SFG1010 V3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL POLICY & PROCEDURES Volume I April 2015 POWER AND ELECTRICITY DEPARTMENT GOVERNMENT OF MIZORAM Contents Section Title Page No. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i- xl 1. Project Context 1 1.1 State Specific Details- Mizoram 2 2. Environment and Social Context - Mizoram 5 2.1 Approach/ Methodology 6 2.2 Consultation/Participation 6 2.3 Structure of the Report 7 3. Mizoram –An Overview 8 4. Stakeholder Analysis 17 5. Issues, Impacts and Management Measures - Social 20 5.1 Social Issues and Impacts 20 5.2 Management Framework 20 5.3 Principles 21 5.4 Definition 21 5.5 Legal and Regulatory Framework 28 5.6 Mitigation Measures 35 5.7 Health and Safety Requirements 41 5.8 Exposure to Electro Magnetic Fields (EMF) 41 5.9 General Safety Standards 41 6. Issues, Impacts and Management Measures - Environment 42 6.1 Environment Issues and Impacts 42 6.2 Principles 44 6.3 Definition 44 6.4 Legal and Regulatory Framework 45 6.5 Assessment of Environmental Impact 49 6.6 Management Framework 50 Integration of environment and social management measures into overall 53 7. project cycle 8. Implementation Arrangement 76 8.1 Administrative Arrangement for Project Implementation 76 8.2 Review of Project Implementation Progress 76 Implementation Arrangement for Environment & Social Management by 77 8.3 PEDM 9. Training & Capacity Building 84 10. Grievance Redressal Mechanism (GRM) 88 11. Monitoring & Evaluation 90 12. Budget 94 List of Tables Table No. Title 1.1 Summary of subprojects in Tranche- I under NERPSIP 3.1 Administrative Setup in Mizoram 3.2 Demographic Profile 3.3 Land Use Pattern 3.4 District-wise Forest Cover 3.5 List of Protected Areas 3.6 Wetlands of Mizoram 4.1 Key Stakeholders and their Expectations/Issues 5.1 Management Measures to Address Potential Social Issues 5.2 Legal and Regulatory Provisions – Social 5.3 Analysis of Requirements under WB Policy (OP 4.12) and RFCTLARR Act, 2013 5.4 Land Availability for Substation 5.5 Compensation and R&R Entitlement Framework for Land Acquisition 5.6 Entitlement Matrix for CPTD 6.1 RoW Clearance between Conductors and Trees 6.2 Legal and Regulatory Provisions – Environment 6.3 Potential Environmental Issues and Management Measures Environmental and Social Assessment & Management Process of a Typical T& 7.1 D Project 7.2 PEDM’s Risk Responsibility Framework Responsibility Allocation Framework for the E & S Assessment & Management 8.1 Process 9.1 PEDM’s Skill Requirement 9.2 Staff Development Program 11.1 Monitoring of mitigation measures under ESPP List of Figures Figure No. Title 1.1 Power Map of Mizoram 5.1 Activity Chart of RFCTLARRA, 2013 6.1 Approval Process of Forest Clearance 7.1 Project Cycle of a Typical Transmission/Distribution Project 7.2 Environmental and Social Management Procedures 8.1. Implementation Arrangement for Environment and Social Management by PEDM 10.1 Flow Chart showing Grievance Redressal Mechanism List of Annexures Annexure Title No. 1 Comprehensive Details of Mizoram 2 Mizoram Investment Plan under NERPSIP (GoI & World Bank Funding) 3 Social Management Framework (SMF) Salient Features of the Right to fair compensation and Transparency in Land 4 Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Act, 2013 (RFCTLARRA, 2013) 5 Salient Features of the Electricity Act, 2003 Tree/Crop/Tower Footing Compensation Process (other than Forest Land 6 Compensation) 7 Health and Safety Checklist 8 Regulations for measures relating to Safety and Electric Supply 9 Right of Way/Width (RoW) in Forest 10 Forest Clearance Process 10a Online Submission and Monitoring of Forests Clearances Proposals (OSMFCP) 11 Environment Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 12 Form –8 for Disposal of Batteries Hazardous Waste(Management, Handling & Transboundary Movement) Rule, 2008 13 notification dated 24th Sept.’ 2008 14 Form-2 for Maintaining Records of E-Waste Handled / Generated Pro-forma for Environment and Social details for Transmission Line and Sub- 15 Stations 16 Format for details of Sites identified for Sub-Stations 17 Form of Safety Plan to be submitted by the Contractor 18 Checklist for Inspection of Transmission Lines and Sub-Station 19 Sample ToR for Bio-diversity Assessment 20 Contents of Initial Environment Assessment Report (IEAR) 21 Contents of Compensation Plan for Temporary Damages (CPTD) 22 Contents of Final Environment Assessment Report (FEAR) 23 PEDM’s Public Consultation Process Abbreviations ACGIH American Conference on Government and Industrial Hygiene ADB Asian Development Bank ADC Autonomous District Council AMI Automated Metering Infrastructure APDRP Accelerated Power Development and Reform Program ARR Annual Revenue Requirement CADC Chakma Autonomous District Council CEA Central Electric Authority CF Conservator of Forests CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CPTD Compensation Plan for Temporary Damages DC Deputy Commissioner DFO Divisional Forest Officer DL Distribution Line DM District Magistrate DoP Department of Power DPR Detailed Project Report DTs Distribution Transformers E&F Environment & Forest EA Electricity Act EAMP Environment Assessment Management Plan EEE Electrical and Electronic Equipment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMF Electro Magnetic Fields EPA Environment Protection Act ESMC Environment and Social Management Cell ESPP Environment and Social Policy and Procedures FAC Forest Advisory Committee FEAR Final Environment Assessment Report GHG Green House Gas GoM Govt. of Mizoram GRC Grievance Redressal Committee GRM Grievance/ Redressal Mechanism GSDP Gross State Domestic Product ICNIRP International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection IEAR Initial Environment Assessment Report IEE Initial Environment Examination JERC Joint Electricity Regulatory Commission LAA Land Acquisition Act LADC Lai Autonomous District Council LSC Land Settlement Certificate MADC Mara Autonomous District Council MDoNER Ministry for Development of North East Region MIS Management Information System MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forests NCR National Council on Radiation NEC North East Council NEP National Environment Policy NLCPR Non-lapsable Central Pool of Resources NLUP New Land Use Policy NOC No Objection Certificate NPV Net Present Value O&M Operation and Maintenance ODS Ozone Depleting Substances OSMFCP Online Submission and Monitoring of Forests Clearances Proposals PAF Project Affected Persons PCCF Principal Chief Conservator of Forests PEDM Power & Electricity Department of Mizoram PHE Public Health Engineering R&R Rehabilitation and Resettlement RAPDRP Restructured Accelerated Power Development Reform Programme RGGVY Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana RTI Right of Information SAG State Advisory Group SEZ Special Economic Zone SoI Survey of India SMF Social Management Framework SPCB State Pollution Control Board STLSG State Transmission Lines Standards and Guidelines T&D Transmission & Distribution TC Transmission Circle TL Transmission Line TPS Thermal Power Station WB World Bank EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. India's North East Region (NER) stretches across the eastern foothills of the Himalayan mountain range and is comprised of seven states including Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh and Tripura. Geographically the region is connected to the other parts of the country through a small “chicken neck” corridor in the State of West Bengal. With a total population of 45.6 million (2011 census), the sparsely populated NER accounts for about 3.7 percent of India’s total population and covers 7.9 percent of India’s total geographical area. The vast majority of the region’s population lives in rural areas, accounting for 82 percent of the total population as against compared to the national average of 69 percent (2011). A large part of the NER is hilly and, recognized as one of the globe’s biodiversity hotspots. Forests cover over 2/3rd of the area, twice exceeding the policy target of 33%. This sparsely populated region is characterized by extraordinary ethnic, cultural, religious and linguistic diversity, with more than 160 Scheduled Tribes (out of 630 in the country) comprising over 400 distinct sub tribal groups, and a large and diverse non-tribal population as well. 2. Regional Power Transmission and Distribution. The North Eastern Region (NER) in India is endowed with rich energy resources but faces significant bottlenecks in electricity access and availability levels. The per capita power consumption in NER is one-third of the national average. The region has a shortfall of about 500 MW installed capacity against peak demand of about 1950 MW. No significant generation capacity has been added in the recent past. Therefore, inadequate power supply continues a critical constraint to sustainable growth and economic development in the NER. Some states are generally not able to draw even their allocated share of power from the Central Generating Stations (CGS) through the grid due to poor/ inadequate intra/ interstate transmission and distribution network and no capacity addition towards transmission/distribution power system not done due to fund constraints. The transmission and distribution (T&D) losses are also drastically high (up to 50%) across most of the States as a large number of remote hilly areas are connected through long low tension lines, resulting in low voltages and poor quality of power at consumer end. While generation capacity addition of about 4000 MW program over present installed capacity is already underway, adequate transmission and distribution infrastructure to transmit and distribute this power to consumers within the North-Eastern States is the need of the day. Project Context 3. In order to create/ augment proper infrastructure of T&D in NER. Government of India (GoI) has formulated a “Composite scheme for transmission and distribution (T&D) in NER” capable of delivering adequate power to most consumers with reliability, aiming to improve the inter-state and intra-state transmission and sub-transmission infrastructure and reduce system losses in all the NER states. The Govt. of India (GoI) has approached the World Bank to provide US$ 1500 million of IBRD funding support to portion of the scheme “NER Power System Improvement Project (NERPSIP)” in three investment tranches each being US$ 500 million for strengthening, augmentation of the intra-state and interstate transmission and distribution schemes (33kV and above and above) and undertake capacity building initiatives across six NER States of Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Tripura and Nagaland for World Bank & GoI funding. Ministry of Power (MoP), GoI has appointed POWERGRID, as the Central Implementing Agency (IA) to the six North East States for the Project. However, the ownership of the assets shall be with the respective State Governments/ State Utilities, which upon progressive commissioning shall be handed over to them for taking care of Operation and Maintenance of Assets at their own cost. 4. The project’s first investment tranche would be implemented over a seven year period (2014 - 2021) and has two major components, namely: a) Priority investments for strengthening of intra-state transmission and distribution systems; b) Technical Assistance for Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building of power utilities and departments. 5. Mizoram. In the above background, Mizoram State, one of the states in NER, is contemplating major expansion and augmentation of its transmission & distribution network in near future by implementing projects with the help/grant from GoI and other Multilateral Funding Agencies like the World Bank and ADB. Given the unique socio-economic, cultural and environmental resources, Power & Electricity Department of Mizoram (PEDM) is committed to manage them highly sustainably. Towards this, plans have been made by PEDM to prepare an Environment and Social Policy and Procedures (ESPP) to serve as a guiding instrument. PEDM assimilates environmental and social management procedures into its corporate functioning and also layout management procedures and protocol to address them. It outlines PEDM's commitment to deal with environmental and social issues relating to its transmission & distribution projects with a framework for identification, assessment and management of environmental and social concerns at both organizational as well as project levels. For this, POWERGRID, with proven credentials in management of environmental and social issues of large number of power transmission projects both within and outside the country has been mandated to prepare an ESPP for PEDM. Thus, it enables PEDM; Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures ii  To establish clear procedures and methodologies for the environmental and social screening, planning, review, approval and implementation of subprojects to be financed under the Project;  To specify appropriate roles and responsibilities, and outline the necessary reporting procedures, for managing and monitoring environmental and social concerns related to sub- projects;  To determine the training, capacity building and technical assistance needed to successfully implement the provisions of the ESPP;  To ensure adequate financial provisions to meet the management measures to be undertaken to mitigate the impacts. PEDM also believes that the ESPP is dynamic and living document, which shall be further upgraded in light of the experiences gained from field implementation and other relevant factors while mainstreaming the environmental and social concerns in its corporate functioning. PEDM’s Environment & Social Policy Statement “PEDM commits itself to follow the goal of sustainable development through identification, assessment and management of social and environmental issues at both project planning and implementation stages with total transparency and introducing the state of art technologies by adhering to the basic principles of Avoidance, Minimization and Mitigation”. 6. The key principles of PEDM’s Environmental and Social Policy are:  Avoidance of environmentally and socially sensitive areas while planning project activities;  Minimization of impacts when project activities occur in environmentally and socially sensitive areas;  Mitigation of any unavoidable negative impacts arising out of its projects. Methodology & Approach 7. The ESPP has been prepared following a region/ state specific environmental and social assessments which involved generating information through both primary and secondary sources including consultations and library research. The methodology adopted to identify the potential environment and social impacts is based on experience gained from implementation of similar projects and baseline assessments of work activities anticipated in this proposed project. The methodology takes in to account wide range of receptors: Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures iii  Physical & chemical environment (e.g. water, soil, etc.);  Biological environment (forest, animals, birds, etc.); and  Communities, social groups and individuals (loss of land, loss of agricultural production, tribal, vulnerable groups (women and backward classes), socio-economic condition, health and safety risks). 8. The basic approach broadly involved following:  Review of environment & social baseline information from secondary sources;  Review of existing national & state specific legislations and policy and guidelines of multilateral agencies;  Review of project related documents; and  Stakeholders’ consultations. Consultation/ Participation 9. Consultations with key stakeholders including local, state, regional, central government entities and key ministries at the state level and central level as well as with World Bank officials were undertaken to know views and concerns about environmental and social issues/ concerns of the project. This activity ensured appropriate participation and gathering views from the environment and social perspective of all the stakeholders’ which is integrated in this ESPP to be adopted during different stages of the project implementation. Mizoram at a Glance 10. Geography and Governance: Mizoram is located in the north-eastern part of the country between 22o 19’ to 24o 19’ North latitudes and 92o 16’ to 93o 26’ East longitudes covering a geographical area of 21081 sq. km. It is a landlocked state surrounded by Myanmar in the east, Manipur and Assam in the north, Tripura and Bangladesh in the west and again Myanmar in the south. It has a total of 722 km international boundary with Myanmar (404 km) and Bangladesh (318 km). Geographically, it is 277 km from north to south, and 121 km from east to west with inter State boundary Assam (123 km), Tripura (277 km) and Manipur (95 km). The capital is Aizawl, in the north-central part of the State. The State is a storehouse of exotic flora and fauna and forests. The local flora and fauna bear a very close affinity and resemblance with the floral and faunal components of the Indo-Malayan and Indo-Chinese sub-regions. The State is located in the bio- Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures iv geographic zone of 9B-North-East hills and possesses an extremely rich bio-diversity. The hills here could be seen covered with bamboo and banana trees along with a wonderful array of pine trees. The forests here also house some of the rare varieties of orchids that are found only in this region of the country. About 90% of the area is under forest cover. About 94% of the population belongs to Schedule Tribes whose lives are intrinsically woven with that of the forests. 11. Mizoram has witnessed vast constitutional, political and administrative changes during the past years. The traditional chieftainship was abolished and the District and Regional Councils created under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India give a substantial measure of local control. The power and functions of the Council is mainly three viz., Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary. The purpose of establishing the Autonomous District Council (ADC) is to provide for internal autonomy to the tribal people inhabiting these areas, and protect their social, cultural and economic interests, through granting them administrative and legal authority as per constitution of India. Presently the Lais, Maras and Chakmas have separate autonomous District Councils. The Village Councils are the grassroots of democracy in Mizoram. There are three District Councils cover two administrative districts - Lawngthlai and Saiha. 1. Chakma Autonomous District Council (CADC) – Area 1500 Sq km. 2. Mara Autonomous District Council (MADC) – Area 1445 Sq. km 3. Lai Autonomous District Council (LADC) – Area 1,871 Sq.km 12. Demography: As per Census 2011, the state has a population of 1,091,014 comprising 50.63% male and 49.37% female populations. The sex ratio stands at 975 females per thousand male populations. The decadal growth of population was 22.78% during 2001-2011. The population in the age group of 0-6 years constitutes 15.36% of the total population. The Scheduled Caste population comprises 0.11%, whereas tribal population constitutes 94% of the total population. The population density is 52 persons/ sq. km as compared to 382 persons/ sq. km at national level (Census 2011). The literacy rate (91.58%) of Mizoram is one of the highest in the country (against All India figure of 74 %). 13. Forests and Protected Areas: Forest is an integral part of the culture and tradition of Mizoram as its existence maintains the ecology of the State. Forest covers 19,054 sq. km. that is 90.38% of the State’s geographical area. In terms of forest canopy density classes, the State has 138.00 sq. km. very dense forest, 5900 sq.km. moderately dense forest and 13,016 sq. km. open forest. The recorded forest area of the State is 16,717. sq. km. Reserve Forest constitute 7909 sq. km, Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures v Protected Forests constitute 3568 sq. km and un-classed forests constitute 5240 sq. km of the total Forest Area. 14. Mizoram has 10 protected area, out of which 2 are National Park (NP), 1 Tiger Reserve and remaining 7 are Wildlife Sanctuaries (WLS) covering an area of 1240.75 sq. km, which is 5.88% of total geographical area. Lists of protected area including its size, location are presented in Table 1 below; Table - 1 : List of Protected Areas Sl. No. Name of Protected Areas Area in sq.km. District 1 Murlen National Park 100 Champhai 2 Phawngpui National Park 50 Lawngtlai 3 Dampa Tiger Reserve 500 Mamit 4 Ngengpui Wildlife Sanctuary 110 Lawngtlai 5 Khawnglung Wildlife Sanctuary 35.75 Lunglei 6 Lengteng Wildlife Sanctuary 60 Champhai 7 Tawi Wildlife Sanctuary 35 Aizawl 8 Thorangtlang Wildlife Sanctuary 50 Lunglei 9 Pualreng Wildlife Sanctuary 50 Kolasib 10 Tokalo Wildlife Sanctuary 250 Saiha Total 1240.75 15. The State has predominantly two sources of power; one being its own hydel generation of about 29.35MW (out of its 11 SHP) and another from Central Sector allocation of 64.53 MW. The present peak demand of the State is 178MW. There remains a shortfall of about 84MW. To cater the shortfall, PEDM is executing Tlawva SHP (2x2.5 MW) which will be completed and commissioned by 2014-2015. Another Tuirial HEP (60 MW) is on-going project executed by NEEPCO and the project is scheduled to be completed during the 12th five-year plan. Tuivai HEP (210 MW) is also in the pipeline and the project shall be taken up in the State Sector on PPP Mode under VGF policy of GoI. PEDM is having 729 km length of 132kV, 117 km of 66kV transmission lines and 7 nos. of 132kV Grid substation with transformation capacity of 140.6 MVA. It has over 1170 km of 33kV line, 5045 km of 11kV lines, 2747.59 Km length of LT lines, 45 nos. of 33kV Grid S/S and more than 1630 nos. of various capacities of Distribution Transformers across the entire State with transformation capacity of 146.9 MVA. The Department serves power supply to nearly 2 lakhs consumers and the per capita consumption at the end of 11th Plan is 252 kWh. At the end of 12th Plan, number of consumers is projected at 2, 55,561 nos. and per capita consumption is projected to be 318 Kwh. Efforts are underway not only to bridge the gap but also to ensure that adequate power is made Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures vi available to enable boosting of State economy. An abstract of subprojects for the tranche-1 under expansion/augmentation of power system network in the State of Mizoram is presented in Table 2. Table 2: Summary of Subprojects in Tranche- I under NERPSIP Sl. Quantity Capacity Addition Estimated Cost* Name of the subproject (in Millions) No. (Nos.) (km/MVA) 1. 132 kV Transmission lines 3 214 km. 132/33kV substations 2967.20 2. 6 125 MVA (New/Augmentation/Extension) 33 kV Distribution lines 3. 12 5.2 km. (New/Strengthening) 200.40 4. 33/11kV substations (New/Augmentation) 3 6.3 MVA *The estimated cost includes consultancy fees, contingencies and IDC Stakeholder analysis 16. Stakeholder’s analysis has been undertaken to identify the issues and the concerns of various stakeholders who are supposed to be either directly or indirectly impacted/benefited or assume a position wherein they can have a significant role to influence the project. The Stakeholder’s analysis has been carried out to identify existing relationship and also to understand the roles, responsibilities and relations of these stakeholders in context of shaping the environment and social issues with respect to proposed project. The details of the key stakeholders identified at various levels from national level up to national level have been mapped to know their issues & expectations with respect to proposed project. The process of consultation with stakeholders involves formal and informal discussion. A wide range of issues were discussed with various stakeholders that might have environmental / social concern. Some of the key issues are listed below: 17. Environment Issues.  Impact on forest and biodiversity area e.g. national parks, sanctuary, biosphere reserves, etc.  Impact due to waste (Used Oil or E-waste), oil spills, sanitation;  Occupational health and safety during implementation , operation and maintenance phase;  Soil erosion and slope un-stability;  Leakage of SF6 a potent greenhouse gas; and  Any other adverse environment issues. 18. Social and Institutional Issues.  Securing/Alienation of land for substation;  Temporary damages to land, crops, trees or structures during construction; Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures vii  Community participation during project cycle i.e. planning, implementation and operation;  Health and Safety risk including HIV/AIDS;  Locals, Women and Inter agency participation/coordination. Impacts – Social 19. This section identifies the potential social impacts of the proposed projects in terms of the nature, magnitude, extent and location, timing and duration of the anticipated impacts. These impacts are both positive or negative relating to the project design stage, construction stage or the project operation and decommissioning stage. i. Positive Impacts  Employment creation;  Improved and reliable power supply;  Increased economic activity;  Improved road infrastructure;  Gender – Access to electricity would improve the quality of life and also reduce the time consumption of women for household activities which will entail availability of more time for other activities;  Less reliance of fossil fuels like firewood, charcoal etc.;  Capacity Building. ii. Negative Impacts  Loss of land;  Restriction on land use;  Temporary loss of access to Common Property Resources; and  Health and Safety risk including HIV/AIDS. Impacts - Environment 20. This section identifies the potential environmental impacts of the proposed projects. These impacts are both positive or negative relating to the project design stage, construction stage or the project operation and decommissioning stage. i. Positive Impacts  Availability of power lessens the demand of natural resources like firewood, charcoal etc. resulting in conservation/protection of forest/vegetation. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures viii ii. Negative Impacts  Clearance of tree within RoW;  Impacts on forest, wildlife habitats and migratory birds;  Impacts on drainage, soil erosion & water resources;  Impacts on traffic and road infrastructure;  Aesthetic appeal of area;  Impacts from likely oil spillage;  Effect of electromagnetic fields(EMF);  Leakage SF6; and  Health & Safety The potential E & S issues identified shall be managed within the applicable regulatory framework and international best practices. Policy, Legal and Regulatory Framework 21. PEDM undertakes its Transmission/ Distribution system (33 kV and above) activities within the purview of Constitutional provisions, Policy, Legal, and Regulatory Framework for environmental and social issues applicable to power transmission & distribution. In addition, the requirements of multilateral funding agencies are also considered in the management procedures for addressing environmental and social issues. 22. The Constitution of India provides for protection of the environment and its improvement as a fundamental duty and the Directive Principles of State Policy under Article 51 A (g) and Article 48 A respectively. The Apex Court has widened the scope of Article 21 (Right to Life) bringing environmental impacts under its ambit. Similarly, the constitutional provisions in regard to social safeguards are enshrined in the Preamble to the Constitution, such as justice, social, economic and political; liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; equality of status and of opportunity; fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation. Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles guarantee the right to life and liberty. Health, safety and livelihood been interpreted as part of this larger framework. The provisions on social safeguards are contained in Articles 14, 15, 17, 23, 24, 25, 46, 330, 332, etc. 23. Sixth Schedule: In addition to basic fundamental rights, special provisions have been extended to the Tribal Areas of State under the 6th Schedule [Articles 244(2) and 244(A)]. The Sixth Schedule is entirely focused at protection of tribal areas and interests by allowing self-governance Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures ix through constitutional institutions at the district or regional level. These institutions are entrusted with the twin task of protecting tribal cultures and customs and undertaking development tasks. The Sixth Schedule provides for administration of tribal areas as autonomous entities. The administration of an autonomous district is vested in a District Council and of an autonomous region, in a Regional Council. These Councils are endowed with legislative, judicial, executive and financial powers. These institutions were expected to integrate these areas with the modern system of administration while preserving the traditional autonomy and local self-governing institutes of the tribal people. The functions of the district council are;  Allotment, occupation use or setting apart of land other than reserved forest for agriculture;  Management of forest (which is not a reserved forest);  Regulation of jhum cultivation or any other forms of shifting agriculture;  Village or town administration including public health & sanitation.  Inheritance of property  Social customs 24. Apart from this, the Constitution of India grants special status to the State under Article - 371G which states “no act of parliament in respect of religious and social practices of the Mizos, Mizo customary laws and procedures, administration of civil and criminal justices involving decisions according to Mizo customary law and ownership and transfer of land shall apply to the state of Mizoram, unless Legislative Assembly of the state, by a resolution, so decides ”. In view of said constitutional provision the RFCTLARRA, 2013 is not presently applicable in the State of Mizoram for purposes of private land acquisition. However, as per past experience it has been noticed that the process of adoption of central act takes time due to involvement of elaborate consultation for arriving consensus. PEDM taking note of that has taken a conscious decision that private land if required, shall be secured through donations and/ or direct purchases on negotiated rate on willing buyer and willing seller basis till the new act is adopted by their State Assembly. Based on current requirement for tranche-1, land acquisition is not an issue as land for all substaions covered under this tranche is in possession of PEDM (refer Table-5.4). 25. Environment : Mandatory environmental requirements for PEDM at state level include: sanction of Govt. of Mizoram (GoM) under section 68(1) of the Electricity Act, 2003; Forest clearance under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980; During the currency of operations, Regulations on Batteries (Management and handling) Rules, 2001 regarding disposal of used batteries, Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008 regarding disposal of used transformer oil, Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 putting Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures x restrictions on use of ozone depleting substances come into force and required voluntary enforcement and provisions under Biological Diversity Act, 2002, E-waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011 regarding maintaining records & handling of electronic wastes, and the Scheduled Tribes & Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006. 25. The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 is the key legislation through which the environmental impacts of transmission projects are managed since the current regulation does not require an Environmental Impact Assessment for transmission lines. The legislation requires compensatory afforestation for any forest land diverted for non-forest use in twice the area diverted with afforestation undertaken by the respective State Forest Department. A national fund CAMPA has been created for this purpose. In case projects pass through or are located in designated protected areas, clearances from the Wildlife Board are also required. PEDM has decided to undertake assessment of environmental impacts even for cases where not statutorily mandated in order to confirm compliance with its own policy. 26. Social: Mandatory Social requirements for PEDM at State level include provisions of section 67 & 68 (5 & 6) of the Electricity Act, 2003 for the calculation of compensation for any temporary damages. Involuntary land acquisitions, if any done, for securing private lands for construction of substations, fall under the realm of The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 (RFCTLARRA) (will be applicable only after the resolution passed in Legislative Assembly – refer para 24). The provisions of Indian Treasure Trove Act, 1878 as amended in 1949 covers chance finds. The Right to Information Act, 2005 (RTI) ensures citizens to access information under the control of public authorities. 27. The World Bank (WB) Operational Policies OP 4.01, 4.04, 4.11 & 4.36/ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 (SPS 2009) for Environmental and Social Considerations outline funding agencies policy and procedures for Environmental Assessment (EA) of different developmental projects. Depending upon the issues and impacts, the projects are categorized as A, B, and C warranting larger and specialized focus for A and the least for C. This project, as per the WB guidelines, is categorized as A. Likewise, OP 4.10 and 4.12 outlines policy guidelines for managing issues related to tribal people and involuntary resettlement. 28. RFCTLARRA, 2013 has replaced the old Land Acquisition Act, 1894 and has come into force from 1st January 2014. The new act i.e. RFCTLARRA, 2013 authorizes State Govt. (i.e. GoM) or its authorized Government agency to complete the whole process of acquisition of private land including Social Impact Assessment (SIA), Action Plan for R&R (i.e. Rehabilitation and Resettlement) & its implementation and the PEDM’s responsibility is limited to identification and Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xi selection of suitable land based on technical requirement and ensuring budget allocation. Conducting Social Impact Assessments (SIA) has been made mandatory under this new act and results of these assessments are shared with all the stakeholders and public hearing held which makes the process transparent and informed. Subsequently, an entitlement package that includes both compensation (for land/structure and assets to land and structure) and R&R as necessary is prepared. Further to this, individual awards are passed and all documents are disclosed in the public domain through local administration and internet. The flow chart of the land acquisition process with schedule prescribed for various activities is illustrated in Figure 1 below. The entitlements with regard to compensation and assistances towards land acquisition or loss of any assets or livelihood for all categories of people being affected due to land acquisition is briefly outlined in Table 3 below: Table 3: Compensation and R & R Entitlement Framework for Land Acquisition A Comprehensive Compensation Package Eligibility for Entitlement Provisions The affected families Determination of Compensation :  Land Owners: includes any 1. Market value of the land person-  as specified in the Indian Stamp Act, 1899 i) whose name is recorded as (he or owner of the land or building or  the average of the sale price for similar type of land part thereof, in the records of the situated in the village or vicinity, authority concerned; or or ii) any person who is granted forest  consented amount of compensation as agreed in case rights under the Scheduled Tribes of acquisition of lands for private companies or for and Other Traditional Forest public private partnership project. Dwellers (Recognition of Forest whichever is higher Rights) Act, 2006 or under any Market value x Multiplier* between 1 to 2 in rural areas other law for the time being in only (No multiplier in urban areas). force; or 2. Value of the assets attached to land: iii)who is entitled to be granted Patta Building/Trees/Wells/Crop etc. as valued by relevant rights on the land under any law of govt. authority; the State including assigned lands: or Land compensation = 1+2 iv) any person who has been declared 3. Solatium: 100% of total compensation as such by an order of the court or Authority; Total Compensation : 1+2+3 (*) Precise scale shall be determined by the State Govt. The indicative values of multiplier factor based on distance from urban areas as provided in the act. Radial Distance from Urban area (Km) Multiplier Factor 0-10 1.00 10-20 1.20 20-30 1.40 30-40 1.80 Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xii 40-50 2.00 B. R&R Package Elements of Rehabilitation and Resettlement Entitlements for all the affected families (both land owners and the families whose livelihood is primarily dependent on land acquired) in addition to compensation provided above Sl. Elements of R& R Provision No. Entitlements Subsistence grant/allowance 1. Rs. 3000 per month per family for 12 months for displaced families a. Where jobs are created through the project, mandatory employment for one member per affected family; or b. Rupees 5 lakhs per family; The affected families shall or 2. c. Rupees 2000 per month per family as annuity for 20 years, be entitled to: with appropriate index for inflation; The option of availing (a) or (b) or (c) shall be that of the affected family i. A constructed house shall be provided as per the Indira Awas Yojana specifications. Housing units for ii. A constructed house shall be provided, which will be not displacement: less than 50 sq. mts. in plinth area. i) If a house is lost in rural In either case the equivalent cost of the house may also be 3. provided in lieu of the house as per the preference of the areas: project affected family. ii)If a house is lost in urban The stamp duty and other fees payable for registration of the areas house allotted to the affected families shall be borne by the Requiring Body. Transportation cost for 4. Rs 50,000/- per affected family displaced families Resettlement Allowance 5. Onetime Rs 50,000/- per affected family (for displaced families) Onetime financial assistance as appropriate for construction as 6. Cattle shed/ petty shop cost decided by St. Govt. subject to minimum of Rs.25,000/- 7. Artisan/small traders/others Onetime financial assistance as appropriate as decided by State (in case of displacement) Govt. subject to minimum of Rs.25,000/- Special Provisions for SCs/STs In addition to the R&R package, SC/ST families will be entitled to the following additional benefits: 1. One time financial assistance of Rs. 50,000 per family; 2. Families settled outside the district shall be entitled to an additional 25% R&R benefits; 3. Payment of one third of the compensation amount at very outset; 4. Preference in relocation and resettlement in area in same compact block; 5. Free land for community and social gatherings; 6. In case of displacement, a Development Plan is to be prepared 7. Continuation of reservation and other Schedule V and Schedule VI area benefits from displaced area to resettlement area. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xiii Figure 1: Activity Chart RFCTLARRA, 2013 Project Cycle – Integrating Environment and Social Issues/ Concerns and Mitigatory Measures 29. Stakeholder analysis and impact assessments had enabled identifying issues. The same are now placed in the project cycle so as to draw management measures for addressing the same. Key milestones in PEDM’s transmission/Distribution (33 kV and above) projects are; i) Project Conceptualization ii) Project Planning iii) Approval iv) Detailed Design and Tendering v) Project Implementation vi) Operation & Maintenance vii) Review and Monitoring and Evaluation. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xiv Environmental and Social Concerns 30. Environmental Concerns.  Clearing/lopping of Trees within Right of Way (RoW);  Clearing of Ground Vegetation for Movement of Machinery;  Disposal of Used Transformer Oil;  Disposal of Used Battery;  Disposal of E-waste; and  Leakage/use of SF6 gas. 31. Social Concerns  Loss to Standing Crop;  Change in Land Prices;  Temporary Loss of Access to Common Property Resources;  Restriction on Land Use;  Loss of livelihood due to acquisition of private agricultural land; and  Loss of homestead, if any 32. Management measures to address the issues and concerns in respect of social and environment are presented in Tables 4 and 5 respectively. Table 4: Social Management Measures No Potential Issues Management Measures For Trenche-1, this is not an issue as land for construction of all proposed transmission and distribution substations are already 1 Loss of land available with PEDM (for details refer Table-5.4). As there is no acquisition of fresh land is involved, physical relocation/displacement is not envisaged. Due to inherent flexibility in locating substation and very small size of land, PEDM avoids habituated area completely hence no physical relocation/displacement of population on account of Change in land use and setting up of substation is envisaged. 2 population relocation for However, securing lands may be an issue for subsequent substations investments under future tranches as well as those supported with other sources of finance. Keeping in this in view, and in case, lands may have to be secured, the same it can be accomplished through following three methods; Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xv No Potential Issues Management Measures (i) Purchase of land on willing buyer & Willing Seller basis on negotiated rate; (ii) Voluntary Donation; and (iii) Involuntary Acquisition. In case of procurement of land through private purchase, PEDM shall ensure that compensation/rate for land is not less than the rate provided in the new land acquisition act, 2013. In order to comply with this provision PEDM may organize an awareness camp where provisions of new act in respect of basis/modalities of compensation calculation shall be explained to land owners with specific State provision if any. In the case of voluntary donation of land, the following shall be ensured:  The land user(s) will not be subjected to undue pressure for parting of land;  All out efforts shall be made to avoid any physical relocation/displacement due to loss of land;  The PEDM shall facilitate in extending ‘gratitude’ to the land donor(s) in lieu of the ‘contribution’ if so agreed. The same shall be documented in the shape of MoU between donor and utility and subsequently title of land transferred in the name of PEDM.  All land donations (as well as purchases) will be subject to a review/ approval from a committee comprising representatives of different sections including those from the IA and GoM. In case of land acquired through involuntary acquisition, provisions of RFCTLARRA, 2013 shall be followed. (for details refer Part -A of Social Management Framework placed as Annexure – 3). However, the same will be applicable only when the new act is adopted by State Legislative Assembly (refer para 24). As per existing law, land for tower/pole and right of way is not Change in land use and acquired and agricultural activities are allowed to continue after 3 population relocation due to construction activity and PEDM pays compensation for all towers/ poles damages including cost of land below tower to its owner without acquiring it. Hence change in land use and resultant relocation of people is not envisaged in T&D projects. Land for tower and right of way is not acquired as agricultural 4 Right of Way activities can continue. However, the project shall pay full compensation to all the affected persons/ community for any damages sustained during the execution of work. Accordingly, Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xvi No Potential Issues Management Measures PEDM has formulated appropriate management plan in the form of Compensation Plan for Temporary Damage (CPTD) to minimize the damages and provide compensation plan for temporary damages in consultation with the state government and affected persons and/ or community (for details refer Part – B of Social Management Framework placed as Annexure – 3).. As it is evident from the Census of India, 2011, that the tribal population constitutes > 94% of the state total population therefore the intended benefits due to this project implementation (providing a basic amenity like power) would enhance the living standard and quality of life in general for the tribal population in the region. It is also pertinent to mention that the tribal population in the state has their own self- governance system through ADC/VDC with administrative, judiciary and customary rights as per provisions of the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India. Any physical 5 Impact on Tribal interventions (related to land acquisition and CPTD) in the scheduled areas, in particular and tribal areas, in general, in such region can only be implemented with the prior consent of the ADC/VDC. Thus, it is further substantiated that the process of implementation as provided in the project cycle indicates this approval process as an integrated activity of the social mitigation plan as necessary. Further, RFCTLARRA 2013 also stipulates additional provisions related to tribals and scheduled areas. All these are detailed in a TPDF (Anneuxre-3, Part-C)1. Moreover, no fresh land acquisition is involved for tranche-I projects as the land for all proposed substations is already in possession of PEDM. Women involvement will be planned through formal and 6 Gender/ women participation informal group consultations so that their participation is ensured during preparation and implementation of the project. Induced secondary PEDM operations are short-lived and do not induce secondary 7 development during developments during construction. construction During construction the health and safety aspects of workers and nearby community shall be implemented through contractors Health and safety of with due diligence and compliance of required 8 worker/employee/community regulation/guideline through a safety plan PEDM uses best available technology for lines and do not cause any hazards to health and safety. 9 “Chance finds” or discovery Possibilities of such phenomenon in T&D project are quite of any archaeological remote due to limited and shallow excavations. However, in 1 All the provisions will become applicable only if tribal land is acquired involuntarily by invoking provisions of this act. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xvii No Potential Issues Management Measures artifacts, treasure etc. during case of such findings, PEDM will follow the laid down excavation procedure in the Section-4 of Indian Treasure Trove Act, 1878 as amended in1949. Table 5: Environment Management Measures No. Potential Issues Management Measures Minimizing adverse impact PEDM endeavors to circumvent / lessen environmentally 1 on forests sensitive areas such as forest and other ecologically fragile/ sensitive areas through optimization of route including use of modern tools like GIS/GPS and other modern techniques. 2 Clearing/Lopping of trees Use of extended/special tower to reduce RoW and impact on trees.  Vegetation damage To minimise damage to vegetation and habitat fragmentation,  Habited Loss PEDM utilizes hand clearing and transportation of tower 3 material by head loads into forestland and other land as well, wherever possible. PEDM maintains only a 3m wide strip for O&M and allows for  Habitat fragmentation regeneration of vegetation in the other one or two strips and 4  Edge effect on flora & beneath the transmission lines to avoid habitat fragmentation fauna and edge effect. In hilly area this can possibly be totally avoided. There is no elephant corridor as such in Mizoram. But it is reported elephant sometimes stray over/cross/migrate from Chances of accident Bangladesh in the area. However, in case poles are sited in that involving elephant in the 5 area PEDM shall try suitable design modification in the pole of specified corridor due to 33kV line, like provision of spike guards, barbed wire fencing or placing of poles any other arrangement and shall incorporate the same in any location, if required. Chemical contamination PEDM does not use chemicals for forest clearance/ RoW 6 from chemical maintenance maintenance. techniques Poly-Chloro-Biphenyls PEDM use mineral oil in electrical equipment’s. Specification of 7 (PCBs) in electrical oil containing PCB less 2 mg/kg (non –detectable level) stated equipment. in the tender document. PEDM does not acquire land for its transmission towers. It pays Change in land use and compensation for any crop loss and damage caused during its 8 population relocation due to activities. PEDM allows regeneration and cultivation beneath towers/poles the towers for Transmission Line (TL) around poles/ structures and lines. Induced secondary PEDM operations are short-lived and do not induce secondary 9 development during developments during construction. construction Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xviii No. Potential Issues Management Measures Erosion of soil and drainage PEDM would ensure that all cut and fill slopes in TL/ DL are along the cut and fill slopes adequately protected using standard engineering practices in hilly areas including bio-engineering techniques wherever feasible. All drainage channels along or inside substations shall be trained and connected to main or existing drainage to avoid any erosion 10 due to uncontrolled flow of water. To further minimise any possible impacts, the already disturbed corridors of Mizoram State Road Project- II under Bank funding are being also utilized wherever possible to route the transmission line alignment. Avian hazards mostly encountered in bird sanctuaries area and Avian hazards from fly path of migratory bird predominantly related to nesting site. 11 transmission/distribution Although the incidence of avian hazards is rare due to the lines and towers distance between the conductors. PEDM shall take all possible precaution to avoid these areas by careful route selection. However, bird guards are provided to prevent any avian hazards. Air craft hazards from PEDM as per the requirement of IS 5613 of July’94 provides 12 transmission lines and towers aviation markers, night-lights for easy identification of towers in notified/selected areas. During construction the health and safety aspects of workers and nearby community shall be implemented through contractors Health and safety of with due diligence and compliance of required 13 worker/employee/community regulation/guideline through a safety. PEDM uses best available technology for lines and do not cause any hazards to health and safety. Fire hazards are mostly occurred in forest area. However, PEDM uses state of art automatic tripping mechanism for its transmission/distribution and substations that disconnect the line in fraction of seconds to prevent fire hazards. The Forest 14 Fire Hazards Department also take precaution like maintaining fire line in the cleared forest area to avoid spread of fire. Firefighting instruments including fire extinguishers are kept in appropriate place for immediate action in case of any fire hazard. Pollution Although pollution is not an issue with transmission/ 15 distribution projects still PEDM will make efforts to further minimize it. Sites are cleared of all the leftover materials and debris to avoid any chance of pollution. Although leakage of SF6 is not a major issue, PEDM will make efforts to reduce the leakage through regular monitoring 16 GHG (SF6 Gas) installing gas pressure monitor/ leak detectors in Circuit Breakers. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xix 33. Other potential environmental and social issues/ concerns and their management measures are described in an EMP, a sample of which is in the Annex -A to the summary. It will be implemented during the execution of the project. Since many provisions of the EMP are to be implemented by the Contractor, to ensure its proper implementation and monitoring, the EMP forms a part of the contract document. PEDM’s Environment and Social Management Procedures (ESPP) 34. PEDM has developed comprehensive Environment and Social (E&S) management procedures and incorporated them to its project cycle, to ensure that its operation eliminates or minimizes adverse environmental and social impacts. The E&S management procedures identify the relevant issues at early stage of project cycle and follow the basic philosophy of sustainable development along with Principles of Avoidance, Minimization and Mitigation. These three guiding principles are employed in a project right from very beginning i.e. at the time of Project conceptualization & Planning Stage by studying different alternatives line routes for selection of most optimum route to avoid involvement of forests/ biodiversity/Eco-sensitive zone including animal/bird path, protected areas, human habitations etc. to the extent possible. If necessary/required, tall towers are also provided to avoid/minimize the impact. In case it becomes unavoidable due to terrain and line route passes through protected areas additional studies would be conducted by independent agencies to ascertain the impacts and to plan management measures to minimize/mitigate such impacts. A Terms of Reference (ToR), for such assessment, which can be customized for a particular situation/ location/ concern has been prepared and is placed at Annexure- 17 of the main report. 35. Likewise for substation land, PEDM identifies number of potential substation sites based on data collected as per the checklist (Annexure-16 of the main report) and a comprehensive analysis for each alternative site is carried out. The analysis considers various site specific parameters that includes infrastructure facilities such as access roads, railheads, type of land viz. Govt., revenue, private land, agricultural land; social impacts such as number of families getting affected; and cost of compensation and rehabilitation giving due weightage to each. Environmental & Social Management process dovetailed in project cycle for appropriate and timely action is outlined in Figure 2. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xx Figure: 2 Environmental and Social Management Procedures Project Identification. E&S Conceptualization Screening & Identification Scoping E&S issue Feasibility Study including Environmental & Social Project Report as part Screening and Scoping of Concept Paper  Appraisal of Concept Paper by PEDM .  In-Principle approval by State Govt. E & S Screening &  Assessment of E & S issues for TL during Project Planning E&S Assessment Scoping for Detailed Survey substation & Social  Preparation of Forest Proposal (if required), Assessment of T/L  Substation Land Identification / Selection  Preparation of IEAR & CPTD Public Consultation as part of IEAR Approval  MoEF for Forest Project Funding Agency Clearance (If Applicable)  GoM  GoM for Land E&S Management Social Impact Management  Engagement of Agency for EAMP & Plan (SIMP) including SIA, Detailed Design CPTD (if needed) RAP, Public Hearing & & Tendering  EMP part of Contract/Bidding Disclosure by GoM as Per document. RFCTLARRA, 2013 (if applicable)  Implementation of IEAR/CPTD for TL/DL Implementation Implementation of  RoW Clearance E&S Plan Implementation SIMP by GoM as  Compensatory Afforestation Project per RFCTLARRA,  Crop/Tree Compensation 2013(if applicable)  Public Consultation  Possession of land for Substation  Preparation of FEAR (if required) Supervision & Periodic Performance Review Review by GoM Maintenance Operation &  PEDM  Domestic/External Funding Agency Annual Review Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xxi Environmental and Social Risk Assessment 36. Environmental and Social Risk Assessment is a vital part of PEDM’s environmental and social management strategies. The risk assessment process identifies existing risks, and forecast future potential risks in its power transmission/distribution projects. It is a scientific process that includes cost benefit analysis. The environment and social management procedures developed by PEDM evaluate these risks, both qualitatively and quantitatively, and prioritize them. Based on prioritization, environment and social management options are selected. PEDM’s Risk Management process involves risk preparedness, risk mitigation and the sharing of liabilities (via internal arrangements and insurance). Responsibilities in the event of occurrence of a risk have been illustrated in Table 6. Table 6: PEDM’s Risk Responsibility Framework Risk GOM /PEDM Contractor Insurers Non compliance Regulatory2   - Non compliance Contractual3 -  - Major hazards, e.g. tower fall during    construction During O&M  - - Impacts on health4 etc.  - - Force Majeure(Insurable) - -  Force Majeure( Non-Insurable)  - - Inclusion/ Exclusion of concerned  - - Communities Public Interest Litigation  - - Implementation Arrangements 37. To ensure quality and strengthen organizational systems to enable effective implementation of the ESPP, PEDM shall have to set out procedures and work culture, which will promote total involvement of all its personnel. To attain assigned goal following shall be ensured: a) A coordinated system of functioning to be adopted by PEDM Planning Dept. who is the spokesperson of Engineer-in-Chief of PEDM/ Sect. (Power). b) An emphasis on intra-departmental approach, demarcation of departmental responsibilities and the delegation of authority, which will ensure quick response and amendment to change. 2 Regulatory like working in forest/protected areas without statutory clearances. 3 Contractual like noncompliance of condition of clearance like fuel supply to labourer to avoid tree felling, no-work during night times, etc. 4 Impact of health like any case of prolonged exposure to Electro-Magnetic Field (EMF). Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xxii c) A commitment to provide at all times the best possible time bound quality service in all areas of its operations. 38. PEDM’s commitment to the ESPP shall have to be developed wi th these principles. To ensure effective implementation of its ESPP, PEDM will focus on: ― Placing dedicated manpower with specialization in the respective field to deal and manage the environment and social issues; ― Reinforcing in-house capabilities by working with specialized external agencies; ― Frequent/regular review by higher management ― Annual review of the ESPP implementation and problem faced to start with internally or through external agencies as necessary. 39. Office of Engg.-in-Chief will have overall responsibility for construction, operation, and maintenance of transmission/distribution systems apart from providing necessary support services. 40. For the NERPSIP, the implementing agency (IA) is POWERGRID with its mandate for design and implementation supervision for the project. In consultations with the states, it has put up a tiered structure as follows:  Central Project Implementation Unit (CPIU) - A body responsible for coordinating the preparation and implementation of the project and shall be housed within the IA’s offices at Guwahati. The “Project-In-Charge” of IA & Head of each of the SPCU shall be a member of CPIU.  State Project Coordination Unit (SPCU) – A body formed by the Utility and responsible for coordinating with IA in preparing and implementing the project at the State level. It consist of experts across different areas from the Utility and shall be headed by an officer of the rank not below Chief Engineer, from PEDM.  Project Implementation Unit (PIU) – A body formed by the IA, including members of PEDM on deputation, and responsible for implementing the Project across the State, with its personnel being distributed over work site & working in close association with the SPCU/ CPIU. PIU report to State level “Project Manager” nominated by the Project-in-Charge of IA. The IA will have a Core team stationed at the CPIU on permanent basis and other PMC officers (with required skills) will visit as and when required by this core team. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xxiii Grievance Redressal Mechanism (GRM) 41. GRM is an integral and important mechanism for addressing/resolving the concern and grievances in a transparent and swift manner. Many minor concerns of peoples are addressed during public consultation process initiated at the beginning of the project and broadly outlined in Annexure-23. For handling grievance, PEDM shall establish Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) at two places, one at the project/scheme level and another at Head Quarter (HQ) level. The GRCs shall include members from PEDM, Local Administration, Village Panchayat Members, Affected Persons representative and reputed persons from the society and representative from the autonomous districts council in case of tribal districts selected/decided on nomination basis under the chairmanship of project head. The composition of GRC shall be disclosed in villages/their councils office and concerned district headquarter for wider coverage. 42. The complainant will also be allowed to submit its complaint to local project official who will pass it to GRC immediately but not more than 5 days of receiving such complaint. The first meeting of GRC will be organized within 15 days of its constitution/disclosure to formulate procedure and frequency of meeting. However, GRC meeting shall be convened within 15 days of receiving a grievance for its solution. GRC endeavor will be to pronounce its decision/ may also refer it to GRC at HQ for solution within 30-45 days of receiving grievances. In case complainant/ appellant is not satisfied with the decision of GRC they can approach PEDM HQ Level Committee /District Collector or Court of law for solution. 43. The HQ level GRC shall function under the chairmanship of Engg.-in-Chief who will nominate other members of GRC including one representative from ESMC at Circle Office who is conversant with the environment & social issues. The meeting of HQ GRC shall be convened within 7-10 days of receiving the reference from project GRC or complainant directly and pronounce its decision within next 15 days. 44. These GRCs shall act as supplement and in no way substitute the legal systems, especially embedded within RFCTLARR Act 2013, The Electricity Act, 2003, and Right to Information Act. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xxiv Annex - Environmental Management Plan Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule Pre-construction 1 Location of Exposure to Setback of dwellings to overhead Tower location and Setback distances Implementing Part of overhead overhead line safety related line route designed in accordance overhead/ to nearest houses – Agency (IA) lines tower/poles/ towers/ poles/ risks with permitted level of power underground once laying of underground frequency and the regulation of alignment selection underground cable distribution lines supervision at sites. with respect to sitting survey and and alignment & nearest dwellings detailed alignment design survey and design 2 Equipment Release of PCBs not used in substation Transformer design Exclusion of PCBs IA Part of tender specifications and chemicals and transformers or other project in transformers specifications for design parameters gases in facilities or equipment. stated in tender the equipment receptors (air, specification - once water, land) Processes, equipment and systems Process, equipment Exclusion of CFCs IA Part of tender not to use chlorofluorocarbons and system design stated in tender specifications for (CFCs), including halon, and their specification -once the equipment use, if any, in existing processes Phase out schedule Part of equipment and systems should be phased out to be prepared in and process design and to be disposed of in a manner case still in use – consistent with the requirements of once the Government 3 Transmission/ Exposure to Line design to comply with the Electromagnetic Line design IA Part of design Distribution line electromagnetic limits of electromagnetic field strength for compliance with parameters design interference interference from overhead power proposed line relevant standards lines design – once 4 Substation Exposure to Design of plant enclosures to Expected noise Compliance with IA Part of detailed location and noise comply with noise regulations. emissions based on regulations - once siting survey and design substation design design Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule Social Careful selection of site to avoid Selection of Consultation with Part of detailed inequities encroachment of socially, culturally substation location local authorities/ siting survey and and archaeological sensitive areas (distance to autonomous design (i.g. sacred groves, graveyard, sensitive area). councils -once religious worship place, monuments etc.) 5 Location of Impact on Avoidance of such water bodies to Tower/pole location Consultation with IA Part of tower/pole overhead line water bodies the extent possible. and overhead/ local authorities– sitting survey and towers/poles/ underground line once detailed underground laying of Avoidance of placement of tower alignment selection /overhead line underground inside water bodies to the extent of (distance to water alignment survey and distribution line & possible bodies) design alignment and Social Careful route selection to avoid Tower/pole location Consultation with IA Part of detailed design inequities existing settlements and sensitive and overhead/ local authorities/ tower/pole sitting and locations underground line autonomous overhead/undergroun alignment selection councils and land d alignment survey (distance to nearest owners – once and design dwellings or social institutions) Minimise impact on agricultural Tower location and Consultation with land overhead/ local authorities/ underground line autonomous alignment selection councils and land (distance to owners – once agricultural land) Careful selection of site and route Tower/pole Consultation with alignment to avoid encroachment of location and local authorities/ socially, culturally and overhead/ autonomous archaeological sensitive areas (i. g. underground line councils -once sacred groves, graveyard, religious alignment selection worship place, monuments etc.) (distance to sensitive area) Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xxvi Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule 6 Securing lands for Loss of land/ In the case of Involuntary Compensation and As per provisions State Govt. Prior to award/start substations. income change Acquisitions, Compensation and monetary R&R laid out in the act of substation in social status R&R measures are extended as per amounts/ facilities construction. etc. provision of RFCTLARRA, 20135 extended before possession of land. 7 Encroachment Loss of Avoid encroachment into such Tower/pole location Consultation with IA Part of detailed into protected precious areas by careful site and alignment and overhead/ local forest siting and alignment area/ precious ecological selection (National Parks, Wildlife underground line authorities - once survey /design ecological area values/ damage Sanctuary, Biosphere Reserves/ alignment selection to precious Biodiversity Hotspots) (distance to nearest species designated ecological protected/ sensitive areas) Minimize the need by using RoW Tower/pole location Consultation with IA Part of detailed wherever possible and overhead/ local authorities sitting and underground line and design alignment survey alignment selection engineers - once /design 8 Line through Damage to the Study of earmarked elephant Tower/pole location Consultation with IA Part of detailed identified Wildlife/ Birds corridors to avoid such corridors, and overhead/ local forest sitting and Elephant corridor and also to line Adequate ground clearance, Fault underground line authorities – once. alignment survey / Migratory bird clearing by Circuit Breaker, Barbed alignment selection. /design and wire wrapping on towers, reduced Operation spans etc., if applicable Minimum/maximum Monitoring – ground clearance quarterly basis 5 The new land acquisition act i.e RFCTLARRA,2013 is currently not applicable in the State as the State Legislative Assembly has not yet adopted the resolution regarding applicability of new act as per provision under article 371 G of the constitution of India. For acquisition of private land(if required), PEDM shall secure land through donations and/ or direct purchases on negotiated rate on willing buyer and willing seller basis till the applicability of the new act. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xxvii Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule Avoidance of established/ identified Tower/pole location Consultation with IA Part of detailed migration path (Birds & Bats). and overhead/ local forest sitting and Provision of flight diverter/ underground line authorities - once alignment survey reflectors, bird guard, elevated alignment selection /design and perches, insulating jumper loops, Operation obstructive perch deterrents, raptor hoods etc.6, if applicable 9 Line through Deforestation Avoid encroachment by careful site Consultation with Tower/pole location IA Part of detailed forestland and loss of and alignment selection local authorities – and overhead/ sitting and biodiversity Minimise the need by using once underground line alignment edge effect existing towers, tall towers and alignment selection Consultation with survey/design RoW, wherever possible (distance to nearest local authorities protected or and design reserved forest) engineers – once Measures to avoid invasion of alien Intrusion of invasive Consultation with species species local forest authorities - once Obtain statutory clearances from Statutory approvals Compliance with the Government from Government regulations – once for each subproject Consultation with autonomous Permission/ NOC Consultation with councils wherever required from autonomous autonomous councils councils – once during tower placement 6 As per International/National best practices and in consultation with concerned forest/wildlife authority Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xxviii Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule 10 Lines through Loss of Use existing tower or footings Tower/pole location Consultation with IA Part of detailed farmland agricultural wherever possible and overhead/ local authorities alignment survey production/ underground line and design and design change in alignment selection engineers – once cropping Avoid sitting new towers on Tower/pole location Consultation with Part of detailed pattern farmland wherever feasible and overhead/ local authorities sitting and underground line and design alignment survey alignment selection engineers – once /design 11 Noise related Nuisance to Substations sited and designed to Noise levels Noise levels to be IA Part of detailed neighbouring ensure noise will not be a nuisance specified in tender equipment design properties documents – once 12 Interference with Flooding Appropriate sitting of towers to Tower/pole location Consultation with IA Part of detailed drainage patterns/ hazards/ loss of avoid channel interference and overhead/ local authorities alignment survey irrigation agricultural underground line and design and design channels production alignment selection engineers – once (distance to nearest flood zone) 13 Escape of Environmental Transformers designed with oil Equipment Tender document IA Part of detailed polluting pollution spill containment systems, and specifications with to mention equipment design materials purpose-built oil, lubricant and fuel respect to potential specifications – /drawings storage system, complete with spill pollutants once cleanup equipment. Substations to include drainage and Substation sewage Tender document IA Part of detailed sewage disposal systems to avoid design to mention detailed substation layout offsite land and water pollution. specifications – and design once /drawings 14 Equipments Contamination Substations constructed above the Substation design to Base height as per IA Part of detailed submerged under of receptors high flood level(HFL) by raising account for HFL flood design- once substation layout flood the foundation pad (elevation with and design respect to HFL /drawings elevation) Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xxix Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule 15 Explosions Hazards to life Design of substations to include Substation design Tender document IA Part of detailed /Fire modern fire fighting equipment compliance with fire to mention detailed substation layout prevention and specifications – and design Provision of fire fighting equipment control codes once /drawings to be located close to transformers Construction 16 Equipment layout Noise and Construction techniques and Construction Construction IA Construction period and installation vibrations machinery selection seeking to techniques and techniques and (Contractor minimize ground disturbance. machinery machinery creating through minimal ground contract disturbance- once provisions) at the start of each construction phase 17 Physical Disturbed Construction activities on cropping Timing of start of Crop disturbance – IA Construction period construction farming activity land timed to avoid disturbance of construction Post harvest as (Contractor field crops (within one month of soon as possible through harvest wherever possible). but before next contract crop – once per site provisions) 18 Mechanized Noise, vibration Construction equipment to be well Construction Complaints IA Construction period construction and operator maintained. equipment – received by local (Contractor safety, efficient estimated noise authorities – every through operation emissions 2 weeks contract provisions) Noise, Turning off plant not in use. Construction Complaints IA Construction period vibration, equipment – received by local (Contractor equipment wear estimated noise authorities – every through and tear emissions and 2 weeks contract operating schedules provisions) Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xxx Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule 19 Construction of Increase in Existing roads and tracks used for Access roads, routes Use of established IA Construction period roads for airborne dust construction and maintenance (length and width of roads wherever (Contractor accessibility particles access to the line wherever new access roads to possible – every 2 through possible. be constructed) weeks contract Increased land New access ways restricted to a Access width Access restricted to provisions) IA Construction period requirement for single carriageway width within the (meters) single carriage – (Contractor temporary RoW. way width within through accessibility RoW – every 2 contract weeks provisions) 20 Construction Safety of local Coordination with local Periodic and regular No. of incidents- IA Construction period activities villagers communities for construction reporting once every week (Contractor schedules, Barricading the /supervision of through construction area and spreading safety arrangement contract awareness among locals provisions) Local traffic Coordination with local authority/ Traffic flow Frequency (time IA Construction period obstruction requisite permission for smooth (Interruption of span)- on daily (Contractor flow of traffic traffic) basis through contract provisions) 21 Temporary Overflows, Measure in place to avoid dumping Temporary fill Absence of fill in IA Construction period blockage of reduced of fill materials in sensitive placement (m3) sensitive drainage (Contractor utilities discharge drainage area areas – every 4 through weeks contract provisions) 22 Site clearance Vegetation Marking of vegetation to be Vegetation marking Clearance strictly IA Construction period removed prior to clearance, and and clearance limited to target (Contractor strict control on clearing activities control (area in m2) vegetation – every through to ensure minimal clearance. 2 weeks contract No use of herbicides and pesticides provisions) Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xxxi Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule 23 Trimming Fire hazards Trees allowed growing up to a Species-specific tree Presence of target IA Construction period /cutting of trees height within the RoW by retention as approved species in RoW (Contractor within RoW maintaining adequate clearance by statutory following through between the top of tree and the authorities (average vegetation contract conductor as per the regulations. and max. tree height clearance – once provisions) at maturity,in meters) per site Loss of Trees that can survive pruning to Species-specific tree Presence of target IA Construction period vegetation and comply should be pruned instead of retention as species in RoW (Contractor deforestation cleared. approved by following through statutory authorities vegetation contract clearance - once provisions) per site Felled trees and other cleared or Disposal of cleared Use or intended use IA Construction period pruned vegetation to be disposed of vegetation as of vegetation as (Contractor as authorized by the statutory approved by the approved by the through bodies. statutory authorities statutory authorities contract (area cleared in m2) – once per site provisions) 24 Wood/ Loss of Construction workers prohibited Illegal wood Complaints by IA Construction period vegetation vegetation and from harvesting wood in the project /vegetation local people or (Contractor harvesting deforestation area during their employment, harvesting (area in other evidence of through (apart from locally employed staff m2, number of illegal harvesting – contract continuing current legal activities) incidents reported) every 2 weeks provisions) 25 Surplus Runoff to cause Soil excavated from tower footings/ Soil disposal Acceptable soil IA Construction period earthwork/soil water pollution, substation foundation disposed of locations and disposal sites – (Contractor solid waste by placement along roadsides, or at volume (m3) every 2 weeks through disposal nearby house blocks if requested by contract landowners provisions) Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xxxii Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule 26 Substation Loss of soil Loss of soil is not a major issue as Borrow area sitting Acceptable soil IA Construction period construction excavated soil will be mostly (area of site in m2 borrow areas that (Contractor reused for filling. However, in case and estimated provide a benefit - through of requirement of excess soil the volume in m3) every 2 weeks contract same will be met from existing provisions) quarry or through deep excavation of existing pond or other nearby barren land with agreement of local communities Water pollution Construction activities involving Seasonal start and Timing of major IA Construction period significant ground disturbance (i.e. finish of major disturbance (Contractor substation land forming) not earthworks(PH , activities –prior to through undertaken during the monsoon BOD/ COD, start of contract season Suspended solids, construction provisions) others ) activities 27 Site clearance Vegetation Tree clearances for easement Ground disturbance Amount of ground IA Construction period establishment to only involve during vegetation disturbance – every (Contractor cutting trees off at ground level or clearance (area, m2) 2 weeks through pruning as appropriate, with tree Statutory approvals Statutory approvals contract stumps and roots left in place and for tree clearances – provisions) ground cover left undisturbed once for each site 28 Substation Waste disposal Excess fill from substation/tower Location and Appropriate fill IA Construction period foundation/Tower foundation excavation disposed of amount (m3)of fill disposal locations (Contractor erection disposal next to roads or around houses, in disposal – every 2 weeks through of surplus agreement with the local contract earthwork/fill community or landowner. provisions) 29 Storage of Contamination Fuel and other hazardous materials Location of Fuel storage in IA Construction period chemicals and of receptors securely stored above high flood hazardous material appropriate (Contractor materials (land, water, level. storage; spill reports locations and through air) (type of material receptacles – every contract spilled, amount (kg 2 weeks provisions) Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xxxiii Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule or m3) and action taken to control and clean up spill) 30 Construction Noise nuisance Construction activities only Timing of Daytime IA Construction period schedules to neighbouring undertaken during the day and local construction (noise construction only – (Contractor properties communities informed of the emissions, [dB(A)] every 2 weeks through construction schedule. contract provisions) 31 Provision of Contamination Construction workforce facilities to Amenities for Presence of proper IA Construction period facilities for of receptors include proper sanitation, water Workforce facilities sanitation, water (Contractor construction (land, water, supply and waste disposal facilities. supply and waste through workers air) disposal facilities – contract once each new provisions) facility 32 Influx of Conflict with Using local workers for appropriate Avoidance/reduction Observation & IA Construction period migratory workers local population asks of conflict through supervision–on (Contractor to share local enhancement/ weekly basis through resources augmentation of contract resource provisions) requirements 33 Lines through Loss of Use existing access roads wherever Usage of existing Complaints IA Construction period farmland agricultural possible utilities received by local (Contractor productivity Ensure existing irrigation facilities Status of existing people /authorities through are maintained in working facilities - every 4 weeks contract condition provisions) Protect /preserve topsoil and Status of facilities reinstate after construction (earthwork in m3) completed Repair /reinstate damaged bunds Status of facilities etc after construction completed (earthwork in m3) Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xxxiv Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule Social Land owners/ farmers compensated Process of Crop/tree Consultation with IA During construction inequities for any temporary loss of compensation in affected land productive land as per existing consultation with owner prior to regulation. forest dept.(for implementation timber yielding tree) and during and Horticulture execution. deptt.(for fruit bearing tree) 34 Uncontrolled Soil loss, Need for access tracks minimised, Design basis and Incorporating good IA Construction period erosion/silt runoff downstream use of existing roads. construction design and (Contractor siltation Limit site clearing to work areas procedures construction through Regeneration of vegetation to (suspended solids in management contract stabilise works areas on completion receiving waters; practices – once for provisions) (where applicable) area re-vegetated in each site Avoidance of excavation in wet m2; amount of season bunds constructed Water courses protected from [length in meter, siltation through use of bunds and area in m2, or sediment ponds volume in m3]) 35 Nuisance to Losses to Contract clauses specifying careful Contract clauses Incorporating IA Construction period nearby properties neighbouring construction practices. good construction (Contractor land uses/ As much as possible existing access Design basis and management Incorporating good through values ways will be used layout practices – once for design engineering contract Productive land will be reinstated Reinstatement of each site practices – once Consultation for with provisions) following completion of land status (area affected parties – each site construction affected, m2) twice- immediately after completion of construction and after the first harvest Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xxxv Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule Social Compensation will be paid for loss Implementation of Consultation with IA Prior to construction inequities of production, if any. Tree/Crop affected parties – compensation once in a quarter (amount paid) 36 Flooding hazards Flooding and Avoid natural drainage pattern/ Contract clauses Incorporating good IA Construction period due to loss of soils, facilities being disturbed/blocked/ (e.g. suspended construction (Contractor construction contamination diverted by ongoing construction solids and management through impediments of of receptors activities BOD/COD in practices-once for contract natural drainage (land, water) receiving water) each site provisions) 37 Equipment Contamination Equipment stored at secure place Store room level to Store room level as IA Construction period submerged under of receptors above the high flood level(HFL) be above HFL per flood design- flood (land, water) (elevation difference once in meters) 38 Inadequate siting Loss of land Existing borrow sites will be used Contract clauses Incorporating good IA Construction period of borrow areas values to source aggregates, therefore, no construction (Contractor (quarry areas) need to develop new sources of management through aggregates practices – once for contract each site provisions) 39 Health and safety Injury and Safety equipment’s (PPEs) for Contract clauses Contract clauses IA Construction period sickness of construction workers (number of compliance – once (Contractor workers and Contract provisions specifying incidents and total every quarter through members of the minimum requirements for lost-work days contract public construction camps caused by injuries provisions) Contractor to prepare and and sickness) implement a health and safety plan. Contractor to arrange for health and safety training sessions 40 Inadequate Likely to Training of environmental Training schedules Number of IA Routinely construction stage maximise monitoring personnel programs attended throughout monitoring damages by each person – construction period once a year Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xxxvi Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule Implementation of effective Respective contract Submission of duly environmental monitoring and checklists and completed reporting system using checklist of remedial actions checklists of all all contractual environmental taken thereof. contracts for each requirements site - once Appropriate contact clauses to Compliance report Submission of duly ensure satisfactory implementation related to completed of contractual environmental environmental compliance report mitigation measures. aspects for the for each contract – contract once Operation and Maintenance 41 Location of line Exposure to Setback of dwellings to overhead Compliance with Setback distances PEDM During operations towers/poles and safety related line route designed in accordance setback distances to nearest houses – overhead/ under- risks with permitted level of power (“as-built” once in quarter ground line frequency and the regulation of diagrams) alignment & supervision at sites. design 42 Line through Injury/ Avoidance of established/identified Regular monitoring No. of incidents- PEDM Part of detailed identified bird mortality to migration path (Birds & Bats). for any incident of once every month siting and alignment flyways, birds, bats etc Provision of flight diverter/ injury/mortality survey /design and migratory path due to collision reflectors, elevated perches, Operation and insulating jumper loops, obstructive electrocution perch deterrents, raptor hoods etc., if applicable 43 Equipment Contamination Equipment installed above the high Substation design to Base height as per PEDM During operations submerged under of receptors flood level (HFL) by raising the account for HFL flood design – once flood (land, water) foundation pad. (“as-built” diagrams) 44 Oil spillage Contamination Substation transformers located Substation bunding Bunding (Oil PEDM During operations of land/nearby within secure and impervious sump (Oil sump) (“as- sump) capacity and water bodies areas with a storage capacity of at built” diagrams) permeability - once least 100% of the capacity of oil in transformers and associated reserve Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xxxvii Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule tanks. 45 SF6 management Emission of Reduction of SF6 emission through Leakage and gas Continuous PEDM During Operations most potent awareness, replacement of old density/level monitoring GHG causing seals, proper handling & storage by climate change controlled inventory and use, enhance recovery and applying new technologies to reduce leakage 46 Inadequate Injury and Careful design using appropriate Usage of Preparedness level PEDM Design and provision of sickness of staff technologies to minimise hazards appropriate for using these operation staff/workers /workers technologies (lost technologies in health and safety work days due to crisis – once each during operations illness and injuries) year Safety awareness raising for staff. Training/awareness Number of Preparation of fire emergency programs and mock programs and action plan and training given to drills percent of staff staff on implementing emergency /workers covered – action plan once each year Provide adequate sanitation and Provision of Complaints water supply facilities facilities received from staff /workers every 2 weeks 47 Electric Shock Injury/ Careful design using appropriate Usage of appropriate Preparedness level PEDM Design and Hazards mortality to technologies to minimise hazards technologies (number for using these Operation staff and public of injury incidents, technology in crisis lost work days) – once a month Security fences around substations Maintenance of Report on fences maintenance – Barriers to prevent climbing on/ Maintenance of every 2 weeks dismantling of transmission towers barriers Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xxxviii Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule Appropriate warning signs on Maintenance of facilities warning signs Electricity safety awareness raising Training /awareness Number of in project areas programs and mock programs and drills for all percent of total concerned parties persons covered – once each year 48 Operations and Unnecessary Adequate training in O&M to all Training/awareness Number of PEDM Operation maintenance staff environmental relevant staff of substations & programs and mock programs and skills less than losses of transmission/ distribution line drills for all relevant percent of staff acceptable various types maintenance crews. staff covered – once Preparation and training in the use each year of O&M manuals and standard operating practices 49 Inadequate Diminished Staff to receive training in Training/awareness Number of PEDM Operation periodic ecological and environmental monitoring of programs and mock programs and environmental social values. project operations and maintenance drills for all relevant percent of staff monitoring. activities. staff covered – once each year 50 Equipment Release of Processes, equipment and systems Process, equipment Phase out schedule PEDM Operations specifications and chemicals and using cholofluorocarbons (CFCs), and system design to be prepared in design parameters gases in including halon, should be phased case still in use – receptors (air, out and to be disposed of in a once in a quarter water, land) manner consistent with the requirements of the Govt. 51 Transmission/ Exposure to Transmission/ distribution line Required ground Ground clearance - PEDM Operations distribution line electromagnetic design to comply with the limits of clearance (meters) once maintenance interference electromagnetic interference from overhead power lines Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xxxix Clause Project activity/ Potential Proposed mitigation measures Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation No. stage impact monitored frequency responsibility schedule 52 Uncontrolled Fire hazard due Periodic pruning of vegetation to Requisite clearance Assessment in PEDM Operations growth of to growth of maintain requisite electrical (meters) consultation with vegetation tree/shrub clearance. forest authorities - /bamboo along once a year(pre- RoW No use of herbicides/ pesticides monsoon/post- monsoon 53 Noise related Nuisance to Substations sited and designed to Noise levels Noise levels at PEDM Operations neighbouring ensure noise will not be a nuisance. {dB(A)} boundary nearest properties to properties and consultation with affected parties if any - once Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures xl 1. Project Context 1. India's North East Region (NER) stretches across the eastern foothills of the Himalayan mountain range and is comprised of seven states including Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura. Geographically the region is connected to the other parts of the country through a small “chicken neck” corridor in the State of West Bengal. With a total population of 45.6 million (2011 census), the sparsely populated NER accounts for about 3.7 percent of India’s total population and covers 7.9 percent of India’s total geographical area. The vast majority of the region’s population lives in rural areas, accounting for 82 percent of the total population as against compared to the national average of 69 percent (2011). A large part of the NER is hilly and, recognized as one of the globe’s biodiversity hotspots. Forests cover over 2/3rd of the area, twice exceeding the policy target of 33%. This sparsely populated region is characterized by extraordinary ethnic, cultural, religious and linguistic diversity, with more than 160 Scheduled Tribes (out of 630 in the country) comprising over 400 distinct sub tribal groups, and a large and diverse non-tribal population as well. 2. The North Eastern Region (NER) in India is endowed with rich energy resources but faces significant bottlenecks in electricity access and availability levels. The per capita power consumption in NER is one-third of the national average. The region has a shortfall of about 500MW installed capacity against peak demand of about 1950 MW. No significant generation capacity has been added in the recent past. Therefore, inadequate power supply continues a critical constraint to sustainable growth and economic development in the NER. Some states are generally not able to draw even their allocated share of power from the Central Generating Stations (CGS) through the grid due to poor/inadequate intra/interstate transmission and distribution network and no capacity addition towards transmission/distribution power system not done due to fund constraints. The transmission and distribution (T&D) losses are also quite high (up to 50%) across most of the States as a large number of remote hilly areas are connected through long low tension lines, resulting in low voltages and poor quality of power at consumer end. While generation capacity addition of about 4000 MW program over present installed capacity is already underway, adequate transmission and distribution infrastructure to transmit and distribute this power to consumers within the North-Eastern States is the need of the day. 3. In order to create/ augment proper infrastructure of T&D in NER keeping in mind future requirement, the Government of India (GoI) has drawn a “Composite scheme for transmission and distribution (T&D) in NER” capable of delivering adequate power to most consumers with reliability, aiming to improve the inter-state and intra-state transmission and sub-transmission infrastructure and reduce system losses in all the NER states. This in background, GoI has approached the World Bank to provide US$ 1500 million of IBRD funding support to a portion of the scheme christened: “NER Power System Improvement Project (NERPSIP)”. The investments are proposed to be made in three different tranches, each being US$ 500 million. The key objectives include strengthening, augmentation of the intra-state and interstate transmission and distribution schemes (up to 33kV) and undertake capacity building initiatives across six NER States of Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Tripura and Nagaland. Ministry of Power (MoP), GoI has appointed POWERGRID, the CTU, as Implementing Agency for the Project in six North Eastern States. However, the ownership of the assets shall be with the respective State Governments/State Utilities, which upon progressive commissioning shall be handed over to them for taking care of Operation and Maintenance of Assets at their own cost. 4. The first tranche under the NERPSIP would be implemented over a seven year period (2014- 2021) and has two major components, namely: (a) Priority investments for strengthening of intra-state transmission and distribution systems; (b) Technical Assistance for Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building of power utilities and departments. 1.1 State Specific Details - Mizoram 5. The State of Mizoram is spread over an area of about 21081 sq. km. with a population of more than 1.91 million. The State faces significant bottlenecks in electricity access and availability level. The present per capita energy consumption is of the order of 252 units (kWh) against the regional per capita consumption of about 258 units and national per capita consumption of about 779 units. Presently, the Department serves power supply to nearly 2 lakhs consumers At the end of 12th Plan, number of consumers is projected at 2, 55,561 nos. and per capita consumption is projected to be 318 Kwh The State has predominantly two sources of power; one being its own hydel generation of about 29.35MW (out of its 11 SHP) and another from Central Sector allocation of 64.53 MW The present peak demand of the State is 178MW. There remains a shortfall of about 84MW. The State is endowed with hydropower potentiality for power generation of about 4000 MW without much damage to environment. To cater the shortfall, PEDM is executing Tlawva SHP (2x2.5 MW) which will be completed and commissioned by 2014-2015. Another Tuirial HEP (60 MW) is on-going project executed by NEEPCO and the project is scheduled to be completed during the 12th five-year plan. Tuivai HEP (210 MW) is also in the pipeline and the project shall be taken up in the State Sector on PPP Mode under VGF policy of GoI. 6. Besides this, the present Intra-State transmission system of the State is quite old & weak and is unable to cater to the growing power requirements of the State. Although the present T&D system covers many areas of the State, it is inadequate in its reach and due to non-availability of redundant T&D system, outage of any transmission system element results in long term power shortages Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 2 making the system highly unreliable. Besides, some of the network elements have undergone long term outage due to break-down. Therefore, it has become essential to address the above situation through remedial measures in the transmission and distribution (T&D) system. Accordingly, phase- wise strengthening of transmission & distribution system has been proposed. The Power Map of Mizoram indicating the existing and proposed T&D network is placed in Figure - 1.1. Summary of subprojects to be implemented in the State in Tranche-1 under NERPSIP along with capacity addition and cost is shown in Table- 1.1 below. Table – 1.1 : Summary of subprojects in Tranche- I under NERPSIP Sl. Quantity Capacity Addition Estimated Cost* Name of the subproject (in Millions) No. (Nos.) (km./MVA) 1. 132 kV Transmission lines 3 214 Ckt.km. 132/33kV substations 2967.20 2 6 125 MVA (New/Augmentation/Extension) 33 kV Distribution lines 3. 12 5.2 Ckt.km. (New/Strengthening) 200.40 33/11kV substations7 4. 3 6.3 MVA (New/Augmentation) *The estimated cost includes consultancy fees, contingencies and IDC 7. The prime objective of the project/subproject is to improve the power sector in the State of Mizoram and capacity building to achieve sustainable development in the long term. The Project is expected to facilitate connection to remote/virgin area, to enhance the capacity & reliability of the system, to improve voltage profile & to reduce losses and ultimately to enhance satisfaction for all categories of consumers which in turn will spur growth & overall development in the whole State. 7 The substation of 33/11 kV is installed for stepping down the voltage from 33 kV to 11 kV level to facilitate its further transmission to distribution network for its logical use by consumers after further stepping down to 433 V level. The electrical installations in the said substation comprises of transformers, breakers, capacitors etc. and other protection/controlling devices to ensure required power flow”. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 3 Figure – 1.1 Power Map of Mizoram Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 4 2. Environment and Social Context – Mizoram 8. Environment and Social Policy and Procedures (ESPP): As the PEDM is contemplating major expansion and augmentation of its transmission & distribution network in near future by implementing projects with the help/grant from GoI and Multilateral Funding Agencies like the World Bank, ADB, it attaches high significance towards managing environment and social issues and the associated concerns. In this context, POWERGRID, with proven credentials in management of environmental and social issues of large number of power transmission projects both within and outside the country has been mandated to develop the Environment and Social Policy and Procedures (ESPP) for PEDM. 9. The PEDM’s ESPP is based on POWERGRID’s ESPP with updation/ incorporation of state specific requirements/processes including central legislations after extensive review and gap analysis with active participation/support of PEDM officials and field verifications. The ESPP of PEDM assimilates environmental and social management procedures into its corporate functioning and also layout management procedures and protocol to address them. It outlines PEDM's commitment to deal with environmental and social issues relating to its transmission & distribution projects with a framework for identification, assessment and management of environmental and social concerns at both organizational as well as project levels. Thus, it enables PEDM:  To establish clear procedures and methodologies for the environmental and social screening, planning, review, approval and implementation of subprojects to be financed under the Project;  To specify appropriate roles and responsibilities, and outline the necessary reporting procedures, for managing and monitoring environmental and social concerns related to sub-projects;  To determine the training, capacity building and technical assistance needed to successfully implement the provisions of the ESPP;  To ensure adequate financial provisions to meet the management measures to be undertaken to mitigate the impacts. Environment & Social Policy Statement “PEDM commits itself to follow the goal of sustainable development through identification, assessment and management of social and environmental issues at both project planning and implementation stages with total transparency and introducing the state of art technologies by adhering to the basic principles of Avoidance, Minimization and Mitigation”. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 5 10. PEDM also believes that the ESPP is dynamic and living document, which shall be further upgraded in light of the experiences gained from field implementation and other relevant factors while mainstreaming the environmental and social concerns in its corporate functioning. 2.1 Approach/ Methodology 11. The ESPP has been prepared following a region/ state specific environmental and social assessments which involved generating information through both primary and secondary sources including consultations and library research. The methodology adopted to identify the potential environment and social impacts is based on experience gained from implementation of similar projects and baseline assessments of work activities anticipated in this proposed project. The methodology takes in to account wide range of receptors:  Physical & chemical environment (e.g. water, soil, etc.);  Biological environment (forest, animals, birds, etc.); and  Communities, social groups and individuals (loss of land, loss of agricultural production, tribal, vulnerable groups (women and backward classes), socio-economic condition, health and safety risks). 12. The basic approach broadly involved following:  Review of environment & social baseline information from secondary sources;  Review of existing national & state specific legislations and policy and guidelines of multilateral agencies;  Review of project related documents; and  Stakeholders’ consultations. 2.2 Consultation/ Participation 13. Consultations with key stakeholders including local, state, regional, central government entities and key ministries at the state level and central level as well as with World Bank officials were undertaken to know views and concerns about environmental and social issues /concerns of the project. This activity ensured appropriate participation and gathering views from the environment and social perspective of all the stakeholders’ which is integrated in this ESPP to be adopted during different stages of the project implementation. A detailed analysis of stakeholder consultations is presented in Chapter-4. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 6 2.3 Structure of the Report 14. Chapter 1& 2 provides the context from a regional; state and project level with social and environmental scenarios as well as approach and methodology adopted for conducting assessments and preparing ESPP. Chapter 3 presents an overview of Mizoram State in respect of its social, economic, cultural, environment, infrastructure and administrative fronts. Stakeholder Analysis is presented in Chapter-4. While Chapters 1-3 lays foundation to both social and environmental front, subsequently, Chapters 5 and 6 deal with issues, impacts and measures thereof in respect of social and environmental aspects. Integrating social and environmental management into the overall project cycle is made in the Chapter-7. The remaining chapters (Chapter - 8 to 12) deal with implementation arrangements, capacity building, grievance redressal mechanism and monitoring and evaluation & budget. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 7 3. Mizoram - An overview 15. Mizoram is located in the north-eastern part of the country between 22o 19’ to 24o 19’ North latitudes and 92o 16’ to 93o 26’ East longitudes covering a geographical area of 21081 sq. km. It is a landlocked state surrounded by Myanmar in the east, Manipur and Assam in the north, Tripura and Bangladesh in the west and again Myanmar in the south. It has a total of 722 km international boundary with Myanmar (404 km) and Bangladesh (318 km). Geographically, it is 277 km from north to south, and 121 km from east to west with inter State boundary Assam (123 km), Tripura (277 km) and Manipur (95 km). The capital is Aizawl, in the north-central part of the state. Nearest railhead is Silchar, which is in Assam about 184 km away from the capital Aizwal. Besides Air service, at present through the gateway of N-E i.e. Guhawati, the State is connected to the Indian Road network through Silchar in Assam to the National Highway 54. Another highway, NH-150 connects the state's Seling Mizoram to Imphal Manipur and NH-40A links the State with Tripura. 16. The State is a storehouse of exotic flora and fauna and forests. The local flora and fauna bear a very close affinity and resemblance with the floral and faunal components of the Indo- Malayan and Indo-Chinese sub-regions. The State is located in the bio-geographic zone of 9B-North- East hills and possesses an extremely rich bio-diversity. The hills here could be seen covered with bamboo and banana trees along with a wonderful array of pine trees. The forests here also house some of the rare varieties of orchids that are found only in this region of the country. About 90% of the area is under forest cover. About 94% of the population belongs to Schedule Tribes whose lives are intrinsically woven with that of the forests. The state is now striving to march ahead and utilize the available natural resources as the same holds the key for economic development. Yet, it is a challenging task as the state is characterized by geographical isolation, poor infrastructure facilities, communication bottlenecks and low capital formation. The comprehensive details about Mizoram State are placed at Annexure-1. 3.1 History 17. The origin of the Mizos is generally accepted as part of a great Mongoloid wave of migration from China and later moved out to India to their present habitats. The Mizo history in the 18th and 19th Century is marked by many instances of tribal raids and retaliatory expeditions of security. Mizo Hills were formally declared as part of the British-India by a proclamation in 1895. North and south hills were united into Lushai Hills district in 1898 with Aizawl as its headquarters. The name is derived from Mi (people), Zo (hill) and Ram (land), and thus Mizoram implies "land of the hill people” and also was known as the Lushai Hills District of Assam before it Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 8 was renamed the Mizo Hills District in 1954. In 1972, it became a centrally administered union territory under the name of Mizoram. As a sequel to the signing of the Historic Memorandum of Settlement between the Government of India and the Mizo National Front in 1986, Mizoram was granted Statehood on February 20, 1987 as per Statehood Act of 1986 and Mizoram became the 23 rd State of the Indian Union. 3.2 Governance and Administration 18. Mizoram has witnessed vast constitutional, political and administrative changes during the past years. The traditional chieftainship was abolished and the District and Regional Councils created under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India give a substantial measure of local control. The power and functions of the Council is mainly three viz., Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary. The purpose of establishing the Autonomous District Council (ADC) is to provide for internal autonomy to the tribal people inhabiting these areas, and protect their social, cultural and economic interests, through granting them administrative and legal authority as per constitution of India. 19. Presently, the Lais, Maras and Chakmas have separate autonomous District Councils. The Village Councils are the grassroots of democracy in Mizoram. There are three District Councils cover two administrative districts - Lawngthlai and Saiha. 1. Chakma Autonomous District Council (CADC) – Area 1500 Sq km. 2. Mara Autonomous District Council (MADC) – Area 1445 Sq. km 3. Lai Autonomous District Council (LADC) – Area 1,871 Sq.km. 20. ADCs receive grant-in-aid annually from the State and the Central Government, and it also earns its own revenue from various sources. It also undertakes various development works through the development departments, such as PWD, PHE, Rural Development (RD), Agriculture Department, Horticulture Department and Planning and Development Dept. It also takes steps for propagation, protection and preservation of the ethnic identity through Arts & Culture Deptt. The majority of the people of Chakma Autonomous District Council in Mizoram are Buddhist (Theraveda) and are mostly farmers. They mainly grow rice, vegetables and fruits. Mara Autonomous District Council looks after many departments in her area including fisheries, schools (up to Middle school) and education, judiciary, land and revenue, forestry, Public Health Engineering (PHE), etc. The main occupation of the people of Lai Autonomous District Council is Agriculture (the backbone of its economy) having Rice as its staple food, other crops like ginger, sesame, banana, Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 9 chili, tilt, pine-apple, orange, mango, etc. are also cultivated. The Council also possesses rich natural resources of self-generating bamboo forest as well as thick tropical forest. 21. Unlike other states, Mizoram does not follow the system of Tahluk/Tahsil, etc., thus Rural Development Block areas have been taken as units to demarcate lower formation of geographical and administrative areas in the state. Four new RD Blocks were created after Census 2001 while there was only 22 RD Blocks in 2001 Census. In Census 2011, there are as many as 830 villages and out of which, 704 villages are inhabited and 126 villages are uninhabited. The administrative setup of the State is presented in Table 3.1 below. Table 3.1: Administrative Setup in Mizoram Sl. No. Administrative Units Census 2001 Census 2011 1. Districts 8 8 2. Rural Development Block 22 26 3. Village 817 830 3(a) Inhabited 707 704 3(b) Un-inhabited 110 126 4. Town (notified) 22 23 5. Autonomous District Council (ADC) 3 3 22. Mizo is the official language and the most widely used language for verbal interactions, but English, being important for education, administration, formalities and governance, is widely used. 3.3 Demographic Profile 23. As per Census 2011, the State has a population of 1,091,014 comprising 50.63% male and 49.37% female populations. The sex ratio stands at 975 females per thousand male populations. The decadal growth of population was 22.78% during 2001-2011. The population in the age group of 0-6 years constitutes 15.36% of the total population. The Scheduled Caste population comprises 0.11%, whereas tribal population constitutes 94% of the total population. The population density is 52 persons/ sq. km as compared to 382 persons/ sq. km at national level (Census 2011). The literacy rate (91.58%) of Mizoram is one of the highest in the country (against All India figure of 74 %). In Census 2011, gender wise literacy rates were 47.22% (male) and 44.11% (female), implying a difference of 3.11% only. Workers constitute 44.36% of the total population. Of the total workers, main workers and marginal workers comprise 85.27% and 14.73% respectively. Among main workers, those engaged in agricultural activities comprise 55.18%. Non-workers constitute 55.64% Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 10 of the total population indicating high dependency ratio. Urban population of Mizoram is more than 50% and a large majority of urban population is residing in Aizawl. The details of population as per Census 2011 are presented in Table 3.2. Table 3.2: Demographic Profile Sl. District Geographi Population Growth Sex Literacy Density No. cal Area Total Male Female Rate (%) Ratio (Persons) (Sq. km.) / Sq.km 1. Aizawl 3576 404054 201072 202982 24.07 1009 98.50 113 2. Lunglei 4538 154094 79252 74842 12.29 944 89.40 34 3. Champhai 3185 125370 63299 62071 15.66 981 93.51 39 4. Lawngtlai 2557 117444 60379 57065 59.53 945 66.41 46 5. Mamit 3025 85757 44567 41190 36.59 924 85.96 28 6. Kolasib 1382 83054 42456 40598 25.92 956 94.54 60 7. Serchhip 1421 64875 32824 32051 20.45 976 98.76 46 8. Saiha 1399 56366 28490 28490 -7.68 978 88.41 40 Total 21081 1091014 552,339 538675 22.78 975 91.58 52 Source: Census of India, 2011 24. Mizoram is the cradle of diverse communities like the Lusei, Ralte, Paite, Bete, Powi, Lakher, Hmar, Riang, Tlanglau, Pangs, Bawm, Bru, Chakma and others. They are mostly of Mongoloid race. The entire population is designated as “Scheduled Tribes”, as per Schedule VI of the Constitution. The Mizos are a close-knit society with no class distinction and no discrimination on grounds of sex. Ninety percent of them are cultivators and the village exists like a big family. Birth of a child, marriage in the village and death of a person in the village or a community feast arranged by a member of the village are important occasions in which the whole village is involved. Mizo society is a patriarchal society and the male head of the family control the social economic and religious affairs. However, women in social life enjoy freedom and are engaged in various economic activities. Christianity is predominant religion of the state. The inhabitants are mostly Christians followed by Buddhists, Hindus, Muslims and others. The closeness to the numerous international borders has made Mizoram a blend of various tribes that migrated from China, Myanmar (the erstwhile Burma), and the other parts of the Northeast. Some Mizo tribes may have formed a part of the people who lived in the Tao valley in northwest China. They slowly proceeded towards the border of Tibet and Myanmar and around 1700 AD, these tribes shifted to what is known as Mizoram today. The Bnei Menashe tribe claim Jewish descent. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 11 3.4 Land, Agriculture and Forests 25. Mizoram has the most variegated hilly terrain in the eastern part of India. The hills are steep and are separated by rivers which flow either to the north or the south creating deep gorges between the hill ranges. It is also called a land of rolling hills, valleys, rivers and lakes. As many as 21 major hill ranges or peaks of different heights run through the length and breadth of the state, with plains scattered here and there. The average heights of the hills to the west of the state are about 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). These gradually rise up to 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) to the east. Some areas, however, have higher ranges which go up to a height of over 2,000 metres (6,600 ft). Phawngpui Tlang also known as the Blue Mountain, situated in the south-eastern part of the state, is the highest peak in Mizoram at 2,210 metres (7,250 ft). About 90% of the state is covered by forests, 8.8% is fallows land and net sown area is 4.67%. Slash-and-burn or jhum cultivation, though discouraged, remains in practice in Mizoram and affects its topography. 26. Agriculture is the dominant economic activity of Mizoram, engaging more than two-thirds of the workforce in the early 21st century. Two types of agriculture are practiced: terrace cultivation, in which crops are planted on relatively permanent, graduated terraces on the sides of hills and mountains to conserve water and reduce soil loss; and shifting agriculture, in which tracts called jhum are cleared by burning, cultivated for a limited period of time, and then abandoned for a number of years to allow regeneration of the natural vegetation and nutrients in the soil. An increase in the number of people farming in the 20th century forced a reduction in the traditional eight-year cycle of Jhum regeneration, which in turn resulted in a decrease in farm productivity. Rice, corn (maize), cotton, and vegetables are the main crops.Land use pattern of the State is illustrated in Table 3.3. Table 3.3: Land Use Pattern Land Use Area in ‘000 ha Percentage Total geographical area 2,108 Reporting area for land utilization 2,075 100.00 Forests 1,585 76.39 Not available for cultivation 95 4.58 Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 5 0.24 Land under misc. Tree crops and groves 41 1.98 Culturable wasteland 7 0.34 Fallow lands other than current fallows 183 8.82 Current fallows 61 2.94 Net area sown 97 4.97 Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, GOI, 2011-12 Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 12 27. Forest covers 19,054 sq. km. which is 90.38% of the State’s geographical area. In terms of forest canopy density classes, the State has 138.00 sq.km. very dense forest, 5900 sq.km. moderately dense forest and 13,016 sq.km. open forest. The recorded forest area of the State is 16,717. sq.km. Reserve Forest constitute 7909 sq. km, Protected Forests constitute 3568 sq. km and un-classed forests constitute 5240 sq. km of the total Forest Area. This is tabulated in Table 3.4. Table 3.4: District-wise Forest Cover No. District Geograph 2013 Assessment(Area in km²) Percent Scrub ical Area Very Mod. Open Total of GA Dense Dense Forest Forest Forest 1. Aizawl 3,575 30 1,168 2,051 3,249 90.88 0 2. Champhai 3,185 60 1,058 1,647 2,765 86.81 0 3. Kolasib 1,382 0 191 1,038 1,229 88.93 0 4. Lawngtlai 2,557 0 704 1,646 2,356 91.93 0 5. Lunglei 4,536 1 1,192 3,003 4,196 92.50 0 6. Mamit 3,025 41 644 2,091 2,776 91.77 0 7. Saiha 1,400 0 553 712 1,265 90.36 0 8. Serchip 1,421 6 390 828 1,224 86.14 0 Total 21,081 138 5,900 13,016 19,054 90.38 0 Source: State Forest Report, 2013 3.5 Protected Areas Wetlands and IBA Sites 28. Mizoram has 10 protected area, out of which 2 are National Park (NP), 1 Tiger Reserve and remaining 7 are Wildlife Sanctuaries (WLS) covering an area of 1240.75 sq km, which is 5.88% of total geographical area. Lists of protected area including its size, location are presented in Table 3.5 below; Table 3.5: List of Protected Area Sl. No. Name of Protected Areas Area in sq.km. District 1 Murlen National Park 100 Champhai 2 Phawngpui National Park 50 Lawngtlai 3 Dampa Tiger Reserve 500 Mamit 4 Ngengpui Wildlife Sanctuary 110 Lawngtlai 5 Khawnglung Wildlife Sanctuary 35.75 Lunglei 6 Lengteng Wildlife Sanctuary 60 Champhai 7 Tawi Wildlife Sanctuary 35 Aizawl 8 Thorangtlang Wildlife Sanctuary 50 Lunglei 9 Pualreng Wildlife Sanctuary 50 Kolasib 10 Tokalo Wildlife Sanctuary 250 Saiha Total 1240.75 Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 13 29. The Mizoram state has three types of (natural) lakes: valley lakes, tectonic/landslide lakes and artificial reservoirs. Palak lake, Tlawng river and Tamdil lake are the important wetlands of Mizoram. But the only lake of significance is Palak Dil, which is a natural lake in a depression in the hills. The forest around the lake is Tropical Wet Evergreen. Many of the nearby hills are covered by jhum (slash and burn cultivation), bamboo brakes as well as woody vegetation. An interesting feature of the forests surrounding the lake is the presence of low-lying swamps, which transform in to shallow lakes during the monsoon. The lake is surrounded by moderately steep hills. The area has Dipterocarp-dominated Tropical Evergreen Forest. The forests are rich in palms, rattans, dense cane-brakes and reeds along the lake margin. Locally in Mizoram, lakes are called dils. There are many such dils scattered all over the state, but they are tiny pools or marshy depressions such as Rengdil, Tamdil and Mampui Dil etc. The major Wetlands of State is presented in Table 3.6. Table 3.6: Wetlands in Mizoram Name of the Area in No. District Important Flora and Fauna found Wetland km2 1. Palak Dil. Saiha 26.85 A3 (Biome 9: Indo-Chinese Tropical Moist Forest) Recent research in this area has revealed the presence (Natural lake) of 42 species of mammals and 136 species of avifauna including rare and threatened primates like the Phayre’s leaf monkey (Trachypithecus obscurus phayrei) and the Western hoolock gibbon (Hoolock hoolock hoolock) 2. Tamdil Aizwal 7.92 Surrounded by tropical evergreen and moist deciduous forest with species like Sehenia Wallichii, (River) Chikrassia tabularis, Albizzia sp., Artocarpus sp., Merus sp., bamboos etc. Fish& plenty of prawns in this lake. In surrounding forests bear, deer, wild pig and common avifauna are found. Source: National wetland Atlas Mizoram 2012 (MoEF) 30. Mizoram is very rich in bird life. About 275 species of birds from 39 families have been recorded so far. Major threatened species found in the State are Blyth’s Tragopan, Mrs. Hume’s Pheasant, Dark-Rumped or Khasi Hills Swift and Rufousnecked Hornbill. The list of IBA Sites in the State along with IBA Criteria is presented in table below; S. No IBA Site name IBA Criteria 1. Blue Mountain (Phawngpui) National Park A1, A2 2. Dampa Tiger Reserve A2 3. Lengteng Wildlife Sanctuary A1, A2 4. Murlen National Park A1, A2 5. Ngengpui Wildlife Sanctuary A3 6. Palak Lake A3 Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 14 31. Despite high literacy rate, Mizoram, as a whole, is economically backward. This is largely due to unfavourable natural environment, poor and inadequate communication network. The mountainous terrain has more or less isolated the state from the rest of the country and also inhibited improved communications within the state. The economy is agro-based and items produced in the households are primarily of low value and cater to the local needs. The jhum (shifting) cultivation of the state produces a number of varieties of agricultural products ranging from paddy to pineapples. The principal crop is paddy and others are maize, cucumber, beans, arum, ginger, mustard, sesame, cotton etc. After clearing the burnt jhum, seeds for crops other than paddy are sown. Towards the end of April near the full moon time, paddy is sown. Mainly two types of paddy seeds are sown in the same field - early paddy and principal paddy. Yield of early paddy is rather poor but it ripens early and provides sustenance till the principal paddy is harvested. 32. Mizoram gross state domestic product (GSDP) in 2011-2012 was about 6991 crores (US$1.1 billion).The state's gross state domestic product (GSDP) growth rate was nearly 10% annually over 2001-2013 period. With international borders with Bangladesh and Myanmar, it is an important port state for Southeast Asian imports to India, as well as exports from India. The biggest contributors to state's GSDP growth are Agriculture, Public Administration and Construction work. Tertiary sector of service sector continued to have the contribution to the GSDP with its share hovering between 58 per cent and 60 per cent during the past decade. As of 2013, according to the Reserve Bank of India, 20.4% of total state population is below poverty line, about same as the 21.9% average for India. Rural poverty is significantly higher in Mizoram, with 35.4% below the poverty line compared to India's rural poverty average of 25.7; while in urban areas of Mizoram, 6.4% are below the poverty line. The state is developing its Kolodyne River for navigation and international trade. The State is a power deficit state, with plans to develop its hydroelectric potential. After agriculture, the major employers of its people include handloom and horticulture industries. Tourism is a growth industry. In 2008, the State had nearly 7,000 registered companies. The state government has been implementing Special Economic Zones (SEZs) to encourage economic growth. 3.6 Power Scenario 33. The State has predominantly two sources of power; one being its own hydel generation of about 29.35MW (out of its 11 SHP) and another from Central Sector allocation of 64.53 MW The present peak demand of the State is 178MW. There remains a shortfall of about 84MW. 34. PEDM is having 729 km length of 132kV, 117 km of 66kV transmission lines and 7 nos. of 132kV Grid substation with transformation capacity of 140.6 MVA. It has over 1170 km of 33kV Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 15 line, 5045 km of 11kV lines, 2747.59 km length of LT lines, 45 nos. of 33kV Grid S/S and more than 1630 nos. of various capacities of Distribution Transformers across the entire State with transformation capacity of 146.9 MVA. The Department serves power supply to nearly 2 lakhs consumers and the per capita consumption at the end of 11th Plan is 252 kWh. At the end of 12th Plan, number of consumers is projected at 2, 55,561 nos. and per capita consumption is projected to be 318 Kwh. 35. In order to provide quality power supply and service at affordable cost together with sustainable development practices PEDM has undertaken many proactive and bold initiatives like covering 100% household electrification, Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) for Residential implementation of system strengthening under Restructured Accelerated Power Development Reform Programme(RAPDRP) and Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY). 3.7 Road Ahead 36. The State is endowed with hydropower potentiality for power generation of about 4000 MW without much damage to environment. Present peak demand of the State is 178MW. Own generation is 29.35. PEDM gets about 64.53 MW from Central Power sector allocation out of allocation of 132.3 MW including about 10.5 MW from Tripura. There remains a shortfall of about 84MW. To cater the shortfall, PEDM is executing Tlawva SHP (2x2.5 MW) which will be completed and commissioned by 2014-2015. Another Tuirial HEP (60 MW) is on-going project executed by NEEPCO and the project is scheduled to be completed during the 12th five-year plan. Tuivai HEP (210 MW) is also in the pipeline and the project shall be taken up in the State Sector on PPP Mode under VGF policy of GoI. So efforts are underway not only to bridge the gap but also to ensure that adequate power is made available to enable boosting of State economy. 37. To achieve such ambitious target/ goal, Mizoram has planned for major expansion and augmentation of its transmission and distribution network with sustainability for which ESPP has been designed to identify, address, and mitigate any adverse environmental and social issues during project implementation. Details of proposed expansion/augmentation of power system network in the State of Mizoram with the financial support amounting to Rs. 298 Crores from GoI and World Bank is placed at Annexure-2. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 16 4. Stakeholder Analysis 38. The prime objective of the proposed investment is to strengthen the power sector in the State of Mizoram and capacity building to achieve sustainable development in the long term. The implementations of schemes with proposed investments are expected to facilitate power delivery to remote/virgin areas, to enhance the capacity & reliability of the system, to improve voltage profile & to reduce losses and ultimately to enhance satisfaction for all categories of consumers which in turn will spur growth & overall development in the whole State. The scheme is aimed to fulfill the above objectives in the following way:  To feed the remote or unconnected areas.  To meet the growing demand, both in domestic & industrial segments.  To improve reliability and quality of power through bi-furcation/trifurcation of existing 11kV very long overloaded feeders and connection of the different sections of 11 kV feeder/ line so formed to new substations.  To improve availability of power by augmenting the capacity of existing overloaded power transformers.  Reduction in technical losses due to improvement in voltage profile/power quality. 39. Stakeholder’s analysis has been undertaken to identify the issues and the concerns of various stakeholders who are supposed to be either directly or indirectly impacted/benefited or assume a position wherein they can have a significant role to play on project implementation. The Stakeholder’s analysis has been carried out to identify existing relationship and also to understand the roles, responsibilities and relations of these stakeholders in context of shaping the environment and social issues with respect to proposed project. The details of the key stakeholders identified at various levels from national level up to village/panchayat level and their issues & expectations with respect to proposed project has been provided in Table 4.1. The process of consultation with stakeholders involves formal and informal discussion. A wide range of issues were discussed with various stakeholders that might have environmental/ social concern. These are listed below. Table 4.1: Key Stakeholders and their expectations/issues No. Levels Key Stakeholders Expectations and Issues Improvement of overall power scenario of State and Government of India National timely implementation of project to achieve the A Level intended objective. Ministry of Power Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 17 No. Levels Key Stakeholders Expectations and Issues Strengthening of T&D networks of State & Capacity World Bank development of Utility and ensuring implementation of environment and social safeguards. Would expect active support from state utility and other stakeholders for timely implementation of POWERGRID project with intended benefits like providing electricity supply to remote or unconnected area Regional DONER B Economic development of the North Eastern region Level NEC Availability of land and other clearances for timely Power & Electricity implementation projects. Department Capacity building activities to enable undertaking such projects on their own in future. Ensuring protection of Mizo customary laws, religious and social practice due to proposed intervention. Tribal Welfare Proper implementation of welfare measures and policy Department initiatives as envisaged in the applicable legislation with structured and continuous consultation on project activities. Protection of forest and protected areas, timely State Forest C State Level processing of approvals for utilization of forest land Department with minimum loss or implication to State forest Utilities like Water During implementation –coordination for timely supply, PHE, Oil & shifting of utilities as necessary and secured power Gas, etc. supply to enhance efficiency of their activities. Ensuring that all the activities do take place as per the State Legal law of the land. Department Issuance of the proper guidelines and timely interpretations of the legalities, as appropriate Proper information dissemination at the local Local NGOs community level and act as watch dog to oversee implementation as per applicable legal provisions. Media Coordination for information dissemination Project intervention would ensure requirement of minimum land area and affect minimum people as far District Administration- as possible. Regular co-ordination/ consultation D District Level Revenue Department between implementation agency and projected affected persons for early resolution of grievances & conflict management. Implementation of project in their area would create Village council heads, employment and increase business opportunity to local E Village Level members, etc. and development of area though better accessibility of quality and reliable supply of power. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 18 No. Levels Key Stakeholders Expectations and Issues Protection of right of the affected persons and early resolution of grievances during project implementation. Proper coordination and approvals for utilization/acquisition of land from village council and for carrying out other physical interventions in these areas as necessary. Local community leaders, elders, community groups, women groups etc be involved and consulted to Informal groups address issues related to compensation, employment opportunity due to project activity and coordination as necessary. Women groups – be included in all consultation and be Women made part of decision making process related to project in their domain. Ensuring recognition and protection of their Others institutions, property, social, cultural, religious values and practices Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 19 5. Issues, Impacts and Management Measures – Social 40. Key social/institutional issues emanating from stakeholder analysis relate to the following:  Securing/Alienation of land for substation;  Temporary damages to land, crops, trees or structures during construction;  Community participation during project cycle i.e. planning, implementation and operation;  Health and Safety risk including HIV/AIDS;  Locals, Women and Inter agency participation/coordination. 5.1 Impacts – Social 41. This section identifies the potential social impacts of the proposed projects in terms of the nature, magnitude, extent and location, timing and duration of the anticipated impacts. These impacts are both positive or negative relating to the project design stage, construction stage or the project operation and decommissioning stage. i. Positive Impacts  Employment creation;  Improved and reliable power supply;  Increased economic activity;  Improved road infrastructure;  Gender – Access to electricity would improve the quality of life and also reduce the time consumption of women for household activities which will entail availability of more time for other activities;  Less reliance of fossil fuels like firewood, charcoal etc.;  Capacity Building. ii. Negative Impacts  Loss of land;  Restriction of land use;  Temporary loss of access to Common Property Resources and  Health and Safety risk including HIV/AIDS. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 20 5.2 Management Framework – Social 42. Based on the issues to be addressed and impacts likely to occur, appropriate management measures have been drawn for implementation to mitigate the possible impacts due to proposed project interventions. While for positive impacts, enhancement measures are suggested; for negative impacts suitable mitigation measures has been included. Details of potential socials issues and its management framework and measures are outlined in ESPP. Apart from this PEDM has developed a standard Environment Management Plan (Refer Annex.- A attached in ES) for its transmission and distribution projects which shall be made part of contract document for proper implementation by the Contractor. Summary of potential social issues and corresponding management measures is provided below in Table – 5.1. Key principles governing the drawing of management measures and some ‘definitions’ are presented initially for a better reading of the measures. 5.3 Principles 43. The basic principles that guide this Social Management Framework (SMF) are: ― Avoidance socially sensitive areas while planning project activities; ― Minimization of impacts when project activities occur in socially sensitive areas; ― Mitigation of any unavoidable negative impacts arising out of its projects; ― Optimization of land requirement; and ― Greater transparency through involvement of community and other stakeholders through consultation. 5.4 Definitions 44. Following definitions will be applicable unless otherwise stated specifically; “Administrator" means an officer appointed for the purpose of rehabilitation and resettlement of affected families under sub-section (l) of section 43; "Affected area" means such area as may be notified by the appropriate Government for the purposes of land acquisition; "Affected family" includes; i) a family whose land or other immovable property has been acquired; ii) a family which does not own any land but a member or members of such family may be agricultural labourers, tenants including any form of tenancy or holding of usufruct right, share-croppers or artisans or who may be working in the affected area for three years prior to Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 21 the acquisition of the land, whose primary source of livelihood stand affected by the acquisition of land; iii) the Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers who have lost any of their forest rights recognised under the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 due to acquisition of land; iv) family whose primary source of livelihood for three years prior to the acquisition of the land is dependent on forests or water bodies and includes gatherers of forest produce, hunters, fisher folk and boatmen and such livelihood is affected due to acquisition of land; v) a member of the family who has been assigned land by the State Government or the Central Government under any of its schemes and such land is under acquisition; vi) a family residing on any land in the urban areas for preceding three years or more prior to the acquisition of the land or whose primary source of livelihood for three years prior to the acquisition of the land is affected by the acquisition of such land; "Appropriate Government" means,— i) in relation to acquisition of land situated within the territory of, a State, the State Government; ii) in relation to acquisition of land situated within a Union territory (except Puducherry), the Central Government; iii) in relation to acquisition of land situated within the Union territory of Puducherry, the Government of Union territory of Puducherry; iv) in relation to acquisition of land for public purpose in more than one State, the Central Government, in consultation with the concerned State Governments or Union territories; and v) in relation to the acquisition of land for the purpose of the Union as may be specified by notification, the Central Government: Provided that in respect of a public purpose in a District for an area not exceeding such as may be notified by the appropriate Government, the Collector of such District shall be deemed to be the appropriate Government; "Authority" means the Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation and Resettlement Authority established under section 51; "Collector" means the Collector of a revenue district, and includes a Deputy Commissioner and any officer specially designated by the appropriate Government to perform the functions of a Collector under this Act; Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 22 "Commissioner" means the Commissioner for Rehabilitation and Resettlement appointed under sub-section (/) of section 44; "Cost of acquisition" includes; i) amount of compensation which includes solatium, any enhanced compensation ordered by the Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation and Resettlement Authority or the Court and interest payable thereon and any other amount determined as payable to the affected families by such Authority or Court; ii) demurrage to be paid for damages caused to the land and standing crops in the process of acquisition; iii) cost of acquisition of land and building for settlement of displaced or adversely affected families; iv) cost of development of infrastructure and amenities at the resettlement areas; v) cost of rehabilitation and resettlement as determined in accordance with the provisions of this Act; vi) administrative cost,— a) for acquisition of land, including both in the project site and out of project area lands, not exceeding such percentage of the cost of compensation as may be specified by the appropriate Government; b) for rehabilitation and resettlement of the owners of the land and other affected families whose land has been acquired or proposed to be acquired or other families affected by such acquisition; c) cost of undertaking 'Social Impact Assessment study': "Displaced family" means any family, who on account of acquisition of land has to be relocated and resettled from the affected area to the resettlement area; "Family" includes a person, his or her spouse, minor children, minor brothers and minor sisters dependent on him: Provided that widows, divorcees and women deserted by families shall be considered separate families; "Holding of land" means the total land held by a person as an owner, occupant or tenant or otherwise; "Infrastructure project" shall include any one or more of the items specified in clause ( b ) of sub- section (7) of section 2: Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 23 "Land" includes benefits to arise out of land, and things attached to the earth or permanently fastened to anything attached to the earth; "Landless" means such persons or class of persons who may be,— i) considered or specified as such under any State law for the time being in force; or ii) in a case of landless not being specified under sub-clause (0. as may be specified by the appropriate Government; "Land owner" includes any person,— i) whose name is recorded as (he owner of the land or building or part thereof, in the records of the authority concerned; or ii) any person who is granted forest rights under the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 or under any other law for the time being in force; or iii) who is entitled to be granted Patta rights on the land under any law of the State including assigned lands: or iv) any person who has been declared as such by an order of the court or Authority; "Local authority" includes a town planning authority (by whatever name called) set up under any law for the time being in force, a Panchayat as defined in article 243 and a Municipality as defined in article 243P, of the Constitution; "Marginal farmer" means a cultivator with an un-irrigated land holding up to one hectare or irrigated land holding up to one-half hectare: "Market value" means the value of land determined in accordance with section 26; "Notification" means a notification published in the Gazette of India or, as the case may be, the Gazette of a State and the expression "notify" shall be construed accordingly; "Patta" shall have the same meaning as assigned to it in the relevant Central or State Acts or rules or regulations made thereunder; "Person interested" means— i) all persons claiming an interest in compensation to be made on account of the acquisition of land under this Act; ii) the Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers, who have lost any forest rights recognised under the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006; Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 24 iii) a person interested in an easement affecting the land; iv) persons having tenancy rights under the relevant State laws including share-croppers by whatever name they may be called; and v) any person whose primary source of livelihood is likely to be adversely affected; "Project" means a project for which land is being acquired, irrespective of the number of persons affected; "Public purpose" means the activities specified under sub-section (/) of section 2; "Requiring Body" means a company, a body corporate, an institution, or any other organisation or person for whom land is to be acquired by the appropriate Government, and includes the appropriate Government, if the acquisition of land is for such Government either for its own use or for subsequent transfer of such land is for public purpose to a company, body corporate, an institution, or any other organisation, as the case may be, under lease, licence or through any other mode of transfer of land; "Resettlement Area" means an area where the affected families who have been displaced as a result of land acquisition are resettled by the appropriate Government; “Scheduled Areas" means the Scheduled Areas as defined in section 2 of the Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996; "Small farmer" means a cultivator with an un-irrigated land holding up to two hectares or with an irrigated land holding up to one hectare, but more than the holding of a marginal farmer. Table 5.1: Management Measures to address Potential Social Issues No Potential Issues Management Measures For Trenche-1, this is not an issue as land for construction of all proposed transmission and distribution substations are already 1 Loss of land available with PEDM (for details refer Table-5.4). As there is no acquisition of fresh land is involved, physical relocation/displacement is not envisaged. Due to inherent flexibility in locating substation and very small size of land, PEDM avoids habituated area completely hence no Change in land use and physical relocation/displacement of population on account of 2 population relocation for setting up of substation is envisaged. substations However, securing lands may be an issue for subsequent investments under future tranches as well as those supported with other sources of finance. Keeping in this in view, and in case, lands may have to be secured, the same it can be Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 25 No Potential Issues Management Measures accomplished through following three methods; (iv) Purchase of land on willing buyer & Willing Seller basis on negotiated rate; (v) Voluntary Donation; and (vi) Involuntary Acquisition. In case of procurement of land through private purchase, PEDM shall ensure that compensation/rate for land is not less than the rate provided in the new land acquisition act, 2013. In order to comply with this provision PEDM may organize an awareness camp where provisions of new act in respect of basis/modalities of compensation calculation shall be explained to land owners with specific State provision if any. In the case of voluntary donation of land, the following shall be ensured:  The land user(s) will not be subjected to undue pressure for parting of land;  All out efforts shall be made to avoid any physical relocation/displacement due to loss of land;  The PEDM shall facilitate in extending ‘gratitude’ to the land donor(s) in lieu of the ‘contribution’ if so agreed. The same shall be documented in the shape of MoU between donor and utility and subsequently title of land transferred in the name of PEDM.  All land donations (as well as purchases) will be subject to a review/ approval from a committee comprising representatives of different sections including those from the IA and GoM. In case of land acquired through involuntary acquisition, provisions of RFCTLARRA, 2013 shall be followed. (for details refer Part -A of Social Management Framework placed as Annexure – 3). However, the same will be applicable only when the new act is adopted by State Legislative Assembly (refer para 24). As per existing law, land for tower/pole and right of way is not Change in land use and acquired and agricultural activities are allowed to continue after 3 population relocation due to construction activity and PEDM pays compensation for all towers/ poles damages including cost of land below tower to its owner without acquiring it. Hence change in land use and resultant relocation of people is not envisaged in T&D projects. 4 Right of Way Land for tower and right of way is not acquired as agricultural activities can continue. However, the project shall pay full Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 26 No Potential Issues Management Measures compensation to all the affected persons/ community for any damages sustained during the execution of work. Accordingly, PEDM has formulated appropriate management plan in the form of Compensation Plan for Temporary Damage (CPTD) to minimize the damages and provide compensation plan for temporary damages in consultation with the state government and affected persons and/ or community (for details refer Part – B of Social Management Framework placed as Annexure – 3).. As it is evident from the Census of India, 2011, that the tribal population constitutes > 94% of the state total population therefore the intended benefits due to this project implementation (providing a basic amenity like power) would enhance the living standard and quality of life in general for the tribal population in the region. It is also pertinent to mention that the tribal population in the state has their own self- governance system through ADC/VDC with administrative, judiciary and customary rights as per provisions of the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India. Any physical 5 Impact on Tribal interventions (related to land acquisition and CPTD) in the scheduled areas, in particular and tribal areas, in general, in such region can only be implemented with the prior consent of the ADC/VDC. Thus, it is further substantiated that the process of implementation as provided in the project cycle indicates this approval process as an integrated activity of the social mitigation plan as necessary. Further, RFCTLARRA 2013 also stipulates additional provisions related to tribals and scheduled areas. All these are detailed in a TPDF (Anneuxre-3, Part-C)8. Moreover, no fresh land acquisition is involved for tranche-I projects as the land for all proposed substations is already in possession of PEDM. Women involvement will be planned through formal and 6 Gender/ women participation informal group consultations so that their participation is ensured during preparation and implementation of the project. Induced secondary PEDM operations are short-lived and do not induce secondary 7 development during developments during construction. construction During construction the health and safety aspects of workers Health and safety of and nearby community shall be implemented through 8 worker/employee/community contractors with due diligence and compliance of required regulation/guideline through a safety plan PEDM uses best available technology for lines and do not cause any hazards to 8 All the provisions will become applicable only if tribal land is acquired involuntarily by invoking provisions of this act. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 27 No Potential Issues Management Measures health and safety. “Chance finds” or discovery Possibilities of such phenomenon in T&D project are quite of any archaeological remote due to limited and shallow excavations. However, in 9 artifacts, treasure etc. during case of such findings, PEDM will follow the laid down excavation procedure in the Section-4 of Indian Treasure Trove Act, 1878 as amended in1949. 45. Implementation viz., operationalization of the management measures necessarily needs to be done in the realm of regional/ national/ international legal and regulatory stipulations. The same is discussed below. 5.5 Legal and Regulatory Framework 46. The applicable acts, rules, and relevant policies in the context of the project are presented in Table- 5.2. The Project Authority will ensure that project implementation is consistent with provision of such legal framework. Table – 5.2 : Legal and Regulatory Provisions - Social Acts, Regulations No. Relevance/ Applicability to the project and Policies 1. Constitutional Provisions Provisions provide Special Power to ADC Area for the support/ development of Tribal. Any activity sited in ADC area needs their consent. The Sixth Schedule provides for administration of tribal areas as autonomous entities. The administration of an autonomous district is vested 6th Schedule of in a District Council and of an autonomous region, in a Regional Council. 1 the Constitution These Councils are endowed with legislative, judicial, executive and financial powers. These institutions were expected to integrate these areas with the modern system of administration while preserving the traditional autonomy and local self-governing institutes of the tribal people. Provisions provide Special Power to Legislative Assembly to make laws Article 371 A of regarding the religious and social practice, ownership and transfer of land 2. the Indian and its resource. The laws enacted by Parliament would only apply to the Constitution state once it is adopted by State Legislative Assembly. II. Provisions of Law of the Land The Right to Fair The Act provides for enhanced compensation and assistances measures and Compensation and adopts a more consultative and participatory approach in dealing with the Transparency in Project Affected Persons. This act is currently not applicable in the State as 3. Land Acquisition, the State Legislative Assembly has not yet adopted the resolution regarding Rehabilitation and applicability of new act as per provision under article 371G of the Resettlement Act, constitution of India. As per past experience it has been noticed that the Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 28 Acts, Regulations No. Relevance/ Applicability to the project and Policies 2013 process of adoption of central act takes time due to involvement of elaborate consultation for arriving consensus. As and when this Act becomes applicable and adopted by the State of Mizoram then PEDM, GoM too shall be bound by and would need to comply with relevant provisions of the Act. The salient features of the provisions of the new RFCTLARRA, 2013 are given in Annexure- 4. Transmission line projects are constructed under the ambit of Electricity Act, 2003 following the provisions of Section 67 & 68 of act. Under the provisions of Section 68(1):-Prior approval of the Govt. of Mizoram (GoM) is a mandatory requirement to undertake any new project in the State which authorizes PEDM to plan and coordinate activities to Electricity Act, commission a new transmission/distribution project. 4. 2003 (EA, 2003) The electricity act under Section 164 has a provision to grant licensee the power of Telegraph Authority as provided in the Indian Telegraph Act, 18859. Govt. of Mizoram on request of PEDM may by order in writing/through notification authorize them for using powers of telegraph authority after fulfilling the requirement as laid down in the rules thereof. The salient features of the Electricity Act 2003 are given in Annexure- 5. In case of agricultural or private land damages, Section-67 and or Section- Rights of Way 68 (5 & 6) of the Electricity Act, 2003 and Section-10 of the Indian 5. (RoW) and Telegraph Act, 1885 if vested with power under section 164 of the Compensation Electricity Act are followed for assessment and payment of compensation towards such damage. The act recognizes and vests the forest rights and occupation in forest land to forest dwelling. Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers who have been residing in such forests for generations but whose rights The Scheduled could not be recorded, and provides for a framework for recording the forest Tribes and Other rights so vested and the nature of evidence required for such recognition and Traditional Forest vesting in respect of forest land. 6. Dwellers The definitions of forest dwelling Schedule Tribes, forestland, forest rights, (Recognition of forest villages, etc. have been included in Section 2 of the Act. The Union Forest Rights) Ministry of Tribal Affairs is the nodal agency for implementation of the Act Act, 2006 while field implementation is the responsibility of the government agencies. The applicability of this act has also been linked with forest clearance process under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 w.e.f. August 2009 by MoEF shall be complied by PEDM. The Mizoram The act provides for procedure to be followed in case of allotment of land, 7. (Land Revenue) its tax collection etc. It also specifically mention about the land not to be Act, 2013 processed for allotment within the areas of 800 metres measuring from the 9 POWERGRID, the designated Implementing Agency has already been vested with powers of telegraph authority by GoI vide Gazette Notification dated Dec.24, 2003. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 29 Acts, Regulations No. Relevance/ Applicability to the project and Policies centre on either side of the following rivers, which may alter the transmission alignment in some cases. (a) Tlawng; (b) Tut; (c) Teirei; (d) Langkaih;(e) Chemlui; (f) Serlui; (g) Tuivawl; (h) Tuirini; (i) Tuirial; (j) Kau;(k) De; (l) Phairuang; (m) Tuiruang ; (n) Khawthlangtuipui;(o) Mat; (p) Tuichang (Lunglei District); (q) Tuichang ; (r) Tuipui;(s) Tiau. Mizoram This Act is applicable to the whole of Mizoram excepting the areas of the (Prevention of Autonomous District Councils under the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution 8. Government Land of India. This act is not directly applicable to transmission projects because Encroachment) it deals with the prevention and penalty for encroachment on government Act, 2001 land. The Act provides for setting out the practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public The Right to authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the 9. Information Act, working of every public authority, the constitution of a Central Information 2005 Commission and State Information Commissions and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. The act provides for procedures to be followed in case of finding of any Indian Treasure treasure, archaeological artifacts’ etc. during excavation. Trove Act, 1878 10. Possibilities of such discoveries are quite remote due to limited and shallow as amended in 1949 excavations. However, in case of such findings, PEDM will follow the laid down procedure in the Section-4 of act. Workman’s The act specifies the employer’s liability for compensation to the employee 11.. Compensation in several situations. Act, 1923 III. World Bank OP (Operational Policy) This policy covers direct economic and social impacts that both result from Bank-assisted investment projects, and are caused by the involuntary taking of land. To avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement and, where this is OP 4.12 – not feasible, assist displaced persons in improving or at least restoring their 11. Involuntary livelihoods and standards of living in real terms relative to pre-displacement Resettlement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. Comparison between World Bank Policy (OP 4.12) Requirements and RFCTLARR Act, 2013 is placed in Table 5.3 This policy contributes to the Bank's mission of poverty reduction and sustainable development by ensuring that the development process fully respects the dignity, human rights, economies, and cultures of Indigenous OP 4.10 – Peoples. The Bank provides project financing only where free, prior, and 9. Indigenous informed consultation results in broad community support to the project by Peoples the affected Indigenous Peoples. Such Bank-financed projects include measures to (a) avoid potentially adverse effects on the Indigenous Peoples’ communities; or (b) when avoidance is not feasible, minimize, mitigate, or Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 30 Acts, Regulations No. Relevance/ Applicability to the project and Policies compensate for such effects Bank-financed projects are also designed to ensure that the Indigenous Peoples receive social and economic benefits that are culturally appropriate and gender and inter generationally inclusive. The project shall ascertain broad community support for the project based on social assessment and free prior and informed consultation with the affected Tribal community, if any. Table – 5.3: Analysis of Requirements under WB Policy (OP 4.12) and RFCTLARR Act, 2013 S. World Bank Involuntary RFCTLARRA, Remarks and provisions in RFCTLARRA, N Resettlement Requirement 2013 2013 Policy objectives 1 Avoid involuntary Social Impact assessment (SIA) should include: resettlement (IR) wherever (i) whether the extent of land proposed for feasible acquisition is the absolute bare minimum extent √ needed for the project; (ii) whether land acquisition at an alternate place has been considered and found not feasible. [ Section 4 sub-section 4(d) and 4(e)] 2 Where resettlement cannot be The cumulative outcome of compulsory avoided, resettlement acquisition should be that affected persons activities should be become partners in development leading conceived and executed as a [ Preamble of the RFCTLARR Act] development programme by √ providing sufficient resources to enable Affected Persons (APs) to share in project benefits. 3 APs should be meaningfully Whenever a SIA is required, the appropriate consulted and provided Government shall ensure that a public hearing is opportunities to participate in held at the affected area, after giving adequate planning and implementing publicity about the date, time and venue for the √ resettlement programs. public hearing, to ascertain the views of the affected families to be recorded and included in the SIA Report. [ Section 4 (1), 5, 45 (2)] 4 APs should be assisted in The cumulative outcome of compulsory their efforts to improve their acquisition should be that affected persons livelihoods and standards of become partners in development leading to an living, or at least restore √ improvement in their post acquisition social and them, to pre-displacement economic status and for matters connected levels or to pre-project levels. therewith or incidental thereto. [Preamble of the RFCTLARR Act] Coverage of Impacts 5 Involuntary taking of land Preamble of the said Act envisages restoration of resulting in loss of income livelihood as one of the guiding principle. √ sources or means of In the definition of affected family in includes ‘a livelihood, whether or not the family which does not own any land but a Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 31 affected persons must move member or members of such family may be to another place agricultural labourers, tenants including any form of tenancy or holding of usufruct right, sharecroppers or artisans or who may be working in the affected area for three years prior to the acquisition of the land, whose primary source of livelihood stand affected by the acquisition of land; and further, a distinction is made between affected family and displaced family in the definition (i.e) a displaced family means any family, who on account of acquisition of land has to be relocated and resettled from the affected area to the resettlement area. [Section 3 sub-section c (ii) and k] Involuntary taking of land In the definition of affected family, it includes ‘a resulting in loss of assets or family whose land or other immovable property access to assets has been acquired’ [ Section 3 sub-section c (i)] 6 Involuntary restriction of In the definition of affected family in includes access to of access to legally ‘family whose primary source of livelihood for designated parks and three years prior to the acquisition of the land is protected areas resulting in dependent on forests or water bodies and includes √ adverse impacts on the gatherers of forest produce, hunters, fisher folk livelihoods of the displaced and boatmen and such livelihood is affected due persons. to acquisition of land’ [Section 3 sub-section c (vi)] Eligibility Criteria 7 Those who have formal legal In the definition of affected family, it includes ‘a rights to land (including family whose land or other immovable property customary and traditional √ has been acquired’ rights recognized under the [Section 3 sub-section c (i)] laws of the country) 8 Those who do not have In the definition of affected family, it includes formal legal rights to land at ‘the Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest the time the census begins dwellers who have lost any of their forest rights but have a claim to such recognized under the Scheduled Tribes and Other land or assets--provided Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of that such claims are Forest Rights) Act, 2006 due to acquisition of recognized under the laws land’; and also includes ‘a member of the family of the country or become who has been assigned land by the State recognized through a Government or the Central Government under process identified in the any of its schemes and such land is under √ resettlement plan acquisition’; a family which does not own any land but a member or members of such family may be agricultural laborers, tenants including any form of tenancy or holding of usufruct right, share- croppers or artisans or who may be working in the affected area for three years prior to the acquisition of the land; a family residing on any land in the urban areas for preceding three years or more prior to the Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 32 acquisition of the land or whose primary source of livelihood for three years prior to the acquisition of the land is affected by the acquisition of such land [Section 3 sub-section c (ii),(iii) and(v)] Measures/Entitlements 9 Ensure APs are informed Whenever a SIA is required, the appropriate about their options and rights Government shall ensure that a public hearing is pertaining to resettlement held at the affected area, after giving adequate publicity about the date, time and venue for the √ public hearing, to ascertain the views of the affected families to be recorded and included in the SIA report. [Section 5] 10 Ensure APs are provided Though explicitly not stated, the compensations prompt and effective are expected to be much more than replacement compensation at full costs. replacement cost for losses of √ Total compensation and monetary benefits under assets attributable directly to R & R have to paid to PAPs before possession of the project. land is granted. {Section -38 (1)} 11 If there is physical relocation, The Rehabilitation and Resettlement Award shall provide APs with (i) include all of the following.......... (c) particulars assistance(such as moving of house site and house to be allotted, in case of allowances) during displaced families; (d) particulars of land allotted relocation; and (ii) residential to the displaced families; (e) particulars of one housing, or housing sites, or, time subsistence allowance and transportation as required, agricultural sites √ allowance in case of displaced families. for which a combination of [Section 31 sub-section 2(c), (d) and (e)] and productive potential, schedule-3 locational advantages and other factors is at least equivalent to the advantages of the old site. 12 Provide relocation assistance Each affected family is to be given one time √ to displaced persons Resettlement Allowance of Rs. 50,000/- 13 Particular attention to be paid The act provides for special provisions and to the needs of vulnerable assistance for scheduled caste and scheduled tribe groups among those in scheduled area. displaced, especially those [ Section 41] below the poverty line, the Further the act recognizes widows, divorcees and landless, the elderly, women women deserted by families as separate families √ and children, indigenous [Section sub-section (m)] peoples, ethnic minorities, or other displaced persons who may not be protected through national land compensation legislation 14 Provision of compensation Total compensation and monetary benefits under and of other assistance R & R have to paid to PAPs before possession of √ required for relocation, prior land is granted. to displacement, and {Section -38 (1)}. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 33 preparation and provision of resettlement sites with adequate facilities, where required. In particular, taking of land and related assets may take place only after compensation has been paid and, where applicable resettlement sites and moving allowances have been provided to the displaced persons. 15 Preference should be given to Land for land is recommended in irrigation land- based resettlement projects and in projects where SC/ST is involved strategies for displaced √ equivalent land. persons whose livelihoods are land-based. [Section 41 &Second Schedule S.No.2] 16 Cash compensation levels Method of valuation of land and considering the should be sufficient to higher value as base with multiplying factor of 1- replace the lost land and 2 and the 100 solatium with 12% interest comes other assets at full out to be more than replacement cost for land. replacement cost in local For structure, tree and crops, valuation by √ markets. appropriate authority will be equivalent to replacement value with provision of expert assistance. [Section 26 sub-section 1 and 2, Section 29 and Section 30] 17 Appropriate and accessible For the purpose of providing speedy disposal of grievance mechanisms are disputes relating to land acquisition, established for these groups. compensation, rehabilitation and resettlement, √ establish by notification. one or more Authorities to be known as "the Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Authority" [Section 51 sub-section 1] 18 In new resettlement sites or In every resettlement area as defined under this host communities, Act, the Collector shall ensure the provision of all infrastructure and public infrastructural facilities and basic minimum services are provided as amenities specified in the Schedule-3 of the Act. necessary to improve, restore, √ [Section 32] or maintain accessibility and levels of service for the displaced persons and host communities. 19 Disclose the resettlement Discloser of R&R Scheme along with records of plan, including documenta- public hearing to be put in public domain by tion of the consultation in an uploading on specified website as well as accessible place and a form √ placement in Panchayat/ Municipality in and language(s) understand- vernacular language. able to affected persons and other stakeholders. { Sec. 19 (4)} 20 Monitor and assess Provision of post implementation social audit by √ resettlement outcomes, their R&R Commissioner Rehabilitation & Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 34 impacts on the standards of Resettlement Committee to carry out post living of displaced persons. implementation social audit in consultation with Gram Sabha/ Municipality. { Sec. 44 (3) & 45} 5.6 Mitigation Measures 47. The likely/associated social impact of transmission & distribution line projects are not far reaching and are mostly localized to near vicinity/ ROW. Many such impacts can be minimized through careful route selection and siting of substations. Sound design/ engineering variations also play a major role in planning effective mitigative measures depending upon the site situation/location. The major social issues that need attention and proper care under this project are as follows; a) Substation: Land for all substations are already in the possession of PEDM and no fresh land is needed for any of the subprojects under Tranche 1. Hence issue related to acquisition of land including possible Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) are not envisaged. Details of land availability status of substations are provided in Table - 5.4. Table - 5.4: Land Availability for Substation Sl. No. Name of the Substation Scope of work Land Status A. Transmission Substation 1 132/33 kV Lungsen New 2 132/33 kV W.Phaileng New Land is already available with PEDM 3 132/33 kV Marpara New and no new lands are to be acquired. 4 132/33 kV Lunglei Augmentation B. Distribution Substation 1 33/11 kV S.Bungtlang New Land is in possession with PEDM, 2 33/11 kV W.Phaileng Augmentation thus no new lands are to be acquired. Thus, ‘lands’ is not an issue in Tranche-1. However, securing lands may be an issue for subsequent investments under future tranches as well as those supported with other sources of finance. Keeping in this in view, and in case, lands may have to be secured, the same can be accomplished through following three methods; i) Purchase of land on willing buyer & Willing Seller basis on negotiated rate; ii) Voluntary Donation; and iii) Involuntary Acquisition. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 35 In case of procurement of land through private purchase, PEDM shall ensure that compensation/rate for land is not less than the rate provided in the new land acquisition act, 2013. In order to comply with this provision PEDM may organize an awareness camp where provisions of new act in respect of basis/modalities of compensation calculation shall be explained to land owners with specific State provision if any. In case of voluntary donation of land the following shall be ensured:  The land user(s) will not be subjected to undue pressure for parting of land;  All out efforts shall be made to avoid any physical relocation/displacement due to loss of land;  The PEDM shall facilitate in extending ‘gratitude’ to the land donor(s) in lieu of the ‘contribution’ if so agreed. The same shall be documented in the shape of MoU between donor and utility and subsequently title of land transferred in the name of PEDM.  All land donations (as well as purchases) will be subject to a review/ approval from a committee comprising representatives of different sections including those from the IA and GoM. In case of land acquired through involuntary acquisition, provisions of RFCTLARRA, 2013 is applicable as and when the new act is passed by State Legislative Assembly (refer para 24). However, the new act i.e. RFCTLARRA, 2013 authorizes State Govt. (i.e. GoM) or its authorized Government agency to complete the whole process of acquisition of private land including Social Impact Assessment (SIA), Action Plan for R&R (i.e. Rehabilitation and Resettlement) & its implementation and the PEDM’s responsibility is limited to identification and selection of suitable land based on technical requirement and ensuring budget allocation. Safeguards against land acquisition: Conducting Social Impact Assessments (SIA) has been made mandatory under this new act and results of these assessments are shared with all the stakeholders and public hearing held which makes the process transparent and informed. Subsequently, an entitlement package that includes both compensation (for land/structure and assets to land and structure) and R&R as necessary is prepared. Further to this, individual awards are passed and all documents are disclosed in the public domain through local administration and internet. The flow chart of the land acquisition process with schedule prescribed for various activities is illustrated in Figure – 5.1 below. The entitlements with regard to compensation and assistances towards land acquisition or loss of any Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 36 assets or livelihood for all categories of people being affected due to land acquisition is briefly outlined in Table –5.5 below. Table - 5.5 : Compensation and R & R Entitlement Framework for Land Acquisition A Comprehensive Compensation Package Eligibility for Entitlement Provisions The affected families Determination of Compensation :  Land Owners: includes any 1. Market value of the land person-  as specified in the Indian Stamp Act, 1899 i) whose name is recorded as the or owner of the land or building or  the average of the sale price for similar type of land part thereof, in the records of the situated in the village or vicinity, authority concerned; or or ii) any person who is granted forest  consented amount of compensation as agreed in case of rights under the Scheduled Tribes acquisition of lands for private companies or for public and Other Traditional Forest private partnership project. Dwellers (Recognition of Forest whichever is higher Rights) Act, 2006 or under any Market value x Multiplier* between 1 to 2 in rural areas other law for the time being in only (No multiplier in urban areas). force; or 2. Value of the assets attached to land: iii) who is entitled to be granted Patta Building/Trees/Wells/Crop etc. as valued by relevant govt. rights on the land under any law of authority; the State including assigned lands: Land compensation = 1+2 or iv) any person who has been declared 3. Solatium: 100% of total compensation as such by an order of the court or Total Compensation : 1+2+3 Authority; (*) Precise scale shall be determined by the State Govt. The indicative values of multiplier factor based on distance from urban areas as provided in the act. Radial Distance from Urban area (Km) Multiplier Factor 0-10 1.00 10-20 1.20 20-30 1.40 30-40 1.80 40-50 2.00 B. R&R Package Elements of Rehabilitation and Resettlement Entitlements for all the affected families (both land owners and the families whose livelihood is primarily dependent on land acquired) in addition to compensation provided above Sl. Elements of R& R Provision No. Entitlements Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 37 Subsistence grant/allowance 1. Rs. 3000 per month per family for 12 months for displaced families a) Where jobs are created through the project, mandatory employment for one member per affected family; or b) Rupees 5 lakhs per family; The affected families shall 2. or be entitled to: c) Rupees 2000 per month per family as annuity for 20 years, with appropriate index for inflation; The option of availing (a) or (b) or (c) shall be that of the affected family i. A constructed house shall be provided as per the Indira Awas Yojana specifications. Housing units for ii. A constructed house shall be provided, which will be not less displacement: than 50 sq. mts. in plinth area. i. If a house is lost in rural In either case the equivalent cost of the house may also be 3. areas: provided in lieu of the house as per the preference of the project affected family. ii. If a house is lost in urban The stamp duty and other fees payable for registration of the areas house allotted to the affected families shall be borne by the Requiring Body. Transportation cost for 4. Rs 50,000/- per affected family displaced families Resettlement Allowance 5. Onetime Rs 50,000/- per affected family (for displaced families) Onetime financial assistance as appropriate for construction as 6. Cattle shed/ petty shop cost decided by St. Govt. subject to minimum of Rs.25,000/- Artisan/small traders/others Onetime financial assistance as appropriate as decided by State 7. (in case of displacement) Govt. subject to minimum of Rs.25,000/- Special Provisions for SCs/STs In addition to the R&R package, SC/ST families will be entitled to the following additional benefits: 1. One time financial assistance of Rs. 50,000 per family; 2. Families settled outside the district shall be entitled to an additional 25% R&R benefits; 3. Payment of one third of the compensation amount at very outset; 4. Preference in relocation and resettlement in area in same compact block; 5. Free land for community and social gatherings; 6. In case of displacement, a Development Plan is to be prepared 7. Continuation of reservation and other Schedule V and Schedule VI area benefits from displaced area to resettlement area. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 38 Figure -5.1: Activity Chart of RFCTLARRA, 2013 b) Right of Way: Land for tower and right of way is not acquired as agricultural activities can continue. However, the project shall pay full compensation to all the affected persons/ community for any damages sustained during the execution of work. Accordingly, PEDM has formulated appropriate management plan in the form of Compensation Plan for Temporary Damage (CPTD) to minimize the damages and provide compensation plan for temporary damages in consultation with revenue department and affected person based on assessment (refer Part - B of Social Management Framework placed as Annexure- 3). The detailed process for crop/tree compensation is placed at Annexure - 6. The entitlement matrix for planning compensation for possible impact is provided in Table – 5.6. Table - 5.6 : Entitlement Matrix for CPTD S. N. Issue/Impact Beneficiary Entitlement Options 1. Land area below Owner 100% land cost at market value as ascertained by tower base. revenue authorities or based on negotiated settlement without actual acquisition/title transfer. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 39 S. N. Issue/Impact Beneficiary Entitlement Options 2. Loss/damage to Owner/ Compensation to actual cultivator at market rate crops and trees in Tenant/ for crops and 8 years income for fruit bearing line corridor sharecropper trees*. APs will be given advance notice to / leaseholder harvest their crops. All timber* will be allowed to retain by the owner. 3. Other damages Actual cost as assessed by the concerned All APs (if applicable) authority. 4. Loss of structure (i) House Titleholders Cash compensation at replacement cost (without deduction for salvaged material) plus Rs. 25,000/- assistance (based on prevailing GOI norms for weaker section housing) for construction of house plus transition benefits as per category-5 below. (ii) Shop/ Institutions/ Individual/ Cash compensation plus Rs. 10000/- for Cattle shed Titleholders construction of working shed/shop plus transition benefits as per category-5 below 5. Losses during Family/unit Provision of transport or equivalent cash for transition under (i) shifting of material/ cattle from existing place to & (ii) above for alternate place Shifting / Transport 6 Tribal/ Vulnerable Vulnerable One time additional lump sum assistance not APs APs10 exceeding 25% of total compensation on recommendation of State Authority/ADC/VC. c) Tribal People: As per Census 2011, the State has a population of 1,091,014 The tribal population consists nearly 94% of total population of the State. The project is being implemented in the tribal areas (under Sixth Schedule provision of the Indian Constitution) of Mizoram and bulks of the beneficiaries are expected to be tribal. Thus, the need for a separate Tribal Pe oples’ Development Framework/ Plan as per O.P.4.10 is not required under this project. Further, no negative impact on Tribal is envisaged due to implementation of this project. However, positive impact like improvement/availability of electricity shall play a definite role in enhancement of living standard & quality of life. d) Gender: Women will be involved through formal and informal consultations so that their participation is ensured during preparation and implementation of the project. To enable this, efforts will be made to deploy as many women community volunteers as possible and conduct gender sensitization capacity building programs for all the project staff. 10 Vulnerable APs include scheduled tribes residing in scheduled areas/ physically handicapped/ disabled families etc. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 40 5.7 Health and Safety Requirements 48. PEDM maintains safety as a top priority, apart from various labour laws dealing with workers’ health and safety, such as the Workmen’s Compensation Act. PEDM ensures the implementation of health and safety as per the norms the said act, which is an integral part of the contractors’ activities. EHS guidelines of PEDM (Annexure-7 for detailed checklist) are developed on the basis of World Bank EHS guidelines to be adopted by PEDM. 5.8 Exposure to Electro Magnetic Fields (EMF) 49. There have been some concerns about the possibility of an increased risk of cancer from exposure to electromagnetic radiation from overhead transmission lines. However, a review by the World Health Organization (WHO) held as part of the International EMF Project (1996), concluded that: “From the current scientific literature there is no con vincing evidence that exposure to radiation field shortens the life span of humans or induces or promotes cancer”. Currently no EMF exposure guidelines have been framed in the country. However, international guidelines in this regard are detailed below: ― State Transmission Lines Standards and Guidelines in the USA; ― International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP); ― US National Council on Radiation; and ― American Conference on Government and Industrial Hygiene (ACGIH) The ICNIRP guideline for the general public (up to 24 hours a day) is a maximum exposure level of 1,000 mG or 100 T. PEDM shall follow the best international practices while designing its system to maintain acceptable prescribed EMF level. 5.9 General Safety Standards 50. PEDM will follow all applicable standards concerned with safety for transmission, distribution and erection of Substation. These include IS: 5613 – recommendation on safety procedures and practices in electrical work as per CEA (Measures relating to Safety and Electric Supply) Regulation, 2010 notified in the Gazette on 20th Sept. 2010 (Annexure-8). Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 41 6. Issues, Impacts and Management Measures - Environment 51. Environmental issues of T&D projects are manageable given the inherently small ‘foot print’ of towers and flexibility in siting facilities within a relatively large host area and are mostly localized to ROW. However, transmission line project may have some adverse effects on natural resources. These impacts can be minimized by careful route selection and siting of substations. In order to get latest information and further optimization of route, modern survey techniques/tools like GIS, GPS aerial photography are also applied. Introduction of GIS and GPS/Google earth/IBAT in route selection result in access to updated / latest information, through satellite images and further optimization of route having minimal environmental impact. Moreover, availability of various details, constraints like topographical and geotechnical details, forest and environmental details help in planning the effective mitigation measures including engineering variations depending upon the site situation / location. In the instant project also these techniques are to be used for minimizing/mitigating such issues. 6.1 Environmental issues A) Transmission/Distribution lines 52. The key environmental issues associated with installation of transmission/distribution lines are: 1) Clearing of Trees within Right of Way 53. Right of Way (RoW) width for the transmission/distribution line depends on the line voltage. The maximum permissible width of RoW on forestland and minimum clearance between Trees and conductors as specified in IS: 5613 and by MoEF guidelines are given in Table 6.1. 54. At present, a width clearance of 3 m is allowed below each conductor for the movement of tension stringing equipment (Annexure-9). Trees on such strips are felled/lopped to facilitate stringing and maintenance of RoW. After completion of stringing, natural regeneration or dwarf tree/medicinal tree plantation is allowed to a certain height. Trimming or pruning is done with the permission from the local forest officer to maintain required electric clearance as necessary during operation and maintenance. In hilly areas where adequate clearance is already available, tree will not be cut/felled in 3 meter strip beneath for RoW except working clearance as stringing is done manually only. As compared to transmission line, distribution line requires only small right of way and therefore felling of trees is much less than that requires for lying of transmission lines. Generally stringing of distribution line is carried out manually and therefore trimming/pruning of tree branches Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 42 are only required instead of large nos. tree cutting Felling, lopping of tree can open up forest canopy allowing more sunlight into under storey where it can lead to edge effect and allow for proliferation of socio-phytic weeds. This can have added repercussions within a semi evergreen or evergreen biotope. Table 6.1: RoW Clearance between Conductors and Trees Transmission Voltage Max. ROW Minm. Clearance (in meters) (In kV) (In Meters) between conductor & Trees * 11 7 2.6 33 15 2.8 66 18 3.4 110 22 3.7 132 27 4.0 220 35 4.6 400 D/C & S/C 46 5.5 * As per IS: 5613 and MoEF guidelines finalized in consultation with CEA 2) Clearing of Ground Vegetation for Movement of Machinery 55. Machinery and equipment is used for installation of transmission and distribution lines, towers/poles and construction of substations and may require clearing of ground vegetation for its movement. This activity causes temporary disturbance to the forest, orchards, plantation and agriculture etc. PEDM, wherever possible uses the existing path / access roads for the movement of man and machinery. The existing roads which cannot support heavy machinery load are upgraded and thus the village infrastructure is improved. In areas where lines traverse agricultural land, compensation is paid to owners for any crop damage incurred as a result of construction activities. Agricultural activities are allowed to continue following the construction period. If bunds or other on-farm works are disturbed during construction or maintenance, they are restored to the owner's satisfaction following cessation of construction or maintenance activities. In the event that private trees are felled during construction or maintenance operations, compensation is paid to the owner as determined by the forest / horticulture departments. In case of requirement of new access road through forestland to reach any location in the forest, inclusion of such areas in the forest proposal shall be done in consultation with the Forest Department. 3) Aesthetic appeal of an area 56. Erection of transmission/distribution towers and lines some time affects the aesthetics of the area. However, measures like planting trees along roads running parallel to transmission/distribution Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 43 lines in consultation with Forest Department, if feasible would be undertaken by PEDM to buffer visual effect. B) Substations 57. The key environmental issues associated with construction of substation are: 1) Clearing of Ground Vegetation: The land requirement for substations varies from 0.3 acres to 10 acres depending upon voltage level and no. of bays. The ground vegetation needs to be cleared to enable construction activity. 2) Used Transformer Oil: As a part of routine maintenance, transformer oil is changed every 10- 15 years. The used transformer oil is categorised as hazardous wastes as per Hazardous waste (Management, Handling and Trans-boundary Movement) Rules, 2008 and its unscientific disposal in environment may lead to soil and water contamination. 3) Used Battery: Used lead acid battery is a pollutant and therefore its improper handing & disposal may lead to contamination of soil and water. 4) E-waste: The electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) have hazardous / toxics substances in their components, which may cause harm/pose risk to health and environment during handling after its expiry & full usage. 5) SF6 gas is a highly potential Green House Gas (GHG) being used in Circuit Breaker. Mishandling and leakage etc can lead to its escape into the atmosphere causing global warming. 6.2 Principles 58. The basic principles that guide EMF are: ― Avoidance environmentally sensitive areas while planning project activities; ― Minimization of impacts when project activities occur in environmentally sensitive areas; and ― Mitigation of any unavoidable negative impacts arising out of its projects; ― Greater transparency through involvement of community and other stakeholders through consultation. 6.3 Definitions Adverse environmental effect” means any irreversible harmful affect on natural environment; “Battery” means lead acid battery which is a source of electrical energy and contains lead metal; “Central Pollution Control Board” means the Central Pollution Control Board constituted under sub-section (1) of section 3 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (6 of 1974); Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 44 “Forest” The word “forest” must be understood according to its dictionary meaning. This description covers all statutorily recognised forests, whether designated as reserved, protected or otherwise for the purpose of Section 2(i) of the Forest Conservation Act. The term "forest land", occurring in Section 2, will not only include "forest" as understood in the dictionary sense, but also any area recorded as forest in the Government record irrespective of the ownership; “E-waste” means waste electrical and electronic Equipments, whole or in part or rejects from their manufacturing and repair process, which are intended to be discarded; “Hazardous waste” means any waste which by reason of any of its physical, chemical, reactive, toxic, flammable, explosive or corrosive characteristics causes danger or is likely to cause danger to health or environment, whether alone or when in contact with other wastes or substances, and shall include- (i) waste specified under column (3) of Schedule-I, (ii) wastes having constituents specified in Schedule-II if their concentration is equal to or more than the limit indicated in the said Schedule, and (iii) wastes specified in Part A or Part B of the Schedule-III in respect of import or export of such wastes in accordance with rules 12, 13 and 14 or the wastes other than those specified in Part A or Part B if they possess any of the hazardous characteristics specified in Part C of that Schedule; “Environment” means land, water, air, living organisms and interacting natural systems; “Environmental assessment” means the process of assessing the environmental effects of a proj ect in order to evaluate their significance, and may include identifying measures to prevent, minimize, mitigate or compensate for adverse environmental and social effects. Environmental and social assessment is the responsibility of the project sponsor; “Mitigation measures” means methods to reduce, eliminate or compensate for adverse environmental and social effects; “State Pollution Control Board” means the State Pollution Control Board or the Pollution Control Committee constituted under sub-section (1) of section 4 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (6 of 1974); 6.4 Legal and Regulatory Framework 59. The applicable acts, rules, and relevant policies in the context of the project are presented in Table- 6.2. The Project Authority will ensure that project activities implemented is consistent with provisions of such legal framework Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 45 Table – 6.2 : Legal and Regulatory Provisions – Environment Sl. Acts, notifications Relevance/ Applicability to the project No. and policies I. Constitutional Provisions (India) The State shall endeavor to protect and improve the environment and a Article 48 A to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country. It shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the b Article 51 A (g) natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures. II. Provisions Law of the Land/Rules Transmission line projects are constructed under the ambit of Electricity Act, 2003 following the provisions of Section 67 & 68 of act. Under the provisions of Section 68(1):-Prior approval of the Govt. of Mizoram (GoM) is a mandatory requirement to undertake any new project in the State which authorizes PEDM to plan and coordinate Electricity Act, activities to commission a new transmission/distribution project. 1. 2003 (EA, 2003) The electricity act under Section 164 has a provision to grant licensee the power of Telegraph Authority as provided in the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885. Govt. of Mizoram on request of PEDM may by order in writing/through notification authorize them for using powers of telegraph authority after fulfilling the requirement as laid down in the rules thereof. The salient features of the Electricity Act 2003 are given in Annexure- 5. This Act provides for the conservation of forests and regulates the diversion of forest land to non-forestry purpose. When any transmission/distribution line traverses forest land, prior clearance is Forest mandatorily required from Ministry of Environment and Forests (Conservation) (MoEF), GoI under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. The 2 Act, 1980 approval process of forest clearance in brief, as per set procedure in the guideline under the act and rules is shown in Figure 6.1 below. Flow charts for forest clearance process and procedure of online submission of application are provided in Annexure- 10 & 10a respectively. The act recognizes and vests the forest rights and occupation in forest The Scheduled land to forest dwelling. Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest Tribes and Other dwellers who have been residing in such forests for generations but Traditional Forest whose rights could not be recorded, and provides for a framework for 3. Dwellers recording the forest rights so vested and the nature of evidence (Recognition of required for such recognition and vesting in respect of forest land. Forest Rights) Act, 2006 The definitions of forest dwelling Schedule Tribes, forestland, forest rights, forest villages, etc. have been included in Section 2 of the Act. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 46 Sl. Acts, notifications Relevance/ Applicability to the project No. and policies The Union Ministry of Tribal Affairs is the nodal agency for implementation of the Act while field implementation is the responsibility of the government agencies. The applicability of this act has also been linked with forest clearance process under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 w.e.f. August 2009 by MoEF which shall be complied by PEDM. It is umbrella legislation for the protection and improvement of environment. This Act as such is not applicable to transmission/ Environment distribution projects of PEDM. Project categories specified under the 4. (Protection) Act, schedule of the EIA notification is provided in Annexure-11. Even 1986 then some limited compliance measures notified under this EPA, 1986 are to be adhered to relevant rules and regulations under the EPA, 1986 applicable to the operations of PEDM. Ozone Depleting Substances As per the notification, certain control and regulation has been i) (Regulation and imposed on manufacturing, import, export, and use of these Control) Rules, compounds. 2000 As per notification, Being a bulk consumer PEDM to ensure that the Batteries used batteries are disposed to dealers, manufacturer, registered (Management and ii) recycler, re-conditioners or at the designated collection centers only. Handling) Rules, A half-yearly return is to be filed as per Form-8 Annexure-12 to the 2001 Mizoram State Pollution Control Board. As per notification, used oil is categorized as hazardous waste and require proper handling, storage and disposed only to authorized disposal facility (registered recyclers/ reprosessors) Being a bulk user, Hazardous Wastes PEDM shall comply with provision of said rules. PEDM, as bulk user (Management, of transformer oil which is categorized as Hazardous Waste, shall Handling and comply with the provisions of the said rules (refer Annexure- 13 for iii) Transboundary MoEF notification dated 24th September 2008) if the practice of Movement) Rules, storing of used oil is maintained. In case it is decided to outsource the 2008 process of recycle of used oil to registered recycler as per the provisions of notification then PEDM shall submit the desired return in prescribed form to concerned State Pollution Control Board at the time of disposal of used oil. As per notification, bulk consumers like PEDM is to dispose e-waste E-waste generated by them in environmentally sound manner by channelizing (Management and to authorized collection centers/ registered dismantler/ iv) Handling) Rules, recyclers/return to producers. PEDM, being a bulk consumer of 2011 electrical and electronics equipment’s shall maintain record as per Form-2 (Annexure-14) for scrutiny by State Pollution Control Board. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 47 Sl. Acts, notifications Relevance/ Applicability to the project No. and policies This act is not directly applicable to transmission projects because it deals with the conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its components and fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising 5 Biological out of the use of biological resources, knowledge and for matters Diversity Act, 2002 connected therewith. PEDM abides by the provision of the act wherever applicable, and avoids Biosphere Reserves during route alignment. Indian Treasure The act provides for procedure to be followed in case of finding of 6 Trove Act, 1878 as any treasure, archaeological artifacts etc. during excavation. amended in 1949 The Act provides for setting out the practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the The Right to control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and 7. Information Act, accountability in the working of every public authority, the 2005 constitution of a Central Information Commission and State Information Commissions and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. III World Bank OP (Operational Policy) OP- 4.01: To ensure the environmental and social soundness and sustainability 8. Environmental of investment projects. Support integration of environmental and Assessment social aspects of projects in the decision-making process. To promote sustainable development by supporting the protection, OP- 4.04: Natural 9. conservation, maintenance, and rehabilitation of natural habitats and Habitats their functions. To preserve PCR and in avoiding their destruction or damage. PCR OP-4.11: Physical includes resources of archeological, paleontological, historical, 10. Cultural Resources architectural, and religious (including graveyards and burial sites), (PCR) aesthetic, or other cultural significance. To realize the potential of forests to reduce poverty in a sustainable manner, integrate forests effectively into sustainable economic 11. OP-4.36: Forests development, and protect the vital local and global environmental services and values of forests Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 48 Figure- 6.1 Approval Process of Forest Clearance Note: MoEF has made online submission of application mandatory w.e.f. 15 th August 2014 (refer Annexure- 10a). 6.5 Assessment of Environment Impact 60. This section identifies the potential environment impacts due to intervention of project in terms of the nature, magnitude, extent and location, timing and duration of the anticipated impacts. These impacts are both positive or negative relating to the project design stage, construction stage or the project operation and decommissioning stage; i. Positive Impacts  Availability of power lessen the demand of natural resources like firewood, charcoal etc. resulting in conservation/protection of forest/vegetation. ii. Negative Impacts  Clearance of tree within RoW;  Impacts on forest, wildlife habitats and migratory birds; Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 49  Impacts on drainage, soil erosion & water resources;  Impacts on traffic and road infrastructure;  Aesthetic appeal of area;  Impacts from likely oil spillage;  Effect of electromagnetic fields(EMF);  Leakage of SF6, a potent green house gas; and  Health & Safety 6.6 Management Framework 61. Based on the outcome of impact assessment appropriate management measures has been suggested in ESPP for implementation to mitigate the possible impacts due to proposed project interventions. While for positive impacts enhancement measures are suggested; for negative impacts suitable mitigation measures has been included. Detailed of potential environment issues and its management measures are outlined in ESPP. Apart from this, PEDM has developed a generic Environment Management Plan (EMP) (Annex to executive summary) which includes details of anticipated impacts along with mitigation measures, monitoring and implementation schedule for its transmission and distribution projects. The EMP provisions shall be made part of bidding/contract document for proper implementation by the Contractor. Summary of key potential environmental issues and its management measures is presented below in Table 6.3. Table 6.3: Potential Environment and Social (E&S) issues and its Management Measures No. Potential Issues Management Measures Minimizing adverse impact PEDM endeavors to circumvent / lessen environmentally 1 on forests sensitive areas such as forest and other ecologically fragile/ sensitive areas through optimization of route including use of modern tools like GIS/GPS and other modern techniques. 2 Clearing/Lopping of trees Use of extended/special tower to reduce RoW and impact on trees.  Vegetation damage To minimise damage to vegetation and habitat fragmentation,  Habited Loss PEDM utilizes hand clearing and transportation of tower 3 material by head loads into forestland and other land as well, wherever possible. PEDM maintains only a 3m wide strip for O&M and allows for  Habitat fragmentation regeneration of vegetation in the other one or two strips and 4  Edge effect on flora & beneath the transmission lines to avoid habitat fragmentation fauna and edge effect. In hilly area this can possibly be totally avoided. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 50 No. Potential Issues Management Measures There is no elephant corridor as such in Mizoram. But it is reported elephant sometimes stray over/cross/migrate from Chances of accident Bangladesh in the area. However, in case poles are sited in that involving elephant in the 5 area PEDM shall try suitable design modification in the pole of specified corridor due to 33kV line, like provision of spike guards, barbed wire fencing placing of poles or any other arrangement and shall incorporate the same in any location, if required. Chemical contamination PEDM does not use chemicals for forest clearance/ RoW 6 from chemical maintenance maintenance. techniques Poly-Chloro-Biphenyls PEDM use mineral oil in electrical equipment’s. Specification 7 (PCBs) in electrical of oil containing PCB less 2 mg/kg (non –detectable level) equipment. stated in the tender document. PEDM does not acquire land for its transmission towers. It pays Change in land use and compensation for any crop loss and damage caused during its 8 population relocation due to activities. PEDM allows regeneration and cultivation beneath towers/poles the towers for Transmission Line (TL) around poles/ structures and lines. Induced secondary PEDM operations are short-lived and do not induce secondary 9 development during developments during construction. construction Erosion of soil and drainage PEDM would ensure that all cut and fill slopes in TL/ DL are along the cut and fill slopes adequately protected using standard engineering practices in hilly areas including bio-engineering techniques wherever feasible. All drainage channels along or inside substations shall be trained and connected to main or existing drainage to avoid any erosion 10 due to uncontrolled flow of water. To further minimise any possible impacts, the already disturbed corridors of Mizoram State Road Project- II under Bank funding are being also utilized wherever possible to route the transmission line alignment. Avian hazards mostly encountered in bird sanctuaries area and fly path of migratory bird predominantly related to nesting site. Avian hazards from Although the incidence of avian hazards is rare due to the 11 transmission/distribution distance between the conductors. PEDM shall take all possible lines and towers precaution to avoid these areas by careful route selection. However, bird guards are provided to prevent any avian hazards. Air craft hazards from PEDM as per the requirement of IS 5613 of July’94 provides 12 transmission lines and towers aviation markers, night-lights for easy identification of towers in notified/selected areas. Health and safety of During construction the health and safety aspects of workers 13 worker/employee/community and nearby community shall be implemented through Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 51 No. Potential Issues Management Measures contractors with due diligence and compliance of required regulation/guideline through a safety. PEDM uses best available technology for lines and do not cause any hazards to health and safety. Fire hazards are mostly occurred in forest area. However, PEDM uses state of art automatic tripping mechanism for its transmission/distribution and substations that disconnect the line in fraction of seconds to prevent fire hazards. The Forest 14 Fire Hazards Department also take precaution like maintaining fire line in the cleared forest area to avoid spread of fire. Firefighting instruments including fire extinguishers are kept in appropriate place for immediate action in case of any fire hazard. Pollution Although pollution is not an issue with transmission/ 15 distribution projects still PEDM will make efforts to further minimize it. Sites are cleared of all the leftover materials and debris to avoid any chance of pollution. Although leakage of SF6 is not a major issue, PEDM will make efforts to reduce the leakage through regular monitoring 16 GHG (SF6 Gas) installing gas pressure monitor/ leak detectors in Circuit Breakers. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 52 7. Integration of environment and social management measures into overall project cycle 62. In the previous section, ESPP outlines various management measures to address the potential environment and social impacts based on the outcome of identification and impact assessment process during different stages of project activities. In order to address identified environment and social issues due to proposed project interventions, the suggested management measures has been dovetailed in to the project cycle so that it can be taken care off at appropriate level and at appropriate time (refer ESPP for detail management procedures). Figure - 7.1 and 7.2 below illustrates link between different stages of project cycle and management measures to be undertaken to address the environment and social issues. 7.1 Project Cycle 63. In order to address environmental and social issues arising out of construction, operation and maintenance of transmission and distribution projects in the State of Mizoram, it become pertinent to review typical PEDM’s project cycle so as such issues are attended at appropriate time. The key milestones of such projects cycle are: 1. Project Conceptualization 2. Project Planning 3. Approval 4. Detailed Design and Tendering 5. Project Implementation 6. Operation & Maintenance 7. Review Figure- 7.1 outlines the detailed process of typical transmission/distribution project and same is described in subsequent sections. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 53 Figure- 7.1: Project Cycle of a Typical Transmission/Distribution Project ― Project Identification ― Feasibility Studies including; Project  Environment & Social Screening & Scoping Conceptualization  Concept Paper ― In-Principle Approval from State Govt. ― Detailed Survey ― Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) ― Concurrence by State Planning Deptt. ― Final Optimal Route for T/L & DL Project Planning ― Substation Land Identification/Selection ― EAMP/Preparation of IEAR ― Social Assessment of T/L (CPTD) ― Approval from PEDM ― Forest Clearance (If Required) ― Land Acquisition Approvals ― Approval of State Govt. ― Concurrence of Funding Agencies (If Involved) ― Design, Estimates, and Finalization of Specification ― Tendering and Award of Contracts Detailed Design, ― Engagement of Agency for IEAR & CPTD (if needed) Tendering and Award ― EMP for Bidding Document ― Check Surveys Project ― Execution of EAMP & CPTD Implementation ― Implementation of SIMP by GoM (if applicable ) ― Testing and commissioning ― Preparation of FEAR (If Required) Operation & ― Preventive Maintenance Maintenance ― Monitoring and Review of IEAR & CPTD Project Review ― Monitoring SIMP implemented by State Govt.(if applicable) Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 54 7.1.1 Project Conceptualisation 64. The need of addition/augmentation of Transmission & Distribution (T &D) network is primarily determined on the basis of demand and future plans in the State. Subsequent to identification based on the above requirements, initial feasibility studies are carried out that includes technicality, environmental, social, economic, and financial assessments. The planning for execution schedule is formulated on prioritizing the project for implementation. During the feasibility study, PEDM develops various options for the location/siting of T & D lines and construction of substations considering avoidance of environmentally and socially sensitive area. During desk study various options of line routes are plotted on a Forest Atlas map or SOI (Survey of India) map or Google Earth map using a “BEE Line” (the shortest distance between origin of proposed TL and the sub - stations sites) avoiding environmentally and socially sensitive area. At least 3 (three) alternative are marked subject to site verification. With this reference, Reconnaissance survey is taken-up either in- house (walk-over survey with hand-held GPS i.e. Geo-positioning System) or through external agency to find out tentative co-ordinates (spot) and route alignment avoiding any kind of negative impact or minimising the same, out of at least 3 (three) alternatives to have fair assessment of the proposed project and its components. During this process, PEDM field staffs also consult the people/villagers to explore surroundings and other possibilities. On the basis of assessment and findings, a “Concept Paper” is prepared indicating all components i.e. environmental, social, techno - economic, and financial assessments/cost estimate. In case of transmission project this “Concept Paper” after the appraisal/ recommendation of PEDM management, is forwarded to Planning Deptt., GoM for the in-principle approval of Ministry for Development of North East Region (MDoNER) (e.g. North East Council(NEC)/Non-lapsable Central Pool of Resources(NLCPR)/ State Plan (SPA), etc) for budget provision. For distribution project the ‘Concept Paper’ after the appraisal/ recommendation of PEDM management, is forwarded to Planning Department, GoM for in-principle approval under State plan other than RGGVY- Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY)/ Accelerated Power Development and Reform Program (APDRP)/ Restructured- Accelerated power development and Reform Program(RAPDRP) scheme under GoI. 7.1.2 Project Planning 65. Planning stage is started with preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR). During detailed survey, all critical information/data such as rivers, hills, railway crossings, telephone line, villages, power transmission/distribution lines and other major offset on both the side of alignment with parameters for ground profile etc are recorded. Additionally, environmental and social details are also noted in the prescribed pro-forma (Annexure-15). People are also consulted time and again during the survey. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 55 66. During detail survey further attempt is made to minimise involvement of forestland and areas of significant natural resources, human habitation and areas of cultural importance by realigning the route for optimization, if possible. If forestland is unavoidable after completion of survey on the finalised route, environmental assessment limited to forest area is undertaken by PEDM with the help of authorised agencies (Forest Department/GoM) and formulate forest proposal including its assessment and management plan. Local forest authorities certify that the final route so selected involves the barest minimum of forestland. The complete forest proposal is processed and recommended/forwarded by GoM to MoEF for obtaining forest clearance with an undertaking from PEDM to bear the cost of compensatory afforestation, NPV etc. as per guidelines. 67. PEDM shall also identify probable substation sites suiting technical requirement based on data collected as per the checklist (Annexure-16) and a comprehensive analysis for each alternative site is carried out. The analysis will consider various site specific parameters that include infrastructure facilities such as access roads, railheads, type of land, namely, Government., revenue, private land, agricultural land; social impacts such as number of families getting affected; including its cost aspect also. This helps in selecting particular land for substation with minimal impact after doing comparison assessment. Thereafter, PEDM proposes for land acquisition other than government land to the GoM, which in turn process the request as per the existing procedures or secure land through donations and/ or direct purchases on negotiated rate on willing buyer and willing seller basis. 68. After identification and assessment of possible impacts, project specific Environment Assessment Management Plan (EAMP) is prepared including the Initial Environment Assessment Report (IEAR) to mitigate adverse impact arising due to project activity. In case of lines, passing through protected areas additional studies would be conducted to ascertain the impacts on the bio- diversity. The terms of reference for Bio-Diversity studies in provided in Annexure-17. Similarly Social Assessment of transmission line is also undertaken to develop a project specific Management Plan in the form of Compensation Plan for Temporary Damages (CPTD). The CPTD is a document prepared after social assessment of likely impacts on land by installing towers or poles during construction of transmission/distribution lines. The CPTD also contains the compensation procedure for tree/crop/land damages as per the prevailing regulation/guidelines. 7.1.3 Project Approvals 69. The DPR so finalised and recommended by PEDM management is forwarded to State Govt. and funding agency (if applicable) for concurrence and fund/budget allocation . Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 56 7.1.4 Detailed Design and Tendering 70. PEDM after detailed design, finalization of specifications for line and substation starts the tendering process and contracts are awarded to competent contractors through bidding process. Similarly engagement of agency (if required) for IEAR and CPTD implementation is also undertaken. During bidding process, project specific EMP is included in the contract document for implementation by the contractors/subcontractors. 7.1.5 Project Implementation 71. Before the start of implementation, PEDM informs the general public about the project and invites their suggestion, if any. When construction starts, PEDM’s field staff and contractors conduct check survey to authenticate tower spotting done in the profile based on detailed survey. If there is any changes necessary, site modification is done/noted in the profile/ datasheets, wherever required for final documentation and resubmission for reference/record. Civil Construction work is then initiated for transmission /distribution line followed by tower/pole erection & stringing. Simultaneously works of substation are also initiated. During the construction stage due care is taken to minimise / mitigate environmental impacts. PEDM also give utmost importance health & safety of workers, employees and nearby communities. During construction the health and safety of workers and nearby communities shall be taken care by contractors by compliance of required regulation/guideline through a “Safety Plan” (refer Annexure-7 for checklist for health & safety and Annexure-18 for Safety Plan). Before test charges both transmission/distribution lines and substations, pre-commissioning check and testing are rigorously done by PEDM to ensure safety of commissioning of the project/subproject. Implementation of IEAR and CPTD are also to be taken up in parallel to above work. 7.1.6 Operation and Maintenance 72. PEDM continuously monitors the transmission/distribution lines and substations for smooth operation. These lines and substations are patrolled regularly to identify faults and its rectification. The site offices carry out monitoring of line in accordance with the checklists provided for inspection of transmission/distribution lines and substations (Annexure-19). 7.1.7 Project Review 73. Apart from reviewing the lines and substations on daily basis, PEDM’s field staffs review any unfinished/ pending issues related to environment & social components like the implementation of IEAR/ CPTD/ SIMP while the same are reviewed at the level of Chief Engineer on monthly basis. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 57 Figure: 7.2 Environmental and Social Management Procedures Project Identification. E&S Conceptualization Screening & Identification E&S issue Feasibility Study including Environmental & Social Scoping Project Screening and Scoping Report as part of Concept Paper  Appraisal of Concept Paper by PEDM .  In-Principle approval by State Govt. E & S Screening &  Assessment of E & S issues for TL during Project Planning E&S Assessment Scoping for Detailed Survey substation & Social  Preparation of Forest Proposal (if required), Assessment of T/L  Substation Land Identification / Selection  Preparation of IEAR & CPTD Public Consultation as part of IEAR Approval  MoEF for Forest Project Funding Agency Clearance (If Applicable) E&S Management  GoM  GoM for Land Social Impact Management  Engagement of Agency for EAMP & Detailed Design Plan (SIMP) including SIA, & Tendering CPTD (if needed) RAP, Public Hearing &  EMP part of Contract/Bidding Disclosure by GoM as Per document. RFCTLARRA, 2013 (if applicable)  Implementation of IEAR/CPTD for TL/DL Implementation Implementation of  RoW Clearance E&S Plan Implementation SIMP by GoM as  Compensatory Afforestation Project per  Crop/Tree Compensation RFCTLARRA,  Public Consultation 2013(if  Possession of land for Substation applicable)  Preparation of FEAR (if required) Supervision & Periodic Performance Review Review by GoM Maintenance Operation &  PEDM  Domestic/External Funding Agency Annual Review Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 58 7.2 Project Conceptualization 74. Conceptualisation of a projects/subprojects necessarility entails identification of potential E & S issues that may require evaluation in relation to its nature, magnitude and measures to address them. Screening and scoping process enable this evaluation. Infact, the environmental screening and scoping report forms an integral part of project feasibility study i.e. ‘Concept Paper’, which is put up to State Govt. for in-principle approval of the project after appraisal/recommendation of PEDM management. The E & S issues identification process for any PEDM project will include the following:  E & S screening and scoping for transmission/distribution lines;  Appraisal/approval of Concept paper by Internal Management & State Govt. 75. The objectives, process and output of each of these steps are discussed below; 7.2.1 Environment & Social Screening and Scoping for Transmission/Distribution Lines A. Objective 1) To identify environmentally & social sensitive areas & issues; 2) To suggest alternative transmission line routes, if necessary ; 3) To outline scope of environmental and social assessment. B. Process 1) PEDM through its “Bee” line survey (i.e. a desk review) on Survey of India (SOI) map (topo - sheets) preferably on 1:50,000 Scale, the Forest Atlas and or Google Earth map examine various route options at least 3 (Three) alternatives referring ‘Bee’ line as a gui ding one between two or multiple origins of proposed transmission/distribution line avoiding/minimizing environmentally and socially sensitive areas based on base line data/information; 2) Taking reference to this desk review, a reconnaissance survey in-house or through other agency/ or walkover survey is undertaken with hand-held GPS for on-site verifications to confirm findings of desk review survey or otherwise. During Recce or W/O survey it may also be possible to identify other better option of route following the criteria of avoidance & minimization, if so the same, after having collected/updated information/data may be considered as another alternative. In addition, environmental and social details are also noted. ( Annexure-15 for Pro- forma to gather relevant environment and social information for transmission lines and substations);. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 59 3) During the process, public views and necessary inputs about surroundings/ villages/crops etc. are also necessary and noted for screening/scoping. After comparison and analysis of all E & S parameters so gathered for all alternatives and considering other significant economic benefit associated with the project/subproject, the most optimum route having minimum environment & social impact is selected for further investigation; 4) Site office will consults with state forest departments if the line is passing through forest areas. Revenue authorities will be consulted for their views on revenue/other lands. C. Output 1) Environment & Social screening and scoping as part of Concept Paper, which provides details of environmentally sensitive areas, E & S issues etc. apart from technicality, economics and financial assessment of the project. 7.2.2 Approval 76. The Concept Paper after appraisal and recommendation of internal management forwarded to State Govt. for In-principle approval of the proposed project. 7.3 Project Planning 77. During planning stage, detailed survey of entire line is undertaken and route alignment of transmission/distribution line is finalised. Similarly, tentative locations for substation are identified and environment & social screening is conducted. After screening & scoping process of proposed project are completed, specific management plan are prepared by assessing potential impacts of identified E & S issues associated with transmission/distribution line and substation. Following activities are conducted in this stage.  Environment and Social Screening & Scoping for substation;  Environmental Assessment and Management Planning (IEAR);  Social Assessment of Temporary Damages for TL (CPTD). 7.3.1 Environment and Social Screening for substation A. Objective 1) to identify environmentally & social sensitive areas, E & S issues; 2) to outline scope for land acquisition. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 60 B. Process 1) PEDM identify tentative locations for substation for E & S screening and scoping based on specific parameters information collected from secondary sources including technical requirements as per the checklist (Annexure-16); 2) A broad analysis for each alternative site is also carried out after spot verification by site office to checks that environmentally and socially sensitive areas are not encountered; 3) Site office will consult revenue authorities for their views on selected sites and shortlist the optimum site; 4) In case of land controlled by ADC, district/village council is consulted for obtaining their consent. C. Output 1) Environment & Social screening and scoping document with details of as part of environmentally and socially sensitive areas, E & S issues etc and views of revenue deptt. & scope of land acquisition. 7.3.2 Environmental Assessment and Management Planning A. Objective 1) To prepare EAMP(IEAR) B. Process 1) While finalizing the route alignment during detailed survey, the involvement of forest area is ascertained. If protected areas (Wildlife Sanctuaries, National Parks, Biosphere Reserves, etc.) or any notified/recognized migratory path/fly path is encountered in spite of utmost care/optimization, a separate biodiversity assessment study through an independent expert/agency shall be carried out as part of the Environment Assessment (EA) process. The Terms of Reference of the biodiversity assessment study is provided in Annexure-17. In case of forest involvement, forest proposal is prepared for transmission/distribution line with the help of Forest Department which includes details of species and girth wise classification of trees to be felled, cost benefit analysis, identified degraded forest land, details of Compensatory Afforestation (CA) enumerated on a map and preparation of CA scheme. Various digitalized map of diverted and CA area, NOC/certificate from DC under FRA, 2006 etc. are submitted Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 61 along with the forest proposal. In case of forest area controlled by ADC, PEDM shall obtain NOC from village/district council before the formal process of forest clearance is initiated; 2) Prepare IEAR detailing assessment and review of potential environment and social issues identified during screening & scoping and formulate a project specific Environment Management Plan (EMP) highlighting management measures to mitigate the same ( Annexure - 20 for contents of IEAR); 3) Public Consultations are held en-route of line to ascertain public views/suggestion, if any on proposed project. C. Output 1) IEAR detailing assessment and review of potential environment & social issues and associated management measures; 2) Biodiversity Assessment Report (if applicable). 7.3.3 Social Assessment for Temporary Damages for TL (CPTD) A. Objective 1) To prepare CPTD B. Process 1) PEDM shall undertake assessment of land area likely to be affected by putting up tower and line and extent of damages during foundation, erection & stringing works; 2) Formulate appropriate management plan to minimize the damages and prepare compensation plan for temporary damages in consultation with revenue deptt. .and affected person based on above assessment. The CPTD prepared at this stage will be periodically updated based on check survey and finalisation of tower location and its owner during project implementation. C. Output 1) CPTD detailing assessment of temporary damages and associated management measures including compensation plan (refer Annexure-21 for contents of CPTD). 7.4 Approval 78. Environment and social management steps are initiated during approvals stage of project cycle. The Detail Project Report including the EAMP after recommendation of internal management Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 62 is forwarded to State Govt. and funding agency (if applicable) for concurrence and budget allocation/funding. Procedure of forest clearance (If needed) is initiated by submitting forest proposal to concerned authority. If acquisition of private land is involved till the new act is made applicable to State of Mizoram, PEDM shall initiate the process of procurement of land through direct purchases on negotiated rate on willing buyer and willing seller basis and/or through donations. During this stage, following activities are undertaken: 7.4.1 Forest Clearance A. Objective 1) To obtain forest clearance from MoEF B. Process 1) PEDM submits a forest proposal request through online on MoEF forest clearance web portal (http://forestsclearance.nic.in)11. On receiving the request, Nodal Officer (NO) after scrutiny forward the same to concerned Divisional Forest Officer (DFO) for assessment of the land proposed to be diverted for the transmission/distribution line and for formulation of proposal; 2) After formulation, DFO recommend the proposal to CF (Conservator of Forests) and again send to CCF to NO and PCCF (Principal Chief Conservator of Forests) who will forward it to State Secretary of Forests and finally to MoEF; 3) Forest clearance is issued in two stages Stage-I & Stage-II. Stage-I approval is conditional on PEDM on depositing the cost of compensatory afforestation and Net Present Value to forest Deptt. and fulfilling any other stipulated conditions. Work in forest area can be undertaken after realizing the fund by MoEF deposited towards CA & NPV by PEDM. State Govt. informs MoEF about compliance of conditions and MoEF grant final approval. C. Output 1) Forest Clearance from MoEF allowing PEDM activities in given forest area 7.4.2 State Government Approval A. Objective 1) To obtain approvals from GoM for DPR for budget allocation/fund 11 For details refer Annexure – 9a Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 63 B. Process 1) PEDM submit DPR including the environment and social component of the project to State Govt. through its State Planning Deptt. C. Output 1) Approval of State Govt. for the project 7.4.3 Social Impact Management Plan (SIMP) for substation (if applicable) A. Objective 1) To prepare SIMP by State Government B. Process 79. On confirmation of the scheme, PEDM would submit a proposal for land acquisition detailing the extent of land and the affected area to be notified and acquired for the project by the State government. In accordance with the RFCTLARRA, 2013 the responsibility of preparation of the SIMP rests with GoM. The preparation of the SIMP including the SIA, RAP and the Public Disclosure would be carried out by the Rehabilitation and Resettlement Commissioner of the State Government. Procedures expected to be adopted by GoM is described below. i) Establishment of Institutions As per RFCTLARRA, 2013 the following bodies are to be established permanently in the state (to cater to all projects proposed in future):  The State Social Impact Assessment Unit;  The office of the Commissioner Rehabilitation & Resettlement;  The State Level Monitoring Committee For a particular project, the following bodies will be established:  The Expert Group to appraise the SIA;  The office of the Administrator Rehabilitation & Resettlement;  Project Level Committees Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 64 ii) Social Impact Assessments12  State SIA Unit, after the receipt of a request from GoM, will prepare a detailed project specific Terms of Reference (ToR) for each proposed case of land acquisition;  Based on the nature and extent of the work involved, costs involved are decided and require depositing the same with the Unit;  SIA Unit deploys an external professional agency (or individuals) for the conduction of SIA.  The first step in the SIA will involve building up a detailed understanding of the proposed project and reviewing its stated public purpose. The project should be screened to ensure that it meets the cause of “public purpose”;  The SIA shall conduct a detailed land assessment, list out accurately the number of PAPs, socio-economic as well as cultural profile of the PAPs as well as that of their environ, and asses the nature and extent of impacts likely to occur as a result of the project intervention;  Impacts are to be identified at different phases of the project cycle- planning, construction and O&M. Same time efforts are to be made on assessing: (i) direct/ indirect impacts; and (ii) differential impacts – on women, children, elderly and disabled. The latter can be done through gender impact assessments and/ or vulnerability and resilience mapping;  Following the above assessment, a SIMP is prepared encompassing a comprehensive compensation as well as R&R entitlements in respect of each PAP;  Formal public hearing/s will be held in the affected areas with the specific purpose of presenting the main findings of the SIA, seeking feedback on its contents, and making sure that any omissions or additional information and views are incorporated into the final documents. These hearings will be held in all the GPs and/ or Village Council whose lands are proposed to be acquired;  Explicit consent will be required in the case of lands in respect of tribal areas from ADC and the Village Councils;  Every Social Impact Assessment (SIA) conducted will be formally appraised by an Expert Group, which will then make a written recommendation to the Government on whether or not the proposed land acquisition should proceed. Final decision to accept or not, and go ahead or not, rests with GoM; iii) Disclosure The final SIA Report and SIMP will be published in the local language and made available: 12 The responsibility to carry out SIA and preparation of R & R Plan , its disclosure, approval etc. is in the domain of State Govt. and not under Utility(PEDM) Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 65  The Panchayat, Municipality or Municipal Corporation and the offices of the District Collector, Sub-Divisional Magistrate and the Tehsil;  Published in the affected areas; and  Uploaded on the websites of the government. iv) Compensation and Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R)  Based on the SIMP, the Collector shall discuss the Package in a meeting with the Rehabilitation and Resettlement committee at project level, and submit the Package to Commissioner Rehabilitation and Resettlement along with his/ her remarks;  The Commissioner Rehabilitation and Resettlement shall, after due vetting, accords approval to the scheme and make it available in public domain;  After approval of R & R plan by Commissioner R & R , the Collector shall issue two awards one for land compensation based on procedures described in act & State’s rules and second for R & R as per approved SIMP v) Compensation and Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) As far as possible, no acquisition of land shall be made in the Scheduled Areas and where such acquisition take place it shall be done only as a demonstrable last resort. In addition to the R&R package, SC/ST families will be entitled to the following additional benefits;  One time financial assistance of Rs. 50,000 per family;  Families settled outside the district shall be entitled to an additional 25% R&R benefits;  Payment of one third of the compensation amount at very outset;  Preference in relocation and resettlement in area in same compact block;  Free land for community and social gatherings;  In case of displacement, a Development Plan is to be prepared  Continuation of reservation and other benefits of Schedule V and Schedule VI area from displaced area to resettlement area C. Output 1) Social Impact Management Plan (SIMP) including SIA, RAP and Public Disclosure by GoM. 7.1.4 Funding Agency Concurrence/Acceptance (if applicable) A . Objective 1) To obtain concurrence of funding agencies related to E & S components of the projects Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 66 B. Proess 1) PEDM submits DPR and various reports on environment and social like IEAR, CPTD to funding agencies for appraisal and concurrence. C. Output 1) Acceptance/concurrence of funding agencies. 7.5 Detailed Design & Tendering 80. During this stage, following environment & social management activities are undertaken; 1) Design measures that can avoid environmental and social impacts like taller/specialized towers and changes of substation configuration for example protect sensitive receptors nearby would be made a part of the bidding documents; 2) PEDM shall either implement IEAR/CPTD in-house or engage outside agencies that are capable of executing such task; 3) Project specific EMP to be made part of contract/bidding document for implementation by contractors/subcontractors 7.5.1 Project Implementation 81. During this phase, various environment and social management plan prepared for the project are implemented and monitored. This includes;  Execution of EMP & EAMP  Execution of CPTD 7.5.2 Execution of EMP & EAMP A. Objective 1) To carryout environment management works as prescribed in IEAR B. Process 1) EAMP (IEAR) is executed taking into account appropriate working clearance & ROW (by cutting/ felling/pruning trees etc and other measures identified in clearance. Forest dept. undertakes CA Scheme; Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 67 2) Other mitigation measures enlisted in EMP are executed by PEDM and Contractor; 3) PEDM shall initiate the process (for WB funded projects) and prepare a Final Environmental Assessment Report (FEAR) (refer Annexure-22 for contents of FEAR). C. Output 1) Tangible proof of EMP/EAMP execution; 2) FEAR containing compliance of mitigation measures as listed in IEAR, EMP implementation and details of forest clearance etc. 7.5.3 Execution of CPTD A. Objectives 1) To carryout social management works as prescribed in CPTD. B. Process 1) PEDM shall pay the compensation in consultation with revenue authority and affected persons and execute any other measures as agreed and documentation in the CPTD for transmission/distribution lines. C. Output 1) Tangible proof of execution of social management measures; 2) RoW. 7.5.4 Execution of SIMP (if applicable) A. Objectives 1) SIMP to be executed by GoM as per RFCTLARRA, 2013. B. Process 82. The execution of the SIMP is the responsibility of the GoM. However, the following process is to be facilitated by PEDM: 1) PEDM deposits cost for land and R & R measures as per award issued under RFCTLARRA, 2013 to concerned authority/State Government; 2) Transfer of compensation and monetary R & R benefits to affected persons account by GoM; 3) Possession of land by PEDM. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 68 C. Output 1) Possession of land 7.6 Operation and Maintenance (O&M) 83. The environment & social works undertaken in earlier phase of project cycle are monitored in this period. 7.6.1 Environmental Monitoring A. Objectives 1) To monitor work undertaken as part of EAMP B. Process 1) Regular patrolling of RoW and CA; 2) Substation to be monitored on daily basis; 3) Others mitigation measures outlined in EMP are monitored as per schedules C. Output 1) Periodic monitoring reports containing updates of execution of EAMP execution. 7.6.2 Social Monitoring: A. Objectives 1) To monitor work undertaken as part of CPTD, SIMP (if applicable). B. Process 1) CPTD implementation; 2) If land acquisition is involved, PEDM (as member of State R & R committee) monitored SIMP implemented by GoM as per the provisions of RFCTLARRA,2013. C. Output 1) Periodic monitoring reports containing updates of execution of CPTD and SIMP execution. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 69 7.7 Review i) Circle office of PEDM at Engg.-in-Charge office shall monitor and review of E&S activities of the Transmission and Distribution project on monthly basis along with site office; ii) The implementation/performance of environmental and social management measures along with other project works shall be reviewed by PEDM management initially every quarter for a period of at least 1 (one) year as this ESPP will be inducted in its corporate functioning first time in implementation of PEDM’s Transmission/ Distribution Project; iii) PEDM Management shall undertake annual review of ESPP implementation to obtain feedback on problems/limitations/stakeholders expectations for deliberations and incorporating changes/improvement in the document for its smooth implementation. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 70 Table 7.1: Environmental and Social Assessment & Management Process of a Typical T & D Project Milestones Objectives Process Responsibility Product/Decision I. Project Conceptualisation 1. Environmental  To identify environmentally and socially  Screen and scope Transmission Lines from an  Circle office  Environmental & and Social sensitive areas, issues and possible environmental and social perspective  Engg. Dept. Social screening and Screening & management measures  Desk Review  Site office scoping documents as Scoping for  To suggest alternate transmission line routes,  Spot Verification part of Concept Transmission if necessary  Informal Public Consultation Paper. /Distribution  To outline the scope of Environmental  Consultation with Forest Dept.& Lines Assessment (EA) and Social Assessment (SA) Revenue Authorities studies 2. Environmental &  To obtain environmental & social approvals  Submit ‘Concept Paper’ (with E&S screening  Engg. Dept  PEDM Management Social approval from the PEDM management and In-principle & scoping details) to PEDM Management  Site office Appraisal. approval by State Govt.  Circle office  Submit ‘Concept Paper’ (with E &S screening  Engg. Dept  In-Principle approval and scoping details) for In-principle approval  Circle office by State Govt. by State Govt II. Project Planning  Environmental and  To identify substation lands avoiding/  Screen and scope substation sites from an  Engg. Dept.  Environmental & Social Screening minimising environmentally and socially environmental and social perspective  Circle office social screening and and Scoping for sensitive areas,  Desk Review  Site office scoping documents substations  Selection of proper site which has minimal  Spot Verification for substations impact  Consultation with Revenue Authorities  To suggest alternate substation sites , if  Informal Public view necessary  To outline scope of land acquisition  Environmental  To prepare IEAR for the project/sub- a. Forest Areas  Circle office  IEAR Assessment & projects.  Tree Enumeration  Site Office  Environmental Management  Cost-benefit Analysis  Auth. Agencies review Planning  Compensatory Afforestation  Forest Proposal b. Other Areas  Environmental  Undertake environmental review and Management formulate appropriate management Measures measures  Views of Public Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 71 Milestones Objectives Process Responsibility Product/Decision c. Public Consultation  To inform/record public views for refinement / review if needed  Social Assessment  To prepare Compensation Plan for  Undertake assessment of land area likely to be  Circle office  CPTD for Temporary Temporary Damages(CPTD) affected by putting up tower and line and  Site office  Social review Damages for TL extent of damages during foundation, erection  Authorised  Management & stringing works. Agencies measures  Formulate appropriate management plan to  Compensation minimize impact and prepare compensation plan plan III. Project Approvals 1. State Govt.  To obtain project approval from GoM  Submit DPR (with EAMP and Social  Circle office  Project approved by Screening and Scoping details) to Planning  Engg. Dept. State Govt. Dept./GoM for their review 2. Financial  To obtain acceptance from FA for  Submit DPR along with IEAR and CPTD to  Circle office  Acceptance/concurren Agency’s environmental & social components of Financial Agency for acceptance ce by FA Acceptance Concept Paper or IEAR & CPTD 3. Forest Clearance  To obtain Forest Clearance  Submit forest proposal to concerned authority.  Site office  Final Forest  Forest Proposal to MoEF for conditional  Circle office Clearance by MoEF approval after recommendation by GoM  Forward Compliance report by GoM to MoEF for Final Forest Clearance IV. Detailed Design & Award 1. Environment  To appoint a suitable agency to implement  Select and appoint suitable agency for  Circle office  Agency appointed for Assessment and IEAR/CPTD , if required IEAR/CPTD implementation, if required  Site office IEAR/CPTD Social  To include EMP part of bidding/contract  EMP included in bidding /contract document  Circle office  EMP part of contract Management document for implementation by contractor  Site office document Measures V. Project Implementation 1. Execution of  To undertake environmental management  Execute environmental management works  Circle office  Environmental Environmental work as prescribed in environmental  Appropriate clearance for transmission line  Authorised management Management assessment management plan ROW, etc. Agency measures executed Works  Compensatory Afforestation  Site office  EMP by contractor  Contractors Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 72 Milestones Objectives Process Responsibility Product/Decision  Preparation of Final Environment  Compliance to mitigation measures listed in  Circle office  FEAR for FA Assessment Report(FEAR), If required (for  IEAR  Authorised WB funded project)  EMP Agency  Forest clearance  Site office  Contractors 2. Execution of  To undertake social management work as  Transmission lines  Circle office  Social management CPTD for TL & prescribed in CPTD  Pay compensation in consultation with  External measures executed SIMP for Revenue Authority and affected persons Agency Substation (if as agreed & documented in CPTD and  Site applicable) execute other measures  Sub-stations  Deposit cost for land and R & R measures  Possession of land as per award  PEDM  Transfer of compensation money to affected person’s a/c  Possession of land VI. Operation & Maintenance 1. Environmental &  To monitor work being undertaken as part of  Monitor EAMP measures  Circle office  Periodic monitoring Social Monitoring EAMP, CPTD & SIMP(if applicable)  Maintenance of ROWs  Site office reports  Progress on compensatory afforestation  Compliance to EMP as per schedule  Monitor CPTD measures  Circle office  Appropriate compensation and other  Site office measures during maintenance of towers and lines  Circle office  Monitor SIMP measures undertaken by State  Site Government as per RFCTLARRA, 2013(If land acquisition involved) VII. Project Review 1. Annual  To review annually the EAMP and the  Review and report on environmental and  Circle office  Annual Environmental & CPTD of its projects social performance of project during  Corporate environmental and Social Review construction operation and maintenance office social review report Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures 73 7.8 Risk Management Framework 84. Environmental and Social Risk Assessment is a vital part of PEDM’s environmental and social management strategies. The risk assessment process identifies existing risks, and forecast future potential risks in its power transmission/distribution projects. It is a scientific process that includes cost benefit analysis. The environment and social management procedures developed by PEDM evaluate these risks, both qualitatively and quantitatively, and prioritise them. Based on prioritisation, environment and social management options are selected. 85. PEDM’s risk assessment process involves several, successive, interactive stages, which have been included in the environmental and social assessment and management procedures and are, listed below:  Risk Identification  Risk Assessment  Risk Characterisation  Risk Management  Risk Mitigation  Risk Preparedness 85 PEDM, based on its environmental and social risk assessment process, decides on management options to purge environmental and social impacts. The risk management process includes risk preparedness, risk mitigation and the sharing of liabilities (via Internal Arrangements and Insurance). Responsibilities in the event of occurrence of a risk have been illustrated in Table 7.2. Internal Arrangement 86 To absorb the risk in the event of its occurrence PEDM will strengthen internal capacities. This would include creating funds or supplementing present funds to prepare for contingencies such as major ecological disasters adverse or health impact resulting in environmental human disease. Insurance 87 To share risk, PEDM will maintain insurance schemes and supplement them to give it fuller coverage as regards environmental and social risks. The only legislation relevant to environmental insurance is the Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991. This Act makes it mandatory for any owner dealing with and handling hazardous substance to take out an insurance policy. In case of an industrial accident, payment to the victims will be made from the relief funds and insurance cover. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures-Mizoram 74 Table 7.2: PEDM’s Risk Responsibility Framework Risk GOM /PEDM Contractor Insurers Non compliance Regulatory13   - Non compliance Contractual14 -  - Major hazards, e.g. tower fall during    construction During O&M  - - Impacts on health15 etc.  - - Force Majeure - -  Insurable Force Majeure  - - Non-Insurable Inclusion/ Exclusion of concerned  - - Communities Public Interest Litigation  - - 13 Regulatory like working in forest/protected areas without statutory clearances. 14 Contractual like noncompliance of condition of clearance like fuel supply to labourer to avoid tree felling, no-work during night times, etc. 15 Impact of health like any case of prolonged exposure to Electro-Magnetic Field (EMF). Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures-Mizoram 75 8. Implementation Arrangements 88 Ministry of Power (MoP), GoI has appointed POWERGRID as Design cum Implementation Supervision Consultant (i.e Project Management Consultant-PMC) now changed to Implementing Agency (IA). However, the ownership of the assets shall be with respective State Govt’s /State Utilities, which upon progressive commissioning shall be handed over to them for taking care of Operation and Maintenance of assets. 89 The arrangement for monitoring and reviewing of project from the perspective of environment and social management will form part of overall arrangements for project management and implementation environment. Following implementation arrangement has been proposed at different levels for smooth implementation of this project; 8.1 Administrative Arrangement for Project Implementation  Central Project Implementation Unit (CPIU) - A body responsible for coordinating the preparation and implementation of the project and shall be housed within the IA’s offices at Guwahati. The “Project-In-Charge” of IA & Head of each of the SPCU shall be a member of CPIU.  State Project Coordination Unit (SPCU) – A body formed by the Utility and responsible for coordinating with IA in preparing and implementing the project at the State level. It consist of experts across different areas from the Utility and shall be headed by an officer of the rank not below Chief Engineer, from PEDM.  Project Implementation Unit (PIU) – A body formed by the IA, including members of PEDM on deputation, and responsible for implementing the Project across the State, with its personnel being distributed over work site & working in close association with the SPCU/ CPIU. PIU report to State level “Project Manager” nominated by the Project -in-Charge of IA. The IA will have a Core team stationed at the CPIU on permanent basis and other PMC officers (with required skills) will visit as and when required by this core team. 8.2 Review of Project Implementation Progress: 90 To enable timely implementation of the project/subprojects, following committee has been setup to review the progress;  Joint Co-ordination Committee (JCC): IA and SPCU nominate their representatives in a body called JCC to review the project. PMC shall specify quarterly milestones or targets, which shall Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures-Mizoram 76 be reviewed by JCC through a formal monthly review meeting. This meeting forum shall be called as Joint Co-ordination Committee Meeting (JCCM).The PMC shall convene & keep a record of every meeting. MoP, GoI and The Bank may join as and when needed. Minutes of the meeting will be shared with all concerned and if required, with GoI and The Bank.  High Power Committee (HPC): The Utility in consultation with its State Government shall arrange to constitute a High Power Committee (HPC) consisting of high level officials from the Utility, State/ District Administration, Law enforcement agencies, Forest Department. etc. so that various permission/ approvals/ consents/ clearances etc. are processed expeditiously so as to reach the benefits of the Project to the end consumers. HPC shall meet on bimonthly basis or earlier, as per requirement. This forum shall be called as High Power Committee Meeting (HPCM) and the SPCU shall keep a record of every meeting. Minutes of the meeting will be shared with all concerned and if required, with GoI and The Bank.  Contractor’s Review Meeting (CRM): Periodic Review Meeting will be held by officials of PIU with Contractors at field offices, State Head Quarters (PIU location) and if required with core team of PMC at Guwahati. These shall be called “Contractor’s Review Meeting” (CRM). PIU shall keep a record of all CRMs, which shall be shared with all concerned and if required, with GoI and The Bank. 91 A review will be held among MoP, GoI, The Bank, State Government., Utility and IA, at four (4) months interval or earlier if needed, primarily to maintain oversight at the top level and also to debottleneck issues that require intervention at GoI/ State Government level. Minutes of the meeting shall be prepared by PMC and shared with all concerned. 8.3 Implementation Arrangement for Environment & Social Management by PEDM 92 ESPP implementation requires a robust and efficient institutional framework. This section captures these institutional arrangements for ESPP implementation by its employees who collectively have experience of laying and maintaining substations, transmission and sub-transmission lines. Moreover, services of leading environment/social institutes/individual experts specializing in the relevant discipline may be utilized in the initial stage, if needed. Independent specialist may also be engaged to deal with complex and technical issues like wildlife management. POWERGRID who has also been designated as Implementing Agency (IA) has vast experience of implementation of thousands of kilometers transmission lines in the country and abroad. POWERGRID is also leader in development and subsequent implementation of ESPP in the country. The service of POWERGRID’s trained and experience personnel shall be utilised for training and establishment of institutional Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures-Mizoram 77 framework of PEDM. Moreover, successful implementation of provision of ESPP requires involvement and support of higher officials of PEDM who shall regularly monitor/review E & S aspects of transmission and distribution project. 8.3.1 Organizational Requirements 93 To ensure quality and strengthen organizational systems to enable effective implementation of the ESPP, PEDM shall have to set out procedures and work culture, which will promote total involvement of all its personnel. To attain assigned goal following shall be ensured:  A coordinated system of functioning to be adopted by PEDM Planning Dept. who is the spokesperson of Engineer-in-Chief of PEDM/ Sect. (Power).  An emphasis on intra-departmental approach, demarcation of departmental responsibilities and the delegation of authority, which will upshot quick response and amendment to change.  A commitment to provide at all times the best possible time bound quality service in all areas of its operations. 94 PEDM’s commitment to the ESPP shall have to be developed with these principles. To ensure effective implementation of its ESPP, PEDM will focus on: ― Strengthening the implementation of the ESPP by deploying specialist or redeployment of appropriately trained personnel at key levels; ― Placing dedicated manpower with specialization in the respective field to deal and manage the environment and social issues; ― Reinforcing in-house capabilities by working with specialized external agencies; ― Frequent/regular review by higher management ― Annual review of the ESPP implementation and problem faced to start with internally or through external agencies as necessary. 95 Office of Engg.-in-Chief will have overall responsibility for construction, operation, and maintenance of transmission/distribution systems apart from providing necessary support services (Refer Figure -8.1: PEDM Departmental profile for the basic structure of the Head office/Circle office and Site office). 8.3.2 Organizational Structure and Responsibilities Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures-Mizoram 78 96 An appropriate organizational structure shall have to be developed at the head, circle and site level to help effective implementation of the ESPP document. The organizational flowchart of PEDM for the proposed ESPP is given in Figure 8.1. 97 At the Circle office level, an Environment and Social Management Cell (ESMC) will be formed under SPIU headed by Chief Engineer (Transmission Circle). However, Planning Dept. in tandem with Transmission Circle shall extend all help for the successful implementation of ESPP in PEDM functioning. The key responsibilities of ESMC will include:  Coordinating environmental and social commitments and initiatives with various multilateral agencies, GoM and MoEF.  Coordination of all environmental activities related to a project from conceptualisation to operation and maintenance stage.  Advising and coordinating site offices to carry out environmental and social surveys and route alignment for new projects.  Advising site offices to follow-up with the state forest offices and other state departments for expediting forest clearances and other E & S issues of various projects.  Providing a focal point for interaction with the MoEF for expediting forest clearances  Training of Circle and Site officials on E & S issues arising out of Transmission/ Distribution projects and their management plan.  Training of other departments to familiarize them with the ESPP document. 98 A responsibility allocation matrix has been developed as per Table 8.1. This matrix captures the project activities, environmental and social management processes, key indicators to monitor progress, roles, and responsibilities of various stakeholders at different levels and involvement of external agencies. Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures-Mizoram 79 Figure-8.1 : PEDM Organization Chart and for the Proposed ESPP Structure Commissioner & Secretary to GOM Joint Sect. Under Sect. (Tech.). Office of the Engineer-in-Chief Engg.-in. Chief SE(E)-Design Jt. Director DD (Admin.) EO to E-in-C CE (Civil) SE (E)-Plg. SE(E)-Com. CE(E) RE (A/C) (RGGVY) Circle Office CE (SO) P&E CE (Dist.) CE (New) SPIU for PS Improvement P&E Project WB/GoI Funding Chief elect. SLDC Project Circle- Aizwal Lunglei Power Transmission Project Circle-I Champhal Power Inspectorate. Circle II Aizwal Power Circle Circle Circle Aizwal Aizwal Circle SPIU SPIU Finance (A/C SE (Civil) SE(Civil) Land acquisition officer-New) (Existing) (Existing) Officer (New) EE (E) EE (E) (New) (New) AE (E) AE (E) AE (E) AE (E) Existing Existing Existing Existing Vacant Post Vacant Post Vacant Post Vacant Post Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures-Mizoram 80 Table 8.1: Responsibility Allocation Framework for the E & S Assessment & Management Process Responsibility Output / Internal External Milestones Process Indicators Preparation Review Approval Preparation / Execution I. Project Conceptualisation  E & S screening 1. Environmental &  Screen and scope  PEDM and scoping  Pre-apprisal by Social Screening Transmission/Distribution  Engg. Dept. Management documents as  Site office Planning Deptt., and Scoping for T Lines from an environmental  SPIU Appraisal part of Concept GoM & D Lines & social perspective Paper  SPIU  PEDM  Submit Concept paper (with  PEDM/ GoM 2. Environmental &  SPIU  Engg. Dept. Management  In-principle E&S details) for Appraisal Social approval  Plg.Dpt./PEDM  Plg.Dpt./ Appraisal approval by GoM Management Approval PEDM II. Project Planning  Screen and scope sub-  E & S Screening  Ext. agency like 1. Environmental & stations sites from an and Scoping  SPIU  PEDM revenue, forest dept Social Screening environmental & social reports for  Site office  Engg. Dept. Management etc. for Social and Scoping for perspective substation sites  SPIU  Plg. Dept. Approval Screening & substations  Consultation with Revenue  Scope for land /PEDM Scoping Authorities acquisition  To prepare EAMP 2. Environmental  Environmental/  Transmission/Distribution  PEDM Assessment and Assessment  SPIU line  SPIU Management  State Forest Dept Management Management  Site office  Substations Approval Planning Plan  Public Consultation (line) 3. Social  To prepare CPTD  Compensation Assessment for  Assessment of temporary Plan for  PEDM Temporary  SPIU damages Temporary  SPIU Management  Revenue Dept Damages for TL  Site office  Compensation plan Damages Approval  Public consultation (CPTD) Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures-Mizoram 81 Responsibility Output / Internal External Milestones Process Indicators Preparation Review Approval Preparation / Execution III. Project Approvals  Submit forest proposal to State Govt  Final Forest  PEDM  Forest Proposal to MoEF for  SPIU  SPIU 1. Forest Clearance Clearance by Management  RMoEF/MoEF 1st stage approval  Site office  Finance Deptt. MOEF Approval  Compliance to MoEF for Final Forest Clearance  Circle Office  SPIU  PEDM  Submit DPR (with E & S  Project approval  Budget/fund 2. State Govt.  Plg.Dept./  Plg.Dept/ Management details) to State Govt. by State Govt. allocation  PEDM.  PEDM Approval  Submit IEAR and CPTD to  IEAR and CPTD  SPIU  SPIU  Management  Detailed appraisal 3. FA Acceptance Funding Agencies for concurrence by  Plg.Dept.  Plg.Dept. Approval and concurrence appraisal FA  PEDM  PEDM. IV. Detailed Design & Award  Authorised  Engage authorised agencies  Site 1 IEAR/CPTD agencies engaged  Plg.Dept.  Management  Monitoring for E & S management plan  SPIU Implementation to execute  SPIU Approval /Supervision work . management works 2.EMP part of bidding  Project specific EMP to be  EMP part of  Circle office SPIU  Management  Monitoring documents included in bidding document contract Approval /Supervision document V. Project Implementation 1. Execution of  Environmental  Site office  Environment Environmental  Execute environmental management  SPIU / Circle  Management  Authorised management works Management management works(IEAR) measures office Approval agency executed Works executed 2. Execution of  Execute CPTD for TL  CPTD – by  Site office  SPIU/Circle  Management  Social management CPTD & SIMP (if  SIMP for Substations PEDM)  SIA/GoM office Approval works executed applicable) (SIA/GoM)  SIA/GoM (for  Plg./PEDM  SIA/GoM  Possession of Land substations)  SIA Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures-Mizoram 82 Responsibility Output / Internal External Milestones Process Indicators Preparation Review Approval Preparation / Execution VI. Operation & Maintenance  Periodic  Monitor EAMP &CPTD (TL) monitoring  SPIU Circle  Periodic monitoring  SPIU Site Office  Management 1. Environmental & measures reports office report  Site office Approval Social Monitoring  Monitor SIMP (if applicable)  Periodic  O&M circle  Periodic monitoring SIA/GoM  SIA/GoM Measures by SIA/GoM monitoring office reports reports (SIA) VII. Project Review  Annual 1. Periodic  Review and report on E & S  Site office  Plg./PEDM environmental  Management  FA appraisal Environmental & performance of project during  SPIU /Circle Engg. Dept and social review Approval  GoM Social Review construction, O &M office  Fin. dept report Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures-Mizoram 83 9. Training & Capacity Building 99 Training and development of employees shall be an essential part for implementation of ESPP. Identification/assessment of Training requirement is to be carried out Circle office and Site level, based on which focused training modules will be developed for:  Strengthening in house capacity to implement the provisions of ESPP  Creating awareness providing the tools for implementation of ESPP and related management procedures to all departments  Developing competence within key employees by providing training in their respective field 100 Based on training needs identification ESMC/Circle office/Site office are key organisational support groups, which need to have required competence to integrate the ESPP document within all departments. The skill requirement for these groups is depicted in Table 9.1. Based on skill requirement/improvement at all levels for proper implementation of ESPP, training program focusing personnel from Head Office, ESMC/Circle office, Divn./Sub-divn./Site office is prepared in Table 9.2 to implement for staff development program. These training programs may be conducted with the help of local experts and or national training institution and experts in various aspect of environmental and social management. Table 9.1 : PEDM’s Skill Requirement Environment and Social Management Engineering Planning Milestones Field office Cell (ESMC) at Circle office Department Department 1. Environmental & Social  ESPP & Project Cycle  E & S issues  EA & SA process Screening and Scoping for  Dom./Ext. FA Requirement identification skills  Env. & Soc. issues identification & Transmission Lines  EA & SA process  EA & SA process management technique  Env. & Soc. issues identification &  Negotiation skills management technique  Mitigation techniques  Negotiation skills  Mitigation techniques 2. Environmental & Social  EA & SA process approval  ESPP & project cycle  FA requirement  E&S mgmt. Techniques 3. Environmental & Social  Env. & Soc. issues identification skills  E & S issues  E & S issues identification skills Screening and Scoping for  EA & SA process identification skills  EA & SA process sub-station sites  EA & SA process 4. Environmental Assessment  EA process  EA process  EA process and Management Planning  EM techniques  EM techniques  EM techniques  Risk assessment  Risk assessment  Forest proposal process  Forest proposal process  Comp. afforestation process  Comp. afforestation process 5. Forest Clearance  Forest proposal process  Forest clearance  Forest proposal process  Compensatory afforestation process process  Compensatory afforestation process 6. GoM Approvals  FA requirements  Central and Ext.  Awareness of Central/State laws, FA requirements policies on environment and social  Awareness of aspects Central/State laws, policies on Environment and Social Management Engineering Planning Milestones Field office Cell (ESMC) at Circle office Department Department environment and social aspects 7. FA acceptance  FA requirements  Central & Ext. FA  Awareness of Central/State laws, requirements policies on environment and social  Awareness of aspects Central laws, policies on E&S aspects 8. Social Assessment for  SA process,  SA process  SA process, Temporary Damages  Public consult skills  SM techniques  Public consult skills  SM process  SM process 9. Consultation for  Skill to assess Consultation IEAR/CPTD works capabilities to meet IEAR/ CPTD 10. Execution of EAMP works  EM techniques  EM process  EM techniques  Compensatory Afforestation process  Compensatory Afforestation process 11. Execution of CPTD  SM process  SM process  SM process  SM techniques  SM techniques 12. Monitoring  Monitoring Techniques  Monitoring techniques 13. Annual E & S Review  Review process  Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures-Mizoram 86 Table 9.2 : Staff Development Programme Course Training Duration Of For Awareness/ Department Schedule Programme Orientation and for Training of Staff  ESPP Workshop 1/2 day or 1 day All Senior staff  All  Policy (CE and  Contents of ESPP proposed ESPP  How PEDM will Team at Circle implement the ESPP office  ESPP Workshop 2 days Proposed ESPP  ESMC  Policy Team and  SPIU  Project cycle relevant staff  Engg. Dept.  E&S assessment and  Corp. Plg. Management process  Legal Dept.  RFCTLARRA, 2013 Workshop 2 days Interface with  Fin. Dept. (If applicable) State Govt.  SIA Agencies like  R & R Planning SIA, R & R  Public consultation Commissioner and External Expert  ESPP Training 3 days Proposed ESPP  ESMC/  Project cycle Programme Team and  SPIU  EA&SA process relevant staff  Site/Field  Env. & Soc. issue Officials identification  Public consultation  Risk Assessment & Management  EAMP & CPTD 10. Grievance Redressal Mechanism (GRM) 101 GRM is an integral and important mechanism for addressing/resolving the concern and grievances in a transparent and swift manner. Many minor concerns of peoples are addressed during public consultation process initiated at the beginning of the project and broadly outlined in Annexure-23. For handling grievance, PEDM shall establish Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) at two places, one at the project/scheme level and another at Head Quarter (HQ) level. The GRCs shall include members from PEDM, Local Administration, Village Panchayat Members, Affected Persons representative and reputed persons from the society and representative from the autonomous districts council in case of tribal districts selected/decided on nomination basis under the chairmanship of project head. The GRC is aimed to provide a trusted way to voice and resolve environment & social concerns of the project, and to address affected person/community concerns in a time bound manner without impacting project implementation. The composition of GRC shall be disclosed in villages/their councils office and concerned district headquarter for wider coverage. 102 The complainant will also be allowed to submit its complaint to local project official who will pass it to GRC immediately but not more than 5 days of receiving such complaint. The first meeting of GRC will be organized within 15 days of its constitution/disclosure to formulate procedure and frequency of meeting. However, GRC meeting shall be convened within 15 days of receiving a grievance for its solution. GRC endeavor will be to pronounce its decision/ may also refer it to GRC at HQ for solution within 30-45 days of receiving grievances. In case complainant/ appellant is not satisfied with the decision of GRC they can approach PEDM HQ Level Committee /District Collector or Court of law for solution. 103 The Field /Site Office shall keep records of all grievances received including: contact details of complainant, date that the complaint was received, nature of grievance, agreed corrective actions and the date these were effected, and final outcome. 104 The HQ level GRC shall function under the chairmanship of Engineer-In- Chief who will nominate other members of GRC including one representative from ESMC at Circle Office who is conversant with the environment & social issues. The composition of HQ level GRC shall be communicated to all project head who is also the chairman of project level GRC. The meeting of HQ GRC shall be convened within 7-10 days of receiving the reference from project GRC or complainant directly and pronounce its decision within next 15 days. The flow chart showing Grievance Redressal Mechanism is presented in Figure 10.1. Environment and Social Policy & Procedures Page 88 Figure 10.1: Flow Chart Showing Grievance Redressal Mechanism Complainant/Appellant On the spot/minor Not Addressed Grievance resolution Project /site office Grievance Redressal Committee Grievance Addressed Grievance resolution HQ GRC DC/DM Court of Law Complainant/Appellant can approach only the Court of Law directly during ongoing Grievance Redressal process. 105 The above referred GRCs are meant to act as supplement/ complement and in no way substitute the legal systems, especially embedded within RFCTLARR Act 2013, The Electricity Act, 2003, and Right to Information Act. Environment and Social Policy & Procedures Page 89 11. Monitoring & Evaluation 106 Continuous monitoring of all its activities including environment and social aspects and its mitigation measures would be the key to the success of PEDM project completion. ESMC shall regularly monitor E & S issues with project activities and report to the Chief Engineer (Transmission). Regular monitoring of activities shall also be carried out by site office and shall be reviewed by Circle Office on monthly basis. Engg.-in-Charge shall review ongoing project activities on quarterly basis, which will include environment, and social issues and suggest corrective measures if required for implementation at site. 107 For environmental and social components of a project, environmental and social monitoring plan is developed, based on baseline data and impacts predicted during the environmental and social assessment process. The concerned forest department staffs, as part of their duties monitor impacts on ecological resources through which the transmission line traverses. PEDM in association with forest/revenue official shall monitor timely implementation of various activities such as compensatory afforestation, RoW maintenance, prevention of fire hazards, natural regeneration of vegetation etc. The environmental and social monitoring plan for each project will be integrated with project cycle for monitoring by the ESMC on monthly basis. The higher management shall be appraised through MIS on monthly/quarterly basis. 108 Since regular and effective monitoring of implementation of EAMP/CPTD for Transmission/Distribution Line and SIMP for substations are crucial for desired result, PEDM shall designate one Officer each for Environment and Social related aspects who will be made responsible for all the activities related to implementation/monitoring of the EAMP and CPTD. Further, for effective monitoring/implementation of mitigation measures, help of District Magistrate (DM) / Deputy Commissioner (DC) and other officials of local administration is solicited wherever required. Participation of PAPs in the monitoring of EAMP/CPTD/SIMP is also ensured through regular consultation and their active participation. Major monitoring indicator identified along with frequency of measurement and responsibility at different stage of project for effective monitoring is presented below in Table -11.1. Environment and Social Policy & Procedures Page 90 Table 11.1: Monitoring Framework Sl. Project No Monitoring Indicator Frequency Responsibility Activity/ Stage . 1 Pre- Tower Location and Line Once - at time of PEDM Construction alignment w.r.t. Distances from; detailed siting and  Set back from nearest alignment survey and dwellings or social institutions design  Water bodies  Agricultural land  Ecological protected area  Reserved forests  Flood Zone Exclusion of PCB in transformer Once – As part of PEDM tender specification Exclusion of CFC in electrical Once – As part of PEDM or other equipment tender specification EMF strength Once – part of detailed PEDM alignment survey Noise level from Once – built in design PEDM Substation criteria and specified in tender Sewage disposal system Once – in tender PEDM specification Oil spill containment provision Once – Built in product PEDM & spill cleanup specification 2. Planning/ Government Clearances Once for each PEDM Approval subproject /Construction Fire prevention and fire Once – in tender PEDM protection equipment monitoring specification Crop/tree disturbance during Periodically when PEDM construction required Noise during construction Once – during PEDM assigned construction machinery contractor specification or SOS Availability of land for Periodic monitoring as GoM and PEDM Substation (New) per provisions  Method of acquisition RFCTLARRA, 2013  SIA start/ disclosure date  Expert group recommendation  No. of PAPs  Date of Award Environment and Social Policy & Procedures Page 91 Sl. Project No Monitoring Indicator Frequency Responsibility Activity/ Stage .  Compensation  R&R  Payment of Compensation  Implementation of R&R plan (SIMP) Compensation for temporary Once a month/quarter – PEDM loss of, trees/ crops. Monitoring Based on consultation of CPTD with PAP  Number of APs  Date of issuance of Notice  Determination of compensation  Compensation Amount  Compensation paid Air borne dust emissions during Every two weeks PEDM assigned construction contractor Vegetation marking and Every two weeks – PEDM assigned clearance strictly limited to target contractor vegetation Trimming and cutting of trees in Once per site – PEDM assigned ROW Identification of contractor presence of target species with height following vegetation clearance plan Disposal of cleared vegetation Once per site – as PEDM assigned approved by statutory contractor authorities Health & safety of workers Once in quarter PEDM assigned contractor Disposal of excavated soil Every 2 weeks PEDM assigned contractor 3 Operation and Effectiveness of Training Once a year PEDM Maintenance programs and plan Implementation of SIMP (other Periodic monitoring as PEDM (being a development works, per provisions member of State infrastructure facilities etc.) RFCTLARRA, 2013 R&R within 15-18 months of committee) possession of land. Implementation of CPTD Periodically when PEDM required Environment and Social Policy & Procedures Page 92 Sl. Project No Monitoring Indicator Frequency Responsibility Activity/ Stage . Compliance with transmission Once in quarter PEDM tower setback conditions Maintenance of ground Once PEDM clearance to comply with limits of EMF Noise levels at boundary nearest Once a year PEDM to substations Environment and Social Policy & Procedures Page 93 12. Budget 109 Adequate financial provision is required to meet the management measures to be undertaken to mitigate the impacts as underlined in ESPP. Based on past experience of implementation of similar projects, PEDM estimates about 5-10 % overall project towards such measures for which necessary budget provisions shall be made during planning stage itself. Environment and Social Policy & Procedures Page 94