77685 RES-360° RESILIENCE IN EDUCATION SYSTEMS: RAPID ASSESSMENT MANUAL 1 Z^ͲϯϲϬ϶͗ZĂƉŝĚƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚDĂŶƵĂů RES-360° RESILIENCE IN EDUCATION SYSTEMS: RAPID ASSESSMENT MANUAL ϮϬϭϯdŚĞ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶŬĨŽƌZĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶĂŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚͬdŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬ ϭϴϭϴ,^ƚƌĞĞƚEt tĂƐŚŝŶŐƚŽŶϮϬϰϯϯ dĞůĞƉŚŽŶĞ͗ϮϬϮͲϰϳϯͲϭϬϬϬ /ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚ͗ǁǁǁ͘ǁŽƌůĚďĂŶŬ͘ŽƌŐ ŵĂŝů͗ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞΛǁŽƌůĚďĂŶŬ͘ŽƌŐ dŚŝƐǁŽƌŬŝƐĂƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂīŽĨdŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬǁŝƚŚĞdžƚĞƌŶĂůĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶƐ͘dŚĞĮŶĚŝŶŐƐ͕ ŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐ͕ĂŶĚĐŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶƐĞdžƉƌĞƐƐĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐǁŽƌŬĚŽŶŽƚŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌŝůLJƌĞŇĞĐƚƚŚĞǀŝĞǁƐŽĨ dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬ͕ŝƚƐŽĂƌĚŽĨdžĞĐƵƟǀĞŝƌĞĐƚŽƌƐ͕ŽƌƚŚĞŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƚŚĞLJƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ͘  dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŐƵĂƌĂŶƚĞĞƚŚĞĂĐĐƵƌĂĐLJŽĨƚŚĞĚĂƚĂŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐǁŽƌŬ͘dŚĞ ďŽƵŶĚĂƌŝĞƐ͕ĐŽůŽƌƐ͕ĚĞŶŽŵŝŶĂƟŽŶƐ͕ĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƐŚŽǁŶŽŶĂŶLJŵĂƉŝŶƚŚŝƐǁŽƌŬĚŽ ŶŽƚŝŵƉůLJĂŶLJũƵĚŐŵĞŶƚŽŶƚŚĞƉĂƌƚŽĨdŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬĐŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐƚŚĞůĞŐĂůƐƚĂƚƵƐŽĨĂŶLJƚĞƌƌŝͲ ƚŽƌLJŽƌƚŚĞĞŶĚŽƌƐĞŵĞŶƚŽƌĂĐĐĞƉƚĂŶĐĞŽĨƐƵĐŚďŽƵŶĚĂƌŝĞƐ͘ ZŝŐŚƚƐĂŶĚWĞƌŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ dŚĞŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůŝŶƚŚŝƐǁŽƌŬŝƐƐƵďũĞĐƚƚŽĐŽƉLJƌŝŐŚƚ͘ĞĐĂƵƐĞdŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞƐĚŝƐƐĞŵŝͲ ŶĂƟŽŶŽĨŝƚƐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ͕ƚŚŝƐǁŽƌŬŵĂLJďĞƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ͕ŝŶǁŚŽůĞŽƌŝŶƉĂƌƚ͕ĨŽƌŶŽŶĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů ƉƵƌƉŽƐĞƐĂƐůŽŶŐĂƐĨƵůůĂƩƌŝďƵƟŽŶƚŽƚŚŝƐǁŽƌŬŝƐŐŝǀĞŶ͘  ŶLJƋƵĞƌŝĞƐŽŶƌŝŐŚƚƐĂŶĚůŝĐĞŶƐĞƐ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƐƵďƐŝĚŝĂƌLJƌŝŐŚƚƐ͕ƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞĚƚŽ ƚŚĞKĸĐĞŽƌƚŚĞWƵďůŝƐŚĞƌ͕dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬ͕ϭϴϭϴ,^ƚƌĞĞƚEt͕tĂƐŚŝŶŐƚŽŶ͕ϮϬϰϯϯ͕h^͖ĨĂdž͗ ϮϬϮͲϱϮϮͲϮϰϮϮ͖ĞͲŵĂŝů͗ƉƵďƌŝŐŚƚƐΛǁŽƌůĚďĂŶŬ͘ŽƌŐ͘ 4 ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ;ZͿWƌŽŐƌĂŵ ďŽƵƚdŚŝƐDĂŶƵĂů dŚŝƐŵĂŶƵĂůƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐƚŚĞŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐĨŽƌĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ ƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ;ZͿWƌŽŐƌĂŵ͛ƐĮƌƐƚŵĂũŽƌƚŽŽůƚŽĂŝĚŝŶĂƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞŝŶĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͘ dŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƌĂƉŝĚĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚŚĞůƉƐďŽƚŚŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ;Ğ͘Ő͘DŝŶŝƐͲ ƚƌŝĞƐŽĨĚƵĐĂƟŽŶͿĂŶĚƐĐŚŽŽůƐƚŽŝĚĞŶƟĨLJƚŚĞƌŝƐŬƐĐŽŶĨƌŽŶƟŶŐĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐͶĞƐƉĞͲ ĐŝĂůůLJƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͘/ƚĂůƐŽƉŽŝŶƚƐƚŽƚŚĞĂƐƐĞƚƐĂŶĚƉŽƐŝƟǀĞĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚŝŶƐĐŚŽŽůƐĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ͕ŝĨƌĞĐŽŐŶŝnjĞĚĂŶĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚ͕ĐĂŶŵĂŬĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐŵŽƌĞƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚĂŶĚĞĨͲ ĨĞĐƟǀĞŝŶĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐŽĨĂĚǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͘/ŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶƚŽƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣĞǀĂůƵĂƟŽŶ͕ZŝƐĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐƚŽŽůƐƚŽ 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ĂŶĚĨŽƐƚĞƌĞĚͶĐĂŶŶŽƚŽŶůLJƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŚĞƌĞĐŽǀĞƌLJŽĨĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐLJƐƚĞŵƐĂŌĞƌĐƌŝƐŝƐ͕ďƵƚĐĂŶĂůƐŽ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞƚŽƉŽƐŝƟǀĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞĂŶĚůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐ͘ പ 8 ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ;ZͿWƌŽŐƌĂŵ ďŽƵƚƚŚĞdĞĐŚŶŝĐĂůĞƐŝŐŶdĞĂŵ Joel E. Reyes ^ĞŶŝŽƌ/ŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĂůĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ^ƉĞĐŝĂůŝƐƚ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕,ƵŵĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚEĞƚǁŽƌŬ͕dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬ͕tĂƐŚŝŶŐƚŽŶ͕͘͘ Linda Liebenberg ŽͲĚŝƌĞĐƚŽƌ ZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌ͕^ĐŚŽŽůŽĨ^ŽĐŝĂůtŽƌŬ͕ĂůŚŽƵƐŝĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͕ĂŶĂĚĂ Darlyn Meza ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ^ƉĞĐŝĂůŝƐƚĂŶĚŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚ͕ů^ĂůǀĂĚŽƌ 9 Z^ͲϯϲϬ϶͗ZĂƉŝĚƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚDĂŶƵĂů 10 ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ;ZͿWƌŽŐƌĂŵ ĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞŵĞŶƚƐ DĂŶLJƉĞŽƉůĞŚĂǀĞƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚǀĂůƵĂďůĞŝŶƉƵƚƐĂŶĚƐƵŐŐĞƐƟŽŶƐĨŽƌƚŚĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞZ WƌŽŐƌĂŵ͘WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌƚŚĂŶŬƐĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƚŚĞĐŽŶĐĞƉƚŶŽƚĞƉĞĞƌƌĞǀŝĞǁĞƌƐ͗,ĂůƐĞLJZŽŐĞƌƐ͕ŵŝůŝĂŶĂ sĞŐĂƐĂŶĚDĂƌƚŚĂ>ĂǀĞƌĚĞ͘ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚ<ŝŶŐ͕,ĂƌƌLJWĂƚƌŝŶŽƐĂŶĚZŽďŝŶ,ŽƌŶŚĂǀĞƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚŝŵƉŽƌƚͲ ĂŶƚŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĂŶĚƐƵƉĞƌǀŝƐĞĚƚŚĞŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚŝƐƉƌŽŐƌĂŵ͘ZŝĐŚĂƌĚƌĚĞŶ͕ DŝĐŚĞůtĞůŵŽŶĚĂŶĚDĂƌƚŚĂ>ĂǀĞƌĚĞǁĞƌĞŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚĂůŝŶƐĞƫŶŐƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚǁŽƌŬĨŽƌƚŚŝƐ ƐƚƵĚLJďLJƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŝƌƌĞƐƉĞĐƟǀĞĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ͘sĞƌŽŶŝĐĂDŝŶĂLJĂ͕:Ž<ĞůĐĞLJĂŶĚ ŶĚƌĞĂŝĂnjsĂƌĞůĂƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚŝŶƚŚĞůŝƚĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƌĞǀŝĞǁĂŶĚƌĞƉŽƌƚƉƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚůŝƐĞ ŐŽƵŵĞͲŽƐƐŽŐŽĂŶĚdĂŶŝĂ&ƌĂŐŶĂƵĚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚƚŚĞůŽŐŝƐƟĐƐĂŶĚĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟǀĞƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ͘ ^ƉĞĐŝĂůƚŚĂŶŬƐĂƌĞĂůƐŽĚƵĞƚŽƚŚĞƐƚĂīĂŶĚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐŽĨĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐLJƐƚĞŵƐǁŚĞƌĞƉĂƌƚƐŽĨƚŚĞ ZWƌŽŐƌĂŵĂŶĚŝƚƐƚŽŽůƐǁĞƌĞƉŝůŽƚĞĚ͗ƚŚĞhEZtĚƵĐĂƟŽŶWƌŽŐƌĂŵŝŶƚŚĞtĞƐƚĂŶŬ͕'ĂnjĂ ĂŶĚ:ŽƌĚĂŶ͖ƚŚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌŝĂƚŝŶ,ŽŶĚƵƌĂƐĂŶĚƚŚĞWĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͞&ƌĂŶĐŝƐĐŽ DŽƌĂnjĂŶ͕͟ĂŶĚƚŚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨ:ƵďĂŝŶ^ŽƵƚŚ^ƵĚĂŶ͘dŚĞZWƌŽŐƌĂŵǁŽƵůĚŶŽƚŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶ ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚƚŚĞƐƵƉƉŽƌƚŽĨƚŚĞĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚƐƚŚĂƚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞǀĂůƵĂďůĞĂĚǀŝĐĞĂŶĚůŽĐĂůĮĞůĚĚĂƚĂ ĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶƚĞĂŵƐ͘^ƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐĂŶĚƐĐŚŽŽůƉƌŝŶĐŝƉĂůƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJƐƚĂīŐƌĂĐŝŽƵƐůLJ ĂůůŽǁĞĚƵƐŝŶƚŽƚŚĞŝƌĐůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵƐĂŶĚŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐĂŶĚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚǀĂůƵĂďůĞƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞƐŝŶƚŽƚŚĞŝƌ ŽŌĞŶĚŝĸĐƵůƚůŝǀĞƐĂŶĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ͘ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚŝƐǁŽƌŬǁĂƐƉŽƐƐŝďůĞŽŶůLJ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨƚŚĞŝƌǁŝůůŝŶŐŶĞƐƐƚŽƐŚĂƌĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŝŶƐŝŐŚƚƐĂŶĚĨĞĞĚďĂĐŬĂďŽƵƚǁŚĂƚŚĞůƉĞĚƚŚĞŵ ůĞĂƌŶ͘ &ŝŶĂůůLJ͕ƚŚŝƐǁŽƌŬǁĂƐŵĂĚĞƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞh<ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚĨŽƌ/ŶƚĞƌͲ ŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ;&/ͿƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞ&/ʹtŽƌůĚĂŶŬWĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉĨŽƌĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĞǀĞůͲ ŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞZĂƉŝĚ^ŽĐŝĂůZĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ;Z^ZͿWƌŽŐƌĂŵƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚďLJEŽƌǁĂLJĂŶĚƚŚĞZƵƐƐŝĂŶ &ĞĚĞƌĂƟŽŶ͘ 11 Z^ͲϯϲϬ϶͗ZĂƉŝĚƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚDĂŶƵĂů 12 ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ;ZͿWƌŽŐƌĂŵ ŽŶƚĞŶƚƐ /ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ϭϱ KŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞϯϲϬΣDĂŶƵĂů ϭϴ ŚĂƉƚĞƌ/͘ƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚĂƚƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂů>ĞǀĞů Ϯϱ /͘/ZĞǀŝĞǁŽĨŶĂƟŽŶĂůĚĂƚĂ Ϯϱ /͘//EĂƟŽŶĂůůĞǀĞůĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉϮϳ /͘///ƌŝƚĞƌŝĂĨŽƌƐĞůĞĐƟŶŐƚŚĞƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞͲĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐĂŶĚƚŚĞƐĂŵƉůĞĨŽƌŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŽĨƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞ Ϯϴ ŚĂƉƚĞƌ//͘ƌŝƟĐĂůĂƐĞ^ĐŚŽŽůYƵĂůŝƚĂƟǀĞƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ Ϯϵ //͘/^ĐŚŽŽůǀŝƐŝƚƚŽďƵŝůĚƚƌƵƐƚ͕ŽďƐĞƌǀĞĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶůŽŐŝƐƟĐƐ ϯϬ //͘///ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶƟĂůǁŽƌŬƐŚŽƉƐ ϯϭ //͘////ŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁƐǁŝƚŚĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐĂƚƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶƚLJůĞǀĞů ϯϮ ŚĂƉƚĞƌ///͘ĞƐŝŐŶŽĨƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣYƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞĂŶĚ^ƵƌǀĞLJĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶϯϰ ///͘/Z^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞĚĞƐŝŐŶ  ϯϰ ///͘//ĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞƐŝŶƚŚĞƐĂŵƉůĞŽĨƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚƐĐŚŽŽůƐ ϯϱ ///͘///ŶĂůLJƐŝƐŽĨƚŚĞĚĂƚĂĨƌŽŵƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞƐϯϳ ŚĂƉƚĞƌ/s͘/ŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶŽĨ&ŝŶĚŝŶŐƐĂŶĚDŽďŝůŝnjĂƟŽŶŽĨ<ŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ϰϭ /s͘/ZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞDŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͗ŽƵŶƚƌLJZĞƉŽƌƚ ϰϭ /s͘//ZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŶŐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐĂŶĚƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͗^ĐŚŽŽůƌĞƉŽƌƚ ϰϯ ZĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ ϰϱ 13 Z^ͲϯϲϬ϶͗ZĂƉŝĚƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚDĂŶƵĂů 14 ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ;ZͿWƌŽŐƌĂŵ /ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ dŚĞZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞŝŶĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ^LJƐƚĞŵƐϯϲϬΣĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ;Z^ͲϯϲϬΣͿĂŝŵƐƚŽƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƵĂůŝnjĞĚ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐLJƐƚĞŵƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐŽĨƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͕ ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐƚŽƌĞĐŽǀĞƌ͕ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJ͕ĂŶĚƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵƉŽƐŝƟǀĞůLJŝŶĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐ ŽĨĂĚǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͘/ĚĞŶƟĨLJŝŶŐĂŶĚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƌŝƐŬƐ͕ĂƐƐĞƚƐ͕ĂŶĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚŝŶ ƐĐŚŽŽůƐĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐĐĂŶŚĞůƉĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐLJƐƚĞŵƐĚĞůŝǀĞƌƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐŽĨŚŝŐŚƋƵĂůŝƚLJ ĨŽƌůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͕ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞǁĞůůͲďĞŝŶŐŽĨƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐŝŶĚŝĸĐƵůƚƐŝƚƵͲ ĂƟŽŶƐ͘ZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞŝƐ͕ƉƌĞĐŝƐĞůLJ͕ƚŚĞĂďŝůŝƚLJƚŽƌĞĐŽǀĞƌĂŶĚƉĞƌĨŽƌŵŝŶĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐŽĨĂĚǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͘ KǀĞƌƚŚĞƉĂƐƚϰϬLJĞĂƌƐ͕ŶƵŵĞƌŽƵƐƐƚƵĚŝĞƐŚĂǀĞĂŝŵĞĚĂƚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐǁŚĂƚƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞŝƐĂŶĚ ŚŽǁŝƚĐĂŶďĞĨŽƐƚĞƌĞĚ͘dŽĚĂLJ͕ǁĞŬŶŽǁƚŚĂƚƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞŝƐŶŽƚĂƐƵƉĞƌŚƵŵĂŶŐŝŌ͕ĂƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌƚƌĂŝƚ ŽƌĂĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƉŽƐƐĞƐƐĞĚďLJŽŶůLJĂĨĞǁƉĞŽƉůĞ͘ZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞŝƐĞdžƉƌĞƐƐĞĚĚĂŝůLJŝŶŝŶƚĞƌƉĞƌƐŽŶĂů ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐƚŽŵĂŶĂŐĞƚŚĞĂĚǀĞƌƐŝƟĞƐǁĞĨĂĐĞ͕ƚŽĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŽƵƌĞŵŽƟŽŶƐƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ͕ĂŶĚƚŽĚĞǀĞůͲ ŽƉƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚĐŽŵƉĞƚĞŶĐLJĂŶĚƐŬŝůůƐ͘ůĂƌŐĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƐƚƵĚŝĞƐŚĂǀĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚƐĐŚŽŽůƐĂŶĚƚĞĂĐŚͲ ĞƌƐĂƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƉůĂLJĞƌƐŝŶƚŚĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞŝŶĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ĂĚŽůĞƐĐĞŶƚƐ͕ĂŶĚLJŽƵƚŚ͘/Ŷ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͕ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞĐĂŶďĞĨŽƐƚĞƌĞĚďLJƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ͕ƋƵĂůŝƚLJƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐĚĞĚŝĐĂƚͲ ĞĚƚŽƐƚƵĚĞŶƚůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͕ƐĂĨĞƚLJĂŶĚƐŽĐŝŽĞŵŽƟŽŶĂůǁĞůůͲďĞŝŶŐ͘ dŚĞŽďũĞĐƟǀĞŽĨƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚŝƐƚŽŚĞůƉĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐLJƐƚĞŵƐĐŽůůĞĐƚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƌĞͲ ŐĂƌĚŝŶŐ͗ ͻ ƚŚĞƌŝƐŬƐƚŚĂƚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ĂŶĚƉĂƌĞŶƚƐĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌƚŽďĞĂƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJ͕ĂŶĚ ͻ ƚŚĞĂƐƐĞƚƐĂŶĚŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐŝŶƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJƵƐĞĚďLJƚŚĞŵƚŽĐŽŶĨƌŽŶƚĂĚǀĞƌͲ ƐŝƟĞƐ͘ dŚĞƵůƟŵĂƚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚŝƐƚŽĂůŝŐŶ ĞdžŝƐƟŶŐĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ;ĨŽƌĂĐĐĞƐƐ͕ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͕ƐĐŚŽŽůŵĂŶĂŐĞͲ Why an “Approach”? ŵĞŶƚĂŶĚƐĐŚŽŽůͲĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐͿǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐŽĨ An approach is not a ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐĂŶĚƐĐŚŽŽůƐƚĂī͕ƚŽŵŝƟŐĂƚĞƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJƌŝƐŬƐĂŶĚƚŽ rigid method, formula or ĨŽƐƚĞƌĂƐƐĞƚƐĂŶĚƉŽƐŝƟǀĞĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚŝŶƐĐŚŽŽůƐĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝͲ ŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶ͕ďƵƚƌĂƚŚĞƌ ƟĞƐ͘ ƉƌŽƉŽƐĞƐĂĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶĂŶĚ a lens through which dŚĞĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐŽĨĂĚǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͕ƌŝƐŬ͕ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐĂŶĚ ƚŽďĞƩĞƌƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚĂ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĚĞƉĞŶĚŽŶĂƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶ͕ĐŽŶƚĞdžƚĂŶĚĐƵůƚƵƌĞ͘ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌƉƌŽďůĞŵĂŶĚ dŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕ƚŚĞƚŽŽůƐƚŚĂƚŵĂŬĞƵƉƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚĂƌĞ ĮŶĚĐƌĞĂƟǀĞƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐ͘ ĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚƚŽďĞĂĚĂƉƚĞĚĂŶĚŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĞĚŝŶǁĂLJƐƚŚĂƚŵĂŬĞ tŚŝůĞƐŽŵĞŐůŽďĂůƌĞƐŝů- ƐĞŶƐĞůŽĐĂůůLJ͘dŚŝƐŵĂŶƵĂůƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐĂƐLJƐƚĞŵĂƟĐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐƚŽŚĞůƉ ience principles serve as ůŽĐĂůĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂĐĐĞůĞƌĂƚĞƚŚĞĚĞƐŝŐŶƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĨŽƌƚŚĞĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ guides—such as focusing ĂŶĚĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐŽĨƌŝƐŬƐ͕ĂƐƐĞƚƐĂŶĚƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ͘ ŽŶĂƐƐĞƚƐŝŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ dŚĞƌŝƐŬĂŶĚƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƌĞǀŝĞǁŝƐĚŽŶĞůŽĐĂůůLJĂŶĚŶĂƟŽŶĂůůLJ͕ŝŶ to risks—the ERA tools ĐŽŶũƵŶĐƟŽŶǁŝƚŚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌŝĞƐŽĨĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ƐĐŚŽŽůƐĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝͲ ƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƐĞĞŶĂƐŇĞdžŝ- ƟĞƐ͘ ďůĞŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚƐƚŚĂƚĐĂŶ ďĞĂĚĂƉƚĞĚƚŽƐƵŝƚĞĂĐŚ ůŽĐĂůĐŽŶƚĞdžƚ͘ ϭϱ Z^ͲϯϲϬ϶͗ZĂƉŝĚƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚDĂŶƵĂů d,ZKEWdh>&ZDtKZ< dŚĞZWƌŽŐƌĂŵĨŽƌŵƐƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞǁŝĚĞƌ^LJƐƚĞŵƐƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĨŽƌĞƩĞƌĚƵĐĂƟŽŶZĞƐƵůƚƐ;Žƌ^Ͳ ZͿ͕ĂŶĚƐŚĂƌĞƐŝƚƐƐLJƐƚĞŵͲǁŝĚĞĨŽĐƵƐĂŶĚƵůƟŵĂƚĞŽƵƚĐŽŵĞŽĨŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚͶůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĂŶĚƐĐŚŽŽů ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐ͘,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ƚŚĞZĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƵĂůĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐŝĐĂůůLJĚŝīĞƌƐĨƌŽŵŽƚŚĞƌĚŽŵĂŝŶƐ ŝŶƚŚƌĞĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚǁĂLJƐ;ƐĞĞĂůƐŽZĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬĮŐƵƌĞ͕ďĞůŽǁͿ͗ ŝ͘ ZƵƐĞƐĂŶŝŶĚƵĐƟǀĞĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚƚŽĚĞĮŶĞƚŚĞƐƉĞĐŝĮĐƐŽĨƚŚĞŐĞŶĞƌĂůƉŽůŝĐLJŐŽĂůƐƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ͕ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶŽĨůŽĐĂůůLJƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚĂŶĚĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƵĂůŝnjĞĚĚĂƚĂƚŽĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐŽĨĨƌĂŐŝůŝͲ ƚLJ͕ĐŽŶŇŝĐƚĂŶĚǀŝŽůĞŶĐĞ͖ ŝŝ͘ dŚĞĨŽƵƌƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚŝŶŐůĞǀĞƌƐƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƚŚĞŐƵŝĚŝŶŐƋƵĞƐͲ ƟŽŶƐƚŽĐŽůůĞĐƚůŽĐĂůůLJƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚĚĂƚĂĂƚŵƵůƟƉůĞůĞǀĞůƐŽĨĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ;ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚ͕ƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽů͕ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂŶĚƚŚĞŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĂůĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚͿ͖ĂŶĚ ŝŝŝ͘ 'ŝǀĞŶƚŚĞĐŽŵƉůĞdžŝƚLJŽĨŝƐƐƵĞƐĂŶĚŵƵůƟƉůĞůĞǀĞůƐŽĨĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐŝŶƚŚĞƐƚƵĚLJŽĨƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ͕Z ƐĞƌǀĞƐĂƐŐƵŝĚĞƚŽƉƌĞƉĂƌĞǀĂƌŝŽƵƐĐĂƐĞƌĞƉŽƌƚƐŝŶĂĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ͕ǁŚŝĐŚĐĂŶďĞĂŐŐƌĞŐĂƚĞĚĂƐŽŶĞ ŐĞŶĞƌĂůŽƵŶƚƌLJZĞƉŽƌƚ͕ŝŶůŝŶĞǁŝƚŚƚŚŽƐĞƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚďLJŽƚŚĞƌ^ZĚŽŵĂŝŶƐ͘ ZĞŇĞĐƟǀĞŽĨƚŚĞĐŽŵƉůĞdžŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚĨƌŽŵĂƐLJƐƚĞŵƐĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚŝŶƚĞŶĚĞĚƚŽ ĨŽƐƚĞƌƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ͕ĂŶĚŝŶŽƌĚĞƌƚŽŵĂŶĂŐĞƚŚĞŵŽƌĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐŽĨĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚƐŝŶ ĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐŽĨĂĐƵƚĞŽƌĐŚƌŽŶŝĐĐƌŝƐĞƐ͕ŵŝdžĞĚͲŵĞƚŚŽĚƐĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐĂƌĞƵƐĞĚƚŽĐŽůůĞĐƚĞǀŝĚĞŶĐĞ͘ dŚĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌĐŽŵďŝŶĂƟŽŶŽĨŵŝdžĞĚͲŵĞƚŚŽĚƐĨŽƌƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣŝƐŐƌŽƵŶĚĞĚŝŶŝŶŝƟĂůƋƵĂůŝƚĂƟǀĞ ĚĂƚĂĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶƚŽďĞƩĞƌĐĂƉƚƵƌĞƚŚĞĐŽŵƉůĞdžŝƚLJĂŶĚĚLJŶĂŵŝƐŵŽĨƌŝƐŬƐ͕ĂƐƐĞƚƐĂŶĚƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐ͕ĨŽůůŽǁĞĚďLJĂŶŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚƋƵĂŶƟƚĂƟǀĞƉŚĂƐĞ͘dŚŝƐĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚŝƐƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚĂďůĞ ďĞůŽǁ͘ YƵĂůŝƚĂƚŝǀĞ YƵĂŶƟƚĂƟǀĞ ;/ŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁƐĂŶĚĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐͿ (360ΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞͿ ͻ dŽŐĂƚŚĞƌŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞĐŽŶƚĞdžƚĂŶĚƚŽ ͻ /ŶŽƌĚĞƌƚŽĐŽůůĞĐƚƋƵĂŶƟĮĂďůĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŽŶ ĞŶƐƵƌĞĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƵĂůŝnjĞĚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ƚŚĞŵĂŝŶŝƐƐƵĞƐ;ƌŝƐŬƐ͕ĂƐƐĞƚƐͿŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚŝŶƚŚĞ ƋƵĂůŝƚĂƟǀĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ͻ dŽƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞĚLJŶĂŵŝĐĂƐƉĞĐƚƐŽĨƌĞƐŝůͲ ͻ dŽŐĞŶĞƌĂůŝnjĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚǀĂƌŝĂďůĞƐŽĨƚŚĞ ŝĞŶĐĞŝŶĂƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌĐŽŶƚĞdžƚ;ƐƵĐŚĂƐƐĐŚŽŽůʹ ĚLJŶĂŵŝĐĂƐƉĞĐƚƐŝŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶͲĐŽƵŶƚƌLJĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐͿ ;ŽƚŚĞƌƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͕ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ͕ƌĞŐŝŽŶƐͿ ͻ dŽŝĚĞŶƟĨLJƚŚĞĐĂƵƐĂůĨĂĐƚŽƌƐĂƐƉĞƌƚŚĞƉĞƌͲ ͻ dŽƐƚĂƟƐƟĐĂůůLJƚĞƐƚǁŚĞƚŚĞƌƚŚĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚ ƐƉĞĐƟǀĞŽĨƚŚĞĂīĞĐƚĞĚƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ;ǁŚĂƚĚŽ ĐĂƵƐĂůĨĂĐƚŽƌƐĂƌĞƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ;ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĐŽƌƌĞůĂͲ ƚŚĞLJĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌƚŽďĞƚŚĞŵĂŝŶƌĞĂƐŽŶƐĨŽƌƚŚĞ ƟŽŶƐĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐͿǁŚĞŶƐƚĂƟƐƟĐĂůůLJƌĞůͲ ĂĚǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͕ĨŽƌƚŚĞŝƌĂƐƐĞƚƐ͕ĨŽƌƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚƐĞƌͲ ĞǀĂŶƚƐĂŵƉůĞƐƐŝnjĞƐĂŶĚƌĂŶĚŽŵŝnjĞĚĚĞƐŝŐŶƐ ǀŝĐĞƐ͍Ϳ ĂƌĞƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ dŚŝƐĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚͶǁŚŝĐŚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŇĞdžŝďůĞ͕ƌŝŐŽƌŽƵƐĂŶĚůŽĐĂůůLJƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚͶĂůůŽǁƐĨŽƌƚŚĞŐĞŶĞƌĂͲ ƟŽŶŽĨŵƵůƟƉůĞĐĂƐĞƐƚƵĚŝĞƐŝŶĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐŽĨĂĚǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͘dŚŝƐĐĂŶƚŚĞŶŚĞůƉƚŽĮůůĂƚĞŵƉŝƌŝĐĂůĞǀŝͲ ĚĞŶĐĞŐĂƉƐĂƚƚŚĞŐůŽďĂůůĞǀĞůŽŶŚŽǁĂĚǀĞƌƐŝƟĞƐĂīĞĐƚůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐ;ĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌŝŶĚŝĐĂƚŽƌƐ ŽĨƐĐŚŽŽůƐƵĐĐĞƐƐͿĂŶĚĐĂŶŝĚĞŶƟĨLJƚĂŶŐŝďůĞǁĂLJƐĨŽƌǁĂƌĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝͲ ƟĞƐĂŶĚƐŽĐŝĞƟĞƐĂīĞĐƚĞĚďLJŝƚ͘ ϭϲ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ;ZͿWƌŽŐƌĂŵ dŚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ RESILIENCE RESILIENCE LEVERS POLICY GOALS COMPONENTS Education in ͻWhat adversities students face Manage and adversity ͻHow the education system is addressing risks in schools minimize risks ͻHow students seek resilience through control, Assets and competence and being accountable Use and ͻHow students seek resilience through their socio- protect assets engagement emotional well-being via engagement with others (peers, teachers, families, etc.) and identity formation process Relevant ͻHow schools provide support and opportunities to Foster school- school & students through actions or approaches regarding community access, permanence, teaching and learning community ͻHow school and community partnerships support support Education resilience support student outcomes in contexts of adversity in spite of adversity Positive learning outcomes Aligned ͻHow the education system provides a strategic direction for relevant education in adversity contexts Deliver resilience education ͻHow education programs integrate learning, socioemotional well-being and protection aligned services system ͻWhat human, material and financial resources are support accessible to support at-risk education communities dŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣĨŽĐƵƐĞƐŽŶĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐϭĂŶĚϰ͘ Z^ͲϯϲϬ϶͗ZĂƉŝĚƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚDĂŶƵĂů 17 KŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞϯϲϬΣDĂŶƵĂů dŚŝƐŵĂŶƵĂůŐƵŝĚĞƐƚŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĨŽƌƐŚŽƌƚ;ϰͲϲǁĞĞŬͿͲƚŽŵĞĚŝƵŵ;ϮͲϲŵŽŶƚŚͿͲƚĞƌŵĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ ŽĨĞǀŝĚĞŶĐĞŽŶƚŚĞƌŝƐŬƐƚŚĂƚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĨĂĐĞ͕ĂŶĚŽŶƚŚĞŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐĂŶĚĂƐƐĞƚƐĂƚƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽů ĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJůĞǀĞůƚŽŵŝƟŐĂƚĞƚŚĞƐĞƌŝƐŬƐ͕ŝŶŽƌĚĞƌƚŽƉƌŽǀŝĚĞŵŽƌĞƐLJƐƚĞŵĂƟĐĂŶĚƐLJƐƚĞŵŝĐ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚďLJĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͘ dŚĞƌĂƉŝĚĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚŽĨƌŝƐŬƐĂŶĚƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞŝƐĂŝŵĞĚĂƚƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐĨŽƌĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͗ ͻ dŽŝŶĨŽƌŵĂŶĚƉƌŽŵŽƚĞĂƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞŝŶĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ͻ dŽŝĚĞŶƟĨLJƚŚĞĐŽŵŵŽŶŐƌŽƵŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƌŝƐŬƐŶŽƚĞĚŝŶĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐĞĐƚŽƌƉůĂŶƐĂŶĚƚŚĞ ƌŝƐŬƐƚŚĂƚLJŽƵŶŐƉĞŽƉůĞĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĨLJĂƐƉƌĞǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶƚŚĞŝƌůŝǀĞƐ ͻ dŽƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĐŽŶƚĞdžƚͲďĂƐĞĚĞdžĂŵƉůĞƐŽĨĞdžŝƐƟŶŐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂŶĚƐĐŚŽŽůĂƐƐĞƚƐƚŚĂƚĐŽƵůĚŝŶͲ ĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞĞīĞĐƟǀĞŶĞƐƐŽĨĐƵƌƌĞŶƚŽƌŶĞǁĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐŝŶĂĚǀĞƌƐĞƌĞĂůŝƟĞƐ ͻ dŽƵƌŐĞŵŽƌĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚƐƚŚĂƚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ ŝŶƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐLJƐƚĞŵ dŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐŇĞdžŝďůĞĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐƚŽƵƐŝŶŐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŐĂƚŚĞƌĞĚĨƌŽŵĞdžͲ ŝƐƟŶŐĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞƐ͕ŝŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁƐĂŶĚĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐĂŶĚĨƌŽŵĂůŽĐĂůůLJĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚƐƵƌǀĞLJ;ƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞͿ͘dŚŝƐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŝƐĐŽůůĞĐƚĞĚĂŶĚĂŶĂůLJnjĞĚůŽĐĂůůLJĂŶĚĐĂŶƌĞƐƉŽŶĚ͕ĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞ͕ ƚŽƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐŶĞĞĚƐ͗ ͻ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐŝŶƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĂƋƵŝĐŬƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ ͻ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐŝŶƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚƐĞĞŬƚŽĞŵƉŽǁĞƌƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐƚŽŝĚĞŶƟĨLJƚŚĞŬĞLJƌŝƐŬƐƚŚĞLJĂƌĞ ĨĂĐŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĂŶĚĐŽƉŝŶŐƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ͻ ůŝŐŶŝŶŐĐƵƌƌĞŶƚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐǁŝƚŚůŽĐĂůĞīŽƌƚƐŝŶƐĐŚŽŽůƐĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐĨŽƌŵŽƌĞ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐŝŶĂĚǀĞƌƐĞƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐ ͻ WƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐĞǀŝĚĞŶĐĞƚŽŵŝŶŝƐƚƌŝĞƐŽĨĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƚŽĨŽƐƚĞƌƚŚĞŝƌĐŽŵŵŝƚŵĞŶƚƚŽƐƵƉƉŽƌƚůŽŶŐͲ ƚĞƌŵĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐŽƌŝĞŶƚĞĚƚŽǁĂƌĚƐƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ͕ƌŝƐŬŵŝƟŐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƉƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶ͘ dŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣŵĂƉƉŝŶŐĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚŚĂƐƚŚƌĞĞƐƚĂŐĞƐ͗ ͻ ZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞĂŶĚƌŝƐŬŵĂƉƉŝŶŐĂƚƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĞǀĞů ͻ ZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞĂŶĚƌŝƐŬŵĂƉƉŝŶŐĂƚƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůůĞǀĞů ͻ ZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞĂŶĚƌŝƐŬĂůŝŐŶŵĞŶƚĂƚƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚƐĐŚŽŽůůĞǀĞůƐ ĂĐŚƐƚĂŐĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐĂƐĞƚŽĨƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĂůŐƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐĨŽƌŵĂƉƉŝŶŐ;ĚĂƚĂĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶĂŶĚĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐͿ ĂŶĚĂůůƐƚĂŐĞƐĂƌĞƌĞŇĞĐƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐƵďŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŽŵŝŶŝƐƚƌŝĞƐŽĨĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƐĐŚŽŽůƐ ;ŵŽďŝůŝnjĂƟŽŶŽĨŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞͿ͘ dŚŝƐŵĂŶƵĂůŝƐĚŝǀŝĚĞĚŝŶƚŽĨŽƵƌĐŚĂƉƚĞƌƐ͗ ŚĂƉƚĞƌ/ĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞƐƚŚĞŵĂƉƉŝŶŐƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞĂƚƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĞǀĞůĂŶĚŝŶǀŽůǀĞƐĂƌĞǀŝĞǁŽĨĞdžŝƐƚͲ ŝŶŐŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĞǀĞůĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞƐĂŶĚŽĨĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉŝŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁƐǁŝƚŚŬĞLJŽĸĐŝĂůƐŽĨƚŚĞůŽĐĂůŵŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ;DŽͿ͘dŚĞƌĞǀŝĞǁĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĞǀĞůĚĂƚĂĂŶĚĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉŝŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁƐĂƌĞĂŝŵĞĚĂƚ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŝŶŐƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ͗ 18 ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ;ZͿWƌŽŐƌĂŵ ͻ ƚLJƉŽůŽŐLJŽĨŶĂƟŽŶĂůƌŝƐŬƐ ͻ dŚĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŽĨĞdžŝƐƟŶŐĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐĂŶĚƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐƚŽƉƌŽƚĞĐƚĂŐĂŝŶƐƚƚŚĞŶĂͲ ƟŽŶĂůůLJŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚƌŝƐŬƐ ͻ dŚĞĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŵĞŶƚŽĨƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJƌŝƐŬƐĂŶĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƟǀĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐĂƐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚďLJƚŚĞ DŽĨŽƌŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶŝŶƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞĨŽƌƐĐŚŽŽůƐ ŚĂƉƚĞƌ//ĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞƐƚŚĞŝŶŝƟĂůŵĂƉƉŝŶŐƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐĂƚƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJůĞǀĞů͘/ƚǁŝůůĞdžƉůĂŝŶƚŚĞĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂĂŶĚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚĨŽƌ Risks: ĐŽůůĞĐƟŶŐƋƵĂůŝƚĂƟǀĞĚĂƚĂ;ŝŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁƐĂŶĚĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐͿĨƌŽŵĐƌŝƟĐĂů ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶƐŽĨ ĐĂƐĞƐƚŚĂƚĞdžĞŵƉůŝĨLJƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞŝŶĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJĚŝĸĐƵůƚĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ͘ risk are integral to /ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƌŝƐŬƐĂŶĚĂƐƐĞƚƐ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ͕ŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚ any discussion of ŝŶƚŚĞĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐǁŝůůďĞŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚŝŶƚŽĂĐŽŶƚĞdžƚͲďĂƐĞĚ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ͘dŚĞƐĞ ƐĐŚŽŽůƐƵƌǀĞLJ͗ƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞ͘dŚŝƐƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞǁŝůů ƌŝƐŬƐŶĞĞĚŶŽƚďĞ ŚĞůƉƚŽŐĞŶĞƌĂůŝnjĞƚŚŝƐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŝŶĂůĂƌŐĞƌŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƐĐŚŽŽůƐĂŶĚŝƐ ƌĞůĂƚĞĚƚŽĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞĚĨƵƌƚŚĞƌŝŶŚĂƉƚĞƌ///͘ alone, rather they ŽŌĞŶŽĐĐƵƌŝŶĂŶĂ- dŚĞŝŶŝƟĂůƐĐŚŽŽůĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJŵĂƉƉŝŶŐƐĞĞŬƐƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐƌĞƐƵůƚƐ͗ ƟŽŶĂůŽƌĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ ĐŽŶƚĞdžƚ͘ ϭ͘ ƚLJƉŽůŽŐLJŽĨůŽĐĂůƌŝƐŬƐ Ϯ͘ dŚĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŽĨĞdžŝƐƟŶŐƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚƐĂŶĚĐŽƉŝŶŐƐƚƌĂƚͲ ĞŐŝĞƐŽĨƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ;ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂĐƚŽƌƐͿ ƚŽƉƌŽƚĞĐƚĂŐĂŝŶƐƚƚŚĞůŽĐĂůůLJŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚƌŝƐŬƐ ϯ͘ dŚĞĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŵĞŶƚŽĨůŽĐĂůůLJƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞĚƌŝƐŬƐĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJůĞǀĞůĂƐƐĞƚƐĂŶĚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐƚŽ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞŝŶƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞĨŽƌƐĐŚŽŽůƐ ŚĂƉƚĞƌ///ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐƚŚĞĚĞƐŝŐŶŐƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐĨŽƌĂĐŽŶƚĞdžƚͲďĂƐĞĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƐƵƌǀĞLJ͗ƚŚĞ Z^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞ͘dŚŝƐƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞŝƐĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚƚŽĐŽůůĞĐƚĚĂƚĂƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƌŝƐŬƐĂŶĚ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƐƐĞƚƐ;ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐͿĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚƚŽďĞŵŽƐƚƉƌĞǀĂůĞŶƚĂŶĚƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞ ůŽĐĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ͘ƐƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐůLJƐƚĂƚĞĚ͕ǁŚŝůĞƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐƚŚĞŽƉƉŽƌƚƵͲ ŶŝƚLJƚŽĐŽůůĞĐƚĂŶĚĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚĂƚĂĨƌŽŵĂůĂƌŐĞƌŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͕ƚŚĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞĐĂŶĂůƐŽďĞ ĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚĞƌĞĚƚŽŽŶůLJĂĨĞǁƉƵƌƉŽƐŝǀĞůLJƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͘ ŚĂƉƚĞƌ/sƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐŐƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐĨŽƌŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƟŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƚĂŐĂƚŚĞƌĞĚĨƌŽŵƐĞĐŽŶĚĂƌLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕ŝŶƚĞƌͲ ǀŝĞǁƐ͕ĂŶĚĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐ͕ĂŶĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƐƵƌǀĞLJĨŽƌĨĞĞĚďĂĐŬŽŶƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞĚ ďLJƚŚĞDŽĂŶĚƐĐŚŽŽůƐĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ͘ Resilience and ƐŵĞŶƟŽŶĞĚĞĂƌůŝĞƌ͕ƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚŝƐŇĞdžͲ outcomes: ŝďůĞĂŶĚŵŽĚƵůĂƌ͘ǀĞŶƚŚŽƵŐŚƚŚĞĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐĂƐƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚ Resilience itself is not an ŚĞƌĞĨŽůůŽǁĂƐĞƋƵĞŶƟĂůƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͕ĞĂĐŚĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚĐĂŶďĞĂƉƉůŝĞĚ outcome or a charac- ƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞůLJ͘ůƐŽ͕ďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƟŵĞĂŶĚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞƚŽĐŽŶͲ ƚĞƌŝƐƟĐŽĨĂŶŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂů͘ ĚƵĐƚƚŚĞĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ͕ĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐĐĂŶďĞĂĚĂƉƚĞĚŽƌŽŵŝƩĞĚ͘&Žƌ Rather resilience is a ĞdžĂŵƉůĞ͕ŝĨĐĂƌƌLJŝŶŐŽƵƚĂƌĞǀŝĞǁŽĨŶĂƟŽŶĂůĚĂƚĂŝƐŶŽƚƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ process that facilitates ďĞĐĂƵƐĞƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŶŽĨŽƌŵĂůƌĞƉŽƌƚƐŽƌĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ͕ƌĞͲ ƉŽƐŝƟǀĞŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐ ƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĐĂŶƉƌŽĐĞĞĚĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƚŚĞŵŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŝĂůĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉŝŶƚĞƌͲ ŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚŝŶĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐŽĨ ǀŝĞǁǁŚĞƌĞƉƌĞͲĞdžŝƐƟŶŐƌŝƐŬƐĂŶĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐĐĂŶďĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚƵƐŝŶŐ ĂĚǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͘ ŽŶůLJƚŚŝƐĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ͘^ŝŵŝůĂƌůLJ͕ƚŚĞĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚƚĞĂŵŵĂLJĚĞĐŝĚĞƚŽ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚŽŶůLJƚŚĞŝŶŝƟĂůĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐŽŶƚŚĞĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͘ 19 Z^ͲϯϲϬ϶͗ZĂƉŝĚƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚDĂŶƵĂů /ŶƚŚŝƐĐĂƐĞ͕ƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞŵĂLJďĞĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚďƵƚŶŽƚĂƉƉůŝĞĚƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞůLJƵŶƟů ůĂƚĞƌŽƌĂƉƉůŝĞĚŽŶůLJŝŶĂƐŵĂůůƐĂŵƉůĞŽĨƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͘ EKdKEKE^Ed dŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚďĞŐŝŶƐǁŝƚŚƐĞĐƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞĐŽŶƐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞDŽĂŶĚƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŶŐƐĐŚŽŽůƐ ƚŽĐŽŶĚƵĐƚŝŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁƐĂŶĚĂƉƉůLJƚŚĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞƐ͘/ĨĂƚĂůůƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ͕ƐŝŐŶŝŶŐŽĨĐŽŶƐĞŶƚůĞƩĞƌƐ ďLJƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚƐŝƐĂĚǀŝƐĂďůĞ͘&ŽƌŵŽƌĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŽŶƚŚŝƐƚŽƉŝĐ͕ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůLJǁŚĞŶĨĂĐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞ ĂďƐĞŶĐĞŽĨĂƌĞǀŝĞǁŝŶŐĞƚŚŝĐƐĐŽŵŵŝƩĞĞŝŶƚŚĞĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ͕ƉůĞĂƐĞƌĞĨĞƌƚŽƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƚŚŝĐƐŵĂƚĞƌŝͲ ĂůƐ͕ƐŽŵĞŽĨǁŚŝĐŚĂƌĞĐŝƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐƚŽƚŚŝƐŵĂŶƵĂů͘1 ϭ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞ͕>ŝŶĚĂ>ŝĞďĞŶďĞƌŐĂŶĚDŝĐŚĂĞůhŶŐĂƌ͕ƚŚŝĐĂůĐŽŶĐĞƌŶƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶŽĨŵĂƌŐŝŶĂůŝnjĞĚLJŽƵƚŚ in Research;ϮϬϭϭͿ͘ 20 ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ;ZͿWƌŽŐƌĂŵ CHAPTERIASSESSMENTATTHENATIONALLEVEL  I.IReviewofnationaldata I.IINationallevelfocusgroup   A.Risks:Identifythenationalrisks PROCESS: facingyouthandcommunitiesas 1. Presentabasicconceptualframework documentedinnationaldatabases oneducationresilienceandtheresults andreports. ofthenationaldatareviewonrisks.   B.Educationresponsesand 2. Discusstheresultsofthenationaldata programs: reviewonrisks,identifyingthe 1.Identifythedevelopmentstrategies nationalriskprioritiesoftheMoE. oftheMinistryofEducation.   2.ListriskͲrelevantnationaleducation 3. PresentriskͲrelatednational responsesandprogramsfundedby educationprogramsfundedbythe theMoE,internationalorganizations MoE,internationalorganizationsor orNGOs(forexample,programs NGOs. providingservicestopopulationsin  contextsofadversity,relatedto 4. Discussthenationalprograms, violence,malnutrition,poverty,etc.). prioritizingtheprotectionandrisk  preventionprogramsreachingthe 3.Identifyanyeducationprogramson school and community level. riskmitigationorpreventiontargeting theschoollevel.  C.Identifythelegalandpolicy frameworksrelatedtochildand I.IIISelectSchoolSamplesfor youthprotection,riskprevention, Assessments socialcohesion,etc. 1. Presentlocalassessmentoptions (criticalcaseschoolcriteriaandRESͲ 360oquestionnaire)—withtimeand resourcerequirements.  2. Discuss:Basedonsamplingcriteria, identifypotentialschoolsfor participation.  RESULTS: 1.TYPOLOGYOFNATIONALRISKS 2.IDENTIFICATIONOFNATIONALANDLOCALPROTECTIONANDPREVENTIONPROGRAMS 3.SELECTIONOFSAMPLESCHOOLSFORASSESSMENT INPUTSTODESIGNRESͲ360°QUESTIONNAIRE: Theprioritized nationalrisksand supportprogramsareusedtodesigntheRESͲ360°questionnaire. 21 Z^ͲϯϲϬ϶͗ZĂƉŝĚƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚDĂŶƵĂů CHAPTERIICRITICALCASESCHOOLASSESSMENT  II.I School Visit to Build Trust, Observe and Plan Logistics PRIMERAPARTE PROCESS:  Visit critical case schools that serve as models to Reviewobservationguidelines collect information about risks and resilience for tobeimplementedduring the RESͲ360° questionnaire. Establish a direct trust earlyschoolvisits. relationship with the principal and teachers, organize logistics observe and gauge the school environment. Presentsimpleresilience framework. II.IIInformativeandExperientialWorkshops Discusspersonalstoriesand experiencesaboutresilience. Conductinformativeandexperientialworkshops withtheeducationcommunityfocusingon x theconceptofresilience, x elementsthatclarifythedynamicsof 1.Presenttherationalefor studiesofresilienceͲcritical risk,and caseschools. x elementsthatclarifyopportunities.  2.Discussrisksattheschool level,takingintoaccount adversitiesintheschool,inthe communityandinthestudents' families. II.IIISchoolLevelInterviewsandFocusGroups  Conductfocusgroupsattheschoolandcommunity 3.Discussexistingassetsto levelwithkeyplayers(students,parentsand mitigaterisksandpositive teachers). engagementinschool community,familyand students.  3.Discusstherisksandassets identified,andprioritize5local risksand5localassetsfor o inclusioninRESͲ360  Questionnaire. RESULTS: 1.Typologyofrisksattheschoollevel 2.Typologyofschool,communityandfamilystrengths 3.Listofprotectionandpreventionprogramsthatarebeingimplementedintheschool InputstoDesignofRES360°questionnaire:Prioritizedschool/communityrisksand assets/opportunitiestomitigaterisksareusedtodesigntheRESͲ360°questionnaire. 22 ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ;ZͿWƌŽŐƌĂŵ › ’ CHAPTERIIIDESIGNOFTHERESͲ360°QUESTIONNAIREANDSURVEYADMINISTRATION   III.IDesignofRESͲ360°Questionnaire  Preparationofquestionnairesbasedon  ͻ SurveySectionA:Risks(nationaland informationcollectedthroughfocusgroup  local) interviewswiththeMinistryofEducation ͻ SurveySectionB:Assets  andcriticalcaseschoolcommunities.These (School/CommunityassetsandSupport sourcesservetodesignsurveyitemsfor:(i)  programsprovidedbytheMinistryof prioritizedrisks,(ii)localassets/strengths,  Education,NGOS,andothers) and(iii)nationalsupportprograms.     Context. Samplerepresentsschoolsin variouscontextsofadversityofthe  country III.IIRES360°SurveySampleSelectionand  Administration ͻ InformedConsent.Consentofthe  education communitytoparticipateto 1. Selectionofschoolsampleforthe RESͲ360questionnaires  be  secured   ͻ Access  and Trust.Beforeconductingthe 2. AdministrationofRESͲ360°  survey, preliminary visitsand Questionnaire informative/experientialworkshops  (similartothecriticalcaseschools)are  conducted     RISKS III.IIIAnalysisof360°SurveyData ͻ CriticalandLatentRisks:Nationaland  AnalysisofdatacollectedthroughtheRESͲ Local  360°questionnaire. ͻ CollectiveViewofRisks:Students, EstablishrecommendationsforMOEand  parents,teachersandschool participatingschoolcommunities  administrators  ͻ RiskLocation:Schools,Home,Streets  ASSETS  ͻ StudentIdentifiedLocalAssets:Assets  inschoolandcommunitytomitigate  risks ͻ CollectiveViewofAssets:students,  parents,teachersandschool  ͻ SupportPrograms:importanceand  availabilityinschools,communities,and  toadministrators    23 Z^ͲϯϲϬ϶͗ZĂƉŝĚƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚDĂŶƵĂů CHAPTERIVINTERPRETATIONOFFINDINGSANDMOBILIZATIONOFKNOWLEDGE   ReportfortheMinistryofEducationͲ Reportforschoolsandparticipating CountryReport  communitiesͲSchoolReport  A. Summaryof(1)criticaland  A. Summaryof(1)criticaland latentrisksfacedbystudents, latentrisksfacedbystudents, teachersandfamilies;(2)local  teachersandfamilies;(2)local resilientactions(assets);and  resilientactions(assets);and (3)importantsupport (3)importantsupport programs  programs  B. Collectiveviewofcriticaland  B.ThelevelofCollective latentrisksconfronting  Understandingamongthe students(regional,schooland educationcommunity(teachers, central/localcomparison)  parents,principals,students)of  C. Identificationoflocalassets criticalandlatentrisksfacedby andsupportsusedby studentsandofthelocalassetsto educationcommunityto  mitigatetheserisks mitigaterisks       D.Highlightschoolandeducation  C.StrategiestoFosterResilience systemrelevantopportunities  intheEducationCommunity: torespondandalignwith  Focusonriskswithinschools, studentsandcommunityassets  promoteschoolstaffͲparent  positiveengagement,aligned tofosterlearningandwellͲ  supportfromeducation beingandmitigaterisks  (national/regional)programs       24 ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ;ZͿWƌŽŐƌĂŵ ŚĂƉƚĞƌ/͘ƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚĂƚƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂů>ĞǀĞů dŚĞĐŽƌĞŐŽĂůŽĨƚŚĞĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚĂƚƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĞǀĞůŝƐƚŽĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚƚŚĞƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞĚƌŝƐŬƐŽĨƚŚĞ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ;DŽͿĂŶĚƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĞLJĂƌĞƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐŝŶĂŶĂƩĞŵƉƚƚŽ ŵŝƟŐĂƚĞƚŚĞƐĞƌŝƐŬƐ͘ƐĞĐŽŶĚĂƌLJŐŽĂůŝƐƚŽŝĚĞŶƟĨLJůĂǁƐĂŶĚĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚƐǁŚŝĐŚŵĂLJŽďůŝŐĂƚĞ DŽƐƚŽƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂŶĚLJŽƵƚŚŝŶŵĂŶĂŐŝŶŐƚŚĞƌŝƐŬƐĐŽŶĨƌŽŶƟŶŐƚŚĞŵ͘ƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚĂƚƚŚĞ ŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĞǀĞůŚĂƐƚǁŽĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐ͗;ϭͿƌĞǀŝĞǁŽĨƚŚĞĞdžŝƐƟŶŐŶĂƟŽŶĂůĚĂƚĂ͕ĂŶĚ;ϮͿĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉ ŝŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁƐǁŝƚŚŬĞLJŵĞŵďĞƌƐŽĨƚŚĞDŽ͘ /͘/ZĞǀŝĞǁŽĨŶĂƟŽŶĂůĚĂƚĂ dŚĞŐŽĂůŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůĚĂƚĂƌĞǀŝĞǁŝƐƚŽĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĂůŝƐƚŽĨŬĞLJƌŝƐŬƐĨĂĐĞĚďLJƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƚŽ ŝĚĞŶƟĨLJĂŶLJĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐĂŶĚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐƚŚĂƚĐŽƵůĚƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůůLJŵŝƟŐĂƚĞƐƵĐŚƌŝƐŬƐ͘dŚĞƌĞ ĂƌĞƚŚƌĞĞƐƚĞƉƐƚŽƚŚŝƐĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ͗ ͻ ZŝƐŬƐ͗ZĞǀŝĞǁŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĞǀĞůĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞƐĂŶĚĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐͶŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐDŽĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐͶƚŚĂƚ ƌĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚŚĞƌŝƐŬƐƚŚĂƚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĨĂĐĞŝŶƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐLJƐƚĞŵĂŶĚƚŚĞďƌŽĂĚĞƌĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ͕ ĂŶĚƚŚĞƉƌĞǀĂůĞŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞƌŝƐŬƐ͘ ͻ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐĂŶĚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ͗ZĞǀŝĞǁƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ͕ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ͕ĂŶĚͬŽƌĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐĚĞĮŶĞĚ ďLJƚŚĞDŽĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌE'KƐͬĚŽŶŽƌƐƚŚĂƚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĂŶĚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĨŽƌǀƵůŶĞƌĂďůĞĐŚŝůͲ ĚƌĞŶĂŶĚLJŽƵƚŚ͘ ͻ >ĞŐĂůĂŶĚƌĞŐƵůĂƚŽƌLJĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ͗ZĞǀŝĞǁŶĂƟŽŶĂů͕ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůĂŶĚŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĂǁƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐ DŽƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐĂŶĚůĞŐŝƐůĂƟŽŶƚŚĂƚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĂƌĞŐƵůĂƚŽƌLJƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞĨŽƌƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂŶĚ LJŽƵƚŚ͘ dŚĞƚŚƌĞĞƐƚĞƉƐĨŽƌƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůƌĞǀŝĞǁĂƌĞĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚďĞůŽǁ͗ ͘Z/^<^͗Ed/KE>d^^EKhDEd^ džŝƐƟŶŐƌĞƉŽƌƚƐĂůůŽǁƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐƚŽƋƵŝĐŬůLJĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŶĂƟŽŶĂůƌŝƐŬƉƌŽĮůĞƐ͘/ŶƚŚŝƐƉŚĂƐĞ͕ƌĞͲ ƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐƐŚŽƵůĚƌĞǀŝĞǁĞdžŝƐƟŶŐŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůƌĞƉŽƌƚƐ͕ƐƚƵĚŝĞƐĂŶĚƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞƐŝŶĂŶĞīŽƌƚƚŽŝĚĞŶƟĨLJƚŚĞƌŝƐŬƐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂŶĚLJŽƵƚŚĨĂĐĞ͘ZĂƉŝĚĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐŽĨ ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚĞdžŝƐƟŶŐĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞƐƐŚŽƵůĚŝŶĐůƵĚĞ͗ ϭ͘ dLJƉŽůŽŐLJŽĨƌŝƐŬ͗'ĞŶĞƌĂƚĞĂůŝƐƚŽĨƚŚĞƚLJƉĞƐŽĨƌŝƐŬƐĨĂĐĞĚďLJĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂŶĚLJŽƵŶŐƉĞŽƉůĞ ĂĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ͛ƐĐŽŶƚĞdžƚ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƐŽĐŝĂů͕ĚŽŵĞƐƟĐĂŶĚŐĂŶŐǀŝŽůĞŶĐĞ͕ĂŶĚƌŝƐŬƐŝƚͲ ƵĂƟŽŶƐƐƵĐŚĂƐŵĂůŶƵƚƌŝƟŽŶ͕ůŝĨĞͲƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶŝŶŐĚŝƐĞĂƐĞƐ͕ĂŶĚůĂĐŬŽĨĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽƉƵďůŝĐƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ͕ƐĂĨĞǁĂƚĞƌ͕ƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶͿ͘ Ϯ͘ ^ƚĂƟƐƟĐƐ͗tŚĞŶĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞŝŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐĂŶĚͬŽƌĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞƐ͕ĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽƌŝŶĐŝĚĞŶĐĞƌĂƚĞƐƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚƚŽĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞƚŚĞŵĂŐŶŝƚƵĚĞŽĨƚŚĞƉƌŽďůĞŵĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƚŚĞůŽĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƌŝƐŬ ;ŐĞŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐƌĞŐŝŽŶƐ͕ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƟĞƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘Ϳ͘ ϯ͘ YƵĂůŝƚĂƟǀĞ^ƚƵĚŝĞƐ͗tŚĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƉƵďůŝĐƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶƐďLJƚLJƉĞŽĨĂĐƚŽƌƐŝŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁĞĚ ƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚƌŝƐŬƐ;ƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶƐŽĨĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJŵĞŵďĞƌƐ͕E'KƐ͕ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ͕ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ ĞƚĐ͘Ϳ͘ Ϯϱ Z^ͲϯϲϬ϶͗ZĂƉŝĚƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚDĂŶƵĂů ϰ͘ ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐ͗&ŝŶĂůůLJ͕ƚŚĞƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨƚŚĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŵƵƐƚďĞŶŽƚĞĚŝŶĚĞƚĂŝů;DŽ͕ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶƐ͕ůŽĐĂůE'KƐ͕ŚŝŐŚĞƌĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘ͿĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌ ƐƚƵĚLJ;LJŽƵƚŚ͕ƉŽůŝĐLJŵĂŬĞƌƐ͕ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ƌƵƌĂůǁŽŵĞŶ͕ĞƚĐ͘ͿƐŚŽƵůĚďĞŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞĚ͘,ĞůƉĨƵůŝŶĨŽƌͲ ŵĂƟŽŶƚŽŬĞĞƉƚƌĂĐŬŽĨŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚĂƚĞƐŽĨƉƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƉƵďůŝƐŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐ;ƐĞĞƚŚĞZĞĨĞƌͲ ĞŶĐĞƐĞĐƟŽŶŽĨƚŚŝƐĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĨŽƌĂŶĞdžĂŵƉůĞŽĨŚŽǁƚŽƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐŽƵƌĐĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶͿ͘ dŚĞĨŽƵƌƉŽŝŶƚƐĂďŽǀĞƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚĂƐĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞůLJĂƐƉŽƐƐŝďůĞŐŝǀĞŶƚŚĞĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŝŶĞĂĐŚĐŽŶƚĞdžƚ͘;/ŶĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐǁŚĞƌĞƌĞƉŽƌƚƐĂŶĚĚĂƚĂĂƌĞůŝŵŝƚĞĚŽƌŶŽŶͲĞdžŝƐƚĞŶƚ͕ƚŚĞ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚŵĂLJƐƚĂƌƚĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJǁŝƚŚƚŚĞDŽĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐ͘Ϳ^ƵŵŵĂƌŝnjĞLJŽƵƌĮŶĚŝŶŐƐŝŶdĂďůĞϭŽĨ ŶŶĞdž͘ ͘hd/KEZ^WKE^^EWZK'ZD^ KŶĐĞƚŚĞůŝƐƚŽĨƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚŶĂƟŽŶĂůƌŝƐŬƐŚĂƐďĞĞŶĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ͕ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐƐŚŽƵůĚƌĞǀŝĞǁƚŚĞ DŽ͛ƐƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐƉůĂŶƐĂŶĚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐƚŽĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ;ϭͿǁŚŝĐŚŽĨƚŚĞƐĞƌŝƐŬƐƚŚĞDŽŝƐƌĞƐƉŽŶĚŝŶŐ ƚŽ͕ĂŶĚ;ϮͿŚŽǁƚŚĞDŽŝƐƌĞƐƉŽŶĚŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞƐĞƌŝƐŬƐ͘ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐƚŚĞŶŝŶǀĞƐƟŐĂƚĞƚŚĞĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨŽƚŚĞƌƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐŽƌƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ͕ǁŚĞƚŚĞƌĨƌŽŵŽƚŚͲ ĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌƐŽĨƚŚĞŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽƌĨƌŽŵŽƚŚĞƌŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞƚŽƚŚĞŵŝƟŐĂƟŽŶŽĨ ƌŝƐŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŽĨĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂŶĚLJŽƵŶŐƉĞŽƉůĞĂƚƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůŽƌůŽĐĂůůĞǀĞů͘dŚĞƐĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƐƵŵŵĂƌŝnjĞĚ͕ŶŽƟŶŐƚŚĞƌŝƐŬŵŝƟŐĂƟŽŶĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐĨŽƵŶĚ͘ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐĂŶĚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƐƵŵŵĂƌŝnjĞĚĂƐĨŽůůŽǁƐŝŶdĂďůĞϯŽĨŶŶĞdž͗ ͻ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐůŝŶĞƐŽĨĂĐƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞDŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͗EŽƚĞƚŚĞƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐƉŝůůĂƌƐ͕ĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞ͕ ƋƵĂůŝƚLJ͕ĂĐĐĞƐƐ͕ĞƋƵŝƚLJ͕ŵŽĚĞƌŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ͕ƚŚĂƚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƚŚĞĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬĨŽƌƚŚĞŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŽĨĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐĂŶĚŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚƐ͘ ͻ EĂƟŽŶĂůĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ͗EŽƚĞĂŶLJŶĂƟŽŶĂů;ƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĂůͿĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞ ďĞůŝĞǀĞĚƚŽŵŝƟŐĂƚĞƌŝƐŬƐĨƌŽŵǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐLJƐƚĞŵ͘ ͻ dĂƌŐĞƚĞĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ͗EŽƚĞĂŶLJƚĂƌŐĞƚĞĚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐŽƌƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ;ĨŽĐƵƐĞĚŽŶƐƉĞĐŝĮĐ ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐͿƚŚĂƚŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚƚŽŵŝƟŐĂƚĞŽƌƉƌĞǀĞŶƚƐƉĞĐŝĮĐƌŝƐŬƐ;ƌƵƌĂůŽƌŝŶĚŝŐĞͲ ŶŽƵƐƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐ͕ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂƚƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌƌŝƐŬ͕ĞƚĐ͘Ϳ͘ ͘>'>EZ'h>dKZz&ZDtKZ< ůŝƐƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞŵĂĚĞŽĨĂůůůĂǁƐ;ŶĂƟŽŶĂů͕ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůĂŶĚŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůͿ Fieldwork ĂŶĚƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐĂŝŵĞĚĂƚƚŚĞƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŽĨĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂŶĚLJŽƵƚŚƚŚĂƚƌĞͲ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐƟƉ͗ ůĂƚĞƚŽƚŚĞůŽĐĂůĐŽŶƚĞdžƚ͘>ĂǁƐǁŚŝĐŚƚŚĞDŽŝƐŽďůŝŐĂƚĞĚƚŽƵƉŚŽůĚ While this focus ;ŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĂǁƐŽƌŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĂǁƐƚŽǁŚŝĐŚƚŚĞĐŽƵŶƚƌLJŝƐĂƐŝŐŶĂƚŽͲ group follows the ƌLJͿƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĂĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬĂŐĂŝŶƐƚǁŚŝĐŚƚŽĂƐƐĞƐƐĞdžŝƐƟŶŐĂŶĚƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ŶĂƟŽŶĂůĚĂƚĂƌĞ- ƉƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶĂŶĚƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶĞīŽƌƚƐ͘>ĂǁƐǁŚŝĐŚƚŚĞDŽŝƐŶŽƚŽďůŝͲ view, planning for ŐĂƚĞĚƚŽƵƉŚŽůĚ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ůĂǁƐŽĨŽƚŚĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌƐĂŶĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐͿďƵƚǁŚŝĐŚ the focus group can ƌĞůĂƚĞƚŽƚŚĞůŽĐĂůĐŽŶƚĞdžƚĐĂŶƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƵƐĞĨƵůĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬƐĨŽƌƚŚĞ ďĞŐŝŶĂƚƚŚĞǀĞƌLJ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶŽĨĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůƉƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶĂŶĚƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐ͘dŚĞ start of the rapid ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐŵĂLJďĞŐƵŝĚĞĚďLJƚŚĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐďĞůŽǁ͗ assessment to min- ŝŵŝnjĞƟŵĞĚĞůĂLJƐŝŶ ƚŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͘ Ϯϲ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ;ZͿWƌŽŐƌĂŵ ͻ ƌĞƚŚĞƌĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĂǁƐƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶƚŚĂƚĂƌĞĂƉƉůŝĐĂďůĞƚŽƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͕Žƌ ǁŚŝĐŚƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐLJƐƚĞŵƐĐĂŶĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞ͍ ͻ ,ĂƐƚŚĞĐŽƵŶƚƌLJŝŶƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐŝŐŶĞĚĂŶĚƌĂƟĮĞĚĂŶLJŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĂǁ͕ĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞ͕ƚŚĞŽŶͲ ǀĞŶƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞZŝŐŚƚƐŽĨƚŚĞŚŝůĚ͍ ͻ ƌĞƚŚĞƐĞůĂǁƐĂŶĚƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚŝŶĂƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƐĞĐƚŽƌ;ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ ŚĞĂůƚŚ͕ũƵƐƟĐĞ͕ĞƚĐ͘Ϳ͍ ͻ tŚĂƚŶĂƟŽŶǁŝĚĞƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐƚŽƉƌŽƚĞĐƚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂŶĚLJŽƵƚŚĂƌĞŵŽŶŝƚŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞDŽ͍ ^ƵŵŵĂƌŝnjĞLJŽƵƌĮŶĚŝŶŐƐŝŶdĂďůĞϮŽĨŶŶĞdž͘ /͘//EĂƟŽŶĂůůĞǀĞůĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉ KŶĐĞƚŚĞƌĞǀŝĞǁŽĨŶĂƟŽŶĂůĚĂƚĂŝƐĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞ͕ĂŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĞǀĞůĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉǁŝůůďĞĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚDŽƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞůĂŶĚǁŝůůďĞůŝŶŬĞĚƚŽƌŝƐŬƐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚĂŶĚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚƚŽŵŝƟŐĂƚĞ ƚŚĞƐĞƌŝƐŬƐ͘dŚĞƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶŽĨƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞůǁŝƚŚŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŝƐƐƵĞƐŝƐĞƐƐĞŶƟĂů͘/ĚĞĂůůLJ͕ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐĨŽƌƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĂƉƉŽŝŶƚĞĚďLJƚŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐŽĨƚŚĞŵŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŝĂů ŽĸĐĞĂƐĂƐŚŽǁŽĨƚŚĞŝƌƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĂŶĚĐŽŵŵŝƚŵĞŶƚ͘ ^ĐŽƉĞ͗dŚĞĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉǁŝůůƉƌŽĐĞĞĚĂƐĨŽůůŽǁƐ͗ ϭ͘ WƌĞƐĞŶƚŶĂƟŽŶĂůƌŝƐŬŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŐĂƚŚĞƌĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůĚĂƚĂƌĞǀŝĞǁĂŶĚĂďĂƐŝĐĐŽŶͲ ĐĞƉƚƵĂůĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬŽŶĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ;ƐĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ͗ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬƉĂƉĞƌĨŽƌ ŵŽƌĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶͿ͘ Ϯ͘ ĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ͕ĂĚŝĂůŽŐƵĞŝƐŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞĚ͘dŚĞŐŽĂůŽĨƚŚĞĚŝĂůŽŐƵĞŝƐƚŽ ŝĚĞŶƟĨLJƚŚĞƌŝƐŬƐƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞDŽĂŶĚƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐĞĐƚŽƌ͘ ϯ͘ WƌĞƐĞŶƚƚŚĞůŝƐƚŽĨŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐĨƵŶĚĞĚďLJƚŚĞDŽ͕ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĂͲ ƟŽŶƐ͕ĂŶĚͬŽƌE'KƐ͘ ϰ͘ ŐĂŝŶ͕ĂĚŝĂůŽŐƵĞŝƐŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞĚĨŽĐƵƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐĂŶĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚ͘ ϰ͘ϭWĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐƐŚŽƵůĚŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞǁŚŝĐŚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐĂƌĞĂŝŵĞĚĂƚ;ϭͿƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ͕;ϮͿƉƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚͬŽƌ;ϯͿĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͘WƌŽŐƌĂŵƐŵĂLJƉƌŽǀŝĚĞŽŶĞ͕ƚǁŽ͕ŽƌĂůůƚŚƌĞĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞĨĞĂͲ ƚƵƌĞƐ͘ ϰ͘ϮKĨƚŚĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚĂƐŚĂǀŝŶŐƌŝƐŬƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶĂŶĚƉƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ͕ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ĂďƌĞĂŬĚŽǁŶŽĨƚŚŽƐĞƚŚĂƚǁŽƌŬǁŝƚŚƐƉĞĐŝĮĐƚĂƌŐĞƚƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶŽĨ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐƚŽŵŝƟŐĂƚĞƌŝƐŬƐƐƵĐŚĂƐǀŝŽůĞŶĐĞ͕ŵĂůŶƵƚƌŝƟŽŶ͕ƉŽǀĞƌƚLJ͕ĞƚĐ͘ ϰ͘ϯ/ĚĞŶƟĨLJǁŚŝĐŚŽĨƚŚĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ͕ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐĂŶĚƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐĂƌĞƉƌŝŽƌŝƟĞƐĨŽƌƚŚĞDŽ͘ hƐĞƚŚĞĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉŐƵŝĚĞ;ƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůͿŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚŝŶŶŶĞdžƚŽĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞƚŚŝƐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͘ ZĞƐƵůƚƐ͗dŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐĂƌĞĞdžƉĞĐƚĞĚƌĞƐƵůƚƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉ͗ ϭ͘ ƚLJƉŽůŽŐLJŽĨĮǀĞƚŽƚĞŶƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂůƌŝƐŬƐ͘ Ϯ͘ ƚLJƉŽůŽŐLJŽĨĮǀĞƚŽƚĞŶƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞĚƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶĂŶĚƉƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ;ŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚ ƚĂƌŐĞƚĞĚͿ͘dŚĞƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂůƌŝƐŬƐǁŝůůďĞĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŽŝƚĞŵƐĐŽŶƚĂŝŶĞĚŝŶ^ĞĐƟŽŶ ;ZŝƐŬƐͿŽĨƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞ͘dŚĞĮǀĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐĂƚƚŚĞ ƐĐŚŽŽůĂŶĚͬŽƌĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJůĞǀĞůǁŝůůďĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚĂƐŝƚĞŵƐŝŶ^ĞĐƟŽŶ;ƐƐĞƚƐͿŽĨƚŚĞZ^Ͳ ϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞ;^ĞĞŶŶĞdžĨŽƌƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣYƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞdĞŵƉůĂƚĞͿ͘ Ϯϳ Z^ͲϯϲϬ϶͗ZĂƉŝĚƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚDĂŶƵĂů /͘///ƌŝƚĞƌŝĂĨŽƌƐĞůĞĐƟŶŐƚŚĞƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞͲĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐĂŶĚ ƚŚĞƐĂŵƉůĞĨŽƌŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞ dŚĞĮŶĂůƐƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉǁŝƚŚƚŚĞDŽŝƐƚŚĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůƐĐŚŽŽůƐĨŽƌƉĂƌͲ ƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞůŽĐĂůZ^ͲϯϲϬΣĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ͘ƌŝƚĞƌŝĂĨŽƌƚŚĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƐĐŚŽŽůƐĂƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚͲ ĞĚƚŽƚŚĞƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐŽĨƚŚĞĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉ͘dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŐĞŶĞƌĂůĂŶĚƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ͕ĚĞƉĞŶĚŝŶŐŽŶ ƚŚĞůŽĐĂůĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚƉŚĂƐĞŝŶǁŚŝĐŚƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚƐĐŚŽŽůƐƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞ͘dŚĞŐĞŶĞƌĂůƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ ĨŽƌĂůůƐĐŚŽŽůƐĂƌĞ͗ ϭ͘ ^ĐŚŽŽůƐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞůŽĐĂƚĞĚŝŶŚŝŐŚͲƌŝƐŬĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐͬĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘ Ϯ͘ dŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ͕ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ &ŝĞůĚǁŽƌŬƐƵĐĐĞƐƐƟƉ͗ ƐŚŽƵůĚďĞǁŝůůŝŶŐƚŽƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞŝŶƚŚĞĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ͘ /ŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶ ϯ͘ ^ĐŚŽŽůƐŵƵƐƚďĞŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƟŶŐƐŽŵĞŽĨƚŚĞƌŝƐŬŵŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐĂƐ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐĚĞĮŶĞĚĂŶĚĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞĚďLJƚŚĞDŽ͘ ĂĮŶĂůƐƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽĐƵƐ ŐƌŽƵƉǁŝƚŚDŽƐ͘ ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶŽĨƐĐŚŽŽůƐĂŵƉůĞƐǁŝůůĚĞƉĞŶĚ ŽŶƚŚĞĐŽŵďŝŶĂƟŽŶŽĨŵŽĚƵůĞƐƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞůŽĐĂůĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ ;ĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐĂŶĚZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶͿ͘dŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶ ĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂĂƌĞƌĞŇĞĐƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐƚĂďůĞ͘ Type of local ƉƉƌŽdžŝŵĂƚĞƟŵĞĂŶĚ ^ĐŚŽŽůͲƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ Expected sample assessment resources required YƵĂůŝƚĂƟǀĞWŚĂƐĞ͗ ͻ,ĂǀĞĂŶŝŶŶŽǀĂƟǀĞ ^ĂŵƉůĞŽĨϭƚŽϮ ϮͲϰǁĞĞŬƐ;ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞͲƌŝƟĐĂů ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŽĨƌŝƐŬƉƌĞǀĞŶͲ ƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͛ ŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĞǀĞůĂƐƐĞƐƐͲ ĂƐĞ^ĐŚŽŽůƐ;ĂŶĚ ƟŽŶĂŶĚŵŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ͘ ^ĐŚŽŽůƐǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ ŵĞŶƚͿ ŝŶƉƵƚƐĨŽƌĚĞƐŝŐŶ ͻdŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐŚŽƵůĚďĞ ĂŚŝŐŚͲƌŝƐŬĐŽŶƚĞdžƚĂŶĚ ŽĨZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐͲ ǁŝůůŝŶŐƚŽĨƵůůLJƉĂƌƟĐͲ ǁĂLJƐŽĨĐŽƉŝŶŐǁŝƚŚ ƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞͿ͘ ŝƉĂƚĞĂŶĚƐŚĂƌĞƚŚĞŝƌ ƐĐŚŽŽůĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ ƌŝƐŬĂŶĚƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ ĂƐƐĞƚƐ͘ ƐƚŽƌŝĞƐ͘ YƵĂŶƟƚĂƟǀĞ ͻ^ŚŽǁŚŝŐŚŽƌŐĂŶŝͲ ^ĂŵƉůĞŽĨϱƚŽϭϬ ϮͲϰŵŽŶƚŚƐ;ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ WŚĂƐĞ͗ njĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJĨŽƌ ƐĐŚŽŽůƐ ŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĞǀĞůĂƐƐĞƐƐͲ ƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞ ĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŝŶŐƚŚĞƋƵĞƐͲ ^ĐŚŽŽůƐǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƉƌĞͲ ŵĞŶƚ͕ĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞ Z^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐͲ ƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞƐ͘ ƐĞŶƚŚŝŐŚͲƌŝƐŬĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐ ƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͕ĂŶĚĂƉƉůŝͲ ƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞ͘ ͻ&ĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟǀĞ ůŽĐĂƚĞĚŝŶĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĐĂƟŽŶŽĨZ^ͲϯϲϬΣ ĂŶĚĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶƟĂůǁŽƌŬͲ ŐĞŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůŽƌĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞͿ ƐŚŽƉƐǁŝƚŚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ ƉŽŝŶƚƐŽĨƚŚĞĐŽƵŶͲ ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ ƚƌLJ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ƌƵƌĂů͕ƵƌďĂŶ͕ ƉƌŝŽƌƚŽĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶŽĨ ƐĞŵŝͲƵƌďĂŶ͖ŵĂũŽƌŝƚLJ͕ Z^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞ͘ ŵŝŶŽƌŝƚLJ͕ŝŶĚŝŐĞŶŽƵƐ ͻKīĞƌƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂͲ ƉŽƉƵůĂƚĞĚͿ͖͘ƉƉůLJ ƟŽŶƐŽŶƚŚĞƵƐĞŽĨŝŶͲ ƚŽƐƚĂƟƐƟĐĂůƐĂŵƉůĞ ĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂƚƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽů ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞŽĨƚŚĞ ůĞǀĞů͘ ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŝĨƟŵĞĂŶĚ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĂůůŽǁ͘ 28 ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ;ZͿWƌŽŐƌĂŵ ŚĂƉƚĞƌ//͘ƌŝƟĐĂůĂƐĞ^ĐŚŽŽůYƵĂůŝƚĂƟǀĞ ƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞƚǁŽƉƌŽƉŽƐĞĚĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐŽĨĚĂƚĂĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶĨŽƌƚŚĞƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚĂƚƚŚĞ ƐĐŚŽŽůůĞǀĞů͗;ϭͿĂƋƵĂůŝƚĂƟǀĞĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐŝŶĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐ;ǁŚŝĐŚ ĂůƐŽƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƚŚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞͿ͖ĂŶĚ;ϮͿĂƋƵĂŶƟƚĂƟǀĞĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞŝŶƚŚĞĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞĂŶĚ͕ƉŽƐƐŝďůLJ͕ĂĚĚŝͲ ƟŽŶĂůƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͘dŚŝƐĐŚĂƉƚĞƌĨŽĐƵƐĞƐŽŶƚŚĞĮƌƐƚĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚ͘ ^,KK>>s>D/yDd,K^^^^^DEd Schools Purpose of the assessment ƌŝƟĐĂůĂƐĞ^ĐŚŽŽůƐ ͻ ^ĞƌǀĞĂƐĂƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂŶĚůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĂďŽƵƚůŽĐĂůƌŝƐŬƐ͕ ;ƋƵĂůŝƚĂƟǀĞƉŚĂƐĞͿ ƐĐŚŽŽůĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂƐƐĞƚƐŝŶĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐŽĨĂĚǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͘ ͻ WƌŽǀŝĚĞƉƌĞůŝŵŝŶĂƌLJĚĂƚĂŽŶůŽĐĂůƌŝƐŬƐ͕ƐĐŚŽŽůĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ ĂƐƐĞƚƐĂŶĚĐŽƉŝŶŐƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ͖ĂŶĚůŽĐĂůĨĞĞĚďĂĐŬŽŶƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ͘WƌŽǀŝĚĞĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƵĂůŝnjĞĚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƚŽŝŶĐůƵĚĞŝŶƚŚĞ Z^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞ͘ Z^ͲϯϲϬΣ^ƵƌǀĞLJ dŚĞƐĞĂƌĞƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐƚŚĂƚǁŝůůƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞŝŶƚŚĞĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞ ^ĐŚŽŽůƐ;ƋƵĂŶƟƚĂƟǀĞ Z^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞͶƚĂƌŐĞƟŶŐƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐĂŶĚƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ͘ ƉŚĂƐĞͿ dŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞǁŝůůŚĞůƉŐĞŶĞƌĂůŝnjĞĮŶĚŝŶŐƐ͘ĂƚĂŐĂƚŚͲ ĞƌĞĚĨƌŽŵĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐǁŝůůƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĂŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞƚŚĂƚ ǁŝůůĂůůŽǁĨŽƌƐƚĂƟƐƟĐĂůĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐǁŚŝĐŚǁŝůůŐĞŶĞƌĂůŝnjĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ŐĂŝŶĞĚĨƌŽŵĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐĂƚďŽƚŚŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚůŽĐĂůůĞǀĞůƐƚŽƚŚĞ ďƌŽĂĚĞƌƐĐŚŽŽůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ͘ŶĂůLJƐŝƐǁŝůůĂůƐŽĂůůŽǁĨŽƌƚŚĞĂƐƐĞƐƐͲ ŵĞŶƚŽĨĂůŝŐŶŵĞŶƚďĞƚǁĞĞŶǀĂƌŝŽƵƐĂĐƚŽƌƐ;DŽ͕ƐĐŚŽŽůĂĚŵŝŶŝƐͲ ƚƌĂƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐͿ͘ĂƚĂŐĂƚŚĞƌĞĚĨƌŽŵ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůƐĐŚŽŽůƐ;ŝĨƟŵĞ͕ĞdžƉĞƌƟƐĞ͕ĂŶĚĨƵŶĚŝŶŐĂƌĞĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞͿǁŝůů ĂůůŽǁĨŽƌƚŚĞŐĞŶĞƌĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶŽĨĮŶĚŝŶŐƐƚŽĂƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶůĞǀĞůƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞƵƐĞŽĨĂƐƚĂƟƐƟĐĂůƐĂŵƉůĞ͘ YƵĂůŝƚĂƟǀĞWŚĂƐĞ͗ƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐ dŚĞƋƵĂůŝƚĂƟǀĞƉŚĂƐĞŚĂƐƚŚƌĞĞƐƚĂŐĞƐ͗ ϭ͘ sŝƐŝƚƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƚŚĂƚŚĂǀĞĂŐƌĞĞĚƚŽƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĂĚŝƌĞĐƚƚƌƵƐƚƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƉƌŝŶĐŝƉĂůĂŶĚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĞůŽŐŝƐƟĐƐ͕ĂŶĚ ŽďƐĞƌǀĞĂŶĚŐĂƵŐĞƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͘ Ϯ͘ ŽŶĚƵĐƚĂŶŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶƟĂůǁŽƌŬƐŚŽƉŽŶƚŚĞĐŽŶĐĞƉƚŽĨƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ͕ĐůĂƌŝĨLJŝŶŐ ƚŚĞĚLJŶĂŵŝĐƐŽĨƌŝƐŬƐĂŶĚŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘ ϯ͘ ,ŽůĚĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐĂƚƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJůĞǀĞůǁŝƚŚŬĞLJƉůĂLJĞƌƐ;ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐͿ͘ 29 Z^ͲϯϲϬ϶͗ZĂƉŝĚƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚDĂŶƵĂů &ŝĞůĚǁŽƌŬƐƵĐĐĞƐƐƟƉ͗ ^ĐŚŽŽůĐĐĞƐƐĂŶĚdƌƵƐƚƵŝůĚŝŶŐ͗dŚĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ ƐŚŽƵůĚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĂĐĐĞƐƐĂŶĚƚƌƵƐƚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƉƌĞůŝŵŝŶĂƌLJǀŝƐŝƚƐƚŽƐĐŚŽŽůƐĂŶĚƚŚĞĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƟŽŶŽĨ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟǀĞĂŶĚĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶƟĂůǁŽƌŬƐŚŽƉƐǁŝƚŚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ͕ĂŶĚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ͘ŶŶĞdžƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĂŶĞdžĂŵƉůĞŽĨĂŶ͞ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶƟĂů͟ǁŽƌŬƐŚŽƉ ǁŚŝĐŚĐĂŶďĞŵŽĚŝĮĞĚĂƐŶĞĞĚĞĚ͘ &ůĞdžŝďůĞ^ĞƋƵĞŶĐĞĨŽƌƚŚĞ>ŽĐĂůƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚƐ͗dŚĞƋƵĂůŝƚĂƟǀĞĂŶĚƋƵĂŶƟƚĂƟǀĞƉŚĂƐĞƐĨŽƌ ƚŚĞůŽĐĂůĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚƐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĂƉƉůŝĞĚƐĞƋƵĞŶƟĂůůLJ͘,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ƚŚĞĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶŽĨďŽƚŚ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐǁŝůůƚĂŬĞĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂďůĞƟŵĞƚŽĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞͶĂƉƉƌŽdžŝŵĂƚĞůLJĨŽƵƌƚŽƐŝdžŵŽŶƚŚƐ͘&Žƌ ŵŽƌĞƌĂƉŝĚĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚĨĞĞĚďĂĐŬƚŽƚŚĞDŽŽƌŽƚŚĞƌĐĞŶƚƌĂůĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐ͕ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐ ŵĂLJĐŚŽŽƐĞƚŽĐŽŶĚƵĐƚƚŚĞƋƵĂůŝƚĂƟǀĞƉŚĂƐĞĂŶĚƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁͲƵƉƋƵĂŶƟƚĂƟǀĞƉŚĂƐĞƐŽůĞůLJ ǁŝƚŚĂĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽů͕ƌĞƉŽƌƟŶŐďĂĐŬƚŽƚŚĞDŽŽŶůLJŽŶŝŶŝƟĂůĮŶĚŝŶŐƐ͕ǁŚŝůĞŝŶƉĂƌĂůůĞů ĐŽŶƟŶƵŝŶŐƚŽƉƌĞƉĂƌĞƚŚĞƋƵĂŶƟƚĂƟǀĞĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚŽŶĂůĂƌŐĞƌƐĐĂůĞǁŝƚŚĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͘ dŚĞƋƵĂůŝƚĂƟǀĞĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚŝƐĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞĚŵŽƌĞŝŶĚĞƚĂŝůŝŶŚĂƉƚĞƌ///͘ //͘/^ĐŚŽŽůǀŝƐŝƚƚŽďƵŝůĚƚƌƵƐƚ͕ŽďƐĞƌǀĞĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶ ůŽŐŝƐƟĐƐ dŽĂĐŚŝĞǀĞĂďĞƩĞƌƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŶŐƐĐŚŽŽůĂŶĚŝƚƐĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͕ŝƚŝƐĂĚǀŝƐĂďůĞ ƚŽƐƉĞŶĚĂĚĂLJŽƌƚǁŽĂƚƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽů͘dŚĞĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐƚŽďĞƵŶĚĞƌƚĂŬĞŶƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƌĞůĂƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉŽƌƚƐ ĨŽƌƚŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐŽĨƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽů;ƚŚĞƉƌŝŶĐŝƉĂů͕ĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟǀĞƚĞĂŵĂŶĚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐͿĂŶĚƐŚŽƵůĚ ŚĞůƉƚŽďƵŝůĚƚŚĞŝƌƚƌƵƐƚŝŶƚŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐƚŚĂƚŝƐĂďŽƵƚƚŽƚĂŬĞƉůĂĐĞ͘dŚĞŽďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŽĨŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶ ŽĨƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝƌƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞĚŝƐĐŝƉůŝŶĞĂŶĚƚŚĞƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ĐĂŶĂůƐŽďĞƵƐĞĨƵů͘dŚĞŶĂƚƵƌĞŽĨƚŚŝƐŽďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŝƐŶŽƚĨŽƌŵĂů͖ƌĂƚŚĞƌ͕ƚŚĞƉƵƌƉŽƐĞŝƐƚŽƵŶĚĞƌͲ ƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůĂŶĚŝƚƐĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͕ĂŶĚƚŽƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĐŽŶƚĞdžƚĨŽƌĐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐ ŵĂĚĞŝŶƚŚĞĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉ͘ ĐƌƵĐŝĂůĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůǀŝƐŝƚƐǁŝůůďĞŽƌŐĂŶŝnjŝŶŐůŽŐŝƐƟĐƐĨŽƌƚŚĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ͗ ͻ ŶŽƉĞŶĐĂůůƚŽƉĂƌĞŶƚƐƚŽƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞŝŶĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐĂŶĚƐƵƌǀĞLJƐ ͻ KƌŐĂŶŝnjŝŶŐƐƵƉĞƌǀŝƐŝŽŶŽĨƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐǁŚŝůĞƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐĂƌĞƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŶŐŝŶĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐ ͻ ƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞƐƉĂĐĞƐĨŽƌĐŽŶĚƵĐƟŶŐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂůǁŽƌŬƐŚŽƉƐ ͻ ƌƌĂŶŐŝŶŐůŽŐŝƐƟĐƐĂƌŽƵŶĚŵĞĞƟŶŐƐƉĂĐĞĂŶĚƌĞĨƌĞƐŚŵĞŶƚƐ ͻ KďƚĂŝŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƐĞŶƚĨƌŽŵƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐŽĨƚŚĞĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐĂŶĚƐƵƌǀĞLJƐ KďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŐƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐĨŽƌƚŚĞǀŝƐŝƚƉƌŝŽƌƚŽƚŚĞŽƌŝĞŶƚĂƟŽŶǁŽƌŬƐŚŽƉƐĂŶĚĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉ ůůŽďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚŝŶĮĞůĚŶŽƚĞƐ͘dŚĞĂƐƉĞĐƚƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƚĂŬĞŶŝŶƚŽĂĐͲ ĐŽƵŶƚĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƟŽŶĂŶĚŽďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶǀŝƐŝƚƚŽƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůŝŶĐůƵĚĞ͗ ͻ ,ŽǁĚŽƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƚǁŝƚŚĞĂĐŚŽƚŚĞƌĂŶĚǁŝƚŚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͍ ͻ ,ŽǁĚŽƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƚǁŝƚŚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ͍;dŚŝƐŝƐďĞƐƚĚŽŶĞĂƚƚŚĞďĞŐŝŶŶŝŶŐĂŶĚ ĞŶĚŽĨƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůĚĂLJͿ͘ 30 ͻ ,ŽǁĚŽĞƐƚŚĞƉƌŝŶĐŝƉĂůŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ;ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ƐƚĂīĂŶĚ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ;ZͿWƌŽŐƌĂŵ ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐͿ͍ ͻ ƌĞƉĂƌĞŶƚƐŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚŝŶƐĐŚŽŽůĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ͍/ĨƐŽ͕ŚŽǁ͍ ͻ tŚĂƚŝƐƚŚĞĂƉƉĞĂƌĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚŝŶƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ͍ ͻ tŚĂƚƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĂƌĞĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĨŽƌƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌ͕ĂŶĚƉĂƌĞŶƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůĂŶĚŝŶ ƚŚĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ͍ ͻ tŚĂƚƌŝƐŬƐĂƌĞĞǀŝĚĞŶƚŝŶƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ͍ ͻ tŚĂƚŝƐƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶďĞƚǁĞĞŶĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƚŽƌƐĂŶĚƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ͕ĂŶĚŚŽǁĚŽĞƐƚŚŝƐ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƚĂŬĞƉůĂĐĞ͍ //͘///ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶƟĂůǁŽƌŬƐŚŽƉƐ /ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶƟĂůǁŽƌŬƐŚŽƉƐŽŶƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞǁŝůůďĞŚĞůĚƐŽƚŚĂƚƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐŚĂǀĞĂ ďĞƩĞƌƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞĐŽŶĐĞƉƚŽĨƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞĂŶĚĂƌĞĂůͲůŝĨĞĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬŝŶǁŚŝĐŚƚŽƐŚĂƌĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ͘dŚĞƐĞǁŽƌŬƐŚŽƉƐǁŝůůĂůƐŽĞŶĂďůĞƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐƚŽŐĂŝŶƚƌƵƐƚďĞĨŽƌĞƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŶŐŝŶ ƚŚĞĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐ͘ŐƵŝĚĞƚŽĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƟŶŐĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶƟĂůĞdžĞƌĐŝƐĞƐŝƐƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚŝŶŶŶĞdž͘ ƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ dŚĞŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐŽĨƚŚĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶƟĂůǁŽƌŬƐŚŽƉƐĂƌĞƚŽ͗ ϭ͘ WƌŽǀŝĚĞƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĂƐƉĂĐĞƚŽŐĂŝŶŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞĂŶĚƚŽƌĞŇĞĐƚŽŶƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞďĂƐĞĚŽŶ ƚŚĞŝƌŽǁŶůŝĨĞĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ͕ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůLJŽŶǁŚĂƚŚĞůƉĞĚƚŚĞŵĨĂĐĞƚŽƵŐŚƟŵĞƐ͘ Ϯ͘ ŝƐĐƵƐƐƚŚĞƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶŚĂǀĞƚŚĂƚƚŚĞLJĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌŵŽƐƚŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ͕ĂŶĚŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝͲ ƟĞƐƚŽŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂũŽŝŶƚĞīŽƌƚďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐĂŶĚ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͘ dŚĞǁŽƌŬƐŚŽƉƐƚĂƌƚƐǁŝƚŚĂƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽŶƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ͗What helps us to recover and move for- ǁĂƌĚŝŶĚŝĸĐƵůƚƟŵĞƐ͍dŚŝƐŵĂLJďĞƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚďLJĂŶLJĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJŽƌũƵƐƚŽƌĂůůLJƚŚŽƵŐŚ ĂŶŽƉĞŶĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐ͘dŚĞŵĞĂŶŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞƚĞƌŵ ͞ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ͟ǁŝůůďĞĞdžƉůŽƌĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ͗;ϭͿĚŝĸĐƵůƚŵŽŵĞŶƚƐǁĞŚĂǀĞůŝǀĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ͕ ;ϮͿƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚƐƚŚĂƚŚĂǀĞŚĞůƉĞĚƵƐĨĂĐĞĚŝĸĐƵůƚƟŵĞƐ͕ĂŶĚ;ϯͿƚŚĞƉĞŽƉůĞ͕ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ͕ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽƌŽƚŚĞƌƚLJƉĞƐŽĨŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐƚŚĂƚŚĞůƉĞĚƵƐĨĂĐĞƚŚĞƐĞŵŽŵĞŶƚƐŽĨĂĚǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͘ dŚĞĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚŽƌŽƌƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌŵĂLJǁƌŝƚĞĞdžĂŵƉůĞƐŽŶƚŚĞďŽĂƌĚŽĨƚLJƉĞƐŽĨĂĚǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͕ƉĞƌƐŽŶĂů ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚƐ͕ĂŶĚŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘dŚĞƐĞĞdžĂŵƉůĞƐĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂƐĂĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶƐƚĂƌƚĞƌĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞƉĂƌͲ ƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐ͘dŚĞĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚŽƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐƟŵĞĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƚŽƌĞŇĞĐƚŽŶĂĚŝĸĐƵůƚƟŵĞŝŶƚŚĞŝƌ ŽǁŶůŝĨĞ͕ŽŶƚŚĞƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĂƐƐĞƚƐƚŚĞLJƵƐĞĚƚŽŶĂǀŝŐĂƚĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ͕ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌĨƌŽŵ͕ŽƌĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƚŽ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵŝŶƐƉŝƚĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞĚŝĸĐƵůƚƟŵĞƐ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞLJƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƚŚĞƌƐ;ƉĞƌͲ ƐŽŶƐ͕ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ͕ĐŽŶƚĞdžƚ͕ĞƚĐ͘Ϳ͘dŚĞŶƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐĐĂŶǀŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌƚŽƐŚĂƌĞƚŚĞŝƌĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ;ŶŽƚ ŵĂŶĚĂƚŽƌLJͿ͘dŚŝƐŽƉĞŶĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶƐŚŽƵůĚŚĂǀĞĂƟŵĞůŝŵŝƚ͖ƚŚĞĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚŽƌĐĂŶǁƌŝƚĞĞdžĂŵƉůĞƐŽĨ ĂĚǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͕ĂƐƐĞƚƐĂŶĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐŽŶĂďůĂĐŬďŽĂƌĚŽƌŇŝƉĐŚĂƌƚŽƌũƵƐƚƐƵŵŵĂƌŝnjĞƚŚĞŵĂƚƚŚĞĞŶĚ ŽĨƚŚĞƐĞƐƐŝŽŶ͘dŚĞĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚŽƌĨŽƌƚŚŝƐĞdžĞƌĐŝƐĞƐŚŽƵůĚĂůƐŽƐŚĂƌĞŚŝƐŽƌŚĞƌŽǁŶĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞǀŝĂĂ ƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůŶĂƌƌĂƟǀĞŽĨƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞŝŶŚŝƐŽƌŚĞƌŽǁŶůŝĨĞ͘dŚĞĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶƐŚŽƵůĚŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚƚŚĞƌŽůĞŽĨ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐĂŶĚƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŝŶƚŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŽĨŶĂǀŝŐĂƟŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂŶĚŵŽǀŝŶŐŽŶĨƌŽŵ ĚŝĸĐƵůƚĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ͘ hƐĞZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ/ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚdžƉĞƌŝĞŶƟĂůtŽƌŬƐŚŽƉŐƵŝĚĞ;ƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůͿŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚŝŶŶŶĞdž͘ 31 Z^ͲϯϲϬ϶͗ZĂƉŝĚƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚDĂŶƵĂů //͘////ŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁƐǁŝƚŚĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐĂƚƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶƚLJ ůĞǀĞů ŌĞƌƚŚĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶƟĂůǁŽƌŬƐŚŽƉƐ͕ƚŚĞĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐǁŝƚŚĞĂĐŚƚLJƉĞŽĨƉĂƌƟĐͲ ŝƉĂŶƚ;ŝ͘Ğ͕͘ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐĂŶĚƉĂƌĞŶƚƐͿŵĂLJƉƌŽĐĞĞĚ͘dŚĞƐĞĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐĂƌĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚďĞͲ ĐĂƵƐĞƚŚĞLJƉƌŽǀŝĚĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞƌŝƐŬƐĂŶĚƚŚĞůŽĐĂůĂƐƐĞƚƐĂŶĚƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞůŽĐĂů ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂŶĚƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůŝĚĞŶƟĨLJĂƐƉƌŝŽƌŝƟĞƐ͘ KďũĞĐƟǀĞƐŽĨƚŚĞĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐǁŝƚŚƐĐŚŽŽůĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂĐƚŽƌƐ͗ &ŝĞůĚǁŽƌŬƐƵĐĐĞƐƐƟƉ͗ ͻ /ĚĞŶƟĨLJŬĞLJƌŝƐŬƐĨĂĐŝŶŐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂŶĚLJŽƵƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůĂŶĚ If more than two ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJůĞǀĞů͘ ĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐ ͻ /ĚĞŶƟĨLJƚŚĞůŽĐĂůĂƐƐĞƚƐĂŶĚƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůĂŶĚƚŚĞ are selected, it is rec- ďƌŽĂĚĞƌĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJŚĂǀĞƵƟůŝnjĞĚƚŽŵŝŶŝŵŝnjĞƚŚĞĞdžƉŽƐƵƌĞŽĨ ommended that only ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐƚŽƚŚĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚƌŝƐŬƐ;ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůŽƌŽƚŚĞƌǁŝƐĞͿ͘ ŽŶĞĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉďĞ ͻ ƐƚĂďůŝƐŚƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚƐ͛ƉƵďůŝĐƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞŽĨ conducted with each ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐŽƌŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĞĚŽƌƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚďLJ of the sample groups ƚŚĞDŽ͕E'KƐĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌĂĐƚŽƌƐ;ĨĂŝƚŚŐƌŽƵƉƐ͕ŚŝŐŚĞƌĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ;ŝ͘Ğ͕͘ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ƚĞĂĐŚ- ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ͕ĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘ͿĨŽƌƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶĂŶĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ers and parents), with ŐŝǀĞŶƚŚĞƌŝƐŬƐƚŚĂƚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂŶĚLJŽƵƚŚŝŶƚŚĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĨĂĐĞ͘ ĂŵĂdžŝŵƵŵŽĨĞŝŐŚƚ ƉĞŽƉůĞƉĞƌŐƌŽƵƉ͘ dŚĞƐĂŵƉůĞ͗ &ŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐĂƚƚŚĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂŶĚƐĐŚŽŽůůĞǀĞůƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐŐƌŽƵƉƐ ŽĨƉĞŽƉůĞ͗ ͻ ^ƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ͻ WĂƌĞŶƚƐ ͻ dĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ ͻ ^ĐŚŽŽůĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƚŽƌƐ;ƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůƉƌŝŶĐŝƉĂů͕ĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶƚƉƌŝŶĐŝƉĂů͕ĂĐĂĚĞŵŝĐƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĂŶĚĐŽƵŶͲ ƐĞůŝŶŐƐƚĂīͿ ƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͕ƚŚĞƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĞŝŐŚƚƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐĨŽƌ ĞĂĐŚĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƉƵƌƉŽƐĞĨƵů͘dŚŝƐŵĞĂŶƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐĂƌĞŶŽƚƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚĂƚƌĂŶͲ ĚŽŵ͕ďƵƚĐĂƌĞĨƵůůLJƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞŝƌůŝĨĞĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ͘&ŽƌƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ͕ƚŚĞƐĞůŝĨĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐƐŚŽƵůĚŝŶĐůƵĚĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚ͗;ϭͿĂĐŽŶƚĞdžƚŽĨĂĚǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĂŶĚ;ϮͿƐŽŵĞŝŶĚŝĐĂƚŽƌŽĨĚŽŝŶŐ &ŝĞůĚǁŽƌŬƐƵĐĐĞƐƐƟƉ͗ /ƚŝƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƚŚĂƚŝŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁƐǁŝƚŚĞĂĐŚŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŐƌŽƵƉƐďĞĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞůLJƐŽƚŚĂƚ ĂƩĞŶĚĞĞƐĨĞĞůĐŽŵĨŽƌƚĂďůĞƌĞƐƉŽŶĚŝŶŐƚŽƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ͘/ŶƐŽŵĞĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐŝƚŝƐǁŽƌƚŚǁŚŝůĞŚŽůĚ- ŝŶŐƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĨĞŵĂůĞĂŶĚŵĂůĞĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐƚŽŚĞůƉƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐĨĞĞůĐŽŵĨŽƌƚĂďůĞĞdžƉƌĞƐƐ- ŝŶŐƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐ͕ĂŶĚƚŽƉŝĐŬƵƉŽŶĂŶLJŐĞŶĚĞƌͲƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĂĚǀĞƌƐŝƟĞƐƚŚĂƚŵŝŐŚƚŶŽƚƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŝŶ ĂŵŝdžĞĚͲŐĞŶĚĞƌƐĞƫŶŐ͘'ŝǀĞŶƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƚŚĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƚĞĂŵŵĞŵďĞƌƐ͕ƉĂƌĂůůĞůĨŽĐƵƐ ŐƌŽƵƉƐŵĂLJďĞĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚĂƚƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƟŵĞ͘/ĨƚĞĂĐŚĞƌĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐĂƌĞŚĞůĚĚƵƌŝŶŐƐĐŚŽŽů ŚŽƵƌƐ͕ƚŚĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐŵƵƐƚƚĂŬĞŝŶƚŽĂĐĐŽƵŶƚƚŚĂƚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐǁŚŽƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞŝŶƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌ- ǀŝĞǁƐǁŝůůŶĞĞĚƐƵďƐƟƚƵƚĞƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐŽƌƐƵƉĞƌǀŝƐĞĚĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĨŽƌƚŚĞŝƌƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͘ 32 ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ;ZͿWƌŽŐƌĂŵ ǁĞůůŝŶƐƉŝƚĞŽĨĂĚǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ;ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͕ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶĐĞŝŶƐĐŚŽŽů͕ůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉ͕ĞƚĐ͘Ϳ͘&ŽƌƚŚĞƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐ ĨŽƌƚŚĞƚĞĂĐŚĞƌĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉ͕ƐĞůĞĐƟŶŐĂƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐĞĂĐŚŐƌĂĚĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůŵĂLJďĞ ĂŶŽƉƟŽŶ͘ ^ĐŽƉĞ͗dŚĞĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐǁŝůůƉƌŽĐĞĞĚĂƐĨŽůůŽǁƐ͗ ͻ WƌĞƐĞŶƚƚŚĞƉƵƌƉŽƐĞŽĨƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁ͕ŝ͘Ğ͕͘ƚŽĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŚŽǁƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ;ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐͿƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞĂĚǀĞƌƐŝƚLJƚŚĞLJĐŽŶĨƌŽŶƚ͕ƚŚĞŝƌǁĂLJƐŽĨĐŽƉŝŶŐǁŝƚŚƚŚŝƐ ĂĚǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͕ĂŶĚƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚƐƚŽďĞƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚďLJƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐLJƐƚĞŵ͘ ͻ &ĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞĂĐŽŶǀĞƌƐĂƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƌŝƐŬƐƚŽǁŚŝĐŚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂŶĚLJŽƵƚŚĂƌĞĞdžƉŽƐĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĐŽŵͲ ŵƵŶŝƚLJĂŶĚŝŶƐĐŚŽŽů͘ĂƉƚƵƌĞƚŚĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚǀŝĞǁƐ͕ĂŶĚ͕ŝĨƉŽƐƐŝďůĞǁƌŝƚĞĚŽǁŶŬĞLJǁŽƌĚƐ;ŽŶ ƚŚĞďůĂĐŬďŽĂƌĚŽƌŇŝƉĐŚĂƌƚͿƚŚĂƚƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƚŚĞǀĂƌŝŽƵƐƌŝƐŬƐŵĞŶƟŽŶĞĚ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌůŽĐĂƟŽŶ͘ /ĨŶŽŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐĂƌĞĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ͕ĂĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶƚƐŚŽƵůĚĐĂƉƚƵƌĞƚŚŝƐůŝƐƚŽĨƌŝƐŬƐŽŶƉĂƉĞƌ ŽƌĂĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌ͘ ͻ DŽǀĞƚŚĞĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶƚŽƚŚĞǁĂLJƐƚŚĞƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐŚĂǀĞĐŽƉĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌŝƐŬƐůŝƐƚĞĚ;ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐͲ ĨƵůůLJŽƌŶŽƚͿĂŶĚĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞĂĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĂƐƐĞƚƐĂŶĚĞdžƚĞƌŶĂůƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚ ĂƌĞŽĨƌĞůĞǀĂŶĐĞƚŽƚŚĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ͕ĂŶĚǁŚŝĐŚĂƉƉĞĂƌƚŽŶŽƚŚĂǀĞǁŽƌŬĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƉĂƐƚ͘Ɛ ǁŝƚŚƌŝƐŬƐ͕ŵĂŬĞƉƵďůŝĐŶŽƚĞƐ;ŽŶďůĂĐŬďŽĂƌĚŽƌŇŝƉĐŚĂƌƚƐͿŽĨŬĞLJǁŽƌĚƐƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞƐĞ ƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĂƐƐĞƚƐŽƌĞdžƚĞƌŶĂůƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐ͘/ĨŶŽŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐĂƌĞĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ͕ĂĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶƚ ƐŚŽƵůĚĐĂƉƚƵƌĞƚŚŝƐůŝƐƚŽĨƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĂƐƐĞƚƐĂŶĚůŽĐĂůƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐ͘ ͻ hƐĞƚŚĞůŝƐƚŽĨƌŝƐŬƐ͕ƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĂƐƐĞƚƐ͕ĂŶĚůŽĐĂůĞdžƚĞƌŶĂůƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚďLJƚŚĞƉĂƌƟĐŝͲ ƉĂŶƚƐƚŽƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƌŝƐŬƐ͕ƚŽƉϱƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĂƐƐĞƚƐ͕ĂŶĚƚŽƉϱĞdžƚĞƌŶĂůƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐ;ŝĨƚŚĞƐĞ ĂƌĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐďLJDŽŽƌŽƚŚĞƌĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ͕ƉůĞĂƐĞŶŽƚĞŽƌĂƐŬŝĨƚŚĞƐĞĞdžŝƐƚƐͿ͘ ͻ WƌĞƐĞŶƚƚŚĞƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐĂŶĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚĂƚƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůDŽůĞǀĞůĨŽĐƵƐ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ͘tŽƌŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐƚŽĮŶĚĂǁĂLJŽĨĚĞƐĐƌŝďŝŶŐƚŚĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐƚŚĂƚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ͕ĂŶĚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐŝŶƚŚĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJǁŝůůƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ͘hƐĞƚŚĞƐĞĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚĞZ^Ͳ ϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞ͕ƌĂƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶĂĐƚƵĂůƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŶĂŵĞƐ͘ hƐĞůŽĐĂůĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉŐƵŝĚĞ;ƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůͿŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚŝŶŶŶĞdž͘ ZĞƐƵůƚƐ dŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞĞdžƉĞĐƚĞĚƌĞƐƵůƚƐŽĨƚŚĞĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉĂƚƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůůĞǀĞů;ƐĐŚŽŽůĂŶĚĐŽŵͲ ŵƵŶŝƚLJͿ͗ ͻ ƚLJƉŽůŽŐLJŽĨƵƉƚŽϱƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞĚƌŝƐŬƐĂƚƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůůĞǀĞů͗dŚĞƌŝƐŬƐƚŽǁŚŝĐŚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĂƌĞ ĞdžƉŽƐĞĚďŽƚŚǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂŶĚƐĐŚŽŽů ͻ ƚLJƉŽůŽŐLJŽĨƵƉƚŽϱƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞĚƐĐŚŽŽů͕ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ͕ĂŶĚĨĂŵŝůLJƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚƐͬĂƐƐĞƚƐͬƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ͗ dŚĞƚLJƉŽůŽŐLJŽĨƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ͕ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ͕ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ͕ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ͕ƉůĂĐĞƐ͕ƉĞŽƉůĞŽƌŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƉŽƐŝƟǀĞƐƵƉƉŽƌƚŝŶŵŝƟŐĂƟŶŐƌŝƐŬĂŶĚƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ͻ ƌĞǀŝƐĞĚǁŽƌĚŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞDŽ͛ƐƚLJƉŽůŽŐLJŽĨϱƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞĚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐĂŶĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐƐŽƚŚĂƚƐƚƵͲ ĚĞŶƚƐ͕ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ͕ĂŶĚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐĐĂŶƌĞĐŽŐŶŝnjĞƚŚĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐůŽĐĂůůLJ dŚĞƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞĚƌŝƐŬƐĂƌĞĂĚĚĞĚƚŽƚŚĞůŝƐƚŽĨƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞĚƌŝƐŬƐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚĂƚƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĞǀĞů ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶĞĚŝŶ^ĞĐƟŽŶ;ZŝƐŬƐͿŽĨƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞ͘dŚĞϱƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞĚƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚƐͬĂƐƐĞƚƐͬ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐĂƌĞĂĚĚĞĚƚŽƚŚĞƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĞǀĞůƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐĂŶĚŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚĂƐŝƚĞŵƐŝŶ^ĞĐƟŽŶ ;ƐƐĞƚƐͿŽĨƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞ;^ĞĞŶŶĞdžĨŽƌƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣYƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞdĞŵƉůĂƚĞͿ͘ 33 Z^ͲϯϲϬ϶͗ZĂƉŝĚƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚDĂŶƵĂů ŚĂƉƚĞƌ///͘ĞƐŝŐŶŽĨƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣYƵĞƐͲ ƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞĂŶĚ^ƵƌǀĞLJĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ dŚŝƐĐŚĂƉƚĞƌƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐƚŚĞƋƵĂŶƟƚĂƟǀĞƉŚĂƐĞĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽů dŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞ ůĞǀĞůƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚĂŶĚƚŚĞĚĞƐŝŐŶĂŶĚĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶŽĨ dŚĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ ƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞ͘ƐŵĞŶƟŽŶĞĚĞĂƌůŝĞƌ͕ƚŚĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ items regarding the risks, ŽĨŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĨŽƌƚŚĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞŝƚĞŵƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐŶĂƟŽŶĂů assets and supports avail- ĂŶĚůŽĐĂůƌŝƐŬƐ͕ĂƐƐĞƚƐ͕ĂŶĚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐŝƐƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚďLJƚŚĞƋƵĂůŝƚĂͲ ĂďůĞĨŽƌƐĐŚŽŽůƐĂŶĚƚŚĞ ƟǀĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚůŽĐĂůĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚƐŝŶƚŚĞĨŽƌŵŽĨĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐŝŶǁŚŝĐŚƚŚĞLJ ;ƐĞĞŚĂƉƚĞƌ//ĂŶĚŶŶĞdžĂŶĚͿ͘dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞƚŚƌĞĞƐƚĂŐĞƐƚŽ ĂƌĞƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚ͘dŚĞĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚŝƐĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚ͗ of this data will provide: ͻ Z^ͲϯϲϬΣYƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞĞƐŝŐŶ͗dŚĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞĚĞƐŝŐŶ ϭ͘ ĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ- ǁŝůůďĞďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƚLJƉŽůŽŐLJŽĨƌŝƐŬƐ͕ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚƐĂŶĚƉƌŽͲ ŝŶŐĂƚƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚ ŐƌĂŵƐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞDŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨ local levels of the risks ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͘ ĐŽŶĨƌŽŶƚĞĚďLJƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ͻ ĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽĨZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞƐ͗ĂƐĞĚŽŶ as well as resources ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞƟŵĞĂŶĚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕ƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞ ĂŶĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ǁŝůůŽŶůLJďĞĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚĞƌĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͕ŽƚŚĞƌ to the school commu- ƐĐŚŽŽůƐŝŶĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐŽĨĂĚǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͕ŽƌŝŶƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂͲ ŶŝƚLJ͘ ƟǀĞ;ƐƚĂƟƐƟĐĂůͿƐĂŵƉůĞƐ͘ Ϯ͘ /ĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞ ͻ ŶĂůLJƐŝƐŽĨƚŚĞƌĞƐƵůƚƐŽĨƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞ͗dŚĞ risks within schools as ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐŽĨƚŚĞƐƵƌǀĞLJĚĂƚĂͶĂůŽŶŐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĮŶĚŝŶŐƐŽĨƚŚĞ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƟĞƐĨŽƌŵŝƟŐĂ- ŶĂƟŽŶĂůĚĂƚĂĂŶĚĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐͶǁŝůůƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƚŚĞďĂƐŝƐĨŽƌ ƟŽŶďLJƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ƚŚĞƉƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŽƵŶƚƌLJZĞƉŽƌƚƐ;ŝ͘Ğ͕͘ƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŽƚŚĞ system DŽĂŶĚƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŶŐƐĐŚŽŽůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐͿ͘ ϯ͘ Alignment of educa- ƟŽŶƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐƚŽĨŽƐƚĞƌ ///͘/Z^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞĚĞƐŝŐŶ local assets to promote ƉŽƐŝƟǀĞĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ͘dŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞŝƐĚŝǀŝĚĞĚŝŶƚŽƚǁŽƐĞĐƟŽŶƐ͗ ĂŵŽŶŐĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵ- ŵƵŶŝƟĞƐƚŽŵŝƟŐĂƚĞ ϭ͘ WƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞĚZŝƐŬƐĐŽŶĨƌŽŶƟŶŐLJŽƵƚŚĂƚƚŚĞ^ĐŚŽŽů͕,ŽŵĞ͕ risks in adverse con- ĂŶĚ^ƚƌĞĞƚƐ;ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJͿ͗dŚĞŝƚĞŵƐĂƌĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚĞĚďĂƐĞĚ ƚĞdžƚƐ͘ ŽŶƚŚĞƌŝƐŬƐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚďLJƚŚĞDŽĂŶĚďLJƚŚĞĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞ ƐĐŚŽŽůƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞŝƌƌĞƐƉĞĐƟǀĞĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐ͘dŚĞƋƵĞƐͲ ƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞǁŝůůĂƐŬƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞƉƌĞǀĂůĞŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞƌŝƐŬƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐ͘ Ϯ͘ WƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞĚ^ƵƉƉŽƌƚWƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ͕^ĐŚŽŽůĂŶĚŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJƐƐĞƚƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞƚŽLJŽƵƚŚĂƚ^ĐŚŽŽů͕ ,ŽŵĞŽƌŝŶƚŚĞŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ͗dŚŝƐƐĞĐƟŽŶǁŝůůŝŶĐůƵĚĞŝƚĞŵƐƚŚĂƚůŝƐƚƚŚĞĂƐƐĞƚƐ͕ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚƐŽƌ ƉŽƐŝƟǀĞĐŽƉŝŶŐƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐƚŚĂƚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐĂƌĞƵƟůŝnjŝŶŐƚŽĐŽƉĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞ ƌŝƐŬƐƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĂƌĞĞdžƉŽƐĞĚƚŽ͘/ƚĂůƐŽŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐĂŶLJĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐŽƌƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐƚŚĂƚĐĂŶ ďĞƵƟůŝƐĞĚƚŽƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŚĞŵŝƟŐĂƟŽŶŽĨƌŝƐŬƐĂŶĚƚŚĞĐŽƉŝŶŐƐŬŝůůƐŽĨĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘ dŚĞůŝƐƚŽĨŝƚĞŵƐŝƐĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚĞĚŽŶůLJĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁƐǁŝƚŚĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐ;ŶŽƚDŽ ŝŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁƐͿ͘dŚĞŝƚĞŵƐĂƌĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚĞĚďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚďLJƚŚĞDŽĂŶĚ ƚŚĞĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞŝƌƌĞƐƉĞĐƟǀĞĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐ͘ƐǁŝƚŚƌŝƐŬƐ͕ƚŚĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶͲ 34 ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ;ZͿWƌŽŐƌĂŵ ŶĂŝƌĞǁŝůůĂƐŬƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞƉƌĞǀĂůĞŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞƚŽ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐ͘ ͘dŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐǁŝůůƚĂŬĞƉůĂĐĞĨŽƌƚŚĞĚĞƐŝŐŶŽĨƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞ͗ dŚĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞƐŝƐďĂƐĞĚŽŶĚĂƚĂĐŽůůĞĐƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂůůLJĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞͲĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͘dŚĞƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞŽĨƚŚĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞŝƐƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ;ƐĞĞŶŶĞdž ĨŽƌƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣYƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞdĞŵƉůĂƚĞͿ͗ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ͗džƉŽƐƵƌĞƚŽƌŝƐŬƐ Ă͘ hƉƚŽϭϬƌŝƐŬƐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚŽŶůLJďLJƚŚĞDŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ď͘ hƉƚŽϭϬƌŝƐŬƐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚŽŶůLJďLJƚŚĞĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ͗ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂƐƐĞƚƐ Ă͘ hƉƚŽϭϬƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐͬƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐͬƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚďLJƚŚĞDŽ͕ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚďLJĞŝƚŚĞƌƚŚĞDŽ ŽƌŽƚŚĞƌĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ;ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ͕ƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶƐ͕ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶƐ͕E'KƐŽƌƚŚĞ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJŝƚƐĞůĨͿ ď͘ hƉƚŽϭϬƐĐŚŽŽůĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂƐƐĞƚƐͬƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐͬƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚďLJƚŚĞĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞ ƐĐŚŽŽůƐ ŶŶĞdžƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐƚŚĞƚĞŵƉůĂƚĞĨŽƌƚŚĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞƐ͘ &ŝĞůĚǁŽƌŬƐƵĐĐĞƐƐƟƉ͗ <ĞĞƉŶŽƚĞŽĨǁŚŝĐŚŝƚĞŵƐĨŽƌƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞĚƌŝƐŬƐĂŶĚĂƐƐĞƚƐǁĞƌĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚĂƚƚŚĞDŽůĞǀĞů͕ ĂŶĚǁŚŝĐŚŝƚĞŵƐĨŽƌƌŝƐŬƐĂŶĚĂƐƐĞƚƐǁĞƌĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚĂƚƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJůĞǀĞů͘dŚŝƐ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶǁŝůůďĞƵƐĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐŽĨƚŚĞƋƵĂŶƟƚĂƟǀĞĚĂƚĂ͘ ///͘//ĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞƐŝŶƚŚĞƐĂŵͲ ƉůĞŽĨƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚƐĐŚŽŽůƐ ͘^ĞůĞĐƟŽŶŽĨƐĐŚŽŽůƐĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĂŵƉůĞ͗ dŚĞƐĂŵƉůĞŽĨƐĐŚŽŽůƐƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŶŐŝŶZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞŝƐŇĞdžŝďůĞĂŶĚĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌƐďŽƚŚ ƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂůĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂĂŶĚƚŚĞƟŵĞĂŶĚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞƚŽƚŚĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƚĞĂŵ͘KƉƟŽŶƐŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣǁŝƚŚŝŶ;ϭͿƚŚĞĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͕;ϮͿƐĐŚŽŽůƐŝŶŽƚŚĞƌƌŝƐŬĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐ ŝŶƚŚĞĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ͕ĂŶĚͬŽƌ;ϯͿŝŶĂƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞ;ƐƚĂƟƐƟĐĂůͿƐĂŵƉůĞŽĨĂŶŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚĞĚƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ͘ /ŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞƐĂŵƉůĞƚLJƉĞĂŶĚƐŝnjĞ͕ƚŚĞDŽŵƵƐƚŐƵĂƌĂŶƚĞĞƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐƉƵƌƉŽƐĞĨƵů ĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂĨŽƌĂůůƐĂŵƉůĞƐĨŽƌĂƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƐƚƵĚLJ͗ ͻ ^ĐŚŽŽůƐůŽĐĂƚĞĚŝŶĂƌĞĂƐŽĨŚŝŐŚƌŝƐŬ͘ ͻ dŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJŝƐŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚĞĚŝŶĂĐƟǀĞůLJƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ͘ dŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐƚŽĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚĞƌƚŚĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞŝƐƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĂĐƌŽƐƐĂŶLJƐĂŵƉůĞƚLJƉĞ͘,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ƐŽŵĞŐƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞƐĂŵƉůĞƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶĂŶĚŚŽǁƚŽĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞĂĐŚƐĂŵƉůĞĂƌĞƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ ďĞůŽǁ͘ ϯϱ Z^ͲϯϲϬ϶͗ZĂƉŝĚƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚDĂŶƵĂů Z^ͲϯϲϬΣ^ƵƌǀĞLJ^ĂŵƉůĞ'ƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐtŚĞŶƉƉůŝĞĚKŶůLJŝŶƌŝƟĐĂůĂƐĞ^ĐŚŽŽůƐ͗ƐĂŵƉůĞ ĐŽŵƉƌŝƐŝŶŐƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐĨƌŽŵŽŶůLJƚŚĞĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐǁŽƵůĚďĞďĂƐĞĚŽŶĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĂŶĚ ƉƵƌƉŽƐĞĨƵů͕ŶŽŶƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝƚLJƐĂŵƉůŝŶŐͶŶŽƚƐƚĂƟƐƟĐĂůƐĂŵƉůŝŶŐ;ƚŚŝƐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƐƚĂƚĞĚŝŶLJŽƵƌ ƌĞƉŽƌƚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĐĂƵƟŽŶƚŚĂƚĮŶĚŝŶŐƐĐĂŶŶŽƚďĞŐĞŶĞƌĂůŝnjĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŽĂĚĞƌƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ͕ďƵƚŽŶůLJ ƚŽŽƚŚĞƌĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐͿ͘tŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŶŐƐĐŚŽŽů͕ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐĂƌĞƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƌĂŶĚŽŵƐĂŵƉůŝŶŐ͘^ĂŵƉůŝŶŐŝƐĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞƌĞŐŝƐƚƌĂƌŽĨƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽů͘ƚůĞĂƐƚϭϱйŽĨƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞŝŶǀŝƚĞĚƚŽƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞ͘&ŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ĐŽŶƐĞŶƚƚŽƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞŝŶƚŚĞƐƚƵĚLJ͕ŝƚŝƐĂŶƟĐŝƉĂƚĞĚƚŚĂƚŽŶůLJϭϬйŽĨƚŚĞƚŽƚĂůƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƉŽƉƵůĂͲ ƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůǁŝůůƌĞŵĂŝŶŝŶƚŚĞƐĂŵƉůĞ͘WĂƌĞŶƚƐͬůĞŐĂůŐƵĂƌĚŝĂŶƐŽĨƚŚŽƐĞLJŽƵƚŚŝŶƚŚĞƐƚƵĚLJ ƐŚŽƵůĚĂůƐŽďĞŝŶǀŝƚĞĚƚŽƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞ͘ůůƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐĂŶĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐƚĂīƐŚŽƵůĚďĞŝŶǀŝƚĞĚƚŽĐŽŵͲ ƉůĞƚĞƚŚĞƐƵƌǀĞLJ͘/ƚŝƐĂŶƟĐŝƉĂƚĞĚƚŚĂƚŽŶůLJϱϬйŽĨƐƚĂīǁŝůůĂĐƚƵĂůůLJĐŽŶƐĞŶƚ͘/ŶƐĐŚŽŽůƐǁŝƚŚϭϱϬ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐŽƌĨĞǁĞƌ͕ĂůůƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌƉĂƌĞŶƚƐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞŝŶǀŝƚĞĚƚŽƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞ͘ Z^ͲϯϲϬΣ^ƵƌǀĞLJ^ĂŵƉůĞ'ƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐĨŽƌĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůŽŵƉĂƌĂƟǀĞĂƐĞ^ĐŚŽŽůƐŝŶŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ŽŶƚĞdžƚƐŽĨĚǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͗hƉƚŽĨŽƵƌĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůƐĐŚŽŽůƐĂƌĞĂĚĚĞĚƚŽƚŚĞĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐĂŵͲ ƉůĞ͘dŚĞDŽǁŽƵůĚĂŐĂŝŶďĞŝŶǀŝƚĞĚƚŽŝĚĞŶƟĨLJƚŚĞƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͘dŚĞĐƌŝƚĞƌŝŽŶŝƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐ ďĞƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚŝŶĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƌĞŐŝŽŶƐŽƌĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐŽĨƚŚĞĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ͕ĨĂĐŝŶŐĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƚLJƉĞƐŽĨĂĚǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ƌƵƌĂůĂŶĚƵƌďĂŶƌĞŐŝŽŶƐ͖ŵĂũŽƌŝƚLJ͕ŵŝŶŽƌŝƚLJĂŶĚŝŶĚŝŐĞŶŽƵƐƌĞŐŝŽŶƐ͖ĞƚĐ͘Ϳ͘tŝƚŚŝŶĞĂĐŚŽĨ ƚŚĞƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͕ƚŚĞƐƵƌǀĞLJƐĂŵƉůŝŶŐƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJĨŽƌƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ;ǁŝƚŚŝŶĂƐĐŚŽŽůͿ ŝƐƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĂƐĨŽƌĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐĚŝƐĐƵƐƐĞĚĂďŽǀĞ͘dŚĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞŝƐŝŶƚŚĞƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞ ƐĐŚŽŽůƐƚŚĂƚǁŽƵůĚƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞŝŶƚŚĞƐƵƌǀĞLJ͘ĞƉĞŶĚŝŶŐŽŶƚŚĞƟŵĞĂŶĚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ͕ƵƉ ƚŽƚǁŽƐĐŚŽŽůƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƚLJƉĞŽĨƌĞŐŝŽŶĂƌĞƚŽďĞƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚƚŽƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞŝŶƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƐƵƌǀĞLJ͘ ƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͕ƚŚŝƐŽƉƟŽŶŵĂŬĞƐƵƐĞŽĨƉƵƌƉŽƐĞĨƵů͕ŶŽŶƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝƚLJƐĂŵƉůŝŶŐ͕ ƌĂƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶƐƚĂƟƐƟĐĂůƐĂŵƉůŝŶŐ͘ŐĂŝŶ͕ƚŚŝƐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƐƚĂƚĞĚŝŶLJŽƵƌƌĞƉŽƌƚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĐĂƵƟŽŶ ƚŚĂƚĮŶĚŝŶŐƐĐĂŶŶŽƚďĞŐĞŶĞƌĂůŝnjĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŽĂĚĞƌƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ͕ďƵƚŽŶůLJƚŽŽƚŚĞƌĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐ͘/ŶďŽƚŚŝŶƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ;ŝ͘Ğ͕͘ƚŚĞĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐŽŶůLJĂŶĚ ƚŚĞĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌǁŝƚŚƐĐŚŽŽůƐŝŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐŽĨĂĚǀĞƌƐŝƚLJͿĮŶĚŝŶŐƐǁŝůů ďĞǀĂůƵĂďůĞŝŶŝŶŝƟĂůƐƚĂŐĞƐŽĨƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐƚŚĞĐŽŶƚĞdžƚŽĨĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂŶĚLJŽƵƚŚŝŶƚŚĞĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ ĂŶĚŚŽǁĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐLJƐƚĞŵƐĐĂŶƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƉŽƐŝƟǀĞĂŶĚŚĞĂůƚŚLJŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂŶĚLJŽƵƚŚ͘ &ŝŶĚŝŶŐƐĐĂŶďĞŬĞLJŝŶƐĞƫŶŐƚŚĞĐƵƌƌĞŶƚƐĐĞŶĞ͕ŐĞƫŶŐƚŚĞĂƩĞŶƟŽŶŽĨŬĞLJƉůĂLJĞƌƐŝŶĐŽŵŵƵͲ ŶŝƚLJĂŶĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐ͕ĂŶĚŝŶƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌŝŶŐĨƵƚƵƌĞ͕ůĂƌŐĞƌƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞŵŽƌĞ ĂĐĐƵƌĂƚĞůLJĂůŝŐŶĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĞĂůŝƟĞƐŽĨƚŚĞĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ͘ƐƐƵĐŚ͕ƚŚĞƐĞŽƉƟŽŶƐƐŚŽƵůĚŶŽƚďĞĚŝƐͲ ĐŽƵŶƚĞĚďLJƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐ͘ Z^ͲϯϲϬΣ^ƵƌǀĞLJ'ƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐĨŽƌĂ^ƚĂƟƐƟĐĂůůLJZĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞ^ĂŵƉůĞ͗ WƌŽďĂďŝůŝƚLJƐĂŵƉůŝŶŐŝƐ ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚƌŝŐŽƌŽƵƐŝŶŐĞŶĞƌĂůŝnjŝŶŐĮŶĚŝŶŐƐŽĨƚŚĞƌŝƐŬƐ͕ĂƐƐĞƚƐĂŶĚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚĚƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚůŽĐĂůĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐƚŽƚŚĞLJŽƵƚŚƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĐŽƵŶƚƌLJĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞ͘,ŽǁĞǀͲ Ğƌ͕ŝƚǁŝůůƚĂŬĞƚŚĞůŽŶŐĞƐƚŽĨƚŚĞƐĂŵƉůŝŶŐŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ;ƐŝdžŽƌŵŽƌĞŵŽŶƚŚƐͿĂŶĚƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐƐƉĞĐŝĮĐ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƐŬŝůůƐ͘ZĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐƚŽŐƵŝĚĞƐƚĂƟƐƟĐĂůƐĂŵƉůŝŶŐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐĐĂŶďĞĨŽƵŶĚĂƚŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ ƐŽĐŝĂůƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ͘ŶĞƚͬŬďͬƐĂŵƉƉƌŽď͘ƉŚƉ͘dŚĞĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĂĚǀŽĐĂƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚŝƐƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ ĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŝƐƐƚƌĂƟĮĞĚƐĂŵƉůŝŶŐ͘,ĞƌĞƚŚĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƚĞĂŵǁŝůůƉƵƌƉŽƐĞĨƵůůLJƐĞůĞĐƚ ƐĐŚŽŽůƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂůůƐƵďŐƌŽƵƉƐŽĨƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ͘tŝƚŚŝŶĞĂĐŚŽĨƚŚĞƐƵďŐƌŽƵƉƐ͕ ƐĐŚŽŽůƐĂƌĞƌĂŶĚŽŵůLJƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚĨŽƌƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ͘^ŝŵŝůĂƌůLJ͕ǁŝƚŚŝŶĞĂĐŚŽĨƚŚĞƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͕ƐƚƵͲ ĚĞŶƚƐ͕ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐĂŶĚƉĂƌĞŶƚƐĂƌĞƌĂŶĚŽŵůLJƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚĨŽƌƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ͘/ŶƚŚŝƐǁĂLJ͕ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐ ĂƩĂŝŶĂƌĂŶĚŽŵƐĂŵƉůĞŽĨƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞƐƟůůƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞŽĨƚŚĞƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞ͘ ϯϲ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ;ZͿWƌŽŐƌĂŵ dŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĞŽƉůĞŝŶǀŝƚĞĚƚŽƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞŝƐŝŶĨŽƌŵĞĚďLJďŽƚŚƚŚĞĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ƚĞĂŵ;ŝ͘Ğ͕͘ƟŵĞĐŽŵŵŝƚŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚĮŶĂŶĐŝĂůĂŶĚƐƚĂĸŶŐƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐͿĂŶĚƚŚĞƐƚĂƟƐƟĐĂůƉŽǁĞƌ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ͘DŽƌĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƐƚĂƟƐƟĐĂůƉŽǁĞƌĐĂŶďĞĨŽƵŶĚĂƚŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ƐŽĐŝĂůƌĞͲ ƐĞĂƌĐŚŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ͘ŶĞƚͬŬďͬƉŽǁĞƌ͘ƉŚƉĂŶĚĂƵƐĞĨƵůĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌŝƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ƐƵƌǀĞLJͲ ƐLJƐƚĞŵ͘ĐŽŵͬƐƐĐĂůĐ͘Śƚŵ͘tŚŝůĞƚŚĞƐĞƚŽŽůƐĂƌĞŚĞůƉĨƵů͕ĂŐƌŽƵƉŽĨĂƉƉƌŽdžŝŵĂƚĞůLJϭϬϬϬLJŽƵƚŚŝŶ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶƚŽƉĂƌĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƐĐŚŽŽůƐƚĂīǁŽƵůĚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĂƐƚƌŽŶŐƐĂŵƉůĞ͘ ͘ĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽĨZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞƐ ĐĐĞƐƐĂŶĚdƌƵƐƚ͘ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐƐŚŽƵůĚǀŝƐŝƚƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐƚŽďĞƐƵƌǀĞLJĞĚĂƚůĞĂƐƚŽŶĞĚĂLJďĞĨŽƌĞƚŚĞ ƐƵƌǀĞLJŝƐĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚĞƌĞĚ͘dŚŝƐǀŝƐŝƚŝƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŶŽƚŽŶůLJĨŽƌďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƚƌƵƐƚǁŝƚŚƐĐŚŽŽůƉƌŝŶĐŝƉĂůƐ ĂŶĚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ďƵƚĂůƐŽĨŽƌĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƟŶŐƚŚĞůŽŐŝƐƟĐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐƵƌǀĞLJ͘dŚĞůŽŐŝƐƟĐƐĨŽƌƚŚĞĂĚŵŝŶŝƐͲ ƚƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞƐĂƌĞǀĞƌLJŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ͘ ͻ dŚĞƌĞŵƵƐƚďĞĂƐƵĸĐŝĞŶƚŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚƐĨŽƌĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ͘ ͻ ŽŶƐĞŶƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚĨƌŽŵĂůůƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚƐͬƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐ͘ ͻ dŚĞƌĞƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĞŶŽƵŐŚĐŽƉŝĞƐŽĨƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞĂŶĚŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐ;ƉĞŶĐŝůƐ͕ĨŽůĚͲ ĞƌƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘ͿĨŽƌƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐ͘ ͻ ůůƐƵƌǀĞLJŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐ;ŝ͘Ğ͕͘Z^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞ͕ĐŽŶƐĞŶƚĨŽƌŵƐ͕ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚĨŽůĚĞƌƐ͕ƉĞŶĐŝůƐ͕ ĞƚĐ͘ͿƐŚŽƵůĚďĞŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĞĚďLJƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚŐƌŽƵƉ;ŝ͘Ğ͕͘ĐůĂƐƐŽĨƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ŐƌŽƵƉƐŽĨƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘Ϳ͘ ͻ ŽƚŚƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞƐĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚĂŶĚƚŚĞƚŽƚĂůŶƵŵďĞƌĐŽůůĞĐƚĞĚŵƵƐƚďĞ ĐŽƵŶƚĞĚ͘ KŶĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ͕ƚŚĞƐƵƌǀĞLJƐŚŽƵůĚƚĂŬĞϯϬŵŝŶƵƚĞƐƚŽĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞ͘/ƚŝƐƐƚƌŽŶŐůLJƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĞĚƚŚĂƚ ĞǀĞƌLJƋƵĞƐƟŽŶďĞƌĞĂĚĂůŽƵĚƚŽƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĂƐƚŚĞLJĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞƚŚĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞ͘dŚŝƐĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ƐŚŽƵůĚĂůƐŽďĞĨŽůůŽǁĞĚĨŽƌƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ͕ĚĞƉĞŶĚŝŶŐŽŶůŝƚĞƌĂĐLJůĞǀĞůƐ͘ ///͘///ŶĂůLJƐŝƐŽĨƚŚĞĚĂƚĂĨƌŽŵƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞƐ KŶĐĞƚŚĞĚĂƚĂŚĂƐďĞĞŶĐŽůůĞĐƚĞĚ͕ŝƚŵƵƐƚďĞĞŶƚĞƌĞĚŝŶƚŽƚŚĞ^W^^ĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚĂŶĚĂŶĂͲ ůLJnjĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚ^W^^ƐLJŶƚĂdž͘ŶŶĞdžƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐĂƐƚĞƉͲďLJͲƐƚĞƉƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŽĨŚŽǁƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚͲ ĞƌƐĐĂŶĐƵƐƚŽŵŝnjĞƚŚĞĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞĂŶĚƐLJŶƚĂdž͘ŶŶĞdž&ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĂƚĞŵƉůĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞŶƵŵĞƌŝĐǀĂůƵĞƐ ƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĞŶƚĞƌĞĚŝŶƚŽƚŚĞ^W^^ĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƚŚĞĚĂƚĂĐŽŶƚĂŝŶĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶͲ ŶĂŝƌĞƐ͘ŶŶĞdž,ĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞƐƐƚĞƉͲďLJͲƐƚĞƉŚŽǁƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĐĂŶĂŶĂůLJnjĞƚŚĞƋƵĂŶƟƚĂƟǀĞĚĂƚĂ͘ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĐĂŶĂůƐŽĂĚĂƉƚƚŚĞƐĞƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĂŶĚĂŶĂůLJnjĞĚĂƚĂŝŶŽƚŚĞƌůŽĐĂůůLJƵƐĞĚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ͘ KŶĐĞĚĂƚĂŚĂƐďĞĞŶĐĂƉƚƵƌĞĚ͕ƚŚĞĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐŽƵƚůŝŶĞƐŝŶŶŶĞdž,ǁŝůůŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞŽƵƚƉƵƚŽŶƚŚĞĨŽůͲ ůŽǁŝŶŐŝƐƐƵĞƐ͗ ͻ ƌŝƟĐĂůƌŝƐŬƐ ĂƌĞƌŝƐŬƐƚŚĂƚĂĐƚŽƌƐŝŶƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌƚŽďĞŚĂƉƉĞŶŝŶŐ ĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶƚůLJ͘dŚĞƐĞĂĐƚŽƌƐŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ͕ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐĂŶĚƐĐŚŽŽůĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƚŽƌƐ͘ dŚĞŽƵƚƉƵƚǁŝůůƐŚŽǁǁŚĂƚĞĂĐŚŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŐƌŽƵƉƐĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌƚŽďĞƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĐƌŝƟĐĂůƌŝƐŬƐĨĂĐŝŶŐ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐŝŶƚŚĞĐŽŶƚĞdžƚŽĨƚŚĞĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ͘ ͻ >ĂƚĞŶƚƌŝƐŬƐĂƌĞƌŝƐŬƐƚŚĂƚŵĂLJŶŽƚĐƵƌƌĞŶƚůLJďĞŽĐĐƵƌƌŝŶŐǁŝƚŚŐƌĞĂƚĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJ͕ďƵƚĐŽƵůĚ ďĞĐŽŵĞŽĨĐŽŶĐĞƌŶŝĨŶŽƚĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞĚ͘ŐĂŝŶ͕ƚŚĞŽƵƚƉƵƚǁŝůůƌĞŇĞĐƚǁŚĂƚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ͕ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐĂŶĚŵĞŵďĞƌƐŽĨƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞĂƌĞŚĂƉƉĞŶŝŶŐ͞ƐŽŵĞǁŚĂƚ͟ŝŶ ϯϳ Z^ͲϯϲϬ϶͗ZĂƉŝĚƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚDĂŶƵĂů ƚŚĞůŝǀĞƐŽĨƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͘ ͻ >ŽĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƌŝƐŬƐŽƵƚƉƵƚǁŝůůƐŚŽǁǁŚĞƌĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĂƌĞĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐŝŶŐƚŚĞƚŽƉĮǀĞƌŝƐŬƐŽĨĞĂĐŚ ŐƌŽƵƉŽĨĂĐƚŽƌƐ͘ůůĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐĂƌĞĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ͗ƐĐŚŽŽů͕ŚŽŵĞĂŶĚƚŚĞƐƚƌĞĞƚƐŽĨ ƚŚĞŶĞŝŐŚďŽƌŚŽŽĚ͘/ƚŝƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƚŽƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚǁŚĞƌĞƌŝƐŬƐĂƌĞƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚƚŽĞŶƐƵƌĞƚŚĂƚƌĞͲ ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĂƌĞƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚŝŶƚĞƌŵƐŽĨƌŝƐŬƐƚŽƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ƚŚĞŝƌĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ͘ dŚŝƐŽƵƚƉƵƚǁŝůůĂůƐŽďĞŚĞůƉĨƵůŝŶƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐǁŚĂƚĞdžƚĞƌŶĂůƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚͲ ĞĚŝŶƚŽĞīŽƌƚƐďLJƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJƚŽĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞƉŽƐŝƟǀĞŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐĨŽƌƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͘ ͻ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂƐƐĞƚƐǁŝƚŚŝŶƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͕ĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĂƐƐĞƚƐ ďĞLJŽŶĚƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐĂŶĚƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚďLJƚŚĞDŽĂŶĚ E'KƐͿ͘ƐǁŝƚŚƌŝƐŬƐ͕ƚŚĞƐĞƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĂƌĞĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚŝŶƚĞƌŵƐŽĨŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞƚŽƚŚĞĨŽƵƌ ŐƌŽƵƉƐŽĨĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂĐƚŽƌƐ͘ ͻ ǀĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞƚŽƉĮǀĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂƐƐĞƚƐŝƐƌĞǀŝĞǁĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞŽĨ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͘ ŽůůĞĐƟǀĞůLJ͕ƚŚŝƐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶǁŝůůŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚĂůŝŐŶŵĞŶƚĂŶĚĚŝǀĞƌŐĞŶĐĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶŶĂƟŽŶĂůůLJŝĚĞŶƟͲ ĮĞĚƌŝƐŬƐĂŶĚƚŚŽƐĞƌŝƐŬƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝŶĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐďLJŵĞŵďĞƌƐŽĨƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂͲ ƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ͘/ƚǁŝůůĂůƐŽŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚĂůŝŐŶŵĞŶƚĂŶĚĚŝǀĞƌŐĞŶĐĞĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ ĂĐƚŽƌƐƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐ͘,ŽǁǀĂƌŝŽƵƐĂĐƚŽƌƐƉĞƌĐĞŝǀĞƚŚĞĐƌŝƟĐĂůƌŝƐŬƐĨĂĐŝŶŐƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐǁŝůůŚĂǀĞĂŶŝŵͲ ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŝŵƉĂĐƚŽŶƚŚĞĂůůŽĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĂŶĚǁŚĞƌĞĂƩĞŶƟŽŶŝƐĚŝƌĞĐƚĞĚĂƚǀĂƌŝŽƵƐůĞǀĞůƐ ŽĨƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐLJƐƚĞŵ͘dŚĞŽƵƚƉƵƚŝƐŶŽƚůŝŵŝƚĞĚƚŽƐĐŚŽŽůĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐ͕ďƵƚŝƐĞdžƉĂŶĚĞĚƚŽŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ŚŽŵĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞďƌŽĂĚĞƌĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ͘ZŝƐŬƐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚŝƐďƌŽĂĚĞƌĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ ĐĂŶŚĂǀĞĂŶŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŝŵƉĂĐƚŽŶƚŚĞĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJŽĨƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐƚŽĂƩĞŶĚƐĐŚŽŽůĂŶĚĂĐŚŝĞǀĞĂĐĂĚĞŵͲ ŝĐĂůůLJ͘dŚĞďƌŽĂĚĞƌĐŽŶƚĞdžƚŝŶǁŚŝĐŚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĮŶĚƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐǁŝůůĂůƐŽŝŵƉĂĐƚƚŚĞŝƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶ ŽĨĨƵƚƵƌĞƉƌŽƐƉĞĐƚƐ͘dŚŝƐŝŶƚƵƌŶǁŝůůŝŵƉĂĐƚƚŚĞŝƌƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞĐƵƌƌĞŶƚƌĞůĞǀĂŶĐĞŽĨ ƐĐŚŽŽůĂŶĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚ͕ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůůLJ͕ŝŵƉĂĐƚƚŚĞŝƌĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚŝŶĐƌŝŵŝŶĂůĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ͘ƐƐƵĐŚ͕ŝƚ ŝƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐLJƐƚĞŵĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂůůƌŝƐŬƐǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞůŝǀŝŶŐĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐŽĨLJŽƵƚŚ͕ĂŶĚ ƌĞǀŝĞǁĞīĞĐƟǀĞǁĂLJƐŽĨƵƟůŝnjŝŶŐĂůůĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐƚŽŵŝƟŐĂƚĞƚŚĞƐĞƌŝƐŬƐ͘ ^ƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĐĂŶƐĞƌǀĞĂƐƐĞŶƟŶĞůƐŽĨĞĂƌůLJƐŝŐŶĂůƐŽĨĨƵƚƵƌĞĐƌŝƟĐĂůƌŝƐŬƐ͘dŚŝƐĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĐŽŶͲ ƐŝĚĞƌƐƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚůĂƚĞŶƚƌŝƐŬƐĂƐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚďLJĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂĐƚŽƌƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐǁŚĞƌĞƐƚƵͲ ĚĞŶƚƐƐĂLJƚŚĞƐĞƌŝƐŬƐĂƌĞƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚ͘ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞƌŝƐŬƐŝƐŬĞLJŝŶƌĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĨƵƚƵƌĞďƵƌĚĞŶƐ ŽŶĂƐƐĞƚƐĂŶĚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͘ ƐǁŝƚŚƌŝƐŬƐ͕ŝƚŝƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƚŽƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞĂůŝŐŶŵĞŶƚĂŶĚĚŝǀĞƌŐĞŶĐĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶŚŽǁĂĐƚŽƌƐ ĂƚĂŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĞǀĞůƉĞƌĐĞŝǀĞĂƐƐĞƚƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞǀĂůƵĂďůĞƚŽƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂŶĚƚŽǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ĂĐƚŽƌƐǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ͘dŽǁŚĂƚĞdžƚĞŶƚŝƐƚŚĞƌĞĐŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶĐĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶǁŚĂƚŝƐ ǀĂůƵĞĚĂŶĚǁŚĂƚŝƐďĞŝŶŐŵĂĚĞĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ͍tŝƚŚĂŶƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŽĨǁŚŽŝƐƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐĂƐƐĞƚƐƚŽ ƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĞǀĞůƐŽƵƌĐĞƐƐƵĐŚĂƐDŽƐĂŶĚE'KƐĂŶĚůŽĐĂůůĞǀĞů ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐƐƵĐŚĂƐƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͕ĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJŵĞŵďĞƌƐͿ͕ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐĨŽƌĞŶŚĂŶĐĞĚƐƵƉͲ ƉŽƌƚƚŽƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐŝŶĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐĐĂŶďĞŵŽƌĞĞĸĐŝĞŶƚůLJĞdžƉůŽƌĞĚ͘&ƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞĞŶŚĂŶĐĞĚ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐĐĂŶ͕ŝĨŶĞĞĚĞĚ͕ďĞŵŽƌĞĐůŽƐĞůLJĂůŝŐŶĞĚǁŝƚŚďŽƚŚƚŚĞĐƌŝƟĐĂůƌŝƐŬƐĨĂĐŝŶŐƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĂŶĚ ƚŚŽƐĞƚŚĂƚƐƚĂŶĚƚŽƉŽƐĞĂƌĞĂůƚŚƌĞĂƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƚƵƌĞ͘ dŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐƚĂďůĞƐŽƵƚůŝŶĞƚŚĞĨƵůůĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ;ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐŽĨĚĂƚĂƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚďLJ ĞŝƚŚĞƌ^W^^ŽƌŝŶD^džĐĞůͿĂŶĚŚŽǁƚŚĞƐĞĚĂƚĂƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ͘ 38 ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ;ZͿWƌŽŐƌĂŵ ^d/KE͗Z/^<E>z^/^ STUDENTS ^,KK>^d&& PARENTS ƌŝƟĐĂů;ŚŝŐŚƉƌĞǀ- SPSS &ƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJĐŽƵŶƚƐ &ƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJĐŽƵŶƚƐ &ƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJĐŽƵŶƚƐ ĂůĞŶĐĞͿĂŶĚ>ĂƚĞŶƚ Excel Clustered bar charts: hƐĞĚƚŽĐŽŵƉĂƌĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶƐŽĨĐƌŝƟĐĂů ;ŵĞĚŝƵŵƉƌĞǀĂ- ĂŶĚůĂƚĞŶƚƌŝƐŬƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĞƐƚŽĨƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ;ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ͕ ůĞŶĐĞͿZŝƐŬƐ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐĂŶĚƐĐŚŽŽůĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶͿ͘^ƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĂƌĞĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚƚŚĞ ƉƌŝŵĂƌLJŝŶĨŽƌŵĂŶƚŽĨƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨƌŝƐŬƐƚŚĞLJĂƌĞĞdžƉŽƐĞĚƚŽĂŶĚƚŚĞ ƉƌĞǀĂůĞŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞŝƌŽĐĐƵƌƌĞŶĐĞ͘ /ŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶ ͻ ^ŝŵŝůĂƌŝƟĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶDŽͲŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚĐƌŝƟĐĂůƌŝƐŬƐĂŶĚƚŚŽƐĞŝĚĞŶͲ ƟĮĞĚďLJƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ͍tŚĂƚĂƌĞƚŚĞƐĞƐŝŵŝůĂƌŝƟĞƐ͍ ƌĞƚŚĞƌĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ͍tŚĂƚĂƌĞƚŚĞLJ͍ ͻ ^ŝŵŝůĂƌŝƟĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐŝŶƚĞƌŵƐŽĨ ĐƌŝƟĐĂůƌŝƐŬƐ͍ŶĚǁŚĞƌĞĂƌĞƚŚĞƐĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ͍ ͻ tŚĂƚĂƌĞƚŚĞŝŵƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐŽĨĐŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶĐĞĂŶĚĚŝǀĞƌŐĞŶĐĞďĞͲ ƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞǀĂƌŝŽƵƐĂĐƚŽƌƐ͍KĨŚĂǀŝŶŐŽƌŶŽƚŚĂǀŝŶŐĂĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞ ǀŝĞǁŽĨƌŝƐŬƐĂŶĚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͍KĨŶŽƚƚĂŬŝŶŐĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚͲ ŝŶŐƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͍ ͻ ,ŽǁĚŽĐƌŝƟĐĂůƌŝƐŬƐĂīĞĐƚLJŽƵƚŚ͍dŚĞŝƌƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĂĨĞƚLJ͍dŚĞŝƌ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJƚŽĂĐŚŝĞǀĞĂĐĂĚĞŵŝĐĂůůLJ͍dŚĞŝƌĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚŝŶĐƌŝŵŝŶĂů ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ͍ ͻ tŚĞƌĞĚŽƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐƐĂLJƚŚĞƐĞĐƌŝƟĐĂůƌŝƐŬƐĂƌĞŽĐĐƵƌƌŝŶŐ͍tŚĂƚ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚLJĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐLJƐƚĞŵŚĂǀĞƚŽŵĂŶĂŐĞƚŚŽƐĞ ƌŝƐŬƐƚŚĂƚŽĐĐƵƌŝŶƐŝĚĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͍tŚĂƚĂďŽƵƚƚŚŽƐĞƌŝƐŬƐŽƵƚƐŝĚĞŽĨ ƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͍ ƌŝƟĐĂůĂŶĚ>ĂƚĞŶƚ SPSS &ƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJĐŽƵŶƚƐŽĨ &ƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJĐŽƵŶƚƐŽĨ &ƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJĐŽƵŶƚƐŽĨ ZŝƐŬƐďLJ>ŽĐĂƟŽŶ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ (home, street or Excel Clustered bar charts:hƐĞĚƚŽĐŽŵƉĂƌĞǁŚĞƌĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĂƌĞĞdžƉĞƌŝͲ ƐĐŚŽŽůͿ ĞŶĐŝŶŐƚŚĞƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJĐƌŝƟĐĂůĂŶĚůĂƚĞŶƚƌŝƐŬƐĂƐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚďLJƚŚĞĞŶƟƌĞ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ;ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ͕ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐĂŶĚƐĐŚŽŽůĂĚŵŝŶͲ ŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶͿ͘^ƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĂƌĞĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚƚŚĞƉƌŝŵĂƌLJŝŶĨŽƌŵĂŶƚŽĨƚŚĞůĞǀĞů ŽĨƌŝƐŬƐƚŚĞLJĂƌĞĞdžƉŽƐĞĚƚŽĂŶĚƚŚĞƉƌĞǀĂůĞŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞŝƌŽĐĐƵƌƌĞŶĐĞ͘ /ŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶ ͻ tŚĂƚĂƌĞƚŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚůĂƚĞŶƚƌŝƐŬƐŽƌ͞ƐĞŶƟŶĞůƐŽĨĞĂƌůLJ ƐŝŐŶĂůƐ͟ĂƐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚďLJƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͍ ͻ tŚĞƌĞĚŽƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐƐĂLJƚŚĞƐĞĐƌŝƟĐĂůƌŝƐŬƐĂƌĞŽĐĐƵƌƌŝŶŐ͍tŚĂƚ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚLJĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐLJƐƚĞŵŚĂǀĞƚŽŵĂŶĂŐĞƚŚŽƐĞ ƌŝƐŬƐƚŚĂƚŽĐĐƵƌŝŶƐŝĚĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͍tŚĂƚĂďŽƵƚƚŚŽƐĞƚŚĂƚŽĐĐƵƌ ŽƵƚƐŝĚĞŽĨƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͍ ͻ tŚĂƚŝƐƚŚĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞŽĨƚĂƌŐĞƟŶŐƌŝƐŬƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞŶŽƚĂƐĐƌŝƟĐĂů ďƵƚƚŚĂƚĐŽƵůĚŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƚƵƌĞ͍tŚĂƚĚŽĞƐŝƚŵĞĂŶĨŽƌ ƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐƚŽďĞĂůĂƚĞŶƚƌŝƐŬ͍tŚLJĂƌĞƚŚĞLJŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ͍ 39 Z^ͲϯϲϬ϶͗ZĂƉŝĚƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚDĂŶƵĂů ^d/KE͗E>z^/^K&^^d^/Ed,hd/KEKDDhE/dz STUDENTS ^,KK>^d&& PARENTS Important School or SPSS &ƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJĐŽƵŶƚƐ &ƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJĐŽƵŶƚƐ &ƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJĐŽƵŶƚƐ Community Assets Excel Clustered bar charts: ŽŵƉĂƌŝŶŐƚŚĞĂƐƐĞƚƐŵŽƐƚƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞĚďLJ ĞĂĐŚĂĐƚŽƌ;ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƐĐŚŽŽůĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƚŽƌƐͿ /ŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶ ͻ ^ŝŵŝůĂƌŝƟĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶDŽͲŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐĂŶĚ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐĂŶĚƚŚŽƐĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚďLJƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂƐ ďĞŝŶŐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƚŽƚŚĞƐĞĂĐƚŽƌƐ͍tŚĂƚĂƌĞƚŚĞƐĞƐŝŵŝůĂƌŝƟĞƐ͍ ƌĞƚŚĞƌĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ͍tŚĂƚĂƌĞƚŚĞLJ͍ ͻ tŚŽƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐƚŚĞƐĞĂƐƐĞƚƐ;͞ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂů͟ƚŽĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJŽƌ͞ĞdžͲ ƚĞƌŶĂů͟ƚŽĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐĂŶĚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ ďLJDŽĂŶĚE'KƐͿ͍ WƌĞǀĂůĞŶĐĞŽĨ SPSS &ƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJĐŽƵŶƚƐŽĨƐƚƵĚĞŶƚĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ School or Communi- Excel Clustered bar charts:^ŚŽǁŝŶŐŚŽǁŽŌĞŶƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĂƌĞĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐͲ ƚLJƐƐĞƚƐ;ŚŽǁŽŌĞŶ ŝŶŐĞĂĐŚŽĨƚŚĞƐĞĂƐƐĞƚƐ ƚŚĞLJŚĂƉƉĞŶͿ /ŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶ ͻ ,ŽǁŽŌĞŶĂƌĞƚŚĞƐĞƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐďĞŝŶŐƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ͍ ͻ dŽǁŚĂƚĞdžƚĞŶƚŝƐƚŚĞƌĞĐŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶĐĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶǁŚĂƚŝƐǀĂůƵĞĚ ĂŶĚǁŚĂƚŝƐďĞŝŶŐŵĂĚĞĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ͍ ͻ 'ŝǀĞŶĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƐƐĞƚƐĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ͕ǁŚĂƚ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐĂƌĞƚŚĞƌĞƚŽĨŽƐƚĞƌƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞǁŝƚŚŝŶƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͍ 40 ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ;ZͿWƌŽŐƌĂŵ ŚĂƉƚĞƌ/s͘/ŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶŽĨ&ŝŶĚŝŶŐƐĂŶĚ DŽďŝůŝnjĂƟŽŶŽĨ<ŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ /ƚŝƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƚŽĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƐƚĂƟƐƟĐĂůĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐŝƐŶŽƚƚŚĞĮŶĂůƉŚĂƐĞďĞĨŽƌĞǁƌŝƟŶŐƚŚĞ ƌĞƉŽƌƚ͘dŚŝƐĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐŶĞĞĚƐƚŽďĞŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĞĚǁŝƚŚŵĞĂŶŝŶŐĨƵůŵĞƐƐĂŐĞƐĨŽƌƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŶŐƐĐŚŽŽůƐ ĂŶĚŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐ͘ZĞƉŽƌƟŶŐŽŶůLJƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞƐ͕ƐƵƌǀĞLJƐĐĂůĞƐ͕ĂŶĚƉƌĞǀĂůĞŶĐĞ ŽĨƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐǁŝůůŚĂǀĞůŝŵŝƚĞĚĞīĞĐƚƐ͘dŚĞĂŝŵŽĨƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƌĂƉŝĚĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚŝƐƚŽƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ŵĞĂŶŝŶŐĨƵůŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƚŚĂƚĐŽƵůĚŚĞůƉƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐLJƐƚĞŵƚŽďĞƩĞƌĂůŝŐŶĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽͲ ŐƌĂŵƐĂŶĚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐƚŽŵŝƟŐĂƚĞƚŚĞĂƐƐĞƐƐĞĚƌŝƐŬƐĂŶĚƚŽŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞĞīĞĐƟǀĞŶĞƐƐŽĨĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞĨŽƐƚĞƌŝŶŐĂŶĚƵƐĞŽĨƐĐŚŽŽůĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂƐƐĞƚƐ͘dŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕ƚŚŝƐƐĞĐƟŽŶ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐƐŽŵĞĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐƚŽŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚƚŚĞĚĂƚĂĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉŝŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁƐĂŶĚƚŚĞZ^Ͳ ϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞĂŶĚƚŽƉƌĞƉĂƌĞŵĞĂŶŝŶŐĨƵůƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŽƚŚĞDŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƉĂƌƟĐŝͲ ƉĂƟŶŐĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘ /s͘/ZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞDŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͗ŽƵŶƚƌLJZĞƉŽƌƚ dŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣZĂƉŝĚƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĂƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞŽĨŚŽǁ ϭ͘ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐĐĂŶďĞƩĞƌĂůŝŐŶǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞĚƌŝƐŬƐƚŽŵŝƟŐĂƚĞƚŚĞŵ͕ĂŶĚ Ϯ͘ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐĐĂŶďĞƩĞƌĂůŝŐŶǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĂƐƐĞƚƐĂŶĚƉŽƐŝƟǀĞĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚŝŶƐĐŚŽŽůƐĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐƚŽŵĂŬĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐŝŶĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐŽĨĂĚǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŵŽƌĞƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚĂŶĚĞīĞĐͲ ƟǀĞ͘ ĂƚĂŐĂƚŚĞƌĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞ͕ĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞDŽ͕ĂŶĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂŶĚƐĞĐŽŶĚĂƌLJŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĞǀĞůĚĂƚĂĐĂŶŐƵŝĚĞŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ŵĞƐƐĂŐĞƐĨŽƌƚŚĞDŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͗ ͘dŚĞ/ŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞŽĨĂŽůůĞĐƟǀĞhŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞZŝƐŬƐ&ĂĐĞĚďLJĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐƚŽƌƐ ͻ dŚĞƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞĚƌŝƐŬƐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚŝŶƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚůŽĐĂůůĞǀĞůĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐ;ƋƵĂůŝƚĂƟǀĞĚĂƚĂͿ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽƵƚƉƵƚĂŶĚĐůƵƐƚĞƌĞĚďĂƌĐŚĂƌƚƐ;ƚŚĞƋƵĂŶƟƚĂƟǀĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐͿǁŝůůĂůůŽǁĨŽƌĂŶĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚŽĨŚŽǁǁĞůůƚŚĞƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞƐŽĨŬĞLJƌŝƐŬƐ ĨĂĐĞĚďLJƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĂĐƌŽƐƐŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚůŽĐĂůůĞǀĞůĂĐƚŽƌƐ;ĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĂŵŽŶŐƐƚůŽĐĂůůĞǀĞůĂĐƚŽƌƐͿ ĂƌĞĂůŝŐŶĞĚ͘ ͻ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌĞǀĂůĞŶƚƌŝƐŬƐĂƌĞĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚĐƌŝƟĐĂů͕ďƵƚƚŚĞƌŝƐŬƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽǁĂŵĞĚŝƵŵůĞǀĞůŽĨ ƉƌĞǀĂůĞŶĐĞƐŚŽƵůĚĂůƐŽďĞĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ͘>ĂƚĞŶƚƌŝƐŬƐĐĂŶĂůƐŽďĞĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƟŵĞůLJƉƌĞͲ ǀĞŶƟŽŶ͘ ͻ ŝƐĐƵƐƐůŽĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƌŝƐŬƐ͘ZŝƐŬƐŵŽƐƚƉƌĞǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶƐĐŚŽŽůƐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚĂƐĂŵŝƟŐĂͲ ƟŽŶƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJĨŽƌĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐLJƐƚĞŵƐĂŶĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘dŚŽƐĞŽƵƚƐŝĚĞŽĨƐĐŚŽŽůƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƌĞǀŝĞǁĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞŝƌŶĞŐĂƟǀĞŝŵƉĂĐƚŽŶƐĐŚŽŽůĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚďLJƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͘ ͻ ŽŶŐƌƵĞŶĐĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶŶĂƟŽŶĂůůLJĂŶĚůŽĐĂůůLJŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚƌŝƐŬƐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƌĞǀŝĞǁĞĚ͕ĂůŽŶŐǁŝƚŚ ĂƌĞĂƐŽĨĂůŝŐŶŵĞŶƚ͕ƚŽŚĂǀĞĂĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞǀŝƐŝŽŶĂŶĚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞƌŝƐŬƐĨĂĐĞĚďLJĞĚƵĐĂͲ ƟŽŶĂĐƚŽƌƐ;ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůLJƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐͿ͘ 41 Z^ͲϯϲϬ϶͗ZĂƉŝĚƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚDĂŶƵĂů ͘ƐƐĞƚƐĂƚƚŚĞ^ĐŚŽŽůĂŶĚŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ>ĞǀĞů ͻ dŚĞĂƐƐĞƚƐĂŶĚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚŝŶƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚůŽĐĂůůĞǀĞůĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐ;ƋƵĂůŝƚĂƟǀĞ ĚĂƚĂͿƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽƵƚƉƵƚĂŶĚĐůƵƐƚĞƌĞĚďĂƌĐŚĂƌƚƐ;ƚŚĞƋƵĂŶƟƚĂƟǀĞZ^Ͳ ϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐͿǁŝůůĂůůŽǁĨŽƌĂŶĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚŽĨŚŽǁĂƐƐĞƚƐĂŶĚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐĂƌĞ͗ ͻ ƉĞƌĐĞŝǀĞĚďLJƚŚŽƐĞĂĐƚŽƌƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƉŽǁĞƌƚŽŝŶĨŽƌŵŽƌĂůůŽĐĂƚĞĂƐƐĞƚƐ;ƋƵĂůŝƚĂƟǀĞ ĚĂƚĂͿ ͻ ǀĂůƵĞĚďLJĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂĐƚŽƌƐ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ;ƋƵĂŶƟƚĂƟǀĞĚĂƚĂͿ͕ĂŶĚ ͻ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞƚŽĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂĐƚŽƌƐ͕ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůLJƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ;ƋƵĂŶƟƚĂƟǀĞĚĂƚĂͿ͘ ͘^ĐŚŽŽů^ƵƉƉŽƌƚWƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ ͻ /ĚĞŶƟĨLJŚŽǁƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞĚƌŝƐŬƐ;ĐƌŝƟĐĂůĂŶĚůĂƚĞŶƚͿŵĂLJďĞŝŵƉĂĐƟŶŐŶĞŐĂƟǀĞůLJŽŶƚŚĞĐŽƌĞ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐŽĨƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͗ĂĐĐĞƐƐĂŶĚƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶĐĞ͕ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͕ƐĐŚŽŽůŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚĂŶĚĐůŝŵĂƚĞ͕ ĂŶĚƐĐŚŽŽůͲĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐ͘ ͻ /ĚĞŶƟĨLJŚŽǁůŽĐĂůĂƐƐĞƚƐĂŶĚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐŵĂLJďĞŝŵƉĂĐƟŶŐƚŚĞĐŽƌĞĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐŽĨƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͗ ĂĐĐĞƐƐĂŶĚƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶĐĞ͕ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͕ƐĐŚŽŽůŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚĂŶĚĐůŝŵĂƚĞ͕ĂŶĚƐĐŚŽŽůͲĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐ͘ ͘ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ^LJƐƚĞŵ^ƵƉƉŽƌƚ ͻ &ƌŽŵƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂů>ĞǀĞůƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ;ƐĞĐŽŶĚĂƌLJĚĂƚĂĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶĂƚŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĞǀĞůͿŝĚĞŶƟĨLJƚŚĞ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ͕ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐƚŚĂƚĐŽƵůĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐĐŚŽŽůƐŝŶĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐŽĨĂĚǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͘ ͻ ŽŵƉĂƌĞƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĞǀĞůƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞůŽĐĂůĂƐƐĞƚƐĂŶĚƉƌŽƉŽƐĞƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐƚŽĂůŝŐŶ ƚŚĞŵ͗,ŽǁĐĂŶŶĂƟŽŶĂůƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐŵĂŬĞďĞƩĞƌƵƐĞŽĨůŽĐĂůĂƐƐĞƚƐ;ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶŽĨƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ͕ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚďLJůŽĐĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂĐƚŽƌƐ͕ĞdžƚƌĂͲĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůĂƌĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ͕ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJͲďĂƐĞĚƐĂĨĞƚLJƐƚƌĂƚͲ ĞŐŝĞƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘Ϳ͍ ͻ >ŝƐƚƚŚĞŶŽŶͲŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐĂŶĚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ͕ĂŶĚƉƌŽƉŽƐĞƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐĨŽƌĞdžͲ ĐŚĂŶŐŝŶŐůĞƐƐŽŶƐůĞĂƌŶĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞDŽĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ͘ ͘ŽŶĐůƵĚĞ ŽŶĐůƵĚĞǁŝƚŚƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂƟŽŶƐ;ĂůŝŐŶŵĞŶƚͿ͗ ͻ ĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞǀŝĞǁŽĨƌŝƐŬƐĂŶĚƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƟĞƐ͗ǁŚĂƚĂƌĞƚŚĞŬĞLJƌŝƐŬƐĨĂĐŝŶŐƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͍tŚĂƚ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕ĂƐƐĞƚƐĂŶĚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐĂƌĞǀĂůƵĞĚďLJƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŚŽǁĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƌĞƚŚĞƐĞ͍tŚĂƚ ŝƐƚŚĞĐŽŶŐƌƵĞŶĐĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƌŝƐŬƐƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĨĂĐĞĂŶĚƚŚĞĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞƚŽƚŚĞŵ͍ ͻ tŚŽƐĞƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚLJŝƐŝƚƚŽƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĂŶĚĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂŶĚŶĞĞĚĞĚĂƐƐĞƚƐĂŶĚƉƌŽͲ ŐƌĂŵƐ͍ ͻ KĨƚŚĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞƚŽĂŶĚǀĂůƵĞĚďLJƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ǁŚĂƚĐĂŶƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐLJƐͲ ƚĞŵ;ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJͿĚŽƚŽƵƟůŝnjĞƚŚĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐƚŽďĞƩĞƌĂĚĚƌĞƐƐƚŚĞ ƌŝƐŬƐƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĨĂĐĞ͍ ͻ ,ŽǁĐĂŶƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐLJƐƚĞŵŵĂŬĞĞdžŝƐƟŶŐƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐŵŽƌĞƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞŝŶƚĞŐƌĂͲ ƟŽŶŽĨůŽĐĂůĂƐƐĞƚƐ͍ ͻ 'ŝǀĞŶƚŚĞƚŽƉĮǀĞƌŝƐŬƐŝŶƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͕ ͻ ,ŽǁĐĂŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂƐƐĞƚƐďĞďĞƩĞƌƵƟůŝnjĞĚ͍ 42 ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ;ZͿWƌŽŐƌĂŵ ͻ ,ŽǁĐĂŶDŽĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌĞdžƚĞƌŶĂůĂƐƐĞƚƐďĞďĞƩĞƌƵƟůŝnjĞĚ͍ ͻ ,ŽǁĐĂŶƚŚĞƌĞďĞŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽŐƌŽƵƉƐ;ŝ͘Ğ͕͘ůŽĐĂůĐŽŵŵƵͲ ŶŝƟĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞDŽͿ͍ ͻ ,ŽǁĐĂŶůŽĐĂůĂƐƐĞƚƐƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ͕ƌĂƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶŝŶƐĐŚŽŽůƐƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐ͕ďĞ ďĞƩĞƌƵƟůŝnjĞĚƚŽĂĚĚƌĞƐƐƚŚĞƚŽƉĮǀĞƌŝƐŬƐĨĂĐĞĚŝŶƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͍ ͻ >ĂLJŽƵƚƚŚĞŝŵŵĞĚŝĂƚĞƐƚĞƉƐƚŚĂƚĐĂŶďĞƚĂŬĞŶďLJƚŚĞDŽƚŽĨƵƌƚŚĞƌƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŚĞƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ ŽĨĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂŶĚLJŽƵƚŚůŝǀŝŶŐŝŶǀŝŽůĞŶƚŽƌǀƵůŶĞƌĂďůĞĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐ͘ ͻ džƉůĂŝŶƚŚĞŵĞĚŝƵŵͲƚĞƌŵƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐƚŽŽƌŝĞŶƚŵŽƌĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐƚŽǁĂƌĚƐĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƟŶŐ ƚŚĞƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐĂƌŽƵŶĚLJŽƵƚŚ;ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJƌŝƐŬƐĂŶĚƵƐĞůŽĐĂůƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐͿ͘ ͻ ^ŚŽǁŚŽǁůŽŶŐͲƚĞƌŵƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐLJƐƚĞŵƐĨŽƌƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐŝŶĚŝĸĐƵůƚƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐĐĂŶďĞ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚ͘ ͻ ,ŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚŚŽǁƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶƐƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐLJƐƚĞŵĐŽƵůĚŵĂŬĞƚŽŚĞůƉŵŝƟŐĂƚĞƚŚĞƌŝƐŬƐ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĨĂĐĞƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐŵŽƌĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƚŽŝŵƉƌŽǀĞƚŚĞƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŽĨŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ͕ĚĞĮͲ ĐŝĞŶĐŝĞƐ͕ĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐ͘ dŚĞƌĞƉŽƌƚƐĞŶƚƚŽƚŚĞDŽƐŚŽƵůĚŝŶĐůƵĚĞĂŶĞdžĞĐƵƟǀĞƐƵŵŵĂƌLJƚŚĂƚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĂďƌŝĞĨĚĞƐĐƌŝƉͲ ƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƌĂƉŝĚĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ͛ƐŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐĂŶĚĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ͕ŚŽǁĚĂƚĂǁĞƌĞĐŽůůĞĐƚĞĚ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞŵĂŝŶ ĐŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶƐ͘ ZĞƉŽƌƚƐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞǁƌŝƩĞŶŝŶĐůĞĂƌůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞĂŶĚĂǀŽŝĚƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂůƚĞƌŵƐ͘ dŚĞƚĞŵƉůĂƚĞŝŶŶŶĞdž/ǁŝůůŐƵŝĚĞƚŚĞĚƌĂŌŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞƌĞƉŽƌƚ͘ /s͘//ZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŶŐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐĂŶĚƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͗ ^ĐŚŽŽůƌĞƉŽƌƚ dŚĞƌĞƉŽƌƚƐĨŽƌƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŶŐƐĐŚŽŽůƐĂŶĚƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐĂƌĞĨŽƌƚŚŽƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐ ƚŚĂƚĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚƚŽďŽƚŚƚŚĞƋƵĂůŝƚĂƟǀĞƉŚĂƐĞ;ĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐĂƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐͿĂŶĚƋƵĂŶƟƚĂƟǀĞƉŚĂƐĞ ;Z^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞͿŽĨƚŚĞůŽĐĂůĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ͘dŚŝƐŝƐĂŶŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĨĞĞĚďĂĐŬĂŶĚ͞ƚŚĂŶŬ LJŽƵ͟ĨŽƌƚŚĞƟŵĞ͕ĐŽŵŵŝƚŵĞŶƚĂŶĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚďLJƚŚĞƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͘ƐǁŝƚŚƌĞƉŽƌƚƐĨŽƌƚŚĞ DŽ͕ĚĂƚĂŐĂƚŚĞƌĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞZ^ͲϯϲϬΣƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞ͕ĨŽĐƵƐŐƌŽƵƉƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞDŽĂŶĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ͕ĂŶĚƐĞĐŽŶĚĂƌLJŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĞǀĞůĚĂƚĂĐĂŶŐƵŝĚĞŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ŵĞƐƐĂŐĞƐĨŽƌƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͗ ͘ZŝƐŬdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞĚďLJ^ƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĂŶĚZĞƐŝůŝĞŶƚZĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐďLJƚŚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ ͻ WƌĞƐĞŶƚƚŚĞƌŝƐŬƐĨĂĐĞĚďLJƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ŶŽƟŶŐƚŚŽƐĞƚŚĂƚĂƌĞĐƌŝƟĐĂůƌŝƐŬƐĂŶĚƚŚŽƐĞƚŚĂƚĂƌĞ ůĂƚĞŶƚďƵƚǁŝƚŚŐƌŽǁƚŚƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů;ĂƐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚďLJƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐͿ͘ ͻ ŽŵƉĂƌĞƚŚĞǀŝĞǁŽĨŽƚŚĞƌŵĞŵďĞƌƐŽĨƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ;ƐĐŚŽŽůĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ͕ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ĂŶĚƉĂƌĞŶƚƐͿǁŝƚŚƚŚĂƚŽĨƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͘EŽƚĞ͗ŝƚŝƐďĞƩĞƌƚŽŵĞƌŐĞƚŚĞǀŝĞǁŽĨƚŚĞ ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉĂůǁŝƚŚƚŚĂƚŽĨŽƚŚĞƌƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐƚŽŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶĂŶĂĐĐĞƉƚĂďůĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĂŶŽŶLJŵŝƚLJŝŶƚŚĞ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐ͘ ͻ >ŝƐƚƚŚĞƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶƚĂĐƟŽŶƐ;ŝ͘Ğ͕͘ĂƐƐĞƚƐĂŶĚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐͿĐĂƌƌŝĞĚŽƵƚďLJƚŚĞůŽĐĂůĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵͲ ŵƵŶŝƚLJƚŽĐŽƉĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚƌŝƐŬƐĂƐĞdžĂŵƉůĞƐŽĨĂƐƐĞƚƐĂŶĚƉŽƐŝƟǀĞĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ƚŚĂƚŶĞĞĚƚŽďĞƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚ͘,ŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚƚŚŽƐĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚďLJƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĂƐďĞŝŶŐŵŽƐƚǀĂůƵĂďůĞƚŽ ƚŚĞŵ͘ŝƐĐƵƐƐƚŚĞĂǀĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞƐĞĂƐƐĞƚƐ͘ 43 Z^ͲϯϲϬ϶͗ZĂƉŝĚƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚDĂŶƵĂů ƚŚĂƚŶĞĞĚƚŽďĞƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚ͘,ŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚƚŚŽƐĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚďLJƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĂƐďĞŝŶŐŵŽƐƚǀĂůƵĂďůĞƚŽ ƚŚĞŵ͘ŝƐĐƵƐƐƚŚĞĂǀĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞƐĞĂƐƐĞƚƐ͘ ͘^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐƚŽ&ŽƐƚĞƌĂŶĚ^ƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶƚŚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ͛ƐZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ ͻ WƌĞƐĞŶƚƚŚĞƌŝƐŬƐƚŚĂƚǁĞƌĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚĂƚƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůůĞǀĞůĂŶĚĂĚǀŽĐĂƚĞĨŽƌĂƐƚƌŽŶŐĞƌƌŽůĞĨŽƌ ƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJƚŽŵŝƟŐĂƚĞƚŚĞŵ͕ŵĂŬŝŶŐƵƐĞŽĨƚŚĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚĂƐƐĞƚƐ͘ ͻ ŝƐĐƵƐƐƚŚĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞŽĨƐĐŚŽŽůƐĂŶĚƚŚĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐŝŶǁŚŝĐŚƚŚĞLJĂƌĞƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚŶŽƚďĞŝŶŐ ůĞŌĂůŽŶĞŝŶĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞƌŝƐŬƐƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĨĂĐĞ͘ ͻ ŝƐĐƵƐƐƚŚĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞŽĨĂĚǀŽĐĂƟŶŐĨŽƌƚŚĞƐƵƉƉŽƌƚŽĨŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐĂŶĚ ĨŽƌƚŚĞĂůŝŐŶŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞƐĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐƚŽƚŚĞůŽĐĂůĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌŽǁŶƌĞƐŝůͲ ŝĞŶƚĂĐƟŽŶƐ͘ dŚĞƌĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJƐŚŽƵůĚďĞďƌŝĞĨ;ĂƉƉƌŽdžŝŵĂƚĞůLJƐŝdžƚŽĞŝŐŚƚƉĂŐĞƐͿĂŶĚ ƐŚŽƵůĚŝŶĐůƵĚĞĂŽŶĞͲƉĂŐĞƐƵŵŵĂƌLJǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŵĂŝŶĮŶĚŝŶŐƐĂŶĚƐŽŵĞŐĞŶĞƌĂůƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂͲ ƟŽŶƐ͘ZĞƉŽƌƚƐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞǁƌŝƩĞŶŝŶĐůĞĂƌůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞĂŶĚĂǀŽŝĚƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂůƚĞƌŵƐŽƌŝĚŝŽŵƐ͘ dŚĞƚĞŵƉůĂƚĞŝŶŶŶĞdž:ǁŝůůŐƵŝĚĞƚŚĞĚƌĂŌŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞƌĞƉŽƌƚ͘ 44 ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ;ZͿWƌŽŐƌĂŵ ZĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ >ŝĞďĞŶďĞƌŐ͕>͕͘ĂŶĚD͘hŶŐĂƌ͘ϮϬϭϭ͘͞ƚŚŝĐĂůĐŽŶĐĞƌŶƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶŽĨŵĂƌŐŝŶĂůŝnjĞĚ  LJŽƵƚŚŝŶƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͘͟/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĨŽƌƚŚĞ^ƚƵĚLJŽĨĞŚĂǀŝŽƵƌĂůĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ϭ;ϱϵͿ͗ϮϰͲϮϳ͘ ZĞLJĞƐ͕:͘ϮϬϭϯ͘tŚĂƚDĂƩĞƌƐƚŚĞDŽƐƚĨŽƌ^ƚƵĚĞŶƚƐŝŶŽŶƚĞdžƚƐŽĨĚǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͗&ƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ Paper͘ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ;ZͿWƌŽŐƌĂŵ͘tĂƐŚŝŶŐƚŽŶ͕͗dŚĞtŽƌůĚ  ĂŶŬ͘ dŚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨŚŝĐĂŐŽWƌĞƐƐ^ƚĂī;ĞĚ͘Ϳ͘ϮϬϭϬ͘dŚĞŚŝĐĂŐŽDĂŶƵĂůŽĨ^ƚLJůĞ͗ϭϲƚŚĚŝƟŽŶ͘  ŚŝĐĂŐŽ͗dŚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨŚŝĐĂŐŽWƌĞƐƐ͘ hŶŐĂƌ͕D͘ϮϬϬϴ͘ZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞĂĐƌŽƐƐĐƵůƚƵƌĞƐ͘ƌŝƟƐŚ:ŽƵƌŶĂůŽĨ^ŽĐŝĂůtŽƌŬϯϴ;ϮͿ͗ϮϭϴͲϮϯϱ͘ hŶŐĂƌ͕D͕͘ĂŶĚ>͘>ŝĞďĞŶďĞƌŐ͘ϮϬϬϱ͘͞dŚĞ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞWƌŽũĞĐƚ͗ŵŝdžĞĚŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ  ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚƚŽƚŚĞƐƚƵĚLJŽĨƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞĂĐƌŽƐƐĐƵůƚƵƌĞƐ͘͟/ŶD͘hŶŐĂƌ͘;ĞĚ͘Ϳ,ĂŶĚŬĨŽƌ  ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐǁŝƚŚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂŶĚLJŽƵƚŚ͗WĂƚŚǁĂLJƐƚŽƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞĂĐƌŽƐƐĐƵůƚƵƌĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐ͘  dŚŽƵƐĂŶĚKĂŬƐ͗^ĂŐĞWƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ͘ ϰϱ Z^ͲϯϲϬ϶͗ZĂƉŝĚƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚDĂŶƵĂů ͘ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐƚŽ&ŽƐƚĞƌĂŶĚ^ƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶƚŚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ͛ƐZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ ͻ WƌĞƐĞŶƚƚŚĞƌŝƐŬƐƚŚĂƚǁĞƌĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚĂƚƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůůĞǀĞůĂŶĚĂĚǀŽĐĂƚĞĨŽƌĂƐƚƌŽŶŐĞƌƌŽůĞĨŽƌ ƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJƚŽŵŝƟŐĂƚĞƚŚĞŵ͕ŵĂŬŝŶŐƵƐĞŽĨƚŚĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚĂƐƐĞƚƐ͘ ͻ ŝƐĐƵƐƐƚŚĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞŽĨƐĐŚŽŽůƐĂŶĚƚŚĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐŝŶǁŚŝĐŚƚŚĞLJĂƌĞƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚŶŽƚďĞŝŶŐ ůĞŌĂůŽŶĞŝŶĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞƌŝƐŬƐƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĨĂĐĞ͘ ͻ ŝƐĐƵƐƐƚŚĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞŽĨĂĚǀŽĐĂƟŶŐĨŽƌƚŚĞƐƵƉƉŽƌƚŽĨŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐĂŶĚ ĨŽƌƚŚĞĂůŝŐŶŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞƐĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐƚŽƚŚĞůŽĐĂůĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌŽǁŶƌĞƐŝůͲ ŝĞŶƚĂĐƟŽŶƐ͘ dŚĞƌĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJƐŚŽƵůĚďĞďƌŝĞĨ;ĂƉƉƌŽdžŝŵĂƚĞůLJƐŝdžƚŽĞŝŐŚƚƉĂŐĞƐͿĂŶĚ ƐŚŽƵůĚŝŶĐůƵĚĞĂŽŶĞͲƉĂŐĞƐƵŵŵĂƌLJǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŵĂŝŶĮŶĚŝŶŐƐĂŶĚƐŽŵĞŐĞŶĞƌĂůƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂͲ ƟŽŶƐ͘ZĞƉŽƌƚƐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞǁƌŝƩĞŶŝŶĐůĞĂƌůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞĂŶĚĂǀŽŝĚƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂůƚĞƌŵƐŽƌŝĚŝŽŵƐ͘ dŚĞƚĞŵƉůĂƚĞŝŶŶŶĞdž:ǁŝůůŐƵŝĚĞƚŚĞĚƌĂŌŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞƌĞƉŽƌƚ͘ YƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ͕ĐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐŽƌƐƵŐŐĞƐƟŽŶƐ͍ ŽŶƚĂĐƚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞΛǁŽƌůĚďĂŶŬ͘ŽƌŐ The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW ϰϲ Washington DC 20433 USA www.worldbank.org/education/resilience ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ;ZͿWƌŽŐƌĂŵ educationresilience@worldbank.org