.. . .:/',E2200.v5 Environment and Social safegua':J~~ ... Assessment Report of The Second Phase Four-lane Highway Widering Project I : I . I Route 408: Nakhon Si Thammarat - SOlngkhla . I (A.Ranot -- A.Sathing Phra) I February 2009 By Environment Group Bureau of Planning Department of Highways Table of Content Page 1 Introduction 1 2 Project Description 3 3 Environment and Social Background 7 4 Social Safeguard Screening 13 5 Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measure 15 6 The Environmental Management Plan 21 7 The Monitoring Plan 31 8 Public Involvement 38 9 Conclusion 41 ANNEX, I: Picture of the Public Involvement Process 42 1. INTRODUCTION The Ministry of Transport by the Department of Highways planned to widen the prim ry routes linking the Bangkok Metropolitan Area to each region in order to cope with the rapid incr ase of the need for transportation. The plan included a total distance of 1,891 kilometers and was. ompleted in 1999.. The second phase of widening for further primary routes were proposed and approved in principle to enhance provincial link within the region in 1995. This plan i~cluded a total length of 4,366 kilometers. As shown in Figure 1, this project is a part of the secon~ phase of wIdening for further primary routes. The proposed project is to widen Route 408 fro'[l1 the existin9 two-lane configuration to four-lane highway. This project would take place on ~oute 408 at A Ranot Kilometer (KM) 78+000 to Section at A. Sathing Phra KM 114+000. Both th~ beginning aod the end of project are in Songkhla' Province. The project objective is to enhan$e the existinl network highways capacity, which consequently results in road safety improveme~t and econo ic growth . I stimulation. According to the second phase four-lane highway-widening project, ~oute 408 ( akhon Si Thammarat - Songkhla): Section Amphoe Ranot-Amphoe Sathing Phra comprises two parts: · Amphoe Ranot - Amphoe Sathing Phra Part 1 (KM 95+600 - KM 114+000) · Amphoe Ranot - Amphoe Sathing Phra Part 2 (KM 78+000 - KM 95+600) Currently, DOH is seeking a World Bank loan for the implementation of the highwat-widening I , project of route 408 from Amphoe Ranot KM 78+000 to Amphoe Sathing f,>hra KM 114+000. The l widening would be undertaken mostly on both sides of the current route that is 36 kilometers of a I two-lane asphaltiC concrete highway. I · I · · . II I The purpose of the environment and social safeguard assessmen~ report is identify environmental issues associated. with the project required for a World Bank loan. The e vironment and social safeguard assessment report presents key information on the project and bfk ground data on location, including findings during field visit, identification of potenti~.I impacts an required mitigations, and a proposed action plan to be executed by DOH during the implementa ion of the project. . '. 2 DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPIJBl.IC OF LAOS KAMPUCHEA GIJl.F OFTHAILANO - NETIII'ORK1 IIIE'TWORK2 NETWORK 3 - *~ NE.7V",.,7QRK .; NE1WORK. NETWORKS -...... ~ NE1WORKS NETWORK 9 NEi'wORK10 - 11 NETWORK 12 Figure 1: The second phase fourNlane highway widening project 3 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Type of Project According to World Bank's project classification, this project has been cate~orized as a Gategory B project since: ' I · The project activities will be carried out within the existing right-of-way; · The project would not involve resettlement and land acquisition; · The project related impacts are site specific, and the mitigatio~ can be devE1loped and implemented. ' ' I I The project comprises widening and strengthening of National Highway, Rrlute 408, fro A. Ranot to A. Sathing Phra, Songkhla Province, over a length of 36, kilometers. I I I · I 2.2 Need for the Project I The widening will facilitate the traffic'alOng the existing two-lane highway; 1roviding addi ional road capacity to cope with the rapid increase oftrafficacross the region. In add~ion, it is antic pated that the highway-widening project would stimulate economic activity and growthIof the southe n region. I I I 2.3 Location The highway widening is proposed for Route 408, beginning on Route 408, KM 78+000 bt Amphoe Ranot. The project is in the southerly direction to the end on Route 408, KM 114+000, atAmphoe Sathing Phra, SongkhlaProvince as shown in figure 2: Project Location. 2.4 Description of the Project The project objective is to ~nhance the existing network highway capacity, which consequently results in road safety improvement and economic growth stimulation. the project proposed to widen 36 kilometers of roadway along Route 408, starting from the existin~two-Iane c011figuration to our-Jane highway and the,activiiles wouId takifrom A. 1" e p ace Ranot km t8+OOO and erd at about ~ , A. Sathing Phra km 114+000. The widening of roadway within the project ection was p oposed to be wholly within DOH's existing right-of-way (ROW). The proposed widenIng schemes ~re shown in Figure 5. I I I KM. Left (m.) Right (m.) I Total (m.) I I I 78+000.000 - 89+230.746 15.00 35.00 I 50. 0 I 89+230.746 - 97+043.585 20.00 20.00 40. 0 97+043.585 - 114+000.000 15.00 15.00 ,I 30. 0 4 Figure 2: Project Location 5 Figure 3: Beginning of the project (KM 78+000) Figure 4: End of Project 6 Construct the new road on the right side with raised median KM 78+000.000 - KM 89+230.746 (ROW 50 m.) Construct the new road on the both sides with raised median KM 89+230.746 KM 114+000 (ROW 30- 40 m.) Figure 5: Proposed Widening Scheme 7 3. ENVIRONMENT & SOCIAL BACKG 3.1 Environment Background ,, The road passes through generally flat terrain with most area of shrimp farm, and some appearance of plantation. The soil along the project alignment is sa~dy loam and t The CBR value is about 4%. No soil erosion is expected due to runoff, C)S the terrain land along the proposed highway widening is flat. No significant ero$ion and " I problems associated with this project would be anticipated. I Figure 6: Shrimp farm along both sides of project Climatic .data atSongkhla station are available for 30yeflrs (1961-1990). The ':l\/"'r",r,c>highest temperature is 32.9 °C in May. The average lowest temperature is 23.8 °C in . The climate is tropical monsoonal, with a pronounced wet season from May to October. The mean annual rainfall in this region is 1;953.2 mm. The proposed project is not within a seismic No data available on ambient noise level in the project area. However, when comparing with other 4-lane roads in adjacent areas, there is no impact ofnoise on communities "and sensitive receptors. The impact of noise may be considered to be negligible. , : There are no data of ambient air quality of the areas around the project highway. Hclwever, the I I areas are open and could enhance the dispersion and dilution of air poll~tants if any. !n addition, the sensitive receptors, e.g. schools, and hospital are not immediately adjacent to the fOW. As a result, the impact on air pollution may not be significant. -: i I The project al;gnment crosses Khlon9 Pak Trae and other 7 waterways. The wate! quaHty of streams crossed is within class 3.of surface water classification of Ministry of Science, Technology 8 and Environment i.e. water is suitable for agricultural purpose and can be used for domestic ~ I I I Ban Rub Prak ~ ~ ;J 92+000 I I ~ ."", I ",. ~ I I ~ ~ ~ 90+000 ~ ~ ~' 8 Lane I ~ I ! Route 4017 .. Rub Prak Intersection ~ Rout~4083 (J) Ii I» I IS 89+000 ~ ! I .... It) :E ,) ! ~ ~ SHrimp Farm .,.... ~ ? '<;. ~ Fb ; i Community School ~ Heal1 Stationl Medici' Center ® Temple C Government's Office I' I Figure 10: The Road Inventory (Cont.) 12 114+000 Ban Boh Mai ~ Fb Ban Cha Mae School Village Fund Shop o 113+000 WatCha Mae Dee luang Health Station .D. Fruit Plantation Fruit Plantation ~BanChalon o Wat Chalon . .0 Wat Dee luang 111+000 .~. Ban Chum Pol 110+000 a -n ! Ban Wat Kra ~·. !!!. :::I Nang lao Health Station Q +4-.,..--'-'1 WatNang lao 108+000 WatPra Du 0 .. on o3:. 107+000 « Wat See Young 0 Fb Wat See Young School Fire StationEJ Wat Chedi Ngam 0 I:, Fb Wat Chedi Ngam School Medical Center Q + ToA. Krasaesin ~ Fb .D Community School Health Stationl Medical Center @ Temple EJGovernmenfs Office Figure 10: The Road Inventory (Cont.) 13 4., SOCIAL SAFEGUARD SCREENING 4.1 Social Safeguard Screening According to World Bank's relevant Operational Directives (0.0. 4.20: Indigenous Peoples and 0.0. 4.30: Involuntary Resettlement), the initial social assessment checklist is adopted as a guideline for initial social assessment DOH conducted site visit, w~jch i provided' a better understanding of local communities, land use pattern, economic activity, and livelihood. Most of local people earn their living from shrimp farm. · I The potential social impacts during the implementation and operation are id~ntlfledas bfw: Health and safety problems; and . Change in economic activity. I During implementation, construction activities would affect the ambient noise and air iality and safety of both ped.estrians and motorists. People will be impacted if the mitigation measu es are not implemented appropriately. However, it is a requirement that identified measure will be implemented by contractors as they will be included in the contract documents, and mo, itored by DOH. For example, temporary sidewalks will be provided where the existing ones are disturbed and noise-creating activities will be carried out during the daytime.. Highwa.y w.idening can result in b.oth improving and deteriorating. noise and air quality.j't pre .. sent, the capacity oftwo-lane highway is almost fully occupied. In the near future, traffic cong stion may be occurred and that is the major source of air pollutant. Extending the capacity of maj r highway would be benefit overall in this case even when the vehicle volume increases. How ver, poor conditions of highway surface may generate much more air pollutants and higher noise level from vehicles than those generated when driving on good surface conditions. Therefore, t~e regular I highway maintenance will be carried out and included as one of the mitigation measures. Similarly, 1 t traffic signs limiting the vehicle speed will be in place. Inconvenience arising from construction activoies may change economic interaction. LJted travel lanes, poor access to local places and services, and bad conditions of road surface mt deviate road users to other roadways, which consequently decrease the economic activities lalong the proposed section. Nevertheless, appropriate controls and traffic m~nagement d~ring the implementation could maintain or even enhance the economic activities around the project area. During the operation, u-turns could provide a better access to areas along t~e road sectio 4.2 Social Impact and Mitigation Measures Since there is no people utilizing land within the ROW, no social impact would be expecte . No mitigation measures would be required. 14 Initial Social Assessment .(ISA) Checklist of Information on Resettlement Estimated Number of Project Affected Persons1 (APs):___ Vulnerable Groups: Types Yes No ·Remarks · Poverty group affected ,./ The project is proposed to be wliolly within the existing right-of-way. Therefore, resettlement may not be of concern. I · . Women headed households affected ./ ! ' Indigenous Peoples Affected ./ · Other vulnerable group2 affected ,./ , Types of Impacts (Social and Economic Risks)3 Types Yes No Provide details (Expected number 6f households, area of land, types of structures likely to be affected), where possible · Is land acquisition necessary ./ Presence of squatters ./ l- ·· Loss of structures resulting in displacement ./ · Displacement of people due to loss'of ./ productive assets · People losing means of livelihood and ./ incomes · Is there any risk of economic marginalization ./ , ofAPs · Basic facilities! services will be inaccessible ./ · Impact on crops, trees and other fixed assets ./ · i Tenantsl Lessees losing cropsl trees ./ '. Loss of community assets ./ · Loss of existing social & community ties ./ I Note: Information for ISA should be collected in consultation and coordination with EA, local authorities, local NGOs and community leaders of affected community. Where possible, sufficient time should be spent for group discussion with community likely to be affected by the project. The number of people likely to be affected should be based on rapid assessment. This may include disabled, child labor, etc. It may not always be possible to get information on some of the above impacts at the ISA stage. However, particular attention should be paid to these types of impacts during the project preparation stage. 15 5. IMPACT ASSESSMENT &MITIGATION MEA$URE 5.1 Environmental Problems Due To Project Location The road section to widen under the project is within the existing right-of-~ay. and the ajorityof the works will .be undertaken along the existing alignments. Accqrdingly, no significant environmental impacts are anticipated due to the project's location. 5.2 Environmental Problems Related with Project Design The design unit has sought to minimize any environmental impacts by en~uring that thJ widening I I road is within the existing right-of-way. Project design also takes accout;lt of the need to avoid creating potential slips or instability where new embankments are require~. In addition, drainage system was highly emphasized in order to effectively control and preve~t the floodin problem. I The existing culvert will be either lengthened or reconfigured. The new bridge will be con tructed at KM 89+087. Local aesthetic value is another issue to be considered during ~roject desig . 5.3 Environmenta~ Problems Associated with Construction Sitage As the project roadway has served the transportation of this region for a long tilme, most environmental impacts from the widening would occur only during the conStruction. The severities I of these impacts are considered to be minor to moderate because th~y can be mi~igated by implementing appropriate mitigation measures. Furthermore, construction is taking pl~ce in the existing ROW, which is free from significant or important natural features. Pind theywoul~ last for a short period - during the construction. The environmental aspects of concerln would be: · Blockage of entrance/access; · Traffic congestion and safety; Soil erosion and flooding during wet season; · Nuisance noise during the construction; · Deterioration of air quality from construction machinery and vehicles; and · Dust generation during dry season. , I Table 1 shows the potential environmental impacts, and proposed mitigati'l>n measures uring the construction stage. Contractor is responsible for implementing the mitigation measures during the construction and will be required to follow DOH's Conditions of Conttact, Specificl tions for Highway Construction, and proposed Environmental Management Plan. T~e proposed mitigation . measures in Table 1 will be included in the contract. DOH's project engineer will assist a d monitor the contractor in accordance with the mitigation measures identified and on-site impleme tation. 16 Physical Environment Noise Construction activities may Construction equipment will be equipped with engine increase noise level and cause silencers or use equipment, which generate lower noise the noise level to exceed the level. standard: However. when Noise creating activities will be carried out during daylight comparing with other 4-18ne hours. roads in adjacent areas, there is no impact of noise on The Contractor will inform local public regarding the communities and ~ensitive unavoidable noise creating activities,.timing and receptors. The impact of noise construction plan prior to the construction. may be considered to be negligible. Air Quality Transportatiqn of cOnstruction iThe constructio'n materialsand wastes will be removed ,. material. equipment from the construction area as soon as possible. transportation and co'nstruction Spoil trucks, material trucks, and stockpiles will be activities may cause the covered at all times. increase of dus.t and toxic gas. The sensitive receptors are not Regular water spraying will be done on, open surface. immediately adjacent to the The equipment-and machinery will be regularly checked ROW, the impact on air and malfunction observed will be corrected accordingly. pollution may not be The haulage distance will be kept to a minimum. Significant The truck speed will be limited to minimized dust generation.. The Contractor will plant tall, leafy, and dense vegetation between roads and local people' settlement. Vibration Construction transportation, The road's surface condition will. be maintained regularly. and activities may cause high Vibration creating activities will be strictly controlled in ,level of vibration, which cause such a way that minimiz~s the vibration. the trouble to persons iri buildings i Surface Water Construction may cause the Contractor will intenSify the construction activities during Hydrology modification of water flows. the dry season, e.g., excavatingor filling, and bridge construction. Pipes and culverts will be regularly cleaned to prevent blockage of water resulting in flooding problem. Dumping of residual construction material or solid waste into waterways shall be prohibited to protect waterways i from being shallow or stagnant water problem. 17 deteriorated due to the Vegetative area around 1 m fr9m the Wj:l'lpr\/J::\,/<: increased sediment and maintained as a buffer zone. suspended particles, and the Contractor will consider planting native """,,,,t"t;,.,,,., at the contamination from leachate. disturbed water streams Construction material will be stored at least 1°.,0 m from the watercourse. 1 Sanitary latrine and septic tank will be installed within construction camps. Waste dumping will be prohibiled. Washing equipment will not b1 allowed in the streams. Soil and Erosion Opened surface may cause Construction activities will be irtensified I increased erosion. season. I I The extent of ground disturba~ce will be mir,irrrli?~>rI I Grasses and native vegetatio~ will be I'\rr,I'YH,thl after the shoulder is filled and Pompacted to I soil surface instantly. I Geology and No significant mineral sources Mineral exist within the vicinity of the project roadway Rock and earth Dust, noise and vibration could Borrowing pits and quarries wi:1I be located at! 500 m aggregate be generated from rock and from settlement areas. earth borrowing sites. Noise and vibration generating activities pits will be carried out during daylight hours. I I Proper dust, noise and vibratiqn control shall I Stockpiles of construction materials shall be I, sprinkled to prevent dust nuis~hce. Ecological Resources Aquatic ecology Erosion from construction sites The activities of construction may result in downstream dry season. siltation, ruining spawning Bridge will be constructed durihg the dry beds for fish I Construction machinery will bEl inspected regularly to Construction residual can be a prevent any oil leakage. major source of turbidity, and raise biological oxygen Construction activities will be prohibited in fro~t of demand. waterway to prevent silt-laden !water from ent$ring the water streams. 18 Wildlife No ecologically sensitive areas 1--------1 andforestexist. Forest Human and Economic Development Land Use Land use pattern would not Contractor will avoicj making any damage to the water change significantly as the streams crossed. roadway already exists and the Construction activities will be done in such a way that widening would take place avoids filling up water resource and interrupt water wholly within the existing system. ROW. There will be efficient drainage system to avoid flooding problem. Transportation Construction would result'in Construction equipments and materials will be moved congestion, especially at the during the off-peak period traffic to avoid the traffic populated areas and junction congestion. with other highWays. Contractor Shall provide appropriate construction Transportation of construction technique such as detour roads to minimize the problem .material may damage the of local traffic. existing roadway. Local people will be informed regarding the construction plan and activities, and appropriate alternative roads, in advance. Caution signs will be posted to remind road users before entering the construction area. The routes, which have been used to transport construction equipments' and materials, will be maintained in good condition. Flood Control There would be impact on The IflPpropriate and sufficient drainage structures will be drainage, if the drainage installed. structures are not adequately installed. Public Utilities Relocation of infrastructures Contractor will inform affected people regarding any and may be nec.essary. inconveniences, e.g. electric and water cut due to the Infrastructure construction in advance. Construction may affect the accessibility of local utilities Temporary access to any existing areas along the and public areas. roadway being consfructed will be provided. Quality of Life Values Socia-economic! The impacts on the quality of Local public will be informed prior to commencement of life of the local people would civil work regarding temporary conveniences during the I be minor in nature but positive construction. overall. The positive impact is Contractor will minimize damage on surface of existing 19 especially on consumer Road obstruction will be avoid!3d. Where unavoidable, products, due to increasing damages will be repaired as soon as possibl~. demand from construction , I workers. Labor would be sought locallyJconsequently broviding employment to the local peopl~ leading to increased Construction activities may economic activity. affect the convenience of local public and travelers who use the road passing the project areas during construction period. Resettlement No land expropriation is required as the widening will take place within DOH's existing ROW. Archaeological & No archaeological sites would aesthetic values be impacted. Health and Poor sanitary condition, e.g. Contractor will be required to set up a ,,,:,,,it,,,rlt Safety dirty drinking water, management plan for worker 6amp to ensure that DOH's inappropriatewaste requirements are met. management, and inadequate Appropriate waste management will be set u ,e.g. waste and dirty toilet, could result in disposal method, provision of ,garbage can, c. workers' sickness. Clean drinking water will be provided to on - ite Unsafe condition may cause construction workers. workers' injuries. Responsibility will be assigned to maintain s fe and clean construction camp All workers will be trained in s~fety precautio i and emergency plan prior to the cOnstruction. I First aid kit and appropriate pf'rsonal nr'\TF>l,mJ'p equipment i will be sufficiently provided. ' 5.4 Environmental Effects During Operation The potential environmental effects from operation of the proposed widening are listed lin Table 2: Potential Impacts during Operation. The absence of environmentally sensitive are s such as pristine forests within the project area precludes any significant indirect environme tal effects. Major impacts would include increased noise. vibration, air pollution, and road acci~ent ue to road traffic and soil erosion and flooding due to blockage of water flow and poor condition f shoulder. DOH will follow goodpractice during maintenance and coordinate with local governme and other concerned agencies to reduce the impacts. 20 5.5 Potential Environmental Enhancements The environmental enhancements or beneficial impacts from the highway widening are significant, long-term, and wide raging. The benefits are of interregiona,1 significance and include: · Encouragement ofThailand's economic growth; Improved local employment during construction; · Transportation enhancement across the region; and · Increase in local people's income. DOH will set up a monitoring plan for noise level during the to the increased traffic volume, operation at sensitive receptor, e.g. school, and hospital and provide efficient noise barrier where needed. Road surface condition will be maintained to reduce noise pollution. Air Quality Increase traffic level may result DOH's district engineer will maintain good condition of in deterioration of ambjent air roadway to enhance the highest efficiency of the vehicles. quality Traffic signs will be provided to facilitate the traffic and minimize the congestion. Highway District will maintain tall, leafy, and dense vegetation between roads and local people' resettlement. Surface Water Roadway may cause the Culvert maintenance will be carried out by Highway District to Hydrology modification of water flows. ensure the highest efficiency inorder to avoid the blockage of water flows along the highway. SOil and Erosion Poor condition of shoulders Inspection of grassing will be done especially in the time could result in erosion before the rainy season. Health and High traffic volume may cause DOH's district engineer will maintain the traffic warning signs Safety the higher rate of accident to and surface condition to alleviate the accident. both the pedestrians and the road users' I I I j 21 I I I 6. THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ~LAN To mitigate the potential negative impacts of a highway project, an Envi~onmental M~nagement Plan (EMP) is developed typically to identify the mitigation measures to be underta~en during conceptual/detailed engineering design, construction, and operation. stages, incl~ding the responsible units. For the highway-widening project, the detailed engineering design has been comple~d at this stage; therefore the activities specified in the EMP are limited to those t? be carried· ut during construction, and operation. During the conceptual and detailed design. efforts were ma e to avoid the need for land acquisition and compensation, provide adequate safety to road user.s, nd inform the 10caJpublic. DOH carried out a formal consultation meeting with local: public in Jan ary 2009 and a summary of the public consultation report is presented in chapter 8. The mitigation measures for the environmental impacts have been incorporated into the EMP. DOH will continue t make an effort to ensure that the key mitigation measures that can be done during tHe detailed de ign stage is incorporated into the final design. The EMP requirements as ~inimum env ronmental requirements will be included intothe bidding document (specifications for ~ighway const uction). 6.1 NOISE AND VIBRATION A. Background Noise and vibration from construction activities, and transportation of construction materials, and higher traffic volume may impact upon people, property, and other sensitive receptors. B. Objectives To minimize noise and vibration impacts arising from construction activities. ~ I , · To ensure that noise emissions from construction equipment and machinery are controlled and that machinery meets best practice emission standards. · To protect communities from excessive noise. Contractor strictly followed construction : period ~budget · Operate construction activities during daytime. · Limit construction traffic to be during daytime especially the transportation of construction materials. 22 · Use the equipments or machineries, which fit standard of construction. · Regularly check and maintain .construction machineries and promptly repair when malfunction is observed.. . 2. Plantation of leafy trees and shrubs should Contractor Before ending Included in a be applied, of construction construction period budget 3. Traffic signs, limiting the speed of vehicles Highway District Operation phase Included in DQH's to be below 60 krn/hr at communities, routine should be regularly maintained. maintenance budget 4. Road surface condition will bE1 maintained Highway District Operation phase Included in DOH's to reduce noise pollution. routine maintenance budget 6.2 AIR QUALITY A. Background Air quality .could be deteriorated by construction activities as they usually generate dust and toxic gas from machineries, construction vehicles, and open surface. Dust generation is the key air quality issue at construction sites and can be a health hazard. In addition, vehicle emissions are the greatest contributor to air pollution. B. Objectives · To control dust generation and to keep airborne dust to a minimum. · To ensure that emissions from construction machinery and equipment are controlled. To contribute to the control of total vehicle emissions through the promotion of environmentally responsible motoring manner. 1. DOH should clearly specify in the contract DOH, Contractor During Included in a that contractor has to strictly follow the construction construction requirements regarding the environmentally period budget responsible construction performance as follows: Remove construction materials and wastes from the construction area as 23 · Cover trucks and stockpiles of construction materials. · Limit the extent of disturbed or open surface · Restore disturbed areas as soon as possible. · Keep haulage distance of construction materials to a minimum. · Limit construction activities on windy day. · Service equipment and machihery regularly to minimize vehicle emissions. · Spray water on open surface. I 2. Contractor should plant tall, leafy, and Contractor Before endin~ Included in a dense vegetation between roads and local of constructi~n construc ion people' settlement. period budget I 3. Traffic signs should be provided to facilitate Contractor Before endihg Included in a I the traffic and minimize the congestion. of construction constru ion I period budget I 4. DOH's district engineer should maintain Highway District Operation ph~se Included n DOH's good condition of roadway and traffic signs routine · to enhance the highest efficiency of the mainten~nce vehicles. budget 5. Highway district should maintain tall, leafy, Highway District Operation phase Included in DOH's and dense vegetation between roads and routine' local people' settlement. maintenance budget 6.3 WATER QUALITY AND HYDROLOGY A. Background Poor waste and site management, and erosion and drainage control can arise water quality issues relating to highway construction especially in the rainy season. Contamination of local watercourses from the operation of highway may also cause a long term effect on water 24 B. Objectives · To eliminate water pollution from construction activities. · To protect the quality of waterways, groundwater, natural and built drainage systems. To manage the quality of water runoff <;Ind minimize the impact from the highway on the local environment. DOH should clearly specify in the contract DOH, Contractor During Included in a that contractor has to strictly follow the construction construction requirements regarding the enVironmentally period budget responsible construction performance as follows: · Bridges should be planned to be constructed during th'e dry season. · Vegetative area around 1 m from the waterways should be maintained as a ,buffer zone. · Contractor should consider planting native vegetation at the distllrbed water streams · Construction material should be stored at least 100 m from the watercourse. · Waste dumping and equipment washing in water streams is prohibited. · Construction vehicles and machineries should be regularly maintained to prevent fuel and oil leaks. · All chemicals, fuels, and other hazardous substances should be securely stored on imperviously bl.mded area. Bunded areas should not be in areas prone to flooding. 2 Construction areas along the waterway Contractor During Included in a should be control to minimize any possible construction construction soil erosion and drainage of sediment into period budget the waterway 3 Construction camp should be at least 50 m Contractor During Included in a from waterway and wastewater management construction construction should be establish, e.g. septic tank, period budget wastewater drainage system. Other justifiable measures will be taken to prevent the water stream contamination by containing wastewater generating from construction camp. 25 maintain and clean runoff drainage system to ensure the highest efficiency. 5. Grass and trees should be maintained as a Highway District Operation ~hase tool for controlling of sediment, and runoff. DOH's routine maint",,,,,,,,,-,,,, budget' 6.4 CONSTRUCTION CAMP A. Background Usually, construction worker are mainly not local people. Construction camp is temporarily accommodate workers. Consequently, it is likely to generate the sanitary roblems if the construction camp is not well controlled. B. Objectives To obtain good sanitary conditions for construction workers. Contractor should plan and set up Contractor During Includep in a construction camp following the criteria constructiQn constru~tion below: period budget! · Location of the camps - the area s for locating the camps should be at least 50 m from waterway and within the service area of electricity and water supply. · Waste management garbage tank should be provided throughout the construction camp.. Garbage tank should be regularly emptied and cleaned. Other disposal method should be approved and in line with local regulations. · Sanitation - safe and clean drinking water should be provided to all construction workers at all times. Construction camp should be kept clean at all times.Clean restrooms are provided at least 1 restroom per 15 workers. · Management of sewage - wastewater from constructloncamp will be contained 26 and treated via on site septic tank prior to discharge off. o Safety - all workers should be trained in . safety precaution and emergency plan prior to the construction. Adeql,Jatefirst aid kit should be provided. · Removal of the camps and facilities all camp$, and facilities will be removed when the construction is completed. The areas will be restored as close as possible to the original conditions. 2 Reg\Jlar inspection of construction camp Contractor, During Included in a should be held to ensure that all Project Engineer construction construction requirements are met. period budget 6.5 SOIL AND EROSION A. Background Highway construction comprises many activities that are likely cause soil erosion, e,g. excavation, earthworks, and soil aggregate. Large areas of topsoil may be exposed to wind and runoff, which primarily causes soil loss. Soil erosion is, therefore, the major contributor to the build-up of sediment in the water streams. B. Objectives o To protect exposed soil surfaces from erosion o To protect and conserve soils. To protect watercourses and downstream water bodies from siltation, sedimentation and water pollutants. DOH should specify additional requirements Contractor, DOH During Included in a for controlling 0: soilerosion as following: construction construction period budget · Do not disturb or strip vegetation. If it is necessary to remove the vegetation cover, strip the topsoil immediately after clearing, stopkpile and re-use the topsoil to rehabilitate the areas that has been disturbed. · Minimize the area of land disturbed and period of exposure at any points. · Keep stockpiles of construction materials . clear of drainage lines. · Protect embankment from runoff and erosion. Embankment protection and control devices include silt fences, mulch or temporary plant covers. · Contain and equip construction materials storage area with drainage system. · Prevent the transport of sediment from material stockpiles. · Stabilize and cover the entrance and exit of construction material storage areas by temporary vegetation or gravel. · Divert natural runoff around construction areas prior to any site disturbance. · Restrict vehicle movement over cleared areas. 2 All drainage structures and erosion controls Contractor, During Incl in a should be monitored and repaired Highway District construction construction . I periodically.. and ope~ation bud9it and Phase : DOH'S routine I I maintenance 3 Sediment structures and drainage paths' Highway District Operatioh should be maintained through regular Phase I cleaning and flushing out of sediment and litter, in order to retain maximum effectiveness 4 Grassing cover should be maintained over Highway District Operati°r side slope to prevent soil erosion from runoff Phase during rainy season. 6.6 TRANSPORTATION A. Background , I i Highway construction will result in a noticeable increase in the volume of local Itraffic by transportation of construction materials! equipment. The increased traffic etpuld reduce t~e level of road safety if not properly managed in particular to on site workers, road :users, and sJrrounding communities. Road accidents may occur that could result in injuries, deaths, nd other environmental damage. 28 B. Objectives · To minimize impacts from potentially increased traffic volume on local roads. · To ensure the safety of construction personnel and the public. 1. Local people will be informed regarding the Contractor Beginning of Included in a construction plan, activities, and appropriate construction construction alternative roads, in advance. period budget 2. The contractor has to strictly follow the traffic Contractor During Included in a management plan as described below: construction · The contractor constructs first stage at period area outside edge of existing roadway. · During firststage construction, Interruptions to traffic flow on existing roadway a~e not allowed. If the contractor requires area on shoulder of existing roadway for construction, permission has to be obtained from the projeCt engineer. < < · The contractor shall provide preventive measures against accident and inconvenience to the road user. The measure s~all include installation of traffic sign, markirg, signal, lighting, and other incidental conforming to DOH. · After complete the first stage :construction up to binder course layer, this layer will be opened to traffic serve. Then; the second stage construction will be commenced. · No space allowed on first sta\1S construction area for second ~tage' construction. · After finishing the second stage construction with all incidentals, all traffic will be diverted to use these areas, and then wearing course layer shall be placed in first stage construction area with all incidentals. · Lane blocking at any place and any time are not allowed. Except the necessary area, blocking may be allowed at night time. During blocking time, both direction of traffic flow shall be maintained at least one lane and preventive measures against accident shall be provided. 29 3. Construction equipments and materials will Contractor During InCIUled in a be moved during the off-peak period traffic to construction const uction avoid the traffic congestion. period budg t 4. Temporary access to any existing areas Contractor During Inclue ed in a along the roadway being constructed will be construction const uction I provided. period budg t , 5. The routes, which have been used to Contractor During Inclue ed in a transport construction equipments and construction const uction I materials, will be maintained ill good period , budg t , condition. I 6. Road surface condition and traffic signs will Highway District Operatidn Included in be maintained. Phase DOH's routine maintenance bUd9~t I I 6.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC A. Background Socio-economic impacts can consist of positive and negative impacts to: human life ithin local communities. Economic impacts occurred during construction such as increase local ihcome or loss of business opportunities. Social impacts are the other impacts to hocial system such as restriction in access to transport, recreation and work, noise and other environment I impacts i affecting the community. Social impacts can be managed through a public ihvolvement p ocess. I B. Objectives · To maintain existing social systems and networking during con~truction. · To manage community issues proactively and ensure stakehorder satisfacti~n with the public involvement process. · To ensure that construction schedule is not delayed due to social or econom 1. Beginning of commencemi3nt of civil work regarding construction temporary inconveniences during' the period construction period. 2. Provide employment opportunities to the Contractor Beginni~g of local pedple as the first priority and as much construc~on as possible. period 3. provide a telephone number as an Contractor During information line for com members to construction 30 call to request information or register complaints. 4. ~rovide clear signs on and around. the Contractor .construction site with essential information construction about the project. period budget 6.8 FOREST RESOURCE A. Background No ecologically sensitive areas and forest exist in the project area. However, some plants will be removed and can result in the loss of vegetation from that site. Any loss of threatened vegetation will reduce the chances for the long term survival of that species. B. Objectives · To ensure that maximum vegetation is retained on-site. To ensure that any rare species are not damaged by the construction activities. 1. The contractor has to follow the requirements Contractor During Included in a as described below; construction construction period budget · Avoid disturbing the vegetation in areas outside the construction zone. · Contact the Forest Industry Organization before removing teaks from the construction areas (if any). Transplanting shall be considered as much as possible. 7. THE MONITORING PLAN 31 DOH will bear full responsibility for ensuring that the project complies with best environmental practices and meets the mitigation and monitoring requirements as described in this report. This program would form part of the documentation to which contractors respond and scpe of the mitigation and the action plan are present in chapter 6: The Environmental Manage ent Plan (EMP). To ensure highly effective EMP, a monitoring program has been developed. This env ronmental monitoring program involves two elements: environmental quality monitoring and rno ito~ing of contractor's environmental performance. Environmental Quality can be assessed by common monitoring parameters such as Total Suspended Particle (TSP), and noise and vibration level. Given the extent of env ronmental impacts associated with the project, however, the environmental quality will not be s gnificantly deteriorated. The impacts of highway widening are minor in nature and short in dLration. In addition, the results of public involvement indicated that public rather concern about their convenience and safety as they rarely experience the severe impacts on dust, noise, and vibration nuisance. Furthermore, Environmental Management Plan has been developed to ensure the Contractor's good environmental practices. However, DOH will require the Contractor tal set up an emergency budget for environmental quality monitoring advised by Environment Group. !This could be a result from periodiC monitoring of the Contractor's environmental performance if any major deficiency of good practices is observed. The Contractor's Environmental Performance is the crucial factor contributing to env ronmental quality. Therefore, a constructive monitoring on the Contractor's environmental perfor ance has been set up. Environmental Management Monitoring-Checklist has beeh developed f r periodic monitoring by the Contractor, DOH's Project Engineer, and DOH's Ellvironment G oup. This checklist comprises five parts: project description, monitoring log sheet, ~onthly check and non- compliance and cOrrective and preventive action. · Project description includes the detailed information of the project title location, Contract period, DOH's Project Engineer, and The Contractor. · Monitoring log sheet records the monitoring date and presents the acknowedgement of the COntractor. regarding the monitoring results. · Monthly Check involves common environmental management, which hould be established prior to the commencement of civil work and all common cJnstruction activities, which could result in adverse environmental impacts.· · Non-compliance anti corrective and preventive action is a record of non-compliance identified from the periodic monitoring. This is to ensure that effectiveI action is established to rectify any improper environmental managementor practices. I , I DOH's Project Engineer will monitor the Contractor's environmental performance at leJst once a month. A monthly report, which contains completed monitoring checklist, summary of findings, 32 corrective and preventive actions, and copies of monitoring checklists completed by the Contractor will be submitted to DOH's Environment Group_ DOH's Environment Group will conduct six-monthly monitoring (audit) on the C9ntractor's environmental performance at le.ast twice a year (during dry and wet season). The Contractor and DOH's ProjectEngineer will be present throughout the monitoring. If any major deficiencies in good environmental practices are observed during monitoring, the Contractor will be responsible fOr the monitoring of environmental quality (dust, noise, vibration, water quality, etc) as advised by the Environment Group. The results of environmental monitoring will be compared with relevant environmental .standards issued by enforcing .authorities,. e,g. the Pollutipn Control Department. Appropriate correction will be. carried. out accordingly. The summary of monitoring results will. be submitted to the World Bank. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 33 Oil Overlay Oil Others Location , Contract period , DOH's Project Engineer (Print) (Inspector) (Signature) Contractor's Project (Print) Engineer (Signature) ~_'~~,.,f.;'-~~I~ WI~~_·~ 34 MONITORING LOG SHEET Monitored by Acknowledged by Date (The Contractor, DOH's Project Engineer, (The Contractor's subordinate, or DOH's Environment Group) Contractor's Project Engineer) .. .. 35 No dust nuisance is observed from construction sites and facilities, material transport and opened surface. Loaded trucks are covered or sprinkled. No spill is observed on transport roads. No ground surface is being exposed longer than two days without water spray. · Stockpiles are covered or sprinkled. 2 Borrow pits and quarries are located at least 500 m from settlement areas and 100 m from water bodies. 3 Construction facilities: asphalt plant, concrete mixing plant, warehouse, chemical and waste storage area, are located at least 500 m from settlement area. 4 No noise and vibration nuisance is observed. · Loading weight of trucks and driving speed are controlled. · There is a record showing periodic maintenance of construction equipment and vehicle. 5 No flooding is. observed Drainage channels are not blocked with sediment, garbage, residual construction material, etc. 6 No waste and high sediment is observed in water bodies · Material and waste dumping into water bodies is prohibited · A proper control, e.g. net, to prevent any material from entering water bodies is in place when construction is carried out at/closed to water bodies. 7 Stockpile are located at least 100 1']1 away from water bodies 8 On-site wastewater treatments are provided at construction camp, asphalt plant, concrete mixing plant, construction equipment and vehicle maintenance areas. 9 Wastewater is collected and properly treated via on-site wastewater treatment plant prior to discharged off 10 Waste management p!ocedure and equipment (waste container, waste storage area, etc) are in place.. 36. Final waste disposal e.g. landfill and incineration within construction site is prohibited. Waste oil and liquid hazardous waste are collected and stored in closed container within imperviously bunded and floored area (with capa at least 110%,of capacity of the largest tank) 13 Garbage containers are adequately provided and kept closed at all times except when used. No overloaded garbage container is being observed. 14 Liquid and solid chemicals, including engine fuel, are stored in closed container or package within imperviously bunded and floored area (with capacity at least 110% of capacity of the largest ta All chemical containers are labeled. , ' Chemical containers are in good conditions and kept closed at Free and safe movement of two-way traffic over the project section of highway or road exposed to the ha,ul of materials is maintained. Temporary detour roads are maintained in good conditions. · Warning signs, barricades or illumination are provided in accordance with DOH's standards. · · Any damage to existing and detour rpads is repaired in a timely manner Construction sites 'and worker camp are kept clean and tidy. Clean restrooms are provided toconstruction workers at least 1 restroom per 15 workers. First aid kits \,md personal protective equipment are provided and easily accessible by construction workers. 37 Project Title Monitoring Date Description of non-compliance Location Corrective and preventive actions Target IDate Contractor's project engineer DOH's project engineer _____________(Print) _____---'--__-+1(Print) i (Signature) (Signature) Close-up Completely closed LJj Incompletely closed (describe here ______________-+___ DOH's project engineer __~_____________(Print) (Signature) Date 38 8. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT 8.1 Introduction Public involvement is one of the, important parts for aI/ projects that will be, preceded by the DOH. The purpose of the Public Involvement is to insure that development road project undertaken by the DOH including adequate public involvement prior to action. More specifically, we expect to ensure that views, concerns, and values of all stakeholders involved are known and partiCipated. Comments from .the stakeholders would be considered and incorporated into the design and mitigation plan. The ultimate goal is to provide the better road, service for most of the people arid to minimize social impacts and environmental impacts to local communities and natural environment. This public involvement is part of an environmental study of the proposed highway-widening project to be financed by the World Bank Loan. 8.2 Purpose of the Public Meeting The DOH chooses the public meeting technique for this project. The reason is that the public, . meeting is the direct means in receiving recommendations from the wide range of stakeholders. The purposes of the public meeting are to: 1. Provide an up to date inf9rmation of the DOH project to all involved stakeholders, ' . 2. Provide opportunities for stakeholders to exchange information that will be incorporated into the design and mitigation plan, and 3. Reduce the conflict and encourage the public, to participate in the development of highway project. 8.3 Stakeholders The stakeholders for this project can be divided to be 7 groups as follows:- 1. Local people that compose of 8 community leader local people living along the roadside i.e. Moo 4 Village leader of Deeluang Sub-district, Moo 2, 4, 10 Village leader of Thaborn Sub-district, Moo 1, 6 Village leader of Paktrae Sub-district, Botru Sub- district Village leader and Thaborn Sub-district Village leader. 2. Local government officials i.e. Botru Municipality, Deelaung Subdistrict Administratio~ Organization, Phagyang Subdistrict Administration Organization, Taborn Subdistrict Administration Org!;lnization, Rawa Subdistrict Administration Organization, Paktrae Subdistriction Administration Organization, Wat Son Subdistrict Administration Organization, Ranod Subdistrict Police Station and Sambo Subdistict Police Station. 3. Private and business sector i.e. Ranod Cold Storage Co., Ltd., Charoen Pokphand Food Pcl., local entrepreneurs of Rawa Subdistrict and Botru Sub-district at Ra Nod District. 4. Academics/Schools I.e. Wat Ched] Ngam School. 5. Mass media i.e. local radio station of Ranod District. 39 6. Project proponent Le. Bureau of Highway 15th and the Highway District of $ongkla as the representative of the Department of Highway. I 7. Other interested people Le. agriculturists, housewives, fisherman. ard retired government officials. ti 8.4 Agency Responsibilities· . . Both representative from central office and regional office of the Department of Highwa will be in charge of this project. . 8.5 DatelTime/Location The public meeting was held on 16th January 2009 between 9 am and 12 pm at Botru M~nicipality, Ranod District, Songkla Province. Botr.u Municipality is readily accessible, centrally 1.0 ated, well known among the stakeholders, adequate circulation space for handicapped and whe Ichairs at the entrance and throughout the meeting room (in case disabled people) and usually provide ample parking. 8.6 Disclosure Information 1. Background of the project 2. Road design 3, Environmental impacts and mitigation measures 8.7 Summary of Public Involvement There are 306. persons in this public meeting. The suggestion of the participants meeting as the followings: '. The suggeStion of the people . '::'. Responses ) .... 1. Environment 't Problem of flood and drainage system shall be It was already taken into consideration by providing solved. additional culverts for better draining. i How the problem of public utilities and existing The P"'ject "''' ;010"" oonoe"ed agecde, connected roads could be solved. remove public utilities in accordance with dra ·n9. Existing connected roads will be redesigned nd be informed to land owner before making permission from DOH. . Environmental impacts from road construction shall Impacts on environment will be mitigated and! shall be mitigated and evaluation of contractor in the be incorporated in construction contract. Evaluation : light of construction quality shall also be carried on construction quality will be carried out afte out. project completion. 40 2. Safety Pedestrian bridges at Wat Si Yang and Wat Chedi Pedestrian bridges at Wat Si Yang and Wat Chedi Ngam schools as well as at CP factory shall be Ngam schools wil,l be provided, at CP factory will constructed. take into further consideration. During the n'ighttime, installation of traffic signs and During construction, in'stallation of traffic signs and ! signals shall be planed. signals were already planed. In addition. any problems or impacts sh~Tlalso, be informed to ! project engineer or districtengine~r for solvihg. 41 9. CONCLUSION Since the project road passes through· relatively flat terra.in, no eCOlOgiCallY. sensitive a~'a such as national park found, therefore, impact on natural environment is considered to be n gligible. In addition, the widening activities will be done within the existing ROW, no additional I nd will be acquired. Impacts arising from road construction, hence, are insignificant and can entirely be mitigated. During construction, impacts on people and environment would then be cohtrolled by proper monitoring plan. In brief, the widening project, by nature, will not create any~.significant impact on environment. Based on the public participation activities, it is revealed that the public targets' suggestions are taken into consideration for further modification of. the project a d to be in conformed with the local communities' needs. ' 42 ANNEX I Picture of the Public Involvement Process January 16, 2009 43 Picture of the Public Involvement January 16, 2009