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Table of Contents Foreword  vii Bolivia, Plurinational State of 52 Bosnia and Herzegovina 53 Acknowledgmentsix Botswana 54 Brazil 55 PART I: Overview 1 Bulgaria 56 Burkina Faso 57 Overview3 Burundi 58 Key Messages of the 2020 Data Cabo Verde 59 Are as Follows 4 Cambodia 60 Aggregate Financial Flows to Low- and Cameroon 61 Middle-Income Countries 6 Central African Republic 62 External Debt Stocks in 2020 9 Chad 63 External Debt Flows in 2020 12 China 64 IDA Borrowers Eligible for Colombia 65 the DSSI—External Debt Stocks Comoros 66 and Flows 15 Congo, Democratic Republic of 67 Debt Indicators 2011–2020 20 Congo, Republic of 68 Equity Flows in 2020 23 Costa Rica 69 Supporting Debt Transparency 27 Côte d’Ivoire 70 Djibouti 71 PART II: Aggregate and Country Tables 31 Dominica 72 Dominican Republic 73 All Low- and Middle-Income Countries 33 Ecuador 74 East Asia and Pacific 34 Egypt, Arab Republic of 75 Europe and Central Asia 35 El Salvador 76 Latin America and the Caribbean 36 Eritrea 77 Middle East and North Africa 37 Eswatini 78 South Asia 38 Ethiopia 79 Sub-Saharan Africa 39 Fiji 80 Afghanistan 40 Gabon 81 Albania 41 Gambia, The 82 Algeria 42 Georgia 83 Angola 43 Ghana 84 Argentina 44 Grenada 85 Armenia 45 Guatemala 86 Azerbaijan 46 Guinea 87 Bangladesh 47 Guinea-Bissau 88 Belarus 48 Guyana 89 Belize 49 Haiti 90 Benin 50 Honduras 91 Bhutan 51 India 92 v T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S Indonesia 93 South Africa 139 Iran, Islamic Republic of 94 Sri Lanka 140 Jamaica 95 St. Lucia 141 Jordan 96 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 142 Kazakhstan 97 Sudan 143 Kenya 98 Syrian Arab Republic 144 Kosovo 99 Tajikistan 145 Kyrgyz Republic 100 Tanzania 146 Lao People’s Democratic Republic 101 Thailand 147 Lebanon 102 Timor-Leste 148 Lesotho 103 Togo 149 Liberia 104 Tonga 150 Madagascar 105 Tunisia 151 Malawi 106 Turkey 152 Maldives 107 Turkmenistan 153 Mali 108 Uganda 154 Mauritania 109 Ukraine 155 Mauritius 110 Uzbekistan 156 Mexico 111 Vanuatu 157 Moldova 112 Venezuela, RB 158 Mongolia 113 Vietnam 159 Montenegro 114 Yemen, Republic of 160 Morocco 115 Zambia 161 Mozambique 116 Zimbabwe 162 Myanmar 117 Nepal 118 Nicaragua 119 APPENDIX: About the Data 163 Niger 120 Nigeria 121 User Guide to Tables 165 North Macedonia 122 User Guide to IDS Online Tables Pakistan 123 and Database 167 Panama 124 How to Access IDS Online Country Tables 167 Papua New Guinea 125 Indicators169 Paraguay 126 How to Access the Database 171 Peru 127 Philippines 128 Data Sources and Methodology 173 Romania 129 Data Sources 173 Russian Federation 130 Methodology174 Rwanda 131 External Debt and Its Components 176 Samoa 132 Data Documentation 179 São Tomé and Príncipe 133 Sources of the Macroeconomic Indicators 184 Senegal 134 Country Groups 187 Serbia 135 Regional Groups 187 Sierra Leone 136 Income Groups 188 Solomon Islands 137 Glossary189 Somalia 138 Debtor Reporting System (DRS) 189 vi Foreword T he COVID-19 pandemic brought unprec- edented challenges to low- and middle-income countries. Even prior to the onset of the crisis, been expanded to provide more detailed and disaggregated data on external debt than ever before. The data now break down each borrow- rising public debt levels and heightened debt ing country’s external debt stock into the amounts vulnerabilities were already a concern in many owed to each official and private creditor, the countries. These vulnerabilities increased dramati- currency composition, and the financial terms of cally in 2020. The crisis drove up financing needs the loans extended. In addition, for DSSI-eligible and thereby public borrowing, while weakening countries, the dataset includes the debt service individual countries’ economic fundamentals and deferred in 2020 by each bilateral creditor and capacity to service and repay public debt. The risk the projected monthly debt-service payments that now is that too many countries will emerge from will be owed on this debt. More importantly, the the COVID-19 crisis with a large debt overhang borrower classification now presents the Central that could take years to manage. Bank as a separate borrower entity. Beginning The external debt stock of low- and middle- with 2020, the data increasingly reflect external income countries in 2020 rose, on average, 5.6 borrowing by state-owned enterprises, and most percent to $8.7 trillion. However, for many 2020 data are actual, not estimated, transactions. countries the increase was in double digits. The The transparency of data on debt must evolve external debt stock of countries eligible for the to keep pace with an ever-changing creditor land- Group of Twenty (G-20) Debt Service Suspension scape and with new and increasingly complex Initiative (DSSI) rose, on average, 12 percent to debt-like instruments and data requirements. We $860 billion and in some of them by 20 percent are working hard to be able to capture all debt or more. For most countries the rise in external instruments, including external borrowing by state- indebtedness was not matched by the growth of owned enterprises, Central Bank deposits, and cur- gross national income and exports. rency swaps. We are also collecting information on A large-scale shift in the approach to debt loan guarantees and collateral arrangements. transparency is needed to help countries assess Reliable and comprehensive debt data are and manage their external debt risks and work the cornerstone of good development outcomes. toward sustainable debt levels and terms. This is Borrowing allows governments and growing pri- particularly urgent given the scheduled expiration vate sectors to mobilize the resources they need of the DSSI at the end of 2021. The World Bank to invest in innovation, health systems, education, has long played a leading role in the compila- and infrastructure and build durable economic tion and dissemination of external debt statistics. recoveries. Debt transparency invites new invest- International Debt Statistics, the World Bank’s ment and helps safeguard long-term ­ sustainability. flagship publication on external debt data, is the The World Bank is committed to working most important source of verifiable information with governments and partners to achieve that on the external debt of low- and middle-income outcome—by continually improving debt data countries and offers a unique dataset that can coverage, quality, timeliness, and transparency. shape the solutions that will be needed in the com- ing years. David Malpass International Debt Statistics 2022 raises the President bar on debt transparency. The 2020 dataset has World Bank Group vii Acknowledgments T his volume was prepared by the Debt Statistics Team of the Development Data Group (DECDG) at the World Bank, led by Evis the management of Nada Hamadeh, Program Manager, and the d ­irection of Haishan Fu, Director, DECDG. Valuable guidance and input Rucaj and comprising Parul Agarwal, Arturo was provided by Carmen M. Reinhart, Senior Albarran-Cortes, Arzu Aytekin Balibek, Kifaye Vice President and Chief Economist of the Didem Bayar, Daniella Kathyuska Bolanos-Misas, World Bank Group. Allen Charles Church Jr., Wendy ­Ven-dee Huang, International Debt Statistics electronic prod- Malvina ­ Pollock, Rubena Sukaj, Tin Yu To, ucts were prepared by a team led by Anna Maria Rasiel Vellos, and Bedri Zymeri. The overview Kojzar and Sebastian Ariel Dolber and comprising of current ­ developments was prepared by the Ramgopal Erabelly, Fatih Dogan, Rajesh Kumar Debt Statistics Team; Aart Kraay, Director of Danda, Gangadhar Simhani, Surya Anandan, Development Policy and Deputy Chief Economist, Vijayakumar Juttu Mohan, and Palani Devi Development Economics (DEC), and the MTI Somasundaram. The cover was designed by Jomo Global Macro and Debt team at the World Bank Tariku. Jewel McFadden, acquisitions editor; provided valuable feedback on the overview sec- Michael Harrup, production editor; and Orlando tion; and the final statistics were reviewed by Mota, print coordinator, for the World Bank’s for- country ­economists. The team was assisted by mal publishing program coordinated the publica- Nancy Kebe. The work was carried out under tion and dissemination of the book. ix PART I Overview 1 1 Overview The world economy is still reeling from the once- owed to official bilateral creditors. The suspension in-a-generation crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, period was originally set for payments falling due that hit every part of the globe in 2020 and from May 1 to December 31, 2020, but was sub- brought economic activity to a grinding halt. sequently extended to end-December 2021. Bond Governments around the world responded ­ rapidly issues from low- and middle-income countries to stem both the health and economic contagion were at a record high of $457 billion in 2020, but with fiscal and monetary stimulus packages. issuance from China accounted for nearly half of Hopes for a quick recovery were dashed when this amount. Market borrowers in Sub-Saharan the second wave of the pandemic hit the world’s Africa were priced out of the bond market for major economies in October 2020. World gross much of the year, and investor retreat from domes- domestic product (GDP) fell by an estimated 4.3 tic markets in many low- and middle-income coun- percent in 2020—the sharpest contraction of tries’ biggest borrowers led to large-scale capital output since the Great Depression. Developed flight and shrank debt inflows. Net debt inflows economies were most severely impacted by rose 9 percent to $435 billion, but the 26 percent the pandemic, and output is estimated to have increase in inflows to China masked a marginal, shrunk by 5.6 percent in 2020. Low- and middle- 1 percent increase in debt inflows to other low- income countries experienced a relatively less and middle-income countries. severe contraction, with output estimated to have Many developing countries entered 2020 in contracted by 2.5 percent in 2020. There were, a vulnerable position, with public external debt however, significant differences in the size of the already at elevated levels. Fiscal support to miti- shock among low- and middle-income countries, gate the impacts of COVID-19 pushed debt levels with those in Latin America and the Caribbean in some countries to record highs. The external hardest hit. Countries in East Asia and the Pacific debt stock of low- and middle-income countries fared better, and their output is estimated to have rose, on average 5.3 percent in 2020, about the expanded by 1 percent in 2020, thanks to China’s same pace as the two prior years. Prior to the robust recovery. onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, rising public Against this unprecedented and uncertain debt levels and heightened debt vulnerabilities backdrop, the development in debt stocks and were already a cause for concern in many of the financial flows to low- and middle-income coun- world’s poorest IDA borrowers, and these have tries in 2020 was a story of highs and lows. Rapid been further exacerbated. In 2020, the external intervention and extraordinary support from mul- debt stock of IDA DSSI-eligible countries rose, tilateral institutions, led by the World Bank and on average, 12 percent in 2020, and for nine of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), raised these countries it rose 20 percent or more. The net inflows from multilateral creditors to $117 rise in external indebtedness was not matched by billion, the highest level in a decade. The Debt gross national income (GNI) and exports growth. Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI) was launched Low- and middle-income countries external debt- by Group of Twenty (G-20) countries in April to-GNI ratio rose to 29 percent in 2020 from 2020 to assist the poorest and most vulnerable 27 percent in 2019, and the debt-to-export ratio low- and middle-income countries in managing increased to 123 percent from 106 percent in the adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. It 2019. The worsening of debt indicators was wide- offered 73 International Development Association spread across all geographic regions. (IDA)-eligible and least developed countries a Equity inflows to low- and middle-income temporary suspension of debt-service payments countries fell 15 percent in 2020 to $473 billion. 3 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 2 The pandemic had a significant impact on foreign creditors in 2021. The borrower classification direct investment (FDI) flows. Lockdowns around now shows Central Bank debt, including new the world slowed existing investment projects, and debt instruments. A new debt statistics website the prospect of a global recession deterred inves- has also been launched to provide a user-friendly tors and led multinational entities to reassess the one-stop shop, with enhanced data query capa- viability of new projects. Developed countries suf- bilities for access to the IDS dataset and other fered the largest contraction, but the downturn was debt statistics. global. FDI inflows to low- and middle-income International Debt Statistics 2022 presents countries combined fell, on average, 14 percent in comprehensive stock and flow data for 123 low- 2020 to $435 billion, the lowest level in a decade. and middle-income countries that report to the For low- and middle-income countries, exclud- World Bank Debtor Reporting System (DRS) and a ing China, FDI fell 23 percent in 2020. Investors summary overview of the key elements driving out- in portfolio equity continued to favor China and comes in 2020 debt stocks and financial flows. The India in 2020, but overall ­ portfolio equity inflows headline numbers mask divergent trends because fell 19 percent from the 2019 level. of the dominance of the largest economies. This International Debt Statistics is the World Bank’s is particularly so for China, where the volumes flagship publication on external debt data instituted of financial flows and external debt stock are not in response to the first global oil crisis of 1973 and large relative to the size of the domestic economy now in its 48th consecutive year of publication. This but are significant in relation to those of other edition provides disaggregated information on public low- and middle-income countries. To assist in and publicly guaranteed debt stocks and flows by the interpretation of the data, the overview looks creditor country, including official bilateral credi- behind the headline numbers and analyzes recent tors and multilateral institution entities. The World developments and trends at the regional and coun- Bank has long played a lead role in the compilation try level as well as for the subgroup of DSSI-eligible and dissemination of external debt statistics and the countries. enhancement and expansion of debt data coverage to meet institutional needs, and the needs of policy makers, analysts, and the broader international community. The task of managing COVID-19- Key Messages of the 2020 Data Are related debt vulnerabilities and crises gave rise to as Follows: new demands for more granular data regarding the volume and terms of amounts borrowed and lent. • Net financial (debt and equity) flows to low- For this reason, the DSSI, launched by the G-20 in and middle-income countries fell for the sec- April 2020 and implemented with the assistance ond consecutive year in 2020 to $909 million. of the World Bank and the IMF, set a standard for Net debt inflows rose 9 percent to $435 billion greater debt data transparency by member countries ($400 in 2019), but net equity inflows fell 15 of the World Bank and the IMF, as borrowers and as percent to $473 billion ($554 billion in 2019). lenders. FDI inflows fell 14 percent to $435 billion, the This year’s publication raises the bar on lowest level in a decade, and portfolio equity debt transparency. The 2020 dataset has been inflows fell 19 percent to $39 billion. expanded to provide more detailed and disag- ○ Over half of net financial flows (debt gregated data on external debt than ever before. and equity) to low- and middle-income It now includes information on average lending countries in 2020 were accounted for by terms by creditor country (commitment amounts, China, the largest recipient. Net financial maturity, grace period, interest rate, and grant flows to China rose 33 percent in 2020 to element) and the currency composition of debt $466 billion. Net debt inflows to China stock. For DSSI-eligible countries the dataset rose 62 percent to $233 billion ($144 has expanded to include debt service deferred in billion in 2019), and net equity inflows 2020 by each bilateral creditor and the projected rose 12 percent to $233 billion ($207 monthly debt-service payments owed to bilateral billion in 2019). 4 O v e r v i e w ○ Net financial (debt and equity) inflows and net inflows from bilateral creditors were to low- and middle-income countries $10 billion. excluding China fell 26 percent in 2020 • Bondholders and multilateral institutions to $443 billion ($602 billion in 2019). accounted for 95 percent of long-term debt Net debt inflows fell 21 percent to $202 inflows to low- and middle-income countries billion ($256 billion in 2019), and net in 2020. equity inflows fell 31 percent to $240 ○ Net inflows from bondholders were billion ($346 billion in 2019). $280 million in 2020, 10 percent higher • Low- and middle-income countries’ than the comparable 2019 figure, and combined external debt stocks at end-2020 equivalent to two-thirds of 2020 long- were $8.7 trillion. They rose 5.3 percent in term debt inflows. Bondholders accounted 2020, an annual rate of increase comparable for 91 percent of long-term debt inflows to that in 2018 and 2019. Long-term public to China and, on average, for 44 percent and publicly guaranteed external debt rose of long-term debt inflows to other low- 10 percent in 2020 to $3.7 trillion, equivalent and middle-income countries. to 43 percent of total external debt stock. ○ Net debt inflows from multilateral Long-term private non-guaranteed debt rose creditors doubled in 2020 to $117 3 percent to $2.8 trillion. Short-term debt was billion, equivalent to 90 percent of unchanged at $2.2 trillion. inflows from official creditors. Inflows • The external debt stock of DSSI-eligible from multilateral creditors accounted countries rose 12 percent in 2020 to $860 for, on average, two thirds of long-term billion ($770 billion in 2019). Long-term debt inflows to low- and middle-income public and publicly guaranteed debt rose countries in 2020, excluding China. 14 percent to $618 billion ($541 billion in Net inflows from the World Bank 2019). Debt owed to multilateral creditors, (International Bank for Reconstruction including the IMF, rose 22 percent to $295 and Development [IBRD] and IDA) rose billion ($243 billion in 2019), equivalent to 42 percent in 2020 to $27 billion. 48 percent of public and publicly guaranteed • New bond issuance by the 123 low- and debt stock at end-2020. middle-income countries reporting to the • Net debt inflows to low- and middle-income DRS reached an all-time high of $457 billion countries rose 9 percent in 2020 to $435 in 2020, 14 percent higher than 2019 ($400 billion ($400 billion in 2019). Long-term debt million). China accounted for close to half inflows rose 13 percent to $419 billion ($372 (48 percent) of bonds issued in 2020. billion in 2019). Short-term debt inflows fell • In low- and middle-income countries, 43 percent in 2020 to $16 billion ($28 billion excluding China, the ratio of debt to GNI in 2019). rose to an average of 42 percent in 2020 ○ Net debt inflows to low- and middle- (37 percent in 2019) and the debt-to-export income countries excluding China fell ratio increased to an average of 154 percent 21 percent to $202 billion ($256 billion (126 percent in 2019). The worsening of in 2019). Net long-term debt inflows rose debt indicators was widespread and impacted by 1 percent to $217 billion ($215 billion countries in all geographic regions. in 2019). Short-term debt contracted to • For DSSI-eligible countries debt indicators an outflow of $15 billion ($41 billion worsened significantly over the past decade. inflow in 2019). In 2020, only 44 percent of DSSI-eligible • Net debt inflows of external public debt to countries had a debt-to-GNI ratio at or below DSSI-eligible countries rose 25 percent in 60 percent and in 7 percent of DSSI-eligible 2020 to $71 billion, the highest level of countries it exceeded 100 percent. In 2020, the decade. Net inflows from multilateral 21 percent of DSSI eligible countries had a creditors, including the IMF, were $42 billion, debt-to-export ratio over 250 percent. 5 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 2 Table O.1  Aggregate Net Financial Flows to Low- and Middle-income Countries, 2011–20 US$ (billion) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Net financial flows, debt and equity 1,324.9 1,223.8 1,457.7 1,136.3 207.6 721.0 1,289.9 1,108.2 953.8 908.6 Percent of GNI (%) 5.7 5.0 5.6 4.2 0.8 2.8 4.5 3.7 3.1 3.0 Net debt inflows 717.2 587.7 814.8 539.8 −316.1 208.4 755.4 574.5 400.1 435.4 Long-term 405.0 468.5 447.6 394.7 171.6 243.3 433.4 352.4 372.3 419.4 Official creditors 39.1 34.3 30.7 47.8 49.2 62.3 56.2 81.3 64.0 128.6 World Bank (IBRD and IDA) 6.4 12.0 14.1 15.1 17.6 13.5 13.1 14.7 19.1 27.2 IMF 0.5 −8.4 −17.7 −7.2 4.8 5.0 3.6 30.9 21.6 46.5 Private creditors 365.9 434.2 416.8 346.9 122.4 181.0 377.2 271.1 308.3 290.8 Bonds 150.5 225.7 172.7 174.8 74.9 120.1 289.1 203.6 255.2 280.1 Banks and other private 215.4 208.6 244.2 172.1 47.5 60.9 88.1 67.5 53.1 10.7 Short-term 312.2 119.1 367.2 145.1 −487.7 −34.9 322.0 222.2 27.8 16.0 Net equity flows 607.6 636.1 642.9 596.5 523.6 512.6 534.5 533.6 553.7 473.2 Net foreign direct investment inflows 603.8 538.8 572.8 512.7 502.4 467.9 467.7 496.5 505.7 434.5 Net portfolio equity inflows 3.8 97.4 70.1 83.8 21.2 44.7 66.7 37.2 48.0 38.7 Change in reserves (− = increase) −457.4 −284.1 −523.3 96.9 607.1 274.9 −313.5 84.1 −189.3 −330.4 Memorandum item Workers’ remittances 337.2 362.8 384.0 414.8 416.9 408.0 444.2 481.9 501.7 499.5 Sources: World Bank Debtor Reporting System, International Monetary Fund, and Bank for International Settlements. Aggregate Financial Flows to Low- other low- and middle-income countries, which fell and Middle-Income Countries 26 percent in 2020 to $443 billion, from $602 bil- lion in 2019. The decline was due to a 21 percent Financial flows to low- and middle-income coun- contraction in debt inflows and a steeper 31 percent tries fell for the second consecutive year in 2020. fall in net equity inflows. Within net equity flows, Aggregate net financial flows, debt and equity com- FDI fell 23 percent and portfolio equity flows were bined, totaled $909 billion in 2020, 5 percent lower negative with an outflow of $24 billion compared than the comparable figure for 2019. Measured rel- to a small, $3 billon inflow in 2019. ative to borrower countries’ GNI, aggregate finan- Aside from China, the downturn in aggregate cial flows were equivalent to 3 percent, on par with financial flows to the largest borrowers was much 2019 but short of the 5.7 percent of GNI in 2011. sharper than to other low- and middle-income coun- The decline in net financial flows was the outcome tries. Aggregate financial flows to low- and middle- of a 9 percent rise in net debt inflows (gross dis- income countries’ nine largest borrowers, excluding bursements of new financing minus principal pay- China (defined on the basis of end-2020 external debt ments) to $435 billion from $400 billion in 2019, stock), fell to $151 billion in 2020, close to half the and a 15 percent contraction in net equity inflows. comparable figure for 2019.1 This reflected a near Foreign direct investment inflows, long considered total collapse in net debt inflows, which plummeted the most resilient and least volatile component of from $110 billion in 2019 to $4 billion in 2020 financial flows, fell 14 percent in 2020 to $434 bil- and a 33 percent contraction in net equity inflows. lion, their lowest level in a decade. Portfolio equity In contrast, other low- and middle-income coun- inflows dropped 19 percent to $39 billion. tries recorded a 7 percent rise in aggregate financial inflows in 2020 to $292 billion underpinned by a 36 China accounted for over half of the combined percent increase in net debt inflows to $198 billion. aggregate net inflows to low- and middle-income However, net equity inflows fell 26 percent, in par- countries in 2020. Aggregate financial flows to allel with those of the nine major borrowers. As a China rose 33 percent in 2020 to $466 billion, result, net debt inflows accounted for 68 percent of equivalent to 51 percent of aggregate financial flows aggregate financial flows to these countries in 2020 as to all low- and middle-income countries. Inflows to compared to 54 percent in 2019. China were driven by a 62 percent increase in net debt inflows to $233 billion, from $144 billion in 1 2019, and a 12 percent rise in net equity inflows The top-10 borrowers, defined as those with the largest end-2020 external debt stock, are Argentina, Brazil, China, also to $233 billion (see box O.1). This was in India, Indonesia, Mexico, the Russian Federation, South sharp contrast to aggregate net financial flows to Africa, Thailand, and Turkey. 6 O v e r v i e w Figure O.1  Aggregate Net Financial Flows to Low and Figure O.2  Aggregate Net Financial Flows to Major Middle-Income Countries, Excluding China, 2011–20 Borrowers and Other Low- and Middle-Income US$ (billion) Countries, 2019–20 900 US$ (billion) 800 500 700 450 600 400 350 500 300 400 250 300 200 200 150 100 100 50 0 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 Net equity flows Net debt flows Major borrowers Other low- and middle- China (excluding China) income countries Debt Equity Sources: World Bank Debtor Reporting System, International Sources: World Bank Debtor Reporting System and International Monetary Fund, and Bank for International Settlements. Monetary Fund. Box O.1  China: The Largest Borrower and Lender among Low- and Middle-Income Countries China—A Recipient of External Figure BO.1.1  Aggregate Net Financial Flows to Financial Flows China, 2011–20 US$ (billion) 900 Over the past decade almost 60 percent of net aggregate financial flows to low- and middle- 700 income countries from external creditors and 500 investors went to China. Over this period 300 China received inflows close to $4 trillion, of which 40 percent were debt-creating flows and 100 60 percent were foreign direct investment and –100 portfolio equity flows. In 2020, aggregate finan- cial flows to China rose 32 percent to $466 bil- –300 lion, driven by a 62 percent increase in net debt –500 inflows to $233 billion and a 12 percent rise in net 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 equity inflows also to $233 billion. Net equity flows Net debt flows China’s external debt stock rose 11 percent Sources: World Bank Debtor Reporting System, International in 2020 to $2.3 trillion, including both domestic Monetary Fund, State Administration of Foreign Exchange and foreign currency–denominated debt, but of the People’s Republic of China, and Bank for International remained moderate in relation to gross national Settlements. income at 16 percent. Short-term debt, of which about a third was trade related, accounted for the largest share of China’s end-2020 external purchased by non-residents. This was 65 percent debt stock, 53 percent at end-2020, down higher than the comparable figure for 2019. slightly from 57 percent at end-2019. Long- The sharp rise in non-resident investors’ term debt was the fastest-growing component, expansion in the holdings of Chinese renminbi rising 22 percent in 2020 to $1.1 trillion. The bonds in 2020 reflects not only the economy’s major contributor was the $217 billion in early recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic bond issuances by public and private entities ahead of other major economies, but also in the China Interbank Bond Market (CIBM) China’s concerted efforts to liberalize their 7 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 2 Box O.1  China: The Largest Borrower and Lender among Low- and Middle-Income Countries (Continued ) financial accounts. Non-resident participation in Figure BO.1.2  Low- and Middle-Income China’s onshore bond market has risen steadily Countries’ Debt to China, 2011–20 since 2016 when the market was opened to US$ (billion) foreign investors. At end-2020, Chinese bonds 180 held by non-residents totaled about $635 billion 160 and accounted for 58 percent of China’s long- 140 term external debt. 120 Since 2016, Chinese authorities have 100 implemented various programs and measures 80 to improve non-resident access to the CIBM. 60 The introduction of the CIBM Direct Access 40 program removed investment quotas or repatriation 20 restrictions for foreign institutional investors. 0 The Bond Connect program, launched in July 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2017, gave investors the option of registering and East Asia and Pacific Middle East and North Africa settling trades onshore, easing investor concerns Europe and Central Asia South Asia over repatriation and capital account risk since Latin America and Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa the assets are held and settled offshore. In 2018, Source: World Bank Debtor Reporting System. repatriation and holding period restrictions were removed. In June 2020, quota restrictions were abolished, and repatriation of fund procedures both public and private entities, but primarily by simplified, while in November 2020, in response to state-owned enterprises including the four major investor feedback on ease of access, the application government-owned banks, Agricultural Bank process was streamlined. Inclusion of renminbi of China, Bank of China, China Construction (RMB) bonds in the Bloomberg Barclays Global Bank, and Industrial and Commercial Bank of Aggregate Index and China-A shares in FTSE China. Policy bank and corporate bonds, which Russell emerging market index and automated together account for 44 percent of the CIBM links between the Shanghai, London, and Hong market value, both support development of the Kong SAR, China markets also encourage and Chinese economy and finance a significant share facilitate foreign investors’ appetite for access to of China’s overseas lending. RMB bonds. The CIBM, China’s domestic bond market to which non-resident have access, has an estimated market value of $12 trillion at end- China—One of Low- and Middle- 2020, making it the world’s second-largest Income Countries’ Largest Creditors bond market after the United States, or third if the Eurozone markets are counted together Over the past two decades China has been one as one. It is regulated by the People’s Bank of of the world’s fastest-growing economies with China and supported by the China Central annual gross domestic product growth averaging Depository and Clearing Company Limited. over 9 percent, a pace the World Bank describes The CIBM has four main segments: (1) central as “the fastest sustained expansion by a major government sovereign bonds issued in a range of economy in history.” This, combined with China’s maturities; (2) local government bonds issued by “Going Global Strategy,” initiated in 1999 to provincial-level governments to refinance short- foster Chinese investment abroad, has propelled term bank loans into longer-term bonds and Chinese overseas investment and lending. China mostly held by domestic banks; (3) policy bank has become not only low- and middle-income bonds issued by the three main development countries’ largest borrower, but also one of the banks, China Development Bank, Agricultural largest creditors. Development Bank of China, and the China Low- and middle-income countries’ combined Exim-Bank; and (4) corporate bonds issued by debt to China was $170 billion at end-2020, 8 O v e r v i e w Box O.1  China: The Largest Borrower and Lender among Low- and Middle-Income Countries (Continued ) more than three times the comparable level in framework that governs the coverage, mea- 2011. To put this figure in context, low- and surement, and monitoring of public debt. The middle-income countries’ combined obligations non-reporting of this category lowers the total to the International Bank for Reconstruction and figures by creditor country breakdown. (2) China Development were $204 billion at end-2020 and lending to private sector not publicly guaranteed to the International Development Association or through special purpose vehicles is captured $177 billion. Most of the debt owed to China in private non-guaranteed debt. These data are relates to large infrastructure projects and reported to the DRS in aggregate, and creditors operations in the extractive industries. Countries cannot be separately identified. in Sub-Saharan Africa, led by Angola, have seen China extends loans to low- and middle- one of the sharpest rises in Chinese debt although income countries on concessional and non- the pace of accumulation has slowed since 2018. concessional terms. There are four main types The region accounted for 45 percent of end-2020 of loans. The first type is concessional loans obligations to China. In South Asia, debt to China extended by the government of China at very has risen, from $4.7 billion in 2011 to $36.3 low interest rates or interest-free, funded from billion in 2020, and China is now the largest tax revenues. These loans are denominated bilateral creditor to the Maldives, Pakistan, and in renminbi and managed by the China Sri Lanka. International Development Cooperation Agency. The second type is concessional loans from the Regarding measurement and country coverage: Export–Import Bank of China (Chexim) What is measured: The debt referred to above managed by the Preferential Loans Department. is defined as financing that has been disbursed There are two types of loans: (1) concessional by China, minus any principal payments made loans denominated in renminbi funded by the by the borrower. It does not include loan com- government and (2) US-dollar-denominated mitments and undisbursed amounts that are “preferential buyers” credits financed from much larger. Country coverage: Debt owed to Chexim’s own resources. The third, and largest China by the Russian Federation and República type, is non-concessional loans extended by Bolivariana de Venezuela is not included: these policy banks, Chexim, the China Development data are not reported to the DRS. Russian Bank, and the Agricultural Development Bank debt is reported in aggregate forms; China as a of China. Policy banks fund their operations creditor is not identified. Sectoral coverage: (1) through bond issuance in the domestic (CIBM) Public and publicly guaranteed debt. This sector and international capital markets. Loans from included government, public sector entities, and policy banks are denominated in US dollars private sector publicly guaranteed debt. Some and have market interest rates and medium- DRS reporters do not include borrowing by state- term maturities. The fourth type is loans from owned enterprises not guaranteed by the govern- Chinese commercial banks and suppliers ment in external public debt data. This exclusion insured by China’s official export credit agency, in most instances is related to the national legal SINOSURE. External Debt Stocks in 2020 in external debt stocks from 2011 to 2017. This reflects a much slower accumulation of external The combined external debt stocks of low- and private non-guaranteed debt stocks, which aver- middle-income countries rose to $8.7 trillion at aged 3.3 percent per annum in 2018–2020 com- end-2020, driven by an increase in long-term debt. pared to 8.6 percent each year from 2011 to 2017. The total external debt stock of low- and middle- The 2020 increase in external debt stocks resulted income countries rose on average 5.3 percent in from net debt inflows of $435 billion and valuation 2020 to $8.7 trillion. The rate of accumulation in changes in year-on-year exchange rates in relation 2020 was comparable to that in 2018 and 2019, to the U.S. dollar (about half the external debt of but below the annual average increase of 8 percent low- and middle-income countries is denominated 9 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 2 in currencies other than the U.S. dollar). Long-term stock in 2020, 14 percent, driven by a 25 percent external debt rose 7 percent to $6.5 trillion, equiva- increase in short-term debt and 11 percent rise in lent to 75 percent of the total external debt stock, the long-term non-­guaranteed debt of private sector driven by a 10 percent rise in long-term external entities through both bond issuance and borrowing public and publicly guaranteed debt, including obli- from commercial banks. gations to the IMF, and a much smaller 3 percent Looking beyond the major borrowers reveals increase in long-term non-guaranteed external debt close convergence in external debt stock accumu- of private sector entities. The short-term debt stock lation at the regional level in 2020. Viewed from a was unchanged at $2.2 trillion at end-2020. regional perspective, the external debt stock accu- China accounted for over a quarter of the mulation of low- and middle-income countries in end-2020 external debt stock of low- and middle- 2020 appeared divergent, ranging from an average income countries. China’s external debt stock rose increase of 10 percent for countries in the East 11 ­ percent in 2020 to $2.3 trillion, propelled by Asia and Pacific region to less than 1 ­ percent for an 18 percent increase in long-term debt. The long- countries in the Latin America and the Caribbean term external debt stock of China’s public sector region. But top-10 major borrowers dictated borrowers increased by 30 percent to $415 billion at these trends: including China they accounted for end-2020 while the external debt stock of private 68 percent of the end-2020 external debt stocks Chinese entities, without any government guarantee, of low- and middle-income countries. As a result, rose 18 percent from the end-2019 level to $688 the picture changes significantly when major bor- billion. External short-term debt was $1.2 trillion at rowers are excluded. For the other 113 low- and end-2020 and only marginally (2.5 percent) higher middle-income countries included in International than the previous end-year level, reflecting the Debt Statistics 2022 aggregates, there was conver- slowdown in trade volumes induced by the global gence in 2020 in external debt stock accumulation pandemic. However, short-term debt remained by at the regional level. The average rate of external far the most significant component of China’s total debt stock accumulation remained lowest for external debt stock, 53 percent at end-2020, down countries in Latin America and the Caribbean but slightly from 57 percent at end-2019. averaged 8.4 percent when Argentina, Brazil, and China aside, the external debt stocks in 2020 Mexico are excluded. Countries in Sub-Saharan were characterized by a marked divergence between Africa recorded the highest increase in external major borrowers and other low- and middle-income debt stocks in 2020, on average 10.7 percent. In countries. The combined external debt stock of low- East Asia and Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, and middle-income countries, excluding China, and South Asia, the increase in external debt stock rose on average 3.4 percent in 2020 to $6.3 trillion clustered around 9.6 percent, and in the Middle of which the nine major borrowers accounted for East and North Africa region, it was 8.5 percent. 56 percent. Their combined external debt stock was $3.5 trillion at end-2020, relatively unchanged from the prior year. In contrast, the external debt Figure O.3  External Debt Stocks of Low- and stock of other low- and middle-income countries Middle-Income Countries, 2011–20 rose, on average, 9.5 percent to $2.8 trillion. US$ (billion) Reasons for the evolution of major borrowers’ 4,000 3,500 external debt stocks in 2020 were divergent, but 3,000 a common factor was contraction in non-resident 2,500 holdings of domestically issued bonds, including 2,000 in India, Indonesia, and the Russian Federation. 1,500 It was also one of the reasons for the 2.5 percent 1,000 fall in South Africa’s long-term public and publicly 500 0 guaranteed external debt in 2020 in addition to 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 the 19 percent contraction in short-term debt and Short-term Private non-guaranteed 21 percent fall in long-term non-­guaranteed debt of Public and publicly guaranteed (including IMF) the private sector. Thailand was the only major bor- Sources: World Bank Debtor Reporting System and Bank for rower to see a significant increase in external debt International Settlements. 10 O v e r v i e w Figure O.4  Top-10 Low- and Middle-Income Figure O.5  External Debt Stocks by Regions, Borrowers, Excluding China, 2019 and 2020 2018–20 US$ (billion) Percent change 14 Argentina 12 Brazil 10 8 India 6 Indonesia 4 2 Mexico 0 Russian Federation –2 –4 South Africa –6 Thailand ci d l A and be ca ric d ia ric n Pa an Af an Af ara As ib ri fic a an a a ar e si ia tra e th t h C m or as h en p Sa Turkey As ut d nA C uro N E So b- st e E an ti Su dl Ea La id 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 M 2019 2020 2018 2019 2020 Sources: World Bank Debtor Reporting System and Bank for Sources: World Bank Debtor Reporting System and Bank for International Settlements. International Settlements. Several factors drove the 2020 increase in from implementation of large infrastructure proj- debt stocks at the regional level, but inflows from ects. For Pakistan, the 8 percent increase in exter- bondholders and increased support from multi- nal debt stocks reflected the inflow of budgetary lateral institutions were the most significant. In support from official bilateral and multilateral the East Asia and Pacific region, the 18 percent creditors and rollover and new credit lines from rise in the external debt stock of the Philippines commercial banks. In Sub-Saharan Africa, both was driven by the near doubling of inflows from Ghana and Nigeria recorded a 17 percent increase the Asian Development Bank and IBRD and, to in external debt stocks driven by purchases from the a lesser extent, increased Eurobond issuance. IMF of $1 billion and $3.4 billion, respectively, plus Similarly, concessional support from the Asian in Ghana, the $3 billion pre-pandemic Eurobond Development Bank and IDA and increased inflows issue, and for Nigeria, a 16 percent rise in the non- from bilateral creditors were the main drivers of guaranteed debt of the private sector. the 20 percent increase in Myanmar’s external debt stock in 2020. In Europe and Central Asia, the external debt stock of Romania rose 20 per- cent in line with increased Eurobond issuance and Figure O.6  External Debt Stocks by Regions, $4 billion support from the European Union’s Excluding 10 Major Borrowers, 2018–20 temporary Support to Mitigate Unemployment Percent change Risks in an Emergency (SURE) program. In Latin 12 America and the Caribbean, the 12 percent rise in 10 external debt stock for Colombia and 14 percent 8 for Peru reflected increased support from IBRD, 6 sovereign Eurobond issues, and for Colombia a 4 $5.2 billion purchase from the IMF. The external 2 debt stock of the two largest borrowers in the Middle East and North Africa region, the Arab 0 Republic of Egypt and Morocco, rose 14 percent –2 and 19 percent, respectively in 2020 driven pri- ci d l A and be ca ric d ia ric n Pa an Af an Af ara As ib ri fic a an a a ar e si ia tra e th t h marily by sovereign Eurobond issues and for C Am or as h en p Sa As ut C uro N eE So b- n st E an ati Su dl Egypt, a $2.5 billion purchase from the IMF. In Ea L id d M South Asia, the external debt stock of Bangladesh 2018 2019 2020 rose 19 percent driven by a 32 percent rise in pub- Sources: World Bank Debtor Reporting System and Bank for lic sector debt owed to bilateral creditors resulting International Settlements. 11 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 2 External Debt Flows in 2020 equivalent to only 4 percent of net long-term inflows in 2020, compared to 22 percent in 2019 China accounted for over half of net debt inflows to and a far cry from 2011 to 2013 when private non- low- and middle-income countries in 2020. Net debt guaranteed debt accounted for well over half of inflows to low- and middle-income countries rose long-term debt inflows. 9 percent in 2020 to $435 billion with a 13 percent Bondholders and multilateral institutions were rise in long-term debt inflows offset by a steep the source of over 95 percent of long-term debt contraction in short-term debt inflows. They fell inflows to low- and middle-income countries in 43 percent to $16 billion in 2020 from $28 billion in 2020, including or excluding China. Net inflows 2019, paralleling the sharp pandemic-induced slow- from bondholders rose 10 percent in 2020 to down in global trade. The volume and trend of 2020 $280 billion, of which 66 percent were directed to net debt inflows were also dominated and distorted China. Bondholders’ share of net long-term debt by the precipitous rise in net debt flows to China. inflows to low- and middle-income countries in 2020 They rose 62 percent in 2020 to $233 billion, equiv- was 67 percent, virtually unchanged from 2019. The alent to 53 percent of net debt inflows to low- and most significant shift in the creditor composition of middle-income countries, propelled by a 28 percent debt inflows in 2020 was the surge in inflows from increase in long-term debt inflows and change in multilateral institutions. They more than doubled in direction of short-term flows, to an inflow of $31 bil- 2020 to $116 billion, raising their share of long-term lion in 2020 from an outflow of $14 billion in 2019. inflows to 28 percent, from 16 percent in 2019 and The volume and borrower composition of 2020 offsetting the 80 percent drop in inflows from com- debt inflows to low- and middle-income countries mercial banks and other private creditors. Inflows looks very different when China is excluded. Debt from bilateral creditors also rose sharply, 97 percent, inflows fell 21 percent in 2020 to $202 billion, the in 2020 to $12.4, billion, but as a share of long-term lowest level since 2016 primarily because of the debt inflows they were small, 3 percent. If China is reversal of short-term debt flows from an inflow of excluded, then net long-term debt inflows to low- $41 billion in 2019 to an outflow of $15 billion in and middle-income countries fall to $217 billion, 2020. Long-term debt inflows were $217 billion in of which 98 percent still come from bondholders 2020, almost identical to their prior-year level, but and multilateral institutions, but the composition the trajectory of long-term debt inflows of public changes. The share of inflows from multilateral insti- and publicly guaranteed and private non-guaranteed tutions rises to 53 percent, and bondholders’ share debt was divergent. Net inflows of long-term public falls to 44 percent with bilateral creditors accounting and publicly guaranteed debt rose 24 percent to for the remaining 6 percent. Flows from commercial $210 billion, whereas private non-guaranteed debt banks and other private creditors were negative with inflows dropped to $7 billion, close to one-sixth an outflow of $8.6 billion. the level of comparable inflows in 2019. This was The volume and creditor composition of net long-term debt inflows to public and publicly guar- anteed borrowers diverged at the regional level. Figure O.7  Net Long-Term External Debt Flows by Countries in Latin America and the Caribbean Borrower Composition, Excluding China, 2011–20 accounted for the largest share of the $210 billion US$ (billion) 450 in net long-term debt inflows to low- and middle- 400 income countries in 2020, followed by Sub-Saharan 350 Africa and Europe and Central Asia. Inflows to 300 Latin America and the Caribbean were $79.6 bil- 250 lion, equivalent to 38 percent of total long-term 200 debt inflows and over double the combined inflows 150 100 to the Sub-Saharan Africa region, $33 billion, 50 and Europe and Central Asia, $32 billion, equiva- 0 lent to 16 percent and 15 percent, respectively, 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 of total inflows. Regarding the composition of Public and publicly guaranteed (including IMF) Private non-guaranteed inflows, 64 percent of inflows to Latin American Source: World Bank Debtor Reporting System. and Caribbean countries were from bondholders 12 O v e r v i e w Figure O.8  Net Long-Term External Debt Flows by for 30 percent of 2020 net inflows to low- and Creditor Type, 2011–20 middle-income countries from all creditors. In US$ (billion) 2019, official creditors’ share of net inflows was 350 16 percent. Inflows from bilateral and multilateral 300 creditors both doubled in 2020 to $129 billion, but 250 multilateral creditors accounted for the lion’s share, 90 percent. Total inflows from multilateral credi- 200 tors were $116 billion in 2020 up from $58 billion 150 in 2019. Inflows from the IMF rose to $47 billion 100 from $22 billion in 2019. Inflows from the World Bank (IBRD and IDA) rose to $27 billion in 2020, 50 42 percent higher than the comparable figure for 0 2019. Other multilateral institutions, led by the 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 African Development Bank, the Asian Development Official bilateral creditors Bank, and the Inter-American Development Official multilateral creditors (including IMF) Bondholders Bank, also ramped up lending in 2020 and tripled Banks and other private entities collective inflows to $43 billion in 2020 from ­ $17 billion in 2019. Source: World Bank Debtor Reporting System. Figure O.9  Net Long-Term External Debt Flows by Figure O.10  Long-Term Debt Inflows to Public and Creditor Type, Excluding China, 2011–20 Publicly Guaranteed Borrowers by Regions, 2020 US$ (billion) US$ (billion) 250 100 80 200 60 150 40 100 20 0 50 –20 0 C exc d l A and be ca ric d ia ric n an Af an Af ara As ib ri hi l. a an a a ar e si ci sia tra e th t h C m or as h na en p –50 Sa ut d nA C uro Pa st A N E So b- fic e E an ti Su 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 dl Ea La id M Official bilateral creditors Bilateral creditors Multilateral creditors Official multilateral creditors (including IMF) Bondholders Other private creditors Bondholders Banks and other private entities Source: World Bank Debtor Reporting System. Source: World Bank Debtor Reporting System. Figure O.11  Net Long-Term Inflows from Official Creditors, 2011–20 and other private creditors and 37 percent from US$ (billion) multilateral institutions, principally the IMF, the 140 Inter-American Development Bank, and the IBRD. 120 Conversely, 92 percent of inflows to Sub-Saharan 100 Africa were from multilateral institutions and the 80 60 remaining 10 percent from bilateral creditors. In the 40 South Asia region, official bilateral and multilateral 20 creditors accounted for all inflows in 2020 as flows 0 from private creditors to the region were negative. –20 Net inflows from official creditors doubled in –40 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2020 to $129 billion, the highest level for a decade Bilateral creditors World Bank (IBRD and IDA) driven by the surge in lending from multilateral IMF Other multilateral institutions. Net inflows from official creditors, Sources: World Bank Debtor Reporting System and International bilateral and multilateral combined, accounted Monetary Fund. 13 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 2 Box O.2  International Bond Issuance in 2020 Bond issuance by low- and middle-income coun- high number of credit rating downgrades in 2020, tries reached an all-time high in 2020, but China notably in countries rated below investment accounted for close to half. Bond issuance in grade. Downgrades stemmed from worsened international markets by low- and middle-income macroeconomic outlooks due to the fiscal costs countries rose to $457 billion in 2020, an increase and broader impact of the pandemic. of 14 percent over the comparable figure for 2019 Bond issuances to countries in Latin America and surpassing the previous 2017 record high of and the Caribbean rose in 2020, 16 percent, to $400 billion. The driving force was the surge in $104 billion, but little changed in terms of share new issuance by China, which rose 64 percent to of issuance by public and private sector entities. $218 billion, equivalent to 48 percent of the com- Mexico’s bond issuance by public and private bined bonds issued by low- and middle-income entities was $43.8 billion in 2020, the same countries in 2020.1 This increase was primarily amount as in 2019, and equivalent to 42 percent because of the sharp expansion of non-resident of the regional issuance in 2020. Peru, one of the investors’ holdings of Chinese renminbi bonds, but countries hardest hit by the pandemic, raised a 2020 almost marked the first time China issued total of $7 billion in international capital markets US-dollar- and euro-denominated bonds in inter- in 2020, compared to $750 million in 2019. national markets. Issuance by Chinese entities in Sovereign issues from Colombia rose 177 percent 2020 was divided equally between public and pri- to $8.3 billion and doubled in the Dominican vate sector entities with the former rising 80 per- Republic to $8.4 billion. Private sector entities cent from the 2019 level to $109 billion and the in the region issued $26.8 billion in 2020, of latter by 52 percent, but also totaling $109 billion. which 75 percent was issuance by high-yielding Bond issuance by low- and middle-income corporates in Brazil and Mexico. countries, excluding China, fell 11 percent in In Europe and Central Asia, bond issuance 2020 to $239 billion. Most of the downturn was fell 8 percent in 2020 with issuance by both accounted for by countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, public and private sector entities registering a which fell almost 74 percent in 2020 to $6.5 decrease, 7 percent and 12 percent, respectively. billion. Several countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, The region’s three largest issuers, the Russian including Angola, Benin, Côte d’Ivoire, Gabon, Federation, Romania, and Turkey, accounted Ghana Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa, had for almost 80 percent of issuance by sovereigns signaled an intent to tap international markets in and public sector entities. Issuance by Russia 2020, but only Gabon and Ghana managed to contracted 42 percent due to a drop in non- issue bonds prior to the pandemic. After the global resident purchases but was largely offset by lockdown in March 2020, the market effectively Romania with significant increases in Eurobond closed to Sub-Saharan African borrowers, issuance, $13.3 billion in 2020 from $5.6 billion with investor reluctance in regard to the region in 2019. Several other sovereigns across the region heightened by the worsening outlook for growth also issued in international capital markets in and public finance caused by the pandemic. The 2020 including Albania, Belarus, and Ukraine. JP Morgan Emerging Market Bond Index (EMBI) Issuance by private sector entities in Russia also Global spread for African issuers spiked to more fell but was partially offset by the $1.3 billion in than 1,000 basis points (bp) in late March, from issuances by private corporates in Belarus. an average of 469 bp in February, rendering new The downturn in issuance by countries in issuance prohibitively expensive, but fell back to the Middle East and North Africa region in 2020 about 600 bp by late November 2020. reflected the economic and financial crisis in In other regions outcomes were mixed. The Lebanon, which forced the country into its first pandemic complicated access to capital markets Eurobond default in April 2020. The 20 percent for most borrowers at the onset of the pandemic, fall in issuance by countries in the East Asia but access gradually improved after the initial and Pacific region, excluding China, was largely stage of the shock, though there were an unusually attributable to Indonesia. It was one of the first countries to come back to the market after the global lockdown, with the $4.3 billion sovereign 1 Excluding bonds subject to the Argentina, Belize, and Eurobond “pandemic bond” in April 2020. But Ecuador bond exchanges. overall issuance in 2020 fell to $19.2 billion from 14 O v e r v i e w Box O.2  International Bond Issuance in 2020 (Continued) $26.4 billion in 2019 due to a slowdown in non- first sovereign bond linked to the sustainable resident investors’ purchases of bonds issued in development objectives of the United Nations. the domestic market. The fall in bond issuance Peru’s $4 billion Eurobond issue in November 2020 by India, the only market participant in the South to help finance costs of the pandemic included a Asia region in 2020, was also due largely to a $1 billion “century” tranche with a 3.23 percent fall in non-resident investor purchase of domestic coupon repayable in 2121. Côte d’Ivoire’s €1 billion bond issues. In contrast issuance by Indian private 12-year Eurobond issue in November 2020 marked sector entities rose 35 percent to $9.7 billion. the return of a Debt Service Suspension Initiative Despite the pandemic 2020 saw some (DSSI) participant to the market. Other DSSI- innovations in bond issuance and some bond eligible countries to issue bonds in international exchanges. Ghana’s $3 billion pre-COVID-19 markets in 2020 (Ghana, Honduras, Mongolia, sovereign Eurobond issue in February 2020 was a and Uzbekistan) are not participating in DSSI. landmark as the first Sub-Saharan African country’s Argentina and Ecuador successfully completed issue of a 20-year bond ($750 million—percent bond exchanges in 2020. Ecuador’s $17.4 billion tranche) and Ghana’s lowest coupon rate to date, exchange had a 98 percent participation rate, 6.375 percent on the $1.25 billion 6-year tranche. extended maturities by an average of 10 years, and $523 million was used to buy back part of prior substantially reduced coupons. After protracted bond issues. Mexico’s $750 million 7-year 1.350 negotiation, Argentina exchanged about $65 billion percent Eurobond in September 2021 was the with close to 99 percent participation. Table BO.2.1 Bond Issuance by Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2019–20 US$ (billion) Public issuers Corporate issuers All issuers   2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 East Asia and Pacific 94.7 135.4 81.8 117.5 176.5 252.9 of which: China 60.7 108.8 71.6 108.7 132.3 217.4 Europe and Central Asia 56.8 53.0 17.9 15.7 74.6 68.7 Latin America and the Caribbean 65.2 78.2 25.2 26.8 90.4 105.0 Middle East and North Africa 13.3 11.1 0.0 0.0 13.3 11.1 South Asia 12.9 3.3 7.2 9.7 20.1 13.0 Sub-Saharan Africa 22.3 5.3 2.3 1.2 24.6 6.5 Low- and middle-income countries 265.2 286.2 134.4 170.9 399.6 457.1 Source: World Bank Debtor Reporting System. IDA Borrowers Eligible for the DSSI2— increased share of borrowing on non-concessional External Debt Stocks and Flows terms had raised concerns about debt vulnerabilities prior to the onset of the crisis. These vulnerabilities The rapid rise in external borrowing by low-income exacerbated sharply in 2020. Half of IDA coun- IDA-eligible countries over the past decade and tries applying the Low-Income Debt Sustainability Analysis (LIC-DSA) in 2020 were assessed as being at high risk of debt distress or in debt distress, com- 2 Eligibility for the DSSI is reserved to countries eligible to pared to 23 percent in 2013. borrow from IDA at the time the initiative was endorsed The Debt Service Suspension Initiative was in April 2020 and countries on the United Nations list of Least Developed Countries. The following IDA borrowers launched by G-20 countries in April 2020 to are not eligible for the DSSI: Eritrea, Sudan, the Syrian Arab assist the poorest and most vulnerable low- and Republic, and Zimbabwe. ­ middle-income countries in managing the adverse 15 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 2 impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. It offered billion at end-2020, an increase of 14 percent 73 IDA-eligible and least developed countries a from the 2019 level and 133 percent higher than temporary suspension of debt-service payments the comparable figure in 2011. Debt owed to owed to official bilateral creditors. The sus- multilateral creditors, including the IMF, rose 22 pension period was originally set for payments percent to $295 billion, equivalent to almost half falling due from May 1 to December 31, 2020, of DSSI-eligible countries’ 2020 long-term exter- but was subsequently extended to end-December nal public and publicly guaranteed debt stocks. 2021. Debt owed to bilateral creditors rose 9 percent The external debt stock of DSSI-eligible to $202 billion, bringing the combined share countries accumulated at the same rate as China of debt stocks owed to official creditors to 80 in 2020 and faster than other low- and middle- percent. Over the past decade the rise in public income countries. The combined external debt and publicly guaranteed external debt of DSSI- stock of DSSI-eligible countries rose on average eligible countries was accompanied by rapid 12 percent in 2020 to $860 billion, equivalent on increase in market-based financing. In 2020, average to 38.8 percent of their combined GNI debt owed to private creditors rose 8 percent to (measured in nominal terms) and 217.5 percent $122 billion, but the share of end-2020 long-term of export earnings. Long-term public and pub- external debt stocks declined to 20 percent from licly guaranteed external debt stock, including 21 ­percent in 2019. the use of IMF credit, rose 14 percent in 2020 to There was wide divergence in the rate at $618 billion. Long-term private non-guaranteed which external debt accumulated in individual external debt and short-term debt increased DSSI-eligible countries, including the group’s larg- 6 percent to $176 billion and $65 billion, respec- est borrowers. The combined external debt stock tively. The pace at which external debt stocks of of the 10 largest DSSI-eligible borrowers (Angola, DSSI-eligible countries increased in 2020 was Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mongolia, comparable to that of China, and end-2020 Nigeria, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, and Zambia) was external debt stocks of DSSI-eligible countries $509 billion at end-2020, 12 percent higher than were two and half times higher than the level at the comparable figure at end-2019 and equivalent the start of the decade. to 59 percent of the external debt obligations of Debt owed to multilateral creditors increased all DSSI-eligible countries combined. They also by 22 percent in 2020 and accounted for almost accounted for 65 percent of the end-2020 private half of long-term external public debt stocks. The non-guaranteed external debt of DSSI-eligible combined long-term external debt stock of public countries. The rate at which debt accumulated and publicly guaranteed borrowers rose to $618 in individual countries varied considerably, from Figure O.13  DSSI-Eligible Countries’ Long-Term Figure O.12  External Debt Stock of DSSI-Eligible Public and Publicly Guaranteed External Debt by Countries, 2011–20 Creditor Type, 2011–20 US$ (billion) US$ (billion) 700 700 600 600 500 400 500 300 400 200 300 100 200 0 100 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2015 2017 2018 2019 2020 0 Public and publicly guaranteed (including IMF) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Private non-guaranteed Bilateral creditors Multilateral creditors (including IMF) Short-term debt Bondholders Other private creditors Sources: World Bank Debtor Reporting System and Bank for Sources: World Bank Debtor Reporting System and Bank for International Settlements. International Settlements. 16 O v e r v i e w Figure O.14  External Debt Stock of Top-10 DSSI- Figure O.15  DSSI-Eligible Countries Where Total Eligible Borrowers, 2019–20 External Debt Rose 20 Percent or More from US$ (billion) 2019 to 2020 Percent change Pakistan Uzbekistan Nigeria Guinea Benin Bangladesh Guinea-Bissau Angola Kosovo Niger Kenya Maldives Mongolia Togo Côte d'Ivoire Uzbekistan Rwanda Grenada Ghana Uganda Ethiopia Solomon Islands Burkina Faso Zambia Nepal 0 20 40 60 80 100 Malawi 2019 Short-term+Private non-guaranteed Myanmar 2020 Short-term+Private non-guaranteed 0 10 20 30 40 50 2019 Public and publicly guaranteed+IMF 2020 Public and publicly guaranteed+IMF Sources: World Bank Debtor Reporting System and International Monetary Fund. Sources: World Bank Debtor Reporting System and Bank for International Settlements. 4 percent in Angola to 19 percent in Bangladesh. (Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Kosovo, Myanmar, Similarly, the public and publicly guaranteed Niger, and the Solomon Islands). Reasons for debt for the group as a whole rose 10 percent in the increase varied and included IMF purchases 2020 to $356 billion but for individual countries and World Bank disbursements (Côte d’Ivoire, the increase ranged from less than 2 percent for Kosovo, Maldives, Nepal, Togo), inflows from Guyana to 36 percent for Uzbekistan. Countries private creditors (Guinea, Togo, Uganda), higher with more moderate increases in public and short-term debt inflows (Grenada, Malawi, publicly guaranteed debt included Ethiopia and Uzbekistan), and Eurobond issuance (Côte Tanzania, 7 percent and 4 percent, respectively, d’Ivoire, Ghana, Mongolia, Uzbekistan). and at the higher end of the range, Bangladesh Multilateral creditors provided 60 percent 20 percent, Mongolia 17 percent, and Ghana 19 of net long-term external debt inflows to DSSI- percent. eligible countries. Net long-term debt inflows to In 17 DSSI-eligible countries external debt DSSI-eligible countries rose 25 percent in 2020 stocks increased by 20 percent or more in 2020. to $71 billion from $57 billion in 2019 to the DSSI-eligible countries reported an accelerated highest level of the past decade. This increase debt accumulation in 2020, but the factors that was driven by the extraordinary level of support drove the increase in external debt are diverse. provided to the world’s poorest countries by The group includes two countries classified as multilateral institutions led by the IMF and the IDA-blend and creditworthy for some IBRD World Bank. Net inflows from multilateral insti- financing (Grenada and Uzbekistan), six that tutions to DSSI-eligible countries rose 74 percent have issued Eurobonds in international capital in 2020 to $42 billion, equivalent to 60 percent markets (Benin, Côte d’Ivoire, Grenada, Maldives, of 2020 net debt inflows of external public and Rwanda, and Uzbekistan), and six on the fiscal publicly guaranteed debt from all creditors. The year 2022 (FY22) classified list of fragile states IMF and World Bank combined accounted for 17 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 2 Figure O.16  DSSI-Eligible Countries’ Net Long- Figure O.17  DSSI-Eligible Countries’ Total Debt Term Inflows of Public and Publicly Guaranteed Service Paid to Creditors, 2020 Debt by Creditor Type, 2011–20 US$ billion US$ (billion) 50 45 80 40 70 35 60 30 25 50 20 40 15 10 30 5 20 0 10 rs F al s rs nk F) er IM er ito to M Ba ld 0 at di .I ed ho re til ld cl cr ul nd in 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 or lc rm l( e W ra Bo at ta te e iv To th la Bilateral creditors Multilateral creditors (including IMF) pr O Bi er th Bondholders Other private creditors O Source: World Bank Debtor Reporting System. Source: World Bank Debtor Reporting System. 70 percent of the 2020 inflows from multilateral Development Bank (8 percent), and African institutions. Inflows from bilateral creditors fell Development Bank (6 percent). Reforms to 19 percent to $10 billion, from $12.5 billion the IMF Catastrophe Containment and Relief in 2019. The inflows from bondholders fell to Fund (CCRT) in March 2020 enabled 29 of the $4 billion, close to half the 2019 level, and the world’s poorest countries to receive $488 mil- decrease was due to tightening of market con- lion in grants to offset 2020 debt-service pay- ditions in 2020, which raised borrowing costs ments made to the IMF (box O.3). and limited market access for most DSSI-eligible The DSSI offered 73 IDA-eligible and least countries. Net inflows from other private credi- developed countries a temporary suspension of tors rose 15 percent in 2020 to $14 billion but debt-service payments owed to official bilateral were highly concentrated and also reflected roll- creditors. As of September 2021, 48 countries overs and extension of new credits by commercial were participating in the DSSI. Other eligible bank loans to Pakistan in the context of the IMF countries chose not to participate for various program. reasons. Countries with market access, like In 2020, DSSI-eligible countries expended Ghana and Nigeria, had concerns about future $45.2 billion to service external public and access and credit-rating downgrades. For Benin public guaranteed debt. The combined debt and some small island nations, eligible debt service paid by DSSI-eligible countries in 2020 service was negligible or non-existent, and on external public and publicly guaranteed countries like Bangladesh preferred to retain debt, including the IMF, totaled $45.2 billion, their track record of debt servicing. Under this of which principal accounted for $31.1 billion initiative debt-service payments are deferred and interest for $14.1 billion. The 2020 debt and repaid over 4–6 years after a 1-year grace service comprised $26.4 billion (58 percent) period. paid to official bilateral and multilateral credi- In 2020, DSSI-participating countries paid tors and $18.8 billion (42 percent) to private $30 billion in debt service on external public and creditors, that is, bondholders, commercial publicly guaranteed debt. Of this, $10 billion, banks, and other private entities. Payments to equivalent to 30 percent of the total paid, was to the World Bank and the IMF were $2.9 billion bilateral creditors. Participating countries report- and $3.9 billion, respectively, and together they ing to the World Bank DRS recorded $3.5 billion accounted for 49 percent of 2020 debt service in debt-service payments due to bilateral credi- paid to multilateral creditors, followed by the tors in 2020 that had been deferred. This figure Asian Development Bank (18 percent), Islamic includes deferrals agreed with G-20 creditors 18 O v e r v i e w Figure O.18  DSSI-Participating Countries: Debt interest payments that have been capitalized Service Paid and Deferred in 2020 and added to debt stocks in line with the com- US$ (billion) mon term sheet adopted for the initiative, which 12 defines the standstill in payments as net pres- 10 ent value neutral. Many DRS reporters signaled 8 that agreements on deferral had been reached 6 with G-20 creditors, that administrative steps 4 to identify precise amounts deferred were still ongoing, and that data reported were prelimi­nary 2 estimates. 0 With reference to the amount of debt Interest Principal Bilateral deferred, countries like Kenya did not request Debt service deferred Debt service paid participation in the initiative until 2021 and G-20 creditors (incl. EU) All bilateral creditors paid all 2020 debt service due to bilateral Source: World Bank Debtor Reporting System. creditors. Australia and Papua New Guinea agreed on a refinancing operation instead of a deferral, and the estimated $357 million defer- and non-G-20 bilateral creditors, notably Kuwait ral, by Paris Club creditors for the Republic of and the United Arab Emirates, participating in Yemen is not included. The Republic of Yemen, the initiative on comparable terms. Debt service a country in conflict, did not report to the DRS deferred in 2020 included $0.7 billion in deferred in 2020. Box O.3  The IMF Catastrophe and Containment Relief Trust The International Monetary Fund (IMF) The IMF Executive Board has approved three Catastrophe Containment and Relief Trust (CCRT) grant tranches from the CCRT totaling Special was created in February 2015, through a transfor- Drawing Rights (SDRs) 520 million (US$727 mation of the Post-Catastrophe Debt Relief Trust, million) covering debt-service payments by eligible to broaden the range of situations covered by IMF countries falling due from April 14, 2020, to disaster assistance to include fast-spreading epidem- October 15, 2021. The CCRT is financed by ics. In March 2020, reforms were adopted that contributions from bilateral donors including enabled the Fund to provide immediate debt-service middle-income countries, notably Bulgaria, relief for its poorest and most vulnerable members China, Mexico, and the Philippines. affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and any The data presented in International Debt future pandemics.  Statistics 2022 do not reflect CCRT grants. The CCRT provides grants to eligible CCRT assistance to eligible countries offsets countries to pay debt service owed to the IMF and the cost of debt service falling due during the free up resources to meet exceptional balance of prescribed period but does not reduce debt-service payments needs created by the disaster. Eligibility payments to the IMF, which remain due in full on for assistance through the CCRT is reserved for the original due dates. Consistent with this, the countries eligible for concessional borrowing data presented in International Debt Statistics from the IMF Poverty Reduction and Growth 2022 show total debt service paid to the IMF in Trust and whose per capita income is below the 2020. To assist users, Table BO.3.1 separates out International Development Association’s (IDA) debt service paid to the IMF by CCRT-eligible operational cutoff (US$1,405 for FY22) or, countries in 2020 that was offset by a debt relief for small states with a population of less than grant from the CCRT. Aid statistics such as those 1.5 million, per capita income below twice the compiled by the Organisation for Economic Co- IDA cutoff (US$2,810 for FY22). Currently 29 operation and Development will capture both the countries qualify for assistance from the CCRT. debt-service payment and the debt relief grant. 19 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 2 Box O.3  The IMF Catastrophe and Containment Relief Fund (Continued) Table BO.3.1  CCRT-Eligible Countries’ IMF Debt Service Paid and Offset, 2020 US$ (thousands) Debt-Service PRGT Loans Paid Paid and Offset Country 2020 January 1–April 14, 2020 April 15–December 31, 2020 Afghanistan 9,145.0 2,458.6 6,686.4 Benin 25,125.0 5,911.4 19,213.6 Burkina Faso 28,572.0 2,058.3 26,513.7 Burundi 22,025.0 7,793.0 14,232.0 Central African Republic 10,368.6 2,177.7 8,190.9 Chad 2,782.0 0.0 2,782.0 Comoros 2,821.0 434.0 2,387.0 Congo, Dem. Rep. 48,263.0 13,789.4 34,473.6 Djibouti 6,201.0 1,486.9 4,714.1 Ethiopia 16,763.0 0.0 16,763.0 Gambia, The 6,451.0 602.8 5,848.2 Guinea 59,573.0 13,960.8 45,612.2 Guinea-Bissau 3,402.0 0.0 3,402.0 Haiti 15,444.0 4,297.2 11,146.8 Liberia 39,585.0 7,793.3 31,791.7 Madagascar 8,512.0 0.0 8,512.0 Malawi 24,658.0 4,593.9 20,064.1 Mali 23,961.0 3,343.4 20,617.6 Mozambique 28,353.0 0.0 28,353.0 Nepal 8,939.0 0.0 8,939.0 Niger 22,458.0 6,743.9 15,714.1 Rwanda 27,896.0 0.0 27,896.0 São Tomé and Príncipe 500.1 103.0 397.1 Sierra Leone 42,188.0 6,546.1 35,641.9 Solomon Islands 227.0 41.3 185.7 Tajikistan 19,993.3 1,817.2 18,176.1 Tanzania 37,412.0 11,547.1 25,864.9 Togo 11,646.0 3,218.0 8,428.0 Yemen, Rep. 47,027.0 11,637.6 35,389.4 TOTAL 600,291.0 112,397.4 487,893.6 Source: International Monetary Fund. Debt Indicators 2011–2020 debt to exports to an average of 123 percent in 2020 from 106 percent in 2019. Moreover, these External borrowing to counter the impact of the ratios include China, which accounted for 49 global pandemic led to a worsening of debt indi- percent of the combined GNI of low- and middle- cators for low- and middle-income countries in income countries in 2020 and 42 percent of 2020. The ratio of external debt to GNI averaged exports. And China’s external debt is low relative 29 percent at end-2020 compared to an average to both GNI, 16 percent, and to exports, 79 per- of 27 percent in 2019. This was the result of a cent, at end-2020. For low- and middle-income 5.7 percent increase in external stocks and a 3.7 countries, excluding China, the ratio of external percent fall in GNI. Similarly, an 8.6 percent fall debt to GNI rose to an average of 42 percent in in export earnings raised the ratio of external 2020, a 4.9 percentage point increase from 2019, 20 O v e r v i e w and the external debt-to-exports ratio rose to 154 Figure O.19  Countries with 2020 Debt-to-GNI percent, from 126 percent at end-2019. The GNI Ratios of 100 Percent or Above of low- and middle-income countries, excluding Percent China, fell on average 9 percent in 2020, and Mongolia exports declined by 15 percent. Panama All regions were impacted by the worsening of Lebanon Montenegro debt indicators in 2020. External debt ratios have Zambia deteriorated over the past decade, but this trend Mauritius was exacerbated by the global pandemic when the Mozambique pace of external debt accumulation outstripped Jamaica growth in most low- and middle-income coun- Georgia tries. Many also experienced a sharp fall in export Bhutan earnings. This impact has been felt by both the Cabo Verde poorer IDA countries and middle-income market- Kyrgyz Republic based borrowers as the rise in debt-to-GNI and Angola debt-to-export ratios in all regions clearly shows. Tunisia Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have seen the Kazakhstan most pronounced deterioration in debt indicators: Armenia the ratio of debt to GNI rose from an average of 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 23.4 percent in 2011 to 43.7 percent in 2020, and Sources: World Bank Debtor Reporting System and International the average debt-to-export ratio tripled over the Monetary Fund. same period to 212.3 percent in 2020. As the regional figures show, the ratio of external debt stocks to GNI for borrower countries were 16 countries (including 2 countries that has risen sharply in the past decade in many low- benefited from Heavily Indebted Poor Countries and middle-income countries. In 2011, 50 percent [HIPC] and Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative of all low- and middle-income countries had an [MDRI] debt relief, Mozambique and Zambia) external debt-to-GNI ratio at or below 30 percent. that had a debt-to-GNI ratio above 100 percent. By 2020, the picture was very different. The The ratio of external debt stock to export percentage of low- and middle-income countries earnings also increased sharply. At end-2011, where the external debt-to-GNI ratio was below 42 percent of low- and middle-income countries 30 percent had fallen to 19 percent. Over the same had an external debt-to-export ratio at or below period the percentage of countries where the debt- 100 percent, as compared to only 15 percent of to-GNI ratio surpassed 100 percent tripled from countries with the comparable ratio in 2020. 4 percent to 14 percent. Within these parameters, By 2020, the debt-to-export ratio exceeded country-specific indicators vary, but in 2020, there 250 percent in 37 percent of countries, a sevenfold Table O.2  Debt Ratios to GNI and Exports by Region, 2011, 2019, and 2020 Percent   Debt-to-GNI Debt-to-Exports   2011 2019 2020 2011 2019 2020 East Asia and Pacific, excluding China 29.0 36.1 40.8 72.4 87.3 105.4 Europe and Central Asia 38.3 46.7 51.9 113.7 124.9 155.8 Latin America and the Caribbean 22.4 40.8 49.0 108.3 160.1 186.4 Middle East and North Africa 14.4 32.5 37.5 50.0 116.5 183.6 South Asia 20.3 22.1 24.4 85.4 116.9 137.0 South Asia, excluding India 27.5 31.2 34.0 153.3 215.9 288.2 Sub-Saharan Africa 23.4 39.6 43.7 70.1 155.6 205.1 Low- and middle-income, excluding China 26.1 36.6 41.5 92.1 126.3 153.9 Sources: World Bank Debtor Reporting System and International Monetary Fund. 21 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 2 Figure O.20  Distribution of Low- and Middle- Figure O.22  Distribution of DSSI-Eligible Income Countries by External Debt-to-GNI Ratio, Countries by External Debt-to-GNI Ratio, 2011 and 2020 2011 and 2020 Number of countries Number of countries 70 40 60 35 30 50 25 40 20 30 15 20 10 10 5 0 0 Below 30% 30–40% 40–60% 60–100% Above 100% Below 30% 30–40% 40–60% 60–100% Above 100% 2011 2020 2011 2020 Sources: World Bank Debtor Reporting System and International Sources: World Bank Debtor Reporting System and International Monetary Fund. Monetary Fund. increase from 2011 when only 5 percent of coun- DSSI-eligible countries with a debt-to-GNI ratio tries had a ratio that exceeded 250 percent. that exceeded 100 percent rose from 1 in 2011 to For DSSI-eligible countries the increase in 7 by 2020. external debt stocks in relation to both GNI and It was a similar picture for external debt in exports over the past decade was pronounced. In relation to exports. In 2011, 44 DSSI-eligible coun- 2011, 38 DSSI-eligible countries had an external tries had an external debt-to-export ratio at or debt-to-GNI ratio at or below 30 percent and in below 150 percent. In contrast only 9 DSSI-eligible 58 countries it was at or below 60 percent. By countries had a comparable ratio at end-2020. 2020, the debt-to-GNI ratio was below 30 percent Over the same period the number of DSSI-eligible in only 15 DSSI-eligible countries and at or below countries with a debt-to-export ratio above 250 60 percent in 44. Over the same period number of percent quadrupled from 4 in 2011 to 21 in 2020. Figure O.21  Distribution of Low- and Middle- Figure O.23  Distribution of DSSI-Eligible Income Countries by External Debt-to-Exports Countries by External Debt-to-Exports Ratio, Ratio, 2011 and 2020 2011 and 2020 Number of countries Number of countries 60 35 50 30 25 40 20 30 15 20 10 10 5 0 0 Below 100% 100–150% 150–200% 200–250% Above 250% Below 100% 100–150% 150–200% 200–250% Above 250% 2011 2020 2011 2020 Sources: World Bank Debtor Reporting System and International Sources: World Bank Debtor Reporting System and International Monetary Fund. Monetary Fund. 22 O v e r v i e w Box O.4  The Use of the Ratios Debt-to-GDP versus Debt-to-GNI Gross domestic product (GDP) and gross national annual income classification published by the income (GNI) measure a country’s economic World Bank: the International Development activity, but what they measure differs slightly. For Association operational cutoff ($1,205 per most countries the difference between GDP and capita for FY22) and the International Bank GNI is minimal. GDP counts only income received for Reconstruction and Development and from domestic sources, whereas GNI also includes International Development Association lending net primary income received from abroad. GDP terms (interest rate and maturity) for specified is linked to the concept of production, in which borrowers. International Debt Statistics follows value added is generated, while GNI is a concept this convention and provides users with GNI of income. The difference between the GNI and data for each reporting country and the relevant GDP is equal to the difference of primary income external debt stock and debt service to GNI receivable from nonresidents and primary income ratios. The IMF uses the concept of GDP payable to nonresidents, often described as “net in Article IV consultation reports and Fund income from abroad.” programs to measure macroeconomic outcomes. The World Bank favors the use of GNI The practice is carried forward to the joint for operational purposes. Member countries’ Bank-Fund Debt Sustainability Analysis (DSA), relative poverty is measured in relation to GNI and debt stocks and debt service are measured in per capita, and this measure underpins the relation to GDP. Equity Flows in 2020 The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on FDI flows in 2020. Lockdowns around Equity flows in 2020 fell to the lowest level in a the world slowed existing investment projects, decade with both FDI and portfolio equity flows and the prospects of a global recession deterred disrupted by the impact of the global pandemic. investors and led multinational entities to reassess Net equity inflows to low- and middle-income the viability of new projects. The fall was heavily countries fell 15 percent in 2020 to $473 billion skewed towards developed economies, but the with FDI inflows falling 14 percent to $434 bil- downturn was global. FDI inflows to low- and lion and portfolio equity inflows’ declining by 19 middle-income countries combined fell, on aver- percent to $39 billion. This was equity inflows’ age, 14 percent in 2020 to $434 billion, the lowest lowest level in a decade, with 2020 inflows 17 level in a decade. percent below the average annual net inflow in 2011–2019 of $571 billion. Net equity inflows Figure O.24  Net Equity Inflows to Low- and Middle- are an important element of aggregate financial Income Countries, 2011–20 flows to low- and middle-income countries and US$ (billion) have typically accounted for over half of annual 700 aggregate flows (debt and equity combined) and 600 a much higher share in years when debt flows 500 fell sharply or, as in 2015, were negative. Despite 400 the downturn in 2020, equity flows accounted 300 for 52 percent of the combined debt and equity 200 inflows to low- and middle-income countries. 100 Most equity flows are composed of FDI, on aver- 0 age 91 percent per annum since 2011, and only 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 a handful of low- and middle-income countries FDI Portfolio equity benefit from portfolio equity flows to any signifi- Sources: International Monetary Fund and United Nations cant degree. Conference on Trade and Development. 23 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 2 In 2020 China and India accounted for more region fell, on average, 32 percent. In the Middle than half of all FDI inflows to low- and middle- East and North Africa region, FDI inflows fell on income countries. Inflows to China, the world’s average 16 percent to $14.3 billion, and again the second-largest FDI recipient after the United States, downturn impacted most countries in the region. rose 5 percent in 2020 to $170 billion, raising its FDI inflows to the East Asia and Pacific region share of the combined FDI inflows to low- and mid- fell on average 4.4 percent in 2020 to $206 billion, dle-income countries to 39 percent, its highest level but this was driven by a rise in inflow to China since 2015. In India, the second-­largest FDI recipi- that accounted for 83 percent of FDI inflows ent among low- and middle-income countries, FDI to the region in 2020. Inflows to other countries inflows increased 38 percent to $60 billion, reflect- in the region fell, on average, 32.5 percent in 2020 ing further relaxation of barriers to foreign invest- to $36 billion. FDI inflows to China increased ment. Together China and India accounted for 53 5 percent in 2020 to $170 billion. This reflected percent of FDI inflows to low- and middle-income containment of the pandemic and economic recov- countries in 2020. In contrast, FDI inflows to other ery in the second quarter of 2020 and removal of major recipients, Brazil and Russia, fell 36 percent investment barriers. The government expanded and 56 percent, respectively, from the 2019 level to the number of industries open to FDI, lifted for- a combined total of $53 billion. Low- and middle- eign exchange restrictions in major industries, and income countries other than the four largest recipi- widened the options for foreign investment in pilot ents saw FDI inflows fall on average 27 percent in free trade zones. More than 70 percent of FDI 2020 to $152 billion with most countries recording inflows in 2020 were directed at the services sec- a drop in inflows compared to the prior year levels. tor, notably technology-related industries. Growth The fall in FDI inflows in 2020 at the regional in mergers and acquisitions in information and level was uneven. Two regions, South Asia and communication technology and pharmaceutical Sub-Saharan Africa, reported an increase in industries also contributed to the increase in FDI. FDI inflows, 32 percent and 20 percent, respec- In Indonesia, FDI declined by 23 percent, to $19.3 tively, in 2020. In contrast, FDI inflows to coun- billion, because of a steep fall in investment in tries in Europe and Central Asia fell on average manufacturing, and in Thailand FDI flows were 42 percent to $42.4 billion, the lowest level in two negative, –$5.6 billion, driven by disinvestment decades. Inflows to countries in Latin America and of Tesco (United Kingdom) to a Thai investor the Caribbean continued a downward trajectory, group for $10 billion. Among the smaller econo- falling by one-third from the 2019 level to $84.5 mies, FDI inflows to the Lao People’s Democratic billion with a decline in inflows to all large FDI Republic rose 28 percent in 2020 to $968 million, recipients. In East Asia and Pacific, inflows fell a because of booming infrastructure investment in moderate 4.4 percent, but this reflected a rise in projects like the $2.1 billion Sanakham Dam and inflows to China. Inflows to other countries in the $5.7 billion Laos-China Railway by Asian, largely Chinese, investors. FDI inflows to Cambodia were Figure O.25  FDI to BRIC and Other Select Low- and $3.6 billion, unchanged from 2019. The pandemic Middle-Income Countries, 2011–20 slowed investment in the export-oriented garment Percent industry and hospitality sector, but construction 100 projects by Chinese companies, like the 190-km Phnom Penh-Sihanoukville Expressway, remained 80 on schedule. In Myanmar, inflows fell 11 percent 60 to $1.8 billion in 2020 due to worsening investor perceptions, a deteriorating business environment, 40 and the impact of the pandemic. 20 FDI inflows to countries in Europe and Central Asia fell, on average, 42 percent in 2020 0 to $42.4 billion, the lowest level in two decades, 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 and only three countries in the region (Belarus, Other low- and middle-income countries Russian Federation Bulgaria, and Kosovo) recorded an increase in Brazil India China FDI inflows in 2020. In Russia, the region’s largest Sources: International Monetary Fund and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. 24 O v e r v i e w FDI recipient, net FDI inflows fell 56 percent to of the country’s investment rating weighed heav- $12.6 billion. The introduction of new policies ily on FDI inflows to Colombia, which dropped that aimed at diversifying FDI flows were derailed 53 percent to $5.6 billion in 2020 from $11.9 by the pandemic, and investment into high-tech billion in 2019. Investment fell across all sectors industries also fell sharply. However, despite the but fell the most in oil-related industries. Inflows downturn in commodity prices, investments into to Mexico fell 27 percent in 2020 to $22.7 billion the oil and gas sector held up, accounting for with about 60 percent of these inflows accounted 25 percent of 2020 inflows. Inflows to Turkey, for by reinvested earnings. New investments were the region’s second-largest FDI recipient, fell dampened by uncertainties over the authorities’ 17 percent to $8.7 billion in 2020, and the down- economic agenda and stance on the role of the turn would have been steeper, but a rebound in private sector in key industries. FDI inflows to inflows in the second half of the year prevented a Argentina continued the downward trajectory steep decline. Major deals included a $200 million that began in 2018, falling 42 percent in 2020 to investment by Metric Capita (France) in a pharma- $3.8 billion. The challenging economic environ- ceuticals manufacturing unit and Qatar Investment ment and prolonged shutdown in the industrial Authority’s acquisition of a 10 percent equity stake sector had an adverse impact on FDI, with new in a stock exchange operator also valued at $200 investment falling 45 percent, reinvested earnings million. FDI flows to Ukraine plunged 94 percent falling 22 percent, and disinvestment by several to $272 million from $4.9 billion in 2019 due to international companies including Walmart USA, the combined effect of the pandemic, macroeco- Schlumberger USA, and Danone France who sold nomic issues and geopolitical tensions, and reduc- their assets to domestic investors. FDI flows to tion in reinvested earnings because of uncertainties Panama turned negative, with outflows of $890 in the business environment. Inflows to Belarus million in 2020 from inflows of $2.4 billion in rose 20 percent, to $1.3 billion, in part because 2019 despite measures by the government to the country was very late to adopt anti-pandemic counter the economic impact of the pandemic. restrictions and large inflows were registered in the These included the launch of several infrastructure first part of the year were in various sectors includ- projects and approval of a new investment incen- ing the automotive industry (Poland), information tives regime, mainly in the form of tax benefits, technology (United States), furniture manufac- targeting multinational companies that carry out ture (Germany), logistics (China), and renewable operations from Panama and provide manufactur- energy (Lithuania). FDI inflows ground to a halt in ing services. the second half of the year, with investors deterred In the Middle East and North Africa, FDI by the social unrest following the presidential elec- inflows contracted 16 percent in 2020 to $14.3 tions in August 2020. billion from $16.9 billion in 2019, reflecting a Countries in the Latin America and Caribbean general slowdown in investment across the region. region saw FDI inflows drop by more than one- Inflows to Egypt, the region’s largest recipient, fell third in 2020 to $84.5 billion. The severe impact 35 percent to $5.9 billion in 2020 despite con- of the pandemic across the region, a sharp fall certed efforts to promote diversification of FDI, in export demand, lower prices for commodity including the agreement to activate a $16 billion exports, and the curtailment of tourism weighed Saudi-Egypt investment fund across multiple sec- heavily on investment flows to the region. FDI tors. Most FDI inflows to Egypt are currently in inflows to Brazil fell 36 percent in 2020 to $40.5 the oil and gas sector. Inflows to Tunisia were billion, the lowest level since 2013, despite some down 26 percent from the 2019 level, to $600 mil- sizeable gains from privatization, including the lion, on account of a steep fall in investments in sale by Petrobras of two crude petroleum and the service sectors with tourism particularly hard natural gas producers to Australian and British hit. It was a similar story in Jordan, where FDI investors. In Peru, the combination of prolonged is concentrated in the tourism sector and inflows lockdowns, economic contraction, and political fell 13 percent in 2020 to $718 million. Inflows to instability contributed to a 28 percent fall in FDI Algeria declined 21 percent to $1.1 billion despite in 2020 to $4.3 billion from $6 billion in 2019. the authorities’ efforts to diversify FDI by lifting Large-scale social protests and the downgrade restrictions and the 49 percent cap on foreign 25 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 2 ownership. However, these measures should have to $1.9 billion, 5 percent below the 2019 level, a positive impact once post-COVID-19 FDI recov- cushioned by continued investment in power gen- ers more broadly. Morocco was a bright spot, eration and the telecom sector from British and with FDI inflows rising 9 percent in 2020 to $1.5 Chinese investors. In contrast Bangladesh, where billion. The country benefited from the estab- FDI is concentrated in export-oriented garment lished presence of multinational companies in the manufacturing, inflows fell 21.4 percent in 2020 automotive, aerospace, and textile industries and to $1 billion as $3 billion worth of export orders, investment into phosphates, of which it holds the largely from the United States and European Union, world’s largest known reserves. These factors miti- were canceled. In the Maldives, where FDI is con- gated the impact of the pandemic. centrated in tourism and several new hotel complex FDI inflows to countries in South Asia rose projects were postponed, the contraction in inflows 32 percent in 2020 to $63 billion driven by a surge was severe. They fell 63.6 percent in 2020 to $348 in FDI inflows to India, which the acute impact of million from $956 million in 2019. the pandemic there did little to deter. Inflows con- Sub-Saharan Africa was the only other region tinued their upward trajectory, rising a further 38 to record an increase in FDI inflows in 2020. They percent to $59.5 billion. The rise in inflows reflected rose on average 20 percent to $24.3 billion, with further relaxation of investment barriers, includ- many countries recording a rise in inflows in 2020. ing in the retail and financial sector that began in FDI inflows to Senegal rose 39 percent to $1.5 mid-2019. Inflows in 2020 were also bolstered by billion due to increased investments in the energy $27 billion in mergers and acquisitions, including sector and start-up of work on the largest off- megadeals like the $5.7 billion acquisition of Jio shore oil and gas project, the SNE Oil Field, being Platforms by Jaadhu, a subsidiary of Facebook developed by a consortium of Australian and USA, and the $4.6 billion Unilever India merger British companies and Petrosen (Senegal). Inflows with GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, to the Republic of the Congo rose 19 percent to a subsidiary of GSK United Kingdom. All other $4.0 billion, propelled by investment in offshore countries in the region registered a decline in net oil fields after a licensing round of available oil FDI inflows of, on average, 25.3 percent from the blocks in 2019, and in the Democratic Republic 2019 level. FDI inflows to Pakistan fell moderately of the Congo they increased 11 percent to $1.6 billion due to rising demand and increased prices for cobalt used in smartphones and electric car Figure O.26  Foreign Direct Investment Inflows by batteries. In Nigeria, long-term policies aimed Regions, 2018–20 at FDI diversification took effect and inflows US$ (billion) 250 rose 9 percent to $930 million from several new investments in the non-oil sector, including a food manufacturing facility in the Lekke Free 200 Figure O.27  Portfolio Equity Flows to Low- and 150 Middle-Income Countries, 2018–20 US$ (billion) 100 80 60 50 40 20 0 hi c C ifi ci d a be d ric d ia a 0 Pa an si ib an Af an ric na l. ac As fic an a lA Af xc P ia ar a th t or as h tra C ric d As ut n an N E ra e en So –20 Am st e ha ia C dl Ea e As Sa id d tin an M b- st La –40 Su Ea pe ro China India Low- and middle-income Eu countries, excluding China 2018 2019 2020 2018 2019 2020 Sources: International Monetary Fund and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Source: International Monetary Fund. 26 O v e r v i e w Trade Zone and development of the Lekke Deep China rose 39 percent to $63 billion, and those to Sea Port by Chinese investors. Inflows to Togo India increased by 81 percent to $25 billion from jumped 72.3 percent to $639 million largely on $14 billion in 2019. In contrast, other low- and account of investment from neighboring countries middle-income countries registered combined port- including $100 million from CimMetal (Burkina folio equity outflows of $49 billion in 2020. The Faso) for a construction material plant and $60 factors that attracted portfolio equity inflows to million cement plant constructed by Dangote China paralleled those that propelled FDI inflows (Nigeria). In Angola, a slowdown in repatriation and non-resident investors’ purchase of renminbi-­ of capital by multinational companies in the oil denominated bonds, as outlined in box O.1. In and gas industry reduced outflows to –$2.0 bil- India, government initiatives to attract FDI and lion from –$4.7 billion in 2019. In contrast some portfolio equity investors by hosting investor confer- of the region’s large FDI recipients saw inflows ences and structural changes to ease business and fall in 2020. In Ethiopia, the largest recipient in investment measures have been key factors behind Eastern Africa, inflows fell moderately, 6 percent, the rise in portfolio equity inflows. They were also with continued investment into key sectors like boosted by a better-than-expected economic recov- agriculture and manufacturing that offset much ery in the second half of 2020 and strong corporate of the decline in hospitality and aviation. The earnings. In addition, the prospects of higher returns government also facilitated FDI for the manufac- fueled a significant shift by non-resident investors ture of personal protective equipment, and several from debt to equities in 2020. Chinese companies started production in 2020. In contrast Ghana, one of the largest FDI recipients in West Africa and the first country on the conti- nent to impose mobility restrictions, registered a Supporting Debt Transparency 52 percent decline in FDI inflows in 2020. They fell to $2.0 billion from $3.9 billion in 2019 with Comprehensive, transparent public debt data are manufacturing, services, and the mining sector all fundamental to assessing debt sustainability and recording a downturn. effective use of borrowed resources. These data are In common with FDI, portfolio equity inflows essential for policy makers to make informed bor- to low- and middle-income countries in 2020 cen- rowing choices, creditors to appropriately price for tered on China and India. Portfolio equity inflows sovereign risk, and citizens to hold their governments to low- and middle- income countries fell 19 percent accountable. Yet, despite some improvements, pub- in 2020 to $39 billion from $48 billion in 2019. lic debt statistics in many low- and middle-income The total figures mask the sharp divergence in the countries still suffer from important gaps in cover- direction of portfolio equity flows in 2020 at the age and inadequate levels of transparency. The Debt country level. In 2020, there was significant portfo- Management Performance Assessment (DeMPA) lio equity investment in China and India. Inflows to conducted by the World Bank for 100 low- and middle-income countries found debt management Figure O.28  Portfolio Equity Flows to Major capacity met the minimum standard for sound debt Recipients, 2018–20 management in less than half of the dimensions US$ (billion) assessed, including debt monitoring and reporting.3 Russian Federation Heightened debt vulnerabilities in low- and Nigeria middle-income countries have been exacerbated Turkey by the COVID-19 pandemic. IDA countries have been particularly hard hit, with more than half India now in debt distress or at high risk of it. This Mexico reflects increased public borrowing in recent years South Africa against the backdrop of a changing creditor land- Brazil scape and multiplicity of non-traditional bilateral –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 2018 2019 2020 3 IMF-World Bank G-20 Note on Strengthening Public Debt Source: International Monetary Fund. Transparency, June 2018. 27 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 2 and private creditors and, for some countries, greater debt transparency. It enriches the ways in a sharp rise in borrowing in domestic markets. which external debt data can support analyses and A proliferation of new and complex debt instru- policy making. It confirms the rising importance ments and increased share of non-concessional of the information that allows for the comparison financing in public debt portfolios has also com- of lending terms extended by bilateral individual plicated public debt management processes. creditors, including new bilateral creditors, and by The debt-rescheduling efforts in 2020 and the commercial lenders. The data are drawn from the need for an accurate measure of the impact of and World Bank DRS to which World Bank borrowers gains from the G-20 DSSI highlighted the impor- (IBRD and IDA) report annually, loan by loan, on tance of debt transparency. Countries that benefit stocks and flows for long-term external debt owed from DSSI are required to use fiscal space created by public agencies or private agencies with public for expenditures related to crisis response, to dis- guarantees; in aggregate, on long-term external close all public sector debt, and to refrain from debt owed by the private sector with no public contracting new non-concessional debt during guarantees; and quarterly, loan by loan, on the the suspension period, other than agreements in terms and conditions of new public and publicly the context of DSSI, or in compliance with limits guaranteed loan commitments. agreed under the IMF Debt Limit Policy or World The DRS definition of external public debt Bank Sustainable Development Finance Policy. is holistic. It encompasses all borrowing by The World Bank continues to take the (1) ­central government, state and local govern- lead in disseminating data on DSSI outcomes. ment, and municipalities; (2) Central Bank or International Debt Statistics 2021 released for monetary authority; and (3) public sector entities, the first time a highly disaggregated dataset that irrespective of whether the obligation benefits provided, for each DSSI participant country, the from a state guarantee. Efforts over time have breakdown of projected debt-service payments already closed large gaps in the data on public to each bilateral creditor and multilateral entity. sector external debt and improved the coverage One important and ongoing element of the World of borrowing by state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Bank’s focus on debt transparency is to accu- For the 123 countries reporting to the World rately assess DSSI outcomes and the terms and Bank DRS and for which data are presented in conditions of other bilateral debt-restructuring International Debt Statistics 2022, 33 percent arrangements. These data are the essential under- have full coverage of public sector debt, including pinning of the Bank’s multi-pronged program of the debt of SOEs. support for borrowers, which includes not only unprecedented levels of emergency financing, but also implementation of new policies to incentivize sustainable development financing and increased Figure O.29  DRS Reporting Countries—Coverage focus on DSAs. of Public and Publicly Guaranteed Debt This year, the International Debt Statistics Number of countries 2022 database further enhances debt transpar- Government debt only 6 3 14 ency by introducing two new datasets. The Guaranteed SOE debt borrower-creditor matrix is expanded to sepa- 4 17 20 Compliant rately identify the Central Bank in the breakdown Non-guaranteed SOE + 6 28 15 private guaranteed of the borrower types. Regarding the creditor Reporting in aggregate breakdown, the average terms of new debt com- form 2 mitments (maturity, interest rate, grace period, Last 2 years 5 compliant and grant element) and the currency composition Non- of debt stock by creditor type and creditor coun- More than 5 years 2 try have been added to the database. This new, 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 disaggregated dataset allows analyses for each borrower-creditor pair, for regions, and for select Blend IBRD IDA subgroups. This database sets a new standard for Source: World Bank Debtor Reporting System. 28 O v e r v i e w The DRS has a long-standing record for flex- into the DRS dataset. Furthering transparency on ibility and capacity to meet new data needs as they the external borrowing practices of SOEs is, in arise to support the Bank’s institutional require- many respects, an essential first step in assessing ments and those of the broader international com- the extent of loan collaterals. SOEs, particularly munity. Throughout its 60 plus years in operation, those in the extractive industries, are likely to the DRS has continuously evolved in response to account for a large share of collateralized loans. new data needs. The DRS has adapted to chang- Similarly, a comprehensive measure of Central ing borrowing patterns; new and complex lending Bank deposits and foreign currency swap lines, instruments; and demands for additional, highly and how they are used in support of public debt detailed debt data, when periodic debt crises management in low- and middle-income coun- erupt, to both support restructuring processes and tries, will be an important addition to debt data measure outcomes. transparency and will help avert “debt surprises.” The DRS ongoing agenda prioritizes transpar- A small number of countries already include ency and closing public sector data and knowledge information on foreign currency swap lines when gaps. Areas of emphasis are (1) an accurate and reporting to the DRS. However, a preliminary sur- comprehensive measure of the external obligations vey of Central Banks in G-20 countries indicates of SOEs in all DRS reporting countries; (2) a deter- that by mid-2021, a third of low- and middle- mination of the extent to which public sector bor- income countries had entered into currency swap rowers in low- and middle-income countries have agreements. Many of these arrangements appear given external creditors collateral or other risk to be precautionary, but a clearer understanding mitigation commitments; and (3) incorporating of them would be another important step in debt Central Bank deposits and currency swaps lines transparency. 29 part II Aggregate and Country Tables 31 ALL LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES (US$ billion, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 4,360 6,658 7,386 7,828 8,246 8,687 Use of IMF credit 148 110 120 148 169 224 Long-term external debt 3,033 4,947 5,343 5,532 5,901 6,268 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,581 2,461 2,783 2,960 3,163 3,444 Public sector 1,574 2,457 2,780 2,957 3,160 3,442 of which: General government 1,179 1,779 2,027 2,145 2,334 2,567 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 7 3 3 2 2 2 Private sector not guaranteed 1,452 2,487 2,560 2,573 2,738 2,824 Short-term external debt 1,179 1,601 1,922 2,148 2,177 2,195 Disbursements (long-term) 648 985 1,157 1,123 1,242 1,259 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 290 354 484 481 471 529 Public sector 288 353 483 480 471 529 of which: General government 187 238 317 303 333 359 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 2 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 359 631 673 642 770 730 Principal repayments (long-term) 379 746 727 801 891 886 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 137 222 210 264 265 273 Public sector 136 221 209 263 265 273 of which: General government 76 114 112 140 130 158 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 1 1 1 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 241 525 517 537 626 613 Interest payments (long-term) 101 174 189 211 231 207 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 47 87 101 109 123 110 Public sector 47 87 101 109 123 110 of which: General government 39 66 76 81 86 77 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 54 87 89 102 108 97 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 3,033 4,947 5,343 5,532 5,901 6,268 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,581 2,461 2,783 2,960 3,163 3,444 Official creditors 828 989 1,075 1,111 1,150 1,266 Multilateral 482 596 649 670 703 792 of which: World Bank 242 293 317 326 344 380 Bilateral 346 393 426 441 447 475 Private creditors 753 1,471 1,709 1,849 2,013 2,178 Bondholders 473 1,038 1,260 1,394 1,563 1,736 Commercial banks and others 281 434 449 455 450 442 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,452 2,487 2,560 2,573 2,738 2,824 Bondholders 211 389 471 480 566 677 Commercial banks and others 1,241 2,097 2,089 2,092 2,173 2,147 Use of IMF credit 148 110 120 148 169 224 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 13 5 4 31 22 47 Long-term 270 238 430 321 351 373 Official creditors 60 57 53 50 42 82 Multilateral 48 33 31 32 36 70 of which: World Bank 22 14 13 15 19 27 Bilateral 12 25 22 19 6 12 Private creditors 210 181 377 271 308 291 Bondholders 101 120 289 204 255 280 Banks and others 109 61 88 68 53 10 Short-term 428 -35 322 222 28 16 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 529 468 468 496 506 434 Portfolio equity 126 45 67 37 48 39 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 81 107 104 101 106 123 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 22 26 26 26 27 29 Debt service to exports (%) 10 15 14 14 16 17 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 27 24 26 27 26 25 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 11 9 9 9 9 9 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 120 83 79 73 72 72 Gross national income (GNI) 19,435 25,993 28,594 30,185 31,018 29,879 33 EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC (US$ billion, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 1,192 2,112 2,482 2,789 2,993 3,297 Use of IMF credit 18 16 17 17 17 18 Long-term external debt 558 1,167 1,277 1,400 1,618 1,874 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 318 476 546 641 727 860 Public sector 318 475 546 641 727 860 of which: General government 240 365 404 448 510 596 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 240 691 731 759 890 1,014 Short-term external debt 616 930 1,188 1,372 1,359 1,405 Disbursements (long-term) 116 277 362 407 510 522 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 47 60 98 132 130 172 Public sector 47 60 98 132 130 172 of which: General government 29 45 49 65 81 104 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 69 217 264 276 381 350 Principal repayments (long-term) 65 216 231 252 309 273 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 29 35 34 34 43 53 Public sector 29 35 34 34 43 53 of which: General government 17 22 15 18 19 27 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 36 182 197 218 266 220 Interest payments (long-term) 16 29 35 47 57 53 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9 12 14 18 22 23 Public sector 9 12 14 18 22 23 of which: General government 7 9 10 13 14 13 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 7 17 21 29 35 30 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 558 1,167 1,277 1,400 1,618 1,874 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 318 476 546 641 727 860 Official creditors 218 203 208 211 214 234 Multilateral 87 102 107 111 116 130 of which: World Bank 47 55 59 60 62 66 Bilateral 131 101 101 100 98 105 Private creditors 101 273 338 430 513 625 Bondholders 72 223 284 371 449 562 Commercial banks and others 29 50 54 59 64 64 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 240 691 731 759 890 1,014 Bondholders 20 132 183 216 276 371 Commercial banks and others 220 559 548 544 615 643 Use of IMF credit 18 16 17 17 17 18 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 0 0 0 0 0 1 Long-term 51 60 130 155 201 249 Official creditors 3 0 0 4 3 14 Multilateral 4 4 4 5 5 11 of which: World Bank 3 2 2 2 2 3 Bilateral -2 -4 -3 -1 -2 3 Private creditors 49 60 130 151 198 234 Bondholders 9 40 111 124 138 204 Banks and others 40 20 19 27 60 30 Short-term 307 -16 259 184 -13 45 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 265 193 190 245 215 206 Portfolio equity 40 24 35 49 47 48 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 50 66 69 71 77 85 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 16 16 17 17 18 19 Debt service to exports (%) 5 8 9 9 11 10 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 52 44 48 49 45 43 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 7 5 4 4 4 4 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 269 163 146 128 122 117 Gross national income (GNI) 7,564 13,170 14,438 16,080 16,685 16,949 34 EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA (US$ billion, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 1,265 1,540 1,610 1,556 1,584 1,636 Use of IMF credit 62 30 32 30 28 33 Long-term external debt 973 1,292 1,330 1,281 1,292 1,317 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 361 483 543 530 555 601 Public sector 360 482 542 530 555 600 of which: General government 201 279 321 326 364 414 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 1 1 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 612 809 787 751 737 716 Short-term external debt 230 218 249 245 263 287 Disbursements (long-term) 236 254 274 216 243 257 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 89 59 94 78 93 102 Public sector 89 59 94 78 93 102 of which: General government 46 36 50 50 65 70 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 147 195 179 138 150 155 Principal repayments (long-term) 175 204 208 244 229 234 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 43 68 49 85 65 73 Public sector 43 68 49 85 65 73 of which: General government 17 26 21 39 25 35 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 132 136 160 159 164 161 Interest payments (long-term) 34 46 46 46 45 46 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9 17 18 21 21 22 Public sector 9 17 18 21 21 22 of which: General government 7 10 12 13 13 15 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 25 29 27 25 25 24 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 973 1,292 1,330 1,281 1,292 1,317 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 361 483 543 530 555 601 Official creditors 110 137 151 149 148 161 Multilateral 75 93 103 100 97 110 of which: World Bank 36 41 45 45 44 47 Bilateral 35 44 49 50 51 51 Private creditors 251 346 391 380 407 439 Bondholders 88 183 220 232 273 308 Commercial banks and others 163 163 172 148 135 132 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 612 809 787 751 737 716 Bondholders 34 67 78 78 88 96 Commercial banks and others 578 742 709 673 649 620 Use of IMF credit 62 30 32 30 28 33 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 9 1 0 -1 -2 3 Long-term 62 50 65 -28 13 23 Official creditors 18 7 6 2 0 6 Multilateral 14 4 2 0 -2 8 of which: World Bank 3 1 1 1 0 1 Bilateral 4 3 3 2 1 -1 Private creditors 44 43 60 -29 13 17 Bondholders 13 16 38 16 49 31 Banks and others 31 27 22 -45 -36 -14 Short-term 44 -1 30 -5 18 22 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 66 81 65 51 73 42 Portfolio equity -1 -1 -5 -7 -4 -19 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 128 167 147 122 125 156 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 42 53 50 47 47 52 Debt service to exports (%) 22 28 24 24 22 27 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 18 14 15 16 17 18 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 6 6 6 6 6 7 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 54 36 38 40 43 43 Gross national income (GNI) 3,029 2,892 3,247 3,337 3,395 3,150 35 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN (US$ billion, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 996 1,623 1,709 1,815 1,873 1,867 Use of IMF credit 20 17 17 45 62 79 Long-term external debt 797 1,374 1,453 1,490 1,522 1,548 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 437 769 834 870 885 923 Public sector 433 767 832 869 884 922 of which: General government 337 536 582 610 629 665 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 4 2 2 2 1 1 Private sector not guaranteed 360 605 620 619 636 625 Short-term external debt 180 233 238 280 289 241 Disbursements (long-term) 185 286 285 274 260 287 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 83 132 140 130 107 139 Public sector 82 131 140 130 106 139 of which: General government 56 82 89 86 70 90 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 101 154 145 143 154 148 Principal repayments (long-term) 83 201 185 177 228 224 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 39 63 77 75 91 72 Public sector 39 62 76 74 91 72 of which: General government 25 30 44 30 41 40 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 1 1 1 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 44 138 108 102 137 152 Interest payments (long-term) 35 68 75 75 81 66 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 20 40 49 45 51 40 Public sector 20 40 49 45 51 40 of which: General government 16 32 39 35 36 28 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 15 28 26 30 30 26 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 797 1,374 1,453 1,490 1,522 1,548 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 437 769 834 870 885 923 Official creditors 161 198 208 215 215 232 Multilateral 124 155 159 168 174 191 of which: World Bank 49 58 58 60 62 69 Bilateral 37 43 50 47 41 41 Private creditors 276 570 625 656 670 691 Bondholders 235 436 492 514 526 556 Commercial banks and others 41 135 133 142 144 136 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 360 605 620 619 636 625 Bondholders 134 170 184 161 171 175 Commercial banks and others 226 435 436 458 465 451 Use of IMF credit 20 17 17 45 62 79 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 1 0 0 29 17 13 Long-term 101 85 100 97 32 63 Official creditors 20 6 9 7 1 15 Multilateral 16 6 3 9 7 16 of which: World Bank 8 2 -1 2 2 7 Bilateral 5 0 6 -2 -6 -1 Private creditors 81 79 91 90 31 47 Bondholders 59 54 73 47 26 47 Banks and others 22 25 17 43 5 0 Short-term 54 -31 9 41 10 -49 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 122 107 132 121 133 84 Portfolio equity 40 21 20 -2 -3 -6 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 115 170 159 157 160 186 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 23 38 35 39 41 49 Debt service to exports (%) 14 29 25 23 27 30 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 18 14 14 15 15 13 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 12 10 9 9 9 10 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 57 46 45 43 40 42 Gross national income (GNI) 4,350 4,323 4,824 4,646 4,589 3,809 36 MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA (US$ billion, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 191 267 300 323 341 370 Use of IMF credit 8 13 17 18 22 33 Long-term external debt 145 202 230 256 266 277 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 114 157 182 200 215 235 Public sector 113 157 182 199 214 234 of which: General government 91 117 135 148 162 178 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 31 44 48 56 51 42 Short-term external debt 38 52 53 49 54 60 Disbursements (long-term) 22 40 45 50 37 31 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 14 28 31 32 29 29 Public sector 13 28 31 32 29 29 of which: General government 11 18 23 22 24 23 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 9 12 13 18 8 2 Principal repayments (long-term) 18 24 23 23 25 27 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 10 15 13 12 13 15 Public sector 10 15 13 12 13 15 of which: General government 7 10 9 7 9 11 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 8 10 10 11 12 12 Interest payments (long-term) 6 7 7 9 11 8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4 5 5 6 8 5 Public sector 4 5 5 6 8 5 of which: General government 3 4 4 5 6 4 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 2 2 2 2 3 2 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 145 202 230 256 266 277 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 114 157 182 200 215 235 Official creditors 78 102 114 117 121 133 Multilateral 37 49 57 58 62 72 of which: World Bank 12 18 22 24 26 30 Bilateral 42 53 57 58 59 62 Private creditors 36 55 68 83 94 101 Bondholders 27 47 59 70 78 85 Commercial banks and others 9 8 8 13 16 17 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 31 44 48 56 51 42 Bondholders 1 1 0 1 1 1 Commercial banks and others 30 44 48 56 51 42 Use of IMF credit 8 13 17 18 22 33 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 0 3 3 2 4 11 Long-term 4 16 21 27 12 4 Official creditors 1 13 7 5 5 8 Multilateral 2 7 5 2 4 7 of which: World Bank 1 2 2 2 3 2 Bilateral -1 6 2 2 1 1 Private creditors 3 2 15 23 7 -4 Bondholders 3 1 11 11 9 6 Banks and others 0 1 3 12 -2 -10 Short-term 5 11 1 -5 5 4 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 23 19 21 19 17 14 Portfolio equity 2 1 -1 0 1 -2 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 58 98 96 97 116 184 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 17 22 26 31 33 37 Debt service to exports (%) 7 12 11 10 13 18 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 20 19 18 15 16 16 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 19 18 19 18 18 19 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 156 84 69 59 51 41 Gross national income (GNI) 1,151 1,236 1,176 1,043 1,050 988 37 SOUTH ASIA (US$ billion, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 410 624 707 733 789 814 Use of IMF credit 20 16 17 16 17 20 Long-term external debt 323 501 564 586 636 663 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 189 270 318 330 354 372 Public sector 189 270 318 330 354 372 of which: General government 167 224 273 279 297 314 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 134 231 246 256 283 291 Short-term external debt 67 107 126 130 136 131 Disbursements (long-term) 52 59 104 84 103 96 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 31 26 61 43 50 45 Public sector 31 26 61 43 50 45 of which: General government 25 20 54 30 36 36 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 22 33 43 41 53 51 Principal repayments (long-term) 24 72 48 58 52 77 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9 25 20 29 26 34 Public sector 9 25 20 29 26 34 of which: General government 6 16 11 21 17 26 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 15 47 28 29 26 43 Interest payments (long-term) 6 12 13 18 18 16 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3 4 5 6 7 5 Public sector 3 4 5 6 7 5 of which: General government 2 3 4 5 5 5 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 4 8 9 12 10 10 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 323 501 564 586 636 663 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 189 270 318 330 354 372 Official creditors 156 171 188 203 219 247 Multilateral 101 109 118 121 129 146 of which: World Bank 64 68 72 72 75 82 Bilateral 55 61 70 82 90 101 Private creditors 33 100 130 126 135 125 Bondholders 18 69 101 94 102 91 Commercial banks and others 15 31 29 33 33 34 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 134 231 246 256 283 291 Bondholders 13 10 15 14 19 26 Commercial banks and others 120 220 231 242 263 265 Use of IMF credit 20 16 17 16 17 20 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 2 1 0 0 1 2 Long-term 29 -13 56 26 51 19 Official creditors 7 8 11 18 16 22 Multilateral 6 4 4 5 8 14 of which: World Bank 3 2 1 2 3 5 Bilateral 2 4 6 12 8 8 Private creditors 21 -22 45 9 35 -2 Bondholders 10 -2 36 -7 13 -5 Banks and others 11 -20 9 16 21 2 Short-term 13 4 19 4 5 -4 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 31 48 42 43 48 63 Portfolio equity 30 2 6 -5 14 24 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 96 116 117 110 117 137 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 20 22 21 21 22 24 Debt service to exports (%) 7 16 11 12 11 16 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 16 17 18 18 17 16 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 25 18 17 17 16 18 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 77 66 66 60 64 78 Gross national income (GNI) 2,048 2,885 3,323 3,412 3,576 3,334 38 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA (US$ billion, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 305 492 578 613 665 702 Use of IMF credit 19 19 21 22 23 41 Long-term external debt 237 411 490 519 567 589 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 161 305 361 389 426 454 Public sector 161 305 361 389 426 454 of which: General government 143 259 312 333 372 400 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 76 106 129 130 141 135 Short-term external debt 49 62 67 72 75 72 Disbursements (long-term) 36 69 88 91 88 67 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 26 49 60 65 62 42 Public sector 26 49 60 65 62 42 of which: General government 20 38 52 51 57 36 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 .. 0 Private sector not guaranteed 10 20 28 27 26 25 Principal repayments (long-term) 14 28 31 48 47 52 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 7 16 17 29 26 26 Public sector 7 16 17 29 26 26 of which: General government 4 10 11 24 19 18 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 7 13 13 19 20 26 Interest payments (long-term) 4 13 13 16 20 18 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3 9 9 12 15 15 Public sector 3 9 9 12 15 15 of which: General government 3 8 8 10 12 12 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 1 4 4 4 5 4 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 237 411 490 519 567 589 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 161 305 361 389 426 454 Official creditors 106 177 205 215 233 258 Multilateral 59 88 105 111 125 144 of which: World Bank 34 52 61 65 74 86 Bilateral 47 89 100 104 108 115 Private creditors 56 128 156 174 194 195 Bondholders 32 80 104 114 135 135 Commercial banks and others 23 48 53 60 58 60 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 76 106 129 130 141 135 Bondholders 9 10 11 11 11 9 Commercial banks and others 67 96 118 119 129 127 Use of IMF credit 19 19 21 22 23 41 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 1 0 1 2 1 17 Long-term 23 41 57 43 41 15 Official creditors 10 23 21 15 18 17 Multilateral 6 8 12 10 14 14 of which: World Bank 4 5 6 6 9 9 Bilateral 4 15 8 6 4 3 Private creditors 12 17 37 28 24 -2 Bondholders 6 11 19 13 20 -3 Banks and others 6 7 18 16 4 2 Short-term 5 -2 5 2 2 -2 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 23 20 18 16 20 24 Portfolio equity 16 -2 12 3 -6 -6 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 76 148 150 142 156 205 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 24 33 37 38 40 44 Debt service to exports (%) 5 13 12 15 16 22 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 16 13 12 12 11 10 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 19 18 18 18 19 20 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 51 30 28 27 23 21 Gross national income (GNI) 1,293 1,472 1,558 1,626 1,681 1,605 39 AFGHANISTAN (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 2,436 2,596 2,752 2,679 2,662 3,036 Use of IMF credit 355 277 285 275 277 629 Long-term external debt 1,976 1,965 1,998 1,970 1,965 1,976 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,976 1,950 1,982 1,949 1,944 1,958 Public sector 1,976 1,950 1,982 1,949 1,944 1,958 of which: General government 1,976 1,950 1,982 1,949 1,944 1,958 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 15 16 22 21 18 Short-term external debt 105 355 470 434 420 431 Disbursements (long-term) 76 12 3 16 29 0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 76 12 3 16 29 0 Public sector 76 12 3 16 29 0 of which: General government 76 12 3 16 29 0 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 1 27 27 31 31 26 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1 23 23 25 25 22 Public sector 1 23 23 25 25 22 of which: General government 1 23 23 25 25 22 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 4 4 6 6 5 Interest payments (long-term) 8 8 9 9 9 8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8 8 8 8 7 7 Public sector 8 8 8 8 7 7 of which: General government 8 8 8 8 7 7 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 1 1 1 1 1 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 1,976 1,965 1,998 1,970 1,965 1,976 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,976 1,950 1,982 1,949 1,944 1,958 Official creditors 1,976 1,950 1,982 1,949 1,944 1,958 Multilateral 1,016 991 1,023 983 955 968 of which: World Bank 406 351 364 348 338 344 Bilateral 959 958 959 965 989 991 Private creditors 0 .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 15 16 22 21 18 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. 15 16 22 21 18 Use of IMF credit 355 277 285 275 277 629 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 9 -15 -8 -4 4 329 Long-term 75 -15 -24 -14 -2 -26 Official creditors 75 -11 -19 -8 3 -21 Multilateral 75 -9 -19 -15 -20 -21 of which: World Bank 8 -8 -8 -8 -8 -8 Bilateral 0 -2 0 7 23 -1 Private creditors .. -4 -4 -6 -6 -5 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others .. -4 -4 -6 -6 -5 Short-term 37 26 80 -68 -44 -14 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 191 94 52 119 23 13 Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 0 0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 89 189 189 141 142 177 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 15 14 14 14 14 15 Debt service to exports (%) 0 4 4 3 3 3 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 4 14 17 16 16 14 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 42 38 37 37 36 32 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 171 249 261 273 279 277 Gross national income (GNI) 15,885 18,197 19,118 18,545 19,598 19,996 40 ALBANIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 5,437 8,516 9,801 9,876 9,557 10,859 Use of IMF credit 129 387 489 470 448 627 Long-term external debt 4,564 6,482 7,421 7,502 8,502 9,562 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,210 3,761 4,335 4,559 4,442 5,278 Public sector 3,210 3,761 4,335 4,559 4,442 5,278 of which: General government 2,854 3,489 4,051 4,246 4,160 4,884 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,354 2,722 3,085 2,942 4,060 4,284 Short-term external debt 743 1,647 1,892 1,904 607 670 Disbursements (long-term) 866 450 776 1,269 457 1,311 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 631 205 421 931 207 1,028 Public sector 631 205 421 931 207 1,028 of which: General government 613 189 420 792 202 922 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 235 245 355 338 250 283 Principal repayments (long-term) 250 488 407 922 498 948 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 174 191 222 554 263 537 Public sector 174 191 222 554 263 537 of which: General government 146 160 198 456 234 511 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 76 297 185 368 234 410 Interest payments (long-term) 110 95 96 147 122 154 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 66 84 83 120 105 104 Public sector 66 84 83 120 105 104 of which: General government 59 82 80 114 102 99 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 44 11 12 28 17 50 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 4,564 6,482 7,421 7,502 8,502 9,562 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,210 3,761 4,335 4,559 4,442 5,278 Official creditors 2,175 2,532 2,984 3,037 3,004 3,252 Multilateral 1,521 1,890 2,279 2,362 2,338 2,545 of which: World Bank 875 991 1,300 1,301 1,330 1,418 Bilateral 654 642 705 675 666 707 Private creditors 1,035 1,229 1,351 1,522 1,438 2,027 Bondholders 477 611 696 942 925 1,501 Commercial banks and others 558 617 656 580 514 526 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,354 2,722 3,085 2,942 4,060 4,284 Bondholders 69 148 192 329 306 284 Commercial banks and others 1,285 2,573 2,894 2,614 3,754 4,000 Use of IMF credit 129 387 489 470 448 627 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit -12 156 77 -7 -20 155 Long-term 616 -38 369 347 -40 363 Official creditors 111 3 243 137 -1 67 Multilateral 103 -11 240 148 1 69 of which: World Bank 18 2 226 40 44 4 Bilateral 8 14 3 -11 -2 -1 Private creditors 506 -40 126 210 -39 296 Bondholders 444 15 43 340 -20 414 Banks and others 61 -56 83 -130 -19 -118 Short-term 63 61 245 12 -1,297 63 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,052 1,048 1,073 1,271 1,252 1,138 Portfolio equity 7 -15 -12 -3 7 -8 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 147 219 213 188 181 282 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 46 71 75 65 63 75 Debt service to exports (%) 10 15 11 21 12 30 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 14 19 19 19 6 6 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 28 22 23 24 24 23 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 45 36 36 39 38 43 Gross national income (GNI) 11,807 12,054 13,054 15,130 15,085 14,541 41 ALGERIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 7,253 5,463 5,707 5,710 5,492 5,178 Use of IMF credit 1,845 1,611 1,706 1,666 1,657 1,726 Long-term external debt 3,630 1,866 1,904 1,725 1,571 1,669 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,662 1,653 1,716 1,523 1,398 1,437 Public sector 2,521 1,650 1,713 1,521 1,397 1,436 of which: General government 927 1,247 1,366 1,268 1,205 1,278 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 141 3 3 2 1 0 Private sector not guaranteed 968 214 188 202 173 232 Short-term external debt 1,778 1,986 2,096 2,319 2,264 1,784 Disbursements (long-term) 42 1,032 11 44 33 98 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 40 984 1 0 0 0 Public sector 40 984 1 0 0 0 of which: General government 31 984 0 0 0 0 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 2 49 11 44 33 98 Principal repayments (long-term) 557 302 176 151 118 118 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 324 149 140 122 93 77 Public sector 291 149 139 121 92 76 of which: General government 31 44 41 40 36 28 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 33 0 1 1 1 1 Private sector not guaranteed 234 153 36 29 25 41 Interest payments (long-term) 95 22 31 29 25 23 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 64 17 27 26 23 22 Public sector 64 17 27 26 23 22 of which: General government 13 6 20 21 20 20 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 31 5 4 3 2 1 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 3,630 1,866 1,904 1,725 1,571 1,669 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,662 1,653 1,716 1,523 1,398 1,437 Official creditors 1,986 1,580 1,682 1,512 1,393 1,434 Multilateral 10 949 1,079 1,031 1,007 1,095 of which: World Bank 9 1 0 .. .. .. Bilateral 1,976 630 603 481 386 339 Private creditors 676 73 34 11 6 3 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 676 73 34 11 6 3 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 968 214 188 202 173 232 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 968 214 188 202 173 232 Use of IMF credit 1,845 1,611 1,706 1,666 1,657 1,726 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term -516 731 -165 -107 -85 -20 Official creditors -129 880 -97 -99 -88 -74 Multilateral -2 983 -1 0 0 0 of which: World Bank -1 0 -1 .. .. .. Bilateral -126 -103 -96 -99 -88 -74 Private creditors -387 -149 -68 -8 3 54 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others -387 -149 -68 -8 3 54 Short-term 286 163 110 223 -55 -481 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 2,315 1,650 1,231 1,440 1,364 1,073 Portfolio equity 0 .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 11 16 14 13 14 20 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 5 3 3 3 3 4 Debt service to exports (%) 1 1 1 0 0 1 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 25 36 37 41 41 34 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 0 17 19 18 18 21 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 2,242 2,094 1,711 1,405 1,152 944 Gross national income (GNI) 160,817 158,469 167,506 170,995 166,956 141,855 42 ANGOLA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 26,796 57,827 59,176 63,218 64,446 67,287 Use of IMF credit 1,302 396 389 1,374 1,861 2,992 Long-term external debt 20,926 53,028 55,079 59,012 59,322 57,918 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 15,662 41,423 42,338 47,510 47,286 47,144 Public sector 15,662 41,423 42,338 47,510 47,286 47,144 of which: General government 7,069 23,962 27,668 33,296 34,677 35,047 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 5,264 11,604 12,741 11,502 12,036 10,774 Short-term external debt 4,568 4,404 3,708 2,832 3,263 6,377 Disbursements (long-term) 6,678 17,457 7,436 12,182 8,905 3,943 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4,047 15,190 7,436 12,182 8,105 3,943 Public sector 4,047 15,190 7,436 12,182 8,105 3,943 of which: General government 550 7,142 6,176 9,882 7,105 2,443 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 2,632 2,267 .. .. 801 .. Principal repayments (long-term) 2,639 8,174 7,381 8,144 8,555 5,739 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,113 7,040 6,812 6,905 8,288 4,478 Public sector 2,113 7,040 6,812 6,905 8,288 4,478 of which: General government 534 2,438 2,742 4,154 5,685 2,464 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 526 1,134 568 1,239 267 1,261 Interest payments (long-term) 257 2,584 1,653 2,809 2,949 2,590 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 177 2,345 1,337 2,408 2,550 2,408 Public sector 177 2,345 1,337 2,408 2,550 2,408 of which: General government 77 1,862 910 1,627 1,843 1,819 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 80 239 315 401 399 182 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 20,926 53,028 55,079 59,012 59,322 57,918 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 15,662 41,423 42,338 47,510 47,286 47,144 Official creditors 5,663 22,926 24,212 25,000 22,526 22,237 Multilateral 445 2,018 2,239 2,268 2,847 3,070 of which: World Bank 378 940 1,025 1,042 1,636 1,746 Bilateral 5,218 20,907 21,973 22,732 19,679 19,167 Private creditors 9,999 18,498 18,126 22,510 24,760 24,907 Bondholders .. 2,500 2,500 6,000 8,000 8,000 Commercial banks and others 9,999 15,998 15,626 16,510 16,760 16,907 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 5,264 11,604 12,741 11,502 12,036 10,774 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 5,264 11,604 12,741 11,502 12,036 10,774 Use of IMF credit 1,302 396 389 1,374 1,861 2,992 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 524 -124 -30 1,012 495 1,019 Long-term 4,039 9,283 56 4,038 350 -1,796 Official creditors 987 9,372 1,223 799 -2,472 -476 Multilateral 3 432 184 44 585 201 of which: World Bank -1 26 55 31 600 89 Bilateral 984 8,940 1,038 755 -3,058 -677 Private creditors 3,052 -89 -1,167 3,239 2,823 -1,320 Bondholders .. 0 .. 3,500 2,000 0 Banks and others 3,052 -89 -1,167 -261 823 -1,320 Short-term 1,992 -1,645 -685 -863 440 3,112 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 3,326 -122 -7,293 -7,104 -4,739 -1,980 Portfolio equity .. 0 0 0 0 0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 52 202 165 151 180 312 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 35 60 52 68 79 117 Debt service to exports (%) 6 38 26 26 32 39 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 17 8 6 4 5 9 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 2 3 4 4 4 5 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 73 41 29 24 25 20 Gross national income (GNI) 75,713 95,850 114,618 93,524 81,901 57,403 43 ARGENTINA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 126,642 181,639 225,925 277,827 281,724 253,760 Use of IMF credit 3,111 2,716 2,877 30,923 46,924 48,874 Long-term external debt 107,119 137,906 167,542 179,135 167,783 162,279 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 69,184 106,603 128,247 135,603 121,319 119,182 Public sector 69,075 106,603 128,247 135,603 121,297 119,160 of which: General government 66,419 105,887 127,653 135,171 120,792 118,911 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 109 0 0 0 22 22 Private sector not guaranteed 37,934 31,303 39,295 43,531 46,464 43,097 Short-term external debt 16,413 41,017 55,507 67,770 67,016 42,607 Disbursements (long-term) 6,923 55,432 61,802 66,555 25,171 23,155 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,623 40,883 41,047 48,369 11,559 12,326 Public sector 2,623 40,883 41,047 48,369 11,537 12,326 of which: General government 2,623 40,784 41,047 48,369 11,351 12,326 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. 22 0 Private sector not guaranteed 4,300 14,549 20,755 18,186 13,612 10,830 Principal repayments (long-term) 11,690 11,677 25,519 28,202 29,842 20,371 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 6,035 5,363 17,821 15,787 19,296 6,886 Public sector 6,017 5,363 17,821 15,787 19,296 6,886 of which: General government 5,764 5,106 17,723 15,698 19,210 6,642 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 18 .. .. .. .. 0 Private sector not guaranteed 5,655 6,313 7,698 12,415 10,546 13,485 Interest payments (long-term) 3,789 13,404 13,900 13,385 11,498 5,608 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,700 12,304 12,433 10,996 8,883 2,484 Public sector 2,700 12,304 12,433 10,996 8,883 2,484 of which: General government 2,597 12,270 12,401 10,966 8,855 2,465 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. 0 Private sector not guaranteed 1,089 1,100 1,467 2,389 2,615 3,124 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 107,119 137,906 167,542 179,135 167,783 162,279 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 69,184 106,603 128,247 135,603 121,319 119,182 Official creditors 22,849 26,697 28,236 29,040 29,107 30,260 Multilateral 17,016 20,237 21,342 23,005 23,879 25,301 of which: World Bank 5,349 6,048 6,327 6,879 7,128 7,721 Bilateral 5,833 6,460 6,894 6,034 5,228 4,959 Private creditors 46,335 79,906 100,011 106,564 92,212 88,922 Bondholders 44,344 77,532 98,095 105,287 91,240 87,684 Commercial banks and others 1,992 2,374 1,916 1,276 972 1,238 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 37,934 31,303 39,295 43,531 46,464 43,097 Bondholders 7,855 10,505 15,799 15,933 16,417 15,742 Commercial banks and others 30,080 20,798 23,496 27,598 30,047 27,355 Use of IMF credit 3,111 2,716 2,877 30,923 46,924 48,874 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. 28,623 16,166 0 Long-term -4,767 43,756 36,284 38,353 -4,671 2,784 Official creditors 532 -465 1,358 892 94 982 Multilateral 784 462 1,066 1,669 880 1,426 of which: World Bank 46 198 239 557 249 594 Bilateral -253 -927 292 -778 -785 -444 Private creditors -5,298 44,220 34,926 37,461 -4,766 1,802 Bondholders -2,666 39,697 28,088 33,580 -6,769 3,751 Banks and others -2,633 4,523 6,838 3,881 2,004 -1,949 Short-term 2,465 -18,073 17,471 12,149 -721 -24,755 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 7,826 7,992 9,095 10,293 6,496 3,793 Portfolio equity -71 985 3,013 -508 65 -430 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 151 245 289 333 327 371 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 31 33 36 56 66 68 Debt service to exports (%) 19 35 52 52 51 41 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 13 23 25 24 24 17 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 13 11 9 8 8 10 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 39 20 23 23 15 14 Gross national income (GNI) 409,080 545,339 627,248 499,007 427,609 372,835 44 ARMENIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 6,307 9,856 10,228 10,726 11,884 13,094 Use of IMF credit 876 528 530 451 375 646 Long-term external debt 4,775 8,256 8,810 9,141 9,915 10,845 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,560 4,472 5,228 5,371 5,652 5,616 Public sector 2,560 4,472 5,228 5,371 5,652 5,616 of which: General government 2,544 4,351 5,015 5,151 5,438 5,385 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 2,216 3,784 3,583 3,770 4,262 5,229 Short-term external debt 656 1,072 889 1,134 1,595 1,603 Disbursements (long-term) 1,734 1,855 1,501 1,678 2,377 1,827 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 198 603 677 347 867 129 Public sector 198 603 677 347 867 129 of which: General government 198 575 588 321 854 101 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,536 1,252 824 1,331 1,510 1,698 Principal repayments (long-term) 857 1,173 1,117 1,282 1,586 1,044 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 24 73 91 138 568 313 Public sector 24 73 91 138 568 313 of which: General government 24 69 85 125 550 291 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 833 1,101 1,026 1,144 1,018 731 Interest payments (long-term) 60 224 238 269 362 320 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 35 123 140 162 189 167 Public sector 35 123 140 162 189 167 of which: General government 35 120 136 156 183 161 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 25 101 98 107 174 152 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 4,775 8,256 8,810 9,141 9,915 10,845 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,560 4,472 5,228 5,371 5,652 5,616 Official creditors 2,556 3,423 4,163 4,310 4,496 4,555 Multilateral 1,513 2,824 3,237 3,278 3,352 3,401 of which: World Bank 1,267 1,742 1,810 1,798 1,824 1,830 Bilateral 1,042 599 927 1,032 1,144 1,154 Private creditors 4 1,049 1,064 1,061 1,156 1,061 Bondholders .. 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,098 1,000 Commercial banks and others 4 49 64 61 59 61 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 2,216 3,784 3,583 3,770 4,262 5,229 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. 300 Commercial banks and others 2,216 3,784 3,583 3,770 4,262 4,929 Use of IMF credit 876 528 530 451 375 646 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 163 8 -29 -68 -73 247 Long-term 877 681 384 396 792 783 Official creditors 174 522 578 208 204 -84 Multilateral 110 410 301 87 86 -36 of which: World Bank 73 123 5 14 31 -37 Bilateral 65 113 277 122 118 -48 Private creditors 703 159 -193 188 588 867 Bondholders .. 0 0 0 98 202 Banks and others 703 159 -193 188 490 664 Short-term 127 408 -183 245 461 8 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 361 219 70 302 -23 54 Portfolio equity 7 4 -3 0 -5 1 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 193 223 188 183 179 310 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 65 91 86 85 85 105 Debt service to exports (%) 30 33 26 28 31 35 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 10 11 9 11 13 12 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 24 29 32 31 28 26 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 30 22 23 21 24 20 Gross national income (GNI) 9,719 10,791 11,935 12,677 13,901 12,447 45 AZERBAIJAN (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 7,251 14,590 15,301 16,211 15,840 15,812 Use of IMF credit 282 206 219 214 212 221 Long-term external debt 5,970 12,988 14,407 15,428 15,011 15,139 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,812 10,624 12,470 13,956 13,976 14,000 Public sector 3,812 10,624 12,470 13,956 13,976 14,000 of which: General government 2,490 7,339 8,052 7,540 7,776 7,568 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 2,158 2,363 1,937 1,471 1,035 1,138 Short-term external debt 999 1,396 675 570 617 452 Disbursements (long-term) 2,643 2,813 2,886 3,269 1,270 1,111 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 729 2,702 2,822 3,250 1,266 584 Public sector 729 2,702 2,822 3,250 1,266 584 of which: General government 569 1,178 1,104 902 767 308 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,914 111 64 19 4 527 Principal repayments (long-term) 305 1,329 1,771 2,122 1,647 1,290 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 233 735 1,262 1,639 1,201 858 Public sector 233 735 1,262 1,639 1,201 858 of which: General government 72 488 510 1,384 523 571 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 72 594 509 483 447 432 Interest payments (long-term) 78 403 443 538 496 540 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 65 259 326 446 429 482 Public sector 65 259 326 446 429 482 of which: General government 39 165 201 252 257 243 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 13 144 117 91 66 58 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 5,970 12,988 14,407 15,428 15,011 15,139 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,812 10,624 12,470 13,956 13,976 14,000 Official creditors 2,646 5,644 6,662 6,885 7,318 7,233 Multilateral 1,758 4,587 5,569 5,789 6,084 5,897 of which: World Bank 1,063 2,203 2,665 2,538 2,395 2,098 Bilateral 888 1,057 1,093 1,096 1,234 1,337 Private creditors 1,166 4,981 5,809 7,071 6,658 6,767 Bondholders .. 3,250 3,750 3,750 3,750 3,750 Commercial banks and others 1,166 1,731 2,059 3,321 2,908 3,017 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 2,158 2,363 1,937 1,471 1,035 1,138 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. 500 Commercial banks and others 2,158 2,363 1,937 1,471 1,035 638 Use of IMF credit 282 206 219 214 212 221 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit -15 .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 2,337 1,483 1,115 1,147 -377 -179 Official creditors 325 865 901 246 433 -183 Multilateral 315 891 914 245 302 -220 of which: World Bank 137 122 435 -116 -140 -310 Bilateral 11 -26 -13 0 130 37 Private creditors 2,012 618 214 901 -810 4 Bondholders .. 1,000 500 .. 0 500 Banks and others 2,012 -382 -286 901 -810 -496 Short-term 404 -152 -721 -105 47 -165 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 3,353 4,500 2,867 1,403 1,504 507 Portfolio equity 1 0 0 0 19 75 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 25 79 72 60 63 93 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 15 41 39 36 34 38 Debt service to exports (%) 1 10 11 10 9 11 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 14 10 4 4 4 3 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 24 31 36 36 38 37 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 88 40 44 41 44 48 Gross national income (GNI) 49,442 35,395 39,106 44,653 46,113 42,151 46 BANGLADESH (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 26,572 38,481 46,819 52,138 57,094 67,749 Use of IMF credit 1,403 1,546 1,625 1,536 1,414 2,109 Long-term external debt 22,222 29,099 34,429 41,573 45,943 54,654 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 21,146 26,007 31,034 36,335 41,042 49,029 Public sector 21,146 26,007 31,034 36,335 41,042 49,029 of which: General government 21,145 25,443 30,441 35,778 40,468 48,403 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,076 3,093 3,395 5,238 4,901 5,625 Short-term external debt 2,947 7,835 10,765 9,029 9,737 10,986 Disbursements (long-term) 1,355 3,259 5,521 9,690 9,181 10,050 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 968 3,079 4,743 6,994 6,068 7,761 Public sector 968 3,079 4,743 6,994 6,068 7,761 of which: General government 968 3,044 4,714 6,978 6,009 7,695 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 388 180 778 2,696 3,113 2,289 Principal repayments (long-term) 821 1,325 1,468 2,033 4,689 2,873 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 724 892 993 1,180 1,258 1,309 Public sector 724 892 993 1,180 1,258 1,309 of which: General government 724 892 974 1,142 1,221 1,271 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 97 433 475 853 3,431 1,565 Interest payments (long-term) 203 269 418 485 639 680 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 195 228 359 372 487 525 Public sector 195 228 359 372 487 525 of which: General government 195 217 348 361 477 515 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 8 40 59 113 152 155 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 22,222 29,099 34,429 41,573 45,943 54,654 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 21,146 26,007 31,034 36,335 41,042 49,029 Official creditors 21,129 25,979 31,006 36,312 41,024 49,012 Multilateral 18,463 20,819 23,492 24,944 27,158 30,688 of which: World Bank 10,653 11,890 13,621 14,501 15,788 17,572 Bilateral 2,666 5,161 7,514 11,368 13,866 18,325 Private creditors 16 27 28 23 19 16 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 16 27 28 23 19 16 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,076 3,093 3,395 5,238 4,901 5,625 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 1,076 3,093 3,395 5,238 4,901 5,625 Use of IMF credit 1,403 1,546 1,625 1,536 1,414 2,109 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit -45 -19 -13 -52 -114 616 Long-term 534 1,934 4,053 7,656 4,492 7,176 Official creditors 253 2,190 3,753 5,818 4,813 6,456 Multilateral 352 1,390 1,580 1,954 2,350 2,549 of which: World Bank 83 716 1,020 1,219 1,387 1,101 Bilateral -99 801 2,174 3,864 2,464 3,906 Private creditors 282 -257 299 1,839 -321 721 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others 282 -257 299 1,839 -321 721 Short-term 1,014 1,204 2,930 -1,736 708 1,249 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 885 2,127 1,477 1,242 1,305 1,026 Portfolio equity -54 114 258 -33 -70 -355 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 122 102 119 117 126 174 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 21 16 18 18 18 20 Debt service to exports (%) 5 5 5 6 13 10 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 11 20 23 17 17 16 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 69 54 50 48 48 45 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 40 83 70 60 56 62 Gross national income (GNI) 124,617 234,168 260,441 286,536 316,899 338,933 47 BELARUS (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 28,412 37,516 39,584 38,768 40,734 42,491 Use of IMF credit 4,063 496 525 513 510 531 Long-term external debt 12,486 26,398 29,335 28,729 30,026 31,775 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8,014 18,142 20,988 19,988 19,511 20,270 Public sector 7,995 18,142 20,988 19,988 19,511 20,270 of which: General government 6,554 13,642 16,727 16,894 17,132 18,573 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 19 0 .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 4,471 8,257 8,346 8,741 10,514 11,505 Short-term external debt 11,864 10,622 9,725 9,526 10,199 10,186 Disbursements (long-term) 3,810 2,615 5,811 3,743 4,106 4,994 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,679 2,143 4,349 2,673 1,996 3,533 Public sector 2,679 2,143 4,349 2,673 1,996 3,533 of which: General government 2,562 1,935 4,039 2,367 1,656 3,157 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,132 472 1,462 1,070 2,111 1,461 Principal repayments (long-term) 1,265 5,014 3,030 4,130 2,900 2,881 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 463 2,314 1,680 3,455 2,563 2,712 Public sector 463 2,277 1,680 3,455 2,563 2,712 of which: General government 116 893 1,029 1,998 1,512 1,630 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 37 .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 802 2,701 1,350 675 338 169 Interest payments (long-term) 208 964 1,110 1,288 1,307 1,258 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 128 745 868 1,022 1,015 892 Public sector 125 743 868 1,022 1,015 892 of which: General government 107 559 688 789 817 765 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 2 2 .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 80 219 241 265 292 367 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 12,486 26,398 29,335 28,729 30,026 31,775 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 8,014 18,142 20,988 19,988 19,511 20,270 Official creditors 5,729 14,071 15,974 16,495 16,595 16,710 Multilateral 295 3,360 3,942 3,810 3,480 3,595 of which: World Bank 291 725 822 905 948 955 Bilateral 5,434 10,710 12,032 12,685 13,115 13,115 Private creditors 2,286 4,071 5,014 3,493 2,916 3,560 Bondholders 1,019 800 2,200 2,000 2,162 3,521 Commercial banks and others 1,266 3,271 2,814 1,493 755 39 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 4,471 8,257 8,346 8,741 10,514 11,505 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. 966 Commercial banks and others 4,471 8,257 8,346 8,741 10,514 10,539 Use of IMF credit 4,063 496 525 513 510 531 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 668 .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 2,545 -2,400 2,780 -388 1,206 2,112 Official creditors 1,470 914 1,812 727 15 151 Multilateral 34 526 563 -124 -329 82 of which: World Bank 36 83 98 83 39 -10 Bilateral 1,437 387 1,249 851 344 69 Private creditors 1,075 -3,313 968 -1,115 1,191 1,961 Bondholders 1,000 0 1,400 -200 154 2,657 Banks and others 75 -3,313 -432 -915 1,036 -695 Short-term 2,786 -852 -897 -199 672 -8 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,348 1,086 1,068 1,390 1,093 1,307 Portfolio equity 1 0 6 4 7 4 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 95 123 106 89 94 112 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 51 82 75 67 65 74 Debt service to exports (%) 6 20 12 13 10 11 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 42 28 25 25 25 24 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 1 9 10 10 9 8 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 12 9 14 13 17 10 Gross national income (GNI) 56,108 45,508 52,645 57,886 62,540 57,647 48 BELIZE (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 1,304 1,290 1,339 1,349 1,378 1,526 Use of IMF credit 35 24 25 25 25 26 Long-term external debt 1,262 1,262 1,309 1,320 1,349 1,492 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,019 1,177 1,231 1,260 1,286 1,408 Public sector 1,019 1,177 1,231 1,260 1,286 1,408 of which: General government 1,001 1,167 1,215 1,226 1,244 1,363 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 243 85 78 61 63 84 Short-term external debt 7 4 5 4 4 8 Disbursements (long-term) 39 69 107 77 79 153 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 32 67 98 71 70 146 Public sector 32 67 98 71 70 146 of which: General government 32 63 91 53 60 141 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 7 2 9 6 9 7 Principal repayments (long-term) 69 54 57 65 50 45 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 49 43 44 42 44 43 Public sector 49 43 44 42 44 43 of which: General government 42 42 44 41 41 42 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 20 11 12 22 6 2 Interest payments (long-term) 58 48 48 49 54 34 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 47 42 42 43 50 32 Public sector 47 42 42 43 50 32 of which: General government 46 42 41 43 48 30 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 11 7 6 6 4 2 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 1,262 1,262 1,309 1,320 1,349 1,492 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,019 1,177 1,231 1,260 1,286 1,408 Official creditors 425 650 679 706 734 821 Multilateral 254 317 336 348 368 429 of which: World Bank 13 17 16 19 19 28 Bilateral 171 334 344 358 366 392 Private creditors 594 527 552 554 552 587 Bondholders 21 527 527 527 527 563 Commercial banks and others 573 .. 25 27 25 24 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 243 85 78 61 63 84 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 243 85 78 61 63 84 Use of IMF credit 35 24 25 25 25 26 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 0 .. .. .. .. .. Long-term -30 14 50 13 28 108 Official creditors -7 24 28 27 28 87 Multilateral 4 10 18 13 19 61 of which: World Bank -5 3 0 2 0 9 Bilateral -11 13 10 14 8 26 Private creditors -23 -9 22 -14 0 21 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. 17 Banks and others -23 -9 22 -14 0 3 Short-term 0 0 0 0 0 0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 94 33 32 122 94 76 Portfolio equity 0 .. 0 0 0 0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 156 132 129 125 124 211 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 105 77 77 78 76 95 Debt service to exports (%) 15 10 10 11 9 11 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 1 0 0 0 0 1 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 19 25 25 26 27 28 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 17 29 23 22 20 23 Gross national income (GNI) 1,239 1,679 1,733 1,734 1,824 1,605 49 BENIN (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 1,596 2,258 2,794 3,586 3,878 5,250 Use of IMF credit 146 187 226 245 267 563 Long-term external debt 1,112 2,018 2,506 3,295 3,599 4,405 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,112 2,018 2,506 3,295 3,599 4,405 Public sector 1,112 2,018 2,506 3,295 3,599 4,405 of which: General government 1,112 2,018 2,506 3,295 3,599 4,405 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 339 53 62 46 12 283 Disbursements (long-term) 175 240 386 1,061 761 672 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 175 240 386 1,061 761 672 Public sector 175 240 386 1,061 761 672 of which: General government 175 240 386 1,061 761 672 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 26 61 54 170 416 145 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 26 61 54 170 416 145 Public sector 26 61 54 170 416 145 of which: General government 26 61 54 170 416 145 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 13 28 33 40 77 113 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 13 28 33 40 77 113 Public sector 13 28 33 40 77 113 of which: General government 13 28 33 40 77 113 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 1,112 2,018 2,506 3,295 3,599 4,405 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,112 2,018 2,506 3,295 3,599 4,405 Official creditors 1,112 2,018 2,465 2,480 2,535 3,195 Multilateral 937 1,665 2,045 2,028 2,096 2,667 of which: World Bank 383 765 914 984 1,082 1,309 Bilateral 175 353 420 452 439 528 Private creditors .. 0 41 815 1,064 1,210 Bondholders .. .. .. .. 557 614 Commercial banks and others .. 0 41 815 508 597 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 146 187 226 245 267 563 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 16 -10 28 24 24 275 Long-term 149 180 332 892 345 527 Official creditors 149 180 293 91 82 483 Multilateral 137 166 245 42 88 422 of which: World Bank 78 108 102 93 104 162 Bilateral 12 13 48 49 -6 61 Private creditors .. .. 39 801 263 45 Bondholders .. .. .. .. 555 5 Banks and others .. .. 39 801 -291 39 Short-term 134 -7 9 -15 -1 271 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment -26 31 44 -14 102 176 Portfolio equity 5 9 18 0 -8 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 93 68 81 91 105 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 17 19 22 25 27 34 Debt service to exports (%) 3 3 3 6 14 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 21 2 2 1 0 5 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 59 74 73 57 54 51 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 75 .. .. .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 9,482 11,718 12,561 14,106 14,248 15,489 50 BHUTAN (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 934.6 2,289.7 2,607.9 2,552.0 2,703.8 2,869.0 Use of IMF credit 9.2 8.1 8.5 8.3 8.3 8.6 Long-term external debt 919.4 2,281.5 2,596.4 2,539.3 2,667.7 2,858.9 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 919.4 2,221.2 2,540.8 2,484.2 2,616.3 2,817.5 Public sector 919.4 2,221.2 2,540.8 2,484.2 2,616.3 2,817.5 of which: General government 852.5 2,118.2 2,431.3 2,383.9 2,505.1 2,708.7 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 60.3 55.6 55.1 51.5 41.4 Short-term external debt 6.0 0.1 3.0 4.3 27.8 1.5 Disbursements (long-term) 177.8 402.0 219.8 168.1 198.4 242.3 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 177.8 365.0 219.8 168.1 197.7 242.3 Public sector 177.8 365.0 219.8 168.1 197.7 242.3 of which: General government 177.8 365.0 219.8 168.1 184.7 242.3 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 36.9 .. .. 0.7 .. Principal repayments (long-term) 46.6 75.4 46.3 51.3 28.4 37.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 46.6 41.6 41.6 50.8 23.6 27.1 Public sector 46.6 41.6 41.6 50.8 23.6 27.1 of which: General government 46.6 41.6 41.6 50.8 23.6 27.1 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 33.8 4.7 0.5 4.9 10.5 Interest payments (long-term) 40.7 35.2 36.1 35.8 32.2 20.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 40.7 34.3 33.9 34.0 30.8 19.6 Public sector 40.7 34.3 33.9 34.0 30.8 19.6 of which: General government 37.5 29.1 28.6 28.9 23.4 14.4 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 1.0 2.2 1.7 1.5 1.0 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 919.4 2,281.5 2,596.4 2,539.3 2,667.7 2,858.9 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 919.4 2,221.2 2,540.8 2,484.2 2,616.3 2,817.5 Official creditors 898.5 2,186.0 2,505.5 2,455.0 2,592.0 2,795.9 Multilateral 330.1 460.2 532.5 563.4 646.2 789.4 of which: World Bank 112.3 177.6 219.0 243.7 270.9 337.0 Bilateral 568.5 1,725.8 1,973.0 1,891.6 1,945.8 2,006.5 Private creditors 20.9 35.2 35.3 29.2 24.3 21.7 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 20.9 35.2 35.3 29.2 24.3 21.7 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 60.3 55.6 55.1 51.5 41.4 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. 60.3 55.6 55.1 51.5 41.4 Use of IMF credit 9.2 8.1 8.5 8.3 8.3 8.6 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 131.2 326.6 173.5 116.8 170.0 204.6 Official creditors 115.2 327.8 182.6 122.0 178.5 219.6 Multilateral 43.6 1.3 48.1 41.4 85.3 118.4 of which: World Bank 0.4 -0.4 29.7 30.5 28.8 52.0 Bilateral 71.5 326.4 134.5 80.5 93.2 101.2 Private creditors 16.1 -1.2 -9.1 -5.2 -8.6 -15.0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others 16.1 -1.2 -9.1 -5.2 -8.6 -15.0 Short-term 1.0 0.1 2.9 1.3 23.5 -26.3 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 20.2 11.5 -0.7 3.3 12.6 -1.1 Portfolio equity .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 154.0 343.4 349.4 310.8 331.8 351.5 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 64.0 116.0 116.6 114.6 117.5 130.7 Debt service to exports (%) 14.4 16.6 11.1 10.6 7.6 7.1 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.2 1.0 0.1 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 35.3 20.1 20.4 22.1 23.9 27.5 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 107.2 49.2 46.3 38.7 45.4 52.5 Gross national income (GNI) 1,460.0 1,973.5 2,237.5 2,226.7 2,301.0 2,194.4 51 BOLIVIA, PLURINATIONAL STATE OF (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 5,777 10,994 12,990 13,248 14,301 15,421 Use of IMF credit 253 221 234 228 227 582 Long-term external debt 5,187 10,299 12,486 12,317 13,437 14,261 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,830 7,010 9,151 9,905 11,000 11,878 Public sector 2,829 7,010 9,151 9,905 11,000 11,878 of which: General government 2,563 6,984 9,126 9,884 10,982 11,862 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 0 .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 2,358 3,289 3,336 2,412 2,437 2,383 Short-term external debt 336 475 270 703 637 577 Disbursements (long-term) 548 1,432 2,661 1,373 1,741 1,446 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 518 1,002 2,390 1,198 1,514 1,245 Public sector 517 1,002 2,390 1,198 1,514 1,245 of which: General government 453 1,002 2,390 1,198 1,514 1,245 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 30 430 271 176 227 201 Principal repayments (long-term) 569 550 688 640 658 764 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 247 280 331 360 412 458 Public sector 247 280 331 360 412 458 of which: General government 241 276 328 356 409 456 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 322 270 357 280 246 306 Interest payments (long-term) 76 211 283 346 400 391 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 54 185 250 316 371 363 Public sector 54 185 250 316 371 363 of which: General government 51 184 250 316 371 363 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 22 26 33 30 28 29 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 5,187 10,299 12,486 12,317 13,437 14,261 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,830 7,010 9,151 9,905 11,000 11,878 Official creditors 2,806 5,999 7,141 7,897 8,959 9,819 Multilateral 2,285 5,282 6,156 6,710 7,467 8,249 of which: World Bank 355 770 830 847 927 1,300 Bilateral 521 717 985 1,187 1,492 1,569 Private creditors 24 1,011 2,010 2,008 2,041 2,060 Bondholders .. 1,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 Commercial banks and others 24 11 10 8 41 60 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 2,358 3,289 3,336 2,412 2,437 2,383 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 2,358 3,289 3,336 2,412 2,437 2,383 Use of IMF credit 253 221 234 228 227 582 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. 334 Long-term -21 882 1,973 733 1,083 682 Official creditors 338 724 1,060 840 1,070 772 Multilateral 305 661 826 613 756 749 of which: World Bank 44 57 19 37 84 344 Bilateral 33 63 235 227 314 23 Private creditors -359 159 913 -106 13 -90 Bondholders .. 0 1,000 0 0 0 Banks and others -359 159 -87 -106 13 -90 Short-term 32 49 -205 433 -66 -60 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 774 193 706 220 -190 -1,021 Portfolio equity 0 21 30 24 13 -2 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 83 131 133 126 137 202 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 31 33 36 34 36 43 Debt service to exports (%) 9 9 10 10 10 15 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 6 4 2 5 4 4 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 40 48 47 51 52 53 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 141 77 65 54 31 17 Gross national income (GNI) 18,761 33,320 36,399 39,312 40,056 36,171 52 BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 14,289 11,631 13,029 13,254 13,231 14,263 Use of IMF credit 769 770 592 466 398 796 Long-term external debt 12,372 10,213 12,151 12,022 12,474 12,993 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,733 4,396 4,837 4,919 4,876 5,217 Public sector 3,733 4,396 4,837 4,919 4,876 5,217 of which: General government 3,727 4,029 4,425 4,523 4,531 4,844 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 8,638 5,818 7,314 7,103 7,598 7,777 Short-term external debt 1,149 647 286 766 359 474 Disbursements (long-term) 566 1,120 2,392 1,579 1,731 1,646 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 441 399 310 600 409 403 Public sector 441 399 310 600 409 403 of which: General government 441 329 295 559 391 403 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 125 721 2,082 978 1,322 1,243 Principal repayments (long-term) 373 952 889 1,530 1,210 1,435 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 145 267 304 340 384 370 Public sector 145 267 304 340 384 370 of which: General government 145 250 286 301 322 368 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 227 685 585 1,190 827 1,065 Interest payments (long-term) 177 167 231 278 254 217 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 55 65 63 77 80 82 Public sector 55 65 63 77 80 82 of which: General government 55 62 61 75 77 80 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 121 102 167 201 174 135 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 12,372 10,213 12,151 12,022 12,474 12,993 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,733 4,396 4,837 4,919 4,876 5,217 Official creditors 3,255 4,197 4,668 4,596 4,590 4,938 Multilateral 2,416 3,393 3,765 3,724 3,737 4,035 of which: World Bank 1,626 1,514 1,572 1,610 1,584 1,670 Bilateral 840 804 903 872 853 903 Private creditors 478 198 169 322 286 278 Bondholders 273 98 89 256 231 229 Commercial banks and others 204 100 80 66 55 50 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 8,638 5,818 7,314 7,103 7,598 7,777 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 8,638 5,818 7,314 7,103 7,598 7,777 Use of IMF credit 769 770 592 466 398 796 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 237 -6 -218 -114 -66 369 Long-term 194 168 1,503 48 520 211 Official creditors 319 182 59 94 55 64 Multilateral 278 173 27 96 63 69 of which: World Bank 123 0 -36 81 -12 1 Bilateral 41 9 33 -3 -8 -5 Private creditors -125 -14 1,443 -45 465 147 Bondholders -25 -21 -21 176 -21 -21 Banks and others -101 7 1,464 -222 486 168 Short-term -308 1 -362 481 -407 115 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 149 281 463 618 344 301 Portfolio equity 0 3 5 -2 1 -1 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 251 174 163 144 150 198 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 82 69 73 66 66 72 Debt service to exports (%) 10 18 17 22 18 23 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 8 6 2 6 3 3 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 17 29 29 28 28 28 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 31 43 49 50 53 60 Gross national income (GNI) 17,456 16,937 17,929 20,063 20,190 19,854 53 BOTSWANA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 1,807 2,126 1,741 1,782 1,565 1,597 Use of IMF credit 88 77 82 80 79 83 Long-term external debt 1,358 1,670 1,552 1,451 1,346 1,297 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,358 1,670 1,552 1,451 1,334 1,278 Public sector 1,358 1,670 1,552 1,451 1,334 1,278 of which: General government 1,350 1,648 1,538 1,447 1,334 1,238 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. 0 12 19 Short-term external debt 360 379 108 251 139 218 Disbursements (long-term) 17 44 12 47 48 90 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 17 44 12 47 26 74 Public sector 17 44 12 47 26 74 of which: General government 17 44 12 47 26 33 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. 22 16 Principal repayments (long-term) 58 141 144 144 152 147 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 58 141 144 144 141 138 Public sector 58 141 144 144 141 138 of which: General government 54 133 135 135 137 138 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. 10 10 Interest payments (long-term) 18 18 29 31 40 32 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 18 18 29 31 40 31 Public sector 18 18 29 31 40 31 of which: General government 17 18 29 31 40 31 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. 1 1 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 1,358 1,670 1,552 1,451 1,346 1,297 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,358 1,670 1,552 1,451 1,334 1,278 Official creditors 1,357 1,648 1,538 1,447 1,334 1,278 Multilateral 1,219 1,583 1,476 1,389 1,287 1,242 of which: World Bank 11 159 151 174 172 194 Bilateral 138 65 63 58 47 37 Private creditors 1 22 13 4 0 .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 1 22 13 4 0 .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. 0 12 19 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. 0 12 19 Use of IMF credit 88 77 82 80 79 83 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term -41 -97 -132 -97 -104 -57 Official creditors -40 -88 -123 -88 -111 -63 Multilateral -27 -81 -118 -84 -100 -51 of which: World Bank 6 27 -7 22 -2 22 Bilateral -13 -7 -5 -4 -11 -12 Private creditors -1 -9 -9 -9 8 6 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others -1 -9 -9 -9 8 6 Short-term 202 -6 -271 143 -112 79 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 222 68 243 164 -172 -147 Portfolio equity -64 -123 -47 -47 35 -19 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 32 25 24 23 24 33 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 15 15 11 10 9 11 Debt service to exports (%) 1 2 2 2 3 4 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 20 18 6 14 9 14 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 67 74 85 78 82 78 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 436 338 430 374 394 309 Gross national income (GNI) 12,147 14,356 16,039 17,081 16,969 14,524 54 BRAZIL (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 352,364 543,257 543,000 557,743 568,646 549,234 Use of IMF credit 4,446 3,881 4,112 4,015 3,992 4,158 Long-term external debt 282,426 482,174 486,480 486,883 485,474 476,093 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 97,486 174,683 181,161 190,193 193,737 194,237 Public sector 94,425 172,853 179,675 189,132 192,748 193,325 of which: General government 67,300 71,178 70,026 70,449 74,580 79,414 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 3,061 1,830 1,485 1,061 989 913 Private sector not guaranteed 184,940 307,492 305,320 296,690 291,737 281,856 Short-term external debt 65,492 57,202 52,408 66,844 79,179 68,983 Disbursements (long-term) 85,379 106,247 96,730 105,057 114,547 126,736 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 19,957 19,729 30,315 28,809 23,866 39,466 Public sector 19,063 19,608 30,188 28,675 23,681 39,360 of which: General government 9,155 5,732 7,094 4,655 8,920 8,294 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 894 121 128 134 186 106 Private sector not guaranteed 65,422 86,518 66,415 76,249 90,680 87,270 Principal repayments (long-term) 32,026 94,709 75,668 74,508 123,444 109,825 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9,628 18,983 23,218 28,431 30,486 23,162 Public sector 9,209 18,238 22,718 27,874 30,234 22,952 of which: General government 7,964 3,809 8,450 3,645 4,661 3,461 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 419 745 500 557 252 210 Private sector not guaranteed 22,398 75,726 52,450 46,077 92,958 86,663 Interest payments (long-term) 13,157 21,605 18,467 18,681 25,701 20,348 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,172 5,537 6,696 5,679 11,384 9,057 Public sector 5,081 5,460 6,639 5,630 11,344 9,024 of which: General government 4,255 3,163 3,348 3,186 3,548 4,286 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 91 78 57 49 40 33 Private sector not guaranteed 7,985 16,068 11,771 13,002 14,317 11,292 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 282,426 482,174 486,480 486,883 485,474 476,093 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 97,486 174,683 181,161 190,193 193,737 194,237 Official creditors 41,553 41,064 48,327 47,860 43,172 43,946 Multilateral 29,980 32,071 32,678 33,386 33,262 33,712 of which: World Bank 13,523 16,255 16,390 16,213 16,253 15,682 Bilateral 11,573 8,993 15,650 14,474 9,910 10,234 Private creditors 55,933 133,619 132,833 142,333 150,565 150,291 Bondholders 46,806 46,843 44,874 41,979 43,504 47,885 Commercial banks and others 9,127 86,776 87,959 100,355 107,062 102,406 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 184,940 307,492 305,320 296,690 291,737 281,856 Bondholders 83,032 46,930 48,026 32,686 37,553 35,903 Commercial banks and others 101,908 260,562 257,294 264,004 254,184 245,953 Use of IMF credit 4,446 3,881 4,112 4,015 3,992 4,158 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 53,353 11,538 21,062 30,550 -8,897 16,912 Official creditors 8,641 -1,012 7,140 -358 -4,684 500 Multilateral 5,049 427 633 787 -105 516 of which: World Bank 3,512 516 159 -114 43 -569 Bilateral 3,592 -1,439 6,506 -1,144 -4,579 -16 Private creditors 44,712 12,550 13,922 30,907 -4,213 16,412 Bondholders 29,391 -7,710 -643 1,287 -524 3,742 Banks and others 15,321 20,260 14,565 29,620 -3,689 12,670 Short-term 25,706 4,860 -4,798 14,440 12,335 -10,196 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 68,920 48,854 63,999 57,322 63,631 40,546 Portfolio equity 37,671 11,040 5,674 -3,062 -1,810 -5,926 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 141 236 197 194 199 212 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 16 31 27 30 31 39 Debt service to exports (%) 18 51 35 33 53 51 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 19 11 10 12 14 13 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 9 6 6 6 6 6 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 81 67 68 67 62 64 Gross national income (GNI) 2,140,639 1,757,604 2,024,930 1,863,644 1,827,513 1,417,069 55 BULGARIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 50,697 39,994 40,989 40,103 40,501 43,347 Use of IMF credit 941 821 870 850 845 880 Long-term external debt 34,613 30,563 30,583 29,708 29,762 30,592 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4,845 11,050 11,630 11,506 11,186 11,927 Public sector 4,845 11,050 11,630 11,506 11,186 11,927 of which: General government 4,092 10,171 10,424 10,419 10,195 10,933 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 29,768 19,513 18,953 18,202 18,576 18,665 Short-term external debt 15,143 8,609 9,536 9,546 9,895 11,876 Disbursements (long-term) 1,620 7,090 5,445 5,052 4,554 4,633 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 250 2,875 312 917 150 0 Public sector 250 2,875 312 917 150 0 of which: General government 232 2,216 46 892 150 0 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,370 4,215 5,132 4,135 4,405 4,633 Principal repayments (long-term) 3,550 5,795 6,844 5,055 4,286 3,919 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 268 274 1,355 300 256 266 Public sector 268 274 1,355 300 256 266 of which: General government 186 220 1,294 203 179 185 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 3,282 5,521 5,489 4,754 4,029 3,653 Interest payments (long-term) 609 2,170 1,713 1,388 1,180 1,020 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 180 247 304 269 276 279 Public sector 180 247 304 269 276 279 of which: General government 160 237 290 253 261 264 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 430 1,923 1,408 1,118 904 741 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 34,613 30,563 30,583 29,708 29,762 30,592 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 4,845 11,050 11,630 11,506 11,186 11,927 Official creditors 3,210 3,046 3,664 3,214 3,050 3,041 Multilateral 2,388 2,786 3,339 2,966 2,839 2,854 of which: World Bank 1,338 920 1,148 831 727 701 Bilateral 822 261 325 247 211 187 Private creditors 1,635 8,004 7,967 8,292 8,136 8,886 Bondholders 1,618 7,997 7,960 8,286 8,130 8,881 Commercial banks and others 17 6 7 6 6 6 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 29,768 19,513 18,953 18,202 18,576 18,665 Bondholders 134 1,549 1,686 1,405 1,489 1,465 Commercial banks and others 29,635 17,964 17,267 16,797 17,086 17,200 Use of IMF credit 941 821 870 850 845 880 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term -1,930 1,295 -1,399 -2 268 714 Official creditors -12 434 31 -92 -107 -265 Multilateral 42 492 -14 -15 -70 -229 of which: World Bank -70 150 -80 -60 -87 -85 Bilateral -53 -58 45 -76 -36 -36 Private creditors -1,919 861 -1,430 89 375 979 Bondholders .. 2,220 -941 560 86 -82 Banks and others -1,919 -1,359 -488 -471 289 1,062 Short-term -2,654 -159 897 -113 260 1,789 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,642 1,498 964 1,859 911 1,242 Portfolio equity -1 -35 -110 49 -91 -165 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 194 112 99 89 89 108 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 103 77 71 63 60 64 Debt service to exports (%) 16 23 21 15 13 13 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 30 22 23 24 24 27 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 5 7 8 7 7 7 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 30 59 65 67 64 82 Gross national income (GNI) 49,327 52,130 57,539 64,150 67,446 67,448 56 BURKINA FASO (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 2,180 2,864 3,167 3,318 3,687 4,493 Use of IMF credit 217 286 284 269 310 466 Long-term external debt 1,963 2,578 2,883 3,049 3,377 4,027 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,960 2,570 2,873 3,041 3,372 4,021 Public sector 1,960 2,570 2,873 3,041 3,372 4,021 of which: General government 1,935 2,538 2,841 3,016 3,352 4,002 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 3 7 10 7 5 5 Short-term external debt 0 0 0 0 0 0 Disbursements (long-term) 288 265 184 344 463 526 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 286 262 183 344 463 524 Public sector 286 262 183 344 463 524 of which: General government 278 262 183 344 463 524 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1 2 1 .. .. 2 Principal repayments (long-term) 31 76 84 86 100 100 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 31 75 83 84 98 98 Public sector 31 75 83 84 98 98 of which: General government 30 70 78 78 93 97 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0 1 1 2 2 2 Interest payments (long-term) 18 32 33 32 32 36 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 18 31 33 32 32 36 Public sector 18 31 33 32 32 36 of which: General government 18 31 32 31 31 36 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0 0 0 1 0 0 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 1,963 2,578 2,883 3,049 3,377 4,027 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,960 2,570 2,873 3,041 3,372 4,021 Official creditors 1,919 2,552 2,857 3,028 3,360 4,011 Multilateral 1,611 2,196 2,507 2,670 3,008 3,549 of which: World Bank 776 1,171 1,334 1,458 1,673 2,014 Bilateral 308 356 351 358 351 462 Private creditors 41 18 16 14 12 10 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 41 18 16 14 12 10 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 3 7 10 7 5 5 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 3 7 10 7 5 5 Use of IMF credit 217 286 284 269 310 466 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 20 12 -18 -9 42 139 Long-term 257 189 101 258 363 426 Official creditors 241 191 103 262 367 428 Multilateral 230 200 129 246 370 341 of which: World Bank 67 166 78 166 228 230 Bilateral 10 -9 -26 16 -3 87 Private creditors 16 -2 -2 -4 -4 -2 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others 16 -2 -2 -4 -4 -2 Short-term 0 0 0 0 0 0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment -32 166 93 242 234 149 Portfolio equity 3 35 28 31 29 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 110 83 81 70 79 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 22 23 23 22 24 27 Debt service to exports (%) 3 4 4 3 4 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 74 77 79 80 82 79 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 49 .. .. .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 9,808 12,262 13,577 15,377 15,326 16,665 57 BURUNDI (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 620.9 602.8 606.8 585.0 593.9 626.0 Use of IMF credit 223.4 193.6 188.1 166.4 149.1 132.4 Long-term external debt 381.8 408.9 418.5 418.4 444.5 493.3 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 381.8 408.9 418.5 418.4 444.5 493.3 Public sector 381.8 408.9 418.5 418.4 444.5 493.3 of which: General government 380.5 397.6 407.3 407.1 411.0 458.3 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 15.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Disbursements (long-term) 31.6 19.0 5.2 14.2 45.2 48.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 31.6 19.0 5.2 14.2 45.2 48.0 Public sector 31.6 19.0 5.2 14.2 45.2 48.0 of which: General government 31.6 7.8 5.2 14.2 22.8 48.0 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 2.4 11.5 8.0 9.1 18.3 10.3 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2.4 11.5 8.0 9.1 18.3 10.3 Public sector 2.4 11.5 8.0 9.1 18.3 10.3 of which: General government 2.4 11.5 8.0 9.1 18.1 9.8 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 1.4 3.7 2.4 3.1 4.2 3.3 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1.4 3.7 2.4 3.1 4.2 3.3 Public sector 1.4 3.7 2.4 3.1 4.2 3.3 of which: General government 1.4 3.7 2.4 3.0 4.1 3.1 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 381.8 408.9 418.5 418.4 444.5 493.3 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 381.8 408.9 418.5 418.4 444.5 493.3 Official creditors 381.8 408.9 418.5 418.4 444.5 493.3 Multilateral 325.1 310.6 319.2 313.7 342.2 353.2 of which: World Bank 162.7 143.0 148.2 141.5 137.5 139.9 Bilateral 56.7 98.3 99.3 104.6 102.2 140.1 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 223.4 193.6 188.1 166.4 149.1 132.4 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 20.1 -18.0 -16.6 -17.6 -16.2 -22.2 Long-term 29.1 7.5 -2.8 5.1 26.9 37.7 Official creditors 29.1 7.5 -2.8 5.1 26.9 37.7 Multilateral 29.1 9.0 -2.6 -1.1 29.3 0.0 of which: World Bank 17.8 -3.2 -3.2 -3.3 -3.2 -3.2 Bilateral .. -1.5 -0.2 6.2 -2.4 37.8 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 0.8 0.1 0.3 1.0 1.0 6.1 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 341.4 289.1 213.6 193.8 .. .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 30.7 20.4 19.2 19.2 19.7 19.1 Debt service to exports (%) 2.4 16.0 9.6 9.9 .. .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 52.4 51.5 52.6 53.6 57.6 56.4 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 53.3 15.6 15.8 11.4 18.5 14.1 Gross national income (GNI) 2,021.3 2,958.8 3,167.5 3,043.0 3,019.5 3,274.9 58 CABO VERDE (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 884.6 1,551.7 1,790.0 1,767.5 1,821.2 2,069.8 Use of IMF credit 22.7 12.3 13.1 12.8 12.7 47.3 Long-term external debt 861.9 1,539.4 1,776.9 1,754.7 1,808.5 2,022.4 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 861.9 1,539.4 1,776.9 1,754.7 1,808.5 2,022.4 Public sector 861.9 1,536.3 1,774.0 1,752.1 1,806.5 2,021.4 of which: General government 861.9 1,536.3 1,774.0 1,752.1 1,806.5 2,021.4 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 3.1 2.9 2.6 2.0 1.1 Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 Disbursements (long-term) 202.7 69.5 111.8 75.2 118.4 124.2 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 202.7 69.5 111.8 75.2 118.4 124.2 Public sector 202.7 69.5 111.8 75.2 118.4 124.2 of which: General government 202.7 69.5 111.8 75.2 118.4 124.2 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. 0.0 Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 25.0 25.6 32.6 36.7 42.1 42.5 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 25.0 25.6 32.6 36.7 42.1 42.5 Public sector 25.0 25.6 32.2 36.5 41.5 41.5 of which: General government 25.0 25.6 32.2 36.5 41.5 41.5 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.9 Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 7.7 18.1 18.1 19.2 19.2 16.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 7.7 18.1 18.1 19.2 19.2 16.6 Public sector 7.7 18.1 18.1 19.2 19.1 16.4 of which: General government 7.7 18.1 18.1 19.2 19.1 16.4 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. 0.1 0.2 Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 861.9 1,539.4 1,776.9 1,754.7 1,808.5 2,022.4 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 861.9 1,539.4 1,776.9 1,754.7 1,808.5 2,022.4 Official creditors 777.9 1,077.7 1,238.3 1,240.5 1,301.5 1,464.3 Multilateral 597.6 737.2 811.6 816.9 882.5 1,014.1 of which: World Bank 303.1 344.7 361.7 351.4 406.1 482.1 Bilateral 180.3 340.5 426.7 423.6 419.0 450.1 Private creditors 84.1 461.7 538.6 514.2 507.0 558.2 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 84.1 461.7 538.6 514.2 507.0 558.2 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 22.7 12.3 13.1 12.8 12.7 47.3 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit -2.3 .. .. .. .. 33.0 Long-term 177.6 43.9 79.2 38.5 76.3 81.7 Official creditors 100.1 27.5 66.7 38.5 73.9 77.6 Multilateral 70.3 20.7 17.0 28.4 74.1 79.1 of which: World Bank 21.7 -2.0 -6.3 -1.0 57.0 55.5 Bilateral 29.9 6.8 49.7 10.1 -0.2 -1.5 Private creditors 77.5 16.4 12.5 .. 2.5 4.1 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others 77.5 16.4 12.5 .. 2.5 4.1 Short-term 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 95.3 125.5 120.0 112.5 102.5 74.2 Portfolio equity 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 137.5 209.7 216.8 177.0 175.2 467.5 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 55.6 96.8 104.8 92.0 93.9 124.3 Debt service to exports (%) 5.4 5.9 6.1 5.6 5.9 13.3 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 67.6 47.5 45.3 46.2 48.5 49.0 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 43.2 36.9 34.5 34.3 40.5 32.6 Gross national income (GNI) 1,591.1 1,603.7 1,708.7 1,920.6 1,939.5 1,665.0 59 CAMBODIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 4,010 10,060 11,425 13,533 15,329 17,562 Use of IMF credit 129 113 120 117 116 121 Long-term external debt 3,502 8,220 9,527 11,050 11,801 13,659 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,060 5,831 6,577 6,994 7,562 8,758 Public sector 3,060 5,831 6,577 6,994 7,562 8,758 of which: General government 3,060 5,831 6,577 6,994 7,562 8,758 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 442 2,388 2,951 4,056 4,239 4,902 Short-term external debt 379 1,727 1,778 2,366 3,413 3,782 Disbursements (long-term) 596 1,075 1,967 2,750 2,049 2,889 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 348 520 657 716 824 1,212 Public sector 348 520 657 716 824 1,212 of which: General government 348 520 657 716 824 1,212 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 248 555 1,310 2,033 1,226 1,677 Principal repayments (long-term) 33 643 888 1,109 1,260 1,279 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 33 114 140 180 218 264 Public sector 33 114 140 180 218 264 of which: General government 33 114 140 180 218 264 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 529 747 928 1,042 1,014 Interest payments (long-term) 27 83 87 103 139 147 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 26 72 72 85 93 95 Public sector 26 72 72 85 93 95 of which: General government 26 72 72 85 93 95 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1 11 15 17 47 52 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 3,502 8,220 9,527 11,050 11,801 13,659 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,060 5,831 6,577 6,994 7,562 8,758 Official creditors 3,060 5,831 6,577 6,994 7,562 8,758 Multilateral 1,529 1,735 1,938 1,957 2,102 2,691 of which: World Bank 565 518 550 544 585 685 Bilateral 1,531 4,097 4,639 5,037 5,459 6,066 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: 442 2,388 2,951 4,056 4,239 4,902 Bondholders .. .. .. 300 300 650 Commercial banks and others 442 2,388 2,951 3,756 3,939 4,252 Use of IMF credit 129 113 120 117 116 121 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 562 433 1,079 1,641 789 1,610 Official creditors 315 406 517 536 606 947 Multilateral 51 106 98 65 156 502 of which: World Bank 9 -7 1 7 44 73 Bilateral 264 300 419 471 449 445 Private creditors 248 26 562 1,105 183 663 Bondholders .. .. .. 300 .. 350 Banks and others 248 26 562 805 183 313 Short-term 149 407 51 588 1,046 369 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,404 2,476 2,788 3,213 3,663 3,625 Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 0 0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 66 69 70 71 70 88 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 37 54 55 59 60 72 Debt service to exports (%) 1 5 6 7 7 7 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 9 17 16 17 22 22 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 38 17 17 14 14 15 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 81 83 99 99 111 106 Gross national income (GNI) 10,728 18,788 20,800 22,915 25,526 24,281 60 CAMEROON (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 3,190 7,890 10,073 10,926 12,849 13,864 Use of IMF credit 445 318 602 714 760 1,269 Long-term external debt 2,737 7,310 8,943 9,778 11,712 12,226 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,160 6,297 8,018 9,076 10,309 11,460 Public sector 2,160 6,297 8,018 9,076 10,309 11,460 of which: General government 2,157 6,296 8,017 9,075 10,308 11,459 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 577 1,012 925 703 1,403 766 Short-term external debt 9 262 528 433 377 369 Disbursements (long-term) 278 1,458 1,648 1,692 2,590 1,152 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 278 1,209 1,588 1,638 1,753 1,126 Public sector 278 1,209 1,588 1,638 1,753 1,126 of which: General government 278 1,209 1,588 1,638 1,753 1,125 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 249 61 53 837 26 Principal repayments (long-term) 160 550 413 623 762 893 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 122 277 175 372 436 552 Public sector 122 277 175 372 436 552 of which: General government 118 277 175 372 436 551 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 38 273 238 250 325 341 Interest payments (long-term) 42 280 272 405 348 346 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 27 168 240 237 235 333 Public sector 27 168 240 237 235 333 of which: General government 27 168 240 237 235 333 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 15 112 32 168 112 13 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 2,737 7,310 8,943 9,778 11,712 12,226 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,160 6,297 8,018 9,076 10,309 11,460 Official creditors 2,140 5,283 6,880 7,799 8,932 10,092 Multilateral 787 1,886 2,448 3,208 3,750 4,423 of which: World Bank 374 897 1,306 1,432 1,733 1,915 Bilateral 1,353 3,396 4,431 4,591 5,183 5,669 Private creditors 20 1,015 1,138 1,277 1,376 1,368 Bondholders .. 750 750 750 750 750 Commercial banks and others 20 265 388 527 626 618 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 577 1,012 925 703 1,403 766 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 577 1,012 925 703 1,403 766 Use of IMF credit 445 318 602 714 760 1,269 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. -30 258 128 50 461 Long-term 118 908 1,235 1,069 1,828 260 Official creditors 150 896 1,318 1,110 1,210 619 Multilateral 118 247 480 857 581 391 of which: World Bank 75 127 353 165 312 93 Bilateral 32 649 837 254 629 229 Private creditors -32 12 -82 -41 618 -360 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others -32 12 -82 -41 618 -360 Short-term 0 -36 262 -95 -62 -27 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 526 48 219 476 758 488 Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 0 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 56 122 149 145 161 221 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 12 25 29 29 34 35 Debt service to exports (%) 4 13 11 14 14 20 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0 3 5 4 3 3 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 25 24 24 29 29 32 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 114 28 32 32 .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 25,905 32,085 34,348 37,954 38,260 39,217 61 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 634.3 735.4 762.8 825.0 887.6 975.7 Use of IMF credit 172.6 184.6 235.4 279.1 296.5 355.4 Long-term external debt 375.8 462.1 438.6 457.5 458.8 468.8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 375.8 462.1 438.6 457.5 458.8 468.8 Public sector 375.8 462.1 438.6 457.5 458.8 468.8 of which: General government 357.3 447.7 435.6 454.9 457.1 467.6 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 85.9 88.7 88.8 88.4 132.3 151.5 Disbursements (long-term) 35.0 12.2 14.6 66.6 22.2 26.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 35.0 12.2 14.6 66.6 22.2 26.0 Public sector 35.0 12.2 14.6 66.6 22.2 26.0 of which: General government 35.0 12.2 14.6 66.6 22.2 26.0 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 1.8 4.3 15.3 10.4 15.8 5.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1.8 4.3 15.3 10.4 15.8 5.0 Public sector 1.8 4.3 15.3 10.4 15.8 5.0 of which: General government 1.0 4.3 2.7 10.1 15.0 4.5 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 1.2 1.5 7.5 2.0 2.2 1.2 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1.2 1.5 7.5 2.0 2.2 1.2 Public sector 1.2 1.5 7.5 2.0 2.2 1.2 of which: General government 1.2 1.5 5.6 2.0 2.2 1.2 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 375.8 462.1 438.6 457.5 458.8 468.8 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 375.8 462.1 438.6 457.5 458.8 468.8 Official creditors 336.6 416.4 392.6 411.6 413.0 422.6 Multilateral 43.1 78.7 96.3 151.1 153.7 176.7 of which: World Bank 13.9 59.9 64.2 98.5 107.0 130.4 Bilateral 293.6 337.7 296.3 260.5 259.2 245.8 Private creditors 39.2 45.7 46.0 45.9 45.9 46.2 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 39.2 45.7 46.0 45.9 45.9 46.2 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 172.6 184.6 235.4 279.1 296.5 355.4 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 13.2 15.5 38.8 50.1 19.0 45.1 Long-term 33.1 7.9 -0.6 56.1 6.4 21.0 Official creditors 32.6 7.9 -0.6 56.1 6.4 20.9 Multilateral 5.1 5.6 13.4 58.4 3.4 16.5 of which: World Bank 5.0 3.1 1.1 37.1 9.0 18.4 Bilateral 27.6 2.2 -14.0 -2.3 2.9 4.5 Private creditors 0.5 .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others 0.5 .. .. .. .. .. Short-term 0.0 -2.7 0.6 -0.2 10.3 18.5 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 61.5 7.3 6.9 18.0 25.6 34.7 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) .. .. .. .. .. .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 29.5 39.8 35.0 34.6 37.2 39.7 Debt service to exports (%) .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 13.5 12.1 11.6 10.7 14.9 15.5 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 6.8 10.7 12.6 18.3 17.3 18.1 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 28.6 32.6 47.6 43.9 39.5 .. Gross national income (GNI) 2,152.2 1,847.8 2,177.9 2,386.7 2,386.0 2,456.8 62 CHAD (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 2,158 2,867 3,124 3,243 3,313 3,654 Use of IMF credit 99 193 254 395 470 678 Long-term external debt 2,049 2,658 2,842 2,817 2,817 2,945 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,049 2,658 2,842 2,817 2,817 2,945 Public sector 2,049 2,658 2,842 2,817 2,817 2,945 of which: General government 2,016 2,658 2,842 2,817 2,817 2,945 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 9 17 28 31 26 31 Disbursements (long-term) 366 151 242 52 42 119 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 366 151 242 52 42 119 Public sector 366 151 242 52 42 119 of which: General government 366 151 242 52 42 119 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 45 98 128 43 30 61 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 45 98 128 43 30 61 Public sector 45 98 128 43 30 61 of which: General government 45 98 128 43 30 61 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 17 53 55 61 59 50 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 17 53 55 61 59 50 Public sector 17 53 55 61 59 50 of which: General government 16 53 55 61 59 50 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 2,049 2,658 2,842 2,817 2,817 2,945 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,049 2,658 2,842 2,817 2,817 2,945 Official creditors 2,032 1,286 1,584 1,559 1,559 1,688 Multilateral 1,529 562 687 660 652 692 of which: World Bank 865 180 189 181 176 180 Bilateral 504 724 897 898 907 995 Private creditors 17 1,372 1,258 1,258 1,258 1,258 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 17 1,372 1,258 1,258 1,258 1,258 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 99 193 254 395 470 678 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit -11 62 49 149 77 183 Long-term 321 53 114 10 12 58 Official creditors 323 132 228 10 12 59 Multilateral 27 57 84 -9 -2 4 of which: World Bank -16 -2 -1 -4 -4 -3 Bilateral 296 75 143 18 15 54 Private creditors -2 -79 -114 .. .. -1 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others -2 -79 -114 .. .. -1 Short-term -6 0 0 0 0 0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 313 245 363 461 567 558 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) .. .. .. .. .. .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 21 29 32 29 30 37 Debt service to exports (%) .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0 1 1 1 1 1 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 71 20 22 20 20 19 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 29 0 0 5 9 .. Gross national income (GNI) 10,312 9,912 9,870 11,075 11,141 9,948 63 CHINA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 742,756 1,413,804 1,704,516 1,961,528 2,114,163 2,349,389 Use of IMF credit 10,764 9,396 9,954 9,721 9,665 10,067 Long-term external debt 219,668 603,012 663,929 732,906 899,185 1,103,090 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 102,293 160,192 196,294 259,689 318,065 414,838 Public sector 102,164 160,144 196,260 259,669 318,058 414,838 of which: General government 59,405 99,109 101,853 126,558 161,780 219,292 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 129 48 34 20 7 0 Private sector not guaranteed 117,375 442,820 467,635 473,217 581,120 688,252 Short-term external debt 512,323 801,396 1,030,633 1,218,901 1,205,312 1,236,232 Disbursements (long-term) 39,167 162,013 227,029 247,602 338,243 382,756 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 12,421 20,639 51,019 79,731 79,493 116,644 Public sector 12,421 20,639 51,019 79,731 79,493 116,644 of which: General government 3,144 10,264 6,482 29,611 38,598 59,200 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 26,746 141,374 176,010 167,870 258,750 266,112 Principal repayments (long-term) 18,784 131,319 144,688 160,496 180,605 180,784 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 11,980 16,476 15,447 15,293 20,634 24,179 Public sector 11,967 16,462 15,433 15,279 20,620 24,172 of which: General government 3,154 9,951 3,775 4,779 3,376 3,173 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 14 14 14 14 14 7 Private sector not guaranteed 6,803 114,844 129,241 145,203 159,972 156,605 Interest payments (long-term) 5,484 11,211 16,565 27,184 35,730 32,117 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,819 2,035 3,350 6,135 8,670 9,030 Public sector 1,817 2,034 3,349 6,134 8,670 9,030 of which: General government 1,052 754 1,479 2,825 3,387 2,373 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 1 1 1 1 0 Private sector not guaranteed 3,665 9,175 13,215 21,049 27,059 23,087 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 219,668 603,012 663,929 732,906 899,185 1,103,090 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 102,293 160,192 196,294 259,689 318,065 414,838 Official creditors 75,494 59,894 56,215 54,502 53,840 53,144 Multilateral 35,527 33,430 34,191 34,439 35,427 35,639 of which: World Bank 22,135 16,215 16,356 16,095 16,271 16,236 Bilateral 39,967 26,464 22,025 20,062 18,413 17,506 Private creditors 26,799 100,298 140,079 205,188 264,225 361,693 Bondholders 12,398 69,469 101,554 163,960 214,523 311,239 Commercial banks and others 14,401 30,829 38,524 41,228 49,701 50,454 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 117,375 442,820 467,635 473,217 581,120 688,252 Bondholders 5,561 101,999 152,191 179,902 234,623 323,512 Commercial banks and others 111,814 340,821 315,443 293,314 346,497 364,739 Use of IMF credit 10,764 9,396 9,954 9,721 9,665 10,067 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 20,383 30,694 82,340 87,106 157,638 201,972 Official creditors -2,277 -3,814 -3,653 -1,702 -698 -1,351 Multilateral 959 31 399 382 1,063 -26 of which: World Bank -160 -727 -15 -205 205 -83 Bilateral -3,237 -3,844 -4,052 -2,083 -1,761 -1,325 Private creditors 22,661 34,508 85,993 88,808 158,336 203,323 Bondholders -1,459 22,273 82,189 94,185 105,319 184,067 Banks and others 24,120 12,234 3,805 -5,377 53,017 19,256 Short-term 271,814 -20,848 229,237 188,268 -13,589 30,920 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 225,593 164,930 140,569 185,911 162,253 170,022 Portfolio equity 31,110 23,463 36,101 60,411 45,207 62,892 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 41 58 63 67 73 79 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 12 13 14 14 15 16 Debt service to exports (%) 3 7 8 8 9 9 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 69 57 60 62 57 53 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 5 2 2 2 2 2 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 386 214 185 158 148 138 Gross national income (GNI) 6,061,092 11,188,325 12,300,722 13,819,938 14,246,121 14,623,681 64 COLOMBIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 64,432 120,659 125,769 132,965 138,625 155,172 Use of IMF credit 1,137 993 1,051 1,027 1,021 6,464 Long-term external debt 55,383 108,386 111,689 117,021 121,969 134,636 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 37,058 73,181 74,191 74,607 74,810 84,826 Public sector 36,555 72,934 73,954 74,383 74,600 84,629 of which: General government 31,631 47,938 51,079 54,323 54,746 61,262 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 503 246 237 224 210 197 Private sector not guaranteed 18,325 35,205 37,498 42,414 47,159 49,810 Short-term external debt 7,912 11,280 13,029 14,918 15,635 14,071 Disbursements (long-term) 12,970 18,508 17,291 22,912 15,786 25,161 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,629 6,857 7,074 6,887 5,036 13,105 Public sector 3,559 6,857 7,074 6,887 5,036 13,105 of which: General government 3,426 4,611 5,454 5,712 3,779 8,299 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 71 .. 0 0 0 .. Private sector not guaranteed 9,340 11,651 10,217 16,025 10,750 12,056 Principal repayments (long-term) 6,566 10,494 16,280 17,863 12,077 15,058 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,318 2,742 6,651 6,754 4,669 3,590 Public sector 2,223 2,733 6,642 6,741 4,656 3,576 of which: General government 1,926 2,058 2,887 2,143 3,260 2,343 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 95 10 10 13 13 13 Private sector not guaranteed 4,248 7,752 9,628 11,109 7,408 11,469 Interest payments (long-term) 2,839 4,820 5,480 5,875 6,401 5,991 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,121 3,117 3,528 3,581 3,802 3,478 Public sector 2,112 3,111 3,522 3,574 3,794 3,474 of which: General government 1,812 2,005 2,278 2,257 2,498 2,345 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 10 5 5 7 7 4 Private sector not guaranteed 717 1,703 1,952 2,293 2,600 2,513 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 55,383 108,386 111,689 117,021 121,969 134,636 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 37,058 73,181 74,191 74,607 74,810 84,826 Official creditors 16,483 25,125 25,574 27,744 27,775 31,127 Multilateral 15,898 19,918 20,548 22,017 22,692 25,523 of which: World Bank 7,504 9,516 9,520 10,233 10,582 11,989 Bilateral 585 5,206 5,026 5,727 5,083 5,604 Private creditors 20,574 48,056 48,617 46,862 47,035 53,699 Bondholders 17,965 39,601 42,576 40,852 41,581 48,250 Commercial banks and others 2,609 8,456 6,041 6,011 5,454 5,449 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 18,325 35,205 37,498 42,414 47,159 49,810 Bondholders 3,329 9,146 10,206 9,521 10,481 8,954 Commercial banks and others 14,996 26,058 27,292 32,892 36,677 40,856 Use of IMF credit 1,137 993 1,051 1,027 1,021 6,464 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. 5,224 Long-term 6,404 8,014 1,011 5,049 3,710 10,103 Official creditors 1,137 2,039 152 2,501 169 2,967 Multilateral 1,082 1,861 344 1,683 783 2,594 of which: World Bank 936 945 -279 908 410 1,159 Bilateral 55 178 -192 818 -615 372 Private creditors 5,267 5,976 859 2,547 3,541 7,136 Bondholders 987 1,606 3,820 -2,284 1,715 5,027 Banks and others 4,280 4,369 -2,961 4,831 1,826 2,109 Short-term 3,900 -655 1,749 1,889 718 -1,564 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 7,065 9,176 12,043 9,931 11,903 5,573 Portfolio equity 1,488 -363 472 -823 -1,232 -454 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 133 253 230 218 233 357 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 23 43 41 41 44 58 Debt service to exports (%) 20 33 41 40 32 50 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 12 9 10 11 11 9 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 25 17 16 17 16 16 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 43 38 37 36 37 38 Gross national income (GNI) 276,075 279,763 306,185 325,604 316,299 265,961 65 COMOROS (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 278.4 180.0 186.6 245.0 265.7 300.8 Use of IMF credit 25.4 26.6 26.1 22.3 30.7 41.9 Long-term external debt 248.5 151.9 159.5 221.4 233.0 257.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 248.5 151.9 159.5 221.4 233.0 257.7 Public sector 248.5 151.9 159.5 221.4 233.0 257.7 of which: General government 248.5 151.9 159.5 221.4 233.0 257.7 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 4.4 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.9 1.2 Disbursements (long-term) 0.0 58.7 5.5 68.2 14.5 18.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 0.0 58.7 5.5 68.2 14.5 18.7 Public sector 0.0 58.7 5.5 68.2 14.5 18.7 of which: General government 0.0 58.7 5.5 68.2 14.5 18.7 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 3.1 4.4 1.9 2.0 0.3 3.3 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3.1 4.4 1.9 2.0 0.3 3.3 Public sector 3.1 4.4 1.9 2.0 0.3 3.3 of which: General government 3.1 4.4 1.9 2.0 0.3 3.3 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 1.1 0.2 0.1 1.0 0.1 1.8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1.1 0.2 0.1 1.0 0.1 1.8 Public sector 1.1 0.2 0.1 1.0 0.1 1.8 of which: General government 1.1 0.2 0.1 1.0 0.1 1.8 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 248.5 151.9 159.5 221.4 233.0 257.7 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 248.5 151.9 159.5 221.4 233.0 257.7 Official creditors 248.5 151.9 159.5 221.4 233.0 257.7 Multilateral 201.6 53.2 54.2 54.0 68.0 76.7 of which: World Bank 115.5 12.9 13.3 12.7 12.3 16.7 Bilateral 46.9 98.7 105.2 167.4 165.0 181.0 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. 0.0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. 0.0 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 25.4 26.6 26.1 22.3 30.7 41.9 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 2.4 -1.8 -2.0 -3.2 8.5 9.6 Long-term -3.1 54.3 3.6 66.2 14.2 15.4 Official creditors -3.1 54.3 3.6 66.2 14.2 15.4 Multilateral -3.1 -3.1 -0.3 0.3 14.1 6.0 of which: World Bank -1.7 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 3.5 Bilateral .. 57.4 3.9 65.9 0.1 9.4 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. 0.0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others .. .. .. .. .. 0.0 Short-term 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 8.4 3.6 3.9 5.7 3.7 8.6 Portfolio equity 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 306.7 155.4 137.2 154.9 175.9 385.1 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 30.7 17.7 17.2 20.7 22.7 24.5 Debt service to exports (%) 4.7 5.5 3.0 3.9 2.9 10.4 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 1.6 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.4 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 72.4 29.6 29.1 22.0 25.6 25.5 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 52.2 88.2 111.0 81.0 75.7 97.5 Gross national income (GNI) 907.1 1,018.2 1,083.4 1,185.4 1,171.0 1,227.3 66 CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 6,137 5,022 5,084 4,956 5,618 6,137 Use of IMF credit 1,110 989 954 839 1,130 1,511 Long-term external debt 4,592 3,817 4,004 4,023 4,279 4,496 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4,592 3,817 4,004 4,023 4,279 4,496 Public sector 4,592 3,817 4,004 4,023 4,279 4,496 of which: General government 4,361 3,817 4,004 4,023 4,279 4,496 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 435 215 126 94 209 131 Disbursements (long-term) 78 65 348 233 480 277 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 78 65 348 233 480 277 Public sector 78 65 348 233 480 277 of which: General government 78 65 348 233 480 277 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 89 271 182 180 184 160 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 89 271 182 180 184 160 Public sector 89 271 182 180 184 160 of which: General government 77 271 182 180 184 160 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 124 132 119 98 824 110 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 124 132 119 98 824 110 Public sector 124 132 119 98 824 110 of which: General government 120 132 119 98 824 110 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 4,592 3,817 4,004 4,023 4,279 4,496 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 4,592 3,817 4,004 4,023 4,279 4,496 Official creditors 4,514 3,816 4,003 3,993 4,177 4,361 Multilateral 2,585 1,724 1,995 2,037 2,122 2,290 of which: World Bank 849 827 942 1,098 1,288 1,521 Bilateral 1,929 2,091 2,008 1,956 2,055 2,071 Private creditors 77 2 1 30 102 135 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 77 2 1 30 102 135 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 1,110 989 954 839 1,130 1,511 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 19 -78 -92 -94 295 323 Long-term -11 -206 166 53 296 116 Official creditors -27 -197 166 37 224 83 Multilateral 1 -126 182 73 93 92 of which: World Bank 17 11 65 180 195 178 Bilateral -27 -71 -16 -36 130 -8 Private creditors 16 -9 -1 16 72 33 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others 16 -9 -1 16 72 33 Short-term 38 15 9 -33 116 -78 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 2,736 1,205 1,340 1,617 1,478 1,647 Portfolio equity .. 0 -10 -7 -30 -6 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 69 42 44 31 37 43 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 30 14 14 11 11 13 Debt service to exports (%) 3 4 3 2 7 2 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 7 4 2 2 4 2 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 42 34 39 41 38 37 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 21 14 14 13 21 12 Gross national income (GNI) 20,655 36,345 36,946 45,550 48,962 48,596 67 CONGO, REPUBLIC OF (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 2,947 4,090 4,614 4,224 5,175 5,149 Use of IMF credit 150 116 120 115 157 162 Long-term external debt 2,601 3,788 4,221 3,842 4,795 4,713 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,601 3,788 4,221 3,842 4,795 4,707 Public sector 2,601 3,788 4,221 3,842 4,795 4,707 of which: General government 2,601 3,788 4,221 3,842 4,795 4,707 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. 6 Short-term external debt 197 187 273 266 223 274 Disbursements (long-term) 874 344 693 115 1,332 187 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 874 344 693 115 1,332 181 Public sector 874 344 693 115 1,332 181 of which: General government 835 344 693 115 1,332 181 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. 6 Principal repayments (long-term) 124 271 304 355 414 560 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 124 271 304 355 414 560 Public sector 124 271 304 355 414 560 of which: General government 124 271 304 355 414 560 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 28 35 35 78 86 95 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 28 35 35 78 86 95 Public sector 28 35 35 78 86 95 of which: General government 28 35 35 78 86 95 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. 0 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 2,601 3,788 4,221 3,842 4,795 4,713 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,601 3,788 4,221 3,842 4,795 4,707 Official creditors 1,174 2,655 3,273 3,023 4,075 3,920 Multilateral 209 259 687 675 894 1,002 of which: World Bank 84 122 153 192 243 342 Bilateral 965 2,396 2,586 2,348 3,181 2,918 Private creditors 1,426 1,133 948 820 720 787 Bondholders 454 377 350 322 295 268 Commercial banks and others 973 756 598 497 425 519 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. 6 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. 6 Use of IMF credit 150 116 120 115 157 162 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 2 -4 -2 -2 43 -1 Long-term 750 73 389 -240 918 -373 Official creditors 443 178 517 -99 1,018 -248 Multilateral 12 51 407 -2 223 58 of which: World Bank 2 16 23 43 53 87 Bilateral 431 127 110 -98 795 -306 Private creditors 307 -105 -127 -140 -100 -125 Bondholders 0 -23 -27 -27 -27 -27 Banks and others 307 -82 -100 -113 -73 -98 Short-term -40 -266 135 -63 -47 54 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 670 -232 4,417 4,315 3,366 4,016 Portfolio equity 0 .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 33 89 .. .. .. .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 24 42 48 36 52 55 Debt service to exports (%) 2 7 .. .. .. .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 7 5 6 6 4 5 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 7 6 15 16 17 19 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 151 17 8 10 19 .. Gross national income (GNI) 12,210 9,768 9,551 11,623 9,961 9,313 68 COSTA RICA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 8,154 25,563 25,616 28,369 29,801 31,288 Use of IMF credit 241 210 223 218 216 757 Long-term external debt 5,482 22,797 22,855 24,782 26,829 26,589 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,822 11,054 11,037 11,941 13,392 12,570 Public sector 3,822 11,054 11,037 11,941 13,392 12,570 of which: General government 2,772 6,142 6,264 6,581 8,457 8,464 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,660 11,744 11,817 12,841 13,437 14,019 Short-term external debt 2,431 2,555 2,538 3,370 2,755 3,942 Disbursements (long-term) 1,455 3,991 1,985 4,418 3,569 1,873 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 928 1,351 599 1,701 2,486 498 Public sector 928 1,351 599 1,701 2,486 498 of which: General government 596 434 248 449 2,006 383 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 528 2,640 1,386 2,716 1,083 1,375 Principal repayments (long-term) 617 1,721 1,797 2,024 1,959 2,139 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 342 444 485 897 1,073 1,325 Public sector 342 444 485 897 1,073 1,325 of which: General government 146 134 135 127 131 381 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 275 1,277 1,312 1,127 886 814 Interest payments (long-term) 313 1,055 1,109 1,261 1,123 767 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 213 601 638 687 674 310 Public sector 213 601 638 687 674 310 of which: General government 161 356 364 368 375 176 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 100 454 471 574 448 457 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 5,482 22,797 22,855 24,782 26,829 26,589 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,822 11,054 11,037 11,941 13,392 12,570 Official creditors 2,196 3,176 3,230 4,662 4,910 4,918 Multilateral 1,767 2,751 2,777 4,199 4,443 4,456 of which: World Bank 570 736 788 903 955 1,021 Bilateral 430 426 453 464 466 462 Private creditors 1,626 7,877 7,807 7,278 8,482 7,652 Bondholders 1,310 6,251 6,250 6,250 7,600 6,983 Commercial banks and others 316 1,626 1,557 1,028 882 670 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,660 11,744 11,817 12,841 13,437 14,019 Bondholders .. 1,850 2,150 2,100 2,100 2,100 Commercial banks and others 1,660 9,894 9,667 10,741 11,337 11,919 Use of IMF credit 241 210 223 218 216 757 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. 515 Long-term 839 2,270 188 2,394 1,610 -266 Official creditors 590 519 184 1,333 209 2 Multilateral 579 414 171 1,321 208 29 of which: World Bank 512 135 52 115 52 71 Bilateral 11 105 13 12 1 -26 Private creditors 249 1,751 3 1,061 1,401 -268 Bondholders 0 1,001 299 -50 1,350 -617 Banks and others 249 750 -296 1,111 50 349 Short-term 188 -49 -16 831 -614 1,186 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,508 1,468 2,352 2,221 2,145 1,592 Portfolio equity 8 42 53 54 55 57 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 64 134 129 129 131 155 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 22 45 45 48 49 54 Debt service to exports (%) 8 15 15 16 14 15 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 30 10 10 12 9 13 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 22 11 11 15 15 14 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 57 30 28 26 30 23 Gross national income (GNI) 36,450 56,365 57,353 59,010 60,212 58,036 69 CÔTE D'IVOIRE (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 11,703 11,457 13,449 16,185 19,816 25,073 Use of IMF credit 861 1,495 1,738 1,814 1,915 3,047 Long-term external debt 10,431 9,693 11,683 14,233 17,012 20,967 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9,413 8,369 10,445 13,221 15,733 19,976 Public sector 9,413 8,369 10,445 13,221 15,733 19,976 of which: General government 9,412 8,369 10,445 12,673 15,182 19,014 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,018 1,324 1,238 1,011 1,279 991 Short-term external debt 411 269 28 138 890 1,059 Disbursements (long-term) 599 1,237 3,232 3,867 5,080 4,307 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 244 897 3,091 3,747 4,508 4,307 Public sector 244 897 3,091 3,747 4,508 4,307 of which: General government 244 897 3,091 3,182 4,495 3,938 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 355 341 141 120 572 .. Principal repayments (long-term) 623 1,096 1,730 1,036 2,247 1,536 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 438 726 1,418 702 1,946 1,225 Public sector 438 726 1,418 702 1,946 1,225 of which: General government 438 726 1,418 702 1,946 1,189 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 185 370 312 334 302 311 Interest payments (long-term) 114 402 399 453 556 699 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 58 315 329 407 518 671 Public sector 58 315 329 407 518 671 of which: General government 58 315 329 406 517 642 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 56 87 70 47 38 28 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 10,431 9,693 11,683 14,233 17,012 20,967 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 9,413 8,369 10,445 13,221 15,733 19,976 Official creditors 9,301 4,108 5,007 5,187 5,957 7,925 Multilateral 2,373 1,021 1,582 2,011 2,592 3,972 of which: World Bank 1,763 522 781 883 1,204 1,882 Bilateral 6,928 3,087 3,425 3,176 3,364 3,953 Private creditors 112 4,261 5,438 8,034 9,776 12,051 Bondholders 0 4,219 5,398 7,230 7,589 8,532 Commercial banks and others 112 43 40 804 2,187 3,519 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,018 1,324 1,238 1,011 1,279 991 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 1,018 1,324 1,238 1,011 1,279 991 Use of IMF credit 861 1,495 1,738 1,814 1,915 3,047 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 44 33 150 119 111 1,019 Long-term -25 142 1,502 2,831 2,832 2,771 Official creditors -220 43 540 328 765 1,552 Multilateral 17 152 450 497 513 1,095 of which: World Bank -26 140 205 132 236 536 Bilateral -237 -109 90 -169 252 457 Private creditors 196 99 962 2,503 2,067 1,219 Bondholders .. 136 1,136 1,928 404 478 Banks and others 196 -38 -173 575 1,663 741 Short-term 20 269 -241 110 752 169 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 371 531 644 590 618 509 Portfolio equity 2 8 24 15 12 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 91 95 102 120 140 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 49 24 27 29 35 42 Debt service to exports (%) 6 13 17 12 21 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 4 2 0 1 4 4 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 20 9 12 12 13 16 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 31 .. .. .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 23,996 46,888 50,052 55,809 56,976 59,585 70 DJIBOUTI (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 768.5 1,702.2 2,267.0 2,321.4 2,552.6 2,678.7 Use of IMF credit 35.5 45.8 44.0 36.7 31.6 72.3 Long-term external debt 611.6 1,602.8 1,944.9 2,045.0 2,145.5 2,353.5 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 611.6 1,602.8 1,944.9 2,045.0 2,145.5 2,353.5 Public sector 611.6 1,602.8 1,944.9 2,045.0 2,145.5 2,353.5 of which: General government 501.8 713.6 914.3 963.6 1,036.0 1,097.5 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 121.5 53.7 278.1 239.6 375.4 252.9 Disbursements (long-term) 35.2 473.2 335.9 140.7 136.3 213.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 35.2 473.2 335.9 140.7 136.3 213.7 Public sector 35.2 473.2 335.9 140.7 136.3 213.7 of which: General government 27.4 244.0 194.6 75.7 94.1 59.5 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 22.4 31.0 25.1 27.2 34.7 28.3 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 22.4 31.0 25.1 27.2 34.7 28.3 Public sector 22.4 31.0 25.1 27.2 34.7 28.3 of which: General government 12.6 23.4 18.3 17.4 21.7 15.8 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 8.2 25.3 35.7 32.2 29.1 25.1 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8.2 25.3 35.7 32.2 29.1 25.1 Public sector 8.2 25.3 35.7 32.2 29.1 25.1 of which: General government 5.5 6.2 11.9 13.2 16.7 13.0 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 611.6 1,602.8 1,944.9 2,045.0 2,145.5 2,353.5 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 611.6 1,602.8 1,944.9 2,045.0 2,145.5 2,353.5 Official creditors 593.2 1,600.5 1,942.8 2,042.9 2,143.4 2,351.4 Multilateral 406.1 493.3 535.4 572.5 633.7 682.4 of which: World Bank 154.7 127.9 143.6 152.2 161.3 191.3 Bilateral 187.1 1,107.2 1,407.4 1,470.4 1,509.7 1,669.0 Private creditors 18.4 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 18.4 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 35.5 45.8 44.0 36.7 31.6 72.3 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit -3.3 -1.9 -4.4 -6.3 -4.9 38.1 Long-term 12.8 442.2 310.9 113.5 101.6 185.4 Official creditors 15.2 442.8 311.1 113.5 101.6 185.4 Multilateral 7.7 43.3 23.6 43.9 62.3 35.1 of which: World Bank -0.8 2.0 7.8 12.1 10.0 22.5 Bilateral 7.5 399.5 287.5 69.6 39.2 150.4 Private creditors -2.4 -0.7 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others -2.4 -0.7 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 Short-term 3.0 49.1 220.4 -56.0 108.6 -159.5 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 36.5 160.0 164.9 170.0 175.0 158.2 Portfolio equity .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 219.5 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 169.4 62.1 54.1 50.2 48.8 71.3 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 67.1 62.0 78.9 74.6 79.0 81.4 Debt service to exports (%) 7.9 2.1 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 15.8 3.2 12.3 10.3 14.7 9.4 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 52.8 29.0 23.6 24.7 24.8 25.5 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 32.4 23.9 24.5 19.6 19.7 25.6 Gross national income (GNI) 1,146.0 2,745.4 2,874.2 3,113.7 3,230.8 3,288.9 71 DOMINICA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 271 300 300 283 283 329 Use of IMF credit 30 24 24 22 21 36 Long-term external debt 236 267 264 248 251 276 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 236 267 264 248 251 276 Public sector 236 267 264 248 251 276 of which: General government 214 243 243 229 231 259 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 6 9 11 13 12 18 Disbursements (long-term) 30 4 11 5 22 38 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 30 4 11 5 22 38 Public sector 30 4 11 5 22 38 of which: General government 30 2 10 4 19 38 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 10 18 20 18 19 19 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 10 18 20 18 19 19 Public sector 10 18 20 18 19 19 of which: General government 7 15 15 15 16 17 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 5 7 8 9 7 6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5 7 8 9 7 6 Public sector 5 7 8 9 7 6 of which: General government 4 7 7 8 6 6 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 236 267 264 248 251 276 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 236 267 264 248 251 276 Official creditors 162 209 207 193 183 214 Multilateral 117 127 129 124 122 153 of which: World Bank 28 24 33 34 36 51 Bilateral 45 81 78 69 61 60 Private creditors 74 58 57 55 68 62 Bondholders 57 29 30 30 45 42 Commercial banks and others 16 30 28 26 23 20 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 30 24 24 22 21 36 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit -1 -2 -1 -2 -1 14 Long-term 20 -14 -9 -13 4 19 Official creditors 20 -12 -8 -11 -9 25 Multilateral 1 -5 0 -4 -2 30 of which: World Bank 0 -1 7 2 2 14 Bilateral 19 -7 -8 -7 -7 -5 Private creditors 0 -2 -1 -2 13 -6 Bondholders 0 0 1 .. 15 -3 Banks and others 0 -2 -2 -2 -3 -3 Short-term 0 0 2 2 -2 6 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 10 42 25 14 60 26 Portfolio equity .. 0 0 0 0 0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 151 111 134 164 132 292 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 56 54 57 51 50 68 Debt service to exports (%) 9 10 13 17 12 24 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 2 3 4 5 4 5 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 43 42 43 44 43 47 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 28 74 71 68 59 54 Gross national income (GNI) 484 555 522 550 565 484 72 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 13,499 28,291 31,156 33,564 38,396 44,468 Use of IMF credit 1,461 281 297 290 289 988 Long-term external debt 10,283 24,958 28,857 31,086 35,593 41,308 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9,441 17,186 20,214 23,075 27,238 34,061 Public sector 9,437 17,185 20,213 23,074 27,237 34,061 of which: General government 8,700 17,044 20,124 23,026 27,215 34,043 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 3 1 1 1 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 843 7,772 8,643 8,011 8,355 7,246 Short-term external debt 1,754 3,053 2,001 2,187 2,515 2,172 Disbursements (long-term) 2,111 3,724 5,055 4,620 5,004 9,777 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,111 2,259 3,780 3,651 4,940 9,777 Public sector 2,111 2,259 3,780 3,651 4,940 9,777 of which: General government 2,107 2,259 3,780 3,651 4,940 9,777 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. 0 0 0 .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 1,465 1,275 969 64 .. Principal repayments (long-term) 799 2,075 1,961 1,422 1,846 4,620 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 798 861 808 752 677 2,823 Public sector 798 861 807 752 677 2,823 of which: General government 688 770 748 714 652 2,818 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 0 1,214 1,154 670 1,169 1,797 Interest payments (long-term) 444 1,205 1,012 1,541 1,922 2,018 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 336 922 716 1,069 1,395 1,676 Public sector 336 922 716 1,069 1,395 1,676 of which: General government 309 917 713 1,067 1,394 1,676 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 108 282 296 472 528 342 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 10,283 24,958 28,857 31,086 35,593 41,308 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 9,441 17,186 20,214 23,075 27,238 34,061 Official creditors 6,355 5,818 5,710 5,793 6,069 7,095 Multilateral 3,079 4,439 4,454 4,704 5,092 5,905 of which: World Bank 872 933 923 923 939 1,183 Bilateral 3,276 1,379 1,256 1,089 977 1,190 Private creditors 3,086 11,368 14,504 17,282 21,169 26,966 Bondholders 1,134 9,812 13,200 16,296 20,430 26,359 Commercial banks and others 1,952 1,556 1,304 986 740 608 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 843 7,772 8,643 8,011 8,355 7,246 Bondholders 843 1,945 1,945 1,945 1,395 707 Commercial banks and others 0 5,827 6,698 6,066 6,959 6,539 Use of IMF credit 1,461 281 297 290 289 988 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 383 -114 .. .. .. 665 Long-term 1,312 1,650 3,094 3,197 3,158 5,157 Official creditors 869 157 -124 90 278 1,014 Multilateral 469 291 10 253 388 812 of which: World Bank 116 1 -10 0 16 243 Bilateral 400 -134 -134 -163 -110 201 Private creditors 443 1,493 3,218 3,108 2,880 4,143 Bondholders 645 1,870 3,400 3,108 3,656 5,408 Banks and others -202 -377 -182 0 -775 -1,264 Short-term -1 -127 -1,051 186 328 -345 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,470 2,340 3,733 2,677 2,796 2,792 Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 0 0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 106 152 160 162 181 300 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 26 39 41 41 45 59 Debt service to exports (%) 11 19 16 15 18 45 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 13 11 6 7 7 5 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 23 16 14 14 13 13 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 29 22 22 23 23 24 Gross national income (GNI) 51,932 72,451 76,204 81,863 84,871 74,984 73 ECUADOR (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 15,377 35,378 41,159 44,944 51,883 56,191 Use of IMF credit 444 739 783 765 2,114 6,781 Long-term external debt 13,869 33,768 39,281 43,102 48,860 48,468 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8,787 25,571 31,629 35,481 38,394 37,816 Public sector 8,759 25,546 31,606 35,461 38,377 37,801 of which: General government 8,260 24,019 29,446 33,859 37,438 37,079 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 28 25 23 20 18 15 Private sector not guaranteed 5,082 8,196 7,652 7,621 10,465 10,652 Short-term external debt 1,064 871 1,094 1,077 910 942 Disbursements (long-term) 2,977 10,737 9,998 10,354 12,307 7,610 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,307 7,326 8,895 7,153 6,875 3,689 Public sector 2,304 7,326 8,895 7,153 6,875 3,689 of which: General government 2,253 6,502 7,859 6,963 6,794 3,497 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 2 .. 0 0 0 .. Private sector not guaranteed 670 3,411 1,103 3,201 5,432 3,922 Principal repayments (long-term) 1,259 3,861 4,559 6,443 6,508 7,551 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 636 1,859 2,906 3,202 3,919 3,816 Public sector 636 1,857 2,904 3,200 3,917 3,813 of which: General government 587 1,489 2,496 2,452 3,173 3,402 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 2 2 2 2 2 Private sector not guaranteed 623 2,002 1,653 3,241 2,588 3,735 Interest payments (long-term) 470 1,507 2,032 2,663 2,792 1,517 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 331 1,200 1,753 2,238 2,385 1,173 Public sector 330 1,199 1,752 2,237 2,384 1,171 of which: General government 315 1,100 1,641 2,108 2,303 1,128 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 1 1 1 1 1 Private sector not guaranteed 139 306 279 425 407 344 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 13,869 33,768 39,281 43,102 48,860 48,468 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 8,787 25,571 31,629 35,481 38,394 37,816 Official creditors 7,547 16,742 16,785 17,269 18,117 19,672 Multilateral 5,207 8,202 8,707 9,864 11,079 13,295 of which: World Bank 456 246 399 617 1,251 2,596 Bilateral 2,340 8,540 8,078 7,405 7,038 6,377 Private creditors 1,240 8,830 14,844 18,211 20,278 18,145 Bondholders 1,082 6,114 12,565 15,250 18,307 17,694 Commercial banks and others 159 2,716 2,278 2,961 1,970 451 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 5,082 8,196 7,652 7,621 10,465 10,652 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 5,082 8,196 7,652 7,621 10,465 10,652 Use of IMF credit 444 739 783 765 2,114 6,781 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. 364 0 0 1,353 4,428 Long-term 1,718 6,875 5,439 3,911 5,800 59 Official creditors 1,727 2,637 -11 549 872 1,497 Multilateral 822 649 519 1,181 1,222 2,214 of which: World Bank -87 -11 153 218 634 1,345 Bilateral 904 1,988 -530 -632 -350 -717 Private creditors -9 4,238 5,450 3,362 4,928 -1,437 Bondholders -16 2,717 6,451 2,685 3,057 -77 Banks and others 7 1,522 -1,002 677 1,871 -1,360 Short-term -304 -206 207 -33 -180 197 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 478 879 682 702 600 994 Portfolio equity 0 6 4 6 2 1 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 78 175 181 175 197 251 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 22 36 40 43 49 59 Debt service to exports (%) 9 27 29 36 36 42 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 7 2 3 2 2 2 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 34 23 21 22 21 24 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 9 11 4 4 4 9 Gross national income (GNI) 68,518 98,125 101,978 104,733 105,080 95,951 74 EGYPT, ARAB REPUBLIC OF (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 36,775 69,164 84,722 100,186 115,080 131,580 Use of IMF credit 1,384 3,856 7,401 9,220 13,130 20,362 Long-term external debt 32,242 53,362 66,193 80,625 90,665 99,259 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 32,189 53,206 65,787 80,179 90,305 98,857 Public sector 31,825 53,129 65,729 80,153 90,305 98,857 of which: General government 28,267 32,200 42,283 51,239 60,963 67,119 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 364 77 58 26 0 .. Private sector not guaranteed 54 157 406 446 360 402 Short-term external debt 3,149 11,945 11,128 10,341 11,284 11,959 Disbursements (long-term) 3,616 14,675 15,850 20,287 15,322 14,797 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,611 14,515 15,552 20,161 15,251 14,604 Public sector 3,609 14,515 15,552 20,161 15,251 14,604 of which: General government 3,302 6,280 11,927 11,302 12,329 10,184 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 2 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 5 160 298 126 71 193 Principal repayments (long-term) 2,164 5,106 4,622 5,119 4,632 8,024 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,139 5,102 4,575 5,032 4,476 7,874 Public sector 2,058 5,071 4,547 5,002 4,451 7,874 of which: General government 1,678 3,987 2,704 1,994 2,115 5,140 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 81 31 27 30 26 .. Private sector not guaranteed 25 3 48 87 156 151 Interest payments (long-term) 770 1,027 1,579 2,220 3,403 3,114 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 769 1,026 1,565 2,204 3,384 3,102 Public sector 755 1,024 1,564 2,203 3,384 3,102 of which: General government 655 785 1,105 1,616 2,223 2,120 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 14 1 1 1 1 .. Private sector not guaranteed 1 2 14 16 19 12 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 32,242 53,362 66,193 80,625 90,665 99,259 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 32,189 53,206 65,787 80,179 90,305 98,857 Official creditors 28,004 47,544 52,767 55,970 57,636 62,578 Multilateral 9,293 15,846 18,876 20,119 21,508 25,558 of which: World Bank 3,881 7,114 8,435 9,930 11,250 11,993 Bilateral 18,712 31,698 33,891 35,851 36,128 37,020 Private creditors 4,184 5,662 13,020 24,209 32,669 36,279 Bondholders 3,333 3,600 10,000 15,800 23,273 26,304 Commercial banks and others 851 2,062 3,020 8,409 9,396 9,975 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 54 157 406 446 360 402 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 54 157 406 446 360 402 Use of IMF credit 1,384 3,856 7,401 9,220 13,130 20,362 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. 2,738 3,229 2,029 3,959 6,468 Long-term 1,452 9,570 11,227 15,168 10,690 6,772 Official creditors -189 10,020 3,772 3,790 1,866 3,675 Multilateral 755 4,304 2,562 1,426 1,454 3,705 of which: World Bank 649 1,545 1,289 1,507 1,321 733 Bilateral -944 5,716 1,210 2,364 411 -29 Private creditors 1,641 -450 7,455 11,379 8,824 3,097 Bondholders 1,500 -1,250 6,400 5,868 7,887 2,646 Banks and others 141 800 1,055 5,511 937 451 Short-term 588 7,521 -817 -787 943 675 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 6,386 8,107 7,409 8,141 9,010 5,852 Portfolio equity 1,724 610 224 220 -12 -1,997 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 74 203 194 191 211 324 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 17 21 37 41 39 37 Debt service to exports (%) 6 20 15 15 16 29 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 9 17 13 10 10 9 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 25 23 22 20 19 19 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 91 30 39 39 35 26 Gross national income (GNI) 214,619 327,970 231,165 243,433 292,071 351,715 75 EL SALVADOR (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 11,496 16,567 17,179 16,725 17,379 18,334 Use of IMF credit 252 220 233 228 227 650 Long-term external debt 10,408 13,814 14,903 14,426 14,939 15,813 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 6,839 8,710 9,489 9,505 9,856 10,645 Public sector 6,836 8,710 9,489 9,505 9,856 10,645 of which: General government 6,257 7,965 8,655 8,727 9,063 9,780 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 2 0 0 0 .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 3,569 5,103 5,414 4,921 5,083 5,167 Short-term external debt 836 2,533 2,043 2,070 2,214 1,871 Disbursements (long-term) 1,455 1,029 3,513 3,211 5,283 5,297 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,107 410 978 588 1,419 1,378 Public sector 1,107 410 978 588 1,419 1,378 of which: General government 943 130 748 496 1,266 1,191 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 348 619 2,535 2,623 3,865 3,918 Principal repayments (long-term) 605 693 2,995 2,879 4,873 4,205 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 456 455 434 436 1,179 421 Public sector 456 455 434 436 1,179 421 of which: General government 242 284 292 290 1,039 304 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 149 238 2,561 2,443 3,694 3,785 Interest payments (long-term) 495 660 768 589 684 927 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 380 514 547 589 684 625 Public sector 380 514 547 589 684 625 of which: General government 355 483 511 539 632 577 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 115 145 221 .. .. 302 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 10,408 13,814 14,903 14,426 14,939 15,813 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 6,839 8,710 9,489 9,505 9,856 10,645 Official creditors 4,208 4,229 4,224 4,367 4,396 4,538 Multilateral 3,549 3,804 3,804 3,996 4,049 4,158 of which: World Bank 922 912 906 876 831 786 Bilateral 659 425 420 371 347 381 Private creditors 2,631 4,481 5,265 5,138 5,460 6,107 Bondholders 2,599 4,438 5,238 5,109 5,423 6,072 Commercial banks and others 32 43 27 29 37 35 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 3,569 5,103 5,414 4,921 5,083 5,167 Bondholders .. 38 38 38 12 0 Commercial banks and others 3,569 5,065 5,376 4,883 5,071 5,167 Use of IMF credit 252 220 233 228 227 650 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. 400 Long-term 850 336 518 331 410 1,092 Official creditors 319 -44 -26 148 30 124 Multilateral 364 -37 -2 194 54 106 of which: World Bank 345 -9 0 -31 -45 -45 Bilateral -45 -7 -25 -46 -24 18 Private creditors 531 380 544 183 381 967 Bondholders 400 0 589 0 196 838 Banks and others 131 380 -44 183 185 129 Short-term -27 515 -490 27 143 -342 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 282 415 844 129 576 21 Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 0 0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 229 237 233 215 211 284 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 64 72 73 68 68 79 Debt service to exports (%) 22 20 52 45 68 80 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 7 15 12 12 13 10 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 31 23 22 24 23 23 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 22 19 20 21 25 16 Gross national income (GNI) 17,910 22,945 23,592 24,551 25,559 23,325 76 ERITREA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 1,037.3 797.3 820.8 791.2 771.7 788.5 Use of IMF credit 23.3 20.4 21.6 21.1 21.0 21.8 Long-term external debt 998.4 750.3 772.0 736.1 718.1 729.4 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 998.4 750.3 772.0 736.1 718.1 729.4 Public sector 998.4 750.3 772.0 736.1 718.1 729.4 of which: General government 998.4 750.3 772.0 736.1 718.1 729.4 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 15.5 26.6 27.1 34.0 32.7 37.3 Disbursements (long-term) 8.6 9.5 6.9 4.2 4.2 2.8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8.6 9.5 6.9 4.2 4.2 2.8 Public sector 8.6 9.5 6.9 4.2 4.2 2.8 of which: General government 8.6 9.5 6.9 4.2 4.2 2.8 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 16.9 23.4 23.7 24.9 18.4 19.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 16.9 23.4 23.7 24.9 18.4 19.0 Public sector 16.9 23.4 23.7 24.9 18.4 19.0 of which: General government 16.9 23.4 23.7 24.9 18.4 19.0 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 10.0 3.5 3.2 3.1 2.6 2.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 10.0 3.5 3.2 3.1 2.6 2.6 Public sector 10.0 3.5 3.2 3.1 2.6 2.6 of which: General government 10.0 3.5 3.2 3.1 2.6 2.6 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 998.4 750.3 772.0 736.1 718.1 729.4 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 998.4 750.3 772.0 736.1 718.1 729.4 Official creditors 960.5 720.3 738.0 703.6 686.2 694.5 Multilateral 651.4 557.5 587.3 571.6 567.1 587.8 of which: World Bank 467.9 420.0 444.9 434.5 432.0 449.9 Bilateral 309.1 162.8 150.7 132.0 119.0 106.8 Private creditors 38.0 29.9 34.1 32.5 31.9 34.9 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 38.0 29.9 34.1 32.5 31.9 34.9 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 23.3 20.4 21.6 21.1 21.0 21.8 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term -8.3 -13.8 -16.8 -20.6 -14.2 -16.2 Official creditors -8.3 -13.8 -16.8 -20.6 -14.2 -16.2 Multilateral 0.1 -1.0 -1.6 -3.8 -1.7 -2.4 of which: World Bank -0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 .. 0.0 Bilateral -8.4 -12.8 -15.2 -16.8 -12.5 -13.8 Private creditors .. 0.0 .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others .. 0.0 .. .. .. .. Short-term 2.0 -45.7 -4.0 4.4 -4.4 0.0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 91.0 52.3 55.5 61.0 67.1 73.8 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) .. .. .. .. .. .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 66.1 .. .. .. .. .. Debt service to exports (%) .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 1.5 3.3 3.3 4.3 4.2 4.7 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 62.8 69.9 71.6 72.2 73.5 74.5 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 11.0 18.2 17.5 20.6 24.8 .. Gross national income (GNI) 1,569.9 .. .. .. .. .. 77 ESWATINI (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 721.6 499.4 653.8 511.3 630.3 766.1 Use of IMF credit 74.4 64.9 68.8 67.2 66.8 182.6 Long-term external debt 438.5 374.4 403.0 423.5 536.1 557.1 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 438.5 374.4 403.0 423.5 536.1 557.1 Public sector 438.5 374.4 403.0 423.5 536.1 557.1 of which: General government 431.4 364.4 393.0 413.5 526.1 550.1 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 208.8 60.1 182.1 20.6 27.5 26.4 Disbursements (long-term) 17.7 99.6 47.1 63.3 142.5 55.4 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 17.7 99.6 47.1 63.3 142.5 55.4 Public sector 17.7 99.6 47.1 63.3 142.5 55.4 of which: General government 17.7 93.6 47.1 63.3 142.5 55.4 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 34.0 31.3 33.1 32.8 31.5 39.2 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 34.0 31.3 33.1 32.8 31.5 39.2 Public sector 34.0 31.3 33.1 32.8 31.5 39.2 of which: General government 30.8 31.3 33.1 32.8 31.5 36.2 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 17.3 8.9 11.3 13.2 23.9 23.1 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 17.3 8.9 11.3 13.2 23.9 23.1 Public sector 17.3 8.9 11.3 13.2 23.9 23.1 of which: General government 16.6 8.9 11.3 13.2 23.9 22.7 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 438.5 374.4 403.0 423.5 536.1 557.1 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 438.5 374.4 403.0 423.5 536.1 557.1 Official creditors 397.6 359.7 387.2 411.2 525.4 546.9 Multilateral 246.0 177.4 208.3 219.4 241.0 261.7 of which: World Bank 4.6 27.6 38.8 39.8 36.4 42.9 Bilateral 151.6 182.3 178.9 191.7 284.4 285.1 Private creditors 40.9 14.7 15.7 12.4 10.7 10.2 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 40.9 14.7 15.7 12.4 10.7 10.2 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 74.4 64.9 68.8 67.2 66.8 182.6 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. 109.4 Long-term -16.3 68.3 14.0 30.5 111.0 16.2 Official creditors -14.7 69.1 14.6 31.7 112.9 16.2 Multilateral -20.2 19.4 22.8 18.1 20.6 18.6 of which: World Bank -5.5 5.8 11.2 1.0 -3.4 6.4 Bilateral 5.5 49.7 -8.2 13.7 92.3 -2.4 Private creditors -1.6 -0.8 -0.6 -1.2 -1.9 0.0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others -1.6 -0.8 -0.6 -1.2 -1.9 0.0 Short-term 181.0 46.7 128.3 -168.5 6.8 7.9 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 49.3 2.3 45.4 -14.1 112.1 74.5 Portfolio equity 4.7 .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 31.7 27.3 31.2 25.0 28.7 40.1 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 17.1 13.8 15.9 11.8 15.7 20.4 Debt service to exports (%) 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.6 3.3 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 28.9 12.0 27.9 4.0 4.4 3.4 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 34.1 35.5 31.9 42.9 38.2 34.2 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 104.8 113.0 86.1 86.2 69.9 71.2 Gross national income (GNI) 4,212.6 3,610.9 4,107.9 4,345.1 4,018.7 3,751.6 78 ETHIOPIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 7,286 23,396 26,170 27,842 28,375 30,364 Use of IMF credit 485 335 301 242 318 940 Long-term external debt 6,499 22,134 25,235 26,850 27,576 29,016 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 6,499 22,134 25,235 26,850 27,576 29,016 Public sector 6,499 22,134 25,235 26,850 27,576 29,016 of which: General government 4,070 12,236 14,349 15,370 16,658 18,729 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 302 927 634 750 480 409 Disbursements (long-term) 1,763 3,684 3,522 3,567 2,363 2,194 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,763 3,684 3,522 3,567 2,363 2,194 Public sector 1,763 3,684 3,522 3,567 2,363 2,194 of which: General government 747 1,972 1,756 1,969 1,577 1,675 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 129 771 985 1,138 1,431 1,371 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 129 771 985 1,138 1,431 1,371 Public sector 129 771 985 1,138 1,431 1,371 of which: General government 32 110 142 167 210 168 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 46 397 430 436 670 599 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 46 397 430 436 670 599 Public sector 46 397 430 436 670 599 of which: General government 30 168 165 201 207 196 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 6,499 22,134 25,235 26,850 27,576 29,016 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 6,499 22,134 25,235 26,850 27,576 29,016 Official creditors 4,612 15,810 18,497 19,575 20,618 22,505 Multilateral 2,812 8,145 10,086 11,043 12,200 14,024 of which: World Bank 1,804 5,746 7,040 8,338 9,354 10,991 Bilateral 1,799 7,665 8,411 8,532 8,419 8,481 Private creditors 1,887 6,324 6,738 7,276 6,958 6,511 Bondholders .. 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Commercial banks and others 1,887 5,324 5,738 6,276 5,958 5,511 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 485 335 301 242 318 940 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 122 -52 -52 -53 78 588 Long-term 1,634 2,913 2,537 2,428 932 824 Official creditors 1,009 2,813 2,161 1,869 1,198 1,307 Multilateral 472 1,610 1,494 1,703 1,220 1,347 of which: World Bank 385 1,177 933 1,494 1,075 1,209 Bilateral 537 1,203 667 166 -21 -40 Private creditors 625 100 376 559 -267 -483 Bondholders .. .. .. 0 0 0 Banks and others 625 100 376 559 -267 -483 Short-term 75 378 -293 115 -270 -71 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 288 4,143 4,017 3,360 2,549 2,396 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 157 395 393 362 371 393 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 24 32 32 33 30 28 Debt service to exports (%) 4 21 22 21 28 26 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 4 4 2 3 2 1 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 39 35 39 40 43 46 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 31 13 12 14 11 10 Gross national income (GNI) 29,826 74,054 81,285 83,892 95,323 107,062 79 FIJI (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 1,107 1,298 1,268 1,245 1,344 1,518 Use of IMF credit 103 90 96 93 93 97 Long-term external debt 926 1,110 1,109 1,108 1,198 1,400 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 426 710 753 738 713 903 Public sector 353 662 717 714 701 903 of which: General government 315 629 683 681 669 871 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 73 49 36 24 12 0 Private sector not guaranteed 500 400 355 370 485 497 Short-term external debt 78 97 64 45 53 22 Disbursements (long-term) 50 146 119 86 153 433 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 38 97 59 37 17 403 Public sector 38 97 59 37 17 403 of which: General government 33 95 58 36 17 403 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 13 49 59 49 136 30 Principal repayments (long-term) 36 77 137 75 59 250 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9 48 33 40 38 231 Public sector 9 36 21 28 26 219 of which: General government 9 32 21 26 26 219 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 12 12 12 12 12 Private sector not guaranteed 27 29 104 35 21 19 Interest payments (long-term) 23 27 30 31 150 24 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 15 23 24 26 146 24 Public sector 14 21 23 25 146 24 of which: General government 12 21 23 25 145 24 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 2 1 1 1 0 Private sector not guaranteed 7 4 6 5 4 0 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 926 1,110 1,109 1,108 1,198 1,400 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 426 710 753 738 713 903 Official creditors 276 510 553 538 513 903 Multilateral 113 173 224 253 263 638 of which: World Bank 0 50 54 73 76 142 Bilateral 162 337 329 284 250 265 Private creditors 150 200 200 200 200 0 Bondholders 150 200 200 200 200 0 Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: 500 400 355 370 485 497 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 500 400 355 370 485 497 Use of IMF credit 103 90 96 93 93 97 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 15 68 -18 11 95 183 Official creditors 29 55 27 -4 -21 372 Multilateral 9 42 51 29 10 374 of which: World Bank 0 50 3 20 3 64 Bilateral 19 13 -25 -33 -30 -2 Private creditors -14 13 -45 15 116 -189 Bondholders .. -7 0 0 0 -200 Banks and others -14 20 -45 15 116 11 Short-term 22 16 -34 -19 8 -31 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 177 379 418 435 397 207 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 59 55 50 45 50 117 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 36 28 26 24 27 37 Debt service to exports (%) 3 4 7 4 8 21 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 7 7 5 4 4 1 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 10 13 18 20 20 42 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 65 70 88 76 78 .. Gross national income (GNI) 3,043 4,658 4,930 5,222 5,045 4,115 80 GABON (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type 4 Total external debt stocks 2,929 5,336 6,499 6,811 7,199 7,616 Use of IMF credit 226 197 412 601 722 1,063 Long-term external debt 2,532 4,898 5,880 6,022 6,118 6,478 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,532 4,898 5,880 6,022 6,118 6,478 Public sector 2,532 4,898 5,880 6,022 6,118 6,478 of which: General government 2,531 4,884 5,830 5,967 6,060 6,399 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 170 241 207 187 360 76 Disbursements (long-term) 509 433 1,173 854 594 1,252 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 509 433 1,173 854 594 1,252 Public sector 509 433 1,173 854 594 1,252 of which: General government 509 425 1,152 826 589 1,235 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 313 172 450 496 424 1,128 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 313 172 450 496 424 1,128 Public sector 313 172 450 496 424 1,128 of which: General government 313 171 449 494 423 1,126 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 137 195 168 216 252 273 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 137 195 168 216 252 273 Public sector 137 195 168 216 252 273 of which: General government 137 195 167 215 250 272 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 2,532 4,898 5,880 6,022 6,118 6,478 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,532 4,898 5,880 6,022 6,118 6,478 Official creditors 1,136 1,672 2,672 3,043 3,397 3,590 Multilateral 466 563 1,450 1,697 1,920 2,081 of which: World Bank 22 67 336 369 581 680 Bilateral 670 1,108 1,222 1,346 1,477 1,508 Private creditors 1,397 3,226 3,207 2,980 2,720 2,888 Bondholders 879 2,218 2,200 2,186 2,186 2,436 Commercial banks and others 518 1,008 1,007 794 534 452 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 226 197 412 601 722 1,063 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. 198 202 123 301 Long-term 196 262 722 358 169 124 Official creditors 36 66 850 486 400 -26 Multilateral 16 8 786 331 257 -1 of which: World Bank 6 21 249 64 220 46 Bilateral 19 58 64 155 143 -25 Private creditors 160 196 -128 -128 -231 150 Bondholders -23 .. -18 -14 .. 250 Banks and others 183 196 -110 -114 -231 -100 Short-term 67 21 -37 -11 178 -299 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 651 1,244 1,314 1,379 1,553 1,717 Portfolio equity 0 .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 31 .. .. .. .. .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 23 41 46 43 46 53 Debt service to exports (%) 5 .. .. .. .. .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 6 5 3 3 5 1 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 16 11 22 25 27 27 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 59 15 15 19 19 .. Gross national income (GNI) 12,484 12,935 13,986 15,755 15,511 14,503 81 GAMBIA, THE (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 548.0 527.1 660.9 687.8 712.5 775.7 Use of IMF credit 77.0 80.0 93.9 84.1 77.2 103.4 Long-term external debt 426.4 429.4 553.2 585.9 611.3 646.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 426.4 429.4 553.2 585.9 611.3 646.6 Public sector 426.4 429.4 553.2 585.9 611.3 646.6 of which: General government 409.1 420.2 546.6 582.7 609.6 645.9 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 44.7 17.6 13.7 17.8 24.0 25.7 Disbursements (long-term) 41.1 29.7 139.9 72.1 58.0 42.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 41.1 29.7 139.9 72.1 58.0 42.7 Public sector 41.1 29.7 139.9 72.1 58.0 42.7 of which: General government 34.7 29.7 139.9 72.1 58.0 42.7 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 16.8 30.3 30.6 32.5 31.9 19.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 16.8 30.3 30.6 32.5 31.9 19.7 Public sector 16.8 30.3 30.6 32.5 31.9 19.7 of which: General government 12.3 27.2 27.4 29.3 30.4 19.7 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 6.6 6.0 6.5 6.7 8.6 6.1 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 6.6 6.0 6.5 6.7 8.6 6.1 Public sector 6.6 6.0 6.5 6.7 8.6 6.1 of which: General government 6.3 5.9 6.3 6.6 8.6 6.1 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 426.4 429.4 553.2 585.9 611.3 646.6 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 426.4 429.4 553.2 585.9 611.3 646.6 Official creditors 420.0 425.1 550.3 585.0 611.3 646.6 Multilateral 299.9 303.7 406.5 436.2 451.1 475.4 of which: World Bank 65.0 57.2 105.1 115.8 117.7 128.1 Bilateral 120.1 121.4 143.8 148.8 160.2 171.2 Private creditors 6.4 4.3 2.9 0.9 0.0 .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 6.4 4.3 2.9 0.9 0.0 .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 77.0 80.0 93.9 84.1 77.2 103.4 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 3.0 -5.9 8.9 -7.8 -6.3 22.2 Long-term 24.3 -0.6 109.3 39.5 26.1 23.0 Official creditors 21.1 1.2 111.1 41.5 27.0 23.0 Multilateral 13.0 -2.5 89.6 36.1 15.7 13.0 of which: World Bank 1.9 4.0 43.9 13.3 2.5 5.4 Bilateral 8.2 3.7 21.6 5.4 11.3 10.0 Private creditors 3.2 -1.8 -1.8 -1.9 -0.9 .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others 3.2 -1.8 -1.8 -1.9 -0.9 .. Short-term 1.0 7.9 -3.9 3.7 7.5 1.5 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 37.1 7.9 12.3 33.0 43.9 45.7 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 195.7 214.7 251.7 197.2 200.6 411.2 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 36.2 36.2 44.8 41.9 39.7 41.5 Debt service to exports (%) 8.6 17.3 16.9 13.6 13.4 17.3 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 8.2 3.3 2.1 2.6 3.4 3.3 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 54.7 57.6 61.5 63.4 63.3 61.3 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 36.8 16.6 25.7 27.9 36.1 49.9 Gross national income (GNI) 1,513.4 1,456.8 1,476.6 1,641.5 1,795.9 1,868.5 82 GEORGIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 8,790 16,320 16,424 17,326 18,757 20,089 Use of IMF credit 1,272 307 397 416 448 792 Long-term external debt 6,418 13,659 13,584 14,593 16,033 16,974 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,274 6,224 6,615 6,749 6,993 7,967 Public sector 3,274 6,224 6,615 6,749 6,993 7,967 of which: General government 2,950 4,443 5,032 5,257 5,535 6,978 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 3,143 7,435 6,969 7,844 9,040 9,007 Short-term external debt 1,101 2,354 2,443 2,318 2,276 2,322 Disbursements (long-term) 1,026 2,780 2,003 2,468 2,983 2,508 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 651 839 536 567 616 1,452 Public sector 651 839 536 567 616 1,452 of which: General government 401 424 524 555 605 1,421 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 375 1,941 1,467 1,900 2,367 1,056 Principal repayments (long-term) 510 1,634 1,974 1,681 1,669 1,820 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 169 256 434 300 324 799 Public sector 169 256 434 300 324 799 of which: General government 71 132 165 227 280 299 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 342 1,379 1,540 1,381 1,345 1,022 Interest payments (long-term) 247 905 526 609 676 587 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 87 153 175 167 185 135 Public sector 87 153 175 167 185 135 of which: General government 77 87 99 111 122 115 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 160 752 351 442 491 452 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 6,418 13,659 13,584 14,593 16,033 16,974 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,274 6,224 6,615 6,749 6,993 7,967 Official creditors 2,448 3,882 4,416 4,580 4,880 6,329 Multilateral 1,802 3,154 3,664 3,794 3,934 4,798 of which: World Bank 1,359 1,830 2,026 1,960 1,879 2,054 Bilateral 645 728 752 786 946 1,531 Private creditors 827 2,341 2,199 2,169 2,113 1,638 Bondholders 750 1,500 1,250 1,250 1,250 750 Commercial banks and others 77 841 949 919 863 888 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 3,143 7,435 6,969 7,844 9,040 9,007 Bondholders .. 1,054 1,152 1,660 3,320 3,372 Commercial banks and others 3,143 6,381 5,817 6,184 5,720 5,635 Use of IMF credit 1,272 307 397 416 448 792 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 275 -14 70 28 35 315 Long-term 516 1,146 29 787 1,314 688 Official creditors 330 253 315 259 344 1,142 Multilateral 294 265 337 212 181 659 of which: World Bank 126 19 125 -31 -58 115 Bilateral 36 -12 -22 48 163 482 Private creditors 186 892 -287 528 970 -454 Bondholders 250 404 -454 236 1,323 -290 Banks and others -64 488 167 291 -353 -164 Short-term 176 230 181 -262 -19 37 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 740 2,118 1,724 1,274 1,326 570 Portfolio equity -22 -4 -2 4 -6 1 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 191 230 189 170 172 291 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 73 113 106 102 112 133 Debt service to exports (%) 18 37 30 24 23 35 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 13 14 15 13 12 12 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 21 19 22 22 21 24 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 26 17 19 19 19 19 Gross national income (GNI) 12,026 14,440 15,447 16,915 16,699 15,137 83 GHANA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 8,367 21,152 22,326 23,262 26,606 31,179 Use of IMF credit 937 1,366 1,465 1,508 1,576 2,612 Long-term external debt 5,338 16,998 17,539 18,121 20,392 23,537 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,338 16,744 17,285 17,867 20,138 23,284 Public sector 5,338 16,744 17,285 17,867 20,138 23,284 of which: General government 4,783 15,725 16,187 16,773 19,071 22,194 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0 253 253 253 253 253 Short-term external debt 2,092 2,789 3,323 3,634 4,638 5,030 Disbursements (long-term) 1,314 2,510 1,166 2,662 3,630 4,361 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,314 2,510 1,166 2,662 3,630 4,361 Public sector 1,314 2,510 1,166 2,662 3,630 4,361 of which: General government 1,078 2,473 1,141 2,626 3,630 4,340 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0 .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 170 875 1,100 1,879 1,300 1,615 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 170 875 1,100 1,879 1,300 1,615 Public sector 170 875 1,100 1,879 1,300 1,615 of which: General government 149 862 1,089 1,866 1,280 1,571 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0 .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 96 554 745 675 688 937 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 96 548 739 669 682 931 Public sector 96 548 739 669 682 931 of which: General government 89 539 731 660 674 921 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0 6 6 6 6 6 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 5,338 16,998 17,539 18,121 20,392 23,537 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 5,338 16,744 17,285 17,867 20,138 23,284 Official creditors 4,216 8,681 9,184 8,871 8,706 9,164 Multilateral 2,744 4,728 5,383 5,375 5,482 6,056 of which: World Bank 1,868 3,415 3,945 3,926 3,989 4,477 Bilateral 1,472 3,952 3,800 3,496 3,225 3,108 Private creditors 1,122 8,064 8,102 8,996 11,432 14,120 Bondholders .. 1,000 1,000 3,000 6,000 9,000 Commercial banks and others 1,122 7,064 7,102 5,996 5,432 5,120 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 0 253 253 253 253 253 Bondholders 0 253 253 253 253 253 Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 937 1,366 1,465 1,508 1,576 2,612 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 124 166 18 78 76 939 Long-term 1,144 1,636 66 783 2,330 2,746 Official creditors 924 162 142 -153 -121 172 Multilateral 436 280 399 107 133 365 of which: World Bank 308 235 323 75 88 309 Bilateral 488 -117 -256 -260 -254 -193 Private creditors 220 1,473 -76 936 2,450 2,574 Bondholders 0 .. .. 2,000 3,000 3,000 Banks and others 220 1,473 -76 -1,064 -550 -426 Short-term 571 -503 409 290 1,005 390 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 2,527 3,485 3,255 2,989 3,880 1,876 Portfolio equity 18 .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 88 119 108 101 102 137 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 26 39 39 36 41 44 Debt service to exports (%) 3 9 10 12 8 12 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 25 13 15 16 17 16 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 33 22 24 23 21 19 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 57 26 30 26 27 24 Gross national income (GNI) 31,663 53,962 57,432 64,270 65,527 70,777 84 GRENADA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 560.6 622.1 561.5 568.0 567.0 700.1 Use of IMF credit 46.3 43.9 44.5 38.6 35.6 58.8 Long-term external debt 476.7 551.4 495.0 512.7 517.5 539.1 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 476.7 551.4 495.0 512.7 517.5 539.1 Public sector 476.7 551.4 495.0 512.7 517.5 539.1 of which: General government 472.4 550.6 494.6 512.7 517.5 539.1 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 37.6 26.8 22.0 16.7 13.8 102.2 Disbursements (long-term) 21.1 23.6 14.8 51.9 40.2 44.9 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 21.1 23.6 14.8 51.9 40.2 44.9 Public sector 21.1 23.6 14.8 51.9 40.2 44.9 of which: General government 21.1 23.6 14.8 51.9 40.2 44.9 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 15.1 26.2 32.1 33.3 34.4 28.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 15.1 26.2 32.1 33.3 34.4 28.7 Public sector 15.1 26.2 32.1 33.3 34.4 28.7 of which: General government 14.8 25.9 31.7 32.9 34.4 28.7 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 10.5 20.6 22.7 17.6 17.7 15.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 10.5 20.6 22.7 17.6 17.7 15.6 Public sector 10.5 20.6 22.7 17.6 17.7 15.6 of which: General government 10.4 20.5 22.7 17.6 17.7 15.6 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 476.7 551.4 495.0 512.7 517.5 539.1 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 476.7 551.4 495.0 512.7 517.5 539.1 Official creditors 278.2 355.9 356.0 383.9 399.9 432.2 Multilateral 187.8 251.0 256.0 278.7 273.6 305.0 of which: World Bank 58.2 89.5 102.0 131.1 131.4 161.4 Bilateral 90.4 104.9 100.0 105.2 126.2 127.1 Private creditors 198.5 195.5 139.0 128.8 117.6 107.0 Bondholders 193.2 195.1 135.6 126.7 115.9 105.4 Commercial banks and others 5.3 0.3 3.3 2.1 1.7 1.6 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 46.3 43.9 44.5 38.6 35.6 58.8 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 6.4 0.5 -2.0 -4.9 -2.8 21.0 Long-term 6.0 -2.6 -17.3 18.6 5.8 16.2 Official creditors 10.4 8.4 -5.9 30.3 16.9 26.9 Multilateral 13.4 9.2 -0.4 24.8 -4.1 27.4 of which: World Bank 8.6 2.1 7.3 31.3 1.2 26.1 Bilateral -3.1 -0.8 -5.6 5.5 21.0 -0.5 Private creditors -4.4 -11.0 -11.4 -11.7 -11.1 -10.7 Bondholders .. -11.0 -10.6 -10.6 -10.7 -10.6 Banks and others -4.4 .. -0.8 -1.2 -0.4 -0.1 Short-term -2.0 5.9 -5.3 -5.8 -3.3 87.9 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 42.3 91.6 138.7 143.4 206.1 138.0 Portfolio equity .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 293.6 116.1 95.2 85.8 88.2 156.9 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 76.7 64.5 55.9 53.8 51.9 71.1 Debt service to exports (%) 13.6 9.7 10.2 8.5 8.6 11.0 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 6.7 4.3 3.9 2.9 2.4 14.6 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 33.5 40.3 45.6 49.1 48.3 43.6 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 21.3 33.4 35.5 41.2 41.7 41.9 Gross national income (GNI) 731.1 964.6 1,004.1 1,055.1 1,093.0 984.8 85 GUATEMALA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 15,043 21,130 23,265 24,275 25,035 25,136 Use of IMF credit 309 270 286 279 278 289 Long-term external debt 13,149 19,939 21,936 22,397 23,419 23,617 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,559 8,148 8,366 8,428 9,843 11,192 Public sector 5,559 8,148 8,366 8,428 9,843 11,192 of which: General government 5,061 7,878 8,134 8,234 9,686 11,073 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 7,589 11,792 13,570 13,969 13,576 12,425 Short-term external debt 1,585 920 1,042 1,599 1,338 1,229 Disbursements (long-term) 1,472 2,862 5,197 882 1,870 1,960 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 881 953 662 406 1,812 1,748 Public sector 881 953 662 406 1,812 1,748 of which: General government 878 953 662 406 1,812 1,748 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 592 1,910 4,536 476 58 212 Principal repayments (long-term) 949 2,116 3,226 416 844 1,774 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 264 352 457 342 394 412 Public sector 264 352 457 342 394 412 of which: General government 242 314 419 305 357 374 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 685 1,765 2,768 74 449 1,362 Interest payments (long-term) 636 944 922 714 999 1,238 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 284 354 376 267 408 521 Public sector 284 354 376 267 408 521 of which: General government 253 338 362 255 397 513 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 352 591 546 447 591 717 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 13,149 19,939 21,936 22,397 23,419 23,617 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 5,559 8,148 8,366 8,428 9,843 11,192 Official creditors 4,600 5,684 5,406 5,470 5,188 5,340 Multilateral 4,241 5,197 4,911 4,977 4,686 4,820 of which: World Bank 1,372 1,679 1,555 1,718 1,641 1,758 Bilateral 359 486 496 493 502 520 Private creditors 959 2,464 2,960 2,958 4,655 5,853 Bondholders 955 2,430 2,930 2,930 4,630 5,830 Commercial banks and others 4 34 30 28 25 23 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 7,589 11,792 13,570 13,969 13,576 12,425 Bondholders 5 1,150 1,650 1,650 1,650 1,850 Commercial banks and others 7,584 10,642 11,920 12,319 11,926 10,575 Use of IMF credit 309 270 286 279 278 289 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 524 746 1,972 466 1,026 186 Official creditors 615 -101 -291 65 -280 140 Multilateral 630 -154 -289 68 -288 133 of which: World Bank 260 -86 -124 163 -78 118 Bilateral -15 53 -2 -2 8 6 Private creditors -91 847 2,263 400 1,306 46 Bondholders .. 700 1,000 .. 1,700 1,400 Banks and others -91 147 1,263 400 -394 -1,354 Short-term 359 76 122 556 -261 -109 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 794 782 880 1,037 929 901 Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 0 0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 151 161 166 170 171 179 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 38 33 33 34 33 33 Debt service to exports (%) 16 24 30 8 13 22 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 11 4 4 7 5 5 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 28 25 21 21 19 19 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 37 42 49 51 58 72 Gross national income (GNI) 39,643 64,628 70,153 71,702 75,609 76,206 86 GUINEA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 3,245 2,218 2,388 2,589 3,000 4,175 Use of IMF credit 205 379 426 464 481 668 Long-term external debt 2,925 1,764 1,860 1,989 2,331 3,363 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,925 1,764 1,860 1,989 2,331 3,363 Public sector 2,925 1,764 1,860 1,989 2,331 3,363 of which: General government 2,717 1,729 1,815 1,942 2,273 3,289 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 115 74 102 136 188 144 Disbursements (long-term) 36 134 90 239 423 967 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 36 134 90 239 423 967 Public sector 36 134 90 239 423 967 of which: General government 24 130 85 235 412 955 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 48 36 57 82 73 35 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 48 36 57 82 73 35 Public sector 48 36 57 82 73 35 of which: General government 47 36 57 82 72 35 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 21 21 23 29 30 39 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 21 21 23 29 30 39 Public sector 21 21 23 29 30 39 of which: General government 14 21 22 28 30 38 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 2,925 1,764 1,860 1,989 2,331 3,363 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,925 1,764 1,860 1,989 2,331 3,363 Official creditors 2,900 1,741 1,836 1,966 2,263 3,135 Multilateral 1,875 620 690 823 1,027 1,268 of which: World Bank 1,248 222 252 344 471 572 Bilateral 1,025 1,121 1,146 1,142 1,235 1,867 Private creditors 25 23 24 24 68 228 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 25 23 24 24 68 228 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 205 379 426 464 481 668 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit -10 51 24 49 20 162 Long-term -13 98 33 157 350 931 Official creditors -13 98 33 157 306 787 Multilateral -7 39 35 148 208 176 of which: World Bank 0 43 17 98 129 79 Bilateral -6 59 -2 9 98 610 Private creditors .. .. .. .. 44 145 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others .. .. .. .. 44 145 Short-term 75 -28 28 34 52 -44 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment .. 3 40 -28 13 12 Portfolio equity .. 0 1 0 0 0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 210 89 51 62 73 46 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 48 26 23 23 23 29 Debt service to exports (%) 5 2 2 3 3 2 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 4 3 4 5 6 3 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 58 28 29 32 34 30 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 9 38 41 46 40 30 Gross national income (GNI) 6,776 8,447 10,274 11,448 12,854 14,340 87 GUINEA-BISSAU (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 1,096.7 323.3 425.0 520.7 611.2 805.9 Use of IMF credit 24.7 42.5 51.6 52.6 50.3 48.9 Long-term external debt 980.3 260.6 352.3 438.2 513.7 708.8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 980.3 260.6 352.3 438.2 513.7 708.8 Public sector 980.3 260.6 352.3 438.2 513.7 708.8 of which: General government 970.5 260.6 352.3 438.2 513.7 708.8 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 91.8 20.2 21.2 29.9 47.2 48.3 Disbursements (long-term) 9.8 4.6 88.7 117.7 80.6 179.4 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9.8 4.6 88.7 117.7 80.6 179.4 Public sector 9.8 4.6 88.7 117.7 80.6 179.4 of which: General government 9.8 4.6 88.7 117.7 80.6 179.4 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 5.9 2.6 5.5 3.3 2.9 5.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5.9 2.6 5.5 3.3 2.9 5.7 Public sector 5.9 2.6 5.5 3.3 2.9 5.7 of which: General government 5.5 2.6 5.5 3.3 2.9 5.7 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 3.9 2.4 3.3 5.6 7.3 10.2 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3.9 2.4 3.3 5.6 7.3 10.2 Public sector 3.9 2.4 3.3 5.6 7.3 10.2 of which: General government 3.8 2.4 3.3 5.6 7.3 10.2 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 980.3 260.6 352.3 438.2 513.7 708.8 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 980.3 260.6 352.3 438.2 513.7 708.8 Official creditors 980.3 232.7 283.7 341.5 387.5 496.3 Multilateral 495.9 114.8 162.9 221.4 267.9 377.4 of which: World Bank 288.6 54.1 67.0 111.1 126.1 163.7 Bilateral 484.4 117.9 120.9 120.1 119.6 119.0 Private creditors .. 27.9 68.5 96.7 126.2 212.5 Bondholders .. 27.9 68.5 96.7 126.2 212.5 Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 24.7 42.5 51.6 52.6 50.3 48.9 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 7.6 6.1 6.4 2.2 -2.0 -3.4 Long-term 3.9 2.0 83.2 114.4 77.8 173.7 Official creditors 3.9 2.5 42.6 86.2 48.3 87.4 Multilateral -1.8 2.5 36.7 86.8 48.9 88.0 of which: World Bank -1.0 2.8 9.4 46.1 15.7 30.5 Bilateral 5.8 0.0 5.9 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 Private creditors .. -0.5 40.6 28.2 29.5 86.3 Bondholders .. -0.5 40.6 28.2 29.5 86.3 Banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term -6.0 -20.4 1.0 8.7 16.9 0.6 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 26.2 14.2 15.7 16.7 71.5 20.4 Portfolio equity 2.7 .. .. .. -0.2 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 596.7 148.4 100.8 119.4 164.9 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 129.6 26.8 31.4 35.8 41.6 55.3 Debt service to exports (%) 9.8 2.8 2.6 2.6 3.6 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 8.4 6.2 5.0 5.7 7.7 6.0 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 45.2 35.5 38.3 42.5 43.8 46.8 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 14.3 .. .. .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 846.2 1,208.7 1,352.9 1,453.5 1,470.0 1,456.3 88 GUYANA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 1,408 1,644 1,582 1,607 1,530 1,507 Use of IMF credit 190 117 124 121 120 125 Long-term external debt 885 1,284 1,343 1,362 1,361 1,327 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 885 1,049 1,135 1,205 1,255 1,271 Public sector 885 1,049 1,135 1,205 1,255 1,271 of which: General government 816 1,013 1,099 1,170 1,220 1,237 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0 235 208 157 106 56 Short-term external debt 333 243 116 124 49 54 Disbursements (long-term) 123 141 109 138 92 48 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 123 61 109 138 92 48 Public sector 123 61 109 138 92 48 of which: General government 123 61 109 138 92 48 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0 80 .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 16 48 66 106 105 103 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 16 32 39 55 54 52 Public sector 16 32 39 55 54 52 of which: General government 15 32 38 55 54 52 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 15 27 51 51 51 Interest payments (long-term) 11 28 32 33 33 30 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 11 18 19 22 23 24 Public sector 11 18 19 22 23 24 of which: General government 11 17 19 22 23 24 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 11 13 11 9 6 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 885 1,284 1,343 1,362 1,361 1,327 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 885 1,049 1,135 1,205 1,255 1,271 Official creditors 869 1,033 1,101 1,172 1,223 1,240 Multilateral 533 694 726 788 815 825 of which: World Bank 9 25 36 75 83 90 Bilateral 336 339 376 384 408 415 Private creditors 16 16 33 33 32 31 Bondholders 0 0 0 0 0 0 Commercial banks and others 16 16 33 33 32 31 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 0 235 208 157 106 56 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 0 235 208 157 106 56 Use of IMF credit 190 117 124 121 120 125 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit -1 -4 .. .. .. .. Long-term 107 93 44 32 -12 -55 Official creditors 107 29 53 84 39 -4 Multilateral 56 7 26 64 28 6 of which: World Bank 0 5 9 41 8 4 Bilateral 51 22 27 19 11 -9 Private creditors 0 64 -10 -51 -51 -51 Bondholders .. .. .. .. 0 0 Banks and others 0 64 -10 -51 -51 -51 Short-term -125 -80 -122 6 -7 5 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 39 137 274 957 1,514 1,834 Portfolio equity .. 0 0 0 0 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 118 95 93 100 82 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 41 37 33 34 30 35 Debt service to exports (%) 3 5 6 9 7 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 24 15 7 8 3 4 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 38 42 46 49 53 55 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 56 35 36 32 37 45 Gross national income (GNI) 3,446 4,478 4,737 4,760 5,127 4,267 89 HAITI (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 959.1 2,167.8 2,169.8 2,219.7 2,213.9 2,317.7 Use of IMF credit 134.9 216.0 212.7 200.6 185.5 291.1 Long-term external debt 824.0 1,950.8 1,955.0 2,019.1 2,012.0 2,026.5 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 824.0 1,946.6 1,954.4 2,018.8 2,012.0 2,026.5 Public sector 824.0 1,946.6 1,954.4 2,018.8 2,012.0 2,026.5 of which: General government 777.5 1,912.8 1,923.4 1,990.4 1,986.5 2,003.9 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 4.2 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 Short-term external debt 0.1 1.0 2.1 0.1 16.3 0.1 Disbursements (long-term) 287.6 106.0 16.5 40.1 3.2 .. Public and publicly guaranteed sector 287.6 102.0 16.5 40.1 3.2 .. Public sector 287.6 102.0 16.5 40.1 3.2 .. of which: General government 287.6 102.0 16.5 39.6 3.2 .. Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 4.0 .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 122.4 67.6 9.4 5.5 6.6 7.3 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 122.4 67.2 5.8 5.1 6.4 7.3 Public sector 122.4 67.2 5.8 5.1 6.4 7.3 of which: General government 121.5 64.2 3.0 2.1 3.5 4.4 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 0.5 3.6 0.4 0.2 .. Interest payments (long-term) 8.0 19.3 4.6 3.5 3.2 2.5 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8.0 19.2 4.6 3.4 3.2 2.5 Public sector 8.0 19.2 4.6 3.4 3.2 2.5 of which: General government 7.7 18.3 3.8 2.6 2.5 1.8 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 824.0 1,950.8 1,955.0 2,019.1 2,012.0 2,026.5 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 824.0 1,946.6 1,954.4 2,018.8 2,012.0 2,026.5 Official creditors 774.0 1,901.3 1,909.0 1,973.5 1,967.9 1,983.5 Multilateral 557.0 89.2 101.3 99.3 96.4 92.1 of which: World Bank 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. Bilateral 217.0 1,812.0 1,807.7 1,874.2 1,871.5 1,891.4 Private creditors 50.0 45.3 45.3 45.3 44.2 43.0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 50.0 45.3 45.3 45.3 44.2 43.0 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 4.2 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. 4.2 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 Use of IMF credit 134.9 216.0 212.7 200.6 185.5 291.1 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 124.8 39.5 -5.9 -9.6 -10.7 97.6 Long-term 165.1 38.4 7.1 34.6 -3.4 -7.3 Official creditors 165.1 34.9 10.7 35.0 -2.0 -6.1 Multilateral 42.3 10.0 15.0 -1.6 0.7 -3.2 of which: World Bank -35.9 .. .. .. .. .. Bilateral 122.9 24.8 -4.3 36.6 -2.7 -2.9 Private creditors .. 3.5 -3.6 -0.4 -1.4 -1.2 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others .. 3.5 -3.6 -0.4 -1.4 -1.2 Short-term -0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 178.0 104.9 374.9 105.0 75.0 30.0 Portfolio equity 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 91.4 128.6 135.7 120.1 123.0 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 8.2 15.7 15.2 13.9 15.4 17.2 Debt service to exports (%) 12.5 5.4 1.2 1.0 1.2 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.0 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 58.1 4.1 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.0 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 197.2 97.2 107.6 103.4 .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 11,683.9 13,771.2 14,272.3 16,015.9 14,381.8 13,446.6 90 HONDURAS (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 4,008 7,614 8,742 9,167 9,745 11,017 Use of IMF credit 220 166 176 172 171 664 Long-term external debt 3,413 7,009 8,072 8,293 8,795 9,733 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,834 6,084 7,126 7,351 7,751 8,589 Public sector 2,834 6,084 7,126 7,351 7,751 8,589 of which: General government 2,678 5,848 6,793 6,967 7,379 8,305 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 579 925 946 942 1,044 1,145 Short-term external debt 374 439 493 702 778 619 Disbursements (long-term) 906 775 1,695 1,013 1,079 2,058 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 454 387 1,160 523 693 1,604 Public sector 454 387 1,160 523 693 1,604 of which: General government 452 311 1,061 466 671 1,604 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 452 388 535 490 386 454 Principal repayments (long-term) 453 685 713 730 553 1,194 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 63 179 203 256 276 822 Public sector 63 179 203 256 276 822 of which: General government 54 167 199 251 242 732 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 390 506 510 474 277 372 Interest payments (long-term) 56 237 238 285 328 321 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 46 218 220 267 305 302 Public sector 46 218 220 267 305 302 of which: General government 43 213 206 256 286 286 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 10 20 19 18 23 19 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 3,413 7,009 8,072 8,293 8,795 9,733 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,834 6,084 7,126 7,351 7,751 8,589 Official creditors 2,704 4,697 4,965 5,183 5,620 6,392 Multilateral 1,907 3,894 4,135 4,395 4,564 5,404 of which: World Bank 602 940 985 937 908 1,034 Bilateral 796 804 830 788 1,056 988 Private creditors 131 1,387 2,161 2,168 2,131 2,197 Bondholders .. 1,000 1,700 1,700 1,700 1,800 Commercial banks and others 131 387 461 468 431 397 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 579 925 946 942 1,044 1,145 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 579 925 946 942 1,044 1,145 Use of IMF credit 220 166 176 172 171 664 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit -2 -1 .. .. .. 470 Long-term 454 90 982 283 526 864 Official creditors 393 166 197 255 452 727 Multilateral 389 131 183 284 178 804 of which: World Bank 109 1 -4 -28 -23 95 Bilateral 3 35 14 -29 274 -77 Private creditors 61 -76 785 28 74 137 Bondholders .. .. 700 0 0 100 Banks and others 61 -76 85 28 74 37 Short-term 124 -54 55 210 76 -160 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 592 1,181 862 766 716 297 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 80 112 117 125 131 171 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 27 38 40 41 42 50 Debt service to exports (%) 10 14 13 14 12 24 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 9 6 6 8 8 6 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 48 51 47 48 47 49 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 67 50 54 52 59 73 Gross national income (GNI) 15,110 20,197 21,721 22,173 23,175 22,201 91 INDIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 290,428 455,502 511,473 521,030 560,871 564,179 Use of IMF credit 6,127 5,348 5,666 5,533 5,501 5,730 Long-term external debt 227,853 366,221 408,198 411,574 448,590 454,916 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 100,563 152,973 182,914 180,395 191,861 192,785 Public sector 100,507 152,973 182,914 180,395 191,861 192,785 of which: General government 78,545 111,062 141,985 134,209 140,056 139,287 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 56 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 127,290 213,248 225,284 231,179 256,729 262,131 Short-term external debt 56,448 83,933 97,609 103,924 106,780 103,533 Disbursements (long-term) 43,406 41,942 78,141 52,132 71,708 67,570 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 24,337 11,570 39,420 18,990 24,616 22,372 Public sector 24,337 11,570 39,420 18,990 24,616 22,372 of which: General government 18,716 6,194 33,034 7,864 11,596 13,974 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 19,069 30,372 38,721 33,141 47,093 45,197 Principal repayments (long-term) 19,018 65,971 38,667 46,229 34,762 63,970 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,164 20,472 11,982 21,016 13,220 24,174 Public sector 5,144 20,472 11,982 21,016 13,220 24,174 of which: General government 2,630 11,409 4,189 15,244 5,822 16,958 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 20 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 13,854 45,499 26,684 25,213 21,543 39,796 Interest payments (long-term) 4,675 9,540 10,346 13,975 12,888 11,192 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,063 2,105 2,151 2,615 3,283 1,650 Public sector 1,061 2,105 2,151 2,615 3,283 1,650 of which: General government 687 770 952 1,217 1,496 1,281 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 2 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 3,612 7,435 8,195 11,361 9,605 9,543 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 227,853 366,221 408,198 411,574 448,590 454,916 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 100,563 152,973 182,914 180,395 191,861 192,785 Official creditors 72,499 73,229 78,044 81,001 84,366 95,969 Multilateral 46,513 50,789 52,976 54,165 56,404 64,268 of which: World Bank 37,068 36,348 37,234 36,464 36,809 39,577 Bilateral 25,986 22,440 25,068 26,836 27,961 31,700 Private creditors 28,065 79,744 104,870 99,394 107,495 96,817 Bondholders 14,700 53,246 81,997 73,809 81,351 71,333 Commercial banks and others 13,364 26,499 22,873 25,585 26,144 25,484 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 127,290 213,248 225,284 231,179 256,729 262,131 Bondholders 13,217 10,040 14,645 13,962 19,197 25,820 Commercial banks and others 114,073 203,208 210,639 217,216 237,532 236,310 Use of IMF credit 6,127 5,348 5,666 5,533 5,501 5,730 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 24,388 -24,029 39,474 5,903 36,946 3,600 Official creditors 5,221 1,978 2,450 3,420 3,301 9,103 Multilateral 4,581 1,014 885 1,747 2,381 6,997 of which: World Bank 3,027 506 -369 -243 465 1,985 Bilateral 640 965 1,564 1,673 920 2,107 Private creditors 19,168 -26,008 37,025 2,482 33,645 -5,503 Bondholders 10,339 -3,796 33,310 -8,417 12,784 -3,460 Banks and others 8,829 -22,211 3,715 10,899 20,861 -2,044 Short-term 9,845 2,370 13,676 6,315 2,856 -3,246 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 27,357 41,987 37,098 39,234 43,136 59,496 Portfolio equity 30,442 2,337 5,928 -4,361 13,769 24,854 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 81 102 101 93 99 111 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 18 20 20 19 20 22 Debt service to exports (%) 7 17 10 11 9 15 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 19 18 19 20 19 18 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 16 11 10 10 10 11 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 95 75 76 72 77 97 Gross national income (GNI) 1,657,660 2,247,940 2,622,800 2,672,176 2,843,265 2,598,299 92 INDONESIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 198,278 318,942 353,564 379,589 402,106 417,532 Use of IMF credit 3,050 2,662 2,820 2,754 2,739 2,852 Long-term external debt 162,181 275,595 304,012 328,875 354,569 370,192 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 102,748 177,073 194,953 215,072 233,528 248,419 Public sector 102,748 177,073 194,953 215,072 233,528 248,419 of which: General government 94,026 154,762 175,600 183,262 199,076 206,991 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 59,433 98,522 109,059 113,802 121,041 121,773 Short-term external debt 33,047 40,685 46,731 47,960 44,799 44,488 Disbursements (long-term) 34,335 68,083 78,616 72,086 94,778 65,672 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 13,695 26,669 27,535 31,060 31,656 30,834 Public sector 13,695 26,669 27,535 31,060 31,656 30,834 of which: General government 8,139 23,903 24,690 15,822 25,950 21,355 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 20,640 41,414 51,081 41,026 63,122 34,838 Principal repayments (long-term) 26,202 53,835 46,884 42,905 68,392 52,577 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8,072 10,029 11,765 10,614 13,235 18,469 Public sector 8,072 10,029 11,765 10,614 13,235 18,469 of which: General government 7,823 5,951 5,961 7,858 10,178 15,905 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 18,129 43,806 35,119 32,291 55,157 34,108 Interest payments (long-term) 4,944 9,730 10,595 10,703 12,046 13,531 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,034 5,959 6,579 6,767 7,867 9,360 Public sector 3,034 5,959 6,579 6,767 7,867 9,360 of which: General government 2,834 4,906 5,520 5,873 6,281 6,742 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,910 3,771 4,015 3,936 4,179 4,170 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 162,181 275,595 304,012 328,875 354,569 370,192 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 102,748 177,073 194,953 215,072 233,528 248,419 Official creditors 66,176 51,549 51,666 53,072 52,276 57,928 Multilateral 22,567 27,496 28,363 30,099 31,447 34,077 of which: World Bank 11,367 17,224 17,941 18,507 19,109 19,669 Bilateral 43,609 24,052 23,302 22,973 20,829 23,851 Private creditors 36,572 125,524 143,287 162,000 181,251 190,491 Bondholders 28,698 114,376 135,396 151,001 173,224 182,704 Commercial banks and others 7,874 11,149 7,891 10,999 8,027 7,786 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 59,433 98,522 109,059 113,802 121,041 121,773 Bondholders 8,437 13,306 14,383 15,038 16,515 18,208 Commercial banks and others 50,996 85,216 94,677 98,764 104,526 103,565 Use of IMF credit 3,050 2,662 2,820 2,754 2,739 2,852 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 8,134 14,248 31,732 29,182 26,386 13,095 Official creditors 1,406 -472 -905 1,401 -927 3,978 Multilateral 1,367 1,595 736 1,785 1,354 2,149 of which: World Bank 1,287 1,221 645 594 617 472 Bilateral 39 -2,067 -1,641 -384 -2,282 1,829 Private creditors 6,727 14,720 32,637 27,780 27,313 9,116 Bondholders 3,198 17,144 21,257 16,496 23,767 10,493 Banks and others 3,529 -2,424 11,380 11,284 3,546 -1,377 Short-term 8,998 2,254 6,046 1,229 -3,161 -311 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 12,447 4,684 18,839 19,993 25,069 19,348 Portfolio equity 2,132 1,319 -2,538 -3,668 -397 -4,362 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 118 186 177 172 194 228 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 27 35 36 38 37 41 Debt service to exports (%) 19 37 29 25 39 37 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 17 13 13 13 11 11 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 11 9 8 8 8 8 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 47 36 36 31 31 31 Gross national income (GNI) 734,988 902,045 983,438 1,011,213 1,085,070 1,029,919 93 IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 19,769 6,058 6,819 5,774 4,855 5,451 Use of IMF credit 2,196 1,917 2,031 1,983 1,972 2,054 Long-term external debt 5,960 827 589 1,637 1,285 1,313 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,960 827 589 437 370 419 Public sector 5,947 827 589 437 370 419 of which: General government 929 378 280 206 141 132 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 12 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0 0 0 1,200 915 894 Short-term external debt 11,613 3,314 4,199 2,154 1,599 2,085 Disbursements (long-term) 249 37 123 0 29 116 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 249 37 123 0 29 116 Public sector 244 37 123 0 29 116 of which: General government 72 0 0 0 .. 52 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 5 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 1,532 1,934 387 138 256 263 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,532 1,934 387 138 93 84 Public sector 1,530 1,934 387 138 93 84 of which: General government 33 99 99 74 65 65 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 2 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. 163 178 Interest payments (long-term) 136 88 22 18 33 26 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 136 88 22 18 15 15 Public sector 135 88 22 18 15 15 of which: General government 13 6 7 6 7 4 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. 18 11 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 5,960 827 589 1,637 1,285 1,313 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 5,960 827 589 437 370 419 Official creditors 2,068 593 520 413 325 300 Multilateral 833 407 342 272 199 190 of which: World Bank 801 355 271 206 141 132 Bilateral 1,234 186 177 141 126 110 Private creditors 3,892 234 70 24 45 118 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 3,892 234 70 24 45 118 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 0 0 0 1,200 915 894 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 0 0 0 1,200 915 894 Use of IMF credit 2,196 1,917 2,031 1,983 1,972 2,054 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term -1,283 -1,897 -264 -138 -227 -146 Official creditors -202 -162 -88 -93 -86 -33 Multilateral 78 -72 -72 -67 -72 -18 of which: World Bank 64 -83 -84 -65 -65 -13 Bilateral -281 -90 -16 -26 -14 -15 Private creditors -1,081 -1,735 -176 -45 -141 -113 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others -1,081 -1,735 -176 -45 -141 -113 Short-term 2,826 1,292 886 -2,047 -612 445 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 3,649 3,372 5,019 2,373 1,508 1,342 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 20 6 6 5 7 14 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 4 1 2 2 2 3 Debt service to exports (%) 2 2 0 0 0 1 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 59 55 62 37 33 38 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 4 7 5 5 4 3 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) .. .. .. .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 486,887 419,265 446,174 295,974 258,444 192,237 94 JAMAICA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 14,193 14,127 14,808 18,381 18,577 18,035 Use of IMF credit 1,188 1,103 1,152 1,074 978 1,449 Long-term external debt 11,916 11,363 11,862 15,102 15,330 14,801 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 7,609 9,507 9,929 9,759 9,407 9,151 Public sector 7,608 9,507 9,929 9,759 9,407 9,151 of which: General government 6,391 8,398 9,190 9,115 8,798 8,575 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 4,307 1,856 1,932 5,344 5,923 5,650 Short-term external debt 1,089 1,662 1,794 2,205 2,269 1,785 Disbursements (long-term) 2,360 1,097 1,184 1,389 1,613 487 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,285 1,054 1,079 294 1,009 260 Public sector 1,285 1,054 1,079 294 1,009 260 of which: General government 1,054 1,018 1,073 285 993 257 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,075 44 105 1,096 604 227 Principal repayments (long-term) 345 1,206 712 460 1,405 1,008 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 337 1,170 683 456 1,355 521 Public sector 337 1,170 683 456 1,355 521 of which: General government 226 1,093 595 352 1,305 483 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 9 37 28 4 50 487 Interest payments (long-term) 829 667 652 688 775 713 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 489 575 558 591 607 552 Public sector 489 575 558 591 607 552 of which: General government 401 514 503 541 559 513 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 341 92 94 96 168 161 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 11,916 11,363 11,862 15,102 15,330 14,801 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 7,609 9,507 9,929 9,759 9,407 9,151 Official creditors 3,271 3,643 3,609 3,645 3,585 3,566 Multilateral 2,352 2,967 2,922 2,940 2,915 2,947 of which: World Bank 579 809 862 865 886 945 Bilateral 919 677 687 705 670 619 Private creditors 4,338 5,863 6,320 6,114 5,822 5,585 Bondholders 3,786 5,632 6,163 6,064 5,810 5,585 Commercial banks and others 552 232 157 50 12 0 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 4,307 1,856 1,932 5,344 5,923 5,650 Bondholders 4,290 1,175 1,175 1,175 1,775 2,000 Commercial banks and others 17 681 757 4,169 4,148 3,650 Use of IMF credit 1,188 1,103 1,152 1,074 978 1,449 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 778 113 -16 -53 -90 417 Long-term 2,015 -109 472 929 208 -521 Official creditors 863 51 -50 42 -54 -23 Multilateral 835 90 -49 18 -22 34 of which: World Bank 181 -16 53 3 21 60 Bilateral 29 -39 -1 24 -32 -57 Private creditors 1,151 -160 522 887 263 -497 Bondholders 1,007 -90 532 -100 347 -250 Banks and others 145 -70 -9 987 -84 -247 Short-term 350 119 130 409 64 -441 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 183 928 889 775 665 265 Portfolio equity 0 33 251 181 257 261 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 334 300 285 299 292 486 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 112 105 103 121 120 136 Debt service to exports (%) 28 41 27 20 36 50 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 8 12 12 12 12 10 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 17 21 20 16 16 16 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 18 23 26 19 20 22 Gross national income (GNI) 12,726 13,480 14,386 15,131 15,422 13,253 95 JORDAN (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 16,894 27,110 30,051 31,925 33,482 38,016 Use of IMF credit 257 1,820 1,500 981 729 1,271 Long-term external debt 7,588 14,821 17,619 19,434 20,455 22,662 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 6,323 12,507 15,158 16,363 16,841 18,756 Public sector 6,190 12,430 15,089 16,329 16,811 18,729 of which: General government 5,755 11,839 14,479 15,734 16,142 18,079 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 133 76 69 34 30 28 Private sector not guaranteed 1,265 2,314 2,460 3,071 3,614 3,905 Short-term external debt 9,049 10,470 10,933 11,511 12,297 14,084 Disbursements (long-term) 1,508 3,501 3,230 2,782 2,812 4,043 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,358 3,241 2,983 2,013 2,037 3,439 Public sector 1,358 3,241 2,983 2,013 2,037 3,439 of which: General government 1,087 3,232 2,938 1,884 1,928 3,439 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 150 259 247 769 775 604 Principal repayments (long-term) 506 1,641 651 749 1,777 2,089 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 480 1,566 553 591 1,545 1,775 Public sector 472 1,558 545 583 1,541 1,773 of which: General government 464 1,531 507 542 1,506 1,752 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 8 8 8 8 4 2 Private sector not guaranteed 26 75 98 158 231 313 Interest payments (long-term) 161 324 441 603 734 580 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 145 282 387 504 581 523 Public sector 139 279 383 501 579 523 of which: General government 130 258 363 481 557 508 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 6 4 3 3 1 1 Private sector not guaranteed 16 42 55 99 153 56 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 7,588 14,821 17,619 19,434 20,455 22,662 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 6,323 12,507 15,158 16,363 16,841 18,756 Official creditors 5,284 5,914 6,563 7,097 8,203 9,427 Multilateral 2,526 3,290 3,449 3,795 4,731 5,491 of which: World Bank 1,040 1,857 1,876 2,252 2,985 3,329 Bilateral 2,757 2,624 3,115 3,301 3,472 3,936 Private creditors 1,040 6,593 8,595 9,266 8,638 9,330 Bondholders 881 6,444 8,429 9,115 8,500 9,198 Commercial banks and others 159 149 166 152 138 132 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,265 2,314 2,460 3,071 3,614 3,905 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 1,265 2,314 2,460 3,071 3,614 3,905 Use of IMF credit 257 1,820 1,500 981 729 1,271 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit -4 -195 -416 -493 -246 495 Long-term 1,002 1,860 2,579 2,033 1,035 1,955 Official creditors 151 647 438 747 1,118 979 Multilateral 152 428 101 371 941 691 of which: World Bank -71 308 19 376 733 344 Bilateral -1 220 338 376 177 288 Private creditors 851 1,212 2,140 1,286 -83 976 Bondholders 736 986 1,986 686 -615 700 Banks and others 116 227 155 600 531 276 Short-term 530 163 463 578 787 1,786 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,688 1,553 2,030 955 825 718 Portfolio equity -21 334 -476 41 -62 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 124 190 198 198 191 337 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 63 68 73 75 75 87 Debt service to exports (%) 6 17 12 14 19 28 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 54 39 36 36 37 37 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 15 12 11 12 14 14 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 77 52 .. .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 26,919 39,587 41,203 42,733 44,510 43,567 96 KAZAKHSTAN (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 119,151 163,488 158,949 156,979 158,958 162,974 Use of IMF credit 529 462 489 478 475 495 Long-term external debt 109,757 156,294 150,781 148,135 149,494 152,445 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,845 21,425 21,295 24,181 24,716 25,430 Public sector 3,845 21,425 21,295 24,181 24,716 25,430 of which: General government 3,712 14,071 13,806 14,652 15,220 15,666 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 105,912 134,869 129,486 123,954 124,779 127,015 Short-term external debt 8,864 6,732 7,678 8,366 8,989 10,034 Disbursements (long-term) 45,054 30,505 31,525 33,912 31,801 34,189 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,522 1,712 892 3,504 1,975 1,570 Public sector 1,522 1,712 892 3,504 1,975 1,570 of which: General government 1,508 1,454 243 1,447 1,581 1,300 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 43,532 28,793 30,632 30,408 29,826 32,618 Principal repayments (long-term) 34,639 17,415 24,529 29,807 29,334 27,125 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 278 418 1,042 581 1,433 1,082 Public sector 278 418 1,042 581 1,433 1,082 of which: General government 99 401 528 565 1,003 1,066 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 34,361 16,997 23,487 29,226 27,901 26,042 Interest payments (long-term) 4,517 2,668 3,185 3,518 3,177 3,353 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 54 801 859 902 1,079 1,022 Public sector 54 801 859 902 1,079 1,022 of which: General government 48 434 489 525 586 516 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 4,463 1,866 2,325 2,617 2,098 2,331 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 109,757 156,294 150,781 148,135 149,494 152,445 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,845 21,425 21,295 24,181 24,716 25,430 Official creditors 3,845 7,990 8,361 8,372 7,634 8,097 Multilateral 2,785 7,175 6,925 6,638 6,010 6,265 of which: World Bank 1,830 4,313 4,185 3,977 3,802 3,615 Bilateral 1,060 815 1,435 1,734 1,624 1,833 Private creditors 0 13,435 12,935 15,810 17,082 17,333 Bondholders .. 13,435 12,935 15,810 17,082 17,333 Commercial banks and others 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: 105,912 134,869 129,486 123,954 124,779 127,015 Bondholders 21,044 6,273 9,272 7,908 6,684 7,717 Commercial banks and others 84,868 128,596 120,213 116,046 118,094 119,299 Use of IMF credit 529 462 489 478 475 495 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 10,415 13,090 6,995 4,105 2,467 7,064 Official creditors 1,244 1,294 350 9 -746 480 Multilateral 1,436 1,082 -250 -281 -629 295 of which: World Bank 1,283 1,053 -128 -208 -175 -187 Bilateral -192 212 600 290 -117 185 Private creditors 9,170 11,796 6,645 4,096 3,213 6,584 Bondholders -1,053 -482 1,499 2,797 -101 1,098 Banks and others 10,224 12,278 5,146 1,299 3,314 5,486 Short-term 1,879 300 929 661 617 1,231 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 4,162 9,042 5,748 2,649 6,684 5,695 Portfolio equity 134 -27 22 -1,520 481 346 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 175 373 283 225 232 303 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 93 132 107 100 100 105 Debt service to exports (%) 58 46 50 48 48 57 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 7 4 5 5 6 6 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 2 4 4 4 4 4 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 21 12 11 11 6 7 Gross national income (GNI) 128,672 123,828 148,657 157,279 158,975 154,905 97 KENYA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 8,862 21,037 26,930 31,414 34,941 38,194 Use of IMF credit 817 1,103 1,047 879 720 1,391 Long-term external debt 7,004 17,800 23,226 27,989 31,611 34,509 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 7,004 17,126 22,378 26,968 30,793 33,688 Public sector 7,004 17,126 22,378 26,968 30,793 33,688 of which: General government 6,566 16,629 21,067 25,459 29,238 32,133 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 673 849 1,021 817 821 Short-term external debt 1,041 2,134 2,657 2,546 2,611 2,294 Disbursements (long-term) 532 2,784 5,217 6,621 6,722 3,557 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 532 2,649 5,183 6,247 6,712 3,413 Public sector 532 2,649 5,183 6,247 6,712 3,413 of which: General government 522 2,538 4,343 6,016 6,638 3,406 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 135 34 374 10 144 Principal repayments (long-term) 260 529 710 1,566 3,012 1,428 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 260 332 569 1,370 2,802 1,273 Public sector 260 332 569 1,370 2,802 1,273 of which: General government 233 315 519 1,331 2,764 1,223 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 196 141 196 210 154 Interest payments (long-term) 90 479 657 996 1,242 1,195 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 90 437 606 941 1,181 1,150 Public sector 90 437 606 941 1,181 1,150 of which: General government 81 435 602 917 1,156 1,125 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 42 51 55 61 45 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 7,004 17,800 23,226 27,989 31,611 34,509 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 7,004 17,126 22,378 26,968 30,793 33,688 Official creditors 6,716 13,265 17,511 20,334 23,692 26,283 Multilateral 4,110 6,975 8,779 10,116 12,716 15,157 of which: World Bank 3,238 4,568 5,303 5,802 7,125 9,334 Bilateral 2,606 6,290 8,732 10,218 10,976 11,126 Private creditors 289 3,861 4,867 6,634 7,101 7,406 Bondholders .. 2,750 2,750 4,750 6,100 6,100 Commercial banks and others 289 1,111 2,117 1,884 1,001 1,306 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 673 849 1,021 817 821 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. 673 849 1,021 817 821 Use of IMF credit 817 1,103 1,047 879 720 1,391 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit -26 -68 -119 -146 -154 620 Long-term 272 2,255 4,507 5,056 3,711 2,129 Official creditors 270 2,166 3,652 3,082 3,430 1,921 Multilateral 223 813 1,428 1,510 2,641 2,015 of which: World Bank 132 334 455 631 1,359 1,866 Bilateral 47 1,353 2,224 1,572 790 -94 Private creditors 2 90 855 1,973 280 208 Bondholders .. .. .. 2,000 1,350 0 Banks and others 2 90 855 -27 -1,070 208 Short-term 73 -593 457 -132 139 -338 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 89 432 793 627 901 717 Portfolio equity 22 57 -126 -293 14 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 97 210 254 267 298 380 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 22 31 35 36 37 39 Debt service to exports (%) 4 11 15 24 38 28 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 12 10 10 8 7 6 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 46 33 33 32 36 40 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 49 36 27 26 26 22 Gross national income (GNI) 39,852 68,178 77,456 86,329 93,578 97,005 98 KOSOVO (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 1,456 2,125 2,504 2,326 2,428 3,108 Use of IMF credit 114 195 272 260 225 216 Long-term external debt 886 1,309 1,397 1,265 1,357 1,931 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 319 274 313 305 320 517 Public sector 319 274 313 305 320 517 of which: General government 319 240 263 250 267 467 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 567 1,035 1,083 961 1,037 1,414 Short-term external debt 455 621 836 800 846 962 Disbursements (long-term) 169 193 196 225 283 567 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 0 36 25 25 44 193 Public sector 0 36 25 25 44 193 of which: General government 0 14 10 13 39 192 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. 0 Private sector not guaranteed 169 157 171 200 239 375 Principal repayments (long-term) 76 107 97 208 171 251 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 14 19 20 21 24 27 Public sector 14 19 20 21 24 27 of which: General government 14 15 15 16 17 21 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. 0 Private sector not guaranteed 61 89 78 187 148 224 Interest payments (long-term) 34 56 50 55 47 47 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 11 11 11 11 10 11 Public sector 11 11 11 11 10 11 of which: General government 11 10 9 9 9 9 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. 0 Private sector not guaranteed 23 45 39 45 37 36 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 886 1,309 1,397 1,265 1,357 1,931 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 319 274 313 305 320 517 Official creditors 319 267 305 297 304 488 Multilateral 319 217 239 240 254 441 of which: World Bank 319 217 239 225 220 314 Bilateral 0 50 66 56 50 46 Private creditors .. 7 8 8 16 30 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. 7 8 8 16 30 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 567 1,035 1,083 961 1,037 1,414 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 567 1,035 1,083 961 1,037 1,414 Use of IMF credit 114 195 272 260 225 216 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 29 -15 64 -5 -34 -18 Long-term 94 86 99 17 112 316 Official creditors -14 14 4 4 12 154 Multilateral -14 -5 -4 11 17 162 of which: World Bank -14 -5 -4 -5 -1 77 Bilateral .. 19 8 -7 -5 -8 Private creditors 108 72 94 13 100 162 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others 108 72 94 13 100 162 Short-term -366 -58 215 -36 46 116 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 439 202 262 309 266 368 Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 0 0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 104 116 111 90 93 154 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 25 31 34 29 30 40 Debt service to exports (%) 8 12 9 11 10 19 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 31 29 33 34 35 31 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 22 10 10 10 10 14 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 56 30 33 38 40 35 Gross national income (GNI) 5,925 6,802 7,390 8,076 8,133 7,799 99 KYRGYZ REPUBLIC (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 4,118 7,972 8,125 8,158 8,448 8,697 Use of IMF credit 307 302 321 285 258 498 Long-term external debt 3,616 7,308 7,448 7,416 7,674 7,647 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,446 3,606 3,886 3,647 3,706 3,837 Public sector 2,446 3,606 3,886 3,647 3,706 3,837 of which: General government 2,446 3,606 3,886 3,647 3,706 3,837 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,171 3,702 3,562 3,769 3,968 3,809 Short-term external debt 195 362 356 457 517 552 Disbursements (long-term) 672 900 526 680 898 390 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 151 341 283 143 189 166 Public sector 151 341 283 143 189 166 of which: General government 151 341 283 143 189 166 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 521 558 243 537 708 224 Principal repayments (long-term) 462 574 465 432 631 508 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 38 86 82 102 122 125 Public sector 38 86 82 102 122 125 of which: General government 38 86 82 102 122 125 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 424 488 383 331 509 384 Interest payments (long-term) 69 75 83 84 88 87 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 23 47 51 54 56 55 Public sector 23 47 51 54 56 55 of which: General government 23 47 51 54 56 55 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 46 28 32 30 32 32 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 3,616 7,308 7,448 7,416 7,674 7,647 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,446 3,606 3,886 3,647 3,706 3,837 Official creditors 2,446 3,606 3,886 3,647 3,706 3,837 Multilateral 1,296 1,349 1,446 1,442 1,455 1,582 of which: World Bank 649 631 667 660 657 677 Bilateral 1,150 2,257 2,440 2,205 2,250 2,255 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,171 3,702 3,562 3,769 3,968 3,809 Bondholders .. .. .. 0 0 0 Commercial banks and others 1,171 3,702 3,562 3,768 3,968 3,809 Use of IMF credit 307 302 321 285 258 498 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 12 6 1 -29 -26 223 Long-term 210 326 61 248 267 -118 Official creditors 113 255 201 41 67 41 Multilateral 8 29 16 30 22 65 of which: World Bank 5 -2 -1 8 1 -7 Bilateral 105 226 185 11 46 -23 Private creditors 97 71 -141 206 200 -159 Bondholders .. .. .. .. 0 0 Banks and others 97 71 -141 206 200 -159 Short-term -238 10 -6 101 59 35 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 231 446 -17 86 490 262 Portfolio equity -18 -1 0 0 0 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 181 328 312 294 269 354 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 92 123 111 102 104 117 Debt service to exports (%) 25 28 22 20 24 26 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 5 5 4 6 6 6 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 31 17 18 18 17 18 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 39 23 23 21 20 21 Gross national income (GNI) 4,489 6,455 7,331 8,020 8,092 7,406 100 LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 6,554 13,535 14,696 15,377 16,701 17,164 Use of IMF credit 88 68 72 70 70 73 Long-term external debt 6,410 12,745 13,879 14,903 16,046 16,106 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,751 7,313 8,419 9,315 10,329 10,393 Public sector 3,751 7,313 8,419 9,315 10,329 10,393 of which: General government 3,528 7,117 8,252 9,151 10,170 10,239 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 2,659 5,433 5,461 5,588 5,717 5,714 Short-term external debt 56 722 745 404 585 985 Disbursements (long-term) 460 2,308 1,332 1,650 1,331 633 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 267 968 1,156 1,402 1,208 633 Public sector 267 968 1,156 1,402 1,208 633 of which: General government 267 968 1,156 1,377 1,208 633 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. 0 Private sector not guaranteed 193 1,340 176 248 124 .. Principal repayments (long-term) 217 326 446 536 261 730 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 59 236 298 416 259 726 Public sector 59 236 298 416 259 726 of which: General government 59 231 269 389 254 721 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 159 91 148 120 2 4 Interest payments (long-term) 78 223 281 328 244 294 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 28 138 176 222 211 259 Public sector 28 138 176 222 211 259 of which: General government 28 138 176 222 211 259 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 50 85 105 106 33 34 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 6,410 12,745 13,879 14,903 16,046 16,106 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,751 7,313 8,419 9,315 10,329 10,393 Official creditors 3,652 6,050 6,696 7,428 8,395 8,719 Multilateral 2,084 1,478 1,600 1,577 1,701 1,801 of which: World Bank 655 493 582 588 659 717 Bilateral 1,569 4,572 5,097 5,851 6,694 6,918 Private creditors 98 1,263 1,722 1,887 1,934 1,673 Bondholders .. 1,082 1,484 1,596 1,671 1,434 Commercial banks and others 98 181 238 291 263 239 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 2,659 5,433 5,461 5,588 5,717 5,714 Bondholders .. 558 510 560 691 692 Commercial banks and others 2,659 4,874 4,951 5,028 5,026 5,022 Use of IMF credit 88 68 72 70 70 73 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit -6 .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 243 1,982 886 1,113 1,070 -98 Official creditors 202 451 461 819 974 181 Multilateral 13 -25 36 13 133 33 of which: World Bank -13 -4 60 19 74 30 Bilateral 189 475 425 806 842 148 Private creditors 41 1,531 425 294 96 -278 Bondholders .. 560 309 158 124 -238 Banks and others 41 971 116 137 -28 -41 Short-term -148 23 23 -341 181 400 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 279 935 1,693 1,358 756 968 Portfolio equity 54 -5 -34 1 0 -1 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 284 260 254 238 236 262 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 98 89 92 90 97 95 Debt service to exports (%) 13 11 13 13 7 16 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 1 5 5 3 4 6 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 32 11 11 10 10 10 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 11 7 7 6 6 8 Gross national income (GNI) 6,676 15,126 15,964 17,116 17,161 18,094 101 LEBANON (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 47,819 69,509 74,165 79,650 73,893 68,865 Use of IMF credit 395 260 275 269 267 278 Long-term external debt 43,857 61,395 65,127 73,834 68,663 58,433 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 20,386 27,702 29,987 33,072 33,319 33,359 Public sector 20,386 27,702 29,987 33,072 33,319 33,359 of which: General government 20,386 27,702 29,987 33,072 33,319 33,359 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 23,471 33,693 35,140 40,763 35,343 25,074 Short-term external debt 3,567 7,854 8,764 5,547 4,963 10,154 Disbursements (long-term) 9,615 13,374 16,061 20,746 8,597 202 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,186 3,651 5,152 5,716 3,173 202 Public sector 2,186 3,651 5,152 5,716 3,173 202 of which: General government 2,186 3,651 5,152 5,716 3,173 202 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 7,430 9,724 10,909 15,030 5,424 .. Principal repayments (long-term) 8,395 11,307 12,492 11,996 13,761 10,467 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,477 2,626 3,030 2,589 2,917 198 Public sector 2,477 2,626 3,030 2,589 2,917 198 of which: General government 2,477 2,626 3,030 2,589 2,917 198 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 5,918 8,680 9,462 9,407 10,844 10,269 Interest payments (long-term) 2,735 3,690 3,779 4,275 4,597 2,287 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,406 1,719 1,761 2,150 2,142 157 Public sector 1,406 1,719 1,761 2,150 2,142 157 of which: General government 1,406 1,719 1,761 2,150 2,142 157 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,328 1,971 2,018 2,125 2,455 2,130 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 43,857 61,395 65,127 73,834 68,663 58,433 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 20,386 27,702 29,987 33,072 33,319 33,359 Official creditors 2,358 1,758 2,026 1,943 1,875 1,936 Multilateral 1,368 1,033 1,333 1,369 1,373 1,460 of which: World Bank 321 254 441 510 536 615 Bilateral 990 726 692 574 502 476 Private creditors 18,028 25,944 27,961 31,128 31,444 31,423 Bondholders 17,422 25,727 27,768 30,964 31,314 31,314 Commercial banks and others 606 217 194 164 130 109 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 23,471 33,693 35,140 40,763 35,343 25,074 Bondholders 500 500 300 600 600 600 Commercial banks and others 22,971 33,193 34,840 40,163 34,743 24,474 Use of IMF credit 395 260 275 269 267 278 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit -19 .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 1,221 2,068 3,569 8,750 -5,164 -10,265 Official creditors -59 -42 178 -51 -61 32 Multilateral -13 64 265 53 7 70 of which: World Bank 3 67 186 70 26 75 Bilateral -45 -106 -86 -105 -68 -38 Private creditors 1,279 2,110 3,390 8,802 -5,102 -10,297 Bondholders -396 1,114 1,776 3,504 350 0 Banks and others 1,675 996 1,614 5,297 -5,452 -10,297 Short-term 568 -525 909 -3,217 -584 3,106 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 4,280 2,568 2,519 2,650 2,220 3,028 Portfolio equity 154 -135 -294 -266 344 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 216 326 336 362 352 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 126 138 140 146 144 212 Debt service to exports (%) 50 71 75 75 88 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 7 11 12 7 7 15 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 3 1 2 2 2 2 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 66 62 59 51 52 36 Gross national income (GNI) 37,935 50,390 52,931 54,647 51,373 32,478 102 LESOTHO (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 788.1 921.5 936.0 903.6 935.9 1,052.2 Use of IMF credit 78.8 108.3 108.1 93.8 79.3 119.4 Long-term external debt 709.2 774.8 827.5 809.3 856.2 930.8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 709.2 774.8 827.5 809.3 856.2 930.8 Public sector 709.2 774.8 827.5 809.3 856.2 930.8 of which: General government 697.9 774.1 826.4 807.1 851.6 925.9 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 0.0 38.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 2.1 Disbursements (long-term) 45.4 59.6 38.9 42.7 91.2 79.2 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 45.4 59.6 38.9 42.7 91.2 79.2 Public sector 45.4 59.6 38.9 42.7 91.2 79.2 of which: General government 45.4 59.3 38.5 41.6 88.7 79.1 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 19.4 40.2 33.2 42.0 37.2 43.8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 19.4 40.2 33.2 42.0 37.2 43.8 Public sector 19.4 40.2 33.2 42.0 37.2 43.8 of which: General government 18.6 40.1 33.2 42.0 37.2 43.8 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 7.8 14.2 16.1 16.9 23.8 16.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 7.8 14.2 16.1 16.9 23.8 16.0 Public sector 7.8 14.2 16.1 16.9 23.8 16.0 of which: General government 6.4 14.2 16.1 16.9 23.8 16.0 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 709.2 774.8 827.5 809.3 856.2 930.8 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 709.2 774.8 827.5 809.3 856.2 930.8 Official creditors 687.8 769.2 821.9 804.7 852.4 926.7 Multilateral 632.7 648.5 703.5 697.0 721.7 755.5 of which: World Bank 330.2 284.1 321.4 338.3 362.8 399.5 Bilateral 55.0 120.7 118.4 107.7 130.8 171.2 Private creditors 21.5 5.6 5.6 4.6 3.8 4.1 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 21.5 5.6 5.6 4.6 3.8 4.1 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 78.8 108.3 108.1 93.8 79.3 119.4 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 4.4 -3.0 -6.5 -11.9 -14.0 35.6 Long-term 26.0 19.4 5.7 0.7 54.0 35.4 Official creditors 27.1 20.3 6.4 1.4 54.7 35.5 Multilateral 24.2 7.5 12.3 9.6 30.5 2.5 of which: World Bank 21.5 8.7 20.9 24.6 27.7 21.5 Bilateral 2.9 12.8 -5.9 -8.3 24.2 32.9 Private creditors -1.1 -0.8 -0.7 -0.7 -0.8 -0.1 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others -1.1 -0.8 -0.7 -0.7 -0.8 -0.1 Short-term -3.0 5.2 -37.9 -0.3 0.3 1.0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 46.6 45.7 45.9 50.6 46.5 40.9 Portfolio equity .. 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 47.3 62.5 55.9 48.6 56.8 76.6 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 27.4 38.4 35.7 31.5 34.8 50.1 Debt service to exports (%) 2.1 3.9 3.3 3.8 4.6 5.3 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 80.3 70.4 75.2 77.1 77.1 71.8 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 135.9 100.4 70.3 80.6 82.7 .. Gross national income (GNI) 2,872.1 2,400.9 2,620.8 2,864.8 2,690.4 2,098.2 103 LIBERIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 418.9 952.6 1,122.2 1,163.4 1,296.4 1,480.6 Use of IMF credit 235.3 359.4 401.8 389.5 396.3 472.9 Long-term external debt 183.1 593.2 720.4 773.9 900.0 1,007.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 183.1 528.3 659.7 718.7 851.5 966.3 Public sector 183.1 528.3 659.7 718.7 851.5 966.3 of which: General government 183.1 528.3 659.7 718.7 851.5 966.3 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 64.9 60.8 55.2 48.5 41.4 Short-term external debt 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 Disbursements (long-term) 0.0 103.7 112.4 155.8 147.1 98.9 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 0.0 103.7 110.3 153.4 145.8 97.5 Public sector 0.0 103.7 110.3 153.4 145.8 97.5 of which: General government 0.0 103.7 110.3 153.4 145.8 97.5 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. 2.1 2.5 1.3 1.3 Principal repayments (long-term) 3.7 7.7 9.3 13.1 16.7 19.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3.7 1.6 3.0 5.2 8.9 11.8 Public sector 3.7 1.6 3.0 5.2 8.9 11.8 of which: General government 3.7 1.6 3.0 5.2 8.9 11.8 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 6.1 6.3 7.9 7.9 7.9 Interest payments (long-term) 0.6 4.2 5.6 8.4 8.8 11.2 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 0.6 3.0 4.7 7.3 7.3 10.3 Public sector 0.6 3.0 4.7 7.3 7.3 10.3 of which: General government 0.6 3.0 4.7 7.3 7.3 10.3 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.5 0.9 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 183.1 593.2 720.4 773.9 900.0 1,007.7 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 183.1 528.3 659.7 718.7 851.5 966.3 Official creditors 183.1 528.3 659.7 718.7 851.5 966.3 Multilateral 63.3 395.6 506.0 601.0 721.2 833.4 of which: World Bank 0.0 231.3 306.4 367.6 454.9 550.1 Bilateral 119.8 132.7 153.6 117.7 130.3 132.9 Private creditors 0.0 .. .. 0.0 .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 0.0 .. .. 0.0 .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 64.9 60.8 55.2 48.5 41.4 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. 64.9 60.8 55.2 48.5 41.4 Use of IMF credit 235.3 359.4 401.8 389.5 396.3 472.9 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 13.6 38.5 20.5 -3.0 9.0 58.2 Long-term -3.7 95.9 103.1 142.8 130.3 79.2 Official creditors -3.7 102.0 107.3 148.2 136.9 85.8 Multilateral -3.7 83.6 87.1 106.1 123.4 86.6 of which: World Bank -1.7 74.3 59.6 69.3 89.4 75.3 Bilateral .. 18.4 20.3 42.1 13.5 -0.8 Private creditors .. -6.1 -4.3 -5.4 -6.6 -6.6 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others .. -6.1 -4.3 -5.4 -6.6 -6.6 Short-term 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,768.7 141.7 188.4 59.1 19.5 87.0 Portfolio equity -1.1 0.0 0.0 .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 116.6 240.0 249.5 208.2 221.2 229.7 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 23.0 31.8 37.6 41.2 47.7 57.2 Debt service to exports (%) 1.7 3.0 3.4 4.4 7.1 11.0 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 15.1 41.5 45.1 51.7 55.6 56.3 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 105.5 61.5 52.2 48.4 42.3 36.4 Gross national income (GNI) 1,818.6 2,996.8 2,982.6 2,827.0 2,717.6 2,589.5 104 MADAGASCAR (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 2,756 2,976 3,382 3,730 4,065 4,873 Use of IMF credit 278 301 440 465 545 956 Long-term external debt 2,054 2,470 2,765 2,994 3,239 3,644 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,039 2,465 2,735 2,902 3,120 3,514 Public sector 2,038 2,465 2,735 2,902 3,120 3,514 of which: General government 2,006 2,387 2,670 2,826 2,990 3,336 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 15 5 30 92 119 130 Short-term external debt 425 204 177 271 281 273 Disbursements (long-term) 198 133 272 363 328 348 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 198 133 246 297 302 337 Public sector 198 133 246 297 302 337 of which: General government 180 133 246 285 247 299 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. 26 66 26 11 Principal repayments (long-term) 39 84 93 72 67 73 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 37 76 92 72 67 73 Public sector 37 76 92 72 67 73 of which: General government 29 68 77 71 67 72 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1 8 1 .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 16 20 23 30 36 38 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 16 20 23 29 30 31 Public sector 16 20 23 29 30 31 of which: General government 16 20 22 29 29 29 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0 0 0 1 7 8 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 2,054 2,470 2,765 2,994 3,239 3,644 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,039 2,465 2,735 2,902 3,120 3,514 Official creditors 2,031 2,387 2,609 2,738 2,966 3,368 Multilateral 1,575 2,015 2,254 2,349 2,491 2,814 of which: World Bank 1,161 1,433 1,595 1,648 1,686 1,874 Bilateral 456 372 355 390 475 553 Private creditors 8 78 127 164 154 146 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 8 78 127 164 154 146 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 15 5 30 92 119 130 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 15 5 30 92 119 130 Use of IMF credit 278 301 440 465 545 956 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit -2 29 118 36 83 376 Long-term 159 49 178 291 261 276 Official creditors 160 65 110 185 244 277 Multilateral 106 94 133 145 156 217 of which: World Bank 75 65 77 93 48 117 Bilateral 54 -30 -23 40 88 60 Private creditors -1 -15 68 106 17 -1 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others -1 -15 68 106 17 -1 Short-term -224 26 -26 94 11 -8 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 380 54 61 74 65 359 Portfolio equity 2 0 0 0 0 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 124 87 81 84 98 186 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 28 26 26 28 30 37 Debt service to exports (%) 3 4 3 3 3 5 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 15 7 5 7 7 6 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 57 68 67 63 61 58 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 37 40 47 47 42 41 Gross national income (GNI) 9,834 11,432 12,817 13,390 13,596 13,303 105 MALAWI (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 1,021 1,847 2,162 2,266 2,429 2,943 Use of IMF credit 248 296 319 314 339 528 Long-term external debt 730 1,507 1,790 1,926 2,021 2,237 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 730 1,507 1,790 1,926 2,021 2,237 Public sector 730 1,507 1,790 1,926 2,021 2,237 of which: General government 721 1,493 1,775 1,913 2,009 2,225 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 43 44 54 25 68 178 Disbursements (long-term) 81 135 240 223 168 193 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 81 135 240 223 168 193 Public sector 81 135 240 223 168 193 of which: General government 78 135 240 223 168 193 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 13 33 33 42 62 52 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 13 33 33 42 62 52 Public sector 13 33 33 42 62 52 of which: General government 12 32 32 41 61 51 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 7 17 16 12 17 21 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 7 17 16 12 17 21 Public sector 7 17 16 12 17 21 of which: General government 7 17 16 12 17 21 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 730 1,507 1,790 1,926 2,021 2,237 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 730 1,507 1,790 1,926 2,021 2,237 Official creditors 724 1,507 1,790 1,926 2,021 2,237 Multilateral 586 1,088 1,369 1,487 1,600 1,799 of which: World Bank 243 642 862 917 969 1,104 Bilateral 138 419 420 439 421 438 Private creditors 5 .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 5 .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 248 296 319 314 339 528 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 21 51 5 3 27 169 Long-term 68 102 207 181 106 141 Official creditors 68 102 207 181 106 141 Multilateral 46 108 221 150 120 139 of which: World Bank 34 76 180 78 58 92 Bilateral 22 -6 -14 31 -14 2 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term -24 31 5 -26 43 110 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 133 25 81 91 89 98 Portfolio equity 1 .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 83 156 204 201 207 262 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 15 34 25 24 23 25 Debt service to exports (%) 2 6 7 7 8 9 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 4 2 2 1 3 6 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 57 59 63 66 66 61 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 30 33 36 34 34 20 Gross national income (GNI) 6,851 5,410 8,634 9,548 10,681 11,771 106 MALDIVES (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 916.6 1,222.0 1,515.7 2,339.7 2,679.2 3,403.6 Use of IMF credit 27.6 12.1 12.3 11.4 10.8 41.6 Long-term external debt 743.1 1,080.0 1,392.1 2,089.9 2,331.9 3,013.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 627.8 911.8 1,234.1 2,003.9 2,228.2 2,895.1 Public sector 615.8 911.8 1,234.1 1,949.6 2,121.4 2,774.0 of which: General government 606.9 760.5 1,078.3 1,321.0 1,432.6 1,655.5 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 12.0 0.0 0.0 54.3 106.8 121.1 Private sector not guaranteed 115.2 168.2 158.1 86.0 103.7 117.9 Short-term external debt 145.9 129.8 111.3 238.4 336.5 349.0 Disbursements (long-term) 168.5 387.7 420.1 1,124.0 612.7 787.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 142.4 330.4 388.1 1,124.0 562.1 772.8 Public sector 142.4 330.4 388.1 1,069.7 509.6 752.1 of which: General government 142.4 198.9 349.8 330.2 179.1 184.7 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. 54.3 52.5 20.7 Private sector not guaranteed 26.1 57.3 32.0 .. 50.7 14.2 Principal repayments (long-term) 59.8 122.9 144.6 373.9 364.1 197.8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 50.9 83.1 102.4 333.9 331.1 197.8 Public sector 47.9 83.1 102.4 333.9 331.1 191.4 of which: General government 44.5 71.6 68.5 67.3 60.7 53.6 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 3.0 .. .. 0.0 0.0 6.4 Private sector not guaranteed 8.9 39.7 42.2 40.1 33.0 .. Interest payments (long-term) 10.6 17.4 19.1 58.0 83.6 78.4 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9.2 14.5 15.0 54.6 80.4 75.0 Public sector 8.6 14.5 15.0 53.8 75.4 69.2 of which: General government 8.3 12.3 11.6 31.5 40.0 35.5 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0.5 .. .. 0.8 5.0 5.7 Private sector not guaranteed 1.5 2.9 4.1 3.5 3.3 3.4 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 743.1 1,080.0 1,392.1 2,089.9 2,331.9 3,013.0 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 627.8 911.8 1,234.1 2,003.9 2,228.2 2,895.1 Official creditors 536.2 866.2 934.4 1,294.1 1,446.1 2,031.3 Multilateral 300.5 252.6 275.9 339.7 383.8 411.2 of which: World Bank 98.6 87.5 90.1 85.4 92.2 105.6 Bilateral 235.7 613.5 658.6 954.4 1,062.4 1,620.1 Private creditors 91.6 45.7 299.6 709.8 782.0 863.8 Bondholders .. .. 250.0 350.0 350.0 350.0 Commercial banks and others 91.6 45.7 49.6 359.8 432.0 513.8 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 115.2 168.2 158.1 86.0 103.7 117.9 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 115.2 168.2 158.1 86.0 103.7 117.9 Use of IMF credit 27.6 12.1 12.3 11.4 10.8 41.6 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 7.0 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 29.4 Long-term 108.6 264.8 275.5 750.0 248.6 589.2 Official creditors 79.1 261.0 34.9 379.2 158.4 493.6 Multilateral 28.1 -8.8 7.5 69.9 45.5 15.0 of which: World Bank 15.7 -2.5 -2.5 -2.7 7.2 9.4 Bilateral 50.9 269.9 27.4 309.2 112.9 478.6 Private creditors 29.6 3.8 240.6 370.9 90.2 95.6 Bondholders .. .. 250.0 100.0 .. .. Banks and others 29.6 3.8 -9.4 270.9 90.2 95.6 Short-term -460.0 -26.3 -17.6 126.0 96.7 -24.8 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 216.5 456.6 457.8 575.7 956.2 348.3 Portfolio equity -10.4 -0.7 -0.8 31.8 -30.4 124.2 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 45.6 38.7 45.5 64.9 71.2 187.5 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 40.3 30.4 34.6 48.7 52.7 90.5 Debt service to exports (%) 4.0 4.6 5.0 12.3 12.2 15.9 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 15.9 10.6 7.3 10.2 12.6 10.3 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 32.8 20.7 18.2 14.5 14.3 12.1 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 39.7 39.1 39.5 30.9 28.5 29.2 Gross national income (GNI) 2,276.9 4,025.5 4,378.5 4,807.1 5,082.0 3,759.3 107 MALI (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 2,446 3,782 4,279 4,631 5,104 6,081 Use of IMF credit 187 288 334 441 447 681 Long-term external debt 2,253 3,413 3,851 4,080 4,549 5,317 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,253 3,413 3,851 4,080 4,549 5,317 Public sector 2,253 3,413 3,851 4,080 4,549 5,317 of which: General government 2,250 3,411 3,850 4,079 4,547 5,316 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 6 80 93 110 109 83 Disbursements (long-term) 310 244 290 474 656 674 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 310 244 290 474 656 674 Public sector 310 244 290 474 656 674 of which: General government 310 244 290 474 656 674 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 39 71 89 129 140 180 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 39 71 89 129 140 180 Public sector 39 71 89 129 140 180 of which: General government 38 71 89 129 140 179 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 21 35 35 42 51 40 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 21 35 35 42 51 40 Public sector 21 35 35 42 51 40 of which: General government 21 35 35 42 51 40 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 2,253 3,413 3,851 4,080 4,549 5,317 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,253 3,413 3,851 4,080 4,549 5,317 Official creditors 2,248 3,413 3,851 4,080 4,549 5,317 Multilateral 1,788 2,505 2,904 3,090 3,476 4,024 of which: World Bank 840 1,364 1,574 1,682 1,970 2,146 Bilateral 460 908 947 990 1,072 1,293 Private creditors 5 0 0 0 0 0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 5 0 0 0 0 0 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 187 288 334 441 447 681 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 6 41 28 116 9 208 Long-term 271 174 201 345 516 495 Official creditors 272 174 201 345 516 495 Multilateral 229 87 204 274 417 332 of which: World Bank 151 57 123 149 298 70 Bilateral 43 87 -3 71 99 163 Private creditors -1 0 0 0 0 0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others -1 0 0 0 0 0 Short-term -18 -3 12 19 10 -22 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 373 237 365 358 721 308 Portfolio equity 1 5 2 -1 .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 98 112 121 106 .. .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 24 28 29 28 31 36 Debt service to exports (%) 2 4 4 4 .. .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0 2 2 2 2 1 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 73 66 68 67 68 66 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 55 .. .. .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 10,269 13,651 14,865 16,561 16,671 16,749 108 MAURITANIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 3,556 5,080 5,241 5,226 5,370 5,710 Use of IMF credit 145 180 200 221 244 424 Long-term external debt 2,326 3,865 4,002 3,952 4,043 4,211 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,326 3,865 4,002 3,952 4,043 4,211 Public sector 2,326 3,865 4,002 3,952 4,043 4,211 of which: General government 1,993 3,011 3,214 3,238 3,383 3,606 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 1,086 1,035 1,040 1,052 1,083 1,075 Disbursements (long-term) 412 390 250 270 367 228 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 412 390 250 270 367 228 Public sector 412 390 250 270 367 228 of which: General government 262 390 248 270 345 228 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 77 173 224 270 266 211 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 77 173 224 270 266 211 Public sector 77 173 224 270 266 211 of which: General government 23 96 149 198 190 155 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 35 75 80 92 88 59 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 35 75 80 92 88 59 Public sector 35 75 80 92 88 59 of which: General government 25 42 50 62 60 43 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 2,326 3,865 4,002 3,952 4,043 4,211 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,326 3,865 4,002 3,952 4,043 4,211 Official creditors 2,325 3,865 4,002 3,952 4,043 4,211 Multilateral 1,501 2,239 2,358 2,284 2,379 2,481 of which: World Bank 316 366 390 382 388 418 Bilateral 824 1,627 1,644 1,668 1,664 1,729 Private creditors 1 .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 1 .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 145 180 200 221 244 424 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 34 -10 9 26 24 165 Long-term 335 217 27 0 101 17 Official creditors 346 217 27 0 101 17 Multilateral 269 181 48 -45 99 -6 of which: World Bank 39 9 2 2 8 14 Bilateral 77 36 -21 45 2 23 Private creditors -11 .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others -11 .. .. .. .. .. Short-term 103 -50 4 13 30 -8 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 131 271 588 773 -884 978 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 154 294 257 235 198 193 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 64 81 79 75 72 74 Debt service to exports (%) 5 15 16 17 14 10 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 31 20 20 20 20 19 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 42 44 45 44 44 43 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 8 16 16 18 19 26 Gross national income (GNI) 5,560 6,282 6,661 7,013 7,504 7,746 109 MAURITIUS (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 7,929 10,464 15,847 16,112 18,162 18,527 Use of IMF credit 149 130 138 135 134 139 Long-term external debt 6,294 5,707 10,469 11,123 12,267 12,143 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,007 1,628 1,547 1,430 1,378 1,909 Public sector 1,007 1,628 1,547 1,430 1,378 1,909 of which: General government 735 1,320 1,273 1,151 1,121 1,531 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 5,287 4,079 8,921 9,693 10,889 10,234 Short-term external debt 1,485 4,627 5,241 4,855 5,761 6,245 Disbursements (long-term) 2,568 1,830 2,196 3,535 3,668 1,980 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 356 74 71 63 131 783 Public sector 356 74 71 63 131 783 of which: General government 211 73 70 18 112 625 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 2,212 1,756 2,125 3,471 3,536 1,197 Principal repayments (long-term) 2,118 1,510 2,637 2,845 2,499 2,193 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 69 111 243 146 159 341 Public sector 69 111 243 146 159 341 of which: General government 28 73 204 106 119 303 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 2,049 1,398 2,394 2,699 2,341 1,852 Interest payments (long-term) 73 205 197 297 622 314 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 17 27 30 28 29 27 Public sector 17 27 30 28 29 27 of which: General government 13 20 21 22 23 21 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 56 178 167 269 593 287 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 6,294 5,707 10,469 11,123 12,267 12,143 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,007 1,628 1,547 1,430 1,378 1,909 Official creditors 888 1,601 1,522 1,411 1,366 1,883 Multilateral 501 877 815 757 789 790 of which: World Bank 204 271 263 231 207 189 Bilateral 387 724 706 654 577 1,093 Private creditors 119 28 26 19 13 26 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 119 28 26 19 13 26 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 5,287 4,079 8,921 9,693 10,889 10,234 Bondholders .. .. 44 50 59 39 Commercial banks and others 5,287 4,079 8,878 9,643 10,830 10,195 Use of IMF credit 149 130 138 135 134 139 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 450 320 -441 689 1,168 -213 Official creditors 249 -33 -167 -77 -22 430 Multilateral 137 8 -108 -42 38 -36 of which: World Bank -4 -8 -26 -25 -24 -24 Bilateral 112 -41 -59 -34 -60 466 Private creditors 201 353 -274 766 1,190 -643 Bondholders .. .. 44 6 9 -20 Banks and others 201 353 -318 760 1,181 -623 Short-term 183 -126 613 -383 906 484 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 430 379 480 461 471 246 Portfolio equity 7,821 -3,781 3,306 -691 419 -372 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 78 75 92 113 118 186 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 80 79 109 101 115 156 Debt service to exports (%) 22 13 17 23 21 26 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 19 44 33 30 32 34 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 6 8 5 5 4 4 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 31 43 34 36 37 35 Gross national income (GNI) 9,913 13,230 14,573 15,880 15,788 11,896 110 MEXICO (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 245,906 424,268 444,153 455,828 472,378 467,512 Use of IMF credit 4,391 3,833 4,060 3,965 3,943 4,106 Long-term external debt 198,455 367,339 387,659 390,715 405,742 413,696 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 145,925 269,136 289,216 297,827 306,466 308,532 Public sector 145,925 269,136 289,016 297,627 306,266 308,332 of which: General government 91,010 176,253 185,818 191,327 201,787 199,963 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 200 200 200 200 Private sector not guaranteed 52,529 98,203 98,443 92,888 99,276 105,164 Short-term external debt 43,061 53,096 52,433 61,147 62,693 49,709 Disbursements (long-term) 54,656 63,246 59,556 37,785 55,190 56,658 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 41,812 43,371 35,191 25,731 37,532 33,031 Public sector 41,812 43,371 34,991 25,731 37,532 33,031 of which: General government 26,246 12,806 13,424 8,417 18,303 21,260 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. 200 0 0 .. Private sector not guaranteed 12,844 19,875 24,365 12,054 17,658 23,627 Principal repayments (long-term) 21,683 59,177 38,185 32,563 36,425 45,124 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 13,941 28,430 17,635 15,051 25,172 25,548 Public sector 13,941 28,430 17,635 15,051 25,172 25,548 of which: General government 2,527 12,933 4,769 1,498 4,386 16,276 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 7,742 30,747 20,550 17,512 11,253 19,576 Interest payments (long-term) 8,345 17,367 25,059 23,046 22,791 21,648 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,859 12,362 18,712 15,899 17,120 16,415 Public sector 5,859 12,362 18,710 15,892 17,113 16,411 of which: General government 3,974 8,886 14,347 10,923 11,964 11,105 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 2 6 7 4 Private sector not guaranteed 2,486 5,005 6,347 7,148 5,671 5,233 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 198,455 367,339 387,659 390,715 405,742 413,696 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 145,925 269,136 289,216 297,827 306,466 308,532 Official creditors 25,389 31,139 32,723 32,605 33,509 34,347 Multilateral 21,433 27,927 29,304 29,794 31,022 31,685 of which: World Bank 12,462 14,656 14,887 14,611 14,942 15,714 Bilateral 3,956 3,212 3,419 2,810 2,487 2,662 Private creditors 120,536 237,996 256,494 265,222 272,957 274,185 Bondholders 97,656 208,310 225,580 237,164 247,179 250,632 Commercial banks and others 22,880 29,686 30,914 28,059 25,778 23,552 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 52,529 98,203 98,443 92,888 99,276 105,164 Bondholders 32,898 78,753 80,120 74,589 77,355 82,796 Commercial banks and others 19,631 19,450 18,323 18,299 21,921 22,368 Use of IMF credit 4,391 3,833 4,060 3,965 3,943 4,106 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 32,973 4,069 21,372 5,222 18,765 11,534 Official creditors 4,875 -1 1,344 -276 820 847 Multilateral 4,022 231 1,297 269 1,118 803 of which: World Bank 2,256 27 178 -278 298 816 Bilateral 853 -233 46 -544 -298 44 Private creditors 28,098 4,071 20,028 5,498 17,945 10,687 Bondholders 27,843 15,654 20,062 7,974 16,370 13,985 Banks and others 255 -11,584 -34 -2,476 1,575 -3,298 Short-term 17,506 -17,159 -663 8,714 1,546 -12,984 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 20,945 21,633 23,896 24,555 31,228 22,687 Portfolio equity 373 9,477 10,320 2,421 -10 186 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 76 104 99 92 93 105 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 24 40 39 38 38 45 Debt service to exports (%) 10 19 15 12 12 16 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 18 13 12 13 13 11 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 9 7 7 7 7 7 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 49 41 38 38 38 41 Gross national income (GNI) 1,045,221 1,049,583 1,128,823 1,189,368 1,232,371 1,038,394 111 MOLDOVA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 4,725 6,222 6,969 7,440 7,524 8,476 Use of IMF credit 509 574 562 496 458 669 Long-term external debt 2,745 4,313 4,756 4,925 5,074 5,561 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 839 1,212 1,442 1,450 1,464 1,761 Public sector 839 1,212 1,442 1,450 1,464 1,761 of which: General government 814 1,209 1,437 1,442 1,450 1,746 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,906 3,101 3,315 3,476 3,610 3,800 Short-term external debt 1,471 1,335 1,650 2,020 1,992 2,246 Disbursements (long-term) 464 381 596 551 549 815 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 94 207 183 138 130 312 Public sector 94 207 183 138 130 312 of which: General government 89 207 180 134 122 309 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 370 174 413 413 419 503 Principal repayments (long-term) 306 265 249 375 427 544 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 55 37 50 89 101 122 Public sector 55 37 50 89 101 122 of which: General government 47 34 48 88 100 119 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 251 229 200 286 325 422 Interest payments (long-term) 49 61 55 67 63 65 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 16 15 20 22 23 20 Public sector 16 15 20 22 23 20 of which: General government 14 15 20 22 22 19 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 33 45 35 44 40 45 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 2,745 4,313 4,756 4,925 5,074 5,561 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 839 1,212 1,442 1,450 1,464 1,761 Official creditors 816 1,189 1,417 1,425 1,440 1,736 Multilateral 565 960 1,086 1,152 1,226 1,574 of which: World Bank 479 634 696 712 716 792 Bilateral 251 229 331 273 214 163 Private creditors 23 23 25 25 24 24 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 23 23 25 25 24 24 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,906 3,101 3,315 3,476 3,610 3,800 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 1,906 3,101 3,315 3,476 3,610 3,800 Use of IMF credit 509 574 562 496 458 669 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 175 -37 -44 -54 -35 186 Long-term 159 116 347 175 122 271 Official creditors 44 169 134 48 29 192 Multilateral 49 111 51 100 85 252 of which: World Bank 42 81 28 31 8 38 Bilateral -5 58 83 -52 -57 -60 Private creditors 115 -53 213 127 94 79 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others 115 -53 213 127 94 79 Short-term 106 129 336 366 -20 219 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 172 135 66 166 435 92 Portfolio equity 6 0 0 -1 0 0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 174 184 174 167 161 207 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 63 73 68 62 60 68 Debt service to exports (%) 15 13 11 14 14 17 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 31 21 24 27 26 26 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 12 15 16 15 16 19 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 36 35 40 40 41 45 Gross national income (GNI) 7,481 8,517 10,221 12,007 12,594 12,387 112 MONGOLIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 5,928 24,612 27,963 29,789 31,650 33,236 Use of IMF credit 273 66 189 287 285 401 Long-term external debt 5,290 21,958 24,612 26,404 28,405 29,717 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,782 5,137 7,511 8,006 8,355 9,728 Public sector 1,782 5,137 7,511 8,006 8,355 9,728 of which: General government 1,763 5,130 7,504 8,000 8,349 9,723 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 3,508 16,821 17,101 18,398 20,050 19,989 Short-term external debt 365 2,589 3,163 3,098 2,960 3,118 Disbursements (long-term) 2,929 5,106 4,325 8,363 12,750 3,604 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 67 1,189 2,327 1,098 520 1,669 Public sector 67 1,189 2,327 1,098 520 1,669 of which: General government 67 1,189 2,327 1,098 520 1,669 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 2,863 3,916 1,997 7,265 12,229 1,935 Principal repayments (long-term) 139 938 2,788 6,614 11,131 1,322 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 121 84 68 630 165 445 Public sector 121 84 68 630 165 445 of which: General government 46 83 68 630 164 445 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 18 855 2,720 5,984 10,966 876 Interest payments (long-term) 89 471 826 1,037 504 484 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 20 112 217 244 309 319 Public sector 20 112 217 244 309 319 of which: General government 19 112 217 244 308 319 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 70 358 609 793 196 165 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 5,290 21,958 24,612 26,404 28,405 29,717 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,782 5,137 7,511 8,006 8,355 9,728 Official creditors 1,776 2,857 3,814 4,334 4,744 5,809 Multilateral 1,073 1,205 1,644 1,878 2,099 2,691 of which: World Bank 403 423 579 570 579 760 Bilateral 703 1,652 2,170 2,457 2,645 3,118 Private creditors 7 2,280 3,697 3,672 3,611 3,919 Bondholders 0 2,000 3,400 3,400 3,400 3,799 Commercial banks and others 7 280 297 272 211 120 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 3,508 16,821 17,101 18,398 20,050 19,989 Bondholders .. 1,495 1,317 1,865 2,228 1,818 Commercial banks and others 3,508 15,326 15,783 16,533 17,822 18,171 Use of IMF credit 273 66 189 287 285 401 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 19 .. 116 104 0 101 Long-term 2,790 4,167 1,536 1,748 1,619 2,282 Official creditors 23 343 848 490 416 920 Multilateral 20 85 377 263 229 536 of which: World Bank 17 2 130 5 13 153 Bilateral 2 257 471 227 187 384 Private creditors 2,768 3,825 688 1,258 1,203 1,362 Bondholders -75 500 1,232 525 440 526 Banks and others 2,843 3,325 -544 733 763 835 Short-term 117 154 574 -64 -138 154 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,331 -399 828 799 1,231 681 Portfolio equity 680 4 -10 -7 7 6 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 173 434 407 375 359 416 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 90 240 285 253 255 280 Debt service to exports (%) 7 26 54 98 133 24 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 6 11 11 10 9 9 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 18 5 6 6 7 8 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 37 5 10 9 10 12 Gross national income (GNI) 6,610 10,265 9,817 11,765 12,425 11,871 113 MONTENEGRO (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 4,522 6,220 7,219 8,027 8,339 9,723 Use of IMF credit 40 35 37 36 36 124 Long-term external debt 4,296 6,011 7,008 7,776 8,026 9,282 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,349 2,428 2,978 3,443 3,726 4,858 Public sector 1,340 2,380 2,935 3,417 3,717 4,852 of which: General government 1,036 2,088 2,644 3,163 3,479 4,621 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 9 49 44 26 9 6 Private sector not guaranteed 2,947 3,583 4,029 4,333 4,301 4,424 Short-term external debt 186 174 174 215 277 316 Disbursements (long-term) 688 1,278 1,640 2,315 1,607 1,327 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 383 414 456 1,175 788 1,314 Public sector 374 414 456 1,175 788 1,314 of which: General government 297 384 438 1,156 765 1,298 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 9 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 305 864 1,184 1,140 819 12 Principal repayments (long-term) 61 1,090 953 1,421 1,293 1,353 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 59 375 197 591 444 518 Public sector 59 362 186 575 428 514 of which: General government 47 327 142 527 392 476 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 13 11 17 16 4 Private sector not guaranteed 2 715 755 830 849 836 Interest payments (long-term) 34 171 208 267 229 247 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 33 88 96 102 105 109 Public sector 33 86 94 101 105 108 of which: General government 25 79 87 95 100 104 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 2 2 1 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 1 82 113 165 123 138 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 4,296 6,011 7,008 7,776 8,026 9,282 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,349 2,428 2,978 3,443 3,726 4,858 Official creditors 818 1,091 1,323 1,459 1,551 1,690 Multilateral 546 600 634 589 556 670 of which: World Bank 306 287 297 271 243 252 Bilateral 271 490 689 871 995 1,020 Private creditors 531 1,337 1,655 1,984 2,175 3,168 Bondholders 267 1,138 1,295 1,394 1,740 2,427 Commercial banks and others 264 199 360 589 435 741 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 2,947 3,583 4,029 4,333 4,301 4,424 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 2,947 3,583 4,029 4,333 4,301 4,424 Use of IMF credit 40 35 37 36 36 124 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. 84 Long-term 627 187 687 894 314 -27 Official creditors 2 -10 133 167 116 59 Multilateral -5 -14 -44 -22 -12 48 of which: World Bank -3 -17 -26 -18 -12 -12 Bilateral 8 3 177 190 128 11 Private creditors 625 198 554 726 197 -86 Bondholders 265 135 0 163 370 490 Banks and others 359 63 554 564 -173 -575 Short-term -1,021 -69 0 41 62 39 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 566 91 386 342 232 220 Portfolio equity -8 17 14 0 3 -1 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 263 301 309 297 302 621 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 110 141 146 144 150 201 Debt service to exports (%) 6 61 50 63 55 103 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 4 3 2 3 3 3 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 12 10 9 7 7 7 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 12 13 14 15 18 22 Gross national income (GNI) 4,114 4,415 4,956 5,572 5,562 4,849 114 MOROCCO (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 27,296 47,614 51,023 50,431 55,058 65,683 Use of IMF credit 865 755 800 781 776 3,906 Long-term external debt 23,684 37,937 42,816 42,204 45,586 53,630 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 21,095 31,448 34,705 33,504 36,562 43,657 Public sector 21,092 31,448 34,705 33,504 36,551 43,622 of which: General government 13,056 19,582 21,636 20,794 23,664 29,972 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 3 .. .. 0 11 35 Private sector not guaranteed 2,589 6,489 8,111 8,700 9,025 9,973 Short-term external debt 2,747 8,923 7,408 7,446 8,695 8,146 Disbursements (long-term) 4,999 4,635 4,478 3,261 6,691 9,120 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,882 3,042 2,965 1,799 5,448 8,025 Public sector 3,882 3,042 2,965 1,799 5,438 8,003 of which: General government 2,879 2,119 1,826 1,009 4,338 7,054 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. 11 22 Private sector not guaranteed 1,116 1,593 1,513 1,462 1,243 1,095 Principal repayments (long-term) 2,428 2,657 2,797 2,728 2,904 3,930 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,274 2,100 2,389 2,046 2,024 3,253 Public sector 1,271 2,100 2,389 2,046 2,024 3,253 of which: General government 730 1,075 1,611 1,197 1,208 2,414 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 3 .. .. .. .. 0 Private sector not guaranteed 1,154 557 408 682 880 677 Interest payments (long-term) 850 1,023 1,016 1,088 1,053 1,042 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 820 929 927 932 947 936 Public sector 819 929 927 932 947 935 of which: General government 559 512 522 519 558 561 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. 0 1 Private sector not guaranteed 31 94 88 155 106 106 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 23,684 37,937 42,816 42,204 45,586 53,630 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 21,095 31,448 34,705 33,504 36,562 43,657 Official creditors 17,249 21,001 24,222 23,218 23,746 27,178 Multilateral 10,186 13,589 16,110 15,738 16,732 19,720 of which: World Bank 2,518 4,565 5,560 5,529 6,414 7,886 Bilateral 7,063 7,413 8,112 7,480 7,013 7,458 Private creditors 3,846 10,447 10,483 10,286 12,816 16,479 Bondholders 1,336 6,208 6,499 6,390 7,590 10,912 Commercial banks and others 2,510 4,238 3,984 3,896 5,226 5,567 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 2,589 6,489 8,111 8,700 9,025 9,973 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 2,589 6,489 8,111 8,700 9,025 9,973 Use of IMF credit 865 755 800 781 776 3,906 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. 2,996 Long-term 2,571 1,978 1,681 533 3,787 5,191 Official creditors 1,123 1,093 1,230 -293 805 1,795 Multilateral 622 719 1,166 139 1,205 1,812 of which: World Bank 64 521 532 146 957 985 Bilateral 501 374 63 -432 -400 -17 Private creditors 1,448 885 451 826 2,982 3,396 Bondholders 1,327 0 0 0 1,239 3,000 Banks and others 121 885 451 826 1,743 396 Short-term 537 2,055 -1,515 38 1,250 -549 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,369 1,626 1,952 2,926 1,359 1,482 Portfolio equity 132 -26 -33 -184 280 -42 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 98 136 129 115 123 171 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 30 47 47 44 47 59 Debt service to exports (%) 12 11 10 9 9 13 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 10 19 15 15 16 12 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 37 29 32 31 30 30 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 83 51 50 47 46 53 Gross national income (GNI) 91,933 101,326 107,533 115,795 117,366 111,167 115 MOZAMBIQUE (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 5,936 14,205 15,822 18,679 20,110 20,932 Use of IMF credit 357 355 343 303 375 689 Long-term external debt 4,975 13,275 14,390 17,145 18,088 18,415 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,399 9,709 10,512 10,676 10,755 10,192 Public sector 3,399 9,709 10,512 10,676 10,755 10,192 of which: General government 3,300 7,989 8,897 9,180 9,464 9,775 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,576 3,566 3,877 6,470 7,333 8,223 Short-term external debt 604 576 1,089 1,230 1,648 1,829 Disbursements (long-term) 631 955 1,058 3,242 1,568 1,272 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 403 761 720 603 705 382 Public sector 403 761 720 603 705 382 of which: General government 397 761 720 603 705 382 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 228 194 338 2,639 863 890 Principal repayments (long-term) 409 300 266 334 583 1,235 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 43 243 240 287 583 1,235 Public sector 43 243 240 287 583 1,235 of which: General government 40 135 130 170 379 359 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 366 57 27 47 .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 259 143 129 147 198 276 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 49 100 110 134 147 172 Public sector 49 100 110 134 147 172 of which: General government 47 96 107 130 128 118 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 210 43 20 13 51 103 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 4,975 13,275 14,390 17,145 18,088 18,415 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,399 9,709 10,512 10,676 10,755 10,192 Official creditors 3,303 7,888 8,770 9,072 9,340 9,601 Multilateral 2,195 3,716 4,073 4,213 4,433 4,693 of which: World Bank 1,491 2,555 2,822 2,904 3,039 3,224 Bilateral 1,108 4,172 4,697 4,859 4,907 4,908 Private creditors 96 1,820 1,742 1,603 1,414 591 Bondholders .. 727 727 727 727 0 Commercial banks and others 96 1,094 1,015 877 688 591 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,576 3,566 3,877 6,470 7,333 8,223 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 1,576 3,566 3,877 6,470 7,333 8,223 Use of IMF credit 357 355 343 303 375 689 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 21 -33 -32 -32 73 288 Long-term 221 656 792 2,908 984 36 Official creditors 289 630 585 445 306 -9 Multilateral 255 227 162 231 242 101 of which: World Bank 158 174 113 153 154 56 Bilateral 33 403 423 214 64 -110 Private creditors -67 26 207 2,463 678 45 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. -727 Banks and others -67 26 207 2,463 678 772 Short-term -68 -223 445 77 418 186 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 410 805 668 491 382 254 Portfolio equity .. 0 -5 0 0 3 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 219 367 285 300 343 458 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 55 122 123 128 134 154 Debt service to exports (%) 25 13 8 9 15 34 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 10 4 7 7 8 9 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 37 26 26 23 22 22 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 36 14 20 16 18 18 Gross national income (GNI) 10,745 11,676 12,826 14,550 14,995 13,559 116 MYANMAR (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 10,164 10,107 10,759 10,685 11,120 13,348 Use of IMF credit 378 330 350 342 340 726 Long-term external debt 8,607 9,685 10,312 10,238 10,714 12,554 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8,607 9,638 10,284 10,224 10,686 12,519 Public sector 8,462 9,638 10,284 10,224 10,686 12,519 of which: General government 1,899 4,815 5,490 5,938 6,755 8,697 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 146 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 47 28 14 28 35 Short-term external debt 1,179 91 97 105 66 68 Disbursements (long-term) 887 446 400 757 1,014 1,655 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 887 446 400 757 949 1,574 Public sector 887 446 400 757 949 1,574 of which: General government 14 368 381 696 864 1,538 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. 65 81 Principal repayments (long-term) 201 493 430 530 493 454 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 201 475 411 516 441 380 Public sector 201 475 411 516 441 380 of which: General government 25 94 41 84 52 132 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 19 19 14 51 74 Interest payments (long-term) 42 280 226 309 207 132 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 42 279 225 309 197 117 Public sector 42 279 225 309 197 117 of which: General government 3 112 53 150 46 32 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 1 1 .. 10 15 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 8,607 9,685 10,312 10,238 10,714 12,554 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 8,607 9,638 10,284 10,224 10,686 12,519 Official creditors 8,005 9,278 9,931 9,911 10,401 12,257 Multilateral 1,447 1,462 1,788 1,859 2,081 2,629 of which: World Bank 799 914 1,192 1,266 1,468 1,804 Bilateral 6,558 7,816 8,144 8,053 8,320 9,628 Private creditors 602 360 353 312 285 262 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 602 360 353 312 285 262 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 47 28 14 28 35 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. 47 28 14 28 35 Use of IMF credit 378 330 350 342 340 726 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. 360 Long-term 686 -47 -30 227 522 1,201 Official creditors 690 -14 1 281 535 1,220 Multilateral 0 120 226 207 232 458 of which: World Bank .. 108 214 181 208 271 Bilateral 690 -134 -224 74 304 762 Private creditors -4 -33 -31 -53 -14 -18 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others -4 -33 -31 -53 -14 -18 Short-term 0 0 0 0 0 0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 901 3,319 2,937 2,201 1,978 1,770 Portfolio equity .. 0 0 0 0 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 129 72 73 63 59 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 20 17 16 16 14 18 Debt service to exports (%) 3 6 4 5 4 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 12 1 1 1 1 1 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 14 14 17 17 19 20 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 56 46 46 50 49 54 Gross national income (GNI) 51,506 59,831 65,232 66,675 77,688 73,922 117 NEPAL (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 3,787 4,297 4,963 5,511 6,513 7,905 Use of IMF credit 219 171 168 156 147 370 Long-term external debt 3,507 3,748 4,374 5,103 5,963 7,174 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,507 3,665 4,299 4,974 5,845 7,056 Public sector 3,507 3,665 4,299 4,974 5,845 7,056 of which: General government 3,493 3,659 4,294 4,969 5,841 7,052 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 83 75 129 118 118 Short-term external debt 61 379 421 252 403 361 Disbursements (long-term) 126 431 606 1,017 1,096 1,157 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 126 397 591 955 1,096 1,157 Public sector 126 397 591 955 1,096 1,157 of which: General government 126 397 591 955 1,096 1,157 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 34 15 63 .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 148 177 195 181 205 202 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 148 170 172 174 194 202 Public sector 148 170 172 174 194 202 of which: General government 147 169 172 173 193 201 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 8 23 8 11 .. Interest payments (long-term) 32 37 38 45 57 60 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 32 35 36 41 52 54 Public sector 32 35 36 41 52 54 of which: General government 32 35 36 41 52 54 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 1 2 4 6 6 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 3,507 3,748 4,374 5,103 5,963 7,174 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,507 3,665 4,299 4,974 5,845 7,056 Official creditors 3,504 3,665 4,299 4,974 5,845 7,056 Multilateral 3,130 3,318 3,901 4,458 5,080 6,152 of which: World Bank 1,426 1,708 2,022 2,477 2,877 3,469 Bilateral 374 347 399 516 765 904 Private creditors 3 0 0 0 0 0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 3 0 0 0 0 0 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 83 75 129 118 118 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. 83 75 129 118 118 Use of IMF credit 219 171 168 156 147 370 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 39 -18 -12 -8 -8 210 Long-term -22 254 411 836 891 955 Official creditors -22 228 419 781 902 955 Multilateral -19 203 386 658 651 853 of which: World Bank -32 120 211 512 415 459 Bilateral -3 25 34 123 251 103 Private creditors 0 26 -8 55 -11 0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others 0 26 -8 55 -11 0 Short-term 17 29 43 -170 151 -42 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 87 106 196 68 186 127 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 213 167 166 163 188 344 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 23 17 17 17 19 23 Debt service to exports (%) 11 9 8 7 8 12 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 2 9 8 5 6 5 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 83 77 79 81 78 78 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 78 198 185 146 129 140 Gross national income (GNI) 16,125 24,844 29,263 33,328 34,540 34,054 118 NICARAGUA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 7,017 11,035 11,521 11,679 11,681 12,050 Use of IMF credit 359 228 219 195 181 369 Long-term external debt 5,256 9,389 9,858 10,108 10,294 10,513 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,704 4,218 4,709 5,108 5,428 5,899 Public sector 2,704 4,218 4,709 5,108 5,428 5,899 of which: General government 2,006 3,410 3,925 4,150 4,516 5,060 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 2,552 5,171 5,149 5,000 4,867 4,614 Short-term external debt 1,402 1,419 1,444 1,375 1,205 1,168 Disbursements (long-term) 1,181 988 1,235 1,057 981 944 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 267 373 539 572 509 652 Public sector 267 373 539 572 509 652 of which: General government 267 373 539 372 509 652 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 914 615 695 485 472 292 Principal repayments (long-term) 459 575 849 775 820 915 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 56 89 122 135 177 229 Public sector 56 89 122 135 177 229 of which: General government 33 74 96 110 131 156 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 403 486 727 640 643 686 Interest payments (long-term) 103 213 262 265 301 283 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 34 74 83 94 119 117 Public sector 34 74 83 94 119 117 of which: General government 29 70 79 89 102 107 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 70 138 179 172 182 165 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 5,256 9,389 9,858 10,108 10,294 10,513 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,704 4,218 4,709 5,108 5,428 5,899 Official creditors 2,694 4,207 4,695 5,083 5,402 5,874 Multilateral 1,661 3,081 3,529 3,914 4,215 4,652 of which: World Bank 447 531 595 624 692 771 Bilateral 1,033 1,126 1,166 1,170 1,187 1,222 Private creditors 11 11 14 24 26 25 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 11 11 14 24 26 25 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 2,552 5,171 5,149 5,000 4,867 4,614 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 2,552 5,171 5,149 5,000 4,867 4,614 Use of IMF credit 359 228 219 195 181 369 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 20 -29 -22 -19 -13 174 Long-term 721 413 386 281 161 28 Official creditors 212 278 417 426 330 425 Multilateral 214 261 404 411 306 412 of which: World Bank 36 15 33 44 71 58 Bilateral -2 17 13 15 25 14 Private creditors 509 135 -31 -144 -169 -397 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others 509 135 -31 -144 -169 -397 Short-term 389 129 15 -105 -193 -52 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 490 781 980 798 394 152 Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 0 0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 197 211 199 207 201 224 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 82 87 88 94 96 98 Debt service to exports (%) 16 16 20 19 20 22 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 20 13 13 12 10 10 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 24 28 31 34 36 39 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 26 22 24 19 21 27 Gross national income (GNI) 8,514 12,652 13,074 12,373 12,145 12,258 119 NIGER (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 1,534 2,529 3,055 3,197 3,609 4,591 Use of IMF credit 158 239 287 311 346 498 Long-term external debt 1,206 2,250 2,698 2,819 3,170 4,031 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,206 2,250 2,698 2,819 3,170 4,031 Public sector 1,206 2,250 2,698 2,819 3,170 4,031 of which: General government 1,205 2,249 2,697 2,818 3,169 4,030 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0 .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 170 40 70 67 93 62 Disbursements (long-term) 279 403 361 278 422 745 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 279 403 361 278 422 745 Public sector 279 403 361 278 422 745 of which: General government 279 403 361 278 422 745 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 16 72 88 72 93 112 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9 72 88 72 93 112 Public sector 9 72 88 72 93 112 of which: General government 9 72 88 72 93 112 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 7 .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 8 32 38 44 35 50 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8 32 38 44 35 50 Public sector 8 32 38 44 35 50 of which: General government 8 32 38 44 35 50 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0 .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 1,206 2,250 2,698 2,819 3,170 4,031 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,206 2,250 2,698 2,819 3,170 4,031 Official creditors 1,205 2,250 2,698 2,819 3,170 3,812 Multilateral 664 1,646 2,037 2,095 2,466 3,084 of which: World Bank 275 773 988 1,044 1,347 1,694 Bilateral 541 603 661 724 703 728 Private creditors 1 .. .. .. .. 219 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 1 .. .. .. .. 219 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 0 .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 0 .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 158 239 287 311 346 498 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 5 10 32 32 36 133 Long-term 263 331 273 206 329 633 Official creditors 270 331 273 206 329 429 Multilateral 62 262 240 127 342 439 of which: World Bank 14 170 159 87 257 259 Bilateral 208 69 33 79 -14 -9 Private creditors -7 .. .. .. .. 204 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others -7 .. .. .. .. 204 Short-term 35 9 21 -11 16 -5 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 0 146 128 211 306 367 Portfolio equity 6 18 16 21 27 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 115 189 197 202 237 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 19 24 26 24 27 35 Debt service to exports (%) 2 8 9 8 9 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 11 2 2 2 3 1 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 43 65 67 66 68 67 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 50 .. .. .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 8,284 10,735 11,600 13,406 13,479 13,156 120 NIGERIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 18,822 35,715 45,772 54,184 60,006 70,318 Use of IMF credit 2,580 2,252 2,386 2,330 2,317 5,948 Long-term external debt 16,241 33,462 43,386 51,854 57,689 64,370 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4,686 11,317 18,822 25,232 27,531 29,498 Public sector 4,686 11,317 18,822 25,232 27,531 29,498 of which: General government 4,686 11,059 18,496 24,840 27,131 29,056 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 11,556 22,146 24,564 26,622 30,158 34,873 Short-term external debt 0 0 0 0 0 0 Disbursements (long-term) 1,111 5,535 12,114 12,640 9,190 9,811 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,051 1,134 7,126 7,363 2,673 1,962 Public sector 1,051 1,134 7,126 7,363 2,673 1,962 of which: General government 1,051 1,082 7,075 7,289 2,662 1,931 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 60 4,401 4,988 5,277 6,517 7,849 Principal repayments (long-term) 1,189 1,849 2,707 3,954 3,275 3,667 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 248 180 137 735 295 437 Public sector 241 180 137 735 295 437 of which: General government 227 180 137 735 295 437 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 7 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 942 1,670 2,570 3,219 2,980 3,230 Interest payments (long-term) 59 640 822 1,411 1,832 1,845 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 59 175 207 698 1,095 1,114 Public sector 59 175 207 698 1,095 1,114 of which: General government 58 173 205 696 1,092 1,111 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 465 615 713 737 731 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 16,241 33,462 43,386 51,854 57,689 64,370 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 4,686 11,317 18,822 25,232 27,531 29,498 Official creditors 4,686 9,817 12,522 14,063 16,363 18,329 Multilateral 4,304 7,885 10,110 10,932 12,516 14,303 of which: World Bank 3,705 6,640 7,913 8,557 9,959 11,415 Bilateral 381 1,932 2,412 3,131 3,846 4,026 Private creditors 0 1,500 6,300 11,168 11,168 11,168 Bondholders .. 1,500 6,300 11,168 11,168 11,168 Commercial banks and others 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: 11,556 22,146 24,564 26,622 30,158 34,873 Bondholders .. 5,942 6,942 6,017 6,367 5,817 Commercial banks and others 11,556 16,203 17,622 20,605 23,791 29,055 Use of IMF credit 2,580 2,252 2,386 2,330 2,317 5,948 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. 3,419 Long-term -79 3,686 9,407 8,685 5,914 6,144 Official creditors 807 955 2,189 1,759 2,378 1,525 Multilateral 865 707 1,713 1,041 1,663 1,351 of which: World Bank 905 650 858 851 1,475 1,058 Bilateral -58 248 476 719 715 174 Private creditors -886 2,731 7,218 6,926 3,536 4,619 Bondholders .. 667 5,800 3,943 350 -550 Banks and others -886 2,064 1,418 2,983 3,186 5,169 Short-term 0 0 0 0 0 0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 5,966 2,134 1,150 -563 851 930 Portfolio equity 2,153 325 1,360 1,259 -1,548 -255 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 22 90 87 80 83 169 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 6 9 13 14 14 17 Debt service to exports (%) 2 6 7 8 7 13 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 23 22 22 20 21 20 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 186 76 87 79 64 52 Gross national income (GNI) 342,044 395,951 364,254 378,867 433,449 416,521 121 NORTH MACEDONIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 5,159 7,513 8,544 8,666 8,986 10,607 Use of IMF credit 101 88 93 91 91 297 Long-term external debt 3,840 6,320 7,133 7,237 7,499 8,806 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,880 3,473 3,829 4,061 4,163 5,102 Public sector 1,880 3,473 3,829 4,061 4,163 5,102 of which: General government 1,660 2,655 2,920 3,142 3,152 3,993 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,959 2,847 3,304 3,176 3,336 3,704 Short-term external debt 1,218 1,105 1,318 1,339 1,396 1,504 Disbursements (long-term) 596 1,465 1,020 1,400 821 1,802 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 197 777 221 794 383 1,202 Public sector 197 777 221 794 383 1,202 of which: General government 123 604 110 672 181 1,032 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 399 688 798 606 438 600 Principal repayments (long-term) 443 702 645 1,077 513 948 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 98 309 262 406 219 625 Public sector 98 309 262 406 219 625 of which: General government 87 235 177 317 118 505 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 344 394 383 671 293 323 Interest payments (long-term) 128 124 177 159 151 149 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 56 86 112 105 115 112 Public sector 56 86 112 105 115 112 of which: General government 51 75 100 92 101 97 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 71 38 65 54 36 36 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 3,840 6,320 7,133 7,237 7,499 8,806 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,880 3,473 3,829 4,061 4,163 5,102 Official creditors 1,369 1,737 1,921 1,865 2,051 2,390 Multilateral 1,127 1,232 1,336 1,245 1,387 1,735 of which: World Bank 681 620 658 614 732 856 Bilateral 242 505 585 620 665 655 Private creditors 512 1,736 1,907 2,196 2,112 2,712 Bondholders 434 1,286 1,463 1,864 1,829 2,638 Commercial banks and others 77 450 444 332 283 74 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,959 2,847 3,304 3,176 3,336 3,704 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 1,959 2,847 3,304 3,176 3,336 3,704 Use of IMF credit 101 88 93 91 91 297 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. 195 Long-term 153 763 375 323 309 854 Official creditors 101 99 22 1 206 199 Multilateral 101 -10 -40 -39 161 219 of which: World Bank 53 -16 -24 -21 125 66 Bilateral 0 109 62 39 46 -20 Private creditors 53 664 352 323 102 654 Bondholders .. 498 0 482 0 595 Banks and others 53 166 352 -160 102 59 Short-term -229 68 230 8 50 70 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 202 325 246 471 444 111 Portfolio equity -4 -8 -12 -34 -16 -8 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 136 134 133 111 113 144 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 56 73 79 71 75 90 Debt service to exports (%) 16 16 14 17 9 16 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 24 15 15 15 16 14 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 22 16 16 14 15 16 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 38 33 29 35 37 35 Gross national income (GNI) 9,281 10,256 10,862 12,148 11,965 11,797 122 PAKISTAN (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 63,098 73,057 86,047 93,546 100,831 108,530 Use of IMF credit 10,258 7,235 7,664 7,276 8,097 8,902 Long-term external debt 48,173 58,702 69,673 78,182 83,208 92,398 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 43,700 52,577 61,083 67,275 71,125 78,751 Public sector 43,654 52,548 61,053 67,249 71,101 78,728 of which: General government 43,541 51,788 60,241 64,943 68,270 76,008 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 46 29 29 26 24 23 Private sector not guaranteed 4,473 6,125 8,591 10,906 12,083 13,647 Short-term external debt 4,667 7,121 8,709 8,088 9,526 7,230 Disbursements (long-term) 3,958 8,148 14,017 12,752 13,183 12,900 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,867 6,388 11,189 9,997 11,400 10,428 Public sector 1,867 6,388 11,189 9,997 11,400 10,428 of which: General government 1,867 6,258 10,883 8,238 10,652 10,337 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 2,091 1,760 2,828 2,755 1,782 2,472 Principal repayments (long-term) 3,022 2,985 4,958 3,311 7,478 5,734 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,139 2,610 4,597 2,871 6,871 4,827 Public sector 2,137 2,608 4,595 2,869 6,869 4,825 of which: General government 2,106 2,422 4,341 2,605 6,646 4,623 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 2 1 1 2 2 2 Private sector not guaranteed 883 375 362 439 606 907 Interest payments (long-term) 883 1,223 1,563 2,196 2,627 2,159 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 783 1,112 1,322 1,762 2,084 1,595 Public sector 783 1,112 1,322 1,762 2,084 1,595 of which: General government 780 1,093 1,304 1,711 1,984 1,461 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 100 111 240 434 543 564 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 48,173 58,702 69,673 78,182 83,208 92,398 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 43,700 52,577 61,083 67,275 71,125 78,751 Official creditors 42,049 45,257 50,390 56,423 62,205 68,148 Multilateral 24,670 25,533 27,845 27,880 30,141 33,817 of which: World Bank 11,806 14,049 15,300 15,162 15,305 17,176 Bilateral 17,379 19,724 22,545 28,543 32,065 34,331 Private creditors 1,651 7,320 10,693 10,852 8,920 10,603 Bondholders 1,550 5,550 7,300 7,300 5,300 5,300 Commercial banks and others 101 1,770 3,393 3,552 3,620 5,303 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 4,473 6,125 8,591 10,906 12,083 13,647 Bondholders 250 12 12 12 12 12 Commercial banks and others 4,223 6,113 8,579 10,894 12,071 13,635 Use of IMF credit 10,258 7,235 7,664 7,276 8,097 8,902 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 1,360 1,102 0 -212 862 453 Long-term 936 5,164 9,058 9,442 5,705 7,165 Official creditors 402 2,736 3,219 6,967 6,461 3,920 Multilateral 452 1,073 1,173 482 2,418 2,844 of which: World Bank 78 654 491 183 223 1,269 Bilateral -50 1,662 2,046 6,485 4,043 1,075 Private creditors 534 2,428 5,839 2,475 -756 3,246 Bondholders -1,200 500 1,750 0 -2,000 .. Banks and others 1,734 1,928 4,089 2,475 1,244 3,246 Short-term 3,201 647 1,588 -621 1,438 -2,296 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 2,022 2,484 2,583 1,479 1,981 1,885 Portfolio equity 511 -339 -391 -528 22 -542 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 220 265 285 297 324 390 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 36 27 29 30 37 42 Debt service to exports (%) 15 16 22 19 35 33 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 7 10 10 9 9 7 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 39 35 32 30 30 31 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 23 27 18 10 13 13 Gross national income (GNI) 173,884 273,310 299,553 309,131 272,612 258,005 123 PANAMA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 48,882 89,440 93,149 100,311 107,416 108,866 Use of IMF credit 303 265 281 274 272 826 Long-term external debt 23,692 45,878 54,418 61,131 70,316 72,369 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 10,420 17,256 18,750 20,937 24,619 29,699 Public sector 10,420 17,256 18,750 20,937 24,619 29,699 of which: General government 10,367 16,643 18,150 20,342 24,025 29,108 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 0 0 .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 13,272 28,622 35,668 40,194 45,697 42,670 Short-term external debt 24,887 43,297 38,450 38,906 36,828 35,671 Disbursements (long-term) 2,220 5,887 10,098 7,758 10,893 6,721 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 440 2,270 2,358 2,608 4,113 6,721 Public sector 440 2,270 2,358 2,608 4,113 6,721 of which: General government 430 1,695 2,358 2,608 4,113 6,721 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. 0 0 .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,780 3,618 7,740 5,151 6,779 .. Principal repayments (long-term) 556 4,436 1,577 1,256 1,516 4,703 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 170 441 881 430 440 1,666 Public sector 170 440 881 430 440 1,666 of which: General government 165 437 869 426 438 1,663 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 0 0 .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 386 3,995 696 826 1,076 3,038 Interest payments (long-term) 797 1,309 1,738 2,283 2,216 1,617 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 670 818 930 962 1,098 1,176 Public sector 670 818 930 962 1,098 1,176 of which: General government 668 801 896 929 1,064 1,143 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 0 0 .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 126 491 808 1,321 1,118 441 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 23,692 45,878 54,418 61,131 70,316 72,369 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 10,420 17,256 18,750 20,937 24,619 29,699 Official creditors 2,126 4,752 5,261 5,759 6,173 7,493 Multilateral 1,814 4,547 5,068 5,580 6,006 7,334 of which: World Bank 420 1,001 1,239 1,264 1,183 1,456 Bilateral 313 205 192 179 167 159 Private creditors 8,293 12,504 13,490 15,178 18,445 22,206 Bondholders 8,071 11,963 13,052 14,809 18,115 21,700 Commercial banks and others 223 541 438 369 330 507 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 13,272 28,622 35,668 40,194 45,697 42,670 Bondholders 911 3,579 5,500 5,332 5,582 5,593 Commercial banks and others 12,361 25,043 30,168 34,861 40,115 37,077 Use of IMF credit 303 265 281 274 272 826 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. 525 Long-term 1,664 1,452 8,521 6,503 9,377 2,017 Official creditors 275 373 503 496 412 1,314 Multilateral 188 394 520 512 426 1,328 of which: World Bank -15 -28 237 25 -81 273 Bilateral 87 -21 -17 -16 -14 -14 Private creditors 1,389 1,079 8,018 6,007 8,964 703 Bondholders -150 -1,454 2,997 1,381 3,750 3,565 Banks and others 1,539 2,533 5,020 4,625 5,214 -2,861 Short-term 1,604 -521 -4,847 456 -2,078 -1,157 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,967 3,042 1,766 1,931 2,404 -890 Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 0 0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 222 330 317 326 350 504 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 180 166 159 166 172 220 Debt service to exports (%) 6 24 15 16 16 31 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 51 48 41 39 34 33 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 4 5 5 6 6 7 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 6 4 3 2 3 9 Gross national income (GNI) 27,129 53,771 58,443 60,383 62,286 49,446 124 PAPUA NEW GUINEA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 5,987 19,247 17,224 17,724 18,745 17,971 Use of IMF credit 193 169 179 175 174 560 Long-term external debt 5,380 18,416 16,968 17,085 17,914 17,012 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,042 1,922 2,306 3,411 4,313 5,112 Public sector 1,042 1,922 2,306 3,411 4,313 5,112 of which: General government 1,038 1,919 2,303 3,408 4,311 5,109 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 4,337 16,494 14,663 13,674 13,601 11,900 Short-term external debt 414 663 77 464 657 400 Disbursements (long-term) 3,153 1,538 1,320 3,046 1,501 1,554 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 37 534 394 1,234 1,201 1,554 Public sector 37 534 394 1,234 1,201 1,554 of which: General government 37 534 394 1,234 1,201 1,554 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 3,116 1,004 926 1,812 300 .. Principal repayments (long-term) 758 2,659 2,111 2,029 1,568 1,095 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 67 73 84 93 281 845 Public sector 67 73 84 93 281 845 of which: General government 67 73 84 93 281 845 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 691 2,586 2,027 1,937 1,286 250 Interest payments (long-term) 50 651 673 741 772 221 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 16 25 51 88 149 163 Public sector 16 25 51 88 149 163 of which: General government 16 25 51 88 149 163 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 33 626 622 653 623 58 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 5,380 18,416 16,968 17,085 17,914 17,012 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,042 1,922 2,306 3,411 4,313 5,112 Official creditors 1,009 1,705 1,957 2,374 3,161 4,180 Multilateral 712 1,168 1,278 1,633 1,853 2,565 of which: World Bank 225 262 277 446 446 480 Bilateral 297 537 679 741 1,307 1,616 Private creditors 33 216 349 1,037 1,152 931 Bondholders .. .. .. 500 500 500 Commercial banks and others 33 216 349 537 652 431 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 4,337 16,494 14,663 13,674 13,601 11,900 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 4,337 16,494 14,663 13,674 13,601 11,900 Use of IMF credit 193 169 179 175 174 560 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. 367 Long-term 2,395 -1,121 -791 1,017 -66 458 Official creditors -23 245 181 452 804 938 Multilateral -2 101 68 373 232 670 of which: World Bank -6 17 4 174 8 16 Bilateral -21 143 114 79 572 268 Private creditors 2,418 -1,366 -972 565 -870 -479 Bondholders .. .. .. 500 .. .. Banks and others 2,418 -1,366 -972 65 -870 -479 Short-term 302 144 -383 235 334 -243 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 35 19 99 168 -901 -935 Portfolio equity 0 -1 0 0 .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 98 231 168 167 159 192 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 45 94 77 75 79 78 Debt service to exports (%) 13 40 27 26 20 14 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 7 3 0 3 4 2 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 12 6 7 9 10 14 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 51 8 10 12 12 .. Gross national income (GNI) 13,182 20,529 22,294 23,492 23,780 23,142 125 PARAGUAY (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 15,903 16,228 15,929 15,799 16,388 19,763 Use of IMF credit 147 128 136 132 132 137 Long-term external debt 11,383 11,503 11,173 11,026 11,543 15,013 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,390 4,828 5,609 6,402 7,183 10,258 Public sector 2,390 4,825 5,605 6,383 7,148 10,212 of which: General government 2,148 4,662 5,421 6,196 6,978 10,058 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 4 4 19 35 46 Private sector not guaranteed 8,992 6,675 5,564 4,625 4,360 4,755 Short-term external debt 4,373 4,596 4,620 4,640 4,713 4,614 Disbursements (long-term) 1,912 1,216 996 1,535 1,453 4,751 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 308 1,040 978 1,003 994 3,281 Public sector 308 1,036 978 988 978 3,270 of which: General government 298 1,001 945 969 973 3,268 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 4 0 15 16 12 Private sector not guaranteed 1,605 176 18 533 459 1,470 Principal repayments (long-term) 314 913 1,338 1,680 924 237 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 240 233 209 208 207 218 Public sector 240 233 209 208 207 218 of which: General government 210 217 194 193 187 198 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 75 681 1,129 1,472 717 19 Interest payments (long-term) 131 371 356 553 390 414 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 65 178 211 254 330 359 Public sector 65 178 211 254 329 358 of which: General government 58 174 206 249 323 353 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 0 0 1 1 Private sector not guaranteed 66 194 145 299 60 55 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 11,383 11,503 11,173 11,026 11,543 15,013 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,390 4,828 5,609 6,402 7,183 10,258 Official creditors 2,123 2,384 2,690 2,979 3,273 4,898 Multilateral 1,510 2,167 2,501 2,790 3,062 4,653 of which: World Bank 270 544 605 636 619 852 Bilateral 613 217 189 189 211 245 Private creditors 267 2,445 2,919 3,423 3,910 5,360 Bondholders .. 2,380 2,880 3,410 3,910 5,360 Commercial banks and others 267 65 39 13 0 0 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 8,992 6,675 5,564 4,625 4,360 4,755 Bondholders .. 800 600 600 600 1,150 Commercial banks and others 8,992 5,875 4,964 4,025 3,760 3,605 Use of IMF credit 147 128 136 132 132 137 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 1,598 303 -342 -145 529 4,515 Official creditors 83 246 295 290 300 1,614 Multilateral 146 306 330 293 280 1,588 of which: World Bank -26 113 62 31 -11 233 Bilateral -63 -60 -35 -2 20 25 Private creditors 1,515 57 -637 -435 229 2,901 Bondholders .. 600 300 530 500 2,000 Banks and others 1,515 -543 -937 -965 -271 901 Short-term 312 -178 24 20 72 -99 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 313 355 350 361 288 314 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 143 127 112 109 122 165 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 61 47 42 41 45 58 Debt service to exports (%) 5 11 12 16 10 6 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 28 28 29 29 29 23 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 9 13 16 18 19 24 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 26 41 47 47 45 44 Gross national income (GNI) 25,927 34,643 37,707 38,877 36,774 34,156 126 PERU (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 42,154 69,613 67,604 66,769 64,247 73,549 Use of IMF credit 939 820 869 848 843 878 Long-term external debt 34,822 61,028 58,040 55,923 54,837 62,387 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 20,009 19,733 18,978 18,145 18,606 28,027 Public sector 19,563 19,733 18,978 18,145 18,606 28,027 of which: General government 19,554 19,728 16,823 15,990 16,451 25,872 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 445 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 14,813 41,295 39,062 37,778 36,231 34,360 Short-term external debt 6,393 7,765 8,695 9,998 8,567 10,284 Disbursements (long-term) 5,425 7,982 5,371 3,513 3,291 11,457 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,862 1,978 2,631 569 1,866 9,427 Public sector 3,862 1,978 2,631 569 1,866 9,427 of which: General government 3,862 1,978 481 569 1,866 9,427 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,563 6,004 2,740 2,945 1,425 2,030 Principal repayments (long-term) 4,060 5,545 8,718 4,583 4,327 4,191 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,490 980 3,746 1,263 1,356 290 Public sector 3,372 980 3,746 1,263 1,356 290 of which: General government 3,370 979 3,745 1,263 1,356 290 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 118 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 570 4,565 4,973 3,320 2,972 3,901 Interest payments (long-term) 2,550 2,090 2,151 2,328 2,103 2,049 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,096 876 969 982 979 919 Public sector 1,084 876 969 982 979 919 of which: General government 1,083 876 914 872 870 810 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 12 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,454 1,214 1,182 1,346 1,124 1,130 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 34,822 61,028 58,040 55,923 54,837 62,387 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 20,009 19,733 18,978 18,145 18,606 28,027 Official creditors 10,672 8,130 4,919 4,447 4,916 7,174 Multilateral 7,870 6,729 3,867 3,426 3,843 6,123 of which: World Bank 2,965 2,610 1,093 1,145 1,564 3,441 Bilateral 2,802 1,401 1,053 1,021 1,074 1,051 Private creditors 9,337 11,604 14,059 13,698 13,690 20,853 Bondholders 9,311 11,604 14,059 13,698 13,690 20,853 Commercial banks and others 26 0 0 .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: 14,813 41,295 39,062 37,778 36,231 34,360 Bondholders 727 13,875 16,340 15,510 16,285 17,800 Commercial banks and others 14,086 27,420 22,723 22,268 19,946 16,560 Use of IMF credit 939 820 869 848 843 878 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 1,365 2,437 -3,347 -1,070 -1,036 7,266 Official creditors -1,384 190 -3,265 -448 474 2,191 Multilateral -528 315 -2,822 -431 419 2,283 of which: World Bank 119 -104 -1,516 51 423 1,877 Bilateral -856 -125 -442 -16 55 -92 Private creditors 2,749 2,247 -83 -622 -1,510 5,075 Bondholders 1,764 -566 4,615 -1,077 812 8,461 Banks and others 985 2,813 -4,698 455 -2,322 -3,386 Short-term 1,608 690 930 1,304 -1,432 1,717 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 7,762 6,179 7,571 6,257 5,997 4,299 Portfolio equity 87 -307 -172 -442 -511 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 105 157 125 115 112 154 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 31 38 34 32 29 38 Debt service to exports (%) 17 18 21 12 12 14 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 15 11 13 15 13 14 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 19 10 6 5 6 8 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 101 87 92 88 103 99 Gross national income (GNI) 136,693 183,939 201,299 211,455 218,650 195,376 127 PHILIPPINES (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 65,350 74,742 73,098 78,961 83,617 98,480 Use of IMF credit 1,290 1,127 1,193 1,165 1,159 1,207 Long-term external debt 53,548 59,090 57,630 61,727 65,250 83,064 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 45,086 35,760 36,495 38,348 41,727 56,220 Public sector 45,020 35,732 36,469 38,325 41,706 56,201 of which: General government 36,720 30,706 31,706 33,782 37,058 51,945 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 66 28 26 24 21 18 Private sector not guaranteed 8,462 23,330 21,136 23,379 23,524 26,844 Short-term external debt 10,512 14,526 14,275 16,068 17,208 14,209 Disbursements (long-term) 10,928 5,886 6,487 9,867 11,351 20,985 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8,251 3,329 3,463 4,992 7,031 14,874 Public sector 8,251 3,329 3,463 4,992 7,031 14,874 of which: General government 8,032 2,982 3,410 4,934 6,194 14,818 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 2,677 2,557 3,025 4,876 4,320 6,111 Principal repayments (long-term) 8,341 7,811 8,244 6,238 7,363 6,372 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 6,813 4,079 3,025 2,383 4,104 3,431 Public sector 6,809 4,041 3,022 2,380 4,101 3,428 of which: General government 5,238 3,290 2,828 2,202 2,706 2,911 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 4 39 3 3 3 3 Private sector not guaranteed 1,527 3,732 5,219 3,855 3,259 2,941 Interest payments (long-term) 3,112 3,174 2,952 2,552 3,104 2,861 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,977 2,430 2,236 2,288 2,308 2,182 Public sector 2,975 2,428 2,236 2,287 2,308 2,181 of which: General government 2,450 2,076 1,931 1,999 2,091 1,999 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 2 2 1 1 1 1 Private sector not guaranteed 135 744 716 264 795 679 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 53,548 59,090 57,630 61,727 65,250 83,064 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 45,086 35,760 36,495 38,348 41,727 56,220 Official creditors 23,209 18,585 19,078 20,047 21,527 29,218 Multilateral 8,372 10,487 11,014 12,056 13,173 19,648 of which: World Bank 2,738 4,672 5,132 5,842 6,456 8,100 Bilateral 14,837 8,098 8,063 7,990 8,355 9,569 Private creditors 21,877 17,175 17,417 18,301 20,199 27,002 Bondholders 20,590 16,460 16,713 17,632 19,077 26,058 Commercial banks and others 1,287 715 704 670 1,123 944 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 8,462 23,330 21,136 23,379 23,524 26,844 Bondholders 1,651 5,262 4,012 5,187 7,041 9,251 Commercial banks and others 6,811 18,067 17,123 18,192 16,483 17,593 Use of IMF credit 1,290 1,127 1,193 1,165 1,159 1,207 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 2,587 -1,925 -1,757 3,630 3,988 14,613 Official creditors -447 -22 112 883 1,427 7,102 Multilateral -180 321 481 1,043 1,148 6,368 of which: World Bank 52 10 443 709 615 1,641 Bilateral -267 -343 -369 -160 279 734 Private creditors 3,035 -1,903 -1,868 2,747 2,561 7,511 Bondholders 1,700 -962 -879 2,932 2,898 6,738 Banks and others 1,335 -941 -989 -184 -338 773 Short-term 6,509 -573 -252 1,793 1,140 -3,000 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment -214 3,302 4,261 3,242 3,427 2,454 Portfolio equity 833 131 496 -1,031 1,764 -2,541 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 107 90 75 77 77 109 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 28 21 20 21 20 25 Debt service to exports (%) 19 13 12 9 10 10 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 16 19 20 20 21 14 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 13 14 15 15 16 20 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 85 98 100 90 95 100 Gross national income (GNI) 231,747 354,012 364,719 383,817 414,552 389,324 128 ROMANIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 115,393 96,118 114,008 112,547 118,298 142,390 Use of IMF credit 16,609 1,324 1,402 1,370 1,362 1,418 Long-term external debt 81,627 82,459 97,658 94,907 100,544 123,204 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 20,801 32,720 37,966 37,977 39,605 58,674 Public sector 20,131 32,713 37,958 37,970 39,599 58,667 of which: General government 18,153 32,049 37,345 37,499 39,238 58,385 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 670 7 8 7 7 7 Private sector not guaranteed 60,826 49,739 59,692 56,930 60,939 64,530 Short-term external debt 17,157 12,335 14,948 16,270 16,392 17,767 Disbursements (long-term) 17,435 14,593 25,503 19,747 20,357 34,812 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,623 3,695 3,891 5,955 5,764 18,150 Public sector 5,199 3,692 3,891 5,955 5,764 18,150 of which: General government 5,042 3,674 3,885 5,955 5,761 18,150 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 425 3 .. 0 1 0 Private sector not guaranteed 11,812 10,898 21,613 13,793 14,593 16,662 Principal repayments (long-term) 15,784 16,634 18,396 19,176 16,835 18,042 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,150 2,736 2,287 4,516 3,569 2,985 Public sector 2,150 2,736 2,286 4,515 3,568 2,984 of which: General government 1,869 2,597 2,163 4,396 3,459 2,886 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. 0 1 1 0 Private sector not guaranteed 13,633 13,898 16,110 14,659 13,265 15,057 Interest payments (long-term) 2,180 1,846 1,896 2,091 2,151 2,077 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 617 1,286 1,284 1,447 1,314 1,427 Public sector 609 1,286 1,284 1,447 1,314 1,427 of which: General government 561 1,280 1,279 1,442 1,308 1,424 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 8 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 1,563 559 611 644 837 650 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 81,627 82,459 97,658 94,907 100,544 123,204 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 20,801 32,720 37,966 37,977 39,605 58,674 Official creditors 14,280 12,734 12,909 10,378 8,535 13,780 Multilateral 13,420 12,226 12,414 9,916 8,099 13,348 of which: World Bank 2,830 4,009 4,952 4,677 4,492 5,382 Bilateral 860 508 496 462 437 432 Private creditors 6,520 19,986 25,056 27,599 31,070 44,894 Bondholders 3,006 19,453 24,639 27,329 30,872 44,746 Commercial banks and others 3,514 533 417 270 198 148 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 60,826 49,739 59,692 56,930 60,939 64,530 Bondholders 0 164 207 634 2,182 4,111 Commercial banks and others 60,826 49,575 59,485 56,297 58,757 60,419 Use of IMF credit 16,609 1,324 1,402 1,370 1,362 1,418 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 5,664 -134 .. .. .. .. Long-term 1,651 -2,041 7,107 572 3,522 16,770 Official creditors 3,460 -733 -1,340 -2,055 -1,660 4,162 Multilateral 3,375 -704 -1,308 -2,013 -1,629 4,189 of which: World Bank -75 -247 457 -65 -97 425 Bilateral 84 -28 -32 -42 -31 -27 Private creditors -1,808 -1,308 8,447 2,627 5,182 12,608 Bondholders 398 1,917 3,137 4,158 5,250 12,368 Banks and others -2,207 -3,226 5,311 -1,531 -68 241 Short-term 1,174 -101 2,613 1,321 122 1,375 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 2,397 4,778 4,462 6,503 5,613 4,518 Portfolio equity 3 -459 -61 -479 -656 -522 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 207 114 120 105 110 143 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 70 52 55 47 48 58 Debt service to exports (%) 33 22 22 20 18 20 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 15 13 13 14 14 12 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 12 13 11 9 7 9 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 38 38 35 34 31 32 Gross national income (GNI) 164,339 185,632 208,688 237,010 246,123 244,536 129 RUSSIAN FEDERATION (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 417,886 529,275 514,280 471,885 484,240 475,518 Use of IMF credit 8,735 7,625 8,077 7,888 7,843 8,169 Long-term external debt 348,938 476,550 455,167 415,697 418,697 409,980 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 165,665 185,495 216,167 195,227 210,378 212,465 Public sector 165,665 185,495 216,167 195,227 210,378 212,465 of which: General government 34,346 38,106 54,267 54,627 78,818 84,160 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 183,273 291,056 239,000 220,470 208,319 197,515 Short-term external debt 60,214 45,100 51,035 48,300 57,700 57,370 Disbursements (long-term) 70,301 89,772 83,355 51,285 81,078 69,758 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 49,805 20,007 50,928 32,406 48,137 40,977 Public sector 49,805 20,007 50,928 32,406 48,137 40,977 of which: General government 10,485 9,925 17,045 17,205 27,815 16,869 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 20,496 69,765 32,427 18,878 32,941 28,780 Principal repayments (long-term) 42,974 73,036 61,773 90,548 78,405 79,798 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 30,001 46,662 20,535 53,051 32,975 39,763 Public sector 30,001 46,662 20,535 53,051 32,975 39,763 of which: General government 7,136 12,594 1,034 16,753 3,580 11,726 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 12,973 26,374 41,238 37,497 45,430 40,035 Interest payments (long-term) 12,291 20,121 19,009 19,051 17,259 17,327 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,707 5,643 6,555 8,930 7,306 8,182 Public sector 1,707 5,643 6,555 8,930 7,306 8,182 of which: General government 873 1,250 1,658 2,763 1,923 3,436 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 10,584 14,478 12,455 10,121 9,953 9,145 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 348,938 476,550 455,167 415,697 418,697 409,980 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 165,665 185,495 216,167 195,227 210,378 212,465 Official creditors 7,637 2,145 1,176 966 772 610 Multilateral 3,087 744 617 476 353 261 of which: World Bank 2,618 646 551 428 315 236 Bilateral 4,550 1,402 559 489 420 350 Private creditors 158,028 183,349 214,991 194,261 209,606 211,855 Bondholders 25,510 39,185 61,081 64,595 91,825 98,235 Commercial banks and others 132,518 144,165 153,910 129,666 117,781 113,620 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 183,273 291,056 239,000 220,470 208,319 197,515 Bondholders 2,100 18,156 16,879 19,890 27,126 29,324 Commercial banks and others 181,173 272,900 222,121 200,580 181,193 168,191 Use of IMF credit 8,735 7,625 8,077 7,888 7,843 8,169 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 27,327 16,735 21,582 -39,264 2,674 -10,040 Official creditors 227 -330 -969 -210 -192 -161 Multilateral -656 -133 -127 -140 -122 -91 of which: World Bank -596 -85 -95 -123 -111 -79 Bilateral 883 -197 -842 -70 -70 -70 Private creditors 27,100 17,065 22,551 -39,053 2,865 -9,879 Bondholders 3,674 5,170 20,326 6,841 34,480 7,696 Banks and others 23,426 11,895 2,225 -45,894 -31,615 -17,575 Short-term 7,538 3,000 5,935 -2,735 9,400 -330 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 28,684 35,715 26,601 9,913 28,847 12,606 Portfolio equity -4,885 -1,788 -7,940 -4,164 -4,320 -14,794 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 87 142 113 84 90 112 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 28 43 34 29 30 33 Debt service to exports (%) 12 25 18 20 18 23 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 14 9 10 10 12 12 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 1 0 0 0 0 0 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 106 60 69 81 92 96 Gross national income (GNI) 1,477,813 1,241,290 1,532,146 1,616,937 1,633,928 1,448,705 130 RWANDA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 1,233 4,319 5,076 5,681 6,515 8,193 Use of IMF credit 133 203 291 308 306 520 Long-term external debt 1,086 3,889 4,479 5,019 5,866 7,295 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 759 2,353 2,833 3,249 3,929 5,122 Public sector 759 2,353 2,833 3,249 3,929 5,122 of which: General government 758 2,353 2,833 3,249 3,928 5,121 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 327 1,536 1,645 1,769 1,937 2,173 Short-term external debt 14 227 307 354 343 378 Disbursements (long-term) 182 775 718 852 1,044 1,368 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 63 368 411 497 727 1,086 Public sector 63 368 411 497 727 1,086 of which: General government 63 368 411 497 727 1,086 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 119 407 306 355 318 282 Principal repayments (long-term) 41 148 155 155 185 102 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8 23 28 29 31 52 Public sector 8 23 28 29 31 52 of which: General government 8 23 28 29 31 52 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 33 125 128 126 154 50 Interest payments (long-term) 10 69 83 101 133 148 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 6 42 46 51 56 61 Public sector 6 42 46 51 56 61 of which: General government 6 42 46 51 56 61 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 4 27 38 50 78 87 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 1,086 3,889 4,479 5,019 5,866 7,295 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 759 2,353 2,833 3,249 3,929 5,122 Official creditors 759 1,953 2,433 2,849 3,465 4,377 Multilateral 639 1,646 2,081 2,467 2,979 3,737 of which: World Bank 259 1,049 1,404 1,610 1,897 2,432 Bilateral 120 308 353 382 486 640 Private creditors .. 400 400 400 464 745 Bondholders .. 400 400 400 421 475 Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. 43 270 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 327 1,536 1,645 1,769 1,937 2,173 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 327 1,536 1,645 1,769 1,937 2,173 Use of IMF credit 133 203 291 308 306 520 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 0 98 73 24 0 195 Long-term 141 627 562 696 859 1,266 Official creditors 55 345 384 468 631 753 Multilateral 36 323 349 429 524 625 of which: World Bank 10 217 288 241 295 434 Bilateral 19 22 34 38 108 128 Private creditors 86 282 179 229 228 513 Bondholders .. .. .. 0 21 54 Banks and others 86 282 179 229 207 459 Short-term 4 215 80 48 -11 35 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 105 184 180 251 249 44 Portfolio equity 8 3 0 0 0 3 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 172 283 264 276 288 422 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 20 51 57 61 65 81 Debt service to exports (%) 7 15 13 13 14 15 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 1 5 6 6 5 5 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 52 38 41 43 46 46 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 65 23 23 24 22 22 Gross national income (GNI) 6,070 8,452 8,962 9,293 10,008 10,097 131 SAMOA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 325.1 417.5 443.1 427.5 408.6 437.3 Use of IMF credit 26.0 27.4 27.4 24.3 21.0 43.5 Long-term external debt 299.1 390.1 415.7 403.2 387.6 393.8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 299.1 390.1 415.7 403.2 387.6 393.8 Public sector 299.1 390.1 415.7 403.2 387.6 393.8 of which: General government 297.5 389.7 415.5 403.1 387.6 393.8 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Disbursements (long-term) 78.9 14.3 21.0 22.0 9.3 3.1 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 78.9 14.3 21.0 22.0 9.3 3.1 Public sector 78.9 14.3 21.0 22.0 9.3 3.1 of which: General government 78.9 14.3 21.0 22.0 9.3 3.1 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 7.2 15.6 18.3 21.9 21.3 18.1 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 7.2 15.6 18.3 21.9 21.3 18.1 Public sector 7.2 15.6 18.3 21.9 21.3 18.1 of which: General government 7.1 15.4 18.1 21.7 21.3 18.1 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 3.3 5.8 5.7 6.1 5.6 3.8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3.3 5.8 5.7 6.1 5.6 3.8 Public sector 3.3 5.8 5.7 6.1 5.6 3.8 of which: General government 3.3 5.7 5.7 6.1 5.6 3.8 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 299.1 390.1 415.7 403.2 387.6 393.8 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 299.1 390.1 415.7 403.2 387.6 393.8 Official creditors 299.1 390.1 415.7 403.2 387.6 393.8 Multilateral 219.2 203.7 215.0 208.1 205.8 206.1 of which: World Bank 99.3 92.8 103.4 104.9 110.3 114.6 Bilateral 79.9 186.4 200.7 195.1 181.8 187.8 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 26.0 27.4 27.4 24.3 21.0 43.5 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. -1.6 -1.6 -2.5 -3.2 21.0 Long-term 71.6 -1.3 2.8 0.1 -12.0 -14.9 Official creditors 71.6 -1.3 2.8 0.1 -12.0 -14.9 Multilateral 40.6 -4.3 -0.1 -2.0 -1.2 -7.7 of which: World Bank 19.9 -0.6 5.2 4.0 6.0 -0.1 Bilateral 31.1 3.0 2.9 2.1 -10.9 -7.3 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 0.3 2.5 9.2 16.7 2.7 -0.8 Portfolio equity 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 154.0 162.7 155.8 140.2 122.2 347.8 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 50.5 53.5 55.0 53.9 50.0 55.8 Debt service to exports (%) 5.0 9.0 9.0 10.0 9.1 18.7 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 67.4 48.8 48.5 48.7 50.4 47.1 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 53.2 21.3 27.9 38.0 43.4 63.4 Gross national income (GNI) 643.3 780.7 806.2 792.4 816.4 783.6 132 SÃO TOMÉ AND PRÍNCIPE (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 181.1 248.3 269.5 252.6 251.6 291.2 Use of IMF credit 15.9 14.7 16.8 16.8 18.8 37.0 Long-term external debt 145.3 224.5 245.5 226.3 225.2 240.9 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 145.3 224.5 245.5 226.3 225.2 240.9 Public sector 140.3 220.3 241.2 222.1 220.6 236.3 of which: General government 140.3 220.3 241.2 222.1 220.6 236.3 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 5.0 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.6 4.6 Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 19.9 9.1 7.2 9.6 7.6 13.3 Disbursements (long-term) 19.8 9.6 12.2 5.6 4.4 5.3 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 19.8 9.6 12.2 5.6 4.4 5.3 Public sector 19.8 9.6 12.2 5.6 4.4 5.3 of which: General government 19.8 9.6 12.2 5.6 4.4 5.3 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. 0.0 Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 1.2 0.7 2.1 2.7 4.8 0.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1.2 0.7 2.1 2.7 4.8 0.7 Public sector 1.2 0.7 2.1 2.7 4.8 0.7 of which: General government 1.2 0.7 2.1 2.7 4.8 0.7 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. 0.0 Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 0.3 1.1 1.1 1.3 3.4 1.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 0.3 1.1 1.1 1.3 3.4 1.0 Public sector 0.3 1.1 1.1 1.3 3.4 1.0 of which: General government 0.3 1.1 1.1 1.3 3.4 1.0 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. 0.0 Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 145.3 224.5 245.5 226.3 225.2 240.9 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 145.3 224.5 245.5 226.3 225.2 240.9 Official creditors 145.3 214.5 235.5 216.3 215.2 230.9 Multilateral 37.3 40.1 44.9 46.9 46.2 53.0 of which: World Bank 14.2 11.6 12.0 11.5 11.1 11.3 Bilateral 108.0 174.4 190.6 169.4 169.0 177.9 Private creditors .. 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 15.9 14.7 16.8 16.8 18.8 37.0 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 0.6 1.0 1.2 0.4 2.2 16.8 Long-term 18.6 8.8 10.1 2.9 -0.4 4.6 Official creditors 18.6 8.8 10.1 2.9 -0.4 4.6 Multilateral 1.1 2.9 2.9 2.9 -0.4 4.6 of which: World Bank 0.1 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 Bilateral 17.4 5.9 7.2 .. 0.0 0.0 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term 3.0 0.9 -2.1 2.4 0.1 0.2 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 50.6 23.3 32.9 22.7 20.8 47.1 Portfolio equity 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 690.9 241.4 284.3 257.1 331.7 522.3 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 91.8 71.7 72.0 61.3 59.1 61.8 Debt service to exports (%) 6.3 2.6 4.1 4.7 11.7 4.3 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 11.0 3.6 2.7 3.8 3.0 4.6 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 20.6 16.2 16.7 18.6 18.3 18.2 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 26.6 25.5 21.9 17.3 18.7 25.9 Gross national income (GNI) 197.2 346.4 374.5 412.3 425.9 471.5 133 SENEGAL (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 4,943 7,534 9,820 12,681 15,139 17,239 Use of IMF credit 451 299 283 242 219 689 Long-term external debt 4,491 7,235 9,538 12,439 14,920 16,550 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4,183 6,996 9,288 11,996 14,400 15,858 Public sector 4,183 6,996 9,288 11,996 14,400 15,858 of which: General government 4,179 6,996 9,288 11,996 14,400 15,858 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 308 239 250 442 520 692 Short-term external debt 0 0 0 0 0 0 Disbursements (long-term) 524 1,229 2,094 3,752 3,118 1,731 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 441 1,096 1,929 3,356 3,041 1,560 Public sector 441 1,096 1,929 3,356 3,041 1,560 of which: General government 441 1,096 1,929 3,356 3,041 1,560 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 83 133 165 396 78 172 Principal repayments (long-term) 229 230 375 533 521 958 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 84 145 195 366 521 958 Public sector 84 145 195 366 521 958 of which: General government 83 145 195 366 521 958 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 144 86 180 167 .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 75 155 298 303 378 378 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 64 145 292 292 362 378 Public sector 64 145 292 292 362 378 of which: General government 63 145 292 292 362 378 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 11 10 6 11 16 .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 4,491 7,235 9,538 12,439 14,920 16,550 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 4,183 6,996 9,288 11,996 14,400 15,858 Official creditors 3,983 5,952 7,063 7,515 9,252 10,668 Multilateral 1,973 3,056 3,620 3,719 4,746 5,723 of which: World Bank 1,023 1,670 1,999 2,070 2,657 3,102 Bilateral 2,010 2,896 3,444 3,797 4,506 4,945 Private creditors 200 1,044 2,224 4,481 5,148 5,190 Bondholders 200 874 2,025 4,151 4,122 4,158 Commercial banks and others 0 170 199 330 1,026 1,031 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 308 239 250 442 520 692 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 308 239 250 442 520 692 Use of IMF credit 451 299 283 242 219 689 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 49 -36 -34 -34 -22 446 Long-term 295 998 1,719 3,220 2,597 774 Official creditors 358 949 629 664 1,819 785 Multilateral 204 368 314 208 1,070 644 of which: World Bank 110 124 224 123 604 281 Bilateral 155 581 315 456 749 140 Private creditors -63 49 1,090 2,555 777 -11 Bondholders .. .. 1,100 2,181 0 -104 Banks and others -63 49 -10 374 777 93 Short-term 0 0 0 0 0 0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 273 272 368 439 1,065 1,481 Portfolio equity 23 25 13 15 .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 144 171 199 221 .. .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 31 41 48 56 67 71 Debt service to exports (%) 9 10 14 15 .. .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 40 41 37 29 31 33 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 41 .. .. .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 15,971 18,542 20,409 22,516 22,651 24,310 134 SERBIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 32,907 29,533 34,279 34,223 35,896 44,276 Use of IMF credit 2,720 598 634 619 615 641 Long-term external debt 27,389 27,811 32,120 31,553 32,669 41,282 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9,477 16,215 16,422 15,088 15,343 18,346 Public sector 9,476 16,084 16,308 15,088 15,343 18,346 of which: General government 7,762 14,879 15,140 14,183 14,467 17,464 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 131 114 0 .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 17,912 11,595 15,698 16,465 17,326 22,936 Short-term external debt 2,798 1,124 1,526 2,051 2,611 2,353 Disbursements (long-term) 4,594 3,698 7,339 4,709 8,694 10,480 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,365 1,207 1,439 1,502 3,125 4,183 Public sector 1,365 1,207 1,439 1,502 3,125 4,183 of which: General government 1,207 934 1,294 1,394 2,992 4,086 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 3,230 2,492 5,899 3,207 5,569 6,297 Principal repayments (long-term) 3,431 5,016 4,086 4,813 6,385 5,382 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 351 1,030 2,195 2,501 2,743 2,221 Public sector 350 1,027 2,162 2,389 2,743 2,221 of which: General government 221 678 1,862 2,056 2,594 2,060 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 3 34 112 .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 3,081 3,986 1,891 2,312 3,643 3,162 Interest payments (long-term) 759 917 869 908 912 815 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 321 588 576 546 515 479 Public sector 321 582 571 542 515 479 of which: General government 233 536 542 522 502 467 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 6 5 4 .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 438 330 292 361 396 337 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 27,389 27,811 32,120 31,553 32,669 41,282 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 9,477 16,215 16,422 15,088 15,343 18,346 Official creditors 8,010 10,355 11,708 11,565 11,770 12,021 Multilateral 4,848 5,313 6,246 5,861 5,743 6,044 of which: World Bank 2,499 2,384 2,939 2,799 2,708 2,891 Bilateral 3,162 5,042 5,462 5,704 6,027 5,977 Private creditors 1,466 5,860 4,714 3,523 3,573 6,325 Bondholders .. 5,250 4,500 3,500 3,552 6,303 Commercial banks and others 1,466 610 214 23 22 21 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 17,912 11,595 15,698 16,465 17,326 22,936 Bondholders 165 1,206 2,825 2,752 3,336 5,809 Commercial banks and others 17,747 10,389 12,872 13,713 13,990 17,127 Use of IMF credit 2,720 598 634 619 615 641 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 458 -16 .. .. .. .. Long-term 1,163 -1,318 3,252 -105 2,308 5,097 Official creditors 867 391 421 191 337 -369 Multilateral 708 114 206 -117 -9 -210 of which: World Bank 188 -56 226 -17 -38 -58 Bilateral 159 277 216 308 346 -159 Private creditors 295 -1,709 2,831 -295 1,971 5,467 Bondholders .. 166 775 -1,000 656 3,618 Banks and others 295 -1,874 2,056 705 1,315 1,849 Short-term -442 378 300 624 529 -260 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,040 1,521 1,657 3,515 3,445 1,845 Portfolio equity 84 -14 -7 -28 -64 -10 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 250 148 152 134 134 170 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 80 77 83 71 74 86 Debt service to exports (%) 33 30 22 22 27 24 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 9 4 4 6 7 5 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 15 18 18 17 16 14 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 39 34 32 35 38 33 Gross national income (GNI) 40,943 38,456 41,327 48,064 48,699 51,360 135 SIERRA LEONE (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 931.1 1,627.1 1,751.1 1,754.7 1,853.0 2,113.5 Use of IMF credit 266.2 443.9 509.5 501.1 502.9 651.9 Long-term external debt 660.8 982.2 1,046.6 1,065.1 1,163.6 1,278.4 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 660.8 982.2 1,046.6 1,065.1 1,163.6 1,278.4 Public sector 660.8 982.2 1,046.6 1,065.1 1,163.6 1,278.4 of which: General government 660.8 982.2 1,046.6 1,065.1 1,163.6 1,276.5 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 4.1 201.0 195.1 188.5 186.5 183.1 Disbursements (long-term) 66.5 63.2 73.1 60.6 141.8 128.9 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 66.5 63.2 73.1 60.6 141.8 128.9 Public sector 66.5 63.2 73.1 60.6 141.8 128.9 of which: General government 66.5 63.2 73.1 60.6 141.8 128.9 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 4.8 19.7 23.3 28.9 33.7 37.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4.8 19.7 23.3 28.9 33.7 37.0 Public sector 4.8 19.7 23.3 28.9 33.7 37.0 of which: General government 4.8 19.7 23.3 28.9 33.7 37.0 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 4.0 12.4 13.1 6.4 9.8 6.9 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4.0 12.4 13.1 6.4 9.8 6.9 Public sector 4.0 12.4 13.1 6.4 9.8 6.9 of which: General government 4.0 12.4 13.1 6.4 9.8 6.9 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 660.8 982.2 1,046.6 1,065.1 1,163.6 1,278.4 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 660.8 982.2 1,046.6 1,065.1 1,163.6 1,278.4 Official creditors 449.7 788.8 853.1 871.6 976.6 1,091.4 Multilateral 371.2 601.6 672.9 684.2 756.0 853.1 of which: World Bank 154.6 224.3 275.7 284.3 348.0 432.5 Bilateral 78.4 187.1 180.2 187.4 220.7 238.3 Private creditors 211.1 193.4 193.4 193.4 187.0 187.0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 211.1 193.4 193.4 193.4 187.0 187.0 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 266.2 443.9 509.5 501.1 502.9 651.9 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 40.7 66.8 38.1 3.6 4.7 123.9 Long-term 61.6 43.6 49.8 31.7 108.1 91.9 Official creditors 61.6 43.6 49.8 31.7 108.1 91.9 Multilateral 55.5 21.8 46.9 22.1 74.2 77.2 of which: World Bank 32.1 5.6 37.2 15.7 65.2 71.7 Bilateral 6.1 21.8 3.0 9.6 33.9 14.7 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term -19.0 -12.9 -5.9 -6.6 -2.0 -3.4 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 225.3 121.5 390.2 215.1 301.5 348.7 Portfolio equity 0.1 .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 218.3 220.5 235.6 238.2 242.9 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 35.7 49.7 48.2 46.2 45.5 56.8 Debt service to exports (%) 2.7 5.1 7.7 8.2 8.9 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0.4 12.4 11.1 10.7 10.1 8.7 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 39.9 37.0 38.4 39.0 40.8 40.4 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 43.9 30.6 31.4 28.6 28.6 33.5 Gross national income (GNI) 2,606.5 3,277.0 3,629.6 3,798.5 4,070.3 3,720.7 136 SOLOMON ISLANDS (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 230.8 263.8 376.7 323.5 350.5 428.9 Use of IMF credit 24.9 23.6 21.0 17.1 15.0 25.3 Long-term external debt 201.9 205.6 327.8 263.4 299.3 376.8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 125.3 86.7 96.5 96.0 98.1 124.0 Public sector 125.3 86.7 96.5 96.0 98.1 124.0 of which: General government 125.3 86.7 96.5 96.0 98.1 124.0 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 76.6 118.9 231.3 167.4 201.3 252.8 Short-term external debt 4.0 34.7 27.9 43.0 36.2 26.8 Disbursements (long-term) 36.8 38.4 177.0 36.8 18.0 95.3 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 0.0 13.1 11.1 6.1 7.6 27.4 Public sector 0.0 13.1 11.1 6.1 7.6 27.4 of which: General government 0.0 13.1 11.1 6.1 7.6 27.4 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 36.8 25.2 165.9 30.7 10.4 67.9 Principal repayments (long-term) 17.5 13.2 17.1 29.5 9.8 5.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8.6 6.5 5.2 4.8 5.1 5.2 Public sector 8.6 6.5 5.2 4.8 5.1 5.2 of which: General government 8.6 6.5 5.2 4.8 5.1 5.2 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 8.9 6.7 11.9 24.7 4.7 0.5 Interest payments (long-term) 3.2 5.1 4.0 6.0 3.2 2.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Public sector 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 of which: General government 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1.5 4.0 3.0 4.9 2.1 1.5 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 201.9 205.6 327.8 263.4 299.3 376.8 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 125.3 86.7 96.5 96.0 98.1 124.0 Official creditors 125.2 86.7 96.5 96.0 98.1 124.0 Multilateral 105.6 75.9 86.8 87.5 90.7 117.8 of which: World Bank 41.7 33.6 36.1 36.6 38.5 47.8 Bilateral 19.6 10.8 9.7 8.5 7.4 6.3 Private creditors 0.1 .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 0.1 .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: 76.6 118.9 231.3 167.4 201.3 252.8 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 76.6 118.9 231.3 167.4 201.3 252.8 Use of IMF credit 24.9 23.6 21.0 17.1 15.0 25.3 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 9.5 -3.4 -3.8 -3.5 -2.0 9.4 Long-term 19.4 25.1 159.9 7.3 8.1 89.6 Official creditors -8.4 6.6 6.0 1.3 2.5 22.2 Multilateral -6.8 7.7 7.1 2.4 3.6 23.3 of which: World Bank -1.2 3.5 0.5 1.4 2.2 7.4 Bilateral -1.6 -1.1 -1.1 -1.1 -1.1 -1.1 Private creditors 27.8 18.5 154.0 6.0 5.7 67.4 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others 27.8 18.5 154.0 6.0 5.7 67.4 Short-term -1.0 13.0 -6.8 15.2 -6.9 -9.4 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 77.6 28.6 31.4 32.4 39.0 -2.7 Portfolio equity .. .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 68.9 44.2 59.3 44.7 54.7 88.4 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 28.7 19.7 25.9 20.8 22.6 27.0 Debt service to exports (%) 6.2 3.8 4.0 5.6 2.6 1.9 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 1.7 13.2 7.4 13.3 10.3 6.2 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 45.8 28.8 23.1 27.0 25.9 27.5 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 115.2 184.4 144.2 181.2 152.7 154.1 Gross national income (GNI) 802.9 1,337.0 1,454.1 1,554.1 1,553.9 1,587.7 137 SOMALIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 2,934 2,745 2,834 5,558 5,621 4,660 Use of IMF credit 244 212 225 220 219 444 Long-term external debt 1,879 1,744 1,787 2,080 2,077 2,639 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,879 1,744 1,787 2,080 2,077 2,639 Public sector 1,879 1,744 1,787 2,080 2,077 2,639 of which: General government 1,854 1,721 1,764 2,055 2,053 2,632 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 811 788 821 3,259 3,325 1,577 Disbursements (long-term) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 of which: General government 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 0 0 0 0 0 350 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 0 0 0 0 0 350 Public sector 0 0 0 0 0 350 of which: General government 0 0 0 0 0 333 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 0 0 0 0 0 131 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 0 0 0 0 0 131 Public sector 0 0 0 0 0 131 of which: General government 0 0 0 0 0 111 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 1,879 1,744 1,787 2,080 2,077 2,639 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,879 1,744 1,787 2,080 2,077 2,639 Official creditors 1,879 1,744 1,787 2,080 2,077 2,639 Multilateral 773 698 725 716 714 373 of which: World Bank 443 404 420 413 411 138 Bilateral 1,106 1,046 1,062 1,363 1,363 2,265 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 244 212 225 220 219 444 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. 203 Long-term 0 0 0 0 0 -350 Official creditors 0 0 0 0 0 -350 Multilateral 0 0 0 0 0 -350 of which: World Bank 0 0 0 0 .. -278 Bilateral 0 0 0 0 0 .. Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term 0 0 0 0 0 0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 112 330 369 408 447 464 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) .. 250 267 478 478 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) .. 66 63 119 115 95 Debt service to exports (%) .. 0 0 0 0 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 28 29 29 59 59 34 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 26 25 26 13 13 8 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) .. .. .. .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) .. 4,168 4,476 4,687 4,907 4,882 138 SOUTH AFRICA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 108,429 143,967 174,921 174,094 185,357 170,767 Use of IMF credit 2,750 2,400 2,543 2,483 2,469 6,966 Long-term external debt 83,949 111,776 139,480 134,857 148,348 136,013 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 36,311 69,601 90,539 89,092 101,975 99,363 Public sector 36,311 69,601 90,539 89,092 101,975 99,363 of which: General government 32,582 56,318 73,662 65,287 77,834 75,078 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 47,638 42,175 48,942 45,765 46,373 36,649 Short-term external debt 21,730 29,791 32,898 36,754 34,540 27,788 Disbursements (long-term) 12,112 18,740 30,177 22,433 21,972 13,308 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8,889 12,380 17,051 12,737 14,874 4,288 Public sector 8,889 12,380 17,051 12,737 14,874 4,288 of which: General government 8,052 11,227 13,115 4,055 11,336 1,303 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 3,224 6,360 13,127 9,696 7,098 9,020 Principal repayments (long-term) 3,473 8,048 8,632 20,951 15,527 21,747 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,680 2,514 2,265 11,390 4,292 6,983 Public sector 1,680 2,514 2,265 11,390 4,292 6,983 of which: General government 186 1,919 1,610 10,265 931 4,206 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,792 5,534 6,367 9,561 11,235 14,763 Interest payments (long-term) 2,177 5,388 5,263 6,241 6,563 6,249 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,558 3,176 3,265 4,308 4,281 4,670 Public sector 1,558 3,176 3,265 4,308 4,281 4,670 of which: General government 1,402 2,457 2,463 3,411 2,903 3,482 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 618 2,213 1,998 1,933 2,282 1,579 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 83,949 111,776 139,480 134,857 148,348 136,013 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 36,311 69,601 90,539 89,092 101,975 99,363 Official creditors 1,219 4,659 7,053 6,722 8,029 10,160 Multilateral 1,139 4,175 5,466 4,794 4,870 5,859 of which: World Bank 384 2,343 2,686 2,277 2,239 2,082 Bilateral 80 483 1,588 1,927 3,160 4,301 Private creditors 35,092 64,943 83,485 82,370 93,945 89,203 Bondholders 30,676 58,658 75,193 69,412 83,262 79,651 Commercial banks and others 4,416 6,285 8,292 12,958 10,684 9,552 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 47,638 42,175 48,942 45,765 46,373 36,649 Bondholders 8,786 3,533 3,768 4,521 4,737 2,700 Commercial banks and others 38,852 38,642 45,174 41,244 41,636 33,949 Use of IMF credit 2,750 2,400 2,543 2,483 2,469 6,966 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. 4,251 Long-term 8,640 10,692 21,546 1,482 6,446 -8,439 Official creditors 874 458 1,981 350 1,166 2,116 Multilateral 873 370 930 -69 -53 1,019 of which: World Bank 363 324 230 -46 -90 -42 Bilateral 1 88 1,051 419 1,219 1,097 Private creditors 7,766 10,234 19,564 1,132 5,280 -10,555 Bondholders 6,496 9,727 11,044 -2,923 11,905 -5,717 Banks and others 1,270 507 8,521 4,055 -6,625 -4,838 Short-term 444 716 3,107 3,856 -2,214 -6,752 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment -4,194 364 -266 1,378 1,792 3,121 Portfolio equity 5,826 1,640 7,588 2,946 -4,289 -5,160 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 96 148 160 148 164 170 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 30 50 52 49 54 58 Debt service to exports (%) 6 15 13 24 20 29 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 20 21 19 21 19 16 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 1 3 3 3 3 3 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 35 30 26 27 26 28 Gross national income (GNI) 367,345 288,167 339,071 356,649 341,523 296,206 139 SRI LANKA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 21,684 46,661 50,766 52,920 56,118 56,342 Use of IMF credit 1,920 1,086 1,329 1,545 1,864 1,927 Long-term external debt 17,349 38,163 41,426 43,194 45,812 46,019 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 16,430 30,114 32,624 34,355 36,986 37,167 Public sector 16,430 30,114 32,624 34,355 36,986 37,167 of which: General government 16,342 27,441 30,847 33,786 36,655 36,805 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 919 8,049 8,802 8,839 8,826 8,852 Short-term external debt 2,416 7,413 8,011 8,181 8,442 8,396 Disbursements (long-term) 3,091 4,606 5,338 7,256 7,071 3,035 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,994 3,986 4,357 5,097 6,235 2,456 Public sector 2,994 3,986 4,357 5,097 6,235 2,456 of which: General government 2,994 3,806 4,247 5,016 6,184 2,394 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 97 620 981 2,158 836 579 Principal repayments (long-term) 727 1,702 2,713 5,523 4,431 3,498 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 582 1,186 2,486 3,190 3,582 2,861 Public sector 582 1,186 2,486 3,190 3,582 2,861 of which: General government 574 1,048 1,477 1,902 3,294 2,823 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 145 516 227 2,333 849 636 Interest payments (long-term) 616 990 1,030 1,546 1,542 1,590 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 596 924 970 1,247 1,384 1,492 Public sector 596 924 970 1,247 1,384 1,492 of which: General government 595 786 852 1,153 1,365 1,489 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 20 65 59 300 159 97 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 17,349 38,163 41,426 43,194 45,812 46,019 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 16,430 30,114 32,624 34,355 36,986 37,167 Official creditors 13,400 17,604 18,817 18,952 19,396 20,342 Multilateral 6,089 7,186 7,853 8,060 8,254 9,135 of which: World Bank 2,531 2,970 3,244 3,210 3,226 3,492 Bilateral 7,311 10,418 10,964 10,892 11,142 11,207 Private creditors 3,029 12,511 13,807 15,403 17,590 16,826 Bondholders 2,000 10,150 11,150 12,400 15,050 14,050 Commercial banks and others 1,029 2,361 2,657 3,003 2,540 2,776 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 919 8,049 8,802 8,839 8,826 8,852 Bondholders 0 362 362 262 175 0 Commercial banks and others 919 7,687 8,440 8,577 8,651 8,852 Use of IMF credit 1,920 1,086 1,329 1,545 1,864 1,927 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 597 -122 174 252 327 -14 Long-term 2,364 2,904 2,625 1,733 2,640 -463 Official creditors 1,314 623 644 289 457 425 Multilateral 299 452 340 343 228 662 of which: World Bank 83 270 118 34 33 153 Bilateral 1,015 171 304 -54 229 -237 Private creditors 1,049 2,281 1,980 1,444 2,183 -888 Bondholders 1,000 1,558 1,000 1,150 2,563 -1,175 Banks and others 49 723 980 294 -380 287 Short-term -1,138 -234 490 166 251 -55 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 240 710 532 463 370 211 Portfolio equity -1,049 24 359 -4 -4 -217 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 190 266 264 258 285 424 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 39 58 60 62 69 72 Debt service to exports (%) 12 19 22 36 32 39 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 11 16 16 15 15 15 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 28 15 15 15 15 16 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 31 11 14 12 12 9 Gross national income (GNI) 56,109 80,205 85,107 85,556 81,558 78,523 140 ST. LUCIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 584.8 543.7 621.9 615.5 638.9 733.8 Use of IMF credit 33.0 29.8 28.5 24.8 21.7 52.4 Long-term external debt 326.4 432.4 489.6 499.5 542.2 603.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 326.4 432.4 489.6 499.5 542.2 603.6 Public sector 308.8 428.3 486.8 498.1 542.1 603.6 of which: General government 296.4 419.8 475.8 487.5 525.4 580.2 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 17.7 4.1 2.8 1.4 0.1 0.0 Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 225.3 81.5 103.8 91.1 75.0 77.9 Disbursements (long-term) 36.4 11.5 16.6 10.8 48.2 94.3 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 36.4 11.5 16.6 10.8 48.2 94.3 Public sector 32.7 11.5 16.6 10.8 48.2 94.3 of which: General government 32.7 10.7 12.7 9.8 40.9 86.1 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 30.5 24.5 19.0 19.1 19.8 17.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 30.5 24.5 19.0 19.1 19.8 17.7 Public sector 28.0 22.4 17.6 17.8 18.5 17.5 of which: General government 25.4 21.3 16.3 16.5 17.2 16.1 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 2.4 2.1 1.4 1.3 1.3 0.1 Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 10.8 19.8 23.4 24.9 26.1 24.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 10.8 19.8 23.4 24.9 26.1 24.7 Public sector 10.2 19.6 23.2 24.8 26.1 24.7 of which: General government 9.7 19.3 22.8 24.4 25.7 24.2 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 326.4 432.4 489.6 499.5 542.2 603.6 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 326.4 432.4 489.6 499.5 542.2 603.6 Official creditors 263.2 249.5 253.0 242.6 270.7 351.2 Multilateral 242.5 212.5 218.2 211.3 222.7 277.9 of which: World Bank 80.3 79.5 85.6 85.6 86.6 108.3 Bilateral 20.7 37.0 34.7 31.3 48.0 73.4 Private creditors 63.2 182.9 236.6 256.9 271.5 252.4 Bondholders 63.2 182.9 236.6 256.9 271.5 252.4 Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 33.0 29.8 28.5 24.8 21.7 52.4 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 0.0 -2.7 -3.0 -3.0 -3.0 28.7 Long-term 6.0 -13.0 -2.4 -8.3 28.4 76.6 Official creditors 17.9 -7.6 -1.8 -8.1 28.6 76.8 Multilateral 20.2 -4.7 1.2 -4.9 11.9 51.5 of which: World Bank 11.8 0.4 1.7 2.0 1.4 18.1 Bilateral -2.3 -3.0 -3.0 -3.2 16.7 25.2 Private creditors -11.9 -5.4 -0.6 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 Bondholders -11.9 -5.4 -0.6 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 Banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term 138.0 4.8 22.3 -12.7 -16.1 2.9 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 67.9 149.1 49.0 44.7 42.2 10.3 Portfolio equity .. 0.5 0.5 3.3 0.1 0.1 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 93.3 55.6 55.7 49.1 50.3 150.4 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 40.4 31.0 32.9 31.5 31.8 45.7 Debt service to exports (%) 7.1 5.0 4.3 4.0 4.1 9.2 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 38.5 15.0 16.7 14.8 11.7 10.6 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 41.5 39.1 35.1 34.3 34.9 37.9 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 35.3 56.2 51.7 46.4 40.8 31.5 Gross national income (GNI) 1,447.2 1,751.4 1,892.3 1,953.5 2,008.0 1,605.1 141 ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 295.9 333.5 335.4 323.3 351.7 406.3 Use of IMF credit 17.9 22.9 21.9 18.0 15.4 31.3 Long-term external debt 278.0 306.5 313.2 305.4 336.3 375.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 278.0 306.5 313.2 305.4 336.3 375.0 Public sector 278.0 306.5 313.2 305.4 336.3 375.0 of which: General government 260.7 299.3 306.6 299.0 330.8 369.3 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 0.0 4.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 Disbursements (long-term) 78.1 13.3 31.0 23.3 59.0 60.5 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 78.1 13.3 31.0 23.3 59.0 60.5 Public sector 78.1 13.3 31.0 23.3 59.0 60.5 of which: General government 78.1 12.7 29.7 20.9 57.5 59.9 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 26.2 24.6 26.3 30.3 27.9 24.4 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 26.2 24.6 26.3 30.3 27.9 24.4 Public sector 26.2 24.6 26.3 30.3 27.9 24.4 of which: General government 24.3 22.7 24.4 27.8 25.5 24.0 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 10.0 6.0 6.2 7.1 8.2 7.2 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 10.0 6.0 6.2 7.1 8.2 7.2 Public sector 10.0 6.0 6.2 7.1 8.2 7.2 of which: General government 9.0 5.7 6.0 6.7 8.0 7.1 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 278.0 306.5 313.2 305.4 336.3 375.0 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 278.0 306.5 313.2 305.4 336.3 375.0 Official creditors 229.2 299.2 298.9 294.9 328.4 371.0 Multilateral 211.0 258.6 250.5 241.1 271.2 313.4 of which: World Bank 26.5 31.5 32.7 31.8 69.1 117.1 Bilateral 18.2 40.6 48.5 53.8 57.2 57.6 Private creditors 48.7 7.3 14.3 10.5 7.9 4.0 Bondholders .. .. 10.4 9.1 7.9 4.0 Commercial banks and others 48.7 7.3 3.9 1.3 0.0 0.0 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 17.9 22.9 21.9 18.0 15.4 31.3 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. -1.3 -2.3 -3.5 -2.5 14.8 Long-term 51.9 -11.3 4.6 -7.0 31.1 36.1 Official creditors 63.0 -8.0 -2.3 -3.2 33.7 40.0 Multilateral 66.7 -6.1 -10.0 -8.5 30.3 39.6 of which: World Bank 3.1 0.5 -0.5 -0.2 37.5 45.5 Bilateral -3.7 -1.8 7.7 5.3 3.4 0.5 Private creditors -11.1 -3.4 7.0 -3.8 -2.6 -3.9 Bondholders .. .. 10.4 -1.2 -1.2 -3.9 Banks and others -11.1 -3.4 -3.4 -2.6 -1.3 .. Short-term 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 63.1 95.8 143.8 100.3 92.4 64.7 Portfolio equity .. -0.8 -0.1 -0.1 -0.4 -0.4 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 151.1 109.5 111.4 100.1 106.5 234.3 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 44.2 43.4 42.5 39.9 43.0 50.0 Debt service to exports (%) 18.5 10.5 11.6 12.7 11.7 19.1 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0.0 1.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 71.3 77.5 74.7 74.6 77.1 77.1 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 38.1 57.6 54.3 52.4 55.0 50.5 Gross national income (GNI) 668.9 769.3 788.5 809.8 817.9 812.0 142 SUDAN (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 22,323 21,092 21,701 21,529 22,264 22,954 Use of IMF credit 664 531 555 542 528 548 Long-term external debt 14,481 15,506 15,806 15,579 16,309 16,584 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 14,481 15,506 15,806 15,579 16,309 16,584 Public sector 14,481 15,506 15,806 15,579 16,309 16,584 of which: General government 14,447 15,485 15,785 15,558 16,289 16,564 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 7,179 5,055 5,340 5,408 5,427 5,822 Disbursements (long-term) 935 134 89 62 853 0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 935 134 89 62 853 0 Public sector 935 134 89 62 853 0 of which: General government 935 134 89 62 853 0 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 400 224 139 159 139 111 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 400 224 139 159 139 111 Public sector 400 224 139 159 139 111 of which: General government 400 224 139 159 139 111 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 84 59 86 50 39 31 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 84 59 86 50 39 31 Public sector 84 59 86 50 39 31 of which: General government 84 59 86 50 39 31 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 14,481 15,506 15,806 15,579 16,309 16,584 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 14,481 15,506 15,806 15,579 16,309 16,584 Official creditors 11,835 10,969 11,190 10,982 11,679 11,757 Multilateral 3,378 3,338 3,455 3,411 3,672 3,731 of which: World Bank 1,290 1,180 1,225 1,206 1,201 1,234 Bilateral 8,457 7,631 7,734 7,571 8,007 8,025 Private creditors 2,645 4,537 4,616 4,597 4,630 4,828 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 2,645 4,537 4,616 4,597 4,630 4,828 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 664 531 555 542 528 548 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit -6 -10 -7 .. -11 -3 Long-term 535 -90 -50 -96 714 -111 Official creditors 535 -90 -50 -96 714 -111 Multilateral 63 39 2 1 268 -21 of which: World Bank 0 0 0 0 .. 0 Bilateral 472 -128 -52 -98 445 -90 Private creditors .. .. 0 0 0 0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others .. .. 0 0 0 0 Short-term 251 -21 60 51 -78 63 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 2,064 1,064 1,065 1,136 825 717 Portfolio equity 7 .. .. 0 0 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 189 455 369 420 427 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 34 40 49 64 73 94 Debt service to exports (%) 4 6 4 4 4 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 32 24 25 25 24 25 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 15 16 16 16 16 16 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 5 1 1 .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 64,963 52,335 44,408 33,820 30,630 24,416 143 SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 5,277 4,368 4,604 4,584 4,590 4,763 Use of IMF credit 430 375 398 388 386 402 Long-term external debt 4,284 3,497 3,654 3,647 3,635 3,751 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4,284 3,497 3,654 3,647 3,635 3,751 Public sector 4,284 3,497 3,654 3,647 3,635 3,751 of which: General government 3,708 3,013 3,144 3,150 3,142 3,240 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 562 495 553 548 569 610 Disbursements (long-term) 286 0 0 60 0 0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 286 0 0 60 0 0 Public sector 286 0 0 60 0 0 of which: General government 263 0 0 60 0 0 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 509 0 0 19 1 0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 509 0 0 19 1 0 Public sector 509 0 0 19 1 0 of which: General government 451 0 0 17 .. 0 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 111 0 0 1 0 0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 111 0 0 1 0 0 Public sector 111 0 0 1 0 0 of which: General government 94 0 0 1 .. 0 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 4,284 3,497 3,654 3,647 3,635 3,751 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 4,284 3,497 3,654 3,647 3,635 3,751 Official creditors 4,261 3,479 3,635 3,630 3,619 3,734 Multilateral 1,698 1,403 1,512 1,472 1,459 1,529 of which: World Bank 15 14 14 14 14 14 Bilateral 2,563 2,076 2,123 2,158 2,160 2,205 Private creditors 23 18 19 17 16 17 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 23 18 19 17 16 17 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 430 375 398 388 386 402 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term -222 0 0 41 -1 0 Official creditors -220 0 0 43 0 0 Multilateral 87 0 0 1 0 0 of which: World Bank -1 0 0 0 .. 0 Bilateral -307 0 0 41 0 0 Private creditors -2 0 0 -2 -1 0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others -2 0 0 -2 -1 0 Short-term -209 -25 0 1 -1 2 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,469 .. .. .. .. .. Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 26 .. .. .. .. .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt service to exports (%) 3 .. .. .. .. .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 11 11 12 12 12 13 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 32 32 33 32 32 32 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 369 .. .. .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) .. .. .. .. .. .. 144 TAJIKISTAN (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 3,561 5,181 5,622 6,089 6,642 6,798 Use of IMF credit 227 217 204 170 144 330 Long-term external debt 2,733 4,150 4,672 5,037 5,139 5,351 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,806 2,169 2,825 2,848 2,842 3,125 Public sector 1,806 2,169 2,825 2,848 2,842 3,125 of which: General government 1,793 2,164 2,821 2,842 2,836 3,116 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 927 1,981 1,847 2,190 2,298 2,226 Short-term external debt 601 814 745 881 1,359 1,117 Disbursements (long-term) 924 729 975 540 465 530 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 251 225 708 184 133 321 Public sector 251 225 708 184 133 321 of which: General government 251 222 708 182 132 318 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 673 505 267 356 332 209 Principal repayments (long-term) 631 487 595 402 383 726 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 37 113 112 128 129 106 Public sector 37 113 112 128 129 106 of which: General government 35 111 112 127 129 105 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 593 374 482 274 254 620 Interest payments (long-term) 54 108 60 121 108 153 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 23 35 38 72 75 62 Public sector 23 35 38 72 75 62 of which: General government 23 35 37 72 75 62 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 31 73 22 49 33 91 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 2,733 4,150 4,672 5,037 5,139 5,351 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,806 2,169 2,825 2,848 2,842 3,125 Official creditors 1,800 2,147 2,301 2,325 2,319 2,600 Multilateral 943 881 969 1,015 1,039 1,260 of which: World Bank 377 305 326 333 342 356 Bilateral 856 1,267 1,332 1,309 1,280 1,341 Private creditors 6 21 524 523 522 525 Bondholders .. .. 500 500 500 500 Commercial banks and others 6 21 24 23 22 25 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 927 1,981 1,847 2,190 2,298 2,226 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 927 1,981 1,847 2,190 2,298 2,226 Use of IMF credit 227 217 204 170 144 330 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 60 -20 -25 -30 -25 174 Long-term 294 243 380 138 83 -196 Official creditors 215 112 96 56 4 216 Multilateral 131 -6 46 65 28 185 of which: World Bank 11 -1 3 15 10 0 Bilateral 83 119 49 -9 -24 30 Private creditors 79 130 284 82 79 -412 Bondholders .. .. 500 .. .. .. Banks and others 79 130 -216 82 79 -412 Short-term 527 -147 -69 136 478 -242 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 82 108 68 142 104 23 Portfolio equity 7 0 0 0 -73 0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 158 230 208 229 230 230 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 51 64 65 68 69 71 Debt service to exports (%) 31 28 26 22 19 31 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 17 16 13 14 20 16 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 26 17 17 17 16 19 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 9 2 11 6 8 .. Gross national income (GNI) 6,970 8,082 8,637 8,991 9,631 9,558 145 TANZANIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 8,937 19,436 21,418 22,352 24,164 25,538 Use of IMF credit 647 515 459 364 301 274 Long-term external debt 6,922 16,443 18,341 19,405 21,071 22,110 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,698 13,091 14,551 15,300 16,843 17,619 Public sector 5,698 13,091 14,551 15,300 16,843 17,619 of which: General government 5,631 13,060 14,517 15,267 16,811 17,585 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,224 3,351 3,791 4,105 4,228 4,491 Short-term external debt 1,368 2,479 2,618 2,582 2,792 3,153 Disbursements (long-term) 1,347 1,129 1,728 1,684 2,387 1,191 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,131 1,094 1,659 1,601 2,360 1,169 Public sector 1,131 1,094 1,659 1,601 2,360 1,169 of which: General government 1,131 1,094 1,659 1,601 2,360 1,169 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 216 36 69 83 27 21 Principal repayments (long-term) 132 412 453 639 783 865 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 52 389 451 618 763 850 Public sector 52 389 451 618 763 850 of which: General government 52 389 451 618 763 850 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 79 23 3 20 20 15 Interest payments (long-term) 51 246 254 309 381 350 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 33 227 250 301 375 348 Public sector 33 227 250 301 375 348 of which: General government 33 227 250 301 375 348 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 17 19 4 8 6 2 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 6,922 16,443 18,341 19,405 21,071 22,110 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 5,698 13,091 14,551 15,300 16,843 17,619 Official creditors 5,563 11,802 13,047 13,633 14,275 15,294 Multilateral 4,412 7,750 8,866 9,385 10,088 11,176 of which: World Bank 3,248 5,621 6,467 6,815 7,341 8,148 Bilateral 1,152 4,052 4,182 4,248 4,187 4,118 Private creditors 135 1,289 1,503 1,667 2,569 2,325 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 135 1,289 1,503 1,667 2,569 2,325 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,224 3,351 3,791 4,105 4,228 4,491 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 1,224 3,351 3,791 4,105 4,228 4,491 Use of IMF credit 647 515 459 364 301 274 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 30 -62 -84 -85 -61 -37 Long-term 1,216 717 1,275 1,045 1,604 326 Official creditors 1,071 955 1,034 804 691 589 Multilateral 856 531 738 711 748 737 of which: World Bank 691 398 519 517 568 488 Bilateral 215 424 296 93 -56 -148 Private creditors 145 -238 241 241 913 -263 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others 145 -238 241 241 913 -263 Short-term -53 193 -19 -236 16 -7 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,038 631 824 478 629 685 Portfolio equity 3 4 4 1 4 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 137 227 267 259 245 295 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 28 40 41 40 39 41 Debt service to exports (%) 3 9 10 12 13 15 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 15 13 12 12 12 12 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 49 40 41 42 42 44 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 44 22 27 23 .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 31,437 48,664 52,107 56,211 61,908 61,909 146 THAILAND (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 106,358 139,220 161,647 172,494 179,773 204,147 Use of IMF credit 1,494 1,304 1,382 1,349 1,342 1,397 Long-term external debt 54,207 83,454 91,528 107,740 118,649 127,935 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 15,929 23,169 29,521 35,878 39,207 39,540 Public sector 15,929 23,169 29,521 35,878 39,207 39,540 of which: General government 10,456 20,363 26,552 32,831 36,480 36,528 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 38,278 60,285 62,007 71,862 79,442 88,395 Short-term external debt 50,657 54,462 68,738 63,405 59,782 74,814 Disbursements (long-term) 16,838 16,799 21,092 40,537 28,259 24,053 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,240 1,133 6,600 7,189 4,211 542 Public sector 5,240 1,133 6,600 7,189 4,211 542 of which: General government 4,748 1,113 6,324 6,886 3,874 192 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 11,597 15,666 14,492 33,348 24,049 23,512 Principal repayments (long-term) 9,386 12,332 13,452 16,891 24,927 14,602 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 803 482 396 913 941 379 Public sector 803 482 396 913 941 379 of which: General government 199 196 194 645 251 240 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 8,582 11,850 13,056 15,979 23,986 14,223 Interest payments (long-term) 1,076 1,530 818 1,162 1,605 1,568 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 199 309 389 695 1,024 997 Public sector 199 309 389 695 1,024 997 of which: General government 81 250 340 638 951 940 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 877 1,221 429 467 581 571 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 54,207 83,454 91,528 107,740 118,649 127,935 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 15,929 23,169 29,521 35,878 39,207 39,540 Official creditors 6,881 5,483 5,592 5,094 4,445 4,428 Multilateral 187 1,304 1,261 1,313 1,191 1,068 of which: World Bank 128 1,032 1,025 1,018 927 837 Bilateral 6,693 4,179 4,331 3,781 3,254 3,359 Private creditors 9,048 17,686 23,929 30,783 34,762 35,112 Bondholders 8,004 17,685 23,929 30,783 34,762 35,112 Commercial banks and others 1,045 1 0 0 .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: 38,278 60,285 62,007 71,862 79,442 88,395 Bondholders 4,265 9,188 10,043 12,723 13,193 15,840 Commercial banks and others 34,012 51,097 51,964 59,139 66,249 72,555 Use of IMF credit 1,494 1,304 1,382 1,349 1,342 1,397 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 7,452 4,467 7,640 23,646 3,333 9,451 Official creditors -375 -31 -39 -579 -709 -187 Multilateral -21 -40 -43 52 -122 -122 of which: World Bank -5 -7 -7 -7 -90 -90 Bilateral -353 9 4 -630 -587 -65 Private creditors 7,827 4,498 7,679 24,224 4,042 9,638 Bondholders 4,470 985 7,099 9,538 4,449 2,950 Banks and others 3,356 3,513 580 14,686 -407 6,688 Short-term 17,379 1,886 14,276 -5,333 -3,623 15,032 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 15,305 4,327 9,059 13,453 5,350 -5,572 Portfolio equity 2,398 -786 598 -7,101 56 -8,019 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 46 49 52 51 54 76 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 33 35 37 36 34 42 Debt service to exports (%) 5 5 5 6 8 6 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 48 39 43 37 33 37 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 0 1 1 1 1 1 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 158 119 121 116 121 122 Gross national income (GNI) 326,815 393,949 435,913 482,065 524,214 487,772 147 TIMOR-LESTE (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks .. 80.9 124.5 158.1 203.4 231.8 Use of IMF credit .. 10.4 11.0 10.7 10.7 11.1 Long-term external debt .. 70.5 110.5 144.7 191.2 220.2 Public and publicly guaranteed sector .. 70.5 110.5 144.7 191.2 220.2 Public sector .. 70.5 110.5 144.7 191.2 220.2 of which: General government .. 70.5 110.5 144.7 191.2 220.2 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt .. 0.0 3.0 2.6 1.5 0.4 Disbursements (long-term) .. 25.1 35.7 40.0 49.7 30.1 Public and publicly guaranteed sector .. 25.1 35.7 40.0 49.7 30.1 Public sector .. 25.1 35.7 40.0 49.7 30.1 of which: General government .. 25.1 35.7 40.0 49.7 30.1 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) .. 0.0 0.3 0.7 3.3 3.9 Public and publicly guaranteed sector .. 0.0 0.3 0.7 3.3 3.9 Public sector .. 0.0 0.3 0.7 3.3 3.9 of which: General government .. 0.0 0.3 0.7 3.3 3.9 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) .. 0.8 1.5 2.5 3.8 4.1 Public and publicly guaranteed sector .. 0.8 1.5 2.5 3.8 4.1 Public sector .. 0.8 1.5 2.5 3.8 4.1 of which: General government .. 0.8 1.5 2.5 3.8 4.1 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks .. 70.5 110.5 144.7 191.2 220.2 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: .. 70.5 110.5 144.7 191.2 220.2 Official creditors .. 70.5 110.5 144.7 191.2 220.2 Multilateral .. 68.1 101.4 131.5 166.3 189.4 of which: World Bank .. 15.6 27.0 33.5 43.2 47.6 Bilateral .. 2.4 9.1 13.2 24.9 30.9 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit .. 10.4 11.0 10.7 10.7 11.1 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term .. 25.1 35.5 39.3 46.4 26.2 Official creditors .. 25.1 35.5 39.3 46.4 26.2 Multilateral .. 25.1 28.7 35.4 34.9 21.7 of which: World Bank .. 5.6 11.4 7.5 9.7 4.1 Bilateral .. .. 6.7 3.9 11.5 4.5 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term 0.0 -60.3 3.0 -0.4 -1.1 -1.1 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 28.5 5.5 6.7 47.9 74.6 72.4 Portfolio equity 0.0 .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) .. 12.3 14.2 15.7 15.5 30.9 External debt stocks to GNI (%) .. 3.6 5.5 7.1 7.5 9.5 Debt service to exports (%) .. 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.1 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0.0 0.0 2.4 1.6 0.7 0.2 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 0.0 84.2 81.4 83.2 81.8 81.7 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) .. 347.3 437.2 426.4 322.6 283.2 Gross national income (GNI) 3,325.1 2,230.6 2,272.1 2,239.7 2,701.0 2,438.0 148 TOGO (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 1,279 1,216 1,646 1,720 2,010 2,546 Use of IMF credit 241 171 226 266 319 459 Long-term external debt 999 987 1,152 1,175 1,367 1,767 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 999 987 1,152 1,175 1,367 1,767 Public sector 999 987 1,152 1,175 1,367 1,767 of which: General government 990 983 1,148 1,172 1,364 1,764 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 39 58 268 278 324 320 Disbursements (long-term) 91 223 152 115 266 353 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 91 223 152 115 266 353 Public sector 91 223 152 115 266 353 of which: General government 91 223 152 115 266 353 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 28 42 52 57 62 54 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 28 42 52 57 62 54 Public sector 28 42 52 57 62 54 of which: General government 28 41 51 57 62 54 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 8 23 23 26 26 32 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8 23 23 26 26 32 Public sector 8 23 23 26 26 32 of which: General government 8 23 23 26 26 32 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 999 987 1,152 1,175 1,367 1,767 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 999 987 1,152 1,175 1,367 1,767 Official creditors 999 967 1,141 1,172 1,251 1,458 Multilateral 852 420 526 551 646 823 of which: World Bank 554 39 50 66 165 265 Bilateral 147 547 614 620 604 635 Private creditors .. 20 11 4 116 309 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. 20 11 4 116 309 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 241 171 226 266 319 459 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 44 -24 43 46 54 123 Long-term 63 181 101 58 204 299 Official creditors 63 192 111 65 92 131 Multilateral 26 85 62 44 102 126 of which: World Bank -22 9 9 17 100 83 Bilateral 37 107 49 21 -10 5 Private creditors .. -11 -10 -7 112 169 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others .. -11 -10 -7 112 169 Short-term 12 -5 210 10 46 -4 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 78 28 -87 -88 371 639 Portfolio equity 5 -3 -89 -184 -180 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 92 66 89 88 104 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 38 20 26 24 28 34 Debt service to exports (%) 3 5 6 6 6 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 3 5 16 16 16 13 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 67 35 32 32 32 32 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 56 .. .. .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 3,406 6,075 6,400 7,132 7,243 7,591 149 TONGA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 153.7 174.4 193.1 186.8 186.5 194.3 Use of IMF credit 10.1 8.8 9.4 9.2 9.1 9.5 Long-term external debt 143.5 165.6 183.7 177.7 177.4 184.8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 143.5 165.6 183.7 177.7 177.4 184.8 Public sector 143.5 165.6 183.7 177.7 177.4 184.8 of which: General government 143.5 165.6 183.7 177.7 177.4 184.8 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Disbursements (long-term) 40.9 7.1 10.1 7.3 4.9 1.2 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 40.9 7.1 10.1 7.3 4.9 1.2 Public sector 40.9 7.1 10.1 7.3 4.9 1.2 of which: General government 40.9 7.1 10.1 7.3 4.9 1.2 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 2.7 3.5 2.8 6.2 2.7 4.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2.7 3.5 2.8 6.2 2.7 4.7 Public sector 2.7 3.5 2.8 6.2 2.7 4.7 of which: General government 2.7 3.5 2.8 6.2 2.7 4.7 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 2.4 2.7 2.7 4.1 2.7 1.3 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2.4 2.7 2.7 4.1 2.7 1.3 Public sector 2.4 2.7 2.7 4.1 2.7 1.3 of which: General government 2.4 2.7 2.7 4.1 2.7 1.3 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 143.5 165.6 183.7 177.7 177.4 184.8 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 143.5 165.6 183.7 177.7 177.4 184.8 Official creditors 142.4 165.6 183.7 177.7 177.4 184.8 Multilateral 70.8 60.4 71.4 74.1 75.8 77.2 of which: World Bank 23.6 29.1 37.2 39.1 42.9 45.0 Bilateral 71.7 105.2 112.3 103.6 101.6 107.6 Private creditors 1.1 .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 1.1 .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 10.1 8.8 9.4 9.2 9.1 9.5 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 38.2 3.6 7.3 1.2 2.2 -3.5 Official creditors 38.1 3.6 7.3 1.2 2.2 -3.5 Multilateral -1.0 4.2 7.3 4.4 2.2 -1.5 of which: World Bank 0.8 3.5 6.2 2.8 4.1 0.3 Bilateral 39.1 -0.6 .. -3.2 .. -2.0 Private creditors 0.1 .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others 0.1 .. .. .. .. .. Short-term 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 4.5 6.8 -2.6 19.1 2.0 3.5 Portfolio equity .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 283.9 142.8 138.3 120.0 111.1 129.8 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 40.6 41.3 40.3 36.0 34.7 .. Debt service to exports (%) 9.3 5.1 4.0 6.6 3.3 4.0 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 46.1 34.6 37.0 39.6 40.6 39.7 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 68.0 101.2 102.8 115.2 117.1 153.9 Gross national income (GNI) 378.8 422.8 478.6 518.9 537.7 .. 150 TUNISIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 22,666 28,827 33,501 35,033 39,381 41,038 Use of IMF credit 420 1,987 2,105 2,280 2,132 2,824 Long-term external debt 17,267 20,146 23,937 24,659 25,818 27,582 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 14,865 18,643 22,296 22,577 23,750 25,695 Public sector 14,596 18,375 21,997 22,332 23,547 25,507 of which: General government 11,367 14,577 15,418 15,890 16,855 18,585 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 269 268 299 245 203 188 Private sector not guaranteed 2,402 1,503 1,641 2,082 2,067 1,888 Short-term external debt 4,979 6,694 7,458 8,093 11,431 10,632 Disbursements (long-term) 1,671 2,363 4,413 2,617 3,743 2,428 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,574 1,949 3,899 2,375 3,321 2,297 Public sector 1,504 1,916 3,851 2,375 3,321 2,297 of which: General government 867 1,515 1,128 1,736 2,251 1,848 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 70 33 47 .. .. 1 Private sector not guaranteed 97 414 514 242 422 130 Principal repayments (long-term) 1,631 1,410 2,046 1,718 1,931 2,160 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,411 1,194 1,778 1,399 1,931 1,813 Public sector 1,387 1,154 1,726 1,358 1,894 1,781 of which: General government 1,107 653 1,278 795 1,153 1,118 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 24 40 52 42 37 32 Private sector not guaranteed 220 216 268 319 .. 346 Interest payments (long-term) 672 505 514 603 666 659 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 548 464 456 550 573 583 Public sector 539 458 451 545 569 581 of which: General government 435 356 334 353 393 420 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 9 6 5 4 4 3 Private sector not guaranteed 124 41 58 53 94 76 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 17,267 20,146 23,937 24,659 25,818 27,582 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 14,865 18,643 22,296 22,577 23,750 25,695 Official creditors 10,389 12,641 14,754 14,606 15,824 18,191 Multilateral 6,985 9,229 11,014 10,996 11,291 12,765 of which: World Bank 1,399 2,447 3,275 3,515 3,489 4,196 Bilateral 3,404 3,413 3,740 3,610 4,533 5,425 Private creditors 4,476 6,002 7,542 7,971 7,926 7,504 Bondholders 3,819 5,268 6,705 7,239 7,278 6,877 Commercial banks and others 657 734 837 732 648 626 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 2,402 1,503 1,641 2,082 2,067 1,888 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 2,402 1,503 1,641 2,082 2,067 1,888 Use of IMF credit 420 1,987 2,105 2,280 2,132 2,824 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. 282 0 228 -135 583 Long-term 40 954 2,367 899 1,811 268 Official creditors 634 339 845 464 1,415 1,261 Multilateral 566 320 810 504 466 641 of which: World Bank 74 20 581 486 31 410 Bilateral 68 19 35 -40 949 620 Private creditors -594 615 1,521 435 396 -993 Bondholders .. 500 1,260 591 49 -707 Banks and others -594 115 262 -156 347 -287 Short-term 144 119 764 635 3,338 -799 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,339 631 815 998 817 600 Portfolio equity -26 -57 -64 -41 13 -31 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 100 166 186 176 200 247 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 54 71 87 91 105 107 Debt service to exports (%) 11 12 17 15 16 20 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 22 23 22 23 29 26 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 31 32 33 31 29 31 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 42 20 17 15 19 23 Gross national income (GNI) 41,984 40,618 38,573 38,407 37,479 38,196 151 TURKEY (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 300,869 409,421 456,562 445,973 440,773 435,889 Use of IMF credit 7,277 1,440 1,526 1,490 1,481 1,543 Long-term external debt 216,361 306,738 335,174 327,989 316,189 295,908 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 93,281 107,727 117,843 121,211 124,923 132,392 Public sector 92,987 107,375 117,497 120,925 124,679 132,181 of which: General government 76,686 84,350 92,236 93,203 99,590 106,563 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 293 352 346 286 244 210 Private sector not guaranteed 123,080 199,011 217,331 206,778 191,267 163,517 Short-term external debt 77,232 101,243 119,863 116,494 123,102 138,438 Disbursements (long-term) 48,832 81,760 88,318 68,568 58,895 58,061 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 14,793 14,324 17,579 15,844 17,226 16,392 Public sector 14,664 14,324 17,579 15,844 17,226 16,392 of which: General government 13,305 7,142 12,046 9,467 13,423 10,821 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 128 .. 0 0 0 .. Private sector not guaranteed 34,039 67,436 70,739 52,725 41,669 41,669 Principal repayments (long-term) 45,503 61,603 69,197 67,974 69,212 68,665 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 6,027 8,437 11,339 10,822 12,899 12,362 Public sector 6,023 8,393 11,288 10,777 12,862 12,310 of which: General government 5,329 5,010 7,595 7,387 6,614 6,632 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 4 45 51 45 37 52 Private sector not guaranteed 39,476 53,166 57,858 57,152 56,313 56,303 Interest payments (long-term) 8,869 10,934 12,098 11,523 12,621 12,675 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4,692 4,499 4,875 4,876 5,492 5,651 Public sector 4,690 4,495 4,871 4,872 5,488 5,648 of which: General government 4,048 4,001 4,284 4,290 4,579 4,881 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 2 4 4 4 4 3 Private sector not guaranteed 4,177 6,435 7,223 6,647 7,129 7,024 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 216,361 306,738 335,174 327,989 316,189 295,908 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 93,281 107,727 117,843 121,211 124,923 132,392 Official creditors 26,929 30,880 34,596 34,503 34,252 34,710 Multilateral 19,924 25,593 28,505 28,269 26,845 27,689 of which: World Bank 11,605 10,860 12,039 11,685 11,362 11,925 Bilateral 7,005 5,287 6,091 6,233 7,407 7,021 Private creditors 66,352 76,848 83,247 86,709 90,670 97,682 Bondholders 45,774 67,141 74,436 77,326 82,205 88,291 Commercial banks and others 20,578 9,706 8,811 9,383 8,466 9,391 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 123,080 199,011 217,331 206,778 191,267 163,517 Bondholders 6,202 34,475 41,602 38,894 38,373 37,131 Commercial banks and others 116,878 164,536 175,729 167,884 152,893 126,386 Use of IMF credit 7,277 1,440 1,526 1,490 1,481 1,543 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit -2,171 .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 3,328 20,157 19,121 594 -10,317 -10,605 Official creditors 4,030 765 925 941 148 -1,508 Multilateral 3,831 1,080 461 745 -1,024 -823 of which: World Bank 2,088 -644 185 5 -172 -99 Bilateral 199 -314 464 196 1,172 -685 Private creditors -702 19,391 18,196 -347 -10,465 -9,097 Bondholders 5,970 4,307 9,466 1,753 3,102 579 Banks and others -6,672 15,085 8,730 -2,100 -13,567 -9,676 Short-term 28,255 -3,889 18,620 -3,369 6,608 15,336 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 8,715 10,848 10,175 12,144 10,488 8,687 Portfolio equity 3,468 823 2,971 -1,131 406 -4,255 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 185 200 201 183 175 207 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 39 48 54 58 59 61 Debt service to exports (%) 37 37 38 35 34 41 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 26 25 26 26 28 32 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 7 6 6 6 6 6 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 27 22 18 16 18 11 Gross national income (GNI) 770,477 860,511 847,900 766,430 748,585 711,418 152 TURKMENISTAN (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 1,682 8,167 8,650 8,160 6,516 5,636 Use of IMF credit 108 94 99 97 97 101 Long-term external debt 1,520 7,920 8,135 7,757 6,419 5,394 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,513 7,892 8,088 7,722 6,376 5,342 Public sector 1,513 7,892 8,088 7,722 6,376 5,342 of which: General government 147 1,009 1,313 1,528 1,629 1,821 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 7 29 47 35 43 51 Short-term external debt 54 153 416 306 0 142 Disbursements (long-term) 1,051 2,238 1,530 1,095 518 747 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,044 2,232 1,501 1,089 498 729 Public sector 1,044 2,232 1,501 1,089 498 729 of which: General government 3 680 290 305 315 345 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 8 6 29 7 20 18 Principal repayments (long-term) 148 1,194 1,381 1,460 1,804 1,850 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 135 1,178 1,366 1,437 1,793 1,839 Public sector 135 1,178 1,366 1,437 1,793 1,839 of which: General government 18 13 15 83 165 188 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 13 16 15 23 12 11 Interest payments (long-term) 50 319 339 364 355 240 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 50 319 339 363 354 239 Public sector 50 319 339 363 354 239 of which: General government 3 6 20 47 63 69 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0 0 1 1 1 1 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 1,520 7,920 8,135 7,757 6,419 5,394 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,513 7,892 8,088 7,722 6,376 5,342 Official creditors 1,513 7,892 7,871 7,356 5,875 4,726 Multilateral 96 430 441 432 471 673 of which: World Bank 11 1 0 .. .. .. Bilateral 1,417 7,462 7,429 6,924 5,404 4,053 Private creditors 0 0 217 367 501 616 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 0 0 217 367 501 616 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 7 29 47 35 43 51 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 7 29 47 35 43 51 Use of IMF credit 108 94 99 97 97 101 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 903 1,043 149 -364 -1,287 -1,103 Official creditors 924 1,054 -76 -507 -1,433 -1,197 Multilateral -2 98 10 -9 88 202 of which: World Bank -1 -2 -1 .. .. .. Bilateral 926 956 -86 -498 -1,521 -1,399 Private creditors -21 -11 225 142 147 94 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others -21 -11 225 142 147 94 Short-term -30 153 263 -110 -306 142 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 3,632 2,243 2,086 1,997 2,129 1,169 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) .. .. .. .. .. .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 8 23 24 21 15 .. Debt service to exports (%) .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 3 2 5 4 0 3 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 6 5 5 5 7 12 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) .. .. .. .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 20,689 35,226 36,352 39,044 43,576 .. 153 UGANDA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 2,975 10,086 11,673 12,315 13,971 17,207 Use of IMF credit 275 233 246 241 239 769 Long-term external debt 2,673 9,352 10,953 11,566 12,780 15,246 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,673 5,446 6,890 7,701 8,638 11,335 Public sector 2,668 5,442 6,886 7,697 8,634 11,332 of which: General government 2,667 5,441 6,885 7,696 8,634 11,326 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 5 4 4 4 3 3 Private sector not guaranteed .. 3,906 4,064 3,865 4,142 3,911 Short-term external debt 26 502 473 509 952 1,191 Disbursements (long-term) 489 936 1,568 1,167 1,411 2,486 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 489 785 1,259 1,167 1,134 2,486 Public sector 489 785 1,259 1,167 1,134 2,486 of which: General government 489 785 1,259 1,167 1,134 2,481 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 151 309 .. 277 .. Principal repayments (long-term) 40 779 97 422 166 402 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 40 46 97 224 166 171 Public sector 40 46 97 224 166 171 of which: General government 40 46 97 224 166 171 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 0 .. 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed .. 733 .. 199 .. 231 Interest payments (long-term) 21 57 80 98 115 266 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 21 55 80 98 115 141 Public sector 21 55 80 98 115 141 of which: General government 21 55 80 98 115 141 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 1 .. .. .. 125 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 2,673 9,352 10,953 11,566 12,780 15,246 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,673 5,446 6,890 7,701 8,638 11,335 Official creditors 2,673 5,445 6,881 7,650 8,555 10,816 Multilateral 2,416 4,077 4,867 5,039 5,654 7,215 of which: World Bank 1,682 2,576 2,980 3,095 3,443 4,300 Bilateral 257 1,368 2,014 2,612 2,901 3,601 Private creditors 0 1 8 50 83 519 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 0 1 8 50 83 519 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 3,906 4,064 3,865 4,142 3,911 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. 3,906 4,064 3,865 4,142 3,911 Use of IMF credit 275 233 246 241 239 769 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 0 0 .. .. .. 503 Long-term 449 157 1,471 745 1,245 2,084 Official creditors 450 738 1,155 900 934 1,911 Multilateral 424 338 538 285 640 1,291 of which: World Bank 326 163 245 190 366 689 Bilateral 26 400 617 615 294 620 Private creditors 0 -581 316 -155 311 173 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others 0 -581 316 -155 311 173 Short-term -209 -52 -29 36 443 240 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 248 396 708 710 955 652 Portfolio equity -70 16 15 66 15 4 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 84 208 227 217 226 304 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 11 35 39 39 41 47 Debt service to exports (%) 2 17 4 9 5 12 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 1 5 4 4 7 7 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 81 40 42 41 40 42 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 91 31 32 27 .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 26,231 28,567 30,021 31,986 34,254 36,758 154 UKRAINE (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 124,527 115,004 122,700 121,091 123,921 129,899 Use of IMF credit 16,262 13,075 14,001 12,997 11,328 12,824 Long-term external debt 81,001 81,706 86,439 87,403 90,568 92,997 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 25,327 33,104 36,068 36,207 38,475 41,519 Public sector 25,327 33,104 36,068 36,207 38,475 41,519 of which: General government 24,815 31,049 33,718 35,469 35,589 38,482 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 55,674 48,602 50,371 51,197 52,093 51,478 Short-term external debt 27,264 20,223 22,259 20,690 22,025 24,078 Disbursements (long-term) 32,240 5,019 8,175 9,488 12,525 15,718 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 7,969 2,750 5,757 4,051 5,363 4,987 Public sector 7,969 2,750 5,757 4,051 5,363 4,987 of which: General government 7,935 2,679 5,446 3,711 3,061 4,826 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 24,272 2,268 2,418 5,437 7,163 10,731 Principal repayments (long-term) 22,885 8,608 8,507 8,846 8,275 12,664 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,446 1,898 3,456 3,603 3,000 4,912 Public sector 1,446 1,898 3,456 3,603 3,000 4,912 of which: General government 1,165 1,882 3,439 1,657 2,851 4,886 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 21,439 6,710 5,051 5,243 5,275 7,753 Interest payments (long-term) 3,532 3,116 2,975 2,809 3,171 3,615 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 594 1,435 1,502 1,464 1,683 1,852 Public sector 594 1,435 1,502 1,464 1,683 1,852 of which: General government 552 1,286 1,347 1,436 1,652 1,692 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 2,938 1,681 1,473 1,345 1,488 1,763 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 81,001 81,706 86,439 87,403 90,568 92,997 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 25,327 33,104 36,068 36,207 38,475 41,519 Official creditors 14,961 12,304 13,833 12,978 12,420 13,971 Multilateral 13,560 10,992 12,241 11,406 10,793 12,429 of which: World Bank 3,212 5,510 5,362 5,335 5,360 5,741 Bilateral 1,400 1,312 1,592 1,573 1,627 1,541 Private creditors 10,366 20,800 22,235 23,228 26,054 27,548 Bondholders 9,058 20,643 22,067 22,467 24,485 25,553 Commercial banks and others 1,308 156 167 761 1,569 1,996 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 55,674 48,602 50,371 51,197 52,093 51,478 Bondholders 4,313 3,831 4,419 4,519 4,489 4,405 Commercial banks and others 51,361 44,771 45,952 46,678 47,604 47,073 Use of IMF credit 16,262 13,075 14,001 12,997 11,328 12,824 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 3,433 995 146 -689 -1,593 992 Long-term 9,355 -3,589 -332 642 4,251 3,053 Official creditors 3,767 -431 878 -575 -462 369 Multilateral 3,915 -761 643 -570 -506 509 of which: World Bank -85 -80 -149 -27 25 381 Bilateral -149 330 235 -5 43 -140 Private creditors 5,589 -3,158 -1,210 1,217 4,713 2,685 Bondholders 2,193 541 1,589 -275 2,551 -146 Banks and others 3,396 -3,699 -2,799 1,492 2,162 2,830 Short-term 6,370 -974 1,114 -2,088 1,191 1,095 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 5,550 4,076 3,025 4,069 4,909 272 Portfolio equity 290 69 110 -9 49 173 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 177 217 194 170 161 178 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 93 124 107 90 78 82 Debt service to exports (%) 38 23 21 21 18 25 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 22 18 18 17 18 19 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 11 10 10 9 9 10 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 27 13 14 16 19 21 Gross national income (GNI) 134,004 92,422 114,760 134,253 158,544 157,996 155 UZBEKISTAN (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 7,981 15,494 16,692 17,736 22,407 32,174 Use of IMF credit 405 353 374 365 363 775 Long-term external debt 7,154 14,751 15,578 16,473 21,369 29,010 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,423 6,603 7,544 9,412 12,790 17,064 Public sector 3,419 6,603 7,544 9,412 12,790 17,064 of which: General government 2,534 4,311 5,085 6,768 10,117 14,044 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 4 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 3,730 8,149 8,035 7,061 8,579 11,946 Short-term external debt 423 389 740 897 674 2,389 Disbursements (long-term) 1,191 2,899 2,099 2,620 6,650 9,847 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 455 1,399 1,118 2,291 3,803 4,624 Public sector 455 1,399 1,118 2,291 3,803 4,624 of which: General government 258 663 831 1,912 3,581 4,020 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 736 1,501 981 330 2,846 5,223 Principal repayments (long-term) 493 1,006 1,436 691 1,951 2,607 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 370 341 341 383 429 594 Public sector 368 341 341 383 429 594 of which: General government 165 209 178 198 233 290 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 2 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 123 665 1,095 309 1,521 2,013 Interest payments (long-term) 118 354 449 285 670 700 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 63 91 118 144 258 303 Public sector 63 91 118 144 258 303 of which: General government 47 49 68 95 196 242 Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 55 262 331 141 412 397 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 7,154 14,751 15,578 16,473 21,369 29,010 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,423 6,603 7,544 9,412 12,790 17,064 Official creditors 3,197 6,333 7,262 9,213 11,559 14,558 Multilateral 1,210 3,367 3,893 5,441 7,049 9,246 of which: World Bank 373 779 910 1,907 2,723 3,734 Bilateral 1,987 2,967 3,369 3,772 4,511 5,312 Private creditors 226 269 281 199 1,231 2,506 Bondholders .. .. .. .. 1,000 2,048 Commercial banks and others 226 269 281 199 231 458 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 3,730 8,149 8,035 7,061 8,579 11,946 Bondholders .. .. .. .. 300 600 Commercial banks and others 3,730 8,149 8,035 7,061 8,279 11,346 Use of IMF credit 405 353 374 365 363 775 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. 384 Long-term 698 1,893 662 1,929 4,699 7,240 Official creditors 184 1,034 800 1,980 2,338 2,764 Multilateral 110 361 460 1,580 1,616 2,134 of which: World Bank 5 196 101 1,013 820 978 Bilateral 74 673 340 400 722 630 Private creditors 514 859 -138 -51 2,361 4,477 Bondholders .. .. .. .. 1,300 1,348 Banks and others 514 859 -138 -51 1,061 3,129 Short-term -120 228 351 157 -232 1,714 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,487 1,129 1,914 639 2,148 1,463 Portfolio equity 1 2 3 13 29 32 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 61 121 111 102 112 200 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 17 19 28 34 38 56 Debt service to exports (%) 5 11 13 6 13 21 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 5 3 4 5 3 7 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 15 22 23 31 31 29 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) .. 91 84 70 57 46 Gross national income (GNI) 47,535 82,632 60,373 51,900 58,465 57,466 156 VANUATU (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 177.7 293.4 401.4 402.2 420.6 427.2 Use of IMF credit 25.1 44.7 47.4 43.3 37.2 34.4 Long-term external debt 102.6 210.9 287.6 313.8 341.3 354.4 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 102.6 210.9 287.6 313.8 341.3 354.4 Public sector 102.6 210.9 287.6 313.8 341.3 354.4 of which: General government 102.1 210.7 287.4 313.8 341.3 354.4 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 50.0 37.8 66.4 45.1 42.1 38.4 Disbursements (long-term) 3.3 53.2 68.7 46.4 41.8 7.5 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3.3 53.2 68.7 46.4 41.8 7.5 Public sector 3.3 53.2 68.7 46.4 41.8 7.5 of which: General government 3.3 53.2 68.7 46.4 41.8 7.5 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 3.6 4.9 5.0 12.0 12.5 12.8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3.6 4.9 5.0 12.0 12.5 12.8 Public sector 3.6 4.9 5.0 12.0 12.5 12.8 of which: General government 3.5 4.9 5.0 11.8 12.5 12.8 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 1.6 3.2 3.5 4.2 4.0 4.1 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1.6 3.2 3.5 4.2 4.0 4.1 Public sector 1.6 3.2 3.5 4.2 4.0 4.1 of which: General government 1.6 3.2 3.5 4.2 4.0 4.1 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 102.6 210.9 287.6 313.8 341.3 354.4 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 102.6 210.9 287.6 313.8 341.3 354.4 Official creditors 102.6 210.9 287.6 313.8 341.3 354.4 Multilateral 68.8 53.7 76.1 101.8 135.0 145.2 of which: World Bank 11.7 12.2 29.1 54.7 83.0 91.6 Bilateral 33.8 157.2 211.5 212.0 206.3 209.1 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 25.1 44.7 47.4 43.3 37.2 34.4 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. 0.0 0.0 -3.0 -5.9 -4.1 Long-term -0.3 48.3 63.7 34.4 29.4 -5.3 Official creditors -0.3 48.3 63.7 34.4 29.4 -5.3 Multilateral -3.3 6.1 19.6 27.1 33.5 4.4 of which: World Bank -0.5 3.4 15.8 26.8 28.7 5.0 Bilateral 3.0 42.1 44.0 7.2 -4.2 -9.7 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term 21.0 -0.9 28.6 -21.3 -3.1 -3.7 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 50.6 43.5 34.2 34.0 24.3 23.5 Portfolio equity .. 0.7 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.5 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 48.9 71.2 92.8 81.1 86.2 161.4 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 27.4 37.8 46.2 43.6 42.7 50.6 Debt service to exports (%) 1.6 2.1 2.3 4.1 4.8 8.2 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 28.1 12.9 16.6 11.2 10.0 9.0 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 38.7 18.3 19.0 25.3 32.1 34.0 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 90.8 91.1 98.4 104.6 121.6 143.6 Gross national income (GNI) 649.2 775.7 869.5 922.6 984.4 844.7 157 VENEZUELA, RB (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 116,529 175,795 176,106 182,938 185,598 189,306 Use of IMF credit 3,917 3,419 3,622 3,537 3,517 3,663 Long-term external debt 88,557 128,635 128,288 128,318 127,629 127,071 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 52,275 70,905 70,558 70,588 69,899 69,341 Public sector 52,275 70,905 70,558 70,588 69,899 69,341 of which: General government 37,070 46,347 46,000 46,030 45,341 44,783 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 36,282 57,730 57,730 57,730 57,730 57,730 Short-term external debt 24,055 43,741 44,196 51,083 54,452 58,572 Disbursements (long-term) 25,860 6,171 153 3,464 13 0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9,718 6,171 153 3,464 13 0 Public sector 9,718 6,171 153 3,464 13 0 of which: General government 4,293 6,171 153 3,464 13 0 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 16,143 .. .. .. .. 0 Principal repayments (long-term) 10,058 2,338 615 3,393 685 637 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 885 2,338 615 3,393 685 637 Public sector 885 2,338 615 3,393 685 637 of which: General government 877 2,338 615 3,393 685 637 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 9,174 .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 6,273 2,641 2,741 199 436 279 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,597 2,641 2,741 199 436 279 Public sector 3,597 2,641 2,741 199 436 279 of which: General government 2,786 2,641 2,741 199 436 279 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 2,676 .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 88,557 128,635 128,288 128,318 127,629 127,071 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 52,275 70,905 70,558 70,588 69,899 69,341 Official creditors 5,019 9,383 9,034 9,103 8,429 7,796 Multilateral 4,126 5,424 5,307 5,127 4,781 4,307 of which: World Bank .. .. .. .. .. .. Bilateral 892 3,959 3,727 3,976 3,648 3,490 Private creditors 47,256 61,522 61,525 61,485 61,470 61,545 Bondholders 45,810 60,328 60,328 60,328 60,328 60,328 Commercial banks and others 1,446 1,195 1,197 1,158 1,142 1,217 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 36,282 57,730 57,730 57,730 57,730 57,730 Bondholders 8,067 12,744 12,744 12,744 12,744 12,744 Commercial banks and others 28,215 44,986 44,986 44,986 44,986 44,986 Use of IMF credit 3,917 3,419 3,622 3,537 3,517 3,663 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 15,802 3,833 -463 71 -672 -637 Official creditors 787 165 -353 71 -672 -637 Multilateral 830 130 -116 -177 -342 -472 of which: World Bank .. .. .. .. .. .. Bilateral -42 35 -237 248 -330 -165 Private creditors 15,015 3,669 -110 0 0 0 Bondholders 7,647 3,500 0 0 0 0 Banks and others 7,368 169 -110 0 0 0 Short-term 3,221 600 -458 3,296 0 0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 117 446 -68 886 934 959 Portfolio equity 10 .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 165 600 .. .. .. .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 30 .. .. .. .. .. Debt service to exports (%) 24 20 .. .. .. .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 21 25 25 28 29 31 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 4 3 3 3 3 2 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 11 2 2 .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 388,341 .. .. .. .. .. 158 VIETNAM (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 44,940 85,664 104,090 106,854 117,337 125,045 Use of IMF credit 529 423 448 438 435 453 Long-term external debt 37,478 72,521 81,744 86,832 92,505 97,988 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 32,798 48,038 51,790 52,115 51,782 52,180 Public sector 32,798 47,842 51,620 51,970 51,662 52,086 of which: General government 26,995 33,256 36,159 36,738 36,671 36,957 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 196 170 145 120 94 Private sector not guaranteed 4,680 24,484 29,954 34,717 40,723 45,808 Short-term external debt 6,932 12,720 21,898 19,585 24,397 26,604 Disbursements (long-term) 6,922 13,118 18,661 20,336 18,674 17,467 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,637 4,464 4,270 3,210 2,404 2,265 Public sector 5,637 4,464 4,270 3,210 2,404 2,265 of which: General government 4,309 2,852 2,747 2,147 1,443 1,311 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 0 0 0 .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,285 8,654 14,391 17,126 16,271 15,202 Principal repayments (long-term) 1,055 5,740 11,250 14,714 13,040 13,785 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,055 2,530 2,329 2,587 2,775 3,667 Public sector 1,055 2,508 2,304 2,561 2,750 3,642 of which: General government 696 1,520 1,273 1,407 1,580 2,461 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 23 25 25 25 25 Private sector not guaranteed .. 3,210 8,920 12,127 10,265 10,118 Interest payments (long-term) 707 1,412 2,059 2,721 2,678 1,870 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 563 879 940 1,017 1,062 886 Public sector 563 874 935 1,011 1,056 883 of which: General government 382 505 527 574 597 524 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 5 5 5 6 3 Private sector not guaranteed 144 532 1,119 1,704 1,616 984 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 37,478 72,521 81,744 86,832 92,505 97,988 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 32,798 48,038 51,790 52,115 51,782 52,180 Official creditors 27,313 40,199 44,617 45,735 46,076 47,805 Multilateral 12,573 21,167 23,285 23,717 24,066 25,337 of which: World Bank 7,743 13,110 14,683 14,968 15,327 16,378 Bilateral 14,741 19,032 21,332 22,017 22,010 22,468 Private creditors 5,485 7,839 7,173 6,380 5,706 4,376 Bondholders 2,020 1,521 1,516 1,511 1,506 756 Commercial banks and others 3,465 6,318 5,657 4,869 4,199 3,620 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 4,680 24,484 29,954 34,717 40,723 45,808 Bondholders .. 235 235 35 1,014 1,094 Commercial banks and others 4,680 24,248 29,718 34,682 39,709 44,714 Use of IMF credit 529 423 448 438 435 453 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit -38 .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 5,867 7,378 7,411 5,622 5,635 3,682 Official creditors 2,973 2,858 2,691 1,392 294 -35 Multilateral 1,953 1,443 1,145 839 458 491 of which: World Bank 1,543 830 885 592 443 499 Bilateral 1,020 1,415 1,545 553 -164 -526 Private creditors 2,894 4,520 4,720 4,230 5,341 3,717 Bondholders 981 -411 -5 -205 974 -671 Banks and others 1,912 4,931 4,725 4,435 4,367 4,388 Short-term 2,149 729 9,178 -2,313 4,812 2,207 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 7,101 8,820 8,418 13,977 11,980 13,212 Portfolio equity 2,383 .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 56 45 45 41 41 43 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 40 44 50 46 48 49 Debt service to exports (%) 2 4 6 7 6 6 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 15 15 21 18 21 21 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 28 25 22 22 21 20 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 28 43 47 52 67 76 Gross national income (GNI) 111,513 196,687 207,929 230,004 246,721 256,921 159 YEMEN, REPUBLIC OF (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 6,504 7,063 7,193 7,037 7,055 7,121 Use of IMF credit 436 497 508 469 440 410 Long-term external debt 5,945 6,322 6,317 6,205 6,188 6,251 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,945 6,322 6,317 6,205 6,188 6,251 Public sector 5,945 6,322 6,317 6,205 6,188 6,251 of which: General government 5,945 5,322 5,317 5,205 5,188 5,251 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 124 243 368 362 427 460 Disbursements (long-term) 297 24 4 19 66 38 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 297 24 4 19 66 38 Public sector 297 24 4 19 66 38 of which: General government 297 24 4 19 66 38 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 155 98 66 71 72 75 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 155 98 66 71 72 75 Public sector 155 98 66 71 72 75 of which: General government 155 98 66 71 72 75 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 74 31 13 13 12 11 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 74 31 13 13 12 11 Public sector 74 31 13 13 12 11 of which: General government 74 28 13 13 12 11 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 5,945 6,322 6,317 6,205 6,188 6,251 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 5,945 6,322 6,317 6,205 6,188 6,251 Official creditors 5,941 6,322 6,317 6,205 6,188 6,251 Multilateral 3,294 3,039 3,110 3,004 2,987 3,027 of which: World Bank 2,180 1,668 1,695 1,586 1,505 1,488 Bilateral 2,647 3,283 3,207 3,201 3,201 3,224 Private creditors 3 .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 3 .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF credit 436 497 508 469 440 410 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 26 -10 -18 -27 -26 -47 Long-term 143 -74 -62 -52 -7 -38 Official creditors 144 -74 -62 -52 -7 -38 Multilateral 159 -72 -62 -51 -7 -38 of which: World Bank 28 -64 -66 -71 -72 -75 Bilateral -15 -2 0 0 0 0 Private creditors -1 .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and others -1 .. .. .. .. .. Short-term -390 -109 50 -82 36 1 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 43 -561 -270 -282 -371 .. Portfolio equity 0 0 .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 70 738 .. .. .. .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 22 23 27 30 .. .. Debt service to exports (%) 3 15 .. .. .. .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 2 3 5 5 6 6 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 51 43 43 43 42 43 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 90 .. .. .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 29,088 30,870 26,696 23,469 .. .. 160 ZAMBIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 4,253 15,221 22,954 23,526 27,726 30,046 Use of IMF credit 1,117 813 794 715 667 678 Long-term external debt 1,986 13,646 21,260 22,189 26,224 28,690 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,192 7,060 8,786 9,888 11,017 12,245 Public sector 1,192 7,060 8,786 9,888 11,017 12,245 of which: General government 1,141 7,039 8,765 9,871 11,003 12,234 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 0 0 0 .. Private sector not guaranteed 794 6,586 12,474 12,301 15,208 16,445 Short-term external debt 1,150 762 901 623 835 677 Disbursements (long-term) 177 3,768 7,857 4,884 5,501 5,863 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 150 798 1,754 1,456 1,630 1,349 Public sector 150 798 1,754 1,456 1,630 1,349 of which: General government 150 798 1,754 1,455 1,630 1,349 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 0 0 .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 27 2,970 6,103 3,428 3,871 4,513 Principal repayments (long-term) 86 209 367 667 1,758 3,103 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 47 146 152 282 480 299 Public sector 47 146 152 282 480 299 of which: General government 41 143 148 279 477 296 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 0 0 0 .. Private sector not guaranteed 40 63 215 385 1,277 2,804 Interest payments (long-term) 29 448 387 535 776 932 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 11 326 341 444 442 298 Public sector 11 326 341 444 442 298 of which: General government 11 325 341 444 442 297 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 18 122 45 91 334 635 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 1,986 13,646 21,260 22,189 26,224 28,690 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,192 7,060 8,786 9,888 11,017 12,245 Official creditors 1,189 3,764 4,227 4,670 5,614 6,540 Multilateral 924 1,408 1,622 1,818 2,113 2,498 of which: World Bank 430 760 894 1,003 1,108 1,296 Bilateral 265 2,356 2,606 2,851 3,501 4,042 Private creditors 2 3,297 4,558 5,219 5,403 5,705 Bondholders .. 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 Commercial banks and others 2 297 1,558 2,219 2,403 2,705 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 794 6,586 12,474 12,301 15,208 16,445 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 794 6,586 12,474 12,301 15,208 16,445 Use of IMF credit 1,117 813 794 715 667 678 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit 55 -69 -66 -61 -44 -15 Long-term 90 3,558 7,490 4,217 3,743 2,759 Official creditors 105 621 340 510 963 756 Multilateral 71 156 133 234 303 308 of which: World Bank 30 86 86 132 112 139 Bilateral 35 465 207 275 660 448 Private creditors -15 2,938 7,150 3,707 2,780 2,003 Bondholders .. 0 0 0 0 0 Banks and others -15 2,938 7,150 3,707 2,780 2,003 Short-term 704 22 81 -225 196 -162 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,228 267 547 -502 -306 -201 Portfolio equity 101 3 -3 -5 -1 -1 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 53 203 251 235 334 350 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 22 75 93 91 121 160 Debt service to exports (%) 2 10 9 13 31 47 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 27 5 4 3 3 2 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 22 9 7 8 8 8 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 49 15 9 7 5 4 Gross national income (GNI) 18,903 20,311 24,727 25,905 22,908 18,798 161 ZIMBABWE (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total external debt stocks 6,763 11,465 12,510 12,620 12,245 12,741 Use of IMF credit 529 455 482 471 468 488 Long-term external debt 4,405 7,869 8,302 8,765 8,255 8,401 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,800 4,228 4,320 4,287 4,366 4,577 Public sector 3,800 4,228 4,320 4,287 4,366 4,577 of which: General government 3,123 3,609 3,715 3,745 3,835 4,018 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 605 3,640 3,983 4,478 3,889 3,825 Short-term external debt 1,829 3,141 3,726 3,384 3,521 3,852 Disbursements (long-term) 847 1,132 815 980 972 906 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4 245 153 280 91 60 Public sector 4 245 153 280 91 60 of which: General government 4 245 153 280 91 60 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 843 887 662 700 881 845 Principal repayments (long-term) 338 988 384 281 1,214 930 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2 108 111 76 52 21 Public sector 2 108 111 76 52 21 of which: General government 1 41 61 26 42 21 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 336 880 273 205 1,163 910 Interest payments (long-term) 32 121 267 254 313 22 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 14 44 27 14 13 17 Public sector 14 44 27 14 13 17 of which: General government 13 23 24 13 13 17 Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 18 78 240 240 301 5 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term external debt stocks 4,405 7,869 8,302 8,765 8,255 8,401 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,800 4,228 4,320 4,287 4,366 4,577 Official creditors 3,351 3,815 3,885 3,869 3,954 4,146 Multilateral 1,614 1,557 1,414 1,213 1,207 1,245 of which: World Bank 976 885 907 896 890 910 Bilateral 1,738 2,258 2,471 2,656 2,746 2,901 Private creditors 448 413 435 418 412 431 Bondholders 0 0 0 0 0 0 Commercial banks and others 448 413 435 418 412 431 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 605 3,640 3,983 4,478 3,889 3,825 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 605 3,640 3,983 4,478 3,889 3,825 Use of IMF credit 529 455 482 471 468 488 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF credit -4 -87 .. .. .. .. Long-term 510 144 431 699 -243 -25 Official creditors 2 101 53 204 45 43 Multilateral 0 -69 -60 -41 0 2 of which: World Bank 0 -13 -5 0 -3 0 Bilateral 2 170 113 245 44 41 Private creditors 507 43 378 496 -287 -67 Bondholders 0 0 0 .. 0 0 Banks and others 507 43 378 496 -287 -67 Short-term 160 31 452 -412 63 205 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 123 343 247 718 250 150 Portfolio equity 63 -80 -101 .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 185 268 253 243 232 242 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 64 61 67 66 74 77 Debt service to exports (%) 11 29 14 12 30 19 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 27 27 30 27 29 30 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 24 14 11 10 10 10 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 11 4 2 1 1 0 Gross national income (GNI) 10,614 18,773 18,628 19,212 16,635 16,495 162 Appendix About the Data 163 User Guide to Tables I nternational Debt Statistics 2022 focuses on financial flows, trends in external debt, and other major financial indicators for low- and Statistics The general cutoff date for countries to report data for this publication was end-August 2021. The middle-income countries. This edition of economic aggregates presented in the tables are International Debt Statistics (IDS) has been prepared for the convenience of users. Although reconfigured to offer a more condensed presenta- debt ratios can give useful information about tion of the principal indicators. The longer ver- developments in a debt-servicing capacity, conclu- sion of the report will be found in the online sions drawn from them will not be valid unless tables. accompanied by careful economic evaluation. The macroeconomic data provided are collected from national statistical organizations, which in Tables some cases may be subject to a considerable margin of Aggregate Tables error. The usual care must be taken in interpreting the The aggregate tables are labeled by region name. ratios, particularly for the most recent years, because Data are shown for all low- and middle-income figures may be preliminary and subject to revision. countries and six regional groups (East Asia and Specific country notes describing the sources Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, Latin America of information that are not provided by the coun- and the Caribbean, Middle East and North Africa, try are summarized in the “Data Documentation” South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa). section. Unless otherwise specified, data on long- term public and publicly guaranteed external debt Country Tables for 2020 are based on reports provided by the Country tables are labeled by country name country. and ordered alphabetically. Data are shown for More detailed information on data sources, 123 low- and middle-income countries that report methodology, and compilation is provided in the public and publicly guaranteed external debt appendix at the back of this book. to the World Bank’s Debtor Reporting System (DRS). The tables also include key debt ratios and the composition of external debt stocks and flows Aggregate Measures for Income for each country. Groups and Regions Each table shows a time series with the most Aggregate measures for income groups and regions recent five years, as well as 2010 as a comparison include the 123 low- and middle-income countries year. Full time series data are available for all that report public and publicly g ­uaranteed external countries in the World Bank’s Open Data web- debt to the World Bank’s DRS, whenever data are site (https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/ available. The aggregate “All low- and middle-income international-debt-statistics). countries” is the sum of data for 123 countries. 165 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 2 Classification of Countries the classification is fixed for an edition, based on For operational and analytical purposes, the GNI per capita in the most recent year for which World Bank’s main criterion for classifying coun- data are available, all historical data presented are tries is gross national income (GNI) per capita based on the same country grouping. (calculated by the World Bank Atlas method). Every country is classified as low-income, middle- income, or high-income. Low- and middle-income countries are sometimes referred to as develop- Symbols ing countries. The term is used for convenience; 0 or 0.0 means zero or small enough that the it is not intended to imply that all countries in number would round to zero at the displayed the group are experiencing similar development number of decimal places. or that other countries have reached a preferred .. means that data are not available or that aggre- or final stage of ­ development. Because GNI per gates cannot be calculated because of missing capita changes over time, the country composition data in the years shown. of income groups may change from one edition $ indicates current U.S. dollars unless otherwise of International Debt Statistics to the next. Once specified. 166 User Guide to IDS Online Tables and Database T he country tables that were previously available in the International Debt Statistics print edition is now available online. Using an automated query process, these reference tables will be updated based on the revisions to the International Debt Statistics database. Users can access all the online tables, download the PDF version of the publication, and view the report as an eBook on ISSUU, as well as access the database and download the archived editions of the publication by going to http://data.worldbank.org/products/ids. You can also access all of the publications through the Debt Website at https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/debt-statistics/publications. How to Access IDS Online Country Tables To access the IDS online tables, visit https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/debt-statistics/ids and select from “Country,” “Region,” or “Topic.” Click on “Analytical” to view the table with a select number of indicators as reported in the IDS publication, or “Standard” to view the tables with the full list of indi- cators available in the database. To access the DSSI debt service payments due table, visit https://www​ .worldbank.org/en/programs/debt-statistics/dssi and select “Monthly presentation” for monthly projec- tions or “Annual presentation” for yearly projections. 167 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 2 To access a specific country table directly without going through the above landing page, use the URL https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/debt-statistics/ids and click on a country name to view the table. Similarly, to view the regional table, click on the “Region” tab and select one of the listed regions. The data can be filtered by Counterpart-Area (the creditor) and by Country (the debtor) using the drop-down filters. 168 U s e r G u i d e t o IDS O n l i n e T a b l e s a n d D a t a b a s e Indicators The main indicator codes for each of the indicators online and in the publication are listed below. To view a specific indicator online, go to http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ and add the indicator code at the end of the url; for example, to view a page for total debt stocks, this line should be in your browser: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/DT.DOD.DECT.CD. 1. SUMMARY EXTERNAL DEBT DATA External debt stocks DT.DOD.DECT.CD External debt flows   Long-term external debt DT.DOD.DLXF.CD Disbursements DT.DIS.DLTF.CD   Public and publicly guaranteed DT.DOD.DPPG.CD   Long-term external debt DT.DIS.DLXF.CD   Private nonguaranteed DT.DOD.DPNG.CD   IMF purchases DT.DIS.DIMF.CD   Use of IMF credit DT.DOD.DIMF.CD Principal repayments DT.AMT.DLTF.CD   Short-term debt DT.DOD.DSTC.CD   Long-term external debt DT.AMT.DLXF.CD   interest arrears on long-term DT.IXA.DPPG.CD   IMF repurchases DT.AMT.DIMF.CD Net flows DT.NFL.DECT.CD   Long-term external debt DT.NFL.DLXF.CD Memorandum items   Short-term external debt DT.NFL.DSTC.CD Principal arrears on long-term DT.AXA.DPPG.CD Interest payments (INT) DT.INT.DECT.CD Long-term public sector debt DT.DOD.DPPG.CD   Long-term external debt DT.INT.DLXF.CD Long-term private sector debt DT.DOD.PRVS.CD   IMF charges DT.INT.DIMF.CD Public & publicly guaranteed commitments DT.COM.DPPG.CD   Short-term external debt DT.INT.DSTC.CD 2. OTHER NON-DEBT RESOURCE FLOWS 5. MAJOR ECONOMIC AGGREGATES ­nflows) BX.KLT.DINV.CD.WD Foreign direct investment (net equity i Gross national income (GNI) NY.GNP.MKTP.CD Portfolio equity flows BX.PEF.TOTL.CD.WD Exports of goods, services, and primary income BX.GSR.TOTL.CD Personal transfers and compensation of 3. CURRENCY COMPOSITION OF PUBLIC AND PUBLICLY ­employees BX.TRF.PWKR.CD.DT GUARANTEED DEBT (%) Imports of goods, services, and primary Euro DT.CUR.EURO.ZS ­income BM.GSR.TOTL.CD Japanese yen DT.CUR.JYEN.ZS Primary income on FDI (payments) BX.KLT.DREM.CD.DT Pound sterling DT.CUR.UKPS.ZS International reserves FI.RES.TOTL.CD Swiss franc DT.CUR.SWFR.ZS U.S. dollars DT.CUR.USDL.ZS 4. AVERAGE TERMS OF NEW COMMITMENTS 6. RATIOS Official creditors External debt stocks to exports (%) DT.DOD.DECT.EX.ZS   Interest (%) DT.INR.OFFT External debt stocks to GNI (%) DT.DOD.DECT.GN.ZS   Maturity (years) DT.MAT.OFFT Debt service to exports (%) DOD.DECT.GN.ZS   Grace period (years) DT.GPA.OFFT Short-term to external debt stocks (%) DT.DOD.DSTC.ZS Private creditors Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) DT.DOD.MLAT.ZS   Interest (%) DT.INR.PRVT Reserves to external debt stocks (%) FI.RES.TOTL.DT.ZS   Maturity (years) DT.MAT.PRVT Current account balance BN.CAB.XOKA.CD   Grace period (years) DT.GPA.PRVT Reserves to imports (months) FI.RES.TOTL.MO 169 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 2 7. LONG-TERM EXTERNAL DEBT Debt outstanding and disbursed DT.DOD.DLXF.CD Interest payments DT.INT.DLXF.CD Public and publicly guaranteed DT.DOD.DPPG.CD Public and publicly guaranteed DT.INT.DPPG.CD Official creditors DT.DOD.OFFT.CD Official creditors DT.INT.OFFT.CD  Multilateral DT.DOD.MLAT.CD  Multilateral DT.INT.MLAT.CD   of which: IBRD DT.DOD.MIBR.CD   of which: IBRD DT.INT.MIBR.CD       IDA DT.DOD.MIDA.CD       IDA DT.INT.MIDA.CD  Bilateral DT.DOD.BLAT.CD  Bilateral DT.INT.BLAT.CD Private creditors DT.DOD.PRVT.CD Private creditors DT.INT.PRVT.CD   of which: Bonds DT.DOD.PBND.CD   of which: Bonds DT.INT.PBND.CD       Commercial banks DT.DOD.PCBK.CD       Commercial banks DT.INT.PCBK.CD Private nonguaranteed DT.DOD.DPNG.CD Private nonguaranteed DT.INT.DPNG.CD   of which: Bonds DT.DOD.PNGB.CD   of which: Bonds DT.INT.PNGB.CD Disbursements DT.DIS.DLXF.CD Principal repayments DT.AMT.DLXF.CD Public and publicly guaranteed DT.DIS.DPPG.CD Public and publicly guaranteed DT.AMT.DPPG.CD Official creditors DT.DIS.OFFT.CD Official creditors DT.AMT.OFFT.CD  Multilateral DT.DIS.MLAT.CD  Multilateral DT.AMT.MLAT.CD   of which: IBRD DT.DIS.MIBR.CD   of which: IBRD DT.AMT.MIBR.CD       IDA DT.DIS.MIDA.CD       IDA DT.AMT.MIDA.CD  Bilateral DT.DIS.BLAT.CD  Bilateral DT.AMT.BLAT.CD Private creditors DT.DIS.PRVT.CD Private creditors DT.AMT.PRVT.CD   of which: Bonds DT.DIS.PBND.CD   of which: Bonds DT.AMT.PBND.CD       Commercial banks DT.DIS.PCBK.CD       Commercial banks DT.AMT.PCBK.CD Private nonguaranteed DT.DIS.DPNG.CD Private nonguaranteed DT.AMT.DPNG.CD   of which: Bonds DT.DIS.PNGB.CD   of which: Bonds DT.AMT.PNGB.CD 10. CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS ON OUTSTANDING LONG-TERM 8. DEBT STOCK-FLOW RECONCILATION EXTERNAL DEBT Total change in external debt stocks DT.DOD.DECT.CD.CG Official creditors Net flows on external debt DT.NFL.DECT.CD  Principal DT.AMT.OFFT.CD  Interest DT.INT.OFFT.CD 9. DEBT STOCK-FLOW RECONCILATION Private creditors  Principal DT.AMT.PRVT.CD Total amount rescheduled DT.DXR.DPPG.CD  Interest DT.INT.PRVT.CD Total amount forgiven DT.DFR.DPPG.CD Debt buyback DT.DSB.DPPG.CD 170 U s e r G u i d e t o IDS O n l i n e T a b l e s a n d D a t a b a s e How to Access the Database DataBank (http://databank.worldbank.org) is an online web resource that provides simple and quick access to collections of time series data. It has advanced functions for selecting and displaying data, per- forming customized queries, downloading data, and creating charts and maps. Users can create dynamic, custom reports based on their selection of countries, indicators, and years. All these reports can be easily edited, shared, and embedded as widgets on websites or blogs. For more information, see http://­databank​ .worldbank.org/help. Actions Click to share the table using either the embed code or the URL Click to edit and revise the table in DataBank Click to export all metadata to Excel Click to export the table to Excel Click to export the table and corresponding indicator metadata to PDF Click to print the table and corresponding indicator metadata Click to access the IDS Online Tables Help file 171 Data Sources and Methodology Data Sources which the tables in this publication and online Debtor reporting system database are produced. T he principal sources of information for the Data on exports and imports (on a balance tables in International Debt Statistics 2022 of payments basis), international reserves, current are reports to the World Bank through the World account balances, foreign direct investment (FDI) on Bank’s Debtor Reporting System (DRS) from mem- equity, portfolio equity flows, and primary income ber countries that have received either International of FDI are drawn mainly from the IMF, supple- Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) mented by United Nations Conference on Trade and loans or International Development ­ Association Development (UNCTAD) reports and country data. (IDA) credits. The DRS has its origin in the World Balance of payments data are ­ presented according to Bank’s need to monitor and assess the financial the sixth edition of the IMF’s Balance of Payments position of its borrowers. Since 1951, borrow- Manual (BPM6). Official aid flows come from ers have been required to provide statistics on data collected and published by the Development their public external debt and private sector debt Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organisation that benefit from a public guarantee. Reporting for Economic Co-operation and Development countries submit reports on the annual status, ­ (OECD). Short-term external debt data are as transactions, and terms of the long-term external reported by debtor countries or are estimates based debt of public agencies and that of private ones on the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) quar- guaranteed by a public agency in the debtor coun- terly series of commercial banks’ claims on low- and try. The DRS maintains these records on a loan- middle-income ­ countries. For some countries, esti- by-loan basis. In 1973, coverage of the DRS was mates were prepared by pooling creditor and debtor expanded to include private sector nonguaranteed information. Data on the gross national income of borrowing, but for this category of debt, data are most low- and middle-income c ­ ountries are collected provided by borrowers in aggregate rather than from national statistical organizations or Central loan by loan. Banks by visiting and resident World Bank missions. Data submitted to the DRS are processed Every effort has been made to ensure the accu- in the World Bank External Debt (WBXD) sys- racy and completeness of the external debt statistics. tem, along with additional information received Coverage has been improved through the efforts from the African Development Bank, the of the reporting agencies and close collaboration Asian Development Bank, the Inter-American between the Bank and our partners, Commonwealth Development Bank (IDB), the International Secretariat (COMSEC) and UNCTAD, which pro- Monetary Fund (IMF), institutions of the World vide debt recording and reporting systems across Bank Group (IBRD and IDA), and the European the globe, as well as through the work of the World Bank for Reconstruction and Development Bank missions, which visit member countries to (EBRD). The WBXD is an internal system gather data and to provide technical assistance on of the World Bank. Among its outputs is the debt issues. Nevertheless, quality and coverage vary International Debt Statistics (IDS) database, from among debtors and may also vary for the same 173 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 2 debtor from year to year. Data on long-term exter- Beginning with 1991, all ruble debt owed to nal debt reported by member countries are checked the former Soviet Union has been converted at a against, and supplemented by, data from several rate of US$1 = 0.6 ruble, except in cases where a other sources. Among these sources are the state- bilateral agreement specifying a different conver- ments and reports of several regional development sion rate is in place. Adoption of this methodology banks, government lending agencies, and official does not constitute an endorsement by the World government websites. Bank staff of the appropriateness or validity of the exchange rate used. That matter must be resolved bilaterally between the Russian Federation and its Methodology debtor countries. Aggregations Starting with the 1988–89 edition of World Total debt stock and other aggregate measures are Debt Tables (a predecessor of IDS), all data per- derived from the summation of loan-level data on taining to IBRD loans from 1985 onward are stocks and flows after conversion to a common cur- recorded at their current market value. Starting rency. Other tabulations are compiled using terms with the 1991–92 edition, all data pertaining and conditions reported in the loan-level data, such to Asian Development Bank loans from 1989 as currency composition, cancellations, rescheduling onward are recorded at their current market of other liabilities into long-term public and publicly value. Starting with the 1998 edition, all data guaranteed external debt, and debt buybacks. pertaining to African Development Bank and Aggregates for regional and income groups are African Development Fund loans from 1997 based on the World Bank’s operational classifica- onward are recorded at their current market tions, which may differ from common geographic value. usage or income groups used by other organiza- tions. Country classifications of DRS reporting Debt stock and flow reconciliation countries in 2020 are shown in the country groups Because of currency conversions and the timing of section. The same classification is used for all his- transactions, there may be differences between the torical data shown in International Debt Statistics change in aggregate stocks from one period to the and the online tables and online database. next and flows during the relevant period; changes in debt outstanding, including undisbursed Currency conversion amounts, will therefore differ from commitments Data on external obligations are normally less repayments. reported to the World Bank in the currency of Changes in the stock of debt from one period repayment and are converted into a common to the next can be attributed to five ­ factors: the currency (U.S. dollars) using official exchange ­ net flow of debt, the net change in interest arrears, rates published by the IMF. the capitalization of interest, a reduction in debt Commitments, disbursements, and debt ser- resulting from debt forgiveness or other debt vice payments (flows) are converted to U.S. dollars reduction mechanisms, and c ­ross-currency valua- at the annual average exchange rate for the year. tion effects. Any residual difference in the change Debt outstanding (disbursed and undisbursed) at in stock not explained by one of those five factors the end of a given year (stock) is converted at the may indicate inconsistencies in the reported data exchange rate in effect at the end of the relevant or specific phenomena ­ prevailing in an individual year. Consequently, year-to-year changes in debt country (for example, an i ncomplete historical ­ outstanding and disbursed may not be equal to net series for all categories of debt). Starting in 1989, flows (disbursements less principal repayments); the IDS includes the debt stock reconciliation, but similarly, changes in debt outstanding (including not all components are shown in the IDS print edi- undisbursed debt) may not equal commitments tion and online tables. less repayments. Discrepancies will be particu- larly significant when exchange rates have moved External debt restructuring sharply during the year. Projected debt service is Starting in 1985, the WBXD includes information converted to U.S. dollars at rates in effect at the on the restructuring of debt by official creditors end of December 2020. in the context of the Paris Club, restructuring 174 D a t a S o u r c e s a n d M e t h o d o l o g y by commercial creditors, debt swap operations, Projections of future disbursements and debt buybacks, and bond exchanges. It attempts to service payments capture accurately the effect of debt restructuring The WBXD system projects future disbursements on both external debt stocks and external debt and future debt service payments on the assump- flows, consistent with the terms on which the tion that every existing loan commitment will be restructuring takes place. In the compilation and fully used and repaid in full. presentation of external debt data, a distinction is made between cash flows and imputed flows. Future disbursements According to this criterion, restructured service Disbursement projections are made using one of payments and the shift in liabilities from one the following methods: financial instrument to another as a result of debt restructuring are considered to be imputed flows. • Specific schedules. Debtor countries are Both cash flows and imputed flows are recorded requested to submit a schedule of future dis- separately in WBXD. bursements, if available, at the time each new The imputed flows and stock changes associ- loan is first reported. ated with debt restructuring are included in the • Standard schedules. In the absence of specific IDS tables and online database to complement the schedules, the WBXD system projects the cash-basis transactions recorded in the main body future disbursement schedule according to the of the data. Such data encompass information on undisbursed balance of each loan at the end of the debt stock and debt flows restructured each the most recent reporting period. year, the amount of principal forgiven (interest forgiven is shown as a memorandum item), and These projected schedules are based on profiles the amount of external debt stock reduced either derived from the disbursement pattern of compa- by forgiveness or by a debt buyback operation. rable loans that fully disbursed. Thirty different Changes in creditors and debtors that result from profiles have been compiled corresponding to each debt restructuring are also reflected. For example, category of creditor and, in the case of official when insured commercial credits are rescheduled, creditors, for concessional and nonconcessional the creditor classification shifts from private to loans. Each profile is derived by applying regres- official (bilateral), reflecting the assumption of sion analysis techniques to a body of data on actual the assets by the official credit insurance agencies disbursements for each fully disbursed loan in the in the creditor country. The IDS data will show a WBXD database. The profiles are periodically reduction in the external debt owed to the original updated to take into account the evolving pattern private creditors equal or similar to the amount of disbursements observed for fully disbursed loans. of debt restructured and a corresponding increase Future principal payments are generated by in the debt owed to the new official creditor. the WBXD system according to the repayment Similarly on the debtor side, when a government terms of each loan. Principal repayments (amor- accepts responsibility for the payment of restruc- tization) are based on the amount of the loan tured debt previously owed by a private enterprise, commitment. If the amortization schedule fol- the relevant change in the debtor category will lows a set pattern (for example, equal semiannual be reflected. Likewise, if short-term external debt payments), the WBXD system calculates repay- is restructured into a long-term obligation, the ments automatically using the loan commitment stock of short-term external debt will decline and amount, the first and final payment dates, and the the stock of long-term external debt will rise by frequency of the payments. If future payments are the amount of short-term debt restructured. In the irregular, the WBXD system requires a schedule. event of a debt swap of long-term external debt Future interest payments are generated by (external debt to equity, external debt for nature, the WBXD system according to the disbursed and or external debt for development), the face value outstanding balance of the loan at the beginning of of the external debt swapped will be recorded as the period. Using the interest rate specified in the a decline in long-term external debt stock, but loan contract, the first and final interest payment no flow transaction (principal repayment) will be dates, and the frequency of payments, the WBXD recorded. system calculates the stream of future interest 175 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 2 payments due. If interest payments are irregular, in the IDS tables and database and the relationship the WBXD system requires a schedule. between them, as shown in figure A.1. Information Future debt service payments are the sum about general methods of compiling external debt of future principal and interest payments due on data is discussed in the previous section titled existing commitments, including the undisbursed “Methodology.” For ­ concise definitions, see the portion. They do not include debt service pay- glossary. ments that may become due as a result of new loans contracted in subsequent years, nor do Total external debt they take into account the effect of any change Total external debt shown in the IDS is the sum of to future debt service obligations resulting from long-term external debt, short-term debt, and IMF actions such as prepayment or rescheduling or credit. It represents the total debt owed to nonresi- from cancellations that occurred after the most dent creditors and is repayable in both foreign and recent year-end data reported to the DRS. domestic currency. Both projected disbursements and future debt service payments are converted into U.S. Short-term debt ­ dollars using end-December 2020 exchange rates. Short-term debt is defined as external debt with Likewise, future interest payments on loans with an original maturity of one year or less. The DRS a variable interest rate (for example, loans from requires debtor countries to report only on their commercial banks tied to the London Interbank long-term external debt. However, to gain a com- Offered Rate [LIBOR]) are based on the interest prehensive picture of total external obligations, rate prevailing at end-December 2020. the World Bank encourages debtor countries to voluntarily provide information on their short- Treatment of arrears term external obligations. The DRS collects information on arrears of both By its nature, short-term external debt is dif- principal and interest. Principal in arrears is ficult to monitor: Loan-by-loan registration is included in the amount of long-term external debt normally impractical, and monitoring systems outstanding and is shown separately. Interest in typically rely on information requested periodi- arrears on long-term external debt and interest cally by the Central Banks from the banking sec- in arrears on the use of IMF credit are included tor. The World Bank regards the debtor country as part of short-term external debt outstanding as the authoritative source of information on its and are shown separately. Clearance of interest in short-term debt. Unless otherwise specified in the arrears by repayment will be recorded as an inter- country tables, the data for short-term debt are est payment in the relevant creditor category of the derived from the data provided by the quarterly loan (or loans) on which the arrears were incurred, external debt statistics database (see QEDS). BIS as a corresponding reduction in the level of short- data on international bank lending is the second term debt outstanding, and as a net reduction source of the short-term debt. These data are in interest arrears. Clearance of interest arrears reported on the basis of residual maturity, but through debt restructuring or forgiveness will be an estimate of short-term external liabilities by recorded as a reduction in the level of short-term original maturity can be derived by deducting debt outstanding and a net reduction in interest from claims due in one year those that, 12 months arrears. When interests are rescheduled, they will earlier, had a maturity of between one and two be capitalized: This change will be recorded as an years. However, not all commercial banks report increase in long-term debt outstanding equal to the to the BIS in a way that allows the full maturity amount of interest capitalized and the reduction in distribution to be determined, and the BIS data short-term debt outstanding noted ­ previously. include liabilities only to banks within the BIS reporting area. Consequently, the results should be interpreted with caution. The flow of short-term debt may be derived External Debt and Its Components from the change in claims (stock) data in the BIS T his section describes the compilation of the major components of external debt included quarterly series over consecutive periods, but valu- ation adjustments resulting from exchange rate 176 D a t a S o u r c e s a n d M e t h o d o l o g y Figure A.1.  External Debt and Its Components TotaI external debt (EDT) Long-term debt Short-term debt Use of IMF credits (LDOD) by debtor Private Public and publicly nonguaranteed debt guaranteed debt Private sector guaranteed by creditor Public sector by public sector Commercial banks General government Other public sector Bondholders and other creditors by creditor Official creditors Private creditors Multilateral Bilateral Bondholders Commercial banks Other creditors movements will affect the calculations, as will for stocks and average-over-the-period exchange prepayment and refinancing of long-term maturi- rates for flows. IMF trust fund operations under ties falling due. When short-term external debt the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility, has been rescheduled, lags in reporting and differ- Extended Fund Facility, Poverty R ­ eduction and ences in the treatment of the rescheduled external Growth Facility, and Structural Adjustment Facil- debt by debtors and creditors may result in double ity (Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility in counting. 1999) are presented together with all of the IMF’s Interest in arrears on long-term external debt special facilities (buffer stock, supplemental reserve, and interest in arrears on the use of IMF credit compensatory and contingency facilities, oil facili- are added to short-term debt and are separately ties, and other f ­acilities). SDR allocations are also identified. included in this category. According to the BPM6, SDR allocations are recorded as the incurrence of a Use of IMF credit debt liability of the member receiving them (because Data related to the operations of the IMF are pro- of a requirement to repay the allocation in certain vided by the IMF Treasurer’s Department. They circumstances, and also because interest accrues). are converted from special drawing rights (SDR) This debt item was introduced for the first time in into dollars using end-of-period exchange rates IDS 2013 with historical data s ­ tarting in 1999. 177 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 2 Long-term debt and for any known debt restructuring. Principal Long-term debt has an original maturity of more repayments are estimated on the basis of the average than one year. It comprises the obligations of both maturity observed for loans to private sector bor- public and private debtors. Private nonguaranteed rowers in countries reporting to the DRS and on the debt comprises the external obligations of private basis of the stock of debt outstanding. Interest pay- debtors that are not guaranteed for repayment by ments are estimated on the basis of the stock of debt a public entity in the debtor country. outstanding and interest rates prevailing in interna- Public and publicly guaranteed debt com- tional capital markets. prises the external obligations of public debtors Balance of payments data provide a useful and has two components: (a) public debt, which is guideline in the estimation process: private non- borrowing by the national government or agency, guaranteed external debt may be derived as a by a political subdivision or agency, or by autono- residual between net long-term external borrow- mous public bodies, and (b) publicly guaranteed ing recorded in the balance of payments and net debt, which is borrowing by a private agency that long-term public and publicly guaranteed external is guaranteed for repayment by a public entity. debt reported to the DRS. Private nonguaranteed debt Public and publicly guaranteed debt The DRS reporting requirements were expanded Data related to public and publicly guaranteed debt in 1973 to include long-term private nonguar- are reported to the DRS on a loan-by-loan basis. anteed debt. Data are reported annually on an The data provide annual information on the dis- aggregate basis and include, for the reporting year, bursed and outstanding balance and the undisbursed the total amount of disbursed and ­ outstanding balance of each loan, the cumulative disbursements, debt; the amount of disbursements, principal the principal and interest paid and principal and repayments, and interest payments; the principal interest restructured in the reporting year, and the and interest rescheduled; and the projected prin- stock of any outstanding payment’s arrears of prin- cipal and interest payments for future years. The cipal and interest. Detailed information on the terms aggregate data are usually reported in U.S. dollars, and conditions of each loan is also reported. Public and no information on the underlying currency debt and private debt publicly guaranteed are shown composition is given. separately in this publication. Public sector debt is DRS reporting countries recognize the disaggregated by government and “other public” importance of monitoring borrowing by their ­ and further disaggregated by creditor type. private sector, particularly when it constitutes a significant portion of total external debt, but Official creditors many countries acknowledge the difficulty of this Official creditors include multilateral and bilateral process. Detailed data are available only when lenders. In general, official creditors provide loans countries have registration requirements for pri- (and, in some cases, provide grants) to public bod- vate nonguaranteed debt in place, most commonly ies, although in some cases they may lend to other in connection with exchange controls. When for- entities with a public guarantee. mal registration of private nonguaranteed debt is Multilateral creditors are international financial not mandatory, compilers must rely on balance of institutions such as the World Bank, regional devel- payments data and financial surveys. opment banks, and other multilateral and intergov- The data on private nonguaranteed debt in this ernmental agencies whose lending is administered publication is as reported or as estimated for coun- on a multilateral basis. Funds administered by an tries where this type of external debt is known to be international financial organization on behalf of a significant. The estimation of private nonguaranteed single donor ­ government constitute bilateral loans debt is based on the national data on quarterly exter- (or grants). For lending by a number of multilateral nal debt statistics (QEDS) or IMF data. Flows are creditors, the data presented in this publication are derived from the change in stock over consecutive taken from the creditors’ records. Such creditors periods and are adjusted for the effects of exchange include the African Development Bank, the Asian rate movements (assuming the currency composition Development Bank, the IDB, IBRD, and IDA. (IBRD mirrors that of public and publicly guaranteed debt) and IDA are institutions of the World Bank.) 178 D a t a S o u r c e s a n d M e t h o d o l o g y Bilateral creditors are governments and their ­ onguaranteed private creditors are shown N agencies, including Central Banks, aid agencies, offi- ­separately. ­ utonomous ­ cial export credit agencies, and a agencies Bonds include publicly issued or privately such as the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the placed bonds. Federal Home Loan Bank. Member countries of the Commercial bank loans are loans from pri- OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) vate banks and other private financial institutions. and some other countries also report information on Credits of other private creditors include loans extended bilaterally or officially guaranteed to credits from manufacturers, exporters, and other the Creditor Reporting System of the OECD. suppliers of goods, plus bank credits covered by a guarantee of an export credit agency. This line is Private creditors included in the online database but is not shown in Private creditors include commercial banks, the published tables. It can be obtained as the dif- bondholders, and other private creditors. This ­ ference between (a) credits of total private credi- line includes only publicly guaranteed ­ creditors. tors and (b) bonds and commercial bank loans. Data Documentation Country-Specific Notes on Debt Country Country Notes Afghanistan Short-term debt before 2015 is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club debt restructuring agreements signed in 2010 and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Angola Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are estimates based on Central Bank data and are not available before 2009. Short-term debt before 2012 is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Argentina Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data before 2008 are World Bank staff estimates. Short-term debt before 2010 is based on data from the BIS. Long-term foreign direct investment debt is reported according to the BPM5 definition for entities with foreign ownership of 10 percent or more of the ordinary shares or voting power and excludes debt of fellow companies. Azerbaijan Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on the market data. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Bangladesh Short-term debt before 2012 is based on data from the BIS. Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2007 to 2018 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country and are not available prior to 2007. DSSI eligible and not participating in 2020. Belarus Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2014 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Belize Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2008 are based on Central Bank data. Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data for 2020 are based on reports provided by the country. Benin Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club debt restructuring agreement and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and not participating in 2020. Bhutan Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and not participating in 2020. Bolivia Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Bosnia and With the release of 2020 data, long-term private nonguaranteed debt (PNG) data for the period Herzegovina 2011–2019 are revised. Since 2005, PNG data are World Bank staff estimates. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Botswana Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Bulgaria Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2020 reported by the country. The data may include long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt owed by the state-owned railway. 179 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 2 Country Country Notes Burkina Faso Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data prior to 2018 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Data include HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Burundi Data include the effects of Paris Club debt restructuring agreement and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Cabo Verde DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Cambodia Data include MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and not participating in 2020. Cameroon Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Central African Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. Republic DSSI eligible and participating, but with no deferred payments reported in 2020. Chad Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club debt restructuring agreement and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participating, but with no deferred payments reported in 2020. China Long-term public and publicly guaranteed and long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on the aggregate reports provided by the country and market data. Comoros Data include the effects of Paris Club debt restructuring agreements signed in 2010 and 2013 and the HIPC debt relief. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Congo, Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club debt restructuring Democratic agreement and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Republic of Congo, Republic Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club debt restructuring of agreement and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Costa Rica Short-term debt before 2005 is based on data from the BIS. Côte d’Ivoire Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club agreements signed in 2011 and 2012 and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Djibouti Short-term debt before 2017 is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club debt restructuring agreement signed in 2008. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Dominican Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2018 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports Republic provided by the country. Short-term debt before 2009 and 2014 onward is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club debt restructuring agreement signed in 2005. Dominica DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. El Salvador Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Eritrea Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt data from 2010 are World Bank staff estimates. S ­ hort-term debt for 2020 is based on data from the BIS. Eswatini Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Ethiopia Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Fiji Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data for 2012 are World Bank staff estimates. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Gabon Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt data before 2008 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club debt buyback agreement signed in 2007. Gambia, The Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Ghana Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and not participating in 2020. 180 D a t a S o u r c e s a n d M e t h o d o l o g y Country Country Notes Grenada Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Guatemala Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on market data. Short-term debt before 2012 is based on data from the BIS. Guinea Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt data for 2016 are World Bank staff estimates. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club debt restructuring agreements signed in 2010 and 2012 and HIPC debt relief. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Guinea-Bissau Short-term debt before 2019 is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club debt restructuring agreement and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participating, but with no deferred payments reported in 2020. Guyana Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data after 2014 are World Bank staff estimates based on market data. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Principal payment shown from 2012 include rice-for-oil deal. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and not participating in 2020. Haiti Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data cover only IDB loans. Short-term debt is World Bank staff estimates based on Central Bank data. Data include the effects of Paris Club restructuring agreements signed in 2006 and 2009 and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and not participating in 2020. Honduras Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and not participating in 2020. India External debt data prior to 2003 are revised from fiscal year to calendar year. Long-term public and publicly guaranteed bonds include Foreign Institutional Investor (FII) debt as reported by the Reserve Bank of India. Indonesia Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Iran, Islamic Short-term debt for 2020 is based on Central Bank data. Republic of Jamaica Short-term debt data for 2020 are based on reports provided by the country. Jordan Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2001 are based on reports provided by the country. Short-term debt before 1999 is based on data from the BIS. Kenya Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on market data. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and participating, but with no deferred payments reported in 2020. Kosovo DSSI eligible and not participating in 2020. Kyrgyz Republic DSSI eligible and participating, but with no deferred payments reported in 2020. Lao People’s Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt data for 2019 and 2020 are World Bank staff estimates. Democratic Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates. Short-term debt is based on Republic data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and not participating in 2020. Lebanon Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2008 to 2012 are World Bank staff estimates based on the 2013–2017 debt stock. Short-term debt before 2013 is based on data from the BIS. Lesotho Large interest payment was made during 2007 to a creditor country to settle a long-standing claim. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Liberia Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on market data. Data include the effects of Paris Club rescheduling agreements signed in 2008 and 2010 and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participating, but with no deferred payments reported in 2020. Madagascar Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data after 2016 are World Bank staff estimates based on market data. Short-term debt from 2017 is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Malawi Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club rescheduling agreement signed in 2006 and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participating, but with no deferred payments reported in 2020. Maldives Long-term private nonguaranteed and short-term debt data from 2006 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Mali Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. 181 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 2 Country Country Notes Mauritania Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Mauritius Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2009 to 2010 and from 2017 to 2020 are based on reports provided by the country and do not include offshore liabilities, while data from 2011 to 2016 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Short-term debt is based on reports provided by the country and includes offshore liabilities. Moldova DSSI eligible and not participating in 2020. Mongolia Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data before 2016 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Short-term debt before 2008 is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and not participating in 2020. Montenegro Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data for 2020, 2018, and 2017 are World Bank staff estimates and prior to 2017 are based on country reports. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS and prior to 2018 is based on country reports. Morocco Short-term debt before 2009 is based on data from the BIS. Mozambique Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data before 2018 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Myanmar Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt data before 2018 are World Bank staff estimates based on the original terms of the loans. Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on the market data. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Nepal Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Nicaragua Short-term debt before 2007 is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and not participating in 2020. Niger Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Nigeria Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2005 are estimates based on market data. DSSI eligible and not participating in 2020. Pakistan Debt rescheduling reflected in the DSSI is World Bank staff estimates using the partial reports from the country. Short-term debt before 2012 is based on data from the BIS. Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2006 to 2015 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country; 2020 debt flows of private nonguaranteed debt are World Bank staff estimates. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Papua New Guinea Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Peru Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Philippines Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data no longer include unregistered debt and are revised from 2005 based on reports provided by the country. Russian Long-term public and publicly guaranteed and long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Federation Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Rwanda Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and not participating in 2020. Samoa Short-term debt data are excluded, since BIS data include debt liabilities of offshore centers located in the country. BIS short-term debt data for 2018, 2019, and 2020 are $4.4 billion, $4.5 billion, and $3.9 billion, respectively. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. São Tomé and Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible Príncipe and participating in 2020. Senegal Short-term debt before 2009 is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Serbia Beginning in 2006, data for Serbia exclude Montenegro. Long-term private nonguaranteed bonds debt data are estimates based on market data. Short-term debt is based on reports provided by the country. Sierra Leone Short-term debt before 2016 is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Solomon Islands DSSI eligible and not participating in 2020. 182 D a t a S o u r c e s a n d M e t h o d o l o g y Country Country Notes Somalia Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt data before 2018 are World Bank staff estimates based on the original terms of the loans. Beginning in 2018, data reflect the outstanding debt stock, principal, and interest arrears and include late interest/penalty amounts following the reconciliation exercise by the Government of Somalia with respective creditors. DSSI eligible and not participating in 2020. South Africa Long-term public and publicly guaranteed and long-term private nonguaranteed debt data before 2019 are World Bank staff estimates. St. Lucia Short-term debt before 2012 is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and participating, but with no deferred payments reported in 2020. St. Vincent and Short-term debt data are excluded, since BIS data include debt liabilities of offshore centers located in the Grenadines the country. BIS short-term debt data for 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020 are $806 million, $787 million, $532 million, $363 million, and $321 million, respectively. DSSI eligible and participating, but with no deferred payments reported in 2020. Sudan Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt data exclude penalty interest that has accumulated over an extended period and is extensive. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Syrian Arab Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates. Short-term debt is Republic based on data from the BIS. Tajikistan Short-term debt before 2015 is based on data from the BIS. Data include MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Tanzania Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt data include debt liabilities of Zanzibar. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participating, but with no deferred payments reported in 2020. Timor-Leste Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and not participating in 2020. Togo Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club debt restructuring agreement and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Tonga DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Tunisia Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2008 to 2014 are estimates based on reports provided by the country. Turkey Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt data include nonresident deposits made under the Dresdner Bank scheme, amounting to $8.2 million at end-2020. Turkmenistan Country resumed reporting of long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt from 2008 onward; time series have been revised. Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data (excluding bonds) cover only European Bank for Reconstruction and Development lending. Uganda Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on market data. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participating, but with no deferred payments reported in 2020. Uzbekistan Short-term debt before 2009 is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and not participating in 2020. Vanuatu Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt data for 2019 and 2020 are World Bank staff estimates. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and not participating in 2020. Venezuela, Country resumed reporting of long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt from 2016 onward; time República series have been revised. Long-term private nonguaranteed debt and short- term debt data are World Bolivariana de Bank staff estimates based on country reports. Venezuela, RB is unclassified according to the World Bank FY2022 income classification owing to lack of available data. Thus, Venezuela, RB has been excluded from the aggregate data. Vietnam Short-term debt before 2016 is based on data from the BIS. Yemen, Republic Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt data for 2019 and 2020 are World Bank staff estimates of based on the original terms of the loans. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020, but country has not reported data. Zambia Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data before 2016 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participating in 2020. Zimbabwe Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Data from 2001 include late interest fee owed to Paris Club and commercial creditors. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Assumed External Debt is not included in the data. 183 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 2 Sources of the Macroeconomic based on IMF balance of payments statistics. Data Indicators on foreign direct investments and current account T he macroeconomic data are prepared by balance are prepared by World Bank staff based on The World Bank from a variety of sources. IMF balance of ­payments statistics and UNCTAD’s Data on Personal Transfers and Compensation World Investment Report. Other macroeconomic of Employees are prepared by World Bank staff data are from IMF balance of payments statistics. Data on exports of goods, services, and primary income are based on countries’ balance of payments ­ tatistics for the following countries: s Cameroon (2020) Kyrgyz Rep. (2020) Samoa (2020) Comoros (2020) Liberia (2020) St. Lucia (2019–2020) Dominica (2019–2020) Madagacar (2020) St. Vincent and the Grenadines Gambia, The (2019–2020) Malawi (2020) (2019–2020) Grenada (2019–2020) Mauritania (2020) Tanzania (2020) Iran, Islamic Rep. (2010–2020) Papua New Guinea (2019–2020) Uganda (2020) Jordan (2020) Peru (2020) Zimbabwe (2018–2020) Kenya (2020) Rwanda (2020) Data on imports of goods, services, and primary income are based on countries’ balance of payments statistics for the following countries: Cameroon (2020) Kyrgyz Rep. (2020) Samoa (2020) Comoros (2020) Liberia (2020) St. Lucia (2019–2020) Dominica (2019–2020) Madagacar (2020) St. Vincent and the Grenadines Gambia, The (2019–2020) Malawi (2020) (2019–2020) Grenada (2019–2020) Mauritania (2020) Tanzania (2020) Iran, Islamic Rep. (2010–2020) Papua New Guinea (2019–2020) Uganda (2020) Jordan (2020) Peru (2020) Zimbabwe (2018–2020) Kenya (2020) Rwanda (2020) Data on current account balance are based on countries’ balance of payments statistics for the following countries: Benin (2020) Iran, Islamic Rep. (2010–2020) Samoa (2020) Burkina Faso (2020) Jordan (2020) Senegal (2019–2020) Cameroon (2020) Kenya (2020) Sierra Leone (2020) Central African Rep. (2020) Kyrgyz Rep. (2020) Solomon Islands (2020) Chad (2020) Liberia (2020) Somalia (2020) Comoros (2020) Madagascar, Rep. of (2020) St. Lucia (2019–2020) Congo, Rep. of (2020) Malawi (2020) St. Vincent and the Grenadines Côte d’Ivoire (2020) Mali (2019–2020) (2019–2020) Dominica (2019–2020) Mauritania (2020) Sudan (2020) Gabon (2020) Myanmar (2020) Tanzania (2020) Gambia, The (2019–2020) Niger (2020) Togo (2020) Grenada (2019–2020) Papua New Guinea (2019–2020) Uganda (2020) Guinea-Bissau (2020) Peru (2020) Zimbabwe (2018–2020) Guyana (2020) Rwanda (2020) 184 D a t a S o u r c e s a n d M e t h o d o l o g y Data on personal transfers and compensation of employees are based on countries’ balance of payments statistics for the following countries: Dominica (2019–2020) Peru (2020) Tanzania (2020) Grenada (2019–2020) Rwanda (2020) Uganda (2020) Jordan (2020) St. Lucia (2019–2020) Zimbabwe (2018–2020) Kyrgyz Rep. (2020) St. Vincent and the Grenadines (2019–2020) Data on primary income on foreign direct investment are based on countries’ balance of payments statis- tics for the following countries: Cameroon (2020) Rwanda (2020) Sudan (2020) Dominica (2019–2020) St. Lucia (2019–2020) Uganda (2020) Grenada (2019–2020) St. Vincent and the Grenadines (2019–2020) Data on foreign direct investment are based on countries’ balance of payments statistics for the following countries: Dominica (2019–2020) Liberia (2020) St. Vincent and the Grenadines Grenada (2019–2020) Myanmar (2020) (2019–2020) Jamaica (2012–2020) Peru (2020) Tanzania (2020) Jordan (2020) Rwanda (2020) Uganda (2020) Kyrgyz Rep. (2020) St. Lucia (2019–2020) Zimbabwe (2018–2020) Data on portfolio equity are based on countries’ balance of payments statistics for the following countries: China (2010–2020) Rwanda (2020) Uganda (2020) Dominica (2019–2020) St. Lucia (2019–2020) Grenada (2019–2020) ­ renadines St. Vincent and the G (2019–2020) 185 Country Groups Regional Groups East Asia and Pacific Tajikistan (A) Egypt, Arab Rep. (A) Eswatini (A) Cambodia (A) Turkey (A) Iran, Islamic Rep. (A) Ethiopia (A) China (P) Turkmenistan (A) Jordan (A) Gabon (A) Fiji (A) Ukraine (A) Lebanon (A) Gambia, The (A) Indonesia (A) Uzbekistan (A) Morocco (A) Ghana (E) Lao PDR (E) Syrian Arab Republic (E) Guinea (A) Mongolia (A) Latin America and the Caribbean Tunisia (A) Guinea-Bissau (A) Myanmar (A) Yemen, Rep. (E) Kenya (A) Argentina (A) Papua New Guinea (A) Lesotho (A) Belize (A) Philippines (A) South Asia Liberia (A) Bolivia (A) Samoa (A) Afghanistan (A) Madagascar (A) Brazil (A) Solomon Islands (A) Bangladesh (A) Malawi (A) Colombia (A) Thailand (A) Bhutan (A) Mali (A) Costa Rica (A) Timor-Leste (A) India (A) Mauritania (A) Dominica (A) Tonga (A) Maldives (A) Mauritius (A) Dominican Republic (A) Vanuatu (E) Nepal (A) Mozambique (A) Ecuador (A) Vietnam (A) Pakistan (A) Niger (A) El Salvador (A) Sri Lanka (A) Nigeria (A) Grenada (A) Europe and Central Asia Rwanda (A) Guatemala (A) Sub-Saharan Africa São Tomé and Príncipe (A) Albania (A) Guyana (A) Senegal (A) Armenia (A) Haiti (A) Angola (A) Sierra Leone (A) Azerbaijan (A) Honduras (A) Benin (A) Somalia (A) Belarus (A) Jamaica (A) Botswana (A) South Africa (A) Bosnia and Herzegovinaa (A) Mexico (A) Burkina Faso (A) Sudan (P) Bulgaria (A) Nicaragua (A) Burundi (A) Tanzania (A) Georgia (A) Panama (A) Cabo Verde (A) Togo (A) Kazakhstan (A) Paraguay (A) Cameroon (A) Uganda (A) Kosovo (A) Peru (A) Central African Republic (A) Zambia (A) Kyrgyz Republic (A) St. Lucia (A) Chad (P) Zimbabwe (A) Moldova (A) St. Vincent and the Grenadines (A) Comoros (A) Montenegro (A) Venezuela, RB (A) Congo, Dem. Rep. (A) North Macedonia (A) Congo, Rep. (A) Romania (A) Middle East and North Africa Côte d’Ivoire (A) Russian Federation (P) Algeria (A) Eritrea (E) Serbiaa,b (A) Djibouti (A) Note: Letters in parenthesis indicate DRS reporters’ status: (A) as reported, (P) preliminary, and (E) estimated. The status “as reported” indicates that the country was fully current in its reporting under the DRS and that World Bank staff are satisfied that the reported data give an adequate and fair representation of the country’s total public debt. “Preliminary” data are based on reported or collected information, but because of incompleteness or other reasons, an element of staff estimation is included. “Estimated” data indicate that countries are not current in their reporting and that a significant element of staff estimation has been necessary in producing the data tables. a. For Bosnia and Herzegovina, total debt before 1999, excluding IBRD and IMF obligations and short-term debt, is included under Serbia. b. Data prior to 2006 include Montenegro. 187 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 2 Income Groups Low-income countries Middle-income countries Unclassified Afghanistan Albania Eswatini Nigeria Venezuela, RB Burkina Faso Algeria Fiji North Macedonia Burundi Angola Gabon Pakistan Central African Republic Argentina Georgia Panama Chad Armenia Ghana Papua New Guinea Congo, Dem. Rep. Azerbaijan Grenada Paraguay Eritrea Bangladesh Guatemala Peru Ethiopia Belarus Guyana Philippines Gambia, The Belize Haiti Romania Guinea Benin Honduras Russian Federation Guinea-Bissau Bhutan India Samoa Liberia Bolivia Indonesia São Tomé and Príncipe Madagascar Bosnia and Herzegovina Iran, Islamic Rep. Senegal Malawi Botswana Jamaica Serbia Mali Brazil Jordan Solomon Islands Mozambique Bulgaria Kazakhstan South Africa Niger Cabo Verde Kenya Sri Lanka Rwanda Cambodia Kosovo St. Lucia Sierra Leone Cameroon Kyrgyz Republic St. Vincent and the Grenadines Somalia China Lao PDR Tajikistan Sudan Colombia Lebanon Tanzania Syrian Arab Republic Comoros Lesotho Thailand Togo Congo, Rep. Maldives Timor-Leste Uganda Costa Rica Mauritania Tonga Yemen, Rep. Côte d’Ivoire Mauritius Tunisia Djibouti Mexico Turkey Dominica Moldova Turkmenistan Dominican Republic Mongolia Ukraine Ecuador Montenegro Uzbekistan Egypt, Arab Rep. Morocco Vanuatu El Salvador Myanmar Vietnam Nepal Zambia Nicaragua Zimbabwe Note: Low-income countries are those with a GNI per capita of $1,045 or less in 2020. Middle-income countries are those with a GNI per capita equal to or more than $1,046 but equal to or less than $12,695. Italicized countries are IDA-only countries as of July 1, 2021; IDA-only excludes blend and IBRD countries. Venezuela, according to the World Bank FY2022 income classification owing to a lack of available data. Thus, Venezuela, RB has been excluded from the ag- RB is unclassified ­ gregate data. 188 Glossary Debtor Reporting System (DRS) debt, the face value of the debt bought back will be recorded as a decline in stock outstanding of Bilateral official creditors are official agencies long-term debt, and the cash amount received by that make loans on behalf of one government to creditors will be recorded as a principal repay- another government or to public (and, in some ment. For example, if a country buys back long- cases, private) borrowers in another country. term external debt of face value B at a price P, then long-term external debt will decline by Bonds are debt instruments issued by public and B, and principal repayment will increase by P. publicly guaranteed or private debtors with dura- The ­difference between the price at which the debt tions of one year or longer. Bonds usually give was bought back and the face value is recorded as the holder the unconditional right to fixed money a debt stock write-off (the related transactions are income or contractually determined, variable money not separately identified in the International Debt income. Statistics [IDS] publication but are available in the Commitments of public and publicly guaranteed online database). debt constitute the total amount of new long-term Debt forgiveness grants include both debts can- loans to public sector borrowers or borrowers celed by agreement between debtor and creditor with a public sector guarantee extended by official and reductions in the net present value of official and private lenders and for which contracts were nonconcessional loans resulting from concessional signed in the year specified. rescheduling or refinancing. Data are recorded on Concessional debt conveys information about the a disbursement basis and include debt forgiveness borrower’s receipt of aid from official lenders at ­ reditors. from bilateral and multilateral c concessional terms as defined by the World Bank, Debt outstanding and disbursed is the value at that is, loans with an original grant element of year’s end of long-term external debt owed by 35 percent or more. Loans from major regional public and publicly guaranteed debtors and pri- development banks—African Development Bank, vate nonguaranteed debtors. Asian ­Development Bank, and the Inter-American Development Bank—are classified as concessional Debt restructurings are revisions to debt service according the World Bank classification. obligations agreed on by creditors and debtors. Such agreements change the amount and timing of Contractual obligations on outstanding long-term future principal and interest payments. external debt are the anticipated debt service pay- ments on long-term external debt contracted up to Debt service to exports is the ratio of the sum of December 31 of the reporting year. principal repayments and interest paid on total long-term debt (public and publicly guaranteed Debt buyback is the repurchase by a debtor of debt and private nonguaranteed debt) to the value its own debt, either at a discount price or at of exports of goods and services and receipts of par value. In the event of a buyback of long-term primary income from abroad. 189 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 2 Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI) took Grace period is the time between the date on effect on May 1, 2020, and allowed 73 eligible which a loan is committed and the date on which countries to apply for a temporary suspension of the first principal payment is due. The informa- debt-service payments owed to official bilateral tion presented in International Debt Statistics is creditors. The suspension period, originally set the average grace period on all public and publicly to end on December 31, 2020, has been extended guaranteed debt committed during the specified through December 2021. period. Debt stock-flow reconciliation shows the indica- Grants are legally binding commitments that tors that affect the change in debt stocks from one obligate a specific value of funds available for dis- ­ period to the next. bursement for which there is no payment require- ment. They include debt forgiveness grants and Disbursements are drawings during the year speci- grants from bilateral and multilateral agencies (such fied on loan commitments contracted by the bor- as the International Development A ­ ssociation). rower. Gross national income (GNI) is the sum of value Exports of goods, services, and primary income added by all resident producers, plus any product constitute the total value of exports of goods and taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation services, and primary income. of output, plus net receipts of primary income External debt flows are debt-related transactions compensation of employees and property income during the year specified. They include disburse- from abroad. Yearly average exchange rates are ments, principal repayments, and interest payments. used to convert GNI from local currency to U.S. dollars. External debt stocks comprise public and publicly guaranteed long-term external debt, private non- Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) Initiative guaranteed long-term external debt, use of IMF is a program of the World Bank and the Interna- credit, and short-term external debt, including tional Monetary Fund (IMF) to provide debt relief interest arrears on long-term debt. to qualifying countries with unsustainable debt burdens. External debt stocks to exports is the ratio of out- standing external debt to the value of exports of Imports of goods, services, and primary income goods and services and receipts of primary income constitute the total value of goods and services from abroad. imported and income payable to nonresidents. Interest arrears on long-term debt are interest pay- External debt stocks to GNI is the ratio of out- ments due but not paid, shown on a cumulative standing external debt to gross national income. basis. Foreign direct investment refers to direct invest- Interest arrears are due and payable immediately ment equity flows in the reporting economy. It is and are therefore regarded as short-term obliga- the sum of equity capital, reinvestment earnings, tions. Thus, an increase in interest arrears on and other capital. Direct investment is a category long-term debt will be recorded as an increase in of cross-border investment associated with a resi- short-term debt. Interest in arrears on the use of dent in one economy having control or a signifi- IMF credit is also considered to be part of short- cant degree of influence on the management of an term external debt. enterprise that is resident in another economy. Ownership of 10 percent or more of the ordinary Interest payments are the amounts of interest paid shares or voting stock is the criterion for determin- in foreign currency, goods, or services in the year ing the existence of a direct investment relationship. specified. Government sector debt consists of all external Interest rate is the interest rate applicable to a debt obligations of all levels of the departments, loan commitment as specified in the loan contract. branches, agencies, foundations, institutes, non- The information presented in International Debt market and non-profit institutions controlled by Statistics is the average interest on all public and the government, and other publicly controlled publicly guaranteed debt committed during the organizations engaging in non-market activities. specified period. 190 G l o s s a r y IMF charges are the amounts of interest paid in IMF flows. Since 1985, the calculation includes foreign currency in the year specified for transac- the change in stock of short-term debt (excluding tions with the IMF. interest arrears on long-term external debt). IMF purchases are the total drawings on the Official creditors are governments or other general resources account of the IMF during the bilateral public entities, such as export-import year specified, excluding drawings in the reserve agencies, development agencies, and multilateral tranche. financial institutions, such as the World Bank and regional development banks. IMF repurchases are the amounts of principal (amortization) paid in foreign currency in the year Personal transfers and compensation of specified for transactions with the IMF. ­employees is the sum of personal transfers and compensation of employees. Personal transfers International reserves constitute the sum of a consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind country’s monetary authority’s holdings of special made or received by resident households to or drawing rights, its reserve position in the IMF, its from nonresident households. Personal trans- holdings of foreign exchange, and its holdings of fers thus include all current transfers between gold (valued at year-end London prices). ­ resident and nonresident individuals. Compensa- Long-term external debt is debt that has an origi- tion of employees refers to the income of border, nal or extended maturity of more than one year seasonal, and other short-term workers who are and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of employed in an economy where they are not resi- an economy and is repayable in foreign currency, dent and of residents employed by nonresident goods, or services. entities. Maturity is the date on which the final principal Portfolio equity is the category of international repayment on a loan is due. It is the sum of the investment that covers investment in equity securi- grace and repayment periods. The information ties. Equity securities include shares, stocks, par- presented in International Debt Statistics is the ticipation, or similar documents (such as American average maturity on all public and publicly guar- Depositary Receipts) that usually denote owner- anteed debt committed during the specified period. ship of equity. Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI) is a Present value of debt outstanding is the nominal program of the World Bank, the IMF, the Inter- value of all future debt service obligations on American Development Bank, and the African existing debt discounted at prevailing market Development Bank that provides additional debt rates of interest. The interest rates used in this relief to countries that have completed the HIPC calculation are the Commercial Interest Reference process. Rates (CIRR) for each relevant currency compiled and published by the Organisation for Economic Multilateral official creditors are official agencies ­ Co-operation and Development. owned or governed by more than one country that provide loan financing. They include international Primary income on FDI are payments of direct financial institutions such as the World Bank, investment income (debit side), which consist of regional development banks, and other intergov- income on equity (dividends, branch profits, and ernmental agencies. reinvested earnings) and income on the intercom- pany debt (interest). Multilateral to external debt stocks is the ratio of the stock of debt owed to multilateral creditors to Principal arrears on long-term debt are principal total external debt. repayments due but not paid on long-term exter- nal debt, shown on a cumulative basis. Net flows on external debt are disbursements on long-term external debt and IMF purchases minus Principal repayments are the amounts of principal principal repayments on long-term external debt (amortization) paid in foreign currency, goods, or and IMF repurchases. Up to 1984, this calcula- services in the year specified with respect to long- tion included only long-term external debt and term external debt. 191 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 2 Private creditors are bondholders, commercial Short-term to external debt stock ratio is the ratio banks, and other trade-related lenders. of short-term external debt to total outstanding external debt. Private nonguaranteed debt is debt owed by pri- vate sector borrowers to external creditors on Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) refer to an interna- loans that do not benefit from a public sector tional reserve asset that was created by the IMF in guarantee by the debtor country. 1969 to supplement its member countries’ official reserves. The value of SDRs is based on a basket Public and publicly guaranteed debt outstanding and of four key international currencies: the U.S. dol- disbursed is the value of debt at year’s end of public lar, the pound sterling, the Japanese yen, and the sector borrowers, or borrowers with a public sector euro. In addition to playing a role as a supple- guarantee, owed to official and private ­lenders. mentary reserve asset, SDRs serve as the unit of Public and publicly guaranteed external debt account for the IMF and some other international comprises public debt (an external obligation of organizations. a public debtor, such as the national government or agency, a political subdivision or agency, or an Technical cooperation grants include (a) free- autonomous public body) and publicly guaranteed standing technical cooperation grants, which are external debt (an external obligation of a private intended to finance the transfer of technical and debtor that is guaranteed for repayment by a managerial skills or of technology for the purpose ­public entity). of building up general national capacity without reference to any specific investment projects, Public debt is an external obligation of a public and (b) investment-related technical coopera- debtor, including all levels of government, state- tion grants, which are aimed at strengthening the owned enterprises, public corporations, develop- capacity to execute specific investment projects. ment banks, and any other autonomous public bodies of government. Total amount forgiven is the total amount of princi- pal and interest due, principal and interest in arrears, Publicly guaranteed debt is an external obligation and debt stock forgiven in the year specified. of a private debtor that is guaranteed for repay- ment by a public entity. Total amount rescheduled is the total amount of external debt rescheduled, including principal and Reserves to external debt stocks is the ratio of interest due, principal and interest in arrears, charges, international reserves to outstanding external debt. penalties, and debt stock in the year specified. Reserves to imports (months) is the ratio of inter- Total change in external debt stocks is the differ- national reserves to the value of imports of goods, ence in the external debt stock between two con- services, and primary income in the year shown secutive years. and is expressed in months: Use of IMF credit denotes members’ drawings on Reserves the IMF other than amounts drawn against the Imports/12 country’s reserve tranche position. Use of IMF credit includes purchases and drawings under Short-term external debt has an original m ­ aturity Stand-By, Extended, Structural Adjustment, of one year or less. Available data permit no Enhanced Structural Adjustment, and Systemic ­ distinction among public, publicly guaranteed, Transformation Facility Arrangements as well as and private nonguaranteed short-term external trust fund loans. SDR allocations are also included debt. in this category. 192 ECO-AUDIT Environmental Benefits Statement The World Bank Group is committed to reducing its environmental footprint. In support of this commitment, we leverage electronic publishing options and print-on-demand technology, which is located in regional hubs worldwide. Together, these initiatives enable print runs to be lowered and shipping distances decreased, resulting in reduced paper consumption, chemical use, greenhouse gas emissions, and waste. We follow the recommended standards for paper use set by the Green Press Initiative. The majority of our books are printed on Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)–certified paper, with nearly all containing 50–100 percent recycled content. The recycled fiber in our book paper is either unbleached or bleached using totally chlorine-free (TCF), processed chlorine–free (PCF), or enhanced elemental chlorine– free (EECF) processes. More information about the Bank’s environmental philosophy can be found at http://www.worldbank.org/corporateresponsibility. International Debt Statistics (IDS), a long- for each country; (4) one-page summaries per standing annual publication of the World Bank, country, plus global, regional, and income group features external debt statistics and analysis aggregates showing debt stocks and flows, rel- for the 123 low- and middle-income countries evant debt indicators, and metadata for six that report to the World Bank Debtor Reporting years (2010 and 2016–20); and (5) a user guide ­System. IDS 2022 includes (1) an overview ana- describing the tables and content, definitions and lyzing global trends in debt stocks of and debt rationale for the country and income groupings flows to low- and middle-income countries within used in the report, data notes, and information the framework of aggregate capital flows (debt about additional resources and comprehensive and equity); (2) an evaluation of the volume of datasets available to users online. debt service deferred through the Debt Service Unique in its coverage of the important trends Suspension Initiative (DSSI) in 2020 and the and issues fundamental to the financing of 2021 extension for participating eligible coun- low- and middle-income countries, IDS 2022 tries, as well as borrowing trends and debt ser- is an indispensable resource for governments, vice costs for DSSI-eligible countries that did not economists, investors, financial consultants, participate in the initiative; (3) tables and charts academics, bankers, and the entire development detailing debtor and creditor composition of debt community. For more information on IDS 2022 stock and flows, terms of new commitments, and and related products, please visit the World maturity structure of future debt service pay- datacatalog​ Bank’s Data Catalog at https://­ ments and debt burdens, measured in relation ­.worldbank.org/dataset/international-debt​ to gross national income and export earnings -statistics. ISBN 978-1-4648-1800-4 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 USA Telephone: (202) 477-1234 Website: data.worldbank.org Email: data@worldbank.org SKU 211800