CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE INVESTMENT PLAN MONITORING & EVALUATION FRAMEWORK FOR AFRICA (CMEFA) APRIL 21, 2021 1. Context, scope, and purpose. As African countries race to achieve their sustainable development goals, climate change will remain one of the leading threats to the potential of the agriculture sector. Countries must act to avoid a 2 °C warmer world and ensure a path of development that meets the needs of the current population without compromising the ability of future generations to meet the needs of theirs. Agriculture is a significant contributor to climate change with emissions from the sector averaging 25%; however, the agricultural sector is also one of the most vulnerable to climate change. Moving towards climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is part of the transformation needed to sustainably increase agricultural productivity in ways that are economically viable and environmentally friendly.1 CSA includes any farm- or landscape-level agricultural practice or technology, whether traditional or innovative, that builds in adaptation/resilience to weather variability and climate change while sustainably increasing food productivity and, where possible, supporting the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions.2 Farm-level climate-smart management technologies and practices include drought-resistant seed varieties, improved livestock feeds, integrated soil and water management and agroforestry. In 2009, 24 out of 54 African governments had already identified CSA as the priority investment sector to respond to the challenges climate change will bring. Yet, despite the seemingly apparent advantages of CSA3,4,5,6 and hundreds of millions of US dollars in public funding invested in evidence generation and knowledge creation, the move increased investments in CSA has been slow. Local capacities to identify, prioritize and package robust climate-smart projects for potential investment that meet the requirements of investors are weak, which slows down investments and climate action7. Investment planning is vital for driving investment towards CSA in African agriculture. The World Bank Group, and the Adaptation of African Agriculture Initiative (AAA Initiative), with the support of development partners such as Agence française de développement (AFD) and the United Kingdom Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FDCO), the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), and other technical partners developed and piloted a set of Climate Smart Agriculture Investment Plans (CSAIPs) in over 10 developing countries, the majority of which are located in Africa. A CSAIP is a strategic and comprehensive plan for investing in agricultural development given climate change and variability. The highly stakeholder-engaged CSAIP development process aims to identify a suite of country-supported and scientifically vetted investments that are most likely to achieve national food security and climate targets. CSAIP country teams led by the World Bank identified and prioritized context-specific CSA investments through assistance of various technical partners and with involvement of all relevant stakeholders to carry out an assessment of climate risks and opportunities, identify priority CSA investments, attract investments towards them, as well as identify the enabling environments for 1 Bell et al. 2018. A practical guide to climate-smart agriculture technologies in Africa 2 FAO 2017. Climate-smart agriculture sourcebook 3 Rosenstock et al. 2019. The climate-smart agriculture papers 4 Lipper et al. 2014. Climate-smart agriculture for food security 5 Kimaro et al. 2016. Is conservation agriculture ‘climate-smart’ for maize farmers in the highlands of Tanzania? 6 Bryan et al. 2013. Can agriculture support climate change adaptation, greenhouse gas mitigation and rural livelihoods? Insights from Kenya their implementation. In Africa, the CSAIPs were developed in Lesotho, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Ghana, Cote D’Ivorie, Cameroon, Republic of Congo, Morocco, Mali and Burkina Faso. CSAIPs have also been developed in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Jordan. Each national CSAIP was developed with a general strategy for monitoring and evaluating (M&E) them in relation to productivity, adaptation, and mitigation outcomes. The resulting national-level M&E strategies included an assessment of needs, interest and capacity for M&E, a list of primary indicators and next steps towards creating a full M&E system. This report provides a pilot version of a regional level CSAIPs Monitoring and Evaluation Framework. The pilot M&E Framework is based on CSAIPs in Africa only. The M&E Framework will be used to track the uptake and use of CSAIPs, their ability to affect policy and generate investments, and the development outcomes they produce across multiple country jurisdictions. The Framework, named, Climate-Smart Agriculture Investment Plan Monitoring & Evaluation Framework for Africa (CMEFA), is designed to be applied and managed by the AAA Initiative, as a regional body with deep involvement in the development of the CSAIPs, membership of over 35 African countries, and a regional mandate to support and promote climate action in African agriculture via driving investments, capacity building and policy action (see Annex 1 for AAA theory of change). By testing and refining this framework, AAA will generate and aggregate information that will guide public and private sector investors and donors, both local and international, who have an interest in supporting scaling of CSA in Africa. This framework constitutes a living document that must be refined over time as the scope and purpose of CSAIPs evolve to meet emerging goals and expand within and beyond Africa as other CSAIPs are developed. 2. Content Results framework and indicators CMEFA uses 14 indicators (Table 1) to capture the influence of CSAIPs in terms of (i) policy, planning and knowledge generation; (ii) investments generated; (iii) improved development outcomes. These fields are divided into two tiers, namely, Tier 1, which represents first-order effects of CSAIPs through influence of policy, knowledge generation, and mobilization of investments and Tier 2, representing second-order effects of CSAIPs on agricultural development emerging from implementation of CSA investment projects. Tier 1 (i) Policy, planning and knowledge generation (4 indicators). These indicators track evidence of the CSAIPs’ influence in informing key agriculture related plans, such as national investment plans under the CAADP/Malabo Declaration and nationally determined contributions (NDCs) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Also captured here is knowledge generation in terms of the utilization of CSAIPs by academics and other actors working in agricultural development. (ii) Investments (4 indicators). These indicators track the preparation of investment projects directly or indirectly informed by priority investment packages detailed in CSAIPs. These indicators also provide information on the nature of investments that receive financing as well as financing levels. Tier 2 (iii) Agricultural development (6 indicators). These indicators capture the outcomes of CSAIP projects on agricultural development. In this context, an outcome is defined as changes or results achieved by CSAIP- related projects through the execution of activities. This includes increased access to services and technologies, agricultural productivity gains, reduced emissions, strengthened capacities and the uptake of new technologies on farms. There is no practical approach to aggregating results from diverse national settings with differing goals and capabilities. Where consolidated figures, such as total greenhouse gas (GHG) emission mitigation or numbers of beneficiaries and productivity levels are available, these will be presented. For more complex indicators, e.g. measures of resilience, the percentage of projects considered to have produced verifiable results are considered sufficient. (iv) Impact stories will be used to complement the agricultural development indicators in (iii) by providing context to qualitatively showcase the outcomes of CSA projects at the individual/household level. Information requirements Baseline data will come primarily from the entities responsible for implementing projects and will be based on project-specific protocols. Mid-term and end-of-term targets will be assigned to each indicator at the project level. Under Tier 1, data on policy, planning and knowledge is available in the public domain through published reports, public policy papers and pronouncements, websites and the media. AAA will provide dedicated knowledge management personnel to capture and collate the information. Factiva, a powerful research platform freely accessible at the World Bank, provides access to a large selection of global news and data as well as robust search, filtering, smart indexing and sharing tools, which is a potentially useful resource in this process. Tracking the emergence of investment projects informed by the CSAIPs will largely be based on data about ongoing and pipeline projects where disclosure protocols allow. This will include the component and financing levels of CSA investment projects. This information is available in project preparation and appraisal documents (PADs) and mid-term and end-term project evaluations once these are disclosed and communicated. The data includes areas under CSA innovations and technologies and the total cost of investments. Surveys with key implementing agencies in national institutions and development partners will also be used to capture the data. Under Tier 2, the data required on the impact of CSAIPs on agricultural development will be derived from medium-term and end-term project evaluations on all CSAIP projects. Information will be continuously collected mainly by in-country project leaders (usually public sector entities) and external support agencies, such as the World Bank, African Development Bank (AfDB), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), and NGOs who are partnering with them in the implementation of the project. Such information will either be found in the public domain or secured through new and existing relationships between AAA and implementing and support institutions, especially through project managers and identified focal points. To produce impact stories, AAA will collaborate with CSAIP project leaders at the national level as well as the International Platform on Adaptation Metrics (IPAM) and other international research centers and organizations (e.g. CGIAR-CIAT, GCA-Africa). Case studies on CSAIP project outcomes will be generated at the individual or household level and will target a broad audience. Narrative and images featuring real individuals and events will be presented highlighting specific gains and illustrating best practice. As a next step, the AAA will use impact stories from two or more countries to compare, identify and discuss the factors that may contribute to or prevent adaptation or mitigation gains in different countries. Table 1. Proposed indicators, including sources, measurement methods and responsible authorities. See Annex 2 for more detail. Impact No. Proposed indicators Unit of measurement Potential sources and Actors responsible category methods of measurement TIER 1 Information/data Aggregation collection POLICY & 1 Commitment to mobilise -Evidence-based knowledge products Surveys; media reports Leading country AAA PLANNING additional funds to and policy documents; number, type institution/Ministry prepare CSAIPs and other representative from the national-level plans -Inter-ministerial declarations; policy/planning unit number 2 CSAIP-related -NDC-related policies or projects Policy reports; surveys Leading country AAA contribution to NDC informed or supported; number, type institution/Ministry implementation representative from the objectives -Policy amendments; number, type policy/planning unit 3 CSAIP-related -Institutional arrangements; number, Surveys; media reports Leading country AAA contribution to a type institution/Ministry coherent and coordinated representative from the institutional/policy -Policy plans; number, type policy/planning unit environment -Events/conferences; number, type KNOWLEDGE 4 CSAIP utilisation -Downloads from the central Website traffic reports, Leading country AAA GENERATION for knowledge website; number e.g. AAA website and institution/Ministry generation World Bank knowledge representative from the -Research or development project portals policy/planning unit proposals supported; number -Research articles or thematic cross- country study articles supported; number -Communities of practice; number, focus area INVESTMENTS 5 Amount of mobilised funds -US$ equivalent Surveys Leading country AAA for CSA project institution/Ministry preparation/implementation representative from the policy/planning unit 6 Identified investments; -Countries with completed CSAIPs; Surveys Leading country AAA CSAIP-related national-level number institution/Ministry projects ready for -CSA investment opportunities representative from the implementation identified at concept level; number, policy/planning unit type 7 Land area receiving -ha with improved soil management Surveys; investment Leading country AAA improved CSA support project preparation and institution/Ministry through CSAIP-identified -ha under improved crop evaluation reports, e.g. representative from the opportunities; management World Bank PADs, maps policy/planning unit disaggregated among the key priority areas -ha under agroforestry -ha with improved water management -ha with climate risk management 8 Value chains receiving CSA -Supported value chains; number, Surveys; investment Leading country AAA support through CSAIP- type project preparation and institution/Ministry identified opportunities evaluation reports, e.g. representative from the World Bank PADs, maps policy/planning unit TIER 2 AGRICULTURAL 9 Number of CSAIP-related -Women; number, occupation Surveys; partner project Leading country AAA DEVELOPMENT project beneficiaries mid-term and end-term institution/Ministry OUTCOMES reached; disaggregated -Men; number, occupation reports representative from the according to gender and operations unit occupation 10 CSA technologies and -CSA technologies and management Surveys; partner project Leading country AAA management practices practices introduced; number, type mid-term and end-term institution/Ministry introduced through CSAIP- reports; key informant representative from the related project assistance; -Men trained; number, type of tech interviews operations unit beneficiaries trained or practice (disaggregated by gender and type of practice) -Women trained; number, type of tech or practice 11 Farmers’ use of CSA -Men using CSA tools/practices on Surveys; partner project Leading country AAA tools/practices introduced their farms; number mid-term and end-term institution/Ministry through CSAIP-related reports; key informant representative from the project assistance -Women using CSA tools/practices on interviews operations unit (disaggregated by gender) their farms; number 12 Increased agri-food and Kg/ha Surveys; partner project Leading country AAA AFOLU* productivity and US$/ha mid-term and end-term institution/Ministry production contributed by Total US$ reports representative from the CSAIP-related investments operations unit 13 Level of climate resilience of Index of farm resilience capacity (RIMA-II) Leading country AAA CSAIP-related project http://www.fao.org/3/a- institution/Ministry beneficiaries concerning i5665e.pdf representative from the food security operations unit 14 Contribution to climate Kg emission/unit product; Accepted GHG modelling Leading country AAA change mitigation of CSAIP- Total fixed C assessment, e.g. FAO- institution/Ministry related projects; GHG EXACT representative from the intensity of production per operations unit investment; overall contribution to C fixation * Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) 3. Operationalization Institutional arrangements The institution responsible for the regional M&E will be the AAA Initiative Foundation based in Morocco. The AAA has been recognized by AU heads of state as responsible for mobilizing financing for adaptation in agriculture and supporting and tracking the implementation of adaptation projects in agriculture. AAA has also been directly involved with the establishment of the 1st set of CSAIPs in Africa, where the initial CSAIPs were developed. Furthermore, AAA has on-going relationships or Memorandums of Understanding (MOU) with important CSA project financing and implementing organizations such as the World Bank, AfDB, AGRA, and FAO. AAA will synthesize results provided by national entities responsible for collecting output and outcome data based on project level M&E plans espoused in CSAIPs. Institutional and technical arrangements between AAA and country institutions in charge of CSAIP implementation and data collection will need be formalized and streamlined for the M&E data collection. The leading country institution or ministry will appoint one or more representatives from the policy, planning and operations unit to liaise with external project support/implementation agencies, such as the World Bank, AfDB, FAO, GCA-Africa, AGRA, NGOs, etc. to collect project-level data for CMEFA. The national institution will aggregate Tier 1 and 2 indicator data nationally and send it to the AAA CSAIP representative along with any relevant impact stories. The AAA will be responsible for the continental-level aggregation of all CMEFA indicator data. The impact stories are, by nature, context-specific and will not be aggregated. Collecting data on CSA will often require coordination across sectors and ministries (horizontal coordination) and across national, regional and local tiers of government (vertical coordination). Therefore, coordinated action across national entities will be key for capturing data indictors for the M&E Results Framework. As such, the national coordinating team will need to be represented at a senior level (typically an agency head) to lend the necessary authority and access to the required resources and other key national entities. The country institutions in charge of CSAIP implementation will also have to foster key relationships with science-based institutions, such as CGIAR, and African universities that can provide quality assurance on the information collected for M&E. Synthesis approach The M&E approach requires aggregating information both horizontally across different jurisdictions (e.g. nation-states) and vertically across different levels of government based on the summary indicator table (see previous section). It is anticipated that results will vary considerably between countries based on the context (capacities, level-specific metrics, technology access, etc.). As such, the CMEFA does not impose standardized indicators at the national level. Instead, it allows the various actors to gather information on desired outcomes in different ways. The synthesis of the information collected will follow (i) a mixed approach, which involves working with different sources of information (surveys, reports, interviews) and level-specific information disparities; (ii) principled pragmatism, which focuses on capturing what works and can be verified rather than complex rule-based approaches; (iii) learning as much as possible to inform future work and actions and future M&E iterations. However, overall, the information collected will respond to the summary indicators in Table 1. 4. Results and reporting products The performance summary report The summary performance report will be the backbone of monitoring, evaluation and learning and will consist of i) an indicator performance table and ii) a short narrative describing each indicator’s performance. Each description presents results, and challenges encountered, and lessons learned. Table 2 shows a simplified version of an indicator performance table. It must be noted that indicator targets are not included in this framework and will need to be established for each of the indicators in consultation with key stakeholders. An example of a performance narrative is presented below for one of the indicators: • Land area receiving improved CSA support through CSAIP-identified opportunities Over the reporting period, CSAIPs produced five investment projects that administered CSA practices over an area of 500 ha, which is higher than the target. The target was surpassed because of an enhanced delivery mechanism set up at the beginning of the project and the capacity building provided to extension workers and farmer groups. An example of an indicator performance table is presented below for three indicators: Table 2: Example indicator performance table of indicators #1–3 relative to the baseline Proposed indicator Indicator type (unit of Disaggregation Baseline Medium- Performance measure) (if any) term achieved at end target of reporting No. period (%) 1 Commitment to -Evidence-based mobilize additional knowledge products and funds to prepare CSAIP policy; number, type, and other national- documents level plans -Inter-ministerial declarations; number, type 2 CSAIP-related -NDC-related policies or contribution to NDC projects informed or implementation supported; number, type objectives -Policy amendments; number, type 3 CSAIP-related -Institutional contribution to a arrangements; number, coherent and type coordinated policy -Policy plans; number, environment type -Policy events/conferences; number, type The performance summary report will help objectively assess the extent to which CSAIPs are having or have had the desired outputs and outcomes, where they were effective and where corrections need to be considered. The generated knowledge and lessons from this process may also be used to develop several related knowledge products, including 1) a set of recommendations that can be used to inform course correction or action on the part of development partners, political actors and national, regional and international climate bodies wishing to scale up CSA in developing countries. The results may also be used to guide the design of upcoming CSAIPs based on objective evidence. Lessons learned could be used to produce 2) a dedicated website to inform and disseminate results and to track CSAIPs performance. Capacity development and training will be ensured through 3) an updated CSAIP development guide and 4) a series of training modules on CSAIP development and M&E. Timing: The performance summary report will be produced on a bi-annual basis. Impact stories A blog series of impact stories will be used to harvest, present and compare impact stories regularly and will be shared via a website, email and newsletters to key stakeholders and on social media platforms. An example of an excerpt from an impact story narrative is presented below: • Conservation through sustainable agriculture practices Title: Increasing farmer incomes through promoting sustainable agriculture practices in Zambia …Due to the adoption of promoted sustainable agricultural practices, such as low tillage, mulching, composting and dry season gardening, farmers have been able to improve their livelihoods by reducing the amount of costly organic fertilizers they use, thereby increasing their savings and the harvested yields they can market. The Chilufya family in Kalomo District in Zambia has been able to buy a motorbike with their savings, which has helped them gain better access to markets and even more income. This additional income has been key to supporting the education of their children. The Chilufyas have six children, and in the past, three girls had dropped out of school due to a lack of tuition fees. Timing: Production of the case studies and impact stories will be on an ongoing basis. A repository of documents and data An electronic repository of documents and data related to the CSAIPs, including media reports, project preparation and implementation documents, presentations, meeting minutes, consultancy reports, photos, performance reports, impact stories, etc. will be used to store and organize all of the information related to the CSAIPs. The repository will be the go-to source of documents for the identification and analysis of documentary evidence for comparison of outputs and outcomes against targets. Information will be filed according to the core themes identified, such as policy, knowledge and financing in a web- based searchable database with filters on the dedicated CSAIPs African-M&E website. Timing: The storage and analysis of documentation and information in the repository will occur on an ongoing basis. 5. Conclusion and next steps CSAIPs have been successfully developed in 10 African countries as a pilot (and in 3 other countries outside of Africa i.e. Bangladesh, Nepal, and Jordan). This CSAIP regional M&E Framework has been developed for Africa, with AAA initiative Foundation, a regional body focusing on adaptation in African agriculture being the body earmarked to be responsible for aggregating information, which summarizes across many countries where CSAIPs were developed in Africa the CSAIPs’ ability to influence policy, generate investments, improve knowledge and benefit agricultural development. The CSAIPs Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for Africa (CMEFA) was developed in full recognition of the complexity associated with setting up a regional M&E system under disparate national circumstances with multiple stakeholders and implementing organizations. The framework seeks to be simple and dynamic enough to capture useful information and insights about the influence of CSAIPs through pragmatism, openness to mixed approaches and a focus on learning. It is still open to continuous improvement. As such, it a living document and will be tested and improved to inform the setting up of a regional CSA M&E system anchored at AAA. There are a number of next steps required to fully implement CMEFA. • As a first step, it will be important to refine and add targets to existing indicators and potentially add new indicators to more closely capture the value of CSAIP projects on the ground and in the region. • Regional-level integration and the synthesis of data for CMEFA depend on incoming data from countries based on existing national-level M&E plans expressed in CSAIPs. Institutional and technical arrangements between AAA and country institutions in charge of CSAIP implementation must be made to 1) finalize M&E plans at the country level, where they have not been finalized; 2) review and refine the CMEFA framework; 3) formalize and streamline the CMEFA M&E data collection process. A team of dedicated staff must be established, incentivised and equipped with clear reporting mechanisms to ensure that this framework can be operationalized. • AAA is hosting IPAM, which aims to fill the gap between adaptation needs as realised adaptation finance requires a global effort to build consensus on metrics to help governments, businesses and financial institutions to identify and steer investment. This international network of adaptation metrics, practitioners and researchers will be engaged to improve the M&E framework design and implementation in time. • The current framework focuses primarily on Africa even though there are other CSAIPs in Asia (Bangladesh, and Nepal) and some under development elsewhere (e.g. Jordan). This regionally focused CSAIP M&E Framework can be used to generate lessons for the setting up of a broader, M&E Framework as more CSAIPs are developed in other regions. The CMEFA was developed after several CSAIPs had already been developed, so some challenges to implementation of the framework can be anticipated. However, since each CSAIP has an M&E plan, whose indicators inform this CMEFA and have been discussed with stakeholders at national level, this framework is feasible and implementable. Annex 1 Figure 1: AAA Initiative Theory of Change Long-term Contribute to food security in Africa, reduce the vulnerability of African agriculture to climate change and promote adaptation on the continent. outcomes / impact Enhanced capacity of key African institutions to integrate Enhanced awareness and use of available climate Investment plans help countries climate change in project planning, design and delivery, adaptation evidence by policymakers and secure diverse forms of adaptation thereby speeding up the institutionalization of climate change practitioners responsible for planning and finance; a steady stream of high- in the agricultural sectors and reducing the risk of sub-optimal Intermediate implementing programs/projects; better quality funding proposals for performance of long-lived investments in agriculture; integration of climate knowledge and technology adaptation projects in African enhanced capacity of key African institutions to monitor and results and evaluate climate adaptation actions and strategies in the in addressing climate change challenges and countries are availed to diverse outcomes responding to opportunities at policy, planning funding sources; a growing number of agricultural sector; a coordinated network of climate change and implementation levels; increased awareness investment projects developed in and adaptation institutions and individuals that share of priority adaptation needs of African farmers African countries where impact is scientific information for policy adjustments and the among all development actors, i.e. the public, tracked and reported well; mediated design/implementation of appropriate adaptation and donors, private sector with national, regional and donor and government engagements, mitigation actions; enhanced country capacities to secure, global actors; needs and priorities of farmers are e.g. via round tables and/or receive and manage adaptation finance; better access to considered and made an integral part of matchings become important in climate knowledge for all policymakers, planners and policymaking, project design and implementation enhancing the channelling of finances implementers across the African continent; improved of adaptation interventions. towards adaptation. networks and partnerships across all stakeholders in adaptation in Africa and with key knowledge partners across the world, including farmers’ organisations. Increased number of investment plans for climate Better informed policies at national and action in African countries; priorities for Enhanced country capacities for attracting regional level; better informed agriculture coordinated investments in CSA are available for and managing adaptation funds; enhanced adaptation agenda and action at national, partners/investors to follow-up with detailed capacities for knowledge generation, Short -term regional and international level; climate- design; adaptation projects are developed; well exchange and use across actors in results and resilient agriculture in national policy, established and functioning coordinated adaptation; policymakers and practitioners outcomes planning and actions; convergence of policies donor/government engagement mechanisms; have enhanced access to adaptation and actions among African countries in development of an M&E system for climate information; effective knowledge networks support of climate action in agriculture. resilient agriculture monitoring and evaluation for and communities of practice across Africa. CSAIP partner countries. AAA- POLICY & ADVOCACY PROGRAMMES & PROJECTS CAPACITY & KNOWLEDGE supported Prepare additional priority investment activities Organize and attend events and meetings Identify institutional constraints to adaptation; plans; prepare specific investment for regional, national and international provide access to training and advice to build dialogue around adaptation in African opportunities derived from investment capacity for knowledge and accountability; agriculture; develop an interface platform plans; support country training on represent a hub for aggregation and for the inclusive engagement of adaptation accessing and managing climate finance; dissemination of high-quality, high-impact mediate financiers/donors and African between knowledge producers; develop a knowledge on emerging climate policy and government engagement around long-term strategy for the AAA Initiative/ action on adaptation; build partnerships and Foundation and resource mobilization. adaptation through innovative collaborations around adaptation knowledge. mechanisms. The AAA Initiative/Foundation aims to mobilize human and financial resources dedicated to increasing climate action in agriculture in Africa by policy action, projects and programs, knowledge and capacity building. Annex 2 Technical Note Proposed definitions are provided below for every CMEFA indicator (see Table 1). These definitions should be adjusted to reflect project-level definitions. All indicators should be reported on a bi-annual basis in a performance summary report (see Results and reporting products section). 1 Commitment to mobilize additional funds for CSAIP and other national-level plan preparation This indicator provides the number and type of official and documented commitments from government officials or development partners to mobilize additional funds for the preparation of CSAIPs and other national-level plans. Evidence-based knowledge, products and policy documents will be used to provide evidence of these commitments. 2 CSAIP-related contribution to NDC implementation objectives This indicator provides the number and type of NDC-related objectives supported by CSAIP projects. This information will be measured using inter-ministerial declarations, surveys and media reports. 3 CSAIP-related contribution to a coherent and coordinated policy environment This indicator provides the number and type of policies, plans, institutional arrangements and policy events/conferences established in relation to CSAIP projects. This information will be measured using surveys and media reports. 4 CSAIP utilization for knowledge generation This indicator provides a measure of CSAIP utilization for knowledge generation. This will be reflected in the number of downloads from the central website or knowledge portal, the number of research or development project proposals supported, the number of research articles or thematic cross-country study articles supported and the number and focus area of communities of practice that are supported. This information will be measured using website traffic reports, e.g. AAA website and World Bank knowledge portals. 5 Amount of mobilized funds for CSA project preparation/implementation This indicator provides a measure of the amount of money mobilized for CSA project preparation/implementation in US$ equivalent. This information will be measured using surveys. 6 Identified investments: CSAIPs-related national-level projects ready for implementation This indicator provides a measure of the number of countries having completed a CSAIP and the number and type of CSA investment opportunities identified at the concept level. This information will be measured using surveys. 7 Land area receiving improved CSA support through CSAIP-identified opportunities; disaggregated among the key priority areas For every CSAIP priority area, this indicator provides a measure of the land area receiving improved CSA support through CSAIP-identified opportunities in hectares. For example, ha with improved soil management, ha under improved crop management, ha under agroforestry, etc. This information will be measured using surveys and investment project preparation and evaluation reports, e.g. World Bank PADs and maps. 8 Value chains receiving CSA support through CSAIP- identified opportunities This indicator provides the number and type of value chains supported through CSAIP-related projects as defined in country-level CSAIP protocols. Implementing partners will use investment project preparation and evaluation reports to track the number and type of value chain receiving support. 9 Number of CSAIP-related project beneficiaries reached; disaggregated according to gender and occupation. This indicator provides a count of direct beneficiaries of CSAIP-related programs as defined in country-level CSAIP protocols. Implementing partners will use project reports (mid- term and end-term) to track or estimate the number of individual beneficiaries across different interventions within their project and report numbers of participants reached by gender and occupation. 10 CSA technologies and management practices introduced through CSAIP-related project assistance; beneficiaries trained (disaggregated by gender and type of practice) This indicator measures the total number and types of CSA technologies and management practices introduced through CSAIP-related projects. For each type of CSA technology and management practice, the indicator also captures the number of men and women trained. This information will be derived from surveys, mid-term and end-term project reports and key informant interviews. 11 Farmers’ use of CSA tools/practices introduced through CSAIP-related project assistance (disaggregated by gender) This indicator measures the number of farmers, total and by gender, have participated in CSAIP- related activities and who have applied CSA management practices and/or technologies as a result of CSAIP projects during the reporting period. The indicator tracks those individuals who have changed their behavior while participating in CSAIP-project activities. Individuals who simply attended training or were exposed to a new technology do not count under this indicator unless the individual actually applies what they learned on their farm. Implementing partners will use surveys, mid-term and end-term project reports and key informant interviews to track and report this information. 12 Increased agri-food and AFOLU productivity and production contributed by CSAIP-related investments This indicator measures gains in agri-food and AFOLU in Kg/ha, US$/ha and Total US$ using surveys and development partner mid-term and end-term reports. 13 Level of climate resilience of CSAIP-related project beneficiaries with respect to food security This indicator provides a measure of the resilience of CSAIP-related project beneficiaries to climate shocks. This information will be measured at the household level using the index of farm resilience capacity (RIMA-II), which can be found at http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5665e.pdf. 14 Contribution to climate change mitigation of CSAIP-related projects: GHG intensity of production per investment and overall contribution to C fixation This indicator measures CSAIP-related project contributions to climate change mitigation in terms of GHG intensity of production per investment, Kg emission/unit product and overall contribution to C fixation (Total fixed C). This information will be measured using the accepted GHG modelling assessment, e.g. FAO-EXACT.