SFG2723 CEMAC TRANSPORT & TRANSIT FACILITATION PROJECT: CAMEROON COMPONENT (P079736) UPDATED SOCIAL ASSESSMENT AND INPUTS FOR THE PROJECT PREPARATION DOCUMENTS FINAL REPORT SUBMITTED BY: Research Institute for Development BP 413 Bafoussam Tel: 69999 4085 Email: ridevcam@ridev.org Team leader: Théophile SOBNGWI NOVEMBER 2016 TO: The WORLD BANK- Cameroon Office and the Cameroon Ministry of Public Works. CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY As part of a transport and transit facilitation project in the CEMAC sub-region, the World Bank will finance the road rehabilitation works for the section Mora-Kousseri (205 kilometers). This work will be executed by the Cameroon Army Corps of Engineers which is an exceptional measure. To anticipate and develop an appropriate plan for the mitigation of risks related to project activities and OBDFA approach, the World Bank recruited RIDEV as a consultant to update the data for assessing the social impact of the project. The key aim and activities of this study included: • To review the original safeguard instruments prepared for this project (RPF). • To update the relevant demographic, social, economic and cultural data regarding the population along the Mora-Dabanga-Kousseri road corridors as well as those who use it on a regular basis (approximate number, gender, economic activities, social indicators, nationality etc.). • To summarize relevant information regarding the UNHCR Minawao refugee camp and indicate how the Mora-Dabanga-Kousseri road segments are used (if at all) by the residents of the camp and/or the humanitarian groups and government agencies that provide goods and services to the camp. • To undertake a perception study (and relevant reports, e.g. report from Human Rights Watch) to determine how the local population along the Mora-Dabanga-Kousseri road perceive the Cameroon military in the project area in particular and the Far North region in general. • To review the Military Code of Justice and the Code of Conduct and the process for their enforcement as well as rules and enforcement practices applicable to military and civil personnel of ACE. • To prepare a stakeholder map that includes project-affected persons, groups that may be indirectly impacted by project activities and local actors that may have a role to play either during construction or road maintenance. • To list and provide an analysis of potential social risks that might result from project activities and the OBDFA approach. • To propose culturally appropriate and effective participatory and consultation platforms and mechanisms that are already in place and that could be used during project implementation for Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 1 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 2 information-sharing, beneficiary feedback, capacity building, monitoring and as a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM). • To conduct an assessment of communication channels that are currently being used in the project area; and • To prepare a series of recommendations based on the information gathered that may also contribute to improving the social sustainability of this project. From September 15 to 30th, RIDEV conducted a quantitative and qualitative study in 18 villages situated along the corridor from Mora to Kousseri. 290 households and 50 key informants were interviewed, and eight focus groups were organized. SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE: • All the 18 villages along the corridor are situated on both sides of the existing road. • Apart from Magdeme, Double, Waza, Dabanga, Maltam where there are houses built with cement, in the other villages houses are built with either mud or straw. • The size of the villages vary from just a couple of households (Moundou, Gambarou, Gogolum and Abuja) to large areas with more than 3,000 inhabitants. • Most of the villages lack basic social infrastructures including water, electricity, health centers. Gender: • 93, 1% of the household head interviewed are men and 6, 9% are female. Education: • 63, 1% of the household heads did not attend primary school. • 26, 2 % attended primary school. • 10, 0 % attended secondary school. • 0, 8% attended university. Profession: • 59, 3% of the respondents are farmers. • 30, 2% are merchants. • 2, 0% are civil servants. Land ownership: • 93, 6% of the respondents own the land they live on. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 2 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 3 • 6, 4% do not own the land. Type of house: • 73% of the houses are made of mud. • 23, 2% are made of cement/concrete. Household income: • 56, 1% of the household heads make less than 23.500 CFA a month. • 26, 8% earn between 38.500 and 50.000CFA a month. • 10, 2% earn between 50.000 and 100.000CFA a month. Priority needs for social infrastructure: • 28, 8 % of the respondents said the key priority is school. • 27, 7 % said the second priority need is a health center. • 24, 5% said the third priority is access to potable water. ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNICATION CHANNELS In most of the villages along the corridor, people get information from word of mouth and through mobile phones. Despite the lack of electricity in many villages, 76, 8% of the households surveyed have at least one mobile phone. They use a small solar panel to charge their phone and this is an income generating activity for some families. They get information from their relatives who are in large cities including Mora, Maroua and Kousseri. A part from calls, very few people use other applications such as whatsapp, and sms. ASSESSMENT OF CITIZEN ENGAGEMENT Citizen engagement can be defined as the “two-way interaction between citizens on the one hand, which include organized civil society and the private sector, and governments on the other, in a way that gives citizens a stake in decision -making processes, with the objective of improving development.” In the villages along the corridor, mechanisms for accountability are still very weak. When people are victims of abuses either from the army or other government officials, they don’t know how to find relief or complain. Their priority is to get something to eat and feed their families. They seem to be powerless in front of officials. The existing spaces for open participation we identified are: • Meetings with the village chiefs. Usually people sit on a mat under the shade of a tree. They spend hours talking about community issues. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 3 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 4 • Meetings at the mosque after the prayer: people gather on the porch of the mosque and discuss community matters. Meetings convened by government authorities: These meeting are organized when there is an information the authorities want to share with the population. The power hierarchy does not allow encourage open and free discussion. As a consequence, citizens’ participation in public affairs is still very limited. Most people believe that questioning decision makers would be interpreted as an offense or disrespectful. PERCEPTION OF THE ARMY 54, 8% of the people we interviewed said they have a good perception of the army. 18, 1% say the army protects them. 13, 3% say the army ensures security. In rural areas, people do not know the different branches of the army. They see no difference between Genie Militaire and other sections. They consider them all to “defense and security forces”. In urban areas such as Mora and Kousseri, the people we interviewed said overall they have a good perception of the army. However, from time to time there are some abuses by some soldiers on citizens. The main issue is the overuse of power and violence against citizens, especially women. POTENTIAL RISKS RELATED TO THE OBDFA APPROACH Human rights abuses: Some informants we interviewed in Mora said that army soldiers have very poor relations with citizens. The main issues they listed are: • Violence: Some soldiers usually beat people especially women in community. • Alcohol abuse: When soldiers are drunk they become very violent. • Overuse of their power: Some soldiers do not pay for the goods their purchase. • Sexual assault: Women are considered to be the first victims of soldiers. Anti-terrorism law: In 2014, Cameroon adopted a new anti-terrorism law. The government said that the law is necessary to contain the spread of Boko Haram. However, the media, opposition parties, civil society and human rights organizations have criticized this law, fearing that it will restrict the freedom of speech and demonstration. Cultural behaviors: From Mora to Maltam, we did not see any “bar” along the way. Alcohol seems not to be part of the culture. This could be linked with the fact that the most preeminent religion in these villages is Islam. From general observation, many soldiers drink alcohol. Introducing alcohol in the villages could lead to a change in the social heritage of the villages. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 4 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 5 RECOMMENDATIONS 1. The findings from this assessment represent just a snapshot of the socio-economic situation in the villages along the corridor. It is necessary to deepen this observation through a more prolonged presence on the field. This assessment serves as an entry point. 2. Civil society organizations have a very important role to play in promoting citizen engagement in the villages along the corridor. 3. A key observation from the assessment is that the level of poverty in the villages along the Mora- Kousseri road is high especially in the Mora-Waza-Tilde section. Our recommendation is that Cameroon government and Development Agencies should develop a specific program to improve the living conditions of people in the project area. The focus should not be only on rehabilitation of the road. There is a need for an emergency program as well as a sustainable development program. 4. The project construction team should collaborate with community members to avoid some “cultural faux pas” (In Waza and other villages, community members were very frustrated when the Chinese workers tagged the mosque indicating that it will be destroyed. Also in Waza, community members were frustrated because the Chinese workers were eating the donkeys- these donkeys are the main transportation means for many people in the village) CONCLUSION • The risks related to project activities and utilization of OBDFA approach are very much related to preventing possible misbehavior of some isolated members of the road rehabilitation team. It would be appropriate to organize at least one capacity building session on standards and rules for cooperation between the army and the population prior to the start of works. • The people in the project area have a good perception of the army. All the stakeholders look forward to the realization of this project. The Mora-Dabanga-Kousseri rehabilitation project will have positive impact on the following aspects: • Travel time: Actually, the travelling time from Mora to Kousseri is around 7 to 9hours. When the road will be rehabilitated it is expected that this time could be reduced at least by half. • Transportation cost: Transportation from Maroua to Kousseri cost 6,000FCFA with public cars; it used to cost 4,000FCFA.this fees could be reduced by half when the road will be rehabilitated. • Access to goods: People living along the corridor have very limited access to a number of products such rice, salt, cooking oil, etc. because it’s not easy to travel to large cities. • Access to social services: The road will improve access to health care, government services (most of the children in the villages along the corridor do not have birth certificates). • Security: It will be easier for the armed forces to move along the corridor and protect the population Truck are the primary target of BH; because they move very slowly due to the very bad condition of the roads. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 5 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 6 ACRONYMS ACRONYM MEANING ACE Army Corps of Engineers BH Boko Haram BIR Bataillon d’Intervention Rapide CEMAC African Economic and Monetary Community ECCAS Economic Community of Central African States GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism OBDFA Output Based Designated Force Account PIR Plan d’Indemnisation et de Recasement RAP Ressettlement Action Plan RDPC Rassemblement Démocratique du Peuple Camerounais SIA Social Impact Assessment UNHCR United Nations High Commission for Refugees Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 6 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 7 TABLE OF CONTENT I. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 9 II. Project summary ...................................................................................................................................... 12 III. Study approach and methodology ..................................................................................................... 12 A. Data collection .................................................................................................................................... 13 1. Desktop review of relevant documentation ..................................................................................... 13 2. Field work ......................................................................................................................................... 13 3. Limitations ....................................................................................................................................... 14 IV. Baseline socio economic environment ............................................................................................... 15 A. socio economic profile: ....................................................................................................................... 15 B. Community profile: ............................................................................................................................. 21 1. VILLAGE DOULLO.......................................................................................................................... 21 2. VILLAGE TAYERE............................................................................................................................ 23 3. VILLAGE MOUNDOU .....................................................................................................................25 4. VILLAGE MAGDEME ......................................................................................................................25 5. VILLAGE DOUBLE ..........................................................................................................................27 6. VILLAGE GAMBAROU ................................................................................................................... 29 7. VILLAGE TCHAKARMARI ............................................................................................................. 30 8. VILLAGE KANGALERI..................................................................................................................... 31 9. VILLAGE KANGAROUA .................................................................................................................. 32 10. WAZA ........................................................................................................................................... 33 11. VILLAGE ZIGAGUE ..................................................................................................................... 35 12. VILLAGE TILDE .......................................................................................................................... 36 13. VILLAGE MALTAM .................................................................................................................... 38 14. VOIE DE CONTOURNEMENT KOUSSERI ................................................................................ 40 V. Analysis of potential project impact.................................................................................................. 42 A. Stakeholder map ................................................................................................................................ 42 B. Stakehoder allegiance for the use of the obdfa approach ................................................................ 49 C. assessment of communication channels ........................................................................................... 50 D. assessment of citizen engagement .................................................................................................... 52 Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 7 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 8 E. Perception of the army .......................................................................................................................55 F. Potential risks related to the obdfa approach ................................................................................... 56 1. HUMAN RIGHTS ............................................................................................................................ 56 2. Cultural behaviors: ..........................................................................................................................57 G. Mitigation of the risk related to the obdfa approach ....................................................................... 57 H. Social sustainability of the project .................................................................................................... 58 1. Communication: ............................................................................................................................. 58 2. Community development: ............................................................................................................... 58 3. Community participation: .............................................................................................................. 58 I. Suggestions for appropriate and effective participatory and consultation platforms..................... 59 VI. Recommendations ............................................................................................................................. 64 VII. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................... 65 Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 8 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 9 I. INTRODUCTION As part of the transport and transit facilitation project in the CEMAC region, the World Bank, the African Development Bank, the European Union and the French Development Agency will finance the rehabilitation of the Mora-Dabanga-Kousseri road. The project’s development objectives are to enhance regional trade and integration and sub-regional cooperation between the member states of the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) and the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) and to provide landlocked Central African Republic (CAR) and Chad with better access to the Port of Douala. In early 2016, the Government of Cameroon requested the use of an Output Based Designated Force Account (OBDFA) to be executed by the Cameroon Army Corps of Engineers (ACE) in order to rehabilitate 212 km in a critical road corridor section, Mora – Dabanga – Kousseri, in the Far North Region of Cameroon. This exceptional implementation mechanism is justified due to the unstable security situation in this region as a result of on-going terrorist attacks by Boko Haram (BH). As an example, on May 16, 2014, BH attacked two World Bank (WB) financed road works sites including the Mora-Dabanga section and abducted several of the contractors’ workers. The road works were halted and have not resumed. The abducted workers were released unharmed on October 11, 2014. However, the contractors have claimed Force Majeure and the Government of Cameroon has terminated their contracts. The region is still considered to be insecure, fragile and volatile. In order to mitigate the risks associated with this exceptional approach, a comprehensive risk mitigation framework is being prepared and will need to be carefully implemented. A key input for the risk mitigation framework is an updated social assessment. The updated social assessment will also be used for: (a) the preparation of updated safeguards instruments (Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP), Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), Environmental and Social Impact Analysis (ESIA)); (b) the Collaboration Framework (CF) between the Ministry of Defense (MINDEF) and the Ministry of Public Works (MPW/MINTP); (c) the Financing Agreement (FA); and (d) the terms of reference (TOR) for the Third Party Monitoring (TPM) contract, which will be used to provide additional supervision and monitoring of project implementation. Updating the social assessment is in line with the World Bank vision for Sustainable Development. Social development and inclusion are critical for all of the World Bank’s development interventions. Projects should go beyond the “do no harm”. Within the parameters of a project, World Bank seeks to: Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 9 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 10 • Avoid or mitigate adverse impacts to people and the environment; • Maximize stakeholder engagement through enhanced consultation, participation and accountability. The World Bank appointed RIDEV, a local NGO to update the social assessment. This report presents the main results of the assessment. The key aim and activities of this study included: • To review the original safeguard instruments prepared for this project. • To update the relevant demographic, social, economic and cultural data regarding the population along the Mora-Dabanga-Kousseri road corridors as well as those who use it on a regular basis (approximate number, gender, economic activities, social indicators, nationality etc.). • To summarize relevant information regarding the UNHCR Minawao refugee camp and indicate how the Mora-Dabanga-Kousseri road segments are used (if at all) by the residents of the camp and/or the humanitarian groups and government agencies that provide goods and services to the camp. • To undertake a perception study (and relevant reports, e.g. report from Human Rights Watch) to determine how the local population along the Mora-Dabanga-Kousseri road perceive the Cameroon military in the project area in particular and the Far North region in general. • To review the Military Code of Justice and the Code of Conduct and the process for their enforcement as well as rules and enforcement practices applicable to military and civil personnel of ACE. • To prepare a stakeholder map that includes project-affected persons, groups that may be indirectly impacted by project activities and local actors that may have a role to play either during construction or road maintenance. • To list and provide an analysis of potential social risks that might result from project activities and the OBDFA approach. • To propose culturally appropriate and effective participatory and consultation platforms and mechanisms that are already in place and that could be used during project implementation for information-sharing, beneficiary feedback, capacity building, monitoring and as a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM). • To conduct an assessment of communication channels that are currently being used in the project area, Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 10 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 11 • To prepare a series of recommendations based on the information gathered that may also contribute to improving the social sustainability of this project This report include the following sections: • Project summary • Study approach and methodology • Description of the socio-economic baseline • Analysis of potential social risks that might result from project activities and the OBDFA approach. • Recommendations Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 11 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 12 II. PROJECT SUMMARY The Mora-Dabanga-Kousseri road is part of the Douala-Ndjamena corridor. The work to be performed includes rehabilitating the existing 2x1 roadway. The width of the platform will be of 10,0m. The technical and specific description of the work to be performed will be developed by the relevant departments of the Ministry of Public Works. Administratively, the project crosses the divisions of Mayo-Sava and Logone and Chari in the the Far North region of Cameroon. III. STUDY APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY The approach to the SIA study is based on the Western Cape Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning Guidelines for Social Impact Assessment (February 2007). These guidelines are based on international best practice. The key activities in the SIA process embodied in the guidelines include: • Describing and obtaining an understanding of the proposed intervention (type, scale, Location), the communities likely to be affected and determining the need and scope of the SIA; • Collecting baseline data on the current social environment and historical social trends Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 12 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 13 • Identifying and collecting data on the Social Impact Assessment variables and social change processes related to the proposed intervention. This requires consultation with affected individuals and communities; • Assessing and documenting the significance of social impacts associated with the proposed intervention; and • Identifying alternatives and mitigation measures. The methodology that was employed during the socio-economic assessment is outlined in the following sub-sections. The SIA was conducted through a combination of qualitative research methods, quantitative household surveys, and desktop study. A. DATA COLLECTION 1. Desktop review of relevant documentation A literature review of relevant reports and documentation pertaining to the project provided the context for the social assessment and afforded an initial understanding of the project area for fieldwork preparation. The following documents were reviewed at a desk-top level: • World Bank Environmental and Social framework. • Plan d’indemnisation et de recasement (PIR or PAR). • Code de justice militaire Camerounais. • Code d’instruction criminelle-Justice militaire. • Règlement de discipline des forces armées. • The impact of the World Bank funded Kamwenge-Kabarole road construction project on children (report). 2. Field work Primary data collection was undertaken between September 15 and 30, 2016. This included the collection of baseline demographic and socio-economic information through a standardized survey focusing on household composition, education levels, employment, income, assets and social infrastructures. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 13 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 14 Qualitative research was undertaken to compliment the quantitative data collection and gain contextual understanding of the social environment and the potential impact of the project. This took the form of eight focus group discussions that were held in the following villages: Doullo, Tayere, Double, Kangaleri, Waza, Zigague, Dabanga and Maltam. We also organized key informant interviews with administrative authorities (Governor, Senior Divisional Officer), mayors, and community leaders, other stakeholders including transporters, truck drivers, merchants, and elites. Discussions centered on the impact of the road rehabilitation project, perception of the army, administrative and hierarchical systems within the community, land ownership, and social concerns in relation the proposed development. Eight field workers (residents in Maroua and Mora) were trained and deployed to administer the survey questionnaire, assist with facilitation and translation during focus group discussions and interviews, and undertake qualitative research. Data was captured offsite using CS PRO 6.2, analyzed, and then used to describe and interpret the socio- economic and cultural environment for the project affected areas. 3. Limitations Because of insecurity along the Mora-Dabanga-Kousseri road, we required the escort of the armed forces. The presence of many soldiers probably influenced some of the answers provided by community members. However, in each village, we managed so that the soldiers will not be too close to the discussions sites. Moreover, the time allocated for conducting the assessment did not allow for a thorough and comprehensive assessment. The focus was on very specific issues related to the potential risk that might result from project activities and the OBDFA approach. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 14 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 15 IV. BASELINE SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT A. SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE: • All the 18 villages along the corridor are situated on both sides of the existing road. • Apart from Magdeme, Double, Waza, Dabanga, Maltam where there are houses built with cement, in the other villages houses are built with either mud or straw. • The size of the villages vary from just a couple of households (Moundou, Gambarou, Gogolum and Abuja) to large areas with more than 3,000 inhabitants. • Most of the villages lack basic social infrastructures including water, electricity, health centers. We conducted a survey in 290 household along the corridor; we interviewed 50 key informants. Following are some key indicators: Tableau 1: Répartition des enquêtés suivant le sexe du chef de ménage Effectifs (%) Masculin 270 93,1 Féminin 20 6,9 Total 290 100,0 Figure 1: Répartition des enquêtés suivant le sexe du chef de ménage 6.9% 93.1% Masculin Féminin Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 15 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 16 Tableau 2: Répartition des enquêtés suivant le niveau d'instruction du chef de ménage Effectifs (%) Niveau d’instruction du Chef de ménage sans niveau 164 63,1 Primaire 68 26,2 Secondaire 26 10,0 Supérieur 2 0,8 Total 260 100,0 Figure 2: Répartition des enquêtés suivant le niveau d'instruction du chef de ménage 70.0% 63.1% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 26.2% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 10.0% 0.8% 0.0% sans niveau Primaire Secondaire Supérieur Tableau 3: Répartition des enquêtés suivant la profession du chef de ménage Effectifs (%) Profession du Chef de ménage Cultivateur 147 59,3 Commerçant 75 30,2 fonctionnaire 5 2,0 pêche 2 0,8 autre 19 7,7 Total 248 100,0 Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 16 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 17 Figure 3: Répartition des enquêtés suivant la profession du chef de ménage 59.3% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.2% 30.0% 20.0% 7.7% 10.0% 2.0% 0.8% 0.0% Figure 4: Pourcentage des enquêtés propriétaire de terrain 6.4% Oui Non 93.6% Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 17 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 18 Figure 5: Type de maison bâtie 73.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 23.2% 30.0% 20.0% 1.2% 2.3% 10.0% 0.4% 0.0% Figure 6: Statut d'occupation 2.5% 1.7% 95.8% Propriétaire Locataire Logé par un ami / parent / employeurs Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 18 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 19 Figure 7: Niveau de vie des ménages 10.7% 7.8% 81.6% riche pauvre moyen Figure 8: Revenu mensuel des enquêtés 56.1% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 26.8% 30.0% 20.0% 10.2% 10.0% 3.7% 2.4% 0.8% 0.0% Moins de [38 500 , [50 000, [100 000, [ 150 000, 250 000 23 500 50 000 [ 100 000 [ 150 000 [ 250 000 [ Fcfa ou Fcfa plus Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 19 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 20 Figure 9: Source de revenu des enquêtés Rentes 0.6% migrants 1.2% Paiements d'assurance 3.4% logements et d'autres 5.7% Investissements/bénéfices 6.4% votre emploi 8.4% Entreprise 17.4% commerce/familiale 59.6% Agriculture 80.2% 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0%90.0% Figure 10: Besoin urgent en infrastructure COLLEGE/ECOLE 28.8% CENTRE DE SANTE /HOPITAL 27.7% EAU/FORAGE 24.5% ELECTRICITE 6.0% POSTE DE GENDARMERIE/POLICE 4.3% ROUTE 3.8% ROUVERTURE DES SERVICES PUBLICS 1.1% MARCHE 1.1% COUVERTURE 1.1% RENFORCE LE DEVELOPPEMENT AGRICOL 0.5% CONSTRUCTION DES BOUTIQUES 0.5% AUCUN 0.5% 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 20 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 21 B. COMMUNITY PROFILE: 1. VILLAGE DOULLO Activités menées : • Un focus group discussion • Identification de 53 ménages situés entre 5 et 10 m du bord de la route Quelques données : • Village situé à environ 5km de Mora • Ethnie : Mandara en majorité et quelques Kanouri • Principales activités : Agriculture et petit commerce. • Population : Environ 600 personnes (selon les habitants) • Religion : Islam • Infrastructures sociales : o Présence d’une école primaire à cycle complet, mais les enseignants ont tous déserté le village du fait de l’insécurité. o Le village dispose de 4 forages dont 02 sont en panne o Pas de centre de santé o Le village a un grenier communautaire mis en place dans le cadre du PSAD. o Le village a une grande et une petite mosquée • Le village a subi les attaques des BH ce qui a amené certains habitants à se réfugier à Mora. • Le président de la section RDPC, son épouse, son enfant et son beau-frère ont été égorgés par les BH en 2015. • Le chef du village réside beaucoup plus à Mora du fait de l’insécurité. • Selon certains habitants, il y aurait eu un recensement des personnes à exproprier et une liste serait disponible, mais nous n’avons pas pu y avoir accès. • Présence de nombreux arbres et de poteaux du réseau électrique à moins de 5m du bord de la chaussée. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 21 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 22 Perception par rapport à l’armée : • Lors du focus group, la majorité des participants disent avoir une bonne impression de l’armée. • Les populations ne font aucune différence entre le génie militaire et les autres corps. • Pendant une certaine période (non précisée) les personnes interrogées déclarent qu’elles ne pouvaient pas acheter des grandes quantités de denrées alimentaires à Mora ; l’armée les en aurait empêché sous le prétexte que ces denrées étaient en fait destinées à approvisionner les BH. Nous n’avons pas pu vérifier ces informations. • Les populations estiment que c’est une très bonne option de faire réaliser les travaux de réhabilitation par l’armée ; cela va sécuriser le village. Principaux mécanismes de remontée du feedback des populations : • Les plaintes sont déposées chez le chef de village. Canaux de communication : • Bouche à oreille • Téléphone • Radio Quelques attentes des populations : • Recrutement des jeunes du village lors de la réalisation des travaux. • Doter l’école en personnel. • Réparation des forages en panne. Le forage situé devant la grande mosquée • Construction d’un centre de santé. est à environ 5m du bord de la route Quelques craintes : • Que les militaires chargés des travaux de réhabilitation ne leur arrachent leurs femmes et filles. • Que les personnes qui seront déguerpies soient recasées dans les zones reculées du village alors qu’elles étaient en bordure de route. Enfant présentant probablement des signes éventuels de malnutrition Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 22 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 23 2. VILLAGE TAYERE Activités menées : • Focus group discussion • Recensement de 46 ménages Quelques données sur le village : Ethnie : Mandara et Kanouri Religion : Musulmane Principales activités : Agriculture et petit commerce. Population : Environ 1000 personnes (selon les habitants interrogés) Situation sociale : • Il existe une école; elle est fermée car les enseignants et les élèves ont déserté à cause de l’insécurité. • A cause de l’insécurité, plusieurs habitants dormiraient dans les montagnes et regagneraient le village en journée. • Le village compte de nombreux jeunes parmi lesquels certains ont fréquenté l’enseignement secondaire. Ces jeunes sont sans emploi. • Pas de centre de santé. • Il existe une fédération de producteurs de coton (avec un bâtiment qui abrite les bureaux). • Il existe un GIC qui dispose d’un bâtiment pour le bureau. • Le village a deux puits dont un est utilisé et un forage. Plusieurs femmes préfèrent utiliser le puits au lieu du forage. • Le village a subi plusieurs attaques des BH. Le bureau de la Fédération des planteurs a été particulièrement visé et les traces des balles sont visibles. • Plusieurs constructions (pour la majorité des boutiques) situées sur l’emprise de la route ont été marquées d’une croix, indiquant qu’elles seront détruites ; Personne n’a expliqué aux populations concernées de quoi il était question. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 23 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 24 • La petite mosquée du village porte également une croix. Perception par rapport à l’armée • Lors du focus group, la majorité des participants disent avoir une bonne impression de l’armée. • Les populations ne font aucune différence entre le génie militaire et les autres corps. • Selon les personnes interviewées, l’armée aurait interdit les achats de grandes quantités de denrées, car elle soupçonnerait les populations de ravitailler les BH. Nous n’avons pas pu vérifier ces informations. • Les populations estiment que c’est une très bonne option de faire réaliser les travaux de réhabilitation par l’armée ; cela va sécuriser le village Principaux mécanismes de remontée du feedback des populations : • Les plaintes sont déposées chez le chef de village. Canaux de communication : • Bouche à oreille • Téléphone • Radio Petite Mosquée Quelques attentes des populations : • Recrutement des jeunes du village lors de la réalisation des travaux. • Construction d’un centre de santé. • Renforcement de la sécurité Quelques craintes :Accidents de la route Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 24 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 25 3. VILLAGE MOUNDOU Activités menées : • Recensement de 6 ménages Quelques données sur le village : Ethnie : Mandara en majorité Religion : Musulmane Principales activités : Agriculture Population : Environ 20 ménages Situation sociale : • Village très pauvre • Le village n’a jamais subi des attaques des BH car disent-ils aucun de leur fils n’a rallié les rangs de cette secte. • Pas de points d’eau • Pas d’école • Pas de centre de santé Perception par rapport à l’armée • Très bonne ; ils apprécient le fait que ce soit l’armée qui réalise les travaux car cela garantit que ces travaux seront menés jusqu’au bout. Principaux mécanismes de remontée du feedback des populations : • Les plaintes sont déposées chez le chef de village. 4. VILLAGE MAGDEME Activités menées : • Recensement de 13 ménages Quelques données sur le village : Ethnie : Exclusivement Kanouri Religion : Musulmane Principales activités : Agriculture et petit commerce. Population : Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 25 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 26 Situation sociale : • L’armée aurait mené une opération pour anéantir les BH et aurait arrêté une centaine de jeunes. Nous n’avons eu aucun élément tangible pour confirmer ces informations. • La population est constituée en grande majorité des adultes (plus de 60 ans), des adolescents et des femmes. La majorité des jeunes a quitté le village soit pour fuir les BH, soit pour ne pas se faire prendre par l’armée. • Le chef du village a fui et s’est réfugié à Mora, • Le village donne une impression de village abandonné avec plusieurs habitations inoccupées. • Le village a une mosquée construite en parpaings et non crépie. • Des constructions portent des croix indiquant qu’elles seront détruites ; • Le village a une forêt communautaire à l’abandon. • Il existe un marché mais qui est également abandonné. • Le centre de santé est situé à DOUBLE, village voisin (1km). Perception par rapport à l’armée • Les personnes rencontrées disent avoir une bonne perception de l’armée. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 26 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 27 5. VILLAGE DOUBLE Activités menées : • Focus group discussion • Recensement de 22 ménages Quelques données sur le village : Ethnie : Exclusivement Kanouri Religion : Musulmane Principales activités : Agriculture et commerce. Population : Plus de 2000 personnes (selon les habitants) Situation sociale : • Par le passé, le village était un centre économique très important ; le bureau de gestion du fret réalisait de recettes journalières estimées en million de francs CFA. • Le commerce était très florissant ; les commerçants s’approvisionnaient à Banki et revendait de tout y compris les appareils électroniques, l’électroménager, les vêtements etc… • Tous les jeunes avaient une activité économique car DOUBLE était un point d’arrêt pour les camions et les cars de transport. • DOUBLE a été baptisé « Petit Paris ». • DOUBLE avait un poste de police qui a été fermé à la suite des attaques répétées des BH. • Quelques jeunes élèves que nous avons interrogés souhaitent la réouverture de cette école. • Selon quelques personnes interrogées, plusieurs jeunes ont fui pour s’installer dans d’autres villes (Mora, Maroua etc…) Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 27 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 28 • L’activité économique a fortement chuté et de nombreux jeunes sont sans emploi. • Le détachement de l’armée dit nourrir au moins une centaine d’orphelins chaque jour. Ces orphelins sont abandonnés à eux-mêmes et passent la journée à mendier auprès de véhicules qui traversent le village. • Le village dispose d’un centre de santé sur son territoire mais qui est en fait destiné au village Magdémé. • Le village dispose d’un puits. • Des constructions sur l’emprise de la route y compris une mosquée ont été marquées d’une croix par l’entreprise chinoise. Perception par rapport à l’armée : • Les personnes interrogées disent souhaiter que l’armée réalise les travaux de réhabilitation de la route. Nous avons observé de bons rapports entre les militaires installés dans le village et les populations. Principaux mécanismes de remontée du feedback des populations : • Les plaintes sont déposées chez le chef de village. Canaux de communication : • Bouche à oreille • Téléphone • Radio Quelques attentes des populations : • Que la route favorise la reprise des activités économiques • Réhabilitation des forages • Réhabilitation du réseau électrique • Aide alimentaire • Réouverture de l’école primaire. • Reprise de l’activité économique • Recrutement des jeunes du village lors de la réalisation des travaux. • Construction d’un centre de santé. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 28 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 29 6. VILLAGE GAMBAROU Activités menées : • Visite du village et échanges avec la population. Quelques données sur le village : Ethnie : Exclusivement Kanouri Religion : Musulmane Principales activités : Agriculture Population : Quelques familles (une vingtaine); la population est composée de vieillards de femmes et de jeunes enfants. Les jeunes ont déserté le village. Situation sociale : • Pas d’eau potable • Pas d’électricité • Pas d’école • Le village a subi les attaques des BH, ces derniers ont brulé un camion de vivres et des cases. • Tout le monde vit dans la peur. Perception de l’armée : • Bonne ; les personnes interrogées disent faire confiance à l’armée. Elles estiment que c’est une bonne idée de confier la réalisation de la route à l’armée.. Canaux de communication : • Bouche à oreille Craintes des populations : • Aucune, le projet de la route est très important pour la sécurité. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 29 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 30 7. VILLAGE TCHAKARMARI Activités menées : • Recensement de 11 ménages Quelques données sur le village : Ethnie : Exclusivement Kanouri Religion : Musulmane Principales activités : Agriculture et petit commerce Situation sociale : • Pas d’électricité • L’école a été fermée à cause de l’insécurité. • Pas de centre de santé • Le village a un forage • L’iman du village a été tué par les BH • Le village a un comité de vigilance bien organisé mais qui se dit abandonné par les autorités. Perception par rapport à l’armée : • Les personnes interrogées ont une bonne image de l’armée Principaux mécanismes de remontée du feedback des populations : • Les plaintes sont déposées chez le chef de village. Canaux de communication : • Bouche à oreille • Téléphone Quelques attentes des populations : • Connexion au réseau électrique • Réouverture de l’école primaire. • Recrutement des jeunes du village lors de la réalisation des travaux. • Construction d’un centre de santé. Quelques craintes : • Pas de craintes. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 30 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 31 8. VILLAGE KANGALERI Activités menées • Focus group discussion • Recensement de 28 ménages Quelques données sur le village : Ethnie : Kanouri et Arabes choa Religion : Majorité musulman et quelques chrétiens Population : Près de 3000 personnes (selon l’estimation du chef de poste militaire) Principale activité : Agriculture, vente de bois de chauffage, petit commerce. Situation sociale : • Le village a un puits situé à 5km du village en saison de pluies. En saison sèche, le seul point d’eau est situé à près de 14 km. • Pas de centre de santé. • L’école est fermée • Pas d’électricité. • Le village a une petite mosquée • Le village subit régulièrement des attaques des BH. Avant l’installation du détachement de militaires. • Le village a deux chefs. Le chef principal a perdu 07 de ses enfants dans une attaque des BH ; lui-même a été blessé à la jambe à la suite d’une explosion « kamikaze » et il se déplace avec des béquilles. • Le village a un comité de vigilance de près de 30 membres très motivés et déterminés. • Les populations se sentent abandonnées par les autorités qu’elles ne voient selon elles que pendant les périodes d’élection Perception par rapport à l’armée : • Les personnes interrogées ont une bonne image de l’armée • L’armée ravitaille les populations en eau potable. Elle transporte également les malades vers les centres de santé à Mora. • Il y a une bonne collaboration entre le comité de vigilance et l’armée. • Le chef principal et les personnes interrogées disent que c’est une bonne idée que la route soit réhabilitée par l’armée. Les populations ne font pas de différence entre le génie militaire et les autres corps. Principaux mécanismes de remontée du feedback des populations : • Les plaintes sont déposées chez le chef de village. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 31 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 32 Canaux de communication : • Bouche à oreille • Téléphone (une grande majorité des habitants ont un téléphone portable bien qu’il n’y ait pas d’électricité). Quelques attentes des populations : • Connexion au réseau électrique • Réouverture de l’école primaire. • Recrutement des jeunes du village lors de la réalisation des travaux. • Construction d’un centre de santé. Quelques craintes : • Pas de craintes. 9. VILLAGE KANGAROUA Activités menées • Recensement de 07 ménages Quelques données sur le village : Ethnies : Arabes choa, Ouldomé, Peul et une famille Kanouri Religion : Musulmane et chrétienne Population : Environ une centaine Principales activités : Pêche, agriculture, élevage et petit commerce. Situation sociale • Pas d’eau potable • Pas d’électricité • Pas d’école Perception par rapport à l’armée : • Les personnes interrogées ont une bonne image de l’armée Principaux mécanismes de remontée du feedback des populations : • Les plaintes sont déposées chez le prince. Canaux de communication : • Bouche à oreille Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 32 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 33 • Téléphone Quelques attentes des populations : • Connexion au réseau électrique • Réouverture de l’école primaire. • Recrutement des jeunes du village lors de la réalisation des travaux. • Construction d’un centre de santé. Quelques craintes : • Pas de craintes. • Pas de centre de santé 10. WAZA Activités menées : • Un focus group discussion Quelques données sur le village : Waza est une localité semi-urbaine. Par le passé, Waza était une destination très privilégié des touristes qui venaient visiter le Parc. Population : 5 646 habitants (recensement BUCREP 2005) Ethnies : Kotoko, arabe, Kanouri, peul, Moundan, Mandara et les Mousgoum qui sont les autochtones. Religion : Islam et Christianisme Situation sociale : • Existence des camps des réfugiés et déplacés venant du Nigeria Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 33 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 34 • Le village est situé à 12 km du Nigeria dont le premier village est KALAGOUKOU • 15 chefs de villages avec leur population entière ont trouvé refuge à Waza à cause de l’insécurité. • Présence de la carrière des chinois utilisée comme camp du BIR actuellement ; • Présence d’écoles primaires. Cependant, on note une absence d’établissements secondaires. • Un recensement des biens situés sur l’emprise de la route a été fait il y a environ 2 ans par les services du cadastre et les listes de personnes recensées se trouvent à la Mairie. • Les employés chinois chargés de réhabiliter la route ont été enlevés le 16 mai 2014 dans cette ville. • La situation sécuritaire a entrainé un arrêt des principales activités économiques ; ainsi la majorité des jeunes du village sont sans emploi et sans revenus. • 04 mosquées sont sur l’emprise de la route. • La ville a subi deux attaques kamikazes qui ont entraîné la mort de 9 personnes. • La population pratique de l’agriculture, de la pêche, de l’élevage et de la chasse. • Le marché hebdomadaire a disparu pour l’insécurité. • On enregistre une flambée des prix des denrées alimentaires de première nécessité. Perception de l’armée • Les personnes ayant participé au focus group disent avoir de bonnes relations avec l’armée. • Le BIR a établi une base militaire sur le site de la carrière qui était exploitée par les chinois pour la construction de la route et une seconde base dans le camp qui servait d’hébergement aux chinois. Les engins (camions, niveleuses etc…) utilisés par les chinois sont parqués dans ce camp. • Waza a un commissariat de police et une compagnie de gendarmerie. • Les populations interrogées ne font pas de différence entre le génie militaire et les autres corps de l’armée. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 34 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 35 Principaux mécanismes de communication et de remontée du feedback des populations • La population obtient les informations par voie de téléphone, radio, télévision, et le bouche à oreille. • Quant à leurs différends, elle s’adresse au chef du village communément appelé Blama. Quelques attentes des populations : • Multiplier les points d’eau car tout l’arrondissement compte un puits et lorsqu’il ya délestage le bidon de 25l coûte 50F et en période normale il coûte 25 F. • Création d’un établissement d’enseignement secondaire Technique. • Affectation des enseignants. • Création d’une micro finance. 11. VILLAGE ZIGAGUE Activités menées : • Un focus group discussion Quelques données sur le village : Population : Environ 3000 habitants selon les personnes interrogées. Ethnies : Kotoko, arabe, et les Mousgoum Religion : islam et christianisme Village situé à 40 km de waza Situation sociale : • Il existe dans le village un camp de réfugiés venus du Nigéria. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 35 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 36 • Toutes les écoles primaires sont fermées. • Le village a un centre de santé lequel à un forage avec château. • Village sans électricité malgré l’existence des poteaux électriques • La population vit principalement de la pêche et de l’élevage • L’agriculture est freinée car les éléphants viennent souvent dévaster les produits agricoles. • Le village était un site où les « coupeurs de route » étaient très actifs. Perception de l’armée • Présence d’une brigade de gendarmerie • Les populations interrogées disent avoir de bonnes relations avec l’armée. Moyens de communication et voies de plaintes • La population acquiert les informations par voie de téléphone, radio, télévision, et le bouche à oreille. Il y a des pylônes des opérateurs de téléphonie MTN, Orange et Nextel implantés dans le village. • Quant à leurs différends, elle s’adresse au chef du village communément appelé Blama. 12. VILLAGE TILDE Activités menées • Actualisation du recensement des populations sur l’emprise de la route. Quelques données sur le village : Population : Ethnie : Kotoko. Religion : Majorité musulmane Le village est situé à 12 km de Maltam. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 36 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 37 Situation sociale : • Existence du camp des réfugiés et déplacés venant de Goulfo, Dougoumou, Afadé et de Dagué. • Il n’y a jamais eu d’attaque des BH dans ce village. • Présence de la carrière des chinois. • La déviation du pont qui va être faite va détruire les maisons, une mosquée, un point d’eau et un lieu sacré de la population • Un recensement des biens à détruire a été fait il y a environ 4 ans par les chinois. • 3 personnes ont été indemnisées notamment celles dont leurs champs sont situés sur la voie de déviation. • Le village vit de la pêche, de l’agriculture et du petit commerce autour du gombo sauvage. • Nous notons la présence d’une petite « salle de cinéma » où les jeunes regardent des films. Perception de l’armée • La population a une bonne perception de l’armée et entretien de bonnes relations avec elle. • Elle ne connait pas le génie militaire. Moyens de communication et remontée du feedback des populations • La population s’informe principalement par le téléphone, la radio, et le bouche à oreille. • Les plaintes sont adressées au chef du village qui les examine avec ses notables. Quelques attentes des populations : • Création d’un centre de santé. • Construction des points d’eau potable. • Une bonne réhabilitation de la route et sa sécurisation. • Recrutement des jeunes du village dans le projet • Elargissement à deux voies du pont El beid Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 37 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 38 13. VILLAGE MALTAM Activités menées : Focus group discussion Quelques données sur le village : Maltam est une localité située dans la commune de Makary, le département du Logone-et-Chari et la Région de l'Extrême-Nord, à proximité de la frontière avec le Tchad. En juillet 1990, un différend foncier donne lieu à un affrontement meurtrier entre les Kotoko de Maltam et les habitants d'un hameau voisin, Maïnabou, principalement des Arabes Choa. Lors de l’offensive des forces rebelles sur N'Djaména en février 2008, des milliers de réfugiés tchadiens sont d'abord accueillis à Kousséri, puis transférés vers un camp permanent à Maltam. Le 1er juillet 2015, un camion transportant du riz a été attaqué par les BH entre Maltam et Tildé. Population : 1521 habitants selon le recensement de 2005 (BUCREP) Ethnie : arabe choas, haoussa, kotoko, peuls. Religion : majorité musulmane, quelques chrétiens. Situation sociale : • Présence des réfugiés et déplacés venant du Nigeria et du Tchad voisins. • La ville est marqué une forte présence des jeunes désœuvrés. • La ville est un grand carrefour qui s’ouvre sur les villages Fotokol, Makary, Goulfey etc… • La situation sécuritaire a entraîné un arrêt des activités économiques ; par ailleurs les populations ne peuvent pas cultiver sereinement leurs champs à cause de la menace des BH. • L’afflux des réfugiés a entrainé une pénurie et une flambée des prix des denrées de première nécessité. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 38 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 39 • Le côté droit de la route en venant de Kousseri est occupé par une rangée de boutiques et de petits commerces. Les boutiques qui se trouvaient sur le côté gauche ont été dé truites lors de la construction de la route. • Un recensement des biens sur l’emprise de la route a été fait il y a environ 4 ans par les chinois. • Présence d’une école primaire mais qui ne fonctionne plus pour les raisons sécuritaires ; • Les points d’eau (5 forages) sont en panne. • De nombreuses agences humanitaires interviennent ans le village. Perception de l’armée • Les personnes interrogées disent avoir une bonne perception de l’armée et entretiennent de bonnes relations avec celle-ci. • Les personnes interrogées ne font pas de différence entre le génie militaire et les autres corps de l’armée ; toutefois, elles pensent que les camerounais ne seront pas en mesure de réaliser les travaux de bonne qualité comme les chinois. Moyens de communication et mécanisme de remontée du feedback des populations. • Les principaux moyens de communication utilisés sont le téléphone, la radio, la télévision et le bouche à oreille. • Les plaintes sont adressées au chef du village. Quelques attentes des populations : • Dotation du centre de santé et de l’école en personnels ; • Création d’un établissement d’enseignement secondaire. • Une bonne réhabilitation de la route et sa sécurisation. • Construction/réhabilitation des points d’eau. • Recrutement des jeunes du village dans le projet. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 39 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 40 14. VOIE DE CONTOURNEMENT KOUSSERI Activités menées • Focus group discussion • Recensement des ménages Quelques données sur la zone : Population : ethnie : arabe choas, haoussa, kotoko. Présence des réfugiés, déplacés. Religion : majorité musulmane, quelques chrétiens. Quartiers : blama abakar, ngoumati, alaaya, mawack, quartier forêt, michedire, ibou, ngalou, parpar, carrefour semry. Principales activités : Petit commerce. Situation sociale : • Présence de cinq écoles primaires ; • Nombre important de forages tout au long de la route (Au total 22) ; • La route est marécageuse et cette situation perdure chaque année pendant 3 à 5 mois ; • Elle est longue d’environ 7 kilomètre allant du carrefour de la douane jusqu’au carrefour SEMRY ; • Trois ponts sont en projets abandonnés par les chinois depuis. Sur cette route, on note l’existence d’un grand site de reboisement composé des neemiers ; • De même, trois camions ont été abandonnés précisément au quartier blama abakar ; • Il convient de souligner une absence des latrines dans la quasi-totalité des maisons recensées. Par conséquent, les occupants défèquent en plein air ; • A Amichédire, on note la présence d’un centre de sante intégré et une base de Médecins Sans frontières. • Le mauvais état de la route entraine une flambée des prix des denrées de première nécessité et augment l’insécurité. Perception de l’armée • Les personnes interrogées ont une bonne perception de l’armée mais pessimiste quant à la bonne réalisation du projet jugeant que l’armée est moins performante par rapport aux chinois. Toutefois, la présence de la base du BIR au quartier SEMRY leur est réconfortante. • Pas de connaissance en rapport au Génie Militaire Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 40 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 41 Moyens de communication et mécanisme de remontée du feedback des populations. • La population acquiert les informations par voie de téléphone, radio, télévision, bouche à oreilles. • Quant à leurs différends, elle s’adresse au chef du village communément appelé Blama, djaouro ou sultan. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 41 S OF POTENTIAL PROJECT IMPACT STAKEHOLDER MAP Impact Influence What is Concerns How could the How could the Strategy for important to stakeholder stakeholder engaging the How much How much the contribute to block the stakeholder does the influence do stakeholder? the project? project? project they have over impact them? the project? (Low, (Low, Medium, Medium, High) High) High Low Get a fair They don’t Voice out their Participate in Organize compensation know who to concerns sabotage of the meetings to talk to work clarify all the Get a land new issues. the road High low Rehabilitation Report issues Participate in Communication of the road related to the sabotage of the Community project work Job meetings opportunities High Low Have a job They don’t Mobilize their Participate in Communication know where peers sabotage of the Community to get the work meetings information CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 43 Stakeholder Impact Influence What is Concerns How could the How could the Strategy for Name important to stakeholder stakeholder engaging the How much How much the contribute to block the stakeholder does the influence do stakeholder? the project? project? project they have over impact them? the project? (Low, (Low, Medium, Medium, High) High) Women High Low Easy access to Be allowed to Participate in Support Boko Information markets sell their community Haram and feedback products to meetings members meetings the workers Voice out their (food, etc…) concerns Elites High Medium High quality of The genie Communicate Demobilization Information the militaire is with other of communities and feedback rehabilitation not qualified stakeholders to meetings work. for the work express their support for the project. Council (Mora, High Low High quality of They hope the Communicate Information Waza,) the council will with other and feedback rehabilitation get some stakeholders meetings work. financial resource from Improve the Mobilize security in the exploitation communities area. of the gravel by the genie militaire Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 43 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 44 Stakeholder Impact Influence What is Concerns How could the How could the Strategy for Name important to stakeholder stakeholder engaging the How much How much the contribute to block the stakeholder does the influence do stakeholder? the project? project? project they have over impact them? the project? (Low, (Low, Medium, Medium, High) High) Increased incomes through taxes. Government High High High quality of Security of Provide Administrative Meetings officials ( the the workers technical bottlenecks Governor, rehabilitation information SDO, DO) work. Mobilize Improve security forces security in the Mobilize area. communities Increased incomes through taxes. Army High High High quality of Get Guarantee Don’t protect Information the information security of the the workers and feedback rehabilitation on security workers meetings work. threats on time Improve security in the area. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 44 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 45 Stakeholder Impact Influence What is Concerns How could the How could the Strategy for Name important to stakeholder stakeholder engaging the How much How much the contribute to block the stakeholder does the influence do stakeholder? the project? project? project they have over impact them? the project? (Low, (Low, Medium, Medium, High) High) Comité de High Low Improved Get adequate Collaborate Collaborate Provide vigilance security resources to with the army with Boko resources for do their job (share Haram their job information) Information and feedback meetings Transporters High Low Spend less time Police Collaborate Information and car owners on the road harassment with the army and feedback meetings Spend less money on car Boko Haram repairs and threat breakdowns Truck drivers High Low Spend less time Boko Haram Respect the Information on the road threat norms and feedback (overloading)to meetings Improve Police avoid the security of their harassment destruction of luggage the road Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 45 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 46 Stakeholder Impact Influence What is Concerns How could the How could the Strategy for Name important to stakeholder stakeholder engaging the How much How much the contribute to block the stakeholder does the influence do stakeholder? the project? project? project they have over impact them? the project? (Low, (Low, Medium, Medium, High) High) Merchants High Low Spend less time Police Communicate Information on the road harassment with other and feedback stakeholders meetings Improve Boko Haram security of their threats Collaborate luggage with the army Support the project team Traditional High Medium Get involved in Less Communicate Collaborate Information leaders the consideration with other with Boko and feedback management of from the stakeholders Haram meetings social aspects administrative Collaborate of the project ( authorities with the army RAP, Job recruitment, Support the conflict project team management) Religious high high Avoid They are not Communicate Influence Information leaders destruction of involved in with other community and feedback mosque the project. stakeholders; meetings Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 46 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 47 Stakeholder Impact Influence What is Concerns How could the How could the Strategy for Name important to stakeholder stakeholder engaging the How much How much the contribute to block the stakeholder does the influence do stakeholder? the project? project? project they have over impact them? the project? (Low, (Low, Medium, Medium, High) High) Voice out their participation concerns. in the project. Participate in Collaborate decision making with Boko Haram CSOs High Medium Respect of There are few Community Mobilize the Information Human rights spaces for mobilization media and feedback community meetings Community participation. participation Promote citizen High quality of engagement Grants to the They lack implement rehabilitation resources to community work. implement mobilization projects projects. Improve security in the Grants to area. implement community development projects. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 47 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 48 Stakeholder Impact Influence What is Concerns How could the How could the Strategy for Name important to stakeholder stakeholder engaging the How much How much the contribute to block the stakeholder does the influence do stakeholder? the project? project? project they have over impact them? the project? (Low, (Low, Medium, Medium, High) High) Development High High Promote Security Provide Stop funding Transparent agencies development technical and and clear Good financial communication governance support Private sector High Low Reach more Access to Support Information clients on the markets community meetings. (Telephone corridor mobilization companies, activities breweries, Organize Security etc…) maintenance work on their infrastructures and equipment It should be noted that few NGOs (national and international) work along the corridor. This is due to the security issue. However, we contacted and talked to more than 15 leaders of national NGOs who are active in the far north region; most of them are ready to work in the villages along the corridor. Many of them are active in the Mayo Tsanaga division, especially in the Minawao refugee camp. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 48 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 49 B. STAKEHODER ALLEGIANCE FOR THE USE OF THE OBDFA APPROACH CATEGORIES ADVOCATES FOLLOWERS INDIFFERENT BLOCKERS OPONENTS DEFINITION • Group driving the Have a low Individual or Shows Has high project/change understanding of groups yet to take a resistance to the understanding • Keep regularly involved project aims and definitive position project or its but low objectives on the project aims. agreement to the Principally due project to having a low understanding and low agreement GROUPS Genie Militaire Community members • Some elites • Some elites MINTP in the rural areas • Some key • Some key informants informants (teachers, CSOs,) Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 49 C. ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNICATION CHANNELS In most of the villages along the corridor, people get information from word to mouth and through mobile phones. We noticed that almost all the communities were informed that the assessment team will come to their village. This information was spread out from word to mouth starting in the villages we first visited. Along the Mora-Waza section of the road, the distance between the villages is not very long. (Average 6km). Despite the lack of electricity in many villages, most of the households have at least one mobile phone. They use small solar panel to charge their phone and this is an income generating activity. They get information from their relatives who are in large cities including Mora, Maroua and Kousseri through phones. A part from calls, very few people use other applications such as whatsapp, and sms. The following chart represents the percentage of community members who use a mobile phone. Figure 11: Possession des appareils électroniques 76.8% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 42.9% 40.0% 25.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 4.1% 0.0% téléphone poste radio TV Ordinateur 51 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment Figure 12: Mode de réception des informations officielles CRTV/radio chef du village/canton tradionnelements téléphone et traditionnelement pas d'infos bouche à orielle téléphone par les militaires 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0% 40.0% During the assessment, most of the people we interviewed were informed about the project. However, they had no specific information. They complain that information related to the project are not accessible to the general public. The key concerns are: • The type of work that will be implemented: They asked what “rehabilitation of the road” means. Is it constructing a brand new road or just fixing the very bad sections of the existing road? • The timeframe of the project: Many people say they have been waiting for this project for years. Their hope is that work will start very soon. • The quality of the road: Almost all the people we interviewed insisted on the quality of the road. They expect a high quality. • The compensation process: Who are those in charge and how is the process organized? Their expectations is that the process will be very transparent and equitable. • Job opportunities: Who is in charge of recruiting the workers? How is it organized? There is a community radio in Mora, Mayo Sava FM. Their signal reaches some neighboring villages including Doullo, Tayere, and often Magdeme. Unfortunately they have regular breakdowns. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 51 52 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment Figure 13: Principales attentes liberation des enfants pris par l'armée 0.5% DEVELOPPEMENT DU VILLAGE 1.4% DEVELOPPEMENT DU COMMERCE 1.4% aucune attente 1.4% REDUCTION DE INSECURITE 2.4% multiplier les dos danne 2.4% être indemnisé 2.8% CENTRE DE SANTE /HOPITAL 2.8% RESPECT DES DELAI 3.8% aide alimentaires/nourriture 4.3% ELECTRICITE 5.2% EAU/FORAGE 7.6% COLLEGE/ECOLE 11.8% recrutement des jeunes 25.1% avoir une belle route 27.0% 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% D. ASSESSMENT OF CITIZEN ENGAGEMENT Based on answers provided by community members during focus group discussion and interviews it appears that the main channel used to convey their complaints and grievances are the traditional leaders. All the villages we visited have the same social organization. At the head of the village there is a chief assisted by a group of notables. The chief is in charge of managing the community affairs and liaise with government authorities. The chief inherit their power from their father. In some villages, the lead chief is assisted by quarter chiefs. Citizen engagement can be define as the “two-way interaction between citizens on the one hand, which include organized civil society and the private sector, and governments on the other, in a way that gives citizens a stake in decision -making processes, with the objective of improving development.” In the villages along the corridor, mechanisms for accountability are still very weak. When people are victims of abuses either from the army or other government officials, they don’t know how to claim for their rights. Their priority is to get something to eat and feed their families. They seem to be powerless in front of officials. An example of this is related to the compensation mechanisms for the people directly affected by the project. None of the people we interviewed had clear information on the Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 52 53 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment process. None of the community initiated an action to have access to the information on the process. There are many water points that are not functioning in the villages. None of the communities reported to the council to have the water point fixed or initiated a community action to address this issue. Citizen engagement activities such as satisfaction surveys, report cards, citizen’s jury, budget monitoring, participatory planning etc…are still inexistent in these villages. There are few civil society organizations and development agencies that work in the villages along the corridor. Some of the actors we met on the field are: INTERSOS, CADEPI, and IOM. The World Food program operates in some villages on the Waza-Kousseri section. (Waza, Maltam). In Doullo and Magdeme, we saw two community project funded by the European Union. Because of insecurity, these projects have been stopped. The existing spaces for open participation we identified are: • Meetings with the village chiefs. Usually people sit on a mat under the shade of a tree. They spend hours talking about community issues. • Meetings at the mosque after the prayer: people gather on the porch of the mosque and discuss community matters. • Meetings convened by government authorities: These meeting are organized when there is an information the authorities want to share with the population. The power hierarchy does not allow encourage open and free discussion. • Figure 14: Méthode utilisée pour formuler des plaintes contre les individus Chef du village/canton/quartier 51.0% traditionnelements 26.7% Police/Gendamerie 15.0% AUCUNE IDEE 6.3% autorités administratives 1.0% 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 53 54 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment Figure 15: Méthode utilisée pour formuler des plaintes contre les agents publics il n'ai pas des route pour ce plaindre,… c'est seulement personnel, pas assez… autorités administratives AUCUNE IDEE Police/Gendamerie traditionnelements Chef du village/canton/quartier 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% Figure 16: Méthodes de prise de décisions dans la communauté si c'est la sécurité c'est le cossite… 0.3% Police/Gendamerie 0.3% imposition 0.3% décision avec les militaires 0.7% l'Administration 6.9% Chef du village/canton/quartier 30.3% ASSEMBLE GENERALE 32.1% 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 54 55 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment Figure 17: Autorités les plus respectées delegue 0.5% l'IMAM 1.9% boulama patriarches 1.9% chef de canton 4.2% Police/Gendamerie/Millitaire 7.1% le prefet/Sous-prefet 8.0% CHE DE QUARTIER 11.8% chef du village 64.6% 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% E. PERCEPTION OF THE ARMY • Most people we interviewed said they have a good perception of the army. • During the field work we noticed that many children and women always stand on the side of the road and great the soldiers of our escort. The soldiers usually distribute candies and cookies to the kids. It looks like the army is building a sound relationship with the population. In Double, there are many orphans and widows. The soldiers share their food with orphans on a daily basis. In Kangaleri, access to potable water is a serious issues; the soldiers get water from neighboring villages and give it to households. • In rural areas, people do not know the different branches of the army. They see no difference between Genie Militaire and other sections. They consider them as defense and security forces. • In urban areas, the people we interviewed said overall they have a good perception of the army. However, from time to time there are some abuses by some soldiers on citizens. The main issue is the overuse of power and violence against citizens, especially women. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 55 56 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment Figure 18: Perception de la population concernant l'armée Mauvaise perception 0.5% excellent travail 0.5% assez bon travail 1.1% ne sait pas 1.6% Abus d'autorité/arrachent les femmes 4.8% TRES BIEN 5.3% SECURITE DES POPULATIONS 13.3% l'armée nous protege 18.1% bonne perception 54.8% 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% F. POTENTIAL RISKS RELATED TO THE OBDFA APPROACH In rural areas, people do not differentiate between Genie Militaire and other sections of the army. Thus in case of human rights abuses, it would be difficult to distinguish what section of the army is concerned. 1. HUMAN RIGHTS Abuses by soldiers Some key informants we interviewed in Mora said that army soldiers have very poor relations with citizens. The main issues they listed are: • Violence: Some soldiers usually beat people especially women in community. • Alcohol abuse: When soldiers are drunk they become very violent. • Overuse of their power: Some soldiers do not pay for the goods their purchase; • Sexual assault: Women are considered to be the first victims of soldiers. Anti-terrorism law: In 2014, Cameroon adopted a new anti-terrorism law. The government said that the law is necessary to contain the spread of Boko Haram. However, the media, opposition parties, civil society and human rights organizations have criticized this law, fearing that it will restrict the freedom of speech and demonstration. Under the law, acts of terrorism will carry the death penalty. The law also gives a vague definition of an “act of terrorism”, which is said to include not only kidnapping with terrorist intent, financing terrorism or recruiting for terrorist organizations, but also “any activity which can lead to a general revolt of the population or disturb the normal functioning of the country.” Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 56 57 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment Furthermore, the project area is allegedly considered by the government as a war zone. This could lead to some abuses if the Geneva treaty is not well enforced and monitored. 2. Cultural behaviors: From Mora to Maltam, we did not see any “bar” along the way. Alcohol seems not to be part of the culture. This could be linked with the fact that most preeminent religion in these villages is Islam. From general observation, it is considered that many soldiers drink alcohol. Introducing alcohol in the villages could lead to a change in the social heritage of the villages. G. MITIGATION OF THE RISK RELATED TO THE OBDFA APPROACH • The Genie militaire should organize a training for all the staff that will be involved in the project. This training will focus on the following topics as well as any other relevant topic: o Human rights. (International standards and national laws). o Code of conduct for military. o Code of ethics. o Collaboration with citizens in a “war zone” for road construction projects. • The project team (World Bank, MINTP, Genie militaire) should set up a clear mechanism to address citizens’ feedback. This could take the form of a focal point who will be in charge of receiving complains, forward them to the relevant department, follow-up and provide responses to the community members. • Each community will appoint an “ombudsman” who will be in charge of documenting complains and liaise with the project focal point. • World Bank should facilitate and encourage the involvement of civil society organizations to build the capacity of local groups on citizen engagement. • The Ministry of defense should clarify the role and responsibilities of the various section of the military armed forced that are present in the corridor during the construction work. (Genie militaire, operation Alpha, Emergence, etc…). • The project team should organize quarterly meetings with all the stakeholders to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the feedback mechanism. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 57 58 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment H. SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF THE PROJECT 1. Communication: The project team should set up a clear and sound communication plan to inform all the stakeholders on the various aspects of the project. This plan should focus on the type of work that will be implemented, the schedule and Grievance Redress Mechanisms. It should be noted that communication channels will take into consideration the specificity of each of the villages. The content of the messages should be simple and accessible to the various members of the communities. The cultural setting does not allow women to sit with men; As a consequence, the communication plan will identify relevant channels to reach out to women. 2. Community development: A strategy to improve the socio-economic indicators should be developed. In this regard, the following sectors need a particular attention: • Education: All the primary schools along the corridor are closed and occupied by soldiers. An alternative vocational training program should be implemented to reduce the vulnerability of the youth in the villages. Children and young people spend the day screaming; they are easy targets for Boko Haram recruitment. • Health: There are only four health centers (Magdeme, Dabanga, Zigague and Maltam) for the 17 villages identified in the corridor. A health education and care program should be implemented to address nutrition, reproductive health and commons diseases such as malaria, waterborne diseases. • Access to potable water: Most of the village do not have access to potable water. Engineers should explore options other than drilling; Most of the boreholes do not work. Household Income: Because of insecurity, many household can no longer afford their daily needs. Their income has dropped. A program to assist farmers and producers should be implemented and new opportunities for agriculture could be explored. 3. Community participation: The project should build on the existing mechanisms to encourage and strengthen community participation in the decision making process. Very often, participation is limited to the information or just consultation of the population. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 58 59 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment In most of the villages in the project area, there are ‘open spaces” for community participation. The vigilance committees are good examples of community participation to address security issues. Following are some specific actions we recommend: • Set up a transparent mechanism for recruitment of youth from the villages in the project team. Traditional leaders should be involved in this process to serve as local representatives who are accountable for those recruited. The community leaders should first screen and make sure that the candidates are not Boko Haram members. • Organize meetings in the villages where some sacred places are on the road platform. During these meetings, alternatives solutions will be discussed to avoid cultural and religious conflicts. • Organize meetings in the villages to discuss the Resettlement Action Plan. • Encourage civil society involvement for the participatory monitoring of the project and promotion of citizen open space for accountability. Since 2006, MINEPAT has set up participatory committees to monitor public investment projects; these committees were reorganized in 2013 by a decree signed by the prime minister. The committee holds a quarterly meeting at the council, divisional, regional and national level. It is expected that CSO and community members share their feedback during these meetings. I. SUGGESTIONS FOR APPROPRIATE AND EFFECTIVE PARTICIPATORY AND CONSULTATION PLATFORMS Participation is a process through which stakeholder influence and share control over development initiatives, decisions and resources which affect them. Participation can take different forms, ranging from information sharing and consultation methods, to mechanisms for collaboration and empowerment that give stakeholders more influence and control. Participating in formulating the fundamental goals as well as in planning and carrying out an activity empowers stakeholders and fosters a sense of ownership. These facilitate effective project implementation, conscientious monitoring of activities, and sustainable outcomes. All the stakeholders should be able to express their opinion and participate in the decision making process. In most of the villages, the participatory and consultations platforms need to be promoted and strengthened. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 59 60 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment We have noted that the people in the villages usually come together either on the porch of the mosque or under a tree in front of the chief’s house. They spend long hours together talking about various issues or just sharing news from their families. The focus during these meetings is often related to personal and family issues. The project could identify some community and religious leaders and build their capacity on how to add development issues in the agenda of these meetings. They need to be able to understand the project cycle and ways to get involved in all the various steps. How to provide their feedback to decision makers and move from passive attitudes to active citizenship. The example of comité de vigilance shows that people can get very involved and active when they understand the goal of the proposed activity. The project should tap into the great amount of energy that exist in most of the villages. Many people are ready to participate if their contribution is well received and valued. Community radio as well as local NGOs and associations have a key role to play to promote this approach. This applies also to women. When they are not busy with household chores, they sit together and discuss their specific issues. The project could train some women leaders and rely on them to mobilize other women so that they can express their opinion on community issues. When we talked to some men in the villages, they acknowledged the fact that women’s voice should be taken into consideration. The key obstacle for now seems to be the culture. The project could generate debates on this issue through community radio programs. People have very few opportunities to discuss these topics openly. Encouraging people to share their opinion will help to improve women status. The project should start with the informal groups and teach them how to formulate and voice their opinion then strengthen the formal existing committees. During the update of the council’s communal development plans, PNDP set some local participatory committees in each of the villages. These committees do not operate now but they could serve as a good platform to enhance citizen participation. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 60 61 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 61 COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION FRAMEWORK STAKEHOLDER PLATFORM CHANNEL TO ACTION TO BE TAKEN FORWARD CONCERNS Women Women’s group • Community radio • Train women leaders and young girls • Leaders • Organize group discussion. • GRM • Sensitize on GRM. • Facilitate access to community radios. Youth • Youth groups • Community radios • Train youth leaders • Community groups • GRM • Organize sensitization campaigns • Formal meeting of • Organize discussion groups participatory • Facilitate access to community radios. committees. Men • Men’s groups • Community radios • Train leaders • Community groups • GRM • Organize sensitization campaigns • Formal meeting of • Organize discussion groups participatory • Facilitate access to community committees. radios Merchants • Professional associations. • Community radios • Train leaders Transporters • Community groups • GRM • Organize sensitization campaigns • Formal meeting of • Organize discussion groups participatory • Facilitate access to community committees. radios CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 63 Civil Society • NGO networks • Formal participatory • Build capacity on community organizations • Community groups. committees mobilization and citizen engagement. • Media • Reinforce their action capacities. • GRM • Promote networking. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 63 VI. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. The findings from this assessment represent just a snapshot of the socio-economic situation in the villages along the corridor. It is necessary to deepen this observation through a more prolonged presence on the field. This assessment serves as an entry point. 2. Civil society organizations have a very important role to play in promoting citizen engagement in the villages along the corridor. They should actively contribute to improve community ownership of the project and promote the implementation of the Grievance Redress Mechanism. 3. A key observation from the assessment is that the level of poverty in the villages along the Mora-Kousseri road is high especially in the Mora-Waza-Tilde section. Our recommendation is that Cameroon government and Development Agencies should develop a specific program to improve the living conditions of people in the project area. The focus should not be only on rehabilitation of the road. There is a need for an emergency program as well as a sustainable development program. 4. The project construction team should collaborate with community members to avoid some “cultural faux pas” (In Waza and other villages, community members were very frustrated when the Chinese workers tagged the mosque indicating that it will be destroyed. Still in Waza, community members were frustrated because the Chinese workers were eating the donkeys- these donkeys are the main transportation means for many people in the village) 65 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment VII. CONCLUSION At the end of the social assessment of the road rehabilitation project Mora-Kousseri, we can draw the following conclusions: • The risks related to project activities and utilization of OBDFA approach are not important ; However, to prevent possible misbehavior of some isolated members of the project team, it is appropriate to organize at least one capacity building session on standards and rules for cooperation between the army and the population. • The people in the project area have a good perception of the army. All the stakeholders look forward to the realization of this project. The Mora-Dabanga-Kousseri rehabilitation project will have positive impact on the following aspects: • Travel time: Actually, the travelling time from Mora to Kousseri is around 7 to 9hours. When the road will be rehabilitated it is expected that this time could be reduced at least by half. • Transportation cost: Transportation from Maroua to Kousseri cost 6,000FCFA with public cars; it used to cost 4,000FCFA. • Access to goods: People living along the corridor have very limited access to a number of products such rice, salt, cooking oil, etc.. because it’s not easy to travel to large cities. • Access to social services: The road will improve access to health care, government services (most of the children in the villages along the corridor do not have birth certificates). • Security: It will be easier for the armed forces to move along the corridor and protect the population Truck are the primary target of BH; because they move very slowly due to the very bad condition of the roads. Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 65 66 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment APPENDICES Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 66 FICHE D’IDENTIFICATION DES BIENS SUR LE PONT DE L’ELBEID à TILDE N° Type de bien Repérage Distance Description Propriétaire Illustration à exproprier Quartier Indication Gauche Milieu Droite 1 PONT TILDE 1 …………… …………… 5m Un pont de 2 voies est Etat …. prevu juste à droite de l’ancien pont 2 Construction TILDE 1 Maison après le …………… Centre du 17m de Maison en brique terre TOUDJA OUMAR pont …. nouveau l’actuel de 198 m2 avec 4 pièces pont pont 3 Construction TILDE 1 Maison après le Centre de 17m sur Bâtiment en brique de MOUSSA ALHADJI pont …………… la l’actuelle terre d’une dimension de GARGA .. nouvelle route 139 m2 route 4 PUITS TILDE 1 En façade de le 2ème Un puits de 20m de COMMUNAUTE maison après le …………… 13m profondeur fait à base de pont … brique parpin 5 Construction TILDE 1 Maison après le Centre de 17m de Bâtiment en brique terre ALHADJI GARGA MADI pont la l’actuelle tôlé avec charpente de nouvelle route dimension 112m2 route 6 Lieu Sacré TILDE 1 Après la maison de 12m Un espace de 100m2 COMMUNAUTE Alhadji garga madi servant de lieu de repos, de cérémonie et de réunion du chef de quartier avec ses populations 7 Construction TILDE 1 Maison après le 13m de Bâtiment de 154m2 fait KALIA OUSMAN pont l’actuelle en brique terre et tôlé route CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 68 8 Construction TILDE 1 Maison situé à l’allé 13m Bâtiment de 105m2 fait à MADAM MOUSSA central de la double base de brique en terre voie avec charpente, latte et tôlé 9 Construction TILDE 1 ………….. ……………… 13m Bâtiment de 98m2 fait ADAM NDOUNGOUSS avec les briques en terre, charpente et latte tôlé 10 Construction TILDE 1 Juste en face de la ………….. ………………. 16m Bâtiment de 125m2 fait LIMAN MAHAMAT maison de Adam en brique terre le toit ndoungouss avec la charpente et les lattes et tôlé 11 Construction TILDE 1 17.6m Bâtiment de 98m2 fait à BARKA ABDOURAME base de brique en terre Mais c’est son petit le toit avec la charpente frère sur la photo et les lattes et tôlé 12 Construction TILDE 1 ………….. 13m Bâtiment de 99m2 fait à MAHAMAT MAMBI base de brique en terre le toit avec la charpente et les lattes et tôlé 13 Construction TILDE 1 13m Bâtiment de 99m2 fait à MAMABI MAHAMAD base de brique en terre le toit avec la charpente et les lattes et tôlé 14 Construction TILDE 1 13m Bâtiment de 161m2 fait à ABBA MALOUM …………… ……………. base de brique en terre MAHAMAT le toit avec la charpente et les lattes et tôlé Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 68 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 69 15 Construction TILDE 1 Mosquée située en 13m Bâtiment de 90m2 fait en COMMUNAUTE bout du nouvel axe …………… ……………… brique de terre avec 2 portes en tôles et 2 fenêtres une charpente et latte-le tout tôlé. 16 Champs TILDE 1 En face de l’actuelle -10m ………………. ……………… Terrain servant MAMOUDOU route actuellement de déviation 17 Champs TILDE 1 En face de l’actuelle -10m ……………… ………………. Terrain servant LIMAN route actuellement de déviation 18 Champs TILDE 1 En face de l’actuelle -10m Terrain servant route actuellement de déviation 19 BOUTIQUEQ MALTAM Entrée Camp du BIM -10m Toutes les boutiques ont Environ 11 personnes été déguerpies par les militaires pour l’installation de leur base en bordure de la route et les propriétaires se sont plutôt retrouvés du coté gauche de l’emprise et sont à moins de 10m de la route Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 69 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 70 FICHE D’IDENTIFICATION DES BIENS SUR LA VOIE DE CONTOURNEMENT KOUSSERI N° Type de bien à Repérage Distance Description Propriétaire Illustration exproprier Quartier Indication Gauche Milieu Droite 1 Construction Carrefour Douane …………… Une case en dur de Etat (Douane) 2m2 servant de poste de barrière ou control 2 Engin Blama Abakar Face mur …………… 4 Camions en panne Douane côté abandonnés sud 3 Construction Blama Abakar Face mur 42.25 m2 de carabot Koubra pour la Douane côté -5m en tôle servant de carrabot sud restaurant Aladji Tallaf pour terrain 4 Construction Blama Abakar Face mur Fondation en dur d’un Aladji Tallaf Douane côté -5m appartement d’un sud situé à 25m salon et de 4 pièces du mur Douane de 160m2 5 Construction Blama Abakar Vers fin mur Maison de 9m2 Douane côté -10m construite en semi sud dur et tôlé Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 70 CARTOGRAPHIE DES ORGANISATIONS DE LA SOCIETE CIVILE INTERVENANT DANS LA REGION DE L’EXTREME NORD-CAMEROUN CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 73 Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 73 CEMAC Transport & Transit facilitation project: Updated Social Assessment 74 Submitted by Research Institute for Development (RIDEV) 74