E1879 VOL. 4 REVISED Uganda National Roads Authority CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR DETAILED DESIGN OF THE UPGRADING TO PAVED (BITUMEN) STANDARDS OF GULU-ATIAK-NIMULE ROAD ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT REPORT JULY 2009 'E International CONSULTING ENGINEERS TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................ i LIST OF ACRONYMS ...................................................................................... iviv LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................. iviv LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................yy. 1 EXECUTIVE SLIMMARY ........................................................................... vi:y:j 1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................Yl¥i: 1.1.1 Background...........................................................................................Yl¥i: 1.1.2 Objectives of the' Study .........................................................................Yl¥i: 1.1.3 Brief Description of the Project Area ......................................................vi¥i: 1.1.4 Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework ........................ :............ :..... viivfi. 1.1.5 Potential Impacts of the Project ......................................................... viiivili 1.1.6 Environmental and Social Management Plan .................................... viiivili 1.1.7 Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan ............................................ ]K~ 1.1.8 Conclusion ............................................................................................]KB<: 2 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................11 2.1 Background ...................................................................................................1-:1 2.2 Objectives of the Study ..................................................................................1-:1 2.3 Brief Description of the Project Area .............................................................. 14 2.4 Methodology of the Study/Assessment ............................................................2 3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND JUSTIFICATION...................................... ¥ 3.1 Brief Description of the Project ....................................................................... ~4 3.2 Project Activities ............................................................................................~4 3.3 Project Impact Area ........ ............................ ......... ............ ......... ...... .. 4 POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ........................... 29 4.1 National Environment Management Policy Framework .................................. §6 4.2 Sectoral Policies Relevant to the Road project ............................................... §@ 4.3 Donor Policies (WB OP/ BP 4.01 on Environmental Assessment) ................. §.g 4.4 Relevant Sectoral Laws .............................................................................11+4 4.5 Relevant Institutions and Institutional Framework ................................ . 5 BASELINE SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS OF PROJECT AREA 141-4 5.1 Socia-Economic Baseline .......................................................................... 14~4 5.1.1 Population Growth and Density .......................................................... 14-14 5.1.2 Life Expectancy .................................................................................. .1.1.-14 5.1.3 Household Income and Economic Activities ....................................... .1Q~ 5.1.4 Land Ownership and Tenure Arrangements ....................................... .1§-+8 5.2 Biophysical Environment. ........................................................................... 19W 5.2.1 Topography ........................................................................................ 19+9 5.2.2 Geology ............................................................................................. 19W 5.2.3 Climate ............................................................................................... JJ!W 5.2.4 Hydrology ........................................................................................... 19+9 5.2.5 Soil erosion ........................................................................................ 19W 5.2.6 Vegetation and Forests ...................................................................... JJ!+9 5.2.7 Plant Species of important Commercial Value .................................... 212-i 5.2.8 Wildlife (Fauna) .................................................................................. 222-2 5.2.9 Agriculture .......................................................................................... 222-2 5.2.10 Utilities ............................................................................................... 222-2 6 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE ROAD CONSTRUCTION ...........................................................................................2525 6.1 Positive impacts ......................................................................................... 252-a 6.2 Negative Sodo Economic Impacts ............................................................. 252-a 6.3 Negative Biophysical Impacts .................................................................... 262B 6.3.1 Bush Clearing and Earthworks ........................................................... 262B 6.3.2 Visual Dis Amenity ............................................................................. 272::7 6.3.3 Construction Traffic and Heavy Machinery ......................................... 272::7 6.3.4 Occupational Exposure to Accidents and Workplace Hazards ........... 272::7 6.3.5 Workers Camp and Staff Accommodation .......................................... 272::7 6.3.6 Stone quarries, Off-Site Borrow Pits and Other Sources of Construction Materials 282-3 6.3.7 Lost Carbon Sequestration Potential .................................................. 282-3 6.3.8 Utilities Particularly Water Supply Systems ........................................ 282-& 6.3.9 Post Construction Road Traffic ........................................................... 292-9 7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MITIGATION ............................................. 30W , 7.1 Mitigation of Negative Socio-Economic Impacts ......................................... 3030 7.2 Mitigation of Negative Bio-Physicallmpacts ............................................... 30~G ii 7.2.1 Bush Clearing and Earth Works ......................................................... 3030 7.2.2 Visual Dis Amenity ............................................................................ .:i1J.:1 7.2.3 Construction Traffic and Heavy Machinery ......................................... 31~ 7.2.4 Occupational Exposure to Accidents and other Workplace Hazards .. 32~ 7.2.5 Workers Camp and Staff Accommodation .......................................... 32~ 7.2.6 Stone quarries, off-Site Borrow Pits and Other Sources of Construction Materials 34J4. 7.2.7 Lost Carbon Sequestration Potential .................................................. 34J4 7.2.8 Public utilities Particularly Water Supply Systems .............................. 35~ 7.2.9 Road Safety ....................................................................................... 35~ 8 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS OF THE ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND MITIGATION MEASURES ............................................................................. 3737 9 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN - ESMP .................................................................................................4649 10 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................... 5454 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................ 55SS APPENDIX 1: .................................................................................................5757 APPENDIX 2: ................................................................................................. 6363 APPENDIX 3: ................................................................................................. 6464 APPENDIX 4: ................................................................................................. 8184 iii LIST OF ACRONYMS DEC District Environment Committee DEO District Environment Officer DFO District Forest Officers DHI District Health Inspector EA Environmental Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment IDA International Development Association EP Environmental Practitioner MOWT Ministry of Works and Transport NEMA National Environment Management Authority NEA National Environment Act Cap 153 OP Operational Poley RE Resident Engineer UNRA Uganda National Road Authority UWA Uganda Wildlife Authority ESIS Environmental Social Impact Statement LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Summary of impacts, types, magnitude, mitigation measures, when and implementing agencies .............................................................................................. 373+ Table 2: EnvironmentallVlitigation, Management and Monitoring COsts ............... 4444 Table 3: Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP) ................................................... 4747 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Project Area Map.............................................................................................. 2 Figure 2: Some of the Population Hotspots-lOP Camp ................................................. §e Figure 3: Charcoal Loads/Bags being sold by the road side in the proposed project area .................................................................................................................................. 16.:1-9 Figure 4: Illustration of Women Market.. .................................................................... 174+ Figure 5: Illustration of Boda Boda transporters ......................................................... 18W Figure 6: Keyo Central Forest Reserve Pine Plantation and Grassland (Panicum maximum) ................................................................................................................. 20~ Figure 7: Open grassland scrub .......................................................................... .. Figure 8: Large Useful Trees on the Road Side .................................................... . Figure 9: Water Utility Infrastructure on the Roadside ............................................. .. Figure 10: Typical Toilet Structure in the lOP ............................................................ 24;M v 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Background The Uganda National Roads Authority (UNRA) recently commissioned a study to assess, cost and propose mitigation measures for the potential environmental impacts of the proposed construction and upgrade of the Gulu-Atiak-Nimule road (from Class B gravel to Class 2 bitumen standard).The proposed road measuring 104 kms will traverse the two districts of Gulu and Amuru in Northern Uganda. The proposed construction and upgrade of the road will involve widening of the carriage way and road reserve, construction of bridges and laying of culverts and other auxiliary activities leading to a number of environmental and social economic implications induding destruction of sections of important woodland habitats, felling of trees, digging of borrow pits, visual dis-amenity, land take, loss of the carbon sequestration potential of impacted wetland, plantation forest and woodland areas, and loss of biodiversity. This EIA was conducted as part of the final feasibility and detailed design of the proposed road project. 1.1.2 Objectives of the Study The main objective of this study was to determine the likely positive and negative environmental impacts of the proposed upgrade of the Gulu-Atiak-Nimule road to bitumen standard. The study also aimed at estimating the magnitude and value of some of the key environmental costs and benefits. The study also proposed appropriate mitigation measures and an Environm:;ntal and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the proposed road project. 1.1.3 Brief Description of the Project Area The proposed road traverses the two districts of Gulu and Amuru and covers a total distance of 104 km. The project area is located between latitudes 20° 15' Nand 30° 35'N and longitudes 31° 20' and 32° 20' E. The longer part of the road spanning nearly 100 km passes through Amuru District. The road corridor traverses dominantly gentle sloping terrain particularly between Gulu and the Awer wetland System. Between Awer and Bibia, the terrain is mostly flat and gently slopes northwards towards Unyama Valley and wetland system and Nimule at the border with Sudan. The area has very little surface water except for Layibi wetland and a small stream flowing through it, two small streams called Ladul and Oyitino near Lacor Hospital, Awer stream and wetland, Elego seasonal wetland and Unyama wetland and its drainage system. vi The project impact area consists mostly of gently sloping terrain between Gulu and Awer wetland area in Lamogi Sub-county. From Awer and beyond Atiak Township, the proposed project area may be described as a flat plain, which gently tilts to Bibia Border post, and then slopes a little more steeply towards Unyama valley and wetland system towards Nimule. The geology of the area is dominated by Pre-Cambrian rock formations comprising of quartzites, phyllites and undifferentiated acidic gneiss with some intermediate gneiss. The main soil types within the project area are vertisols, lothosols, alluvials, ferruginous and ferralitic soils. There is no evidence of soil erosion because the area is mostly flat. The project area consists largely of Savanna wooded grassland with a fairly rich diversity of hard wood deciduous trees. There is only one forest reserve in the entire project area called Keyo Central Forest Reserve. The forest is under pine plantation. Some mammal species including Uganda kobs, warthogs, gazelles, bushbucks, and duikers are known to live in the extensive savanna woodland but in small numbers. A variety of bird species are also found in the project area. Both the mammals and birds are however, not protected in any reserve. Surveys and consultations with the public did not reveal any physical cultural resources to be impacted upon by the project road. In addition the road alignment will follow the existing alignment as much as possible and it is not the practice to have such resources within the road reserves or very close to roads. However, if the chance finds occur, they will be handled according to the existing cultural and nationallequirements. 1.1.4 Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework The National Environment Management Policy of 1994 is the overarching policy document on environmental management in Uganda. The policy sets out the overall policy goals, objectives and principles for environmental management in the country. It also provided the basis for the development of specific guidelines including the Guidelines for Environmental impact Assessment for Uganda and the Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines for Roads Projects (2008). A number of sectoral polices are relevant to the road project. These indude the National Policy for the Conservation and Management of Wetland Resources (1995); the National Wildlife Policy (1995); the National Forestry Policy (2001); the National Water Policy (1999); the National Tourism Policy (2003); the Decentralisation Policy (1997); the National Gender Policy (1997), the National Land Policy (2008), HIVIAIDS and World of Work policy (2007), and GOU Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) Policy Framework. Specific donor policies also apply to the project and particularly the World Bank safeguard policies on environmental assessment, natural habitats and forests. vii The legislation include; the Occupational Safety and Health Act (2006), the Land Act, Cap. 227, the Uganda National Roads Authority Act, 2006, the Local Governments Act, 1997, the Uganda Wildlife Act, Cap 200, the Historical Monuments Act 1967, the National Forestry and Tree Planting Act, 2003, the Workers' Compensation Act 2000, the National Environment ry../aste Management) Regulations 1999, the National Environment (Audit) regulations, 2006, the National Environment (Control of Smoking in Public Places) Regulations 2004 and, the Petroleum Supply Act 2003. The National Environment ManClgement Authority (NEMA) is the institution mandated to coordinate, monitor and supervise all activities in the field of environment. In so doing the institution works with agencies responsible for the management of different segments of the environment referred to Lead Agencies. 1.1.5 Potential 1m pacts of the Project Upgrading of Gulu-Atiak-Nimule Road will eliminate what is a seemingly increasing dust storm during hot dry days. Completion of the road project will also expedite the rehabilitation of the northern region following the 20 years of civil strife. The road will be of immense benefit to both Uganda and Southem Sudan. It is anticipated that trade will flourish, particularly that in food stuffs and other essential commodities. The downside of the project is that trade in products like charcoal, which is already rather very extensive, could ha\ie negative environmental implications. 1.1.6 Environmental and Social Management Plan A number of mitigation measures and a mitigation plan have been proposed in the ESIS. The key elements include recommendations on the protection of indigenous trees planted along the existing road alignment during the colonial era and environmental restoration activities. The other elements touched in the ESIA include reducing the impact of earth works, occupational safety and health impacts, promoting gender equality, control of HIV/AIDs and ensuring road safety during construction and operations. The EIA proposed that the number of borrow pits be reduced to about 25 to minimize the potential negative impacts of earth works. There are already 11 active and 14 abandoned borrow pits along the road corridor according to a recent survey of the road. The borrow pits are used for routine road repair. All the abandoned borrow pits have not been reshaped and restored and will therefore be reshaped under the project. The ESIA proposes that the trees along the projects road should be protected. However, in circumstances where this is not possible the consultations with relevant agencies revealed that they could be cut down and young ones planted to replace them. The ESIS proposes tree planting as part of environmental activities to be undertaken under the project. The ESIVIP also recommends that all land owners where borrow pits and road diversions are established be adequately and promptly compensated to mitigate the impact of land take. viii The ESMP also proposed that Indigenous fast-growing grass species such as Cynodon dactylon be planted to restore roadsides, borrow pits and other degraded areas. Appropriate indigenous trees such as Terminalia spp, Milicia excelsa, Mangifera indica and Senna spp should be planted to mark the road reserve and to beautify the road corridor. All borrow pits should be appropriately restored and lands returned to the ownersAny chance cultural, historic or archaeological finds particularly at quarries and borrow pits will be handled according to the Ministry of Works, Housing and Communications General Specifications for Road and Bridge Works Section 1700, Clause 1711 on preservation of historical and archaeological data and the Museums and Monuments Act 1967. 1.1.7 Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan The plan proposes regular environmental monitoring activities to be undertaken by the mandated government agencies both at the national and local level, the contractor and UNRA. In addition, in the project area, there are works committees which will be taken advantage of to undertake monitoring of the Environmental and Social Management Plan. Further, the Contractor will be required to prepare a standalone Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan (ESMMP). 1.1.8 Conclusion The ESIA process has identifies and appropriately mitigates potential environmental and social impacts of a proposed project. The ESIA proposes mitigation measures not only to address the environmental and social well-being during implementation of project but also proposes enhancement of the overall performance of the project after implementation. The ESIA process has been a participatory process involving consu~ations with all stakeholders with a view to identifying their concerns and ensuring that they are addressed during desgn, construction and operation of the project. The ESIS includes an ESMP together with a monitoring plan framework. The ESMP and monitoring plan framework provides the contractor a good basis for implementation of mitigation measures and the institutions involved in environmental monitoring with an appropriate framework for ensuring compliance. ix 2 INTRODUCTION 2.1 Background The Uganda National Roads Authority (UNRA) recently commissioned a study to assess, cost and propose mitigation measures for the potential environmental impacts of the proposed construction and upgrade of the Gulu-Atiak-Nimule road (from Class B gravel to Class 2 bitumen standard).The proposed road measuring 104 kms will traverse the two districts of Gulu and Amuru in Northern Uganda. The proposed construction and upgrade of the road will involve widening of the carriage way and road reserve, construction of bridges and laying of culverts and other auxiliary activities having the potential of positive and negative environmental and social economic implications including impacting on sections of woodland habitats, trees along the road, excavation of borrow pits. land take, visual disamenity, loss of the carbon sequestration potential of impacted wetland, plantation forest and woodland areas, and loss of biodiversity. This ESIA was conducted as part of the final feasibility and detailed design of the proposed road project. 2.2 Objectives of the Study The main objective of this study was to determine the likely positive and negative environmental impacts of the proposed upgrade of the Gulu-Atiak-Nimule road to bitumen standard. The study also aimed at estimating the magnitude and value of some of the key environmental costs and benefits. The study also proposed appropriate mitigation measures and an Environmental Management Plan (ESMP) for the proposed road project. 2.3 Brief Description of the Project Area The proposed road traverses the two districts of Gulu and Amuru and covers a total distance of 104 km. The project area is located between latitudes 20° 15' Nand 30° 35'N and longitudes 31° 20' and 32° 20' E. The longer part of the road spanning nearly 100 km passes through Amuru District. The road corridor traverses dominantly gentle sloping terrain particularly between Gulu and the Awer wetland System. Between Awer and Bibia, the terrain is mostly flat and gently slopes northwards towards Unyama Valley and wetland system and Nimule at the border with Sudan. The road upgrade will improve road access and trackabil~y to the Sudan in the north, Kitgum District to the north-east; Gulu District to the east; Oyam District to the south east; Masindi and Bulisa Districts to the south; Nebbi District to the south-west and Arua and Adjumani Districts to the west. In addition to improving the northerly link to the Sudan, the road will also provide a westerly link from Atiak Township to Adjumani and eventually Moyo Districts. A map indicating the project area is included bebw. 1 Sudan 4djumani A rn u r Figure 1: Project Area Map 2.4 Methodology of the Study/Assessment The study was carried out in three phases including a detailed literature review, review and analysis of field data and detailed public consultations. Public consultations and meetings aimed at building consensus and agreement on key conceptual issues and the approach to the study were also done. The study followed the national guidelines on Environmental Impact Assessment (NEMA, 1998), the Road Sector Guidelines of 2007 2 and World Bank operational policies and bank procedures, specifically WB OPIBP 4.01 on Environmental Assessment. The other key documents consulted during the review included relevant Ugandan and World Bank policies governing environmental issues in the road sector, national policy documents and ESIA reports on completed and on-going road projects in the country. The study involved a number of formal and informal consultations. Formal consultations included those with staff of the Uganda National Roads Authority (UNRA), the Municipal Environment Officer, Gulu; the District Environment Officer, Gulu and his counterpart in Amuru. The District Forest Officers of both districts were also consulted. Further consultative meetings were also held with key informants in the two districts. Key informant discussions were then strengthened by field baseline data surveys and personal observation. A II these formed a basis for impact prediction and analysis 3 3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND JUSTIFICATION 3.1 Brief Description of the Project The proposed project is a road upgrade from the current regularly maintained Class B gravel road to bitumen standard. The road project is planned to start in Gulu Municipally at the roundabout in the direction of Christ Church, initially passing through densely populated areas of the municipality, before proceeding through a number of internally displaced peoples' camps (lOP camps), trading centres and townships. The major lOP camps, trading centres and townships that will be impacted upon by the road project include Lacor, Pabbo, Pawell, Atiak and Bibia. The road is part of the great north road corridor connecting the Kenyan Port City of Mombasa to Uganda, key trade centres in the Sudan and Egypt. tn its current state, the road experiences heavy traffic ftows to northern Uganda, the west Nile Region, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Southern Sudan. However, the road becomes impassable during the rainy season. Trucks often get stuck in the mud and in several instances perishable goods have been lost resulting in serious economic loss. The travel time on the road is also unnecessarily long because of the poor traction conditions of the road. It is therefore considered important that the road is upgraded to bitumen standard implying that the zero option was not considered. 3.2 Project Activities The road project will involve a number of activities from project initiation through road works to commissioning. The key project activities will include land acquisition and compensation, bush clearing and earthworks, cutting and filling, borrow pitting, construction of workers' camps, vehicle maintenance, quarrying and blasting of rocks, transportation of road construction materials, transportation of household/domestic wastes and hazardous waste, road compaction and road sealing. Each of the above activities has important environmental implications including land take, generation of loose materials and dust, exacerbation of soil erosion, establishment of borrow pits, spewing of dust, impairing of visibility on the road, noise, air and chemical pollution and sub-sonic vibrations. Blasting of stones at quarrying sites poses particular danger to neighbouring communities including possible physical injuries and noise pollution. In order to mitigate some of the above impacts, it is anticipated that the new road alignment will not change very much from the old one. This is also because the existing road alignment has very few bends. 4 3.3 Project Impact Area The proposed road project impact area includes the immediate road right of way (RoW) including the road reserve (estimated at 30 metres overal~, the road catchment area and up to 10 km distance on either side of the road to cover road works, earth movements and off-site sourcing of road construction materials (World Bank Environmental Assessment Guidelines). This particular road project traverses a mostly sparsely populated area, with a few population hotspots in Lacor Trading Centre, Pabbo, Pawell, Atiak Township, Bibia and Nimule Town at the border with the Sudan. The precise road alignment will be indicated in the detailed design documents of the project. Figure 2: Some of the Population Hotspots- lOP Camp 5 4 POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 4.1 National Environment Management Policy Framework The National Environment Management Policy of 1994 is the overarching policy document on environmental management in Uganda. The policy sets out the overall policy goals, objectives and principles for environmental management in the country. It also provides the basis for the development of specific guidelines including the Guidelines for· Environmental Impact Assessment in Uganda and the Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines for Road Projects of 2008. The overall environmental policy goal is sustainable social and economic development. Specific policy goals include ·conservation, preservation and restoration of ecosystems and maintenance of ecological processes and life support systems; and optimum resource use and achieving a sustainable level of resource consumption. The NEMP also sets out a number of cross-sectoral policy objectives, principles and strategies, including the management and conduct of environmental impact assessments in Uganda. 4.2 Sectoral Policies Relevant to the Road project A number of sectoral policies are relevant to the road project. These include the National Policy for the Conservation and Management of Wetland Resources (1995); the National Wildlife Policy (1995); the National Forestry Policy (2001); the National Water Policy (1999); the National Tourism Policy (2003); the Decentralisation Policy (1997); the National Gender Policy (1997) and the National Land Policy (2008). The policy on wetland management sets out five goals, namely to establish principles by which wetland resources can be optimally used now and in the future; to end practices that reduce wetland productivity; to maintain the biological diversity of natural and semi natural wetlands; to maintain wetland functions and values; and to integrate wetland concerns into planning and decision making of other sectors. The policy on wildlife provides for the management of wildlife resources for ecological, economic, aesthetic, research, scientific and educational benefits. The policY has direct relevance to the protection, control of access and sharing of benefits from wildlife management. The National Forestry Policy aims at achieving the sustainable management of forests, woodlands and trees in Uganda, in order to provide ecological and social services, produce economic goods for current and future generations; while at the same time contributing to the well-being of both national and global communities. 6 The National Water Policy aims at managing and developing the water resources endowment in an integrated and sustainable manner, so as to secure and provide water of adequate quantity and quality for all social and economic needs with the full participation of all stakeholders. The Tourism Policy provides a mechanism for sustainable use of natural and cultural resources for tourism development. The policy is aimed at poverty alleviation, encouraging public participation in tourism development and promoting benefit sharing with communities. The Decentralisation Policy provided the basis for the development of the Local Governments Act Cap 243 and administrative mechanisms for the devolution of power from the Central Government to local governments; encouraging local community participation in decision making, achieving good governance; and taking political and administrative control over services to the point where they are actually delivered. The relevant aspects of the National Gender Policy (1997) aim to strengthen the roads sub-sector contribution to poverty eradication through providing an enabling environment where women and men participate in and benefit from developments in the roads sub sector in an equitable manner. The other aspect of equity has to do with persons with disability. The road sector guidelines specifically require the design and implementation of road projects to take care of disability conditions by ensuring wide pavements, clear road signs and raised zebra crossings to enable easy and safe movement of people with disabilities. A national policy on HIV/AIDS and the world of work was adopted in July 2007. The policy emphasizes health education and preventive measures against the spread of HIV/AIDS at the workplace. It also promotes equal treatment, non-discrimination and access to treatment and counselling services for persons living with HIV/AIDS at the workplace. The National Land Policy advocates changing the focus of land management from property rights per se to sustainable utilisation of land (including focusing on its economic value) for poverty alleviation. The policy also emphasizes the importance of water and soil conservation and the use of land in accordance with all relevant laws and policies in the country. A Government of Uganda (GoU) Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) policy framework highlights the need to pay adequate and appropriate compensation when steps to reduce impacts on people are not possible or are insufficient. Compensation provisions are supposed to provide enough resources for the affected individuals to purchase replacement properties. While the modalities of paying compensation may be addressed by the EIA team, the developer should take responsibility for the compensation process. 7 4.3 Donor Policies (WB OPI BP 4.01 on Environmental Assessment) The World Bank OPIBP requires the conduct of environmental assessments of projects proposed for bank financing. The purpose of the Environmental Assessment· (EA) safeguard is to improve decision making and to ensure that the projects under consideration are environmentally sound and sustainable. The Bank safeguards emphasize proper public consultation and disclosure to both beneficiary and affected persons. Under the World Bank Environmental Assessment safeguard, Environmental Assessment (EA) is a process whose breadth, depth, and type of analysis depend on the nature, scale, and potential environmental impact of the proposed project. It takes into account the natural environment, human health and safety, social aspects, and trans-boundary and global environmental aspects. Natural and social aspects are considered in an integrated way. EA evaluates project's potential environmental risks and impacts in the area of influence, examines project alternatives; identifies alternatives, identifies ways of improving project selection, siting, planning, design and implementation by preventing, minimizing, mitigating, or compensating for adverse environmental impacts and enhancing of positive impacts; and includes the process of mitigating and managing adverse environmental impacts throughout the project implementation. The Bank favours preventive measures over mitigatory or compensatory measures whenever feasible. It is in this context that this Environmental and Social Impact Assessment has been conducted. Surveys and consultations with the public did not indicate possibilities for the project to impact on any physical cultural resources. The project area does not have gazetted sites of cultural, historic or archaeological importance. Besides, the proposed alignment of the road will follow, as much as possible, the current alignment to reduce on compensation but also on the physical impacts of the project. However, any chance cultural, historic or archaeological finds particularly at quarries and borrow pits will be handled according to the Ministry of Works, Housing and Communications General Specifications for Road and Bridge Works Section 1700, Clause 1711 on preservation of historical and archaeological data. The ESIS established that implementation of the project is unlikely not trigger off World Bank safeguard policies OP/BP 4.04 and OP/BP 4.36, among others. Relevant National Environmental Laws The National Constitution, 1995 8 The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda sets the platform within which issues of environmental management are expounded. The Constitution provides in its National Objectives and Directive Principles of State Policy for the protection of natural resources. The Constitution states that "the State shall protect important natural resources including land, water, wetlands, minerals, oil, fauna and flora on behalf of the people of Uganda". In paragraph 27 on the environment, the constitution provides for the principle of sustainable development, conservation of natural resources and protection of the biodiversity of Uganda. The National Environment Act Cap 153 The National Environment Act, Chapter 153 of the Laws of Uganda provides for the sustainable management of the environment. The law established the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), as an authority charged with coordinating, monitoring and supervising all matters on the environment in Uganda. The NEA specifically requires that EIA be conducted for all projects likely to have significant impacts on the environment including most road projects. The Act lists such projects in its Third Schedule. Other laws, regulations and guidelines have since been developed to strengthen the management of the EIA process in Uganda. They include the following: · Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment in Uganda, 1997; · Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 1998; · Reference Manual, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), 2002; and · The National Environment (Conduct and Certification of Environmental Practitioners) Regulations, 2003. The Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations 1998 describe the procedures to be followed in conducting EIA of projects and lists of projects to which the regulations apply. Road construction and upgrading works require EIA to be done. It is the responsibility of the project promoter or developer to ensure that an EIA is carried out in accordance with the law. The regulations also charge the developer with the responsibility of ensuring that the recommendations and mitigation measures outlined in EIA Statements a re properly and seriously followed and observed. The National Environment Act, Cap 153 is implemented through a number of subsidiary legislation induding the following relevant legislations: · The National Environment (Waste Management) Regulations, 1999 The National Environment (Waste Management) Regulations, 1999 apply to all categories of hazardous and non-hazardous waste and to the storage and disposal of hazardous waste and its movement into and out of Uganda. The regulations promote cleaner production methods and require a facility to minimise waste generation by eliminating use of toxic raw materials; reducing toxic emissions and wastes; and recovering and reuse of waste wherever possible. 9 · The National Environment (Audit) regulations, 2006, Require that facilities undertake voluntary and compulsory environmental audits of their premises to ensure that mitigation measures outlines in their EISs are being implemented. · The National Environment (Noise Standards and Control) Regulations, 2003. The National Environment (Noise Standards and Control) Regulations, 2003 Section 7 of these regulations requires that no person shall emit noise in excess of permissible noise levels, unless permitted by a license issued under these Regulations. Section 8 imparts responsibility onto the owner of a facility to use the best practicable means to ensure that noise do not exceed permissible noise levels. · The National Environment (Control of Smoking in Public Places) Regulations 2004. The regulations make it an offence to smoke in public and require managers of public places to designate and mark separate smoking areas. The Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2006 The Act requires employers to take as far as is reasonably practicable, all measures for the protection of workers and the general public from the dangerous aspects of the employer's undertaking at his or her own cost. The law also requires employers to ensure, as far as is reasonably practicable, that the working environment is kept free from any hazard due to pollution by employing technical measures, applied to new plant or processes in design or installation, or added to existing plant or processes ;or employing supplementary organisational measures. The Act further charges employees to also take due precaution not to endanger the safety of the premises of the workplace, or operations or the safety or health of themselves or other employee 10 4.4 Relevant Sectoral Laws . A number of sectoral laws are relevant to the proposed road project. The key sectoral laws relevant to the project include the following: · The Uganda National Roads Authority Act, 2006. The Uganda National Roads Authority Act, 2006 established the Uganda National Roads Authority as the authority responsible for managing the provision and maintenance of the national roads network in a more efficient and effective manner, and to render advisory services to Government on related matters. UNRA is mandated to ensure the safety of all road users and the environmental sustain ability of the national roads infrastructure. · The Water Act, Cap 152 The Water Act, Cap 152 provides for the use, protection and management of water resources and supply. The Act vets the right to investigate, protect and manage water in Uganda in Government, and particularly the Directorates of Water Development and Water Resources Management. Government is expected to carry out inventories of water resources and prepare, update and revise water action plans, revise, vary or cancel water abstraction and waste water discharge permits, in consultation with key stakeholders including NEMA. The construction of river crossings along the proposed road alignment will likely cause negative impacts in water system. Water abstraction for use during road construction will also require water abstraction permits form the relevant government authority. · The Land Act, Cap 227 The Land Act Cap 227 is the principal legislation on land tenure and ownership in Uganda. The law addresses land holding, management control and settlement of land disputes. The law specifically requires developers to seek to enter into mutual agreement with land owners and occupiers and to pay compensation before commissioning of their projects. The law creates a series of land administration institutions including the Uganda Land Commission (ULC), District Land Boards (DLBs), Parish Land Committees (PLCs) and Land Tribunals. Section 78 of the Act gives valuation principles for compensation and requires that compensation rates be approved by DLBs on a yearly basis. The law indicates four tenure systems for Uganda including Mailo, Freehold, Leasehold and Customary and provides that the value for customary land is the open market value. · The National Forestry and Tree Planting Act, 2003 The National Forestry and Tree Planting Act, 2003, provides for the management of Uganda's protected forest estate. Section 14 and 32 of the Act require all persons or institutions to obtain permits and go through legally established procedure before they can access or operate in forest reserves. Collection of fuelwood for domestic use is however, exempt of the above requirement as indicated in Section 33 of the Act. 11 · The Petroleum Act 2003 This is an Act to provide for the supervision and monitoring of the importation, export, transportation, processing, supply, storage, distribution and marketing of petroleum products in Uganda. The Act specifically takes care of the safety and protection of the public, public health and the environment from petroleum products. This is relevant as road projects store large quantities of those products for use during road construction, generation of used products and application of those products for road construction. · The Workers' Compensation Act, Cap 225 The Workers' Compensation Act, Cap 225; the Labour Disputes (Arbitration and Settlement) Act, 2006; the Labour Unions Act, 2006 and the Employment Act 2006 and Regulations 1977 set out the legal regime that regulates employment, industrial relations and workers' conditions in Uganda. The employment Act, 2006 specifically provides for a Labour Advisory Board that advises on matters affecting employment and industrial relations. The above legal regime covers matters such as contracts of service; employment of children; termination of contracts; weekly rest; maternity and paternity leave; illness of employees; sexual harassment; occupational diseases; first aid; dust and fumes; protective clothing and appliances; treatment of injuries and sickness; drugs and medical equipment; medical examination of employees and failure to provide for the sick. · The Traffic and Road Safety Act, Caps 360 and 361 The Traffic and Road Sa~ty Act, Caps 360 and 361 consolidate the law relating to traffic on all public roads. The two Acts prohibit en croachment on and damage to roads including land reserved for roads. They also provide for the regulation and management of traffic and the conduct of drivers. · The Roads Act, Cap 358 The Roads Act. Cap 358 provides for the declaration of road reserves and prohibits any persons from erecting buildings or planting trees or permanent crops within the reserve except with the written permission of the road authority. The Act also permits the road authority to dig and take away materials required for the construction and maintenance of roads from any part of the road reserve. · Historical Monuments Act 1967 The current legislation is the Historical Monuments Act 1967. The Act provides for the preservation and protection of historical monuments and objects of archaeological. paleontological, ethnographical and traditional intere~:t. The salient provisions relevant to road projects ( Section 10 (1) require that any person who discovers any object which may reasonably be considered to be of archeological, paleontological, ethnographical, historical and traditional interests to report such a matter to an inspector of monuments, the Chief Administrative officer ( CAO) or curator of the museum within fourteen days. Section 10(2) requires that any person who discovers any such object takes such measure as may be reasonable for its protection. Section 12 12 requires that any portable objects discovered in the course of excavation to be surrendered for deposit in the national museum 4.5 Relevant Institutions and Institutional Framework The National Environmental Management Authority (I\lEMA) is the principal agency responsible for the management of the environment in Uganda. NEMA coordinates monitors and supervises all activities in the field of environmental management. NEMA's mission is to promote and ensure sound environmental management practices for sustainable devebpment. NEMA's role includes reviewing and approving Environmental Impact Statements (EISs). The authority issued Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines in 1997 and Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations in 1998. NEMA reviews EIS reports in collaboration with relevant government agencies. The relevant agencies for the Gulu Atiak-Nimule Road project include the MoWT,UNRA, the Occupational Safety and Health Depar:tment and relevant Local governments in Gulu and Amuru districts. The institutional relationships for the proposed road project therefore involve the Ministry of Works and Transport through the Uganda National Roads Authority (UNRA) as the executor of the project, while NEMA, district authorities and other sectoral lead agencies will enforce and ensure compliance with key environmental requirements. The relevant sectoral agencies include among others, the Department of Occupational Safety and Health and the Directorate of Water Resources Management (WRM) and the National Forestry Authority (NFA). Regarding implementation of social activities and compensation of PAPs a compensation strategy will be developed in consultation with PAPs, area Local Governments, the Works Technical Committee, the Community Development Office and the office of the Chief Government Valuer, UNRA and other relevant authorities. A procedure for property assessments and valuations will be established as elaborated in the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) (Compensation Strategy, Implementation of Resettlement/Compensation Plan). For purposes of elaboration on the Environmental and Social Manqgement Plan contained in the ESIS, the approval condition of NEMA and the requirements of the General Specifications for Roads and Bridge Works, UNRA requires the Contractors to prepare a standalone ESMP to guide on implementation of environmental and social management activities during construction works. The ESMP will elaborate the capacity and logistical needs of the monitoring team including the District Environment Officer. 13 5 BASELINE SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS OF PROJECT AREA This chapter highlights the key aspects and baseline conditions in the project area basing on secondary data and limited field analysis. The chapter specifically highlights the current social and environmental conditions, challenges and issues in the project area and sets a basis for the analysis of the potential positive and negative impacts of the proposed project. 5.1 Socio-Economic Baseline The project area of influence is defined by the administrative boundaries of Gulu and Amuru districts in Northern Uganda. The project area is located between latitudes 20° 15' Nand 30° 35'N and longitudes 31 ° 20' and 32° 20' E with the longer part of the road (spanning nearly 100 km) going through Amuru District. 5.1.1 Population Growth and Density The population in the project area is largely rural, with a few small trading centres along the road. The population is also dominantly young with more than fifty percent of the people in the under fifteen age bracket. Most of the people were therefore borne and have lived in lOP camps along the proposed road: The female to male ratio was found to be 50:50 for all age categories. Population in the project are is also unevenly distributed. The areas with the highest population densities are Gulu Municiaplity and Amuru Town Council and the surrounding sub-counties of Bungatira, Ongako, Koro and Bobi in Gulu District. Generally, most of the other sub-counties are sparsely populated more especially those along the border with Kitgum District. The main causes of sparse and uneven population distribution include uneven distribution of natural resources such as soil fertility and water; local climatic variations; availability of social services and infrastructure; insecurity and wildife conrervation. Uneven distribution of population in the project area puts enormous pressure on some areas in the two districts while others remain generally under-utilised. Where population density is high and above carrying capacity, there is a tendency to deplete resources through over-exploitation. 5.1.2 Life Expectancy Life expectancy at birth in most of the project area is relatively low. The insurgency which plagued the area between 1987 and 2008 made health conditions very unsatisfactory. Hence maternal and child mortality rates in the area are the highestin the country. The key causes of mortality include poor living conditions and abject poverty, a 14 high disease burden with tuberculosis, intestinal and guinea worms being key diseases, poor health service delivery, malnutrition and the armed insurgency. 5.1.3 Household Income and Economic Activities The economy in the project area is mainly agricultural. Heads of families engage in agricultural production as the mainstay of their families. Crops fetch the bulk of household income with simsim, cassava, ground nuts, rice and tobacco being the main agricultural crops in the area. Before the insurgency, livestock used to be one of the major sources of income for both households and the local governments in the area. Today, most of the cattle have been rustled. Most households therefore depend on chicken for livestock production. The main off-farm economic activities in the area include petty trading with men using their bicycles to transport merchandise between markets. The male youth also engage in hired transport on bicycles and motor cycles, a business locally referred to as "Boda Boda' transport. Charcoal production is now a very wide spread economic activity along the project corridor. This is because the area has quite a wide expanse of land covered by wood lands. The other reason is that charcoal production is a quick source of income in view of the limited livelihood alternatives in the project area. Charcoal production has been threat to the savanna woodland ecosystem and will remain a threat in the short to medium terms. 15 Figure 3: Charcoal Loads/Bags being sold by the road side in the proposed project area Tourism is another potential off-farm economic activity, but tourists were previously discouraged by insecurity in the area. This sector is therefore under-developed. A few isolated trans-boundary tourists who like adventure have however, been sighted traveling through the area on their way to the Sudan border. When the road is constructed, a few more tourists may just travel up north as a matter of curiosity (to see this part of the country which has been cut off from the rest of the country for over 20 years). This curiosity may, however, be short-lived since there is no developed infrastructure for the promotion of tourism in the area. Some efforts to develop history and culture based tourism are in place, as indicated by the District Environment Office, Gulu. Very little progress in this area has however, been achieved. Tourism, and many of the other economic activities in the project area will however, be positively affected by the road project. 16 Figure 4: Illustration of Women Market 17 5.1.4 Land Ownership and Tenure Arrangemenis Most of the land in the project area is communally owned and governed under a customary land tenure system. Under this tenure arrangement, land ownership is vested in the lineage and is allocated by a father to his sons, who in turn, assign it to their wives and children for cultivation. While in theory, it sounds as if no single individual or household owns land in this area, in practice land ownership is actually vested in the users of the land. It is also them who have the responsibility to rent or sell out portions of such land in cases of need; though this has to be done after express permission and consent of the wider clan has been sought and obtained. As indicated already, land acquisition under the above tenure arrangement is through inheritance. This being a patrilineal society, the privileged to inherit land is restricted to sons and hence the male counterparts in the area. Women therefore tend to be excluded from owning land, although they are allowed unlimited use rights. Those who want to have private ownership of land can also apply for leaseholds from the state. However, before the state can grant private leases to any individuals, it has to ascertain that there is no customary claim over the land in question. Usually it has to consu~ with the elders, neighbours and all opinion leaders in such an area. 18 5.2 Biophysical Environment 5.2.1 Topography The project impact area consists mostly of gently sloping terrain between Gulu and Awer wetland area in Lamogi Sub-county. From Awer and beyond Atiak Township, the proposed project area may be described as a flat plain, which gently tilts to Bibia Border post, and then slopes a little more steeply towards Unyama valley and wetland system towards Nimule. 5.2.2 Geology Geologicaly, the main rock formations in this area are of the Pre-Cambrian era comprising quartzites, phyllites and undifferentiated acidic gneisses with some intermediate gneisses. The main soil types within the project area are vertisols, lithosols, alluvials, ferruginous and ferralitic soils. 5.2.3 Climate The two districts experience two rainy seasons from March to May and September to November and two dry seasons occurring from December to February and from June to August. The average annual rainfall ranges from 1200 to 1300 mm. The average minimum and maximum annual temperatures are approximately 21°C and 30°C respectively. 5.2.4 Hydrology The road corridor passes through an area with very little surface water. However, at the beginning of Layibi bypass, there is a small area of Layibi wetlands with a stream flowing through it. There are small streams called Ladul and Oyitino located between Lacor Hospital and lVIother Angelitta Primary School. As one moves away from Gulu, there is Awer stream in Lamogi Sub-county. Awer valley consists of a wetland which is permanent. Between Bibia Trading Centre and Unyama wetland and its drainage system, there is Elego seasonal wetland. 5.2.5 Soil erosion There is not much evidence of soil erosion in the project area because of the mostly flat terrain. To drain off storm water from depressions across the road, up to 40 culverts were found to have been constructed across the road corridor. 5.2.6 Vegetation and Forests Along the road corridor, the vegetation consists of both indigenous and planted tree species. A number of trees line up the road between Gulu Municipality and Lacor Hospital. They include patches of fully grown Mvule (Milicia exce/sa), Mahogany (Khaya grandifolia, Khaya senegalensis) , Eucalyptus sp, Grevillea robusta, Markhamia lutea, 19 Senna spectabilis, Jacaranda sp, Tonna ciliata, Mangoes (Mangifera indica), Sapium elypticum, Senna seamea and pines. There were several patches of woodlots consisting mainly of Eucalyptus sp, Senna siamea , Pines, and Tectonia grandis along the road. Outside the high population centres, various indigenous tree species were found randomly spaced along the road corridor. These included Albizia coria ria, Albizia grandibradeata, Azedarachta Spp; Ficus exasperata, Kigelia africana, Vitax doniana, Ficus mucoso, F. natalensis, F. sur, Combretum molli, Entandophragma sp, Tamarindus indica, Erythina abyssinica, Acacia spp, Butyrospennum paradoxum and Syzygium sp. Keyo Central Forest Reserve was the only conservation area found along the road corridor. Apart from the largely degraded indigenous tree species, part of the central forest reserve (CFR) is now being planted with Pinus spp and Tectonia grandis. Figure 6: Keyo Central Forest Reserve Pine Plantation and Grassland (Panicum maximum) The remaining bulk of natural vegetation consists mainly of Acacia- Combretum- and Butyrospermum-wooded grasslands with dotted trees including Balanites aegyptiaca, Grewia trichocarpa, Grewia mollis, Pi/iostigma thoningi, Tenninalia spp, Acacia giarrdia, Acacia hockii, Acacia sieberiana, African fan palm (Borassus aethiopum, Polyscias fulva, Bridelia scleroneura, and Annona senegalensis, .. The most dominant grass species along the route are Imperata cylindrica, Hyparrhenia filipendula, Hyparrhenia dissoluta, Hyparrhenia rufa. Other less common grass species include Brachiaria brizantha, Panicum maximum, Cynodon dactylon Sporobolus pyramidalis, Pennisetum purpureum. Setaria sphacelata, Afromomum angustifolium 20 Figure 7: Open grassland scrub 5.2.7 Plant Species of important Commercial Value The assessment identified the following tree species to be of high timber value: Mvule (Milicia exce/sa); Mahoganies (Khaya grandifolia, Khaya senegalemis) , Eucalyptus sp; Entandophragna sp; Grevillea robusta; Jacaranda sp; Tonna ciliata; Sapium elypticum; Pinus patula; Polyscias fulva. The following tree species were identified to be important sources of poles: Markhamia lutea; Senna spectabilis; Senna siamea; Eucalyptus sp and Pinus patula; while the following trees provide important sources of food and fodder: Mangoes (Mangifera indica), African fan palm (Borassus aethiopum); Tamarindus indica; Balanites aegyptiaca; Annona senegaJensis; Vitellaria paradoxum; Syzygium sp.; Grewia trichocarpa; Grewia mollis and Carissa edulis. The assessment also identified a number of trees for charcoal and firewood. They include the following: Vitellaria paradoxum; Piliostigma thoningii; Tenninalia sp; Acacia giarrdia; Acacia hockii; Acacia sieberiana; Combretum molli; Grewia trichocarpa; and Grewia mollis. The trees can be found in Gulu Municipality and in several streches along . the existing road alignment. 21 Figure 8: Large Useful Trees on the Road Side 5.2.8 Wildlife (Fauna) The following animals were reported to inhabit the project impact area albeit in small numbers: warthogs, gazelles, bushbucks, kobs, duikers, grass cutters, mongoose, squirrels, and a variety of snake species. Birds known to commonly occur in the area include doves, kites, guinea fowls, partridges and owls. Those animals are not in any reserve as none exists along the road. 5.2.9 Agriculture Agricultural activities have not been widespread because most people in the road corridor have been confined in camps and dependent mostly on relief food .. However, in the last two years, more people have started growing food crops which are being sold to raise some money. The food crops commonly grown are rice, sorghum, maize, millet, beans, sesame, cassava,. sweet potatoes, pigeon peas, papaws, cow peas and vegetables. Most of the farming has so far been on small gardens because of the conditions under which most people have been living in. The area has limited cattle and other livestock rearing between Bibia and NiTlule. 5.2.10 Utilities Water supply stand pipes were seen in places where lOP camps are located. This important infrastructure will need to be moved before road construction commences. 22 Figure 9: Water Utility Infrastructure on the Roadside Some toilets were also observed along the sides of the existing road. Some of them were within the road reserve and will be relocated during construction. 23 Figure 10: Typical Toilet Structure in the lOP 24 6 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE ROAD CONSTRUCTION 6.1 Positive impacts The flow of heavy trucks along this road is quite significant and generating a lot of dust. Upgrading of this road to a paved all-weather bitumen standard will significantly reduce the volume of dust generated by the increasing traffic and improve visibility along the road. This will therefore make the road safer for all road users. Improved road conditions also mean increased traffic speed and volume thus cutting down on time lost in travel. The existing road provides a very important link between Uganda and Southern Sudan where the volume of trade is steadily increasing. The road is also an important link to Adjumani, Moyo, Yumbe and Koboko along the eastern part of the Nile River. Economic activities will therefore increase in this region in particular and Uganda at large after completion of the road construction. The drainage system of the road corridor will also considerably improve. The project will offer an opportunity for women to work on the road project and in the process be able to earn some independent income to supplement their family incomes. Apart from direct employment on road works, women will have the opportunly to engage in business with the influx of workers to their area. 6.2 Negative Socio Economic Impacts Whereas the road is meant to bring about socio-economic development of the area by improving market access and transport links, the road construction process will have a number of negative socio-economic impacts. The RAP identified a number of project affected persons and the necessary valuations are being undertaken. The idea is that appropriate compensation measures are implemented before road works commence. The key affected persons and institutions are indicated in the RAP report which has been submitted under separate cover. Briefly however, they include private home owners, owners of business premises, schools, traders in markets, church institutions, Lacor Hospital and seminary etc. Road construction will also disrupt local community amenities like health centres, play grounds and public toilets. Discussions and consultations with the project affected persons and institutions were undertaken to ensure that the negative effects of road construction are minimized and appropriately mitigated. Evidence of the consultations is included by way of attendance lists and photographs (See Appendix 3). The consultations raised a number of concerns which are summarized belOVv': i. the need for the project to provide commensurate and timely compensation to PAPs/institutions; ii. the need for appropriate compensation for materials taken/extracted from borrow pits/quarries; 25 iii. the need to control traffic speed and accidents during and after construction of the road; iv. prioritisation of local people during recruitments (particularly for unskilled categories) v. the need for the project to minimise pollution including dust, vehicle fumes and noise; vi. concerns of maintaining access to homesteads in areas of deep cut and fill; 6.3 Negative Biophysical Impacts The negative bio-physical impacts of the road project are presented and discussed by project activity and location (onsite or off-site). The purpose of this format is to ensure that mitigation measures are properly targeted in terms of project phase, activity type and location ci the impact. 6.3.1 Bush Clearing and Earthworks The negative environmental impacts associated with this phase include loss of valuable vegetation cover including trees, forage and useful wetland plants. Loss of vegetation cover has a number of negative economic implications including lost carbon sequestration potential, timber and pole values and various local livelihood resources like fuel wood, construction and handicraft materials. Cut-to-Spoil materials will be generated and their mismanagement can result into soil erosion and possible disposal in sensitive areas. Soil erosion will also be exacerbated because of increased loose materials and exposed soil surface in the working site. Storm water will inevitably carry sediments into stream valleys and wetlands leading to sedimentation. The creation of borrow pits is another anticipated negative environmental impact of the project. Borrow pits are unsightly and provide breeding grounds for mosquitoes. They are also dangerous and a common cause of accidents including drowning. Borrow pits may however, be good sources of water for livestock if well managed. On the other hand, because of the anticipated increase in traffic, a lot of dust will be generated during the dry seasons, thus impairing visibility on the road. This could increase incidences of road accidents. Dust will also spoil private properties along the corridor. There will also be road deviations to sites of borrow pits and stone quarries leading to disturbance of the environment through bush clearing, dust and noise generation and soil erosion. This will cause serious environmental problems since the project TORs proposed the establishment of borrow pits at 2-5 km intervals. On average, this means more than 30 borrow pits will be established along the entire 104 km road corridor. 26 6.3.2 Visual Dis Amenity The project area has a number of old borrow pits which were used for the routine maintenance of the current murrum road. The excavation of more borrow pits will increase the visual impact of these unsightly features if they are not restored. As already mentioned above, borrow pits also provide breeding grounds for mosquitoes and are common causes of accidents. The other aspect of visual impact will relate to stone quarries especially if they are located near the road. 6.3.3 Construction Traffic and Heavy Machinery The construction phase of the road will involve deployment of many large transport and heavy vehicular equipment. This will be an additional burden on traffic flow along the road and will therefore inconvenience many road users. Transport of goods and services will temporarily be slowed down during the construction phase. Air, noise, and oil pollution will without doubt occur during the construction phase of the project. Construction vehides will increase the levels of the above pollutants especially in the localized working areas through dust and gaseous emissions, running of engines, spills and discharges from vehicle maintenance and cleaning. This is likely to impact negatively on the health of workers as well as the communities in the project area. Workers and adjacent communities will also be exposed to occupational accidents, injuries and diseases whose causes range from physical, chemical to ergonomic risk factors. The magnitude and significance of hazards and risks due to road works will however be influenced by the type of road and nature as well as the purpose of the planned activities. 6.3.4 Occupational Exposure to Accidents and Workplace Hazards Road workers will be exposed to continuous noise and vibrations, heat strokes from prolonged stay in direct sunlight and burns due to contact with hot items such as heated bitumen or burners. They will also be exposed to fumes, chemicals and dust including solvents, paints, exhaust gases and possible carcinogens such as bitumen. They will also be exposed to ergonomic risks associated with poor working postures, heavy lifting and repetitive work with the hand or arm. 6.3.5 Workers Camp and Staff Accommodation This entails building facilities for offices and workshops for general maintenance of construction vehides and other equipment. This will require land-take covering a large area. There is often attendant oil spillage as engine oils are renewed causing environmental pollution in the camp and its environs. Further, storage of fuels and fuel dispensing coupled with their use in equipment such as generators can be a source of spillages and environmental contamination. Vehicle washing in water bodies and on land can be a source of contamination to water and on land. 27 There will also be a lot of solid waste generation during road construction. The solid wastes may come as a result of packaging materials, foods, waste paper from offices, and debris from construction site, excess construction materials, and broken parts of machineries, water bottles which could constitute litter at workers camp site or work at various sites of the project. Influx of workers to the project area may impose an additional demand on resources such as water, fuel wood, and charcoal. It also increases susceptibility to HIV/AIOS and other sexually transmitted diseases. Transport sector workers are twice as likely to acquire HIV/AIOS as workers in low risk occupations. Offices, restaurants and Toilets are public places and should therefore, comply with the requirements of the National Environment (Control of Smoking in Public places) regulations 2004. Under the Regulations "NO Smoking Signs" should be posted in conspicuous positions in these facilities. . 6.3.6 Stone quarries, Off-Site Borrow Pits and Other Sources of Construction Materials Construction materials include stones, gravels, lime, cement and sand. Stones, gravels and sand are often obtained in close proximity of the road corridor. Stone quarries are associated with negative impacts including noise, vibrations/tremors, flying stones and dust. In this project, it is proposed to obtain gravel at a distance of 2-5 km interval. This will translate into about 30 borrow pits which may result in widespread environmental degradation. There are already 11 active and 14 abandoned borrow pits along the road corridor according to a recent survey of the road. The abandoned borrow pits have not been restored or rehabilitated. 6.3.7 Lost Carbon Sequestration Potential Trees, shrubs and other wetland plants sequester and lock up carbon dioxide and other green house gases. This reduces on the amount of green house gases being emitted into the atmosphere. The planned earthworks and removal of vegetation will release considerable amounts of green house gases into the atmosphere. Particularly, earthworks across wetlands will release methane and sulphur dioxide which is normally associated with inundated wetland conditions. The clearance of trees and other wetland vegetation will therefore, reduce on the overall carbon sequestration capacity of the project area, in addition to directly contributing to its green house gas emission potential. 6.3.8 Utilities Particularly Water Supply Systems A number of public utilities including public water stand pipes will be displaced during road construction. The stand pipes serve water stressed and high population dens~y areas including lOP camps. Lack of safe reliable water supplies can be a big problem in such situations. 28 6.3.9 Post Construction Road Traffic The proposed road traverses an area of original wooded savanna grasslands. Many mature hard wood trees such as Piliostigma thoningii, Terminalia sp, Acacia giarrdia, Acacia hockii, Acacia sieberiana, Entandophragma sp, Combretum moll;' Grewia trichocarpa, Grewia mollis, Balanites aegyptiaca. and Butyrospermum paradoxum are good for production of charcoal. With the improvement of the road conditions and restoration of peace, there will be tremendous temptation to over-exploit the abundant natural resources in the area. This could result in overexploitation of tree resources resulting in their depletion and ultimately the degradation of the environment. Improved road conditions will also mean increased traffic speed and volume thus raising the levels of road accidents. Furthermore, improved road conditions will also promote the transportation of fuel wood and charcoal from the area to population centres thus leading to degradation of the environment. 29 7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MITIGATION The mitigation measures are also presented and discussed by project activity and location (onsite or off-site). The purpose of this format as already indicated, is to ensure that mitigation measures are properly targeted in terms of project phase, activity type and location cf the impact. During project execution the contractor shall prepare an Environmental Mitigation Action Plan that will address issues outlined in this report. The contractor will submit the action plan to the Resident Engineer to form basis for continuous monitoring. The contractor is expected to be self monitoring and to keep records on each of the activities outlined below. 7.1 Mitigation of Negative Socio-Economic Impacts There will be need to mitigate the negative socio-economic impacts of road construction and use As already indicated in Section 5, many private premises, roadside markets, religious institutions, and public utilities will be affected by the road works. A RAP has been undertaken with the aim of identifying, valuing and arranging appropriate compensation of the affected persons and institutions. It is anticipated that the RAP will take into account and recommend adequate and timely compensation of all affected persons in line with national and international guidelines. The RAP will also recommend measures to restore lost economic opportunities, services and livelihoods including injurious affection through lost business opportunities like for boda boda stage operators and petrol stations. Any chance finds of physical cultural resources particularly at quarries and borrow pits will be handled according to the Ministry of Works, Housing and Communications General Specifications for Road and Bridge Works Section 1700, Clause 1711 on preservation of historical and archaeological data and in consultation with the Department of Museums and Monuments, local I'JGOs, and cultural leaders in the project area. 7.2 Mitigation of Negative Bio-Physicallmpacts 7.2.1 Bush Clearing and Earth Works The following mitigation measures will be applied to reduce the negative impacts of this phase of the road project. · Top soil removed during road clearance and widening, creation of borrow pits and quarries will be stored at designated nearby locations for later use in restoration of degraded sites. · Temporary drainage channels will be constructed during the construction phase to minimize blockage of water flow. 30 · Adequate and long-term drainage channels will be constructed in the entire project area to prevent erosion and sedimentation of river/stream valleys, wetlands and prolong the live span of the road. · To minimize the negative impact of creating so many borrow pits in the road corridor, it is suggested that the intervals for borrow pits should not be less than 5 km. This will reduce the number of borrow pits from 30 to about 20 thus lowering their negative environmental impact. · Borrow pits will not be established near places of high population denstty such as lOP camps or trading centres · The road design has taken into consideration the preservation of mature trees along the road as far as practicable especially in Gulu Town and other trading centers like Atiak. In other areas great care will be taken to protect mature trees in the road corridor during construction. The contractor will provide methods for protection of trees or shrubs which will be exposed to injuries from construction equipment and operations. The road contractor will be expected to ensure that trees are neither felled or damaged. Removal of trees or shrubs will be permitted with prior approval by the Resident Engineer. · Where mature trees have to be felled, replacement tree planting will have to be done particularly as boundary marks between private land and the road reserve. Other trees may be planted in urban centres, in schools compounds and in other public premises like dispensaries, health centres and local government administrative facilities. Trees such as Terminalia spp, Milicia excelsa, Mangifera indica and Senna spp should be planted to mark the road reserve and to beautify the road corridor. Ornamental shrubs may also be planted to add some aesthetic touch to the newly constructed road. 7.2.2 Visual Dis Amenity All unsightly quarries and borrow pits will be repaired and rehabilitated on completion of the road project. The repair and rehabilitation activities will include spreading of top soil on the borrow pits and quarries, and planting of fast growing trees and grasses. The contractors will ensure that the few borrow pits that will be needed for routine maintenance of the road, will be off the road to eliminate visual impacts on the road users. 7.2.3 Construction Traffic and Heavy Machinery It is important to take note of various issues regarding safe and easy passage of public traffic and worker safety during the construction and maintenance phases of the road project. The following mitigation measures will apply with respect to road safety and the safe use of road construction and heavy earth moving equipment: 31 (i) The contractor will work very closely with the police in the vicinity of the project and the supervising engineer on all matters of road safety; (ii) The contractor will post appropriate signs at appropriate locations on the road, that should help road users to take right decisions and actions; (iii) The signs will be approved by the road engineer; (iv) Regular sprinkling of water on the road especially during hot dry days will be done to minimize dust and maintain visibility during the construction phase of the project. (v) Workers will be provided with appropriate reflective and protective gear during working hours so that they are easily visible to traffic. Protective gear will minimize the toxic effects of vehicular fumes, fumes from hot tar and dust generated by construction work. (vi) The contractor will have and display emergency contacts (police and ambulances) at appropriate places for purposes of handling emergencies; (vii) The contractor will also put in place temporary speed control devices such as humps etc backed by appropriately placed signs on the road; (viii) Flagmen/women will be deployed to direct and regulate traffic flow during construction phase. (ix) With regard to noise pollution, the Contractor will ensure that construction vehicles are regularly serviced and do not \NOrk at night. (x) Construction material heaps (murram and aggregate) should be enclosed in some barrier with reflectory colours to alert road users especially at night; (xi) Where a diversion is planned, the contractor will ensure that the route is free of stumps, logs or termite mounds and away from marshy or soggy areas where vehicle traction would be a problem; (xii) The workers will be appropriately briefed on the dos and don'ts while working on the road. Some code of conduct including penalties will be spelt out to workers at the beginning of the project; (xiii) The contractor will also ensure that all road equipment is properly managed to ensure the safety of road users. 7.2.4 Occupational Exposure to Accidents and other Workplace Hazards The contractor will put in place a clear health and safety system addressing the following: (i) Occupational safety skills of workers through appropriate training; (ii) Indicative plans for occupational safety and health; (iii) Compensation schemes for victims; (iv) Access to protective gear, emergency health facilities and first aid; (v) Strict adherence to safety rules at the work place; (vi) Availability of specialized manpower and staff to implement the health and safety system for the road project. 7.2.5 Workers Camp and Staff Accommodation The following mitigation measures will address the health and safety concerns at the workers camp and staff accommodation: 32 (i) First aid facilities will be provided in all working sites of the project. HIV/AIDS awareness campaigns will also be conducted in the camp as well as in the communities in the project area. Oi) Adequate sanitation system and water supplies will be provided in the workman's camp. Cleanliness and adequate sanitary facilities will be provided and maintained. (iii) Solid waste generated during project implementation will be properly disposed off. Preferably a sorting system will be established to ensure that waste can be sorted by category (biodegradable, glass, plastics and metals) for possible resource reclamation and recycling. (iv) Oil pollution resulting from spills will be minimized by ensuring that properly designed and surfaced working areas are constructed for purposes of maintenance and that the used oils collected and stored in facilities well designed for such storage and that licenses for storage of the oils will be obtained from NEMA. It should be ensured that the used oils are transported by licensed to transporters to licensed disposal facilities in line with the National Environment (Waste Management) regulations 1999. (v) Vehicles will not be washed in any water bodies or on land and that well designed car washing bays will be constructed and provided with anti pollution equipment in line with the National Environment (Standards for Discharge off effluent into water all on land) Regulations 1999. (vi) Storage facilities for fuels and dispensing will b well designed and surfaced not to allow spillages into the environment but rather spillages will be channeled into an oil interceptor and that good housing keeping will be employed to ensure that spillages from equipment do not end up into the environment. (vii) All solid debris from workers' camp sites at the time of decommissioning will be removed and sites leveled, covered with top soil and replanted with fast growing indigenous grass species. However, with the understanding of the local authorities and the goodwill of the contractor, worker's camp could be left in place for use to be agreed by the local authorities. With the understanding of the local authorities such as District Engineers, District Environment Officers, District Forest Officers, some borrow pits may be left for extraction of gravel for routine road maintenance. (viii) Awareness campaigns on HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases will be conducted among workers and host communities; (ix) Clinics for HIV testing and counseling will be established in the project area and protected sex gear provided; (x) In undertaking HIV/AIDS control activities, the contractor will ensure the participation of workers and host communities through establishment of workplace committees and engagement of the services of persons living with HIV/AIDS, within the communities and the local leaders. The following measures will apply with respect to land take issues associated with earth works and the construction of the workers' camp and staff accommodation: (i) Land owners will be compensated for any land take for the purpose of establishing camps and staff accommodation. Compensation will also apply in the case of land take for borrow pits, road diversions and road widening; 33 (ii) After completion of the construction work, all exposed sites, especially workers' camp sites, borrow pits, road diversions, stone quarries, storage sites for materials and equipment and roadsides will be fully restored to their original states; (iii) All rehabilitated private or public lands used for establishments of camps, borrow pits, stone quarries, storage sites for construction materials and machineries or road diversions will be retumed to the owners after completion of the project. 7.2.6 Stone quarries, off-Site Borrow Pits and Other Sources of Construction Materials The following mitigation measures will apply to Stone quarries, off-site borrow pits and other sources of construction materials: (i) Stand alone EIAs will be undertaken for quarries and approval obtained from NEMA. Further, it will be ensured that Extraction of stones from stone quarries will follow a proper quarry mining plan to guard against the impact resulting from deep pits and that the quarries will be shaped not to present aesthetic problems by the time of decommissioning. (ii) Project Briefs will be prepared for burrow pits and approvals obtained from NEMA. In principle, the Borrow pits for gravel, and road diversions will be reshaped, filled with top soil and replanted with fast-growing indigenous grass species to restore the degraded sites. Priority will be given to disposal of cut to- spoil materials to burrow pits for purposes of restoration and avoidance of problems associated with disposal of cut-to-spoil material. This will be done as soon as these facilities have ceased to be operational and as the construction work continues to other areas. Steep road embankments will be landscaped, covered with top soil and replanted with fast growing grass to minimize soil erosion. (iii) Land owners will be compensated for any land take for borrow pits and road diversions. 7.2.7 Lost Carbon Sequestration Potential Great care will be taken to prevent or minimise the cutting of large trees in the road corridor. Unavoidable carbon impacts associated with the necessary clearance of trees and other wetland vegetation will however, be off-set by planting trees to mark the road reserve. Additional tree planting will be done at schools and other public facilities across the project area. The fine details and institutional issues related to this mitigation activity will be elaborated in the contractor's mitigation action plan. 34 7.2.8 Public utilities Particularly Water Supply Systems Public utilities including water stand pipes and related infrastructure will have to be moved and properly installed in appropriate places before road construction commences. This exercise should ensure minimum disruption to the local water supply system since the area is water stressed. Delays could also force local communities to revert to unsafe sources of water, posing a risk of outbreaks of water borne diseases. Funds must be budgeted for relocation of the toilets and water facilities during road construction. 7.2.9 Road Safety To ensure road safety, the Contractor will carry out the following: · Brief the workers on the dos and don'ts while working on the road. Some code of . conduct including penalties should be spelt out to the workers at the start of the project; · Road workers will be provided with appropriate wear i.e. jackets with reflectory colours while on the road so that they are eaSily visible to the traffic; · Provide speed limit signs and rumble strips & humps backed by appropriately placed signs at particular locations on the road; · Construction materials (especially murram) deposited on the road should be enclosed in some barrier with reflectory colours to help road users especially in the night hours. · Properly manage construction equipment for the safety of the road users through/across road sections where the works are on-going; · Put in place measures to ensure that, traffic across sections where works is on going is managed well and safely. This may in some cases involve employing flag persons. · Access roads for haulage trucks, used during road construction, should not be located near schools, hospitals and residential areas. Furthermore, the following design considerations have been made: · Wide shoulders for pedestrians, cyclists and other slow traffic in towns and villages · Provision of bus bays in towns and villages · Road side vegetation should be kept down (by slashing or mowing and not by herbicides) · Provide warning to shop owners and other commercial businesses close to the road (especially around towns at least two weeks before use of heavy equipment near their Jl"emises. 35 · Install appropriate reflectory signs at road diversions. Information campaigns on road safety, directed to local population and road users especially school children and their parents and local car owners emphasising the safety. environmental benefits from proper car maintenance will also have to be carried out. 36 8 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS OF THE ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND MITIGATION MEASURES This section of the EIA report gives a tabulated summary of the potential impacts of the proposed project, their magnitude, mitigation measures and implementing agencies. Table 1: Summary of impacts, types, magnitude, mitigation measures, when and implementing agencies. Implementing Impact Type Effect Magnitude Mitigation When Agency Land take for the p Direct - -Minimize by following - During the RE and road right of way existing road alignment design plan Contractor (RoW) -Shape steep slope to - After reduce gradient & completion of erosion. the Adequately construction compensate property owners Chance finds of During RE, archeological/paleontol construction Contractor ogical significance will and National be handled with care Museums and delivered to the National Museums of Uganda Establishment of R Direct - . Compensation of land After RE and borrow owners completion of Contractor pits/quarries/road construction diversions/workers work camps/storage sites for materials Borrow R Direct - -Reinstatement and Before RE and pits/q uarries/road and return to land completion of Contractor diversions/storage owners the project sites Removal of P Direct -- -Stick to the current During RE and Vegetation road alignment construction Contractor especially in Gulu -Replant trees & phase Municipality & Atiak shrubs on roadsides Township Dumping of top T Direct -- -Store in road reserve During RE and soils/spoils safely for restoration of construction Contractor degraded surfaces phase Soil Erosion ST Direct -- - Clear only within road - During REand reserve where construction Contractor necessary phase -Construct temporary - After drainage channels completion of . - Replant eroded sites the road construction 37 -Sanitation system T Direct - -Construct sanitation - Should be RE and system for workers in planned Contractor the camp sites before construction of camp begins Domestic fuel/Oil T Indirect - -Use of energy saving -Prior to and REand and vehicle/fossil technology during Contractor fuel T -- - Bunded storage, construction T - surfacing of dispensing areas and construction of oils interceptors. -Education and awareness Oil wastes/spillages ST Direct - -collect in drums, store During RE and and discharges. in facility licensed by construction Contractor, NEMAand use phase NEMA ,DEO licensed transporter to dispose in licensed disposal facility. -supply used oil to wood treatment plants -Clean up any oil spills -Stop washing vehicles in water bodies construct washing bays and equip them with anti-pollution equipment Road safety T Direct -- · Briefed the workers on -During RE and the dos and don'ts construction Contractor while working on the phase road. Some code of conduct including penalties should be spelt to the workers at the start of the project; Road workers be provided with appropriate wear Le. jackets with refiectory colours while on the road so that they are easily visible to traffic; Provide speed limit signs and rumble strips & humps backed by appropriately placed signs at particular locations on the road; Construction materials (especially murram) deposited on the road · 38 should be enclosed in some barrier with reflectory colours to help road users especially in the night hours; Properly manage construction equipment for the safety of the road users through/across road sections where the works are on-going; Put in place measures to ensure that, traffic across sections where works is on-going is managed well and safely. This may in some cases involve employing flag persons. Access roads for haulage trucks, used during road construction, should not be located near schools, hospitals and residential areas. Wide shoulders will be built for pedestrians, cyclists and other slow traffic in towns and villages; The road will include a provision for bus bays in towns and villages Road side vegetation will be kept down (by slashing or mowing and not by herbicides). The road contractor will provide warning to shop owners and other commercial businesses close to the road (especially around towns at least two weeks before use 39 I of heavy equipment near their premises. Install appropriate reflectorized signs at road diversions. The road contractor will undertake information campaigns on: Road safety, directed 10 local population and road users especially school children and their parents. Road safety, directed to local car Wetlands T Direct - -Build temporary During RE and drainage construction Contractor, -Do not dump in phase DEO wetlands -Minimize activities in wetlands -Plan for adequate number of culverts -Set up silt traps on steep gradients Flora and fauna T Direct -- -Sensitize workers not -Prior to and RE and to remove vegetation during Contractor -Prohibit hunting by construction workers phase Loss of carbon P Indirect -- Minimise cutting of -During road RE and sequestration trees and removing of construction contractor potential wetland vegetation phase Plant off-sets (trees) in road reserve and at schools and other government facilities Toxic fumes T Direct -- - Enforce regular During RE and maintenance of construction Contractor machines phase Solid wastes T Indirect -- -Pian for sorting out of -Prior to and RE and solid wastes into: during Contractor, glass, metals, plastics, construction NEMA, biodegradable phase UNRA -Plan sites for waste disposal Excessive dust T Direct - -Sprinkle water on the During RE and road regularly during construction Contractor, dry seasons/hot dry phase DEO days Occupational Safety - Ensure that the RE and and Health Contractor complies Contractor, with the occupational OHS, DEO, and safety regulations UNRA 40 of Uganda as contained in the Occupational Safety and Health Act 2006 and labour laws The contractor will put in place a clear health and safety system addressing the following among others: Build occupational safety skills of workers through appropriate training; Prepare indicative plans for occupational safety and health; Compensation schemes for victims; Provide appropriate and adequate protective gear and ensure that the gear is used for the purpose for which it is intended Provide emergency health facilities and first aid; Ensure strict adherence to safety rules at the work place; Recruit specialized manpower and staff to implement the health and safety system for the road project. Workers welfare to be adhered to Le. working hours, provision of food, water, rest hours, sanitation etc Use dust suppressants as far much as : possible. I HIV/Aids - Road construction During RE and the I workers should be Construction Contractor, informed about UNRA diseases that are prevalent in the project area, and how they can minimize their exposure to, and the 41 transmission of, such diseases. Provide guidance on good nutrition for HIV/AIDS infected workers; and Encourage Voluntary Counselling and Testing for the workers. Establishment of workplace committees to oversee implementation of HIV/Aids programmes and mobilisation of workers to participate in HIV/Aids control activities during implementation of the project. Mount regular HIV AIDS awareness campaigns. Condoms should be made available to construction crews. Contractors should provide workers with sufficient accommodation for married couples to stay together. The Contractors should consider hiring a permanent nurse to attend to emergencies and to mount awareness campaigns amongst the workers. Health service providers should be regularly consulted to determine any changes in disease patterns which may be associated with road construction. UNRA should hold regular discussions with their counterparts on any health implications of on going road construction. 42 Gender Direct - Women should be RE, encouraged to work on Contractor, the project i.e. as flag COO bearers, fuel pump attendants, record keepers, cook etc and it is recommended that at least 25% of the work force should be women. gender mainstreaming into the project; ,women should be given flexibility in terms of working hours on the road. provide sheds for those taking care of children of the mothers engaged on road works, Provide/earmark separate toilet facilities for women and men on the road to avoid embarrassing tendencies to the i women. = Key: P Permanent R = Reversible ST = Short-term = RE Resident Engineer T = Temporary - = Minor - - = Significant In order for the Environmental Mitigation Plan to be implemented environmental management costs are based on grassing, reinstatement of borrow pits, personal protective equipment and personnel including internship. 43 Table 2: Environmental Mitigation, Management and Monitoring Costs Impact Category Unit Cost Total Cost and Mitigation Quantity (Ugshs) (Ugshs) Measure 1.Land take and - Lumpsum 4,326,836,841 compensation for road right of way (RoW) 2. Borrow pit 30 20,000,000 600,000,000 rehabilitatiorire instatement (returning top soil) 3. Borrow pit 60 ha (30 * 2 3,000,000 revegetation/planti ha) ng grass 180,000,000 4. Lost carbon 10,000 500 (for sequestration and indigenous tree tree planting of off-sets seedlings and seedlings) 5,000,000 (trees) cost of 16,000 shrub and 1,000 seedlings seedlings for shrub seedlings 16,000,000 5. Lost carbon 26,000 2,000 52,000,000 sequestration and plantlings planting of offsets (planting and maintenance costs for one year) 6. Personal 400 workers Lump sum 120,000,000 Protective Equipment (PPE) including ear muffs, dust coats, helmets etc 7. Social facilities Lump sum 800,000,000 800,000,000 and infrastructure including road side amenities and public utilities 8. Establishment, Lump sum 250,000,000 250,000,000 management and ultimate re instatement of the contractors' camp 9. Provision of Lump sum 40,000,000 40,000,000 road safety measures including speed controls, accident reduction and road 44 signage 10. Road safety Lump sum 80,000,000 80,000,000 I education 11. HIV/AIDS Lump sum 300,000,000 300,000,000 education 12. Environmental 6 months 6,000,000 supervision including cost of 36,000,000 Environmental 30 months 3,000,000 Specialist, Environment 90,000,000 Officer, and Intern 30 months 1,500,000 45,000,000 13. ESMP Lump sum 50,000,000 50,000,000 Management and Audits 14. Institutional Lump sum 250,000,000 250,000,000 Collaboration and Monitoring of the ESMP (36 months) ! GRAND TOTAL 7,240,836,841 45 9 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN -ESMP In this section, the ESIA report proposes mitigation measures, design features, or actual impacts that should be monitored to ensure environmental acceptability of the project particularly for the construction phase. Some of the monitoring activities could be part of routine maintenance work. The section also presents a number of socio-economic and ecological parameters that should be continuously assessed to ensure that the project remains on course. The parameters include the following: ~ Efficiency of drainage structures ~ Interventions for erosion control off road, on the embankment, and river banks ~ Gravel pit and quarry rehabilitation ~ Establishment of trees along the road in Gulu and Atiak and some of the small trading centres along the road corridor. ~ Sanitation system at worker's camps ~ Payment of compensation for lands taken for establishment of borrow pits and quarries for gravel and hard stone excavation and the workers campsite; ~ Impact on public health due to dust, toxic fumes and creation of water pools at borrow pit sites providing breeding sites for mosquitoes, vectors for malaria ~ Economic development in the project area. The monitoring plan presented in the table below proposes resources to the various players proposed, to form an effective monitoring system. The departments that will be responsible for monitoring include the following; UNRA, the Consulting Supervisors Team, NEMA, Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Community Development Officer, District Environmental Officers, In addition Road Committees will be involved in environmental management and internship for graduate in the area of environmental management will work with the Contractors environmentalist., The following is a summary of the key elements that should be included in the Environmental Monitoring Plan of the Gulu-Atiak-Nimule Road. The contractor will however be expected tei prepare final mitigation and monitoring plans detailing how he/she has complied with the environmental and social impact statement (ESIA). In order that the contractors can appreciate what is involved in implementing proposed mitigation measures, and for them to be able to include mitigation measures in the bills of quantities, the ESIA should be made available to all bidders for the main contract assignment during project tendering. 46 Table 3: Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP) Frame Work Environmental Mitigation measures taken or to be Indicators Implementing Responsible issue taken organization organization A. Design Phase 1. Land take for --Minimize by following existing No. of -Design UNRA and road right of way road alignment PAPs/entities engineer RE (RoW) -Shape steep slope to reduce and progress gradient & erosion of relevant -Contractor mitigation measure (compensatio n); Size of road reserve in populatedAes s populated areas 2. Establishment of -Compensation of land owners No. of Borrow -Design UNRA and borrow -Restore all sites of borrow pits, Pits engineer and RE pits/quarries/road quarries, workers' camp etc and Contractor diversions/workers return them to the original owners No. of camps/storage PAPs/entities sites for materials and progress of relevant mitigation measure (payment of royalty by the contractor) Area of borrow pits reinstated/reh abilitated 3.Borrow -Reinstatement and Area of Contractor UNRA and pits/quarries/road and return of lands to land owners borrow RE diversion sisto rage pits/quarries sites etc that has been re instated Area of former borrow pits/quarries etc that has been planted with grass, 47 trees etc Progress of ecosystem recovery (reduced erosion, reduced gullies) 4. Removal of -Stick to the current road Area (ha) of Design UNRA, RE Vegetation alignment land take engineer and and DFO especially in Gulu -Replant trees & shrubs on Contractor Municipality & roadsides No of trees Atiak Township - Sensitize the local communities that are on importance of conservation of affected by plant resources (trees) road works No of replacement trees planted and maintained No of local community members involved in conservation activities 5.. Top soils/Spoils -Store in road reserve safely for No of mounds Contractor UNRA and restoration of exposed surfaces (heaps of soil) RE safely/u nsafe I y stored in road reserve 6. Soil Erosion - Clear only within road reserve No of points Contractor Uf\lRA and where necessary with serious RE -Construct temporary drainage erosion channels problem - Replant eroded sites No of temporary drainage channels and other erosion mitigation structures constructed Area of eroded sides 48 ! I that is ! replanted 7. Sanitation -Construct sanitation system for Persons per Design UNRA, RE system workers in the camp sites stance of engineer and and DHI sanitary Contractor facility (toilet, bathroom) recommende d 1 :12 8. Domestic --Use energy saving technology No . of energy I Contractor UNRA and fuel/Oil and - Bonded storage saving RE vehicle/fossil fuel -Education and awareness equipment No of persons sensitized and educated on key environmental issues/energy related 9. Oil wastes! Collect in drums, store in facility No of litres of Contractor UNRA and Spillages and licensed by NEMA and use oil collected RE discharges licensed transporter to dispose in and safely licensed disposal facility. disposed of -Clean up any oil spills -Stop washing vehicles in water No of bodies construct washing bays recommende and equip them with anti-pollution d vehicle equipment. washing bays No of licensed transporters/fr equency of collection of waste oil 10. Road safety - Use flagmen/women to control No of flagmen Contractor UI\lRA and traffic and women and Design RE -Use experienced drivers employed engineer -Install appropriate road signs -Install speed control signs No of -Build temporary humps to limit accidents speed (minor, major etc) No of drivers with defensive driving skills No of I appropriate 49 road signs and speed control devices 11 Wetlands -Build temporary drainage Area of Contractor UNRA and -Do not dump in wetlands wetland and Design RE -Minimize activities in wetlands affected by engineer -Plan for adequate number of the project culverts -Set up silt traps on steep No of culverts gradients and silt traps installed to protect wetlands 12. Toxic fumes - Enforce regular maintenance of Status of Contractor UNRA and machines Vehicle RE Service Cards/ value of exhaust fumes 13. Flora and -Sensitize workers not to remove Area of Contractor I UNRA, RE Fauna vegetation unnecessarily vegetation and DFO -Prohibit hunting by workers affected by the project/No of trees cut 14. Solid wastes -Plan for sorting out of solid No of waste Contractor UNRA and wastes into: glass, metals, plastics collection RE and biodegradable facilities/dust -Sell metal scraps and tyres to bins/skips per recycling factories in Kampala worker camp -Prepare composting pits for disposal of organics Weight of -Ensure that waste burning that used could emit toxic fumes/wastes like tyres/scrap dioxin is done in gazetted metal sold for incinerators recycling Weight of waste material burnt in gazetted incinerators 15. Excessive dust -Sprinkle water on the road Length of Contractor UNRA and regularly during dry seasons/hot work area RE dry days sprinkled with water No of times that water is sprinkled 50 16. Noise - Provide ear plugs to workers to No of workers Contractor UNRA and protect themselves from very loud with and Design RE noises protective engineer - There should be no construction wear/% of work at night workers etc -Sensitize the workers on the importance of using protective Absence/pres gears ence of sign - Construction vehicles should be posts marking regularly serviced to reduce noise stone blasting - Stone blasting sites should be sites/quarries conspicuously marked by signposts - Management of blasting should conform to public safety requirements Occupational Ensure that the Contractor No of workers Contractor UNRA and Safety and Health complies with the occupational trained in RE,OHSD and safety regulations of Uganda OSH skills as contained in the Occupational Safety and Health Act 2006 and labour laws The contractor will put in place a . clear health and safety system addressing the following among others: Build occupational safety skills of workers through appropriate training; Prepare indicative plans for occupational safety and health; Compensation schemes for victims; Provide appropria1e and adequate protective gear and ensure that the gear is used for the purpose for which it is intended Provide emergency health facilities and first aid; Ensure strict adherence to safety rules at the work place; Recruit specialized manpower and . staff to implement the health and safety system for the road project. Workers welfare to be adhered to i.e. working hours, provision of i food, water, rest hours, sanitation I etc 51 Use dust suppressants as far much as possible. HIV/Aids Road construction workers should No of workers Contractor UNRA and be informed about diseases that trained/sensiti RE are prevalent in the project area, zed on and how they can minimize their HIV/AIDS as exposure to, and the transmission part of the of, such diseases. project Provide guidanoo on good nutrition for HIV/AIDS infected Evidenoo of a workers; and Encourage Voluntary work place Counselling and Testing for the policy on workers. HIV/AIDS Establishment of workplace Presence of committees to oversee educationaVa implementation of HIV/Aids wareness programmes and mobilisation of materials workers to participate in HIV/Aids control activities during Presence/min implementation of the project. utes of Mount regular HIV-AIDS meetings of awareness campaigns. Condoms workplace should be made available to committee on construction crews. HIV/AIDS Contractors should provide workers with sufficient accommodation for married No of couples to stay together. functional The Contractors should consider committees hiring a permanent nurse to attend to emergencies and to mount awareness campaigns amongst the workers. Health service providers should be regularly consulted to determine any changes in disease patterns which may be associated with road construction. UNRA should hold regular discussions with their counterparts on any health implications of on going road construction. -....... -:-------+-:-:-:-----;--;-:--;-------;--;--1-.::,----:-----;:-+--:-----,----+-::=-=:---=-c=-::::----l Gender Women should be encouraged to Percentage of Contractor RE, CDO work on the project Le. as flag workforce that bearers, fuel pump attendants, are women I record keepers, cook etc and it is 52 recommended that at least 25% of the work force should be women. gender mainstreaming into the project; ,women should be given flexibility in terms of working hours on the road. provide sheds for those taking No of day care of children of the mothers care facilities engaged on road works, including sheds/nannie s Provide/earmark separate toilet Presence of facilities for women and men on separate toilet the road to avoid embarrassing faci lities/mark tendencies to the women .. ed 53 10 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS This ESIA report includes key findings on the baseline conditions, key potential positive and negative impacts of the proposed project and proposed mitigations measures. The report includes an Environmental and Social Impact Mitigation Plan which is duly translated into an appropriate mitigation budget. On the overall, the issues raised in the ESIA report provide a good understanding of the key environmental aspects in the project area. The report and its component mitigation plans and budgets th erefore provide reasonable guidance on how the environmental benefits of the project may be augmented and the negative ones mitigated. 54 BIBLIOGRAPHY Bradshaw, A.D., Southwood, R and Warner, F. 1992. The treatment and handling of wastes. Chapman and Hall, London, uk. Dharani, N. 2002. Field Guide to Common Trees and Shrubs of East Africa. Struik Publishers. Cape Town, South Africa Government of Uganda (GOU) 1998 Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, The Uganda Gazette No.28 Vol XCL 8 May 1998 Entebbe. Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment in Uganda, National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), 1997. National Environmental Management Policy, National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), 1994. National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA) 1999 Environmental Audit Guidelines for Uganda. Road Design Manual Volume 1: Geometric Design Manual. Republic of Uganda (MoWHC), June 2005. The National Environment (Standards for discharge of effluent into water or on land) Regulations 1999, The National Environment (Wetlands, River Banks and Lake Shores Management) Regulations, 2000. The Water (waste discharge) Regulations 1998, The Water Resources Regulations 1998, The Water Act Cap 152, Katende, A.B, Ssegawa, P, and Bernie. 1999. Wild Food Plants and Mushrooms of Uganda. RELMA, Nairobi, Kenya. Lind, E.M and Tallantire A,C. 1971. Some Flowering Plants of Uganda. Oxford University Press, Ely House, London W. 1 Ministry of Works and Transport (MoWT) Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines for Road Projects 2008. Mukiibi, J.K. 2001. Agriculture in Uganda. Vo1.1. General Information. Fountain Publishers/CTNNARO. Kampala, Uganda. 55 O'Dwyer, N. 2001. Atiak to Moyo Road. Feasibility Design Report, Volume 2: Section VI Environmental Impact Assessment Study. Republic of Uganda, Ministry of Works, Housing and Communications. Phillips, S, Namaganda, M and Lye, K.A. 2003. 115 Ugandan Grasses. Makerere Herbarium Handbook NO.1. Makerere University herbarium, Department of Botany, Makerere University. Kampala, Uganda Rwakafuzi, L. K. 2006.Environmental Legislation of Uganda. Volume1: NEMA WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. 2007. Dioxins and their effects on human health. Fact Sheet No. 225. 56 APPENDIX 1: CONSULTANT Prof. Hannington Oryem-Origa -Team Leader 57 Proposed Position: Environmentalist Name of Firm: Kagga & Partners Limited Name of Staff: Hannington ORYEM-ORIGA Profession: Botanist Year of Birth: 1949 Years with Firm/Entity: Associate Nationality: Ugandan Membership of Professional Societies: Member of the Uganda Biometric Society Member of the International Biometrics Society Member of the East African Wildlife Society Member of the Uganda Wildlife Society Fellowship Makerere University Research Grants Fellowship NUFU PRO 18/92 PhD Fellowship African Academy of Science NEMA Registered Key Qualifications Dr. Oryem - Origa holds a PhD from Makerere University and is a Member and Fellow of many international and local Associations and Organizations. He is a Registered Member of NEMA. He has got over 13 years experience working on environmental management and able to demonstrate a sound knowledge of environmental and social issues, initiatives and impact assessment and mitigation measures related projects of high environmental concern in developing and tropical countries. He has proven experience in impact assessment management. Education: PhD, Makerere University MSc. Makerere University BSc. Second Class Honours, Upper Division, Makerere University, 1974 58 Courses Attended 1994 Visited the University of Vienna to be exposed on some laboratory techniques for the analysis of plant tissues for calcium. 1995 Attended a 10-Week Winter PhD Course for Plant Physiologists at the Agricultural University of Norway al As. Employment Record: 2001 - to date: Acting Dean, Faculty of Science, Makerere University 1999 - to date: Associate Professor, Department of Botany, Makerere University 1984-- to date: Senior Lecturer, Department of Botany, Makerere University. 1997- to date: Associate Dean, Faculty of Science, Makerere University 1986-1990: Head of Department of Botany, Makerere University 1977-1984: Lecturer, Department of Botany, Makerere University 1974--1977: Specialist Assistant, Department of Botany, Makerere University Employment Record 2009 - to date: Environmentalist, Kagga & Partners Ltd Feasibility Design and Detailed Design for the Upgrading of the Gulu-Atiak-Nimule Road. Apr 07 - to date: Environmentalist! Sociologist, Kagga & Partners Ltd Design, Tender Assistance and Construction Supervision for the Upgrading of the Atiak - Moyo Road Mar 07 - to date: Environmentalist, Kagga & Partners Ltd Consultancy Services for Design and Construction Supervision for the Upgrading of Kabale - Kisoro - Bunagana I Kyanika Road. Contract No. ADF/HW/CS013 Mar-Oct 07: Environmentalist, Mott MacDonald (U.K) in association with Kagga and Partners Consultancy Services for Preparation and Design of Pilot Area Wide Output and Performance Based Contracts. Client Ministry of Works & Transport I RAFU. May - Sept 06: Environmental Specialist, Kagga & Partners Ltd For the Detailed Design of Mutungo to Namanve Transmission Line, and the Construction Supervision of the Transmission Main, Reservoirs and Booster Pumps. Responsible for assisting the team leader with his duties. Apirl - Aug 06: Environmentalist, Kagga & Partners Ltd 59 Feasibility Study for the Development of a Solid Waste Disposal Facility for Kampala District. Kampala City Council. Funded by IDA Dec 05 - May 06: Environmentalist, Kagga & Partners Ltd Feasibility study for the Widening of Entebbe Road, Ministry of Works, Housing and Communications. Funded by BADEA Oct. 2005: Environmental Specialists, Kagga & Partners Ltd In the process of carrying out valuation for compensation and affected communities for the Pre-Investment Study for the Nile Bridge in Jinja for Road Agency Formation Unit, Ministry of Works, Housing and Communication, Govemment of Uganda. Sept '05 to '06: Environmental Specialists, Kagga & Partners Ltd Responsible for the review & recommendations of the Environment Impact Assessment and Address Environmental Issues for the feasibility study and defining a strategy for improvement of Kampala City Council lViarkets. 2004 to 2005: EnvironmentaVSocial Specialist, Kagga & Partners Ltd Responsible for carrying out data collection, Field Interview and reporting for Design and Construction Supervision of a Fixed Weighbridge along Jinja - Malaba Road, Ministry of Works, Housing and Communications. Funded by the EU. 2004- 2006: Environmental and Social Impact Assessor the Feasibility Study of the Rehabilitation of Tororo - Opuyo - Lira 132kV Transmission Line, Kagga & Partners Ltd Specialist responsible for carrying out the environmental and Social Impact Assessment of the proposed Transmission Line. Main duties on this project is to asses the environmental and social impacts that the transmission line would have on the environment and the public. Environmental Impact Assessment activities comprised of collection of base line data, developing base map considering the features existing in the ROW based on field visit, data compilation and estimating the environmental loss due to the rehabilitations with different options and report preparation with a plan to develop environmentally friendly measures. Part of my social assessments involved the identification of landowners likely to be affected due to the rehabilitation. Involved in constant liaison with NEMA, clients and the public. - Cost of Consultancy $98, 000 2003 - Dec '06: Environmental Impact Assessor on Engineering Review and Construction Supervision of Katunguru - Kasese - Fort Portal -Kilembe -Equator Mpondwe Roads, Kagga & Partners Responsible for the review and recommendations of the Environmental Impact Assessment Report prepared by another 60 consultant, . and the monthly reporting on the environmental situation during the construction of the project. The activities comprise of review of the environmental documents, the collected base line data, developing base map considering the features existing in the ROW based on field visit, data compilation and estimating the environmental loss due and gain to rehabilitations of the roads. Involved in constant liaison with NEMA, clients and the public- Cost of Works is $36Million 2001- 2002: Consultant: Kagga & Partners Ltd' RITES Environmental , Social Assessment Specialist on the Kampala Urban Traffic Improvement Project (KUTIP), Kagga & Partners Ltd). Carrying out the environmental and Social Impact Assessment of the proposed Traffic Improvement measures in Kampala City Council. Main duties on this project was to assess the environmental and social impacts that the road improvements would have on the environment and the public. Environmental Impact Assessment activities comprised of collection of base line data, developing base map considering the features existing in the ROW based on field visit, data compilation and estimating the environmental loss due to upgradation and improvements with different options and report preparation with a plan to develop environmentally friendly measures. Part of my social assessments involved the identification of landowners likely to be affected during project execution. Involved in constant liaison with public officia Is, clients and the public. Cost of Works - $4m. 2000: Environmental Assessment Specialist responsible for the preparation of an Environmental Impact Assessments for proposed Colombite-Tantalite Open Cast mine in Ntungamo, Western Uganda. 1999: Environmental Impact Assessor of a proposed hydroelectric power projects on Victoria Nile, Kagga & Partners Ltd , International Finance Corporation Together with a team from Acres International of Canada, carried out review of the EIA and socia-economic impacts of the proposed hydroelectric power projects. 1998: Environmental Assessment Specialist Design Review and Update of Kapchorwa - Suam Road Carried out a review of the project with Mott MacDonald' Kagga and Partners. Carried out environmental and social impact assessment. The activities of the project were to review the base line socio-economic data, studying the methods used to generate baseline environmental quality data, data compilation and report preparation. 61 1997: Environmental Assessment Specialist. Responsible for carrying out an environmental impact assessment at a proposed site for the construction of a hydroelectric power dam on River Muzizi in Uganda. 1996: Environmental Assessment Specialist. Involved in carrying out an Environmental impact assessment and a Resettlement Action Plan on proposed road from Busunju via Kiboga and Hoima to Bataba on Lake Albert, sponsored by International Development Co-operation (IDC). 1994: Environmental Assessment Specialist Worked among a group of scientists to carry out environmental impact assessment and a Resettlement Action Plan on the proposed road from Sironko to suam via Kapchorwa. (Sponsored by International Development Co-operation) (IDC). 1993: Environmental Assessment Specialist worked among a group of scientists to carry out an environmental impact assessment and a Resettlement Action Plan on a proposed road from Ntindi to Bundibugyo District in Uganda. 1992: National Consultant, served on the Uganda National Committee for the Preparation of documents for the nomination of World heritage Convention Sites, sponsored by UNESCO. Two National Sites were accepted and inscribed on the World Heritage List by the World Heritage Committee of UNESCO IN 1994. Languages Speak Read Write English V. Good V. Good V. Good Swahili Good Good Good Luganda Fair Fair Fair 62 APPENDIX 2: LIST OF KEY INFORMANTS 1. Mr. James Ocaka, Mob. 0774151502 Gulu Municipality Environment Officer 2. Mr. S.L Abwola, Mob.0772890190 (Senior Forestry Officer), Gulu District Forest Officer 3. Mr. Samuel Okello, Mob. 0782962144, GuluDistrict Environment Officer 4. Ms Doreen Ajok, Mob. 0782479691, Amuru District Environment Officer 5. Eng. John Bigabwa, UNRA Station Engineer, Gulu 6. Mr. Kasibante, UNRA Station Roads Inspector 7. Ocan Jonh Bosco, L.C.3.Chairman 8. Ochora Geoffrey Attiak Subcounty Chief Atiak 9. Komakech Walter, Speaker Atiak sUbcounty 63 APPENDIX 3: ATTENDANCE LISTS FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS The following attended Meetings that were held during the consultative process, evidence attached herewith. . BIBIA SUBCOUNTY 1. Bihal Dominic 2. Leku Simon 3. Avupi Mark 4. Angu Peter 5. Oce Michael 6. Izaru Kasim 7. Ocaya Paul 8. Nyumoi Flamine 9. Bahenongo Abib 10. Auda Abdullah 11. Asida Mark 12. AmoH Stpheno 13. Nasuru Mohammed 14. Amoko Tiberious 15. Tereza Audlito 16. Aniza Leke 17. Akoko Keremetina 18. Joyce Nyuma 19. Akello Joan 20. Achan Esther KATII KATII B, PALWONG PARISH, PABO SUBCOUNTY 1. Owot Hilton 2. Komakech Richard 3. Omona Okello 4. Kinyera Bosco 5. Oweka William 6. Kilara Wilson 7. T ookiya Jekeri 8. Atek - Ki Boz Binansiu 9. Oyat Lubele 10. Arach Lucy 11.0wncan 12. Kweya Alfred 13. Olal Eromia 14. Opira Samiri 15. Okello Naptali 16.0ceng 64 17. Okello Jackson 18. Lakony David 19. Onegui Joseph 20. Omara Charles 21. Opio John 22. Opira Richard 23. Ojok Michael 24. Kidega William AMURU INTRODUCTORY MEETING 1. Christine Atimayo 2. Ajok Doreen Lanyerd 3. Aliker David 4. Achirocan Fancy ATIAK TRADING CENTRE - ARC INTERNATIONAL 1. Omule Godfrey 2. Okot Dawinton Tobbi 3. Okello Mashimo 4. Komakech Matthew 5. Okwera Sicto 6. Akulu Esther 7. Akwero Catherine LAMOGI, PARABONGO TRADING CENTER (AMURU) 1. Hon. Oola Paito Pater 2. Hon. Acaye Martin Aero 3. Hon. Odong Okongo 4. Okumu Richard 5. Olur Samuel 6. ORinga Albariko 7. Loum Vitirino 8. Olyel Michael 9. Odong David 10. Okumu Edward 11. Oketlaryol 12. Ayella David 13. Ojara David Churchill 14. Kumakech James 15.0kotDan~ICandano 16. Obiya Benson 17. Atube Justine 18. Jok- Rac Jacob 19. Atoo Sister 20. Oloya Benard Olabe 21. Ogat Benard 22. Bwet Vincent 65 23. Awa Simon 24. Oloyo- Jok Francis LAMOJI SUB- COUNTY 1. Oceng David 2. Mogi Moses 3. Acire Justine 4. Odoki Wilfred 5. Ogik Martin 6. Ongom Batulomayo 7. Thairi Abdudala /\juga 8. Ogik Daniel 9. Mwaka Richard 10. Komakech Samuel William 11. Obel Alanya 12. LAbal Piny David 13. Okwero John 14.0gwengi 15. Odaki Maroni 16. Olobo Richard 17. Obwolo Joseph 18. Lawoko Lawrence 19. Oryacma Emmanuel 20. Ojok Innocent 21. "Anywar Walter 22. Okello Churchill PAWEL- KAL SUBCOUNTY ATiAK 1. Ocakacon John 2. Kibwola Jimmy 3. Akena Patrick 4. Oringa Massimo 5. Okwonga Justine 6. Aremo 7. Acellam Wilson 8. Oringa Stuart 9. Oloya Charles 10. Okwera Boscoit 11. Kumakech E. 12. Ojok Isaac 13. Kilama George 14. Oyet Patrick 15. Oryema C. Enock 16.0tema 17.0koya 18. Onen Christopher 19.0jok 20. Akera George 66 21. Man Ango Anna 22. Ocitti Alfred 23. Abola Jackie 24. Otim John Bosco 25. Odong Alfred 26. Oweka Ronakj 27. Adoki Simon Peter 28. Olaa Daniel 29. Otim Obol 30. Ocitti Charles 31. Gipir David 32. Acaye Bosco 33. Oweka Martin 34. Oweka Tokosafat 35. One Tito 36. Lalam Jane 37. MrsAliga 38. Adoch Karomela 39. Akello Dorine 40. Okot Danish 41. Obalo Joseph 42. Rom James PABO SUBCOUNTY, PAWEL- PUKUMU 1. Omona Willy 2. Okot David 3. Oyet Christopher 4. Odong Albion Oniba 5. Olanga Patrick 6. Okello Richard 7. Kidega David 8. Acaye' David 9. Okot Juliano 10. Okema Cosmas 11 . Opoka Charles 12. Kumakech 13. Opira Patrick 14. Kipara Lawrence 15. Odoki Willy 16. Onera Jokondiro 17. Aryemo Joska 18.0ceng 19. Lewa Radolf Acella 20. Atekea Martin 21. Ojok J 22. Ouma Charles 23. Olaa Daniel 24. Owor Thomas 25. Ocaya Justino 26. Oywello Matthew 67 27. Okumu Martin 28. Obwona Denish 29. Ochola Alfred 30. Okot Walter Alya 31. Loum Bishop 32. Ayella J. B 33.0pira 34. Okwonga Vincent 35. Ojwiya Richard 36. Okello Tito 37. Lukwiya S. B 38. Lumoyi Justine 39. Olweng Jimmy PABO SUB- COUNTY 1. Han. Lagnoy John Bosco 2. Oluba Ben 3. Aciro Sabina Obong 4. Ateilum Onekasui Kenneth 5. Han. Acauyoland 6. Rose Tobina 7. Odoch Samuel 8. Ojera Alex 9. Ojok Anthony 10. Macilino Kidega 11. Oola Richard 12. Omony Robert 13. Ocen Bosco 14. Onono George 15. Torach Paul 16. Orach OUm 17. Oceng Ben 18. Anthony Jokene 19. Ponsiano Langoya 20. Acaye G. Phillips 21. Ocaya Mad 22. Bongomin Robert 23. Olum David Kanyema 24. Loum Quinto Obuku 25. Otto Dison 26. Arup Bitek Ben 27. Openy Bosco 28. Olal Charles 29. Opwonya William 30. Odong Tobia 31. Openy Samuel 32. Onen David 33. Olyel Lusiano 34. Ojera Charles 35. Okumu Joseph 68 36. Okumu David 37. Ojara Patrick 38. Ouma Santo 39. Laker Rose 40. Otto Eujemo 41. Okia Okol 42. Oneka Christopher Brooks 43. Ouma Albert 44. Acellam Albert 45. Ochaland David 46. Ouma Charles 47. Okwaka Ratif 48. Odoki Massimo 49. Odoki Justine 50. Angeyo Macilina 51. Akena Celsio 52. Okong Simon 53. Oketta Godfrey 54. Odokorajezo Simon Peter 55. Kiwanuka David Kidaga 56. Loch Paul 57. P.L Opige 58. Mrs. Biyita Okwonga 59. Oceng Michael 60. Oola Bosco 61. Amigo Johnson 62. Anywar Bosco 63. Okeny Silvesto 64. Anguza Khalidi 65. Otuniu Joel 66. Nyeilo D. Ongwen 67. Acheing Grace 68. Achiro Christine 69. Akumu Irene 70. Obako K. Raphael 71. Apire Kenneth 72. Okeita Raphael 73. Akongo Margaret 74. Obwaoya John 75. Owot Patrick 76. Okidi Justine Lain 77. Opira Saulo 78. Odida Matthew 79. Olok Sarafino 80. Odokonyero 81. Okech Cewinto 82. Haji Sebi Kelin 83. Oroya Louis 84. Oryem Denis 85. Olyel Justine Ray 86. Olanya Zakeo 69 87. Ocitti Vincent 88. Okiya Maxwell 89. Omona C. 90. Ochola Charles Oloya 91. Oola Vincent 92. Kitara Mathias 93. Opira Samuel 94. Ogaki John 95. Hon. Auma Mary 96. Ayoo Pauline 97. Okwonga Mateo 98. Oyrema David 99. Ocitti Bosco 100. Rejina Arnono 101. Okelio William 102. Okumu Boniface 103. Lakwo Nyero Doctor 104. Auma Dessuretter 105. Onen David 106. Obalo Stephanie PARABONGO 1. Anywar Christopher 2. Olweny David 3. Gazi M. 4. Kikora Wilson 5. Akwilino Ayera 6. Ocaya B. 7. Olobo Eujenio 8. Okwera Joel 9. Oywelo Yokoyadi 10. Omong Patrick 11. Ayela Frands 12. Kumisk 13. Opendi Lemi 14. Acera Onasimo 15. Aciro Vicky 16. Amero 17. Laker Filda 18. Lakot Mary 19. Adro 20. Komakech P. Okwera 21. Okumu Christopher 22. Okello Ismail 23. Matthew Olum 24. Lackgood Sammy 25. Oloya Robert 26. Obol Okeny 27. Lakwonyero 28. Komakech Denish 70 29. Opira Charles 30. Okulu Bosco 31 . Akera David 32. Lanyero Hellen 33. Ouma Denis 34. Rwotmon J 35. Tiboni Patrick Kibuga 36. Owuru Santo 37. Ocen Godfrey 38. Lucy Okello 39. Labol Elizabeth 40. Obita Gama 41.0kello 42. Ogeiu Rwot 43. Okot Martin 44.0poka 45. Ouma John Obel 46. Nyeko Michael 47. Ocaya Patrick ATIAK SUB- COUNTY 1. Olok David 2. Otta William 3. Obwonya Severino 4. Kitaka Robert 5. Oyet James 6. Oroma Martin 7. Olal Temewa 8. Opobo Isaac 9. Onyuta Vincent 10. Acaye James 11 . Ochola Donasianu 12. Nyero Ben 13. Kilama Paul 14. Owor Norbert 15. Ben Oyet 16. Oballo Thomas Jorom 17. Luzira Zadur 18. Aserua Maurine Lajaa 19. N Okeepido 20. Okumu William 21. Ojara Augustine 22. Opiyo Genson 23. Ato Vicky Sebi 24. Olakakai Martin 25. Okulu Sibirino 26. Ojwiya Justo 27. Obol Christopher 28. Openyito A 71 29. Okello Michael 30. Ouma John 31. Odur Silvano 32. Abola Severino Nyero 33. Oryem Manage 34. Odiya Anaiya 35. Oneku John 36. Aryemo Fatorina 37. Ondoa Santina 38. Charles Ojok 39. Awor Beatrice 40. Lucy Okwi 41 . Atti Oyet 42.Amo Aida 43. Opoka Francis 44. Ajulina Akwe~ 45. Acayo Flower 46. Akumu Mary 47. Abol Christine 48. Lakot Oroma . 49. Akera Samuel 50. Mrs. Lapora Rose 51. Akwero Rose 52. Kawuda Kende 53. Jijari Akwero 54. Lanyero Mary 55. Kazemen Abol 56. Sarah Loum 57. Ala Rose 58. Okech Filbert Amos 59. Alama J. J Batel 60. Vatorina Lakeya 61 . Lawkar Flower 62. Lama Macilian 63. Oneka Christopher 64. Owot Lusimai 65. Ocaaluk Walter 66. OChola Albert 67. Kumakech Saerii 68. Luwiri Phillip 69. Odur Goefrey 70. Ocen Nelson 71. Onekalit Lazarus 72. Aciro Pyerina 73. Komakech Robert 74. Okello Samuel 75. Obong Samuel 76. Obong Joseph C. 77. Okello James 78. Ocira Oscar 79. Oyik Odur 72 80. Okema C. Bob 81. Anywar Peter 82. Onen Charles 83. Bongomin Edward 84. Okello J. 85. Kuama P. Bosco 86. Acaye Simon 87. Nyero Finicasi 88. Owor C. P 89. Omony Walter 90. Okot Ben 91. Oryem James 92. Oneka Moses 93. Okongo Nelson 94. Pilla William 95. Pido Jenaro 96. Olakjo B. 97. Acellam Charles 98. Odong Santo 99. Dera Tadeo 100. Lumumba Patrick 101. Topaco William 102. Onen Julius 103. Obote Milton 104. Opira Simon 105. Oola John 106. Festo Okot Torom 107. Alweny Adinam 108. Ouma Alfred 109. Omal Abubakar 110. Kidega David 111. Mutesa Francis LACOR KAIT KATIABUGA 1. Okumu Christopher 2. Olyei Albino 3. Okello Phillip 4. Olango Emmanuel 5. Obita Francis 6. Olanya Jacqueline 7. Nyeko Alex 8. Opio Patrick Okwi 9. Rubangakene Simon 10. Kidega Bosco 11. Okema 12. Obita James 13. Mrs. Emily Oryema 14. Akello Coney 15. Okello John 16. Oryem Sunday 73 DISTRICT: GULU 1. Oloya Stephen 2. Kasibante Midlael 3. Kyabangi Amina 4. Uma Charles 5. Walter Ochola (Rtd Col) 6. Kioko Robert 7. Abwola SL 8. Ochola Andrew 9. Ojera Alex 10. Okello Samuel 11. Kitara Macmot LAYISI TECHO PARISH: 1. Odong William 2. Kinyera Paul Lubai 3. Onen Richard 4. Obol Patrick 5. Ojok Patrick 6. Otiu Patrick L. 7. Oloya Onen 8. Ongai Andrew 9. Akena Richard Okene 10. Grace Lamong 11. Odokorach Alfred 12. Mwaua Emmanuel 13. Odong David 14. Oloya David 15. Otim Willy 16. Lanek Gideon 17. Okello Vinansio 18. Lamong Benard 19. Oloya Quirino 20. Kilama Frank 21. Ocan Denis 22. Julius Ocen 23. Komakech Innocent 24. Ajik Edno 25. Ochan Robert 26. Obal Richard 27. Joskar Laker Okot 28. Judith Adoch 29. Mrs. Petronella Oryem 30. Acen Hellen 74 LAYISI CUSTOM CORNER 1. Peter Oryema 2. Opiro Walter 3. Lumoi Alex Latim 4. Ocan Livingstone Denis 5. Ocero James 6. Ouma Walter 7. Kilara Geofrey Bai 8. Opiyo John 9. Stephen Langole 10. Oyet Walter 11. Wokorach Samuel 12. Ocan Patrick 13. Uma Justin 14. Komakech Gaga 15. Ochom Joseph 16. Anna Alanyo 17. Komakech Denis 18. Harree Cons 19. Abodo Kozina 20. Odong Calie 21. Otim Kanana 22. Pito Ocama Eric 23. Mrs Mary Bai LACOR CENTER 1. Oloya Benson 2. Nyeko Miller 3. Menya Albert E. 4. Onen Julius 5. Loum Anthony 6. Oyella Betty 7. Ochan Richard 8. Lumumba Patrick 9. Ojok Ben Patrick 10. Lam Kenneth 11. Okot Ojara Alex 12. Hellen Ojik 13. Uma Lucy 14. Naume Oryang 15. Ojok James 16. Ocen Paul 17. Okumu Florence 18. Otto I. James 75 KEYO 1. Lakony Geoffrey 2. Komakech Robert Abim 3. Otto Ronald 4. Otura James 5. Tokuma Wilfred 6. Obol Walter 7. Mutesa Nelson 8. Obong Festo 9. Oryem Joseph 10. Odiyro Anthony 11. Nyeko James 12. Augustine Odong 13. Abiriga George 14. Bongomin Benard 15. Oyo Raymond 16. Odong Christopher 17. Ochieng Denis 18. Okello 19. Akera Bazil 20. Acire 21. Muoeh 22. Opira Morris 23. Okello Wilfred 24. Oner Odeba 25. Akera Samuel 26. Opoka Christopher 27. Olango John 28. Opwonya Kalifan 29. Olweny Jacob 30. OyetWiliiam 31. Nyeko Julius 32. Opoka Francis 33. OlumBWilly 34. Ochen Alfred 35. Olonya Hannington 36. Ochola John Obwoya 37. Ayella Nickson 38. Ajulina Owot 39. Obita David 40. Oyeng Anington 41. Okwith Akema 42. Pingo Patrick 43. Adoch Santina 44. Akwongo Terejina 45. Kinyera Christopher 46. Okot Manzi Medi 47. Onen Kenneth 76 48. Odong Martin 49. Okello Dennis 50. Odong Anyinj 51. Odida John Balinoe 52. Openy George 53. Obwollo Okobo LACOR SEMINARY 1. Onek Martin 2. Kidega William 3. Opiro Jackson 4. Onen Jowel 5. Moro P. Kibwota 6. Labeja Remigio 7. Opoka Gabriel 8. Okot Santos 9. Komakech John Bosco 10. Omwony James 11. Ojok Wilfred Kiiza 12. Opiro Ricky 13. Oloya Charles 14. Adonga Julius 15. Lalam Kereni 16. Dorothy Akwongo 17. William Odur 18. Lakony Constantine 19. Onen-Can Marcellino 20. Omal Cirillo 21. Oringa Robert Orach 22. Akena Charles 23. Acaye Julius 24. Akera Robert 25. Rukundo Kenneth 26. Okwera Robert 27. Okumu Albert 28. Okello Tito Sunday 29. Ocol Kidega Livingstone 30. Thomas Oyamo 31. Ocaya Denis 32. Okumu Paul 33. Odur Francis 34. Kinyera M. 35. Okello Morris 36. Odur Robert 37. Nyero Walter Aliga 38. Komakech Patrick 39. Odong Joseph 40. Odong Bernard 41. Kibwola Anthony Abic 42. Odongpiny George 77 43. Okello Andrew 44. Oceng Alfred 45. Openy Francisco 46. Otto Ben 47. Tabu Jimmy 48. Okoya M. Peter 49. Odong Sebastino 50. Orach David 51. Innocent Oketayot 52. Ochieng Kanneth 53. Mrs Polline Odur 54. Mrs Aciro Lilly Bohi 55. Akumu Evalyn 56. Florence Aol Okech 57. Oluba Sunday UNRA GULU STATION 1. Bigabwa John 2. Obali Fred 3. Eng. Twaha Lubega 4. Kyabangi Amina 5. Kato Kagga 6. Kasibante Moharrrned 78 PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF COMMUNITY SENSITISATION 79 80 APPENDIX 4: ISSUES RAISED DURING SOME OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS 1. Meeting with the Gulu Municipality Environment Officer (Mr. James Ocaka) Because the Gulu-Atiak-Nimule Road proposed for upgrading starts within Gulu Municipality area, the Gulu Municipalty Environmental Officer was interviewed in connection wth the potential impact of the road construction. The Environment Officer raised the following issues: · Increased dust generated during the construction phase of the road will spoil properties of a big population in the Municipality · Large mvule trees in the town area should now be knocked down during road clearance because they are mature and should be replaced by young trees · Extraction of murram from within the Munidpality will create breeding grounds for mosquitoes and is therefore not acceptable · Drainage within the municipality in the project area should be properly done · Roadsides within the project area should be planted with trees and shrubs to give a touch of beauty in the Municipality · Gave information that the Munidpality boundary on the western part is at Alokolum Major Seminary. 2. Meeting with the Gulu District Environment Officer (Samuel Okello) The District Environment officer said that since the road corridor passes through an area with very little surface water, there is no serious issue of pollution of water within the District. However, at the beginning of Layibi bypass, there is a small area of Layibi wetlands with a stream flowing through it. There are also small seasonal streams called Ladul and Oyitino located between Lacor Hospital and Mother Angelitta Primary School which he said could only be affected during the rainy seasons. He advised that they must all be protected from sedimentation and pollution during the construction phase by preventing the flow or dumping of loose and construction materials into these sensitive habitats. 3. Meeting with the Gulu District Forest Officer (S.L Abwola) The District Forest Officer reported that there is no known natural plantation forest under the control of the National Forest Authority within the zone of influence of the project within Gulu District. He however pointed out that there are some mature mvule trees (Milida excelsa) within Gulu Municipality area. Additionally, he said that there are some species of mahogany (Khaya grandifolia, Khaya senegalensis and Entandophragma sp) planted at various sections of the project route from Gulu Town up to Lacor Trading Centre. All of the trees are mature. He said that if widenng of the road to create working space will necessitate knocking down the trees, then they could be cut down and replanted later according to the National Forestry and Tree Planting Act of 2003 in the road reserve when affected sections are upgraded. He also said that some individuals 81 who have small plantations of some trees along road will have to be compensated in case their trees are cut down during road clearance. He mentioned that some off these tree species include Cassia siamea, Eucalyptus sp, Grevillea rob usia , Jacaranda sp Tonna ciliata, Sapium elypticum and Pinuspatula among others 4. Meeting with the Amuru District Environment Officer (Doreen Ajok (Ms) Amuru District Environmental Officer (Ms Ajok) reported that with the project corridor, there is Awer stream in Lamogi Sub-county and Awer valley which consists of a permanent wetland. The wetland only covers a narrow strip along the river. She also said that between Bibia Trading Centre and Unyama wetland and its drainage system, there is Elego seasonal wetland. Unyama wetland which covers the Unyama River valley is permanent. She advised that during the construction phase, these few water bodies should not be contaminated and filled with sediments from loose materials generated. She further said that dumping of loose and construction materials in wetlands and water bodies should not be allowed. Wetlands are protected under the Wetlands, River Banks and Lakeshores Regulations of 2000, Part II, Section .3 (2) which holds that the Government or a local govemment shall hold in trust for the people and protect wetlands for the common good of the citizens of Uganda. Ms Ajok reported that although there is no game park within the zone of influence of this project, there are a number of animal species known to inhabit the wooded grasslands which cover much larger land area than human settlements. She said that most of the larger mammals are found in the more wooded area between Atiak Township and Nimule. Of course according the Uganda Wildlife Statute, 1996, all wild animals in the country are under the custodianship of UWA on behalf of and for the benefit of the people and government. This is for the purpose of promoting sustainable management of wildlife throughout Uganda whether they found in protected areas or not. According to Amuru District Environment Officer, the following animals are known to occur in the zone of influence of the project: warthogs, gazelles, bush bucks, kobs, duikers, grass cutters, mongoose, Obar (Ach) , squirrels, and a variety of snake species. Birds known to commonly occur in the area include doves, kites, Guinea fowls, partridges, Lakwal (Ach), owls, Lobulang (Ach), Omuya (Ach), Olwit (Ach), Tebo (Ach), Ladetdet (Ach), Latiti (Ach), Arara (Ach). She however expressed concern that during the implementation of this project, there is likely to be interest in killing some of th e animals th at may cross the way by the construction team because of increased human population in the area. She said that this should be avoided as much as possible since this will be considered illegal. She further pointed that improved road conditions are likely to promote more charcoal burning and trade in the area. 82 /' ) : C)·j 83 I., ',. r ') . , ' f (, , I 84 " of 85 RECORD Of' ATTENDANCE I I 86 87 · / ...... r., ~ " ", .-., + , -" ~./" ~ .. " ~" " . . ' 'f , :;' , 6 , w l 88 89 fd I , I' It ,'::.' I \ . t.-~ 1 '-; \ ~ , . 90 '" '" " 91 ,t' , -f J .. i: 92 ._·cO .,;' ,. ;, , 1 r·· " 93 94 ! 95 i ' / l' ; 96 ' .. I.,' ". 97 ., , " ,, ';: t 98 '~:: -; : ~,.I i 1"' 99 " '. r/ / 100 101 102 . -.~~~~ ~; . :.,: ~>- -, '.1· 103 ;. ' ;~. I .j I , I 104 ,l." 105 t 106 107 108 :~'l:;~C ~'tI11 ty: 109 A -;-IAK NIMULE f'OAD (Si)\ - C:OMi.1UNiTY SENSiTIS.L.": :cr~.' , /', SrlP"eoiJnty: RECORD OF t,TTE~DANCE 110 111 SUb-County: t ( If ( __ ! Oa\.e RECCR~) OF t.TTENDANCE .J~ ,> / l, ----i ----------------- 112 113