ETHIOPIA DESERT LOCUST RESPONSE PROJECT-P173702 SEA/SH Prevention and Response Plan ETHIOPIA DESERT LOCUST RESPONSE PROJECT-P173702 SEA/SH Prevention and Response Plan OCTOBER 1, 2020 Ministry of Agriculture Addis Ababa 1|Page ETHIOPIA DESERT LOCUST RESPONSE PROJECT-P173702 SEA/SH Prevention and Response Plan Contents 1. Introduction and Context .......................................................................................................................... 3 1.1. Background ........................................................................................................................................ 3 1.2. Description of the Project .................................................................................................................. 3 2. Addressing Gender Based Violence (GBV) and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) Risks in Ethiopia Locust Response Project................................................................................................................. 6 3. GBV Risk Mitigation, Prevention and Response for Ethiopia Locust Response Project ......................... 7 4. Operationalization of this SEA/SH Prevention and Response Plan: Project Annual Work Plan and Budget ........................................................................................................................................................... 8 5. Detailed Action Plan for the Program: Ethiopia Desert Locust Response ............................................... 9 2|Page ETHIOPIA DESERT LOCUST RESPONSE PROJECT-P173702 SEA/SH Prevention and Response Plan 1. Introduction and Context 1.1. Background Gender-based violence (GBV) is an umbrella term for any harmful act that is perpetrated against a person’s will, and that is based on socially ascribed (gender) differences between males and females. These include sexual violence, domestic or intimate partner violence, trafficking, forced and/or early marriage, and other traditional practices that cause harm. The project will ensure systems to address and prevent Gender Based Violence/Sexual Exploitation and Abuse/Sexual Harassment exacerbated/created by the project are put in place by establishing and implementing a SEA/SH prevention and response action plan as part of the ESMF. GBV mostly affects women and girls due to the fact that in many cultures of Ethiopia, they are marginalized and have little or no power to make important decisions about their lives. Their low status in many communities, preexisting high prevalence of GBV and high levels of poverty, are all likely to be exacerbated by the locust infestation and response resulting in heightened vulnerability to GBV in the community. With the possible deployment of external personnel including agricultural extension workers, contracted workers, and/or paramilitary cadets, to conduct ground spraying in these areas; communities may be exposed to increased risks of sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) by project workers. Moreover, GBV could result from intra household conflict over the receipt of cash/livelihood support and/or sexual exploitation of community members who are extorted for sexual favors in exchange for registration to benefit from or release of funds livelihood support. Therefore, the SEA/SH action plan is prepared in line with the protocol laid out in the WB SEA/SH Good Practice Note, for the Ethiopia Desert Locust Response Project. The SEA/SH action plan details the operational measures that will be put in place to prevent and respond to project related GBV including managing related grievances. It incorporates codes of conduct for project workers and other strategies to prevent risks of GBV from occurring and establishes procedures for managing related grievances. The project should allocate appropriate budget to implement the SEA/SH action plan and assign the social development specialist to serve as a SEA/SH GBV focal person to oversee the implementation of activities. For its implementation, allocating an appropriate budget is required. 1.2. Description of the Project The aim of the Desert Locust Response Program is to prevent and respond to the threat to livelihoods posed by the desert locust outbreak and to strengthen national and regional systems for preparedness. The Program objectives would be achieved by supporting investments across three pillars as per the regional approach to the desert locust outbreak response: (a) monitoring and controlling locust population growth and curbing the spread of swarms while mitigating the risks associated with control measures; (b) protecting livelihoods of locust-affected households to prevent asset loss, and return them to productivity; and (c) preventing future locust upsurges by strengthening capacity for ex ante surveillance and control operations to facilitate early warning and early response. The total funding will be US$ 63.00 million. The proposed project includes three components and discussed as follows: 3|Page ETHIOPIA DESERT LOCUST RESPONSE PROJECT-P173702 SEA/SH Prevention and Response Plan Component 1: Locust monitoring and control (US$ 45.10 million): The project will adopt two pronged approaches for locust monitoring and control under this component: (a) direct support to improving surveillance and assessment of locusts’ situation, habitat conditions and geographic exposure as well as targeted aerial and ground spraying; and, (b) capacity building for relevant national institutions and communities prone to locust breeding and invasion. There are three subcomponents of component 1: Sub-component 1.1: Continuous Surveillance to inform effective control operations and identification of affected and at-risk communities for assistance under Component 2. Under the sub-component, the project will finance procurement of equipment and operational costs to deploy expert teams and drones for the collection of data at strategic locations, reporting occurrences and possible occurrences of outbreaks, and assessing geographic exposure to locusts. Support to community-based monitoring and forecasting in both pastoralist and farming communities prone to locust breeding and invasion will also be provided including training of scouts and sensitization campaigns for community/village leaders. Sub-component 1.2: Control measures to reduce locust populations and prevent their spread to new areas through targeted ground and aerial control operations. Activities include procurement/rental of equipment (sprayers, vehicles, drones, aircrafts), support to field operations (aerial and ground operations) input for field operations will be provided to the MoA through FAO. In addition, awareness raising and training for farmers, scouts, experts and officials at different levels (including training on pesticide management and control) will be provided. Sub-component 1.3: Risk reduction and management to monitor and assess environmental and human health risks associated with locust control and implement health, environmental and safety measures to reduce risks to an acceptable minimum. A detailed pest management plan (PMP) will be developed and closely monitored as part of the Project Implementation Manual (PIM) to mitigate any environmental impacts of chemical and pesticide use. Activities would include: i) testing of human health and soil and water for contamination from use of insecticides; ii) optimizing the selection of control strategies, protection measures, and insecticides based on situational and environmental assessments; and iii) providing safety and awareness training for spraying teams and other locust control personnel as well as public awareness campaigns on possible environmental and health effects of insecticides, before, during and after locust control operations. Component 2: Livelihood protection and restoration (US$ 16.00 million). Under this component, the project will provide a seed-fertilizer-pesticide package to selected farmers to ensure planting in the upcoming cropping season and, in pastoralist areas, fodder to guard against further livestock losses and thus loss of their main productive assets. Additionally, the project will provide fodder seed to affected communities to rehabilitate pastures in rangeland areas depleted by the desert locust invasion. The GoE will also trigger emergency food security mechanisms such as the emergency food appeal and contingency funding under PSNP IV that will complement the project’s livelihood support initiatives with cash transfers to cover emergency food needs and to protect against distress sales of assets. There are two sub-components: 4|Page ETHIOPIA DESERT LOCUST RESPONSE PROJECT-P173702 SEA/SH Prevention and Response Plan Sub-component 2.1: Livelihoods Support: This component would be achieved through delivering (i) farmer packages to get food and fodder production re-started as soon as possible after the impact of locust swarms has been assessed and the scope of the damage is determined; and, (ii) forage to the affected pastoral households. Sub-component 2.2: Pasture rehabilitation will cover an estimated area of 81,000 hectares. Activities will include: (i) temporary forage/feed provision in pastoralist areas impacted by the locust outbreak for short term pasture improvement; and, (ii) compensation for unintended damages that may result from accidental pesticides spray impacts beyond the defined buffer zone on people, livestock, agricultural produce and livestock feed. The procurement of inputs, such as crop and fodder seed will be carried out by RBoAs (or Pastoral Community Development Offices) from existing seed sources including Government Seed Enterprise, Agricultural Cooperative Unions and/or Private Seed Producing Enterprises. Bulk procurement method at regional levels will enable to ensure that the right type and amount of inputs are purchased for each agro-ecological zone. Inputs provision to farmer packets would aim to diversify production and introduce improved varieties that provide for higher yields and are resistant to pest/disease and other threats. Pasture restoration would be done in most areas by establishing nurseries throughout the affected area to re-establish pasture flora. Both crop and pasture restoration would need to support plantings that would promote the restoration of pollinator populations in the affected area. Component 3: Strengthening Early Warning Systems and Preparedness (US$ 1.3 million). Under this component, the project would assist the Ethiopia MoA in establishing an integrated system for locust detection, occurrence projection, early warning and systematic data analysis and comprehension. Activities include acquisition of state-of-the-art data collection and dissemination tools and improving data collection methods, building analytical capacity for understanding data, assessment of current strengths and weaknesses in locust occurrence projection and early warning systems and development of a roadmap on how best to develop the systems based on international best practice. It also includes capacity building for federal and regional experts using both national and international experts as well as technical assistance through appointing senior plant protection experts to work with regional desert locust control units. Component 4: Project Management (US$ 0.60 million). Under this component, financing will be provided for (a) the hiring of a pest management expert; and, (b) operating costs for monitoring (particularly related to financial management and safeguards), technical backstopping at different levels; and (c) communication and information exchange. The project will be implemented by the Plant Protection Directorates (PPDs) within the RBoAs of each regional state within the desert locust invasion area under the oversight of the MoA. Project management activities will be carried out in the PSNP IV Project Implementation Unit (PIU) and MOA. 5|Page ETHIOPIA DESERT LOCUST RESPONSE PROJECT-P173702 SEA/SH Prevention and Response Plan 2. Addressing Gender Based Violence (GBV) and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) Risks in Ethiopia Locust Response Project The World Bank Group recognizes that World Bank-financed Projects can increase the risk of GBV in both public and private spaces by a range of perpetrators in several ways. Based on the protocol laid out in the WB SEA/SH Good Practice Note, a GBV risk assessment was conducted on the Ethiopia locust response project and it shows the likelihood of GBV risks increasing as a result of both contextual and project related factors. The assessment rates the level of risks at “moderate�. The Risk Assessment highlighted the following as the major risk factors: • Although the national lifetime prevalence of intimate partner violence (physical and sexual) and sexual violence are lower than the regional average, and child marriage is higher than the regional average. • The project can bring minor influx of labor and employment income differentials in local communities. Projects with minor labor influx of workers may increase the demand for sex work, including the risk for trafficking of women for the purposes of sex work; or the risk of forced early marriage. Furthermore, higher wages for workers in a community can lead to an increase in transactional sex. The risk of incidents of sex between laborers and minors, even when it is not transactional, can also increase. Risk of SEA/SH by project personnel e.g. regional, zonal and woreda officials who may ask for sexual favors from women and girls for them to be included in the livelihoods support for farmers, pastoralists and agro- pastoralists or receive cash for compensation. Also, the livelihood support can create backlash and unintentionally heighten the risk of GBV amongst female participants especially given the existing high gender inequality and norms that do not promote women’s economic independence. Rates of household violence can increase when a partner or family members feel threatened by or resentful of a woman’s economic independence. • The project may be near school routes or roads that are frequently traversed by local women and girls increasing exposure to project workers and in turn, risks of sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA). • Consultations with key stakeholders on GBV risks and processes, including women’s groups and service providers, may not take place as part of the project preparation; community engagement and integration of local concerns and considerations. • It is likely that female laborers will work alongside male laborers without adequate supervision of work sites; without separate latrine and other sanitation facilities for males and females; and without specific mechanisms for females to share concerns about their working environments, including concerns about sexual harassment. • In addition, although there is a National GBV Working Group, it focuses on humanitarian issues; and because the project is not applied in a humanitarian environment, frameworks for coordinating GBV prevention and response may be limited and insufficient for local government, NGO, and CBO. Although there is a gender action plan, there is no protocol defined for referrals to GBV services, which may impact the availability and access to response services. Multi-sectoral government partners (health service providers, Women 6|Page ETHIOPIA DESERT LOCUST RESPONSE PROJECT-P173702 SEA/SH Prevention and Response Plan and Children Affairs, Police and legal service providers) will be supported to develop referral pathways1 3. GBV Risk Mitigation, Prevention and Response for Ethiopia Locust Response Project As part of the Bank’s initiative to integrate GBV in Ethiopia locust response project, GBV risk mitigation measures should be planned. Key elements of the plan include: • Create awareness on PSEA/SH mitigation and response mechanisms within the implementing agency (IA) and contractors. • Monitor GBV Risks and ensure it is adequately addressed in safeguard instruments. • Updating ESMPs and C-ESMPs to include the SEA/SH prevention and response Action Plan. • Stakeholder consultations including the participation of the community that will take place throughout the life of the project, every six months, which will help to inform GBV risks mitigation in the project. • The Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) Social Development specialist, in collaboration with regional Agriculture Bureau GBV focal points for environment and social risk management will carry out a GBV service providers mapping. • Organize regular mentoring sessions for multi-sectoral service providers (Health, case management and psychosocial support, safety/police, and legal service providers) on GBV guiding principles. • MoA Social Development Specialist and regional GBV focal points will support Woreda level Women and Children affairs offices, and other Muti-sectoral service provider to develop GBV referral pathways. • Publicly post or otherwise disseminate messages clearly prohibiting SEA/SH during the locust response interventions, whether the project workers are perpetrators or survivors. • This can include the development, adaptation, translation and dissemination of communication materials (through local radio, posters, banners, at community forums etc.) outlining unacceptable behavior on SEA/H and where relevant referencing existing staff rules for civil servants that may already be in place. Key messages should be disseminated focusing on: i) No sexual or other favor can be requested in exchange for livelihood support/cash compensation; ii) Project staff are prohibited from engaging in sexual exploitation and abuse; iii) Any case or suspicion of sexual exploitation and abuse can be reported to [insert hotline number, GM or citizen engagement/feedback mechanism] and; iv) the importance of timely services/services available. • Project staff will sign Codes of Conduct; o CoC can be mentioned in routine project protocol briefings o Include session on SEA/SH awareness training, in the training and capacity building of the response team. Focus will be sharing key messages (as above) with project staff. 1 The implementing entity should focus on establishing referral pathway and training/orienting service providers/key stakeholders at least on the guiding principles. 7|Page ETHIOPIA DESERT LOCUST RESPONSE PROJECT-P173702 SEA/SH Prevention and Response Plan • Establish GBV sensitive channels for reporting in the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) • Clearly define the GBV requirements and expectations in the bid documents and the necessary actions in the CoCs. • The project site will ensure that separate toilet and hygeine facilities are available and functional for men and women working on the site, including inside-locking doors and appropriate lighting. • Coordinate with school communties and organize activites/disseminate information on SEA targeting adolecent girls 4. Operationalization of this SEA/SH Prevention and Response Plan: Project Annual Work Plan and Budget The client will ensure the commitments and planned activities in this SEA/SH Prevention and Response Plan are operationalized through the project annual workplan and budget. The client must include environmental and social activities in this SEA/SH Prevention and Response Plan with estimated budget in the annual work plan and budget. The project annual workplan and budget passes through a review by task team leaders and environmental and social specialists prior to issuance of no objection. 8|Page ETHIOPIA DESERT LOCUST RESPONSE PROJECT-P173702 SEA/SH Prevention and Response Plan 5. Detailed Action Plan for the Program: Ethiopia Desert Locust Response 1. Create awareness on GBV in IA and contractors and the mechanisms that will be implemented Action to Address GBV Risks Timeline Responsible Budget Monitoring Remarks Body a) MOA Social Development Specialist to At the beginning MOA, & NA Follow up for support the implementation of the SEA/SH of the project Regional its prevention and response Action Plan implementation Agriculture functionality including development of SEA/SH Bureau awareness materials, and development of referral pathways ▪ Update Social Development Specialist Staffs’ ToR/Job Description to include GBV responsibilities ▪ Identify GBV focal points at Regional Bureau of Agriculture c) Develop Training Materials/key messages, At the start of MOA To be Training and Training materials should in line with WB GBV Good Practice Note the project managed communicatio include at least the (GNP) recommendations, for project period within n materials following topics as workers sensitization, community existing developed, recommended in the GPN: awareness and for sensitization targeting budgets and strategies • Definition of GBV, SEA MOA management and Contractor developed and SH, and how the management project can exacerbate/ contain GBV ▪ Develop training/ communication • Roles and responsibilities materials and translate to respective of project stakeholders. local languages • Project staff Code of ▪ Print communication materials Conduct (CoC) ▪ Develop communication and • Case reporting dissemination strategy mechanism, accountability structures, 9|Page ETHIOPIA DESERT LOCUST RESPONSE PROJECT-P173702 SEA/SH Prevention and Response Plan and referral procedures within agencies and for community members to report cases related to project staff; and • Services available for survivors of GBV. d) Awareness briefings carried out for PIU During MOA To be Reports on MOA to provide technical both male and female, Regional BoA preparation and managed briefings support representative, and woreda level project implementation within stakeholders existing budgets 2. GBV Risks adequately addressed in safeguards instruments a) Develop a SEA/SH prevention and During the MOA Part of Ongoing WB to provide techncial response Action Plan including an project regular review during support Accountability and Response framework to preparation and staff implementatio be included in ESMP, including site- implementation activities n support specific ESMPs missions. Update project ESMP if risk situation changes. b) Include in the project’s social assessment During MOA Follow up Ongoing the underlying GBV risks and social preparation (assigned for for its review during situation, using the GBV risk assessment social functionalit implementatio tool assessment and y n support ESMP) missions. Update project ESMP and Contractor’s 10 | P a g e ETHIOPIA DESERT LOCUST RESPONSE PROJECT-P173702 SEA/SH Prevention and Response Plan ESMP (C- ESMP) if risk situation changes. 3. Stakeholder consultations to inform those affected by the project of GBV risks a) Consultations need to be continuous Every six Ministry of Part of Monitoring of To be planned and plan throughout the project cycle months for Agriculture regular implementatio submitted by MOA as entire life of activities n of part of the GBV Action project Stakeholder plan Engagement Plan. Ongoing consultations, particularly when C- ESMP is updated. b) Engage a variety of stakeholders (political, Consultations MOA Part of Monitoring of cultural or religious leaders, health teams, need to be done regular implementatio local councils, social workers, women’s in a quarterly activities n of organizations and groups working with basis Stakeholder children) Engagement Plan. Ongoing consultations, particularly when C- ESMP is updated. 11 | P a g e ETHIOPIA DESERT LOCUST RESPONSE PROJECT-P173702 SEA/SH Prevention and Response Plan c) Establish GBV response mechanism for Throughout Ministry of Part of Monitoring of workers and communities Project Agriculture regular implementatio Implementation activities n of Stakeholder Engagement Plan. d Conduct awareness/disseminate key Throughout the MoA Part of Information As the project is SEA/SH messages targeting school project regular dissemination implmented near schools communities (adolescent girls) implementation activity session report and adolescnt girls could be exposed to SEA by project staff/labor influx 4. Map out GBV prevention and response service providers a) Map out GBV prevention and response During MOA, BoA To be Update WB to provide technical actors in project adjoining communities. preparation and GBV focal covered by mapping as support as appropriate Implementation point, and MOA appropriate Woreda Women and Children Affairs offices Organize periodic induction/mentoring During Project MoA Social Mentoring sessions for woreda level multi-sectoral implementation Development session GBV service providers on GBV guiding (quarterly or Specialist and reports principles every 6 months) regional BoA GBV focal points c Support development of GBV referral During MoA Social MoA Review and pathways implementation Development update Specialist, Referral Regional BoA pathways as GBV focal needed points and 12 | P a g e ETHIOPIA DESERT LOCUST RESPONSE PROJECT-P173702 SEA/SH Prevention and Response Plan woreda level Women & Children Affairs offices d Disseminate information, in collaboration During MoA & GBV Key GBV messages to be with GBV partners, on GBV referral implementation service integrated in GBV pathway and the importance of timely providers service providers existing seeking services outreach strategies Eg, health extension workers) e) Review the IA’s capacity to prevent and During MOA Part of Ongoing respond to GBV as part of Safeguard Preparation and regular review during Preparation. Implementation. activities implementatio n support missions. Update project ESMP if risk situation changes. 5. GBV sensitive channels for reporting in the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) a) Make certain the availability of an effective Ongoing after Ministry of Additional Regular MOA review regularly grievance redress mechanism with multiple amending Agriculture costs monitoring GRM functions in channels to initiate a complaint at MOA, contract with financed by and reporting accordance with regional and woreda levels. GBV Service the on GRM to recommendations in GPN Provider Project’s verify it is ▪ Establish SEA/SH allegations reporting budget working as channels ▪ Recommend including a GBV hotline intended and (as appropriate) evaluate its ▪ Conduct training of SEA/SH focal quality by points MOA and WB 13 | P a g e ETHIOPIA DESERT LOCUST RESPONSE PROJECT-P173702 SEA/SH Prevention and Response Plan c) Verify working GRM for GBV is in place During MOA Part of On going and work with GBV Services Providers to preparation of regular reporting raise awareness of the GRM and refer the project activities project related cases to GRM as per survivors wishes and consent d) Review that the GRM receives and During project MOA n/a Ongoing processes complaints in a timely manner implementation reporting. referring to an established mechanism to Monitoring of review and address GBV complaints. complaints and their resolution 6. Code of Conduct a) Project implementer in collaboration with Once a month if GBV Specialist To be Training MOA ensure budget woreda women and children affairs to there are new in GBV included in reports allocation organize induction sessions for workers on hires Service contract a regular basis (within a month of any new Provider hire) (woreda women and ▪ Review existing public servants code of children conduct to establish coverage of SEA/SH affairs2) ▪ Factor key SEA/SH messages in the orientation training session for the response team. ▪ Raise awareness routinely on SEA/SH prohibitions and related messages (tool- box sessions/weekly/daily project staff briefing). 2 Responsibilities of the Women and Children Affairs office include: Coordinate efforts to promote and protect rights and wellbeing of women/children, create awareness on issues of women empowerment and gender equality, coordinate GBV prevention and response services . 14 | P a g e ETHIOPIA DESERT LOCUST RESPONSE PROJECT-P173702 SEA/SH Prevention and Response Plan b) Evaluate the contractor’s GBV response During MOA n/a Reviwed by proposal in the C-ESMP and confirm prior procurement Task team to finalizing the contract the contractor’s time ability to meet the project’s GBV requirements. c) Contractor to present CoC and ensure that For all Contractor n/a CoCs signed MOA review CoCs to all workers and managers sign the CoC. employees ensure minmum CoC must meet WB minimum standards standards (ref. GPN) (WB to share sample CoC in English/Amharic languages for quick contextualization to this project) 7. Separate toilet and shower facilities for men and women a Site inspection to verify existence Prior to works Ministry of n/a Site visit commencing. Agriculture reporting, (MOA) reviews during implementatio n support missions. b Contractor to ensure separate shower and Prior to works Contractor/Sup Part of Subsequent toilet facilities are available. commencing. ervision regular site visit Consultant or operational report, Task Team. budget for reviews contractor during implementatio n support missions. 15 | P a g e ETHIOPIA DESERT LOCUST RESPONSE PROJECT-P173702 SEA/SH Prevention and Response Plan 16 | P a g e