Environment and Social safeguard Assessment Report of The Second Phase Four-lane Highway Widening Project· Route 24: A. Sikhio - UbonRatchathani (A.Nangrong - A.Prasat) February 2009 By .Environment Group Bureau of Planning Department of Highways Table of Content Page Introduction 1 2 Project D~scription 3 3 Environment and Social Background 8 4 Social Safeguard Screening .18 5 Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measure 22 6 The Environmental Management Plan 28 7 The Monitoring Plan 38 8 Public Involvement 45 9 Conclusion 48 . ANNEX I: Resettlement Impacts Data 49 ANNEX II: Picture ofthe Public Involvement Process 50 1. INTRODUCTION The Ministry of Transport by the Department of Highways planned to widen the primary routes linking the Bangkok Metropolitan Area to each region in order to cope with the rapid increase of the need for transportation. The plan included a total distance of 1,891 kilometers <;Ind was completed in 1999. The second phase of widening for further primary routes were proposed and approved in principle to enhance provincial link within the region in 1995. This plan included a total length of 4,366 kilometers. As shown in Figure 1, this project is a part of the second phase of widening for further primary routes. The proposed project is to widen Route 4 from the existing two-lane configuration to four-lane highway. This project would take place on Route 4 at Tambon Khao Kram, Amphoe Muang Kilometer (KM) 130+400 to Section .at Tambon Khao Yai, Amphoe Ao Luk KM 162+200. Both the beginning and the end of project are in Krabi Province. The project objective is to enhance the existing network highways capacity, which consequently results in road safety improvement and economic growth stimulation. Currently, DOH is seeking a World Bank loan for the implementation of the highway-widening project of route 4 from Tambon Khao Kram, Amphoe Muang KM 130+400 to Tambon Khao Yai, Amphoe Ao Luk KM 162+200. The widening would be undertaken mostly on both sides of the current route that is 29.658 kilometers of a two-lane asphaltic concrete highway. The purpose of the environment and social safeguard assessment report is to identify environmental issues associated with the project required for a World Bank loan. The environment and social safeguard assessment report presents key information on the project and back ground data on location, including findings during field visit, identification of potential impacts and required mitigations, and a proposed action plan to be executed by DOH during the implementation of the project. 2 DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF tAOS· KAMPUCHEA GULF OF THAILAND -- NETWORK 1 NElWORK2 NElWORK3 NETWOR.K4 NE1WORK_5 NI!lWORK6 -- NETI'lORKS NEtWORKS NElWORK10 ftEIWORK 11 NElWORK12 Figure 1: The second phase four-lane highway widening project 3 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Type of Project According to World Bank's project classification, this project has been categorized as a Category B project since: · The project activities will be carried out within the existing right-of-way; · The project would not involve resettlement and land acquisition; · The project related impacts are site specific. and the mitigation can be developed and implemented. The project comprises widening and strengthening of National Highway, Route 4, from Tambon Khao Kram. Amphoe Muang. Krabi Province to Tambon Khao Yai, Amphoe Ao Luk.. Krabi Province, over a length of 29.658 kilometers. 2.2 Need for the Project The widening will facilitate the traffic along the existing two-lane highway; providing additional road capacity to cope with the rapid increase of traffic across the region. In addition. it is anticipated that t~e highway-widening project would stimulate economic activityand growth Lof the southern region .. 2.3 Location The highway widening is proposed for Route 4, beginning ,on Route 4, iKiM 130+400 a! Tambon Khao Kram, Amphoe Muang, Krabi Province. The project is in the northetl'y direction to the end on Route 4, KM 162+200, at Tambon Khao Yai, Amphoe Ao Luk, KrabiProvlnce as shown in figure 2: Project Location. 2.4 Description of the Project The project objective is to enhance the existing network highway Lcapacity, which consequently results in road safety improvement and economic growth stimulation. [fhe project proposed to widen 29.658 kilometers of roadway and bridges along Route 4, starting ifom the existing two-lane configuration to four-lane highway and the activities Wouldtake,Pla:cel~~m Tambon Khao Kram, Amphoe Muang km 130+400 and end at about Tambon Khab Yai,1\mptibeAo Luk km 162+200. The widening of roadway and bridges within the project sectibn ~as p;d~osed to be wholly within DOH's existing right-of-way (ROW). The proposed wideningsch~m~s brlthe project are shown in Figure 5. . .'. i 4 Figure.2: Project Location 5 Figure 3: Beginning of the project Figure 4: End of the Project 6 Construct the new road .on the both sides with raised median (KM 130+400' KM 150+400 and KM 152+700 - KM 162+200) Constructthe new road on the rigHt side with 2.60 m. concrete barrier (KM 150+400- 1p2+400) Construct the new road on the both sides with 2.60 m. concrete barrier (KTy1152+400 - KM 152+700) Figure 5: Proposed widening scheme of the project 7 3. ENVIRONMENT & SOCIAL BACKGROUND 3.1 Environment Background The road passes through generally rolling terrain with most area of rubber and palm plantation and some appearance of orchard. The average slope is lower than 5%. There is a rock hill within the existing ROW on the left side at KM 150+800, however, this may not be affected as the widening at this locationwill be carried out within the ROWan the right. The soil along the project alignment is sandy loam. The CBR value is about 4%. Figure 7: Rock Hill on Left Side at KM 150+850 The land along the proposed highway widening is generally rolling terrain and the average slope is lower than 5%. No significant erosion and sedimentation problems associated with this project would be anticipated. Climatic data at Krabi station are available for 30 years (1961-1990). The average highest temperature is 34.2°C in March. The average lowest temperature is 21.2 °C in January. The 8 climate is tropical monsoonal, with a pronouhced wet season from May to October. The mean annual rainfall in this region is 2,231.8 mm. The proposed project is not within a seismic zone. No data available on ambient noise level in the project area. However, when comparing with other 4-lane roads in adjacent areas, there is no impact of noise on communities and sensitive receptors. The impact of noise may be considered to be negligible. There are no data of. ambient air quality of the areas around the project highway. However, the areas are open and could enhance the dispersion and dilution of air pollutants if any. In addition, the sensitive receptors, e.g. schools, and hospital are not immediately adjacent tothe ROW. As a result, the impact on air pollution may not be significant. The, prpject alignment crosses Khlong Hin, Khlong Ban Klang, Khlong Ao Luk,KhlortgThqm, Khlong Klang, and other w;:lterWays. The water quality of streal11scrossed il?Within.,clas~ three of surf~ce water classification of Ministry of Science, Technology a'nd Environment Le.', water is sui,t~ble for~gricultural purpose and can be used for domestic consumption after treatment. Tn'~~'~ioe~loi~'f~t the,'prOject ,t";i'&':i;,:lh ,!" ,I" ". ' reap will be within ,the existing right-of-w~y. " ,,'.' , The land adjacent to the ridhildf.waY}oi:~fle:,pfoj~cf isroostly rubber and palm ~Iantation. N'one Of>,forest conservation ~reas .,.:..1;:. :.,j), , ,":'t'j ii, ,.~;!::-!:;,.: ',,-":-, . . ~ , ' " . .."," are~ound,icIPSie:.;tp "the pr9ject alignment. The project does not pass ,through the watershed class 1 and 2. Th~re are '2 large trees on the left side at KM 151+500 :"',KM 151 +600, however, ~his may not be a si911ificanUmpact as the widening at this location will be ca'rried out within the ROW onthe right. Moreover, there are some teaks and other plants along the both sides of project. , ' : . , , :; :,' :',' '. There, are no ecological resources such as fisheries, aquatic biolpgy, wildlife, or forasts. Therfare , ' '. ",: -,' ,-:,: _I;'; it i: , :' " , ' '(, " . .;. " :;i,; -,' ~,' i " 5 canals crossed by the project highway. However,~herewoul(j~jtdb:a:major effect onlthe ,water quality since the bridge approach will be empI0ged.The,brid~Eik,cPnstruction wou'lclh~t c~use serious im'pact on aquatic ecology as the quality ofwat~r~o~ie~'C~Os$eld'bY the projecLhighvyay is d~ " ' ,,',' ':-, " :" .!.,. ,,,,,,_ ,:, I," , ," i. __",' ':.>'1,' '," classified as class three: water is suitable foragricuHural. pLlrposeand~:~bmestic consumption 'and' : :' , ':::i ,.,: the Contractor will be required to implement the mitigation meas~res t6;prevent or mitig~t~impacts !: , ' " !'( :~ ,,' " ' ::':' -':_, ,: " .:~:',: " · . ii· -' , il[" 1, :- 1'\",' ' " -'< -, on water quality. ',,\,"~I"~ '" ii:tjf':'~I .. 3.2 Social Background In this proposed highway section, there are approximately 8 villages, 5 religious places, 5 schools, 1 public health station, 1 hospital, aryd other government offices. There are no archeological and historic sites in the vicinity of the project road. Adjacent to the highway but outside DoH's right-of- way, there are some rubber and palm plantation. There are around 7 ternporary sheds set up for selling villagers' product (e.g. food) within DoH's existing ROW on the both sides of the r9adwayat KM. 138 - KM. 140. Thus, the temporary sheds must be shifted to a suitable area outside the ROW, which could be behind the existing shed, as th~ owners are living in the vicinity. No resettlement plan is required but mitigation will be considered to rliinimize the, impact that might t · ' ," , occur. ---- -~-----~- 9 Figure 8: Temporary shop within DOH's ROW Major income generated locally is from plantation, and small shops: Neither significant aesthetic, archeological and historical treasures nor recreational resources are found. The impacts on the quality of life of the local people would be minor in nature but positive overall. During construction, labor would be sought locally, consequently providing employment to the local people leading to increased economic activity. There would be at:! improvement in traffic management through improved traffic signaling thereby reduc.ing the potential for traffic accidents. During construction, there may be issues of access. These are anticipated to be minor in nature and short in duration. Additionally any existing public infrastructure would not be affected as the widening is within the existing ROW. The existing road and the proposed project route stand on a rolling terrain with area of rubber and palm plantation, and some appearance of orchard. There are communities scattering along both sides of the roadway. Mostly temples, schools, and hospitals are located adjacent to the highway. The road inventory of the project is shown in Figure 9. 10 Klang Mittraparp44th 140+000 S. t. 1 [ I ~ . . ~ 0 a:: 138+000 ·Pal~ Plantation ~ + ·~an Klang ~ 137+200 ;:0 ~ S· ca ~ .... -= iil "'C! i" != 0 :':'< a ;"ii (f) iii QI ~li = CL '< ,,!! r 0 QI 3 e Rubber Plantation ..~ 133+000 Palm Plantation I Ban Sala Pramuang .~ .~. 3: 0 ong Hin Pittayakom School r:t: fb Rubber & Palm Plantation Rubber & Palm Plantation Palm Plantation Rubber Plantation 130+400 ~ Community Q Health StationJ Medical Center o Temple I Mosque C Governmenfs Office ]~~[~B~rid~g~e_______________ Figure 9: The Road Inventory Rubber Plantation Rubber Plantation E 150+000 1 [ o .., Khlong Klang I ~ Palm Plantation ~ 149+300 Fb Ao Luk Prachasan School .. ToA.AoLuk 4·6Lane To A. Plai Phra Ya .. 147+900 ::D Wat Ao Luk Nua ® :r l?: ] , [ '-'l;'-·~~-o:'~-'.~-:-f""'~·7':"""-·-~-::-'-':",<-"",,,:,r·-:,,"7'-'-~-'~~~'--'(" ~- KhI6r1QAol.uk: ~ ~. 147+000 5' Rubber & Palm Plantation Rubber & Palm Plantation 146+000 ~ Ban Nai Yuan Nok Rubber Plantation Rubber Plantation Ao Luk Power Plant 144+000 RJ Ban Nai Yuan School 143+500 Rubber & Palm Plantation Rubber & Palm Plantation Ban Nai Yam Khak ~ Rubber Plantation Rubber Plantation 141+000 .. Ban Klang HealthStationIliJti ~ Community FbSChOOI Q Health Station/ Medical Center ® Temple / Mosque CGovernment's Office ] [Bridge Figure 9: The Road Inventory (Cont.) 12 162+200 Rubber Plantation Rubber Plantation 160+000 ] [ Palm Plantation 159+000 Rubber & Palm Plantation Palm Plantation 158+000 Palm Plantation ; 157+000 Palm Plantation Palm Plantation 156+000 Rubber & Palm Plantation Palm Plantation 155+000 ' Rubber & Palm Plantation Ban Nhong Chum Sang ~ 154+000 Ban Nai Yuan ~' 153+000 Rubber Plantation 152+000 . ore,,,: L~l'S1+o00 c.:1 ' , "I Ban Chong Mai Kaew ~ ,'i ~ ,; Community. ~ School Health Stationl Medical Center o Temple I Mosqu~ CI Government's Office ] [ Bridge ,~-- Figure 9: The Road Inventory (Cont.) 13 4. SOCIAL SAFEGUARD SCREENING 4.1 Social Safeguard Screening According to World Bank's relevant Operational Directives (0.0. 4.20: Indigenous Peoples and 0.0. 4.30: Involuntary Resettlement), the initial social assessment checklist is adopted as a guideline for initial social assessment. DOH conducted site visit, which provided a better understanding of local communities, land use pattern, economic activity. and livelihood. Most of local people earn their living from crops, e.g., rubber, palm, and tropical fruit. During the site visit, 7 temporary shops were found to be within the ROW on the both side of the road section as shown in figure 4. The road widening is proposed to be carried out on the both side of the existing road section. Consequently, the shifting of temporary shops is required. The other potential social impacts during the implementation and operation are identified as below: Health and safety problems; and Change in economic activity. During implementation, construction activities would affect the ambient noise and air quality and safety of both pedestrians and motorists. People will be impacted if the mitigation measures are not, implemented appropriately. However, it is a requirement that identified measures will be implemented by contractors as they will be included in the contract documents, and monitored by DOH. For example, temporary sidewalks will be provided where the existing ones are disturbed and noise-creating activities will be carried, out during the daytime. Highway widening can result in both improving and deteriorating noise and air quality. At present, the capacity of two-lane highway is almost fully occupied. In the near future, traffic congestion may be occurred and that is the major source of air pollutant. Extending the capacity of major highway would be benefit overall in this case even when the vehicle volume increases. However, poor conditions of highway surface may generate much more air pollutants and higher noise level from vehicles than those generated when driving on good surface conditions. Therefore, the regular highway maintenance will be carried out and included as one of the mitigation measures. Similarly, traffic signs limiting the vehicle speed will be in place. Inconvenience arising from construction activities may Change economic interaction. Limited travel lanes, poor access to local places and services, and bad conditions or road surface may deviate road users to other roadways, which consequently decrease the economic activities along the proposed section. Nevertheless, appropriate controls, and traffic management during the implementation could maintain or even enhance the economic activities around the project area. During the operation, u-turns could provide a better access to areas along the road section. 14 Initial Social Assessment (ISA) Checklist of Information on Resettlement Estimated Number of Project Affected Persons' (APs):~_7__ Vulnerable Groups: ~ Types Yes I No I Remarks I · Poverty group affected ..r IThe project is propos&!to be wholly withinth~ I I i existing right-of-way. Therefore, .resettlement may I I not be of concern. I Women headed households affected ..r I I · i I Indigenous P~ples Affected I ..r I · : I · Other vulnerable group2 affected I ..r J Types of Impacts (Social and Economic Risks)3 I Types I Yes I No Provide details (Expected number of I households, area of land, types of structures I I . likely to be affected), where possible I I· Is land acquisition necessary I ..r 7 temporary shops are located within the ROW on the both side of the road section. It is necessary to shift those shops to other areas since the widening will be carried out on the both side of the roadway. · Loss of structures resulting in displacement ..r · Displacement of people due to loss of ..r productive assets People losing means of livelihood and ..r incomes ..r I · Is there any risk of economic marginalization ofAPs I · Basic facilitiesl services will be inaccessible ..r · Impact on crops, trees and other fixed assets ..r · Tenantsl Lessees losing crops! trees ..r Loss of community assets ..r .---.---. Loss of existing social & community ties ..r Note: information for ISA should be collected in consultation and coordination with EA, local authorities, local NGOs and community leaders of affected community. Where possible, sufficient time should be spent for group discussion with community likely to be affected by the project. The number of people likely to be affected should be based on rapid assessment. This may include disabled, child labor, etc. It. may not always be possible to get information on some of the above impacts at the ISA stage. However, particular attention should be paid to these types of impacts during the project preparation stage. .1--________.______.___.___ 15 4.2 Social Impact and Mitigation Measures Since the road widening will be implemented within the existing right-of-way, no significant impacts are likely to occur. Nevertheless, social impacts can be managed and minimized through a community consultation process. Typically, the project road passes through relatively rolling terrain. The width of right-of-way is ranged between 40-60 meters. At section km. 138 to km. 140, it is seen that local people are utilizing some part of right-of-way for commercial purpose i.e. selling grilled chicken. From the survey, it reveals that there are 7 temporary shops locate within the right"of way. All of the shops are located in front of the owner's house. Prior to construction, for safety reason, those shops will be relocated outside the right-of-way. To avoid impact on people's income, the shop shall be relocated as fast as possible to ensure that shop owner will not experience any stoppage in their operation. As can be seen in Figure 8, the temporary shops can be removed easily by the shop owner themselves, or they can call for labor and/or materials from the project if necessary. Additionally, the project will help in ground leveling prior to removing. In doing this, the assistance will be provided at no cost to the shop owner. Therefore, the livelihood of those shop owners will not be severely affected by the road widening project. List of affected people is shown in Annex I. 16 5. IMPACT ASSESSMENT & MITIGATION MEASURE 5.1 Environmental Problems Due To Project Location The road section to widen under the project is within the existing right~of-way, and the majority of the works win be undertaken along the existing alignments. Accordingly, no significant environmental impacts are anticipated due to the project's location. 5.2 Environmental Problems Related with·Project Design The design unit has sought to minimize any environmental impacts by ensuring that the widening road is within the existing right-of-way. Project design als9 takes account of the need to avoid creating potential slips or instability where new embankments are required. in addition, drainage system was highly emphasized in. order to effectively control and prevent the flooding problem. The existing culvert will be either lengthened or reconfigured. Local aesthetic value is another issue to be considered during project design. 5.3 Environmental Problems Associated with Construction Stage As the project roadway has served the transportation of this region for a long time, most environmental impacts from the widening would occur only during the. construction. The severities of these impacts are considered to be minor to moderate because they can be mitigated by implementing appropriate mitigation measures. Furthermore, construction is taking place in the existing ROW, which is free from significant or important natural features. And they would lasHor a short period - during the construction. The environmental aspects of concern would be: · Blockage of entrance/access; · Traffic congestion and safety; Soil erosion and flooding during wet season; Nuisance notse during the construction; Removal and transplanting tree; Deterioration of air quality from construction machinery 'and vehicles; and Dust generation during dry season. \ Table 1 shows the potential environmental impacts, and proposed mitigation measures during the construction stage. Contractor is responsible for implementing the mitigation measures during the construction and will be required to follow DOH's Conditions of Contract, Specifications for Highway Construction, and proposed Environmental Management Plan. The proposed mitigation measures in Table 1 will be included in the contract. DOH's project engineer will assist and monitor the contractor in accordance with the mitigation measures identified and on-site implementation. 17 Noise Construction activities may Construction equipment will be equipped with engine increase noise level and cause silencers or use equipment, which generate lower noise the noise level to exceed the level. standard. However, when Noise creating activities will be carried out during daylight comparing with other 4-lane hours. roads in adjacent areas, there is no impact of noise on The Contractorwill inform local publiC regarding the communities and sensitive unavoidable noise creating activities, timing and receptors. The impact of noise construction plan prior to the construction. !may be considered to be negligible. Air Quality Transportation of construction The construction materials and wastes will beremoved . material, equipment from the construction area as soon as possible. transportation and construction Spoil trucks, material trucks, and stockpiles will be activities may cause the covered at all times. increase of dust and toxic gas. Regular water spraying will be done on, open surface. However, the project areas are The equipment and machinery will be regularly checked open, which could enhance the and malfunctionobserved will be corrected accordingly.. dispersion and dilution of air pollutants if any. In addition, The haulage distance will be kept to a minimum. the sensitive receptors are not The truck speed will be limited to minimized dust immediately adjacent to the generation. ROW. As a result, the1impact The contractor will plant tall, leafy, and dense vegetation on air pollution may not be between roads and local people' settlement. significant. Vibration Constrwction transportation, The road's surface condition will be maintained regularly. and activities may cause high Vibration creating activities will be strictly controlled in level of vibration, which cause. such a way that minimizes the vibration. the trouble to persons .in buildings Surface Water Construction may cause the Contractor will intensify the construction activities during Hydrology modification of water flows. the dry season, e.g., excavating or filling, and bridge construction. Pipes and culverts will be regularly cleaned to prevent blockage of water resulting in flooding problem. Dumping of residual construction material or solid waste into waterways shall be prohibited to protect waterways ifrom being shallow or stagnant water problem. 18 Water Quality Water quality could be Bridges will be constructed during the dry season. deteriorated due to the Vegetative area around 1 m from the waterways will be increased sediment and maintained as a buffer zone. suspended partiCles, and the Contractor will consider planting native vegetation at the contamination from leachate. disturbed water streams Construction material will be stored at least 100 m from the watercourse. . Sanitarylat~ine and septic tank will be installed within construction camps. Waste dumping will be prohibited... Washing equip.rnent..wili not be allowed in the water streams. Soil and Erosion Opened surface may cause Construction activities will be intensified during dry increased erosion. season. .The extent of ground disturbance will be minimized. i Grasses and native vegetation will be promptly grown 1 after the shouldenis filled and compacted to protect the · soil surface instantly. . Geology and No significant mineral sources Mineral exist within the vicinity of the project roadway Rock and earth Dust, noise and vibration could Borrowing pits and quarries will be located at least 500 m aggregate be generated from rock and from settlement areas. earth borrowing sites. Noise and vibration generating activities within borrowing pits will be carried out during daylight hours. Proper dust, noise and vibration control shall be in places. i Stockpiles ofconstruction materials shall be covered or :_~ ____-'-___________~I sprinkledtopreventdustnuisance. Ecological Resources Aquatic ecology EroSion from construction sites The activities of construction will be intensified during the may result in downstream dry season. siltation, ruining spawning Bridge will be constructed during the dry season. beds for·fish Construction machinery will be inspected regularly to Construction residual can be a prevent any oil leakage. major source of turbidity, and Construction activitieswill be prohibited in front of raise biological oxygen waterway to prevent silt-laden water from entering the demand. . water streams. 1 Wildlife No local wildlife corridors: I·. ~-------~·-------------~---+-I-----------~--------------·----- Forest ·No ecologically sensitive areas Contractor will avoid disturbing vegetation in areas Iand forest exist. outside the construction zone. 19 will be removed. before removing teaks from the construction areas. The transplanting shaH be considered as much as possible. Human and Economic Development Land Use Land use pattern would not Contractor will avoid making any damage to the water . change significantly as the streams crossed. roadway already exists and the Construction activities will be done in such a way that widening would take place avoids filling up water resource and interrupt water wholly within the existing system. I ROW. There will be efficient drainage system to avoid flooding iproblem. Transportation Construction would result in Construction equipments and materials will be moved congestion; especially at the during the off-peak period traffic to avoid the traffic populated areas .and junction congestion. with other highways. Contractor shall provide appropriate construction technique such as detour roads to minimize the problem Transportation of construction of local traffic. material may damage the existing roadway. Local people will be informed regarding the construction plan and activities, and appropriate alternative roads, in advance. Caution signs will be posted to remind road users before entering the construction area. The routes,which have been used to transport construction equipments and materials, will be maintained in good condition. Flood Con~rol There would be impact on The appropriate and sufficient drainage structures will be drainage, if the drainage installed. structures are not adequately installed. Public Utilities Relocation of infrastructures Contractor will inform affected people regarding any and maybe necessary. inconveniences, e.g. electric and water cut due to the Infrastructure construction in advance. Construction may affect the accessibility of local utilities Temporary access to any existing areas along the and public areas. roadway being constructed will be provided. Quality of Life Values Socio-economic The impacts on the quality of Local public will be informed prior to commencement of life of the local people would civil work regarding temporary inconveniences during the be minor in nature but positive construction. i 20 overall. The positive impact is Contractor will minimize damage on surface of existing the expansion of local trading roads and local tracks. especially on consumer products, due to increasing, Road obstruction will be avoided. Where unavoidable, demand from construction damages will be repaired as soon as possible. workers. Labor would be soughtlocally~consequently providing Construction activities may employment to the local people leading to increased affectthe convenience of local economic activity. public and travelers who use the road passing the project areas during construction I period. Resettlement No land expropriation is . DOH will be responsible for shifting of the shops to a required as the widening will suitable location outside the ROW when needed, which .take place within DOH's could be just behind the existing shop-set-up location, .as existing ROW. However local most shop owners, are likely the people living in the people who set up temporary vicinity. shops withih ROW may be affected Archaeological No archaeological sites would and aesthetic be impacted. !values Health and Poor sanitary condition, e.g. Contractor will be required to set up a sanitary Safety dirty drinking water, management plan for worker camp to ensure that DOH's inappropriate waste requirements are met. management, and inadequate Appropriate waste management will be set up, e.g. waste and dirty toilet, could result in disposal method, provision of garbage can, etc. workers' sickness. Clean drinking water will be provided to on -site Unsafe condition may cause construction workers. workers' injuries. Responsibility will be assigned to maintain safe and clean co.nstruction camp All workers will be trained in safety precaution and emergency plan prior to the construction. First aid kit and appropriate personal protective equipment. will be sufficiently provided. 5.4 Environmental Effects During Operation The potential environmental effects from operation of the proposed widening are listed in Table 2: Potential Impacts during Operation. The absence of environmentally sensitive areas such as pristine forests within the project area precludes any significant indirect environmental effects. Major impacts would include increased noise, vibration, air pollution, and road accident due to road 21 traffic and soil erosion and flooding due to blockage of water flow and poor condition of shoulder. DOH will follow good practice during maintenance and coordinate with local government and other concerned agencies to reduce the impacts. 5.5 Potential Environmental Enhancements The environmental enhancements or beneficial impacts from the highway widening are significant, long-term, and wide raging. The benefits are of interregional significance and include: · Encouragement of Thailand's economic growth; Improved local employment during construction; Transportation enhancement across the region; and Increase in local people's income. Noise Noise level may increase due DOH will set up a monitoring plan for noise level during to the increased traffic volume. the operation at sensitive receptor, e.g. school, and hospital and provide efficient noise barrier where needed. Road surface condition will be maintained to reduce nOise, pollution. Air Quality Increase traffic level may result DOH's district engineer will maintain good condition of in deterioration of ambient air roadway to enhance the highest efficiency of the vehicles. quality Traffic signs will be provided to facilitate the traffic and minimize the congestion. Highway District will maintain tall, leafy, and dense vegetation between roads and local people' resettlement. Surface Water Roadway may cause the Culvert maintenance will be carri~ out by Highway Hydrology modification of water flows. District to ensure the highest efficiency in order to avoid the blockage of water flows along the highway. Soil and Erosion Poor condition of shoulders Inspection of grassing will be done especially in the time could result in erosion before the rainy season. Health and High traffic volume may cause DOH's district engineer will maintain the traffic warning Safety the higher rate of accident to signs and surface condition to alleviate the accident. both the pedestrians and the road users 22 6. THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN To mitigate the potential negative impacts of a highway project, c;ln Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is developed typically to idehtify the mitigation measures to be undertaken during conceptual/detailed engineering design, construction, and operation stages, including the responsible units. For the highway-widening project, the detailed engineering design has been completed at this stage; therefore, the activities specified in the EMP are limited to those to be carried ,out during construction, and operation. During the conceptual and detailed design. efforts were made to avoid the need for land acquisition and compensation, provide adequate safety to road users, and inform the local public. DOH carried out a formal consultation meeting with local public in January 2009 and a summary of the public consultation report is presented in chapter 8; The mitigation measures for theenvirbnmental impacts have been incorporated into the EMP. DOH will cOl1tinue to make an effort to ensure that the key mitigation measures that can be done during the detailed design stage is incorporated into the final design. The EMP requirements as' minimum environmental reCjuirements will be included into the bidding document (specifications for highway construction). 6.1 NOISE AND VIBRATION A. Background Noise and vibration from construction activities, and transportation of construction materials, and higher traffic volume may impact upon people, property, and other sensitive receptors. B. Objectives To minimize noise and vibration impacts arising from construction activities. , To ensure that noise emissions from construction equipment and machinery are controlled and that machinery meets best practice emission standards. To protect communities from excessive noise. 1. Additional DOH requirements should be Contractor During Included in a strictly followed construction construction · Operate construction activities during period budget daytime. · Limit construction traffic to be during daytime especially the transportation of construction materials. Use the ,inn,.,n.t" or machineries, 23 which fit standard of construction. Regularly check and maintain construction machineries and promptly repair when malfunction is observed. Plantation of leafy trees and shrubs should Contractor Before ending of Included in a be applied, construction construction period budget 3. Traffic signs, limiting the speed of vehicles Highway District Operation phase Included in DOH's to be below 60 km/hr at cOmmunities, routine should be regularly maintained. maintenance budget 4. Road surface condition will be maintained Highway District Operation phase Included in DOH's to reduce noise pollution. routine maintenance budget 6.2 AIR QUALITY A. Background Air quality could be deteriorated by construction activities as they usually generate dust and toxic gas from machineries, construction vehicles, and open surface. Dust generation is the key air quality issue at construction sites and can be a health hazard. In addition, vehicle emissions are the greatest contributor to air pollution. B. Objectives To control dust generation and to keep airborne dust to a minimum. To ensure that emissions from construction machinery and equipment are controlled. To contribute to the control of total vehicle emissions through the promotion of environmentally responsible. motoring manner. 1. DOH should clearly specify in the contract DOH, Contractor During Included in a that contractor has to strictly follow the construction construction requirements regarding the environmentally period budget responsible construction performance as follows: Remove construction materials and wastes from the construction area as soon as possible. 24 · Cover trucks and stockpiles of construction materials. · Limit the extent of disturbed or open surface Restore disturbed areas as soon as possible. Keep haulage distance of construction materials to a minimum. Limit construction activities on windy day. Service equipment and machinery regularly to minimize vehicle emissions. · Spray water on open surface. 2. Contractor should plant tall, leafy, and Contractor Before ending of Included in a dense vegetation between roads and local construction construction people'settlement. period budget 3. Traffic signs should be provided to facilitate Contractor Before ending of Included in a the traffic and minimize the congestion. iconstruction construction period budget 4. DOH's district engineer should maintain Highway District Operation phase Included in DOH's good condition of roadway and traffic signs routine to enhance the highest efficiency ofthe maintenance vehicles. budget 5. should maintain tall, leafy. Highway District Operation phase Included in DOH's and dense vegetation between roads and routine local people' settlement. maintenance . budget 6.3 WATER QUALITY AND HYDROLOGY A. Background Poor waste and site management. and erosion .and drainage control can arise water quality issues relating to highway construction especially in the rainy season. Contamination of local watercourses from the operation of highway may also cause along term effect on water quality. B. Objectives To eliminate water pollution from construction activities. · To protect the quality of waterways, groundwater, natural and built drainage systems. 25 · To manage the quality of water runoff and minimize the impact from the highway on the local environment. DOH should clearly specify in the contract DOH, Contractor During Included in a that contractor has to strictly follow the construction construction requirements regarding the environmentally period budget responsible construction performance as follows: · Bridges should be planned to be. constructed during the dry season. · Vegetative area around 1 m from the waterways should be maintained as a buffer zone. · Contractor should consider planting native vegetation at the disturbed water streams · Construction material should be stored at least 100 m from the watercourse. · Waste dumping and equipment washing in the water streams is pn;>hibited. · Construction vehicles and machineries should be regularly maintained to prevent fuel and oil leaks. · All chemicals, fuels, and other hazardous substances should be securely stored on imperviously bunded area. Bunded areas should not be in areas prone to flooding. 2 Construction areas along the waterway Contractor During Included in a should be control to minimize any possible construction construction soil erosion and drainage of sediment into period budget the waterway 3 Construction camp should be at least 50 m Contractor During Included in a from waterway and wastewater management construction construction should be establish, e.g. septic tank, period budget wastewater drainage system. Other justifiable measures will betaken to prevent the water stream contamination by containing wastewater generating from construction camp. 4. DOH's.district engineer should regularly Highway District Operation phase Included in maintain and clean runoff drainage system to DOH's routine ensure the highest efficiency. maintenance budget 26 as a tool for controlling of sediment, and DOH's routine runoff. Imaintenance ibudget 6.4 CONSTRUCTION CAMP. A. Background Usually, construction worker are mainly not local people. Construction camp is needed to temporarily accommodate workers. Consequently, it is likely to generate the sanitary problems if the construction camp is not well controlled. B. Objectives To obtain good sanitary conditions for construction workers. Contractor should plan and set up Contractor During Included in a construction camp following the criteria construction construction below: period budget · Location of the camps - the area s for locating the camps should be at least 50 m from waterway and within the service area of electricity and water supply. · Waste management - garbage tank should be provided throughout the construction camp. Garbage tank should be regularlyemptied and cleaned. Other disposal method should be approved and in line with local regulations. · Sanitation - safe and clean drinking water should be provided to all construction workers at all times. Construction camp should be kept clean at all times. Clean restrooms are provided at least 1 restroom per 15 workers. · Management of sewage - wastewater from construction camp will be contained and treated via on site septiC tank prior to discharge off. - all workers should be trained in 27 safety precaution and emergency plan prior to the construction. Adequate first aid kit should be provided. · Removal of the camps and facilities - all camps and facilities will be removed when the construction is completed. The areas will be restored as close as possible to the original conditions. 2 Regular inspection of construction camp Contractor, During Included in a should be held to ensure that all Project Engineer construction construction requirements are met. period budget 6.5 SOIL AND EROSION A. Background Highway construction comprises many activities that are likely cause soil erosion, e.g. excavation, earthworks, and soil aggregate. Large areas of topsoil may be exposed to wind and runoff, which primarily causes soil loss. Soil erosion is, therefore, the major contributor to the build-up of sediment in the water streams. B. Objectives · To protect exposed soil surfaces from erosion · To protect and conserve soils. · To protect watercourses and downstream water bodies from siltation, sedimentation and water pollutants. DOH should specify additional requirements Contractor, DOH During Included in a for controlling of soil erosion as following: construction construction period · Do not disturb or strip vegetation. If it is budget necessary to remove the vegetation cover, strip the topsoil immediately after clearing, stockpile and re-use the topsoil to rehabilitate the areas that has been disturbed. · Minimize the area of land disturbed and period of exposure at any points. · Keep stockpiles of construction materials clear of drainage lines. 28 · Protect embankment from runoff and erosion. Embankment protection and control devices include silt fences, mulch . Gr temporary plant covers. · Contain and equip construction materials storage area with drainage system. · Prevent the transport of sediment from material stockpiles. · Stabilize and cover the entrance and exit of construction material storage areas by temporary vegetation or gravel. · Divert natural runoff around construction areas prior to any site disturbance. · Restrict vehicle movement over cleared areas. 5. All drainage structures and erosion controls Contractor, During Included in a should be monitored and repaired Highway District construction construction periodically. and operation budget and Phase DOH's routine maintenance budget 2 Sediment structures and drainage paths Highway District Operation Included in should be maintained through regular Phase DOH's routine cleaning and flushing out of sediment and Imaintenance litter, in order to retain maximum · budget I effectiveness 3 Grassing cover should be maintained over Highway District Operation Included in I side slope to prevent soil erosion from runoff Phase DOH's routine during rainy season. maintenance I budget .L-. I 6.6 TRANSPORTATION A. Background Highway construction will result in a noticeable increase in the volume of local traffic by transportation of construction materials! equipment. The increased traffic could reduce the level of road safety if not properly managed in particular to on site workers, road users, and surrounding communities. Road accidents may occur that could result in injuries, deaths, and other environmental damage. 29 B. Objectives · To minimize impacts.from potentially increased traffic volume on local roads. To ensure the safety of construction personnel and the public. 1. Local people will be informed regarding the Contractor Beginning of Included in a construction plan, activities, and appropriate construction construction alternative roads, in advance. iperiod budget 2. The contractor has to strictly follow the traffic Contractor During Included in a management plan as described below: construction construction · The contractor constructs first stage at period budget area outside edge of existing roadway. . · During first stage construction, Interruptions to traffic flow on existing roadway are not allowed. If the contractor requires area on shoulder of existing roadway for construction, permission has to be obtained from the project engineer. · The contractor shall provide preventive measures against accident and inconvenience to the road user. The measUre shall include installation of traffic sign, marking, signal, lighting, and other incidental conforming toDOH. · After. complete the first stage construction up to binder course layer, this layer will be opened to traffic serve. Then, the second stage construction will be commenced. · No space allowed on first stage construction area for second stage construction. · After finishing the second stage construction with all incidentals, all traffic will be diverted to use these (,!reas, and then wearing course layer shall be placed in first stage construction area with ali incidentals. · Lane blocking at any place and any time are not allowed. Except the necessary area, blocking may be allowed at night time. During blocking time, both direction of traffic flow shall be maintained at least orie lane and preventive measures againstaccident shall be provided. 30 3. Construction equipmentsand materials will Contractor During /Included in a be moved during the off-peak period traffic to construction , construction avoid the traffic congestion. period budget 4. "Temporary access to any existing areas Contractor During Included in a along the roadway being constructed will be construction . construction . provided. period 'budget I 5. The routes, which have been used to Contractor During Included in a transport construction equipments and construction construction I materials, will be maintained ingood period budget I condition. 6. Road surface condition and traffic signs will Highway District Oper.ation Inpludedin " be maintained. Phqse DPH's~outine I ~Jd~:r 'Olive I ., -; I I 6.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC A. Background Socio-economic impacts can consist of positive and negative impacts to human life within local communities. Economic impacts occurred during construction such as increase local income or loss of business opportunities. Social impacts are the other impacts to social.systems such as restriction in access to transport, recreation and work, noise and other environmental impacts affecting the community. Social impacts can be managed through a public involvement process. B., Objectives · To maintain existing social systems and networking during construction. · To manage community issues proactively and ensure stakeholder satisfaction with the public inyolvement process. · To ensure that construction schedule is not delayed due to social or economic issues. 1. Local public will be informed prior the Contractor Included in a commencement of civil work regarding oonstruction construction temporary inconveniences during the period budget cqnstruction period. 2. Provide employment opportunities to the Contractor Beginning of Included in a local people as the first priority and as much I oonstruction construction as possible. period budget 13. Temporary shops within ROW will be Contractor Beginning of Included in a relocated to appropriate areas prior the construction construction 31 commencement. period budget 4. Provide a telephone number as an Contractor During Included in a information line for community members to construction construction call to request information or register period budget complaints. 5. Provide clear signs on and around the Contractor During Included in a construction site with essential information construction construction about the project. period Ibudget 6.8 FOREST RESOURCE A. Background No ecologically sensitive areas and forest exist in the project area. However, some teaks and other plants will be removed and can result in the loss of vegetation from that site. Any loss of threatened vegetation will reduce the chances for the long term survival of that species. B. Objectives To ensure that maximum vegetation is retained on-site. · To ensure that any rare species are not damaged by the construction activities. 1. The contractor has to follow the requirements Contractor During Included in a as described below; construction construction period budget Avoid disturbing the vegetation in areas outside the construction zone. Contact the Forest Industry Organization before removing teaks from the construction areas (if any). Transplanting shall be considered as much as possible. 7. THE MONITORING PLAN 32 DOH will bear full responsibility for ensuring that the project complies with best environmental practices and meets the mitigation and monitoring requirements as described in this report. This program would form part of the documentation to which contractors respond and scope6r the mitigation and the action plan are present in chapter 6: The Environmental Management Plan (EMP). To ensure highly effective EMP, a monitoring program has been developed. This environmental monitoring program involves two elements: environmental quality monitoring and monitoring of contractor's environmental performance. Environmental Quality cC!!n be assessed by common monitoring parameters such as Total Suspended Particle (TSP), and noise and vibration level. Given the extent of environmental impacts associated with the project, however~ the environmental quality will not be significantly deteriorated. The impacts of highway widening are minor in nature and short induration. In addition, the results of public involvement indicated that public rather concern about their convenience and safety as they rareiy experience the severe impacts on dust, nOise, and vibration nuisance. Furthermore" Environmental Management Plan has been developed to ensure the Contractor's good environmental practices. However, DOH will require the Contractor to set up an emergency budget for environmental quality monitoring advised by Environment Group. This could be a result from p.eriodic monitoring of the Contractor's environmental performance if any major deficiency of good practicE:')s is observed. The Contractor's Environmental Performance is the crucial factor contributing to environmental quality. Therefore, a constructive monitoring on the Contractor's environmental performance has been set up. Environmental Management Monitoring Checklist has been developed for periodic monitoring by the Contractor, DOH's Project Engineer, and DOH's Environment Group. This checklist. comprises five parts: project description, monitoring log sheet, monthly check and non~ compliance and corrective and preventive action. Project description includes the detailed information of the project title, location, Contract period, DOH's Project Engineer, and The Contractor. Monitoring log sheet records the monitoring date and presents the acknowledgem(3nt of the Contractor regarding the monitoring results. Monthly Check involves common environmental management, which should be established prior to the commencement of civil work and all common construction activities, which could result in adverse environmental impacts. Non-compliance and corrective and preventive action is a record of.non-compliance identified from the periodic monitoring. This is to ensure that effective action is established to rectify any improper environmental management or practices, DOH's Project Engineer will monitor the Contractor's environmental performance at least once a month. A monthly report, which contains completed monitoring checklist, summary of findings, 33 corrective and preventive actions, and copies of monitoring checklists completed by the Contractor Will be submitted to DOH's Environment Group. DOH's Environment Group will conduct six-monthly monitoring (audit) on the Contractor's environmental performance at least twice a year (durin'g dry and wet season), The Contractor and DOH's Project Engineer will be present throughout the monitoring. If any major deficiencies in good environmental practices are observed during monitoring, the Contractor will be responsible for the monitoring of environmental quality (dust, noise, vibration, water quality, etc) as advised by the Environment Group. The results of environmental monitoring will be compared with relevant environmental standards issued by enforcing authorities, e.g. the Pollution Control Department. Appropriate correction will be carried out accordingly. The summary of monitoring results will be submitted to the World Bank. PROJECT DESCRIPTION Project Title Type of Project I[jI!New [jI! Widening [jI! Rehabilitation 34 I 01Overlay LiI Others Location I , I I Contract period r-- DOH's Project Engineer (Print) (Inspector) (Signature) I Contractor's Project (Print) Engineer I (Signature) I I 35 MONITORING LOG SHEET Monitored by Acknowledged by Date (The Contractor, DOH's Project Engineer, (The Contractor's subordiinate, i or DOH's Environment Group) I Contractor's Project Engineer) i I ! I: Ii i i .. ! I !I 36 No dust nuisance.is observed from construction sites and facilities, material transport and opened surface. Loaded trucks are covered or sprinkled. No spill is observed on transport roads. · No ground surface is being exposed longer than two days without water spray. · Stockpiles covered orsprinkled. 2 Borrow pits. and quarries are located at least 500 m from settlement areas and 100 m from water bodies. , 3 Construction facilities: asphalt plant, concrete mixing plant, . warehouse, chemical and waste storage area, are located at least 500 m from settlement area. 4 No noise and vibration nuisance is observed. Loading weight of trucks and driving speed are controlled. There is a record showing periodic maintenance of . construction equipment and vehicle. · Drainage channels are not blocked with sediment, garbage, residuai construction material, etc. 6 No waste and high sediment is observed in water bodies · . Material and waste dumping into water bodies is prohibited A proper control, e.g. net, to prevent any material from entering water bodies is in place when construction is carried out at/closed to water bodies. 7 Stockpile are located at least 100 m away from water bodies 8 On-site wastewater treatments are provided at construction camp, asphaltplant, concrete mixing plant, construction equipment and vehicle maintenance areas. 9 Wastewater is collected and properly treated via on-site wastewater treatment plant prior to discharged off 10 Waste management procedure and equipment (waste container, waste storage area, etc) are in place. 37 11 Final waste disposal e.g. landfill and incineration within construction site is prohibited. 12 Waste oil and liquid hazardous waste are collected and stored in closed container within imperviously bunded and floored area (with capacity at least 110% of capacity of the largest tank) 13 Garbage containers are adequately provided and kept closed at all times except when used. No overloaded garbage container is being observed. 14 Liquid and solid chemicals, including engine fuel, are stored in closed container or package within imperviously bunded and floored area (with capacity at least 110% of capacity of the largest tank). 15 All chemical containers are labeled. 16 Chemical containers are in good conditions and kept closed at 17 Free and safe movement of two-way traffic over the project section of higl:1way or road exposed to the haul of materials is maintained. · Temporary detour roads are maintained in good conditions. · Warning signs, barricades or illumination are provided in accordance with DOH's standards. · Any damage to existing and detour roads is repaired in a timely manner 18 Construction sites and worker camp are kept clean and tidy. 19 .Clean restrooms are provided to construction workers at least 1 restroom per 15 workers. 20 First aid kits and personal protective equipment are provided and easily accessible by construction workers. 38 ~Project Title I Monitoring Date I Description of non-compliance -' Location I Corrective and preventive actions Target Date Contractor's project engineer DOH's project engineer (Print) .__ {Print) (Signature) (Signature) Close-up ~ Completely closed [ji Incompletely closed (describe here , ) I DOH's project engineer (Print) (Signature) Date 39 8. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT 8.1 Introduction Public involvement is one of the important parts for all projects that allow people to access to information related to environmental impacts upon society and local community. More specifically, recommendations from stakeholders would be considered and incorporated into the design and mitigation plan. The ultimate goal is to provide the betterroad service for people and to minimize social impacts and environmental impacts to local communities and natural environment. Besides, good cooperation of local participation will minimize any rejection which might delay the project operation in the future. This public involvement is part of an environmental study of the proposed highway-widening project to be financedby the World Bank Loan. 8..2 Purpose of the Public Meeting The DOH chooses the public meeting technique for this project. The reason is that the public meeting is the direct means in receiving recommendations from the wide range of stakeholders. The purposes of the public meeting are to: 1. Provide an up to date information of the DOH project to all involved stakeholders, 2. Provide opportunities for stakeholders to exchange information that will be incorporated into the design and mitigation plan, and 3. Reduce the conflict and encourage the public to participate in the development of highway project. 8.3 Stakeholders The stakeholders of this project can be divided to be 4 groups as follows:- 1. Local people that compose of:- · Shop owners who will be adversely affected by road widening · 19 community leaders and local people living along the roadside namely:- Banklang sub-district, Klonghin Sub-district, Khaoyai Sub-district, Moo 1, 6 of Ao Luk Nuea Sub-district, Moo 1, 3 of Banklang Sub-district, Moo 2,4 of Klonghin Sub-district, Moo 1, 3, 4, 5 of Khaoyai Sub-district and Moo 1 of Nanuea Sub- district 2. Local government officials i.e. Ao Luk Nuea Sub-district Administration Organization, Klonghin Sub-district Administration Organization, Nanuea Sub-district Administration Organization, Khaoyai Sub-district Administration Organization and Banklang Sub- district Administration Organization. 3. Project proponent i.e. Bureau of Highway 14th and the Highway District Office as the representatives of the. Department of Highway. 4. Other interested people Le. Contractor, farmers and others. 40 8.4 Agency Responsibilities Both representative from central office and regional office of the Department of Highway will be in charge of this project. 8.5 Date/Time/Location The public meeting was held on 15th January 2009 between 10 am and 11.30·am at Ao Luk district hall,Ao Luk district, Krabi province. Ao Luk district hall is readily accessible, centrally located, well known among the stakeholders, adequate circulation space for handicapped and wheelchairs at the entrance and throughout the meeting room (in case disabled people) and also provide sufficient parking space. 8.6 Disclosure Information 1. Background of the project 2. Road design 3. Environmental impacts and mitigation measures 8.7 Summary of Public Involvement There were 40 persons in this public meeting. The suggestions of the participants are shown in the following table:- \!th~~UQgestionof the people 1. Environment DOH shall maintain drainage system to prevent flooding. Inappropriate drainage size will be replaced and will also be well maintained during operation. Care shall be taken on the impact of dust during the Impacts of dust and air pollUtion are already ·incorporated Iphase of construction. in the environmental mitigation I,measures. I Big trees should not be cut. Big trees shall. be relocated by balling before Iremoving to suitable lo~c_a_ti_on_s_.~.______----, 2. Social During construction. for increasing income. DOH should Normally. local labor will be hired during incorporate with contractor to employ local labor. Iconstruction. 3. Safety In general. location of· pedestrian bridge is not For safety reason, pedestrian bridges are located appropriated. at all schools and communities. In addition. the bridges will be designed in accordance with safety I' I instruction of the Bureau ·of Traffic Safety. 41 '.. . . . .'. . The suggestion ofUte people DOH Responses Location of U-turn shall be placed every1 kilometer Throughout the project, there are 11 U-turns with interval 2-3 kilometer interval. Generally, it is well understood that the more U-turn the more traffic accident. Therefore, DOH could not response this. DOH shall improve the pavement condition of road from This section is under-construction. In responding Pang Nga to Thappu1. this, DOH will incorporate with supervision engineer to minimize the impact. 42 9. CONCLUSION Since the project road passes through relatively flat terrain, no ecologically sensitive area such as national park found, therefore, impact on natural environment is considered to be negligible. In addition, the widening activities will be done within the existing ROW, no additional land will be acquired. Impacts arising from road construction, hence, are insignificant ahd can entirely be mitigated. During construction, impacts on people and environment would then be controlled by proper monitoring plan. Ihbrief, the widening project, by nature, will not create any significant impact on environment. Based on the public participation activities, it is revealed that the public targets' suggestions are ta~en into consideration for further modification of the project and to be in conformed with the local communities' needs. 43 ANNEX I Resettlement Impacts Data (1) Temporary Shop within the Existing ROW Annual Floor space of Shelter space Annual income Name of the family private house area area inside from shop within Product" persons income beyond right of way right of way ROW (BahtlYear) (BahtlYear) (m2) (m2) Mr.Sakun 300,000 300,000 400 52 Grilled Chicken !Sura" Mr.Prachuab 200,000 36,000 800 36 Beverage i Nue-On I , I . Mr.Roj 120,000 I 80,000 3200 56 Gri!led Chicken Nue-On : Mr.Manad 600,000" N.A. 400 20 Fn!lit, Larnhard Grilled Fish I Mr.Klai 70,POO 30,000 N.A. 16 Grilled : ChiC!