Community Characteristics compared with 79% of rural communities. from the Nigeria General Furthermore, only 61% of rural communities reported having a secondary school within 5km Household Survey – Panel of the center of the community, in comparison to 84% of urban communities. In 2010, the Nigeria National Bureau of Statistics implemented the General Household Survey % of schools within 5km of community (GHS), which included a panel component focusing on agriculture and household welfare. The GHS-Panel survey was conducted on a 100 sample of 5,000 households and is nationally 80 representative. The survey was implemented in Rural 60 two visits to households: visit 1 ran from August to October 2010 and visit 2 ran from February to 40 Urban April 2011. As part of the GHS-Panel, community- 20 level information was collected from a group of 0 key informants, from which several key findings Primary Secondary are presented below. Introduction Despite the clear discrepancies between rural and urban levels of access to education, the The GHS-Panel community questionnaire above chart shows that the majority of Nigerian surveyed approximately 500 communities across children have the opportunity to attend both Nigeria. In the first visit, community respondents primary and secondary school within a provided information on the prices for common reasonable distance from their community food items, agricultural labor, and land prices centers, regardless of whether they live in urban and credit. In the second visit, community or rural areas. respondents answered questions concerning infrastructure and transportation, local organizations, changes over time within the Health community, key events, resource management, The urban/rural divide also extends into the as well as questions on community needs, health sector, where 80% of urban communities actions, and achievements. have health centers within 5km of the center of their community, in contrast to 57% of rural Education communities. Hospitals provide more services than health centers, and are therefore less likely The community data from the GHS-Panel survey to be widely accessible, and most likely to be asked detailed information about the presence of located within urban centers. The GHS-Panel nursery, primary, and secondary schools within finds this to be the case, in that 68% of urban each community. As might be expected, urban communities have access to a public hospital communities enjoyed a greater level of access to within 5km of the center of their community. As schooling at both the primary and secondary would be expected, rural dwellers need to travel level, with the difference between urban and further in order to access a public hospital; the rural access becoming more apparent at the percentage of hospitals within 5km of the center secondary level. 98% of urban communities of a given community is found to be a little less reported having a primary school within less than than 25%. 5km from the center of the community, as Nigeria National Bureau of Statistics Brief www.nigerianstat.gov.ng % of health care providers organizations in any given community, followed within 5km of community by parent-teacher associations, youth groups, and village development committees. 100 80 60 Key Events 40 The GHS-Panel contains information on all 20 Rural important events that occurred in its surveyed 0 Urban communities within the five years prior to the administration of the survey. The events ranged from negative events such as droughts, floods, and epidemic diseases, to positive events such as new roads, new schools, or the advent of electricity. Comparing across the availability of various types of health infrastructure, health centers emerge as In total, communities reported almost 2,000 the primary health care provider for people living important events of note, of which 1,142 were in rural communities, whereas urban dwellers are negative and 842 were positive. The negative able to choose from a wider variety of options, event that was most frequently reported by the with high levels of access to private clinics and surveyed communities was a sharp change in private doctors as well as midwives. prices, which underlines the significant impact of the price of goods on livelihood and welfare. The Local Organizations other more common negative events were forms The GHS-Panel provides detailed information on of natural disasters, specifically floods and crop the types of organizations existing in each diseases/pests. community. Among other information, the GHS- Panel contains data on the number of different The most frequently reported positive event was types of organizations, the frequency of improved transportation services, which was organization meetings, the number of members reported by more than 140 communities in the of each organization, and the gender balance of GHS-Panel. New roads and new schools were the members. also frequently reported, which seems to point to a general level of improved infrastructure across Key local organizations on which information was Nigerian communities. requested included Village Development Committees, agricultural cooperatives, savings Approximately one quarter of all events listed and credit cooperatives, business associations, were reported to have affected every member of women’s groups, parent-teacher associations, as the community. Of these, the survey found that well as groups centered around interests such as positive and negative events were evenly split, health, culture, education, youth, and politics. with 263 positive events and 262 events that affected the entire community over the 5-year reporting period. Types of Community Organizations Cultural This brief is based on data collected by the Community 9% 7% Other Nigeria National Bureau of Statistics as part of Women 26% the Living Standards Measurement Study – 10% Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) project. The full dataset is available for download at www.worldbank.org/lsms-isa. Village 11% For more information, please visit: Political www.nigerianstat.gov.ng Parent- 13% Youth Or contact: 12% teacher 12% National Bureau of Statistics feedback@nigerianstat.gov.ng From the chart above, we can see that political organizations are the most commonly found Nigeria National Bureau of Statistics Brief www.nigerianstat.gov.ng