RESTRICTED Report No. TO-439b This report was prepared for use within the Bank and its affiliated organizations. They do not accept responsibility for its accuracy or compieteness. The report may not be published nor may it be quoted as representing their views. INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LNTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION APPRAISAL OF THE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES' COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AT LOS BANOS October 2, 1964 FILErtment of Technical OpYrations Department of Technical Operations C:URRENCY EQUIVALENT U . S. $1 = Pesos 3. 90 Apraisal of t'e 7evelonm.ent Croor2 of the Univers4 t, of tne Phlip' inesp Col'ege of Agrioulture at Los 3anos. REPUBLIC OF T11E PHILIPPTE=S r~ E;r r' 1 77sC~ ?aSe "o. 5- r -iAF Y ALYiD C IC LU. S I CO*S I. J7I:RC:UCTTG 7I. THE AGRICULTURAL TAG CT'GRCTTD 2 III. THE :TUCATTCIl SYSTE:14 TV. T'.n. 7F?RCJ OCT 9 V. 7CC'.iOlC J-STITCJ TIC7T C VwU . 57COTLTUS IC1T'S AT7E -ECCOI,7=ATIONS 16 APPEUDICES: AnDendix I - Current Institutional Refoms in Philippine Agriculture. ApDpendx II - i-an-oower Cutlook. Anoe . dixr III - U.st of Colleges and Schools in the TUniversityr of the Philininnes. -Aoendix rJ - EstirLated Cost of N,jew Buildings, Renorations, Equipment, and other Tters Included in the ?ro4ect. AooendLx V - Einance Appendix VI T Crganization and ?ronosed Duties of the Technical and Administrative IJnit. APPTAISAL OF 'TH D:V7L0PP3MNT PRCGFHA OF TiE ThrrT'fiSITYr C0FT ?IFHTII?P-7TTEJ COLlu=C-2 CIv_ G_C TLT G E SlU-. Tr-- CciiKcLUS:CKE (i) In January 1963 the Philippirne Goverrnent requested an IDA credit to help finance the buildings and equipment required for tne Five-Year Develorment Proera- of the Tniversity of the Phlippines' College of Agri- culture at Tos Banos. The Gove=nnent later agreed to proceed on the basis c-'a anf- loan, and an acnraisal mnission visited the country in- JulV and A,uFust 1963. Further discussions were held in I.anila in February 196L. (-'i) :7rove-ent and scme ex,.ansion 3f the tcaching and research activities of the College and an increased outout of well-trained graduates are essential for the further development of agriculture in the Philicoines. In oarticul ar, they-- will give m,:uch-needed support to the Goverenrtlts acricultural ser,ices. The unsatisfactory condition of these services and oroducticn supports, especially with respect to their organization, has long been a source of concern to the Bank. The Government has now taken the initiative and begun to introduce far-reaching changes in tuhe organization of these services, particularly in conjunction with the implementation of the land reform program which the Philipoine Congress approved in 1963. It is still too early to judge whether the measures now, being taken or considered vwill eventually produce a satisfactory organization of agricultural services. I'owever, they are steps in the right direction and are in mafked contrast to the inaction that long prevailed in this field. (iii) The TJnivers-ity of the Philiopines' College of Agriculture at Los Banos was founded in 1909. It is the oldest and best of the country's 18 agricultural colleges. The College has a we'll-established reputation not only in the Philipoines but also in several neighboring countries which have sen't to it many of their agricultural students. In recent years the Ford and Rockefeller Foundations have singled out the College as an inst-tution of special importance and oromise. Together, they have pledged $6 million in grants to finance important non-construction elements of the Program. (iv) The main objective of the College Program is to imnrove the quality of agricultural education and research. Some expansion in enrollment is also nlanned. These objectives will require a doubling of staff, the uDgrading of staff qualifications, an improvement in the tenms and conditions of employment (particularly for senior staff), a strengthening of the curriculum, stronger support for agricultural research, and a major construction ard equipment program. The proposed Bank loan would finance approxixately 5C% of a construction and equinment prograr, that will cost about $12 million equivalent and take five years to complete. (v) The project azpears justified and feasible. It presents a suitable basis for a Bank loan of $6.0 million car7ring a 30-year term, including a 10- year grace period. The loan would be made to the Republic of the Philippines. which would pass to the University of the Philiopines the proceeds of the loan as a grant. The Government would further undertake to provide the Tihiversitv of the Philipcines with whatever additional funds are necessar, to finance the oroject, also cn a grant basis. A,ppsraisal of the Develorment Progeram of the College of Agriculture at LOs 3ancs * __ _ _ TWCvTAO 1. In January 1963 the Government of the Philippines approached IDA for a credit to help finance the Five-Year Development Prcogram of the Uni- versit,v of the Philirpnines, College of Agriculture (UT.P.C.A.). The Government Twas infornmed that the Philinp i'nes ->as not eli.;ible for an _-A credit sirce the country -.as economically stron, enough to borro-'W fronr. th1e Bank;. Th1 3ank -would, however, consiaer easing the f nancial burden of serv4cicng .^e debt by making a loan for a terr nomewhat lcnger than had been custonary and arranr.ing for renayment toc begin only- after substantial oenefits begin to accrue from, the nrogrom. The Gcvernment agreed to p,-oceed on this bas'S. 2. The Colleget s Five-'Year Develcoment Program .,as appraised b-y a Bank mission which 'cisited the Phslipoines in July/Aui7ust, 1963. In February 196-4, another Bank N.ission conducted further discussionz in -Ianila to clarify some asnects of the Program. 3. The acadenic and physical development needs of the College have been studied by the Ford and Rockefeller Foundations and Cornell University. Tn 1962 a tear, of experts from these three institutions published a report that has been relied on hieavily bT,y College authorities in dra7rng up the Develomnent ?rogravn. F'Ford and Rockefeller Foundationrs viewr e the College as a Droimsiing center of higher agricultural education and researcn in Southeast Asia and have made major commitments. They have already helped to establish on College property the International Rice Research Institute. This Institute is rapidly becoming the most important center of rice research in Asia. There are several advantages of proximity for both the College and the Tnstitute, e.g., many of the 'o - 60 foreign trainees brought to the institute are expected to register at the College for graduate studies. Similarly Cornell University (whose relations with the College go back to 1952) 'has entered into a close working relationship with the College,designed to benefit both irnstitutions. The United Nations Special Furd recently chose the College as the place to establish a Dairy Training and Research Institute to serve not only the Philippines but Southeast Asia as well. The Phlilippine Goverr- ment has also singled out the College as a key center for assisting the government in its agricultural programs. 'lJithin the past five -ears, for example, the Government has established at the College a Comn'nity Development Training Center and an Agricultural Credit and Cooperatives Institute. These examples reflect the cast achievements of the College and the confidence in -ts future held by ot'her irmcrtant organizations interested in agriculture in the Philippines and Southeast Asia. 4. This report is based on the findings and recommendations of the Ford and Rockefeller Foundations and Cornell University; on subrmissions from the Upiversity and the College; and on the investigations of the Bank missions. - 2 - II. AC-'BICL7TLJRA.L IAC7GRO 5 The U.P.C.A. ?rogran is closely linked with the develocment needs of agriculture in the Philippines w1hich has fallen far short of fully realizing its potertial. It is designed to make possible an enlarged and more effective development effort for agriculture by supplying graduates with higher qualifications and in larger numbers, and by expanding and improving agricultural research. These are both areas in which serious deficiencies exist to the detriment of the level and rate of growth of outoPut. 6. Snereas exoort agriculture, poauc½ing coconut products, sugar, abaca and timber, has on t4he whole been performing satisfactorily, domestic crops, principally rice and corn, have suffered frcm generally poor yields which are amcng the lowest in the Far mast. As a result, per capita income in .he rural areas, in which acout t-wo-thirds of the rnonulation live, is equivalent to only one half the national average ard one cuarter of Per canita incom.e in the urban centers. 7. Poor agricultural yields in the Philippines are caused by a r'ult- olicity of factors, including insufficient irri-ation and other facilit-es of infrastructure as well as the disincentive effects inherent in share tenancy under which about one fourth of the farm area under cultivation is farned. However, the most striking deficiency was in the quality of the Goverrn.ent's agricultural services. Extension services failed to bring to the fam=ers information about imoroved techniques and better farming practices to the extent necessary to encourage greater productivity. Production supports such as fertilizers, improved planting m.aterials and credit were not available in suiffcient quantities and when needed. Research has been unable to give strong impetus to the diversification of present croooing patterns, better plant and animal disease control, improvement irn irrigation and drainage, effective erosion control and better means of forestry exploitation and protection. 8. Shortage of personnel with high professional qualifications was one important cause of the inability of the Gocvernment' s agricultural services to lend effective su! oort to the development of agriculture, and it set limits to the possibilities of exoansion well below the desirable level. How,ever, even existing talent was utilized much below caoac.tlr because these serices were not organized effectively. The Department of Agriculture and Tatural Pescurces (D.A..R.), which had major responsibl ity in this field and had some 16 bureaux and cornorations under its Jurisdiction with a staff of over S,cco, was rendered largely ineffective by frag,mentation, division of functions, and duplication of effort. The number of agencies concerned with extension w\zork e.xpanded rapidly, but all their efforts were badly coordinated. 9. in view of the imnortance of agriculture in the Philipoine economy -- it accounts for one-third of national oroduct and two-thirds of exoort earnings -- and of the large potential for further agricultural development, the Bank had been concerned for some t-.e acout the unsatisfactory condition of the Govervnent's agricultural services. Thus, when asked to help finance the U.P.C.A. Program, the Bank -wTas already aware that w-ithout a major reorganization of gfovermnent services agriculture could not be expected to benefilt to the full extent possible from the better training and increased number of graduates as well as the research work which the Progra2.m is designed to produce. Tt was therefore intended that appraisal of the U.P.C.A. Progr,am would include, as an integral part, a review of agri- cultural senrices, directed towards recomniendations on a feasible approach to their improvemer.t. 19. nowever, by the ti.,e the .Apnraisal .'.ission arrived in the Philin ines, t'se Gover-mment h.ad already begun on its o.'n in itiative to embark on a major refons of agriculture. Tn August 1965, legislation was enacted comnitting t'he Government to a far-reach-ing "and reforn nrogram. Cncurrently, trie Goverrm,ent indertook a review and began a reorganization of all aericultural servTices w:w t. oarticular ern.phasis on the needs arising out of land refcr., In ad ition, the Government established a high level RFice and Corn Auuthority, to for,ulate and administer a long range food nroduction pro'rar. and establish a national land-use oolicy to serve the objectives of the program. 11. The changes which preparation for land reform and establishment of the Rice and Corn Authority have brought to the organization of agricultural services are described in Aopendix I. In effect, they anount to the reorganization of some '-ey agenc Les and, above all , to providing in the National Land Reform Council and the Rlce and Corn Authority tw-o institutions arr-ed with all necessary power to utilize and coordinate the activities of all Government agencies whose services are required in the execution of their functions. 12. Too little time has passed since enactment of these measures to be able to judge by their results whether they can be relied upon to provide the effective, well coordinated agricultural services which the Philinnines need. The first, small land reforin distri'ct has only recently been declared. The Rice and Corn Authority has concentrated on an emergency rice productior. orogram throughout the principal irrigation areas of the country. At the same time, a review of the need for further reorganization is continuing. Thus it is clearly orenature now to attempt to assess the adequacy of the emerging new organization of agricultural services. Howiever, the Aopraisal 1,1ission was satisfied that the organizational structure as now envisaged TTould meet the needs. This judgment has recently been confirned by the Bank's Resident ".issior in the Thili-nines. The Appraisal Hission was also in.pressed byr the earrnestness and vigor with which the p,roblems Tere attac'.ced by the Government and which -were in marked contrast to the lcn-z ceriod cf inaction. The Bank'ts 'Resident ,'ission in the Philippines is collaborating closely with Philinnine aut'norities irn working tow,ards a final solution. 13. Desnite the nrcrislng beainnings that have been made it -w-ould be unrealistic to disregard the possibility of failure of the present efforts. In particular, it must be recognized that much of the reorganization is tied to land reform. It will only be as effective as execution of thie land reform pro- gram. wnhich in view, of its substartial demands on the human and financial re- sources of the country may nrcceot more slowl,than . the Gover-nent ncw' Dlans. It would therefore be anpronriate to obtain assurances from the Govern- ment that it will continue reorganization of its agricultural services wMith the aim of increasing their effectiveness. - 4_ General Education 14. Since TTorld TJer IT the coiuntry has made irnressive gains in school and college enrolments. Quantitatively, there are feTw countries of cormarable ircome levels that have as high a proportion of their children in schools and universities, or which devote as high a proportion of their natioral budgets and incomes to education strength of the Filicino's desire for education is reflected in the fact that 7ore than tw;o-thirdsC of all secondary and university students ettend Drivate institutions, most of which are run for profit. However, es the system has expanded, quality has fallen behird so that today the general stand^rd of educatior, at all levels, leaves m-uch to be desired. 15. The table belcTw! sur.marizes the nresent size and structu=re of the education systerm: Enrolmert at Primary, Secondar-, and Un-iersitv Levels (1962) Enrolrent 1.T1,mber of Public 1/ % in Private % of Total 7.ducation Ye2rs & Private- Institutions Enrolment 1. Primary 6 L,LCO,QCo 5 80 2. Secondary 4 760,000 65 14 3. TJnversity 4 318,C00 87 6 14 5h478,000 18 100 The 4.4 million children in the six primary grades represent the achievement of nearly universal free primaryf education. The proportion in secondary schools is low by 7western stand2rds but not for courtries at similar income levels. The number in colleges is very high, being over 40% of the number in secondary schools. The 6-4-4 structure of the system reans, of course, that students enter universitv at an earlier age, and with less preparation, than in most other countries. This fact necessarily affects the standard of university work. 16. Educetion is much the largest single item in the national budget, accountirg in FY 1963 for about 27% of the total. A.ppropriations for educa- tion have increased rapidlv in recent years, rising from P236 rillion in 1959 to Pv±"9 million in FY 1963. 3v FY 1968 approrriations are expected to rise another P337 million, giving education about 29% of the anticipated 1/ Includes all schools, gerneral and vocational, recognized by the Depart- ment of Education. - 5 - budgot. inrety per cer.n of the ntio2nai funds for education are spent on primary and secondary schools (the f3rner are supnorted entirely by national funds: most government secondary schools are financed by provin- cial funds, but an increasing number are being designated "national't secondar-, schools and are being transferred to the netional budget). Pri- mary and secondary schools come under the authority of the le-partment of -ducation, *which spends 96% of the national appropriation for educetion. The reneining L% 's divided a-onor the countrrys 12 indecendent ch^rtered universities (2% to the UJniversitr of the 'hiliines, 20 to the 11 other universities). gric-uitural 7ducti on 17. A,ricultural education is conducted in o3 agricultural secondary schools, 5 chartered public agricultural colleges, 9 unchartered agricultural colleges run by the bepartnent of Education, and 4 private agricultural col- leges. The agricultural secondary schools are not so much technical insti- tutions as rural hi:h schools vith considerable agricultural material in their curriculum. In 1962 there were about 20,CCO studerts enrolled ir- the 53 secondary schools 2nd 8,235 in the 18 agricultural colleges. (See Appendix II, Table l, fcr a list of -agricultural colleges and their enrol- rents.) College enrolmrents are not distributed evenl'y over the system; of the 70% attending the 5 chartered publ-c cclleges, about 25% ere at the rU.T. . . 18. In recent years the network of agricultural high schools and colleges has exoanded rapidly ard without careful design. Knowledgeable observers are nowT worried that the system is becoming larger than the country needs or can support at reasonable standards. The policy of the Department of Elducation is to consolidate and upgrade the existing agricul- tural schools and colleges rather tnan to establish new ones. However, political pressures may again make it difficult to hold to this policy. TlThenever a high school is designated a national high school, or is converted into a college b-y authoriz-ng the addition of extra years to the curriculum, th,e instituto-n is transfer-ed from the provTincial to the national budget, a measure that has obvious apneal to local nolitical renresentatives. 19. All of the countryts agricultural colleges except the J.P.C.A. have been established since 1946. Ihese other institutions have already become quantitatively more im=ortant than the college in supplying agricul- tural graduates at the bachelor's le-vel. However, the standerd of insiruc- ticn in these colleaes is extremrely low-! and research is almost non-existent. The comp2rativel7 high standards of the U.P.C.A. have wT,on it recognit-on as a leadinL gr`ic ltural college, not only in the Philippines but in other countries of Southeast Asia, from which mar-y students have cone. The .`niarersit-T of the ~`hiliaolnes (U.P.) a.nd its College of -:icu1ture (f.?.C.A.) 20. The U.P. is the oldest and largest of 19 state institutions of higher learning. 7stablished in 1908, t'e U.P. now has a staff of over 1,300 with 15a,CC studenrts in smr-e 15 colleges and a nurber of Institutes, Scnools and Centers (see _Anendix II). Its activities are conducted at 5 different loca- tions. The main site is ct Diliman, 10 miles north of ',arila where a Soacious carmus has been develoced since 1943. 21. The US. is an independent institution operated urder its own chnarer and governed bnr a -oard of RPe-ent.s consisting of 5 ex-o-ficio rembers and 7 mrerbers appointed by the PresiJent of th-e Republic iith the consent of the CosMission on rapoint-ments of Congress. The Regents elect the President and approve all basic university policies, administrative rules and regulaztions, faculty eppointments and promotions and the Urnivars4ty budget. Annual appro- priations from the national budget provide about half the University's re- venues. The other half cones rainlv from student fees and certain revenue- producing assets. All accounts of the U.P. are subject to auditing by the Auditor General. 22. The U.P. is one of 7 universities in developing countries that have been singied out by the ?.ocksfeller Foundation for special assistaance in tne nexct few years. It has good control of its administration and budget, and has develoned a tradition of indencendence frcr national colitical influence. The or goal of the University for the next several years w11 be the progressive development of graduate studies and research to build up the nation's supply of professional marpowaer. The Developmrent Program of the College, which the pro- posed Bank loan wrill help finance, is part of this objective of the U.P. The ColleL7e of .Agriculture 23. The U.P.C.A. was founded in 1909 in Los B:nos, some 40 miles south of Ilarila. It is the second oldest college in the University. At present it has 2,050 students and a faculty of 400 members; three-quarters of the latter are engaged on instruction ard one-cuarter on research and adirLnistration. The carmus and colleme land conti2Tous to it contain 825 hectares. The Collese has another 3,500 hectares in land reservptions at other locations (several Phililoine state colla,es and universities have land reserv7tions, which are intended to support revenue-.,Tieldinq activities). 24. Although not nart of t,^he U.P.C.., several other related irstitu- tions have their buildings on Colle-e land in the townm; the U.P.'s College of Forestry, the U.r.'s Forest Products Riesearch 7nstitute, the CormLnity Develop- ment ALdrministraXtion Training Center, the `.gricultural Cooperative and Credit Institute and the International Rice Research Institute. An International - 7 - I Dairyr Training and Research nstttute is being established on the carmus. The existence of these n7ricultural irprcvement institutions on College land at 'Ls FanoE emohasizes the imncrtance of Los Banos as a center of agricul- tural education and research. 2:. Although certain aspects of the Collegets academic standards, its overall budget, its salar- schedules and business crocedures are governed by TUnivers-ity-wide regIlalions, the B'ean c` the C:llege and his faculty enjoy con.saucrable autonory in, the operation of the College's instructional and research crograms. College of'ficials may comclain about certain of the cnr- Wrols aexercised from Jl'irmra (particularly albout unnecessarily tig,'ht finan- cial co-ntrols) but these sources of friction seem minor. Lhe administrativa and cersonal relation=hips between the University ard the College are generally good. 26. The Collere offers the following underzraduate and graduate degrees: Jnderzraduate rerrses (after a miniruI of 4o years) B2-chelor of Science i.n kricuure (B.S.A.) 3achelor of Science in Suga-r Techrolozy (B.S.S.T.) Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Engineering (B.S.A.E.) Bachelor of Scierce ir Homne Technology (B.S.-H.T.) Graduate Derrees P'aster of Science (with soecialization in one technical department) Ylaster of Science in Cormmunity Development (MI.5.C.D.) M12ster of 'gricultural Education (NM.Ag.Ed.) Ph.D. (the first such degree was a:arded to a Pakistani in 1963) The College also awavrds a special Teechers Graduate Certificate of Agricul- tural Education (T.C.A.E.) and a special pcst-graduate 10-month course for peonle intending to take u33 work as F2rm and Home Development speclalists (Opeciallv trained rural credit adnvsors ana extenslon ,-,orkers). 27. The academic courses are offered by the 1b departi,ents into wThic4.h the faculty and curriculum are divided as follows: A gricultural 3otany Ari cultural CThe- str-y Agricultural Economics I-gricultural Education Agricultur2l Engineering (including the di r sions of TIathenatics, Physics and Statistics) Agricultural Information and Communications Aeronom.y Animal Husbandry Home Technology Languages ntoamolomY Plant Pathology Soil s Physical and M;Iilit2ry Education nhe -eneral organizatior of the curriculura is re,sonable, although there is roor for i-rm-ovements as the Dean and senior faculty rembers Sre fully aware. 28. Adrission to the College ls non-selective, which ils the general cractilce in all Phili:onine colleges. The only add.nssion recuirements are a diploma from a recognized four-year secondary school plus a satisfactory physical examination upon arrival at the College. The College maintains an active recruitment program, but it never knows how many incoming students it will have until the-y arrive on rezistration day. As a result of this system, much of the selection process occurs durirng the first and seccnd years of undergraduate w-Tork. AL1 students are recuL-rd to take some tests i7rediately after recistration; these uncover deficiencies (usually in mathema-e.7tics and English) and determine assignments to remedial courses. Until such courses are passed, students are not admitted to second-year status. 7.urther selection is achieved by a heavy offering of professional co-urses during the first two years. 29. The nmuTber of first-year students has increased in each of the last five years. This suggests that the recent development of many new agricultural colleges in the country is not seriously interfering with the supply of secondary craduates who wish to attend UJ.P.C.A. The 1962/63 first--ear studenats still came from all parts cf the country 0oci ally, the student body can be described as middle and lower-middle class in origin, -ith many corin$ fro. rural backgrounds. Eetween 10-15% us-ually are worien. 30. The composlt on of staff of U.P.C.A. is at nresert unbalanced, with many youn7 anm underqualified ind-viduals. It has also suffered in recent ypers from serious losses of a number of hiaghly-qualified serior staff. Two-thirds of the staff have only a bachelorls degree; a cuarter hold a master's degree; onlv 10% have doctorates. Faculty turnoer has averaged 10% per annum over the pest five years. The development of en- larged and more effective programs of graduate study and research would be irpossible without a major effort to ucgrade and retain the more promisirng faculty members. -9- -7. THT- PRCJ7CITI 31. The project which -he Bar-s has been asked to help finance is the construction and equipmrent sector of the College's Five-Year Development Program. This Program has been conceived as a means of strengthening the College's role as the country's leading source of high-quality professional personrel for agricultural services, for research scientists in public and pri,rate ennloynent, and for agricultural higher ed-cation. This objectivze recures a coordinated prcgrami of several parts. 32. The Program- has seven main sectors: (a) Emnansion of the student body f-rocm the present total of apprcximately 2,000 to 2,500 of wl:om 2,CCO would be under- graduate and 5cC graduate. (b) Upgrading of the academrc qualifications of the teaching staff, through a carefully planned program of overseas study for doctoral degrees. (c) Improvement of faculty salaries and amenities, particularly at the serior grades, so as to atTract and hold highly qualified people in acaderoc 1ife. (d) Strengthening of the program of undergraduate ard gracuate instruction, especially in certain rrofessional f_elds now recognized as weak. It is proposed to develop textbooks, course syllabi, and other teaching materials specifically adapted to the needs of the country and the region. (e) Expansion of the research program, with particular emphasis cn annlied research related to the production of foodstaffs. This orientation means concentrating on corn (7aize), livestock, and poultry. Research on rice, the country's largest crop, w,rill be left mainly to the nearby International Rice Research institute. (f) Construction of phys2cal facilities and th>e procurement of equipment recessar-y to carry out the Propram at the desired scale and standards. 33. The Program is soundly corceived. It has been prepared -ith the help and advice of men from Cornell n TiyerSity experienced In university adrinistration and acricultural education who are also knowiledgeable abcut the country and Southeast Asia. It is a comprehensive program which should be considered in its entirety, of which the construction and equipment form an intecral part. The University's program provides for 100% salary- increases between 1963 and 1963; the first 33,X of this became effective irn July 1963. A seccnd Increase Is d:e -'c lcee into eˇ~sc- u s -. he Program has been assured of financial support from the rord and 'Rockefeller Foundatlons for advanced graduate work abroad by staff m,embers and for the - 10 - suPn7,r to the College cf several Correll ,`ni-versity faculty members. Tne other sectors of the Progrwa (items a, c, d and e) -,ill be financed by Government contribution. During negotiations assurances should be obtained from Governenent that the ocerating budget of U.P.C.A. will be adequately increased to meet these requirements. A. The Project 3L. The Colleg&els 7h7rsical f_cilities wrere severely damaged at the end o-$ <'orld W,ar IT. 7hev iwere rebuilt to minimia-r post-,war standards and are today inadequate for t,,lhe orcoosed improvement and excansion of teaching, research and extensiorn training. Classrocms are crowded, ooor1y lighted and ventilated, and lack; basic teaching aids. Teaching and research laboratories are deficient In soace, ecuipment and services. Student housing is ocor and scarce. Thre absence of adecuate heusing facilities is adversely affecting the attraction and retention of qualified College staff. Public roads traverse the carmnus. Service fci'cties (the telephone, water, power and light and sewerage systems) are old, inadecuate and, in the case of sewage disposal, unsafe. 35. The Colleze's construction and ecuipment program consists of new buildings, the renovation of some existing ones and, in some cases, the addition of annexes 'Annendix TV). 'ine of the ne7 buildings are for teach- ing and research purposes; and five are for admtninistrative or general services purcoses including student housing,, audit-orium and infirnary. "o included are new houses for the faculty staff. In each new building, renovated buildings and in some of the existing buildings new equipment will be brought in; equionent represents about 187,< of the total cost of the p-roject, which also includes the necessary site utilities. 36. When the project was first submitted to the Bank, it was somewhat larger than it now is. A fewr new buildings, renovated buildfngs and somre equiprent had to be omitted in order to fit the project within the financial limits set b,yr legislation enacted for this pcroject (RA 3854). However, the crolect as it now stands w,ill substantially correct present deficiencies and will adequately supcort the academic objectives of the Ui.?.C.A. program.. The orojected space and utilization standards for classrooms and laborato-es are acceptable. The proposed academic facilities as most recently revised are adequately suited to the curriculum. The non-academic facilities now mieet reasonable standards of what is required to sustain a productive university coninunity uncer Phillcpine conditions. Construction is phased cver five -ears and first oriority is ilven to the most urgently needed buildings, i.e., starting with the Physical Science and Biological Science buildings in the first year, followed by students' facilities and the administration building in the second and third. The remaining academic buildings will be built in the latter Dart of the constructi on program. - 11 - 37. 14aintenance of University buildings, equinrment ard services is at present inadequate. University adG.inistratcrs are aware of this problem and as a result of recent discussion witil the Bank mission in -Lani'a, attention is now to be g.iven to this important oroblerr. For the next f'ive flsca1 years the Collegels financial plans include additional operatIng ewnenditures which shculd be suff4ic_ent to ensure adequate ,aintenance of t'.e buildinEzs and reolacenent of equipment (Tee Aperndix -7, Table L). 'ssura.nces shnculd be obtained frcn Government and the U.?. that adecuate financial orovision will be made in the future. B. Design, Construction and Procurement 33.w r. r,.aster plan of the cTnUS was trenared by a Manila architect under an agreement with, and financed by, the Word Foundation. It -.ras modified to im-prove the relationship of academic buildings and to effect corollary savings in utility and road costs. An adequate description of the type, _ ze, and use of each space and a list of the necessary ecuinment have been prepared by the College, wihich indicate that the standards of construction will be sirmle and ecororic. Detailed plans and soecifications can onl-y be nre>ared zter fte U.?.C.A. and the 3ank have agreed on schematic plans, outline specifLcations and the cost estimate for eacr buildinrg, major utiLity and read item. 39. In this project, as in all major works carried out by U.?., .erivate archnitects and enginee-s are cormmissioned by the President of the University to prepare designs and construction documents. Plans are approved by the Universit,y Co0m.ittee on Development Construction and fomxarded to the Committee on Bids, which solicits bids from ore-cualified contractors. Reconr.endaticns for awTard of contracts are made by the Committee on Awards. The 3oard of Regents authorizes the President to enter into contracts after approval by the Government's General Auditing Office.- Standard constructicn contracts are acceptable provided an arbitration clause is added. 4C. The Colleg,-e staff (as disti'ruished from t'he University staff at Diliman) does not have adecuate exo-erience to administer a complex majcr corstruction nrogram.. Therefore, the Universit7r -ill have to establish a special administrative and technical unit at the Collece during the construction neriod. The unit should consist of three sections: (a) architecture/en½ neerl.:, (b) procurement, and (c) accounting, reportine, and audit. it should be headed by a project rmanager i.'}ho should be respocnsible to the Dean of the College and, at the same time, should be the head of the archiitecture/engineerin , section. In addition executi-Ve architects should be apnointed for the major buildings. (See Appendix VI). - 12 - L!1. As a result cf recent speci-fc legislatior the U.?. is exerpt f rcm imoort duties for all articles, material or supplIes imported for use in the Program; contracts for civil wcrks and orocurement of equipment will be awarded on the basis of' international competitive bidding, without any7 restrictions or preferences. C. Summar,y of Project Costs 12. The initial anolication _ross7lr underestinated tre total cost of the construction and equipment program., and was referred to U.-P.C.A. ffor a more accurate estimation. In the course of the revision of costs, the Bank questioned the unit cost of buildings and the ratios of the net to the gross area for each building as they ,ere established by the College's architect. TIhey have nowf been reviewed by the Bank and the College and modified by mutual agreement where necessary. he College has confin=med that the net areas 'nave been revised without detryiment to their nrogram. The unit costs of buildings used in the final estimnates anpear adequate and based on costs of similar buildings recently constructed. 4;3. As finally revised, cost estimates are considered realistic. They bring the total cost to about 212 million. Identifiable foreign exchange outla,s directly related to the project are cnlyI a small portIcn of total cost. Indirect foreizn excnange outlays associated with the project are believed to be considerable, but cannot be readily identified. It is orcposed that the Bank loan should cover 50 Der cent of the total cost. In order to facilitate administration of the loan,disbursements would be made on the basis of a percentage of the cost of agreed goods. bL. The estimated cost of each building includes allowances for unforeseen changes and minor alterations which may be encountered in the Lmplementation o-f the project. Provision has also been made in the total cost of constraction and equipment for a possible rise ln labor wages, local materials, and in the cost of imeorted materials and equipment. This is calculated on the basis of about 1 per cent of the estimated cost. 45. The total estimated cost consists of the following: (See table on following page.) --tiea_d Cost Renovations Categories ?Tew and Annexes Cotal Eq-aivalent (i (in million (in (in llion million nesos) million TJS dollars) pescs) pescs) T. Cnstrac`tion a - Acadae1ic 12.5 .4 12.9 3,22 b- ac ities for Studerts 7.7 - 7.7 1.?3 c - *nr.4nis4raticn 1.2 - 1.2 0.30 - Faculoy Housing 3s6 - 3.6 0.90- Sub-total 25.o c.4 25.4 6.35 I±. Site Utilities 4.C l.CO !. uirment 2.17 7-7. Architects & Engineering fees & Project Administration 2.5 0.63 ,. Contin7encies 6.1 1.53 TrT'-;L ? 46.7 Q :1.68 L6. TUnder Rk 385L Government has aporopriated P21 million for this oroject. it has also indicated its willingness to provide additional funds as needed to cover the cost of the oroject as given above. In any case, it will be necessary to obtain from the Goverrment assurances that it will crovide to the University on a grant basis for use by U.P.C.A. funds to cover the total cost of the nroject, including tJhe -roceeds of the Bank loan. - 114 - EJ mC C5xC' JT'Ivi^I> 47. U.?.C.A. has supplied the rPhilippines w,ith the miajority of its present agricultural technologists and officials holding impcrtant key posts; about 55"' of the College's graduates are e.moloyed by the Gcvernment's agri- cultural service agencies, another I6 are in agricultural education. 4S. The ob ective of the College's Develcprent Prcgrar is primarily to iMprove the cual-itv of a7ricultural eduzaticn and research. .However, some ex.ars on i-n enrclL^ent is also planned and by 1970 ,he Progra7- w 11ave 'ncreased the annual output of fcur-year graduates pfrcm a7^cut 260 in 1964 to around 350 and of^ cost-graduates from about 20 to 50 or 60. The co-utry -will neea these additional rnumbers cf U.P.C.A. graduates. The four-year graduates will7 concri "ute na_i_ t 7o the up-rading cf the uCvernmentls agricultural servi ces, which will continue to expand for the foreseeable future. Suzh ex-ansion is iorvano to the effective exploitation c' the -h21 lnpi.nes! potential for increasing the output cf agriculture. The post-graduate degree- holders -ill contribute orimarily to the ex-pansicn ard improvement of research, and to the imorovement of agricultural education. The economic justification thus rests on both qualitative and quantitative grounds. Alt.hough the Program is intended also to increase the role of the U.P.C.A. as a regional institution for Southeast Asia, it is mainly justified by its prospective contribution to Philippine agriculture. I4C. The major cualitative benefits of the Program are the follow,ng: (i) Improvement of the cuality of ad nistrative and professional leader- shiD in the Goverrment's agricultural services. (a) The quality of administrative and professional leadership in the Goverrment's agricultural services makes a critical difference to the effectiveness of those services. In the long run the exdstence of a first-class educational institution is the main instrument by which a country recruits and trains its scientific and professional leaders for any productive sector. No educational institution other than the U.P.C.A. will be capable of supplying the Goverrment service with significant numbers of the leadership personnel needed. Other institutions do not have the quality of faculty, the physical facilities, the research carabilities, nor the degree of Government support necessary to prcduce graduates comparable in quality to those from the U.P.C.A. This is already re- cognized now in the Philiprines and ;.il be even more as the Program ls implemented. (b) The value of having a country's agricultural services and research institutions led by high-quality staff takes the forn of higher rates of growth in agricultural output. Even small differences in the agricultural growth-rate prcduce large changes in economic values. The need for better quality services has already been stressed (Chapter II); the role of these services -will increase with the implementation - 15 - of the land Reforn -rogram, because Gcver=r-.ent services will nave to substitute for tne fcrmer landlords in giving technical advice and guidance to the farmers. (ii) -h'e imProvemrent of research< canabilities, both at the U.?.C. .A. and tarouFhout the s7ster. of nublic and oriVata research inst-Ui4u4ons. T-ere is every reascn tlo exnect that, as a result of the ro,gram, research at th;e J.P.C.A - Al1 be mcre nrcductive in the future than it has been in the -ast. This resu't is a reascnable excectat4on in li of t.e ccntr- ut'Tcn o-: .e r-r,ogram to reduction of Faculty turnover, the increased number of -arduate students and th.e imoroverent of buildings, eqarn and libraryr facilities. ,0. The quantitative justificatior of the Prorgran rests on the country! s need for additional hig7,h-quality agricultural manoower. A study of future needs for agricultural graduates entering Government serviee in 1970 sug-ests that overall sunolv and derand will be in a7urox;-mate balance. This assessm.ent is based on an estimated number of 19020 apricult:lral graduates n 10,70 an assumrtion t-hat about LCO of these v-'l en-er Or-vate ermslonrment (leaving about 1591 to enter Gover=ment erolcynent',, and an est-nated demand of about 1700 fronr the agricultural services, excluding agricultural education (see cppendix ITI). Both the supply and demand figures are subject to large uncertainties. The suonly figure assumes that the Govermment will be successful in resisting pressures for the indiscriminate exPansion of agricultural colleges. The demand figure assumes a relatively rapid continuing exnansion of the agricultural services (mainly to support the Tand Reform program). However, the rate of growth for these services has been assumed no hir.her than the Gover-nment's administrative and financial absorptive capacity. 51. 75 to 80 per cent of the 1970 graduates wll be supplied by institutions oth.er than th'e U.P.C.A., i.e., by institutions whose standards of instrnctior and research are far below thcse of the U.?.C.A. In vie-w7 of the Lnnortance of well-trained leadershin to the Goverrment's prcfessicnal cadre, and in view- of the U.?.C.A.'s almnost exclusive role in supplyting such personnel, a PrograT. thic'h will ne=n-t the U.P.C.A. to supply 20-25 per cent of th.e total reuirem.eent by 1970 seems necessary to provide a reasonable pronortion of higher-quality personnel. 52. In summary, the Program is considered of high value to the long-run improvement of ?hiliopine agriculture, provided the Governmrent!s agricultural services are effectively organized, research activities are well co-ordirnted, and the comolenentary inputs (e.g., fertilizers, seeds, vehicles, credit) are :orthcoming in adequate quantities. - 16 - V7I C cC,-1lT_ST Or- AYTD FCOTC, DATYDTIC-TS 53. The primary aim of the UJ.P.C.A. Five-Yfear Development Prcgram is to increase the effectiveness of the UT.P.C.A. as the Philippines' leading center of agricultural training and research. Its ultimate objective is to help realize more fully the agricultural potential of the Philippines, primarily through sunplyrinc better-trained personnel to the Govermment's agricultiural services and undertakir.g an nrprcoed and enlarged researcn effort. She oroject covers the construction and eou:pment sectcr of the Procram. t 's in l'n with, and necessary for the attairnent of, the broad objectives of the Frograml. UThe TJ..C.A. is a well-administered instituticn, led by a capable and dedicated Dean and his senior staff. Although further im.proveiment is necessary, there is no better place in the Philinnines where the tra-ning of high-cuality agricultural leaders and research scientists can be conducted. Without these leaders, sustained increases in agricultural nroductivity cannot be achieved. It is certain that the U.P.C.A. car only attain the needed level if the Program is carried out in its entirety. 55. The Progran is w,ell conceived. It is supported byl the Ford and mccKefeller Foundations and by Cornell University. Its implementatiocn wi-l not nolace an undue burden on the GovernnentTs resources. zcono.ic returms do not lend themselvres to nrec4se measurement, but a rough estimate indicates that the benefits offer returns which mal-e the project acce`table for Bank financing. 56. But substantial benefits can begin to accrae only if further reorganization of agricultural services, as now being planned, is imolemented. The reorganization already effected appears, at this early stage, to have provided much imnroved administration of some agencies that are directly connected Tith land reform. The current review of other agencies is indicative of the Governmentfs appreciation of the need for and its further intent of improving the effliciency and effectiveness of its agricultural services. 57. A reviewr of tJhe estimated supply and demand for agricultural graduates in the year 197C, after comnletion of the TT.P 1.0A P -rogram, showvrs that the market will be in aooroxamate balance. However, the Governmert should be strongly advised not to authorize vie establishment of any new agricultural colleges, public or private, before 1973 without first conducting a thorough study of the need for new facilities. 58. The oroposed oroject, involving a total estimated cost of about tel2 million equivalent (or PL7 millicn), provides a suitable basi-s for a Bank loan of $6.0 million equivalent which would cover roughly 50 per cent of the total cost of the project. Because the economic benefits of educational projects of this kind are realized only slow.ly and because the develonnent of the Philippine econom.y requires a large continuing capital inflcw from. abrcad, it would be suitable that the loan be for 30 years, including a grace oeriod which suitably could be 10 years. The loan should be made subject to the _ 7_ fo71G-:i<.r cc.dlti'on; ard assurances: (a) Government should undertake to pDrovide to the University for use by the 'J.P.C.A. funds to cover the total cost of the Project, including the proceeds of the Bank loan. (?ara.46) (b) The TUTniversilt- should establish a technical unit satis- factory to the Banl. to ensure adeauate tecnnical, firanc-al and administrative sunenision durinz tne constructicn cerin. (cd ara..O) (c' roverrent s=ouIld underta-e to orc 7ice to the University for use by the U..C.A. the :untds necessary for adequate maintenance of U. .G.A-. 'rcunds ard buildings. (2ara.37) (d) Government ar.d the Cniversity should give assurances that they Trill provide sufficient funds to the T.T.C.A. to operate on the basis of its Five-Year 3evelocment Program. (?ara.33) (e) Government should give assurances that the reorganization of its azricultural serrices will continue along satsriactory `.nes, sc t,hat these ser,vi.ces .i ful benefit from the U . .rogram. (?ara.13) Cctober 2, 1964 CU:-P ''T IY?ITTr:TTIC'TAL~Thz7 OTTD r L-T1 `7T7 A_G- CTLLT- 1, Tn order to assess the irract that the U.P.C.A. Program might have on the economy, it is necessary tc anprec-ate certain institutional develop- ments in the agr;cultural sector. The organization of agricultural services and nrcduction supnorts is nowf under review, as previous Bank missions have u-rged. 1i1aJor land refori legislation ias been enacted and a special cannaagn +'or `ood producticn is being launched. 2. :he Programm Implementation Atgency (- T .) has in recent mornths been actively reV4ie.ing the agricultural services in the Philininnes. The 3ureaux and A2-encies imzrediatel-7 affected by tihe Land 3efo=. Act and the R4ce and Corn Authority have been given top priority in the reviewf. 3. T:Land Beform - Attempts at land reform were made in the cast but programs were never imlemented. T'he Act signed on &aogust &, 1963, hc-wever, *as made satis9actory legal erovision for these services, although ofIficials recognize the difficulties of implementation. They look for4ard to whatever assistance the Pank' s Resident Advisory Technical Assistance Plission may be able to give them. 4. The new7 Land Reform Code (Republc Act 384) aims at establishing owner-cu`tivatorshio aned economic family-sized farrs as the basis of Philippine agriculture and at oroviding a more vigorous and systematic program of land resettlement and publiz land distribution. In pursuit of the first objective, it is intended to convert all share tenancy into a system of leasehold or freehold agriculture. This change will eventually affect an estimnated 1.2 million tenants who work about 26%, of the country's fain area (plantation agriculture is specifically exermpt from. the land reform program). As for the second airm, about 2.2 million hectares exist of land suitable for settlement which could be used to relieve increasing pressures on land in Luzon. 5. In accordance with the Land Reform Code a Snecial Committee on Reorganization of Agencies for Land Refore. was established. It has now comoleted the reorganization of the establishments and functions oc tne asenc es di rectly concer-ed -..ith lnd reforn ("the incorporated agencies"). These asrencies are described below. In addition, there remain unincorporated co-ooerating airencies ln land reform districts such as the 37ureau of Plant Industry, Soils, Animnal Indus uDry, Agricultural Economics, Com,-munity Develop- ment, and Irrigation. Their w8lork- 4 S to be integrated into that of the other agencies through the Comittee of Unincorporated A:encies. This o-rganization is designed to provide over-all co-ordination of all agricultural services for land refore districts. 6. Ihe six new.ly created agencies and their functions are as follows: (i) The Land Authority is authorized under the Land Before Code to initiate and orosecute exnrorration nroceednngs for the acquisition of private agricultural lands for the purpose of subdvision into economic family units and resale .Ki iD IX I Page 2 o: :nese far u,nitc to sreczaeu -ersons. Ir. reslpect to public cands it is requ`-ed to develo- plans and initiate actions for t;^e s ,steratic opening of alienable and disposable lands for speedg, distribut-on to ard deve'ooment by deserving and aualified ersoons or corporations for large scale agricul-ture. The authority is, howTever, not permitted to reh-ab1litate urivate land or to develor p,ublic lands other than by reclaim,ing swamps and marshes. It is intended, with regard o bcoth c_a-es of la-ds, t hat the dvelopment will be the resnons Loility of the purchaser. It is possbible at o.e financ-a- assastance will be extended for tis purocse by t.e Agricultural Credit A.dministration and other Government crodot agencies. (ii) The Land Bank is irtended to solve what is considered the major zrobleer of the Lnd Ref-orm rogram, i.e., financ'ng. This ;,1ll ir.cncudl the payment of jusu compensation to owners of land acquired for redistribution and the re-sale of land t-o the beneficiaries under reasonable terms and conditions. (iii) Th-e m -riculturFl Credit ,d-inistration (ACA). The iCA is a reorg,anization o-' thie Agricultural Credit and Co-operative Financing Adrinistration. (n CCs). The ACA is of special significance for the orevious share tenants ,ho are converted in`to lessees or 07e-, oers of lrc. Their ocx _tatus wll cut them off frlo their traditional sources of credit, Their landlords. S slm of - '50 imillion is appropriated for this pur-ose and auathority given to re-discount and borrow,; Lronm the Central Banr and othier financial inst-itutions. The ACA is directed to grant production loans and loa,ns for the acquisition or construction of farm equipment, supplies and facilities especially to cooperatives to sti-mulaLe their organization and coordinate t'heir production, marketing, manarement and service or facilities such as irrigation and transport. ind:iidual loans not exceeding 2 2,CC0 may be extended to farmiers on the basis of their repayisent capacity or offered securamLies. Tnterest on these loans is limited to a maxim f. of CS rper arnnum. (-v) Thle gri cultural 'roductviv- Corm'iission (A'C). The ABC is a consolidation of tn_ 3ureau cf ,gricultural Ixtension (Bif) and the ,cgricultural Tenarncy Co-ission (AIC). The purpose is to nrovide tech-nical, ed'cational and informational services throuzh extension work-ers fo +he far.,ers, p-rticularly lessees and new land owners who are beneficiaries of the land reform. (v) Office of th-.e AErarian Council. 7he Office cf the Agrarian Council is a reor-anization of the Tenancy .:ediatior. Cormission (Tho). Its specific nurrDose is to strengthen the legal assis- tance to agricultural lessees and owner cultivators. Land disputes are to be dealt with iL the newly established Courts cf -igrarian Relations tD be established in the various regions of the count,>. e -IDIX I ge 3 (vi) fhe's,icncl Land Ts-4^srn Coucil is to be~ c3.m.pojad of the 'o-;-irmnor of the Lo^f ku:iorizy (Chairma n), t miistratcr of tne hg-iculturai Creudit A.drinistration, the CChairman of the Board cf Trustees o' the Land 3ar'i, the Cc"v"issioner of the Agricultural Prcduc"Jvity Cor-mmission arn another member appointed by the Fresident. Thne functi ons ofL the Council include the des-gnation oa specific la.nd r-formr districts and the formulation of' detailed regulations governing -he selection of land for acou-siticn and distributioa. the selection of beneficiaries, and the deterrination of farm sizes. ReEaional La-d Hef'orn. Conmittees, responsible to the Cou.ncil, Till be es-tab se in each ^egion of t'e ccu,ntry. -overnm-ent oflficials 'ro7e that nolitic-al .ressures w^:ill not zorce the coui^ncil to desiclnate land refcorm i'stricts moe ra2idly than th.ey can service ef'f?ectivel-. 7. Tt is, however, clear t,at a reorganiz2tion of the a-r-'cult'ural services and land tenure will not in itself be sufficient to ensure increased agricultural prodac+tiity. There is urgent need to improve the supply of prodiction su-norts, particularly fertilizer and improved seed. 8. T.he countr_y now has one sma±a nlant ranufacturing aTmmoniun ulrhate, e ncther meaking surer roschate, te o .-^ivg plants, and a large urea plant under const-rnucion. Consus-1!tior, of nitrocen fertilizers is esti.mated at L4,CCC tons. 'h-is fi gure is exoected to double by 1967, although a triplin- is considered cossi'ble if' certain unliikely assumptions should materialize. 2 9. l.oderate tariffs are levied on ir.morted fertilizers (two thirds of total supply) to protect local industry. An exception is made for fertilizer imported by the Agricultural Credit A:dministration (ACA) for suHply to parvicipants in the current "crasr" rice production program. Tn this case the fertilizer is held either in ACA warehouses or under arrannement by private fertilizer distributors. It is disbursed to individual grc7wers on orders from .'C. Payment is to be made frcrm the proceeds o- the crop w7hich must be delivered to "CA designated .warehouses. It 2as not yet been decided whether this crash prograrm fertilizer credit scheme ;ill be continued and ex..anded to the main rice croe later in the year. Sligarcane growers obtain their fertilizers mainly from their ow;n co-oneratives who b'a-uy in bulk and supply to their members. Other farmers can obtain limited supnlies 'r=m the private fertilizer distributors operating at siare o- the main centers. Finance is available :^cr its purchase through the private Rural Banks. 1/ See th.e study Pr,IDection of Fertilizer Tsag,e in the Phil-ipines sponsored byJ the Internatioial Finance Cor-oration. This study emphasizes the limDited extent to ihich increased fertilizer use can lead to higher output unless it is accompanied by (a) many chanres in cultural practices and (b) the development of neTw varieties more resnon.sive to fertilizer than many native varieties now are. There is also great need for research on fertilizer applications and resconses under Philippine conditions. The report tends to discount the contribution to be made by a greater availability of f ertilizer alone. fagen L; 10, The seed, cer-Ification schene for- rice, at ,resent the- res-onsibility of the dureaic of Pla3nt L7ustry ha91), nas not 'been succesoful. -uantities of certified seed produced annually are s-ufficient only to plant less tnan one per cent of the total rice acreage. Dcring 1962/63, of son,e 50,000 cavans of seed oroduced by f--rer co-onerators for certified seed oroduction, only 47,0DO cavans -,;ere of an acceptable standard. This :ias erloca all due to the disnersion of selected co-ocerators -.ith^ consequent insufficient su,pervisory service ana to a r^t.rer unrea -stieal_,- hi.c-h standard acon-ted. I,--a-le endeavor to satisfy all demands for an opportunity to cotain a nremiuri co for their crc-s, thre BPI snreads the co-o7erators as nIdely as possible rat`her than locating the.ml in concentrated areas so as to fa.cilitate supe: ision. Ir order to irinv-ze th.e availability of good class zcrcrerc_al rice seed, CA` is institut%ing a contvrolled prod:uction program of reccmmended varieties in the vario-us districts. vUnder th-s sceme selected seed will be b-uLkLed up bv crivate growers under CAPf sunervisioon. if develc--ed this .;ould bseneficial-ly ccnmlel ent the seed certificaticn scneme and generally improve the eualaHty of seed available ccmmercially. 11. Table I shoLis that tne production iincreases of rice and corn over the cast 15 years have been due a7Lost entirely to ec)anded area rather t.han increase in yield. It is obvicus that the fertilizer and seed situations, among oher th'ings, uill need to b'e nroved to permit any reorganized ser,vices to inake a s,-niaicant i!oressicn on thie present agricultural cosition. A recognition of' this fact is sho in in the moves now being made to crganize supplies of fertilizer for rice productJon and to prov-de cred-t for its purchase and in th'e conmencement of a program for tne bulking of selected rice seed of recommended varieties to meet the requirements of1 rice growers. Z77 LI7 I Tabole Changes in Area and Yield for lice and Corn Consuruption 1948149 - 1961/62 Area lCC0 Hlectares 1 9L4/L9 C ran 1952/53 1959/60 1960/61 1961/62 Corn 969 1,o46 2,o4'5 2,c2L4 Rice 2,350 3,306 3,198 3,179 Yield 1C0 K-o/:-iec tare Corn 7.2 6.3 5.9 6.2 Hice 11.8 11.3 11.6 12.3 rrOQon2stof 1,CC0 eOric Tons Corn 696 1,lc5 1,210 1,266 ?.ce 2,76r7 3,739 3,N705 3,910 Source: Vood and Agr-icultnre Orgarnlzation Froductior. Yearbook, 1962 A??E7-';D II 'l-.ecuiremer.ts a,nid *5- s in th-e "ear 1707 I. nc?raisal of the oresent project does not depend crucia.lly on overall estinates of the future demand for and sucnly cf agricultural Oraduates throuc-hout the econcrmy. Ho,.wever, it is useful to try to derive some notional fiLu.res fr annual requirements and supclies in the future. Supol, and demand est-mates have lbeen r.ade focr 1'7^,, treated as a bencn- mark, vear. 2. Irn 1970 thae TJT.?.C.A. o:l be only one among perhaps 20 agr±cultural colleges supnlyir --raduates to t-he labor rmarket. There are too manv variables to nermit a confident judgment as to whetezher or moto there -.iill be sufficient ocenin½s to absorb all the graduates of agricultural colleges. The best estimate, however, is t'hat there uill not be any ser-ious surplus of graduates. Regardless of the overall rmarket situation in 1970, adjustrents in enroLments at U.?.C.A. alone cannot make any -major contribution to the closer gearing of the total supply to requirements. The only remedy is a mrore controlled expansion of the total systerm of agricultural education than is now occurring. A. ) ecture o' future requirements can be developed bay: (a) ccroaring the oresent density, of such graduates against international standarcs, or (b) ask-ing the main emnoyers about their plans for expanding employment, or (c) working fonrard frcm a base-line figure for the Dresent stock1 of agricultural graduates by applying arithmetic factors covering growth and replacement of this stock. Ihese th.ree anoroaches serve as checlks on each other. Toaether they lead to a judgmrent cn the annual requirements for new agricultural graduates. mequirements can then be compared w.ith the estimated annual supplIes. 4. Table A li'sts all agricultural colleges and un-versities in the country, the dates of their founding, their estimated enrclments in 1963, and tne assumTied nunber of grradiuates in 1-970. Until 19 r8 -,.hen the first graduates began to come from Araneta, th-e U.P.C.A. had been the only donestic source of agricultural graduates. Entirely a?art fron its past monopoly, however, the College enjoys a position of strong mnarKet preference among many employers because of tthe superiority of the education which thev feel its graduates receive. Tn 1963 the U.`.C.A. conducted a auestionnaire survey of all living graduates to determine, among other things, their oresent employment. At the time of the appraisal mission's visit, returns from nearly 3!5 per cent of the alumni had been received. Their distribution by four major Page 2 classes cf emnlo,,ent is s`hc-Tn hereunder:z' ur.=uber 1. Dept. of Agriculture & ˇTaatural Pesources 879 15 2. -ducation 632 32 Cffice of the President 315 16 Pr. Pivate emplcyrent 131 7 1,957 100 W,ihen these figures are ad-usted to allow for known distortions in the coverage of the returns received, they suzgest t'nat abcut 55 per centt of tn',e eradkates are em:Iloyed by the government's agricultural service agencies, another 4.0 ner cent are in agricultural education, and the remaining 5 per cent are employed by four large private em.loyers. 6. There are rno nublished data on the distr-bution of public employ- ment of agricultural graduates and thne unpublished data are pcrly organized and diff cult to locate. At the end of 1963 the Program Imnlementaticn Agency (PTA) was finishing an inventcry7 of agricultural =raduates in goverrment empQloyment. Preliminary results from t'ne PIA survey show,Ted that the central government emnloyg about 10,000 university graduates of wuhom 6,2.00 hold agricultu-ral degrees (including degrees ln agricultural education). Table C presents the best estimates available cr. the ccmoosition of this 72E400 rDoouiation now 4mn groverrment service. 7. Table C shows that two-thirds of the public employees with agricultural degrees are emcloyed in the agricultural services, one-third work in agricultural education. Sixty per cent of those in the agricultural services are extension wvorkers of one kind or another including Home 7conomics workers. With 1.6 million farmers in the country there is one extension agent for every 1500 - 1600 farnmers. This ratio compares -;ith 1/650 in Japan, 1/1,5C0 in Taiwan, 1/2,5C0 in South Korea, 1/5,C00 in Malaya, 1/15,0C0 in Thailand.2/ Thus the present density of extension -vw=orkers in the 'Philipoines is considered satisfactory as measured by crude international comparisons. Growth cf the agricu'tural services during the next decade should be slower than 4n tne recent years of very ranicd exnansion. 8. DFe may estinate the annual government demand fcr agricultural graduates in 1970 bv (a) apnl4ing a range of growth-rates to the present stcck 1/ - Table B gi-ves more detail on the distribution of ennl oyment by er-loying agency. Although ex ension workers constitute the largest single Cccu- pational group among LT.?.C.A. graduates in tne sa-,.ple, they account for only cne graduate in every five. College a'thorities believe that graduates employed by the Bureau of Public Schools, teaching in agri- cultural high schools and colleges, constitute the largest occupational group of alurni. 2/ - Taken from th'e U.,,. oublication "Decentralization for Mational and Local De-velonmrent, kST/TAG/I1V9-1962), ?.132. The ratios refer tc 1959. A2T:D=K IT Page 3 of universiy ra d_r aes in the agricultnural agenc-es (irscluric r ao ricutura education, ,o) ad&'n'½a an allowance 'or -enlace7,ent, and (c) mak;- assunotions about -h'.e prooortion o-f graduates wtho W-ill hold agricultural degrees. Table , begins with the present estimate of 10,000 in the ac=icultural services and education, applies a rarige of growth and replacement rates to arrive at fl,,ures of gross annual recuirerients and then applies fi-re assumotions as to the proportion of new,_y-hired peo wle w,o w,ill hold agricultural degrees. Table 3 ;s not cumrvulativire; i't refers cnly to t'he year 1970. 9. The low,-colunn estimnates seen unlikely on two grounds, (1) an inL1orta,nt set of' novernnent services th,at has recently been expanding rapidly cannot suddenly -e assumed to slow dan its gr-:..t'` to the expected growth- rate or the i'arv oopulation, and (2) a 2 oer cent growth rate is only one- *-f-h of the nrojected annual increase o-f 3AHP expenditures for t'he nex't ''ie ears. t the oth,er end of the scale, the high-co'umr estimates would (if the present distribution nattern continued) g7ive the ccuntry one extension agent fcr eve_, 260 fai-, units. Tiis -nt-ches the JMetheriardvs present ratio, the hi,gest in the world. .' figure of about 17CC (- or - 6Cc) is as accurate an estimate of new recruits in 1970 as can 'be h-oned for nowr. 7his figure can be comoared w,ith the probable output of agricultural graduates in 1970 sho-wjn in Table A. 10. Table A gives us an estimated figure of 1,900 agricultural graduates in 1975 otC all these will seek g-ove=ient en,coyment. Tf we apply the oresen+ factor of about one-auarter -w;ho do not choose government, we have a net fi-ure o-f 7,L2 as the nier of domestic graduates likely to seek public ennlo,yment in 1973. Th1.e number returning fron. foreign study is unlikely to increase this figure sigr.ificantly, (perhaps by 5c-l00) An estimated supply ficure of about 1,550 comrared to the est;mated demand figure of about 1,7C0 sugests thnat there 'will be a reasonable balance in the system. 'Hcwever, both the supply and dermand figures are subject to wide margins of error. Sept.16/64 Table LIS. 'I lIIU. TuRLF CCLL D-S Estizrrated Airproxima te Numaber Date of nroll.ment to be t o-rudin:Lg 19b2/)I63 gradua Led ______an __ _cat_ion in 1970 1. U? Colle_e W' ..'-,ricultz Colleg,e KIos _anos) 1909 2,C50 Ono.er Chartered A'zr. Cclleges (PLdbic') 2. Central uzon igriclt^ural Collec- IlinCs, .-eva Llcija 1950 1,4C0 250 3. iindanao Agr icultural Col e'ge a .usuanl, l3ukidon 1953 1, CC0 200 i&. tiintaUao Insttute cf '_c=1nlog-y 195i 1.CCO 250 5. Samar Institute of T-eclnology Cataran.a. Samar 1958 300 l00 Sub-_otal - Chartered: 5, 750 1,15 Public Co5 cI s (unrer Jffureau Public Schools) 6. itountain & :,ricaituraL Coll eg,,e 1ir-inidad ,3enz-luet .ourtair _-~ozvinca 1 9525* 235 IC0 isayas .;ricultural Col ee aycay, Leye 1952- 3C0 100 C. iarines Sour :attinael r cultu^ral School P i, Car-;arines aur l?50- 200 75 . cxas -e.crial A_cicultural Sc oo GuiLnocatan, i'may 1956* 2C0 75 10. -egroc Occidental Aiculjura c'chool :iao.-ang,kaan, t,e (Page 2) Ap-roximate £s4-mated Date of inrrcient u7-er Foundinr 1962/1963 to be graduatea 'T2rZ and Locatian _ in 1970 _11. lo½_5 c 1;a~. =:l7'CuL lnral OchCiol -a-,n011o, _o1cl W-S2 b"~~~~~~ L ~ '*UO2 2 Ii ion >ervtoe TJrit 10 322 TEc 0-ice of the Iresident o the Philirnines Agr. Credit `dniristraticn 36 7orest Products Research Trsts tute 13 rresidenti4a 'ssistant >or o'rxunity Develormnent 39 Dm1er7ency Zmnloyment Adniinistratian 102 Prozr n^ Imnlenentation Agency 8 De-'-elonnent Bank of the i-wapliar.-cies L2 4t-hi-Anie .Vlr.-iria Tol,acco -1oin-1 aion5 I-hilin,in.e Coconut ideinistnation 19 aa 1ana1 Economic Counci 13 Hational Science Develoanent Board 6 283 LL zs-dcationAl In.sttinE Bureau of Public Schools 303 Central Luzon As Agricultural Graduates in 9,7C ?.elvart Cc.or7aricons: ~. ass!e- 3-rate of nc^ulatim Q`rov. to 7 3: 5, o .a. 2. Ioverr=ientls nrodjecticns for n-cu-sases in overall exrerditUr5 P7¸ 1963-62: ave. 8.5; ..a. 3. Grovernrm.ent irojection for increases in exnenditures of Dent. of Agriculture and LTatural esources, l 1763-63 : 10.3% .a. 2.R Becinn.in,g Stock JO ~of univers:t tr, cuates in govJe=zent devaca,rents ser.ricing agriculture: L0,0C0 (1963) A. Aoorox. ratio of agricultural graduates to all universit7 -raduates n goverement denartments serr4cing agriculture: .62 '1963) T. Positions to be filled bv- ,nt''''ers' tT .-raduates LoW Intermediate Hiih 1. Size of stockc (end 1970) (11 ,27) (l9,036) (19,287) 2. Growth in stock. 230(2-') 902( 1 ) 1,929(107 ) 3. Ren,lacement of vasta, e 3%t5(3%) 759(5-) 1,374(7%) botal: 2 + , 575 1,65 3,323 II. Acriculture Graduates (assumed portion of total intake of university graduates) P-ercent 50 283 827 1,662 b0 3L% 992 1,995 70 403 1,1-58 2,326 80 I6L 1,323 2, 68 90 518 1,239 2,991 Average of troe minimum and maxim.m figures is 1,620. "most reasonable range"r: 110C tc 23C0 (or 17C0 + 600) July 1/62 IlST L.F CJLFG.'IS .A D SCIMCLS Th VT W,, , CF T.- F FLTOOT-:S (.irrarged in t'ne order of tiaeir fcunding) 1. Colleae of Medicine 2. CDlleoe cf Ag,riculture - Los -nics 3. vColege of =rchizec:ure ar1 Pine Arts 4. Collere of Arts iand Sciences 5. CCllege o Ingineering 6. College of Veterinary `edicine 7. Cc'leOe cf La". 2. G7raduate Cole,Ee of Educa-ion 9. Col'lege of n7'ar,nacTr 1C. Philipin e General H4ospital Ccnool of Cursing 11. College of forestry 12. University '-'gh Scnool 13. Conservatory of ffisic 14. Col lege of' Dentistry 15. Cu=mer Tnst-tute 16. Institute of hygiene 17. Hiural hizh School 13. Colleoc of Busness ,dministration 1C. Univers it.;,- :ementary vS.hool 20. bib College 21. College of :iursing 22. Graduate Schcol of Arts arnd Sciences 23. Zxtension Division, M'anila 24. institute of Public Adr-rn-istration 25. University P'reparatory School 26. Statistical Center 27. Asian Taoor Iducation Center 25. Clark Air S2ase 7ranch 29. institute of 'sian Studies 30. College of F'sheries 3 nst-tute of Econoric Develor ent arn tesearch ,2. Agricultural Cr-edt ad Coo,peratives nst-'tute 33. Univers-t.y Co5Llege 34. U.-". Cllee, aguio City 35. Institute of Library Science 36. Colle ,e of :oIe cononics 37. Schocl of Allied 'Medical Professions Source: General Catl7'ome, "T.F., 1963/64, pp. 7-11. XFF2'TDTX 1D T-, ,T o > ¢ j > ~~~~~~~~~~iLT 1 - >rt> CS : _. J;. .1.^03 J - .D_ Estimated costs cw lreu,, bu-ldings, renovaVon, eau:on.ent. -ti ites and other costs7 :e T-, B t I2E. ~ve scs ? 'c12~- i le. J 1; s-cal 5cience 2,702,G0 065, 2. 34ological Sciace 3,735,700 9 35.V0C . er,eYU. of .r c-lt,ral _r.;or=a,ion a.d cations - carm cme :'eel oeIst 710,c0 177,7 ,70 c. A"o07::7 /ols 2,,29,C000 22.('0 5. `h7, si cal P`'lant c5 ,3 '63h^ ~~~~~1J~~~~~~~~~~~~~n± ~ ~ ~ ~ c,c 633,,CO,6 L0 6. a.P.ricaltura'l iongineerier'g 7975700 1099,!'0 7. 3iolog-cal Science --reenrhose 2k6 600 61,700 8. Agrono.my/Soils Greenhouse 275,CCO 68,800 9. Food Science and Techrmology 974,400 2h3, 600 10. Students SJni on 2,30L,,8c0 576,200 11. ITen's DormirLtories 1,686, 9C0 21,700 12. .cm.ents ocrmitories 1,38C,100 345 C 13. dmJ nist-ration I,227, 30o6,900 13. - 913227, 65C 22,LCO 15. Auditcr if. 1,335,,3C0 358,9c0 16. Faculty, :Housing 3,0,00C 90,CCCO Iieno=ration 17. Librar- 20C,0o0 50,0oo 18. l'ural hiigh School 10,OCO 25,c00 19. hz an,l itie s 10C,C00 25,000 -Ub-total 25,373,0o0 6,3343,300 20. E uc: u -ent 8,732,5C0 2,183,10o 21. Site Utv 3,9 69,5C0 992,.'0 22. --:c, "1 -rd Zugineeri-g Fees 1,830,0C0 O57,500 23. Administration 599,0c0 149, 700 TOtal L0, 50I,0CC0 1C,126,00C 24. Contingencies 6,196 .00c 1,I,89 000 G?RA;O!O T? L L)h6,7`0'CCO /11,675,COO / Subject to revisior duri-.g neotiations. This appendix contains data and exn'lanations that bear on the UniversityTs and the aovernm.ntfs ability to finance the Project. Four tables 'Lol!o'. thes3 explanatory paragraphs. 2. Taci 1 shcws the Universitv- 's total cash income and expenditures for .r.e se n var s ' 1,57 - F 1963 plus tenLative projections for the five-ye2~ ner- ad of ans Ph roraLm F r 1,9. _-7,r F168. In five of the seven most recent ears the University has realized an overall surnius desnite an. increase of 45;S in exmenciitures over the period. The cumulative net surplus for these seven y-ears was p2.7 million. Anmnual surpluses rerain the pronerty of Zhe unfversLty: zhey do not revert to the '-,aticnal TrasuZr. 3. Th^.e sources of University income in T '9963, and Dsti.mated scurces for each of the next five years, are given in Table 2. 3y FY 1c68 the overall income is excected to rise from P20.6 to ;34.2 mirdllion, an increase of 13.6 mi on, or t-.so-thirds. This is exactly the amount by wh och the '2overmnaenu contribution is assumed to inrcrease. The net changes assumed for the five other sources of incone are zero. L. It is useful to conmare the orojected five-.y-ear exoansion ir Goverrnment expenrcitures Lor the Unive rsit -y with the projected ex-ansions for: (a) eleven other charterea educational institutions not ur.der the Desartment of ducnction, (b) the Denartment of Education, (c) the total expenditures of the National Government, and (d) the National Govm-rnmentts financial resources. Five-year estimates for all th^ese items are surmrarized in Table 3. The main points of interest are these: (i) .lthough no estimates are 7ive.n for the exnansion of total i'lancial resources, i:ncore fron Gereral Fund (wh!ich regularly accounts bor oC-z,, of Governaent resources) is expected to grow by P621 mill-on1, or 53,. (ii) Total exnenchizures of ;,e -National Government are expec.ed to rise by ^927 rmillion, or ,9''. (ili) Total expenditures for eductition b,y agencies of the National G-ov~rnmenet (the s-Lie ofA lines 3, 4 and 5) will rise by P337 million, or 703Ob. Ihis total exceeds the budget appropriations needed by tne amount of the University1 as e:enditures that are fin,anced from sources oh:_,r then the national budget (cf. Table 2). AP-.IX V Pa2e 2 (iv) In 7f 196, 9656 of National _ovarnrment funds for education went to tre eartnont.of Educaticn; less than 2i went to the University of the hlirpines -while just over 2' went to the 11 other charts red unmiversities nct run by the Department of Zduc2tion or financed throu-h its budget. (v) A'thougrn exnencitures for the University ard the 11 chartered unLraivrsities a- e ex-ected to rise at c-nsiderably faster rates than thosa of -Lne _ooartm-ont o- o ducation, t;.e latter 7ill tln ce s3encfng 91, of .he Gov- rr7nCn ?s eaducation fLuncs in FY 196. About 8- of the total increase ln aciucational outlays vill -,o o r_e:artment. 'he increae in this t_e: alone will acco -t for about 32,. of the tctal increase in all Gover=nter- ex,ecitures. The result wiould be to raise the total pro-ortion of ecucat-on ie=xenditures in the Philirpine budget fror. 2c6, ir, FY 1963 to 29,, in 1968. (v.;) Ti-e absolute increase nro4ected for the University is less than 10;5 of that for tie Deoartnment cf &ducaticn. 5. The p rojected andditional o,oerating ex-cen6itures for U.P.C.A. resulting afrom, the im-ipslementation of the Five-Year Levelsmrent Prograr have been prepared by U7-2..COA. and have been approved recently b'y the Gover-nmentIs Program -implem entation )_g*ncy. T,hey are shnown in 7hble 4 broken dow;n into divisions and individual items. Acccrding to t estimates, the increase in ocerating expenses would be spread over f'our years, rasing from P3.4 rmillion in FY 1964 to 7.9 million in FY 1968; thereafter they -vould level off at about P8 million. The anrnual increase over the firs. four -years of the Program is slightly over -1 million as can be seen from Taoble 4. Thlese projections will be discussed during negotiations in order to ansure that proJected operating expenditures w4ill adequately meet the requirements of U.?.C.A. s Five-Year Development Program. APPET r'I> 'J Table 1 Unil;ersity cf the `hiliormines Projection of Inccme and E=en6iture/ (in thousand paso s) TI C C T7 X P 7 N ; I T TU p E fi-scal Years Actual Pro jectior Actual 2rc t c 195-7 12630.1 li, 54. 1 13,957 .3 1_ 3 63. 9 1959 IL4,977.7 15,710.7 1960 16,222.2 15,511.2 15961 18,377.5 17,689.c 1962 16,483.1 16,618.9 1963 20,52i .2 19,763.5 113,180.1 11o,472.6 1964 23,960 23,960 1965 26,190 26, L430 1966 28,630 20,150 1967 31,290 32,150 1968 3L,200 35,)60 1i4, 27C 1 4 7, 150 1/ - Lces not include capital exoenditures of the Five-Y-ar Develop-ent - rogjro.. 2/ - Ratas of increase of income, 9.3 per cent, anr expenditure, 10.3 per cent. Source: Uriversit-- cf the PhiJappines, Certified Statement of t-he Ch;ief Accountant. APPIINDIX V Table: 2 Universityi ?f the Philippine s Five-Year Projecti on of IacozT by Source cfr ncomc in thousarndI pcsos Actual Income Fiscal Years 1S63 1961h 1965 1966 1967 1,963 1. Tuition and other fees 4,177U9 20 5,000.0 5,000.0 5,GoO.0 ((, ,OD0.0 2. National Government contribution 7,212.4 35 12,371. 13,987.8 16,00b3,3 18,311.1 20,821,0 3. NEC-AID Programa & Lump Sum andI Counterpart Funds 1, 865. 4 9 1,198.9 l,01b7.6 65859 625.8 31W2.0 )1. Endowrmellts (Foreign and Local) 762.1 1,797,0 2,1hCO.c 3,00(.1 3,598.3 L,27',.0 5. Ilisccllaneous G,650G.4 32 3,2 591j 3,666.6 3 7a-9 3,75Eh.3 3,7620o T 0 T A I 20,621h.2 (1(00) 23,960.0 26,190.0 20,630.0 31,290.0 34, 200 0 Source: Budget Office, University of the Philippines. AiEU11DBIX V Tablle 3 National (Government Projected Growth of Riesources, Total. Epepudi t,Lues, and Expenditures for E(ducation, FY 19(3-1968 (in nillion pesos) nivrc-Ycoar Fiscal Ycars 19614 196¢j 1966 1,967 19f68 Growth Resou.rces arid Exp,enditures P P Po4 %/ p % B ,-1 1. General Fund lievenuc 2315 f 139 178 9 1919 823 I 2. Total Expenditures 300 1-6 1l 6 6 16 1 7 i(8 7 17 7 92 7 l 9 Educat,ion ErpencJitures 3, Departnment of Education 82 18 146 9 143 7 141. 7 1214 20 295 65' 11. IUniversity of thie Philippines 1.3 23 12.7 )45 2.0 5 13.6 8 2.9 14 (25.6)(ll0) 5. Eleven othcr chartered univer6ities I/ 3n1 30 6.3 63 3.7( 26 2.)i 243 I.0 14 -6.5) -t.(O 3137.1 T Tiese increments refer t1o -the total bu(tdgets of the in,stitution,; not to tl-L (Lcm1nnient S centr U;at:J t. those hudgets. The University of tlhe Philippinca; budp,et dstimsLa no ed ccl J}l cr S ci.it lii'da;r liL:n those used in Tahle 2, lihich represent later estimiates. T' bl e sholwl tl A-; LIlc Ur:tv !t,i-tv i. n ti.cif)Ai on, an inctrcasc in th.e Govcrmcnme,na cont, i btion of MJl3S i±LL1>... (-10kb. miLl i u us i-f 2 ni; 113 io(I) Vi T'I c 2 fii urc arc usedI, the ListL two fitures in row I heecoil.c ,-13,6 r'.llion nIld 190 per Cblt:, Vigirc5 ar not available to makce a hidiiLar adjustmcnts fa tOle 11 otlic r chartcrcd Ati vClSiLif..a. Source: Computed froin Tables 11 an(d 6, arl Annex A, Tieo 1trasidcnt's T3udpet Ileasape lo the Fifth Con-rteos Of tho Republic of tle f h-lip-piries. I t * A PPTIT)IX V UHMVE lSITY OF THE P11IITPPTHES' COLLEGE OF PGRICULTURE Table 4 Requirements for Additional Operating Expenses under the FivE-Year 1Development Program Page I (in thousand pesos Yearly Inerease in Opera ting Expense _ Proposed Budget at Fiscal Years Total in 1964 1965 9S66 19 7 1968 19f9 1970 the end of 6 Years Djivision and Item Administration Salaries 405 28 30 33 35 28 140 609 '1ages 60 5 -- -- 5 '3 10 95 Travel 22 a/ - - -- --5 5 32 Supr,lies & Vlaterials 215 a/ -- -- 10 1.0 15 I5 265J Equipment 40a -- -- __ __0 90 Sund ry 40 a/ __ __ __ __ S 10 __ Sub-otoals 782 33 30 143 50 68 120( 1,126 Ins.tructi.on Salaries 1,0(09 71 76 'l 96 9(1 9u 1,510 A.ssi-.si.tuntships, Fellowships and(i Scholarshis 163 25 25 50 S0 C0 __ 263 wages 42 -- 10 15 15 Ii? 27 12,6 Travel Under Adm. -- 5 5 1() 10 ,0 50 Supplics and h.aterials 20 -- 30 140 1,0 20 ho ,-00 Equipjiment Urnder Addm. __-- __ 100 1i/() Sund ry Under Adm. __ 3 3 4 5 10 Sub-ToLals 1, 234 96 1149 1914 205 2142 293 ?,-4114 APPEI-HDTX V Table 4 Page 2 Yearly Increase in Operating L.penses Propo.-;ed Budeet at Fiscal Years Total in 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 the end of 6 Years Research Salari.es 439 31 33 35 67 b/ 69 h/ 45 719 4 a gec 145 -- 15 15 20 30 35 260 Travel 45 -- 10 10 10 1(0 20 105 Supplies & iklaterials 120 5 10 10 10 10 10 1.75 Publications 15 -- 5 3 2 2 3 30 Equipment 23 -- -_ -- -- 60 10(0 1-83 S'undry 20 5 151 5 1 51 1 5 15 -- 100 S;ub:-'T'otJals 807 41 88 88 1214 196 228 1,572 Px tens ion Salaries 30 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 5 ages 9 1 1 2 3 3 3 22 Travel 15 2 10 10 r 6 Supplies and Diaterials 20 -- 5 5 Field Day Fund 6 -- 1 1 i 1 -10 Elquipment 12 -- -- -- 10 20 4 Publications S -- 2 2 1 1 2 13 Sundry _ _2 8 -2 5 2 r 5 7 Sub-Totals 105 5 2j 24 ?1. 22 APPYNJjJIX V Table 4 Yearly Increase in Operating Experises,; iProposed Budgetat Page 3 Fiscal Years Total in 1964 1965 1966 1967 19685?' 19C1 19y70 the end of 6 Years cervice & Maintenance Division Salaries 168 12 13 1 15 r 96 c/ 22 340 '-ages 140 15 25 25 30 30 30 295 Travel Under Admn. 3 2 Supplies & In1aterials 12 15 50 50 70 70 53 320 Equin,Tlent Under .Adm. -- -- -o 40 120 Sundiry UJnder Adm. 5 20 20 25 30 35 135 Sub-Totals 320 50 108 109 1t40 266o 2:2 1,215 Special. S Auxiliary S.,ervices Salaries 79 5 5 5 ti 6 331 (/ 139 liages 11 2 5 5 S7 3 Supplies & Materials 38 -_ 5 5 5 6 7 66 Equil mricnt 7 -- -- ?0 Travel 1 -- 1 1 -- -- -- 3 Capital Outlay 9 __ _ _ _ 9 Sundry _18 -- 2 2 42 2 ? 32 Sub-Tootal 163 5 15 18 0 .1 (9 311 GRf'UD TOTVL 3,411 230 413 476 5t60 87 6:?i 6,903 a/- Lumpsuin for the administra3tion and( all acadermic deprtnnnts (Instruction) ml service units. Thecse will, b],e relieved ultimately foi administration alone. b/- Including about 8 ncw key posridtions for Food Science an,-l Technology. c/ - Including 20 new positions to correct in Part the present weaknesses of thldis-( iLsion. - Including about 5 ncr imlortant positions for the Infirmary. NOT1E: (1) Salaries inciease eaclh year by 7 per cent for seleCtive promotions andi a y fe ad.3itional positions. (2) Original. provision for general salary adjustment is omitted heree APPFI.)lX V SUMMTh'A RY BY IT E AS 0v IDPPTTONL fXPT:.N2E 'l'able 4 (in thous r(d rx.Esos) Fage 4 Yearly Tncrease in Operating Exrenses Proposed Pudget at Item Total in 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 19369 1970 the end of 6 Years Salaries 2,130 149 )59 170 212 303 2) 39 3,362 1l'ages 4o07 21 53 62 7P, 90 112 823 Assistantships & Scholarships 163 25 25 5O 50 50 363 Travel 83 5 ,6 26 25 0 56 2 I Supplies & Platerials 425 20 100 120 138 136 1I5 1,07v4 Equipment 82 __ -- 150 360 592 Publications 20 -- 7 5 3 3 5 43 Field Day 6 -- 1 1 1. 1 10 Capital Outlay c9 -- - 9 SundirV 86 120 ____ 162 '13 6. 73) 3,76) Totals 3, 411. 230 613 7Li6 560 827 986 6,903 NOTrE: The original provision for general salaryr ad1justjm(ent is omitted l,ere. Sept.15/64 WJ~-71E VI _T7I l_ _ A_ j i'. OL U.P.C.A.C T Lw C ~J ;Jv1: I-KTr .L rIP~ 1. A technical unit (see beloi for details) should be established at Los Banos to secure detailed information about requirenents of buildings and equiTnent, rvie,,Tr thern and transmrlit them to the architects and engineers. This unit should review plans and specifications for compliance w;ith these requirerments; check ther, against applicable standards of design and construct- ion; effect all appropriate economies; secure est-imates from the architects and enoineers; recrncile thsee nvithi establ`shed budgets; ,r-ocure equipment; an-d re.a-re all necessary- renorts. 2. The tec-nical unit should ccnsist of three sections: (a architec- ture-engineering, (b) procurement, (c) accounting, repcrting and audit. It sho,ouldr be 'headed by a PJroject .Cana._-er rasnsonsible to U.P.C.A.- s fean. He should be the head of the architecture-engineering section, be trained and e--ceraenced in architectural oractice and have a ,orking kno-ledge of account- ing practices. ne should have an assistant trained and experienced in mecran- ical and electrical engineering. An additional technical assistant and clerical support should be adequate0 3. Procurement services should be provided by an experienced aerson ass4.rned to the Pro`ect. his nerson shoul- be rcspinsible to the Frc;.ect aage but bear a line relationship to the Eusinecs iana:aer. Co^rica pool services shLould be made available as the demand indicates. Accounting and renortinr should be provided by an experienced person assie:ned to the Pro'ect -e sho;ld be resnonsible to the ~rcjeca :.anaaer. Line relat-icshio and supntinz SereS sh o lda be as Lcr nrocureeno . 5. Project Manager should have as his advisor the assistant to the Cornell University project leader J and should: a. ALct as advisor to U.P.C.A.Is Lean on all technical matters related to the project and, uhen so authorized, act as U.P.C.A.ts rec-resentative in these matters. b. Collaborate -,Kith U. .C.A. T5 academic and adriinistrative staff in the preparation of data On soDace and equimrent requirements of the building program. * c. Advise on the relative feasibility of renovations, annexes and new7 buildings and propose schaediles. d. Transmit to the architect the surveys, data on utilities and standards of design on construction as applicable. A member of the Cornell University advisory- unit to U.?.C.A. Page 2 e. 71f^ect all !.r)-I-vico7'be ecc^-j-nies in s;Dac.e -,tilizatl_cn, design ar.d co;ruc.o. f. Secure estiriates of cost and schedules frc.. the architect and reconcile t'hese Tvith t.he overall plan. g. Seeure cor.-lete and conDe:ent crofessional oervzos from trne architect i. acmolince .iith the a=reement fo:r such s ervic a . -. Coordinate the crocurerient of o-uir.ent :;iEc t-e cui'zano cr.struction cchedu_le. i. eva-eo7 ann suhnit accc'cnt- na--sc. n other ra^norts and ad-J-ise cn tre se`eduling of en:enditure of constraction funds. -. :ovise on a program of mainten3nce and opceraticn Oct- mhe 'uildings and equipment included ur,nder the Project that nould ensure tne continued efectiveness of the capital improvements, 6. t su,erv±sing architect should b-e appointed to ensur-e adherence to the bocic a,rincioles and oWect4ives of the campus clan and to keen it current as, the ro~,r=m progresse_. -t -a assu.med 'ha` ahe spoervis_ng architect e arc.hitect Lo.e or nore DF t-he .:ajor buildings. 7. addition to the apr,ointrment of the surtervising architect and his additional anointment as executive architect for initial 7,major buildings, other executive architects for early major buildings should be aspointed. :he executive architect shGuld be responsible for all matters related to the design of the building and should superrse constraction as part of his services. Insrection of the wlork should be by inspectors t;ho are part of the technical unit, compensated from Project funds, and are responsible to the ea:ecutive architect for the compliance of construction with the contract documentrs.