4~ ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN (EA) - and ENWIRONME NTAL MONITORING PLAN (EMT) of the GLI GANG MULTI-PURPO SE NAVIGATION PROJECT GUANGXI, PEOPLE'S REPUJBLIC OF CBLNA '~~ e~ V. I. .-, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . _ = m1 kk 4- and~~~~~c Prepared Under e Supervision of tthe Guangxi Communications D)epartmnent and Compiled in English by tnvironomics Consultants Co. Ltd. Beijin July 1995 CONENT SECTION * ' ENVRONMEAAL AC770N PLAN I INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 GMPN General Desciption 1 1.2 Principal Adverse Impacts on the Environment 3 1.3 tlittional Arrangements 4 2. IMPACTMITIGATION 7 2-1 Mtigation Strategy 7 22 Scope and content of the EAP 8 2.3 Environmental Investment 9 3. ACTION I ENGINEERING MEASURES 10 3.1 Protection Program 10 3.2 Prevention of Slope Failure 12 3.3 Embankment Reinforcement 13 3.4 Two Newly-Constructed Flood Control Embankments and Drainage Facilities 14 3.5 Reconstruction of Drainage Gates and Culverts 14 3.6 Flood Drainage Stations 14 3.7 Infrastructure 16 4- ACTION 2 CLEARING OF THE RESERVOIR BOTCOM 18 5- ACTION 3 HISTORICAL ANT) CULTURAL PROPERTIES 18 6. ACTION 4 WATER QUALITY PROTECTON 19 6.1 Protection of Water During Construction 19 7. ACnON S NOISE, AIR QUALITY AND OTHERS 22 7.1 Noise and Air Quality 22 7.2 Inundation Protection 22 7.3 Prevention of Soil Loss DurLing Construction 22 7.4 Construction of Spawning dGounds 23 7.5 Public Health 23 7.6 Wildlife 24 7.7 Wetlands and Swamps 24 APPENDIX KEY ELEMEN OF THE EAPIEMP FOR THE GUIGANG MULTIPURPOSE NAVIGATION PROJECT 25 SECTION I1 EVRONMENrAL MON?TORFNG PLAN 1. INTRODUCTION 33 1 1 33 1.2 Pre-Construction Monitoring m the Project Area 33 2. PURPOSE OF THE MONITORING 37 3. SCOPE OF APPLICATION AND MONITORING 37 3.1 Environmental MonitoDng During Construction 37 3.2 Environmental Monitoring During Operation Phase 38 4. MONITORING PARAMETERS AND REQUIREMEWIS 39 4.1 Water Quality 39 4.2 Atmospheric Monitoring 39 4.3 Hydrology and Meteorology 39 4.4 Ecological Monitoing 39 4.5 Bank Failure and Lnundation 40 5. MONITORING ORGANIZATION AND PERSONNEL ARRANGEMENT 40 531 Mo;oring, Organization 40 3 2 Laboratory Capabilities 40 5.3 Training 40 6. REQUIREMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORTS 40 APPENDIX MONITORING PLAN 41 LABORATORY CAPABILITIES 46 SECTION I ENVIIl)NIENTAL ACTON PLAN 1. INTRODUCTiON 1.1 GWN General Description 1. TIhe proposed Guigang Multi-Purpose Navigation project (GMPN), located between the Xi3in and Guiping resrvoirs (Figure 1. 1.1) on the Yujiang river, is an integral part of the Guangxi Autonomous Region's economic development strategy. The Yujiang river is a tributary of the Xijiang river system, which drains an approximate area of 90,800 km2 and discharges mto the Pearl nver delta in the east. The nver system is a major route for the trasportation of raw materials and manufactured goods from as far inland as Sichuan, and thus occupies a vital positon in the economy of the regon. 2. The primary objective of the proposed GMPN project is to improve the navigability of the Yujiang riner between the Xijin dam and Guigang city. The project will ensure a minimum navigable water depth during dry seasons, thus guaranteeng an uninterrupted flow of shipping and the reclassification of he river to a Class m waterway accessible to 1000 ton barges. The upgrading will make the Yujiang river the backbone of the Xijiapc, river system trasportation strategy and thus facilitate economic development in Guangxi and the adjacent provinces. 3. Additional benefits of the proposed GMPN project include hydropower generation and increased availabilty of water which may be diverted for irrgation projects in the future. Guigang city and to a lesser extent the upstream Hengxian county are currendy constrained in their development due to a shortage of ectric power. The project will have the capacity to generate 120 MW of hydro-electic power to supplement area supplies. A minimnum capacity of approximately 36 MW is guaranteed during the dry season, which amounts to an average 590 GW.h of annual power generation. It is also anticipated that several thousand hectares of medium productivity land may be brought under cultivation following project completion due to the increased availability of high quaity irrigation water- Environmental assessments of proposed irrigation projects will be undertaken by the relevant implementation agencies as needed and in accordance with Chinese regulations. 4. The main physical components of the project include (i) construction of a damr, ship lock, and hydropower station at Guigang, and (ii) small-scale removal of rock shoals at three locations by blastng. Originally the GMPWN project was proposed as part of a domestically fnided multi-component infrastructure construction project and had received approval for implementation. An EIA for the entire project was prepared in 1990 and approved by the National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA) in 1991. However, due to funding constran, only the bridge component which is part of the Guigang urban infrastrucue program and is sabstantially financed by the city was initiated and is now nearng completion. The remaining components which are included in te inland water way 1 - C9u f * < GlilgaMPN it3nl A~i _,eroi 9 e.ns' X ~~~~r Shoal~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ha Xjn Da N nW Ditd s~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Q.~ <~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~tlai C *^ity GUIGCANG MULTI*PURPOSE NAVIGATION PROJECT LCYNAM Mifflitt, W"',IENVIRONOMICS OMPN PROJECT 3172 SM ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~OF SHOAL LOCATIONS program were re-packaged and submitted to the State Planning Commission (SPC) and approved for international financing. 5. As detailed in the ELA Report, the overall project impacts are minimized due to relatively good planning and implementation strategies on the part of the project proponents. However, an overal monitoring strategy is requred to provide an on-going evaluation of the project constrction and operation, and to implement mitigation strategies for un-anticipated impacts. 1.2 Principal Adverse Impacts on the EIvronment 6. As detailed in the EIA Report, the major environmental impacts of the proposed GMPN project mclude: i. Construction ?eriod 7. The impacts on the environment include disruption of areas adjacent to the project site, soil erosion, temporary water quality decline, and potental air quality degradation resulting from construction activities and tasporttion of construction materials. ii. Reservoir Embankment and Adjacent Areas 8. Bank collapse may increase as a result of project construction. Inundation will affect surrounding low-lying areas, including cultivated lands. The major portion of bank failures will occur in Jingwu, ringnan and Xieyu. The widest collapse will be approximately 33-37 meters. Approximately 100 ha of land immediately adjacent to the proposed reservoir will be inundated following project completion. The major impact areas include Xiangjiang and Watang. iii. Cultivated Lands 9. The total cultivated area impacted by inundation is estimated at approximately 448 ha, and land requisition for the project will affect another 132 ha (including approximately 53 ha for temporary construction facilities). Consequently, agricultural production will experience adverse impacts. vi. Aquatic Products 10. Two spawning grounds in Erweizhou and Xueyi Tan will be inundated foilowing construction. disruptng carp reproduction. v. Historical Sites 11. Certain low-lying Segments of the neolithic archeological sites identified in Chapter 4 of the EIA will be inundated following construction- However, plans have been formulated to remove the archeological artifacts in these areas at a cost of approximately 1.15 RMB. 3 vi. Water Quality 12. During the construction phase, the main impacts on water quality will be turbidity from foundation excavation work and coffer darm construction at the project site and from shoal blasting at three locations within the reservoir area. In the operation phase, water quality impacts due to biodegradable materials are anticipated to improve slightly and deteriorate slightly in terms of metals and COD. During certain! periods of the dry season, water will be retained in the reservcir for electicity generatng purposes, resulting in temporary downstream water quality degradation. vii. Ecological Environment 13. The flooding of mud-flats and grass beds which will result -rom the project may impact some migrating bird species and reptiles which inhabit these areas, particulaly tortoises and soft-shelled tures. Changes in the river ecosystem may also have some impact on aquatic plants, fish and hydrophyte species in the reservoir and downstream areas. Baseline ecological studies within the reservoir area have identified certain locations which are classified as potential habitat for aquatic fauna. However no endangered species other than the Guangxi soft shell turle have been observed within the projea area as the environment has long been dirted by industrial and agricultural activities. 1.3 Institutional Arrangements 14. In order to ensure the implementation of environmental measures as stipulated in the Environmental Action Plan (EAP), the followig insttutional arrangements as presented in Figure 1.3.1 have been agreed upon: (a) Guangxi Communications Department (GCD) has overall authncty within the project. The Deputy Chief of the Foreign Capital Utilization Division (Ms. Xiong Hui Jun) is responsible for project environmental issues within GCD. (b) Xijiang Project Headquarters (XJPH) located in Guigang has project responsibility during ooth construction and operation phases. Under the guidance of the Vice Director for environmental and resettlement issues (Mr. Huang Fu Sheng), the Environmentl Management Group (EMG) which includes two experienced technical staff, are responsiole for managing project environmental issues during the constuction period and operational phase. The two environmental staff shall be directly appointed by GCD and will be permanent, full-time employees of X1PH. The EMG, which will be established in early 1995, will advise the XJPH Director and other group managers concering project environmnental issues through participation on the XJPH management group. EMG will also manage the project environmental monitoring sub-contract with the Guigang Enviromnental Monitoring Center (GEMC) and direct aEl monitoring and reporting activities. Figure 1.3.2 presents the task chart of the Environmental Management Group. 4 acOD ! 00 M n L 1 ;''-'... O*d Wo~~~s hid St". Woi*h AUDTIN AD SUPER VISIONA (AGREEMgNTS AND CONTRIACTS moownn oJ,* Figure 1.3.1 -GUIGANG MULTi-PURPOSE NAVIGATION PROJECT INSTITUTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE XIJJANG PROJEC.T HEADQUARTERS _. _ [ X-- = - ; itt;.--S=az=ciiis- -=-.-5 Figure 1.3.' TASK ORGANI1ATIONAL DIAGRAM: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT GROUP, XLTIANG PROJECT IEADQUARTERS GUIGANG MULTI-PURPOSE NAVIGATION PROJECT GUIGANG, GUANGXI AUTONOMOUS REGION ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT GROUP 1. TBN 2. IBN Taskes * Supervision ard implementation of the EAP and EMP * Data analysis and reporting * Formulation of mitigation alternatives * Active participation in project meetings to discuss environmental issues and mitigation rieasures * Advising project and tas.?k managers on environmental problems 4 Preparation of semi-annual environmental management reports for submission to GCD and the World Bank GUIGANG ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING CENTER Tasks Implementation of air, water, noise and ecological monitoring tasks under the supervision of the Environmental Management Group. 0 Data tabulation and reporting 6 15. The results of the monitoring will be analyzed and presented along with action recommendations on a weekly basis to the project group meetings. Semi-annual environmental reports shall also be prepared by EM1G for presentation to GCD and the World BarLk. 2. IMPACT MTIGATION 2.1 Mitigation Strategv 16. The basic principles for environmcna protection of the project area iiclude; the following: a. The project design mcludes elements for possible envirommental improvement of the project area and avoiding or minimizimg environmental imp Where avoidance or minimization are not possible, economically and technically feasible mitigation measures have been formulated Lor implementaion within a reasonable time frame. b. Environmental protection- measures include mitigation of impacts during the construction and operation phases of the project. 17. The project design includes measues for minimizing social and economic impacts on area inhabitants. Initially several thousand area inhabitants have been impacted by the reservoir filling. As a result of foTmulating protection measures, none of the area inhabitants need to be relocated following project construction. Those inhabitants whose land will be inundated are to be compensated with new land, money and if necessary vocational training which at minimum will allow them to sustain their present income levels. The economic compensation packages are designed to ensure that no physical relocation is required. 18. Ir, order to prevent the outbreak of epidemics, sanitation and public health measures such as septic tanks. and solid waste management will be required both in the construction area and in. the workers' living quarters. These measures are designed to protect the reservoir and surrounding areas from contamination. 19. Major environmental impacts during construction include atmospheric degradation due to fugitive dust, water quality degradation due to constraction activities, and increased erosion resulting from removal of surface vegetation. To minimize fugitive dust impacts, road surfaces, excavation areas and construction areas should be sprayed and kept m.oist for dust control. Erosion control may be .chieved .by minimizing disruption of vegetation and exposed sur.faces until necessary, and installing silt traps and other erosion prevention measures. After construction is completed, the site and its surrounding areas should be restored as closely as possible to their original state. 20. ?ost construction mitigation alternatives are presented in as much detail as possible in the EIA report. Details of mitigation measure implementation are presented in the present report. 7 2.2 Scope and content of the EA 21. As a supplemental report to the GMPN project EIA, the EAP will chiefly discuss the implementation plan, icluding miiigaiion measure, implementation schedule, investments and general concepts which need to be considered during the project construction anDa operation phases. Based on the conclusion of the EIA and recommended mitigation measures, the scope of environmental activities include: a. inundation protection engineering b. embankment reinforcement and protection of bank vegetation c. reservoir bottom cleaning d. protection of historic sites e- rebuilding spawning gonds f. environmental monitoring during project construction and operation g. landscape restoration h. sanitation and public health i. water pollution control of indusLrial and municipal wastewater j. protection of the public water supply (including relocation of the waterworks intake) Resettlement and compensation for land acquisAlon and other economic losses due to the project are addressed in the Resettlement Action Plan. 22. Plarning and implementation of environmental mitigation measures will be undertaken by EMG in coordination with the XJPH and GEMC. Particularly, in the primary design of the proposed project, environmental activities focused on the following items: a. inundation protection engineering b. reinforcement of the embankment c. reservoir bottom cleaning d. protection of historic sites e. construction of the e.nvironmental monitoring station f. rebuilding spawning grounds 8 2.3 Envionmennal Investment 23. A total of 69-97 million RMB wil be provided for the EAP, iDcluding protection engineering expenses of 58.01 million RM, reonustruction of specialized faciiies totaling 7.6 million RMB, reservoir bottom cleaning expenses of 0.26 milion RMB, hydrological station construction expses of 0-05 milion RMB, and environmental compensation expenses of3-93million RM?. The detaled cost estination is shown in Table 2.3.1. TABLE 2.3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL ACTICN PLAN BUDGET item Cost (Thousads Guigang Heagxnip of Yuan) City County I. Engineerin- Measures 58095 1) 46 Engineering Facilities 36513 33926 2587 2) Flood Gates 2480 1320 1160 _ __ _ __- __ 3) inundation and Bank 16600 Collapse Prevention Des,I)esgn 2502 iII. Reconstruction of 7633 Specialized Facilities ! I) Transportation 5912 3304 2608 2) IOKV Electricity "0I 5 c Transmission Line Reconstruction 3) Rebuilding Tele- 0.6 0-6 communication lines 4) Excavation of Historical 1147 Relics 5) Design 267 6) Contingency 296 LI. Reservoir Bottom 261 Clearixg I) Clear-ig Engineenng 250 . 2) Design 11 I 9 r - -: - : 0' f00 V 0 0 t;| IV. Hydrological Station | Consamction l - V. Environietal 3927'.. -.,;-.f I Conpensation Fund including the afforestation of 100 thousand yuan 1) Spawning Ground 1000 1 Reconstruction 2) Bank Protection 750 Reforestation 3) Epidemic Prevention 158 4) Noise, Emissions and 300 Garbage Control 5) Wastewater Treatment 200 Facilities 6) Monitoring Instruments 327 7) Construction Monitoring 250 8) Environmental 333 Monitoring 9) Environmental Training' 438 10) Other 71 69966 The equivalent of USS100,000 is allocated ordy for taining 3 . ACTION 1: ENGINEERING MEASUES 3.1 Protection Prooram 3.1.1 Current Flood Control WorKs 24 According to data compiled by the Guangxi Conmmunications Design Institute, there are currently 111 dikes and embankments from Xijin hydropower station to the GMPN project site protecting more than 7000 ha of arable land. There are 79 embankments in Guigang protecting an ^rea of 5267 ha, while in Hengxian there are 32 protecting an area of 1867 ha. As these embankmnents were constructed between the 1950 and 1970, their flood control effectiveness has been reduced by years of erosion. 25. Most of the existing embankrnents are constructed from homogeneous soils to different heights. They are generally higher upstream than downstream and in tnrbutaries. The average elevation is 48 meters (MSL), with the highest being 58 meters and the lowest 10 being 42 meters. More than 76 embarzanents do not meet the minimum elevation requirement for protection against a ten year flood stage. The embankmnents are generally 2 to 5 meters wide at the top, with slope gradients of 1: 1.5 to 1:2, ard are generally in good structural condition. However, the embanlanents have no slope protection, they are poorly maintained, the tops and slopes are not smooth and most of the outlets have been destroyed- 26. Field surveys indicate that the bottom elevation of embankment outlets are approximattely 41 meters (MSL), with the 1-ighest being 47.5 meters (y4ps1ream) and lowest being 35.6 meters (downsteam). Seventy percent of the outlets have bottoms which are below the dry season flow (540 m3/s) backwater level for that location. 27. Most existing outlets are mortar and stone structurs, with square or circular culvert cross sections. The culvert gradients range between one to three percent and the outlet walls are approximately 0.5 to one meter thick depending on their flow capacity. The adopted alternative for flood control embankments discussed above requires that 42 out of 46 embanklnents be rebuilt because their bottom outlet elevations are less than the new design elevation. 28. The existng gates are all flat and are constructed with steel, reinforced concrete or wood. Most gates are currenty in disrepair due to many years of use and poor water resistance. Moveover, the old gates will not be functional after the outlet elevations have been raised, so it is recommended that they be rebuilt. 3.1.2 Engineering Measures 29 In the preminary design of the GPIN project, mitigation measures have been considered in as much detail as possible in order to minimize losses and relocation caused by inundation, such as reinforcement and reconstruction of the embanianents. 30. There are 78 protection embankments that will be- affected by inundauon, many of which will require rebuilding. Three alternatives of varying scopes have been proposed for rebuild;ng the ernbanklments, and the third alternative was recommended. 31. The protection engineering measures which have been adopted as part of the project design include: o Stabilizing slope failure, * Raising and reinforcing the four existing embankments, * Rebuilding the forty-four drainage gates and culverts, * Building two new flood control embankments, and o Constructing forty-six flood drainage stations. 32. According to calculations performed in the preliminary design stage of the project, approximately 716 ha of land will be protected from inundation in 46 different areas through the above-mentioned protective measures. Cultivated lands account for 576 ha of the protected area and the remaming 140 ha includes residenial areas and economic installations. The total area to be inundated after prevention measures are taken is 448 ha, of which cultivated land accounts for 268 ha. 11 3.1.3 Design Stndards a. Design Standards for Flood Control and Drainage Works 33. The "Zhujiang Basin Comprehensive Usage Planning Report" prescnrbes that flood prevention criteria in the Yujiang river should meet 10-year rer period flood protecton requirements. The flood control design for the Yujiang river is an on-going project of the Guangi Water Resources Department, and will be implemented in upcoming years. 34 The project design criteria prescribes an expansion in the discharge area and an increase in the flow capacity of the river channel. During rainy season opeaons when flow exceeds 7080 m3/s, all 18 reservoir sluice gates wil be fully opened to simulate namral flood flow and water levels. The impoundment design dictates that during a 10-year return period flood event (13400MN/s), the water level above the proposed dam wil only be 0.28 meters higher than pre-construction conditions, which is lower than the iundation critea of 0.3 meters stipulated by the Ministry of Water Resources. 35. The storm duranon specified for controlling flood peaks in the project area is idenified as one day for small and three days for lre draiage basis. The desgn flood drainage penod is equivalent to maxunum crop iundation endurance tiimes, which are two days for dry crops and three to five days for rice. Tberefore, three days of drainage time for the maximum 24-hour five year flood is regarded as the standard for all the protection works, including those for mechanical and electrical equipment performance specifications. 36. The design standard for embankment drainage outlets is that water within the erbankments be drained and the water from the reservoir be prevented from flowing into protected areas. The design stndard for drainage outlets will also meet five year flood protection standards- 3.2 Prevention of Slope Failure a. Controlling Slope Failure 37. The topographic and geological characteristics of reservoir banks require that both engineering solutions and stabilization through afforestation be adopted to reduce slope failures. As mentioned in the E1A report, the banks in the upper reaches of the proposed reservoir from Zhanvu to Xijin require surface protection. 38. Specific measures include: 39. Protecting shallow slopes by placing select rock on bank surfaces, Implementation may be divided into two phases. During the first phase, mitigation measures will be implemented at Jiamnan village, Jinwo, Watangyu and the threatened highway sections during the construction. Upon project completion and reservoir operation, the second phase will be inplemented. Areas to be protected will be identified during post construction monitoring. Initial estimates indicate tat approximately 200,000 mn3 of 50# cement mortar and select rock will be required. 12 40. In areas where slope stability is required but rock placement is not necessary, afforestation will be undertaken, requiring approximately 150,000 trees to construct forest protection zones on the two reservoir banks. - b. Investment Initial estinates are that a total investment of 11-16 million Yuan will be required, including the costs of indation prevention. 3.3 Embankment Reinforcement a. Embankment Reinforcement 41. In the protection program, the preferred plan is embankment reinforcement, which includes raising elevations of the four embankrnents at Zhudoutang, Mahuangdong, Liaowo and D.nwo. Engineering requirements for reinforcing the ernbankments are shown in Table 3.3 1. (1) elevation of the dike top: the design elevation for inundation pulsing is 1.4 meters. (2) width of the dike top: 8 meters for dikes req!red for tansportation and 3-4 meters for others. (3) Slope gradients: 1:2 to 1:2.5 for earth embankments TABLE 3.3.1 EMBANKMENT REINFORCEMENT PLAN FOP. TLE RESERVOIR AREA 4 Alternarrve Namc Original Em}xu;nkn Peak Design Elevation Height to be Added I EEkvation (mœers MSL) tmebrs MSL) (mtnfers) Zbhudou Tang 42.40 45.37 2.97 Mahuang Tong 44-85 45.63 0 78 Liaowu 45.13 45.85 0.72 -Laomla T, OU | 44.60 46_09 1-49 Denrv. 46.27 46.35 0.08 Liuhe 46.67 47.30 0.63 2 and 3 Zhudou Tang 45.13 45.85 0.72 Mariang Tong 44.60 46.09 1.49 Liaowu 46.27 46.35 0.08 Dengwu 46.67 j 47.30 0.63 13 3.4 Two Newly-Constructed Flood Contwl Embankments and Drainaet Facilities 42. The project includes construction of new flood control embankments and drainaage facilities at Shakoudong and Shuangchong in Xinjiang and Watang villages in .el Watang township. Engineering costs of approximately 1 17 million RMB were estimted in the preliminary design report of the project. Approxizately 7.8 ha of farmland will be protected from inundation as a result of this construction. 3.5 Reconstruction of Draina-e Gates and Culverts a. Raising outlet bottom elevations and gate reconstruction 43. Assuming that the normal operaing water level in the reservoir is 43.1 meters (MSL), the backwater level under the average flow of 540 mIs during seasons is identified as the design elevation of the bottom of the drainage gates and culverts. Outlets with bottom elevations below this defined level should be raised. 44. Three rebuilding options were considered, and the adopted rebuilding option is the second as below: 45. Blocking existing culverts and building new ones with gates above the old ones. The new outlet should correspondingly be raised and widened. This option requires substantial engineering work since the embankment should be excavated at die location of the new culvert, but construction is relatively simple. 46. Other specific options will be considered at a later time for larger culverts such as Linqiao Gate. 47. All the rebuilt gates should be constructed with reinforced concrete to ensure security, durabilitv., convenience and incorporate simple structure and fabrication requirements. The engineering requirements of rebuilding the gates and culverts were estimated in the preliminary design report of the GMPN project. All reconstruction activities will be completed before the filling of the reservoir, and a detailed implementation schedule will be considered at a later time. b. Investments 48. The total investment for outlets and gates reconstruction is approximately 2.48 million Yuan, not including the cost for reconstruction of Linxiao gate. 3.6 Flood Drainatze Stations 49. The purpose of constructing flood drainage pumping stations for all ernbarAnents is to minimize the inundation of arable land and to increase grain yields within the protected zones. These zones mclude the most productive gramn and sugarcane fields in the reservoir area, and are densely populated. 14 50. The design capacity of drainage facilities is based on three day drainage following a 24 hour duration five year storm, with pumps working 22 hours a day. 51. The adopted embankment reimforcement option includes construction of drainage facilities within all 46 embankmnents to be modified. The facilities will have a total instaled capacity of 15776 kw and will protect 3010 ha of arable land, including 403 ha of fields and fish ponds below the bottom elevation of the drainage gates, and another 603 ha below the land reiisition line. a. Pumping station scheme 52. Both horizontal cenrifugal pump and axial flow pump house schemes were selected. The pum houses will be built by the Yujiang nver banks. One floor building of mixed construion was selected for horizontal centrifugal pump houses. Two floor construction buildings were selected for axial flow pump houses in which the base floor of reinforced concrete is an open suction bay, and the second floor of brick masomy is designed for installig pumps and electncal equipment. b. Pumping system 53. Both horizontal centrifugal pumps and axial flow pumps were selected. 54. Horizontal centrifugal pump: Vacuum air pumps will be selected where the design diameter of suction tubes is over 200mm, and discharge pumps will be installed where the desigred diameter of the suction tube is smaller than 200mm. 55. Axial flow pump: Axial flow pumps with single-high outlets will be selected. 56 Steel pipes will be used for the suction tube and the outlet tube inside of the pump house. Steel pipes will also be used for the outlet tube when the designed diameter is larger than 400mm, while concrete tubes will be used for the outlet tube when the designed diameter is small than 400mm. c. Electricity supply 57. The power supply for the drainage stations will be provided by the Hengxian and Guigang grid. A specific transformer substation which is connected with the 35KV transformer station by a 35 KV or 10.5 KV power line will be built for each drainage station. d. Investment 58. Initial estimated investments for flood drainage facilities are listed below: (1) The cost of construction buildings is 20.77 million Yuan. (2) The cost of mechanical equipment and electrical facilities is 15.05 million Yuan, which includes 4.84 million R.MB for power lines. 15 (3) The annual cost for operation of the facilities is 1.17 million Yuan. 59- Embankment and drainage station locations are listed in Figure 5.5. 1. 3.7 Infrastructure 60. Infrastructure requrig reconstrucuon includes power tranission lines, telecommunication lines and tansportation facilities such as docks, water conservation and hydropower stations. Additional roads, ferries. docks and barges will be built to improve the standard of living of local residents. a. Power Transmission Lines i. 10 kv Transmission Lines 61. A total of 4.32 kn of transmission lines in the reservoir area will be affected by inundation, with 3.47 km to be protected and 0.85 km to be relocated to higher ground. Wherever possible, transmission poles will be reinforced rather than being moved, entailing a total investment of about 15 thousand yuan (178,000 Yuanfpole.lan). Investment figures were compiled according to 'Cost Calculation Standards for Water Conservation and Hydropower Projects" issued by the Ministries of Energy and Water Conservation in 1989. 62. Power transmission lines undertaken during the course of the project are not expected to have significant environmental impacts since they are located at a distance from residential areas and pass through cultivated fields. Power transmission lines from the generating station will not traverse any sensitive areas, and there are no human settlements within 200 rneters of the power lines. ii. Communication Lines 63. A total of 0.3 km of communication lines will be iniundated in the reservoir area, of which 0.25 km lies within the protected areas and 0.05 km will require reinforcement. This will entail an investment of 900 yuan at a unit compensation of 17,800 yianfkm. b. Hydro-Power Facilities i Mini Hydr-power Stations 64. There are three mini-hydropower stations with total insalled capacity of I 11 kw which will be impacted by inundation. Two are in Guigang city, with 99 kw of installed capacity, and one is in Hengxian with 12 kw. Compensation of 7446-9288 yuan per kw will be provided for their reconstruction. Total compensation is estiated at 848.6 thousand yuan. .--i- Li - * 41~~~~(6 \ ii. Electric Pumping-Stations 65. There are 13 elecic pumping stations affected by inundation in the reservoir area, with 808 kw of total installed capacity. Three of these are within protected areas, with 145.5 kw of installed capacity. Another 10 stations with total installed capacity of 662.5 kw are to be rebuilt. Total compensation amounts to 1.12 million yuan, or 1,279-1,855 yuan/kw- iii. Turbine Pumping Stations 66. There are 42 turbine pumps at 22 sttions in the affected area. Four stations lie within the protected area and another 18 will have to be rebuilt. Unit compensation is 41.4-174.6 thousand yuan with total compensation of 3.95 million yuan. c. Transportation Infrastructe 67. Transportation infrastructure in the project area includes 1.5 km of Class IV roads, 7.12 km of dirt roads, 4.59 km of dirt tracks and 16 bridges (136.2 m). An estimated investment of 8.8 million yuan is required to preserve or upgrade these facilities. i. Dirt Roads and Dirt Tracks 68. Dirt roads: upgrading 0Q3 kn of Dingang-Gelai section and 13 km of the newly constructed Xinping-Xincheng-Waang road in Guigang city; upgrading 12 kcm of the Behe-Yangxi-Heang-Tonglai section in Hengxian county. The compensation is estimated at 180.3 thousand yuan per kcm, equivalent to a total of 4.56 million yuan. 69. Dirt tracks: upgrading a total of 3.76 km in Guigang city and 1.45 km in Hengxian county. The surface elevation will be raised at a unit cost of 7,420 yuan/kmn, equivalent to a total of 38.8 thousand yuan. 70. Road con-truction during the course of the project is not expected to have significant environmental impacts since roads are located at a distance from residential areas and pass through cultivated fields. Project service roads are all temporary (unless located within existing aligmnents), and will be restored to agricultural land after construction is completed as in the case of the quarry area access road. Unpaved road surfaces will be sprayed regularly for dust control. ii. Bridges 71. There will be 23 bridges of various types with a total of 427.9 meters to be newly constructed or rebuilt, including four highway bridges (30 meters) and 19 pedestrian bridges ( meters) to be rebuilt and five bridges (100 meters) to be newly constructed in Guigang city. Five bridges (100.9 meters) will be rebuilt and three bridges (60 meters) will be newly constructed in Hengxian. The unit compensation is 4,252 yuan/m for rebuilding highway bridges, 1,484 yuan/m for rebuilding pedestrian bridges and 4,252 yuanmrn for newly-constructed bridges. The total compensation for bridge construction is estimated at 1.2 million yuan. 17 iii. Docks and Ferryboats 72. According to the residential layout in the reservoir area, seven freight docks (four in Guigang city and three in Hengxian county), 78 feey and houseboat docks (47 in Guigang city and 31 in Hengxian county) and 27 ferryboats (13 in Guigang city and 14 in Hengxian county) will be constructed. The unit compensation is 296.8 thousand yuan for each freight dock, 8904 yuan for ferry and houseboat docks and 8904 yuan for each ferryboat. The total compersation amounts to 3 million yuan. 4. ACTION 2: CLEARING OF ThIE RESERVOIR BOTTOM a. Bottom clearing 73. To protect reservoir water quality after construction, the reservoir bottom should be cleared before water storage begins. The clearance process includes removal of vegetaion, construction debris and other wastes from below the design water line. 74. When the reservoir water level is low, stagnant pools will form in low-lying lands on the river banks, providing a potential breeding ground for flies and mosquitoes. When water levels are high, polluted water from these pools will mix with the river water, causing contamination of the reservoir. To prevent this from occurrng, drainage canals should be constructed in the low-lying areas along the river banks to drain the pools before stagnation occurs. All the clearance activities will be completed six months prior to filling the reservoir. b. Investment 75. Initial estimated cost of reservoir bottom clearing is 0.27 million Yuan. S. ACTION 3: HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL PROPERTIES 76. Surveys carried out during the feasibility study identified cultural and historic sites in the reservoir area, as detailed in the EIA report, section 3.8.3. It is advisable to carry out another survey early in the construction process so as to obtain as much information as possible about the kinds and quantities of relics in the project vicinity. If additional relics are unearthed at any point in the constmction process, work should immediately be suspended until a proper inventory can be made by relevant authorities. 77. Due to financial limitations, the Shangjiangkou and Jiaoyiechong relics are scheduled to be unearthed in conjunction with the construction process, an operation which will have special supervision in order to avoid damaging the relics. There are plans to unearth 2000 in2 of Shangjiangkou relics and 3500 m2 of the Jiaolinchong relics. Site specific surveys and excavation will be performed prior to flooding of the area. 78. As they are likely to be inundated by rising water levels, the Neolithic age relics located near the dam area will be unearthed. A detailed final survey will be performed before excavation. 18 79. The total cost for surveying and excavating histoncal relics in the reservoir area is 1,147,320 RMB. This includes: 1) 150,00 RMB for site investig2tion, 2) 997,320 RMB for excavation of the Neolithic age relics; 3) 362,280 RMB for excavating the Shangjiangkou relics; 4) 635,040 RMB for excavating the Jiaoyiechong relics. 80. Costs have been calculated on the basis of regulations from document No.248 of the National Bureau for Historical Relics. 6. ACTION 4: WATER QUALITY PROTECTION 6.1 Protection of water durin2 construction 81. The construction of the coffer dam and blating of the chnnel shoals at three locations along the reservoir area may temporarily increase water turbidity within the river. The shoal blastmg will be undertaken during low flow periods when rock outcrops are exposed thus minimal urbidity is antcipated. The cofferdam construction began in November 1994 and site inspection indicated that the construction method does not result in significant turbidity. It is proposed that the water quality will be monitored on a daily basis at key locations downstream of the dam construction site and a two-day basis during shoal blasting. Details of the monitoring program are presented in the Environmental Moniitoring Plan (EMP) section. 82. Should turbidity result in significant impacts at the first Guigang city water inlet downstream of the construction site (Nanjiang), the water company proposes to curtail water diversion for short periods and increase uptake from inlets further downstream. This in effect will minimize the impact of turbidity on the city water supply. 83. Based on the analysis provided in the EIA report section 4.5.1.3, the impact of waste water from the construction site and workers living quarters on the Guigang city downstream water supplies is small. However, in order to avoid impacts on downsteam fisheries and inhabitants on both river banks, the construction waste water will be treated before being discharged into the Yujiang river. Sewage sludge from t^he construction camps will be collected and used as organic fertilizer. An investment of 0.20 million RMB wi}l be provided for waste water treatment (septic) facilities at the consuction camp 84. Temporary river flow stoppage during construction will increase the silt load in the river with the greatest impacts occuring at the Nanjiang water intake area 600 meters downstream of the construction site. Residents and enterprises will be notified beforehand to store water for 2 days and temporarily cease intakes of water. 19 a. Protection for Domestic Water Supply i 85. Since the Guigang domestic water supplies diverted from the Nanjiang inlet downstream of the proposed project site are currently polluted by industrial discharges into the Liyujiang river, and the simation could deteriorate following completion of the GMPN project and from increased industral development, a feasibility study in Guigang has recommended that the following measures be adopted: (1) Guigang city has decided that its waterworks inlet will be relocated upstream of the dam in order to substantially improve current municipal water quality. Preliminary plans have been formulated to construct a new large-scale waterworks 100 meters upstream of the dan. The Communications Department is coordinating with the city government on this issue and it is anticipated that the new inlet structure will be completed at the same time as the dam completion to immediately facilitate diversion. The relocation of the inlet is primarily aimed at avoiding industrial discharges from city industries in response to State strategies for improving municipal water quality standards. The dam construction therefore provides an opportunity to divert higher quality water. b. Indusrial Wastewater Control 86 Inh order to ensure that water quality standards are met, comprehensive control of discharges from existing contamination sorrces will be implemented by the local Guigang Environmental Protection Bureau (GEPB). Currently, greater attention is being paid to Ehe control of contaminants from sugar and paper manufacmturng, as well as to waste water collection and treatment both upstream and downstream of the reservoir area. 87. Waste water discharges from Hlengxian Sugar Factory have created a serious pollution zone along the river banks, especially in the dry season. Currently water quality is good in the proposed reservoir. There will be some impact on water quality caused by project construction, and a pollution control plan along the river banks will be carried out by Hengxian EPB and GEPB as follows: (1). The GEPB is currently implementing a program of restricting effluent discharges from city industries in order to improve the water quality of the Liyujiang river. Concurrently, the pollution load in the conservation area upstream will be reduced by controlling industrial discharges and possibly constructing a canal which would divert part of the surplis uncontrolled flow of the proposed impoundment through the Liyujiang river to improve its water quality. Detailed monitoring studies have be performed to identify tne carrying capacity of the Yujiang river to accept the Liyujiang river flows and its potential impact on the Yujiang river. Although the river carrying capacity data has not been made public, GEPB is formulating programs for controlling effluent discharges in order to preserve the river water quality at Class m in the short term and improve it to Class [ in the long term. 20 (2) Limitations will be imposed on the operation of the power station during the dry season in order to reduce contaminn loading downstream. Detailed itemls will be considered following construction. 88. The GMPN project will create a free-flowing reservoir, whose h,draulic retention time is very short. Therefore, no temperatre gradations will occar at different water depths, eutrophication is not anticipated and sedimentation will not vary sigmficantly from present conditions. c. Control of Water Pollution from Navigation Activities 89. In order to control the discharge of waste oil from barges, the Departments of Navigation Administration, Navigation Monitoring, and Shing Management of the Guangxi Communications Department as well as the EPB have undertaken a comprehensive coordination program with regard to oil discharge control and enforement and air pollution control in all provincial waterways. The program stipulates annual inspection and licensing of vessels with regard to oil collection and noise protection facilities. At the same time, measures have been taken to increase environmental awareness among navigation department and barge tansportation personnel. Guidelines for the control of waste oil discharges from ships are stipulated in the "National Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law", the national -Shipping Contminant Discharge Srandard' (GB3552-83), and the 5th Decree of the Ministry of Transportation on 'Shipping Sluice Management. - 90. To control barge waste oil discharges, al motorized ships should be equipped with oil-water separators to ensure that oil content in the discharged bilge water does not exceed 15 mgI. Where installation of such devices is not feasible, then a waste oil container should be kept on hand. The navigation administration and navigation monitoring departnents have equipped special ships to collect waste oil at regular intervals. 91. In the inland river area, an oil transport registration system has been implemented for 150 ton oil tankers and for common ships exceeding 400 tons. At present, however, waterway facilities in the project region do not have the capacity to dispose of waste oil and other shipping wastes. In order to remedy these deficiencies, investments are proposed for waste disposal equipment within the project area. 92. The potential for accidental spills will rise as a result of the significant increase in river traffic. Spill prevention strategy centers on enforcing shipping and lock management. To prevent accidental spills of materials, a safety check will be enforced on all river vessels by navigation administration agencies at downstream and upstream handling terminals and shipping sluice gates. A special check will be performed for vessels which are carrying ecologically sensitive materials such as oil and coal. An accident mitigation plan has been formulated and put into effect by provincial agencies for the protection of water ways. 21 7. ACTION 5: NOISE, AIR QUALITY AND OTHERS 7.1 Noise and Air Oualitv 93. Noise and air quaity degradation impacts during the construction phase may be significant along the quarry haul road, the dam construction area and the shoat blasting areas. However other than haul trucks, large equpmen shall not be used duing construction. A comprehenive noise and air quality monitoring program has been propose - in the EMP section to evaluate impacts in sensitive areas. It is proposed that all haul roads will be paved to reduce dust. Cosruction ric will be resticted to 6 am - 8 pm and taffic control measures will be instituted to reduce congestion and noise. Should noise levels reach regulatory limits, tmck traffic volumes will be reduced to acceptable limits. 94. Blastng at the shoals and dam site will be in strict accordance with national safety regulations. Blastng will only occur at noon and at 6 pm as stipated in the naeonal regulations. Wind diection, noise and dust monitormg will be instituted pnor to blasting. 7.2 ntion Prtection 95. The areas affected by inundation are concentrated in the mddle and downstream sections of the reservoir area such as Xiangjiang, Watang and between LAi3cun village and the project site. The affected area includes approximately 100 ha, as well as Xiangjiang and Watang, most of which lies within Ilood protection dikes. 96. Measures to address inundation proposed by the project proponents include pumping water out of submerged areas to decrease waterlogging, digging drainage canals, and convertig dry lands to paddy fields. To combat increased moisture ievels inside residences adjacen to the reservoir, drainage ditches will be constructed around the foundations of buildings, and floor levels will be raised. 7.3 Prevention of Soil Loss During Construction 97. The GPN project includes construction of a low head concrete gravity dam. It will consume 1,110 acres of land, including 714 acres for temporary facilities. Approximately 3.7 million m3 of eartn and 0.94 m of rock will be excavated for the project, while 1.28 million ni3 of earth and rock will be used as select fill and 0.5 million mn3 of concrete will be used for construction - :he dam, lock an other facilities. Constuction will last apjroximately 5 years, during m: - v time protective measures will be taken in order to prevent soil erosion from the project ave. Tne following steps will be taken: a. Priority will be given to using construction matrials which are available at the project site. b. During the construction, measures will be adopted to miniiz soil loss such as not removing suiface vegetation until the site is needed, minimizing traffic, and treating surfaces to prevent erosion. In non- construction areas, vegetation cover will be protected and additional cover such as wees will be planted. 22 -/7.4 Construction of Spawning Grounds 98. To mitigate losses of economically valuable fish stock, hatchery efforts will be focused on commercial species- An altemative is to thoroughly utilize all available remaining water bodies including river bends. Employment opportunities from the above mentioned mitigation measures will contribute to the economic development of migrants. 99. In the initial environmental impact assessment for the project, the Guangxi Electric Industry Design Institte (GEIDI) together with the Aquaculture Depatment of Guangxi Agricultural University, selected the middle reaches of the reservcir near the ur outh of the Yunbiao tributary (near Yunbiao village in Hengxian county) as the sie of thi planned fish spawning ground. The reasons for selecting this site are as follows: (1) it is located directly upstream of Fubo Shoal, die largest and most important fis-t spaurg grond in the rtservoir, and is therefore convenient for introducing fish fry; (2) water quality is good and plentiful water supplies are ensred year-rouDd by the Yunbiao reservoir upstream; (3) the site has a lirge amount of low-lying wasteland which can be reclaimed to build fish ponds at minimal cost; (4) there is a spawning ground downstream of the Guigang reservoir area at Maiu Shoal, but no spawning groands presently exist upstream of the C-uigang reservoir in the Xilu reservoir area. Situating the spawnig ground in the middle reaches of the Guigang reservoir will be beneficial for the economic developmnent of the area. 100. According to the Fisheries Department of the regional Aquatic Products Bureau, this Hengxian locaton is suitable from the standvoint of fish habitat, water supply amd water quality. Another pi>ssible location is Jiangkou village in the Genzhn township area of Guigang municipality. Since the site already has approximately 40 mu of fish ponds, little additional investnent would be required. The Fisheries Deparment felt that siting the spawning ground in Guigang might be preferab.e to Hengxian because of its beLter technical and management capaoilities. 101. As both spawning sround locatioms are feasible, a final decision between them will be made at a later time. An "ivestment of 1.0 million RiME w.vill be provided for the spawning facilities. 7.5 Public Health 102. In order to avoid the incicence ef epidemics during the construction proc:ess. a disease prevention unit will be set t.2 to oversee sanitay conditions and to detect the sprad of epidemic diseases at the constIuctior) site, as well as to educate the workers in hygiene. Strict hygiepac fequirements will be placed on the living quarters of workers in tbe constnuctior. area, paxcuiarly the controlled disposal of solid waste (i.e. landfihing) and domesdic sewage. Sewa,.e will be disposed of in septic tanks with drainage areas away from the reservoir. 103. A iaves=rr1ant of 0.2 million RMB will be provided for sanitation and domestic sewage treatnent. 23 7b6 life 104. A major impact to wildlife resulting fiom this project will be the disruption of tortoise and soft-shelled urtle habitat The current existence of reservoirs in the lower and upper sections of the river combined with the proposed new impoundment wil create a closed river system which may be unfavorable to the tortoise and soft-shelled trle. Due to their m rtae in the region, the following meares will be considered to assure their survival. 105. A mptaion alternative for potental wipacts to tortoise and soft-shell tute habitat is to allow surrounding fields which will be imndated to revert to wetlands. Captured tortoise and soft-shell urle species cold then be relocated to these shallow wetland areas as well as to tnbutaries which will be eniarged aftr submergence. Furthermore, these wetland areas wOuld provide valuabie habitat for wading and aquatic birds displaced by submergence in the immediate project viity. Secondly, a system of spawning platsM may be set up to provide tortoise and soft-shelled artle to the local populanon in order to decrease pressure on the wild populations once they are relocated. The scheule for project coDStcton will be caref.lly planned in order to accmmodate the tortoise and turtle breeding season and thus assure a population size that will be amenable to relocation_ 106. Prior to construction initiation, furter surveys to locate endangered animal species in the project area will undertaken as part of project ecological monitoring. In particular, care will be taken to ensure that no Chna-autumn ducks, pangolin, masked civet, silrer-ring snake, or white crane are nesting at or near the site. If any of these species should be located, special mitigation and relocation plans have been formulated. However, none of these species has been observed in the project area. Creation of new wetland areas surrounding the site will reduce the impact to the wading and aquatic bird species and possibly making relocation unnecmary. In the case of the silver-ring snake, relocation will be the only option if the species is observed. 7.7 Wetlands and Swamps 107. The project ZOI is a major agriculturai zone of Guangxi province. Substantial wetland reclamation and cultivation has occurred in this area and currently no undisturbed wetlands have been identified within the proposed project area. 108. Constrction of the proposed project will result in iundation of the surrounding agricultural fieids. Some areas may become so highly saturated that crops can no longer be grown on them. Due to the fact that water levels will rise in the mrservoir and disrupt much of the shallow water habitat it may be desirable to let the newly saturated areas revert to wetlands. Thzs reversion would provide habitat for displaced wading birds, ducks, and reptiles that rely on shallow water bodies for cover and food. 24 KEY ELEMENTS OF THE EAP/EMP FOR THE GUIGANG MULTIPURPOSE NAVIGATION PROJECT Environmental Issue Action Taken/To be-taken Responsible Entity emr A. !Construgli!n 1. Air pollution Road surfaces, excavation areas and construction areas will be sprayed Construction unit and kept moist for dust control. The number of construction vehicles working in one area at a given Construction unit time will be restricted. 2. Noise Unnecessary noise from blasting, pile driving and other construction Construction unit activities will be controlled and minimized. Hearing protection for construction workers will be provided. Construction unit 3. Surface water pollulion The reservoir bottom will be cleaned before water storage begins, Construction unit incitiding removal of vegetation, construction debris and other wastes. Dredged sludge, if generated, will be tested for hazardous substances Oulgang EPB such as Hg and Cr, and the sludge will be dlisposed of in approved, secure landrill sites when tests indicate the presence of hazardous substances. 4. Soil erosion Erosion control will be achieved by minimizing vegetation removal and Construction unit exposed surfaces until required by construction, and by installing silt traps and other erosion prevention measures. 5. ecology The project construction schedule will be planned in order to Guigang EPB, Hengxian EPB aecomodate the tortoise and turtle breeding season and thus assure a Construction unit population size that will be amenable to relocation. 25 KEY ELEMENTS OF THIE EAP/EMP FOR TIIE GUIGANG MULTIPURPOSE NAVIGATION PROJECT Tnvironmeni Isisue Action Taken/To be taken Responsible Entity Remarks Further surveys will be undertaken where necessary to locate Oulgang EPB, Hengxian 13PB endangered aninal species in the project area. 6. Inundation During the initial stages of the project, engineering measures will be Construction Unit taken to minimize loss of land and other economic assets due to inundation, including reinforcement of existing dikes, construction of additional ones in key areas and building of drainage stations. 7. Public health In order to prevent the outbreak of epidemics, strict hygiene Construction unit requirements will be placed on the construction area and workers' Quigang Health Department living quarters, particularly through the controlled disposal of solid waste (i.e. landfilling) and the use of septic tanks to dispose of domestic wewage, Efforts will be rnade to avoid creating potential breeding grounds for Construction unit rats, mosquitoes and nies, and a disease prevention unit will be set up Guigang Health Department to detect the spread of epidemic diseases. Drinking water supplies will be placed at a sufficient distance away Water Supply Company from solid waste disposal areas and septic tanks. Guigang Health Department Slope protection and reinforcement measures will be undertaken where Construction unit necessary to ensure the stability of cultural and historic sites. Cuangxi Province Cultural Relics Department 8. Cultural and historic Further field surveys, excavation and removal of relics will be carried Construction unit sites out, such as the Neolithic age relics located near the datn, as well as Guangxi Province Cultural Relies the Shangjiangkou and Jiaoyeehong relics. Department 26 KEY ELEMENTS OF THE EAP/EMP FOR TIE GUIGANG MULTIPURPOSE NAVIGATION PROJECT hnvironihental Issue Action Taken/To be taken Respons5l1e Entity Remarks 9. Relocation management A dike built to protect the ten houses in danger of inundation will Julgang and Hengxian counties and economic preclude tho need for physical resettlement of communities, development Farmers who lose their lands due to construction will be compensated. Guigang and Hlengxian counties B. Pot-ontrcion 1. Surface water pollution Comprehensivo control of discharges from existing contamination Guigang EPB sources will be implemented by the local EPB. To control barge waste oil discharges, all motorized ships will be Nitvigation administration and equipped with oil-water separators to ensure that oil content In the navigation monitoring departments discharged bilge water does not exceed 15 mg/I. Where installation of such devices is not feasible, a waste oil container will be kept on hand. Special ships will be equipped to collect waste oil At regular intervals or by patrolling the river. Greater attention will be paid to the control of contaninants from sugar Guigang EPB, Hengxian EPB and paper manufacturing, as well as wastewater collection and treatment both upstteam and dowtstream of the reservoir area. The Guigang city waterworks inlet will be relocated upstream of the tJuigang Municipal Government dam to substantially improve municipal water quality. Preliminary plans have been fonnulated to constmct a new largescale waterworks 100 meters upstream of the dam, The CGuangxi Communications Department is coordinating with the city govemment on this issue and it i5 anticipated that the new inlet structure will be completed at the same time ag the dam completion. 27 KEY ELEMENTS OF THE EAP/EMP FOR THE GUIGANG MULTIPURPOSE NAVIGATION PROJECT Environmenta lssue Action Taken/7 be taken Responsible Entity Remarks 2. Soil erosion The construction site and surrounding areas will he restored as closely Construction unit as possible to their original state. 3. Ecology Surrounding fields subject to inundation can be allowed to revert to Ouigang EPB, 11engxian 1BP wetlands in order to mitigate potential impacts to tortoise and soft-shell turtle populations. Captured tortoise and soft-shell turtle species could then be relocated to these shallow wetland areas as well as to tributaries which will be enlarged after submergence. These wetlands areas will also provide valuable habitat for wading and Ouigang EPB, Hletgxian EPB aquatic birds displaced by submergenco in tho immediate project vicinity. A system of spawning grounds will be set up to provide tortoises and Guigang EPB, Hengxian EPB soft-sholl turtles to the local population in order to decrease pressure on the wild populations once they ire relocated. In order to maintain hydrophyte populations, stagnation in the water Guigang 8P1, Hengxian EPB body will be prevented by sustaining proper flow rates In the dry season. To midtigate losses of commercially valuable fish stock, hatchery efforts Ouigang EPB, Hengxban EPB will be focused on commercial species. 4. Cultural and histotic Slope protection and reinforcement will be undertaken where necessary Operation unit sites to ensure the stability of cultural and historio sites. Guangxi Province Culturl Relics Department 28 KEY ELEMENTS OF TIE EAP/EMP FOR THE GUIGANG MULTIPURPOSE NAVIGATION PROJECT Environmental issue Aicton l-an/o be taken Responsible Entity Remarks S. Relocation management No fullest possible use will be mado of local nstural resources in order Guigang and Hengilan counties and economic to offset losses of land caused by inundation, including upgrading development- rmrginal lands, reclaiming wastelands, planting orchards, expanding aquaculture in the reservoir, and giving agro-technical training to the local population to help them improve the productivity of their lands. Farmers who lose their lands due to inundation will be compensated. Guigang and tlengsxiax counties 6. Bank collapse Surface protection and slope reinforcement measures will be adopted, Operation unit including afforestation and placement of engineered rock slopes or walls along impacted banks. C. mental g21 P1an 4. Environmental monitoring in construction phase t. Air pollution Inputs insignificant compared to other sources; civil works equipment EMO and (3MC very simple for dust, TSP and NOAISO2 control for channel. Por dam, eight dustfall jars will be positioned uniformly around the site at boundary and analyzed for quantity of dust collected during week; arrange four locations around the construction site to monitor TSP and NO,/SO2, and analyze for TSP once per day per week and once per day in every second,month for NO, and SO,, 29 KEY ELEMENTS OF Tl-E EAP/EMP FOR TIHE GUIGANG MULTIPURPOSE NAVIGATION PROJECT Environmental Issue Action Taken/To bte taken Responsible Entity Remarks 2. Noise Noise monitofing for channel will only be conducted during blasting EMG and GEMC periods. There will be two monitor sites on each shoal and it will be conducted twice per week during blasting. For dam boundary, two samples along truck route and four samples around the quarry will be tested at 10:00, 15:00 and 21:00 per day at the four air quality sites. Pre-construction: 3. Water Pollution Water monitoring for channel will begin 30 days before blasting/shoal removal in a particular section. A 500-meter transect line will be EMa and GEMC established downstream of shoal area (for Jier shoals, use Hengxian routine transect). The samples, collected once per day on two consecutive days, will be analyzed for List #2. For dam, however, monitoring samples which use October '94 data for Luchon (3 km above dam site) and Guigang City (2 km below dam site) transects will he conducted once per day for two consecutive days and analyzed for List #1. During Construction (major monitoring) Sample nearest downriver transect once per month during construction, P.MG and CEMC once per day on two consecutive days and analyzed for List #2. There will be one set each week for dam. Samples ot Luichon transect (upstream of the construction zone), 500 meters downstream of the construction zone and 50 meters upstream of the (Juigang Water Intake will be collected once per day on two consecutive days and be analyzed for List #2. During Construction (minor monitoring): Samples for channel will be collected every second day during EMO and GEMC blasting/removal at the nearest downriver transect. Monitoring around dam will be conducted every second day for first three months of coffer 30 KEY ELEMENTS OF THE EAP/EMP FOR THE GUIGANG MULTIPURPOSE NAVIGATION PROJECT Einvironmental Issue Action Taken/To be taken Responsible Entity Remarks dam construction and month of coffer dam removal for both Phse I and Phase If coffer dams. Samples at Luchon transect (upstream of site), 200 meters, 400 meters, 800 meters and 1600 meters downstream of coffer dam will be taken, and same sampling frequency when shiplock is connected to shipping channel. All samples will be analyzed for DO and SS. Post Construction: Samples at the first monitoring transect downriver from the shoat area EMG and GEMC for channel will be taken once per day within one week after completion of construction. Monitoring for dam will be conducted one week after completing removal of coffer damns for Phase I and Phase IL. Samples, located at Luchon transect (upstream of the construction zone), 500 meters downstream of the construction zone and 50 meters upstream of the Guigang Water Intake, will be collected once per day on two consecutive days for each set. All samples will be analyzed for List #2. 4. Ecology Annual surveys will be undertaken for channel in order to assure EMQ and GEMC population size of ducks, turtles and fish that will loso or experience a significant change in habitat. lhere will be no permanent sampling location at urbanized and impactedc area for dam. 5. Fish No dredging is projected for chanel setions. Monitoring at Guigang EMG and GBMC City transect will be conducted twice per year, including analysis of four adult fish for fig, Cd, As, Cr, Pb and Zn. 31 KEY ELEMENTS OF THE EAPIEMP FOR THE GUIGANG MULTIPURPOSE NAVIGATION PROJECT Environmental Issue Action Taen/lo e ta en Responsi e *ntity emarks b. Operational phase .1, Air pollution Situation to improve or not change for dust, TSP and NO/SO2 for EMG and GEMC channel or dam. No sampling located. 2. Noise Situation to improve or not change for channel and no sampling EMO and GEMC located. There will be five monitoring stations at facility boundary and samples will be collected in the morning or in the aftemoon one day per month. 3. Water pollution Samples located at four routine transects (Hengxian, Fubo, Luchon and EMO and GEMC Guigang City) will be taken for channel and dam three times per year taking samples once a day for two continuous days. Samples will be analyzed for List #1. 4. Fish - - There will be no dredging and sampling projected for channel seetions. EMO and OEMC However, sampling at Guigang City transect will be conducted twice a year including analysis of four adult fish for Hg, Cd. As, Cr, Pb and Zn. 32 SECTION II ENVIRONMENTAL MONIrORING PLAN 1 INTRODUCTION, 1.1 Background 109. This project Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP) has been formulated in consultation with the Guangxi Communications Department (GCD), and the Guigang and Hengxian Environmental Protection Bureaus (EPBs)- The Environmental Action Plan (EAP) and EMP were also reviewed by the Guangxi Enviromnental Protection Bureau (GEPB) and approved in December 1994. 110. As detailed in the EHA report, the overall project impacts are minimized due to relatively good planning and implementation strategies on the part of the project proponents. An overall monitorng strategy, however, is required (i) to ensure early detection of conditions that necessitate particular protection measures, and (ii) to provide information on the progress and results of protection measures. 111. A detailed monitoring pla was formulated in consultation with provincial and local environmental regulatory agencies in Guangxi and the World Bank. The plan was approved by the GCD in December 1994 and commitments were obtained for its implementation. The monitoring plan is presented in table form at the end of Section H. 1.2 Pre-Construction Monitoring in the Proiect Area 1.2.1 Regulatory Monitoring Requirements a. Hydrology and Meteorology 112. There are hydrological and meteorological stations operating at Xijin reservoir and the Guigang section of the Yujiang niver. b. Water Quality 113. Figure 1.2-1 presents the distribution of pollution sources and monitoring stations in the project area and Figure 1.2.2 presents location of monitoring tansects, water inlets and discharge points within Guigang city. Where possible existing river tansecs have been selected for project water quality monitoring, however additional transects were also selected to ensure comprehensive data collection as presented in Figure 1.2.1. In order to assure data consistency, all transects selected for construction phase monitoring shall also be used for operation phase monitoring. 33 1.2.1 WM CIng'ulh FCnliluzr Fpctory S.garcno c hemnici Frctory Ltyuiiarte River irnq ec s(ft - ~~~~~l~tivijC wcti a5 a XilIgnt 2 m X E P X ccnitat P*cl VbIto Rivere* ~ tM, Qmki.ns Rivtr Pe~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Fnitur Factory Xijin RA oeict HSnexian Coumy Sug r Rerr t'oed Prod~~ctu Vict"ory jX~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o _u factln"nec Yuj\n qj 11 Ton. r _iertititrc h ctory Sts || 1!l*lb | /< 1X(j .... .. / {. *t>* , '£ r. 3:c'"''~ '"''''''9^1 _= /i ' 8 .1 ' @ \ | ^ 1 ! w | I 15 S I 1l 1 i7 - _______ ,~~~~~~~~ ~~juchi ~~~~ a ~~~ uT { ~~~Figure 1.2.2 114 Three existing monitoring locations were selected at Lucun, Tieqiao bridge and on the Liyujiang river, additionally a transect was selected approximately 500 meters downstream of the construction zone. River water has been sampled thrice annually at the permanent trnsects since 1981 at Lucun, Tieqiao bridge and the Liyujiang river, the latest monitoring event occurred in October 1994. The monitored parameters are: pH value, color degree, total hardness, SS,DO, COD, BOD5, total P. N113-N,N02-N, N03-N, phenol, Hg, CN-, , Cd, Pb, Cu, Cl-, coliform bacteria, total bacteria and water teruperature. List I attached to the monitoring plan at the end of Section II includes all parameters monitored three times per year by GEMC and Hengxian EMC (HEMC). 1.2.2 Mqcn ;oring Undertakern for the Proposed Project EIA d. Projt. Monitoring Network and Parameters 115. One mn-itoring location was selected at the Hengxian transect and two others at the Lucbur. a,d Tieqiao transects of the Yujiang river to monitor water quality upstream of tue project site. Both transects are regularly monitored by HEMC and GEMC. The monitored parameters are FEnilar to those presented in List 1. 116. One monitoring location was seLcted downsuream of the Hengxian Sugar Factory waste water discharge area to monitor the cross-sectional distnrbution of pollutants. 117. Additional monitoring locations were selected downstream of the proposed project site as presented in the monitoring plan and Figure 1.2.1 to monitor the lock area and downstream water quality during both construction and operation phases. Justifications for location and parameter selection are presented in the monitoring plan. b. Ecological Surveys 118. Fish: Surveys have been completed in the Yujiang river from Xijin dam to the proposed dam site and tributaries such as the Wusijiang, Wajiang, Dabujiang, Yunbiaohe. It is proposed that fish toxic substance accumulation analyses will be undertaken semi- annually downstream of the project site to evaluate accumulation of metals. 119. Zooplankton and phytoplankton: Three monitoring locations were selected at Hengzhou, the proposed dam site and at the Wusijiang, 3 km from its confluence with the Yujiang. Data included zooplankton, phytoplankton, benthon and aquatic'plants. 120. Surveys of ecological habitats will be performed on an annual basis to ensure that there will be no impacts on wild or endangered aninmals in the project area. As mentioned above, the project area is relatively developed and as such endangered animals have not been observed in the reservoir area. 121. The rnonitoring contract with GEMC mentioned in the EAP will include all water quality, noise, air quality and ecological mnonitoring required by the project. 36 c. Bank Collapse and Inundation 122. Bank collapse: Six geologic survey sections were established for the bank- collapse survey. These surveys will be undertaken by the waterway management unit (XjP,). 123. Imindation: Three geologic survey sections were established for the study of inundation. Pumping tests have been done to estimate aquiclude thickness, infiltration coefficients and soil properties. 2. PURPOSE OF THE MONITORING 124- Following evaluation of environmental impacts during and after reservoir construction, together with normal environmental monitoring requirements; monitoring parameters, network distribution and frequency were determined. Short-term and long-temi environmental monitoring shall be performed to determine changes in the ecological environment, water quality, bank failure and inundation, so that appropriate protection measures can be applied to alleviate potential environmental impacts. 3. SCOPE OF APPLICATION AND MONITORIiG 3.1 Enviromnental Monitoring During Construction a. Water quality monitoring: 125. Details of monitoring locations, frequency and parameters are presented in the monitoring plan at nie end of Section II and in Figure 1.2.1 - Monitoring will be undertaken at downstream. locations for all blasting and construction sites 30 days prior to initiation of activities to evaluate background water quality. Upstream data will also be collected at the dam site prior to constiuction initiation to evaluate the quality of water flowing into the construction site. 126. During construction, sampling will be performed in accordance with the monitoring plan at all activity locations. Daily SS and DO monitoring will be performed downstream of all activity locations to evaluate immediate water quality impacts. Comprehensive monthly and seasonal sampling will be undertaken and samples will be analyzed for the parameters in Lists I and 2 accordingly. b. Atmospheric monitoring: 127. Air quality monitoring will be undertaken in the construction, quarry and blasting areas as well as consmtction roads. Monitoring will be undertaken by GEMC personmel at various sensitive locations which will be determined by the project Environmental Management Group (EMG) during the construction activities. Dust sampling will be performed at both the dam site and the quarry site by placing dust receptacles around construction sites and analyzing dust colected. Air sampling will also be performed in the workers living area. 37 c. Ecological monitoring: 128. Three ecological sample collection sites have been selected as presented in Figure 1.2.1 to monitor changes in the local hydro-ecology during construction. Accumulation of toxic substances in fish will be monitored semi-annually downstream of the construction site and surveys of wild animals will also be undertaken at the same time. d. Noise monitoring: 129. Noise monitoring will be undertak-en at the construction site, blasting locations, construction roadways and quarry area. Environmental management personnel and GEMC staff will be supplied with noise monitoring equipment to monitor sensitive areas during project activities on a daily basis. e. Meteorological observation: 130. A meteorological observation station will be established near the dam site to record climatic conditions. 3.2 Envirornental Monitoring Duinn Operation Phase a. Water quality monitoring: 131. The permanent construction phase monitoring tansects presented in Figure 1.2.1 will continue to be used during the project operation phase. The locations, frequency and parameters monitored are presented in Figure 1.2.1 and the monitoring plan at the end of Section n. The operation phase monitoring shall be undertaken by GEMC which currently performs water quality monitoring at several transects within Guigang city three times per year. c. Ecological monitoring: 132. The three ecological sample collection points will be retained to monitor changes in rie local hydro-ecology after construction. Monitoring of toxic substances in fish r'illl also continue semi-annuaHly at the same location downstream of the darn site. Semi- a.nual surveys of wild animal habitats will continue as part of the routine environmental survey of the reservoir site by GEMC. d. Benthic deposition monitoring: 133. Benthic material sample collection will continue on an annual basis to monitor post-constructionr impacts. e. Bank collapse observation: 134. Observation points will be established in sections previously affected by bank collapse in order to adopt corresponding protection measures. The' monitoring sites are 38 chiefly located in areas where bank failure may occur and have not been reinforced during construction. f. Inundation observation: 135. Several observation points will be established in areas susceptible. to inundation (including agricultural iand and residential areas) in order to adopt corresponding protection measures. The observation sites are chiefly located in potentially inundated areas as anticipated in the EIA report. Other observation sites wiU be set up where -mcessary in order to evaluate the un-anticipated impacts of inundation. 4. MONITORING PARAMEIERS AND REQUIREMENTS 4.1 Water Ouality 136. Water quality monitoring parameters include those presented i Lists I and 2 of the monitoring plan. The monitoring frequency and locations are -presented in the monitoring plan. Sampling and analysis will be undertaken by GEMC under the supervision of the EMG and will be in compLiance with Chinese environmental monitoring standards. 4.2 Atmospheric Monitorin¢ 137. - No activities requiring operation phase monitoring have been identified. thus none is planned at this time. However if the EMG identifies sensitive activities during the operation phase a monitoring program will be initiated. 138. Noise monitoring shall be performed at five locations on a monthly basis as outlined in the monitoring plan. 4.3 Hydrology and Meteorology 139. Hydrological observation includes water levels, flow rates, water temperature and precipitation. Data collection will be conducted in accordance with the Chinese hydraulic monitoring standards. 140. Meteorological monitoring parameters include: precipitation, temperature, humidity, wind direction and wind speed, evaporation, fog and frost days. Chinese meteorological monitoring protocols shall be observed. 4-4 Ecological Monitorina- 141. Ecological monitoring include phytoplankton, zooplankton. benthic materials, aquatic plants and fish. The monitoring shall be performed semi-annually. Concentrations of toxic substances in fish will be tested semi-annually to determine if bio-accumulation is occurring. Ecological surveys of wild animals will also be carried out semi-annually to ensure that the project does not impact any animals which may be observed. 39 142. The benthic material monitoring parameters are: moismre content, grain size analysis, sub-iron, Mn, PH, ammonia mntrogen, nitate nitrogen, organic nitrogen, total phosphorous and organic carbon. Sampling shall be done twice per year. 4.5 Bank Failure and Inundation 143. Bank failure and inudation monitoring parameters are: water level (including groundwater level) and bank geotechnical properties 5. MONITORING ORGANIZATION ANTD PERSONNEL ARRANGEMENT 5.1 Monitorina Organization 5.1.1 Construction and Operational Phases 144. As discussed in the EAP, an Environmental Management Group (EMG) shall be estabished within the XWPH which shall manage all project environmental issues. The monitoring prog,ram, including water quality, air, noise, and ecological monitoring shall be undertaken under the supervision of the EMG by GEMC during both the construction and operational phases. 145. Meteorological observation shall be conducted by XJPHI during the construction and operational phases. 146. Bank failure and inundation observaLion shall be conducted by survey and design institutes working within XJPH. 5.2 Laboratory Capabilities 147. The laboratories at GEMC have been inspected and found to be adequate for successful completion of the monitoring programm A list of capabilities are included with the monitoring program at the end of Section 11. 5.3 Trai 148. Six EMG and GEMC personnel will receive technical training on rsampling, monitoring equipment operation, analysis and report preparation locally while six EMG and