REPUBLIC OF SOUTH SUDAN MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY (MAFS) SAFETY NET AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (SNSDP) Environmental and Social Management Plan for Public Works Activities in Juba February 2018 Executive Summary A total of 38 subprojects located in 15 quarter councils have been screened in a participatory manner. The methods and tools used included: (i) checklist for Environmental and Social Screening,; (ii) review of various reports from Action Africa Help International (AAH) and the Project Implementation Unit (PIU); (iii) the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF); (iv) Focus Group Discussions (FGDs); (v) Key Informant Interviews (KII); (vi) direct deduction from observations made during field visits by staff at PIU; and (vii) geo-referencing of all subproject sites using the Geographic Positioning System (GPS). The community embraces the project activities as evidenced from beneficiary enrollment which is partly attributed to the level of vulnerability in the community. In addition, there was overwhelming support from the local leadership, many of whom provide project oversight function on behalf of government and the communities. Generally, most of the project area is characterized by sandy loam soils with clay loam soils found in areas such as Gudele. The soils are highly erodible and the topography is composed of gently sloping hills separated by U-shaped valleys criss-crossed with both permanent and seasonal streams which occasionally flood during the rainy seasons because of the areas high water table. The climate is typical of the dry tropics and temperatures are high during the dry seasons but drop significantly in wet seasons. There is generally poor investment in waste management by the government exacerbated by limited sensitization of the community on waste disposal and minimization which has translated into littering of all over the project area. The major likely environmental and social impacts include soil erosion which is anticipated from clearing road reserves and widening of roads within the project area. Others impacts include occupational safety and health risk of the beneficiaries such as accidents and injuries associated with the use of sharp tools. Communicable diseases such as TB, cholera, typhoid, HIV/AIDS and pneumonia associated with clustering of people in one area may gain impetus during implementation. In addition, project beneficiaries face the challenge of tetanus attack if they have open wounds considering the activities involved. Project activities have also the potential of causing social upheavals, hence disrupting the area existential social order triggered by quarrels, rumor mongering, sexual advances, alcoholism and fights among the beneficiaries. However, most of the anticipated impacts are localized and manageable at community level but failure of which can translate into cumulative effects with long term residual impacts. A number of mitigation measures have been proposed in order to prevent/ minimize or avoid the anticipated impacts. These include: use of scour checks to minimize soil erosion; composting of organic wastes for use as soil amendments in home gardens; use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) during project activities; limiting soil exposure to agents of erosion; promotion of reduction and reuse of plastics waste; as well as sensitization of the project beneficiaries on sound environment management. All of this is coupled with strengthening of: grievance redress mechanism (GRM) formats for a monitoring plan; site inspection reports; grievance registers; and forms for referral of grievances all agreed to with major stakeholders are included in this report. This is further augmented by availability of education materials to sensitize the beneficiaries and leaders on environmental and social cross cutting issues associated with project operation. The cost of implementing this ESMP is estimated at USD 13,000, exclusive of the cost of PPE, which is budgeted under materials and tools. 2 LIST OF ACRONYMS AAH Action Africa Help International BDC Boma Development Committee CSTs Community Supervision Team ESMF Environmental and Social Management Plan ESMP Environmental and Social Management plan FGDs Focus Group Discussions GPS Geographic Positioning System GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism IEC Information Education and Communication KII Key Informant Interviews LULUCF Land use, Land use Change and Forestry MAFS Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security MDC Municipality Development Committee OSH Occupational Safety and Health PIU Project Implementation Unit PPE Personal Protection Equipment PWD Persons with Disabilities QCDC . Quarter Council Development Committee QCs Quarter Councils SNDSP Safety Net and Skills Development Project SP Sub-projects SWM Solid Waste Management 3 Definition of Key Terms Screening: Systematic Process of Identifying and Assessing Environmental and Social impacts of a project in order to put in place mitigation measures. Grievance: A complaint or dissatisfaction Referral: Forwarding a grievance for redress at a higher level Environment: Natural World of both biophysical and social-economic surroundings Ecosystem: An ecological unit of animals and plants interacting with the physical environment Flora: Plants Fauna: Animals Habitat: A home or place where plants and animals live. Cattle Corridor: Area characterized by little rains stretching from south western Uganda through North western Uganda into South Sudan and are mainly inhabited by cattle keepers Wetland: Areas permanently or seasonally flooded by water where plants and animals have become adapted; and include swamps, dams, areas of marsh, peat land, mountain bogs, banks of rivers, vegetation, areas of impeded drainage, or blackish salt. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................ 2 Definition of Key Terms ......................................................................................................................... 4 1.0 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 SCREENING METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................... 6 1.2 ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ........................................................... 7 1.3 .SUBPROJECT AND BENEFICIARY SELECTION ................................................................................ 7 1.4 DISTRIBUTION OF SUBPROJECTS ................................................................................................... 7 1.5 TREE PLANTING AND GARBAGE COLLECTION ............................................................................... 8 1.6 BIOPHYSICAL AND SOCIAL ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECT AREAS. .................... 8 1.6.1. Topography and hydrology .................................................................................................. 8 1.6.2. Soils: ..................................................................................................................................... 8 1.6.3. Flora and fauna.................................................................................................................... 9 1.6.4. Population ............................................................................................................................ 9 1.6.5. Climate ................................................................................................................................. 9 1.7 DESCRIPTION OF SELECTED SITES ................................................................................................. 9 1.7.1 Gbongoroki Quarter Council ................................................................................................ 9 1.7.2 Hai Game and Hai Commercial Quarter Council .............................................................. 10 1.7.3 Gudele Block 4 .................................................................................................................... 11 1.7.4 Hai Kosti ............................................................................................................................. 12 1.7.5 Hai Gabat ............................................................................................................................ 13 1.7.6 Gudele Block 6 .................................................................................................................... 14 1.7.7 Hai Seminary ....................................................................................................................... 15 1.7.8 Hai Zendia ........................................................................................................................... 16 2.0 Findings from Stakeholder Consultations, FGDs and Observations .............................................. 18 2.1 Potential impacts and proposed mitigation measures ..................................................................... 18 3.0 Socio-Economic Baseline of the Project Area ................................................................................ 22 3.2 Grievance Redress Mechanism ................................................................................................ 27 3.2.1 Definition......................................................................................................................... 27 3.2.2 Benefits of a grievance redress mechanism..................................................................... 27 3.3.3 Procedure for GRM......................................................................................................... 27 4.0 Monitoring Plan .............................................................................................................................. 31 5.0 Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................................................... 35 Annexes ................................................................................................................................................ 36 ANNEX 1.SITE MONITORING AND INSPECTION REPORT FORMAT ...................................................... 36 ANNEX 2: MONTHLY MONITORING REPORT FORMAT (WITH EXAMPLES)....................................... 37 ANNEX 3: GRIEVANCE REFERRAL FORM........................................................................................... 39 ANNEX 4: NORMS FOR BENEFICIARIES ............................................................................................. 40 ANNEX 5: CHECKLIST FOR ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL SCREENING .............................................. 41 ANNEX 6: AHHI COSTED ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN. ................................ 43 5 1.0 Introduction The Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (MAFS) has commenced implementing the Public Works Component under the Safety Net and Skills Development Project (SNSDP) in Juba City following suspension of the same in October 2016. The project is funded by World Bank with counter funding from the Government of South Sudan. The project activities are coordinated by the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) under the Ministry. Action Africa Help International (AAHI) is the implementing partner (IP) for this component; AAHI works closely with relevant Government structures at all levels. The project aims at providing improving livelihoods of youth, women and other vulnerable members of society that come from poor households through seasonal cash transfer linked to participation in public works. This is aimed at increasing sustain households in terms of basic needs. This report is combined with the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the 15 quarter councils where public works activities are carried out. The report provides an overview of the environmental and social aspects of the proposed development, and identifies and assesses the environmental and social impacts associated with project operation in addition to defining the requisite mitigation measures. In line with the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF), it proposes mitigation measures and outlines the path to operationalize an ESMP and a monitoring plan, highlighting tools to be used in implementing the mitigation measures, and monitor daily progress. Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) in this report outlines the structures as well as tools to be used in fostering social harmony during project implementation. 1.1 Screening methodology Screening is a participatory exercise between the major project stakeholders such as the PIU staff, the consultants and the implementing partner (AAHI). All the subprojects have been rescreened capturing changes in the social dynamics and environmental integrity following the war that broke out in South Sudan in 2016. A standard screening form was used to identify the environmental and social impacts. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and interviews with key informant were conducted in addition to review of extent literature and reports related to the project. Direct observations were also used to supplement other information gathering tools. 6 The data from the screening forms, focus group discussions and key informant interviews was collated and analyzed to identify possible mitigation measures. A matrix of the summarized impacts was drawn and through a peer review with the PIU, QCs and AAH mitigation measures were identified and an environment and social management plan drawn. A validation meeting for the ESMP was arranged between PIU and AAH for harmonization and to enable the IP to develop an action plan. Using the ESMP, a monitoring plan was made. 1.2 Assessment of environmental and social impacts The identified impacts were rated based on the overall significance as negligible, minor, moderate or major, based on magnitude of impact. The impacts include both biophysical and social-economic. 1.3 .Subproject and beneficiary selection The subprojects and beneficiaries were selected in a participatory manner, using a criteria consented by and with involvement of all major stakeholders including the implementing partner (IP), communities, Quarter Councils (QCs) and PIU. 1.4 Distribution of subprojects Table 1: Showing the distribution of subprojects per quarter council Summary of sub- projects(SPs) Assessed Name of SPs No. Distribution per block and Quarter council SPs Juba( 3 QCs) Kator(6 QCs) Munuki( 6 QCs) Road 15 Hai Game and Atlabara A,Hai Kosti, Gudele 4 ,Gudele 6, Yes rehabilitation/ commercial, Jabrona, Mijiki, Hai Seminary, Hai maintenance Hai Jendia, Lologo 1,Gbogoroki Mouna,Nyakroun Hai Gabat West, Nyakroun South Tree planting 12 Hai Game and Atlabara A, Hai Gudele 6, Hai No as PIU commercial Kosti, Jabrona, Seminary, Gudele 4, and AAH Mijiki, Lologo 1, Hai Mouna, have not Gbogoroki Nyakroun West, agreed on Nyakroun South specific sites Maintenance 8 Hai Game and Atlabara A, Hai Hai Mouna Yes of the commercial, Hai Kosti, Jabrona, catchment Gabat, Mijiki, Lologo 1, water Gbogoroki drainage 7 Routine 3 Hai Game and Lologo 1 N/A Yes maintenance/ commercial, Hai cleaning of Gabat, public facilities 1.5 Tree planting and garbage collection As illustrated in the table above, tree planting has been selected by 12 quarter councils based on previous experience, where there were challenges with this subproject. The PIU and IP agreed to halt site selection until a proper analysis is done and therefore no screening was done. With regard to garbage collection, it was not among the subprojects approved by PIU. However, it was noted that the activities of the project namely, clearing of drainage channels, slashing and cleaning of public facilities will lead to generation of wastes especially plastic wastes whose disposal has been integrated into the sub-project activities. 1.6 Biophysical and social economic characteristics of the project areas The 15 selected quarter councils where the subprojects are being implemented have almost similar biophysical and socio-economic conditions with slight differences depending on the level of economic activities and topography as illustrated below; 1.6.1. Topography and hydrology All the sites have gentle sloping hills with U-shaped valleys in which seasonal and permanent streams or river flow. During rainy season, the seasonal streams get flooded and sometimes wash away people’s property into the valleys up to River Nile which is a major challenge to the project implementation. The area hydrology is influenced by River Nile and the Rock formations in the area. There are several channels that flow in and out of the River Nile within the subproject sites hence making the area access to water very easy. 1.6.2. Soils The soils are largely sandy with parches of clay loam noted in Gudele and Hai Gabat. Clayey sandy soils are also observed in the foot slopes, while clay and peat are found in the valleys sandy. On hill ridges, the soils are rocky with rocky protrusions seen on the hill tops. The soils are however fertile but highly erodible with signs of erosion (galleys) seen many along the land scape. 8 1.6.3. Flora and fauna Natural vegetation is evident along the Nile but species richness and abundance declining gradually due to increasing anthropogenic factors which have increasingly threatened the survival of these natural habitats due to timber harvest and expansion of human habit. The long stretch of wetland vegetation surrounding Juba City similarly faces the same anthropogenic threats due to expansion of human settlement. 1.6.4. Population The population is cosmopolitan in nature with the indigenous cultural groups forming the highest percentage. The culture and traditions of the local people are strongly evidenced by communal living and the traditional dressing code. 1.6.5. Climate The climate is typical of the cattle corridor but is highly influenced by the River Nile. This can be demonstrated by the fact that as you move away from the Nile; the vegetation tends to change from green forest ecosystems to shrubs and grass. 1.7 Description of selected sites Some sites have been described to give a general picture of the Bio-physical and social- economic characteristics of the subproject sites as they show some degree of homogeneity. All the 15 Quarter councils have subprojects but few have been sampled to illustrate the baseline conditions. 1.7.1 Gbongoroki Quarter Council The immediate surroundings of the selected roads are mainly residential buildings with a few commercial buildings. Some sections of the proposed sites selected for various activities are located near seasonal stream. During screening, the stream was highly saturated with significant water flowing through it and activities of the subprojects, if not well handled, could lead to contamination of the water. Secondly there is also a primary school (Polti Primary school) near the stream whose activities also can pollute the water. 9 One of the roads to be worked on Primary school 022: Latitude: 4.8354819696 Longitude: 31.5752019826) 023: Latitude: 4.8346270155 Longitude: 31.5764529817 024: Latitude: 4.829854° Longitude: 31.572736025: Latitude: 4.8321449663 Longitude: 31.5756410267 Figure 1: One of the roads to be worked on 1.7.2 Hai Game and Hai Commercial Quarter Council The proposed activities in Hai Game quarter council include rehabilitation of the road that connects Hai Game to Hai Commercial. The road also lies adjacent to a school and residential buildings. It comprises of two sections one located in Hai Game while the other one is located in Hai Commercial. The two sections of the road are separated by a seasonal stream. At the time of the screening exercise, the seasonal stream had some little water flowing since it was a rainy season and therefore the sub-projects activities will be handled with care to ensure the water flow is neither contaminated nor blocked. 10 Burning of solid wastes is rampant .It poses health risks and climate change Google image A section of the road to worked on that connects Hai Game to Hai Commercial 030: Latitude: 4.846085°Longitude: 31.597468° 031: Latitude: 4.846085°Longitude: 31.597468° 032: Latitude: 4.846060°Longitude: 31.598573 033: Latitude: 4.846154°Longitude: 31.599324° Road now being worked on Figure 2 Selected roads in Hai Gemi and Hai Commercial 1.7.3 Gudele Block 4 The proposed activities to be implemented in Gudele block 4 are rehabilitation of 3 roads each measuring approximately 1km. The three roads to be rehabilitated by the project are characterized by light vehicle traffic since the area is predominantly a residential area with temporary, semi-permanent and permanent structures most of which are in perimeter fences (Bamboo and concrete for some). It is relatively flat and consultations with some of the residents in this area indicated that the area always floods during the rainy seasons. Most home-steads have back yard gardens with vegetables and okra for domestic consumption. Home gardening is therefore an important land use activity both within the fences and along the road reserves. It is recommended that efforts be made to enhance productivity in home gardens as part of the sustainability and livelihood improvement strategies. In addition, due to the low laying terrain the area is prone to flooding and all the road works will ensure that measures are put in place to ensure water flow is not diverted nor contaminated. 11 Satellite image 035: Latitude: 4.87902604 Longitude : 31.54819499 037: Latitude: 4.8854429740 Longitude : 31.5458410140 (Low-lying section of road 1) A section of the road Figure 3: A section of the road in Gudele 4 1.7.4 Hai Kosti One of the drainage channels to be rehabilitated is located on a very busy road with heavy vehicles that normally park on this road while loading/offloading merchandise destined to several locations countrywide. Other drainage channels are located on less busy access roads from residential homesteads. The roads to be rehabilitated within Hai Kosti are the inner roads in the quarter council that have minimal traffic considering the rocky nature of this area. Hai Kosti is located in one of the busiest commercial locations within Juba. It borders with Konyokonyo market one of the biggest markets in Juba. Although there are residential homesteads in the area, there are several other commercial establishments such as wholesale and retail business, motor vehicle repair workshops and hotels. The area comprises of temporary buildings, semi-permanent buildings and permanent buildings. These building are enclosed in fences made from bamboo, iron sheets or brick walls. Due to the sloping terrain of the area and sandy soils, the area is prone to soil erosion and mitigation measures will be put in place to minimize washing away the soils. 12 Hai Kosti satellite image 040: Latitude: 4.836144° Longitude: 31.606653° (starting point for road 1) 042: Latitude: 4.836144° Longitude: One of the selected roads 31.606653° (end point for road 2 Selected storm channel One of the selected channels Figure 4: Location of the selection site showing baseline conditions 1.7.5 Hai Gabat The proposed activities to be implemented in Hai Gabat include rehabilitation of the community access road within the quarter council. The area slants gently towards the wetland that borders with Juba International Airport and River Nile wetland ecosystems. The immediate surroundings of the area where the project is to be implemented comprises of mainly temporary and semi – permanent residential buildings. The area is also located near a wetland that stretches to Juba International Airport and River Nile. 13 Satellite image 010: Latitude: 4.857958° Longitude: 31.611436° (Road 1 start Point) 012: Latitude: 4.857958° Longitude: 31.611436° (Road 2 end point) Hai Gabat is near a wetland and Air port.Burning of solid wastes is common here One of the roads to be worked on Figure 5: Project location in Hai Gabat 1.7.6 Gudele Block 6 The activities selected to be implemented in Gudele Block 6 include rehabilitation of 3 roads within the quarter council, establishment of drainage channels along the selected roads. All the three roads to be rehabilitated are characterized by very light traffic that comprises of mainly residents of this area. The area and the rest of Gudele is a flat terrain that normally floods during the rainy season. The immediate surroundings of the proposed roads to be rehabilitated include mainly temporary, semi-permanent and permanent residential buildings. Most of the buildings are enclosed in bamboo or brick fences. There was a storied building that houses Kampala Prime Junior Academy (a primary school) and a football pitch located adjacent one of the roads that is to be rehabilitated. 14 Satellite image 068: Latitude: 4.8818179686 Longitude : 31.5649150405 (Road 2 start point) 069: Latitude: 4.8815489933 Longitude : 31.5658949688 (Road 1 start point) 070: Latitude: 4.8821249977 Longitude : 31.5639500320 (Road 3 start point) 071: Latitude: 4.8730510008 Longitude : 31.5626260266 (Road 2 end point) 072: Latitude: 4.8729090113 Longitude : 31.5633180365 (Road 1 start point) 073: Latitude: 4.8733639810 Longitude : 31.5616569947 (Road 3 end point) Figure 6: Gudele Block 6 satellite image. 1.7.7 Hai Seminary The proposed activities to be implemented in Hai Seminary include rehabilitation of 4 access roads in the quarter council. Each of four the selected roads in the quarter council joins the main tarmac road connecting Juba city to the rest of Gudele. The roads are characterized with very light traffic comprising of mainly light weight vehicles and motor cycles. Hai Seminary is predominantly a residential area comprising of mainly temporary, semi-permanent and permanent building structures most of which are used for accommodation purposes and a few used for commercial purposes. All the buildings are enclosed in either bamboo or brick wall fences. Hai Seminary has a relatively flat terrain but borders with a temporary stream in the eastern boundary towards Hai Tarawa. 15 Satellite image of Hai Seminary 075: Latitude: 4.8613149952 Longitude : 31.5667650104 (Road 1 start point) 076: Latitude: 4.8607529886 Longitude : 31.5678440128 (Road 2 start point) .Selected coordinates One of the roads to be worked on Figure 7: Hai Seminary; Geog.Coordinates and one of the roads to work on 1.7.8 Hai Zendia The area is characterized by temporary residential buildings that were constructed with iron sheet. There are also semi-permanent and permanent buildings that are used for residential and commercial purposes. The area neighbors with the Episcopal Church of South Sudan in the northern neighborhood and Buluku Basic Primary School in the eastern neighborhood. The southern neighborhood comprises of a seasonal stream which serves as the border between Jendia and Hai Kosti. The area slopes gently towards the seasonal stream in the southern direction. 16 One of the roads selected Satellite image of Jendiasubproject location 104 Latitude: 4.847588036 Longitude : 31.59317597 (Road 1 start point) 105 Latitude: 4.8477229849 Longitude : 31.5919249691 (Road 2 start point) 106 Latitude: 4.8454880342 Longitude : 31.5918930341 (Road 2 end point) 107 Latitude: 4.8451980203 Longitude : 31.5933949873 (Road 1 End point) Figure 8: Location of subprojects in Jendia 17 2.0 Findings from Stakeholder Consultations, FGDs and Observations 2.1 Potential impacts and proposed mitigation measures Generally, most of the project area is characterized by sandy loam soils with clay loam soils found in areas such as Gudele. The soils are highly erodible and the topography is composed of gently sloping hills separated by U-shaped valleys criss-crossed with both permanent and seasonal streams which occasionally flood during the rainy seasons because of the areas high water table. The road works on steep slopes may lead to soil erosion as a result making the soils loose and leaving them bare where slashing. In addition, during cleaning of draining channels, solid wastes will be generated and there will be need to dispose them appropriately During field investigation quarter council authorities of project sites were consulted in addition to project beneficiaries. There was consensus among the stakeholders that project implementations will go a long way in alleviating the lack of essential necessities in the vulnerable households. This was demonstrated by the high enrollment of the beneficiaries. Central to the project popularity was income to project beneficiary community participating in the project in addition to the other benefits such as improving the existing road network, creating a hygienic environment through cleaning public facilities collection of garbage from the community and acquiring skills in labor based road works. When consulted on the expected challenges, they expressed optimism that the benefits outweigh the challenges. Some of the likey challenges identified included: Lack of equity during subproject and beneficiary selection, late payments, misusing the money earned by engaging in risky behaviors like alcoholism, conflicts during work, corruption, accidents, rumor mongering and disruption of the project by political instability. The communities and stakeholders elaborated that the following measures will be used to handle the social issues: Awareness creation, using clear targeting criteria, constant monitoring, follow up of households that are benefiting from the project, instilling discipline among the beneficiaries, and involvement of all stakeholders. 2.2 Environment Management Plan (EMP): The EMP is in line with the filed finings and is summarized in the table 1 below: 18 Table 1: Table showing the impacts and proposed mitigation measures Environme Nature of impact Area affected Activities for Assessment of Proposed Resourc Estimated Respo Time ntal issue i.e. land, water, the impact impact (Mi- mitigation es Cost/Indicati nsible frame and air, or Minor, Mo- measures needed ve cost/by perso period of socio/economic Moderate and Ma- IP/USD n implement , flora and Major) ation fauna Mi Mo Ma Soil erosion Gullies, washing land Slashing, Scour Sticks, 3000 AAHI/ During away soil, Bare soils,water,air desilting checks stones PIU/Q implementa rock/Soils, silting drainage and C tion ,blocking channels ropes channels and digging, Where AAHI/ During carrying away possible PIU/Q implementa property Plant C tion shrubs or Where grass or possible shed trees Tree and on road fruit reserves, seedling minimize s clearing of vegetation with a hoe but slash 19 Environme Nature of impact Area affected Activities for Assessment of Proposed Resourc Estimated Respo Time ntal issue i.e. land, water, the impact impact (Mi- mitigation es Cost/Indicati nsibleframe and air, or Minor, Mo- measures needed ve cost/by perso period of socio/economic Moderate and Ma- IP/USD n implement , flora and Major) ation Biodiversity Loss of fauna air and Land, Slashing, Minimize 3000 AAHI/ During biodiversity water desilting clearing of PIU/Q implementa drainage vegetation C tion channels with a hoe digging, but slash, Grass, trampling where shrubs possible seedling plant grass s, and or and shrubs tree or seedling ornamental s where plants on possible road reserves, sensitizatio n Littering of Bad smell, Water, air, Slashing, Sorting;co old 3000 AAHI, During solid wastes infections, ugly channels, road desilting mpositing,r sacks, PIU,C implementa scenery, reserves, drainage euse of pits, ST tion deterioration of undeveloped channels bottles(pac land and water plots, digging. king water quality, blockage and drip of pipes/drainage irrigation), channels use light 20 Environme Nature of impact Area affected Activities for Assessment of Proposed Resourc Estimated Respo Time ntal issue i.e. land, water, the impact impact (Mi- mitigation es Cost/Indicati nsible frame and air, or Minor, Mo- measures needed ve cost/by perso period of socio/economic Moderate and Ma- IP/USD n implement , flora and Major) ation fauna polytherene as pothole filling material, Slashing, IEC Engage QC 1000 AAHI, During desilting materi on solid PIU,C implementa drainage als and waste ST tion channels brochu manageme digging, res nt and where community possibl sensitizatio e n. Slashing, No IEC 3000 AAHI, During desilting dumping in material PIU,C implementa drainage wetland s ST tion channels digging, Total budget 10,000 21 3.0 Socio-Economic Baseline of the Project Area The current population of South Sudan is estimated at 12,765,970 based on the latest United Nations estimates and is equivalent to 0.17% of the world population and ranks number 76 with a population density of about 21 per Km2 (53 people per mi2). The total land area is 610,952 Km2 (235,890 sq. miles) where 19.7 % of the population is urban (2,481,364 people in 2017) and the median age in South Sudan is 18.7 years. Despite an abundance of natural resources, including large oil deposits, South Sudan remains one of the poorest countries in the world. More than 90 percent of the population lives on less than a dollar a day. The situation is particularly difficult for youth with limited education, young females, as well as those living outside of urban centers. Lack of basic infrastructure, systemic tribal clashes, a fractured government, poor educational systems, the heavy dependence on international aid, and crippling gender norms are among some of the factors that thwart young people in their pursuit of social and economic development. The lack of educational and economic opportunities for youth, fragile markets, and weak governance are the legacy of a protracted conflict with Sudan and continued political uncertainty within the new nation. This uneducated, unskilled and underutilized population of young people, combined with politically motivated ethnic tensions, threatens to prolong conflict in South Sudan and further isolate its young people from pursuing productive and non-violent futures. Juba is located within the southern part of South Sudan in the midst of vast expanses of open space, including swamplands and agrarian landscapes. City officials estimate that Juba proper occupies a 12-kilometer area in diameter from the center of town (approximately 11,300 hectares). Greater Juba, including the surrounding rural lands, encompasses roughly 100 kilometers in diameter and is comprised of three sub-area districts: Juba, Kator, and Munuki. Currently, Juba’s total population is comprised of approximately 250,000 inhabitants that are a mixture of all ethnic groups Findings from the screening exercise in section 2.0 outlined a number of social impacts that may arise in the project area. These impacts have a close link with the socio-economic dynamics as outlined. In this regard, a social management plan (SMP) has been prepared as summarized in table 2. 22 Table 2: Social Management plan (Summary of Impacts and how they will be mitigated) Social Issue Nature of Area affected Activities for Assessment of Proposed Resourc Estimated Respo Time Impacts the impact impact(Mi- Minor, mitigation es cost.(SSP) nsible frame Mo-Moderate and measures needed perso Ma-Major) n MI MO MA Occupationa Injuries, loss of socio-economic Improper use Provide Material Integrated AAH/ Daily basis l safety and man hours, or lack of PPE appropriate s for into the PIU/Q Health infections, and human PPE, signage, budget for C increased medical error Continuous (PPE tools and bills reminder to already materials. use PPE, factored use of in the signage, budget) continuous supervision (GRM) Social ills Social disorder, socio-economic Beneficiary, Education IEC 1000 AAHI/ Daily basis stress, conflict, subprojects of the Material PIU/Q derailment of selection and public on s C work, implementatio selection disintegration of n criteria families and loss of man-hours 23 Social Issue Nature of Area affected Activities for Assessment of Proposed Resourc Estimated Respo Time Impacts the impact impact(Mi- Minor, mitigation es cost.(SSP) nsible frame Mo-Moderate and measures needed perso Ma-Major) n loss of tools socio-economic Storage of Clear N/A N/A AAHI/ Daily basis tools and guidelines PIU/Q beneficiary and C selection consistent supervision Strong GRM, Obtaining money Leaders taking Beneficiary Education N/A N/A AAHI/ Daily basis by false pretense advantage of the selection and on PIU/Q from beneficiaries beneficiaries work days beneficiary C by leaders and promising computation selection favours with payment. Destruction of socio-economic Slashing Minimize N/A N/A AAHI/ Daily basis property like desilting of or avoid PIU/Q crops drainage unless with C channels and explicit desilting permission in writinStron g GRM g, 24 Social Issue Nature of Area affected Activities for Assessment of Proposed Resourc Estimated Respo Time Impacts the impact impact(Mi- Minor, mitigation es cost.(SSP) nsible frame Mo-Moderate and measures needed perso Ma-Major) n Quarrelling, socio-economic Lack of stick to N/A N/A AAHI/ Daily basis physical assault Equity guidelines, PIU/Q and use of especially be gender C abusive language beneficiary sensitive, and give subproject feedback selection ,transparen cy and involvemen t(Strong GRM) Sexual socio-economic Sharing of Adherence N/A N/A AAHI/ Daily basis harassment and tasks to Ethical PIU/Q Gender Based code of C Violence conduct and sensitizatio n(Norms) Sexual socio-economic Utilization of 1.Build IEC 2000 AAHI/ Daily basis harassment and money earned capacity to Material PIU/Q Gender Based from the handle s C Violence project GBV and Sexual harassment 2. 25 Social Issue Nature of Area affected Activities for Assessment of Proposed Resourc Estimated Respo Time Impacts the impact impact(Mi- Minor, mitigation es cost.(SSP) nsible frame Mo-Moderate and measures needed perso Ma-Major) n Provision for anonymous reporting. Loss of socio-economic Appeals Quarter N/A N/A AAHI/ Daily basis motivation committee counsels be PIU/Q sittings and counseled C supervision and if by QCs possible explore ways of motivation( Strong GRM) late payment socio-economic Submission of Timely N/A N/A AAHI/ Daily basis leading to reports to payment PIU/Q complaints and PIU/Alpha and C denying the Bank and appropriate beneficiaries World Bank communica timely access to tion the much needed (Strong basic needs. GRM) 26 3.2 Grievance Redress Mechanism 3.2.1 Definition • A grievance redress mechanism is a locally based, formalized way to accept, assess, and resolve community feedback or complaints • The project that involves many people is likely to trigger complaints arising out of a number of issues. • It’s worse in communities affected by political instability and with high rates of vulnerability. • Grievances can occur at any stage of project implementation 3.2.2 Benefits of a grievance redress mechanism • Improve project outcomes at lower cost: GRMs focus on corrective actions to resolve identified implementation concerns before they escalate to the point of harm or conflict, allowing solutions to be implemented quickly and at a relatively low cost. • Help to prioritize supervision: Using citizen feedback, GRMs are a channel for early warning, helping to target supervision to where it is most needed. • Identify systemic issues: As part of a management system, GRMs can be used to identify some systemic implementation issues and trends that need to be addressed. • Promote accountability: Because most GRMs rely to some degree on local people and institutions, an effective GRM can help improve local ownership of development projects. 3.3.3 Procedure for GRM It is in line with the Government establishment from community to National levels as provided for in the project document and organogram shown below: 27 Figure 9 Organogram showing GRM structures up to Municipality MCT BDCs QACs GRMs Sec of QAC AAHI/PIU Handli QCDCs ng CSTs Proced Group Leaders ures Community iMCT-Municipality Core Team; BDC-Boma Development Committee; QACs-Quarter Council Appeal Committees; CSTs- Community Advisory Teams; PIU-Project Implementation Unit. 28 The GRM has the following characteristics and these will be used to assess its effectiveness as shown in the table below: Parameter Measures to ensure effectiveness Has a systematic way of recording and monitoring the Templates were developed progress or resolution of issues for recording grievances by established appeals committees Provides equitable access for Affected Persons(Aps) to Routine visits to information, advice, and expertise communities and engagement on pertinent issues Is known to the public and affected persons(APs) with At Group level there is different levels to allow for appeals leadership and at Quarter council level there are appeals committees. Has a reasonable time frame that prevents grievances from Appeals committees sits dragging on unresolved every 14 days to handle cases referred to them Evidences social and cultural appropriateness of the systems, One of the core values is approaches, and methods adopted respect for cultural diversity. Shows transparency, accountability, and objectivity in GRM is linked to conducting grievance redress processes and realizing their Government establishment outcomes with checks and balances. Is independent and has a clear governance structure with no Clear Governance external interference with the conduct of grievance redress procedures were set up to processes and reaching agreements ensure all grievances are resolved. Shows clarity in procedures, processes, and time frames Clear procedures were set up adopted on handling grievances. Is run by professionally and technically competent grievance PIU, implementing partner redress mechanism implementers who have been able to win and quarter councils selected trust and recognition from the communities competent personnel on the grievance redress mechanism structures. Norms /DOS and DON’T s that are enforceable fairly At group level, norms to (Annex 5) regulate the conduct of the beneficiaries were put in place. These norms are enforced on a daily basis. 29 Categories of grievance recorded and resolved Analysis of grievances recorded in Sept and October 2017 showed 16 different categories of complaints raised as shown in charts below. 30 4.0 Monitoring Plan Enviro Nature of impact Area Activities for Proposed mitigation Measurable Means of Responsibl time nment affected i.e. the impact measures and verifiable verification e person frame al and land, water, indicators/MV /MoV social air, flora I issue and fauna, Economic or social. Soil Gullies, washing away land Slashing, Scour checks -Number of Field Visits PIU/Public Biweekl erosion soil, Bare rock/Soils, ,soils,water,a desilting Scour Checks and review works y silting ,blocking ir drainage of Engineers specialist/A channels and carrying channels reports AHI away property digging, Where possible Plant -Number of Field Visits PIU/Enviro Biweekl shrubs or grass or shed trees or grass or and review nment and y trees on road shrubs planted of social reserves,minimise -Area cleared of Environmen safeguards clearing of vegetation vegetation t officers specialist/A with a hoe but slash reports AHI Biodive Loss of biodiversity Land ,air and Slashing, Minimize clearing of -Estimated area Field Visits PIU/Enviro Biweekl rsity water desilting vegetation with a hoe planted with and review nment and y drainage but slash, where grass or shrubs of social channels possible plant grass and -Estimated area Environmen safeguards digging, shrubs or ornamental slashed and or t officers specialist/A trampling plants on road cleared with a reports AHI reserves, sensitization hoe 31 Enviro Nature of impact Area Activities for Proposed mitigation Measurable Means of Responsibl time nment affected i.e. the impact measures and verifiable verification e person frame al and land, water, indicators/MV /MoV social air, flora I issue and fauna, Litterin Bad smell, infections, Water, Economic air, or Slashing, Sorting; composting, -Number of Field Visits PIU/Enviro Biweekl g of ugly scenery, channels, social. desilting reuse of bottles compost, and review nment and y solid deterioration of land road drainage (packing water and drip irrigation of social wastes and water quality, reserves, channels irrigation), use light demos set up Environmen safeguards blockage of undeveloped digging. polytherene as pothole -Number of IEC t Officers specialist/A pipes/drainage plots, filling material materials given reports AHI channels out. Slashing, Engage QC on solid -Number of desilting waste management and people with drainage community sorted solid channels sensitization. wastes digging, Slashing, No dumping in wetland desilting drainage channels digging, Occupa injuries, loss of socio- Improper use or Provide appropriate -Number of Field Visits PIU/Enviro Biweekl tional manhours, infections, economic lack of PPE and PPE, Continuous people using and review nment and y safety increased medical bills human error reminder to use PPE, PPE of social and use of signage, -No. of people Environmen safeguards Health continuous supervision injured t Officers specialist/A (GRM) -IEC materials reports AHI given out 32 Enviro Nature of impact Area Activities for Proposed mitigation Measurable Means of Responsibl time nment affected i.e. the impact measures and verifiable verification e person frame al and land, water, indicators/MV /MoV social air, flora I issue and fauna, Economic or -No. of briefing social. sessions on OSH. Social Social disorder, stress, socio- Beneficiary, Open discussion and -No. of cases -Field visits PIU/AAHI/ Daily ills/Gri conflict, derailment of economic subprojects avoid clique recorded and Appeals basis evances work, disintegration of selection and formation(Ref.GRM) -No. of cases observations committees families and loss of implementation handled and -Review AAHI man-hours reported on Focus group -No. of cases discussions , not handled and of the Obtaining money by socio- Storage of tools Clear guidelines and forwarded. appeals false pretence and loss economic and beneficiary consistent -Number of committee of tools selection supervision(Ref.GRM) trainings to minutes and Destruction of socio- Slashing Minimize or avoid team leaders. reports property like crops economic desilting of unless with explicit -No of -Interviews drainage permission in sensitization with key channels and writing(Ref.GRM) sessions. informants desilting -Number of Quarrelling, Physical socio- Lack of Equity stick to guidelines, be beneficiaries assault and use of economic especially gender sensitive, give that are aware abusive language beneficiary and feedback, transparency of the work subproject and involvement norms. selection (Ref.GRM) -Number of 33 Enviro Nature of impact Area Activities for Proposed mitigation Measurable Means of Responsibl time nment affected i.e. the impact measures and verifiable verification e person frame al and land, water, indicators/MV /MoV social air, flora I issue and fauna, Sexual harassment Economic or Sharing of tasks socio- Adherence to Ethical quarter council economic social. code of conduct and leaders who are sensitization(Norms) aware of the Loss of motivation socio- Appeals Quarter counsels be work norms. economic committee counseled and if sittings and possible explore ways supervision by of motivation(GRM) QCs late payment socio- Submission of Timely payment and economic reports to appropriate PIU/Alpha Bank communication(Ref.G and World Bank RM) 34 5.0 Conclusions and Recommendations The project will go along away in mitigating the vulnerability and therefore improve the people’s livelihoods. It will also promote community coherence but issues of long term impacts need to be given a thought in order to reduce the possibilities of the dependency syndrome. Overall, most project activities do not have significant environmental and social issues because of the scope of subprojects and adjacent environmental and social setup. Most of the impacts are manageable and localized in nature. However, the effects of these activities can have cumulative effects since the number of people involved is big in a small area. Secondly; emphasis should be laid soil erosion control considering the fragility of soils in project area. It’s also important that project activities are mindful of water conservation since given the water stress-ness of the area. There is also low investment in solid waste management by government and absence of community effort to minimize or properly dispose of solid waste. This has resulted into littering particularly of plastic waste in the drainage and other open areas, and because of the limited environmentally friendly options for management of solid wastes, burning is a common practice yet it is dangerous to human health and also contributes to the predisposing factors of climate change. Therefore, in line with the ESMP and in addition to the proposed mitigation measures, the following recommendations are made; • Intensify the campaign against burning of plastic wastes • There is need to think of productive subprojects in order to strengthen the safety nets for purposes of sustainability and minimizing the dependency syndrome and explore the possibilities of scaling up the project as this project is the one that can meet the immediate needs of the vulnerable people. 35 Annexes Annex 1.Site monitoring and inspection report format 1. Name of project ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………… 2. Person in charge of Environment and social safeguards issues/Foreman or team leader/Community Mobiliser Name…………………………………………………………….…………………… ……………Designation……………………………………………………………… ……… Tel. contact and Email ……………..………………………………………………………Date……………… ……………………………………………………………….. 3. Location/Boma/Payam/County/State 4. Biophysical characteristics of the area e.g. soils, topography, landscape 5. List land use, Land use change and Forestry (LULUCF) Activities Environmental Nature of Planned Status of /Social issue impact and mitigation implementation/Deviations/and causative measures action taken or advice given activities Reported (Name and Title) by…………………………………………………………Signature………………… ……………………………………Date………………… Reviewed (Name and Title) by…………………………………………………………Signature………………… …………………………………...Date………………… 36 Annex 2: Monthly Monitoring Report Format (With examples) Date of Reporting … Nature of Status of Remarks/Deviations impact and Proposed implementation and actions taken Environment cause of mitigation of mitigation /Social issue impacts measures measures Reported by (Name and Title) …………… Signature……………Date……………… Reviewed by (Name and Title) …………………………… Signature……………Date……………… 37 Annex 3: Grievance Register Date Complainant Category of Grievance settled or not. If settled details/Name grievance what solution and if not settled and /Record pass to next level using referral identification Grievance form No. in summary Compiled by (Name and Title) ………………………………… Signature……………………………Date…… Reviewed (Name and Title) by……………………………… Signature………………………………Date……… 38 Annex 4: Grievance referral form To…………………………………………………….. Date……………………………………………….. Part A; Personal details Name…………………………………………………Gender………………………… ……… ID.No……………………………………………Location…………………………… … Part B; Details of Grievance Part C; Decision taking Proposed solution by the Decision taken/and why complainant rejected/Accepted Name and signature of complainant…………………… Signature………………Date………………………… Referred Name and Title by……………………………………………………… Signature……………………….Date…………………… 39 Annex 5: Norms for beneficiaries 1) The core values are: Love, care, team work, respect and discipline which shall be strictly observed by all beneficiaries. 2) Unbecoming behavior namely: late coming, Drunkardness, Quarrelling, fighting, bad mouthing, verbal/ nonverbal insults and sexual abuse are prohibited. 3) Complaints/GRM: shall be channeled as follows: 4) Beneficiary Group leader CSTs/ QC appeal committee BDC MDC 5) Consideration for special categories will be as follows: 6) Mothers will not carry babies on their backs while working 7) Sick persons, elderly, PWDs and pregnant mothers will be given light work with a working daily time length not exceeding 3 hours. 8) Only Children in the age bracket of 1-3 years will be allowed to come with their mothers and will be provided with a shed under the care of a selected “special category beneficiary’’. 9) Care for project assets: There will be both Collective and individual responsibility for the project assets to avoid vandalisation and loss. 10) Only adults of 18 and above years of age are allowed to work. 11) Reporting for duty and working hours; 12) Working hours are four but three for special categories 13) No absenteeism without permission 14) Financial discipline. 15) CSTs and QCDCs shall conduct regular beneficiary follow up visits to households to ensure that cash benefits are correctly used as per business plan i.e. spending on essentials only. 16) Each beneficiary to present a simple business plan of how the money will be utilized in the Household 17) Commitment to the Norms: CSTs/ QCDCs shall ensure compliance by the beneficiaries. 40 Annex 6: Checklist for Environmental & Social screening 1.0 Background Information 1a Name of County 1b Name of Monitoring officer 1c Subproject location (Payam & Boma) 1d Approx size of land/feddans available for the project 1e Activities/enterprises undertaken 1f Baseline information Topography Hydrology(Water); Rivers/Lakes etc Soils Vegetation Fauna/Animals Socio-economic activities); Including public infrastructure & settlements Cultural heritage 2.0 Environmental Issues Will the subproject/activity: Yes No 2a Create a risk of increased soil degradation or erosion? 2b Affect soil salinity and alkalinity? 2c Divert the water resource from its natural course/location? Cause pollution of aquatic ecosystems of aquatic ecosystems by sedimentation 2d and agrochemicals? 2e Introduce exotic plants and animals? 2f Involve drainage of wetlands and other permanently flooded areas? Cause poor water drainage and increase the risk of water-related diseases such 2g as malaria? 2h Reduce the quantity of water for the downstream users? 2i Result in the lowering of groundwater level or depletion of groundwater? Create waste that could adversely affect local soils, vegetation, rivers and 2j streams or ground water? If the answer to any of the above is ‘yes’, there will be need to include an EMP with subproject/activity application 3.0 Socio-economic issues Will the subproject/activity: Yes No 3a Displace people from their current settlement? 3b Interfere with normal health and safety of the worker/employee? 3c Reduce the employment opportunities for the surrounding communities? 3d Reduce settlement? 3e Reduce income for the local communities? 3f Increase exposure of the community to HIV/AIDS? 4.0 Natural Habitats Will the subproject/activity: Yes No Be located within or near environmentally sensitive areas (e.g. intact natural 4a forests, wetlands) or threatened species? 4b Adversely affect environmentally sensitive areas or critical habitats? 4c Affect indigenous biodiversity (flora and fauna)? Cause any loss or degradation of any natural habitats, either directly (through 4d project activities) or indirectly? 4e Does the project affect the aesthetic quality of the landscape? Does the subproject reduce people’s access to the pasture, water, public services 4f or other resources that they depend on? 41 4g Increase human –wildlife conflicts? If the answer to any of the above is ‘yes’, there will be need to include an EMP with subproject/activity application 5.0 Pesticides, fertilizers and agricultural chemicals Will the subproject/activity: Yes No Involve the use of pesticides, fertilizers or other agricultural chemicals, or 5a increase existing use? 5b Cause the contamination of water courses by chemicals and pesticides? 5c Cause the contamination of soil by agrochemicals and pesticides? If the answer to any of the above is ‘yes’, there will be need to prepare an IPM P for the subproject/activity application 6.0 Indigenous Peoples Are there: Yes No 6a Indigenous groups living within the boundaries of, or near the project? Members of these indigenous groups in the area who could benefit from the 6b project? If the answer to any of the above is ‘yes’, there will be need to prepare an Indigenous Peoples Plan (IPP) for the subproject/activity application 7.0 Land acquisition and access to Resources Will the sub-project: Yes No Require that land (public or private) be required (temporarily or permanently) 7a for its development? Use land that is currently occupied or regularly used for productive purposes 7b (e.g. gardening, farming, pasture, fishing locations, forests) 7c Displace individuals, families or businesses? 7d Result in temporary or permanent loss of crops and fruit trees? Adversely affect small communal cultural property such as funeral and burial 7e sites, or sacred groves? Result in involuntary restriction of access by people to legally designated parks 7f and protected areas? If the answer to any of the above is ‘yes’, there will be need to prepare an Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the subproject/activity application 42 Annex 7: AAH-I Costed Environment and Social Management plan. AAH-I Costed Environment and Social management plan (ESMP) Enviro Nature of Area affected Activities for Assessment Proposed resources Estim Res Time nment impact i.e. land, the impact of impact mitigation needed ated pon frame al and water, (Mi- measures Cost/I sibl and social air, Minor,Mo- ndicati e period of issue or Moderate and ve pers impleme socio/economic, Ma-Major) cost/b on ntation flora and fauna Mi Mo Ma y IP Soil Gullies, land, soils, water, Slashing, desilting Scour checks Sticks, stones $4500 AAH During erosion washing away air drainage channels and ropes I/PIU implementa soil, Bare digging, /QC tion rock/Soils, Where possible $3000 AAH During silting, Plant shrubs or I/PIU implementa blocking grass (hedging) or /QC tion channels and Where possible shed trees on road carrying Tree and fruit reserves, minimise away seedlings clearing of property vegetation with a hoe but slash 43 Biodive Loss of Land ,air and Slashing, desilting Minimize clearing $3000 AAH During rsity biodiversity water drainage channels of vegetation with I/PIU implementa digging, trampling a hoe but slash, /QC tion Grass, shrubs where possible seedlings, and plant grass and or tree shrubs or seedlings where ornamental plants possible on road reserves, sensitization Litterin Bad smell Water, air, Slashing, desilting Sorting;compositin old sacks, pits, $7500 AAH During g of ,infections, channels, road drainage channels g,reuse of I,PIU implementa solid ugly scenery, reserves, digging. bottles(packing ,CST tion wastes deterioration undeveloped plots, water and drip of land and irrigation),use light water quality, polytherene as blockage of pothole filling pipes/drainag material, e channels Slashing, desilting Engage QC on IEC materials AAH During drainage channels solid waste and brochures I,PIU implementa digging, management and where possible ,CST tion community sensitization. Slashing, desilting No dumping in IEC materials AAH During drainage channels wetland I,PIU implementa digging, ,CST tion 44 Occupa injuries, loss socio-economic Improper use or Provide Materials for Budget AAH Daily basis tional of manhours, lack of PPE and appropriate PPE, signage ,(PPE ed /PIU/ safety infections, human error Continuous already factored under QC and increased reminder to use in the budget) tools Health medical bills PPE, use of and signage, equipm continuous ent supervision(GRM) Social Social socio-economic Beneficiary, Open discussion Not N/A AAH Daily basis ills disorder, subprojects and avoid clique applicable(N/A) I/PIU stress, selection and formation(Ref.GR /QC conflict, implementation M) derailment of work, disintegratio n of families and loss of man-hours , Obtaining socio-economic Storage of tools Clear guidelines N/A N/A AAH Daily basis money by and beneficiary and consistent I/PIU false selection supervision(Ref.G /QC pretense and RM) loss of tools socio-economic Slashing desilting N/A N/A AAH Daily basis of drainage Minimize or avoid I/PIU Destruction channels and unless with explicit /QC of property desilting permission in like crops writing (Ref.GRM) 45 Quarrelling, socio-economic Lack of Equity stick to guidelines, N/A N/A AAH Daily basis Physical especially be gender I/PIU assault and beneficiary and sensitive, give /QC use of subproject feedback abusive selection ,transparency and language involvement(Ref.G RM) socio-economic Adherence to N/A N/A AAH Daily basis Ethical code of I/PIU conduct and /QC Sexual sensitization harassment Sharing of tasks (Norms) socio-economic Appeals Quarter counsels N/A N/A AAH Daily basis committee sittings be counseled and I/PIU and supervision by if possible explore /QC Loss of QCs ways of motivation motivation(GRM) socio-economic Submission of Timely payment N/A N/A AAH Daily basis reports to and appropriate I/PIU PIU/Alpha Bank communication /QC late payment and World Bank (Ref.GRM) 46