E962 V. 2 China ­ Jincheng Coal Bed Methane Project Environmental Assessment Annexes and Figures Annex A Reference Documents 1. Technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment - General principles HJ/T2.1-93 2. Technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment - Atmospheric environment HJ/T2.2-93 3. Technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment - Surfacewater environment HJ/T2.3-93 4. Technical Guidelines for Noise Impact Assessment HJ/T2.4-1995 5. The World Bank operational manual op4.01 January 1999 Environmental Assessment 6. Thermal Power-Guidelines for new plants, World Bank 1997 7. Feasibility Report for Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant of Jincheng Anthracite Mining Group Co. Ltd of Shanxi Province Zhongjizhongdian Design Research Institute, Dec. 2002 8. Feasibility Report---- Comparison of units schemes for Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant of Jincheng Anthracite Mining Group Co. Ltd of Shanxi Province Zhongjizhongdian Design Research Institute,Oct. 2003 9. Environmental Impact Assessment Report of 120MW Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant (for Approval) EIA Center of Meteorological Science Research Institute of China, Sep. 2002 10. Environmental Impact Registry Form Sheet for the Outgoing 110kV Transmission Line of Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Jincheng Anthracite Mining Group Co. Ltd of Shanxi Province, Nov. 2003 11. Previous Apply for Water Intake License Jincheng Anthracite Mining Group Co. Ltd of Shanxi Province,Jul. 2003 12. Demonstration Report of Water Resource of Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Project Shanxi Provincial Water Resource Research Institute,May 2003 1 Annex B Public Participation 1.Objective of public participation and method of investigation Objective of public participation ----By visiting the public around the proposed Project site, explain to the public general description of the Project, possible environmental problems incurred by the Project and environmental protection measures to be made to settle these problems; ----Consult the public for their opinions and suggestions on construction of the Project; ----Get understanding and support of the public; ----Involve production course and discharging situation of the Project in supervision of the public; and ----Attain the purpose of environmental protection by the whole people. Method of investigation We handed out public participation questionnaires to the public around the proposed Project in May 2002. Firstly, we made an introduction to interviewees of general description and construction meanings of the proposed power plant, of environmental protection measures to be taken in the Project and social and environmental benefits of the Project; of positive and negative impacts on peripheral areas to be brought by the proposed power plant when it is completed. And then we asked interviewees to fill in the questionnaires. 2. General content of the questionnaires According to characteristics of surroundings around the proposed power plant and experiences of ordinary public consulting, major content of this public participation questionnaires is designed to include the following three parts: a) Ideas of interviewees on environmental status quo around them; b) Ideas of interviewees on environmental impacts to be incurred by the proposed Project; c) Opinions and suggestions of interviewees on the proposed Project. 2 3.Interviewee Interviewees of this public investigation are mainly residents around the proposed Project. We got total 25 valid questionnaires in this public consulting. General situation of the interviewees are given in table B3. 4.Results and analysis of the investigation 4.1 Ideas of interviewees on environmental status quo around them The results of the investigation are listed in table B4-1. The table shows: · Interviewees regarding traffic situation as the problem affecting local economical development nowadays take up 39.3%, those regarding nature resources do 17.9%, and those regarding other problems do 28.6%. · Most of the interviewees (53.8%) think status quo of local environmental quality is ordinary, 26.9% of them think it comparatively poor and 19.3% of them think it very good or relatively good. · For the major problem of local environment nowadays, interviewees holding noise occupy 43.3%, those holding air do 32.4% and those holding water bodies do 16.2%. Most of or relatively many interviewees have the opinion on status quo of the surroundings: traffic conditions are comparatively poor, status quo of environmental quality is ordinary and the main problem affecting environment is noise. Reflections about noise by the interviewees are principally pointed to the 4×2000km coal-bed gas pilot plant near the proposed power plant site. 4.2 Ideas of interviewees on environmental impacts to be incurred by the proposed Project The results of the investigation are listed in table B4-2. The table shows: · Interviewees regarding noise as the impact on local environment incurred by construction of the Project take up 31.4%, those regarding water body do 28.6%, and those regarding farm field occupation do 22.8%. 3 · Most of the interviewees (80%) think construction of the Project is helpful to promote local economic development. Nobody thinks it is not helpful except the minority who think it is possible helpful or do not know. · For the favorable influences on local environment to be brought by construction of the Project, interviewees holding promotion of economic development occupy 36.7%, those holding improvement of atmospheric environment do 26.7%, and those holding beautification of environment do 23.4%. Most of them (81.5%) hold that positive influence to be brought by construction of the Project on local society and individuals is to promote economic development and to increase incomes. Most of the interviewees have the opinion that construction of the Project is helpful to promoting local economic development and to raising family incomes possibly. Relatively many interviewees are worried about negative noise impact and water body pollution incurred by construction of the Project. 4.3 Opinions and suggestions of interviewees on environmental protection of the proposed Project. Opinions and suggestions of interviewees on environmental protection of the proposed Project principally include the following points: 1) To increase silencing measures and control units noise. 2) To build the Project in accordance with environmental protection project and discharge wastewater conformed with the standards. 3) To make reasonable planning and save water. 4) To pay attention to sustainable development and strengthen consciousness of environmental protection. 5) To create good working environment and build up a garden coal-bed gas power plant. 4.4 Conclusion of public participation investigation It is concluded by means of public participation investigation: 1) Local residents have comparatively strong participation consciousness and certain 4 environmental protection ideas. They know something about status quo of local environmental quality and environmental impacts incurred by the proposed Project. Also they can express their opinions objectively. 2) Most of local people think that status quo of environmental quality is ordinary and noise is the main environmental impact to be brought by the proposed Project. 3) Most of the interviewees deem that construction of the Project is helpful to promoting local economic development; and relatively many interviewees are worried about negative noise impact incurred by the Project. 4) The interviewees hope generally that the Project became an environmental protection project----pay attention to water saving, create good working environment and build up a garden coal-bed gas power plant. 5 Table B3 Name list and general situation of interviewees in the public participation Order Name Gender Age Education degree Occupation 1 Zhou Dong Male 35 University Technologist 2 Zhao Haiyan Female 22 University Worker 3 Wu Rangkui Male 64 University Technologist 4 Guo Linfu Male 44 Junior high school Employee 5 Zhao Junhui Male 33 University Worker 6 Guo Haichao Male 24 Junior high school Farmer 7 Li Shuwen Male 24 Junior high school Farmer 8 GuoHailun Male 30 Junior high school Worker 9 Fan Yungang Male 25 Technical secondary school Technologist 10 Wang Qianjin Male 35 Technical secondary school Cadre 11 Ren Xiaowo Female 24 Technical secondary school Cadre 12 Ren Jianqiang Male 22 Junior high school Farmer 13 Niu Dongdong Male 19 Junior high school Worker 14 Zhao Xuedong Male 21 Technical secondary school Worker 15 Sun Xiaogang Male 22 Technical secondary school Worker 16 MaYaojun Male 23 Technical secondary school Farmer 17 Yang Jiangang Male 22 Technical secondary school Worker 18 Chai Ansheng Male 45 Technical secondary school Worker 19 Ren Zhesong Male 25 Technical secondary school Cadre 20 Lu Xiongsheng Male 30 Technical secondary school Worker 21 Pu Lijun Male 25 Junior high school Farmer Famrer ( Yinzhuang 22 Shang Kaiming Male 54 Junior high school VillageCommitee) 23 Duan Shuwen Male 25 University Cadre 24 Shen Jiakun Male 48 Junior high school Worker 25 Guo Ruiping Female 25 University Cadre 6 Table B4-1 Opinions of the interviewees on status quo of the surroundings Problems affecting local economic development nowadays Question 1 Power supply Traffic situation Nature resources Other Unaware Mantime 1 11 5 8 3 Percentage % 3.6 39.3 17.9 28.6 10.6 Status quo of local environmental quality Question 2 Very good Relatively good Ordinary Relatively poor Unaware Mantime 1 4 14 7 0 Percentage % 3.9 15.4 53.8 26.9 0 Major problem of local environment nowadays Question 3 Air Water body Noise Other Unaware Mantime 12 6 16 3 0 Percentage % 32.4 16.2 43.3 8.1 0 Table B4-2 Ideas of interviewees on environmental impacts to be incurred by the proposed Project Negative impact on local environment incurred by construction of the Project Question 1 Air Water body Noise Farm field occupation Ecological balance Other Unaware Man time 1 10 11 8 2 2 1 Percentage % 29 28.6 31.4 22.8 5.7 5.7 2.9 Whether helpful to promotion of local economic development for construction of the Project Question 2 Yes Possibly yes No Unaware Man time 20 3 0 2 Percentage % 80 12 0 8 Possible favorable influence on local environment to be brought by construction of the Project Question 3 Improve Promote Accelerate Relieve tight Improve Beautify atmospheric traffic economic power water Unaware environment environment development development supply resource Man time 8 1 7 11 1 1 1 Percentage % 26.7 3.3 23.4 36.7 3.3 3.3 3.3 Impact on local society and individual families to be brought by construction of the Project Question 4 Promote economic Promote Relieve tight power development and increase environmental No impact supply family incomes protection projects Man time 1 22 3 1 Percentage % 3.7 81.5 11.1 3.7 7 Annex C Prediction and assessment of atmospheric environment impact This work is based on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report by Meteorological Science Research Institute of China (MSRIC). We adopt basic data and meteorological analysis of pollution in the EIA report. We have completed the whole prediction work. 1. Meteorological conditions 1.1 Metrological investigation and analysis The following information was collected for the assessment: ----meteorological observation information of pollution on the ground and at low altitude on the site of Panzhuang and Qudi Villages (Feb 18~Mar 18, 1992), in Xinqu atmospheric environmental impact assessment of Jincheng Municipal Bureau of Mines in 1995; ----perennial meteorological information (1956~1990) of Jincheng, Yangcheng and Qinshui MeteorologicalStations; and relevant analysis results; and ----meteorological information of 2000 of Jincheng Meteorological Station. Topography of the large area inside and outside the assessment area has not changed since 1992; during this period, there has been no other project construction or land development and utilization in other aspects except the small scaled coal-bed gas pilot power plant near the proposed Plant. Therefore, it is concluded that climatic conditions in and around the assessment area has not changed. In accordance with stipulations of the guideline (6.2.2a, HJ/T2.2-93), meteorological observation information on the site in 1992 can be used directly. The following analysis is based mainly on meteorological observation information of pollution on the site of Panzhuang Village because the village is quite near (1.3km) the proposed Plant site and has the same topography as the Plant site. The proposed Plant site is located in Qinhe River valley and "watercourse wind" effect there is very obvious according to meteorological observation information on site. "Watercourse wind" effect usually makes most system wind in larger area become the wind flowing in the river valley direction when system wind runs to the river valley. For this characteristic of the assessment area, perennial meteorological information of meteorological stations nearby cannot be employed directly. For this reason, we make modification in the assessment in compliance with requirements of the guideline so as to consider fully "watercourse wind" effect and meteorological observation information on site in associated analysis and revision methods. 8 On the basis of finding out the correlation between perennial meteorological information of the meteorologicalstation and meteorological observation information on site, the modified perennial meteorological information is principally used for counting associated frequency of wind direction, velocity and stability, so as to forecast average concentrations of long term (years) and offer appearance frequency of some adverse meteorological conditions. In the above three meteorological stations, Jincheng Meteorological Station is representative in system wind field in larger area; while, the other two stations lack representativity because they are located in complicated topography district different from the proposed Plant site. Therefore, perennial meteorological information of Jincheng Meteorological Station is mainly involved in determination of the correlation. We contrast and analyze meteorological information of 2000 and the said 35 years of permanent meteorological information of Jincheng Meteorological Station in order to determine their representativity and application value. The analysis results show that the parameter deciding the correlation between the meteorological information and the assessment area is mainly the ratio of toward-south wind frequency to toward-north wind frequency; the ratios of the two kinds of meteorological information are almost the same; their rose diagrams of annual wind directions are generally consistent. However, wind direction frequency (since 1992) especially in winters has certain difference from perennial meteorological information because Jincheng Meteorological Station changed the height of wind measuring points since 1992, which made calm windspeed formerly recorded be lifted to small windspeed whose directions are comparatively complex. Most small windspeed is incurred by factors of partial areas and cannot represent system wind field. The rose diagram of wind direction in 2000 after filtering frequency of small wind directions is generally consistent with that of perennial meteorological information (refer to figure 1.1-1 and figure 1.1-2). Rules in other aspects are also consistent generally besides wind direction frequency. 1.2 Climatic characteristics The assessment area belongs to semi humid area of warm and humid zone of East Asia monsoon region with continental climate and clear-cut four seasons. According to perennial meteorological information of Jincheng Meteorological Station, average annual temperature is 10.9? , extreme max temperature is 37.3? and extreme min temperature is ­16.3? . Frost-free period is 180 days or so. Max depth of frozen earth is 430mm. Leading wind direction in summers is S (frequency----15%) with the average wind velocity of 1.9m/s; leading wind direction in winters is NW (frequency----17%) with the average wind velocity of 2.3m/s; and average annual wind velocity is 2.2m/s with the max wind power of 10 degrees. See figure 1.1-2----rose diagrams of wind direction of all the year and every season from Jincheng Meteorological Station. Average annual precipitation reaches 627.2mm. Annual max precipitation is 891mm and annual min precipitation is 430mm. 9 Precipitation from June to September covers 60% of annual precipitation. The average evaporation amount of many years is 1680.88m and evaporation amount from April to July covers 50% of annual evaporation capacity. 1.3 Meteorological elements Figure 1.1-1 shows rose diagrams of wind direction of Jan, Apr, Jul and Oct in many years (1956~1990) and of all the year from Jincheng Meteorological Station. And the low right is the rose diagram of 2000. Figure 1.1-2 shows rose diagram of average wind velocity in 2000 from Jincheng Meteorological Station at top right corner and the rose diagram of wind direction in 2000 after filtering small wind direction frequency from Jincheng Meteorological Station at top left corner. At low left of figure 1.1-2 is the rose diagram of wind direction observed on the site of Panzhuang Village (refer to table 1.3-3); at low right is the rose diagram of annual wind direction in Panzhaung Village area modified according to wind direction frequency of all the year of 2000 from Jincheng Meteorological Station with "watercourse wind" effect in the assessment area taken into consideration. Table 1.3-1 lists associative frequency of wind direction, wind velocity and stability of Jincheng meteorological Station in 2000. Table 1.3-2 gives ground wind direction frequency of the year and every season in 2000 from Jincheng Meteorological Station. Table 1.3-3 shows synchronous observation data of ground wind direction and wind velocity on the site of Panzhuang Village and at Jincheng meteorological station (Feb.18-Mar. 18, 1992). Table 1.3-4 is observation data of wind direction frequency (%)at different heights on the site of Panzhuang Village (Feb.18-Mar. 18, 1992). And the other tables are: Table 1.3-5----ground wind direction frequency for many years (1956~1990) of Jincheng Meteorological Station; Table 1.3-6---- stability frequency and average ground wind velocity for many years (1956~1990) of Jincheng Meteorological Station; Table 1.3-7---- observation data of mixing layer height on Panzhuang Village site; Table 1.3-8----data calculated with the recommended method of HJ/T2.2-93 and amended with observation data on the site of Panzhuang Village. 10 Comparing the two bottom rose diagrams, we can see that total trends of wind direction frequency in 2000 and many years are consistent and leading wind directions are both NW and S; however, the wind direction frequency of NE~SSE in 2000 is a little more than that of many years. According investigation results, the major reason is that the set height of the anemometer at Jincheng Meteorological Station was changed. The higher height in 2000 made some frequency of wind velocity (less than 1.5m/s induced by the lower anemometer) be lifted to frequency of wind velocity between 1.5~2m/s. This point can be proved by rose diagrams of wind velocity in 2000 in figure 1.1-2 (NE~SSE wind velocities are all less than 2m/s). Figure 1.1-2 is the rose diagram of wind direction in 2000 after filtering some small wind frequencies and is very consistent with the rose diagram of wind direction of many years at low left corner in figure 1.1-1. It is concluded through this comparison that ? From the view point of system wind in large area, wind direction frequencies in 2000 and many years are generally consistent i.e. these two frequencies can be used interchangably under this condition; ? For the assessment area in Qinhe River valley, the valuable is only system wind with high velocities if referring to meteorological data of many years of Jincheng Meteorological Station; mild wind caused by factors of partial area will not affect system wind. In accordance with "watercourse wind" effect, the wind forming an included angle no more than 450 with the watercourse will divert to watercourse direction. Form table 1.3-4, it is obvious that the assessment area in Qinhe River valley complies with this rule generally. The middle and bottom three dia grams in figure 1.1-2 are rose diagrams of wind direction frequency in winters, summers and the year, modified according to the said "watercourse wind" effect on the basis of observation data in Panzhuang Village area and wind direction frequency data of many years of Jincheng Meteorological Station. 11 Table 1.3-1 Associative frequency of wind direction, wind velocity and stability of Jincheng meteorological station in 2000( % ) Stability U10(m/s) N NNE NE EN E E ES E SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW C f U10(m/s) B <1.5 0.25 0.22 0.26 0.87 1.60 1.01 <1.5 0.06 7.23 3.24 1.6~3.0 0.28 0.16 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.23 0.55 0.23 0.27 0.26 C 3.1~5.0 0.20 0.73 0.50 0.54 0.82 0.55 1.10 <1.5 0.82 1.00 0.67 0.64 1.00 0.26 0.54 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.55 0.27 0.80 8.82 44.39 2.82 1.6~3.0 0.28 0.28 0.25 0.42 0.16 0.50 1.40 1.42 0.56 0.54 0.55 0.31 0.55 0.27 0.28 0.79 D 3.1~5.0 0.03 0.28 0.45 0.53 0.25 0.51 1.42 1.62 4.86 0.26 0.28 0.27 1.02 1.93 0.25 5.1~7.0 0.15 0.51 0.52 0.28 0.26 1.00 1.63 >7.0 0.08 1.09 0.20 <1.5 0.57 0.54 1.34 1.45 1.06 0.75 1.42 0.81 0.55 0.53 0.82 0.82 0.54 0.54 0.25 9.28 32.25 1.12 E 1.6~3.0 0.56 0.27 0.54 0.80 0.25 0.50 1.00 1.18 1.35 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.55 0.81 0.53 3.1~5.0 0.26 0.14 0.52 0.26 0.27 0.35 F <1.5 0.28 0.27 0.79 0.55 0.56 0.52 0.20 0.81 0.27 0.25 0.53 4.23 14.53 1.15 1.6~3.0 0.82 0.14 0.50 0.50 0.58 1.37 0.55 0.25 0.56 f 3.90 1.80 5.30 4.00 3.20 3.60 8.50 7.84 10.60 2.30 3.00 0.60 4.62 4.78 9.00 3.70 23.26 f1 2.23 0.99 1.62 2.10 0.91 2.21 5.56 6.57 9.51 1.30 1.11 0.60 3.26 3.44 7.93 2.12 48.36 U10(m/s) 1.72 1.86 1.70 1.67 1.44 2.00 2.40 2.78 3.02 1.79 1.56 2.00 2.40 3.23 4.31 2.44 Symbol description: f- total frequency of wind direction or stability; f1- wind direction frequency when light wind filtered; U10- average ground wind velocity of each wind direction or every kind of stability. 12 Table 1.3 -2 Ground wind direction frequency (%) of the year and every season in 2000 from JinchengMeteorological Station. Season N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW C spring 5 . 1 0.8 4.1 5.0 2 . 2 4 . 8 6.4 5 . 9 7.7 1.7 1 . 6 0.7 6. 6 12.5 10.8 5.8 18.3 summer 5 . 7 2.4 6.4 1.6 3 . 2 2 . 4 13.0 10.4 20.2 2.4 2 . 4 0 3. 9 0.8 7. 3 0.8 17.1 autumn 2 . 5 2.5 4.8 2.4 0 2 . 4 9.9 7 . 8 8.9 2.4 4 . 8 0 4. 0 0.9 10.5 2.6 33.6 winter 2 . 4 1.6 5.6 7.1 7 . 4 4 . 8 4.9 7 . 3 5.7 2.4 3 . 2 1.6 4. 0 4.8 7. 3 5.6 24.3 All the year 3 . 9 1.8 5.3 4.0 3 . 2 3 . 6 8.5 7 . 8 10.6 2.3 3 . 0 0.6 4. 6 4.8 9. 0 3.7 23.3 Table1.3-3 Synchronous observation data of ground wind direction and wind velocity on Panzhuang Village site and at Jincheng meteorological station (Feb.18-Mar. 18, 1992) Observation Wind direction frequency N NN NE EN E ESE SE SSE S SS SW WS W WN NW NN C point and wind velocity E E W W W W Panzhuang Wind direction frequency 9.3 4.7 4.0 3.1 0.3 1.0 1.0 3.1 5.5 5.3 2.1 0.1 0.6 1.0 2.1 4.9 51.7 Village ( % ) U10(m/s) 1.9 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.5 2.3 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.0 1.0 1.9 2.9 2.7 2.1 Jincheng Wind direction frequency 4.9 6.3 2.5 2.5 0.6 1.7 3.9 6.0 5.3 4.2 1.0 0.1 0.7 2.5 6.8 4.1 46.9 ( % ) U10(m/s) 2.3 2.5 2.2 1.3 1.0 1.8 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.6 1.9 2.7 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.0 13 Table 1.3-4 Observation data of wind direction frequency (%)at different heights on Panzhuang Village site (Feb.18-Mar. 18, 1992) Height away the N NE E SE S SW W NW ground (m) 50 39.6 8.3 2.1 0 22.9 8.3 4.2 14.6 100 43.8 2.1 0 0 18.8 12.5 4.2 18.8 200 38.3 4.3 2.1 2.1 21.3 4.3 4.3 23.4 400 34.0 0 0 0 19.2 4.3 4.3 38.3 600 6.4 4.3 6.4 14.9 10.6 6.4 10.6 40.4 800 16.3 2.3 11.6 18.6 7.0 0 9.3 34.9 1000 9.5 2.4 9.5 16.7 9.5 2.4 9.5 40.5 Table 1.3-5 Ground wind direction frequency ( %) for many years (1956~1990) of Jincheng Meteorological Station; Month N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW C 1 4 2 4 2 1 1 2 3 7 2 2 1 4 7 17 4 39 2 4 2 3 1 1 1 4 5 11 4 3 1 4 6 13 3 35 3 4 3 3 1 1 2 6 8 13 2 2 1 3 5 11 3 30 4 4 3 3 1 1 1 7 9 13 2 3 1 4 5 9 3 28 5 4 3 3 1 1 2 7 9 15 2 3 1 3 4 7 3 28 6 4 3 4 2 2 2 9 10 14 2 4 1 3 3 6 2 27 7 4 3 4 1 1 1 10 10 15 2 2 1 2 3 5 2 30 8 4 2 5 2 2 2 8 8 15 2 3 1 2 2 4 1 36 9 4 3 3 1 2 1 5 5 11 2 3 1 3 3 6 2 45 10 3 2 2 1 2 1 3 5 10 3 3 1 3 4 10 2 46 11 3 2 3 2 1 1 2 3 8 3 2 1 4 7 18 4 37 12 3 2 4 2 1 1 2 2 7 2 2 1 4 9 17 3 38 All the year 3 3 3 1 1 1 5 6 12 3 3 1 3 5 10 3 35 14 Table 1.3 -6 Stability frequency and average ground wind velocity for many years (1956~1990) of Jincheng Meteorological Station; 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Year f 1 4 5 6 7 7 8 10 8 7 1 5 A u 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 10 f 8 10 11 13 15 16 16 15 16 13 10 8 13 B u 1.2 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.5 10 f 6 7 8 10 9 10 8 6 5 7 7 6 6 C u 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 10 f 35 34 38 38 39 37 38 32 29 25 31 32 35 D u 3.7 3.6 4.1 4,2 3.6 3.5 2.8 2.0 2.3 3.2 3.8 3.8 3.4 10 f 30 30 26 21 20 20 21 22 24 28 26 30 25 E u 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.1 1.9 10 f 20 15 12 12 10 10 9 15 18 22 25 24 16 F u 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 10 Symbol description: f- frequency of every stability (%);u - average ground wind velocity of every stability (m/s). 10 Table 1.3-7 Observation data of mixing layer height on Panzhuang Village site Time 10:00 11:00 13:00 15:00 17:00 19:00 20:00 Mixing layer he ight (m) 279 479 1009 1372 1303 738 563 Table 1.3-8 Mixing layer height of Panzhuang Village area Stability A B C D E F Mixing layer height (m) 1400 1062 970 762 260 110 15 2. Prediction method According to investigated meteorological information of pollution and pollutant source data of atmospheric boundary layer in the Plant site area, we adopt the mathematicalmodel and diffusionparameters recommended by Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (HJ/T2.2-93) to predict impact on ambient air quality incurred by the Plant. When selecting relevant data, we consider not only characteristics of mountainous area but also amendment of topography because the proposed Plant site is located in mountainous area. 2.1 Prediction model 2.1.1 Prediction model for concentration of an hour 1) The ground concentration C(x,y,0) of pollutants sampled in one hour at any point in down wind direction can be expressed by: C(x, y,0)= Q 2u y z ( )-1 exp - y2 / 2 2y F [ ( )] (2.1.1) F = {exp[- (2 ( 2)]+ exp[- (2 ( 2)]} k nh - H e)2 / 2 z nh + He )2 / 2 z In the formulas, Q means pollutant emission amount per unit time; u means average wind velocity at outlet of the stack; He is effective height of the stack; h is height of mixing layer; k is reflection times and it is enough to take k=2. =1x1,z = 2x2 (2.1.2) y In the formulas, ? , ? and a , a 1 2 1 2are selected according to table B3 and B4 in HJ/T2.2-93 (refer to table 2.1.3a). The corresponding atmospheric stability is classified according to Annex B in HJ/T2.2-93. 2) Pollutant ground concentration when mildspeed is small and under calm CL(x, y,0) CL(x, y,0) = 2Q(2 )-3 02-2 G / 2 -1 (2.1.3) In the formula, 2 = x2 + y 2 + H e 2 -2 2 01 02 G = e-u2/ 2 01 2 {1+ (2 )ses2/ (s) 2 } (s)= (2 )-1 e-t2/ dt s 2 (2.1.4) - s = ux/( 01),(s) is a normal distribution function, ? 01 and ? 02 are selected 16 according to table B6 in HJ/T2.2-93 (refer to table 2.1.3b). 3) Smoke concentration Cf Cf = (2 )-1 / 2(uh ) -1exp - 0.5y 2 / ( 2 )(p) f yf yf (2.1.5) p = hf - He / 2 ( ) yf= + H e /8 y x f = ut hf = H + hf x f = A h2f + 2Hhf ( ) hf = H + p z In the formulas, H means stack height; ? H means plume rise height; and He means effective height of smoke source; x f = A (h 2 ) f + 2Hhf . In the formulas, A = acpu /(4Kc ), Kc = 40186 exp[- 99(d / dz)+ 3.22]×103, J /(ms K ) a is atmospheric density, g/m3; c p is atmospheric specific heat at constant pressure, J/(g · K); d / dz is gradient of potential temperature, K/m. d / dz (dTa / dz)+ 0.0098 . 2.1.2 Calculation method of average daily concentration Prediction of average daily concentration is conducted referring to the assurance factor method and typical day method recommended by " Training textbook on environmental impact assessment in China" (prepared by Monitoring and Management Department of State Environmental Protection Administration, issued by the Chemical Industry Publisher, in 2000). For the reason that calm wind frequency in the assessment area is more than 50% and frequency of stable atmospheric conditions (stability is catalo E and F) is more than 40%, we select ground wind velocity u10= 0.5m/s, catalog E and F of stability for nighttime and catalog D and B for daytime. Wind direction frequency is determined referring to actual measured values of wind direction frequency in winters and characteristics of watercourse flowing. 17 2.1.3 Formula of average concentration in a long term Average annual concentration Cijk(x) (mg·m-3) at x in down wind direction of any wind direction orientation i under the condition of some stability (order: j) and average wind velocity (order: k) is expressed by: Cijk = Q (2 )3 u z (x/ n) [ / 2 ]-1 F ( 2.1.6) In the formula, n means number of wind direction orientations, i.e. 16; other symbols are ditto. Average annual concentration Ci(x) (mg·m-3) at x in down wind direction of any wind direction orientation i under the condition of possible stability and average wind velocity is expressed by: Ci (x) = ( ) ( 2.1.7) j kCijk fijk + rCLrijk fLijk In the formula, fijk is associative frequency of wind direction orientation, stability and velocity; Cijk is the concentration value if windy at x in down wind direction corresponding with the associative frequency, given in formula (2.1.6); fLijk is frequencies of different wind direction orientations and stability when windspeed is small or under calm (subscript k contains only two wind velocity sections of calm and small wind); CLij is ground concentration corresponding with fLijk when windspeed is small or under calm and can be calculated directly by formula (2.1.4). 2.1.4 Amendment formula of topographic height 1) Under neutral and unstable weather conditions Assuming: hT is the height of salient topography; He is stack height; T is correction factor of stack height (or topographic factor); and effective stack height after being corrected is THe. Values of T should be selected by the following formulas: T=1/2, if He= hT (2.1.8a) T=( He-hT/2)/ He, if He> hT (2.1.8b) 2) Under stable weather condition Under stable weather condition, plume is divided into two parts by critical height Hc when plume impends to isolate massit. Plume above the critical height climbs over the massit and plume below goes round the massit. Critical height Hc is determined by the following formula: u2 / 2 = g [(Hm - z)/ ](d / dz)dz Hm ( 2.1.9) Hc In the formula, Hm----height of isolate massit (m); Hc----critical height (m); ? 18 ----atmospheric potential temperature at the height z (K); d? /dz----gradient of potential temperature at the height z (K/m); u----average wind velocity (m/s); g----gravity acceleration (m/s2). 2.1.5 Formula of plume rise 1) Plume rise height ? H(m) if windy and under neutral and unstable conditions is calculated with the following formula. H = n0Qh H u -1 n1 n2 ( 2.1.10) Qh = 0.35PaQvT /Ts ( 2.1.11) In the formulas, n0=1.427; n1=1/3; n3=2/3; Qh is heat release rate of flue gas, KJ·s-1; H is geometric height of the stack away from the ground, m; Pa is atmospheric pressure, hPa; Qv is emission ratio of flue gas, m3·s-1; ? T is difference between gas outlet temperature and environmental temperature, ? T=Ts-Ta; Ts is gas outlet temperature, K; Ta is environmental air temperature, K; u is average wind velocity at outlet of the stack, m·s-1. 2) Plume rise height ? H(m) if windy and under stable condition is calculated with the following formula. H = Q1h (dTa /dz + 0.0098)-1 u-1 / 3 / 3 / 3 ( 2.1.12) In the formula, dTa/dz means gradient of atmospheric temperature above geometric height of the stack, k·m-1; other symbols are ditto. 3) Plume rise height (m) under stable condition when windspeed is small and under calm is calculated with the formula as bellows. H = 5.50Qh 1/4(dTa / dz + 0.0098)-3/ 8 ( 2.1.13) Symbols in the formula are ditto. Value of dTa/dz should not be less than 0.01k·m-1. if ­0,0098K·m-1< (dTa/dz) <0.01K ·m-1, (dTa/dz)=0.01K·m-1; if dTa/dz= -0.0098 K· m-1, ? H is calculated with formula (2.1.10) and u10 for calculating wind velocity u is all 1.5m/s at this time. 2.2 Selection of parameters in the model 2.2.1 Emission source parameters The gas engines use coal-bed gas as fuel. Other emission source parameters are listed in table 2.2-1 and 2.2-2. 1) Scheme in the feasibility report 19 Emission source parameters for the scheme in the feasibility report are listed in table 2.2-1(a). Table 2.2 -1(a) Emission source parameter table Item Symbol Unit Gas engines Stack height H m 40x4 Inside diameter of stack outlet D m 4 Emission ration of flue gas Qv Nm3/h 11.65x16 Gas temperature at outlet of the stack t ? 160 NO2 emission ratio QN kg/h 13.25x16 2) Recommended scheme Emission source parameters in the recommended scheme of this report are shown in table 2.2-1(b). Table 2.2 -1(b) Emission source parameter table Item Symbol Unit Gas engines Stack height H m 60x4 Inside diameter of stack outlet D m 2.5 Emission ration of flue gas Qv Nm3/h 4x46 Gas temperature at outlet of the stack t ? 160 NO2 emission ratio QN kg/h 4x53 2.2.2 Pollution meteorological parameters Average wind velocity at outlet of the stack is calculated with the following formula. u=u10(z/10)p in the formula, u10 is average wind velocity of 10 min at the height of 10m away from the ground; p is height index of wind velocity depending on atmospheric stability and coarseness of ground surface, selected according to table 2.2-2 as follows. Table 2.2-2 P values at every stability grade Stability grade A B C D E, F p 0.07 0.07 0.10 0.15 0.25 20 Regression coefficients (? and? ) and indexes (a anda ) of diffusion parameters 1 2 1 2 in transversal and vertical directions when it is windy are listed in table 2.2-3a. When forecasting concentration of one hour, ? 1 in table 2.2-3a should multiplied by 1.1487. Regression coefficients (? 01 and? )of diffusion parameters in static and mild wind 02 are listed in table 2.2-3b. Table2.2-3a Regression coefficients (? and? ) and indexes 1 2 (a anda ) of diffusion parameters when it is windy 1 2 Diffusion In transversal direction In vertical direction parameters Stability 1 1 x 2 x grade 2 0.9011 0.4258 1--1000 1.1215 0.0800 0--300 A 0.8509 0.6021 >1000 1.5236 0.0085 300--500 2.1088 0.0002 >500 0.9144 0.2818 1--1000 0.9644 0.1272 0--500 B 0.8650 0.3964 >1000 1.0936 0.0570 >500 0.9243 0.1772 1--1000 0.9176 0.1068 0--10000 C 0.8852 0.2321 >1000 0.9294 0.1107 1--1000 0.8262 0.1046 0--1000 D 1000-- 0.8887 0.1467 >1000 0.6320 0.4002 10000 0.9208 0.0864 1--1000 0.7884 0.0928 0--1000 E 1000-- 0.8969 0.1019 >1000 0.5652 0.4334 10000 0.9294 0.0554 1--1000 0.7844 0.0621 0--1000 F 1000-- 0.8887 0.0733 >1000 0.5260 0.3700 10000 Table 2.2-3b Regression coefficients (? 01and? 02) of diffusion parameters in static and mild wind Diffusion u<0.5m/s 0.5m/ s u < 1.5m / s parameters Stability grade 01 02 01 02 A 0.93 1.57 0.76 1.57 B 0.76 0.47 0.56 0.47 C 0.55 0.21 0.35 0.21 D 0.47 0.12 0.27 0.12 E 0.44 0.07 0.24 0.07 F 0.44 0.05 0.24 0.05 21 2.3 Prediction results Because coal-bed gas contains minim H2S without particles, SO2 emission rate is very low, just equal to 3.3% of NO2 emission. And SO2 contribution to ground concentration is also 3.3% of NO2 contribution. Therefore, we make a prediction on NO2 only. 2.3.1 Average max concentration of an hour Max values contributed to NO2 ground concentration of an hour by the proposed Plant at B, C, D and E stability grades are given in table 2.3-1 and figure 2.3-1 a, b, c and d. Table2.3-1 Max NO2 ground concentration( mg/Nm3) Stack number Stability grade Wind velocity Wind direction Concentration B 1.0 S 0.717 16 C 3.2 S 0.651 D 2.8 S 0.926 E 1.1 S 0.070 B 1.0 S 0.085 C 3.2 S 0.132 4 D 2.8 S 0.121 E 1.1 S 0.008 From the tables, it is obvious that NO2 ground concentration of an hour at all stability grades is higher than Class II limit of 0.24mg/Nm3 in the scheme of 16 stacks in the feasibility report. However, NO2 ground concentration of an hour at all stability grades is in compliance with Class II limit in the scheme of 4 stacks suggested by the consultant expert. The max value in the latter scheme takes up only 55% of the former scheme. For this reason, the following results are all prediction under the condition of 4 stacks. Table 2.3-2 shows NO2 ground concentration of an hour at every concerned location. Table 2.3-2 Max NO2 ground concentration of an hour at every concerned location( mg/Nm3) Concerned Liuzhuang Yinzhuang The Plant Panzhuang Jiafeng Qinzhuang location Village Village site Village Plant Village Ground 0.073 0.053 0.010 0.087 0.080 0.070 concentration For the sake of conservatism and monitoring information conditions, we use superposition of predictedmax values and monitored max values as the max ground concentration values at every monitoring point when Sihe Plant is put into operation. 22 The superposition values of NO2 ground concentration of an hour at every concerned location are given in table 2.3-3. Table2.3-3 Max NO2 ground concentration of an hour at every monitoring point when Sihe Plant is put into operation( mg/Nm3) Yinzhuang Panzhuang Monitoring point Liuzhuang The Plant site Village Village Village NO2ground 0.185 0.168 0.214 -- concentration of an hour It is obvious that the values in the table are all less than Class II limit. 2.3.2 Average daily concentration Max average daily concentrations of NO2 at every monitoring location if 4 stacks are shown in table 2.3-4 and figure 2.3-2a, b and c. And the superposition results are given in table 2.3-5. Table 2.3-4 Pre dicted values of average daily concentrations of NO2 at every concerned location( mg/Nm3) Concerned Liuzhuang Yinzhuang The Plant Panzhuang Jiafeng Qinzhuang Max location Village Village site Village Plant Village value Ground 0.019 0.005 0.002 0.007 0.014 0.006 0.087 concentration Table2.3-5 Max average daily concentrations of NO2 at every monitoring point when Sihe Plant is put into operation( mg/Nm3) Monitoring point Liuzhuang Yinzhuang The Plant Panzhuang Village Village site Village* Average daily 0.078 0.048 0.060 0.029 concentrations of NO2 *The monitoring value is the NOx value of 1992. From the tables, it is obvious that max predicted value occupies 72.5% of Class II limit of 0.12mg/Nm3 and other values are all very small. 2.3.3 Average daily concentration of a year Table 2.3-6 gives average daily concentration of a year at every concerned location. 23 Table 2.3-6 Average daily concentration of a year at every concerned location Liuzhuang Yinzhuang The Plant Panzhuang Jiafeng Qinzhuang Max Village Village site Village Plant Village 1.3 3.0 0.0 0.2 0.8 0.1 3.5 The max value of average daily concentration of a year 0.0035mg/Nm3 takes up 43.8% of the environmental air quality standard of 0.08mg/Nm3. 2.3.4 Ground concentration of an hour under unfavorable meteorological conditions Under catalogue E stability condition, max ground concentration of an hour is up to 0.20 mg/Nm3 when dangerous wind velocity (4.2m/s) appears and the occurrence frequency of the max value is less than 1/1000. 2.3.5 The World Bank requirement on stack height The World Bank stipulates: stack height=H+1.5L. H stands for height of buildings around; L is the less one between height and width of buildings around. According to information supplied by JAMGC, building height of the Plant is 20m, L is 20m and so stack height=20+1.5x20=50m. 2.4 Summary 1) The scheme in the feasibility report----exhaust heat boilers are furnished with sixteen 40m-high stacks causes NO2 ground concentration to exceed standards seriously and so it is unfeasible. The consultant expert recommends the model of four 60m -high stacks for this. 2) Inside diameter of the four 60m-high stacks is 2m; each emits 53kg/h NO2 and emission velocity is 46.3m3/s. In this case, max NO2 concentration of an hour occupies 55% of Class II standard; average daily concentration, 72.5%; and average daily concentration of a year, 43.8%. They all meet Class II standard. 3) The stack height 60m meets the World Bank requirement on stack height. 4) Superposition of average daily concentration and concentration of an hour at every monitoring location meets Class II standard. 24 Annex D Prediction of noise environment impact 1. Assessment of status quo of noise environment quality 1.1 Major noise sources existing in assessment area Major noise sources existing in assessment area are shown in table 1-1. Table1 -1 Monitoring of existing major noise sources Distance Height drop Name Position Noise level dB( A) ( m) ( m) Daytime Nighttime Sihe 4×2000kW pilot SW 50 -20 65.6 69.1 plant Gas extraction station S 110 -10 61.1 58.1 Railway and train( 30m) E 110 20 78.6 Note: 1) Position, distance and height drop are all compared with the proposed Project. 2) Noise of the railway and train means average noise of four trains (freight trains) passing. 1.2 Status quo monitoring On Mar. 4~6 2003, Jincheng Municipal Environmental Protection Monitoring Station of Shanxi Province monitored status quo of boundary noise and environmental noise quality. 1.2.1 Arrangement of monitoring points 1) Monitoring scope includes boundaries and sensitive points around. Principles for monitoring points arrangement are to arrange monitoring points in the Plant, at boundaries and sensitive areas around. Monitoring points for boundary noise: total 8 points (E, S, W, N, SE, SW, NW and NE) Monitoring points of environmental noise: total 5 points within R=700m area centering the Plant site (Qinzhuang Village, Yinzhuang Village, the Plant, the gas extraction station and the pilot plant). See figure 3-2. 2) Monitoring date and frequency 25 Monitoring was made at daytime and nighttime separately in Mar 2003. During specified period, LAeq noise was measured for ten minutes at every point every time. Continuous 24 hours of measurement was conducted in the Plant. 3) The monitoring device was AWA621813 noise statistic analyzer (II type). Monitoring was conducted according to Measuring method of environment noise of urban area (GB/T14623) and Method of measuring noise at boundary of industrialenterprise (GB12349-1990). 4) Monitoring results The monitoring results of boundary noise and environmental noise are shown in table 1-2. Table 1-2 Monitoring results of boundary noise Daytime db( A) Nighttime db( A) Location Leq National standard Leq National standard E 45.1 65 45.2 55 W 46.2 65 47.1 55 S 46.8 65 46.3 55 N 45.5 65 45.1 55 SE 45.8 65 47.2 55 SW 46.5 65 47.4 55 NW 45.3 65 46.5 55 NE 45.4 65 45.8 55 Table 1-3 Monitoring results of environmental noise of status quo Results Major noise source Monitoring point Period Leq 1# at eastern side of Day 57.3 Society and traffic Qinzhuang Village Night 49.9 Society 2# at northwest side of Day 55.6 Society and traffic Yinzhuang Village Night 45.2 Society Day 45.7 Society and traffic Proposed plant site Night 42.2 Society Day 61.1 Industry Gas extraction station Night 58.1 Industry At the boundary of the 4×2MW Day 65.6 Industry 26 Sihe Pilot Power Plant toward Night 69.1 Industry Qinzhuang Village Table 1-4 gives noise monitoring results within 24 hours in the proposed Plant. Table 1-4 Noise monitoring results in 24 hours in the proposed Plant Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Leq 44.4 43.7 55.4 45.0 43.4 44.4 44.9 44.8 46.6 49.2 58.1 60.0 Time 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 00 Leq 47.3 47.7 49.2 48.1 47.8 48.2 49.3 55.5 46.2 62.8 46.0 57.1 It can be seen from the monitoring results: 1) From noise environmental, major objectives to be protected are Qinzhuang village and Yinzhuang Village, of which noise at daytime was 55~57dB(A) and at nighttime was 45-49dB(A), not higher than Catalogue III of Standard of Environment Noise of Urban Area (GB3096-93) (65dB at daytime and 55dB at nighttime). 2) Noise environment quality is relatively good in the Plant with 45.7dB( A) at daytime and 42.2~45.7dB( A) at nighttime. 3) Noise levels at two monitoring points in the pilot plant and gas extraction station is separately 60dB(A) and 65dB(A) or so. Noise level in the pilot plant at nighttime during monitoring period is up to 69.1dB(A) higher than catalogue? of Standard of Environment Noise of Urban Area( GB3096--93) . The relatively high noise levels principally result from high noise source intensity in work and location beside roads. However, there is no resident etc. sensitive objective 200m around the two sites. The surroundings have no special requirements on noise. 2. Prediction and assessment of noise environmental impacts 2.1 Prediction scope and points Prediction scope is 400m×300m in the Plant including boundaries. Calculation grille is 50×50m. 2.2 Analogy investigation of noise levels of main noise source equipment 27 According to noise levels of regular equipment in the Plant and the analogy prediction, major noise source equipment and their noise levels are shown in table 2-1. Table 2-1 Noise source discharge and mitigation measures Unit Noise level Mitigation effect Noise source Mitigation measures number ( dB( A)) (noise level drop) Noise insulation, vibration Gas engine 96 95 insulation of the base, fitted with 10~15 exhaust muffler Noise absorption indoor, Steam turbine 4 90 vibration insulation of the base, 10~15 fitted with exhaust muffler Noise absorption indoor, noise Coal-bed gas insulation of duty rooms, compressor 4 85 5~10 vibration insulation of the base Feed water pump Noise absorption indoor, noise of exhaust heat 85 insulation of duty rooms, 5~10 boiler vibration insulation of the base Noise absorption and vibration Exhaust heat insulation, using acoustical boiler 85 5~10 materials Cooling tower 4 80 In general arrangement plan Circulating water Noise absorption and vibration 4 85 insulation, using acoustical 5~10 pump house materials Generators 4 90 Noise insulation at boundaries 5~10 Boiler blowoff 16 120 Special silencer for blowoff 20~25 2.3 Prediction model of noise propagation in the Plant Affected by the factors of propagation distance, air absorption, reflection and screening of buildings etc., sound level of the noise in the Plant will attenuate when the noise is propagated from source point to receiver point. The basic formula of prediction calculation: LA(r)=LAref(ro)-(Adiv+ Abar+Aatm+ Aexc) In the formula: LA(r)--A sound level at r away from noise source, dB 28 LAref(ro)--A sound levelat reference position ro, dB Adiv--A sound level attenuation value caused by geometric divergence of noise source, dB Abar--A sound level attenuation value caused by sound barriers, dB Aatm--A sound level attenuation value caused by air absorption, dB Aexc--additional attenuation value, dB. If some receiver point is affected by several noise sources, noise superposition value for the receiver point will be calculated by the following formula. LP = 10 lg n i 10 LPi / 10 =1 in the formula, LP--noise superposition of several noise sources at the receiver point, dB Lpi--noise level of noise source No. i at the said receiver point, dB For noise sources in mill construction, certain noise source attenuation is considered for noise intensity. Usually, the attenuation value is 10-20dB(A), Aatm= a o(r-r0)/100dB(A). ao means sound absorption coefficient of sound wave spreading in air. 2.4 Analog calculation of noise environment in the Plant Intermediate values given in table 2-2 are regarded as simulated parameters for noise levels of this analog noise sources. Directional attenuation in sound propagation (i.e. Q=1) and baffled attenuation by equipment in the Plant are not involved in this analog course; therefore, analog results are a little conservative. We get regional noise level distribution when the Plant built up by superposing noise levels of status quo and impact noise levels of the Plant. Table 2-2 Noise prediction results unit: dB(A) Prediction superposed Position Background value Prediction value Standard value with background value daytime nighttime daytime nighttime daytime nighttime daytime nighttime 29 Eastern 52.8 53.4 60.7 61.4 61.4 65 55 boundary Western 60.0 60.0 61.1 63.6 63.6 65 55 boundary Southern 51.0 52.2 58.8 59.5 59.7 65 55 boundary Northern 54.5 54.5 65.0 65.4 65.4 65 55 boundary Figure 2.1 shows noise level distribution of noise environmental impacts of the Plant under the condition that superposition of noise sources around is not taken into consideration. From the figure, we know that there are quite many noise sources in the Plant, and the whole noise level at boundaries is relatively high----60dB (A) or so. Noise levels at northern boundary is 65.0dB (A) because there are the cooling tower and circulating water pump house. Noise levels at daytime and nighttime here are both higher than limits of catalogue III. At other boundary, noise levels at daytime are all in compliance with catalogue III; while, at nighttime higher than catalogue III. From table 2-2, it is obvious that noise levels at northern boundary at daytime and nighttime are both higher than catalogue III after being superposed with background noise. At other boundary, noise levels at daytime are all in compliance with catalogue III----65dB( A) ; while, at nighttime higher than catalogue III----55dB( A) . 2.5 Impact of the proposed Plant on main protective objectives Protective objectives of noise environment: Qinzhuang Village, 500m away western boundary of the Plant, the height drop between which and the pilot plant is relatively big forming escarp; Yinzhuang Village, approx 600m away southern boundary of the Plant. Noise levels are separately 63dB( A) at western boundaryand 60dB( A) at southern boundary. After attenuation of 500~600m and "sound insulation" of the escarp between western boundary and Qinzhuang Village, noise levels in the protective villages will get very low. Therefore, the Project has very little impact on noise environment of the protective objectives; that is, noise environment of these two villages will keep status quo. 2.6 Assessment conclusion of noise impact prediction 1) When we take mitigation measures in table 2-1 for every noise source in the Plant, noise level of every noise source can be reduced by 5~15dB(A), which can mitigate impact efficiently on boundary noise environment. It meets classification of noise levels at workplace. 30 2) When the proposed Plant is put into operation, the boundary noise levels are 60dB(A) or so with 65dB(A) at northern boundary and noise levels at nighttime is higher than the limits in catalogue III of Standard of Environment Noise of Urban Area( GB3096--93) . Noise levels will rise a little after being superposed with background values between 60~65dB(A) with noise level at northern boundary higher; boundary noise levels at daytime are in compliance with catalogue III while higher than the limits at nighttime. 3) The Project has very little impact on noise environment of the protective objectives----Qinzhuang Village on the west and Yinzhuang Village on the south; noise environment of these two villages will keep status quo. 4) When the Plant is built up and put into operation, it will form an industrial zone of certain area together with the pilot plant on the west and the gas extraction station on the south. The pilot plant and the gas extraction station in the industrial zone have high noise levels themselves and have no special requirement on noise environment. According to the calculation, noise impact of the Plant on the pilot plant and the gas extraction station is about 55dB(A) and will be very limited even if it is superposed with background values. 5) According to calculation of the prediction model, trains on Hou-yue railway approx 110m away eastern boundary will pass by the proposed Plant for about one hour totally one day with the LAeq of 57.2dB(A) and have small impact on boundary noise environment. Noise levels on the west of Hou-yue railwaycomply with the requirement---- less than 70dB(A) of Standard of environmental noise around railway. Therefore, the Plant will have certain impact on noise environment around when it is put into service. The impact of about 55dB(A) on the area 200m away the Plant boundaries conforms with catalogue III of Standard of environmentalnoise of urban area (GB3096-93); after attenuation of longer distance, noise impact on the area above 200m away will reduced to 50dB(A) or so. Boundary noises have no impact generally on noise environment of those two villages. From overall impacts, the industrial zone of the Plant, the pilot plant and the gas extraction station have noise impact on the surroundings less than 65dB(A) fully in compliance with the requirement of World Bank Environmental Noise Standard----less than 70dB(A) for environmental noise in industrial zones. 3. Analysis of noise environment impact during construction period Noise during construction period of the Plant comes principally from construction machines and transportation vehicles such as the pile driver, bulldozer, shoveling machine and mixing machine etc. Power levels of their noise sources are listed in table 3-1. 31 Table 3-1 Noise levels of main construction machines Order Construction machine Noise level dB(A) 1 Bulldozer 100 2 Shoveling machine 100 3 Mixing machine 90-100 4 Pile driver 105 5 Loader 95 6 Vehicles 85 The following is calculation formula of noise impact prediction of single noise source. L = L0 - 20lg r r0 in the formula, L--construction noise level at r away the noise source, dB. Superposition of noise impact at one point by two noise sources is calculated according to the formula as bellows: L1 L2 L1+2 = 10lg[1010 +1010 ] We can get fast the increment of decibel sum when impact superposing of two noise sources by means of lookup table. See table 3-2 and L1+2=max{L1,L2}+? L. Table 3-2 Increment table of decibel sum dB | L1-L2 | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 increment 3.0 2.5 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 ?L In order to analyze noise impact of construction equipment, we calculate impacts of noise sources at different levels at different distances and list them in table 3-3. Table 3-3 Noise impact levels of noise sources at different levels (dB(A)) at different Noise 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 source 32 distance 50 46.0 51.0 56.0 61.0 66.0 71.0 76.0 81.0 86.0 75 42.5 47.5 52.5 57.5 62.5 17.5 72.5 77.5 82.5 100 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 75.0 80.0 125 38.1 43.1 48.1 53.1 58.1 63.1 68.1 73.1 78.1 150 36.5 41.5 46.5 51.5 56.5 61.5 66.5 71.5 76.5 200 34.0 39.0 44.0 49.0 54.0 59.0 64.0 69.0 74.0 250 32.0 27.0 42.0 47.0 52.0 57.0 62.0 67.0 72.0 300 30.5 35.5 40.5 45.5 50.5 55.5 60.5 65.5 70.5 400 28.0 33.0 38.0 43.0 48.0 53.0 58.0 63.0 68.0 500 26.0 31.0 36.0 41.0 46.0 51.0 56.0 61.0 66.0 The residential area nearest construction site of the Project is at 500m on the west of the Plant. From table 3-3, it is obvious that when noise level of construction equipment is 120dB(A), noise impact on the residential area reaches 66.0dB(A) higher than catalogue III limit of daytime noise; when noise level of construction equipment is 110dB(A), noise impact on the residential area reaches 56.0dB(A) higher than catalogue III limit of nighttime noise. As a result, construction noise at daytime does not affect villagers nearby after being superposed with background values; however, construction equipment at noise level of above 110dB(A) is not allowed to be used at nighttime. Superposed impact of several noise sources is not involved in the above analysis. There is no resident within 400m away the Plant boundaries; the area is located in the industrial zone composed of the Plant, the pilot plant and the gas extraction station, which has no special requirement on noise environment; nearest protective objective is at 500m on the west of the Plant with noise levels of 57dB(A) at daytime and 50dB(A) at nighttime; from table 3-2, there will be obvious increment only when impacts of two noise sources are not different much. For the above reasons, firstly it is not allowable usually to operate several construction machines of above 100dB(A) at the same time; even if there is a requisite of using such machines all together, they must be used at daytime and noise superposition value may not be higher than 110dB(A). Consequently, the construction company in the Project should comply with national regulations, arrange appropriately operational schedule of every construction machine, and assign operation of machines and construction with heavy noise impact in the time when impact on villagers nearby is relatively slight. According to requirements of Standard of noise at boundary of industrial enterprise (GB12523-90), a pile driver must be operated at daytime and other large construction machines (such as a crane and a bulldozer) should also be operated at daytime; the machine operated at nighttime should be ensured not higher than stipulated noise standard. Transportation vehicles should be arranged properly and avoided driving at nighttime as possible. The number and speed of these vehicles should be restricted to mitigate or eliminate 33 problems of disturbing residents. 34 Figure 2.1 Noise level distribution of noise environmental impacts of the Plant under the condition that superposition of noise sources around is not taken into consideration. 35 Annex E Risk analysis and control measures 1. Combustion and blast characteristics of coal-bed gas Coal-bed gas belongs to combustible and explosive matter. It is very easy to incur combustion and blast in normal environment. Basic properties of components of coal-bed gas, their natural gas type and characteristics of combustion and blast are shown in table E1 attached. Table E1 Combustion and explosive characteristics of each main component of coal-bedgas( 0? , 101.325Kpa) Other Hydrogen component methane ethane propane Normal butane isobutane hydrocarbon sulfide item CH4 C2H6 C3H8 C4H10 i-C4H10 C5-C8 H2S Density kg/m3 0.72 1.36 2.01 2.71 2.71 3.45 1.54 Upper explosive limit % ( V) 5.0 2.9 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.4 4.3 Lower explosive limit % ( V) 15.0 13.0 9.5 8.4 8.4 8.3 45.5 Self-ignition point ? 645 530 510 490 290 Theoretical temperature of 1830 2020 2043 2057 2057 combustion ? Air quantity needed for combustion of 1m3 of gas( m3) 9.54 16.70 23.90 31.02 31.02 38.18 1900 Max flame propagation 0.67 0.86 0.82 0.82 7.16 velocity m/s According to fire hazard categories for combustible matters stipulated in Fire prevention norm for design of petrochemical industry enterprise (GB50160-92), fire hazard grade of natural gas is category A. The main components of coal-bed gas is generally identical to those of natural gas; and then fire hazard grade of coal-bed gas should belongs to category A. From table E1 attached, it is obvious that explosion limits of coal-bed gas is relatively wide with quite low lower explosive limit. CH4 content of Sihe mining gas is about 46 % ( V/V) . Once gas leaks and mixes with air, it is quite easy to reach upper explosive limit. If meeting naked flame or involved in high temperature environment at this time, it is very easy to incur blast. Comparatively low lower explosive limit can make leaking gas become cloud cluster and explosion danger will not be eliminated until the cloud cluster is diffused in quite a long distance. 2. Fault tree analysis Fault tree analysis (FTA) is a method commonly used to analyze safety and reliability of complicated systems. It includes effects on system failure incurred by anthropogenic and environmental influence. And it describes interaction connection separately and hierarchically between each intermediate event by means of diagrams. 36 And then we can find out the main causes (bottom event) of the fault (top event), incurrence probability of the fault or importance of every cause, so as to prepare preventive and control measures, determine safety investment orientation and attain the aim of avoiding failure incurrence. 2.1 Minimum cutest According to actual structure of a fault tree, we adopt descending method to make a search step by step from top event (T) down to find out cutsets. Based on rules of logical algebra, we substitute input events for output events of logical gates in turn in the following actions until they are all changed into bottom event (step 5 in table 2). As a result, we will get all the minimum cutsets as bellows. {X1}, {X9, X5}, {X10, X5}, {X11, X5}, {X5, X6, X7}, {X5, X8}, {X3}, {X17}, {X18}, {X19}, {X20}, {X21}, {X22}, {X12}, {X13}, {X14}, {X15}, {X16}, {X4}, {X23}, {X24}, {X25}, {X2}, Table C1.2-1 Search steps of minimumcutsets Step 1 2 3 4 5 X1 X1 X1 X1 X1 M1 M2 M5 M11,X5 X9, X5 X2 M3 M6 X5,X6,X7 X10,X5 M4 M7 X5,X8 X11,X5 X2 X3 X3 X5,X6,X7 M8 X17 X5,X8 M9 X18 X3 X4 X19 X17 M10 X20 X18 X2 X21 X19 X22 X20 Course M12 X21 M13 X22 X4 X12 M14 X13 M15 X14 X2 X15 X16 X4 X23 X24 X25 X2 37 2.2 Structure function A structure function is a Boole function presenting systematical state. Its independent variable is state of a systematical composition unit such as Xi( I= 1, 2, ..., 25) in table C1.2-1 attached. We get the structure function (1 / 2) of the problem as (ur) bellows according to minimum cutsets of the problem and rules of logical algebra. = 1-( 1-X9X5)( 1-X10X5)( 1-X11X5)( 1-X5X6X7)( 1-X5X8) (ur) 4 25 (1 - Xi) (1 - Xi) i=1 i=12 The structure function can be used to estimate incurrence probability of the top event or importance of bottom events. To estimate incurrence probability of the top event, we need know first incurrence probability of every bottom events. Nowadays, there still lacks in China incurrence probability data of each bottom events of failure events including in many industries associated with this assessment project. As a consequence, we will only analyze structure importance in this assessment project according to the practice. 2.3 Structure importance Importance of bottom event means the degree of effect on top event state by every bottom events state. By analyzing importance of bottom events, we can determine which bottom events play a main role in incurrence of the top event and so we can offer basis for systematical safety enhancement. What we call it structure importance for is because it has nothing to do with incurrence probability of bottom events but depends on event positions in structure system. Structure importance Ii of No. i bottom event is defined as: uuv uuv Ii= (1/ 2n-1) [ (1, X )- (0i ,X )] i 2n-1 We calculate importance of each bottom event from the above formula and arrange them according to structure importance from big degrees to small degrees. The calculation result shows that, the bottom event with biggest structure importance affect directly leakage of coal-bed gas as minimum cutsets of first order in all minimum cutsets (refer to step 5 in table E2) i.e. X1, X2, X3, X4, X12, X13, X14, X15, X16, X17, X18, X19, X20, X21, X22, X23, X24, X25 etc. 18 bottom events. For the reason that probability of pipeline cracking (X1) and valve damage (X2) is 38 relatively small for coal-bed gas transportation pipeline is not long in the Project, gas leakage probably results from gas tank cracking (M1) principally. Therefore, bottom events with biggest importance degree can be simplified as X3, X4, X12, X13, X14, X15, X16, X17, X18, X19, X20, X21, X22, X23, X24 and X25. 2.4 Major affecting factors From the above simplified bottom events, major factors of gas tank cracking causing coal-bed gas leakage can be summarized in the following two aspects. 1) Failure of water seal of gas tanks Direct cause of water seal failure is welding defects or seal deformation incurred by wind pressure interference. Welding defects include pores at welded surface, too big area not welded, serious cementite phenomena, existing tiny cracks, and existing overheated structure and faulty welding materialetc. bottom events, as we all know. Seal deformation incurred by wind pressure interference is getting a new problem arousing people attention in recent years. When the distance between structures (e.g. gas tanks and cooling towers) is very short, it will produce mutual wind pressure interference. The structures at down wind is involved in obviously adverse pulsation wind pressure condition. At this time, pulsation wind pressure endured by the structures two times that of single structure, which can cause damage or failure of structures if this factor is not considered in design. This kind of fault was ever found in Beijing Shijinshan Gas Reserve Factory in 1998. 2) Gas tank defect Gas tank defects include initial defects, unreasonable design and construction defect. Initial defects means material quality defect or improper processing, e.g. the material contains impurities, metallographic structure is not even, hot treatment is not proper, cool process is not proper and machines have scars. Construction defects means welding and erection defects. Refer to description about welding defect in the above 1). Erection defect includes residual stress, material of bolts different from body material, and improper connector seal. 3.Prediction of risk results 3.1 Heat radiation of fire Heat radiation of fire means, heat radiation has impacts on human bodies and buildings when leaking coal-bed gas is ignited by fire source and incurs fire. 39 3.1.1 Calculation conditions Referring to relevant rules and selection principles of analogous issue data at home or abroad, we make an assumption in this risk assessment as follows: leakage rate of coal-bed gas is 1.36kg/s, and CH4leakage rate is 0.50kg/s according to CH4 content of coal-bed gas; an affected person stays in flame for 10 seconds; only 20% skin is naked of a burned person and all skin is naked of the dead from their clothes; conditions for timber ignition are regarded as the judgment limitation for impacts on buildings. 3.1.2 Calculation formula 1) Radiant flux Point source model, radiant flux q( kw/m2) is expressed as q = FQP /(4 R2) Qp =QHC in this formula, F----emission factor, subject to 0.2; Qp ----radiant source intensity; ----efficiency factor, subject to 0.5; Q = 0.5kg/s; Hc----combustion heating of CH4 in coal-bed gas, Hc= 13187.5kc/kg; R----distance from radiant source center to receiving point, m. 2) Percentage of the burned and dead Percentage of the burned and dead is calculated by the following formula: P-5 D= exp(-u2 /2)du - In this formula, P stands for probability of casualty calculated by this formula: Mortality---- P = -36.3800 + 2.5600·ln(tq4/3) ; Secondary burning probability---- P = -43.1400 +3.0188·ln(tq4 ) ;/ 3 First burning probability---- P = -39.8300 +3.0188·ln(tq4 ) ;/ 3 40 in these formulas, t presents time of staying in flame, s. 3) Impacts on buildings Thermoflux q( w/m2) requisite for igniting timber is calculated by the following formula: q = 6730t-4/5 + 25400 in the formula, t presents action time of heat radiation, s. 3.1.3 Calculation results 1) Impacts on personnel Assuming staying in flame for 10 seconds, 50% personnel would suffer first burning within R= 4.2m; 100% personnel would suffer above first burning, 99% above secondary burning within R= 2.1m with a mortality of 8%; safety distance= 5m. 2) Impacts on buildings The semi diameter of property loss is R= 3m i.e. timberwork can be ignited within R=3m; safety distance= 4m. The semi diameter of property loss usually means: a small number of buildings not damaged within the semi diameter counteract a small number of buildings damaged out of the semi diameter. 3.2 Cloud cluster blast Cloud cluster blast means the destruction phenomena of blast occurrence when cloud cluster formed by leaking gas meeting air meets with ignition source with CH4 concentration in explosive limits (see table C1.1-1 attached). 3.2.1 Calculation conditions Referring to relevant rules and selection principles of analogous issue data at home or abroad, we make an assumption in this risk assessment as follows: leakage rate of coal-bed gas is 1.36kg/s and CH4 leakage rate is 0.50kg/s; cloud cluster is formed by coal-bed gas leaking for continuous 15min, and total CH4 quality is W= 450kg. 3.2.2 Calculation formula 1) Fatality area 41 Inside diameter of fatality area is zero and outside diameter is R0.5 meaning that mortality reaches 50% caused by lung hemorrhage because of shock wave action in the area. Relation between R0.5and explosion quality is determined by the following formula. R0.5 =13.6(WTNT /1000)0.37 WTNT = E / QTNT E = AWHC in the formulas, WTNT ----TNT equivalent of explosive source, kg; E----total energy of explosive source, kJ; W----total CH4 mass in cloud cluster, kg; HC----combustion heat of CH4 in cloud cluster, referring to 1) of 1.3.1.2; A---- TNT equivalence factor of cloud cluster, A= 4% ; QTNT ----TNT blasting heat( kJ/kg), QTNT = 4520kJ/kg. 2) Grievous injury area Inside diameter of grievous injury area is equal to outside diameter of fatality area i.e. R0.5; outside diameter of grievous injury area is Rd0.5 meaning that eardrum breaking probability reaches 50% because of shock wave action in the area. According to the formula as bellows, if excess pressure of shock wave P = 0.44kg/cm2,we can get R i.e. Rd0.5 P = 0.137Z -3 + 0.119Z-2 + 0.269Z-1 -0.091 Z = R(P0 / E)1/3 in the formulas, R----horizontal distance from the objective to explosive source, m; P0 ----ambient air pressure, Pa; E----total energy of explosive source, J. 3) Slight injury area Inside diameter of slight injury area is equal to outside diameter of grievous injury area i.e. R0.5; outside diameter of slight injury area is Rd0.01 meaning that eardrum breaking probability reaches 1% because of shock wave action in the area. Calculation formula for Rd0.01 is the same as the above formula determining outside diameter of grievous injury area expect that we assume P = 0.17kg/cm2. 4) Impacts on buildings 42 The semi diameter of property loss is determined by the following formula: R = (4.6WTNT )/[1+ (3157/WTNT)2]1/6 1/3 3.2.3 Calculation results 1) Impacts on personnel Outside diameter of fatality area----R0.5= 8m; Outside diameter of grievous injury area----Rd0.5= 21m; Outside diameter of slight injury area-Rd0.01= 29m. 2) Impacts on buildings The semi diameter of property loss----R= 11m. 3.3 Diffusion and blast of cloud cluster Diffusion of cloud cluster in air is not involved in description about cloud cluster blast in the above section. Cloud cluster diffusion in this section means the destruction phenomena of blast occurrence when cloud cluster formed by leaking gas mixing with air meets ignition source with CH4 concentration in explosive limits as the cloud cluster is diffused in a distance. Max. transference distance and the area where blast possibly occurs can be determined subject to explosive limits by forecasting CH4 concentration in cloud cluster. 3.3.1 Calculation conditions Referring to relevant rules and selection principles of analogous issue data at home or abroad, we make an assumption in this risk assessment as follows: leakage height of coal-bed gas is 15m, leakage rate is 1.36kg/s and CH4 leakage rate is 0.50kg/s; cloud cluster is formed by coal-bed gas leaking for continuous 15min, and total CH4 quality is W= 450kg. Meteorological conditions are selected according to the following groups: Stable condition (E), U10 = 0.5m / s ? U10 =1.6m / s or U10 =1.9m / s ; Neutral condition (D), U10 = 2.0m / s or U10 = 5.0m / s ; Unstable condition (B), U10 = 0.5m/ s or U10 =1.9m/ s . 43 3.3.2 Calculation formula The modeling of gas puff emission in limited time is adopted to predict CH4 concentration. Because we will predict cloud cluster concentration mainly instead of usual ground concentration, the calculation formula is a little different from that of un-normal emission modeling. Relation between the concentration (Cb)in horizontal direction through cloud cluster center and ground concentration(C) is Cb = 0.5[C(H e = 0)+ C(He = 2Heb)] in the formula, Heb stands for height between cloud cluster center and the ground. 3.3.3 Calculation results and analysis The major results from prediction according to the above meteorological condition groups are shown in table E3-1 ~ table E3-3. Table E3-1 Calculation results of diffusion and blast of cloud cluster under stable condition( E) U10( m/s) T(min) Xb(m) Sb(m2) S(m2) Cbm(g/m3) 30 30 6 300 755.0 45 60 12 400 233.5 60 90 100 400 115.0 1.6 80 120 300 300 61.5 90 140 200 200 46.3 100 150 0 0 34.0 80 140 200 200 37.8 1.9 90 160 0 0 28.6 44 Table E3-2 Calculation results of diffusion and blast of cloud cluster under neutral conditions( D) U10( m/s) T(min) Xb(m) Sb(m2) S(m2) Cbm(g/m3) 15 10 200 400 404.0 16 20 240 400 114.8 2.0 17 30 200 200 59.9 18 40 0 0 35.0 16 20 150 200 111.3 2.2 18 40 0 0 28.3 5 16 30 0 0 20.0 Table E3-3 Calculation results of diffusion and blast of cloud cluster under unstable conditions( B) U10( m/s) T(min) Xb(m) Sb(m2) S(m2) Cbm(g/m3) 15 10 100 100 58.5 1.6 16 30 0 0 3.6 15 10 100 100 46.6 1.9 16 30 0 0 2.3 In the tables, U10----wind velocity at 10m off the ground; T----time of cloud cluster diffusion from the beginning of coal-bed gas leakage; Xb----downwind distance between the max. CH4 concentration point in cloud cluster and leakage source, equivalent to transference distance of cloud cluster baricentre; Sb----CH4 concentration scope between upper and lower explosive limits; CH4 upper and lower explosive limits in table E1 are converted into 108 and 36 g/m3 separately. S----CH4 concentration scope above lower explosive limit; Cbm----max CH4concentration of cloud cluster. When cloud cluster diffusion is taken into consideration and if explosion happens, the explosive center will transfer to Sb area with the barycenter of Xb. Personnel casualty 45 and semi diameter of property loss are determined still according to the method in section 3.2. From analysis of the calculation results (refer to table E3-1~E3-3), we can see the following rules. 1) As transference distance (Xb) of cloud cluster barycenter is rising, CH4 concentration scope (Sb) between upper and lower explosive limits will get larger and larger up to a maximum and then trend toward zero. Assuming Xb= Xbm corresponding Sb=0, air will get more and more stable; the bigger max Sb is, the bigger Xbm is. Xbm values under stable, neutral and unstable conditions are equal to 150m, 40m and 30m separately when the time of coal-bed gas leakage reaches 15 minutes. Xbm is equivalent to max transference distance of dangerous cloud cluster. 2) When Xb is close to Xbm, CH4 quality within Sb is just equal to 1/10 of that of initial leakage quality. If blast happens, outside diameters of fatality area (R0.5), grievous injury area (Rd0.5) and slight injury area (Rd0.01) are separately 3.4m, 9.7m and 13.5m; and affecting semi diameter for buildings is 5m. 3) Xbm values under stable, neutral and unstable conditions are equal to 100m, 27m and 20m separately if the time of coal-bed gas leakage changes into 5 from 15 minutes. When Xb is close to Xbm, CH4 and if blast happens, outside diameters of fatality area (R0.5), grievous injury area (Rd0.5) and slight injury area (Rd0.01) are separately 2.3m, 9.7m and 6.5m; and affecting semi diameter for buildings is 3.4m. 4) If U10= 1.5m/s, wind velocity has no large influence to Xbm; however, the larger wind velocity is, the less CH4 quality of cloud cluster within Sb. As a result, personnel casualty and semi diameter of property loss will be decreased. 5) If U10<1.5m/s, Xbm and Sb under each stable conditions are less than data listed in table E3-1 ~E3-3. Xbm is small because of small wind velocity; Sb is small because of strong diffusion capability under small wind and calm wind conditions. 3.4 Major prediction results 1) Heat radiation impact of fire is principally limited to gas tank area; safety distance = 5m. 46 2) Range of influence on personnel outdoor by cloud cluster blast is within 29m, on buildings within 11m. The section plant on the north and the coal-bed gas compression station on the northeast would not be affected generally. 3) Range of influence by cloud cluster diffusion and blast mainly depends on atmospheric stability and wind direction. Dangerous cloud cluster in stable air has the longest max transference distance. If gas keeps leaking for continuous 15 minutes, max transference distance is 150m. Now if blast happens, max radius of influence on outdoor persons is 13.5m and 5m separately and radius of influence on buildings reached 5m. Leading wind direction in the assessment area is NS wind direction. Most of areas of the Plant are possible to be affected by blast of cloud cluster diffusion. Hou-yue railway is 110m away on the east of the gas tank. Providing that continuous leakage duration of coal-bed gas can be controlled no higher than 5 minutes and west wind frequency is less than 1%, Hou-yue railway will not be affected in general cases. Villages around the Plant more than 300m away will not be affected by risks of cloud cluster blast. 4. Preventive and control measures We can avoid faulty occurrence or minimize faulty probability by means of controlling all kinds of factors resulting in the faulty. We suggest that the following fire and explosion prevention measures should be taken in design and operation of gas tanks in the Project. 1) Two gas tanks should be arranged vertical to leading wind direction so as to avoid distortion of gas tank seals caused by wind pressure interference; gas tanks should be ensured in proper sealed state. 2) To eliminate defects of gas tank bodies, strive for reasonable design, and avoid construction defect in erection and initial defects such as improper material selection and processing craft etc. 3) The gas tank should be fitted with lightning arresters. All equipment shall be grounded in proper means. To install requisite equipment such as exhaust equipment. Electric apparatus, lighting fitting and switches in gas tank area should be of blast protection. Fire hydrants and fire fighting tools shall be installed in critical location. 47 4) Gas tank area should be assembled several fuel gas alarms monitoring concentration of mixed gas of coal-bed gas and air. They will alarm automatically once close to dangerous extreme concentrations. It will urge management personnel to take measures in time for controlling leakage and prevent fire and blast etc. 5) The gas tank should be fitted with exhaust masts toward air whose height should not be less than 1.5 times of gas tank height. Management personnel should open safe exhaust valve for emission to air within 5 minutes after alarming, so as to control leakage quantity of coal-bed gas. This course can be executed by the designed automatic control device. 6) The gas tank area should be fitted with auto fire extinguishing system and water spray and cooling devices etc. They can start up automatically to eliminate major elements of faulty occurrence when close to dangerous concentration or temperature. 7) To strengthen safety management and supervision and control fire sources strictly. Smoking and naked flame shall be forbidden in gas tank area to prevent incurrence of bumping and static spark. The preheating boiler should be arranged indoor and above 5m outside western boundary of gas tank area. 8) To prepare efficient safety management system, persist in periodic patrol and take records well in different shifts. 9) To ask professionals to prepare safety pre-schemes to design efficient measures for counter faulty and minimization of faulty loss against possible faulty. And to hold counter faulty exercises periodically. 10) To strengthen safety education for personnel concerned, popularize basic knowledge about CH4 gas combustion and blast and make clear importance of implementing safety management systems stringently. Although many factors can incur fire or blast of gas tanks, we can control fire or blast faulty caused by coal-bed gas leakage as long as we take the following actions: carry out safety measures at every link; strengthen education for personnel concerned; execute strictly safety management system and safety manipulation manuals; keep equipment in gas tank area in proper state; establish monitoring system of coal-bed gas leakage and fire, and safe exhaust, cooling and fire fighting systems; and ensure facility for fire prevention and minimization in normal operation. 48 Annex F Laws, regulations and standards for labor safety Relevant documents at governmental level 1.Labor Law of the People's Republic of China Effective date: Jan. 1st 1995 2. Regulations on safe management of State Council, effective date: construction projects Feb. 2nd 2004 3.Provisions on basic regulations of safe coal State Security and Supervision Bureau, production State Security and Supervision Bureau of Coal Mine,2003-08-01 4.Acceptance method for safety and sanitation Lao'anzi No.[1992]1 facility and technical measures of construction projects 5.Supervision regulations on classification of Laobu issued No.[1994]50 deleterious operation hazard 6. Supervision regulations for labor safety and Decree of Dept of labor No. 3, 1996 sanitation of construction projects 7. Management method for preliminary Decree of Dept of labor No. 10, 1998 assessment of labor safety and sanitation of construction projects 8. Law on administrative penalty for offences State Security and Supervision Bureau, against safe production law State Coal Security and Supervision Bureau 2003-07-01 9.Management method of occupational disease Ministry of Health( 84) Weifangzi No. diagnosis 16 10. Regulations on occupational disease range Ministry of Health( 87) Weifangzi and treatment method of occupational disease No. 60 patients 11. Safety assessment guideline on non-coal State Security and Supervision Bureau mines 2003-06-24 49 Standards and specifications 1.Hygienic Standards for the Design of Industrial Enterprises GBZ 1-2002 2.Hygienic standards for the noise of industrial enterprises Trial protocol 3. Classification of working at high altitude GB3608-83 4. Norm on measuring noise from industrial enterprises GBJ122-88 5. Classification of working in noisy environment LD80-1995 6. General principles of requirements on safety and sanitation during GB12801-91 production course 7.Higienic standards for extra-high radiation at workplace GB10437-89 8. Hygienic standards for electric field at workplace GB16203-1996 9. General principles of designing safety and sanitation of production GB5083-1999 equipment 10. Guideline on preliminary assessment of labor safety and sanitation LD/T106-1998 of construction projects 11. Norm on hearing protection for employees of industrial enterprises Weifajian issued [1999] No. 620 Consultant expert: Ms. Liu Simei, professor and senior engineer, was ever engaged in the projects loaned by the World Bank----EIA for Hunan electric power projects (main body was Leiyang Power Plant) and East Chian (Jiangsu) 500kV Power Transmission Projects, and EIA review consultancy service for Tuoketuo Electric Power Generation Company Phase I Engineering etc. 50 Figure 2.3-1a Average concentration of an hour at stability B Figure 2.3-2a 1# average daily concentration of typical days Figure 2.3-2b 2# average daily concentration of typical days Figure2.3-2c 3# average daily concentration of typical days Figure2.3-3 Average annual concentration Figure 2.3-1b Average concentration of an hour at stability C Figure 2.3-1c Average concentration of an hour at stability D Figure 2.3-1d Averageconcentration of an hour at stability E Evaporation 3504 Condensor 3504 loss:45 3784 Generator air 160 3784 cooler Circulating Circulating water ditch water pump 120 oil cooler of 120 steam 77 67 Circulating water 67 7 Afforestation and make-up water Effluent loss:23 washing in the Plant water pump 10 Industrial water 10 100 for production system Sewage treatment 10 Chemical water 1.5 Neutralization 1 station of Sihe 16 Reservior treatment system pond industrial square V= 1000m3 13 Unpridictable 13 5 oil and water 5 water 8.5 separator 90 90 Fire fighting water pump pipe net of the Exhaust heat 0.8 Depositing tank for fire fighting boiler 0.8t/h cooling water source area Domestic water 6 5 supply piping net of Domestic water Sewage treatment station of Sihe industrial square Sihe industrial square Figure 3.7-1 Water balance program of the Plant( t/h) Figure 3.9-1 Schedule table of the Project's construction Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 No. Quarter Begin ning End 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 Feasibility report 02.09.15 02.11.15 2 Feasibility approval 02.11.16 03.01.30 3 Negotiation on contract with ADB 03.01.01 03.04.30 4 Preliminary design 03.02.01 03.05.30 5 Preparing bidding documents of equipment 03.04.01 03.07.30 6 Inviting bids of equipment and examing 03.08.01 03.11.30 7 Signing supply contract 03.12.01 04.01.30 of equipment Design of construction 8 diagrams 03.04.01 03.12.30 9 Inviting bids of civil work and erection square 03.06.01 03.08.30 10 Construction of civil 03.09.01 06.06.30 work 11 Buying and delivery of the 1st lot of equipment 04.01.01 04.09.30 12 Erection & commission- ing of the 1st lot 04.05.01 04.12.30 13 Buying and delivery of the 2nd lot of equipment 05.09.01 06.06.30 14 Erection & commission- ing of the 2nd lot 06.06.01 06.12.30 15 Buying and delivery of the 3rd lot of equipment 07.09.01 08.06.30 16 Erection & commission- ing of the 3rd lot 08.06.01 08.12.30