemcnt tlo prevenlt sauid froni depositing, and 7cn thick concrete plate placed. 3 S | | 6 kglradeAlfstsiftnsandsLlr 3. Iairt shuIldier reinfourced vitl 7cm thick conicrele. lhorizontal line Figure 6-2 Sketch Map of Layout of Subgrdae Protection for Sections Subject to Wind and Sand Longitudinal cross-section of short walls Multi-stage facing walls debris avalanche platform hat rock j ; ... _ . W .. .._ . _._ j j- -- - - - . Sinle-tag facing walls _ .__ I co ,, \3- W t e of sh - |t 2 ri | discharge hole /|Z debris avalapncZlatformi ever m (one stg Single-stage facing walls ,--F r Seo I S ga Po ti -C, ~~~~~~/1 ;! c hat rock ,-. / ~~~~~~~~~- I 9 5. ^,. 1- T i} ~~~~~debris avalanche platform /I / : ° 10#*Si1>2jXaijs2cm \i A t5 / t |I X d - -4R z:StU Aning,Rohtt' ~ ( 3i wee lOvlC Shaa'ixe P roing 041~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fi'g. I-I Sketcli M'aki of Highiway Networks iii the Study AreasBijg ShanI xi Province 4& Environmental Impact Statement for Laoycmiao-Jining Highway 7. 3 Analysis on Economical Benefits in Areas along the Alignment 7.3.1 Analysis on the Economic Benefits during Construction Phase 1. Employment benefits According to the feasibility study report, during construction period 6,246,300 person years of employment will be in need. See Table 7-3. The estimated labor income will arrive at about 89,247,140 yuan. 80% of the labor will be from the locality. 2. Benefits from local materials The main building materials for the project are listed in Table 8-3. There will be about 166,732,540 yuan of financial benefit resulting from selling local materials including stones, sand, gravel, cement and lime. 3. Benefit from earth supply According to the study report, 540,460 m3 of earth/stone are needed for the project. See Table 7-1. This is a substantial financial income by selling the materials. 4. Benefits from material transport The haulage can increase local revenue. 5. Benefits from supplies The supplies for the construction laborers will come from locally, thus increasing the economic income of individuals or collectives. Table 7-3 Labor, Materials and Supplies No. Items Unit Amount Local Local income Notes supply (10000 yuan) I labor Labor 6246300 80% 8924.714 80% from local labor day 2 Sand and gravel m3 943100 100% 2904.766 Purchasing locally 3 schist m 3 757200 100% 3200.673 Purchasing locally 4 Broken stone 3 354600 100% 3213.73 Purchasing locally 5 Log m3 1752 100% 193.053 Purchasing in the area 6 Timber m 3 4916 100% 653.001 Purchasing in the area 7 Steel t 4916 Partially Purchasing 8 Cement t 156139 100% 5446.4 Purchasing locally 9 Asphalt t 23155 Purchasing from outside 10 Lime t 112402 100% 1061.631 Purchasing locally 7.3.2 Economic Benefits during Operation Phase 1. Providing Employment Road cleaners and staff for service centers, toll stations will be retained locally, thus increasing employment chances. 2. Speeding up circulation of commodities The areas that the alignment passes through usually are economic developed zones. Under the planning of the local governments, various industries will be run by individuals or state to promote business and trade. 7.4 Cultural Relics Based on the survey report on cultural relics along the proposed alignment areas (Annex V), 67 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway which was conducted by Inner Mongolia Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology in August 2001, there are no important cultural relics and cemeteries along the alignment. So, the construction of the proposed highway will not involve issues of damage to the relics 7. 5 Effects on Tourism Scenic attractions and historic sites 400 km within the proposed highway are: Tomb of Yuan Emperor Genghis Khan (200 km from Hohhot), Tomb of Princess Zhaojun (20 km from Hohhot), Yungang Rock Graves (100 km from Jining), Great Wall Badaling (300 km from Jining), urban areas of Beijing (300 km from Jining). For their locations, see Figure 7-2. The construction of the highway will improve the traffic to these locations to a great extent. 7. 6 Safety 7.6.1. Impacts during construction phase It has impacts on the construction workers and the masses. As to the construction workers, they are likely to be injured in bridge construction. In inviting tenderers in construction bridges and big cut sections in heaving rolling areas, the tenderers will be strictly selected. Only the qualified in all aspects can undertake the construction. Strict regulations will be followed to ensure the safety of the workers, and it will be written in the contract. Wardens will posted at crossing, school sections and residential area to ensure that they are safe. The working time must be in schedule at some blasting sections. At blasting, no vehicles and pedestrians are allowed to cross. The neighboring villages can be subsided for their temporarily leaving at blasting. No crossing of pedestrians is allowed when building up bridges. 7.6.2. Impact during operation phase The existing Laoyemiao-Jining Highway is one section of National Road 110 in Inner Mongolia. The road class is low with steep grade. It has been streetlized at many sections leading to frequent traffic accidents. On completion of the road, however, the traffic accidents will decrease to a grade degree because of better road conditions and detour of the densely peopled towns and villages. Hence the financial losses will decrease accordingly. In 10.3, we have analyzed the risk of hazardous materials spill. It is predicted that the accident rate of hazardous materials spill (oil, fertilizer and pesticide) on the whole alignment is 0.773 times per year (2005) being of small probability 7.7 Impacts on Social Environment and Mitigation Measures 7.7.1 Impacts of Land Acquisition on Farming and Mitigation Measures 1. Impacts of Land Acquisition According to the feasibility study report, 7,491.28 mu of land will be acquired. Classes and amount of land are listed in Table 2-6. It involves 1,329.38 mu of dry land (17.7%), 2,465.56 mu of irrigated land (32.9%). The potential impact of land occupation on farming is in Table 7-4 from which we can see that acquisition of land will not have notable effects on farming. 68 Figure 7-2 Majop Histopic and Cultural Relics in the Impact Apeas of the Ppoposed Highway . , = *A *mJDg, hi tl- Tet I 1 k *- -t()f110) ; S l,>v!81Dingl ,.- ie | 6i-~ SBeijings 1 ,h-- ,h, r S ~~~~~'1 I * :g ,,1Ts, s fi ,[f;H ~~~~~~~~~~~ Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway Table 7-4 Estimated Impacts of Land Acquisition on Farming Before acquisition After acquisition Locations Farmland per Mean yield of Acquired land Land reduced per Grain reduced farmer grain per mu (mu) farmer per farmer mu (kg/mu) mu kg Xinghe 9.15 130 1676.2 0.042 2.75 Qiangi 6.93 130 2677.1 0.055 3.53 We know from Table 7-4 that the land occupation will not have notable impacts on the general economy in the study area, but it will have some slight effects on the villages involved because 655,930 kg of grains will be lost due to land requisition in these villages ( 0.04% of the total and 2.75-3.53 kg per person). 2. Mitigation Measures of land acquisition (1) Engineering measures To protect farmland, the following measures will be/ have been taken: © The alignment will avoid farmland of high yield where possible. The alignment will use 49.3% of non-farmland, 50.7% of arable land including 32.9 % of paddy field and 17.7% of low- yield land. ©)"Shrinkage slope" will be adopted at sections of high-producing land like Sanhaodi to reduce land use for subgrade. (®DThe land planed for facilities such as service area, parking lots will be chosen to use dry land or wasteland as possible. (2) Management measures Because the alignment lies in a corridor, about 0.05 mu of land will be lost per person. The farmers who lose land will be reallocated with appropriate amount of farmland. (3) Compensation for land lost (D Compensation will be done in compliance with the local policy and regulations to develop economy and improve living standards. ® Compensation fund will be granted to the farmers whose land is acquired. ( The farmers whose land is acquired the most will enjoy priority in labor employment. 3. Mitigation measures of permanent land use The following measures will be taken: (I) No paddy land or forestland will be used for storage sites or mixing sites. (2) Topsoil will be stored for rehabilitation after construction phase. (3) Used fallow land and wasteland will be cleared up and made loose for restoration of vegetation to prevent soil erosion. 7.7.2 Mitigation Measures for Resettlement Impacts The designers have made some field reconnaissance to adjust the alignment. As a result, the alignment has already avoided the urban areas of Jining and Xinghe Town sites and other towns and villages. An area of 3315 m2 (about 166 rooms) is expected to be demolished. See Table 7-5. Due to the backward economy, the housing is in very bad conditions. See Figure 7-3 for detail. Most the residents have strong wish to resettle although most of them have their own shelters. However, demolition of housing and resettlement do have some adverse impacts. So the following measures will be taken to reduce the impacts to a minimum. 70 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway Table 7-5 Demolition and Resettlement Sections Brick Adobe Fence Concrete Half-brick Graves Notes house (mi) house(m) (m) house(mt) house(m2) (place) Laoyemiao Room= 20 m2 -Jining 1222- 1362 2926 731 119 Figure 7-3 Existing Condition for Typical Removed Housing 1. Compensation for demolition and resettlement The local policy regarding houising demolition and resettlement will be carried out strictly and the compensation funding will be granted to those themselves whose houses are demolished without using for other puirposes. 2. Resettlement management (I) Resettlement will be conducted under the management of the l ocal governments in such a way to occupy as less farmnland as possible. The new houses will be built in the areas where the noise levels at night are less than 50 dB. (2) Resettlement should be implemented prior to commencement of the proj'ect itself The new houses will be improved to some extent compared to the current ones. Support will be given to those who have difficulties in building new houses. (3) As minority nationalities are concerned in resettlement their customs and religion should be respected. 7.7.3 Mitigation Measures against Traffic Disruption The width of the proposed highway is 27.5 m.~ It is a fully enclosed expressway. With a view to providin the local people with convenient traffic, initersection works and enou-gh transverse passageways have been designed. See Table 7-6. Eight passageways are provided per 10 km on the average. 'The F'igure is less than the atveraige level of China due to the population density of this region along the proposed highway was less than the average of other Chinese region and much less than thadt of the de-vclopcd areas of' China. TIhe distribution of the passageways varies in terms of the population density along the proposed road (see Figure 7-4). Four passageways have been added in the project according to public consultation and survey. Finally, the, number of the passageways has heen increased from 74 to 78. 71 Fig. 7-4 Distribution of Underpasses for Laoyemiao-jining Highway |Destination ofthe route K365+a00 Origin of the route K273+720 1/.. Environmental Impact Statemcnt for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway Table 7-6 Intersection Works and Bridges Items Unit Number Notes Interchanges place 2 1. Most passageways are at Grade separations place 9 areas densely peopled 78 passagewavs are provided Passageways 78(serve as both sidewalks about 8 per 10 km and driving roads 27.5m Large bndges 8 179 culverts. about 2 per km Middle-sized and small bridges 26 Culverts 145 7.7.4 Mitigation Measures of Impacts on Water Conservancy Facilities The proposed alignment passes through Bawang River, Niuning River and lots of gullies. The construction of the highway will cause disturbances to the rvers and channels along the road. Therefore, mitigation measures will be taken in design of the project. 1. Engineering measures To ensure smooth flow of irrigation channels as well runoff, enough culverts have been designed. See Sections 2,4,3. There are 2.01 culverts per km which are sufficient for the area where the annual rainfall is less than 400 mm. 2. Measures during construction phase (1) To protect irrigation channels and prevent soil erosion, the construction/reconstruction work of irrigation chanmels should be done in dry and slack seasons. (2) Small and culverts should be built in dry seasons. (3) Mud and sand coming from construction of large and middle-sized bridges are not allowed to dump into river courses, floodplains or banks of channels. (4)When construction access roads cause disturbances to irrigation channels, temporary bridges and culverts will be built to guarantee smooth runoff. 7.7.5 Mitigation Measures of Impacts on Local Roads The following measures will be taken during the construction phase to alleviate impacts on local roads: Prior to commencement of the construction, the local roads used for transport of building materials will be improved or new construction access roads be built. 1. The local roads damaged in transporting materials should be repaired as properly after the construction or compensated for the damage in terns of money. 2. New access roads will be built to connect existing roads in case of partial disruption. 3. Transport vehicles should avoid peak hours of the local roads to reduce noise, air pollution and traffic accidents. 7.7.6 Mitigation Measures of Impacts on Safety 1. To reduce traffic accidents, the materials transport vehicles will avoid rush hours. 2. At each bit section a flag person for safety will be posted. At night signal lights should be installed. No villagers, pedestrians or animals allowed enter construction sites 7.8 Impacts of Borrow Sites, Materials Transport and Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase 7.8.1 Impacts of Borrow Site and Mitigative Measures 72 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway I .Quarries The study area is rich in stones in hilly locations. See Table 2-7. Producing stones is one of the local financial resources. 2. Sites for sand and gravel There are 13 sites for sand and gravel distributed on the floodplaims or hilly locations. See Figure 2-4. Excavation of sand in a controllable way is good for discharge of floods. 3. Borrow sites As Table 6-2 shows there are 16 borrow sites. The impacts resulting from borrow sites are presented in Chapters 5 and 6. 7.8.2 Impacts of Materials Transport on Environment and Mitigation Measures 1. Major transport roads As Table 7-3 demonstrates the materials like timber, steel and cement are purchased locally and hauled through the mountainous roads or the existing Laoyemiao to Jining Highway. Asphalt comes from Hohhot and Jining through the existing Laoyemiao to Jining Highway. Sand, gravel, and stones are hauled through local roads or access roads. 2. Impacts of materials transport on environment (I) Prediction of traffic volume The traffic volume of the materials transport vehicles is estimated to be 1,722,600 including 1,389,200 through local roads for sand and gravel and 336,700 through the existing Laoyemiao to Jining Highway. It is calculated on the basis that the construction period lasts for 4 years and about 2 years of busy haulage of materials and 300 days of working and 10 hours a day. Then the traffic volume of short distances a day is 219.69. Supposing that there are 7 bit sections, the volume of each section is estimated to be 34.7. The traffic volume for timber, and asphalt through the existing highway is expected to be 28.6 per hour. (2) Impacts on environment (DNoise: Materials haulage during construction period will not have notable impacts on environment due to the fact that there less traffic. (M) Air pollution: Chapter 8 shows that the vehicular exhaust gases will not have obvious impacts on ambient air quality. However, the fugitive dust resulting from traffic will have impacts on sensitive locations nearby. 3. Mitigation measures They are mentioned in Section 7.4 of Chapter 7. 7. 9 Summary 1. The construction of Laoyemiao to Jining highway is necessary for implementation of the national highway networks and skeleton configuration of Inner Mongolian highway networks. It is an important act in transferring economy development to the West of the country. It is also an important move to improving the infrastructure in Inner Mongolia. 2. The construction of the highway has advantageous financial benefits. 3. The construction of the project has very good socio-economic benefits playing an important role in the general development planning in Inner Mongolia. It is also a "poverty- assistance project" in western-central part of Inner Mongolia. 4. The projected highway will have remarkable economical benefits in the involved areas during operation phase promoting various industries like business, trade, agriculture and 73 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway husbandry. 5. The transport and traffic facilities will be greatly improved for the public and it will also encourage tourism in Westem-central Inner Mongolia, Beijing and Shanxi Province.. 6. 3794.94 mu of farmland will be acquired accounting for 50.7% of the total including 32.9 % of paddy land and 17.7 % of low-producing dry land. The alignment layout of the route is rational by detouring towns and major villages. Compensation for the lost fields and houses will be conducted in view of not to reducing the living standards of the presidents. 7. Sufficient measures to protect irrigation facilities, surface water regime and local highway networks will be taken. The convenient traffic for the public and production of agriculture and husbandry will also be provided. 8. The impacts on the living environment during both construction and operation phases will be minimized with engineering measwes, economic compensation and management. Based on the analysis of impacts on social environment, we can conclude that the construction of the project will play a very substantial role in promoting the local economy growth. It is also a project to help the poorest areas to get rid of poverty in compliance with the policy of the country at present. The positive (advantageous) impacts of the project are more than the adverse (negative). It can be concluded that the project is feasible from the viewpoint of economy and environmental protection. 74 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 8 PREDICTIONANDASSESSMENTOFIMPACTS ON AMBIENT AIR AND MITIGA TION MEASURES 8.1 Meteorological Scenarios 8.1.1 Climate See 3.1.3 8.1.2 Wind 1. wind Direction January, April, July and October represent winter, spring, summer and fall, respectively. Wind roses in 1989-1998 of Xinghe and Jining are shown in Fig. 8-1. It can be seen that the frequency of calm wind along the road is lower. The percentages of calm weather of Xinghe and Jining are 24% and 19%, respectively. The dominant wind direction of the area along the road is west in fall, winter and spring, but south-east in summer. N N N 20 NE NNW 20T .NE N1lAW 5 Si sNE Ni! VS- / ,>NE WNU ENE UNWA <.AENE wi K -' I E UE---. - WSW ESE WSW I % ESE SS I SSE 9 SS 1 SSE S S Winter (Jan. ) Calm= 19 % Spring (Apr.) C= 15% NNW 20 NNE NNWd20T : XWN 85 / eNE /Rs 15 ,- 1 xNE WNW A g w ENE WNW D A ENE sSU <6SE VU E WSWr SE Es .SE ss SSt 1 NiSE SSWt -~~~~~SSE S S Summer ( Jul. ) C-l 9% Autumn (Oct.) C=24% Fig. 8-la Wind rose at Xinghe 75 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway NW~~~~~~~~~~~~ N NW WNW ENE RJ, ENE w E U E WS ESE E5+ SE SS1 XSESE 55 W I SSE S s S Winter ( Jan. ) Calm=29 %/ Spring ( Apr.) C=17% N s 15 NE NNW 15 rNE Ni o0 - ?,aE NYvc o0 l WNW EN!E WNW ENE Ul > t 1t Z ~ U IE IVSW ESE US ES WSW ESE S ESE SSh SSE 55!" SSE S S Sumrnmer ( Jul. )C=26%/, AUtumn (Oct.) C28°h Fig. 8-lb Wind rose at Jining N NNW 15j NE NN I15 NE N . NE NW NE W hN ENE EN! U E W E SW SE SwS ESE SSli . SE SSW SSE S S Jining C=24% Xinghe C=19% Fig. 8-lc Average wind rose of Xinghe and Jining 76 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 2. Wind Speed The average wind speed of the stations (1989-1998) is shown in Fig.8-2. Annual average speeds at Xinghe and Jining are 3.4 and 3.6 m/sec, respectively. It can be seen from Fig. 8-2 that wind speed, along the road, is lower in July, Augster and September, but they are higher in April and May. 4 z62v \ 1@2ilq3iie 2 a- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 MIonth Fig.8-2 Wind speeds of the area along the proposed road 8.1.3 Atmospheric Stability Based on the meteorological data from the weather stations of Xinghe and Jining, we calculated the frequency of occurrence of the stability classes along the route. See Fig 8-3. It shows that the highest frequency (47.5-61.4%) is the neutral climate (stability of D class) with the stable weather (E-F classes) taking the second place (20.1-33.0%), and with slightly unstable and unstable conditions (C and A-B) being least (2.2-15.92% and 3.4-16.5%) 70 60 | o Z E in"be! L 50 40 30 4 20 10 0 - A-B C D E-F Stability ciasses Fig.8-3 Relative Frequency of occurrence of atmospheric stability classes 77 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 8.2 Assessment of lmpacts on Ambient Air during Operation Phase 8.2.1 Prediction Model It will be predicted by using Gaussian line source diffusion model. C = Q' jfdl (8-l) Uh where: C-Pollutant concentrations (mg/rn3); Q1-Emission strength of highway linear source (mg/m.s); L-Length of linear source (m); dl-Increment of line length (m); Uh-Average wind velocity at the emission location (m/s); f-Function of atmospheric diffusion. In rectangular coordinates, the analytic function of atmospheric diffusion is f = 1 exp(- Y 2)Jexp(-(Z2 (8-2) 27r65,6, 2.52 Y26~)+e 682 where: y 6. -Diffusion standard deviations of flume concentration distribution in horizontal and vertical wind directions (m); h- Effective height of vehicular exhaust emission (m). Daily average concentrations: J K Al C (xI y,O) = E E E Cjk (x, Y'0)Pjkm + Ch (8-3) j=I k=1 m=l tJ K M LYPikm =1 j-1 k=1 m=l where: C-Average daily concentrations(mg/m'); Cj,,,,- when the wind velocity is j, wind direction is k, atmospheric stability is m, the concentrations are calculated by using Model (8-1); C - Background levels (mg/m3'); Pik,- Frequency of occurrence of wind direction, velocity and atmospheric stability (j, k, m ) in the course of a day. 8.2.2 Parameters in Prediction Models 1. Emission sources strength of vehicle fleets (I) Formula for linear source strength 4 3600 L2, (v)K, Ai (8-3) where: Q,-Total emission of j kinds of pollutants in unit time and unit length of the linear source 78 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway (mg/s.m); A,- Design traffic volume of i kind vehicle (v/s); K..- Emission factors of single vehicle ,expressing pollutants of j kind by i type of vehicle per kilometer (mg/m.veh); A. (v) -coefficient of vehicle speeds i kind vehicle; n- Number of vehicle types on road. (2) Emission strength of vehicular pollutants According to the predicted traffic volume in the project feasibility study report, the pollutant emission strength in the years of 2005, 2010,2015,2020 and 2025 is shown in Table 8-1. Table 8-1 Emission strength of vehicular pollutants unit: mg/m.sec Section Pollutants 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 Laoyemiao-Xinghe CO 1.47 2.24 3.29 4.93 7.05 K273+720-K299+000 NO, 0.50 0.76 1.12 1.68 2.40 Xinghe-Jining CO 1.40 2.13 3.12 4.59 6.69 K296+000-K364+992 NO, 0.53 0.80 1.18 1.73 2.52 2. Diffusion parameters The diffusion parameters is: a y= (iya2 +YO2 )0.5 a := (n .,2 + a co2 )n.s (8-4) where: c ya-Diffusion parameters of crosswise wind direction in turbulence; ai 2-Diffusion parameters of vertical wind direction in turbulence; a (0-Initial diffusion parameters of crosswise wind direction; 6 z0-Initial diffusion parameters of vertical wind direction 3. Wind velocity Uh in line source model is: Uh=max {u, u,} u= ,.85u0'6'cos2 0 (8-5) where: Uh is environmental wind velocity (mls); Ue is the wind velocity resulted by the running vehicles; 0 is the angle between road and wind(' ) 8. 2. 3 Concentration Prediction of CO and NO, On the basis of the traffic volume, landform and weather conditions, the average daily concentrations of CO and NO2 in 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2025 is predicted at Gaomiaozi and Beiyintala cross sections. The background concentration values for superposition are 5-day average. Fig. 8-4 and Fig.8-5 show the daily average concentrations of CO and NO2 at different sections under typical weather conditions in different predicting years, respectively. In addition, concentrations of CO and NO2 at air sensitive spots during operation period are listed in Table 8-2. 79 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway di Ct) 40~~~20w0 2OZ5 2.~~~ Copto24h vraecn. fC (0'* G3omiaoci t Ke 9 1 1 50 ' 3 IV|0 9 'Me 10')I tO 40 320 tOO go 00 40 20 10 30 03 70 0 ' )3 3 1 S t 10 a 1 0 :30 Il 9 0 50 30 10 Z3 40 $0 00 333) 120 340 ke 1 200 Distance from two sides of highway,m Fig. 8-4a Daily average concentrations of CO at Gaomiaozi (k2814-450) C Computed 24 hr average conc. of CO Bayinrala I K345*850. o.1.. ./0#m 202 I'0 0 -- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .a - j"j'!0 | ~~~~~~~Distance from two sides of highway rn Fig. 8-4b Daily average concentrations of CO at baiyintela (k345+850) Computed 24 hr average conc. of NOx Gaomiaozi (281 +450) ) OS - C -- 2010 1 2025 E Li s - -,1 06 O '"D AR ."1 S I 5 A 4u 7') 0 80S CO ;n 2O io) to 00 : nle)I t i I r2 l 1' . 10 40 70 912 1 30 I' , 101 I 50 g o 0 lI. I. r . Distance from two sides of highway,rn Fig. 8-5a Daily average concentrations of NO2 at Caomiiao (k281+450) 80 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway Computed 24 hr average conc. of NOx Bavintala (K345+850) 0) 0.0581 r -- 1 200 _5 2- E I la ilR 2D10 _ :M5 o6 - -. !S L0.031 E 0.(j3 11|_ _ 0 00c,,11L ooi: A 1: li :. 1r ,,1 I2~ 'P so e 40 .0 io r n .1 : 1.". 1i .5.2 1 0 1S us, 1'. I-J 73r 11 90 .) Y 1 0 27 a' S SlO I'S, 1: l :.52 150 20u Distance from two sides of highway.m Fig. 8-5b Daily average concentrations of NO2 at baiyintela (k345+850) 1. We can see from Fig.8-4 and Table 8-2 that the average daily concentrations of CO at two cross sections (or four sensitive spots ) do not exceed national ambient air quality standard GB 3095-96 (4.00 mg/m3). 2. According to Fig. 8-5 and Table 8-2, the average daily concentrations of NO2 do not exceed the class 11 standards of GB3095-96( 0.10mglm3). Therefore, we can come to the conclusion that in the operation phase, the proposed highway will not affect the air quality along the line. Table 8-2 Concentrations of CO and NO2 at Sensitive Spots during Operation Phase Orde Spots Year Pollutants Daily aver. Conc. (mg/m3) Ifexceeds Criteria r standard 1 Gaomiaozi 200.5 CO 1. 52-1. 53 no Village 2015 1.52-1. 56 no 2025 1. 52-1.62 no 2005 NO, 0.011-0.022 no 2015 0.011-0.035 no 2025 0.011-0.056 no 2 Bashixian 2005 CO 1.52-1.57 no Class II g Village 2015 1.52-1.61 no standards 2025 1. 52-1.73 no of 201)5 NO2 0. 011-0. 031 no National 2015 0 011-0.056 no Ambient 2025 0.011-0.064 no Air 3 Dajing 2005 CO 1.23-1.26 no Village 2015 1.23-1.29 no 2025 1. 23-1. 38 no 2005 NO, 0. 009-0. 027 no 2015 0. 009-0. 051 no 2025 0.009-0.060 no 4 Bayintala 2005 CO 1.23-1. 24 no Township 2015 1.23-1.26 no 2025 1.23-1.33 no 2005 N02 0.009-0.018 no 2015 0. 009-0. 028 no 2025 0. 009-0.053 no 81 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 8.3 Environmental ImpactAnalysis of Construction Dust Dust coming from earth and lime mixing sites and machinery contributes to air pollution during construction. It pollutes the air to a great extent. Monitoring of TSP shows that at 50 m from the earth and lime mixing sites, the TSP are as high as 1.00 mg/in3; at 100 m apart from earth and mixing stations near storage sites the TSP are 1.65 mg/m3; at 150m they are 1.00 mg/m3. TSP is resulted mainly from the secondary dust of transport vehicles. To prevent dust, water will be sprayed. 8. 4 Air Pollution Mitigation Measures 1. The material storage sites and earth and limestone mixing sites will be located in open areas 200 m from residential areas or schools. Construction material storage sites, assess roads and road section near village or schools will be sprayed with water regularly. 2. Fugitive dust control measures The construction sites and major hauling roads will be sprayed regularly (two times a day, in the morning and afternoon) to prevent dust. 3. Asphalt fume control measures Asphalt mixing sites will selected properly and will located at least 500 m from residential areas on the down wind direction of the wind directions. Besides, in the asphalt cooking process, open or semi-enclosure techniques will be allowed absolutely. To sum up, due to larger wind speed along the road, the construction of Laoyemiao- Jining Highway has not some obvious impacts on the ambient air quality, from the viewpoint of environmental air protection, the construction of the highway feasible. 82 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 9 PREDICTION OFIMPACTS ON WATERAHD MITIGATION MEASURES The alignment cuts theYmzi river, Niuming river, Toudao river and Bawang river vertically. The Bawang River is recommended as water resources to be protected by WWF. The Bawang river, Niuming river and Toudao river flow into the Huangqi Lake, which is recognized as an important source of water for surrounded areas by IUCN. Four rivers are identified as environmentally sensitive spots. The major potential contributors to water environment are the cumulated pollutants on bridge surfaces. These pollutants flow with rainwater causing pollution to rivers. Besides, the sewage from administrative sections and service centers and wastewater containing oil also contributes to water pollution. However, during construction phase, pollutants of water are mainly from domestic sewage from construction campus. 9.1 Prediction of Impacts on Water during Operation Phase and Mitigation Measures 9.1.1 Prediction of Pollution of Bridge Surface Runoff Considering the features and water functions of rivers (Section 3.1.4), the Yinzi River and the Bawang River are chosen as basis to predict potential pollution of bridge surface runoff downstream. 1. Bridge surface runoff pollution sources (I) Pollutant concentrations of bridge surface rainstorm Obtained from monitoring results and available data, the concentrations are identified as in Table 9-1. Table 9-1 Contaminant Concentration of Runoff on Bridge Pavement Contaminants I pH CODm Oil(mng/l) IAverage value of water stream in 120 minutes 1 7.4 107 7.0 (2) Runoff of bridge surface rainstorm The mean annual precipitation in the study area is 365-404 mm with a maximum daily rainfall of 78 mm. Based on the route alignment, topographical features and relevant locations to the rivers, the runoff is determined as in Table 9-2 Table 9-2 Length of Highway Impacting Surface Water and Surface Runoff Items The Yinzi River The Bawang River Length of bridge receiving rainstorn (rn) 300 400 Width of bridge receiving rainstorm (m) 27.5 27.5 Area of receiving (m2) 8250 11000 Rainfall (mn/d) 78 78 Runoff coefficient 0.9 0.9 Runoff (m3/h) 24.13 32.18 2. Pollution prediction of road pavement runoff Pollution concentration of surface initial rainstorm is predicted with a complete hybrid model: 83 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway C QCiC + Q0C0 (9-1) Q, + Q0 where: C-concentrations of pollutants at predicted cross sections downstream, mg/I; Q1-upstream flow, m31s; Q0-waste discharge rate, m3/s; Cl-upstream concentrations, mg/I; CO-concentrations in waste discharge from pavement runoff, mg/O The calculated results are listed in Table 9-3. Table 9-3 Prediction of Impacts of Surface Initial Rainstorm on Water Quality Unit: mg/L Pollutants COD%, Oil Riveri Upstreatn conc. 1.84 0.025 Ymzi River Predicted conc. 1.98 0.040 Increment 0.14 0.015 Upstrearn conc. 5.23 0.025 Bawang River Predicted conc. 5.38 0.038 Increment 0.15 0.013 Note: COD.,: COD%A. is calculated using 1: 0.6; the flow of the Yinzi River is 3 m3is; the flow of the Bawang River is 5 m3/s; From the calculated results we know that during the operation of the highway, the bridge surface rainstorm has less impacts on water quality, and the effects cease as the rainstorm cease. 9.1.2 Impacts of Sewage from Service Centers According to the feasibility study report, there are two service centers which locate at Xinghe and Jining Section, respectively. For the locations and land use, refer to Table 9-4. The pollution source intensity is estimated as below: Table 9-4 Location and Scale of the Service Center No. Names Stations Area (iM2) Notes YXinghe Center K309+ 170-K309+430 20010X2 Symmetrically on either side 2 Jining Center K354+200-K354+500 26680X2 Symmetrically on either side 1. Assuming that a service building containing shopping centers, restaurants and hotels are built, it will be staffed with 35 management staff and 25 other service workers at parking lots, garages and filling stations. Another 300 passengers and drivers will stay for rest or for the nigh. Provided that each person consumes 1 50L of water, then the mean daily sewage will be 540 m3. Given that COD concentrations is 500 mg/I, BOD5concentrations is 220 mg/l and oil concentrations is 100 mg/I, then the pollution source strength is: COD=27 kg/d, BOD,=l 1.88 kg/d, oil=5.4 kg/d. 2. According to the traffic volume in the mid-term of operation (2010), 360 vehicles need washing (2% of the total), the car-washing wastewater will be 43.2 m3/d, then the pollution source strength will be: COD-8.64 kg/d; BOD5=l .94 kg/d, oil=1.30 kg/d. 3. The pollution source strength of filling stations and garages will be COD=0 kg/d, BOD5=2.5 kg/d, oil=2.0 kg/d, if they are cleaned with water once a day. Therefore, the water pollution source intensity from service center is: COD=45.64 kg/d, BOD5=16.32 kg/d, oil=8.7 kg/d. 84 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway For this reason, the sewage from service centers can not be discharged until treated appropriately It is suggested that a comprehensive sewage treatment device be installed to dispose of domestic sewage and wastewater containing oil in keeping with 3 class of " Integrated Discharge Standard for Sewage" GB8978-1996, which is requested by EPE of Inmer Mongolia. See Appendix 2. After treated. It can be used for irigation. 9.2 Prediction of Water Pollution and Mitigation during Construction The potential impacts of bridge construction on water quality of rivers will be reflected in the following aspects: I. Turbid waters resulting from bndge construction may affect water quality in rivers. 2. Oil leaked from bridge construction machinery may come into rivers causing water pollution. 3. Construction materials like bitumen, oil and chemicals may be washed away into rivers leading to pollution. 4. The domestic sewage of the construction workers and garbage may be discharged into rivers contributing to pollution without proper management. To alleviate the four possible kinds of impacts on the water quality of rivers and the Huangqi Lake, the following mitigation measures are suggested: ( I )To stop bridge construction pollution, some up-to-date techniques may be adopted such as sinking drum methods and cofferdam method which are suitable for the particular conditions of these rivers in the study area. (2) Wastewater containing oil will not be allowed to discharge into rivers before treated in a proper way. (3) The storage sites of building materials of asphalt, oil and chemicals will be far away from river banks and muffled. (4) The sewage of construction campus ( about 20 m3 a day) which is one of the pollution source of water should be treated centrally. Feces, when composted, can be used as manure. With the above measures taken, the bridge construction will not bring about notable effects on water quality of the rivers. 9.3 RiskAnalysis ofAccidentSpills of Hazardous Materials It is unavoidable to transport hazardous goods on the highway when in operation. It is very important to avoid accidental spills of hazardous materials because Yinzi River through which the alignment passes and the upper part of Yongding River that passes though Hebei and Beijing. The risk of hazardous materials spills analyzed as below: The probability of traffic accidents of the vehicles hauling hazardous chemicals is computed using the following model: 5 p = JJQi = Q,xQ2xQ3 xQ5 xQ6 (9-2) i=l where: P -Probability of risk accidents occurs in the section along the water bodies in the predicted years Q, -Existing probability of severe accidents in the area along the proposed highway 85 Enviromnental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jinig Highway (time per million vehicles per kmn); Q2 -Predicted annual traffic volume (million vehicles/ a); Q3- Relative reduction rate of accident of expressway ( %); Q4 -Ratio of trucks to total traffic volume, ( % ); Q5 -Ratio of the trucks carrying hazardous chemicals to total truck volume ( %); Q6 -Length of road section along the river (km) The value of parameters in the model: Q, -With reference of the probability of the traffic accidents in Inner Mongolia Ql = 0.2 times/million vehicles/kIn); Q2 -According to the predicted traffic volume , the value in 2005 is 2.65 million vehicles /a, in 2010 it is 3.86 million vehicles /a, and in 2020, 7.75 million vehicles /a; Q3 -Based on the American Traffic Safety Report (1974), the accident rate of expressway is 75% of that of ordinary highway, Q3 =25%, Q4 -According to OD Survey of the feasibility study report, Q4 = 60%: Q5 -According to OD Survey of the feasibility study report, the ratio of vehicles hauling oil and fertilizer and pesticide make up 4.5% of the total number of trucks running on the road. Q6 -Depends on the length of the river crossed, Q6 =3.3km. The results of computation are in Table 9-5. Table 9-5 shows that the accident rate of vehicles carrying hazardous materials is relatively low. The accidents however, may happen. Therefore, preventive measures seem to be very important. Table 9-5 Risk of Hazardous Material Spill (time / a ) Year Probability of accidents at water sections Probability of accidents of the whole alignmct 2005 0.012 0.773 2010 0.017 _ 1.126 2020 0.035 1 2.261 2025 0.040 2.614 9. 4 EP Measures against Water Pollution 1. Cofferdam dams will use in construction to avoid turbid water flowing into Bawang river, Yinzi river Toudao river and Niuming River. Mud and waste materials of the construction activities will not be discharged into these rivers. Temporary settlement tanks will be dug. 86 Environmental Impact Statemeint for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 2. Wastewater of construction machinery, when cached, will be treated properly before charged into rivers. 3. Toxic materials like asphalt, oil and chemicals will be stored outside of river bed and muffled. - 4. Sewage of the construction campus will be treated centrally; feces will be used as manure after proper treatment. 5. The sewage of service centers will be treated by using septic tanks; car washing water will be recycled for reuse and will meet 3 class standards of "General Sewage Discharge Standards" GB8978-1996. See Figure 9-1. DomSstcc Figure 9-1 Flow Chart of Sewage Treatment 6. Domestic sewage at 2 service centers plus tolling stations will be treated by using septic tanks and after treated used as manure for fanming. Otherwise it can not be discharged into rivers. 7. Toll stations can also take responsibilities of traffic control to stop vehicles with spills and overload running on the road. 8. The administrative departments will be informed of vehicles hauling hazardous materials and they can not run on the road unless get permits. Such vehicles should be provided with obvious markings and can not stop wherever they want. 9. In case of accidental spill of hazardous materials, the relevant departnents will be immediately informed to take prompt actions based on the emergency plan. 87 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 10 ALTERNATIVES This chapter has been worked out through careful discussion with the designers. According to "Project Feasibility Study Report", there are three comparison schemes, e.g. Option I, II and III. For more details, see Fig.1 0-1. Scheme I and scheme II are the same route alignment except for the different width and different construction stage. The route alignments of the scheme I and scheme IIn also are near to each other. The environmental situations and topographical conditions along three aligmnents are quite the same. 10.1 Comparison between Build-Option and No-Build Option There is an existing highway between Laoyemiao to fining, namely National Road 110. However, the class of existing highway is two leading to frequent traffic accidents due to low technical standards, more heavy truck on the road and other unfavorable conditions. Meanwhile, the existing highway does not meet the need to implement the state's main framework of National Trunk Highway System (NTHS). With the increase of traffic volume in the future, low traffic capacity of the existing highway is not in conformity with the requirement for carrying out the State Strategy of Massive Development of the West. As to noise and vehicle exhausted gases (CO, NO2) in the operation phase, zero alternative would be worse than the proposal alternative. The advantages and disadvantages of the construction options and the zero option (not to be constructed) are listed in Table 10-1 that show the necessity of the construction of the road. Table 10-1 Comparison of Laoyemiao-Jining Highway to be or not to be Constructed factor to be constructed not to be constructed 1. safety improvement of road conditions with the existing road in low class, more heavy truck, higher safety some parts of roads changing into streets, leading to more traffic accidents 2. noise, air The new highway will attract most Big traffic volume on the existing road with slow taffic. Compared to the low noise and air speed and worse noise and air quality. The street- pollution on the existing road, the new like parts of road will lead to larger renovation road will meet the standards on air and works and expenses noise after some available measures to be taken. 3. living The completion of the highway will The closed poor areas are short of connection quality improve the connection with outer world. with some other places because of the difficult The easy transport of local products will transport of local products, which leads to slow enhance local economics and living development. conditions. 4. land The shortening of farmland can be The fund shortage in locals limit the exploitation occupation compensated for the locals to exploit the of local economics except the only single and first and the third industrials with the slow development of agriculture. great help of local resources. 10.2 Alignments of Alternative Schemes From the viewpoint of engineering, the advantages and disadvantages of each alternative schemes are analyzed. * Alternative scheme I Scheme I is to construct a new expressway near the existing Class 11 highway, and most of the existing Class H highway will be used as relief road. The total length in Scheme I is 91.28 km. Advantages: a. with great traffic capacity a. with good indicators of horizontal and longitudinal profiles, and b. with good construction conditions and topographical conditions. 88 -- I 1-11--- 1-1 I I -, ll ~f,HORIZONT W MIEIIL ALJGNT FOR LAQYiIO-JININ ETIION OF UONG6~-bfl~S NMTIGL TR1J?A MJEf~ -d~~~~~H~~a k AIcrrl½tfl-½ 1 Al- 3L~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~________- via0 U50 K-a) Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway Disadvantages: a high engineering cost. * Alternative scheme 11 Scheme 11 and Scheme I are quite the same in terms of location of the route, the route alignment, control points and standards, except that the construction periods of the two schemes are different. In Scheme I the full-width expressway will be completed at one time; in Scheme II the expressway will be constructed on the location and alignment, but by with width and by stage. Phase I of Scheme ll is to constructed a new expressway with one half -width , and the existing Class 11 highway will be used as another width. Phase 2 of Scheme II is to build another half -width expressway with the existing road as relief road. The total length of Scheme 11 is 91.28 km. Advantages: a. to use the existing highway to the maximum extent; and b. small input in Phase I of the Project, hence easing the contradiction of a great number of projects, large scale of projects and financial shortage for highway construction projection IMAR Disadvantages: a. after Phase I is finished the traffic capacity is still low; b. after Phase I is finished the mixed traffic on the existing highway cannot be solved yet; c. with higher total cost than Scheme l; * Alternative scheme III In Scheme III both sides of the existing highway will be expanded to built a Class I highway with four lanes. In this Scheme, the total length is 91.559 km. Advantages: a. with less acquired farmland and making full use of the existing highway; and b. with the low engineering cost. Disadvantages: a. with great difficulty to reform the structures; b. the indicators of the existing highway's alignment are low, some parts have 4 places with small radius, and have big longitudinal slopes ; the technical standards of part of the sections do not comply with the requirements for Class I highways. c. when rehabilitation is carried out the existing normal traffic will be affected; d. the low subgrade cannot be closed, and the mixed traffic cannot be solved with bad safety conditions; e. more residential houses and commercial spots will be removed; 10.3 Comparison of schemes These Schemes are compared in terms of elements of highway technology, social development, economy, and environment. 10.3.1 Comparison Elements of Highway Technology * Scheme III The comparisons of engineering elements for each scheme is shown in Table 10-2. It can be seen from Table 10-2 that for Scheme 111, since there exists great difficulty in rehabilitating the 90 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway existing highway, parts of which are not in conformity with the requirement for Class I highway standard, and parts of which pass through the urban areas with difficulty in making closure and being easy to be disturbed by mixed traffic. In addition, this Scheme has low traffic capacity and is difficult to be adaptable to the need of the perspective traffic volume. * Scheme II In Scheme It the project will be constructed by stages, with both the total cost and construction period to be increased and causing difficulty and management. * Scheme I Through the comprehensive analyses on the above factors, Scheme I is adaptable to the need for the perspective traffic, and the evaluation shows that this scheme can make the maximum contributions to the national economy and have good profitability capability. Therefore, this feasibility study selects Scheme I (i.e. to newly build a full-width expressway) as the Recommended Scheme. Table 10-1 Comparison of Schemes of Laoyemiao-Jinging Section Scheme II Name of Item Unit Scheme I Phase I Phase II Total Scheme III 1. Subgrade Works Earthwork IOOOm3 9092.3 6145.1 2947.2 9092.3 3706.5 Stonework IOOOm3 3234.5 2813.4 421.1 3234.5 804.8 Drainage protection I OOm3 5967.9 4337.6 21688 6506.4 2499.6 Special subgrade km 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 treatm ent I_______ 2. Pavement IOOOm2 2031.1 1031.7 1031.7 2063.4 1447.8 3. Bridge and Culvert Culvert nos. 152 152 150 152 128 Small bridge mi/no. 687.9/26 687.9/26 687.9/26 687.9/26 913/46 Medium bridge m/nos. 86.04/1 86.04/1 86.04/1 86.04/1 224.12/3 Large bridge m/nos. 1523.66/9 1523.66/9 1523.66/9 1523.66/9 891.24/6 4. Crossing nos. Interchange nos. 2 2 2 1 Grade crossing nos. 9 9 1 9 Underpass nos. 78 78 78 78 19 Pedestrian overpass nos. I I I Grade crossing nos. 11 Feeder road km 5.35 5.35 5.35 5. Land acquisition and relocation Land acquisition mu 8985.8 8985.8 8985.8 4118.1 Removal of buildings m2 3315 3315 3315 7230 Removal of power nos. 58 58 58 29 supply lines 6. Total estimated cost RMBYIO,ooo 177937.39 123494.76 73169.26 196664.02 94067.05 10.3.2 Comparison of Environmental Elements I Ecological Environment * Soil erosion Because the Scheme I and the Scheme II are the exactly same route alignment, and the scheme I and Scheme Ill are near to each other, the natural environment, topographical and earth work amount are basically the same. So we can conclude that there is no obvious difference between soil erosion amount caused by scheme I and that by scheme Ill. * Land Acquisition 91 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway Scheme I will occupy 8,985.8 mu of land. Scheme II1 will occupy 4118.1 mu of land. Impact of land use of scheme II1 is less than that of scheme 1. * Removed Buildings The demolition area of Scheme I is 3315 m2. The removed area of scheme III is 7230 m3. Removed area of scheme III is more than that scheme I. In addition, survey shows that another 13 houses will be removed by scheme III. 2. Noise Scheme I: In the year of 2025 in operation phase, the noise level in 3 villages will exceed the standard (at night); However, Scheme III: 6 villages will exceed the standard. So, from the angle of noise impact, Scheme I is superior to Scheme lII. 3. Water There is no great difference of impact on water because of the basically same traffic volume and the samne number of management and service centers. 4. Social development There is no great difference of impact on social development because of the basically same traffic volume and the same number of grade separations. 5. Ambient air There is no great difference of impacts on the air because of the same traffic volume and meteorological conditions. 6. Safety Scheme I is superior to scheme III for the following reason: Scheme III will upgrade existing highway to become a Class I highway with four lanes. The indicators of the existing highway's alignment are low; Some parts have 4 places with small radius, and have big longitudinal slopes; The technical standards of part of the sections do not comply with the requirements for Class I highways. the low subgrade cannot be closed, and the mixed traffic cannot be solved with bad safety conditions; So, we can make conclusion that from the viewpoint of comprehensive environmental impact, scheme I is superior to scheme III. 10.33 Micro level Scheme alternatives Four micro level alternatives at the sections of Xinghe, Jiabazi, Niuming village and xiao nao were analyzed during the designing of actual alignment from the viewpoints of environmental protection. The results of the environmental comparisons are shown in Figure 1 0-2(a-d). 10.4 Conclusion of comparison I. Build-scheme is superior to No-Build scheme in terms of environmental protection. 2. Comparison of schemes I and scheme III is as follows: On the basis of comprehensive comparison in diverse aspects, our EIA statement recommends scheme I to comply with the recommended scheme of the report of project feasibility study. 92 Figure 10-2 Micro level Scheme alternatives 1. Schemes for section in Xinghe County The existing road is situated in the south of the County, 2 km far from the County. The proposed highway can be either located between the existing road and the County (Scheme B) or situated in the south part of the existing road (Scheme A) (see FigurelO-2a). For environmental considerations, Scheme B is close to the Xinghe County so as to affect the future development of the County in land. Meantime, it is so close to the resident area as to bring both noise and exhaust impacts to the resident by vehicles. Also, Scheme B would occupy much fannland. For Scheme A, however, it keeps away from the resident area avoiding the impact on the resident by noise and exhaust as well as is beneficial to the development of the County. Furthermore, Scheme A mainly would occupy wasteland. From the viewpoint of environmental protection, Scheme A would be adopted. _ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~hi ghiway Figure.14J2a Environmentally comparative schemes for sections in Xinghe County 2. Schemes for section in Jiabazi (K320) Jiabazi section is across hills which take the shape of "V" in terrain and the existing road is located at the bottom of the "V". Three Schemes: A, B and C, can be used in this section as shown in FigurelO-2b. Schemes A and C would require to be situated at the hillside; Although the alignment is good, in construction, it would be required to explode the hill with deep cut and high filL which would lead to serious soil erosion. From standpoints of environmental protection and decreasing soil erosion, Scheme B would be finalized, i.e. using the existing road locally so as to diminish the land acquisition. In the meantime, soil erosion would be avoided resulting from the deep cut and high fill. Scheme A-- Scheme BE -~~~~~~~~ ~~~Schem-e C Figure.10-2b Environmentally comparative schemes for sections in Jiabazi (K320) 3. Schemes for section in Xiaonao (K330) Three Schemes A, B and C, are under consideration for section in Xiaonao (see FigurelO-2c). If Scheme A were used, it would influence the Xiaonao Pond. Drought occurs locally and surface water is very rare. Therefore, in order to protect the water resources of the Xiaonao Pond, Scheme A is denied. Scheme C would widen the existing road. Though the amount of works is small, it is so close to the Village of Jiajia and occupies a lot of irrigated farmland. Consequently, Scheme C is vetoed too. In order to aviod the impact on the Xiaonao and decrease acquisition of irrigated farmland, the proposed road would be located at the hillside and near rto the existing road. Therefore, Scheme B is finalized as recommendation. Scheme A( Scheme BEn ms o sa Fxis~ting -- I ~~~~~(Scheme C) Figure.10-2c Environmentally comparative schemes for sections in Xiaonao (K(330) 4. Schemes for section in Niuming Village (K340) Three Schemes A, B and C, for section under the proposed road close to the Village of Niuminmg have been done. Scheme A would use the existing road with less quantity of works and less land acquisition. However, it would be so close to the Village of Niuming that noise and exhaust by vehicles would heavily impact on the local resident. For Scheme B, it would be newly built to the south of the Village of Ertaigou. This Scheme has better alignment with low cost of works. However, it would occupy more irrigated farmland and cut a large number of trees. As for Scheme C, it would also be a new road in the south of the Niuming Village with moderate indicators in aligmnent and use most of the waste land. The Scheme C has plenty of structures with a long distance of transportation of principal building materials. For environmental considerations, however, Scheme C would be recommended. Scheine B--- .;w#-~~M lw L H~~_ _ C N J c. Farmner representatives attended public involvement meeting at Badaqing Village d. Meeting of public involvement at Shangsanhaodi Figure. 11-2 Some examples for public involvement along the proposed highway Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway According to Table 11-1, the opinions are summarized as follows: (1) 95% of people are in favor of the construction of the highway. (2) Knowing that to be rich they must build roads first, the masses believe that the construction of the alignment is favorable to the local economic boom. 90% of the people think that with the improvement of traffic and rapid growing economy, their living standards will be bettered soon. (3) About 84% of the people have no objection to land acquisition. However, there are still some people (about 16%) who have complaints about land acquisition and resettlement due to the fact that they no little about the policy and regulations. These people must be persuaded carefully, and besides, in design the route should avoid their farmland and houses as much as possible. (4) They require that the fund for compensation be granted directly to them. (5) Most villagers suggest that more bridges be placed to reduce social disruption. * Opinions and suggestions from local community and NGO Jointly sponsored by the assessment team and the project office, consultant meeting with public participation were held respectively at Badaqing Village, Caoci'yao Village, and Shangsanhaodi Village (Yushuwan ) in August 2001. The participants and sites are as shown in Figure 11-2. Through fully discussion with the local non-government organizations (NGOs) or representatives of the farmers, the memorandums were obtained. The details are shown in Table 11 -2-Tablel 14 Table 11-2 A Forum Memorandum of public consultation at Caoci'yao Village's Cattle Breeding Association (a NGO) Place: Caoci'yao Village Date: August 9, 2001 Participants: Members of Caoci'yao Village's Cattle Breeding Association (with the namne list attached later) Sponsor: Xi'an Highway University and Project Office Memorandum: 1. Laoyemiao-Jining Expressway is a national priority project. Its construction will provide us with more employment, and is favorable to the social and economic development along the route. All of us are in favor of the project; 2. Our association is the largest non-govermnent cattle-breeding group along the route, with 120 members and 520 cattle, its milk is mainly sold in Jining and Beijing. The project is favorable for us to expand our production scale and market. However, about 2500mx60m of our land will be used by the project, the majority of which is low-yield dry land. We agree on the government's land acquisition policy and compensation measures and hope that timely compensation should be carried out and be distributed to us directly. In general, the project will not cause adverse impact on us. 3. We also hope that some passages be constructed within the area under the jurisdiction of our association so as to facilitate the life, production and communications on both sides of the highway. August 9,2001 96 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway Table 11-3 A Forum Memorandum of public consultation at Badaqing Village, Place: Jiade's home, Badaqing Village, Date: August 9, 2001 Participants: 8 representatives of the villagers Sponsor: Xi'an Highway University and Project Office Memorandum: 1. There are 220 villagers (50 households), 1700mu arable land (70mu irrigated land) in our village. The villagers are mainly engaged in farming and the annual average income per capita is 500-600RMB. There are no cultural relics and ancient remains in the village. 2. We are acquainted with the project, especially something relevant to demolition and removal. However, we are not so well informed of the national policy on compensation of removal and resettlement. After the symposium, we have got well acquainted with the relevant policies. 3. We are in favor of the project. We believe that the route is rational and its construction will promote the economic growth of our village and improve our living standard. 4. The project will take up a little of our farmland, which is mainly of dry land, so the land acquisition will not cause significant adverse impact on the agricultural production of our village. 5. 16 households in our village have to be removed due to the project. We agree on the resettlement, but hope to get the corresponding compensation based on the national standard. As to the site of resettlement, we hope to be removed to some nearby places. 6. The route will divide our village into two parts, so we hope that a passage is constructed so that our villagers and domestic animals can pass through the expressway conveniently. August 9, 2001 Table 11-4 A Forum Memorandum of public consultation at Shangsanhaodi Village (Yushuwan ), Suburb of Jining City Place: Shangsanhaodi Village (Yushuwan) Date: August 10, 2001 Participants: Representatives of the villagers Sponsor: Xi'an Highway University and Project Office Memorandum: Shangsanhaodi Village (Yushuwan) is 4 km away from the southern suburb of Jining City A large-scaled interchange is to be built at Shangsanhaodi Village. Now there are 700 people in the village and they are mainly engaged in farming, with an annual income of 2800RMB per capita. There are no cultural relics and ancient remains worth protection in the village. In the symposium, the villagers were given a brief introduction of the environmental impact of the project and the national policies on removal and resettlement The representatives gave their independent opinions on the project's impact on their village. The memorandum was obtained as follows. I. The construction of Laoyemiao-Jining expressway is favorable to the development of our village. Because of the construction of a large-scaled interchange in our village, it will become one of the centers in the highway network of Inner Mongolia. This will bring us a chance of development, so all of us support the construction of this national major project and expect the construction to be started as early as possible. 2. We believe the route of the highway is rational and its construction will not cause adverse impact on the environment. 3. The interchange will occupy a lot of land in our village. We agree on the land acquisition program of the project and hope to be compensated according to the corresponding national policies. 4. There are no rare animals or plants on the land to be acquisitioned or in its vicinity. August 10, 2001 * Wishes and suggestions from affected groups and masses These wishes and suggestions are: (1) All the local governments are in favor of the construction of the highway since it a composition of the National Dandong to Lhasa Artery Highway. 97 Envirounental hnpact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway (2) The proposed highway is advantageous to the local economy growth and improvement of zonal infrastructure. They hope to start as soon as possible. (3) They agree on land acquisition requiring that as less fannland be occupied as possible and compensation fund be given. (4) The local govemments, local communities and NGO are ready to play a supporting role land acquisition and resettlement. (5) They hope to build more transverse passageways in highway design and pay more attention to environmental protection. 11.3 Summary of Public Participation The investigation indicates that 95% of the masses agree on the construction of the highway; 84% of the masses agree on land acquisition and resettlement; 98% of the masses consider that the construction of the highway is advantageous to the local economy development; 90% of the masses think that the proposed highway is good for improving their living standards. They all support the project. The concems of the public are summarized as follows: 1. To use as less good farmland as possible and compensate for the farmland used properly. 2. To arrange resettled household timely and properly according to relevant policy and regulations to ensure that their living standards not lowed. 4. 78 passageways, 9 grade separations, 8 large bridges and 30 middle-sized or small briges will be built, which has already been considered in the design. There are about 8 passageways per 10 kn for pedestrians and motor traffic. According to Mission Aide Memoire (Jan. 10-13, 2002), additional public consultation will be conducted in February. The consultation will set its target on ordinary residents in each village. The plan intends to consult addition 500 persons. The results of the consultation will be submitted to the Bank as an independent report. The EA documents will be disclosed domestically no later than January 22, 2002. 98 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 12 INSTITUTIONARRANGEMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, MONITORING AND TRAINING 12.1 Institutions for Environmental Protection 12.1.1 Institutions for Environmental Protection during Construction Phase and Their Responsibilities For the institutions during construction, see Figure 12-1. The functions of the component parts can be seen in Table 12-i I lMCD/World Bank Project Office | X (I Deputy Director for Environment) (L) Environmental Protection Office Under IMCD ( 4 staff) IM Freeway Co.( It will be set up by June 2002). 4 staff in charge EP during the construction phase Environmental Protection 0) Group in charge of Lao-Ji Section Highway( 2 staff) No. No.2 Not No.n< [ *: One supervision group is arranged for one bit section with one supervisor in charge of environmental monitoring Figure 12-1 Environmental Institutions for the Proposed Highway during Construction Phase 12.1.2 Institutions and Assignments during Operation Phase IMCDllnner Mongolia Lao-Ji-Ho o Highway Office (IMHO) (I Deputy Director for Environment) Environmental Protection Office Under IMHO T ( 4 staff) Figure 12-2 Organization Structure for the Proposed Highway during Operation Phase 99 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway Table 12-1 The function of the component parts of the Organization Component name Number Function of stuff IMCD/the Inner Mongolia I ()Overall responsibilities of environmental Lao-Ji-Ho Highway Office management and supervision (I Deputy Director for (®3Coordination among concerned bodies including Environmental Protection local environmental authorities 4 aDevelopment of plans of management and Environmental Protection monitoring Office (!)Preparation of quartely environmental reports including monitoring data (Planning and implementing environmental training Environmental Protection 2 group for Laoyemiao- (©)Inspection/supervision of environment of Jining Ssection construction sites Environmental supervision 4 (llmplementation of environmental monitoring engineer at each contrast ®Handling daily environmental issues section of Laoyemiao- Jining section 12.2 Environmental Protection Plan 12.2.1 Initial Phase 1. Feasibility study stage Environmental protection plan during feasibility study report is listed in Table 12-2. The work of the plan for this phase in being implemented at present. Table 12-2 Environmental Protection Plan for Feasibility Study Report Phase Compositions Institutions Management Responsible and Schedule institutions monitoring institutions Project feasibility IM Transport MOC & Planning December 1998- study Design Institute IMCD Committee of Inner December 2001 (IMTDI) Mongolia EIA Xi'an Highway EPA of China December 1998- University IMCD EP Department of MOC December 2001 EP Bureau of Inner Mongolia 2. Design phase The EP plan for design stage is listed in Table 12-3 in which some requirements have been /will be implemented. Table 12-3 Environmental Protection Plan for Design Phase No. Compositions EP requirements Institutions Manage Schedule rment units I Alignment I. avoiding major sensitive locations Inner January Plane 2. taking less farmland Mongolia 1999- 3. protecting arable land Transport IMCD December 2 Bridges 4. protecting irrigation works Design of 1999 5. ensuring smooth runoff Institute 6. preventing flood from occurring (IMTDI) 3 Passageways 7. preventing traffic disruption and crossing over 4 Protection of 8. preventing soil erosion subgrade 9. meeting anti-flood requirements 100 Envirornmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway Table 12-3 continued 5 drainage 10. preventing soil erosion 6 Measures against I.preventing accidental spills of hazardous accidental materials spills of hazardous materials(See 10.4) 7 Design of 12. reducing impacts on local roads materials sites 13. not occupying farmland, forest land or banks of river for borrow sites etc., restoring vegetation 8 Greening 14 protecting subgrade & preventing soil within right- erosion of-way (see 15. compensating for vegetation loss IMCD June of Table 5-6) 16. highway landscaping & greening open 1999- ground of interchanges December 9 Reclamation 17. restoration of vegetation due to highway EP of 2001 or restoration land use designers of vegetation 18. Reclamation or rehabilitation of land use (see Table 5- during construction including temporary 7 ) land use and borrow sites. 10 Disposal of 19. discharge of sewage after treated sewage at service centers II Sewage 20. septic tanks of domestic sewage and 2- treatment at stage settlement tanks management or tolling stations 12 Mitigation of 21. locations and requirements are in Table 4- traffic noise 6 23. Houses to be demolished because of noise will be verified by the end of 2001 and listed in demolition plan. 3. Preparation prior to construction 10 household to be removed because of noise will be resettled before commencement of the construction. 12.1.2 Environmental Plans for Construction Phase The major Environmental plans during construction presented in Table 12-4. The measures in the Table will be involved in tendering documents and contracts. Table 12-4 EP Plans for Construction Phase (December 2001-December 2004) Environmental Auditing & elements Environmental measures Executor Manager supervision EP in 1 . EP design in construction ( completed construction simultaneously with construction design) 2. Limiting construction time No high-level noise-producing machinery employer [MCD EP Bureau of will be allowed to operate from 22:00- Inner Mongolia 6:00am at sensitive villages like Dajing Local EP and Bashixiang villages Locau 3 . Machinery operators and construction Bureau workers will be protected 101 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway Table 12-4 continued 4. Septic tanks will be provided for sewage at Water construction campus; domestic garbage is environment canned and carried away regularly or treated in garbage pits properly (I for each bit section) 5. No sills of oil and chemicals are allowed into water bodied during bridge construction; no mud or waste materials are allowed dumped in the river course or floodplains 6. Toxic materials like asphalt and chemicals are not allowed stored in the vicinity of water bodies 7. Waste and garbage will not be dumped near water bodies Water and 8. In rainy seasons mud settlement tanks and Soil geotextile will be provided for conservation embankment filling and mixing sites 9. No blasting is allowed for excavating earthy hillsides Borrow pits, 10. All the damaged vegetation and exposed temporally soil resulting from the constructioni will be used land rehabilitated as soon as the proiect is finished Fhe vegetation of borrow pits. temporally used land will be rehabilitated. 11. To mitigate soil erosion at borrow pits. elevation of embankment will be lowered where appropriate so that the area for borrow and spoil sites can ereduced. Ecological 12. Forest protection: No or as less trees as environment possible will be allowed to cut 13. Protection and rehabilitation of vegetation 14. Wild animal and plant protection: No poaching is allowed 15. The vegetation along the alignment will be rehabilitated. 16. Fugitive dust at construction sites: water will be sprayed at construction and mixing sites; materials sites and mixing sites will be 100 m away environmentally sensitive points. Ambient 17. No bulk haulage will be allowed for air cement and lime and they will be muffled 18. No spills of sand, earth and other materials are allowed when hauled 19. Asphalt mixing will be conducted in enclosed equipment to comply with the emission standards of GB4916-85. The mixers will be 300 m away from environmentally sensitive points No asphalt mixers will be placed in the vicinity of Dajing and Bashixiang villages. 20. The material storage sites and earth and limestone mnixing sites will he located in open areas 200m from residential areas or schools. Construction material storage sites and transportation roads ixill be spiayed with water regularly to prevent dust. 102 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway Table 12-4 continued Safety 21. At construction sites safety guards will be posted and safety signs and warning lights. will be installed 22. Hauling vehicles of construction materials will not be allowed or in reduced number to run on local roads during peak hours to reduce traffic conjecture. 23 . Temporary service roads will be Local roads constructed when local roads are disturbed 24. Damaged local roads will be repaired by the employers on comnpletion of the project 25. No spills of materials will be allowed by muffling the hauling vehicles Land 26. Good farmland will not be used for resources temporary land use; farmland used for temporary purposes will be restored for rehabilitation. 27. Borrow sites will be cleared up for rehabilitation on completion of the project . 12.2.3 EP Plans during Operation Phase The EP plans for operation phase are listed in Table 12-5. These measures are the guidelines in drawing up the environmental plans during operation phase and will be implemented. Table 12-5 Environmental Protection Plans during Operation Phase Elements Major work compositions Executors Manager Schedules s EP 1. Routine EP management 2002-2024 management 2. Maintenance of EP facilities Contractors 3. Width of forest ~IO m, length 400m IMCD, 2002-2003 Noise (See Table 4-6) mitigation 4. Environmental monitoring will be EP Implementation conducted at villages where noise Bureau time will be exceeds :Ž 4.0dB in 2020 and of Inner determined after mitigation measures will be identified Mongoli 2010 depending aon monitoring Bawang 5. Sewage from service centers will be (EPBIM) Completed River,Yinzi treated before 2004; River and 6. Sewage from toll stations and operation sanitation administrative sections will be treated 2004-2022 by using septic tanks 7 Garbage from service centers, toll 2004-2006 stations and administrative sections will be canned and camed away regularly Soil erosion 8. Greening within right-of-way is in 2002-2006 and Table 5-6 and Figures landscaping 5-1,5-2,5-3 9. Land for temporary use will be cleared 2002-2006 Water and soil up by placing straw squares for conservation vegetation restoration. See Table 5-7 10. Borrow sites will be placed with straw squares for vegetation restoration _ 12.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan 123.1 Construction Phase The environmentally sensitive locations and monitoring compositions, factors, frequencies and 103 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway institutions are listed in Table 12-6. Monitoring locations are in Appendix Figure 1. In addition to those listed in tables, major mixing sites and haulage roads will be also monitored. Table 12-6 Environmental Monitoring Plan for Construction Phase (2002004) iterms Locations noise Ambient air Surface water Notes Managers and and stations Construction dust TSP COD, SS, monitors boundary noise Oil, pH Gaomiaozi 4 J Lager villages near L.EP Office of K285+450 the route IMCD Dajing v i 2.Environmentat Village monitoring K333+300 stations of Ymzi River Important source the leagues Bawang of water for 3-EPB of Inner River surrounded areas Mongolia will construction 4 v be informed of camps, the results of borrow pits, J monitoring quarries, temporally used lands, haulage roads 1. noise: one day monthly, 2-3 times a day andior ad hoc Frequencles 2. dust: once a month or depends and 3. TSP: 4 times a year, 2-3 days in succession a time; sampling is done according requiremets to intrnational standards 4. Surface water: 2 times a year, I day continuously, background levels will be monitored one month prior to commencement of construction. 5. Construction sections, major hauling roads and materials sites will be monitored ad hoc Note: " J " stands for items monitored (same below). 13.2.2 Environmentally Monitoring Plan of Operation Phase The monitoring locations and monitoring items, factors, frequencies and institutions are listed in Table 12-7. Monitoring locations are in Appendix Figure 1. Table 12-7 Environmental Monitoring Plan for Operation Phase (2004-2024) Monitoring locations Management and monitoring institutions Gaomiaozi Bawang Daming Village Items and frequencies River, Dagong school Yamz Gaomiaozi Erxiaxiang service River, Dajing Village Bajing village center Niuning borrow pits Bayintala IMEPB and local River, township monitoring stations Toudao Yiwutang River Bashixiang ___________________ ______________ Village Noise(Leq) J Air (NO.2 TSP) 4 J Sewage discharge 4 Surface water V (Oil. CODg, SS, pH) 104 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway Table 12-7 continued Frequencies and 1. noise: 4 times a year, one time goes on 1-2 days. IMEPB is informed requirements 2. air: 4 time a year, 3 days in succession a time, 4 times of the monitoring of sampling a day results once a year 3. Surface water: 2 times a year, one time goes on I day, 2 times of sampling a day 4 Monitoring and sampling are conducted in accord with the national standards or relevant regulations 13.2.3 The Way of Reporting An annual monitoring report would be furnished to the Bank by January 31 of each year starting in 2002 during the construction phase and each of the first three years following completion of construction. In addition, the results of environment monitoring will include in the Quarterly Progress Report of the project. 13.2.4 the Management and supervision * Monitoring Institutions In both construction and operation phases, the Wulancabu League environmental monitoring stations will be entrusted to take the responsibilities to monitor the environment since they are qualified stations in all respects. * Surveillance institutions a) Stage of feasibility study: The following institutions will be in charge: The State EP Agency (SEPA), the EP commission of the MOC, the IMEPB and the WB and IMCD. SEPA: the most superior executive department responsible for the routine surveillance in EP all over the country including review of EIS, approval of EIS and guidance of implementation of regulations by the provincial EP bureau; responsible for check & acceptance of EP works. IMEPB responsibilities: to supervise and manage EP in construction projects; to organize and coordinate service in EP; to review EIS, when asked by the SEPA or to approve EIS; to supervise the implementation of EAP; to check and accept EP works; to determine regulations and standards in environmental management, and to guide the environmental management of the relevant cities and towns. b) Design phase The following institutions are responsible: the EP department under the agency of the loan projects. c) Construction phase The following institutions are responsible: the EP agency under IMCD, the Office of the loan projects. Wulancabu League EP bureau is to supervise the implementation of EAP under the guidance of EP bureau of the IMEPB, to implement the relevant regulations and standards in environmental managemnent, to be responsible for the construction and acceptance of EP works and surveillance of operation service. During the construction phase, supervision management will bc carried out. The supervisors will be trained in environmental knowledge in order to execute overall supervision in quality management. During the construction phase, two supervisors from the loan project agency of the IMCD will be 105 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway responsible for the supervision of the implementation of EP measures in EAP and tendering documents. 12.4 Training Plan for EPPersonnel The personnel in charge of environmental protection from IMCD and other institutions will be trained in environmental protection to meet requirements of intemational organizations and at home. The training plan for EP personnel is listed in Table 12-8. Table 12-8 Personnel Training Plan Level Personnel Number Time Cost Purpose for Training (10000 yuan) She/He will be sent abroad or High-level High-level I at home to training for persons 30 9.0 advanced environmental days management and technology of highway Environmental Two persons from Foreign training for advanced staff environmental 2 30 18.0 environmental management (managementlad protection office days and technology of highway ministrative) of IMCD Enviromnental Environmental They will learn EP regulations staff (technical) staff (technical) 15 30 15.0 and specific environmental And supervsion days monitoring methods and engineer technology Total 18 42.0 12.4 Mitigation Measures in the bidding documents In the bidding documents of works under the project, the employer must put environmental protection measures for this project into them as one irnportant part of the whole bidding documents. In bids, the requirements of environment would be specifically rendered to works contractor in terms of the Environmental Protection Action Plan. Terms for protection of water quality in the Bawang River from pollution would be ensured in the bid. In the meantime, the bid also includes indicators of schedule and inspection/acceptance used for completion of the environmental protection measures under this project so as to minimize the impact on the environment in the Project 106 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 13 ANALYSIS ONENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION COST/BENEFITS 13.1 Estimated Costfor Environmental Protection The estimated cost for environmental protection including EP plan, monitoring and training is listed in Table 13-1. . Table 13-1 Estimated Cost for Environmental Protection Cost Phase EP measures Amount (10000 Sources Executors Notes Design I . Design of EP 40 Initial cost Unit for MiU*i2g EP designers 2. EP Plan in design (Table 12-2) Project designers 3. Subgrade protection (Table6-15) 3848112 4014.707 4. Drainage 206194 3177.44 o - o Conste mC uction 5. Grcening trees 85676.8 25.7 | grasses 350655m' 351.00 Project cost 6. Water spraying at construction sites 140 7 Waste water evaporation tanks 5 8. Mufflers for materials 22 9 Septic tanks (I for each section) 12 5 IO.Garbage treatment at construction 8 campus tI Safety signals and warning lights 10 12,Clearing up of temporary land use 1681.1 150 (Table6-15) mu 13.Protection and rehabilitation of vegetation 14.Resettlement tTable4-7) I0 25.00 Contingenc IMCD 25000 yuan EP house y cost or Contracto /household project 15.trees plantation for reducing noise IOX500 5.0 project cost rs 10 yuan/m' (Table 4-7) n2 16. septic tanks at service centers 2 10.00 Civil 50000 engineering yuan/place 17 septic tanks at administrative sections 7 10 .5 cost 15000 and toll stations yuan/place 18 a t at 9t i a S 6 6.00 10000 andilltisx_ yuan/place 19. greening within right-of-way(TableS-6) 524.468 262.23 Project cost IMCD 5000 nmu Contracto yuan/mu 20. Straw squares at locations of temporary 4838.29 241.66 rs 500 land use yuan/mu 21.environmental monitoring during 10.00 prqject CDIM 10000 -~ E construction (Table 12-5) cost EPBIM yuan/a P u 22.EP management during construction 10.00 E i 23.Monitoring during operation (Tablel2- 25.0 Maintenance EPBIM or 15000 e > 6) cost IMCD yuan/a m r 24.Management during operation 25 25000yuan/a o 25.Maintenance of EP facilities 40 40000 I__________ yuan/a 26. Personnel training _ 42.00 IMCD _ Total I . 8641.237 0.815% ofthe totalcost(excluding (excluding subgrade cost) 11449.09 subgrade and drainage cost) 107 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway The expenses in the table will be involved in the budget (including fund sources). The cost for environmental protection is estimated to be 14,490,900 yuan RMB (excluding subgrade and drainage) accounting for 0.815 % of the total cost of the project 13.2 EPMitigation Measures and BenefitAnalysis Mitigation measures and benefit analysis are in Table 13-2 which indicates that the EP mitigation measures for the proposed project in EIA are rational and feasible both technically and financially. Table 13-2 Major EP measures and Benefit Analysis Measures Cost ( 0000 Functions or analysis Benefit analysis yuan) Clearing up or 241.66 Preventing soit from eroding and Protecting land resources by straw squares at protecting ecological preventing land from locations of environment desertificating temporary land use Highway greening 262.23 Preventing soil from eroding. I stabilizing subgrade stabilizing subgrade, improving 2. improving ecological water environment and air environment quality. 3.1 andscaping highway Villages are 45m away from road 1. Plantation of trees is good Planting noise- 5.0 center for environment reduction trees 2. Good environmental benefits 10 household will Route passes through these 1. Protecting environment be resettled 25.00 villages, so there are some of the villagers because of noise household will be resettled 2. Economizing cost Sewage treatment 10.00 Cannot be discharged before Protecting water at service centers (2 service centers) treated properly; can be used for environment irrigation Treatment of solid 20.50 I .There is little sewage from Making high-level highway garbage and septic administrative stations and toll environment by protecting tanks stations and it can be treated environment properly in septic tanks 2.Solid garbage is canned and carried away regularly 108 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway 14 SUMMARIES AND CONCLUSIONS 14.1 Assessment of Current Environment along the Route 14.1.1 Acoustic Environment 1.The noise levels in the rural areas along the route are 42.4-56.0dB and 34.4-49.5dB in daytime and at night respectively, complying with Class 4 in GB3095-93. The level at Dagong school meets class I standard in GB3095-93. 2. The noise levels on either side of the national truck line reach Class 4 in daytime 20m away; Class 4 at night 50m away. To sum up, the areas along the route are with fairly good acoustic quality. 14.1.2 Ecological Environment I .The ecological environment along the alignment is of undulate bench and river basin plain types with farning and husbandry industry. The areas of Shangshanhao along the proposed highway enjoys good farming condition with other areas being deserts or pastures with weak ecological environment. 2.The area belongs to "Protection Forest Areas of Three North" with very poor vegetation cover of 10-30%. 3 .Extent of soil erosion: light water erosion with a module of 500-2000 t/km2 * a: light wind erosion. 4. crop a year with a yield of 100-200 kg per mu. 5. Rare plants and animals worthy protecting are hardly found along the route. 14.1.3 Social Surroundings 1. Being the hubs of transportation, Hohhot and Jining will be formed into the development zones leading to economical growth in other neighboring areas. It will serve as an important strategic position in both Inner Mongolia and the Northwest. However, the economy in these regions relatively backward. The resources have not sufficiently been exploited. 2. Agriculture is the leading industry along the route, and is one of the poorest areas receiving assistance from the country. The average income of farmers is 825 -1517 yuan. They live a hard life. The areas are inhabited by a number of nationalities. The ration of Han, Mongolian and Hui is 94.1-97.8%, 1.9-3.4%and 0.2-1.4%o 14.1.4 Ambient Air The mean hourly and daily concentrations of CO and NO2 are lower than Class 2 in GB3095- 1996, and in general, the existing ambient air quality in fairly good. 14.1.4 Water Environment The water quality of the Yinzi River is of Class I of Surface water and that of the Bawang River of Class 3. In general, the surface water can reach Class 3 of water due to existing situation of water quality. 14.2 EIA of the Project 14.2.1 Acoustics 1. The traffic noise in operation phase will not have notable impacts on the environment in 109 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway daytime in the study area. The noise levels in the villages along the route are in accordance with Class 4 of GB3096-93 basically. The noise level at the school meets the Class I of GB3096-93. 2. The traffic noise during operation phase will have impacts to some extent on the environment. In short-term operation, 3 villages will exceed the standards at night, Dajing Village and Bashixing Village in particular. 3. In Table 5-6 are listed the necessary noise mitigation measures to control the excess below 3.0-4.0dB. 4. Generally speaking, this project has minor impacts on acoustic environment. With the implementation of the mitigation measures suggested in the Report, the impacts of the traffic noise on the environment will be reduced to a minimum. 14.2.2 EIA on Ecological Environment 1. The occupation of land for the highway construction will have no notable impacts on land use in general resulting in minor change in biomass. Therefore, the project construction will not affect the types of ecological environment and its features. 2.The land occupied for the project is mostly of waste land and dry land with low yield (accounts for 55.87% of the total land occupied. The loss in grains due to land acquisition will be minor with less than 3 kg per person each year. 3.Greening will be implemented within the right-of-way along the whole alignment to improve ecological environment in the study area. 4. The landscape along the route will be beautified along the alignment. 14.2.3 Impact Assessment on Soil Erosion I.During construction phase the earth works and embankment engineering will result in remarkable hydraulic erosion. Besides, at various borrow sites there will be wind erosion because of strong winds. However, the soil erosion are local and of short-term, and it can be controlled. With implementation of embankment protection work, drainage systems and greening works, the soil erosion resulting from subgrade slope protection can be controlled in an effective way. Eventually, the soil erosion will be restored to the original levels prior to the construction or the erosion will be even less the existing one. 2.There will be no uncontrollable environmental problems if sand-fixation and other soil conservation measure in Chapter 7 are taken. 14.2.4 Impact Assessment on Social Environment I .The construction is viable because of its good economical benefits and cost/benefit capacity. 2.The construction of the highway is the necessity for completion of the national highway networks, the national trunk line configuration and the main highway frame of Inner Mongolia. It is a very important step for economic transmission to the central and western parts and for improving infrastructure facilities in Inner Mongolia. The proposed project will have significant social benefits by playing an important role in business, trade, industry, agriculture, husbandry, transport and tourism. Thus, it will promote the local economical growth along the alignment. 3. 7,491.128 mu of land will be acquired for the project construction (accounting for 50.66% of acquired land including 32.9% of paddy field and 17.77% of dry land with low yield). The route alignment is designed rationally by avoiding cities along the route. It will not have adverse impacts on the life of the public by providing financial compensation and resettlement. 5. Effective engineering facilities will ensure that the water conservation facilities, surface water regimes, highway networks can work well. 8 passageways will be built per 10 km for traffic of 110 Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway the public and husbandry. 14.2.5 Impact Assessment on Ambient Air During the operation stage, the vehicular waste gases along alignment will have minor impacts on the air due to the speedy wind and strong diffusion capacity. 14.2.6 Impact Assessment on Water Quality 1. During the operation period, the storm-water coming from bridge surface will have slight effects on the water quality in the Yinzi River and Bawang River, with the water quality remaining unchanged. 2. The domestic sewage from service centers, administrative divisions, toll stations and maintenance sections and car-washing waste water will affect water quality, so it can not be discharged before treated properly. 3. Although there is little possibility of risk of hazardous materials spill, it occurs accidentally with severe consequences. Therefore it is required that effective measures be taken to prevent it from happening. 14.2.7 EIA during Construction Phase During construction phase, there is potential to have serious dust pollutant and noise resulting from heavy construction machinery, earth/lime mixing equipment and asphalt mixers. Vegetation will be damaged as because of big borrow leading to great soil erosion. In addition, the sewage from construction camps and garbage and bridge construction will have effects on water quality. Although the effect during the construction stage is short-term consequence, environmental protection measures must be taken according to the Environmental Plans (Table 12-3) by strengthening supervision and monitoring to reduce the impacts to a minimum or to be alleviated. 14.2 Summaries and Conclusions of EIA The construction of the highway from Laoyemiao to Jining will have remarkable both financial and social benefits, so all community and public in the study area are in favor of it. The alignment is designed rationally in the following ways: it has avoided Xinghe county town site and the town of Jining City. Also, it has occupied as less farmland as possible. It will have minor impacts on the living environment of the residents along the route during the operation phase. It will not affect the ecological environment species and their features much. Under the environmental protection measures in the Environmental Plans for the project, highway protection works, drainage works will be ensured. As a result, the environment can be protected, and soil erosion can be controlled or improved. To conclude, from the viewpoint of environmental assessment, the project is feasible because there are not any major environmental factors that will constrain its construction. Annex 1-1 "An Inspection Reply on the Outline of EIA of Laoyemiao-Hohhot Highway from National Environmental Protection Agency, No. 78 (19991 -1999]78-§ p-~~~~~T h-b -~~J -N Y- I;1 Mwg'in f- tRk a 7 E- L 175 e FW tX f +W e ttA / t i't T1,> 4i e Ft Fe~ ~~ a f e g IN 3 ,tos7 wt c 200 1 A4 "'0 112 Al-~~ EE- ..~ ~~~ ~ ~ S. -a - rn t fl~~~~~~~~~H , 1"°z+ uR, . .' I 5 w 9 ) ° g & m {s~~~~~~~~~~~~~al EI --~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-1. itS __ u -? e+ Aw-~~ i> D R9L2S. A W ES v F; '> PElW S t t + t * pelm $~~~~~~~~z El O ~ v- Y ,I,4 { #A o 1 t 01 1*!, |. l X s G + }¢ W A t :~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*1~I~ >~ ~~~~~~~~a t S( *s~ Xil- ... J,nlt $ m m g- \ 1J..55X ffi , , tE B 4 + /./ >4 Annex 1-2 "An Inspection Review for the Outline of EIA of Laoyemiao-Hohhot Highway" from National EIA Center Y1S44 w Ift§J "BA Rn $#4£w4~ t25ti8 10Q'9,A T &-*M9~h199135 Z,g ap fiFtIgitAtot+ 1999 $ 4 fl 23 Fi #oPs A lt iSlS:ln F .I 0 M T> Pt s 01 EX i a FT I F wgtt fii I£ Tt*tNil WiM9t3Rttit 19 JtR ;fRa WY 7k W;t * a ifet *a% 1 iS' §bA ZIE 2 al;;94 W-Iuritf lull ) Xm t 4 t i3enB 6 A< ($4,) WjJ§Ijfr}F$eX I iA fik R ;T1:q w o *MVI A t &U b91 .A v0 VT- I, 1f v:1itIf 3T\ Im if 3Rq l5E RUR. #ffiFeRSYk3MLb% 3. *UBIt $i371 ,&4',20 1 t 114 _*y 21ALL tH b-. V, *b Vk A.X-H T V -J ' 'i. H I * it rr - N - 4. FX 9RW#tE A' , JAI 1:il;'XI * et@#t ±Aftt, A htfi, -YT-u ttlt %kTR tv a ffif ti f §--t A fit fit3 }1i 1M3 So AS5lt)t1 i8tP, 9 ilt 41to *(PPb7 2" CO I%o 1999 4 4 A 23 H Annex II " A Reply Letter on EI Standards for the EIA of Laoyemiao-Hohhot Highway" from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Environmental Protection Bureau ARt~~~-f h, i6SiiA4#l 4~~~~~~~~~I -AS$ 4S AS<1A F- 4 :AC Xit> "'bf$ [19991 g 12 -3" J Mt":t X. E 1 A g f l 3 +b4-, itA+FaSK 9i -1. ((3 {g-t+y1i;f) GB 15618-1995 -&; 2, ((ift ki4 fi4A49> GB 9173 -88; 116 3, ( F'A)) GB12'23-90: 4, 91 6 IT A t c/A-4t A A A) Vrt 5. (1( VA Pt4i)) GB309'-1996 9 -A9 ; 6, G(KtB1) CB3838-88 IIIA; 117 Annex III "Official Reply on the Feasibility Study Report of Laoyemiao-Hobhot Highway Project" No.45[19991,from the MOC 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . . .. X, Ii * V $k r !-i1>* t'P l ;t\ t StitA~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i WI CI1 9 99) 4 5 4t t -- A -1t+ X i 0 NXi Pe V_ it T f im_ ,@ 4k 6t (X of g44 X # 1 _111$ , ( k;5 * i_-q )R *q t t 4s i .10_ ffp J -4 > )) 3ZiL;99)1099i4$X-$t 91*, Mr g;,73 4i f R . X: b iA 1& t-t tA% *A 19 AL +% ,_& z A _ W itt°~~~-6f If 1 10 WAPt ti: > tZ~~~~ff JX *4 0 ASt+ t At t"t$ * 0 ~R LK I A 118 t4t-+)& TX j4{9 ; ~92 -/ ,1994 4 AA* 31Aq#-fiAA -tfI-/*,4. 126 A\ 9 .1995 *0 ii-M &VURA sti-, /WJ~ A- *3000 %N/ El -1 4000 %/ El k 1k A A0 P N IX J9TJOO1 ,X-97 t hoS thi~ - -iii;~4 4;Q Irw to StA -t 4t$ t A9 Q@RX'+V HO ,k -k -A K -)iW k 4.11 * O 2A5t . +@ 1 216 Jt Ei 1 t E A. WV J: i? w 4 3 k ik it it vXo A_ g* 3)f 120 ff - /,jJ' Ht, a I 13. 5 X o AS ik it -4:4K A,:: Ai$-k 20 aR, -120. jtt # *-P, * 119 A; , iR it af- 3j !!t a- _5 < g F@+it ) * A _l 5t 3 A 4S&~ 125 >SiKit$tit 19, 99dbld 26- 54 X (A -, kk A 1 t AU( 200r-20A 8 3 JZ,A e di Xth Al- d P, t&Xl 7. 2 6 Z, Wit$*t@I,t 6 t-o 2Pti:- t@ffi"& 1 125 'Tt 1 99 9 -2 001 A i; J- _t ffi h t t g 4 91 2tW¢;+2001-2004 ti / \' It I ik ]A i ElA 'A f ( 91 , JrIt R i x tz i k rf HA If 0 Y 'l T_411 ,t ItAt 3. 120 ItcW 0~~~ I~~..I *. o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'o Al$ Annex VI The Proxy on Implementation of EIA of Laoyemiao-Jining-Hobhot Highway 7~~~1 f T AD V 0 W _q A JT- & t it, 5A H *t 3T - A ,tt 4k1 t- I ,6+k TM io TQ to it, _x tro- 122 ~~~~~ tii ) Annex V-1 Opinion Census of Public Involvement (Selected) J§te 44tSL A1Sa2l'i v *- -- Ip - _________=______ 1Ri- | ___I K___ _ _ __ _ _- i~~~~ ! __ _LJ_ ,__ to 125 Annex V4 Opinion Census of Public Involvement (Selected) N4/-~~~~~~~~~~~~ -§ 4t _________;_.______ a _t I!EA G I$1L § } 1 - __ ~ -. --r1 WI tk t 9 39 #Va m -F-- WIrlI T I- iPI AWX 1* a -FI A J 1; 6X BXHwmet-W/z\4I Rms Jf M I I_ __ _,_ _ -t__ _4~~~~~~_ _ I l -_ _ __ __ i _ I _ __ _ _ __ _ _ ! _ __ _ 126 VIt 0 -AA JI a w X4XtR 6c *t T _ j Ait m m Nffi S Att'8 ThP RAM atf W1gSSX'§4^-SSt't*Sffi,~~~~~~~~~~W T,4XM 4 ToS a~~~~v T, T 0 Xi A2u 'Ml flt ful at ff Al Q§A~~~~~A A Rq 2001 IF9 ( r7 124 ff J,§ V ', 4'v R ix fx Ah IX 3*~ a4 --X f - kh10 it 4.j A~a M *(E'uk ) '61 T,gA , i A 5fA tMCXA1g£Zffl'54 ~ jj] XJ TWV T 9 129 Ane V1- I Description of Jining-Xinghe-Laoyemiao section wild fauna and flora The proposed project area of Laoyemiao-Jining is mainly belongs to agriculture area. The main flora along the project area is the shrubbery of poplar and osier. No wild vegetation listed in category of protection. Wild animals are mainly hares and sandgrouse, which belong to non-protection animals of state, region and county. The terrain of this area slopes gently. It has long history of farming in this area. There are many residents living and active in this densely populated area for living and production. It is unlivable for the wild animals. Therefore, the wild animals of rare and in severe danger are remote from the proposed project area. The protection areas of wild fauna and flora are beyond Wulanchabu League. The proposed highway will not affect the environmental protection area of wild fauna and flora in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Inner Mongolia Wulanchabu League Forestry Bureau DEC 24, 2001 130 4 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 Uk-.., jit I t-I @ ¢ '.^ Z-* ' III- A gt ^ 4 t*y "..A' W 04: 'A +8 w * :4~~ ~~ f4 A" %'''''3 (- }. ' *~p 'k" >i t 4 p"+ > ,,,, t~~p ,4 1;it _ t Li* i H 'r-it WLn;I ra, Ai. WC - -' 4 WV P 14~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ El~~~~~. 'C iti ii T ' ;r *1 [. V4t rt L ' *tr U ,, Xt wi *R F_ Environmental Impact Statement for Laoyemiao-Jining Highway Ani 2_-2 An Investigation Report on the Cultural Relics Among the Area of Ji--Lao Expressway and Relevant Road Net Reconstruction Item Accordinig to the Project of Road Design , provided by the Institute of the Design and Research on Communication Ltd. of Inner Mongolia Autonomiious Region in 1999, combined with the document data of cultural relics in Inner Mongolia Municipality in 1982 , our institute , together witl the local department of cultural relics management, made an earlier stage cultural relics survey in the belt of road construct. We can identify initially that there are no important cultural relics and cemeteries amuong the area of Ji--Lao Expressway and relevant road net reconstruction item, which include Zhuo Zi Xian -- Liang Cheng, Tu Mu Er Tai--Shang Du , Hua De-- An Ye, Bai Yin Cha Gan --Ke Bu Er , Bai Ling Temple --Xi La Mu Ren . If any cultural relics were accidentally found during the reconstruction , the construction department should take corresponding safeguard cooperating with us. The Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region December31 ,2001 I .JZ Description of Culture Relics of Proposed Expressway Jan 11,2002 According to Culture Relics Protection Law of People's Republic of China, Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology of Inner Mongolia organized a census of the five sections of local highway networks. First, they looked through the information of the census conducted in 1982 in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which shows there are about 500 places of culture relics distributed around Wulanchabu League. The five sections of local highway network improvement program have no relations to the above-mentioned places. They undertake the drilling at the 10 places where might have culture relics along the proposed highway in 1999 and did not find any culture relics there. As to the information of the census in 1982, the information could not brought into open because the concerns of robbery and excavation of the ancient tombs. The information is kept in the data bank of Culture Relics Institute. Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology of Inner Mongolia Annex VI! An advertisement for ELIA information disclosure on the Wulanchabu Daily on September 6,2001 * ! 4c~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~* I; _ ,{ 2_ M 11834v5 WULANCHABU RBAO' L A. | i-fIJ! CN15----12 ¢X " fig Z- M E _ ~ l S8iT1¢to 4019 216 'MW 1aSa ,-SwXeFgE33t,>s *e aXiPWw 27 - 3 R11Y :2001 £ 9 , 6 R-2001 * 9 A 301 0 9l4:012000 F* 8:3011:130,Tt4 3:00-5:00 X1:^'tx'S 133 ANNEX FIGURE ghwap~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Jnn Hiha duin Cosruto an Oprto Ped Legendp o t / a P E M o S f e P L * (S)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~h I.DIs.t.UI.bul.GDItirOErECWPninGJ Ma..... of Eniomnalest Spots. and Plane EvrnetalMnItI STheDst fo th Prpoe = _*e = _ojii_ MH_gh=ayduring Consiruei:ion andOperation Periods