PEOPLE COMMITTEE OF DA NANG CITY DA NANG DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT DANANG PRIORITY INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT SFG1972 V1 REV ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT Component 3 – Urban Strategic Roads Works “Improvement and upgrading of the road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)” December - 2015 PEOPLE COMMITTEE OF DA NANG CITY DANANG DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT DANANG PRIORITY INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT Component 3 – Urban Strategic Roads Works “Improvement and upgrading of the road DH2 (Hoa Son – Hoa Nhon)” PROJECT OWNER CONSULTING FIRM December – 2015 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................... 1 ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................................................................... 4 LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................... 5 LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................... 7 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 8 1. Background ............................................................................................................................ 9 2. Legal and technical bases of implementing EIA ............................................................... 10 3. Implementation Agencies of EIA ....................................................................................... 15 4. Methods to be applied during the implementation of EIA report .................................. 16 CHAPTER 1: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ........................................................... 20 1.1. Name of project................................................................................................................. 21 1.2. Project Owner ................................................................................................................... 21 1.3. Geographical position of the project............................................................................... 21 1.4. Scope of the Project .......................................................................................................... 27 1.4.1. Objectives of the Project ............................................................................................. 27 1.4.2. Scope of the Project ..................................................................................................... 27 1.4.3. Design volume of work items of the road DH2 ........................................................... 28 1.4.4. Construction organization of the Project .................................................................... 43 1.4.5. Cost estimate of investment funding ............................................................................ 52 1.4.6. Progress of the project ................................................................................................ 52 CHAPTER 2: NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF THE PROJECT AREA ......................................................................... 54 2.1. Natural and Environmental Conditions ......................................................................... 55 2.1.1. Topographical and geographical characteristics ....................................................... 55 2.1.2. Climate, Hydrographic and Oceanographic Conditions ............................................ 56 2.1.3. Quality of air, water, soil and sediment ...................................................................... 61 2.1.4. Biological resources .................................................................................................... 72 2.2. Socio-economic profile of project communes................................................................. 74 2.2.1. Economic development at the project area ................................................................. 74 2.2.2. Cultural – social situation ........................................................................................... 77 2.2.3. Status of infrastructure in the project area ................................................................. 80 CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ............................................................... 82 3.1. Analysis and comparison between the “WITH PROJECT” Alternative and “WITHOUT PROJECT” Alternative ................................................................................... 83 3.2. Comparison of Alternatives of the road DH2 ................................................................ 85 Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 1 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP CHAPTER 4: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...................................... 820 4.1 Environmental Impact Assessment of Options ............................................................... 91 4.1.1. Negative impacts of the project ................................................................................... 91 4.1.2. Generic negative impacts of the project ...................................................................... 91 4.1.3. Assessment of impacts during the project preparation phase ..................................... 93 4.1.4. Impact assessment during the construction phase ...................................................... 98 4.1.5. Impact assessment during the project operation phase ............................................ 113 4.1.6. Effects of climate change to the project area ............................................................ 115 4.2. Commendation on level of detail and reliability of the assessment ........................... 117 4.2.1. Methods applied in EIA ............................................................................................. 117 4.2.2. Assessment of applied methods and reliability of the assessments ........................... 118 4.2.3. Level of detail of assessments .................................................................................... 119 CHAPTER 5: MITIGATION MEASURES OF NEGATIVE IMPACTS, PREVENTION AND RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS AND INCIDENDS ........................ 120 5.1. General principles .......................................................................................................... 121 5.2. Mitigation Measures of Environmental and Social Impacts ...................................... 122 5.2.1. Environmental Codes of Practices (ECOPs) ............................................................ 122 5.2.2. Typical mitigation measures...................................................................................... 133 CHAPTER 6: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ......................................... 139 6.1. Summary of mitigation measures of negative impacts ............................................... 140 6.1.1. Mitigation Measures of Environmental Impacts ....................................................... 140 6.1.2. Site-specific mitigation measures .............................................................................. 152 6.2. Roles and Responsibilities of Stakeholders .................................................................. 155 6.3. Monitoring the compliance with mitigation measures ................................................ 158 6.3.1. Monitoring the compliance with mitigation measures .............................................. 158 6.3.2. Monitoring of environmental quality......................................................................... 159 6.3.3. Monitoring reporting system ..................................................................................... 160 6.4. Compliance framework.................................................................................................. 161 6.5. Capacity building program ........................................................................................... 163 6.6. Cost estimate ................................................................................................................... 165 6.6.1. Cost for implementing mitigation measures .............................................................. 165 6.6.2. Cost for Implementing Environmental Monitoring/Supervision Program ................ 167 CHAPTER 7: PUBLIC CONSULTATION ........................................................................ 169 7.1. Objectives of Public Consultation ................................................................................. 170 7.2. Consultation and Information Dissemination.............................................................. 170 7.2.1. Public Consultation with Community in the project area ......................................... 170 7.2.2. Consultation with Local Authorities .......................................................................... 171 Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 2 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 7.3. Results of Public Consultation ...................................................................................... 172 7.3.1. Results of Public Consultation in the project area .................................................... 172 7.3.2. Results of consultation with local authorities ........................................................... 174 7.4. Information Dissemination ............................................................................................ 175 CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS AND COMMITMENT ........ 176 1. CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................. 177 2. RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................................. 177 3. COMMITMENTS ............................................................................................................. 178 ANNEXES .............................................................................................................................. 181 Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 3 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP ABBREVIATIONS AHs Affected households CC Climate change AC Asphalt concrete CeC Cement concrete CSC Construction Supervision Consultant DED Detailed engineering designer DOC Department of Construction DOF Department of Finance DONRE Department of Natural Resources and Environment DOT Department of Transport DPI Department of Planning and Investment SCDP Sustainable City Development Project EIA Environmental impact assessment ECOP Environmental Code of Practice EMC Environmental Monitoring Consultant EMP Environmental Management Plan EMS Environmental Monitoring System FS Feasibility Study ODA Official Development Assistance PMU Project Management Unit PSC Project Steering Committee RAP Resettlement Action Plan RPF Resettlement Policy Framework TDC Resettlement PPC Provincial/city People’s Committee URENCO Urban Environment Company WB World Bank Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 4 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP LIST OF TABLES Table 0-1: Environmental safeguard policies of WB ................................................................ 14 Table 0-2: List of Staff Preparing EIA report ........................................................................... 15 Table 1-1: Specifications of the road DH2 (Hoa Nhon - Hoa Son) .......................................... 28 Table 1-2: Vertex coordinate of the road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son) .................................... 31 Table 1-3: Summary of horizontal curve elements ................................................................... 32 Table 1-4: Design results of horizontal curve ........................................................................... 33 Table 1-5: Results of longitudinal control elevation ................................................................. 34 Table 1-6: Summary of horizontal drainage culverts ................................................................ 33 Table 1-7: Summary of horizontal culverts returning two old road sections (adjusted section) ................................................................................................................................................... 34 Table 1-8: Volume of excavated and backfilling soil during the construction of work items .. 41 Table 1-9: Forecasting results of traffic flow on the road DH2 ................................................ 43 Table 1-10: Indicative list of machines and equipment for construction .................................. 44 Table 2-1: Monthly average air temperature in Danang from 2000-2013 ................................ 57 Table 2-2: Average monthly/yearly rainfall in Danang from 2000 to 2013 .............................. 57 Table 2-3: Average monthly/yearly humidity in Danang from 2000 to 2013 ........................... 58 Table 2-4: Average monthly and yearly sunshine hours in Danang from 2000-2013 .............. 58 Table 2-5: Ambient air sampling positions ............................................................................... 65 Table 2-6: Measurement and analysis results of ambient air quality ........................................ 65 Table 2-7: Surface water sampling location .............................................................................. 66 Table 2-8: Analytical result of surface water quality ................................................................ 66 Table 2-9: Underground water sampling location ..................................................................... 67 Table 2-10: Analytical result of underground water quality ..................................................... 68 Table 2-11: Domestic wastewater sampling location ................................................................ 69 Table 2-12: Analytical result of domestic wastewater quality .................................................. 69 Table 2-13: Soil sampling location............................................................................................ 70 Table 2-14: Soil quality analysis result ..................................................................................... 70 Table 2-15: Sediment sampling location ................................................................................... 71 Table 2-16: Analytical result of sediment quality ..................................................................... 71 Table 2-17: Aquatic sampling location ..................................................................................... 72 Table 2-18: Aquatic samples ..................................................................................................... 72 Table 2-19: Main occupation of households by communes (%) ............................................... 75 Table 2-20: Poverty rate of two project communes .................................................................. 76 Table 2-21: Area, population and population density of two communes in the project area .... 77 Table 2-22: Educational level of the household head by communes ........................................ 78 Table 3-1: Evaluation of the “WITH PROJECT” and “WITHOUT PROJECT” alternatives .. 83 Table 4-1: Classification of impacts .......................................................................................... 92 Table 4-2: Preliminary Impact Matrix ....................................................................................... 92 Table 4-3: Summary of Scope of impacts ................................................................................. 93 Table 4-4: Summary of impacts on land ................................................................................... 94 Table 4-5: Summary of impacts on residential land .................................................................. 95 Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 5 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Table 4-6 : Summary of impacts on housing............................................................................. 95 Table 4-7 : Summary of affected works/structures ................................................................... 96 Table 4-8: Summary of impacts on trees and crops .................................................................. 96 Table 4-9: Sources of Impacts and Pollutants ........................................................................... 98 Table 4-10: Objects and Scope of Impacts during the Construction Phase ............................ 100 Table 4-11: Dust generated from excavation and ground leveling ......................................... 101 Table 4-12: Dust emission concentration in air due to excavation and leveling work ............ 102 Table 4-13: Pollution coefficients of diesel-driven vehicles ................................................... 104 Table 4-14: Emissions of diesel-driven transport vehicles...................................................... 105 Table 4-15: Calculated results and predicted noise levels of the project area ......................... 106 Table 4-16: Amount of pollutants daily released by each person ........................................... 107 Table 4-17: Concentrations of contaminants in domestic wastewater .................................... 107 Table 4-18: Concentration of contaminants in construction wastewater ................................ 108 Table 4-19: Components and general density of domestic solid wastes ................................. 110 Table 4-20: Pollution sources, objects and impact duration of the project ............................. 113 Table 4-21: Noise level of motor vehicles .............................................................................. 115 Table 4-22: Assessment of reliability of the methods applied in EIA .................................... 117 Table 5-1: Mitigation measures from ECOPs ......................................................................... 123 Table 6-1: Environmental Codes of Practices for urban works (ECOPs) ............................... 142 Table 6-2: The specific impacts and mitigation measures for each position .......................... 152 Table 6-3: Roles and Responsibilities of Stakeholders in Environmental Monitoring System ................................................................................................................................................. 156 Table 6-4: Parameters to be monitored during the project implementation ............................ 159 Table 6-5: Environmental Monitoring Reporting System ....................................................... 160 Table 6-6: Category of Infringement & Remediation ............................................................. 161 Table 6-7: Analysis and determination of training demands ................................................... 163 Table 6-8: Proposed programs on capacity building on environmental management ............ 165 Table 6-9: Cost estimate of typical mitigation measures of the Contractor ............................ 166 Table 6-10: Monitoring cost during the construction phase .................................................... 167 Table 6-11: Monitoring cost during the operation phase ........................................................ 167 Table 7-1. Plan of Public Consultation about EIA .................................................................. 171 Table 7-2: Results/ Opinions collected in the Public Consultations ....................................... 172 Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 6 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1: Position of the road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son) .................................................. 21 Figure 1-2: Some pictures of the road ....................................................................................... 24 Figure 1-3: Location map of sensitive works surrounding the project area .............................. 25 Figure 1-4: Alignment section Km8+850 to the end of route ................................................... 29 Figure 1-5: Alternative of Alignment section Km0+212 – Km0+924 and section Km+514 – Km2+355 ................................................................................................................................... 31 Figure 1-6: Cross section option for normal base ..................................................................... 34 Figure 1-7: Cross section option for high filling base ............................................................... 35 Figure 1-8: Forecasting traffic flow on the road DH2 ............................................................... 43 Figure 2-1: Flooding map of Danang city corresponding to sea level rise of 1m ..................... 60 Figure 6-2: Environmental Management System during the Construction ............................. 156 Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 7 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP INTRODUCTION Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 8 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 1. Background Danang Sustainable City Development Project, a multi-sectoral project has the overall goal of promoting socio-economic development of Danang city, improving urban utilities, enhancing living conditions, implementing poverty reduction for the city residents, meeting travel demand, preventing traffic congestion, reducing pollution, preventing floods and increasing the capacity against natural disasters for the city. The development of Danang city to become a green city, bringing benefits to all citizens is made by improving the urban environment and promoting urban transformation toward a clean, safe, comprehensive and effective energy direction. Danang sustainable city development project includes five components: - Component 1: Environmental improvement - Collection and treatment of rainwater and wastewater. - Component 2: Public transport improvement. - Component 3: Construction of strategic road. - Component 4: Strengthening capacity for managing urban. - Component 5: Items from Danang priority infrastructure investment project. Of which: Component 3 will be invested in expanding the strategic road network of the city to the newly planned urban areas for development. Currently, the two main roads in the south and the north have been built. The Road DH2 from Hoa Son to Hoa Nhon located in the western area of Danang city, is one of the main roads facilitating the travel needs of the people of the communes in Hoa Vang District, helping connect the northern areas with the district administrative center, the southern and the southwest of Hoa Vang District. Currently, the road has been damaged and downgraded, and its surface at many places is suffered from potholes and standing water, which affects the traffic safety and the travel of the people. To access the northern areas of the district from and to the south and southwest, and the district administrative center, the people mainly use the Hai Van - Tuy Loan bypass road, one of the routes that has been recorded with the biggest annual number of traffic accidents in the city. However, in the future, the Hai Van - Tuy Loan bypass will be upgraded to a north – south expressway connecting with the 2 under construction La Son - Tuy Loan and Danang - Quang Ngai expressways. By then, the expressway will no longer be connected with the current roads directly and the connection can only be done at the interchange with roads DT602, Hoang Van Thai and Highway 14B. At that time, the entire north-south traffic flow in the area will mainly focus on the Road DH2 and this route will replace the current Hai Van - Tuy Loan bypass carry to play the role of the access artery to connect administrative centers, residential areas and current roads in the city's road network with the expressway. Once upgraded, the Road DH2 will attract a significant portion of traffic flow on the Hai Van - Tuy Loan bypass, helping reduce traffic pressure on this route as well as make improve the safety while travelling in the area. With its significant role as well as the urgent need to serve the Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 9 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP people, the investment in improving and upgrading the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon - Hoa Son route) is essential, which helps promote socio - economic development of the area. The work of improving and upgrading the DH2 (Hoa Son - Hoa Nhon) is of Component 3 – Strategic road construction under the Danang sustainable city development project approved by UBND Danang city at Decision No. 4945/QD-UBND dated 14/06/2011 on “approving alignment planning and land use boundary for the Road DH2 that links Hoa Nhon with Hoa Son”; Decision No. 7900/UBND-QLDTu dated 06/09/2014 of the People’s Committee of Danang city on “Issues related to the Road DH2 improvement and upgrading works”, and Official Document No. 11103/UBND-QLDtu dated 04/12/2014 of the City People’s Committee Chairman on “Issues related to the Road DH2 improvement and upgrading work under the sustainable city development project”. Complying with the Environmental Protection Law, Decree No. 18/2015/ND-CP dated 14/02/2015 of the Government on environmental protection planning, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan, this Project belonging to the group of transport projects according to Annex II of the Government Decree No. 18/2015/ND-CP must implement the environmental impact assessment and submit to Danang DONRE for appraisal and Danang CPC for approval. 2. Legal and technical bases of implementing EIA The Project shall comply with applicable legal regulations of Vietnam and Donor on environmental protection, including: 2.1. Legal regulations of GoV on EIA report * Legal documents: - Environmental Protection Law No.55/2014/QH13 the National Assembly passed on 23/6/2014 and has been entered into force on 01/01/2015; - Water Resources Law No.17/2012/QH13 the National Assembly passed on 21/06/2012; - Land Law No.45/2013/QH13 the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam passed on 29/11/2013 and has been effective since 01/07/2014; - Fire Prevention and Fire Fighting Law No.27/2001/QH10 dated 29-6-2001 of the National Assembly; - Law No. 40/2013/QH13 dated 22 November 2013 on amending and supplementing a number of Articles of Law on Fire prevention and fighting; - Construction Law No. 50/2014/QH13 issued on 18 June 2014 and took effect since 01 January 2015; - The Government’s Decree No. 18/2015/ND-CP dated 14 February 2015 on environmental protection planning, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan; - The Government’s Decree No. 19/2015/ND-CP dated 14 February 2015 guiding the implementation of a number of articles of Land on Environmental Protection; - Decree No. 25/2013/ND-CP dated 29 March 2013 of the Government on environmental protection charges for wastewater; Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 10 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP - Decree No. 174/2007/ND-CP dated 29 November 2007 of the Government on environmental protection charges for wastewater; - Decree No. 88/2007/ND-CP dated 28 May/2007 of the Government on urban drainage and industrial zones; - Decree No.179/2013/ND-CP dated 14/11/2013 of the Government on sanctioning of - Decree No.43/2014/ND-CP dated 15/5/2014 of the Government, detailing the implementation of some articles of the Land Law; - Decree No.140/2006/ND-CP dated 22/11/2006 by the Government, promulgating the regulations on the environment protection in the stages of formulation, appraisal, approval and organization of implementation of strategies, planning, plans, programs and development projects; - Decree No.117/2009/ND-CP dated 31/12/2009 of the Government on the handling of law violations in the environmental protection field; - Decree No.59/2007/ND-CP dated 09/4/2007 of the Government, enacting the Solid Waste Management; - The Government’s Decree No. 38/2015/ND-CP dated 24 April 2015 on management of wastes and scraps; - The Government’s Decree No. 80/2014/ND-CP dated 06 August 2014 on wastewater drainage and treatment and took effect since 01 January 2015; - Decree No.59/2015/ND-CP dated 18 June 2015 of the Government on management of construction and investment projects of works; - Decree No.83/2009/ND-CP dated 15/10/2009 of the Government, amending and supplementing a number of articles of Decree No.12/2009/ND-CP on management of construction and investment projects of works; - Decree No.149/2004/ND-CP dated 27/07/2004, regulating the licensing for exploration, exploitation and use of water resources, discharge of wastewater into water sources; - Circular No. 27/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 29 May 2015 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan; - Circular No.22/2010/TT-BXD dated 03/12/2010 of the Ministry of Construction on the regulations on labor safety in construction of works; - Circular No. 09/2009/TT-BXD dated 21 May 2009 of the Ministry of Construction detailing the implementation of a number of Articles of Decree No. 88/2007/ND-CP dated 28 May 2007 of the Government on urban drainage and industrial zones; - Circular No. 36/20015/TT-BTNMT dated 30 June 2015 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, on hazadous waste management; - Circular No.19/2011/TT - MOH dated June 6, 2011 of the Ministry of Health, guiding the management of occupational health, employee health and occupational disease; - Circular No.16/2009/TT-BTNMT and Circular No.25/2009/ BTNMT of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on the issuance of Vietnam’s national standards; Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 11 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP - Circular No. 32/2013/TT-BTNMT dated 25 October 2013 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on issuance of national technical regulations on environment; - Circular No. 10/2007/TT-BTNMT dated 22 October 2007 on guidance on quality insurance and control in environmental monitoring; - Circular No. 02/2005/TT-BTNMT dated 24 June 2005 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on guiding the implementation of the Government’s Decree No. 149/2004/ND-CP dated 27 July 2004; - Decision No. 33/2013/QD-UBND dated 13 August 2012 of Danang Provincial People’s Committee on management, operation and using of urban drainage system and industrial zones in Danang province; - Decision No. 57/2012/QD-UBND dated 07 December 2012 of Danang Provincial People’s Committee on amendment and supplementation of a number of articles of Regulation on management, operation, exploitation and using of urban drainage system and industrial zones in Danang under Decision No. 33/2012/QD-UBND dated 13 August 2012 of Danang Provincial People’s Committee; - Decision No. 23/2010/QD-UBND dated 10 August 2010 of the City People’s Committee, issuing regulations on environmental protection in Danang province. - Decision No.02/2009/TT-BTNMT dated 19 March 2009 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on the assessment of the water receiving of water sources; - Decision No.16/2008/QD-BTNMT dated 31 December 2008 by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, promulgating the national technical regulations on the environment; - Decision No.22/2006/QD-BTNMT dated 18 December 2006 by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment for the mandatory application of Vietnam’s environmental standards; - Decision No.505 BYT/QD dated 13 April 1992 by the Ministry of Health on the issuance of the hygiene standard. * Project-related legal bases: - Decision No. 927/QD-UBND dated 29 January 2013 on approving the Danang Sustainable City Development Project; - Dispatch No. 1355/UBND-QLDTu dated 15 March 2011 of Danang CPC on “investment policy on improvement and upgrading of the road DH2 from Hoa Nhon to Hoa Son”; - Decision No. 4945/QD-UBND dated 14 June 2011 of the Chairman of Danang CPC on “approving the alignment planning and land use boundary of the road DH2 from Hoa Nhon commune to Hoa Son commune”; - Decision No. 7900/UBND-QLDTu dated 06 September 2014 of Danang CPC on “the project: improvement and upgrading of the road DH2”; - Dispatch No. 11103/UBND-QLDTu dated 04 December 2014 of the Danang CPC on “the project: Improvement and upgrading of the road DH2 under the SCDP”. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 12 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP * Applicable Vietnam’s standards and Codes: During the preparation of EIA report, following applicable Vietnam’s standards to be applied to the project include: Water quality: - QCVN 01:2009/BYT - National technical regulation on drinking water quality. - QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on surface water quality. - QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on underground water - quality. - QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on domestic wastewater. - QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT - National technical regulation on industrial waste water. - QCVN 25:2009/BTNMT - Wastewater of solid waste landfill site: Regulating maximum allowable concentration of wastewater of solid waste landfill sites when discharging to receiving source. - TCVN 5502:2003 – Domestic water supply - Quality requirements. - TCVN 6773:2000 - Water quality - Quality of water used for irrigation. - TCVN 6774:2000 - Water quality – Fresh water quality guidelines for protection of aquatic life. - TCVN 7222:2002 – Water quality – Quality of water from the centralized domestic wastewater treatment plants. Air quality: - QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT – Air quality – National technical regulation on ambient air quality. - QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT – Air quality – Permitted maximum concentration of hazardous substances in ambient air. - TCVN 6438:2001 - Road traffic means - Permitted maximum level of exhaust gas. Solid waste management: - Decision No. 27/2004/QD - BXD dated 09 November 2004 of the Ministry of Construction on promulgating Vietnamese Construction Standard TCXDVN 320:2004 - “Hazardous waste landfills - Design standards". - TCVN 6696:2009 – Solid waste – Sanitary landfill sites – General requirements for environmental protection. - QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT – National technical regulation on hazardous waste thresholds. - QCVN 25:2009/BTNMT - National technical regulation on wastewater of the solid waste landfill sites. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 13 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Quality of soil and sediment: - QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT – Soil quality - National technical regulation on the allowable limits of heavy metals in the soils. - QCVN 15:2008/BTNMT - Soil quality - National technical regulation on the pesticide residues in the soils. - QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT - National technical regulation on sediment quality in fresh water areas. Noise and vibration: - QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT - National technical regulation on noise. - TCVN 5948:1999 - Acoustic - Noise emitted by accelerating road vehicles - Permitted maximum noise level. - QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT - National technical regulation on vibration. Water supply and drainage: - TCVN 7957:2008 - Drainage and sewerage - External Networks and Facilities - Design Standard - TCXDVN 33:2006 - Water Supply - Distribution System and Facilities. Design Standard. Labor safety and health: - Decision No. 3733/2002/QĐ-BYT dated 10 October 2002 on application of 21 standards on safety and health. 2.2. Safeguards policies of WB Table 0-1: Environmental safeguard policies of WB Policies Reasons of activation OP/BP 4.01 – The works involved in construction of transport infrastructure, therefore, Environmental during the construction, it will cause negative environmental impacts. assessment OP/BP 4.11 – - The project will affect some graves scattered in cemeteries and in Physical need of relocation. The Consultant carried out consultation with owners cultural of these graves and local authorities. The results of consultation showed resources that they support the project and willing to relocate their graves as long as they receive adequate assistances. - In addition, there is no local religious or cultural works to be affected by the project. OP/BP 4.12 - - The project will acquire land and non-land assets, including Involuntary residential land and structures, agricultural land and some infrastructure. resettlement - The survey results and statistics showed that the construction of the project will affect an area of 191,223m2, including 50,977m2 of residential land. Simultaneously, the project will affect 664 households Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 14 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Policies Reasons of activation and 02 organizations (ward/commune People’s Committees), of which 411 households are impacted with residential land; 276 households are impacted with housing and 109 households have to relocate. Information The first draft of the project information booklet (PIB) will be summaized access and disseminated for the localities where the project is located (Hoa Nhon and Hoa Son communes) for collecting opinions and comments. The consultations were carried out in two communes through invitation of the affected persons to attend the meetings at the commune People’s Committee for collecting opinions. Comments from local people and authorities will be incorporated in the report. After the final report is approved, it will be publicly disclosed at the localities. 3. Implementation Agencies of EIA The EIA report of the Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 Project of which Danang Department of Transport is appointed as Client and PIIP-PMU shall be responsible for managing the project. EIA Preparation Consultant: - Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. (IAC Vietnam) - Address: No. 50 Ngo Huyen, Hang Trong ward, Hoan Kiem district, Hanoi - Tel: 04-6 6251 0258 - Fax: 04-6 6251 0258 E-mail: info@iacvietnam.com - Director: Mr. Nguyen Van Trung Table 0-2: List of Staff Preparing EIA report No. Full name Discipline Responsibilities I. Representative of the Client 1 Mr. Luong Thach Vy Director of PMU Environmental 2 Mr. Le Anh Duc Project Management Management Environmental 3 Mrs. Vo Thi Truc Ly Project Management Management II. Consultant Specialists Team Leader/ Lead in preparing 1 Doan Manh Hung Master of Environment EIA report Public Consultation, social impact 2 Nguyen Manh Truong Bachelor of Sociology assessment Public consultation, social impact 3 Nguyen Thi Ngoc Anh Master of Sociology assessment; preparing RP Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 15 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP No. Full name Discipline Responsibilities Field survey; environmental 4 Lai Viet Thang Master of Biotechnology impact assessment 5 Phung Thanh Tung Transport Engineer Designing infrastructure Nguyen Thi Thu 6 Bachelor of Economics Cost estimate Phuong 4. Methods to be applied during the implementation of EIA report During the study, survey and preparation of EIA report, the Consultant applied a range of following study methods: 4.1. Methods of Environmental Impact Assessment  Rapid assessment method: The Rapid Assessment Method is used for calculating wastewater and air pollution in the project area. This method was proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and accepted in several countries. In Vietnam, this method is introduced and applied in many EIA study, relatively performing the accurate calculation of the pollution load in the context of limited instrumentation and analysis. In this report, the pollution load coefficients are taken under the EIA guidelines of the World Bank (Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume II, Sectoral Guidelines, Environment, World Bank, Washington D.C 8/1991) and Handbook of Emission, Non-Industrial and Industrial source, Netherlands.  Comparison method: - The comparison method is to assess the environmental quality, effluent quality, pollution load, etc. On the basis of comparison with the concerning environment norms and standards, the regulations of the Ministry of Health as well as the concerning researches and related experiments in the world.  Identification method: This method is applied through the following specific steps: - Describe the environment system. - Identify the project components that affect the environment. - Identify the full range of related waste streams, environmental issues to serve the detailed evaluation.  Listing method: It is used quite common (since the establishment of the National Environmental Protection Agencies in some countries - NEPA) and bring positive results thank to many advantages as clear approach, systematic provision during system analysis and evaluation. It includes 2 main categories: - The description listing table: This method lists the environment components in need of research in addition to the information on the measurement, prediction and evaluation. - The simple listing table: This method lists the environment components in need of study which is possibly affected. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 16 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP  Systematic analysis method - This method is applied fairly common in the environment analysis. The advantage of this approach is the comprehensive assessment of impacts, which is useful in identifying effects and waste sources. - This method is applied based on the review of waste sources, impact sources, affected objects, environmental components, etc. like the elements in a system that has close relationship with each other, thereby, to identify, analyze and evaluate impacts. 4.2. Other methods  Public consultation method - This method is applied during the interview with local officials and residents for collecting necessary information for the EIA of the Project. Namely, introducing them benefits and possible negative impacts on the environment and their lives. On this basis, make the sum of feedback about the project and expectations of local people. - On the other hand, discuss and interview directly with local officials and residents on local socio-economic development situation.  The information and data inheriting, synthesizing and analyzing method: - The method is to identify, assess natural, economic - social conditions in the project area through the data and information collected from various sources such as Statistical Yearbook, regional social – economic reports, regional environmental status and involved research work. - At the same time, it inherits available studies and reports which are really necessary because it inherits previous results, simultaneously, improve limitations.  Field survey method: - The field work is required to carry out the environmental impact assessment to determine the current status of land for the project implementation, concerned adjacent objects, surveys to choose sampling locations, survey the current state of water supply, drainage, power supply... - The consulting agency conducted topographical, geological survey, collecting meteorological data to serve the design in accordance with the current standards of Vietnam. The survey results are used to evaluate the natural conditions of the project area.  Expert method: Based on knowledge and experiences in the environmental science of the environmental impact assessment experts of the Consultant and other scientific research units.  The sampling and sample analyzing method in laboratory: - The sampling and analysis of samples of environmental elements (soil, water, air) is integral in identifying and assessing the current state of the baseline environmental quality in the project area. - After the field survey, the sampling program and sample analysis will be set up with the main content such as sampling locations, measurement and analysis parameters, human Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 17 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP resources, necessary equipment and tools, duration, sample preservation plan, analysis plan, etc. - For this project, the project owner coordinated with the Meteorology Station in the Central region to organize monitoring, sampling and analysis of the air, water, soil, sediment and aquatic samples in the project area to assess the status of the quality of the environment components. Sampling, analyzing and storage of samples shall comply with current Vietnam standards: + For air: Height of sampling position calculated from ground is 1.5m. Air samples are collected on imperger pipe by air sampling pump, Sampler (America) Model: 224.PCXR8. Dust samples are collected by air collection pump KIMOTO (Japan). Dust: Sampling and analyzing according to Vietnam standard TCVN 5067:1995, sampling device: KIMMOTO, weigh on analytical balance: Sartorius BP 211D, sensitiveness 1x 10-5gr (Germany). SO2: Collecting sample on Kimmoto Handy Sample HS-7- Japan, according to Vietnam standard TCVN 5971:1995. Sample analyzer by colorimeter on UV spectrum -1691 PC… CO: Sampling and analyzing according to standard HD.5.7-13. + For analyzing samples of water, soil and sediment Vietnam’s standard TCVN 6663-6:2008: Guidance on sampling of rivers and streams. TCVN 5999:1995: Guidance on sampling of wastewater. TCVN 6663-11:2011: Guidance on sampling of ground water. TCVN 7176:2002 – Methods of biological sampling. TCVN 6663- 3:2000: Guidance on sampling of sewage sludge and sediment. TCVN 6663-3:2008: Guidance on preservation and handling of samples. Parameter analyzing methods according to Vietnam’s standards and ISO, including: 1- pH: Directly measured by digital meter - Wagtech, according to TCVN 6492:2011. 2- DO: Directly measured by digital meter - Wagtech, TCVN 7325:2004. 3- Total suspended solid (TSS): Weight method, TCVN 6625:2000. 4- BOD5: BOD Track analyzer, according to TCVN 6001-1:2008. 5- COD: COD analyzer brand HACH, includes colorimeter DR/890, sample destroying stove according to SMEWW 5220 D:2012. 6- Hardness: Analyze on two-channel ion chromatography LC-0ADVP, Detector CDD according to TCVN 6224-1996. 7- NH4+-N: UV-VIS Spectrophotometer Model Shimazu UV - 1691 PC theo SMEWW 4500-NH3 F:2012. 8- NO3--N: Analyze on UV-VIS Spectrophotometer Model Shimazu UV - 1691 PC according to EPA 352.1. 9- PO43: Analyze on two-channel ion chromatography LC-0ADVP, Detector CDD or UV-VIS Spectrophotometer Model Shimazu UV - 1691 PC according to TCVN 6202:2008. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 18 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 10- SO42: Analyze on two-channel ion chromatography LC-0ADVP, Detector CDD or UV-VIS Spectrophotometer Model Shimazu UV - 1691 PC according to SMEWW 4500 SO42- E:2012 11- Cd, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu, Cd…: Analyze according to SMEWW 3113B:2012, As according to TCVN 6626:2000, Hg according to TCVN 7877:2008, on atomic absorption spectrum Model AAS-800. 12- Mineral oil: Weight method, TCVN 5070:1995. 13- Coliform: Pipe method, TCVN 6187-2:1996. 14- Chloride: Two-channel ion chromatography analysis equipment LC-0ADVP, Detector CDD according to Vietnam’s standard TCVN 6494-1:2011. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 19 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP CHAPTER 1: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 20 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 1.1. Name of project Project: “improvement and Upgrading the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)”. 1.2. Project Owner The Project Owner: Da Nang City People’s Committee. Executive Agency: PMU of Danang Priority Infrastructure Investment Project (PiiP-PMU) - Address: 54 Thai Phien, Hai Chau District, Da Nang city - Tel: 0511 562 677 - 562679 Fax: 0511 562678 - Legal representative of the Project Owner: Mr. Luong Thach Vy – Director of PMU Project Approver: Danang City People’s Committee. 1.3. Geographical position of the project The road DH2 is located in Hoa Nhon and Hoa Son communes, Hoa Vang district, Danang city. Figure 1-1: Position of the road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son) * Status of the road DH2: The road DH2 connects from Hoa Nhon commune to Hoa Son commune in Hoa Vang district, Danang city. The road connects from National Highway 14B to the provincial road 602, in length of 9.2 km. The starting point at (Km0+0,00) intersecting with National highway 14B at Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 21 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP the head of Giang bridge, intersecting with Hoang Van Thai road at Km5+0,00 and the ending point at (Km9+228,07) intersecting with the provincial road 602 at the position 200m away from Tung Son bridge. The road runs toward the East-West in parallel and 30-1,100m away from the Hai Van – Tuy Loan road. The road is designed with cross section of 2 lanes. The terrain of the road is mainly rice fields and some sections pass through the low-lying hills with the elevation varying from 2.5m to 30m and not large cross slope. The residents living on the road are mainly concentrated in the areas with high terrain where flooding hardly happens and cultural centers, schools and markets are concentrated. The road passes through the sensitive works such as Hoa Nhon recreation area, Hoa Nhon 1 primary school, Hoa Nhon medical station, Hoa Nhon market, Hoa Nhon 2 primary school, the Agent Orange sponsoring center, Phu Pha village communal house, Phu Ha cathedral, Hoa Son 1 primary school, Loc Quang church, Xuan Phu temple, Phu Thuong cathedral, Hoa Sơn dressed stone trade village and Hoa Son communal martyrs cemetery. The road DH2 passes through the residential areas of villages namely: Phu Thuong, Phu Ha, Xuan Phu and Tung Son in Hoa Son commune and villages Phuoc Hung, Phuoc Thai, Thach Nham Tay, Thai Lai and Phu Lai in Hoa Nhon commune, Hoa Vang district, Danang city In addition, many high voltage (66kV - 220kV), medium voltage (22kV – 35 kV) and low voltage (0.4 kV) lines exist in the project area. Starting point intersecting with provincial Hoa Nhon communal health center road 604 (Km0+00) (Km1+383) Hoa Nhon primary school No. 1 (Km1+480) Hoa Nhon primary school No. 2 (Km3+295) Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 22 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Cross with Hoang Van Thai road (Km5+00) Ending point intersecting with provincial road 602 (Km9+228) The Agent Orange sponsoring center Phu Ha village hall ( Km5+286) (Km4+300) Hoa Son dressed stone trade village Phu Ha cathedral ( Km6+00) from the ( Km5+700) cathedral to the road about 10m Loc Quang pagoda( Km7+00) the distance to Hoa Son Primary No.1 (Km7+100) road about 15m Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 23 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Phu Thuong Cathedral ( Km7+838) Hoa Son communal martyrs cemetery ( Km9+00) Figure 1-2: Some pictures of the road Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 24 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Hoa Son communal martyrs cemetery Hoa Son Primary No 1 Hoa Son dressed stone trade village The Agent Orange Hoa Nhon communal sponsoring center health center Phu Thuong Cathedral Hoa Nhon Primary Hoa Nhon Primary school Loc Quang pagoda Phu Ha Cathedral Phu Ha village hall school No2 No1 Figure 1-3: Location map of sensitive works surrounding the project area Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 25 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP a) Road DH2 base: - Road surface width : 5.5m; - Road sides width : 2 x 1,0m; - Roadbed width : 7,5m; - The road surface of section from the road end to Km8+500 is asphalt-penetrated. - Section from Km8+500 to the other road end has been repaired with a concrete asphalt road surface structure. Currently, the road is damaged and downgraded due to less maintenance and repair, and big traffic flow, especially the section passing Hoa Son commune where accommodates many split rock production facilities, suffers from heavy load vehicles at high frequencies making its road surface damaged and obstructing the people’s travel, especially causing local congestion during the rainy season. b) Load capacity: - Road : 9.5T. - Structures : H13 truck c) Flood frequency: - Section Km0+0.00 - Km2+217.00 : Annually flooded. - Section Km2+217.00 - Km9+197.20 : P = 4%. The road alignment from Km0+00 to Km2+217.00 is frequently suffered from flood( annually flooded ), in the flood season water from the basins associated with rising water from Tuy Loan river, which causes flood in the whole area. Section Km2+217.00 – Km9+197.20 current status is designed with frequency flood frequency of 4%. d) Structures: The system of bridges and culverts on the road invested long time ago with the H13 load capacity does not ensure load capacity for the current traffic flow, specifically: - F75 - 3F125 aperture culverts: 36 pieces - Various bridges as listed in the table below: No. Bridge name Location Features Length (m) 1 Km0+166.00 reinforced concrete slab bridge 3.0 2 Dong Gia Km0+463.00 reinforced concrete slab bridge 6.0 3 Km2+563.00 reinforced concrete slab bridge 7.0 4 Voi bridge Km4+957.00 reinforced concrete slab bridge 9.1 5 Trang bridge Km5+927.60 reinforced concrete slab bridge 6.0 6 Lau Qua bridge Km6+874.90 reinforced concrete slab bridge 9.0 7 Km7+565.34 reinforced concrete slab bridge 3.0 8 Tung Son bridge Km9+188.00 reinforced concrete slab bridge 4.0 e) Intersections: Road DH2 has 5 junctions including one with the old National road 14B, one with Road 18 (Cay Thong crossroad), one with Hoang Van Thai road (DH1), one with Road 21 (to the city’s cemetery), one with Road 602 (Tung Son crossroad) and one with Road 604 (from Tuy Loan – National road 14G). The other remaining crossing roads are small (2 - 3.5m wide). Therefore, when the project comes into construction, the project area can be approached directly via the existing roads above. However, the reinforcement of structures on these lines and restoration their original state after the construction is complete should be taken into account. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 26 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP f) Protection works and traffic safety: Protection works on the road are hardly invested. The negative slope at section Km8+550 - Km8+650 has just been reinforced with mortared rip rap structure. The traffic safety system invested long time ago is now degrading. g) Domestic electricity and lighting system: The electricity supply system has been invested but the lighting system is unavailable. 1.4. Scope of the Project 1.4.1. Objectives of the Project Main objectives of the Project: - Renovate and upgrade the Road DH2 to be one of the major transportation routes serving travel needs of people’s communes in Hoa Vang district, which connects the northern region with the District Administration Center, the Southern and the Southwest regions of Hoa Vang district. - Together with the southern backbone links of city (Hoa Phuoc – Hoa Khuong road) and the Western ring road to create a synchronous and high quality transport system for travelling in urban and peri-urban areas. 1.4.2. Scope of the Project - The DH2 road alignment with length of 9 Km connected to the old 14B National Highway and the 602 provincial road is renovated and upgraded by expanding asphalt concrete road with the width from 7.5m to 10.5m and width of 5m roadside from each side. The height of road DH2 road baseline will be renovated from 2m to 3m compared with the road’s current road. - The current road has 2 sections (section Km0+212 – Km0+924 and section Km1 + 514 – Km2+355) is in the lowland, frequently flooded. Thus, the DH2 road will be adjusted road alignment at these two sections. Details are as below: + Section Km0+212 – Km0+94: turning left alignment compared with the current road, passing through agricultural land area. + Section Km1+514 – Km2+355: turning right alignment compared with the current road, the new road alignment passing through the hill. The survey shows that there are not rare species in this hill. According to this new road alignment, the number of resettlement compensation increases significantly; however, it’s possible to solve the current flood for this road. - To adjust by increasing the road horizontal curve radius at some locations on the alignment in order to ensure traffic safety in the operation phase. - Section Km8+850 to the end of route: this alignment follows the current road (not round Hoa Son communal martyrs cemetery) so as to mitigate site clearance, resettlement and create a safer intersection with DT602 road. 1.4.2.1. Location and function of the road DH2: - Connects with the National Highway 14B to the city center, Hoa Vang administrative center, Hoa Cam industrial park and National Highway 1A. - Connects with the provincial road 602 to the center of communes or the administrative, political, cultural and social centers of the North of the district, Ba Na tourism area, Hoa Khanh industrial park or the universities in Lien Chieu district. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 27 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP - Connects with Hoang Van Thai road to Ba Nga tourism area or National highway 1A in Hoa My locality. - Connects with inter-commune road 21 – Nam Cao to National Highway 1A at the area of Danang University of Education. 1.4.2.2. Scale and specifications of the road Scale and specifications of the road DH2 are designed as the table below: Table 1-1: Specifications of the road DH2 (Hoa Nhon - Hoa Son) No. Main specifications 1 Applicable standard TCXDVN 104 - 07 2 Road grade urban artery road 3 Entire road cross section 20.5m 4 Design speed (km/h) 50 5 Speed at intersection (km/h) 20 Load capacity: - Structures HL93, H30-XB80 6 - On line ditch, pavement 400Kg/m2 - Road base 120KN 7 Frequency: 5% 8 1 directional sight range (m) 55 9 2 directional sight range (m) 115 10 Maximum vertical slope (%) 4 11 Horizontal road slope (%) 2 12 Min horizontal curve radius (m) 100 Min vertical curve radius (m) 13 - Convex 1,200 - Concave 1,000 14 Road surface structure A1 2 15 modulus of elasticity Eyc (daN/cm ) 155 Width / road surface horizontal 16 10.5m /2% slope 17 Width / pavement horizontal slope 2x5.0m /2% Source: Description of the Feasibility Study of the Project Other technical infrastructures such as power supply, water supply, lighting system, optical cables and communications will be invested synchronously according to the standards of each sector. 1.4.3. Design volume of work items of the road DH2 1.4.3.1. Design of the road 1) Alignment of the road: - The alignment of the road is basically designed according to Decision No. 4945/QD- UBND dated 14 June 2011 of Danang city People’s Committee on "approving the alignment planning and land use boundary of the road DH2 from Hoa Nhon to Hoa Son”. The starting point at Km0+0,00, intersecting with National Highway 14B at the head of Giang bridge( in Hoa Nhon commune), the route crosses the extended Hoang Van Thai road at Km4+987,65 (X = Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 28 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 772775,387; Y = 511902,487) and the ending point at Km9+228,07 intersecting with the provincial road 602( in Hoa Son commune). Total length of the new road alignment is 8,924.6m. Of which, the road crosses the residential area in length of 5,257.46m. In this project, the DH2 road is considered for local adjustments to some sections as follows: a) Increasing the road horizontal curve radius at some points and road alignment and the route from section Km8+850 to its end section: * Adjustment by increasing the road horizontal curve radius: Some curves lie on the route is designed with ordinary minimal radius R = 100. However with ground conditions allowed, at these positions, it’s possible to layout the larger road horizontal curve radius to increase traffic safety in the operation phase. The adjusted option as follows: - Adjustment by local increasing horizontal curve radius at points D6 (Km1+610) from R=200 to R=400; the points: D8 (Km1+975); D14 (Km3+770); D16 (Km4+471); D22 (Km5+909); D24 (Km6+366); D28 (Km7+131) from R=100 to R=200. * The alignment at section from Km8+850 to the end of road alignment: At this section, alignment goes along the old road, passing Hoa Son cemetery, crossing with the provincial road 602 at the current intersection 40m far away Tung Son over bridge to avoid a cut through the hill slope and residential area. The alignment option follows the project schedule as required in order to serve as a branch of completed intersection between Hai Van – Tuy Loan road with DT602 road in the future, and create an intersection with DT602 road with higher safe. Tung Son overpass Intersection DT 602 The adjusted alignment Alignment old Figure 1-4: Alignment section Km8+850 to the end of route Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 29 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP b) Adjusting road alignment at 2 sections Km0+212- Km0+924 and Km1+154 – Km2+355: The road crosses through section Km0+0.00 - Km2+158.39 in the area where flood regularly happen and population is crowded. In rainy season, flood water flows from basins and combines with water of Tuy Loan river and cause flooding to whole area. According to survey results, in annual rainy season, the road is flooded in depth of 0.5 – 1.5m, especially in 1999; flood level was 2-3.5m. To ensure harmony between flood frequency and current elevation of the residential areas in two sides of the road, the Design Consultant proposed 2 alternatives at 2 sections ( in the alignment area with frequently flood from Km0+00 – Km2+158.39) as follows: * Alternative 1: (frequency of annual over flood) These two sections follow the current road, designing the height of red road ( the height designed of core road) is designed with frequency of annual over flood h= 4.52m. With this alternative, the time of construction is short, the volume of site clearance is small due to taking advantage of the current road; however, the alternative has major disadvantages in the case of the flood occurs, the road will be flooded, causing traffic congestion and difficulties in urban development. Total length of the road L = 9068,26m. * Alternative 2 ( Frequency of over flood 5%): - Elevation of red boundary line is designed with frequency of P = 5% (the drainage culvert is designed with frequency of p = 5%); - Adjust: Section Km0+212 - Km0+924: The road follows the boundary approved to the section Km0+212, then turns left and crosses the rice fields which are 100m away from the old centerline and merges into the old road at Km0+924. Section Km1+514 - Km2+355: at Km1+514, the road bends right, passing a low hill area which is 110m far from the old road center and merging the old road at Km2+355. Total length of the road L = 8,924.6m. With this alternative, the construction period will be extended because the roadbed is designed higher; site clearance and resettlement are higher than the alternative 1. However, the alignment under the alternative 2 will ensure to improve flooding condition, investment performance and favorable urban development in the future. Hence, this alternative has been selected. New alignment chart under the alternative 2 of 2 sections is shown in the figure below. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 30 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP PA 2 alignment PA1alignment PA1 alignment PA 2 alignment GIANG BRIGE Figure 1-5: Alternative of Alignment section Km0+212 – Km0+924 and section Km+514 – Km2+355 Table 1-2: Vertex coordinate of the road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son) No. Vertex X Y No. Vertex X Y 1 DDA 1769540.626 541733.383 18 §22 1773327.761 537906.923 2 §1 1769854.906 541693.068 19 §23 1773541.763 537918.778 3 §2 1770075.638 541267.111 20 §24 1773785.840 537957.958 4 §5 1770331.202 540946.470 21 §25 1774083.543 537819.653 5 §7 1770496.584 540514.196 22 §26 1774294.363 537787.357 6 §8 1770551.43 540203.461 23 §27 1774381.482 537818.211 7 §11 1770754.711 539813.857 24 §28 1774514.768 537818.359 8 §12 1771270.046 539295.135 25 §29 1774736.529 537743.127 9 §13 1771424.439 539131.681 26 §30 1774902.174 537653.187 10 §14 1771580.797 538921.040 27 §31 1775196.616 537579.813 11 §15 1771918.876 538709.778 28 §32 1775438.968 537489.342 12 §16 1772171.328 538538.372 29 §33 1775572.187 537485.224 13 §17 1772450.427 538554.817 30 §34 1775845.786 537287.734 14 §18 1772601.147 538544.699 31 §35 1776013.067 537080.549 15 §19 1772915.422 538356.879 32 §36 1776141.667 537015.741 16 §20 1773160.813 538223.476 33 CDA 1776211.444 536959.780 17 §21 1773201.816 538040.143 Source: Description of Feasibility Study of the Project Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 31 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP The alignment of Alternative 2 ensures to improve the flooding situation, investment efficiency and facilitate urban development in the future. This alignment is approved by Danang city People’s Committee. - Layout: According to coordinate system VN2000, axis meridian: 107°45’, projection zone 3°. - Elevation: According to the national elevation system at Hon Dau – Hai Phong. 2) Selection of alternatives: Although desired number of lanes is 4, the selected alternative is 2 lanes due to limited investment funding. Traffic flow will be inspected after this road is put into operation. Supplement of lanes will be determined depending on the increasing traffic flow. The 2-lane alternative was approved by Danang city People’s Committee under Decision No. 4945/QD - UBND dated 14 June 2011 of Danang city People’s Committee and specified through the master plan on transportation and public works of Danang city. 3) Horizontal alignment: On the basis of the approved alignment, the Design Consultant carried out the survey for setting out in field. The horizontal alignment is designed according to the secondary road. The minimum horizontal curve radius Rmin =100m. Design results are as follows: Table 1-3: Summary of horizontal curve elements No. Crest Angle A R(m) T(m) P(m) K/2(m) ln(M) ISC(%) W(M) Direction 1 ĐĐA 2 Đ1 180D27'37" Not driving bend right 3 Đ2 100D58'03" 100 82.48 29.63 68.97 25.00 4.00 0.40 left 4 Đ3 189D49'10" 200 17.18 0.74 17.14 12.00 2.00 0.30 right 5 Đ4 204D37'08" 200 43.64 4.71 42.97 12.00 2.00 0.30 right 6 Đ5 162D22'48" 200 31 2.39 30.75 12.00 2.00 0.40 left 7 Đ6 152D42'56" 200 48.54 5.81 47.62 12.00 2.00 0.30 left 8 Đ7 185D04'41" 400 17.74 0.39 17.73 12.00 2.00 0.00 right 9 Đ8 202D52'21" 100 20.23 2.03 19.96 25.00 4.00 0.40 right 10 Đ9 212D48'58" 100 29.45 4.25 28.64 25.00 4.00 0.40 right 11 Đ10 153D08'07" 100 23.88 2.81 23.44 25.00 4.00 0.40 left 12 Đ11 197D15'32" 200 30.35 2.29 30.12 12.00 2.00 0.30 right 13 Đ12 178D33'17" 1000 12.61 0.08 12.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 left 14 Đ13 173D13'10" 1000 59.24 1.75 59.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 left 15 Đ14 201D24'46" 100 18.91 1.77 18.69 25.00 4.00 0.40 right 16 Đ15 177D49'33" 2000 37.95 0.36 37.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 left 17 Đ16 217D32'48" 100 33.99 5.62 32.77 25.00 4.00 0.40 right 18 Đ17 172D47'15" 400 25.21 0.79 25.18 12.00 2.00 0.00 left 19 Đ18 152D58'38" 100 24.03 2.85 23.58 25.00 4.00 0.40 left 20 Đ19 182D20'01" 1000 20.37 0.21 20.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 right 21 Đ20 131D08'12" 60 27.26 5.9 25.58 Intersection left 22 Đ21 210D47'08" 100 27.53 3.72 26.87 25.00 4.00 0.40 right 23 Đ22 229D46'42" 100 46.4 10.24 43.44 25.00 4.00 0.40 right Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 32 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP No. Crest Angle A R(m) T(m) P(m) K/2(m) ln(M) ISC(%) W(M) Direction 24 Đ23 185D56'55" 400 20.78 0.54 20.76 12.00 2.00 0.00 right 25 Đ24 145D57'45" 100 30.61 4.58 29.7 25.00 4.00 0.40 left 26 Đ25 196D12'31" 200 28.48 2.02 28.29 12.00 2.00 0.30 right 27 Đ26 208D12'42" 100 25.13 3.11 24.62 25.00 4.00 0.40 right 28 Đ27 160D33'41" 100 17.13 1.46 16.96 25.00 4.00 0.40 left 29 Đ28 161D11'49" 100 16.56 1.36 16.41 25.00 4.00 0.40 left 30 Đ29 170D14'20" 400 34.16 1.46 34.07 12.00 2.00 0.00 left 31 Đ30 194D30'28" 200 25.46 1.61 25.32 12.00 2.00 0.30 right 32 Đ31 173D31'20" 1000 56.59 1.6 56.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 left 33 Đ32 198D42'01" 200 32.93 2.69 32.64 12.00 2.00 0.30 right 34 Đ33 145D56'53" 100 30.62 4.58 29.72 25.00 4.00 0.40 left 35 Đ34 164D44'24" 300 40.19 2.68 39.95 12.00 2.00 0.00 left 36 Đ35 152D43'27" 100 24.26 2.9 23.8 25.00 4.00 0.40 left 37 CĐA Source: Description of Feasibility Study of the Project Table 1-4: Design results of horizontal curve Alternative 1 Alternative 2 No. Radius Crest Rate (%) Crest Rate (%) 1 1000.3%; Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 33 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP - Taking advantage of the old road base, ensuring the thickness of the new road surface structures; - Longitudinal section is designed on contour method; - The maximum longitudinal slope of 4%. Table 1-5: Results of longitudinal control elevation Control No. Chainage Position Notes elevation Intersection with 1 Km0+00 8.13 Keep original status provincial road 604 Km0 - Hoa Nhon administrative According to planned 2 > 6.20 Km0+900 center elevation Intersection with Hoang Elevation of completed 3 Km4+859.72 9.70 Van Thai road road Intersection with 4 Km8+924.60 8.36 Keep original status provincial road 602 Hydrology report on suitable level 5 Small bridge, culverts on the road P 5% Hydrology report on suitable level 6 Flood level along the road P 5% Source: Description of Feasibility Study of the Project 1.4.3.3. Road horizontal section The road horizontal section is selected as below: + Road surface : 2x5,25m, 2% horizontal slope. + Sidewalk : 2 x 5,0m = 10,0m, 2% horizontal slope 2%.  Road base width: (5,0+10,5+5,0) = 20,5m. Figure 1-6: Cross section option for normal base Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 34 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Figure 1-7: Cross section option for high filling base 1.4.3.4. Designing road base and protection * Compaction: Road base is excavated with proper width, elevation and compaction K95, CBR >6. In particular, 30cm (excavated road base) and 50cm (backfilled road base) in the top near the road pavement layer, use hill soil with compaction of K98 to ensure load-bearing capacity CBR>8. At sections crossing the rich fields, before backfilling road base, it is required to carry out organic dredging in thickness of 30cm or sludge dredging in thickness of 50cm. Slope of embankment >20%. Carry out benching before backfilling with Bbenching = 1.0m. * Slope: Slope depends on the geological conditions of the road. For common embankment 1/m=1/1,5; excavation foundation in hill soil 1/m=1/1,0. Slope is planted with grass at the position near river and consolidated by concrete slab (40x40x5)cm, on reinforced concrete frame. 1.4.3.5. Designing of road pavement Road pavement is designed according to the design procedures of soft road pavement with main street road in accordance with Standard 22TCN211-06, axis design load of 12 tons, wheel tracking diameter of D=36cm. Modulus of elasticity Eyc 155MPa. Top-down road pavement structure is as follows: Reinforcing the old road surface to be made use of: - Small size bitumen concrete BTNC12,5, thickness of 5cm; - Spreading tack coat TC 0.5 kg/m2; - Medium size bitumen concrete BTNC19, thickness of 7cm; - Spreading tack coat TC 1.0 kg/m2; - Crushed aggregate base course Dmax25, thickness of 15cm; - Crushed aggregate base course Dmax37,5 thickness of 15cm; - Warp supplement for crushed aggregate base course Dmax25. Extended and new road surface: - Small size bitumen concrete BTNC12.5 thickness of 5cm; - Spreading tack coat TC 0.5 kg/m2; Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 35 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP - Medium size bitumen concrete BTNC19 thickness of 7cm; - Spreading tack coat TC 1.0 kg/m2; - Crushed aggregate base course Dmax25 thickness of 15cm; - Crushed aggregate base course Dmax37.5 thickness of 15cm; - Crushed aggregate base course Dmax37.5 thickness of 15cm; 1.4.3.6. Designing of auxiliary works 1) Sidewalk –Curb – Holes for planting trees a) Sidewalk: The sidewalk is excavated, filled with soil and compacted with K=0.95 to the designed elevation level, sidewalk surface is tiled with Darramic, thickness of 4cm, cement mortar M.75 thickness of 2.0cm, coarse sand underneath, compaction thickness of 5cm. b) Curb: Beveled structure 2/1, 20cm high, 25cm wide, upper structure M.250 stone 1x2 is installed from 1.0m long structure piece. Lower structure 60x20cm by concrete M.200 stone 1x2 poured in place on a padding layer thickness of 10cm. Side ditch width of 30cm, side ditch slope at 5%. Upper and lower structures are connected by cement M.100, thickness of 1.5cm. c) Holes for planting trees – green trees: Establish holes for planting trees with dimensions 1.0x1.0m, 50cm high along the road sides on the pavement, 1 hole each 8m. The holes are 1.0m far from the curb edge, holes structures are assembled by concrete M.250 stone 1x2. Green trees: One of the following main tree type selected by the city: Yellow flame tree, Hopea odorata, Samanea saman... d) Technical culverts: Arrange technical culverts to deliver underground stuff, the positions to arrange the culverts depend on the infrastructure demand such as water supply, electricity supply, information optical fiber... Assemble box culverts with dimensions (1.0x1.0m, 1.0m long by reinforced concrete M250 stone 1x2, culvert foundation padding is made by concrete M150 stone 2x4, under 10cm padding layer. - Design result: 23 pieces/576 m. 2) Intersections, crossroads in residential areas Design the intersections in a flat intersection form, speed at the intersection is 20km/h. Structure of the intersection surface is designed as the that of main road structure. The design range covers the connection range. Design curb connection with curb radius ranging 5.0-12m, specifically: - Crossing with road width 10.5m < B : Rmin = 12m; - Crossing with road width 7.5m < B<10.5 : Rmin = 10m; - Crossing with road width 5.5m < B<7.5 : Rmin = 8m; - Crossing with road width 3.0m < B <5.5m: Rmin = 5m; Residential area crossroads having width B < 3m are connected to the pavement. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 36 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Residential area crossroads having elevation level different from the main road elevation level shall be designed with vertical slope imax < 4%. Structures restored: * Cement concrete roads: + Cement concrete M200 thickness of 18cm; + Oil paper; + Crushed aggregate base course Dmax25 thickness of 10cm. * Asphalt concrete road: + BTNC15 thickness of 5cm; + Spreading tack coat TC 0.5 kg/m2; + Crushed aggregate base course Dmax25 thickness of 15cm. 3) Bus stops 36 bus stops will be constructed on the DH2 road. Bus stops are designed as stop-pass with extra lane; approximately 300-700m arranged a stop point, structures as of the main road. 4) Traffic safety system Organizing traffic flow on road with a system of road signs: signboards, line marking following the current road signing regulations (Road sign charter 22 TCN 237-01). 5) Environmental sanitation Planting appropriate trees on the sidewalk which help reduces noise, dust and provide cooling for pedestrians. Along each 8m plant a tree, plant on both road sides. Arrange recycle bins along the sidewalk every 50m. The shape and size of the recycle bin should be aesthetic and suitable for the road. 6) Other infrastructures Other infrastructures: Power supply, water supply, lighting, cable and communication systems shall be provided in accordance with branch standard and made into separated documents. 7) Drainage works a) Design principles: On drainage: This is the urban road, hence gathering water into one area is necessary. Depending on the basin, arrange suitable water gathering locations; On aperture: Combining the aperture of the existing bridges and culverts on Hai Van - Tuy Loan road and the drains through the main channel of Tuy Loan pumping station to establish drainage for the basins; The horizontal drainage system is calculated in accordance with the standard for typical flood features (22 TCN 220-95 standard). Design frequency P = 5%; The irrigation drains, intake culverts of the pumping station are applied restoration design; The vertical drainage system is calculated following the MOT’s manual for Hydrology and Hydraulics of Bridges and roads. b) Vertical drainage Vertical drainage is arranged on the sidewalk, the center of the drainage system is 2.5m Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 37 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP from the road surface edge. Centrifugal concrete pipes D = 800 are used, putting on crushed course stone 4x6 with thickness of 30cm; Manholes, inlets and horizontal raceways arranged at intervals of 25m, concrete structures M150 with M200 reinforced concrete cover. At the horizontal locations, arrange centrifuge bearing pipe. Vertical drainage is connected to bridges, outlets to Tuy Loan river. At the segments invested in different stages, ditches along the excavated base are reinforced by concrete pieces with dimensions 57x50x8 cm. Restore irrigation ditches with soil-filling structure K95, trapezoid shaped (5+1)x1m, roof slope 1:2. c) Horizontal drainage - Design policy : new design; - Scale : permanent; - Calculated load : HL93, H30-XB80; - Bridge, culvert width is equal to road base width. * Box culverts: The drains on the road are designed to use box culverts with aperture from 100x100 cm to 300x300 cm - Culvert body: Reinforced concrete M300 stone 1x2, culvert body cutoff is made by concrete M200 stone 1x2. - Upstream, downstream: Head wall, side wall with reinforced concrete M300 stone 1x2, cutoff culvert ground by concrete M150 stone 2x4 on padding layer thickness of 10cm. Reinforcement against erosion for the upstream and downstream by rip rap. - Load reduction slabs: by reinforced concrete M200 stone 1x2, manholes of the vertical drainage by concrete M150 with reinforced concrete M200 slab cover. + Box culvert (100x100)cm : 13/606.5 (piece/meter long); + Box culvert (150x150)cm : 6/144 (piece/meter long); + Box culvert 2x(150x150)cm : 1/22 (piece/meter long); + Box culvert (200x200)cm : 2/62 (piece/meter long); + Box culvert 2x(300x200)cm : 1/23 (piece/meter long); + Box culvert (300x300)cm : 5/118 (piece/meter long); Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 38 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Table 1-6: Summary of horizontal drainage culverts Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 33 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Table 1-7: Summary of horizontal culverts returning two old road sections (adjusted section) Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 34 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP * Bridges: 4 bridges are built on the DH2 road. Their location and structure are described as follow: Bridge at Km0+165,99: - Upper part structures: Total bridge length Ltc=9.0m, bridge span (1x6)m, reinforced concrete slab beams of 30Mpa. There are 20 slab beams with thickness of 30cm. Bridge deck is coated with tight asphalt BTNC12.5, thickness of 5cm. Handrails by reinforced concrete 25Mpa; - Lower part structures: Use flexible abutment structure, crosshead by reinforced concrete 25Mpa placed directly on a line of piles, arrange 20 piles each abutment, estimated length of pile Ldk=19m, pile section 35x35cm by reinforced concrete 30Mpa. Behind each abutment, arrange slab 200x300x20 cm by reinforced concrete 20Mpa. Retaining wall by reinforced concrete 15Mpa. - Road on both bridge ends: following the general standard for the whole road. Reinforcing 10m road on the bridge end with mortared rip rap M100, thickness of 25cm Bridge at Km2+368,43: - Upper part structures: Total bridge length Ltc=21.78m, bridge span (1x9)m, reinforced concrete beams slab of 30Mpa. There are 20 slab beams with thickness of 45cm. Bridge deck is coated with tight asphalt concrete 12.5, thickness of 5cm. Handrails by reinforced concrete 25Mpa; - Lower part structures: Use flexible abutment structure, crosshead by reinforced concrete 25Mpa placed directly on a line of piles, arrange 20 piles each abutment, estimated length of pile Ldk=12m, pile section 35x35cm by reinforced concrete 30Mpa. Behind each abutment, arrange slab 200x300x20 cm by reinforced concrete 20Mpa. Slope protection by mortared rip rap M100, thickness of 25cm - Road on both bridge ends: following the general standard for the whole road. Reinforcing 10m road on the bridge end with mortared rip rap M100, thickness of 25cm. Bridge Km6+623,18 (Lau Qua bridge): - Upper part structures: Total bridge length Ltc=21.78m, bridge span (1x9)m, reinforced concrete beams slab of 30Mpa. There are 20 slab beams with thickness of 45cm. Bridge deck is coated with tight asphalt concrete 12.5, thickness of 5cm. Handrails by reinforced concrete 25Mpa; - Lower part structures: Abutment is wall structured, cap is reinforced concrete 25Mpa. Shallow foundation of 1.5m thickness is reinforced concrete 15Mpa. Behind each abutment, arrange slab (200x300x20)cm by reinforced concrete 20Mpa. Quarter cones by mortared rip rap M100, thickness of 25cm. - Road on both bridge ends: following the general standard for the whole road. Reinforcing 10m road on the bridge end with mortared rip rap M100, thickness of 25cm. Building the bypass to ensure the construction on the right of road. Designing results of the reinforced concrete slab bridge: 4/676.5 (pcs/m2). 8) Relocation of medium and low-voltage transmission line and newly building of lighting system: a) Purpose: - Relocate electric poles will affect the construction of road items. - Newly building public lighting system for completely-invested sections. b) Scope: Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 35 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Since the road DH2 Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son is newly upgraded and improved, the new medium and low-voltage transmission lines, transformer substation and the existing lighting systems should be dismantled and relocated to the position at the newly-planned sidewalk. At the same time, it is required to withdraw the existing lighting systems and newly build lighting systems suitably with the landscape of the road. - Transmission lines to be dismantled: + Floating medium-voltage transmission line 22kV : 8,789m. + Floating low-voltage transmission line 0.4kV : 8,504 m. + Transformer substations : 08 substations. - Transmission lines after relocation: ( is built as new) + Medium-voltage transmission line 22kV after relocation : 9.219 m. + Floating low-voltage transmission line after relocation : 14.749,6 m. + Floating transmission line to be newly built : 10.087,5m. + High-voltage lamp 150W-220V : 22 sets. + High-voltage lamp 250W-220V : 206 sets. + Transformer substation : 08 substations. Medium and low-voltage transmission lines systems, transformers substation and existing lighting system should be dismantled and relocated to the position at the newly- planned sidewalk. It is required to withdraw the existing lighting systems and and newly build lighting systems suitably with the landscape of the road. c) Technical solutions * Medium-voltage route: - Transmission line: Currently, there is floating medium-voltage transmission line along one side of the road. + The floating medium-voltage transmission line on centrifugal concrete pillars of 10.5m, 14m, and H10 pillars. + The existing transmission line consists of various kinds of cables AC50, AC70, AC95, AC240, AV95-24KV, AV120-24KV. + Newly building of centrifugal concrete pillar of 14m for the medium-voltage transmission line after relocation, making use of iron pillars of 10.7m. - Dismantle, make use of and supplement various kinds of cables AC50, AC70, AC95, AC240, AV95-24KV, AV120-24KV for the medium-voltage transmission line after relocation. Insulation and transmission line fittings: - Make use of types of insulation for the medium-voltage transmission line and supplement at required positions. - Transmission line fittings: Using domestic fittings. Pillars: - Make use of 10.7m pylon pillars dismantled for the medium-voltage substation and pillar after relocation. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 36 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP - Newly building of centrifugal concrete pillars of 14A, 14C. - Newly-grown pillars are purchased from the concrete plants, then transported to the construction site. Beams: - Make use of types of beams dismantled and supplement for re-installing for the medium-voltage transmission line after relocation. - For newly-built beams, use form steel manufactured at factory and hot dip galvanized with minimum thickness of 80m. Pier foundation: The whole route uses cast-in-place pier foundation, kind of stepped foundation. There are 4 kinds of foundation, including MT3, MT4 and centrifugal twin pier foundation and 10.7m iron pier foundation. - Foundation MT3: Used for centrifugal concrete pillars 14A at the vertical supporting positions. - Foundation MT4: Used for centrifugal concrete 14C at corners, branched and head/end positions. - Twin pier foundation is used at position of placing 2 centrifugal concrete pillars of 14m. - Iron pier foundation is used at positions of 10.7m iron pillars Protection: - Medium-voltage side: Atmosphere over-voltage protection by valve lightning arrester 22kV, symbol LA-22 (make use of). - Protect transmission line and human by multiple earthing. Earthing by 6 steel piers L63x63x6 vertically driven beneath ground, LR-6 earthing kind. Earthing resistance  30. Low-voltage line: - Transmission line: Currently, there is floating low-voltage transmission line in combination with floating medium-voltage transmission line along two sides of the road. + The floating low-voltage transmission line on centrifugal concrete pillars of 10.5m, 8.4m, 7.2m and H7 pillar. + The existing conductor wire consists of kinds of cables: ABC(4x35)XLPE-0,6KV, ABC(4x50)XLPE-0,6KV, ABC(4x70)XLPE-0,6KV, ABC(4x95)XLPE-0,6KV, ABC(4x120)XLPE-0,6KV, AV95-0,6KV, AV50-0,6KV. + The low-voltage transmission line after relocation runs floating in two sides of sidewalk for the road bed with cross section of 10.5m and runs floating on one side of sidewalk for the road bed with cross section of 7.5m. Low-voltage transmission line runs floating in combination with the medium-voltage transmission line after relocation and runs floating independently on the centrifugal concrete pillar of 8.4m. - Dismantling and making use of all aerial bundled cables ABC(4x35)XLPE-0,6KV, ABC(4x50)XLPE-0,6KV, ABC(4x70)XLPE-0,6KV, ABC(4x95)XLPE-0,6KV, ABC(4x120)XLPE-0,6KV, AV95, AV50 and supplement kinds of cables suitable for low- voltage transmission line after relocation. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 37 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP - Make use of haulage cables to hauling to households and supplement insufficient sections. Pier: - Newly-building of centrifugal concrete piers of 8,4A & 8,4C. - Newly-grown piers are purchased at the concrete plants, then transported to the construction site. Pier foundation: - The whole route uses cast-in-place pier foundation, kind of stepped foundation. There are 3 kinds of foundation, including MT1, MT2 and centrifugal concrete twin pier foundation of 8.4m. Insulation and transmission line fittings: - Using dedicated equipment for hanging cable: At cable support positions, using cable suspension clamp. At the end position and corner, using cable tightening clamp. Conduit box: - At each low-voltage and medium-voltage pier, arrange conduit box to return supply grid for sub-loading households. Conduit box is installed into pier by steel strapping and lock. Protection: - To ensure safety for operating on low-voltage lines, using earthing joints for connecting to earthings of the medium-voltage transmission line after relocation. - Short-circuit and overload protection for wire by general and branch circuit-breakers placed in the cabinet of the substation. Lighting line: - Line: + Dismantle the existing lighting line and newly install one for the road. + Lighting line is newly installed floating on medium and low-voltage piers after relocation. + Newly install aerial bundled cable ABC(4x35)-XLPE/0,6KV for newly-installed line to ensure lighting and aesthetic of the newly-planned road. Lighting technical indexes: - According to lighting standards: For grade B road (road bed width of 10.5m), the lighting system should pass following basic parameters: + Average brightness : 0.8 – 1.6cd/m2; + Average illumination : 10 - 25Lux ; + Overall uniformity Uo :  40 %; + Longitudinal uniformity Ul :  70 %; - According to lighting standards: For grade C road (road bed width of 7.5m), the lighting system should pass following basic parameters: + Average brightness : 0.4 – 0.6cd/m2; + Average illumination : 10 - 25Lux ; + Overall uniformity Uo :  40 %; Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 38 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP + Longitudinal uniformity Ul :  70 %. Arrangement of clamp on piers: - The whole lighting line runs floating on piers of medium and low-voltage transmission line after relocation and arranged with lighting on one side. + Lamp mounting height is 9.5m for road bed with cross section of 10.5m. + Lamp mounting height is 8.2m for road bed with cross section of 7.5m. + Using type of high-voltage Sodium lamp 250W-220V for road bed with cross section of 10.5m and Sodium lamp 150W-220V for road bed with cross section of 7.5m. + Illumination angle is 10o. + For the lighting line combined on medium-voltage pier, using 1.5m lamp rod and mounted on medium-voltage pier by beam clamp. + For the lighting line running on centrifugal concrete pier of 8.4m, using lamp rod cap of 1.5m. Power supply methods: - Power supply source: + Power supply source for lighting cabinets is taken from the low-voltage line after relocation to supply power for the newly-built lighting system. - Grid structure: + Using 3-phase 4-wire network. + Rated voltage: 220/380V. Main features: - Whole lighting line runs floating. - Using aerial bundled cable ABC(4x35)/XLPE-0,6kV. - Lamp cable M(2x2,5)PVC/PVC-0,6kV. Control system: - Lighting system is controlled by the control regime of newly-installed lighting cabinet. - On-off control time follows Decision No. 16/QD-UBND dated 12 April 2012 of the Danang city People’s Committee. Safety: - Short-circuit protection for general feeder and lighting lines by available circuit breaker installed in the lighting cabinet. - High-pressure lamps are locally protected by fuse 5A which is newly-installed at each pier. Earthing: - To project neutral wire and safety for people along the lighting line, earthing is connected commonly into the earthing system of the medium and low-voltage transmission line after relocation. Transformer substation: - Dismantling and relocation of substation. Of which: Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 39 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP + Two 3-phase substations 100kVA-22/0,4kV. + Four 3-phase substations 180kVA-22/0,4kV. + Two 3-phase substations 250kVA-22/0,4kV. - Make use of all equipment and materials of substations after relocation, including transformers, cabinets, insulator, beams, arrester and fuse cut out, etc. - Replace necessary fittings. - Newly build earthing system for each substation. 9) Treatment of intersection with high-voltage transmission line At intersections with the high-voltage transmission line, it is required to ensure clearance. Pursuant to the Government’s Decree No.14/2014/ND-CP dated 26 February 2014 stipulating in detail of Electricity Law regarding electricity safety: The discharge safety distances for different voltages is minimum distance from conductor in the maximum sagging state to the highest point of the protected object and prescribed in the table below: Voltage Discharge safety Up to 35kV 66-110kV 220kV 500kV distances To highest point of highway means 2.5 m 2.5 m 3.5 m 5.5 m of transport Item (c), Article 6 of Circular No. 39/2011/TT-BGTVT dated 18 May 2011 regulating and instructing the implementation of the Government’s Decree No.11/2010/ND-CP on management and protection of road traffic infrastructure as follow: For the transmission line runs above the road, it is required to ensure that minimum distance according to the vertical direction from the lowest point of the transmission line in the maximum sagging state to the highest point of road pavement (excluding backup section for lifting road pavement when repairing, upgrading and improvement) is 4.75m plus discharge safety distance for different voltages in accordance with laws on electricity. 10) Relocation of water supply system Water sources: Water source is unchanged, continue to be taken from D280 HDPE line on the provincial road 602. Network: The existing pipelines D110, D50 along the road have just been invested since 2014. These pipelines are now operating well and ensure demands of water use. However, when the road is upgraded, these pipelines are mostly located beneath road bed or in line with the drainage culvert and other infrastructures. Regarding economic efficiency, to avoid waste and ensure continued supply water for residents, the consultant proposes to relocate the existing pipelines to the appropriate positions on sidewalk. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 40 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP The relocation should be calculated thoroughly to reduce time of water failure. In doing so, it is required to relocate section by section and complete on daily basis. On average, it should be relocated and returned about 50-100m daily. At each section, it is required to availably dig ditch on sidewalk and on road bed, then cut pipe for relocating, then re-connect existing pipe, flush and combine the relocation and return the gauge assembly on such section. Relocation of 1,925m of D110 HDPE pipe and 2,887.5m of D50 HDPE pipe. At the position of D50 HDPE pipe crossing the road, pipe (3*5m) will be connected additionally with pipe burying depth 0.8m from road pavement and steel bush D100 (3*8m). Re-connect the conduits into branch alley. Newly install residual valve at the end of road. 11) Return existing road The sections at 2 positions with adjusted alignment will be updated and renovated to ensure smooth connection with the main road and facilitate the travelling of residents in two existing sections. The road is designed to follow the existing road to minimize the site clearance compensation. Scale: - Scale and grade : Collector road; - Design speed : 40Km/h; - Design frequency : Follow the existing road and ensure annual flood frequency - Length :1,073.93m; Of which: + Section 1 : 431.27m; + Section 2 : 642.66m; - Cross section : Bn=(4.0+7.5+4.0)= 15.5m; - Road pavement structure grade A1 with Eyc  120Mpa; - Technical infrastructure on road: Curb, sidewalk and green trees which are invested synchronously. - Longitudinal drainage : Using centrifugal concrete pipe with aperture of F600; - Traffic safety: Complete investment; Relocate medium and low-voltage transmission line and newly build the lighting system. 1.4.3.7. Volume of excavated and backfilling soil during the construction (according to the option) According to the basic design of the Project, volume of soil to be excavated, backfilled and transported during the construction of road items is shown in the table below: Table 1-8: Volume of excavated and backfilling soil during the construction of work items No. Items Excavated soil (m3) Backfilling soil (m3) I Road base Excavation of grade 3 soil road 1 99.679,74 - base Excavation of grade 3 soil road 2 24.429,67 - form 3 Volume of organic sludge 18.583,87 - Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 41 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP No. Items Excavated soil (m3) Backfilling soil (m3) dredging 4 Volume of benching 1.792,25 - 5 Excavation of old road pavement 2.714,41 - 6 Road base backfilling K95 - 304.788,02 Road base compaction K95, 7 - 39.658,55 thickness of 30cm Coarse sand filling to set off 8 - 3.895,58 sludge dredging 9 Hill soil compaction ≥ K98 - 37.518,31 II Bus stop Hill soil compaction ≥ K98 - 1.890 III Longitudinal drainage system 10 Returning irrigation ditch 372,76 2.140,85 IV Site clearance compensation Backfilling due to elevation 11 - 8.212,50 difference Total 147.572,70 398.103,79 Source: Summary from the Description of Basic Design of the Project 1.4.3.8. Forecasting traffic demands on the road DH2 The results of forecasting traffic flow for each phase of the road DH2 are shown in the table below: Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 42 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Table 1-9: Forecasting results of traffic flow on the road DH2 Year 2016 xe đạp + xe xe con / xe bus/ xe tải Total Vehicle/ Total PCU/ Loại PT/Veh Type máy Car BUS Truck Tổng xe Tổng PCU Đầu tuyến Section 8,161 84 - 461 8,706 2,869 Cuối tuyến 8,529 217 98 1,138 9,982 5,013 Năm 2020 xe đạp + xe xe con / xe bus/ xe tải Total Vehicle/ Total PCU/ Loại PT máy Car BUS Truck Tổng xe Tổng PCU Đầu tuyến Section 8,458 105 - 510 9,073 3,072 Cuối tuyến 8,839 271 155 1,258 10,523 5,573 Year 2025 xe đạp + xe xe con / xe bus/ xe tải Total Vehicle/ Total PCU/ Loại PT of transport Means máy Car BUS Truck Tổng xe Tổng PCU Đầu tuyến Section 10,634 150 - 672 11,456 3,957 Cuối tuyến 11,114 386 247 1,658 13,405 7,371 Year 2030 xe đạp + xe xe con / xe bus/ xe tải Total Vehicle/ Total PCU/ Loại PT máy Car BUS Truck Tổng xe Tổng PCU Section Đầu tuyến 11,109 202 - 806 12,117 4,439 Cuối tuyến 11,610 521 322 1,989 14,442 8,621 Figure 1-8: Forecasting traffic flow on the road DH2 1.4.4. Construction organization of the Project 1.4.4.1. Mobilization of manpower and machines Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 43 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP The personnel serving the project will be recruited and trained by the contractors to ensure sufficient capacity to perform the tasks. In bids, construction contractors will also present their personnel mobilization plans, including the priority in using local laborers. Machinery and equipment for the project will also be proposed by the construction contractors and approved by the PMU to ensure construction requirements for the components of the project to be met and in line with general progress. Table 1-10: Indicative list of machines and equipment for construction No. Name of machines and equipment for construction 1 Truck of 2.5 – 7 tons 2 Bitumen sprayer of 7 tons 3 Water tanker of 5-9m3 4 Dump truck of 10 tons 5 Self-propelled vibrator of 25 tons 6 Wheel-mounted crane of 25 tons 7 Excavator of 1.25m3 8 Self-propelled wheel-mounted vibrator of 16 tons 9 Plate compactor of 1kW 10 Portable iron cutter of 1.0kW 11 Electric welder of 23kW 12 Vibrating roller of 10-25 tons 13 Grinder of 1.0kW 14 Diesel powered air compressor of 600m3/h 15 Bulldozer of 108CV 16 Spreader of 50-60m3/h 17 Grader of 108CV 18 Concrete mixer of 250l 19 Hoist of 0,8T 20 Excavator of 1,6m3 21 Bitumen boiler 22 Line painter 23 Concrete batching plant of 60 tons/h 1.4.4.2. Supply sources of materials and stockpiles According to the basic design of the Design Consulting Unit, main materials mines which can be used for the construction of the project are listed as below. All material supply Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 44 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP mines and waste stockpiles are granted with licenses: 1) Filling soil materials According to basic design of the project, Hoa Nhon land mine is chosen as the main fill soil supply mine for the project because the mine is located on the old QL14B road intersecting with the start point of the route at Giang Bridge, convenient to the transportation of materials to the work construction. Hoa Nhon land mines - Hoa Nhon land mine, located on National road 14B, average transport distance of 8.0Km; - Reserve of 90.000m3/year, quality guaranteed for work construction. In the providing case, it is possible to exploit from the following mines: a) Phuoc Thuan land mine (DD1) - Location: The mine is in Hoa Nhon commune - Hoa Vang district - Danang city, and is currently exploited and managed by the Asphalt and construction stone exploitation enterprise under Danang Transport construction company. - Conditions of exploitation and delivery: The mine is exploited by machine, conditions of exploitation and delivery are favorable and not affected by weather. Transport distance to the end of project is about 5.3km (of which 2.2 km of 5.0 wide asphalt road, 1.0km of 10.5m asphalt road, 2.1km of asphalt Road 14B). - Reserve: The reserve of the mine is about 800,000m3. (evaluated as Grade C reserves, not affecting the environment). - Quality: According to the test results of 01 soil sample taken at the mine, the soil here is a kind of clay mixed with sand and gray yellow reddish brown soil. Some average physical and mechanical features of the mine are as follows: + Natural moisture: W = 14.85 % + Best moisture: Wtn = 14.02 % + Maximum dry density volume: γcmax = 1.897 g/cm3 + Plasticity: Ip = 10.60 % + CBR: CBR 100% = 10.50 + CBR 98% = 9.40 + CBR 95% = 7.60 b) Hoc Gia Hanh land mine (DD2) - Location: The mine is in the area of Tung Son village, Hoa Nhon commune - Hoa Vang district - Danang city and is currently exploited and managed by Quang Hung Limited Liability company (Danang). - Conditions of exploitation and delivery: The mine is exploited by machine, conditions of exploitation and delivery are favorable and not affected by weather. Transport distance of about 8.7km (of which 0.7km of 4.0 wide earth road; 0.4km of 5.0m asphalt road; 6.0km of Hai Van - Tuy Loan asphalt road; 1.6Km of asphalt National road 14B. - Reserve: The reserve of the mine is about 700,000m3. (evaluated as Grade C reserves, not affecting the environment). Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 45 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP - Quality: According to the test results of 01 soil sample taken at the mine, the soil here is a kind of clay mixed with sand and gray yellow reddish brown soil. Some average physical and mechanical features of the mine are as follows: + Natural moisture: W = 15.02 % + Best moisture: Wtn = 14.77 % + Maximum dry density volume: γcmax = 1.884 g/cm3 + Plasticity: Ip = 11.1 % + CBR: CBR 100% = 9.70 + CBR 98% = 8.80 + CBR 95% = 7.20 c) Hai Yen land mine (DD3): - Location: The mine is in Hoa Son commune - Hoa Vang district - Danang city and is currently exploited and managed by Hai Yen private company. - Conditions of exploitation and delivery: The mine is exploited by machine, conditions of exploitation and delivery are favorable and not affected by weather. The average transport distance of about 6.7 km. - Reserve: about 1,000,000m3. - Quality: the soil here is a kind of clay mixed with sand and gray yellow reddish brown soil. d) Truong Ban land mine (DD4): - Location: The mine is in Hoa Son commune - Hoa Vang district - Danang city and is currently exploited and managed by Truong Ban Construction Limited Liability company. The average transport distance of about 6.4 km - Conditions of exploitation and delivery: favorable and not affected by weather. - Reserve: about 800,000m3. - Quality: the soil here is a kind of clay mixed with sand and gray yellow reddish brown soil. 2) Sand materials - The sand supply source for construction can be obtained from the mines located along Tuy Loan river, average transport distance of 5.5Km; - The reserve of each mine is about 200m3/day, quality guaranteed for work construction. In backup cases, the following mines can be used: a) Do bridge sand collection site (C1) - Location: The collection site is located on the left of Do bridge in the area of Hoa Chau commune - Hoa Vang district - Danang city and is managed by Le Van private base. - Conditions of exploitation and delivery: exploited by machine, conditions of exploitation and delivery are favorable in the dry season and unfordable in the rainy season. Transport distance from the collection site to the project area is about 5.10km, of which 4.90km of asphalt Road 1A and 0.2km of earth road. - Supply capacity: The survey shows that the supply capacity of the collection site is Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 46 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP not stable and depending on weather and supplies from small exploitation sites; the site provides average 300 m3/day - Quality: According to the experimental result, the sand here is of good quality, coarse medium-grained sand that is good for concreting. Grain size modulus: M = 2.69. b) Qua Giang bridge sand collection site (C2) - Location: The collection site is located on the left of Qua Giang bridge in Hoa Phuoc commune - Hoa Vang district - Danang city and is currently managed by Tran Thi Hoa private base. - Conditions of exploitation and delivery: exploited by machine, conditions of exploitation and delivery are favorable in the dry season and unfavorable in the rainy season. Transport distance from the collection site to the project area is about 0.8km (of which about 700m of asphalt Road 1A and 100m of earth road). - Supply capacity: The survey shows that the supply capacity of the collection site is about 100m3/day. - Quality: According to the experimental result, the sand here is of good quality, coarse medium-grained sand that is good for concreting. Grain size modulus: M = 2,65. c) Tuy Loan sand collection site (C3) -Location: The collection site is located on the right of Giang bridge in Hoa Nhon commune - Hoa Vang district and is currently managed by Nguyen Thi Nhut private base. - Conditions of exploitation and delivery: exploited by machine, conditions of exploitation and delivery are favorable in the dry season and unfavorable in the rainy season. - Supply capacity: unstable, depending on weather and small exploitation sites in the upstream area of Thu Bon river, the site provides average 100 m3/day. - Quality: good, the sand is of coarse medium-grain that is good for concreting. d) Tuyen Son bridge sand collection site (C4) - Location: The collection site is located on the left side of Tuyen Son bridge in Hoa Cuong Nam ward – Hai Chau ward - Danang city and currently exploited and managed by Trieu Dan Limited Liability company. - Conditions of exploitation and delivery: favorable in the dry season and unfavorable in the rainy season. - Supply capacity: about 500m3/day. - Quality: good, the sand is of coarse medium-grain that is good for concreting. 3) Stone materials Stone supply sources for the project can be obtained from local mines as follows: a) Dai La stone mine Dai La stone mine located on the extended Hoang Van Thai road, average transport distance of 5.0Km; reserve of 1.30 million m3/year, stones quality guaranteed for work construction. In backup cases, the following mines can be used: b) Phuoc Thuan stone mine - Location: The stone mine is in Hoa Nhon commune - Hoa Vang district - Danang city Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 47 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP and currently exploited and managed by Asphalt and construction stone exploitation enterprise. - Conditions of exploitation and delivery: exploited by machine, conditions of exploitation and delivery are favorable. The stone mine is about 5.10km far from the project site (of which 2.0km of 5.0m wide asphalt road, 1.0km of 10.5m wide of asphalt road and 2.1m of asphalt road 14B). - Reserve: about 2,000,000m3. (evaluated as Grade C reserves, not affecting the environment). - Quality: According to the test results, the stone in the mine is gray green granite that is good for concrete and asphalt concrete. Some average physical and mechanical features of the mine are as follows: + Compressive strength when dry= 1026,5 kG/cm2. + Saturation compressive strength= 1000,5 kG/cm2. c) Hoc Khe 2 stone mine: - Location: Hoc Khe 2 stone mine is in Hoa Nhon commune - Hoa Vang district - Danang exploited and managed by Chu Lai JSC. - Conditions of exploitation and delivery: The mine is exploited by machine, conditions of exploitation and delivery are favorable. The stone mine is about 5.90km far from the project site (of which 2.8km of 4.5m wide asphalt road; 1.0km of 10.5 wide asphalt road; 2.1km of asphalt Road 14B). - Reserve: about 1,400,000m3. (evaluated as Grade C reserves, not affecting the environment). - Quality: According to the test results, the stone in the mine is gray green granite that is good for concrete and asphalt concrete. Some average physical and mechanical features of the mine are as follows: + Compressive strength when dry= 935,50 kG/cm2. + Saturation compressive strength= 838,10 kG/cm2. d) Truong Ban stone mine - Location: The stone mine is in Hoa Son commune – Hoa Vang district – Danang city currently exploited and managed by Truong Ban Construction Limited Liability company. - Conditions of exploitation and delivery: The mine is conveniently exploited by machine. - Reserve: about 3,000,000m3 - Quality: stone at the mine is of gray green sericite schist that is good for concreting. e) Phuoc Tuong stone mine - Location: Phuoc Tuong stone mine is in Hoa Phat ward - Cam Le district - Danang, exploited and managed by Danang transport construction company. - Conditions of exploitation and delivery: The mine is conveniently exploited by machine. - Reserve: about 5,000,000m3. - Quality: stone in the mine is of gray green, gray black granite that is good for Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 48 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP concreting and asphalt concreting. 4) Concrete mixing plant: - Location: the asphalt concrete mixing plant is in Hoa Nhon commune - Hoa Vang district - Danang city and currently managed by Asphalt and construction stone exploitation enterprise. - Conditions of exploitation and delivery: are favorable and being used for various construction in the area. The plant is 3.10km from the project site (of which 1.0km of 10.5 wide road; 2.1km of asphalt Road 14B). - The asphalt mixing plant meets the requirement on quality and environment and has been licensed to operate (photo attached). - Capacity: 60-80T/h. 5) Other materials - Cement, iron, steel... are obtained in Danang city, 15Km far from the construction site. 6) Disposal landfills According to the plan, categories of land and construction waste raised from the project will be gathered to dispose at Khanh Son disposal landfill, 6km far from the works. - Acreage of Khanh Son: 48 ha - Location : Hòa Khánh Nam ward , Liên Chiểu district, Da Nang city - Operating capacity: 700 tons of trash/ day In case volume of waste generated is large, waste can be disposed to some following disposal landfills: a) Disposal landfills no. 1 (BT1) - Location: The disposal landfill is in Hoa Phu commune - Hoa Vang district - Danang city. - Transport distance: about 12.0 km (of which 10.5 km of asphalt Road 604 and 1.50km of asphalt Road 14B). - Conditions of transportation: are favorable in the dry season and unfavorable in the rainy season. - Capacity: about 130,000m3. - Management unit: The People’s Committee of Hoa Phu commune - Hoa Vang district - Danang city. b) Disposal landfill no. 2 (BT2) - Location: The disposal landfill is in Hoa Nhon commune – Hoa Vang district – Danang city - Conditions of transportation: are favorable in the dry season and unfavorable in the rainy season. - Capacity: about 150,000 m3. - Management unit: The People’s Committee of Hoa Lien commune - Hoa Vang district - Tp. Danang. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 49 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP c) Disposal landfill no. 3 (BT3) - Location:: Km7+250, Road 605 in Dien Hoa commune - Dien Ban district - Quang Nam province. - Transport distance: about 5 km to the project area. - Conditions of transportation: favorable. - Capacity: about 25,000m3. - Management unit: The landfill is under the ownership of Mr. Ho Ninh d) Disposal landfill no. 4 (BT4) - Location: Km7+340, Road 605 in Dien Hoa commune – Dien Ban district – Quang Nam province. - Transport distance: about 5.1km to the project area. - Conditions of transportation: favorable. - Capacity: about 16.000m3. - Management unit: The landfill is under the ownership of Mr. Tran Van Loc (Mobile: 0905430727) e) Disposal landfill no. 5 (BT5) - Location: Km11+180, National road 14G in Hoa Phu commune - Hoa Vang district - Danang city - Transport distance: about 12 km to the project area. - Conditions of transportation: favorable. - Capacity: about 10,000m3. - Management unit: The landfill is under the ownership of Ms. Nguyen Thi Loan (Mobile: 01644078819) f) Disposal landfill no. 6 (BT6) - Location: Km11+500, National road 14G in Hoa Phu commune - Hoa Vang district - Danang city - Transport distance: about 12.4 km to the project area. - Conditions of transportation: favorable. - Capacity: about 60.000m3. - Management unit: The landfill is under the ownership of Mr. Pham Thanh Minh (Mobile: 0905274253). 1.4.4.3. Electricity and water for construction - According to the project’s basic design, the water supply source for road construction is taken from water wells. Drill wells to a depth of about 12m and use pumps to supply water for the construction. - The power supply source is expected to be connected to the local power grid at the construction implementation area. 1.4.4.4. Construction method Because the project construction volume is relatively large and requires prompt Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 50 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP completion progress, the construction unit should study and organize construction coordination between the work items for maximizing construction capacity by chain method using appropriate arrangement of equipment, machine and personnel. Before the construction, the contractor shall notify the relevant units to coordinate closely during the construction process. This is an important and complex stage, which requires the coordination of the Employer and the construction unit with the local authorities to ensure the time schedule, timely dealing with the arising problems (if any). Carry out the tasks to accurately redefine the boundaries of the project, prepare the service road, specify the supply of materials, and prepare the storing yard for materials, vehicles and construction manpower. 1.4.4.5. Traffic guarantee during construction The DH2 is the main road facilitating the travel of the people in the area from the commune to the surrounding areas; therefore, in the course of construction, measures to ensure safe and smooth traffic flow are required. Particularly for intersections (intersection with Road 14B, Road 18, Hoang Van Thai road, Road 602, Road 604...), the traffic flow should be ensured as follows: - Establishing the construction sequentially for the extension part and the existing road surface; - Arranging pile barrier in the construction area - reflective band, night signaling lights and traffic instructor... as prescribed. 1.4.4.6. Access road and material transport road The construction location of the road DH2 can be accessed directly via the existing crossroads with the road DH2. However, the Client and construction contractor should pay attention to the reinforcement work on these local residential local roads and restoration to the original condition upon completed construction. 1.4.4.7. Main construction method The construction methods depend heavily on the capacity of the constructor. Depending on the capacity of the contractor, plans and methods of construction may vary but the main construction method basically sticks with the following construction procedures: - Preparation work. - Site cleaning, construction scope identification. - Excavation of road base, destruction and removal of masonry blocks, old floor...at sections where the road goes on the old land base, housing structures. - Construction of drainage system from the downstream up. - Construction of bridge. - Road base filling with soil. - Excavation of road form, compaction K95. - Filling with hill soil, compaction K98. - Curb concrete pouring. - Pavement filling with soil, compaction K95. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 51 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP - Crushed subgrade course construction. - Completion of soil filling and construction of pavement. - Establishment of asphalt concrete road surface layers. - Other completion works: installation of signs, line marking.... - Maintenance work... - Before the construction of the drainage system, it is needed to identify the water flow direction of the drainage system, select the order for ditch construction so that the construction process meets the requirements set out as well as make it easy to handle problems (if any). * For sections that soft ground treatment is not required: - Ground cleaning, organic excavation, relocation of electricity lines and pipelines within the construction range; - Construction of underground works (sewers, engineering culverts); - Construction of the main road base, local residential area roads, restoration of irrigation ditches; - Construction of curb, horizontal drainage trenches, installation of lighting system; - Construction of road surface foundation structures, road base completion; - Implementation of other completion works: installation of signs, line marking, other traffic safety works... * For sections that soft ground treatment is required: - Ground cleaning, organic excavation, relocation of electricity lines and pipelines within the construction range; - Soft soil treatment, road base filling with soil, soil filling and incremental loading; - Unloading, construction of underground works (sewers, engineering culverts); - Completion of road base at drains location; - Construction of curb, horizontal drainage trenches, installation of lighting system; - Construction of road surface foundation structures, road base completion. - Implementation of other completion works: installation of signs, line marking, other traffic safety works... 1.4.5. Cost estimate of investment funding - Total investment funding (including costs of construction, compensation, management and others) is VND 524,718,145,000 (US$ 23,5 million) Of which, construction cost is VND 316,802,285,000 (US$ ~14,2 million) site clearance cost is VND 88,030,000,000 (US$ ~3,95 million) temporary cost for purchasing environmental protection tools/equipment is VND 75,500,000 (US$ ~3400) (including 15 garbage receptacles and 5 portable toilets), the rest funding is others. 1.4.6. Progress of the project - The estimated progress of the road DH2 is: 24 months. - The general schedule of the road DH2 project is shown in the table below: Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 52 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Activities Start End Status Identification May 2015 Done Preparation May 2015 July 2015 Done In the process of Appraisal and approval Quarter 4/2015 Quarter 2/2016 implementation Implementation and quarter 4/2016 quarter 4/2018 To be done Monitoring Evaluation To be done Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 53 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP CHAPTER 2: NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO- ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF THE PROJECT AREA Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 54 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 2.1. Natural and Environmental Conditions 2.1.1. Topographical and geographical characteristics 2.1.1.1. Geographical characteristics of the project area * Geographical structure: The geographical structure of the surface cover at the project area is mainly young formations with origin from the quaternary sediment (amQIV3 và bmQIV3) with large varied thickness, include soil layers such as silt loam, loam, sand, clay sand and residual soil of bed-rock. * Strata: The results of strata survey and field survey as well as laboratory experiments of soil and rock samples showed that the strata from top to down include following layers: The survey area is located in line with the Huong Hoa – Hue – Danang map (E- 48- XXXV & E-48-XXXVI & E-49-XXXI) at scale of 1:200.000 published by the Department of Geography of Vietnam in 1996. According to the above map, monitoring and geographical exploration boring, the strata in the region are mainly: + Undivided quaternary: (ad, ed) pebbly, grit, sand and clay in thickness of 3-10m. + Upper Holocen (amQIV3) – Sand, powder, clay in thickness of 2-25m. + Middle Holocen (mQIV2) - lower: Sand, gravel, grit. Upper: clay, powder in thickness of 10-20m. + A Vuong formation: - Lower subformation (€1-O1-av1). sericite clorit schist, Biotite schist. * Physical properties of the soil and rock layers in the project area: The geological survey field drilling work, the laboratory results of physical and mechanical rock and soil samples and the results obtained from the geological survey of neighboring structures show that the stratum structures in the construction area are described from top to bottom as follows: * Strata 1: Coarse sand and gray yellow clay slurry, only existed at Voi bridge with strata thickness of 1.20m (LK-VOI) * Strata 2: Yellow gray, reddish brown silty clay in quasi-plastic state, the strata has been detected by LK-DG and LK-TAY drills with thickness changed from 3.0m (at LK-TAY) to 5.60m (at LK-DG). The field standard penetration test shows the value of N30 ranging 9- 10. * Strata 3: Yellow gray clay loam in semi-hard state. The strata is evenly distributed, laid directly under strata 2 and existed in all drill holes with thickness changed from 2.50m (at LK-TAY) to 11.60m (at LK-VOI). The standard penetration test (SPT) result shows the value of N30 ranging 12-28. * Strata 4: Perse clay loam in soft-plastic state. The strata is directly laid under strata 3 and detected by 04 drill holes with thickness changed from 2.70m (LK-TRANG) to 4.90m (LK-KM0-171). The SPT result shows the value of N30 ranging 4-8. * Strata 5: Small grained sand mixed with white gray, perse clay slurry in saturation state and medium dense. The strata is detected by the drilling hole at Tay bridge with thickness of 3.0m (LK-TAY). The SPT result shows the value of N30 ranging 18 - 21. * Strata 6: Brown gray clay slurry in hard state. The strata is detected at 04 drill holes with thickness changed from 2.80m (LK-KM0+171) to 4.90m (LK-VOI). The SPT result Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 55 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP shows the value of N30 ranging 21 - >30. * Strata 7: Strongly weathered, cracked, broken schist. The strata is detected at 05 drill holes with the maximum thickness of 9.70m. Physical and mechanical parameters as follows: - Compressive strength when dry = 132,60 kg/cm2; - Saturated compressive strength = 79,60 kg/cm2; * Hydrogeology: The area expected to improve and upgrade the DH2 (Hoa Nhon - Hoa Son) has a maximum depth of 23.0m as surveyed. Based on the documents collected, no typical aquifers have been shown. The aquifer relates directly with the surface water, the main water supply sources for this layer are river water and stormwater through geological windows. The hydrological report result of some neighboring structures shows that groundwater quality is poor and cannot be used for living, mainly used for construction or watering crops 2.1.1.2. Topographical Features of the Project area - The section from road beginning to Voi bridge (Km4+869.50) is under Hoa Nhon commune, Hoa Vang district. The terrains along this route are mostly rice fields, and some low hills. The elevation changes from 2.5m to 30.0m, the cross slope is not big. - The section from Voi bridge (Km4+869.50) to the road ending is in Hoa Son commune. The route terrains are mostly low hills with elevation changing from7.0m to 22.0m and not big cross slope. 2.1.2. Climate, Hydrographic and Oceanographic Conditions 2.1.2.1. Climate conditions According to statistics of the Central region meteorological station, Danang has a typically tropical monsoon climate with high temperatures and slight volatile. Danang’s climate is interlaced between climate of the Northern and Southern regions with the typical tropical features. Danang has two separate seasons with rainy season lasting from August to December and dry season between January and July. Cold winter occasionally occurs but does not last long. * Temperature: Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 56 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Table 2-1: Monthly average air temperature in Danang from 2000-2013 Source: The Mid-Central Regional Hydro-Meteorological Center Average yearly temperature is about 25.9°C, highest in June, July and August and varies from 28 to 300C, lowest in December, January and February, varies from 18 to 230C. In particular in Ba Na mountainous area, at the elevation of approximate 1,500m, average temperature is about 200C. However, due to effects of climate change, in the recent years, temperature and other meteorological elements (rain, humidity, etc.) no longer follow the rules of previous years. * Rainfall: Table 2-2: Average monthly/yearly rainfall in Danang from 2000 to 2013 Source: The Mid-Central Regional Hydro-Meteorological Center The annual average rainfall is 2,504.57 mm/year; the highest rainfall from 550-1,000 mm/month appears in October and November; lowest rainfall from 23-40 mm/month in January, February, March and April. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 57 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP * Air humidity: Table 2-3: Average monthly/yearly humidity in Danang from 2000 to 2013 Source: The Mid-Central Regional Hydro-Meteorological Center The average air humidity is 83.4%; the highest humidity is in September, October and November ranging from 85.67% to 87.67%; lowest in June, July ranging from 76.67% to 77.33%. * Sunshine hours: The average number of sunshine hours per year is 2,156.2; highest in May, June ranging from 234 to 277 hours/month; lowest in November, December ranging from 69 to 165 hours/month. Table 2-4: Average monthly and yearly sunshine hours in Danang from 2000-2013 Source: The Mid-Central Regional Hydro-Meteorological Center Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 58 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP * Wind and storms: The prevailing wind direction in Danang is the north, east and northeast (from October to April of the following year) and the west and southwest (from May to September). In the city center, the frequency of calm wind is quite high (30-50%). The average wind speed in 2009 was slightly low (1.4 m/s) and not too different with the previous years. The average wind speed varies from 2.3 to 2.7m/s. The annual average number of hurricanes is 0.84. Nevertheless, no storm has been recorded in some years while in other years there are from 3 to 4 hurricanes. Storms frequently occur from May to August. The highest average wind speed of storms and tropical depression ranges from 15 to 20 m/s (level 7-8). 2.1.2.2. Hydrological characteristics 1) Flooding situation in the project area: Hoa Vang district has the biggest number and length of passing rivers in Danang city. In the rainy season, most of the areas in the district are flooded. Overall, the flood season in this area starts from October and ends in December. The characteristics of floods is that they pour downstream quite suddenly; flood magnitude and intensity and flood water level are high, often causing serious flooding in the downstream. The road section from Km0+0.00 (Giang bridge end) to Km2+0.00 goes almost parallel to Tuy Loan river, 50-500m from the river bank. Some sections of the road go through low-lying rice fields and are often flooded in the rainy season. According to survey data on the annual flood levels, submerged depth is from 0.5 - 1.5m, particularly in 1999, the submerged depth is from 2 - 3.5 m. The flooding is mainly due to the rising Tuy Loan river water, impeding the drainage from the road upstream. The road section from Km4+0.00 to the road ending is in Hoa Son commune, having steep hilly terrain, elevation h> 8m, hardly flooded or flooded locally occurs for a short time at bridge and culvert locations. 2) Hydrological characteristics in the project area * Hydrological characteristics of Tuy Loan river: Tuy Loan river (or Thuy Loan river), a tributary of Cau Do river (or Cam Le river, Han river, depending on the segment), runs entirely in the territory of Hoa Vang district, Danang city. The river is about 30 km long, originating from Ba Na mountain in the west of Hoa Vang district. The river runs along west-east direction until reaching Hoa Tien commune, Hoa Vang district, it merges with Yen river forming Cau Do river. Tuy Loan river has two major tributaries – Lo Dong river on the right bank running from the southwest of Hoa Vang district and a small river on the left bank. Both tributaries enter Tuy Loan river in Hoa Phong commune. Lu Dong river has a small branch called Dong Nghe river. The catchment area of Tuy Loan river is 160 km² and the flow rate is 6.47 m³/s. 2.1.2.3. Climate change and sea level rise Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 59 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Figure 2-1: Flooding map of Danang city corresponding to sea level rise of 1m (Source: Climate change and sea level rise scenarios, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, 2012) In 2011, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment has released the report on "Scenarios of Climate Change and Sea Level Rise for Vietnam" which represents maps of rising levels of temperature, rainfall and flooding risks for some areas in Vietnam. Danang is one of the coastal cities that is likely to be severely affected by sea level rise. Therefore, the planning of areas at risk of inundation can also be considered as an important direction for the development track of the City. The map above shows that when the sea level rises by 1m, the areas along Tuy Loan river and the east bank of Han River where Cam Le river and Vinh Dien river join (mainly under Cam Le, Ngu Hanh Son districts) are the most vulnerable areas to floods. The study result of climate change and sea level rise scenario for Danang city is as follows: + Air temperature of Danang city by the end of the 21st century increases by 2.50C on the average. + Rainfall of Danang city by the end of the 21st century appears opposite in terms of annual rainfall, rain seasons and the biggest rain amount on one day. The average annual rainfall would increase by 5.0%. By the end of the 21st century, the rainfall in winter and spring would decrease over 14%; in summer and autumn, increase over 18%. The biggest rainfall on one day would decline sharply at 35% - 40%. + The sea level would rise to a height of 1.0 m by the end of the 21st century under the high emission scenario, the road DH2 would not likely to be flooded. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 60 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Thus, the flood flow generated from the biggest one-day rainfall tends to decrease and fall sharply by the end of the 21st century. This may confirm the reduction in the biggest flow into the rivers in Danang city. The combined impacts of climate change and sea level rise will follow the trend of reducing floods in the DH2 2.1.3. Quality of air, water, soil and sediment To assess the quality status of the environmental components in the project area, on 14 June 2015, the Client and Consultancy firm in collaboration with the Meteorological Observatory Central implemented the survey, monitoring, measuring and sampling the environment under the Vietnamese standards and the analysis in laboratory. Simultaneously they collected information and relevant data. The detailed results of each sample analysis are in the Annexes. The methods of measurement and sampling at site, maintenance, transportation, treatment and analysis of samples in laboratory are implemented in accordance with current Vietnam’s standards. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 61 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Figure 2-2: Position map of sampling air, water, soil, sediment and aquatic species at the project area Notes: NN1: Sampling underground water D1: Sampling soil; TS1-TS2: Sampling aquatic samples. TT1: Sampling sediment. K1: Sampling air. NM1: Sampling surface water. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 62 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Notes : NN2: Sampling underground water TT2: Sampling sediment K2: Sampling air NM2: Sampling surface water Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 63 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Note: D2: Sampling soil; K3: Sampling air; NT2: Sampling domestic wastewater; Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 64 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 2.1.3.1. Status of air environment quality Table 2-5: Ambient air sampling positions Coordinates No. Symbol Sampling location Longitude Latitude DH2 section in the residential area in Thach Nham 1 K1 Tay village, Hoa Nhon commune near Giang bridge 108° 8'29.67" 16° 0'1.49" (Road 14B) DH2 section crossing Hoang Van Thai, Ba Na-Suoi 2 K2 108° 6'43.21" 16° 1'36.17" Mo DH2 section in the residential area at Tung Son 3 K3 crossroad, Hoa Son commune, intersecting with Au 108° 5'52.33" 16° 3'31.28" Co road * Result of analysis and evaluation: The parameters for monitoring and analyzing air samples include: Noise, CO, NO2, SO2 and suspended dust. The analytical results are shown in the table below: Table 2-6: Measurement and analysis results of ambient air quality Result Standard for No. Parameter Unit K1 K2 K3 comparison 1 Noise dBA 65.8 55.7 62.3 70(1) Suspended 0.46 0.20 0.29 2 dust mg/m3 0.30(2) 3 NO2 mg/m3 0.084 0.046 0.052 0.20(2) 4 SO2 mg/m3 0.073 0.038 0.046 0.35(2) 5 CO mg/m3 5.426 3.742 5.427 30(2) Source: Results of environmental monitoring implemented by the Mid-central regional Hydrometerlogical Center on 14 June 2015 Notes: - (-): Not defined by standard.. - (1): QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: National technical regulations on noise - (2): QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT: National technical regulations on ambient air quality. - (3): QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT: National technical regulations on some hazardous substances in ambient air. * Comments: - Noise level measured at the locations ranges from 55.7-65.8 dBA, mostly remains within the permitted standard limit (QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT). - Dust content at K1 point (on Road DH2) near Giang bridge area is 0.46 mg/m3 exceeding QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT about 1.53 times; other areas including K2, K3, the dust levels stay within the permissible limit. Dust content at K1 point exceeds permitted standards Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 65 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP due to the region with high density, located near the intersection with old National QL14B road with more vehicles on the roads. K2, K3 points are located in the area of agricultural land, few households and motor vehicles, dust content remains low. - Content of toxic gases (NO2, SO2, CO) in the ambient air environment at 7 monitoring locations mostly remain within the permitted standard limit (QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT). 2.1.3.2. Surface water quality 1) Quality of surface water: Sampling locations are shown in the table below: Table 2-7: Surface water sampling location Coordinates No Symbol Sampling location Longitude Latitude . 1 NM1 Tuy Loan river surface water at Giang bridge 108° 8'28.61" 15°59'57.04" Surface water of the stream running by Road 2 NM2 DH2 near the crossroad with Ba Na-Suoi Mo 108° 6'43.14" 16° 1'35.25" road * Results of measurement and analysis: Table 2-8: Analytical result of surface water quality Result QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT No. Parameter Unit NM1 NM2 A1 A2 B1 B2 1 pH - 6.94 6.84 6-8.5 6-8.5 5.5-9 5.5-9 2 DO mg/L 5.68 6.78 6 5 4 2 3 TSS mg/L 30.2 20.7 20 30 50 100 5 BOD5 mg/L 6.7 4.9 4 6 15 25 4 COD mg/L 15 11 10 15 30 50 6 NH4+-N mg/L 0.527 0.297 0.1 0.2 0.5 1 7 NO3--N mg/L 0.621 0.276 2 5 10 15 8 NO2--N mg/L 0.004 0.003 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.05 9 PO43--P mg/L 0.057 0.058 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 10 Total grease mg/L 0.15 0.10 0.01 0.02 0.1 0.3 oil 11 Coliform MPN/100mL 7,500 3,400 2,500 5,000 7,500 10,000 Source: Results of environmental monitoring implemented by the Mid-Central Hydrometerological Center on 14 June 2015 Note : A1 – Reasonable use for water supply purposes and for other purposes such as type A2, B1 and B2. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 66 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP A2 - For the purpose of water supply, however applying appropriate processing technology; conservation of aquatic flora and fauna, or the use purposes as B1 and B2. B1 -Irrigation purposes or other purposes may require the same water quality or the use purpose as type B2. B2 - Hydro traffic and other purposes with low water quality requirements Comments: a) Values of pH, DO content, TSS, salinity: The pH value of the surface water samples in the project area is 6.84 and 6.94 meeting A1-A2 standards. The content of total suspended solids in surface water is 20.7 and 30.2 mg/L satisfying A1-B1 standards. DO content level in surface water are 5.68 and 6.78 mg/L meeting A1-A2 standards. b) Content of nutrients (NH4+-N, NO3—N, NO3—N, PO43--P): Content levels of NH4+-N in the surface water samples are 0.297-0.527 mg/L satisfying standards under A2-B1 columns. Content levels of NO3--N are 0.276-0.621 mg/L, satisfying standard under A1 column. Content levels of NO2--N are 0.003-0.004 mg/L within the permitted limit. Content levels of PO43--P are 0.057-0.058 mg/L, mostly satisfying standard under A1 column. c) Organic contents (COD, BOD5): Content levels of COD are 11-15 mg/L, mostly meeting QCVN in columns A1-A2. Content levels of BOD5 are 4.9-6.7 mg/L within A1-B1 columns d) Content of grease, oil: The content levels of grease, oil in the samples are 0.10-0.15 mg/L, mostly within the permitted range in B1-B2 columns. e) Coliform content: The Coliform content is 3,400-7,500 MPN/100mL, within standards under A1-B1 columns. In conclusion, environmental monitoring result shows that water quality of Tuy Loan river (NM1) doesn’t meet the B1 irrigation standard for NH4+-N and total grease. Surface water quality on stream through DH2 road, near Ba Na- Suoi Mo road meet B1 standard for irrigation at all monitoring standards. 2) Underground water quality: Table 2-9: Underground water sampling location No Coordinates Symbol Sampling location . Longitude Latitude 1 NN1 Underground water in Thach Nham Tay village, 108° 8'30.18" 16° 0'1.11" Hoa Nhon commune, near Giang bridge (Road Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 67 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 14B) 2 NN2 Underground water at the DH2 point near Ba Na 108° 6'42.85" 16° 1'31.06" - Suoi Mo road * Results of analysis and evaluation: Table 2-10: Analytical result of underground water quality Result QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT No. Parameter Unit NN1 NN2 Limit value 1 pH - 6.39 6.50 5.5-8.5 2 Hardness mg/L 86.250 90.125 500 3 TS mg/L 271.5 176.8 1500 5 COD mg/L 1.40 0.68 4 4 NH4+-N mg/L 0.512 0.059 0.1 6 NO3--N mg/L 1.715 5.741 15 7 SO42- mg/L 98.75 79.54 400 8 As mg/L 0.0012 0.0018 0.05 9 Fe mg/L 0.165 0.228 5 10 Cl- mg/L 35.460 24.576 250 11 Coliform MPN/100mL 16 KPH(<3) 3 Source: Results of environmental monitoring implemented by the Mid-Central Hydrometerological Center on 14 June 2015 Comments: 1) pH, TSS, hardness: The pH values of the underground water samples at the project site are 6.39 - 6.50. Total solids content in the underground water is from 176.8 to 271.5 mg/L satisfying the standard. Hardness level ranges 86.250 to 90.125 mg/L satisfying the standard. 2) Content of nutrients (NH4+-N, NO3—N, SO42-), chloride: Content of NH4+-N permitted is 0.059-0.512 mg/L, the NN2 sample satisfies the permitted standard, the NN1 sample does not satisfy the standard Content of NO3--N is 1.715-5.741 mg/L, meeting the standard. Content of SO42- is 79.54-98.75 mg/L, mostly satisfying the standard. Content of chloride is from 24.576-35.400 mg/L, mostly meeting the standard. 3) Organic content (COD): Content of COD is 0.68-1.40mg/L, mostly meeting the standard. 4) Content of heavy metal As, Fe: Content of heavy metals in the underground samples: As is 0.0012-0.0018 mg/L, mostly remaining within the permitted limit; Fe is 0.165-0.228 mg/L remaining within the permitted limit. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 68 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 5) Content of Coliform: Content of Coliform permitted is 1-16 MPN/100mL, the NM1 sample does not satisfy the standard. 3) Domestic wastewater quality: Table 2-11: Domestic wastewater sampling location Coordinates No. Symbol Sampling location Longitude Latitude 1 NT1 Wastewater at Thach Nham Tay village, Hoa 108° 8'31.02" 16° 0'1.22" Nhon commune near Dung carpentry base 2 NT2 Wastewater at crossroad DH2 and Au Co road, 108° 5'49.48" 16° 3'35.53" behind Dieu Linh grocery * Results of analysis and evaluation: Table 2-12: Analytical result of domestic wastewater quality Paramet Result QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT No. Unit er NT1 NT2 A1 A2 B1 B2 1 pH - 6.56 6.84 6-8.5 6-8.5 5.5-9 5.5-9 2 TSS mg/L 40.6 38.1 20 30 50 100 3 COD mg/L 26 35 10 15 30 50 5 NO3--N mg/L 0.635 0.284 2 5 10 15 SO42+ 4 mg/L 0.075 0.068 - - - - 6 Cu mg/L 0.0070 0.0075 0.1 0.2 0.5 1 7 Pb mg/L KPH(<0.0055) KPH(<0.0055) 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.05 8 Fe mg/L 0.162 0.112 0.5 1 1.5 2 9 Cd mg/L KPH KPH 0.005 0.005 0.01 0.01 10 Hg mg/L KPH KPH 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 11 Cr VI mg/L KPH KPH 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.05 Colifor 12 MPN/100mL 7500 12.103 2500 5000 7500 10000 m Source: Results of environmental monitoring implemented by the Mid-Central Hydrometerological Center on 14 June 2015 KPH: Not detected. Comments: 1) Values of pH, TSS: The pH value of the wastewater samples is 6.56 - 6.84 meeting the standard. The content of total suspended solids is 38.1 - 40.6 mg/L satisfying the standard under A2-B1 columns. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 69 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 2) Content of nutrients (NO3-N, SO42-): Content of NO3-N is 0.284-0.635 mg/L, satisfying the standard under A1 column. Content of SO42- is 0.068-0.075 mg/L, the standard does not define this parameter. 3) Content of heavy metal Cu, Pb, Fe, Cd, Hg, Cr VI: Content of heavy metals in waste water samples: Cu is 0.001-0.002 mg/L; Fe 0.112- 0.162 mg/L mostly remaining within the permitted limit underA1 column. Contents of Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr VI are not detected at the sampling locations. 4) Content of Coliform: Coliform content for domestic wastewater is 7500-12x103 MPN/100mL, NT1 sample satisfies the standard under B1 column, NT2 sample exceeds B2 column limit by 270 times. 2.1.3.3. Status of soil quality Soil sampling locations are shown in the table below: Table 2-13: Soil sampling location Coordinates No. Symbol Sampling location Longitude Latitude 1 D1 Soil sampling at Thach Nham Tay village, Hoa 108° 8'28.09" 16° 0'1.54" Nhon commune 2 D2 Soil sampling at the crossroad of DH2 and Au 108° 5'52.25" 16° 3'32.06" Co road, parallel to National Highway 1A * Results of analysis and evaluation: Table 2-14: Soil quality analysis result QCVN Result No Para 4:2008/BTNMT Unit . meter Agricultur Residentia D1 D2 al land l land Cd mg/kg of dry 1 0.248 0.275 soil 2 5 2 As mg/kg of dry 0.184 0.167 12 12 soil 3 Hg mg/kg of dry KPH(<0.1) KPH(<0.1) - - soil 5 Fe mg/kg of dry 0.347 0.572 - - soil 4 Pb mg/kg of dry 22.517 19.842 70 120 soil 6 Cu mg/kg of dry 21.248 16.853 50 70 soil Source: Results of environmental monitoring implemented by the Mid-Central Hydrometerological Center on 14 June 2015 Notes: (-): not defined by the standard; KPH: Not detected Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 70 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Comments: Contents of heavy metals Cd, As, Zn, Hg, Vr2, Fe, Pb, Cu in soil samples are detected with low levels, within the permitted limit of standard QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT for agricultural land and residential land. 2.1.3.4. Status of sediment quality Table 2-15: Sediment sampling location No Coordinates Symbol Sampling location . Longitude Latitude 1 TT1 Sediment sampling at Tuy Loan river area in 108° 8'27.91" 16° 0'0.59" Thach Nham Tay village, Hoa Nhon commune Sediment at the stream running by DH2, near the 2 TT2 intersection with Ba Na-Suoi Mo road (Tuy 108° 6'42.86" 16° 1'34.44" Loan river tributary) * Results of analysis and evaluation: Table 2-16: Analytical result of sediment quality Result QCVN 43:2008/BTNMT Salty No. Parameter Unit water, TT1 TT2 Fresh water brackish water Cd mg/kg of dry 1 KPH(<0.2) KPH(<0.2) soil 3.5 4.2 2 As mg/kg of dry 1.375 1.812 17.0 41.6 soil 3 Hg mg/kg of dry KPH(<0.1) KPH(<0.1) 0.5 0.7 soil 5 Fe mg/kg of dry 0.276 0.384 - - soil 4 Pb mg/kg of dry 22.384 19.752 91.3 112 soil 6 Cu mg/kg of dry 21.942 15.792 197 108 soil Source: Results of environmental monitoring implemented by the Mid-Central Hydrometerological Center on 14 June 2015 Notes: (-): not defined by the standard; KPH: Not detected Comments: The contents of heavy metals Cd, As, Hg, Fe, Pb, Cu are detected in the sediment samples with low levels, within the permitted limit of standard QCVN 43:2008/BTNMT for sediment in areas of freshwater, salty water and brackish water. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 71 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 2.1.4. Biological resources Hoa Vang district has abundant forest resources with the existing forest area of 51,297.6 ha. The field surveys implemented by the consulting firm showed that at the project site there is no rare/native species in need of protection. The project location also does not affect the National Park and any nature reserve. The vegetation here is mainly artificial, including 2- crop rice and some fruit trees, ornamental trees which are intercropped and scattered in the residential areas. Also, there are many scrubs, grass scattered in the area. Animals are mostly livestock raised in households. Some wild animals common in this region are the rodents and birds. The road DH2 is about 12.5km away from Ba Na – Nui Chua Nature Reserve as the crow flies to the East and about 19km away from Son Tra Nature Reserve to the Southwest. Ba Na - Nui Chua Nature Reserve has a natural area over 8,830 hectares with 793 plant species, 266 animal species, of which 44 animal species and 6 plant species are listed in the Vietnam Red Book. Son Tra Peninsula Nature Reserve covers an area of over 4,430 hectares and relatively diversified species with 985 plant species, including 22 rare species, 287 animal species, including 15 rare animal species in need of protection. For aquatic organisms: Tuy Loan river flows near the road DH2. Overall, the water quality of this river is still good and used mainly for irrigation of the adjacent fields. The public consultation showed that the river has few aquatic resources with some few species of small fishes and shrimps. There is no aquaculture household in the river. The consulting firm collaborated with the Mid-Central Hydrometeorological Station in sampling aquatic species at the project area for the purpose of preliminary assessment. Specially: Table 2-17: Aquatic sampling location Coordinates No. Symbol Sampling location Longitude Latitude 1 TS1 Aquatic sampling in Tuy Loan, Thach Nham 108° 8'27.46" 16° 0'1.46" Tay village, Hoa Nhon commune 2 TS2 Aquatic sampling at Tuy Loan river, 2500m 108° 7'43.27" 16° 0'13.98" from Giang bridge to the upstream * Results of analysis and evaluation: Table 2-18: Aquatic samples No. Parameter Result Branch Species Fragilaria capucina Chaetocerus sp 1 Phytoplankton Bacillariophyta Closterium costaum Thalassionema frauenfeldii Nitzschia brevirostris Synedra acus Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 72 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Closterium intermedium Endorina elegans Pandorina charkoviensis Eudorina elegans Dictyosphaerium tetrachotomum Monoraphidium caribeum Chlorophyta Hindák Monoraphidium contortum (Thuret) Oocystis naegelii Braun Oocystis solitaria Wittrock Selenastrum gracile Reinsch Selenastrum rinoi Komárek and Comas Lyngbya birgei Cyanobacteria Gomphosphaeria sp. Euglenophyta Phacus sp Acanthodiaptomus pacificus Alonella excisa Metapolycope hartmanni Arthropoda Daphnia pulex Heterocypris repetans Hyperia macrocephala Clione antarctica Clione limacina Paraclione longicaudata Prionoglossa tetrabranchiata Mollusca 2 Zooplankton Acteon candens Chrysallida cancellata Eulimella nitidissima Platydoris angustipes Doliopsis bahamensis Cyclosalpa affinis Chordata Solen sp. Bivalviva Chordata Solecurtus cumingianus. Solen viridis Solecurtus sanctaemarthae Pomacea canaliculata L. Mollusca Corbicula sp. 3 Zoobenthic Pila polita Cirratulus cirratus Annelida Phyllochaetopterus anglicus Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 73 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Glycera abranchiata Aricia cuvieri Eunoe pallida Source: Results of environmental monitoring implemented by the Mid-Central Hydrometerological Center on 14 June 2015 Comments: Through surveys at TS1 and TS2 locations at Tuy Loan river area, 20 species of phytoplankton focusing on 4 major branches, of which the Chlorophyta has the largest number of species (11 species accounting for 55%), followed by Bacillariophyta (6 species - 30%), Cyanobacteriat (2 species - 10%) and Euglenophyta (1 species - 5%). Among them, the Chaetocerus accounts for a relatively large percentage, which shows an encroachment of mangrove in the river system. Zooplankton at Tuy Loan river are discovered with 20 species under 4 major branches including Arthropoda, Mollusca, Chordata and Bivalviva. Similar to phytoplankton, the zooplankton are quite diverse and abundant with the appearance of salty water species in the group. This shows that the water flow greatly affects the composition and distribution of aquatic plants and animals. The zoobenthic compositions are more diverse than that in Han river. The analytical result shows 8 species of 2 branches: Mollusca (3 species- 37.5%) and Annelida (5 species – 62.5%). There are no rare species need to be conserved. 2.2. Socio-economic profile of project communes 2.2.1. Economic development at the project area The road DH2 to be improved and upgraded will pass through two communes of Hoa Nhon and Hoa Son. To determine and evaluate the socio-economic development of communes in the project area, the EIA Consultant carried out a survey to collect data in the people’s committees of two communes and directly discussed information with some local people through the consultations. Data mentioned in this EIA report is mainly based on the field survey in June 2015 and collected materials. According to the survey results, the implementation of the project will directly affect land, trees, crops, housing and structures of two communes. Hoa Nhon commune is located to the north of the administrative center of Hoa Vang district, with a total area of 32.59 km2, total population of 14,838 people and population density of 396 people/km2. The commune has 3 cooperatives for agricultural production, 15 villages including 7 villages along Tuy Loan river bordering Hoa Phu commune, 8 villages along the mountainside bordering Hoa Son commune, 7 village halls recognized as city-level historic vestiges. Hoa Son commune’s location is favorable for trade and services development. The commune has 10 villages with a total area of 24.26 km2 and population of 12,728 people. 1) Living conditions of households affected by the project: Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 74 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP According to the survey results, out of 48 AHs surveyed, 17 AHs (accounting for 35.5%) have main incomes from agriculture (farming, crops and livestock); the number of the affected households (AHs) having incomes from business, trade is 4 (accounting for 8.3%); 19 AHs (39.6%) have main incomes from governmental salaries and a number of AHs with incomes primarily from profession such as employees or workers… The professional structure of the people affected by the project in each commune is detailed in the following table: Table 2-19: Main occupation of households by communes (%) Commune Sector Total Hoa Nhon Hoa Son Quantity 8 9 17 Agriculture Rate 27.5% 47.4% 35.5% Quantity 1 0 1 Aquaculture Rate 3.5% 0% 2.1% Quantity 3 1 4 Trade - Services Rate 10.5% 5.2% 8.3% Quantity 14 5 19 State’s civil servants Rate 48% 26.4% 39.6% Quantity 2 3 5 Workers Rate 7.0% 15.8% 10.4% Quantity 1 1 2 Other Rate 3.5% 5.2% 4.1% Quantity 29 19 48 Total Rate 100% 100% 100% Source: Resettlement survey, May 2015 * Income and poverty rate: According to the survey result, the incomes of affected households focus mainly on the group with incomes of more than 50 million dong/household/year (52.9%). On the household scale of an average of 3.9 persons/household, each person has an average income of approximately 1.2 million dong/month or more, followed by the next group of households with an income of about 30 - 50 million dong/year (38.7%), which ranges from 750,000 to approximately 1.1 million dong/person/month. The group of households with incomes below 30 million dong/household/year equivalent to below 600,000 dong/person/month on the average accounts for the lowest percentage (8.4%). The average incomes of the local people would be about 40 million dong/household/year, and the per capita income would be 1 million dong/person/month. According to the Statistical Yearbook of Danang city in 2013 and 2014, the poverty rate in 2013 of Danang city was 0.85%. However, according to the socio-economic reports of the project communes, the poverty rate in 2013 and 2014 of two communes Hoa Nhon and Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 75 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Hoa Son is shown as below: Table 2-20: Poverty rate of two project communes Poverty rate of the project communes Year Hoa Nhon Hoa Son 2012 14.4% 16.4% 2013 11.6% 13.37% 2014 5.7% 7.9% The self-evaluation results of economic conditions shows that 153/175 households (87.4%) surveyed have self-evaluated their incomes at average level; 18/175 households (10.3%) self-evaluated their incomes at fairly good level and 2.3% of the households rated themselves as poor households. 2) Economic development situation of two project communes a) Hoa Son commune * Agriculture - Forestry - Fishery: Rice production has obtained good results; the rice production area in the winter- spring crop was 155 ha, with the average yield of 60.6 tons/ha and total output of 939.3 tons. Compared with the same period in 2013, the output fell 32.7 tons because the decrease in rice production area by 7 ha for the expansion and construction of Hoang Van Thai road under the phase 4 cemetery project; the rice production area in the summer-autumn crop was 40ha (100% compared to the plan) with the average yield of 55 quintals/ha and the output of 220 tons. Other food crops have grown well and provided high productivity. The total food output converted to paddy has reached 1,383.6/1,498.8 tons (92.3%) compared to the plan assigned by the district. Prevention measures have been intensified and the increase in number of livestock and poultry remained high. The aquaculture area was 5 ha, mainly concentrated in villages An Ngai Tay 2 and An Ngai Tay 3. * Industry - Small industry and Handicraft; Trade - Service The industry, small industry and handicraft tend to develop more. Currently, the commune has 167 plants, factories, enterprises, mechanical processing bases, wood, decorative stone processing workshops which help increase incomes and provide jobs for the people. In addition, the people are encouraged to invest and develop other industries such as mechanical engineering, welding... keeping the average growth rate in the year at 10% Trade - Services trend towards positive changes. Urbanization process has taken place rapidly, roads have been upgraded and expanded; new markets have been built and upgraded leading to expansion and development of sale business, trade and services in the commune to meet the demands of the people. The total number of households with small-medium-large scale businesses in the commune is 892, providing the average growth rate of 10.3% in the year. b) Hoa Nhon commune * Agriculture - Forestry - Fishery Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 76 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP The total value of agricultural, forestry and aquatic production reached 85 billion dong, accounting for 97.7%, increased by 2.3% against the same period. The total sowing area in the whole year is 560.72 ha, decreased by 13.7 ha, gained 100.8% against the plan. The reason for this is that some area is located in the clearance range for the Danang – Quang Ngai highway project, some area inactive in irrigating water switched to other crops. The average rice yield reached 61,535 tons/ha in the year, increased by 5.49 kg/ha against the plan although the commune faced difficulties in irrigation, the production field area was covered by the flood in late 2013 and cold weather prolonged in the winter-spring crop affecting the growth of rice plants, the rice in the ear encountered heavy rains and whirlwinds making some area of mid-time rice variety damaged, the blast disease in rice flowering stage developed rapidly and spread over 35 ha of area in the commune villages. * Small industry and handicraft, trade, services The steady growth continues with the total estimated value of small industry of 130 billion dong (102.6% against the district’s plan). The production and trading services served primarily in the New Year festival, most products were of various agricultural products, food and consumer goods. Results of annual production of all kinds reached the target. The action plan establishment program for business year 2014 and vision to 2020 has been implemented; marketplaces were reinforced and included with activities to facilitate business for the households. 2.2.2. Cultural – social situation 1) Population According to the statistics of 2 project communes, general information about the population is as follows: Table 2-21: Area, population and population density of two communes in the project area Total Total Natural laborers laborers Density Total Total Commune area in out of (persons/Km2) HHs population (Km2) working working age age Hoa Nhon 32.59 396 3,520 14,838 8,972 5,866 Hoa Son 24.26 562 3,272 12,728 7,358 5,200 Total 56.85 481 6,792 27,396 16,330 11,006 According to the social survey result, a total of 48 households living in the project area all the people in the entire project area are the Kinh group, without the presence of any ethnic minority. The household size is 3.9 persons/household, the proportion of male and female is 54.5% and 45.5% respectively. Most households have 3 to 5 persons, accounting for 68.7%, followed by households with 2 persons (18.3%), from 6 to 9 persons (11%). The number of one-person households accounts for 2%. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 77 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 2) Education level Table 2-22: Educational level of the household head by communes Educational level Location Post- Total Primary Secondary High College graduate school school school /University education Number of 2 8 14 4 1 29 Hoa Households Nhon Rate (%) 6.9% 27.6% 48.3% 13.8% 3.4% 100% Number of 2 7 9 1 0 19 Households Hoa Son Rate (%) 10.5% 37% 47.4% 5.3% 0.0% 100% Number of 4 15 23 5 1 48 TOTAL Households Rate (%) 8.3% 31.3% 47.9% 10.4% 2.1% 100% Source: Resettlement survey, May 2015 According to the data collected from the households affected directly (partially or wholly) in the road DH2 (Hoa Nhon - Hoa Son), most affected households have relatively high education level. Educational level of members of the affected households in the project area: secondary school education level accounting for 31.3%, high school education level accounting for 47.9%; college/university education level accounting for 10.4%; post- university level accounting for 2.1% and illiteracy/not attending school accounting for 0%. 3) Health, education, communication and sports a) Hoa Son commune * Education: Schools, classes and teaching equipment continue to be invested for different educational levels. There is a visible change in the quality of education at different levels, the proportion of good students increased, the proportion of average level high school students declined, especially there were no dropouts; In 2014, Hoa Son commune was recognized with 02 national standard schools: Tran Quang Khai Secondary School and Hoa Son Preschool * Health, population and children: Since early this year, there have been 8,579 visitors to the health centers, the expanded immunization, disease prevention, regular food safety examination at markets, food services in the commune and timely environmental sanitation treatment in public areas have been well implemented. In years 2013 – 2014, there were 789 good students (37.71%), an increase of 3.24% compared to the previous year); 680 fair students (32.5%), decreased by 2.42%, 571 average students (27.29%), decreased by 0.95%, 52 weak students (2.48%), increased by 0.13%. In 2014, Hoa Son commune performed good work of family planning and completed the plan assigned by the district. * Policy work and care for people who contributed to the revolution: The social people have always been paid attention to. Since early this year, the labor and social invalids sector has performed good work of gratitude, paying allowances to the people on time, arranging visits to the policy objects, families that contributed to the Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 78 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP revolution,; Lighting candles to pay tribute and laying wreaths and worshiped for the martyrs day 27 of July. * Poverty reduction: The People’s Committee of the commune has issued the 2014 poverty escape plan, so far 302/200 households have been out of the poverty line, reached 151% against the plan assigned by the district. At the end of 2014, Hoa Son commune have 300 poor households. In the past year, the commune has guided 55 especially poor households to prepare dossiers to borrow capital without interest. 02 temporary houses for 02 households in the village ANT1,2 have been replaced with the total budget of 119 million dong funded by the district’s Front and individual families; 2,363 health insurance cards have been provided to poor people, people with serious diseases, ethnic households; 103/231 cards have been purchased by near poor households with the State’s support; the district’s Red Cross provided 05 bulls for very poor households, each bull is worth 10 million dong; electricity bills were supported for poor households. * Culture and information sector and communal radio station: The commune has successfully coordinating with mass organizations to celebrate the Party foundation day February 03; 60th victory of Dien Bien Phu battle; 70 years of establishment of the Vietnam People’s Army and major holidays of the year. In late 2014, the district rated 08 Hoa Son commune villages as cultural villages and 2,901 households won the title of cultural families. b) Hoa Nhon commune a) Education: Ending the school year, the education sector has shown new progress, the quality of education has been improved, the percentage of students completing primary school reached 100%; Admission for secondary school students reached 100%. b) Health: Continue medical examination and treatment work, carry out the plan for establishment of national standard on the commune health for period 2011-2020. During the year, the communal health center was guaranteed to meet medical needs for people with 16,517 visits. Continued the implementation of disease prevention, especially in collaboration with the relevant units to inspect and provide training in safety and hygiene against food poisoning. Carried out dissemination of population and family planning and application of effective contraception measures. Organized meeting with the health sector officials to celebrate the 60th Vietnam’s physicians day 27 of February. c) Population - family planning, voluntary health insurance: 2,206 voluntary health insurance cards have been provided (1,333 new participants and 873 continuous participants). The associations of Red Cross, Charity, Victims of Agent Orange, Study Encouragement and other non-governmental organizations have actively run and supported in implementing multiple humanitarian and community development programs d) Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs and Poverty Reduction: Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 79 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Implemented the policy work and ensure good payment to the beneficiaries of the monthly social policy; handled request records of application for martyrs policy, supported funding for the policy people, people with difficulties, disability and fatal diseases; recognized 03 records of Vietnam heroic mothers; supported in repairing 25 policy houses and building 02 new ones; settled 129 dossiers for policy beneficiaries; provided nursing for 40 people; Arranged survey of martyr’s offspring to provide health insurance cards, memory records of Vietnam’s heroic mothers. e) Culture and information – Sports - Radio Broadcasting - Emulation and Reward: Propaganda activities for “Welcome Party, Welcome Giap Ngo Spring and major celebrations, political and social events”. Cultural and art and exciting sport activities have been organized such as 07 night music performances, contests, Chinese chess tournaments held by the district (won the first prize), the 4th public art contest of the district (group prize runner); coordinated with the Youth to organize the camp “drinking water, remembering its source” on July 27 occasion; organize a folk singing contest with the theme “joining hands to build new rural Hoa Nhon commune” responded by many people; Held rating for cultural titles of 2014. Improved radio stations and broadcasting systems with 20 recorders and 62 loudspeakers in 15 villages. Regularly conducted the dissemination of guidelines and policies of the Party and State’s laws, maintaining programs and sections to provide news and information for the people. 2.2.3. Status of infrastructure in the project area 1) Traffic The road surrounding the Project area have been invested permanently. The roads which are directly linked to the Project include the National highway 14B, provincial road 602, provincial road 604, Hoang Van Thai road, the inter-commune roads 18 and 21. These main roads are service ones to serve transport needs during the construction phase of the Project. * Provincial road 602 (from Au Co road – Ba Na tourism resort), intersecting with DH2 road at Km9+228,07: + Location: The 27.7km road passes through Hoa Son – Hoa Ninh – Hoa Phu communes. The starting point connects with Au Co road toward the Southwest through the economic, administrative and political centers of Hoa Son, Hoa Ninh communes, connects with Ba Na – Nui Chua tourism. + Status: The road is completely invested with scale of main urban road, Bbase = (5+15+5) = 25m + Function: the 602 provincial road serves transport from NH 1A to Ba Na – Nui Chua tourism resort. * Provincial road 604 (from Tuy Loan – Doc Kien): + Location. The 24.7km road passes through Hoa Phong – Hoa Phu communes. The Starting point at Tuy loan intersection toward the West, through the economic, administrative and political centers of Hoa Phu commune, connecting with Prao town – Dong Giang district – Quang Nam province. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 80 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP + Status: Currently, the provincial road 604 has 7.5m roadbase, 5.5m asphalt pavement and now degraded, especially in Doc Kien area where the erosion regularly occurs, causing traffic jams. The on-route works are degraded, which leads to flooding in some sections in rainy season. Currently, the road is being considered to be invested in the section located in Danang city with the scale of urban road, cross section Bbase = 5+15+5 = 25m. + Functions: It is possible to access to Prao town – Dong Giang district – Quang Nam province through the provincial road 604. In addition, the provincial road 604 connects with the National Highway 14B, therefore, it circulates regions in the city and neighboring provinces/cities. * The road DH1 – Hoang Van Thai, intersecting with DH2 road at Km4+987,65: + Location: Length is 6.97km. The starting point at Hoa My intersection with Ton Duc Thang road (NH 1A) toward the Southwest, connecting to Southern Hai Van tunnel – Tuy Loan road and the ending point at Phu Thuong intersection (the road DH2 – Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son) in Hoa Son commune. + Status: Currently, the road is being invested with road base scale of 25m, road pavement of 15m and edge of 2x5.0m. + Function: the road DH1 mainly serves local residents, exploits tourism and ensure security and national defense. Beside, there are inter-commune roads intersecting with the road DH2. 2) Water use and domestic waste collection and treatment at the project area - According to the survey and consultation with local authorities and households in two project communes – Hoa Nhon, Hoa Son, domestic solid waste of residents is collected daily by the URENCO of the city. - About 85% of households in two communes are using domestic water supply sources. The other households are using water from bored wells. - According to the survey, most of households living along two sides of the existing road DH2 have septic tanks. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 81 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 82 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 3.1. Analysis and comparison between the “WITH PROJECT” Alternative and “WITHOUT PROJECT” Alternative Comparison between the “WITH PROJECT” and “WITHOUT PROJECT” alternatives is evaluated in the Table 3.1 below: Table 3-1: Evaluation of the “WITH PROJECT” and “WITHOUT PROJECT” alternatives Environmental WITHOUT the road DH2 (Hoa WITH the road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – issues Nhon – Hoa Son) Hoa Son) Socio- Conflicts between social and Resolving conflicts between social economic infrastructure development may be development and infrastructure development raised in near future development Transport infrastructure of Danang is The road DH2 will bring positive relatively synchronous and impacts, contributing to solving developed. However, to meet outstanding issues related to capacity development objectives set forth, the of transport infrastructure in the West transport infrastructure of the city of the city, contributing to the does not meet development needs in orientation and promoting the near future, since: finishing of plans. - Road density in suburban districts In addition, similar to other urban such as Hoa Vang is sparse. Many roads, the road DH2 will also bring areas are under the planning with direct benefits to the area where the main roads as local roads to be built road passes through, including urban spontaneously, therefore, it is justification, improved infrastructure, impossible to create a synchronous socio-economic and environmental traffic network to serve needs of conditions of the region. transporting goods and passengers. Hoa Vang district is a suburban district - Main traffic axes are distributed of Danang city, therefore, the road will relatively remotely with main vertical contribute to promoting the axes as roads managed by the Central development of the district through Government, including National gradual conversion from agricultural Highway 1A, National highway 14B, land into urban commercial land. Danang bypass (Nam Hai Van – Tuy Besides, Hoa Vang district has eco- Loan road). Roads managed by the tourism potentials with enormous local authorities are few, including mountains. provincial road 602, Hoang Van Thai road, etc. which have been invested relatively completed whereas other road such as Provincial road 604 (also known as National highway 14G) is now degraded. The connection among main traffic axes is sparse and does not promote capacity of the roads for the development of the regions. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 83 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Environmental WITHOUT the road DH2 (Hoa WITH the road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – issues Nhon – Hoa Son) Hoa Son) Currently, Danang has planned to expand the urban areas toward the East and West of the city. However, due to inconvenient traffic network, immigrants and residents here are still sparse. Air, noise and Air quality in the urban area is Reduced air pollution, noise and vibration degraded and noise and vibration vibration for urban areas pollution increase. When the road DH2 is completed, it Some ring roads are now polluted air, will directly reduce flow of vehicles noise and vibration. In future, air on the ring roads in urban areas, quality of urban areas will be affected reduce exhaust gas raised in urban due to increasing demands of areas where there are many sources of transport. exhaust emission from human beings, production and services. Flood Impact The DH2 road without renovation, With the renovation and upgrading of Assessment upgrading and the alignment DH2 road by improving the route and adjustment in two sections which are adjustment of alignment in two often flooded in the rainy season sections which are often flooded, causing traffic jams, traffic flooding will be minimized difficulties. The main points of flood considerably. In the long term, there are near Tuy Loan river from Km0 + will be positive impacts on 00 to Km2+ 158.39 km2. In addition, transportation, economic development the current state of the drainage and regional links. This ensures target system of roads has deteriorated, to reduce traffic pressure for current contributing to local flooding at many Hai Van - Tuy Loan avoiding road. points on the route. Infrastructure The population is crowded The project will bring several benefits concentrated in some areas will cause to urban areas but negative impacts to traffic jam points. Drainage system rural areas where the road passes can be defective due to infringement through. Elevations of two proposed of the right of way. The drainage routes are higher than the existing system will not meet needs and cause routes. If the survey and designing of local flooding at above points. drainage culverts are not thoroughly and exactly implemented, risks of flooding and shortage of water for irrigating for the rural areas are high. Simultaneously, the environmental quality, especially air and noise will be changed due to increasing flow of Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 84 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Environmental WITHOUT the road DH2 (Hoa WITH the road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – issues Nhon – Hoa Son) Hoa Son) vehicles. * Evaluation of economic efficiency: Improvement and upgrading of the road DH2, including investment in synchronous construction of infrastructure will promote socio-economic development of the region, eliminate gaps between rural and urban residents, furnish the regional and city’s traffic network. When the road DH2 is invested, it will contribute to agricultural production, diversification of products, improvement of commodity transportation and improvement of income for local people through reducing costs of production, marketing, poverty reduction and improvement of living conditions for regional people. * Evaluation of socio efficiency: Beside direct economic benefits, the project will bring great social and environmental benefits to local people, serve accessibility of regional people to the economic and political centers, industrial parks and schools, which contributes to new rural construction. The road DH2 will contribute to reducing flow of vehicles on urban roads and other link roads (Truong Chinh, Ton Duc Thang roads), which contributes to reducing risks of traffic accidents in locality and reducing flow of vehicles on supporting roads. 3.2. Comparison of Alternatives of the road DH2 - Alternative 1: The DH2 road is renovated and upgraded with expansion road surface from 7.5 m to 10.5 m and the width of sidewalk 5m on each side. Alignment complies with the planning alignment (follows the current road). Do not change the alignment in two sections: section 1 Km0+212 - Km+924 and section 2 from Km1+514 - Km2+355. - Alternative 2: The DH2 road is renovated and upgraded with expansion road surface from 7.5m to 10.5m and the width of sidewalk 5m on each side. The alignment change at 2 sections: section Km0+212 – Km0+924 and section 2 Km1+514 – Km2+355 as mentioned above: Alternative 2 Evaluation criteria Alternative 1 (Selected alternative) Technical standards Guaranteed Guaranteed Suitable with the planning Suitable Suitable Impacts on resident: + No. of AHs: 613 HHs + No.of Ahs: 666 Ahs ( + Affected households more than alternative 1: 53 hh) Acquired land on the whole route Total: 183.168 m2; in Total : 191.223 m2, in which: which: Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 85 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Alternative 2 Evaluation criteria Alternative 1 (Selected alternative) +Residential land: +Residential land: 44.518 m2 50.977m2; +Garden land: + Garden land: 29.721m2 31.317m2 ; +Agricultural land: +Agricultural land: 1.510 m2 1.510m2; +Public land: 107.419 +Public land: m2 107.419m2 Acquired land is more than that of alternative 1, but area difference is negligible + Site clerance cost: (3.48 US$ mil.) (3.92 US$ mil.) + Benefit level after completing the + relatively good + Good for adjustment road: because the road still position, which will exists many narrow make route more direct bends and households located in alignment will connect with more favorable route ... Average construction Average construction Progress period : 24 months period : 24 months Good, meet the Restrict ( section requirement of Improve flood Km0+00-Km2+158 is drainage, flood flooded causing prevention seperation Total investment (VND) 480,457,603,000 524,718,145,000 * Environmental issues: Environmental impacts of the alternatives are assessed on the basis of the status map of the project, general layout drawings and field survey. The areas subject to potential impacts are listed in the table below: Potential Alternative 2 Comparison of two environmental Alternative 1 ( Selected alternative) alternatives impacts 1. using land: Land use at 2 roads Agricultural area, Agricultural area, a part of of alignment graves, a part of hill land, graves, a part of Alternative 1 and 2 have fences of sensitive fences of sensitive works impacts on use of sensitive work. land, agricultural land. Acquired area is more due to not using up current DH2 road at 2 new alignment roads. The route across Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 86 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Potential Alternative 2 Comparison of two environmental Alternative 1 ( Selected alternative) alternatives impacts through hills has many households living. - Total recovered land area increase compared with alternative 1 : 8.055m2, include: + Residential land: 6459 m2 +Agricultural land: 1596 m2 Topography/ Flat, low-lying Natural elevation is higher There is no significant geography/elevation land than Alternative 1 difference in potential impacts on landscape. Alternative 2 has more advantages in flood control than Alternative 1. Thus, it’s possible to mitigate polluted environment due to flood. Erosion River bank River bank erosion should Erosion level of two erosion should be be noted. Road erosion due alternatives is similar. noted. Road to flooding is not likely to erosion due to happen. flooding is not likely to happen. Affected trees/crops Paddy, cultivation Paddy, cultivation area There is no significant area difference in determined impacts. No. of AHs at road 9 AHs 53AHs hưởng Alternative 2 has more alignment numbers of affected households due to change of alignment at 2 sections. The section across through hill has many households, thus the number of affected household is more than those of alternative 1. 2. Waters: Water quality There is no significant difference in determined potential impacts. Hydrology/flooding The area is prone Flooding level is lower due Flooding possibility is to flooding, near to higher natural elevation. similar between 2 Tuy Loan river, alternatives. However, high water level level of impact of rise on rainy days. Alternative 1 is more serious. Alternative 2 mitigates flood due to aligning adjustment at 2 sections which are often flooded in the rainy season. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 87 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Potential Alternative 2 Comparison of two environmental Alternative 1 ( Selected alternative) alternatives impacts 3. Air: Air quality Not evaluate Not evaluate There is no significant differences in impact possibility Sensitive areas may Some sensitive Some sensitive works near The impacts in 2 be affected by works near roads roads affected by dust alternatives are similar. dust/exhaust gas/ affected by dust pollution, noise during the noise pollution, noise construction phase during the construction phase Other required structures: Electric posts, Due to expanding Due to expanding and The impacts of 2 drainage, irrigation and improving the improving the road surface, alternatives are similar. and local road will road surface, the the drainage system of roads However, for alternative 2, be affected. drainage system of will be affected. The relocation of electric poles roads will be electric poles, transformers and construction drainage affected. The substation , will be system will be more electric poles, relocated convenient due to 2 transformers sections of alignment are substation , will be newly built. relocated Building material Excavated soil can Excavated soil can be used There is no significant access be used up to for up for ground leveling. And difference in determined ground leveling. use the fill soil from the impacts. Both alternatives And use the fill mines near the work will similar requirements soil from the alignment. and sources. mines near the work alignment. Vision Height of road in both alternatives will be similar. There is no significant difference in potential impacts. Construction course Requirements for retaining wall, backfilling materials, disposal of excavated materials and slope protection of two alternatives are similar. There is no significant difference in determined impacts. * Selection of alternatives: To minimize flood impacts and improve living conditions of the residential areas where the road passes through, and on the basis of evaluation criteria, advantages and disadvantages mentioned above, alternative 2 is selected. - Alternative 2 is selected as investment option. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 88 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP - Adjust the height of Hoa Nhon commune administrative center so that the planned height ensures annual flood frequency. Option 1 costs for less compensation and resettlement leading to less social impact but effectiveness of flood prevention is not as high as option 2, thus option 2 is selected to ensure sustainable over flood lasting in the future.. On the basis of above assessments, it is possible to preliminarily conclude that the alternative of alignment according to the option 2 of the road DH2 will cause fewer negative environmental impacts. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 89 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP CHAPTER 4: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 90 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 4.1 Environmental Impact Assessment of Options This section summarizes the potential impacts of the project, basing on the characteristics of the project and the collected environmental database, using the experience in implementing similar projects in our country and the foreign ones and in accordance with the procedures and report forms on environmental impact assessment processes of Vietnam government and the environmental safeguard policies of the World Bank In general, the operational phases of the project cause different impacts on the environment. The sources of environmental impact on the project are identified in 3 phases: + Phase I - Preparation for construction: Making reports on project investment, design, compensation and site clearance, bomb clearance and so forth. + Phase II - Construction: Leveling, construction of work items, technical work and installation of equipment and so forth. + Phase III - Putting the project into operation. Environmental impacts are presented as follows: 4.1.1. Negative impacts of the project The implementation of the road DH2 project will contribute: - The road DH2 to be improved and upgraded will gradually furnish the ring road surrounding Danang city and create premise of transportation infrastructure for comprehensive socio-economic development in Hoa Vang district and Danang city, attract a significant portion of vehicles travelling on the Hai Van - Tuy Loan bypass, to help ease the traffic pressure on this route and improve safety for transport vehicles in the region. On the other hand, renovation and upgrading the roads will improve significantly frequent flooded situation happening in the rainy season. - The road DH2 located in the West of Danang city is one of main traffic roads serving needs of travelling of residents in Hoa Vang district. Therefore, the road helps to connect the Northern region to the district Administrative Center and Southern and Southwest regions of Hoa Vang district. - Attract a large number of laborers; create jobs for local communities living around the project area (trading, masonry, masons, etc.) during the construction and operation of the project. More apartments/houses will be built and densely populated. However, beside the above-mentioned positive impacts, negative environmental impacts arised from the project are inevitable. These impacts may affect the environmental elements and components, change the landscape, public health and natural resources around the project area. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and evaluate scientifically and objectively potential impacts as a basis for developing mitigation measures of negative impacts in an effective way. 4.1.2. Generic negative impacts of the project This EIA report is made using impact matrixes for screening the effects separately by category (physical, biological, social, etc.) and each type of project. These impacts will be determined the specified extent as follows Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 91 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Table 4-1: Classification of impacts Sign Level of impact Interpretation N No impact Negative impact Impact at a low level, on a local scale, temporary effects and L at a low level self-recovery capabilities Impact at a low level in sensitive areas; Impact at the medium Negative impact level with moderate impacts which can be reversed, mitigated M at a medium level and managed, and take place on a local scale in the interim period of time. Impact at a medium level in sensitive areas; Impact at the Negative impact high level with significant impacts on the society and/or the H at a high level environment, in which some can be reversed and require compensation/reimbursement Create positive changes for the environment and human B Positive impact (living conditions, mental, etc.). Table 4-2: Preliminary Impact Matrix Environmentally sensitive elements Ecolog Physics Sociology y Historical, cultural and Quality of sludge, soil Terrestrial Ecology underground water Quality of surface Geomorphology / Natural resources Aquatic Ecology Water / flooding Project’s activities religious relics entertainment Natural flows Traffic safety Public health Tourism and Aquaculture Economics Air quality Landscape Quality of Vibration Land use drainage Terrain Noise water Site clearance L L L M L L N L L L H N L M M L M L L L Exploitation of materials L L N M M L N L L L L N L B N N M N M N Transport of materials N N N M N M L N N N N N L L N M N N L L Warehouse and yard of L L L L N N N N L L L N L L N L L L N N materials Use / maintenance of L N L M N M L N N N N N L L N L N N L L equipment / machinery Traffic jam N N N M N L L N N N N N N L N N L N N L Set up tents (if any), L N N L N N N N N N L N L N N N L L N N concentration of workers Earthwork and pavement for roadbed and road M L L M M M L L L L H L L M M L L L L L pavement Earthworks and building L L L L L L L L N L L N L L M L L N L L culverts Disposal of sludge and M L M M L N N L L N H N L L M L M L N L dredged soil (if any) Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 92 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Environmentally sensitive elements Ecolog Physics Sociology y Historical, cultural and Quality of sludge, soil Terrestrial Ecology underground water Quality of surface Geomorphology / Natural resources Aquatic Ecology Water / flooding Project’s activities religious relics entertainment Natural flows Traffic safety Public health Tourism and Aquaculture Economics Air quality Landscape Quality of Vibration Land use drainage Terrain Noise Building bridge M water L L L L L L L N L L N N L L L N N L L Operation of road N N N M M L L L N N L N B B M M B B L L Maintenance of road L N N L N L N N N N N N N L N L N N N L 4.1.3. Assessment of impacts during the project preparation phase 1) Impacts of the land acquisition for the project In May and June 2015, the resettlement consultant team carried out the socio- economic survey and survey for land/assets affected by the project in Hoa Nhon and Hoa Son communes, Hoa Vang district, Danang city. Regarding the land acquisition from affected households living in the project area, a total of 664 households and 02 organizations (ward/commune People’s Committees) will be affected. Figures of each category of land are shown in the table below: Table 4-3: Summary of Scope of impacts Items Unit Scope of impacts 1. Affected Households (AHs): HH 666 Household members People 3,037 Of which + Affected Residential Land HH 411 + Affected Agricultural land HH 253 + Affected other land (managed by the Ward HH 2 People’s Committee) + Affected houses HH 276 2. Affected Areas M2 191,223 Of which: + Residential Land m2 50,977 + Agricultural Land m2 31,317 + CPC Land (temporarily assigned) m2 1,510 + Other Land (public land) 107,419 + Affected Housing Area m2 17,052 3. Physical Relocated households HH 109 Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 93 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Items Unit Scope of impacts 4. Households whose agricultural land is HH 18 affected 20% or more of their total landholding (10% or more for vulnerable households). 5. Affected business households HH 15 (Source: Resettlement Plan Report) Entities mentioned in the table above will be compensated for affected land and offered with assistances according to the Resettlement Policy Framework accepted by the Government and WB and approved by Danang City People’s Committee under the Decision No. 398/QD-UBND dated 14 January 2013. Affected and relocated households will be provided and compensated in compliance with Resettlement Plan. a) Impacts of the land acquisition: A survey including DMS has been carried out for affected people to determine losses of land and fixed assets such as structures, trees, livelihood and community resource access caused by the land acquisition for implementing the project. The project is estimated to acquire land/assets for construction of the road DH2 from Hoa Nhon to Hoa Son (Hoa Nhon and Hoa Son communes, Hoa Vang district). Level of impacts on land is summarized in the table below: Table 4-4: Summary of impacts on land IMPACTS OF LAND ACQUISITION Agri. Land Commun Resid land tempora No. Works Public e ential (used by rily Total land land local assigned people) Affected households A (HHs) The road DH2 from Hoa Hoa Nhon 1 411 249 4 2 666 Nhon to Hoa Son Hoa Son Partly acquisition of 302 302 residential land Wholly acquisition of 109 109 residential land - Below 20% of agri. 231 4 235 land - 20% or more 18 18 - Public land 2 2 Total A B Affected area (m2) The road DH2 from Hoa Hoa Nhon 1 191,223 Nhon to Hoa Son Hoa Son Acquisition of 50,977 50,977 Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 94 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP IMPACTS OF LAND ACQUISITION Agri. Land Commun Resid land tempora No. Works Public e ential (used by rily Total land land local assigned people) residential land - Partly affected 2,965 2,965 - Wholly affected 48,012 48,012 Affected agri. land 31,317 1,510 107,419 140,246 - Below 20% of Agri. 26,006 1,510 107,419 134,935 land - 20% or more 5,311 5,311 Sub-total B 50,977 31,317 1,510 107,419 191,223 (Source: Resettlement Plan Report) b) Acquisition of residential land and housing: In the design stage, optimal design alternatives have been selected to avoid and minimize the land acquisition for households. Households owning affected structures will be fully compensated in accordance with current regulations of the GoV and Danang city. Regarding the proposed work item, it is estimated that a total of 666 entities in Hoa Nhon and Hoa Son communes (of which 664 households and 02 organizations – People’s Committees of Hoa Nhon and Hoa Son communes) will be impacted with land and fixed assets. Level of impacts on residential land is shown in the table below: Table 4-5: Summary of impacts on residential land No. of AHs Project Affected No. Works commune Partly Wholly Total area (m2) Hoa Nhon The road DH2 from Hoa Nhon to 1 - 302 109 411 50.977 Hoa Son Hoa Son (Source: Resettlement Plan Report) The table above showed that a total of 411 households are impacted with residential land with an area of 50,977m2, of which 302 households are affected partly and 109 other households have to relocate for construction of the road DH2 from Hoa Nhon to Hoa Son. According to the survey, houses in the project area are mostly level 4, temporary, semi-permanent ones because the project area has been planned for a long time. Level of impacts on housing is summarized as follow: Table 4-6 : Summary of impacts on housing No. of Ahs (HHs) Affected No. Works Commune area Partly Wholly Total (m2) Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 95 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP No. of Ahs (HHs) Affected No. Works Commune area Partly Wholly Total (m2) The road DH2 from Hoa Nhon Hoa Nhon 1 167 109 276 17,052 to Hoa Son Hoa Son (Source: Resettlement Plan Report) c) Affected works/structures: Summary of works/structures affected by the project is shown in the table below: Table 4-7 : Summary of affected works/structures Affected structures No. Works Commune Gate Water Grave Kitchen Toilet Wall Yard pier tank (pcs) (m2) (m2) (md) (m2) (cái) (m3) The road DH2 from Hoa Nhon 1 420 180 3,720 4.470 109 22 53 Hoa Nhon to Hoa Son Hoa Son (Source: Resettlement Plan Report) d) Impacts on trees and crops: The site clearance includes clearance and cutting down of trees and crops in two sides for construction and expanding the road DH2. According to the survey, the Project will have minor impacts on trees, crops and agricultural land since the project site is mainly located along the road where residential areas are living. There are only some affected trees including fruit trees and timber trees. However, volume of impacts is minor. According to the results of inventory, there will be 594 fruit trees, 906 shade trees, 152 ornamental trees and about 32,827 m2 of crops (paddy) to be affected by the project. Below is summary of impacts on trees and crops: Table 4-8: Summary of impacts on trees and crops Impacts on trees and crops No Orname Works Commune Fruit Shade Crop . ntal tree (tree) tree (tree) (m2) (tree) The road DH2 from Hoa Nhon Hoa Nhon 1 594 906 152 32,827 to Hoa Son Hoa Son (Source: Resettlement Plan Report) e) Impacts on income and business: Through the survey at the project areas, it is estimated there will be 15 business households in Hoa Nhon and Hoa Son communes to be affected by the project. (Some Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 96 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP households with frontage houses are trading at home, concentrating in markets in Hoa Nhon commune at intersection with provincial road 602 in Hoa Son commune). f) Impacts on graves and other cultural works: For the road DH2 from Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son, the project will affect about 53 tombs in the cemetery. The consultant team conducted consultation meetings with owners of these tombs and local authorities. The consultation results show that they support the project and willing to relocate tombs if they receive adequate allowances. g) Temporary Impacts: Despite of measures to minimize resettlement impacts, the project would, during the construction, have temporary impacts, or temporarily limited access to shops, houses and other structures along road sides. There would be also small impacts on fencing wall, fences and other fixed assets during the construction stage. These will be identified and compensated/supported, following the RP which is being prepared. The construction works are estimated to affect some public works such as electric posts, underground works of the concerned units. Following the RPF, all affected public works will be repaired, rebuilt and restored. 2) Impact by bomb clearance Bombs, mines and explosives left after the wars shall be carefully cleared in service of the site clearance to build the road and ensure the safety of the works. The area to be cleared bombs and mines is the entire scope of improvement and upgrading of the road located in 2 communes of Hoa Nhon and Hoa Son. This work will be carried out by specialized units of the Army. The process of bomb and mine clearance is usually dangerous to humans and animals accessing the areas in progress of clearance. Therefore, the project owner and the responsible unit shall use protective barriers and warning signs to minimize the possible risks and dangers to people and livestock. 3) Impacts from the site clearance As mentioned above, houses of households in the project area are mostly the level-4, temporary, semi-permanent one. Impacts on trees and crops are minor. Therefore, the compensation, site clearance is considered as convenient when implementing the project. The land acquisition will affect the living conditions and income of the affected people. However, these households will be compensated and offered with adequate assistances in accordance with the current policies of the GoV and the WB. Total expense for implementing the Resettlement Plan of the road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son) under the Danang Sustainable City Development Project (Da Nang SCDP) is estimated at VND 88,360,000,000 (Eighty eight billion, ninety million dong), equivalent to $ 4.0974 million. This funding included costs of compensation and assistance for land, assets and structures affected by the project, subsidence assistance, monitoring, evaluation and administration (together with cost for grievance redressing) and contingency. Funding for implementing is taken from the counterpart fund of Danang for the project. Despite impacts on production, housing and graves of the people in the project area, Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 97 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP the Project will change appearance of the locality, infrastructure, development services, thereby increasing income for households from trading and services, then improving living conditions of the local people. On the other hand, during the site clearance, some graves (53 graves) will be relocated according to the spiritual customs of locality. For sensitive work, site clearance affects only a partial of Phu Thuong cathedral’s fence, other sensitive works which are far from the road, not be affected. Consultant unit accompanies with the representatives of project owner implemented consultation the cathedral and got the support from Phu Thuong cathedral for the project. In addition, the site clearance works include clearance and cutting down of trees and crops in line with the project. To limit impacts from the site clearance, the Client and the Construction Contractors should allow affected people to reuse types of timber trees and use up the rest (branch and leaves, etc.) for firewood. In general assessment, level of impacts from the site clearance is minor. The compensation will be strictly implemented for compensating affected households for losses. 4.1.4. Impact assessment during the construction phase The following specific activities are included in the phase of road construction: - To concentrate workers and construction facilities and equipment. - To construct auxiliary items in service of construction such as temporary access, tents for workers (if any), warehouses and yards for construction materials, power sources and water sources for serving the construction … - To remove layers of surface soil (mixed with organic substances) in two sides of road for expanding the road and transport to the disposal area; To transport soil/sand/gravel from surrounding mines for construction and leveling the road base. - To construct road pavement, culverts and bridges... - Relocate electric poles, medium transmission line to a new position, causing temporary interruption for using utility and daily life of residents. These above activities are reasons and sources of impacting the natural and social environment in the project area. 4.1.4.1. Sources of Waste-Related Impacts During the construction, sources of pollution are shown in the table bellowed: Table 4-9: Sources of Impacts and Pollutants Generated Composition of the No. Sources of pollution waste contaminants - Removal of the sediment muddy layers and the layers of surface - Exhaust gases SOx, COx, Dust and (organic) soil. NOx, VOC, CnHm,… are 1 exhaust - Operations of the transport means of generated gases soil, sand for aggrandizement. - Dust. - Transport and handling of materials Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 98 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Generated Composition of the No. Sources of pollution waste contaminants for construction. - Operation of construction machines: Grader, roller, compactor, etc. - Wastewater containing biodegradable organic Domestic wastewater of the staff and 2 substances, suspended construction workers. solids, pathogenic Wastewater microorganisms - Containing suspended 3 Overflow stormwater. solids (soil, sand, etc.) Water for washing of construction - Containing soil, sand, oil 4 machines, vehicles and tools... and grease…. - Waste soil, sludge, building materials (soil, sand, gravel, cement, etc.) are residual and scattered. - Hazardous waste: grease adhesive cloth, viscid oil Generated from the construction: Road box, and residual asphalt. base excavation and building road Due to not large dimension 5 pavement, spreading asphalt and of bridge, the design Solid waste construction of bridges, culverts. consultant designed bridge with small precast abutments; therefore, betonite solution will not be used. Brick, rock, porcelain, earth, wood panels... Living activities of the staff and - Food scraps, papers, 6 construction workers plastic bags, etc. 4.1.4.2. Source of waste-irrelevant impacts During the construction, in addition to the above-mentioned source of waste-relevant impacts, there are also unexpected impacts as follows: - Noise generating from the operation of vehicles in circulation and construction machinery; - High vibration due to construction of the works; - Impacts on socio-economic lives of people around the project area due to the mechanical increase of population; - Increased risks of traffic accidents due to transport of construction materials; - Increased risks of occupational accidents due to fire, explosion or short circuit due to the negligence of workers during the construction of the works. - Increased risks of local flooding in the project area, especially in the construction site Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 99 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP since during the incomplete construction of longitudinal and horizontal drainage systems, the upgrading and expanding of road will change existing drainage status of the project area. 4.1.4.3. Objects and scope of impacts Table 4-10: Objects and Scope of Impacts during the Construction Phase No. Affected subjects Scope and time of impact I. Impact on the natural environment - Impact radius of approximate 200-300m from the centre of the works. 1 Air environment - Temporary and interrupted impacts and time of impact only in the construction period. - Impact radius of approximate 50-100m from the centre of the works. 2 Noise - Temporary and interrupted impacts and time of impact only in the construction period. - Possible impact on the quality of surface and underground water around the project area, especially in the days of heavy rain, flood surges 3 Water environment causing flooding and water-logging. - Temporary and interrupted impacts and time of impact only in the construction period. - Impact on the nature and structure of the soil due 4 Soil environment to construction and living activities of the workers. - Impact on the local landscape due to waste generated during the construction without timely 5 Landscape collection. - Temporary and interrupted impacts and time of impact only in the construction period. II. Impact on health and life of local community - Impact on health and life of the construction Workers at the workers. 6 construction site - Temporary and interrupted impacts and time of impact only in the construction period. People living around the - Impact on the health of the local people living project area and the around the roads for transport of construction 7 people in circulation materials. through the project area - Temporary and interrupted impacts and time of impact only in the construction period. 4.1.4.4. Assessment of the effects of environmental impacts 1) Impacts on air environment a) Dust pollution: The major polluting agent during the site clearance and construction is dust. Dust generated from removal of soil and muddy layers, transport of leveling materials and Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 100 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP construction materials and so forth will pollute the local environment in the project area, buildings, households surrounding and along the transport road. During the transport, due to wind and vibration, dust from soil and sand in the car and on the road will be whirled by wind, generating dust. Generated dust is much or little, depending on the quality of the road conditions, methods of handling and gathering materials. Dust concentration will increase in the sunny days, scope of dispersal can range up to 200m if you are experiencing the days of strong winds. *) Degree of dust dispersion from excavation, ground leveling: Level of dust generation during the process of leveling depends on volume of excavation, embankment and aggrandizement. Volume of diffused dust is calculated basing on pollution coefficient and volume of excavation and leveling. According to the instruction documents of the World Bank regarding environmental impact assessment (Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume II, Sectorial Guidelines, Environment, World Bank, Washington D.C 8/1991), the pollution coefficient E is calculated by the following formula 1,4  u    E  k  0,0016   2,2  (1) 1,3 M     2  In which: E - Pollution coefficient (kg/ton). k - Grain structure with average value of 0,35. u - Average wind speed in the project area. M – Average humidity of materials. With the conditions of average grain structure, average wind speed, humidity of leveling materials and so forth, we can calculate the pollution coefficient E = 70.00299 (kg/ton). According to the basic design of the project, the excavation, backfilling and leveling works mainly take place at the construction site of the road. The volume of excavated and backfilling soil is shown in Tables 1.8. Calculation results are as follows: Table 4-11: Dust generated from excavation and ground leveling Total volume of No. Name of work items backfilling and Qdust (kg/day) Qdust (g/s) excavating soil (m3) 1 Road base 533,060.38 49.333 570,898.22 2 Bus stop 1,890.00 0.163 1,887.53 Vertical drainage 2,510.33 3 2,513.61 0.217 system (Note: Specific gravity of soil is 1.3 ton/m3) To calculate the dust dispersion concentration generated by ground excavation, backfill and leveling in the project area, the Consultant unit has used Pasquill model by improved by Gifford as follows: Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 101 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP (2) C x ,0,0 : Ground concentration of gases or dust  20 g , at distance x (m) far from the source below the downwind ( g / m3 ) .  y ,0 : ¼ Dispersion width of the section source or line source by axis coinciding with wind direction (m). Q: The dispersion amount of gases or dust < 20m from source (g/s).  y : Cross dispersion coefficient showing dust dispersion amount in horizontal downwind at distance x towards the wind end and at the given atmospheric stability (m).  z : Vertical dispersion coefficient showing dust dispersion amount vertically at distance x towards the wind end and at the given atmospheric stability (m). u: Wind speed (m/s). In which: u0 - The wind speed at the meteorological monitoring station. h0 - The altitude of the meteorological station and h is the height at the calculation point. The solar radiation in this area is strong, thus the atmospheric stability is selected as A (very unstable). By then,  y,  z is identified for the open area (rural area) using the formula:  y = 0.22*x (1+0.0001*x)-0,5 and  z = 0.20*x Based on the dust amount generated from the ground excavation, backfill and leveling for project work items (Table 3.12), the concentration of dust every 1h at earthwork locations is identified as follows: Table 4-12: Dust emission concentration in air due to excavation and leveling work Dust emission concentration due to QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT X (m) excavation and construction of road base (µg/m3) (µg/m3) 1.0 96,596.1 2.0 92,263.5 2.5 86,626.8 5.0 43,250.8 7.0 23,879.3 10.0 11,963.9 15.0 5,337.1 20.0 2,997.9 30.0 1,326.4 300 40.0 742.6 50.0 473.0 60.0 326.9 70.0 239.1 80.0 182.2 90.0 143.3 100.0 115.5 110.0 95.0 Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 102 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Dust emission concentration due to QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT X (m) excavation and construction of road base (µg/m3) (µg/m3) 120.0 79.5 125.0 73.1 130.0 67.4 135.0 62.4 140.0 57.9 145.0 53.9 150.0 50.2 160.0 43.9 170.0 38.8 180.0 34.4 190.0 30.8 200.0 27.7 The result of dust dispersion concentration shows that concentration of dust every 1h at earthwork locations has exceed the standard QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT (limit: 0,3mg/m3) within the radius of 63m from the center of earthwork locations of the road base and the wind height of about 5m. However, the dust dispersion concentration decreases very fast by the distance to the source. At distances greater than 63m from the earthwork locations, the concentration of dust generated by earthworks will satisfy the standard QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT. In general, the concentration of dust generated from the earthworks can affect the air. However, as construction works are often carried out in different stages and not concentrated in one place but scattered on the project site, the actual concentration level will be lower than theoretical calculation. Dust is highly concentrated in the construction area and the objects directly affected are the workers at the site and residents living near the ground leveling locations. The dust is only generated during construction and will disappear upon the construction is completed. Air pollution caused by dust will reduce upon the application of preventive measures such as spraying water onto the road; thus, the dust pollution caused by transport activities on road is rated at average level. In addition, during the construction, the Investor will require the construction contractors adopt appropriate measures to minimize dust generation. b) Pollution caused by dust and exhaust gas generation from vehicles: According to the basic design of the project, volume of organic sludge dredging was 18,583.87 m3. This unpolluted sludge volume should be generally be dried and reused. In case this volume is not used up, it will be transported to the stockpiles which have been planned for the project. Meanwhile, the insufficient volume of soil to be transported from land mines (Hoa Nhon soil mine, etc.) to the project site is estimated at 250,531.09 m3 = 325,690.417 tons (specific gravity of soil is 1.3 ton/m3). The soil mine is 8km far from the project area and the transport road is asphalt one. The average working time of one vehicle is 8 hours/day with average distance of 48km/day (3 trips/day x 2 times x 8km/time). Therefore, the counts of vehicles transporting backfilling soil is 325,690.417/(10x2) = 16.285 counts (average load of vehicle is 10 ton/vehicle). Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 103 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Conventionally, every 2 non-load vehicles are equal to one on-load vehicle. Therefore, total counts of vehicles for transporting leveling soil is 16,285 + (16,285 / 2) = 24,428 counts of vehicle. Depending on the road quality and methods for carrying, loading, unloading soil and gathering materials, the pollution level is generated more or less. The concentration of dust will increase on sunny days and dry windy days. The calculation of dust load during transport is as below: (3) In which: L : Dust load (kg/km/turn/year); K : Grain size (0,2); s : Amount of soil on the road (8,9%); S : Average speed of vehicle (50 km/h); W : Laden weight of vehicle (10 tons); w : Number of wheels (6 wheels); P : Number of working days/year, P = 288 days. Result of calculated dust load generated from transport vehicles of leveling soil is 21.942 kg/day on average. However, dust pollution will reduce because the quality of traffic road around the transport area is quite good and the construction unit and the project owner will take anti-pollution measures such as watering for roads, cleaning for premises, humidifying for raw materials and so forth. On the other hand, in order to assess the levels of dust and exhaust gas pollution due to the transport vehicles and using of fuel during the construction process, the consultant uses a table of pollution coefficients of diesel-driven vehicles according to the Handbook of Emission, Non-Industrial and Industrial source, the Netherlands shown in Table 3.14 below Table 4-13: Pollution coefficients of diesel-driven vehicles Components Dust SO2 NOx CO VOC For the vehicles weighing less than 3.5 tons: Pollution coefficient 0.020 0.116*S 0.07 0.1 0.015 (kg/1.000km) For the vehicles weighing from 3,5 to 16 tons: Pollution coefficient 0.90 4.29*S 11.80 6.00 2.60 (kg/1.000km) Source: Handbook of Emission, Non-Industrial and Industrial source, Netherlands Note: * S means content of sulphur in diesel from 0.5 – 1.0%. On the basis of category and quantity of vehicles with average operating hours of 8h/day, average transport distance of 48km/day (3 trips/day x 2 times x 8km/time), the Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 104 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP calculation results of dust and exhaust gas by each kind of vehicles are shown in the table below: Table 4-14: Emissions of diesel-driven transport vehicles Components Dust SO2 NOx CO VOC For the vehicles weighing less than 3.5 tons: Load of emissions (g/day.vehicle) 0.8 0,023 2.8 4 0.6 Load of emissions (µg/s.vehicle) 27.8 0.8 97.2 138.9 20.8 For the vehicles weighing from 3.5 to 16 tons: Load of emissions (g/day.vehicle) 36 0.86 472 240 104 Load of emissions (µg/s.vehicle) 1,250.0 29.8 16,388.9 8,333.3 3,611.1 Emissions of dust and exhaust gas generated from means of transport 1.868,7 31,28 14.239 8.792,4 3.905,2 (g/day) Dust and noise caused by transport vehicles affect the communities living along the road. Increase in the density of vehicles traveling on the road can result in traffic accidents, traffic jam and degradation of road quality. Dust together with NO2, SO2, CO, THC and VOC emissions from transport vehicles will pollute the surrounding air, increase greenhouse effect, affecting air quality, which will impact on the environment, human being and creature. However, in reality, transport vehicles circulate on different roads, depending on locations of work items and in different moments but not concentrate in a certain area. Process of exhaust emissions occur on the running path of vehicles and the project area has an average wind speed of 2,3 m/s, therefore, the exhaust emissions will easily spread far and do not cause serious impacts. The project owner shall require the construction contractors to take effective measures to minimize pollution of exhaust emissions from transport vehicles as specified in Chapter 4. For excavator, grader and bulldozers, etc., because there are a few devices and it is not concentrated in a certain area, it can be realized that the amount of waste emissions from burn fuel oil of these machinery is small. The above-mentioned sources of pollution are temporary, intermittent, dispersed and depending on the intensity and duration of construction, number of motorized vehicles, and flow of people. Therefore, the impact on the environment is not great. At the same time, during the implementation process, the Employer requires the construction units to implement mitigation measures to limit pollution. c) Noise pollution caused by operation of transport vehicles and construction machinery: During the construction phase, in addition to the above-mentioned impact on the air environment, noise is also an element of physical nature and affects the regional air environment. It mainly generates from the construction machinery, heavy trucks, generators and so forth. Noise generating from the construction process is generally discontinuous, depending on the type of operation and the machinery and equipment used. To calculate the radius of influence of the noise, the Consultant uses the Mackerminze formula, 1985 to calculate noise levels: Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 105 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Lp(X) = Lp(X0) + 20lg(X0/X) In which: Lp(X0): Noise level being 1m far from the source (dBA) X0 : 1m Lp(X) : Noise level at the location to be calculated (dBA) X : Position to be calculated Table 4-15: Calculated results and predicted noise levels of the project area Noise level being Noise levels corresponding to its 1m far from the No. Type of machine distance source Approximate Average 5m 10m 20m 50m 100m 200m 1 Trucks 82- 94 88 74.0 68.0 62.0 54.0 48 42 2 Traveling cranes 76- 87 81.5 67.5 61.5 55.5 47.5 41.5 35.5 3 Generators 72- 82.5 77.2 63.2 57.2 51.2 43.2 37.2 31.2 4 Air compressors 75- 87 81 67.0 61.0 55.0 47.0 41.0 35.0 Vietnamese code 26:2010/BTNMT: Noise in public and residential areas: 55 - 70dBA (6 - 21h) High-intensity noise will affect human health such as insomnia, fatigue, psychological discomfort. It also reduces labor productivity of workers on the site, making them difficult in mental focus, easily resulting in occupational accidents. The calculation results above showed that noise level gradually decreases per distance to the source point. On the other hand, when vehicles operate, the acoustic resonance will happen with real acoustic strength 3-5% higher than values in the above table. Thus, at a distance more than 50m from noise source, noise level passes limits regulated by QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT, impact level is considered as minor and staff and workers are subject to these impacts during the construction. 2) Impacts on water environment During the construction phase, the sources of wastewater are mainly domestic sewage of workers, water pumped from the pit of the works, water used to wash construction machines & equipment and stormwater runoff through the surface of the project area. a) Pollution caused by domestic sewage of workers Domestic sewage of workers at the construction site is a major cause of affecting water quality of the surrounding area. It many impurities, easily decomposable organic substances, nutrients and malignant bacterium, possibly resulting in contamination of surface water and ground water if not being treated promptly. Based on the amount of pollutants in the report on current situation of urban wastewater - Institute of Environment Science and Technology - Hanoi University of Technology in 2006, the amount of pollutants daily released into the environment by each person is given in the following table: Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 106 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Table 4-16: Amount of pollutants daily released by each person No. Pollutant Amount (g/person/day) 1 BOD5 45 - 54 2 Suspended solid 70 - 145 3 Animal fats and vegetable oil 10 - 30 NO3- (calculated according to 4 6 - 12 Nitrogen) PO43- (calculated according to 5 0,8 - 4,0 phosphor) 6 Coliform 106- 109 MPN/100ml Source: Report on current situation of urban waste water - Institute of Environment Science and Technology - Hanoi University of Technology in 2006 Total number of workers involved in the construction of the project works ranges between 100 and 120 people. However, these work items are often not constructed continuously and in the same time so in the peak time, there are approximate 100 workers in one day. With the water usage of 100 liters/person/day (According to Construction Standard 33-2006), the amount of generated wastewater equal to 85% of the water supply (85 liters/person/day), total amount of domestic wastewater generated daily at the site is approximate 5.1 m3/day. Load and concentration of pollutants in domestic wastewater in the project construction area is calculated based on the amount of pollutants, the number of workers, wastewater flow, the results of which are shown in the table below Table 4-17: Concentrations of contaminants in domestic wastewater Load of Concentration of Vietnamese code contaminants contaminants in waste 14: 2008/BTNMT No. Contaminant (kg/day) water before (column B) treatment (mg/l) 1 BOD 2.7 - 3.24 529 - 635 50 2 TSS 4.2 - 8.7 824 – 1,706 100 Animal and vegetable 0.6 - 1.8 3 118 - 353 20 oil and grease NO3- (according to 0.36 - 0.72 4 71 - 141 50 nitrogen) PO43- (according to 0.048 - 0.24 5 10 - 47 10 phosphorous) 6 Coliform 60x106 - 60x109 MPN/100ml 5,000 MPN/100ml It is shown in the calculated results in the above-mentioned table that pre-treatment domestic wastewater has much higher concentration of contaminants than the rating in the Vietnamese code 14: 2008 / BTNMT (column B). If no daily collection and treatment system is constructed and installed, the huge amount of contaminants is discharged into the environment. This is a significant source of pollution, directly impacting on the living environment of the workers and the people living around the project area, causing epidemics and causing direct effects on the environment of underground and surface water, relevant to Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 107 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP which the project owner will take the appropriate remedial measures specified in Chapter 4. The construction workers mostly hire houses in the residential area near the project area, therefore, they share toilets with landlords. Therefore, volume of wastewater generated at the construction site is much lower than calculation. These toilets will be equipped with sanitary equipment to minimize impacts on the regional water environment. b) Pollution caused by construction sewage: During the construction, wastewater is generated from washing of materials, equipment, machinery, concrete curing, washing of wheels and so forth. This type of waste water is characterized by highly contained suspended solids and organic substances. Its composition is listed the following table: Table 4-18: Concentration of contaminants in construction wastewater Construction waste Vietnamese code No. Indicator Unit water 40:2011/BTNMT 1 pH - 6.99 5.5 - 9 2 SS mg/l 663.0 100 3 COD mg/l 640.9 100 4 BOD5 mg/l 429.26 50 + 5 NH4 mg/l 9.6 10 6 Total N mg/l 49.27 30 7 Total P mg/l 4.25 6 8 Fe mg/l 0.72 5 9 Zn mg/l 0.004 3 10 Pb mg/l 0.055 0.5 11 As  mg/l 0.305 100 Oil and mg/l 0.02 5 12 grease 13 Coliform MPN/100ml 53 x 104 5,000 Source: Centre for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas (CEETIA), Hanoi University of Civil Engineering (HUCE) It can be shown in the results of the table above that some quality indices regarding the construction sewage of the project ranges in the permissible limits of the Vietnamese code 40:2011/BTNMT – National technical regulation of industrial waste and the indices of the larger suspended solids, COD, BOD5 and Coliform are 6,6 times, 8 times, 8.6 times and 106 times higher than the permissible limits respectively. Although the amount of water is not much, it will still pollute sources of surface and underground water as well as workers’ health if not being collected, treated but discharged directly into the environment c) Pollution caused by run-off stormwater: Quality of run-off stormwater depends on purity of atmosphere and washable substances in the layout of the project area. Run-off stormwater volume depends on weather Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 108 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP conditions of the region. When it rains, stormwater run-off through the project area will entrain soil, sand and waste into surrounding roads, ponds and lakes. In the area of construction works, the quality of overflow waste stormwater sources only depends on the surface of the construction site because the current state of the air environment’s quality of the project area is quite good, possibly making sources of stormwater polluted in the area. Contaminants in overflow stormwater in the construction phase mainly consist of suspended substances, the oil and grease of which are swept away by stormwater. In particular, during this phase, the surface of construction plan is unfinished, easily resulting in washout and erosion of surfaces. In order to limit contamination of overflow stormwater, the construction units need thorough collection of scattered materials and waste oil and grease of vehicles and machinery in the construction process. As a result, stormwater will not wash away many contaminants into the surrounding water sources, therefore, the impact is insignificant. d) Water pollution caused by sludge dredging: Dredging of sludge will be implemented mainly at the construction sites through the agricultural cultivation area, soft-soil area and axle, etc. According to calculation data of design consultant, total volume of organic sludge to be dredged is about 18,583.87m 3. Whereas, analytical results showed that sludge/sediment here is not polluted, therefore, the Client and Construction Contractor can dry sludge and reuse for leveling the layout. Sludge dredging will increase turbidity and dispersal of contaminants, causing impairment of water quality in canals and rivers. Dredging levels of a construction segment (depth of 2 - 2,5 m, length of 20m), volume of dug-up soil of approximate 0,2m3 will be likely to generate alum, resulting in aluming and invasion, polluting rivers, canals and ditches. Concentrations of contaminants increase insignificantly in the distance of more than 100 meters far from the dredging location, therefore, the impact is considered small. However, during the dredging, following concerned should be paid attention: + Not dredge beyond the scope pre-described in design; + Not implement any activities other than dredging; + Ensure hygiene for the surrounding area, not litter waste disorderly; + Minimize volume of scattered sludge to avoid complaints from residents and pollution to the receiving source. 3) Impacts on land environment During the construction phase, the excavation, embankment, leveling, and construction of technical items of the project will alter the natural flow regime, easily resulting in soil erosion in cases of heavy rains. Wastewater mixed with oil and grease (not much) together with stormwater running into the surrounding areas will reduce the quality of soil in the area, especially agricultural land in low-lying areas. Especially, in the construction process, because there has not been a complete drainage system in the project area yet, local flooding will happened and the influence on the quality of the soil environment increase. At the same time, the earthmoving, land compaction…. will change the physio-mechanical properties of the soil. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 109 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 4) Impacts of solid wastes a) Domestic solid waste: During the construction, domestic solid wastes generating from the workers’ activities mainly are nylon bags, waste paper, food packs and so forth. Table 4-19: Components and general density of domestic solid wastes No. Components Weight ratio (%) Volume (kg) 1 Paper, packing, rice box… 30 3.6 - 4.8 2 Putrescible matter (animals and 25 3.0 - 4.0 plants) 3 Glass 12 1.4 - 1.9 4 Plastics 10 1.2 - 1.6 5 Metals 6 0.7 - 1.0 6 Fiber pulps 2 0.2 - 0.3 7 Other inorganic substances 15 1.8 - 2.4 Source: Center for Urban Environmental Engineering and Industrial Area – University of Construction of Hanoi It is estimated that each worker working in the project area generates approximate 1 kg of domestic waste per day. At the peak time of construction, the project area is estimated to have approximate 60 workers in each day. Therefore, total amount of waste generated from daily activities is estimated to be 60 kg/day, which will impact on surface water, ground water, causing unpleasant stench in the project area due to the decomposition and sweeping- away of stormwater, if not being effectively managed and collected. The difficultly decomposable inorganic wastes like bottles, nylon bags and other items existing in the water will cause unaesthetic, affecting water quality and reduce the possibility of diffusion of oxygen into the water, which impacts aquatic life. b) Construction solid wastes: Solid wastes generating during the construction are mainly: cement bags, grout spillage, rubble, scrap steels and so forth. The volume of generated solid wastes is dependent on many factors as the construction and project management regime, the supply of building materials, etc., therefore, it is difficult to estimate accurately load of waste sources. It can be controlled by collection for recycling or sales of scraps. However, basing on the experience in construction of some similar works, the employer commit that the waste sources cause no major impact on the regional environment and the mitigation measures taken for this waste sources can radically reduce pollution levels as well as the volume of waste sources generating into the surrounding environment. In addition, amount of soil creating from the excavation of foundation pit is also significant. It can be used for embankment, backfilling around the foundation pit and landfilling of the foundation pit in the future. c) Hazardous solid wastes: - Maintenance of facilities, vehicles, and machinery in service of construction can also generate residue oil, oil bottles and containers and oil rags and forth if it is done rightly on the construction site but not collected and treated, which will affect the landscape and pollute the Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 110 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP surface water and ground water in the project area. However, the Employer will take measures to collect and treat it according to the regulations on hazardous wastes to minimize negative impacts on the local environment. According to the general statistics from several similar projects, volume of solid waste is generated irregularly with volume of 10-12 kg per month. This volume of waste will be transported and disposed by the functional unit which signs contract with the Client and Construction Unit. - On the other hand, another hazardous waste source during the construction of road is residual asphalt during the spreading asphalt.. + Asphalt is a liquid or semi-solid with highly viscosity and black color. Asphalt is a petrochemical product, it may danger or cause adverse impact on the environment and human health if it is not properly stored and used according to technical processes. In particular, if the compact asphalt is regularly stored at high temperature, it can cause the risks of fire, explosion or burning during the transport and using. Essential component of asphalt is bitumen. Therefore, it is required to collect and store residual asphalt in dedicated tanks of hazardous waste. The Client and Contractor need to hire an agency for transporting and treatment in accordance with regulations on hazardous waste management to prevent risks of environmental pollution. The construction unit should not let asphalt scattered into soil and water source in two sides of road to avoid pollution. 5) Socio-economic Impacts a) Disturbance to local community: During the construction in the project area, the gathering of construction machinery and 100-120 labors at the construction site will cause certain disturbance to the area, in particular: - Demand for regional goods such as food and utensils will increases. - The relationships between the workers at the construction site and the local people will arise. Possibility of conflict between the workers and the local people will be higher if the workers are those who come from other regions do not understand the customs of the local people. - During the construction, the concentration of a large number of workers will increase the risk of social evils (gambling, theft, drug addiction, prostitution, etc.) and order and security situation will become more complex and difficult to control, making it difficult for the local police. - In addition, the concentration of workers in the construction area will also contribute to appear and spread outbreaks of waterborne diseases (cholera, dysentery, typhoid, diarrhea) or through intermediate vectors (fever malaria, dengue, etc.) as well as social diseases (gonorrhea, syphilis, HIV, etc.), affecting the health of the local communities. This effect will be likely to occur if no management and control measures are taken. - On the other hand, the construction and improvement of the road can affect production activities of 25 households in the stone dressing traditional villages in two communes of Hoa Nhon and Hoa Son due to impacts on transportation of stone to traditional village and finished products to consumption place. After the road is completed, it will facilitate production and trading acitivities. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 111 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP b) Impacts on health and safety of workers and local people: - Increased circulation of transport vehicles of construction materials and heavy machinery will affect the safety of the drivers and the road users on the transport roads. - Generation of dust and noise from the vehicles in circulation can seriously affect human health directly or indirectly through food. Pollution-based pathogen can spread immediately or accumulate for a period of time and then appear. - In addition, during the leveling and construction, the fires of temporary electrical systems, explosion of fuel depots and so forth as well as the channel dredging, excavation and embankment of roadbeds can cause landslides and subsidence of adjacent buildings, effects on the underground water level. Besides, the Employer and the contractors will work closely with the local governments in the project area and the relevant agencies to promptly solve the arisen problems in accordance with the state regulations the people’s aspirations. The construction units will set up temporary or hire the local people’s houses for their workers to sleep, stay and rest in the far distance from the construction site, therefore, dust, exhaust gases, noise, soil and rock of excavation and leveling, etc. will have no impact on the health of construction workers in their leisure time. The effects mainly occur when the workers are present on the construction site. However, the construction workers are arranged to work in shifts in the construction site with appropriate works and issued suitable protective cloths, equipment so the impact levels of waste such as dust, emissions, noise can be reduced are controlled. Sewage and garbage of the construction workers can be pathogenic sources for them if not being collected and treated appropriately. On the other hand, soils and rock excavated and backfilled during the construction can cause accidents (slip, trip and fall, etc.) for the construction workers if being not removed to the appropriate locations. 6) Impacts on culture work and religious During the operation phase,close lo cation of culture work, religious to the road, so impacts on pollution such as: dust, noise, solid waste and local traffic congestion are unavoidable. However, these impacts are temporary and it is possible to mitigate impacts through proposed measures in chapter 5. The impact on site clearance due to relocating 53 graves and affecting fences of Phu Thuong cathedral mentioned in the pre-construction phase. 7) Other impacts a) Local flooding at the project area in heavy rains due to construction of road. During the construction phase, In this phase, the systems of horizontal and longitudinal culverts are not completed, the local flooding in residential complex and low cultivating fields near the road may occur. In addition, some cultural and education sites of Hoa Nhon, such as Hoa Nhon Primary School No.1, Hoa Nhon commune medical station, Hoa Nhon market, Hoa Nhon Primary School No. 2 and Victims of Agent Orange Care Center; Phu Ha village hall, Phu Ha temple, Hoa Son Primary School No. 1, Loc Quang Pagoda, Phu Xuan Temple, Phu Thuong church and Hoa Son commune martyrs cemetary and the residential areas of villages of Phu Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 112 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Thuong, Phu Ha, Xuan Phu and Tung Son in Hoa Son commune and villages of Phuoc Hung, Phuoc Thai, Thach Nham Tay, Thai Lai and Phu Lai in Hoa Nhon commune, Hoa Vang district, Danang city also are at risk of being affected in case of heavy rains. This issue is short-term and mitigated through the construction methods implemented by contractor, such as building of drainage ditches and temporary culverts for drainage purposes. In addition, in case of prolonged heavy rains, it can cause flooding and overflow through the route. This will cause dangers to human and properties as well as auxiliary works on road, simultaneously affect water quality due to water’s washout of pollutants and residues. To minimize risk of flooding, the design consulting firm should design roadbase reinforcement at appropriate elevation and build several longitudinal and horizontal sewers for timely drainage in case of heavy rains. On the other hand, it is required to place signs and direct residents to travel on other road in case of heavy rains b) Risks and incidents during the construction phase During the construction of road and auxiliary works, some potential risks and incidents include labor accidents, traffic accidents, fire, explosion and falling down due to subsidence. Such cases may affect health and life of workers and local people living nearby the construction location. c) Landslide impact of constructing road on hills Section Km1+514 – Km2+355 the DH2 road will cut through a low hill slope (an average height of 12,8m) with the length of 829,554m. The height of the road increases gradually from 8,5 to 17,3, then reduces 9,4. Through Geological Survey of design consultants, road ground crossing this hill is pretty sure which is suitable for the construction of the road. Subsidence and landslides as well as the construction of pavement layers have occurred but not considerably during the construction process and it may be reduced. 4.1.5. Impact assessment during the project operation phase 4.1.5.1. Pollution sources, objects and duration of impacts During the operation of the project, the pollution sources, objects and duration of impacts are specified as follows: Table 4-20: Pollution sources, objects and impact duration of the project Activities of Causes of Environmental Affected Impact the project Impacts impacts objects duration - Emissions and noise of motor - Air Environmental vehicles running environment. pollution due to on roads. - Health of Road traffic emissions, noise, Long-lasting - Waste residents. vibration... discharged by - Lost aesthetic drivers or of road passengers on road Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 113 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Activities of Causes of Environmental Affected Impact the project Impacts impacts objects duration Roadbase elevation is higher than the people’s house floor, making it difficult for local Roadbase people to travel Raising elevation is and causing local Health and Long- elevation of higher than the flooding in case safety of the lasting roadbase surrounding of heavy rains. local people. area. Low-land positions are prone to be locally flooded in case of heavy rains. - Increasing - Humans Risks due to pollution, grease, and improper turbidity and properties maintenance solid waste - Public Environmental operations. - Harm the lives health. Temporary incidents - Risks of traffic of workers and - accidents the local people Environment, air, water and soil. 4.1.5.2. Assessment of effects of environmental impacts 1) Impact of dust and traffic emissions: When the project goes into operation, it will increase the traffic of vehicles running along the bridges and roads. This will be a source of pollution due to emissions. During the operation, these vehicles which are mainly fueled with gasoline and diesel will discharge into the atmosphere a relatively large amount of exhaust fumes containing pollutants such as NO2, CO; CO2, and so on. The concentration of these gases depends on the density and types of vehicles running through the project area. 2) Impact of noise and vibration: Noise and vibration are mainly caused by means of transportation. Different vehicles will generate different noise levels. For example, a small passenger car has a noise level of 77 dBA, truck - coach: 84- 95 dBA, motorcycles: 94 dBA... The noise levels of motor vehicles are shown in the table below: Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 114 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Table 4-21: Noise level of motor vehicles Noise standard in residential areas Noise Intensity Vietnamese code QCVN 26: Vehicle type 2010/BTNMT (dBA) Daytime (dBA) Nighttime (dBA) Passenger car 77 Mini bus 84 Sports car 91 Truck 93 70 55 4-stroke 94 motorcycle 2-stroke 80-100 motorcycle Source: Pham Ngoc Dang, Air Environment, Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi 1997 The data in the table above shows that most of the traffic activities generate greater noise than the permitted standards in residential areas. Therefore, it is necessary to take appropriate control measures. 3) Risk of traffic accidents As the work items are put into operation, they will increase the traffic of vehicles running through the road and bridges. On the other hand, during the process of repair and maintenance of the works, many vehicles and machines are concentrated. That will pose a risk of traffic accidents for drivers and traffic participants. This is unavoidable, so the propaganda should be promoted for traffic participants to strictly abide by the Law on Road Traffic Safety to reduce possible unfortunate incidents. 4) Socio-economic impacts - The project will create jobs for many workers of different professions in the area as the works goes into operation, it will create favorable conditions for the development of trade, exchange of goods and services between the communes in the project area and the neighboring communes in Danang city as well as the surrounding areas. In addition, many restaurants and auxiliary works... will be risen up along the new roads. - The project will contribute to improving the technical infrastructure of the city synchronously; Landscaping good environment, contributing to improving the quality of life, cultural and spiritual life of the people; As well as motivating the development of the city, contributing to improving the urban interface, promoting the urban and regional development. In summary, the comparison between benefits and damages can see that the benefits provided by the project are very practical and meaningful. The above negative impacts can be controlled and solved. 4.1.6. Effects of climate change to the project area Vietnam is one of the five countries which are most heavily affected by climate change and sea level rise. While Danang city is a coastal city, located in the central region of Vietnam, often suffers damages due to extreme weather phenomena. Climate change is Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 115 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP mainly caused by the increase of the average air temperature, causing an increase in the intensity and frequency of natural disasters (thunderstorms, tornadoes, heavy rain...). Prolonged deep inundation or drought, together with landslides, saline intrusion, besides the effects of climate change, involves the responsibility of humans. Therefore, stabilizing lives and livelihoods for the community and develop and invest in the infrastructure to mitigate the negative impacts and adapt to climate change is an urgent task for Danang city at the present and in the future. The effects of climate change in Vietnam in general and Danang city in particular are very clear. In the past 50 years, the average temperature has rise, on average 0.5°C/year, rainfall tends to increase. Under the scenario of medium discharge, in middle of the 21st century, the majority of Vietnam land, including Danang city has an annual average temperature increase of 1.2 - 1.6°C. Meanwhile, the popular increase of the annual rainfall is 1-4% by the mid-century. In terms of sea level, in 2020, the sea level of the area will rise by 7-9cm, in 2050 it will rise by 20- 27cm and at the end of the century, the sea level will rise by 49-77cm. These changes alter the morphology of weather patterns and exacerbate the types of natural disasters and increase the intensity and frequency of unusual natural disasters. The impacts of climate change are as follows:  Increasing the average temperature and the number of hot days during the dry season;  Increasing the rainfall at the end of rainy season, changing rainfall distribution;  Increasing the number of days with unusually heavy rainfall (> 100 mm);  Sea level rise leading to flooding, saltwater intrusion;  Rising tide.... In reality, the infrastructure, residential and urban centers... in the project area, especially near the rivers and canals are very susceptible due to the impacts of climate change and environmental pollution. The poor are often in danger because they live in uncertain places and did not have enough conditions for post-disaster repairs. Moreover, the access to adaptive technology and institutional support is still limited, making them more vulnerable. To mitigate the negative impacts of climate change and sea level rise on Danang city, the investment in the construction of urban infrastructure (improvement and construction of roads, bridges, dikes, water supply and drainage systems, etc.) plays an essential role in helping Danang city adapt to climate change, meeting the needs of urbanization and sustainable socio-economic development. For the project, the impact of rain, high tide and sea level rise will greatly impact on the construction and operation of the project. The main impacts of climate change on the operations of the project are as follows: 1) For the construction phase: - The number of rainy days with unusual precipitation increases, affecting the construction, water drainage capacity and causing partial flooding due to the temporary failure of the water drainage system. - High tide and heavy rain will cause flooding in the construction areas and material storage. Flooding water will cause unsanitary condition for the construction site, especially for the work items in alleys and sewers. - Partial flooding in the construction work items of the project causes not only materialistic damages (building materials), but also impacts on the environment and the area landscape and the daily life of the people in the project area… Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 116 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 2) For the operation period: Superstructure of Da Nang city is higher than the average sea level; however, according to A1FI climate change scene, flood level remains high (scenario of high level of fuel exhaust). Flooded area due to sea rise in 2020, 2050, 2070 and 2100 will be 2.4, 3.2, 4.2 and 5.8 km2 relatively (counting for 0.3 -0.6 total city area). Flooded areas locate in Hai Chau, Son Tra and Ngu Hanh Son districts. Currents of flooded area are strongly affected by tide of Da Nang Bay. Although DH2 road is not significantly affected by sea rise and climate change, it (Hoa Nhon - Hoa Son sections) is built based on calculation of appropriate code design which is higher than flood level in the A1FI climate change scene. Average code of DH2 road varies from 2.5 – 30 m (higher than sea level). The existing road has 2 sections (a section from Km0+212 – Km0+924 and a section from Km1+514 – Km2+355) locating in lowland which is regularly flooded. Therefore, DH2 road design is adjusted to minimize flood: + Section from Km0+212 – Km0+924: left turn from existing section, crossing agricultural land area. + Section from Km1+514 – Km2+355: right turn from existing section, the new section crosses a hill. By survey, no rare creatures living in the hill. According to the new plan, DH2 road helps to settle the flooding situation 4.2. Commendation on level of detail and reliability of the assessment 4.2.1. Methods applied in EIA Depending on the nature of each research methodology, application conditions and qualifications of the implementer will show the results in different levels. In this study, the research team has constructed a 3-level table of assessment. Summarized results of assessment are presented in the following table: Table 4-22: Assessment of reliability of the methods applied in EIA Applicable Capacity of Total Method Nature Reliability condition implementer cores Survey, sampling 2 2 2 6 High Sampling and 1 2 1 4 Very high analysis of air quality Sampling and analysis of water and 1 2 2 5 High soil quality Socio-economic 2 2 1 5 High investigation Impact matrix 3 2 1 6 High Grid diagram 3 1 1 5 High Rapid assessment 3 3 1 7 Pass Conjecture 3 1 1 5 High With each factor assessed using the 3-point scale: Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 117 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP - Nature of method: It is a quantitative, semi-quantitative and qualitative method, corresponding to the extents of 1, 2, 3. - Applicable conditions: Satisfactory, high and very high, corresponding to the extents of 1, 2, 3. - Qualifications of the implementer: Having been trained and certified in accordance with his/her specialty and very experienced in performing the similar studies - level 1; lack one of the two factors - level 2; lack the two factors - level 3. Total points are divided into 3 levels of reliability: very high in 3-4 points; high reliability in 5-6 points and satisfactory in 7-9 points. 1. Field survey and analysis of the current state of environmental quality. It is a highly visual method, reflecting current situation and the results mainly depend on the implementer’s experience. 2. Sampling and analysis of air quality in accordance the Vietnamese standards (Dust: TCVN 5067-1995; SO2: TCVN 5971-1995; NO2: TCVN 6137 -1995; Noise: TCVN: 5964-1995). It is a proven and standardized method. Its results, however, contain random errors. 3. Sampling and analysis of water quality in accordance with the standard procedures of Vietnam. It is a proven and standardized method. Its results, however, contain random errors. 4. Socio-economic survey through collection of data in the People’s Committees of Wards Results of the method are highly dialogic, helping understanding of the past and exploration of the future. It is also subjective and much dependent on the experience of the implementer. 4.2.2. Assessment of applied methods and reliability of the assessments Tools and methods used to assess the environmental impact of this project is currently popular to assess fully, accurately, objectively and scientifically the probable impacts in each stage and for each subject. The accuracy and reliability of this method is very highly.  Establishment of impact matrices The correlation between the effects of each activity of the project and each environmental problem/environment component is shown on impact matrices, basing on which, the contents of detailed impact research are oriented. The methodologies are commonly used to orient and determine insufficient data, simultaneously, allow making detailed plan on implementation. Results and effectiveness mainly depend on the whole research team’s experience.  Grid diagram Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 118 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP It is a diagram of combined impacts and consequences in a certain interaction between the effected activities and environmental components, including the secondary and tertiary effects. It is shown in the method the effects with depth (time) and the simple interactions. Research methodology is used to orient and determine the impacts’ trend. It is very advantages in assessing the long-term consequences. It brings about qualitative results. Its results and effectiveness mainly depend on the experience of the research team.  Rapid assessment The methods of rapid assessment were issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1993. It is based on the nature of materials, technologies, and regularities of natural processes and experience to determine pollution levels. It produces limited results in cases of limited figures, data relevant to professions. In this study, much data on the load of pollutants (exhaust gases, solid waste sewage, etc.) are estimated basing on assumed power and technological characteristics. In the actual operation of the hospital, this is the most changeable data so it can be said that it is difficult to have 100% accurate quantitative data.  Conjecture The rationale and experience will be based to infer the possible impacts thence consider the project’s impacts on the quality of the environment and ecosystems in the region. It is a subjective method. Its results mainly depend on the awareness and qualifications of the researchers. In addition to the above methods, in order to have data for realistic controls, we also refer to the data of environmental observation at the projects of the same scale and conditions. To obtain accurate data during operation of the project, the Employer shall perform environmental monitoring program, basing on which, he will adjust and supplement the appropriate solutions to control pollution and limit the undesirable environmental impacts 4.2.3. Level of detail of assessments Environmental impact assessment is performed in compliance with the following sequence: - To determine and quantify sources of impacts basing on each activity/phase of the project causing impacts. - To determine the spacious and time scale of the affected subjects. - To assess impacts on the basis of the scale of impact sources, the spacious and time scale and the sensitivity of the affected subjects. The assessments of the project’s impacts are quite detailed and specific. And on the basis of the assessments, feasible measures to mitigate adverse impacts, prevent and response to environmental incidents are put forward to the project. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 119 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP CHAPTER 5: MITIGATION MEASURES OF NEGATIVE IMPACTS, PREVENTION AND RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS AND INCIDENDS Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 120 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP To minimize environmental and social impacts, the project will access to following groups: - Avoidance: Alternative analysis has been regarded as one of the most important mitigation measures to minimize potential adverse environmental and social impacts. Minimizing land acquisition and resettlement to the extent possible has also been a key criterion for alignment selection during the feasibility and EIA studies - Sound Engineering for design and construction: The project has been designed and will be implemented with state-of-the art engineering - Comprehensive Mitigation plans: The detailed environmental mitigation plan, Compensation and resettlement plan. These measures will be integrated into the Construction Contractor’s technical criteria of environment supervised by the environmental monitoring team as a part of the process of construction technical monitoring 5.1. General principles - These mitigation measures may vary and depend on the project location, construction methods as well as the capacity of the participating parties. The mitigation measures including management” and “technical” plan will be taken by the stakeholders. Basically, the negative impacts can be minimized by: + The reasonable construction method that focuses on minimizing the environmental impacts. This type of construction works should be coordinated with the engineering designs of the entire project. A certain amount of the budget is required to pay for this. + Implementation of mitigation plans at the construction site. This plan should be prepared by the stakeholders and completed before the construction commencement. Identification and - Change of engineering design. Design assessment of - Supplement of the construction stage potential projects to minimize potential environmental impacts impacts - Development of feasible mitigation measures during the construction and operation. Site Impacts arisen from clearance site clearance and and construction - Taking mitigation measures of construction environmental impacts * Design stagestage Management Impacts from and operation and - Taking mitigation measures of operation maintenance environmental impacts stage Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 121 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 5.2. Mitigation Measures of Environmental and Social Impacts Mitigation measures of negative impacts during the project phases are divided into 2 basic parts: (1) Typical mitigation measures – ECOPs - for all construction activities of the project and (2) site-specific impacts mitigation measures for the road and bridge project. (1) ECOPs: Environmental codes of practices for urban construction (ECOPs) outline typical impacts at low possibility in a range of construction activities of the urban development project. ECOPs also include mitigation measures for such impacts and a procedure to incorporate mitigation measures in construction contracts of the Contractor. During the detailed design of technical alternatives for each contract, the technical design consultant will incorporate specific parts of ECOPs in the contract and site-specific impact mitiagtion measures identified in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP). (2) Site-specific impacts mitigation measures for each project location not mentioned in generic ECOPs or these impacts at a level in need of other mitigation measures beyond ECOPs will be described in EMP. Actions to be taken to minimize negative impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement will be presented separately (in the Resettlement Plan), to be implemented and monitored separately. 5.2.1. Environmental Codes of Practices (ECOPs) As a part of environmental assessment, an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is a safeguards instrument that is typically used in many projects. EMP comprises information on and guidance for the process of mitigating and managing adverse environmental impacts throughout project implementation. Environmental codes of practice (ECOPs) are mitigation measures for generic impacts from project activities during the construction phase and are intended to be included in the bidding documents as requirements directed to the construction contractor. ECOPs are not a formally recognized World Bank safeguards instrument but their use, as part of an EMP, is a convenient and effective way to ensure that generic and typical construction impacts are adequately mitigated during project implementation. Main environmental and social impacts during the urban construction: Construction activities for small works governed by these ECOPs are those whose impacts are of limited extent, temporary and reversible, and readily managed with good construction practices. The environmental and social issues covered in this document are: - Dust - Air pollution - Impacts from noise and vibration - Water pollution - Drainage and sedimentation control - Management of stockpiles, quarries, and borrow pits - Solid waste management - Management of dredged materials - Disruption of vegetative covers and ecological resources - Traffic management Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 122 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP - Interruption of utility services - Restoration of affected areas - Worker and public safety - Communication with local communities - Chance findings Table 5-1: Mitigation measures from ECOPs Environmental Vietnam’s and social Mitigation measures regulations issues 1. Dust  The Contractor is responsible for compliance with  QCVN 05: generation relevant Vietnamese legislation with respect to ambient 2013/BTNMT: air quality. National  The Contractor shall ensure that the generation of dust is technical minimized and is not perceived as a nuisance by local regulation on residents and shall implement a dust control plan to ambient air maintain a safe working environment and minimize quality disturbances for surrounding residential areas/dwellings.  The Contractor shall implement dust suppression measures (e.g. use water spraying vehicles to water roads, covering of material stockpiles, etc.) as required.  Material loads shall be suitably covered and secured during transportation to prevent the scattering of soil, sand, materials, or dust.  Exposed soil and material stockpiles shall be protected against wind erosion and the location of stockpiles shall take into consideration the prevailing wind directions and locations of sensitive receptors. 2. Air  All vehicles must comply with Vietnamese regulations  TCVN 6438- pollution controlling allowable emission limits of exhaust gases. 2005: Road  Vehicles in Vietnam must undergo a regular emissions vehicles check and get certified named: “Certificate of conformity Maximum from inspection of quality, technical safety and permitted environmental protection” following Decision No. emission limits of 35/2005/QD-BGTVT; exhaust gas.  There should be no burning of waste or construction  Decision No. materials (eg. Bitumen etc.) on site. 35/2005/QD- BGTVT on inspection of quality, technical safety and environmental protection;  QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT : National technical regulation on ambient air Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 123 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Environmental Vietnam’s and social Mitigation measures regulations issues quality 3. Impacts  The contractor is responsible for compliance with the  QCVN from noise relevant Vietnamese legislation with respect to noise and 26:2010/BTNMT and vibration. : National vibration  All vehicles must have appropriate “Certificate of technical conformity from inspection of quality, technical safety regulation on and environmental protection” following Decision No. noise 35/2005/QD-BGTVT; to avoid exceeding noise emission  QCVN from poorly maintained machines. 27:2010/BTNMT  When needed, measures to reduce noise to acceptable : National levels must be implemented and could include silencers, technical mufflers, acoustically dampened panels or placement of regulation on noisy machines in acoustically protected areas. vibration 4. Water  The Contractor must be responsible for compliance with  QCVN pollution the relevant Vietnamese legislation relevant to wastewater 09:2008/BTNM discharges into watercourses. T: National  Portable or constructed toilets must be provided on site Technical for construction workers. Wastewater from toilets as well Standard on as kitchens. Toilet wastewater: (i) must be treated through septic tank or (ii) use portable toilets and collect transfer underground out of the construction site. water Quality  Wastewater from kitchens, bathrooms, sinks must go  QCVN through settling tank, through grease collecting material, 14:2008/BTNM then go into existing drainage system. T: National  Wastewater over standards set by relevant Vietnam technical technical standards/regulations must be collected in a regulation on conservancy tank and removed from site by licensed waste collection units. domestic wastewater;  QCVN 24: 2009/BTNMT: National technical regulation on industrial wastewater;  TCVN 7222: 2002: General requirements on Patterns of portable toilet centralized  Wastewater density over the Vietnam standard should be wastewater collected into tanks and transported by the functional treatment plant;. agency. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 124 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Environmental Vietnam’s and social Mitigation measures regulations issues  Before construction, all necessary wastewater disposal permits/licenses and/or wastewater disposal contract have been obtained  At completion of construction works, wastewater collection tanks and septic tanks shall be safely disposed or effectively sealed off. Portable toilets should be reused for other projects. 5. Drainage  The Contractor shall follow the detailed drainage design  TCVN and included in the construction plans, intended to prevent 4447:1987: sedimentati storm water from causing local flooding or scouring slopes Earth works- on control and areas of unprotected soil resulting in heavy sediment Codes for loads affecting local watercourses. construction  Ensure drainage system is always maintained cleared of  Circular No. mud and other obstructions. 22/2010/TT-  Areas not disturbed by construction activities shall be BXD dated 03 maintained in their existing conditions. Dec. 2010 on  Earthworks, and filling of pits shall be properly regulation of maintained, in accordance with the construction construction specifications, including measures such as installation of safety drains, use of plant coverage.  QCVN  To avoid sediment-laded runoff that could adversely 08:2008/BTNM impact watercourses, install sediment control structures T – National where needed to slow or redirect runoff and trap sediment technical until vegetation is established. regulation on  The amount of excavated soil will be stored along the quality of route at the locations agreed upon with the local authorities surface water and people. At the same time, the contractor will not have construction plans, earthworks in the rainy season to avoid leaching, water pollution. In the case of construction during the rainy season, the contractors should have appropriate construction methods to prevent local flooding as embankment, shielding excavated land by canvas, digging temporary drainage ditches and pumping for drying the construction site and limit flooding. 6. Manageme  All locations to be used must be previously identified in nt of the approved construction specifications. Sensitive sites stockpiles, such as scenic spots, areas of natural habitat, areas near quarries, sensitive receptors, or areas near water should be and borrow avoided. pits  An open ditch shall be built around the stockpile site to intercept wastewater.  Stockpile topsoil when first opening a borrow pit and use Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 125 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Environmental Vietnam’s and social Mitigation measures regulations issues it later to restore the area to near natural conditions.  If needed, disposal sites shall include a retaining wall.  If the need for new sites arises during construction, they must be pre-approved by the Construction Engineer.  If landowners are affected by use of their areas for stockpiles or borrow pits, they must be included in the project resettlement plan.  If access roads are needed, they must have been considered in the environmental assessment. 7. Solid waste  Before construction, a solid waste control procedure  Decree No. (storage, provision of bins, site clean-up schedule, bin 59/2007/ND-CP clean-out schedule, etc.) must be prepared by Contractors on solid waste and it must be carefully followed during construction management activities.  Decree No.  Before construction, all necessary waste disposal 38/2015/ND-CP permits or licenses must be obtained. dated 24 April  Measures shall be taken to reduce the potential for litter 2015 of the and negligent behavior with regard to the disposal of all Government on refuse. At all places of work, the Contractor shall provide management of litter bins, containers and refuse collection facilities. waste and  Solid waste may be temporarily stored on site in a scraps. designated area approved by the Construction Supervision Consultant and relevant local authorities prior to collection and disposal through a licensed waste collector, for example, URENCO.  Waste storage containers shall be covered, tip-proof, weatherproof and scavenger proof.  No burning, on-site burying or dumping of solid waste shall occur.  Recyclable materials such as wooden plates for trench works, steel, scaffolding material, site holding, packaging material, etc shall be collected and separated on-site from Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 126 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Environmental Vietnam’s and social Mitigation measures regulations issues other waste sources for reuse, for use as fill, or for sale.  If not removed off site, solid waste or construction debris shall be disposed of only at sites identified and approved by the Construction Supervision Consultant and included in the solid waste plan. Under no circumstances shall the contractor dispose of any material in environmentally sensitive areas, such as in areas of natural habitat or in watercourses. 8. Chemical  Chemical waste of any kind shall be disposed of at an  Decision No. or approved appropriate landfill site and in accordance with 23/2006/QD- hazardous local legislative requirements. The Contractor shall obtain BTNMT with wastes needed disposal certificates. list of  The removal of asbestos-containing materials or other hazardous toxic substances shall be performed and disposed of by substance specially trained and certified workers.  Circular No.  Used oil and grease shall be removed from site and sold 12/2011/TT- to an approved used oil recycling company. BTNMT dated  Used oil, lubricants, cleaning materials, etc. from the 14 April 2011 maintenance of vehicles and machinery shall be collected in on management holding tanks and removed from site by a specialized oil of hazardous recycling company for disposal at an approved hazardous substance waste site.  Used oil or oil-contaminated materials that could potentially contain PCBs shall be securely stored to avoid any leakage or affecting workers. The Danang DONRE must be contacted for further guidance.  Unused or rejected tar or bituminous products shall be returned to the supplier’s production plant.  During construction of bridges and culverts, waste welding will be collected as hazardous waste and must be sold / collected by functional units handling hazardous waste.  Relevant agencies shall be promptly informed of any accidental spill or incident.  Store chemicals appropriately and with appropriate labeling  Appropriate communication and training programs should be put in place to prepare workers to recognize and respond to workplace chemical hazards  Prepare and initiate a remedial action following any spill or incident. In this case, the contractor shall provide a Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 127 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Environmental Vietnam’s and social Mitigation measures regulations issues report explaining the reasons for the spill or incident, remedial action taken, consequences/damage from the spill, and proposed corrective actions. 9. Manageme  Dredging plan should be established including time  Decision No. nt of sludge schedule, method statement to meet the requirements of 23/2006/QD- traffic safety, public health, and environmental sanitation. BTNMT with In order to ensure dredging that is consistent with list of environmental regulations, key decision makers (local hazardous authority, DONRE, utility company, Construction substance Supervision Consultant, etc.) must be involved and concur  Decree No. in each key decision point in the process leading to 59/2007/ND-CP preparation and implementation of a plan. dated 09 April  Characteristics of sludge/sediment should be 2007 on solid determined by sampling and analysis if not already fully waste evaluated during the EIA. Sludge that is heavily management contaminated would require measures that go beyond the  Decree No. scope of these ECOPs. 38/2015/ND-CP  Ensure that dredged material management plans dated 24 April incorporate environmental considerations in the 2015 on identification of short-term and long-term disposal management of alternatives, consider methods to reduce dredging, and waste and maximize the beneficial use of dredged materials. scrabs.  The dredging should be implemented before water level rises.  Lixiviate from dredged materials should not be allowed to enter watercourses without appropriate filtering or treatment.  Collected dredged materials have to be processed, as per Vietnamese regulations on waste collection, to ensure safe and environmentally secure transportation, storage, treatment and management  Agencies involved in handling of sludge should be specialized and have certification of sludge handling. Guidelines for certification of sludge handling according to the Circular No. 12/2011/TT-BTNMT on management of hazardous substance.  Sanitary landfill site should meet technical requirements, based on level of potential contamination. 10. Disruption  The Contractor shall prepare a Clearance, Revegetation  Law on of and Restoration Management Plan for prior approval by the Environment vegetative Construction Engineer, following relevant regulations. The protection No. cover and Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 128 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Environmental Vietnam’s and social Mitigation measures regulations issues ecological Clearance Plan shall be approved by Construction 55/2014/QH13 resources Supervision Consultant and followed strictly by contractor. Areas to be cleared should be minimized as much as possible.  The Contractor shall remove topsoil from all areas where topsoil will be impacted on by rehabilitation activities, including temporary activities such as storage and stockpiling, etc; the stripped topsoil shall be stockpiled in areas agreed with the Construction Supervision Consultant for later use in re-vegetation and shall be adequately protected.  The application of chemicals for vegetation clearing is not permitted.  Prohibit cutting of any tree unless explicitly authorized in the vegetation clearing plan.  When needed, erect temporary protective fencing to efficiently protect the preserved trees before commencement of any works within the site.  Area of potential importance as an ecological resource should not be disturbed. This could include areas of breeding or feeding of birds or animals, fish spawning areas, or any area that is protected as a green space.  The Contractor shall ensure that no hunting, trapping shooting, poisoning of fauna takes place. 11. Traffic  Before construction, carry out consultations with local  Law on traffic manageme government and community and with traffic police. and nt  Significant increases in number of vehicle trips must be transportation covered in a construction plan previously approved. No. Routing, especially of heavy vehicles, needs to take into 23/2008/QH12 account sensitive sites such as schools, hospitals, and  Law on markets. construction  Installation of lighting at night must be done if this is No.16/2003/QH necessary to ensure safe traffic circulation. 11  Place signs around the construction areas to facilitate  Circular traffic movement, provide directions to various components No.22/2010/TT- of the works, and provide safety advice and warning. BXD dated 03  Using safe traffic control measures, including Dec., 2010 on road/rivers/canal signs and flag persons to warn of labor safety dangerous conditions. during the  Avoid material transportation for construction during construction of rush hour. civil works. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 129 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Environmental Vietnam’s and social Mitigation measures regulations issues  Passageways for pedestrians and vehicles within and outside construction areas should be segregated and provide for easy, safe, and appropriate access. Signpost shall be installed appropriately in both water-ways and roads where necessary. 12. Interruptio  Planned and unplanned interruptions to water, gas,  Decree No. n of utility power, internet services: the Contractor must undertake 73/2010/ND-CP services prior consultation and contingency planning with local on authorities about the consequences of a particular service administrative failure or disconnection. penalization  Coordinate with relevant utility providers to establish security and appropriate construction schedules. society issues  Provide information to affected households on working schedules as well as planned disruptions (at least 5 days in advance).  Interruptions of water supply to agricultural areas must also be avoided.  The contractor should ensure alternative water supply to affected residents in the event of disruptions lasting more than one day.  Any damages to existing utility systems of cable shall be reported to authorities and repaired as soon as possible. 13. Restoration  Cleared areas such as borrow pits which are no longer  Law on of affected in use, disposal areas, site facilities, workers’ camps, Environment areas stockpiles areas, working platforms and any areas protection No. temporarily occupied during construction of the project 55/2014/QH13 works shall be restored using landscaping, adequate drainage and revegetation.  Start revegetation as soon as possible. Appropriate local native species of vegetation shall be selected for the planting and restoration of the natural landforms.  Spoil heaps and excavated slopes shall be re-profiled to stable batters, and grassed to prevent erosion;  All affected areas shall be landscaped and any necessary remedial works shall be undertaken without delay, including green-spacing, roads, bridges and other existing works  Trees shall be planted at exposed land and on slopes to prevent or reduce land collapse and keep stability of slopes  Soil contaminated with chemicals or hazardous substances shall be removed and transported and buried in Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 130 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Environmental Vietnam’s and social Mitigation measures regulations issues waste disposal areas.  Restore all damaged road and bridges caused by project activities. 14. Worker  Contractor shall comply with all Vietnamese  Circular No. and public regulations regarding worker safety. 22/2010/TT- Safety  Prepare and implement action plan to cope with risk and BXD dated 03 emergency December 2010  Preparation of emergency aid service at construction on regulation of site construction  Training workers on occupational safety regulations safety  Ensure that ear pieces are provided to and used by  Directive No. workers who must use noisy machines such as piling, 02 /2008/CT- explosion, mixing, etc., for noise control and workers BXD on safety protection. and sanitation  During demolition of existing infrastructure, workers issues in and the general public must be protected from falling debris construction by measures such as chutes, traffic control, and use of agencies restricted access zones.  TCVN 5308-91:  Install fences, barriers, dangerous warning/prohibition Technical site around the construction area which showing potential regulation on danger to public people safety in  The contractor shall provide safety measures as construction installation of fences, barriers warning signs, lighting  Decision No. system against traffic accidents as well as other risk to 96/2006/QD- people and sensitive areas. TTg dated 04  If previous assessments indicate there could be May 2006 on unexploded ordnance (UXO), clearance must be done by management qualified personnel and as per detailed plans approved by and the Construction Engineer. implementation of bomb mine explosive material disposal. 15. Communic  Maintain open communications with the local  Decree No. ation with government and concerned communities; the contractor 73/2010/ND-CP local shall coordinate with local authorities (leaders of local on communitie wards or communes, leader of villages) for agreed administrative s schedules of construction activities at areas nearby sensitive penalization places or at sensitive times (e.g., religious festival days). security and  Copies in Vietnamese of these ECOPs and of other society issues relevant environmental safeguard documents shall be made available to local communities and to workers at the site. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 131 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Environmental Vietnam’s and social Mitigation measures regulations issues  Reduced playground space, loss of playing fields and car parking: The loss of amenities during the construction process is often an unavoidable source of inconvenience to users in sensitive areas. However, early consultation with those affected, provides the opportunity to investigate and implement alternatives.  Disseminate project information to affected parties (for example local authority, enterprises and affected households, etc) through community meetings before construction commencement;  Provide a community contact channel from whom interested parties can receive information on site activities, project status and project implementation results;  Provide all information, especially technical findings, in a language that is understandable to the general public and in a form of useful to interested citizens and elected officials through the preparation of fact sheets and news release, when major findings become available during project phase;  Monitor concerns and requirements of community;  Respond to inquiries by telephone and in writing in a timely and accurate manner;  Inform local residents about construction and work schedules, interruption of services, traffic detour routes and provisional bus routes, blasting and demolition, as appropriate;  Provide technical documents and drawings to community, especially a sketch of the construction area and the EMP of the construction site;  Notification boards shall be erected at all construction sites providing information about the project, as well as contact information about the site managers, environmental staff, health and safety staff, telephone numbers and other contact information so that any affected people can have the channel to voice their concerns and suggestions. 16. Chance If the Contractor discovers archeological sites, historical  Law on Cultural find sites, remains and objects, including graveyards and/or Heritage procedures individual graves during excavation or construction, the 32/2009/QH12 Contractor shall:  Law on amending  Stop the construction activities in the area of the chance and find; supplementing a Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 132 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Environmental Vietnam’s and social Mitigation measures regulations issues  Delineate the discovered site or area; number of articles  Secure the sites to prevent any damage or loss of of Law on removable objects. In cases of removable antiquities or Cultural Heritage sensitive remains, a night guard shall be arranged until the 28/2001/QH10 responsible local authorities or the Department of Culture,  Decree No. Sports and Tourism takes over; 98/2010/ND-CP  Notify the Construction Supervision Consultant who in dated 21/09/2010 turn will notify responsible local or national authorities in of the charge of the Cultural Property of Viet Nam (within 24 Government on hours or less); implementing a  Relevant local or national authorities would be in number of articles charge of protecting and preserving the site before deciding of Law on on subsequent appropriate procedures. This would require a cultural heritage preliminary evaluation of the findings to be performed. The and Law on significance and importance of the findings should be amendment and assessed according to the various criteria relevant to supplementation cultural heritage; those include the aesthetic, historic, of a number of scientific or research, social and economic values; articles of Law on  Decisions on how to handle the finding shall be taken cultural heritage. by the responsible authorities. This could include changes in the layout (such as when finding an irremovable remain of cultural or archeological importance) conservation, preservation, restoration and acquisition;  If the cultural sites and/or relics are of high value and site preservation is recommended by the professionals and required by the cultural relics authority, the Project’s Owner will need to make necessary design changes to accommodate the request and preserve the site;  Decisions concerning the management of the finding shall be communicated in writing by relevant authorities;  Construction works could resume only after permission is granted from the responsible local authorities concerning protection of the heritage. 5.2.2. Typical mitigation measures The following sections will present site-specific impacts and mitigation measures not presented fully in the application of Environmental codes of practice (ECOPs). This is because the impacts are not typical and not included in ECOPs (the severity of impacts is beyond the mitigation measures range in ECOPs or the nature of mitigation measures required is too specific). Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 133 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP (a) Design measures The project design must comply with the following requirements: - The environmental components and related issues must be integrated in the design and plan of the project. The detailed designs should minimize adverse impacts on the environment by maximizing the reuse of existing conditions and properly selecting location for new construction works so that disturbances to the environment, people and project works are smallest. Under the terms of Vietnam's construction standards (environmental and natural resources protection), the construction projects should: i) Not cause adverse impacts on the environment, and technical regulations on protecting the environment and landscape should be monitored. ii) Protect natural protected areas and historical, cultural and religious structures. iii) Ensure rational and sustainable use of natural resources. iv) Respect traditional customs, practices and religion of local people. During the road designing, it is required to avoid potential disturbance to the suitable existing infrastructure. All technical issues must be studied with the participation of stakeholders and incorporated into the final design. Construction and maintenance conditions should be made in a reasonable manner. Transportation of construction materials and excavated soil disposal, as well as access roads and backfilled pits need to be studied carefully and designed reasonably. To minimize transport requirements and the impacts outside the construction area, maximum use of the excavation materials in the construction area and near the construction area is necessary and recommended. Specially, for the Road DH2, it is required to be calculated, designed with suitable ground level and structures to adapt to climate change impacts under scenarios that MONRE forecasted, especially in cases where heavy rains occur and prolong, combined with high tides and sea level rise causing flooding. Also, the construction contractor should develop a reasonable construction plan, organize well the drainage in the construction works, especially during the rainy season to avoid local flooding. On the other hand, for junctions with roads (National highway 14B, Hoang Van Thai road, provincial road DT602 and DT604), the Client and Consulting unit should design reasonably to ensure synchronized traffic and prevent the risk of traffic accidents that might occur. Especially, to minimize flood risks caused by the construction of road, the Client and Consulting Firm designed vertical and horizontal drainage culverts.  Vertical drainage: Vertical drainage is arranged on the sidewalk, the center of the drainage system is 2.5m from the road surface edge. Centrifugal concrete pipes D = 800 are used, putting on crushed course stone 4x6 with thickness of 30cm; Manholes, inlets and horizontal raceways arranged at intervals of 25m, concrete structures M150 with M200 reinforced concrete cover. At the horizontal locations, arrange centrifuge bearing pipe. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 134 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Vertical drainage is connected to bridges, outlets to Tuy Loan river. At the segments invested in different stages, ditches along the excavated base are reinforced by concrete pieces with dimensions (57x50x8) cm.  Horizontal drainage: The drains on the road are designed to use box culverts with aperture from 100x100 cm to 300x300 cm. - Culvert body: Reinforced concrete M300 stone 1x2, culvert body cutoff is made by concrete M200 stone 1x2. - Upstream, downstream: Head wall, side wall with reinforced concrete M300 stone 1x2, cutoff culvert ground by concrete M150 stone 2x4 on padding layer thickness of 10cm. Reinforcement against erosion for the upstream and downstream by rip rap. - Load reduction slabs: by reinforced concrete M200 stone 1x2, manholes of the vertical drainage by concrete M150 with reinforced concrete M200 slab cover. + Box culvert (100x100) cm : 13/606.5 (piece/meter long); + Box culvert (150x150) cm : 6/144 (piece/meter long); + Box culvert 2x(150x150) cm : 1/22 (piece/meter long); + Box culvert (200x200) cm : 2/62 (piece/meter long); + Box culvert 2x(300x200) cm : 1/23 (piece/meter long); + Box culvert (300x300) cm : 5/118 (piece/meter long). Quantity and specific positions of each culvert are shown in Tables 1.6 and 1.7. With the huge number and appropriate size of drainage culverts and ditches, the drainage will be ensured, thereby minimizing flooding in case of heavy rains. For temporary drainage/ temporary flood prevention during the construction phase: - Establishment vertical and horizontal drainage after filling soil leveling - Digging drainage canal according to the current state of roads - Arrangement of available pumps and other equipments to serve drainage - After receiving the notice, the response from the local community, it is necessary to implement measures to clear the flow, drainage enhanced pump. (b) Mitigation measures before construction phase Minimizing the impacts of land acquisition and resettlement:  Implementation of the resettlement plan (RP) follows the relevant provisions: - The first activity to minimize the project impacts is to help the households understand the location and benefits of the project as well as the anticipated impacts to minimize the impacts all together. Many community consultations were conducted in the project area to disclose (i) information of the project and (ii) the expected impacts as well as measures of compensation for land acquisition and resettlement. During the consultations, many ideas were exchanged. In general, the people are very supportive of the project and hoped the project could be implemented to address the local Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 135 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP flooding. - To reduce to the minimum the impact of land acquisition, the project has been studied and designed with several different options, then assessed and selection of the optimal plan to prevent and minimize the loss of land, homes, trees, buildings, infrastructure has been made following the socio-economic development plan of the localities where the roads pass through. In the event negative impacts on assets are inevitable, there will be fair compensation and the compensation value guaranteed at least to make up for the damage, in accordance with criteria set out in the OP4.12 of the World Bank and compensation and support policies on resettlement of the Vietnam Government. - All the objects affected by the project will be compensated and/or supported under the Resettlement Policy Framework of Danang city approved by the Government of Vietnam (April 2012) and the World Bank. A resettlement report was prepared frp the project and will be submitted for World Bank’s approval. The affected households will be compensated for the affected assets at replacement cost and other assistance if necessary to achieve the objectives of this policy in the case these households own land in the project area before the cutoff date. - In some cases where the households stay nearby the roads to be improved, temporary impacts during construction are inevitable. Fair compensation with the compensation value guaranteed at least to make up for the damage was mentioned in the RP in accordance with the project policy. - During the construction of works, there will be negative impacts on people in the area such as affecting trade and business activities or travel of the people. Therefore, a number of measures to mitigate the impacts in the construction will be applied such as successive construction method, finished construction of each segment and prior notice to the affected households, arrangement temporary roads for people and businessman. According to the resettlement policy of the project, all public buildings affected will be rebuilt or repaired and restored. - The Client and design consulting unit have identified the location of civil works, public works and design measures to avoid/minimize impacts... At the same time, criteria for minimizing the impacts during construction have been established such as labor safety plan (when construction is near residential areas), arrangement of suitable tools (signage, baffle with residential areas...) and working time... to minimize temporary impacts... Minimizing impacts on safety and electricity supply suspension due to relocation of electric poles  Prepare plans for dismantling and notify the people, production facilities around the area of the dismantling time and electricity supply suspension.  Contractors, Project Management Unit coordinate with the relevant authorities Da Nang EVN, Department of Da Nang Construction) in the dismantling, proper use of specialized workers for the dismantling to avoid risks. (c) Mitigation of impacts during the construction of Road DH2:  Site clearance includes cleaning trees and vegetable cover beyond right of way of the construction site. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 136 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP  Large amount of land required to fill up the roadbed, taken from uncontrolled materials mines.  Blocked natural flows  Danger in the construction site for residential areas and other areas outside the construction site.  Vibration from machinery causes damage to adjacent houses.  Concrete and asphalt mixing plants (if being built at the site) will generate exhaust gas and wastewater, leading to pollution.  Mitigation measures: - Clear the area before construction by bomb demining professionals and they are licensed. - Ensure that contractors prepare and implement a specific/ particular environmental management plan (as required by the contract) for every aspect of the job - site clearance, land acquisition, temporary and permanent drainage system and pavement works, transport and regional security. In particular, and in addition to the general requirements are specified in the following ECOPs  Ensure not cut trees outside the right of way.  Ensure that from starting the construction, the drainage is prioritized. Drainage system consists of drains, sand traps and flow reduction structure, etc.  Ensure that material mines to be exploited, operated, closed and restored in manner for excavation positions in the project works and included in requirements of the contracts and the Environmental Management Plan (EMP).  Ensure that the road base is built systematically to avoid repeated transportation and stable construction surface right after completion.  Ensure that protection measures to be determined in the contract, including natural methods such as planting grass, shrubs and artificial measures such as stone paving, concreting, reinforced fiber or geo-textile fabric suitably with the conditions in the construction site when the construction process is on-going or completed.  Ensure temporary box culverts to be installed for any natural flow that works passes over.  Ensure that equipment of repairing machines and warehouses of materials and machines, such as material processing factory located in the positions far from canals, ditches, rivers, streams, residential areas and other sensitive areas.  Ensure that all drivers and operators of machines must be qualified and have certification of practices and trained and comply with the traffic management plan.  Ensure that machines such as concrete and asphalt mixing plant to be equipped with dust collection system, to be operated and maintained according to standards and connected with canals, ditches to sediment and waste collection holes, traps for preliminary wastewater treatment.  Gathering machinery, materials, mixing must put away from the location, sensitive projects such as schools, churches, temples on the route. Construction activities must be calculated so as not to affect the festivals, religious activities.  For the section through the area of low hills, the risk of local landslides at some points may occur, however the risks will be overcome in the process of the survey of design Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 137 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP / construction consultant unit. The area will be changed alignment or sure ground reinforcement, considering the case of the embankment if needed. (d) Mitigate impacts during DH2 road operation phase: After completion of construction, the different traffic vehicles will operate on the road. The main short-term effects include increased traffic accidents and pedestrian because the vehicle speed is higher than allowed road standards; premature degradation of the road and embankment slopes, drainage works due to the lack of maintenance. To mitigate the impacts mentioned above, the following measures will be taken by city road maintenance agencies: • Ensure that road safety is provided, including signs, light ... has been permanently installed in the process of construction and effective maintenance and renewed as necessary. • Ensure operational plans and city maintenance, and related budget, including the work and the resources needed for road maintenance as the completed state; • Ensure with the aid of traffic control authorities, the vehicles have exceeded the stipulated tonnage will not be circulated on the road. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 138 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP CHAPTER 6: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 139 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 6.1. Summary of mitigation measures of negative impacts * Design phase: The project design must comply with the following requirements: - The environmental elements and related issues must be integrated in the design and planning of the project. The detailed designs should minimize the negative environmental impacts through maximum reuse of available conditions and selecting location of new works in the areas so that the disturbance to environment, people and works is minimal. According to Vietnam construction standards (environmental and natural resources protection), the construction projects must: i) Not cause negative environmental impacts and technical regulations on environmental and landscape protection should be monitored. ii) Protect the natural protected areas and historical, cultural and religious heritages. iii) Ensure the appropriate and sustainable use of natural resources. iv) Respect the traditional customs and religion of the local people. In designing the road, it is required to avoid the potential for disturbance to the existing infrastructures. All technical issues have been studied with the participation of the stakeholders, and then incorporated into the final design. The conditions for construction and maintenance should be given in a reasonable manner. The transport of construction materials and disposal of excavated soil as well as the path and the landfill cells should be studied carefully and properly designed. To minimize the transportation requirements and impacts outside the construction site, the maximum use of excavated materials at the construction site and near the construction area is necessary and encouraged. * Construction phase: During the construction phase, all the construction works of the subproject will be undertaken in accordance with appropriate standards, technical specifications and bidding documents/contracts. The preparation of bidding documents/contracts as well as the terms of reference for construction supervision consultants will be considered and issued with “No- objection letter” by the World Bank. The environmental mitigation measures will be presented in the next section. The technical regulations for specific activities such as the operation of the mining quarries, the material batching plant and rearrangement of the processing factories and production enterprises will be presented in separate sections of this chapter. * Operation phase: During the operation phase, the project owner and the management and operation units should periodically monitor and supervise the project performance indicators and monitor the compliance with the environmental protection measures which have been approved in the EIA report of the project. In addition, the environmental monitoring organization for the entire project will be presented in the following section: 6.1.1. Mitigation Measures of Environmental Impacts Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 140 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Mitigation measures of negative impacts during the project phases are divided into 2 basic parts: (1) Typical mitigation measures – ECOPs - for all construction activities of the project and (2) site-specific impact mitigation measures for every project location. (1) ECOPs: Environmental codes of practices for urban construction outline typical impacts at low possibility in a range of construction activities of the project. ECOPs also include mitigation measures for such impacts and a procedure to incorporate mitigation measures in construction contracts of the Contractor. During the detailed design of technical alternatives for each contract, the technical design consultant will incorporate specific parts of ECOPs in the contract and site-specific impacts measures identified in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP). (2) Site-specific impacts mitigation measures for each project location not mentioned in generic ECOPs or these impacts at a level in need of other mitigation measures beyond ECOPs will be described in EMP. Actions to be taken to minimize negative impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement will be presented separately (in the Resettlement Plan), to be implemented and monitored separately. 1) Environmental Codes of Practices (ECOPs) As a part of environmental assessment, an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is a safeguards instrument that is typically used in many projects. EMP comprises information on and guidance for the process of mitigating and managing adverse environmental impacts throughout project implementation. Environmental codes of practice (ECOPs) are mitigation measures for generic impacts from project activities during the construction phase and are intended to be included in the bidding documents as requirements directed to the construction contractor. ECOPs are not a formally recognized World Bank safeguards instrument but their use, as part of an EMP, is a convenient and effective way to ensure that generic and typical construction impacts are adequately mitigated during project implementation Main environmental and social impacts during the construction of urban works: Construction activities for small works governed by these ECOPs are those whose impacts are of limited extent, temporary and reversible, and readily managed with good construction practices. The environmental and social issues covered in this document are: - Dust - Air pollution - Impacts from noise and vibration - Water pollution - Drainage and sedimentation control - Management of stockpiles, quarries, and borrow pits - Solid waste management - Management of dredged materials - Disruption of vegetative covers and ecological resources - Traffic management - Interruption of utility services - Restoration of affected areas - Worker and public safety Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 141 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP - Communication with local communities - Chance findings Table 6-1: Environmental Codes of Practices for urban works (ECOPs) Environmental Vietnam’s and social Mitigation measures regulations issues 17. Dust  The Contractor is responsible for compliance with  QCVN 05: generation relevant Vietnamese legislation with respect to ambient 2013/BTNMT: air quality. National  The Contractor shall ensure that the generation of dust is technical minimized and is not perceived as a nuisance by local regulation on residents and shall implement a dust control plan to ambient air maintain a safe working environment and minimize quality disturbances for surrounding residential areas/dwellings.  The Contractor shall implement dust suppression measures (e.g. use water spraying vehicles to water roads, covering of material stockpiles, etc.) as required.  Material loads shall be suitably covered and secured during transportation to prevent the scattering of soil, sand, materials, or dust.  Exposed soil and material stockpiles shall be protected against wind erosion and the location of stockpiles shall take into consideration the prevailing wind directions and locations of sensitive receptors. 18. Air  All vehicles must comply with Vietnamese regulations  TCVN 6438- pollution controlling allowable emission limits of exhaust gases. 2005: Road  Vehicles in Vietnam must undergo a regular emissions vehicles check and get certified named: “Certificate of conformity Maximum from inspection of quality, technical safety and permitted environmental protection” following Decision No. emission limits of 35/2005/QD-BGTVT; exhaust gas.  There should be no burning of waste or construction  Decision No. materials (eg. Bitumen etc.) on site. 35/2005/QD- BGTVT on inspection of quality, technical safety and environmental protection;  QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT : National technical regulation on ambient air quality Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 142 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Environmental Vietnam’s and social Mitigation measures regulations issues 19. Impacts  The contractor is responsible for compliance with the  QCVN from noise relevant Vietnamese legislation with respect to noise and 26:2010/BTNMT and vibration. : National vibration  All vehicles must have appropriate “Certificate of technical conformity from inspection of quality, technical safety regulation on and environmental protection” following Decision No. noise 35/2005/QD-BGTVT; to avoid exceeding noise emission  QCVN from poorly maintained machines. 27:2010/BTNMT  When needed, measures to reduce noise to acceptable : National levels must be implemented and could include silencers, technical mufflers, acoustically dampened panels or placement of regulation on noisy machines in acoustically protected areas. vibration 20. Water  The Contractor must be responsible for compliance with  QCVN pollution the relevant Vietnamese legislation relevant to wastewater 09:2008/BTNM discharges into watercourses. T: National  Portable or constructed toilets must be provided on site Technical for construction workers. Wastewater from toilets as well Standard on as kitchens, showers, sinks, etc. shall be discharged into a conservancy tank for removal from the site or discharged underground into municipal sewerage systems; there should be no water Quality direct discharges to any domestic waterbody.  QCVN  Wastewater over standards set by relevant Vietnam 14:2008/BTNM technical standards/regulations must be collected in a T: National conservancy tank and removed from site by licensed technical waste collection units. regulation on domestic wastewater;  QCVN 24: 2009/BTNMT: National technical regulation on industrial wastewater;  TCVN 7222: Patterns of portable toilet 2002: General  Wastewater density over the Vietnam standard should be requirements on collected into tanks and transported by the functional centralized agency. wastewater  Before construction, all necessary wastewater disposal treatment plant;. permits/licenses and/or wastewater disposal contract have been obtained  At completion of construction works, wastewater collection tanks and septic tanks shall be safely disposed or effectively sealed off. Portable toilets should be reused for other projects. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 143 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Environmental Vietnam’s and social Mitigation measures regulations issues 21. Drainage  The Contractor shall follow the detailed drainage design  TCVN and included in the construction plans, intended to prevent 4447:1987: sedimentati storm water from causing local flooding or scouring slopes Earth works- on control and areas of unprotected soil resulting in heavy sediment Codes for loads affecting local watercourses. construction  Ensure drainage system is always maintained cleared of  Circular No. mud and other obstructions. 22/2010/TT-  Areas not disturbed by construction activities shall be BXD dated 03 maintained in their existing conditions. Dec. 2010 on  Earthworks, and filling of pits shall be properly regulation of maintained, in accordance with the construction construction specifications, including measures such as installation of safety drains, use of plant coverage.  QCVN  To avoid sediment-laded runoff that could adversely 08:2008/BTNM impact watercourses, install sediment control structures T – National where needed to slow or redirect runoff and trap sediment technical until vegetation is established. regulation on  The amount of excavated soil will be stored along the quality of route at the locations agreed upon with the local authorities surface water and people. At the same time, the contractor will not have construction plans, earthworks in the rainy season to avoid leaching, water pollution. In the case of construction during the rainy season, the contractors should have appropriate construction methods to prevent local flooding as embankment, shielding excavated land by canvas, digging temporary drainage ditches and pumping for drying the construction site and limit flooding. 22. Manageme  All locations to be used must be previously identified in nt of the approved construction specifications. Sensitive sites stockpiles, such as scenic spots, areas of natural habitat, areas near quarries, sensitive receptors, or areas near water should be and borrow avoided. pits  An open ditch shall be built around the stockpile site to intercept wastewater.  Stockpile topsoil when first opening a borrow pit and use it later to restore the area to near natural conditions.  If needed, disposal sites shall include a retaining wall.  If the need for new sites arises during construction, they must be pre-approved by the Construction Engineer.  If landowners are affected by use of their areas for stockpiles or borrow pits, they must be included in the project resettlement plan. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 144 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Environmental Vietnam’s and social Mitigation measures regulations issues  If access roads are needed, they must have been considered in the environmental assessment. 23. Solid waste  Before construction, a solid waste control procedure  Decree No. (storage, provision of bins, site clean-up schedule, bin 59/2007/ND-CP clean-out schedule, etc.) must be prepared by Contractors on solid waste and it must be carefully followed during construction management activities.  Decree No.  Before construction, all necessary waste disposal 38/2015/ND-CP permits or licenses must be obtained. dated 24 April  Measures shall be taken to reduce the potential for litter 2015 of the and negligent behavior with regard to the disposal of all Government on refuse. At all places of work, the Contractor shall provide management of litter bins, containers and refuse collection facilities. waste and  Solid waste may be temporarily stored on site in a scraps. designated area approved by the Construction Supervision Consultant and relevant local authorities prior to collection and disposal through a licensed waste collector, for example, URENCO.  Waste storage containers shall be covered, tip-proof, weatherproof and scavenger proof.  No burning, on-site burying or dumping of solid waste shall occur.  Recyclable materials such as wooden plates for trench works, steel, scaffolding material, site holding, packaging material, etc shall be collected and separated on-site from other waste sources for reuse, for use as fill, or for sale.  If not removed off site, solid waste or construction debris shall be disposed of only at sites identified and approved by the Construction Supervision Consultant and included in the solid waste plan. Under no circumstances shall the contractor dispose of any material in environmentally sensitive areas, such as in areas of natural habitat or in watercourses. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 145 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Environmental Vietnam’s and social Mitigation measures regulations issues 24. Chemical  Chemical waste of any kind shall be disposed of at an  Decision No. or approved appropriate landfill site and in accordance with 23/2006/QD- hazardous local legislative requirements. The Contractor shall obtain BTNMT with wastes needed disposal certificates. list of  The removal of asbestos-containing materials or other hazardous toxic substances shall be performed and disposed of by substance specially trained and certified workers.  Circular No.  Used oil and grease shall be removed from site and sold 12/2011/TT- to an approved used oil recycling company. BTNMT dated  Used oil, lubricants, cleaning materials, etc. from the 14 April 2011 maintenance of vehicles and machinery shall be collected in on management holding tanks and removed from site by a specialized oil of hazardous recycling company for disposal at an approved hazardous substance waste site.  Used oil or oil-contaminated materials that could potentially contain PCBs shall be securely stored to avoid any leakage or affecting workers. The Danang DONRE must be contacted for further guidance.  During the bridge construction phase, culverts welding waste should be collected as hazardous waste and sold/ collected by functional agencies treating hazardous waste.  Unused or rejected tar or bituminous products shall be returned to the supplier’s production plant.  Relevant agencies shall be promptly informed of any accidental spill or incident.  Store chemicals appropriately and with appropriate labeling  Appropriate communication and training programs should be put in place to prepare workers to recognize and respond to workplace chemical hazards  Prepare and initiate a remedial action following any spill or incident. In this case, the contractor shall provide a report explaining the reasons for the spill or incident, remedial action taken, consequences/damage from the spill, and proposed corrective actions. 25. Manageme  Dredging plan should be established including time  Decision No. nt of sludge schedule, method statement to meet the requirements of 23/2006/QD- traffic safety, public health, and environmental sanitation. BTNMT with In order to ensure dredging that is consistent with list of environmental regulations, key decision makers (local hazardous authority, DONRE, utility company, Construction substance Supervision Consultant, etc.) must be involved and concur  Decree No. in each key decision point in the process leading to 59/2007/ND-CP Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 146 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Environmental Vietnam’s and social Mitigation measures regulations issues preparation and implementation of a plan. dated 09 April  Characteristics of sludge/sediment should be 2007 on solid determined by sampling and analysis if not already fully waste evaluated during the EIA. Sludge that is heavily management contaminated would require measures that go beyond the  Decree No. scope of these ECOPs. 38/2015/ND-CP  Ensure that dredged material management plans dated 24 April incorporate environmental considerations in the 2015 on identification of short-term and long-term disposal management of alternatives, consider methods to reduce dredging, and waste and maximize the beneficial use of dredged materials. scraps.  The dredging should be implemented before water level rises.  Lixiviate from dredged materials should not be allowed to enter watercourses without appropriate filtering or treatment.  Collected dredged materials have to be processed, as per Vietnamese regulations on waste collection, to ensure safe and environmentally secure transportation, storage, treatment and management  Agencies involved in handling of sludge should be specialized and have certification of sludge handling. Guidelines for certification of sludge handling according to the Circular No. 12/2011/TT-BTNMT on management of hazardous substance.  Sanitary landfill site should meet technical requirements, based on level of potential contamination. 26. Disruption  The Contractor shall prepare a Clearance, Revegetation  Law on of and Restoration Management Plan for prior approval by the Environment vegetative Construction Engineer, following relevant regulations. The protection No. cover and Clearance Plan shall be approved by Construction 55/2014/QH13 ecological Supervision Consultant and followed strictly by contractor. resources Areas to be cleared should be minimized as much as possible.  The Contractor shall remove topsoil from all areas where topsoil will be impacted on by rehabilitation activities, including temporary activities such as storage and stockpiling, etc; the stripped topsoil shall be stockpiled in areas agreed with the Construction Supervision Consultant for later use in re-vegetation and shall be adequately protected.  The application of chemicals for vegetation clearing is not permitted. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 147 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Environmental Vietnam’s and social Mitigation measures regulations issues  Prohibit cutting of any tree unless explicitly authorized in the vegetation clearing plan.  When needed, erect temporary protective fencing to efficiently protect the preserved trees before commencement of any works within the site.  Area of potential importance as an ecological resource should not be disturbed. This could include areas of breeding or feeding of birds or animals, fish spawning areas, or any area that is protected as a green space.  The Contractor shall ensure that no hunting, trapping shooting, poisoning of fauna takes place. 27. Traffic  Before construction, carry out consultations with local  Law on traffic manageme government and community and with traffic police. and nt  Significant increases in number of vehicle trips must be transportation covered in a construction plan previously approved. No. Routing, especially of heavy vehicles, needs to take into 23/2008/QH12 account sensitive sites such as schools, hospitals, and  Law on markets. construction  Installation of lighting at night must be done if this is No.16/2003/QH necessary to ensure safe traffic circulation. 11  Place signs around the construction areas to facilitate  Circular traffic movement, provide directions to various components No.22/2010/TT- of the works, and provide safety advice and warning. BXD dated 03  Using safe traffic control measures, including Dec., 2010 on road/rivers/canal signs and flag persons to warn of labor safety dangerous conditions. during the  Avoid material transportation for construction during construction of rush hour. civil works.  Passageways for pedestrians and vehicles within and outside construction areas should be segregated and provide for easy, safe, and appropriate access. Signpost shall be installed appropriately in both water-ways and roads where necessary. 28. Interruptio  Planned and unplanned interruptions to water, gas,  Decree No. n of utility power, internet services: the Contractor must undertake 73/2010/ND-CP services prior consultation and contingency planning with local on authorities about the consequences of a particular service administrative failure or disconnection. penalization  Coordinate with relevant utility providers to establish security and appropriate construction schedules. society issues  Provide information to affected households on working schedules as well as planned disruptions (at least 5 days in advance). Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 148 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Environmental Vietnam’s and social Mitigation measures regulations issues  Interruptions of water supply to agricultural areas must also be avoided.  The contractor should ensure alternative water supply to affected residents in the event of disruptions lasting more than one day.  Any damages to existing utility systems of cable shall be reported to authorities and repaired as soon as possible. 29. Restoration  Cleared areas such as borrow pits which are no longer  Law on of affected in use, disposal areas, site facilities, workers’ camps, Environment areas stockpiles areas, working platforms and any areas protection No. temporarily occupied during construction of the project 55/2014/QH13 works shall be restored using landscaping, adequate drainage and revegetation.  Start revegetation as soon as possible. Appropriate local native species of vegetation shall be selected for the planting and restoration of the natural landforms.  Spoil heaps and excavated slopes shall be re-profiled to stable batters, and grassed to prevent erosion;  All affected areas shall be landscaped and any necessary remedial works shall be undertaken without delay, including green-spacing, roads, bridges and other existing works  Trees shall be planted at exposed land and on slopes to prevent or reduce land collapse and keep stability of slopes  Soil contaminated with chemicals or hazardous substances shall be removed and transported and buried in waste disposal areas.  Restore all damaged road and bridges caused by project activities. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 149 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Environmental Vietnam’s and social Mitigation measures regulations issues 30. Worker  Contractor shall comply with all Vietnamese  Circular No. and public regulations regarding worker safety. 22/2010/TT- Safety  Prepare and implement action plan to cope with risk and BXD dated 03 emergency December 2010  Preparation of emergency aid service at construction on regulation of site construction  Training workers on occupational safety regulations safety  Ensure that ear pieces are provided to and used by  Directive No. workers who must use noisy machines such as piling, 02 /2008/CT- explosion, mixing, etc., for noise control and workers BXD on safety protection. and sanitation  During demolition of existing infrastructure, workers issues in and the general public must be protected from falling debris construction by measures such as chutes, traffic control, and use of agencies restricted access zones.  TCVN 5308-91:  Install fences, barriers, dangerous warning/prohibition Technical site around the construction area which showing potential regulation on danger to public people safety in  The contractor shall provide safety measures as construction installation of fences, barriers warning signs, lighting  Decision No. system against traffic accidents as well as other risk to 96/2006/QD- people and sensitive areas. TTg dated 04  If previous assessments indicate there could be May 2006 on unexploded ordnance (UXO), clearance must be done by management qualified personnel and as per detailed plans approved by and the Construction Engineer. implementation of bomb mine explosive material disposal. 31. Communic  Maintain open communications with the local  Decree No. ation with government and concerned communities; the contractor 73/2010/ND-CP local shall coordinate with local authorities (leaders of local on communitie wards or communes, leader of villages) for agreed administrative s schedules of construction activities at areas nearby sensitive penalization places or at sensitive times (e.g., religious festival days). security and  Copies in Vietnamese of these ECOPs and of other society issues relevant environmental safeguard documents shall be made available to local communities and to workers at the site.  Reduced playground space, loss of playing fields and car parking: The loss of amenities during the construction process is often an unavoidable source of inconvenience to users in sensitive areas. However, early consultation with Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 150 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Environmental Vietnam’s and social Mitigation measures regulations issues those affected, provides the opportunity to investigate and implement alternatives.  Disseminate project information to affected parties (for example local authority, enterprises and affected households, etc) through community meetings before construction commencement;  Provide a community contact channel from whom interested parties can receive information on site activities, project status and project implementation results;  Provide all information, especially technical findings, in a language that is understandable to the general public and in a form of useful to interested citizens and elected officials through the preparation of fact sheets and news release, when major findings become available during project phase;  Monitor concerns and requirements of community;  Respond to inquiries by telephone and in writing in a timely and accurate manner;  Inform local residents about construction and work schedules, interruption of services, traffic detour routes and provisional bus routes, blasting and demolition, as appropriate;  Provide technical documents and drawings to community, especially a sketch of the construction area and the EMP of the construction site;  Notification boards shall be erected at all construction sites providing information about the project, as well as contact information about the site managers, environmental staff, health and safety staff, telephone numbers and other contact information so that any affected people can have the channel to voice their concerns and suggestions. 32. Chance If the Contractor discovers archeological sites, historical  Law on Cultural find sites, remains and objects, including graveyards and/or Heritage procedures individual graves during excavation or construction, the 32/2009/QH12 Contractor shall:  Law on amending  Stop the construction activities in the area of the chance and find; supplementing a  Delineate the discovered site or area; number of articles  Secure the sites to prevent any damage or loss of of Law on removable objects. In cases of removable antiquities or Cultural Heritage sensitive remains, a night guard shall be arranged until the 28/2001/QH10 responsible local authorities or the Department of Culture,  Decree No. Sports and Tourism takes over; 98/2010/ND-CP Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 151 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Environmental Vietnam’s and social Mitigation measures regulations issues  Notify the Construction Supervision Consultant who in dated 21/09/2010 turn will notify responsible local or national authorities in of the charge of the Cultural Property of Viet Nam (within 24 Government on hours or less); implementing a  Relevant local or national authorities would be in number of articles charge of protecting and preserving the site before deciding of Law on on subsequent appropriate procedures. This would require a cultural heritage preliminary evaluation of the findings to be performed. The and Law on significance and importance of the findings should be amendment and assessed according to the various criteria relevant to supplementation cultural heritage; those include the aesthetic, historic, of a number of scientific or research, social and economic values; articles of Law on  Decisions on how to handle the finding shall be taken cultural heritage. by the responsible authorities. This could include changes in the layout (such as when finding an irremovable remain of cultural or archeological importance) conservation, preservation, restoration and acquisition;  If the cultural sites and/or relics are of high value and site preservation is recommended by the professionals and required by the cultural relics authority, the Project’s Owner will need to make necessary design changes to accommodate the request and preserve the site;  Decisions concerning the management of the finding shall be communicated in writing by relevant authorities;  Construction works could resume only after permission is granted from the responsible local authorities concerning protection of the heritage. 6.1.2. Site-specific impact mitigation measures The table below presents site-specific impacts and mitigation measures that are not presented fully in ECOPs. This may be because the impact is not a typical one and not included in ECOPs (because the severity of the impacts goes beyond the scope of the mitigation measures in the ECOPs, or because simply of the very specific nature of the mitigation measures that are needed). Table 6-2: The site specific impacts and mitigation measures for each position Detailed design phase Impacts:  Risks of local flooding during the construction and operations  Impacts on traffic safety  Risk of hill landslide in the process of construction and operation Mitigation  Ensure that designing of Road DH2 takes into account suitable ground measures: elevation to adapt to climate change impacts under scenarios that MONRE forecasted, especially in cases where heavy rains occur and prolong, Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 152 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP combined with high tides and sea level rise causing flooding.  For the section through the area of low hills, risk of local prone- landslides area at some point may occur, but will be overcome in the process of the survey of design / construction consultants. The area will be changed or reinforced with assured ground, taking into the embankment if needed  Ensure temporary box culverts to be installed for any natural flow that works passes over.  At-grade or grade intersections with National highway 14B, Hoang Van Thai road, provincial road DT602 and DT604) should be designed reasonably to ensure synchronized traffic and prevent the risk of traffic accidents that might occur.  Detailed design includes full items for ensuring traffic safety, including signs, lightings and lane lines. Implementation Conditions of contracts, specifications mentioned in TOR and Bidding mechanism documents for Design Consultant Responsible by PMU/ Detailed design consultant Monitored by PMU, Department of Construction Funding source IDA Pre-construction phase Mitigation  Implement the approved RAP in accordance with correspondent measures: provisions. Implementation The approved RAP mechanism Responsible by PMU Funding source Dang city Monitored by Independent monitoring consultant Construction phase Impacts during the relocation of electric poles Impacts  Impacts on safety, electricity supply suspension due to relocation of electric poles Mitigation  Prepare plans for dismantling and notify the people, production facilities measures around the area of the dismantling time and electricity supply suspension.  Coordinate with the relevant authorities in the dismantling, proper use of specialized workers for the dismantling to avoid risks. Implementation Conditions of contracts, specifications, combined with conditions in ECOPs mechanism Responsible by Contractor coordinates with local electricity units Monitored by PMU/ Construction Supervision Consultant, Local Electricity Company. Funding source IDA Impacts during the construction and improvement of Road DH2 Impacts:  Site clearance includes cleaning trees and vegetable cover beyond right of way of the construction site.  Large amount of land required to fill up the roadbed.  Blocked natural flows  Danger in the construction site for residential areas and other areas outside Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 153 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP the construction site.  Vibration from machinery causes damage to adjacent buildings.  Concrete and asphalt mixing plants (if being built at the site) will generate exhaust gas and wastewater, leading to pollution. Mitigation  Ensure that contractors prepare and implement the site-specific measures environmental management plan (as required in the contract) for each aspect of the works - site clearance, earthworks, temporary and long term drainage, sidewalk paving, site and traffic safety. Namely, in addition to the generic requirements set out in ECOPs, it is required to: - Ensure not cut trees outside the right of way. - Ensure that from starting the construction, the drainage is prioritized. Drainage system consists of drains, sand traps and flow reduction structure, etc. - Ensure that material mines to be exploited, operated, closed and restored in manner for excavation positions in the project works and included in requirements of the contracts and the Environmental Management Plan (EMP). - Ensure that the road base is built systematically to avoid repeated transportation and stable construction surface right after completion. - Ensure that protection measures to be determined in the contract, including natural methods such as planting grass, shrubs and artificial measures such as stone paving, concreting, reinforced fiber or geo-textile fabric suitably with the conditions in the construction site when the construction process is on-going or completed. - Ensure temporary box culverts to be installed for any natural flow that works passes over. - Ensure that equipment of repairing machines and warehouses of materials and machines, such as material processing factory located in the positions far from canals, ditches, rivers, streams, residential areas and other sensitive areas. - Ensure that all drivers and operators of machines must be qualified and have certification of practices and trained and comply with the traffic management plan. - Ensure that machines such as concrete and asphalt mixing plant to be equipped with dust collection system, to be operated and maintained according to standards and connected with canals, ditches to sediment and waste collection holes, traps for preliminary wastewater treatment. - Gathering machinery, materials, mixing must put away from the location, sensitive projects such as schools, churches, temples on the route. Construction activities must be calculated so as not to affect the festivals, religious activities - The gathering of machinery, materials, batching must be put away from the location, sensitive works such as schools, churches, temples on the route. Construction activities must be calculated so as not to affect the festivals, religious activities Implementation Conditions of contracts, specifications, combined with conditions in ECOPs mechanism Responsible by Contractor Funding source IDA Monitored by Monitoring Consultant/ PMU Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 154 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Operation phase Impacts:  Increased traffic accidents due to higher standards allow rapider and more traffic.  Sidewalk, road-base slope and drainage system is damaged early due to inadequate maintenance.  Road pavement damage due to overload transportation of trucks.  Local flooding. Mitigation  Ensure that traffic safety conditions, including signs, lights and lane measures markings to be installed during the construction will be maintained effectively and long-term and replaced, if necessary.  Ensure that the city’s operation and maintenance plan and related budget shall be considered adequately to keep original status of road.  Ensure that with the support of traffic management agency, overload trucks will not be allowed to travel on road.  The intersections with canals/ditches will be returned by culverts with similar dimensions. Implementation The City’s operation and maintenance plan mechanism Responsible by Danang city Urban Highway Maintenance Company Funding source Danang city Monitored by Danang city 6.2. Roles and Responsibilities of Stakeholders The environmental management requires the involvement of several stakeholders with different roles and responsibilities to ensure that adverse impacts are minimized during the implementation of the project. Stakeholders mainly involve the Project Management Unit (PMU), the agency in charge of environmental management under the PMU, the Environmental Supervision Engineers under the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) and the External Monitoring Consultant (EMC) as well as the Construction Contractor. The relations among stakeholders related to the environmental management of the project are shown in the figure bellowed: Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 155 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Departments and CPC of State agencies Danang DOT PMU EMD General control Local authority Utility company CONSTRUCTION, (water supply and MITIGATION drainage, urban MEASURES environment, CSC Communi ty irrigation works) Responsible line Cooperation line Independent Environmental monitoring consultant (IEMC) Figure 6-2: Environmental Management System during the Construction Roles and responsibilities of stakeholders in the environmental monitoring system are presented in table below: Table 6-3: Roles and Responsibilities of Stakeholders in Environmental Monitoring System No. Agency/Unit Responsibilities 1 SCDP - PMU The PMU will be in charge of monitoring and managing daily, including finding, signing the Contract on behalf of the DOT. The PMU will be responsible for financing environmental activities during the construction and operation. PMU will coordinate with local authorities; promote the participation of community during the project preparation and implementation. The PMU will be responsible for reporting the environmental management to the DONRE. To achieve effectiveness during the implementation, the PMU will arrange an environmental management system that is presented in the diagram in name of Environmental management system - PMU. 2 Environmental This will be in charge of environmental management and management established internally in the PMU and led by a director and some department (EMD) non-specialized staff of various departments. This department under the will be responsible for monitoring the compliance with WB’s management of environmental safeguard policies in all stages, processed and all PMU project items such as procurement, entering into construction contract, consultancy contract, reviewing reports, extraordinary field check, governing departments and solving incidents related Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 156 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP No. Agency/Unit Responsibilities to environmental management. This department will advise the leader of the PMU about environmental issues to ensure that the project meets requirements of WB’s environmental safeguard policy. 3 Construction CSC will be responsible for monitoring and observing the supervision construction activities and ensure the Contractor’s compliance consultant (CSC) with contractual requirements and EMP. CSC will mobilize fully qualified staff (such as Environment Engineer), specializing in environmental protection and construction project management for conducting responsibilities and monitoring the Contractor’s activities. Term of reference for CSC will be designated in the Contract signed between CSC and PMU. 4 Contractor On the basis of the approved EMP, the Contractor will be responsible for preparing EMP for each construction site, submitting and receiving opinions from stakeholders, completing for approval and implementing. In addition, the construction activities will be granted with permits (traffic control and divergence, road excavation, labor safety, permit for yard of waste soil) in accordance with current regulations. The Contractor will appoint Safe and Environment Officers (SEO) who will be responsible for monitoring the contractor’s compliance with requirements in EMP and environmental technical parameters. The EMP (approved) and relevant documents will be base of later management and monitoring. 5 Local authorities Local authorities in charge of local administrative management and affected shall be responsible for appointing officers to manage/monitor communities project’s activities, ensure absolute safety during the construction. Local authorities will organize, promote democracy, and monitor residents through arranging the community monitoring staff, establishing the mechanism of monitoring and reporting of mitigation measures of environmental impacts, labor safety, environmental sanitation and related issues. Representatives of community and local authorities will be supported by consulting firms of the PMU. 6 Independent EMC is professional and experienced in environmental Environmental management. To extent of the Contract, EMC will support the monitoring PMU in establishing and operating the environmental consultant (EMC) management system, recommending adjustments and capacity building for stakeholders during the implementation and Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 157 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP No. Agency/Unit Responsibilities monitoring of the Contractor’s compliance with the environmental management during the construction and commission, periodic monitoring in the construction phase. EMC will be responsible for supporting the PMU in preparing the EMP monitoring reports to submit the DONRE for approval. With knowledge and experience in environmental monitoring and auditing, implementation periodical monitoring in the process of construction.. EMC will provide professional, objective and independent instructions in environmental activities of the project. To minimize conflicts in rights, EMC will not be agency in charge of implementing EMP and independent of DOT, PMU, EMD or CSC. 7 Department of DONRE, acting a role of state management for environment, Natural Resources DONRE will be responsible for receiving and verifying EMP and Environment submitted by PMU. In case of any arisen issues, DONRE will (DONRE) participate directly in consideration and handling related issues, minimize damages during the project implementation. 8 Department of DOT, in coordination with DONRE, will regularly inspect the Transport (DOT) contractor’s activities in accordance with current regulations. Especially, focusing on issues such as fence and signs, cleaning- up outside fence, road excavation, movement of vehicles, etc. 9 Danang City Coordinating with the relevant Departments to investigate, Environmental control and resolve serious environmental violations. Especially, Police Department handling serious violations, monitoring and finding out responsibilities of stakeholders and resolving serious environmental incidents 10 Utility companies Coordinate with PMU and construction contractors to move (electricity, water submerged pipelines, temporarily connect utility services at supply, water proposed locations to ensure the continuity of basic service drainage, provision to ensure daily life of local people. telecommunication) Resolve related accidents (electric cable fire or explosion, water pipeline break-through) 6.3. Monitoring the compliance with mitigation measures The environmental monitoring program includes monitoring the compliance with mitigation measures and environmental quality monitoring. Types of monitoring are shown below: 6.3.1. Monitoring the compliance with mitigation measures Monitoring tasks of the Contractor and CSC, IEMC will be identified in the term of reference and contract will be approved by the World Bank. CSC shall be responsible for submitting the monthly report on environmental issues, actions and updated monitoring Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 158 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP results. Basing on the monthly reports and field surveys, the IEMC shall be responsible for preparing and submitting the semi-annual reports to the PMU for summarizing environmental issues and mitigation measures to be implemented. The quarterly report prepared by PMU includes: - The priority isssues list is identified in the previous monitoring report. - Measures taken by the Contractor for solving all issues arising. - Outstanding issues and propose solutions and explanation of force majure. The IEMC shall provide technical assistance and guidelines for the PMU and CSC for supporting them in monitoring the mitigation measures and submitting relevant reports. 6.3.2. Monitoring of environmental quality The Environmental Monitoring Program is carried out in 3 phases of the project: Pre- construction (baseline environment); construction and operation (one first year of project operation). Furthermore, CMC and SEO will monitor daily and observing noise. IEMC will carry out periodical monitoring for sampling and analysis in laboratory as presented in the table bellowed. The monitoring positions are selected based on the construction progress and monitoring time. The table belowed presents overview on the environmental monitoring program of the project during the construction and operation of the road: Table 6-4: Parameters to be monitored during the project implementation Detailed No. of Applicable Items Positions Frequency monitoring samples standards I Construction phase Air quality Parameters to be - At 3 positions as Every 6 months 3 QCVN monitoring monitored as in Table 2.5 (air samples 05:2013/BTNMT follows: sampling) - Noise LAeq QCVN - Total 26:2010/BTNMT suspended particle TSP - Respiratory dust (PM10) - SO2 - CO - NO2 Monitor The monitoring At 2 locations: Periodically 3 2 QCVN surface parameters : - Surface water of months/ time samples 08:2008- water pH, TSS, DO, Tuy Loan River is BTNMT quality at BOD5, COD, near Gang Bridge Tuy Loan NH4, NO3, - Surface water at River PO4, total stream across DH2 grease, road, intersecting Coliform… with Ba Na- Suoi Mo road Wastewater Parameters to be - At the positions 4 QCVN Every 6 months quality monitored: of discharging samples 14:2008/BTNMT Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 159 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Detailed No. of Applicable Items Positions Frequency monitoring samples standards monitoring - pH construction and - TSS domestic - BOD5 wastewater at the - H2S site (4 positions). - NO3-, PO43- - At upstream and - Oil, grease downstream of Tuy - Coliform Loan River, section through Hoa Nhon commune II Operation phase Air Parameters to be - At the 6 QCVN Every 6 months monitored: intersection samples 05:2013/BTNMT - Noise between road DH2 after operation of (within 2 - TSP and NH 14B, the project years) QCVN - SO2 provincial road 26:2010/BTNMT - CO DT602, Hoang Van - NO2 Thai road, and some residential areas along the road (3 positions). To ensure objectivity, science and reality of impacts during the project implementation (both positive and negative impacts), the environmental monitoring program shall be adjusted from time to time suitably with the site reality and project progress. Positions of observation points will be established on the basis of reference to observation position map established in the preparation of EIA report. In case the project is commenced for 1 year (since the time of approving EIA report, the observation data can be directly used as baseline data. 6.3.3. Monitoring reporting system To ensure efficiency of information exchange, developing monitoring database of the implementing mitigation measures and efficiency of EMP, a standard reporting system at levels will be necessary. Form, frequency and responsibility for reporting are shown in the table bellowed: Table 6-5: Environmental Monitoring Reporting System Level 2 Issues to be No. Level 1 (a copy must be Level 3 reported submitted to DONRE) I. Construction phase 1 Implementation Implementing agency: Implementing agency: Implementing of mitigation Contractor PMU agency: MUDP measure in the Frequency of reporting: Frequency of reporting: Frequency of site Monthly every 3 months reporting: every 3 Submitting to: PMU Submitting to: MUDP months Submitting to: WB Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 160 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Level 2 Issues to be No. Level 1 (a copy must be Level 3 reported submitted to DONRE) 2 Monitoring Implementing agency: Implementing agency: Implementing HSET (health Construction supervision PMU agency: MUDP safety, consultant (CSC) Frequency of reporting: Frequency of environment Frequency of reporting: every 3 months reporting: every 3 and transport) Monthly - Quarterly Submitting to: MUDP months Submitting to: PMU Submitting to: WB Implementing agency: Implementing agency: Community monitoring Local authorities team Frequency of reporting: Frequency of reporting: Any time if there are Monthly issues needed to be Submitting to: Local reflected authorities Submitting to: PMU Implementing agency: IEMC Frequency of reporting: every 3 months Submitting to: MUDP II. Operation phase 1 Environmental Implementing agency: Implementing agency: Implementing monitoring and Urban management staff – Local authorities agency: District safety Commune People’s (commune level) People’s Committee. Frequency of reporting: Committee Frequency of reporting: every 6 months Frequency of monthly Submitting to: People’s reporting: Yearly Submitting to: Leaders of Committee of Hoa Vang Submitting to: project communes district DOC, CPC 2 Monitoring Implementing regional agency: DONRE environment Frequency of reporting: Yearly Submitting to: Dang CPC 6.4. Compliance framework A compliance framework is based on the environmental requirements established in the EMP and environmental specifications included in bidding documents (will be strictly enforced by CMC). Minor and major infringements will be determined according to the following categorization table: Table 6-6: Category of Infringement & Remediation Category of infringement Definition Remediation Minor infringement Incident which causes Minor clean up operations temporary but reversible damage to the environment, Adjustments/eliminations community property and to construction practices people. Compliance with EMP Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 161 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Major Infringement Incident where there is long- Major clean-up operation term or irreversible damage to Major restoration the environment, community requiring engineering property and people measures. Major restoration of community property. Compensation to affected communities or persons. For minor infringements which cause temporary but reversible damage, the Contractor will be given a reasonable period of time to remediate the problem and to restore the environment. If restoration is done satisfactorily during this period, no further actions will be taken. If restoration action is not done during this period, the PMU will immediately arrange for another contractor to do the restoration, and deduct the cost from the offending contractor’s next payment. For major infringements which cause long-term or irreversible damages, there will be a financial penalty in addition to the cost for restoration activities. To minimize the damages, the restoration activities will be implemented without delay. The compliance framework will be applied as follows: - The CMC will identify or be notified of an infringement (community member, local - authority) - The CMC in consultation with stakeholders will assess whether it is a minor or major infringement. For minor infringements: - The CMC will establish the required mitigation measures, and maximum time period of 05 days to remedy the situation. - The CMC will review the recommendations and confirm (i) the level of infringement (minor/major); (ii) the mitigation measures; and (iii) the mitigation time period. If Chief Consultant does not agree these infringements, he/she will work with the PMU to reach mutually acceptable consensus. - Contractor will be informed of the infringement, the required mitigation measures, and period for remedying incidents. - The Contractor shall remedy the infringements in accordance with the recommendations within the agreed period. - The CMC shall confirm the infringement which is satisfactorily remedied in the predetermined period and respond to local authorities/community. - If the infringement is not remedied satisfactorily in the predetermined period, the PMU shall immediately arrange for a separate contractor to undertake the necessary works and the related costs shall be deducted from the next installment to the offending contractor. For major infringements: - The CMC shall immediately inform the PMU of the incident. - The PMU shall inform the local authorities if appropriate. - The PMU, in consultation with the CMC and other local authorities as appropriate, shall agree upon mitigation measures and clean up measures to be undertaken immediately by the contractor or by specialists to be employed at the contractor’s expense. To minimize the environmental impacts, the restoration activities should be completed within ten days. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 162 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP - The PMU shall apply a financial penalty, not to exceed 1% of the contract value, for each major infringement, in addition to any costs associated with the infringement not borne by the contractor. - Any conflicts between the Contractor and CMC shall be resolved by the PMU. 6.5. Capacity building program The capacity building program for the road DH2 project is a part of the capacity building program of the SCDP. The actual implementation of the project showed that the coordination in environmental management is implemented with highest efficiency for following reasons: - Lack of uniform coordination mechanism which is established firstly between the PMU and relevant agencies, especially in local authorities at project wards/communes level. - Local staffs are not familiar with procedures of a funded-project but follow procedures of domestic projects with the limited participation. - The community’s awareness on rights and responsibilities for environmental protection is still limited or lack of a mechanism or specific tool for feedback. - Relevant agencies are not actively willing to coordinate for implementing the project. Some agencies assigned their staff to follow up or coordinate with the project but in temporary manner because they are not familiar with coordination method and required procedures for exchange and coordination with the PMU. To overcome these issues, analysis and evaluation of capability and demands of relevant agencies in the environmental management system (EMS), analysis of actual demands during project implementation is necessary. Table 6-7: Analysis and determination of training demands Preliminary assessment on Capacity building/training on No. Subject capability/awareness environmental management 1 Functional Most staff have - Need to be provided with project staff of university/post university information and operation regime of relevant public education level. EMS, contact clues, and cooperation utility There are many WB funded mechanism between relevant companies project executed in Danang agencies. city. Companies are quite - Need to be provided with detailed familiar with requirement requirements on and procedure of WB’s roles/responsibilities of these project. companies during coordination process on environmental management and solving arising environmental incidents. 2 Environmental Have most staff with - Should increase awareness on management university/post university critical roles of EMS team - PMU education, thus it is easy to - Should provide with more them to comprehend new knowledge/legal regulations related contents. to penalty for violations on the Having working experiences environment. in previous project but have - Should be provided with treatment not gone into details of the solutions for arising problems on Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 163 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Preliminary assessment on Capacity building/training on No. Subject capability/awareness environmental management environmental field. site. Have basic knowledge in - Add more human resources to information technology, ensure the effective implementation thus, it will be convenient in wide scale of project area. for data management and - Set up a program for site information process as well supervision regularly (at least once a as cooperation with other month) agencies. - Required to participate in regular meetings (monthly) with CMC and Contractor. 3 Representative Apart from some central - Should be provided with of local wards which participated in preliminary knowledge on authorities many infrastructure projects, environmental laws and contents other wards/communes have related to coordination in monitoring not been made sufficiently among ward/commune authorities in clear and understood about projects which are executed in the the project process. areas. Computer skills are quite - Should be trained on community good. Remote contact and monitoring. information exchange via - Should have updated information email are applied. on project progress and monitoring Awareness on community and information exchange regime. organization and monitoring - Especially, environmental is not clear. Community management process should be made organization and monitoring clear and comprehended before, have only been implemented during and after construction. for small projects which are - Need to be updated regularly on invested by residents. site issues (with the participation in Have no experience in the official meetings) community monitoring on large scale. 4 Community’s - Not been established in the - Should be provided with rights and representatives local area, thus participants responsibilities in environmental have not been determined management (as well as legal - Most project areas are rural regulations.) urbanizing with cultivation - Should be provided with simple works. Education is limited and official methods to be applied and working style is during project implementation primarily spontaneous. process. - Income of residents if not - Raise the awareness of community high; infrastructure system is on environmental management not sufficient; awareness on generally and potential impacts of rights and responsibilities of the project in particular. individuals and community - Continuously utilize project on environmental issues are information and important points in limited. EMS as well as operation regime. 5 Contractor - Contractor’s leaders are - Should learn about environmental qualified and experienced law and focus on contents related to staffs who are competent in roles of local authority and legal regulations. community supervisors. - Periodically organize - Should comprehend environmental Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 164 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Preliminary assessment on Capacity building/training on No. Subject capability/awareness environmental management training courses on management process following environmental sanitation and requirements of WB’s safeguard labor safety. policies (for example, participation - Most Contractors consider of EMC, implementation of HSET environmental issues to arise process). costs and do not want to However, for contractors, these implement them. requirements will be followed - Awareness of Contractors through project documents and on environmental issues specific criteria in bidding during construction is documents as well as construction limited. contract. - Not have staff specialized in/trained on environmental management. Based on an analysis of current capabilities, experiences and actual demands in project implementation, a capacity building and training program for relevant agencies is established as shown in the table below: Table 6-8: Proposed programs on capacity building on environmental management Training Subject to be No. of Training Organization unit Budget content trained trainees time Training on Workers and All Prior to Contractor in Paid by labor safety technical staff workers construction coordination with Contractor and of Contractor and staff and Institute of Labor, environmental on site following War Invalid and sanitation legal Social Affairs regulations Learning on Staff of PMU 4 trainees Prior to PMU in Included in general and public construction coordination with EMC environmental utility EMC contract management companies package process Learning on Environmental 1 district Prior to PMU in Included in CEMP staff under staff and construction coordination with EMC process ward PC in 2x10 EMC contract the project commune area staffs SEMP CMC’s staff 5 - 10 Prior to PMU in EMC Learning on in charge of trainees construction coordination with SEMP environmental EMC sanitation 6.6. Cost estimate 6.6.1. Cost for implementing mitigation measures Subject to the provisions in Vietnam laws, construction contractors must ensure the safety system of four basic criteria, including: Health, Safety, Environment and Transportation Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 165 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP The cost for the organization, training, communication, procurement and operation of equipments, manpower deployment, management etc. for the implementation of mitigation measures in and out of the site has been integrated in the construction package. The construction contractor will be responsible for research, plan and provide estimates for these activities. This will be one of the criteria to assess the capacity of the construction contractor as well as the basis for assessing the compliance of the construction contractor. In case of violations, the owner may deduct fines and hire another company to participate in solving problems raised. Table 6-9: Cost estimate of typical mitigation measures of the Contractor Mitigation measures Cost estimate - Place tanks for storing temporary domestic - 200,000VND/tank x 15 construction sites solid waste (100 liter tank/site) = VND 3,000,000 - Watering twice a day to minimize dust in - 2 m3/time x 2 times/day x 5,000đ/m3 x 4 the yard of materials and construction waste. months x 26 days/month = VND 2,080,000 - Spray anti-odor EM (Effective Micro- - 12,687m3 x 10,000VND/liter of EM x organism) with one liter solution of EM/10m3 1l/10m3 = VND 12,687,000 of sludge - Sign contract with Danang URENCO for - 12,687m3 x 10,000 VND/m3 = VND collecting and treatment at the landfill. 126,870,000 - Purchase portable toilets - VND 14,500,000 x 5 units = VND 72,500,000 (unit price according to current market price) - Carry out preliminary survey for whole - VND 10,000,000/building x 6 buildings = road and survey for 6 weak-structure VND 60,000,000 buildings along the road (pulse position) - Cost estimate and take remedy technical - VND 80,000,000 (contingency) measures (within 5 days upon receipt of feedbacks) before construction commencement. - Spreading lime powder on surface of yards - 27.408,3 m3 of sludge x 1kg/1m3 x of sludge dredging and excavation (average 1.200VND/1kg = VND 32.889.960 1kg/1m3) - 71.566,98 m3 of excavated soil x 1kg/1m3 x 1.200đ/1kg = VND 85.880.376 - Average one pump and 100m flexible tube - Pump: 15.000.000VND/pcs 20 /site of temporary drainage - Flexible tube: 100.000VND/m x 100m = VND 10.000.000 - Average 25.000VND/site - Arrange 2 staffs to present regularly at - 2 staffs/site during the construction phase intersections for traffic direction and x 2.000.000VND/person/month divergence - Regularly consolidate the temporary road in - Consolidation cost (rolling, spreading two side of site for convenient travelling ballast and compaction) 3.000.000 VND/road/month - Inform construction schedule at the - Estimate 50,000 VND/site sensitive site and ensure progress. - Install road signs, beacons, arrange measure to ensure traffic safety and labor safety in accordance with regulations. (Note: Cost estimate for each mitigation measure) Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 166 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 6.6.2. Cost for Implementing Environmental Monitoring/Supervision Program Cost of regular monitoring of Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) The contractor participating in the bidding package for CSC shall propose the organization of monitoring of the implementation of mitigation measures. CSC will be required to present their staff and specific working plan to manage the environmental hygiene and occupational safety on and around the site. Cost for this task will be proposed in the contract for CSC. Cost of Operation of Community-based Monitoring System As a rule of law in Vietnam, community monitoring system will be mainly engaged in the form of voluntary and there is no funding to support and through the Fatherland Front of the ward/commune. The community organizations will receive support from the PMU through the Capacity Building program, providing the records, papers, and forms necessary for the effective supervision Monitoring Cost of External Monitoring Consultant (EMC) MUDP will contract with the EMC during construction of the project. EMC will deploy task for all components under TOR requirements. Cost of implementing monitoring programs Based on the scheduled monitoring program, cost for monitoring will be presented in the table below. Table 6-10: Monitoring cost during the construction phase Frequency Unit Price Amount No. Sample Quantity (times) (VND) (VND) 1 Air environment 3 samples 02 1,710,000 10,260,000 2 Surface water 4 samples 04 1,080,000 17,280,000 Surface water 3 2 samples 02 1.594.000 3,188,000 environment 4 Hiring car for sampling 2 days 02 2,000,000 8,000,000 5 Other costs 2,000,000 Total 40,728,000 The implementation of monitoring in the construction phase conducted by EMC, will be negotiated, expanded contract with EMC of the whole current SCDP project. Table 6-11: Monitoring cost during the operation phase Frequency Price Amount No. Sample Quantity (times) (VND) (VND) 24 samples (6 Every 6 months positions x 2 1 Air environment (2 years = 4 1,710,000 41,040,000 times x 2 years) times) Hiring car for 3 16,000,000 sampling 4 Other costs 2,000,000 Total 59,040,000 Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 167 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Cost for environmental monitoring/observation in the two operating first years will be paid by Danang Bridge and Road Management Company. Then, the Environmental Monitoring Program may be included in the annual environmental monitoring program of Danang city Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 168 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP CHAPTER 7: PUBLIC CONSULTATION Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 169 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 7.1. Objectives of Public Consultation  The consultation with the participation of local authorities and local people in the project site during preparation and implementation of EIA to provide essential information for further understanding about the project, impacts of the project implementation and potential mitigation measures for the project;  Clarify issued discussed in the beginning period of the project;  Inform profits achieved when the project is implemented;  Provide subsidy for the project, state responsibilities and awareness of stakeholders, beneficiary people in the project site during the project implementation;  Encourage the community participation in determining the environmental impacts of the project.  Collect information about demands as well as correspondences of local people and authorities in the construction and recommendation in order to mitigate environmental impacts or considering adjustment in the engineering design stage  The World Bank’s operational policy (OP 4.01) on environmental impact assessment requires the affected people groups and local authorities to be provided with notification and consultation during the preparation of EIA. 7.2. Consultation and Information Dissemination 7.2.1. Public Consultation with Community in the project area During the period from 11th to `12th of June 2014, the Consultant coordinated with Danang SCDP - PMU to conduct the public consultations in 2 project communes ( including the representative of village head and affected households by the project) in project area. Consultation with affected communes by the road, namely: - The villages in Hoa Nhon commune: Phuong Hung, Thach Nham Tay, Thai Lai, Phuoc Thai. The number of households taking part in consultation: 27hh - The villages in Hoa Son commune : Xuan Phu, Phu Ha, Tuy Son, Phu Thuong. The number of households taking part in consultation: 18hh The public consultation is to inform the local people of the project and consult them on project policies and their entitlements. Consultant also informs them of potential environmental negative impacts during the project implementation and proposed mitigation measures. The detailed consultation plan is shown in Table below: Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 170 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Table 7-1. Plan of Public Consultation about EIA No. Location Contents People’s Participation: Committee of - Representative of Da Nang SCDP PMU Hoa Nhon - Representative of local authorities 1 commune - Representative of social organizations at local ( Women's (11 June 2015) Association, Farmer Association 27 hh Vietnamese Fatherland Front) - Representative of household in project area People’s Part 1: Consultant’s introduction about the Project 2 Committee of - Introduction of the project: overview on project, investment Hoa Son purposes and alignment options crossing 2 communes. commune - Environmental impact assessment: including the (12 June 2015) environmental impacts arising and proposed mitigation 18 hh measures, management model and implementation plan. - Resettlement Plan: including the impacts of land acquisition, site clearance compensation, and introducing the resettlement sites of the project. Part 2: Discussion - the parties contribute ideas to finish the proposed plans, the contents focus on: - Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Plan for the project area. - Resettlement plan and local people’s needs of life restoration support, resettlement (survey by questionnaire). - All comments will be incorporated in Resettlement Action Plan and Environmental Management Plan before submitting to the relevant agencies for consideration and approval. Consultation at Phu Thuong Cathedral: When implementing the project, a part of fence of Phu Thuong cathedral will be affected. Consultant unit and representatives of PMU implemented consultation with representatives of Cathedral- Chau Ngoc Minh Vicar ( Minute is attached at annex of the report). Representative of Cathedral agreed and supported for the project implementation, however, he suggested that: - Adjustment alignment in order for Cathedral not to be affected.( avoid affecting main Cathedral’s gate), road should be widen according to opposite location of Cathedral. - Dong house is opposite to the cathedral( residence of Vicar) will be affected on fence when adjusting alignment. Chau Ngoc Minh Vicar agreed and supported for this change ( please see minutes attached at annex of the report). The Client and design unit got Chau Ngoc Minh Vicar’s comments and researched, calculated plan according to Vicar’s proposal at the same time. 7.2.2. Consultation with Local Authorities Pursuant to the Government’s Decree No. 18/2015/ND-CP on strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan, the Client shall conduct consultations to collect comments from the local authorities – the Ward People’s Committee and Fatherland Front. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 171 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP EIA consultant coordinated with the Client’s representative – PIIP PMU to send the Dispatch No. 570/BQL-NV dated 05 June 2015 on consultation during the preparation of EIA of the project and attach the Executive Summary of EIA report, including EMP to the People’s Committees of two project communes. So far, the Project Owner received correspondence dispatches from these two communes. 7.3. Results of Public Consultation 7.3.1. Results of Public Consultation in the project area Before conducting consultation in 2 affected communes, Da Nang SCDP PMU sent summary report of EIA projects, drafts to Hoa Nhon and Hoa Son People’s Committee to get comments from local authorities and citizen. On the other hand, through two rounds of consultations hold in Hoa Nhon and Hoa Son People’s Committee on 11th and 12th June 2015, the Consulting firm and the Project Owner recognized more comments from residents regarding the upgrading and improvement of the Road DH2. Main comments of community and feedbacks from the Client are summarized in the table bellowed: Table 7-2: Results/ Opinions collected in the Public Consultations No. Commune Issues/status Recommendations of Feedbacks of PMU community - Issues related to - Request the - the PMU and Contractor waste and Client/Contractor to will coordinate with the environmental prepare the plan to local authorities to ensure sanitation in the minimize impacts from to avoid issues related to project area during waste, domestic environmental pollution the construction. wastewater to the ambient during the project environment. Prepare implementation. methods of shielding for Consultant will vehicles of transporting incorporate this content materials. into EMP, EIA of the project and take proper mitigation measures. Hoa Nhon 1 - Expansion and - Appropriate and timely - PMU will ensure the commune upgrading of the compensation and site compensation, site Road DH2 will clearance assistance for clearance to be affect housing and people to stabilize their implemented in on-land life. accordance with the architectural current regulations of the facilities of the State, CPC and Donor. local people. - The head section - The Client should study - PMU recorded opinions of the project is direction of flood drainage of local people and will located in Hoa in rainy season to take request the design Nhon commune suitable design alternatives consultant to finish and where the flooding such as intersection supplement to the detailed Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 172 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP No. Commune Issues/status Recommendations of Feedbacks of PMU community often occurs in position, size of the works design of the project. rainy season due to suitable with local water level rising demands, building of on Tuy Loan river. overbridge and crossing drainage sewer. Environmental - Request the construction PMU will coordinate with sanitation in the contractor to strictly local authorities and project area and comply with regulations contractor to ensure the compensation, on waste discharging. project will not cause assistance and environmental pollution. - Proper and timely resettlement. compensation and site - In addition, PMU will clearance assistance for ensure the compensation local people to stabilize and site clearance to be their life. carried out in accordance with the regulations of GoV and Donors. Intersection with When constructing at the The Contractor shall local roads intersections with local notify the commune roads, the Contractor authorities and village should take measures to chief of construction ensure traffic safety for location and schedule and local people and minimize place warning signs at air pollution. intersections. 2 Hoa Son Affect cultural Ensure safety for local EMP preparing consultant works, schools, people when constructing incorporated appropriate recreation areas and near these places. Avoid mitigation measures into markets. impacts on structures. EMP. Simultaneously, the Client will suggest the Contractor to comply with mitigation measures and prior discuss with representatives of schools, communal health centers when constructing at these places to obtain the prior consensus before construction. Resettlement- Local people proposed to PMU commits to arrange related issues resettle nearby existing resettlement at local living place for convenience people’s expectations. for job and life. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 173 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP In conclusion, through the public consultation meeting, the local people supported the project and desired the project to be soon implemented. These comments are summarized as follows:  All local people agreed with the project implementation, however, they request the construction to be carried out rapidly, limited to delay and extension and ensure environmental cleanness as well as compliance with tasks and ensuring quality of works;  To mitigate potential impacts on the community and living conditions of the local people, the project components must be implemented rapidly and completed each section, limited to mass and unsystematic construction;  Request the contractor to comply with commitments to mitigate negative environmental impacts caused by the project implementation;  The local people requested the Project to make proper compensation and arrange resettlement for them at their expectation.  In addition, the local people desired the PMU’s and local authorities’ support in vocational training and provision of preferential loan for them to timely recover living conditions. 7.3.2. Results of consultation with local authorities In accordance with the correspondence dispatch and direct consultation with the People’s Committees and Vietnam Fatherland Front of communes, some opinions are summarized as follows:  People’s Committees and Vietnam Fatherland Front of communes enthusiastically supported for the project implementation. Staff and consultant experts disseminated the project-related information and strategies, simultaneously introduced benefits from the project. When the project is completed, the local people will have great benefits on traffic, infrastructures and fresh environment.  The local authorities will facilitate and support for implementation of the project, especially issues related to the land acquisition for the project implementation through site clearance and construction of work items  People’s Committees and Vietnam Fatherland Front of communes agreed with contents of the EIA report. Negative environmental impacts caused by the project are minor; however, it is essential to take mitigation measures of environmental adverse impacts.  Agree with the mitigation measures of environmental pollution as mentioned in the project;  Request the Client to commit to strictly implementing the mitigation measures of potential negative impacts such as environmental management and environmental quality monitoring. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 174 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 7.4. Information Dissemination The Project only receives the investment license after appropriate adjustments of location, designing, capacity and/or technology to meet environmental protection and resettlement requirements. Following requirements for information dissemination in OP 4.01, the PMU shall be on behalf of the project owner, shall: i) Provide Vietnamese version of EIA report and the summary report to the office of Danang city People’s Committee and People’s Committees of Hoa Nhon and Hoa Son communes. ii) EIA report (Vietnamese version) will be sent to PIIP-PMU and DONRE of Danang city. iii) Disclose the summary of EIA report of the Project at 2 communes above and inform via mass media or the ward information board one month prior to dissemination of EIA report and the summary report. The Community can review and contribute their opinions about the EIA report by filling in the notebook within 1 month in working time at following places: 1) People’s Committee of ward/communes; and 2) PMU. iv) EIA report (English version) will be submitted to the World Bank for disclosure at VDIC and InfoShop in accordance with regulations on information dissemination policies. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 175 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS AND COMMITMENT Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 176 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 1. CONCLUSION On the basis of analysis and assessment on existing environment, environmental and socio-economic impacts in the project area, the report presents some following conclusions: The Road DH2 under Component 3 of the Danang Sustainable City Development Project that Danang CPC is appointed to be Client and authorized the PIIP-PMU to manage. Requirements of EIA report complied with Decree No. 18/2015/ND-CP dated 14 February 2015, Circular No. 27/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 18 July 2015 of the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment, guiding the implementation of strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental commitment, WB’s Environmental safeguard policies. EIA report identified and assessed all impacts of the project. - After the project is completed, it will contribute to stabilizing the people’s life, political security and social order in the region in particular and Danang city in general. - Upgrading of low-income areas is not only economically feasible but also improvement of living conditions, environmental landscape for the region at present and in the future. - The long-term construction and operation of the project will cause some negative environmental and socio-economic impacts unless the measures of prevention, control and handling of environmental pollution are not taken. - During the operation of the Project, there will be some impacts but considered as unserious compared to benefits that Project brings. Awareness of responsibilities for environmental protection, the Project will make sufficient investments in environmental protection and commit to strictly complying with the prevention, control and handling measures of environmental pollution as mentioned in EIA report to meet Vietnam environmental standards, including: - Measure to control air pollution during the construction phase. - Measure to control drainage of storm-water and wastewater, domestic wastewater treatment during the construction and operation phases. - Measure to control solid waste pollution during the construction and operation phases. - The PMU will coordinate with the functional agencies in the engineering designing and construction phases to timely adjust pollution level to meet environmental standards and prevent environmental incidents, if any. The measures to control pollution and minimize adverse impacts on environment as mentioned in EIA report are feasible and meet Vietnam environmental standards issued. The Project Owner shall be responsible toward the law for environmental issues of the project during the construction and operation. 2. RECOMMENDATIONS Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 177 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP - To ensure the Project to be put into operation quickly, the Client suggests the DONRE of Danang city and the functional agencies to appraise and submit Danang CPC for approving EIA report so that the Client can continue to implement next steps of the project and ensure investment progress of the project. - The Client suggests the functional agencies to coordinate with the Client to monitor and solve environmental issues arising during the construction and operation of the project to ensure environmental safeguard and promote economic benefits of the project. - The local authorities coordinate together in the propaganda and maneuver local people to support the project and raise community’s awareness of environmental protection during the implementation and after the completion of the project. 3. COMMITMENTS 3.1. General commitments: - The Client and PMU committed to implementing current regulations of Laws on Environmental Protection: Law on Environmental Protection 2014, Laws and relevant legal documents (the Government’s Decree No.18/2015/ND-CP dated 14 February 2015 on environmental protection planning, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental management plan; the Government’s Decree No.38/2015/ND- CP dated 24 April 2015 on management of waste and scrabs; the Government’s Decree No. 88/2007/ND-CP dated 28 May 2007 on urban drainage) and WB’s safeguard policies during the implementation and the project. - The Client commits to complying with the mitigation measures of adverse impacts of the Project on environment during the construction preparation, construction and operation according to contents as mentioned in Chapter 4 of this Report. - Project’s activities shall be under the inspection of the competent authorities in charge of environmental management of DONRE of Danang city, Danang CPC and relevant functional agencies to ensure the project development and environmental protection. - The Client commits to disclose contents of approved EIA report at the project locality to monitor the compliance with environmental protection commitment in the approved EIA report. 3.2. Commitment to complying with environmental standards and codes: The Client commits to complying strictly with environmental standards and codes: - Exhaust gas: In accordance with Vietnam standard QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT – National technical regulation on ambient air quality; - Waste water: Commit to implementing mitigation measures and operation of waste water treatment system to ensure waste water treatment according to QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT (column B): National technical regulations on domestic waste water quality; - Noise: Control noise in accordance with QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT – National technical regulation on noise. - Solid waste: Solid waste will be collected and treated properly to ensure not drop down and exposure to ambient environment to ensure requirements for environmental sanitation and regulations in Decree No.59/2007/ND-CP dated 09 April 2007 of the Government on solid waste management. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 178 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP - Hazardous waste: Commit to complying with Circular No. 12/2011/TT-BTNMT dated 14 April 2011 of MONRE on hazardous waste management. 3.3. Commitment to management and control of environmental pollution: - The environmental management and control of environmental pollution will be given top priority during the construction and operation; - The Client commits to coordinating with the functional agencies during designing, construction and operation of the treatment system and environmental protection; - During the operation, the Client commits to implementing the environmental pollution management and control program in the project area as mentioned in this report and periodically reporting to the DONRE of Danang city. - The Client commits for compensation and remedy of environmental pollution in case of environmental incidents and risks due to the project implementation; - The Client commits to completing planned works, especially completion of the environmental treatment works after the EIA report is approved./. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 179 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP REFERENCES [1] Description report on FS of Component 3 – Strategic road development under Danang Sustainable City Development Project. [2] FS and Basic Design of the Project “Improvement and Upgrading of Road DH2”. [3] The approved route direction drawings and land use boundary of the road DH2 from Hoa Nhon to Hoa Son. [4] Topographic map 1/5.000 ratio of the studied area. [5] Detailed planning of the transport system in Hoa Vang district. [6] Summary report on implementation of socio-economic criteria, National Defense 2014 of Hoa Nhon and Hoa Son communes, Hoa Vang district, Danang city. [7] Report on surveying, measuring, sampling and analyzing environmental conditions in the project area conducted by the Central Hydrometeorology Station on 14 June 2015. [8] Environmental impact assessment of Hoa Phuoc – Hoa Khuong Road Project, 2014. [9] Assessment on sources of air, water and land pollution – A guide to rapid source inventory techniques and their use in formulating Environmental Control Plan - WHO, 1993. [10] Assessment on sources of air, water and land pollution - Environmental Technology Handbook, Volume 1, Geneva, 1993. [11] International Monetary Fund’s Guidelines on Environment, Health, and Safety (IFC EHS guidelines). [12] General guidelines on environment, Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, World Bank, July 1998. [13] Air environment, Phạm Ngọc Đăng, Science and Technics Publishing House, 1997. [14] Statistical Yearbook of Danang city 2014. [15] Vietnam construction sector standards: Design standard of the Ministry of Construction, TCVN 7957 2008 - Drainage and sewerage - External Networks and Facilities (for reference, hydraulic calculation and determination of depth of buried sewers. [16] Guide to Sustainable Transportation Performance Measures, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Aug - 2011. [17] US Federal High way Administration, Roadway construction noise handbook, 1/2006. [18] WHO - Assessment of sources of air, water, and land pollution, A guide to rapid source inventory techniques and their use in formulating environmental control strategies. Part 1: Rapid Inventory Techniques in Environmental Pollution. Geneva, Switzerland, 1993. Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 180 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP ANNEXES ANNEX 1: LEGAL DOCUMENTS RELATED TO THE PROJECT Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 181 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 182 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP ANNEX 2: TEST REPORT OF BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MONITORING 1. Analytical results of air samples Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 183 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 2. Analytical results of surface water samples Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 184 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 3. Analytical results of underground water samples Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 185 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 4. Analytical results of wastewater samples Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 186 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 5. Analytical results of soil samples Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 187 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 6. Analytical results of sediment samples Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 188 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 7. Analytical results of aquatic samples Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 189 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Consulting firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 190 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP ANNEX 3: MINUTES OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION IN PROJECT AREA 3.1 Hoa Nhon Consulting Firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 191 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Consulting Firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 192 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Consulting Firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 193 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Consulting Firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 194 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Consulting Firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 195 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 3.2. Hoa Son Consulting Firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 196 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Consulting Firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 197 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Consulting Firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 198 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Consulting Firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 199 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Consulting Firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 200 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP 3.3. Phu Thuong Cathedral: Consulting Firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 201 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Consulting Firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 202 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP Consulting Firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 203 Project ―Improvement and Upgrading of the Road DH2 (Hoa Nhon – Hoa Son)‖ under Danang SCDP ANNEX 4: PICTURES OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION Public consultation in Hoa Nhon commune Public consultation in Hoa Son commune Public Consultation in Hoa Son commune Consulting Firm: Vietnam Investment and Development Consultancy Co., Ltd. 204