E494 V7

                REPUBLIC OF YEMEN
!b@d fj.Mlnlafry of Water and Environment
National Water and Sanitation Authority (NWSA)

    Water Sectoral Environmental Assessment and

      Project Specific Environmental Assessment
Urban Wcrter Supply and Sanitation Project Contrad No. NWSACS-3




                     Draft EIA Report
                          Dhamar
                       August 2009


                           Domler \,;onsultlng GmbH
                           Gennany
·               REPUBLIC OF YEMEN
            Ministry of Water and Environment
·
    National Water and Sanitation Authority (NWSA)
     Table of Contents

     lIST Of ABBRMATIONS .............. ,. ......................................................................................... 1

     ExecUTIVE SUMMARY 4,. ....................................."'..................... "~" ·· "······ II." ···*.' .·· "······· "··· ".· ·· "····   IiII · · · ' . " · · "   2

     CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION ......_ ....................................................... _ ................._ .... __··· 4
     1.1.   Background.............................................................................................................. 4
     1.2.   Study Objectives ...................................................................................................... 4
     1.3.   Work Approach and Methodology ............................................................................ 5
     1.4.   Project OrganiZation .................................................................................................. 8

     CHAPTER 2: POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK.............................................. 9
     2.1.     Environmental Policy In yemen .....................................................:.......................... 9
     2.2.     Procedures of environmental Assessment Process ............................................... 12
     2.3.     selection criteria and characterization for environmental and s0cio-
              economic conditions............................................................................................... 12
     2.4.     Analysis and assessment of the alternatives for water and sanitation
              sector ..................................................................................................................... 13
     2.5.     Environmental Management Program .................................................................... 13
     2.6.     Social development Policy ................................................................................,.... 14
        2.6.1. Policies and Program ........................................................................................ 14
        2.6.2. Vision ............................................................................" .................... ..... .... ..... 14
        2.6.3. Poverty Redudion Strategy (PASP) .................................................................. 14
        2.6.4. Gender Poficies ................................................................................................. 15
     2.7.     Legal Framework ................................................................................................... 15
     2.8.     Environmentallnstltutlons ...................................................................................... 16
     2.9.     International Conventions ...................................................................................... 21
     2.10.    Environmental Apptication ...................................................................................... 23
     2.11.    World Bank Framework .......................................................................................... 24

       CH.AP1ER 3: PROJECT DEsc:R1'llON AND ALTERNA11VE8 ..................................... "··"............... 25
       3.1.    Environmental Assessment Objective .................................................................... 25
       3.2.    Development Project objectives ................................... ,........................................ 25
 '.. 113.3.    Project Area and Location ...................................................................................... 26
. ':3.4.       Urban Development ............................................................................................... 27
 >,' ~
    . 3.5.     Water Demand Projections .................................................................................... 28
         3.5.1.        Domestic Demand ......................................................................................,...... 26
         3.5.2.        Non-Domestic Defnand ..................................................................................... 29
         3.5.3. Water Losses ..................................................................................................... 29
         3.5.4. Required Water ProductiOn ............................................................................... 29
    3.6.     Proposed Water Supply System............................................................................. 30
    3.7.     Proposed Stages of ImplementatiOn of water supply designed works .................... 31
       3.7.1. Water Resources ............................................................................................... 31


    Draft EIA Report of Ohamar City
    Auaust. 2009
   3.7.2. ReservoifS, ................................................... " ................................................... 31
   3.7.3. Transmiuloo and Distribution Mail'ls ................................................................. 31
   3.7.4. Water Supply House Connections ........................... " ..................... " ................. 33
3.S.     Chlorination FacIIH:y................................................................................................ 33
3.9.     Proposed Wastewater Collection Syltem ............................................................... 34
   3.9.1. Design Outline ofWaBtewater COIIedion ........................................................... 34
   3.9.2. Sewerage Network ............................................................................................ 35
   3.9.3. Sewer House Connections ................................................................................ 35
3.10.    Proposed Wastewater Treatment System .............................................................. 35
   3.10.1. Wastewater Quantities ...................................................................................... 35
   3.10.2. Proposed Location for Wastewater Treatment Pial'lL ....................................... 35
   3.10.3. Prelirrinary Sizing and detail of Treatment Facility............................................. 37
   3.10.4. RequlmdLal'ldArea .......................................................................................... 40
3.11.    Summary of proposed works and estimated capital OO$ls ...................................... 41

CHAPTER":            DescFlP110N OF CURRENT ElMRONMENTAL ANO SOCIAL STATUS OF
                     me PROeJCT A:R£A ·__ ....._············_............................. _.............................. 43
4.1.     ExIsting Socio-.economic Conditions ...................................................................... 43
   4.1.1. Location, Hstory and Population ....................................................................... 43
   4.1.2. Education ............................ " ............................................................................ 44
   4.1.3. Health Situation ................................................................................................. 44
   4.1.4. Agl1cultural Acl:ivlties ......................................................................................... 45
   4.1.5. EIe<:tl1dty and communication ........................................................................... 45
   4.1.6. Labor forces ...................................................................................................... 45
   4.1.7. Tourist Eab!ishrnents ...................................................................................... 46
4.2.     Water Resources and Climate ......................... .,. ................................................... 46
   4.2.1   Rainfall and Humidity....................................................................................... 46         H




   4.2.2. Temperature, wind and evaporation ..............................................................-...$1
   4.2.3. WtIIK and SanHatkln ...................................................................................._
   4.2.4. Existing Water SUpply System ........................................................................... 51
   4.2.5. Required Wat.er PnKIudion ............................................................................... 52
   4.2.6. existing Wastewater DilpOMl Sy1stem and Treatment Plant .............................. 53
4.3.     Ecologtcal and ~fcaI Conditions.............................................................. 55
   4.3.1. Flora .................................................................................................................. 55
    U~                                                                                                                                 55
   4.3.3. Archaeology ...................................................................................................... 55
4.4.     Topography. Soil and Geology ............................................................................... 56

CHAPTERS:           GUIOEUNes     FOR   ceNOUCT1N:G               ENVIRONMENTAL                  IMPACT
                    AssESSMENT IN YEMEN .................................................................................. 59
5.1.        Introduction ............................................................................................................ 59
5.2.        Objec::tives .............................................................................................................. 59
5.3.        Environmental category Checklist ............................................. ,........................... 60
5.4.        Policy Fra~ and Seleded Safeguards .......................................... " ............ 62

Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City
Aupust. 2009
55,                    of                   Po!lc!f;S
    !Hi.1.       Resetilemeni " .,                                                                                                      .,.62
                 Natural Habitats.                                                                                                         .64
                 Culturm Resources .. " .....                                            , ........... ,. .. ,,",. , ........ , ..... " .... 56

CHAPTER 6: ScoPING AcTMlIEs AND COMMUNITY CONSUl.TA11ONS ................................... 69
6.1.     Scoping Objectives and Methodology .................................................................... 69
6.2.     Main Outcome of the $coping Sessions ................................................................. 72
   6.2.1. Public heaI1h and environment .......................................................................... 73
   6.2.2. Sodo-economic issues ...................................................................................... 73
   6.2.3. Biodiversity and cultural issues.......................................................................... 74

CH;V'TeR 7:          ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPAClS FOR THE WATER AND
                     SANrrAllON PRoJEcr8. .................................................................................. 7S
7.1.     General .................................................................................................................. 75
7.2.     Envlronmentallmpacts during preparation and construction phase ........................ 75
   7.2.1. Em-ironmental Impacts during Preparation and Construction Phases
           for the water resources development and water supply system ......................... 75
   7.2.2. Environmentat Impacts during Prepara1Jon and Construction Phases
           for the sanHation system and expansion of the existing wastewater
                treatment plant .................................................................................................. 76
   . 7.2.3.     Description of the anticipated negative impacts during the preparation
                and construction phase ..................................................................................... 77
7.3.     Environmental Impacts during Operation ............................................................... 83
   7.3.1. Negative impacts during operation phase due to the water
            development and supply project ........................................................................ 83
   7.3.2. 7.3.2 Negative impacts during operation phase due to the sanitation
            and wastewater treatsnent projects .................................................................... 83
   7.3.3. Description of the anticipated negative impacts during the operation
            and nmintenance phase .................................................................................... 83
7.4.     Anticipated Positive Impacts for the water and sanitation projeds during
         the construction and operation phase .................................................................... 65
   7.4.1. Benefits due to the construction of the water development and supply
                projects .............................................................................................................. 86
    7.4.2.      Anticipated Positive Environmental Impacts of the sanitation and
                wastewater treatment projects during construction and operation
                phase ............................................ ,........................................... ' ....................... 86
    7.4.3.      Description of the antidpated positive impaets of the water and
                sanitation projects.............................................................................................. 86

CHAPTER 8:          PROPOSED MITIGATION MEA8URES................................................~ ............... 88
8.1.     Impact Matrix ......................................................................................................... 88
8.2.     Mitigations Measures for the water development and supply projects .................... 88
   8.2.1. Mitigation during Construction Phase ................................................................ 68
   8.2.2. Water development and suppty project - Operation Phase ............................... 99
8.3.     Mitigations Measures for the sanitation and wastewater treatment and
         reuse projects...................................................................................................... 103

Draft EIA Report of ohamar City                                                                                                iii
Auaust. 2009
    8.3.1.       Mitigation during Construction Phase .... m                 ................................... " ................ "   103
    8.3.2.       Wastewater coHection and treatment projects - Operation Phase ................... 116

CHAPTER 9:           ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .......................................................... 123
9.1.     Genel1ll ................................................................................................................ 123
   9.1.1. Responsibilities of the CHent representative (ECO) ......................................... 123
   9.1.2. Responsibilities of the Contnlctor .................................................................... 123
   9.1.3. Responsibilltiesofthe Engineer.................... ,. ................................................. 124
92.      Arrangement for ImplenMntation of mitigation measures ..................................... 125
9.3.     Implementation progl1lmrne ................................................................................. 126
   9.3.1. Pre..oonstruction Phase .................... :.............................................................. 126
   9.3.2. Construction Phase ......................................................................................... 127
   9.3.3. Operation and MaIntenance Phase ............................ " ................................... 128
9.4.     Environmental Monitortng ................................................................." ................. 128
   9.4.1. Monitoring Activities...................................................................................... '"' 129
   9.4.2. Environmental Variab/es.................................................................................. 130
   9.4.3. Monitoring System ........................................................................................... 130
9.5.     Environmental Cost .............................................................................................. 131

CHAPTER 10: PROCEDURES fOR IMPlfMENTAllON OF THE ENVIROMENTAL
            MANAGEMENT PLAN ............... ········ ......... ····· ................................................ 132
10.1.    Management Plan Concept ............. ." .................................................................. 132
   10.1.1. Introduction............. " ....................................................................................... 132
   10.1.2. Environmental Control C>fficer.......................................................................... 132
   10.1.3. Environmental Awareness Training for Site Personnel .................................... 132
   10.1.4. Communication Procedures on Site ................................................................ 133
   10.1.5. Record Keeping ............................................................................................... 133
  10.1.6. Environmental completion statement.............................................................. 134
  10.1.7. Institutional Matters ......................................................................................... 134-
102.    Site Establishrnent ................................................................................................ 134
  10.2.1. Sensitive features and wetland areas .............................................................. 134
  102.2. Clearing and Grubbing .................................................................................... 137
  10.2.3. Construction CSmps ........................................................................................ 1~
  10.2.4. Site Building at Construction Camps .............................................................. 139
  10.2.5. Initial Earthworks Platforms ............. " .............................................................. 139
  10.2.6. Fuels snd Oils at Construction Carnp~L .......................................................... 140
  102.7. Cement at Construction C8mps ....................................................................... 140
  10.2.S. Pipelines .......................................................................................................... 140
  102.9. Aggregate ........................................................................................................ 141
  102.10. Fill & Layer works MateriaL ............................................................................ 141
  10.2.11. Paoong Areas ........................................ " .... ,................................................... 141
    10.2.12. Wash Bay at Construction camps ......................... ,......................................... 141
   102.13. Service Area .................................................................................................... 141
   10.2.14. Concrete B8tching Plant .................................................................................. 142

Draft ErA Report of Dhamar City                                                                                              Iv
Auaust 2009
                    I}ornkr fOIi,>ulling
                                 .--~




                                                                                                                                                           143
                                                                                                                                             ............ 143
                   i 0.3.    Construction ProcedUfl?is ....... "' .......................... , .............. .                                            144
                       10.3.1. Cut                   ....                «   ............................. .                                      . ...... 144
                       10.3.2. Fill...            ........................... .                                                                            144
                       W.3.;l Unstable                                                                                                                     144
                        03.4.            Wal!StruCiules..                                                                                                  145
                      1(13.5.                                                                                                                              145
                      10.3J). Borrow pits                                                                                                                  145
                      10.3. 7.              .. ............... " .......................................... " .............. " .........................   146
                      10.3.8.                                                                                                                              146
                      10.3.9.                                                                                                                              146
                      10.3.10. t>tGcKj:jlung ................. .                                                                                           146
                      10.3.11 Personnel                                                                     .. ....... " ...............................   146
                   10.4      Rehabilitation of Construction Activities.                                              ................................ ".   147
                       10.4.1. Construction
                       104.2. Sorrow Pits ....................... .
                       1CL4.J.

             ..
. , .. 'f~        CHAPTER 11: CONcWSlONSAND REOOMMENOATtONS ·· _ ................................w ....... ~.t.~ .. 14$

         '1
  ...,'.: Annexes
                                                                                                                             .    -n....'~'i....f.:
                  Annex 1: Yemeni Environmental Laws and Related EIA Regulations and Pollution
                  Control Production :~ . . ' .               + l2!3iF;JP>:P*"                                                   ~:'-:.~
   .:   -'                                                            "'-'

                  Annex 2:




                  Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                                                               v
                  AU<lust.2oo9
    U8t of Table8

    Table 2.1      Environmental and Sustainable Investment Program (2003-2008).
                   Program Aleas and Actions .......................................................................... 10
    Table 2.2      Govemment policy statement, strategies and programs relevant for
                   the environmental sector ............................................................................... 12
    Table 2.3      Indicative list of Yemeni NGOs active in yemen ............................................ 20
    Table 2.4      Global conventions ratified by the Government, containing
                   provisions relevant to environment ................................................................ 22
    Table 2.5      Safeguards Policies Triggered by the project ................................................ 24
    Table 3.1      Dhamar water demand ptOjections and deficits ............................................ 29
    Table 3.2      The Required Yields of the Welts .................................................................. 30
    Table 3.3      Minimum storage capacity for different horizons .......................................... 31
    Table 3.4      Number of households for water supply - Phase I Year 2015 ....................... 33
    Table 3.5      Number of househotds for water supply - Phase II Year 2025 ..... '" .............. 33
    Table 3.6      Number of households for sewerage - Phase r Year 2015 ........................... 35
    Table 3.7      Number of households for sewerage - Phase" Year 2025 .......................... 35
    Table 3.8      Design crHeria tor Ohamar City ..................................................................... 36
    Table 3.9      Proposed location of the Wastewater Treatment Plant .................................. 36
    Table 3.10     Dhamar Wastewater stabilization Ponds Preliminary Design and
                   Sizing ............................................................................................................ 39
    Table 3.11     Summary of Land Requirements for the Waste stabilization Ponds .............. 41
    Table 3.12     Proposed water supply system components ................................................. 41
    Table 3.13     Proposed Wastewater Collection and Treatment Systems ............................ 42
    Table 4.1      Population Enrolment Rate in Basic Schooling (6 to 15 years old)
                   by Sex according to 1994 and 2004 Censuses ............................................. 44
    Table 4.2      Reported diseases and number at cases in Dhamar Govemerate
                   during 2003 (Annual Sl:atislics Book, 20(4) ................................................... 45
    Table 4.3      Total cultivated area and breakdown by type of crops in Dhamar
                   Region .......................................................................................................... 45
    Table 4.4      Details of the existing drinking water wells .................................................... 50
    Table 4.5      Comparison of the current water quality of the wells in Samah with
                   WHO and Yemeni standards ........................................................................ 50
    Tab184.S       Dhamar Existing Piping System .................................................................... 52
    Table 4.7      The Required Yields of the WeI.s .................................................................. 53
    Table 4.8      Existing Sewerage Networtl: of Dhamar City .................................................. 53
    Table 4.9      Geological formation and ages in Dhamar region.......................................... 58
    Table 5.1      Category Checklist ........................................................................................ 61
    Table 5.2      Definition of the categories............................................................................ 61
    Table 8.1      Mitigation Measures - Changes in water regime ........................................... 89
    Table 82       Mitigation Measures - Traffic Intederence .................................................... 90
    Table 8.3      Mitigation Measures - Noise Generation ...................................................... 91
    Table 8.4      Mitigation Measures - Disturbance of current infrastructure .......................... 92
    Table 8.5      Mitigation Measures - Dust generation and Air quality.................................. 93
    Table 8.6      Mitigation Measures - Social implications ..................................................... 94
    Table 8.7      Mitigation Measures - Construction wastes and the improper
                   rnanagelTl9nt ................................................................................................. 95

    Draft EtA Report of Dhamar City
    Auaust. 2009




-
            Table 8.8          MrtigaHon Measures -            Construction camp and Site offICeS........................... 96
            Table 8.9          Mitigation Measures -           Aesthetic Impacts ..            n   ..................................................97
            Tabte 8.10         Mitigation Measures -           Hi$lorical and Cultural Impacts .................................. 96
            Table 8.11         Mitigation Measures             - Pressure on the strategic groundwater
                               reserve .........................................................................................,................ 99
            Table 8.12         Mitigation Measures - More immigration from the peri-urban areas ............ 100
            Table 8.13         Mitigation Measures - More burden on the responsibHlties of the
                               local corporation of water and sanitation ..................................................... 101
            Table 8.14         Mitigation Measures - More financial burdens on the new
                               subSCl1bers ................................................................................................. 102
            Table 8.15         Mitigation Measures - lBnd and property acquisitions ................................ 104
            Table 8.16         Mitigation Measures - Misuse of the untreated wastewater ........................ 105
            Table 8.17         Mitigation Measures - Changes in the wastewater collection
                               system and treattnent facilities ............ ,............. ,................. " ...................... 106
            Table 8.18         Mitigation Measures - Trafftc Interference................................................... 107
            Table 8.19         MItigation Measures - NoiSIB generation ..................................................... 106
            Table 8.20         Mitigation Measures - Disturbance of current infrastructure........................ 109
            Table 821          Mitigation Measures - Oust generation and AJr quality................................ 110
            TableS.22          Mitigalfon Measures - Social implications ................................................... 111
            Table 823          MitigatIon Measures - Construction wastes and the improper
                .,'

             ""~\I.:'~ ..£.-
                               rnanagernent ............................................................................................... 112
            Table 824          Mitigation Measures - Construction Camp and Site offices......................... 113
            Table 825          MItigation Measures - Aesthetic Impacts .................................................... 114
            Table 826          Mitigation Measures - Hstorical and Cultural Impacts ........... ........ ............. 115
            Table 827          MitIgation Measures - Misuse of the treated wastewater ............................ 117
            Table 828          Mitigation Measures - Generation of odors ................................................. 118
            Table 829          Mitigation Measures - More immigration from the perl-urban areas .......... ,. 119
            Table 8.30         Mftlgation Measures - More burden on the responsibilities of the
                               local corporation..................................................,.......................,..........,.... 120
            Table 8.31         Mitigation Measures - More flnancfal burdens on the new
                               subscribers .... .... ....... .·..... ......... ............................................... ...... ............. 121
    . '.' .,) Table 8.32       Mitigation Measures - Creation at employment opportunities ..................... 122
,       , !f.j Table 9.1       Environmental Impacts and Mitigation measures ........................................ 125
    ,. -:-t...; Table 92       Environmental Costs for Implementing the proposed mitigation
        ""'.'~'-
                               meaaurea .........................................................._     ......................................... 131




            Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                                                               vii
            Auaust.2oo9
    List of Figures

    Figure 2.1      Schematic Organizational Chart of the MWE ................................................ 17
    Figure 3.1     Genemllocation of Ohamar in relation to the whole country.......................... 26
    Figure 3.2      Location of Dhamar City................................................................................ 27
    Figure 3.3      Expansion of the development phases (2015 in green and 2025 in
                   orange) ......................................................................................................... 28
    Figure 3.4      Location of the expansion of the existing wastewater treatment
                   plant............................................................................................................... 37
    Figure 3.5     Process flow diagram of waste stabilization ponds for Dhamar ..................... 38
    Figure 4.1     Agro-Cllrnatlc zones and mlnfa/l of Dhamar Governerate (Agro-
                   Climate and Production Systems in Dhamar Governorate, 20(0) ...... ,.......... 46
    Figure 42      Average annual rainfall on Dhamar City for the period 1999--2004
                   (Source:Yemen Agro-Cllmate Guide, 20(4) .................................................. 47
    Figure 4.3     Average relative monthly humidity in Dhamar City for the period
                   1999-2004 (yemen Agro-Climate Guide, 2004) ............................................ 47
    Figure 4.4     Average, Maximum and minimum temperatures in Dharma City for
                   the Period 1987-2004 (Source: Vemen Agro--Clmate Guide, 2004) .............. 48
    Figure 4.5     Average monthly wind speed In Dhamar City for the period 1999 -
                   2004 (Souree: Vemen Agro-Climate Guide, 2004)........................................ 49
    Figure 4.6     Chamer existing wastewater treatment plant... .............................................. 54
    Figure 4.7     Stabilization ponds of the existing tr&8tment plant......................................... 54
    Figure 4.8     Reuse activities downstream the treatment plant .......................................... 55
    Figure 4.9     Geological map of Dharnar ........................................................................... 58
~   Figure 5.1     Schematic diagram. shows the steps for deciding on EIA level .................... 60
    Figure 6.1     $coping session in Dhamar - Dornier Consulting Representative
                   and OffICialS .................................................................................................. 71
    Figure 62      Dhamar - Maaber - AJ Baidah scoping session - Attendants at the
                   meeting ......................................................................................................... 71
    Figure 7.1     Example on areas that are bpeCted to witness trame congestions
                   in Ohamar durfng the constructiOn phase ...................................................... 78
    Figure 7.2     location of the existing and proposed wastewater treatment plant
                   with respect to Dhamar City .......................................................................... 84




    Draft EIA Report of Ohamar City
    Awust 2009
 ANNEXURE Of THE REPORT'
                             ~A·""",,";.,·;ti   sf ,   ~
 ANNEX 1;       Yemini Environmental Laws and related Regulations

 ANNEX 2:       World Bank Guidelines and Safe Guards

 ANNEX 3:       Questionnaire of the seeping Session, Ust of Attendants and Agenda of
                the Session

 ANNEX 4:       The Environmental Management Plan and Implementation Procedures

 ANNEX 5:       Waste Water Reuse and Sludge Management Plan




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City
Auaust. 2009
LIST OF....ABBREVIAnONS
      ,~




           AlEC             Average Incremental Economic Cost
           CBOs             Community Based Organizations
           DP               Development Plan
           EA               Envlronmeral Assessment
           EIA              Environmental Impact Assessment
           EMP              Environmental Management Plan
           ECO              Environmental COntrol Officer
           EPA              Environmental Protection Authority
           EPC              Environmental Pmtaction Council
           GOY              Govemment of Yemen
           ESIP             Environmental & Sustainable Investment Program
           HWC              High Water Council
           ha               Hectare
           LC               Local Corporation
           LWSSC            Local water SUpply and Sanlt~on Cooperation
           IMR              Infant MortaHty Rate
           EPL              Environmental Protection Law
           MWE              Ministry of WaIar a1d Environment
           MOTE             Ministry of Tourism and Environment
           MISA             Ministry of Insurance and Social Affairs
           MOPD             Ministry of Planning and Development
           MUSD             Million US Dollars
           MAl              Ministry of Agricultural and Irrigation
           MOPH             Ministry of Public Health and HOUSing
           ~SA              National Water and Sanitation Authority
           NWRA             National Water Resources Authority
           NEAP             National Environmental Action Plan
           NGOs             Non..Govemmental Organizations
           NWSSIP           National Water Sectoral StrateQV and Investment
                            Program
           OP               Operational PoDcies - Wand Bank Guidelines
           PWP              Public Worka Projects
           PRSP             Poverty Reduction strategy
           PMU              Planning and Management Unit
           PmgEMP           Programmatic Environmental Management Plan
           PDRY             People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
           RWSS             Rural Water SUpply and Sanitation
           SWF              Sodal Welfare Fund
           SFD              Social Fund for Development
           SEA              Sectoral Environmental Assessment
           TOR              Terms of Reference
           UWSSP            Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Proj6ct
           WSSP             Water Supply and Sanitation Projects
           WSSPs            Water Supply and SanHation Projects
           WWfP             Wastewater Treatment Plant
           YAP.             Yemen Arab RepubRc
           YER              Yemeni Riyal




Draft ElA Report of Dhamar City                                               1
Auaust. 2009
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Government Of Yemen via the Ministry of Water and Environment- National Water
and Sanitation Authority signed a Consultaney Service Contract with Domier
Consulting to conduct the necesury ast.ignrnents of the Urban Wfll.er Supply and
Sanitation Project Contract No. NWSACS-3;

The assignment Is divided Into two main components: the preparation of Sectoral
Environmental Assessment for the water and sanitation sector In addition to the
Specific Environmental Impact Assessment studies for the fourteen urban centers all
over the Country. Preparation of the specific environmental assessment entaUs the
preparation of the Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Reports and the
Management Plan. followed by the revision of the Client before subnittlng the Final EIA
and EMP Reports. as the last component of the assignment.
Based on the contrad agreement of conducting the specHlc environmental Impac
assesament studies of.a total of fourteen urban centers. The assessment was a
condition of the donors for Implementing the development plans under the water al'ld
sanitation sector. Each of the urban centers was studied thoroughly through other
contracts; A feasibility studies and preliminary design were prepared for propoted
water ~opment and supply systems. In addlUon to studying the sanitation systems
and wastewater treatment plant and reuse facilities.

The proposed development projects at Dhamar urban center was classified ··
Category "A" under the Wor1d Bank project category list, whiCh requires a lull EIA
study. The study was commenced with the fteld fnvestfgatJons and conectlng' the.
necessary environmental and socioeconomic data. ThiS was followed by conducting a
comprehensive public consultation sessions at the targeted center. The results of thtf
consultations were considered in the analysiS.

The Consultant defined the valued environmental components in Ofder to analyze and
evaluate the anticipated negative impacts for the new water and sanitation projects and
the ~ Improper measures at the center under impl~mentaUon, After conducting
the analysis of the anticipated negative and positive impacts, it was possible to define
the necessary mitigation and protection measures that need to be taken during the
construction and operation phases. These measures were translated into ~n
environmental management and monitoring plans with all required implementation
meChanisms.

The Consultant adopted the Wodd Bank Operational Guidelines 4.01 for the year 1994
and the related safe guards' poOoIea to conduct the required EIA components. TI1e
current Yemeni laws and bI laws that are llIIated directly and indlrect1y to the
environmental impacts of the project were reviewed and considered.

This EIA Report entails ten Chapters. four of them are related to the environmental
asseslment and mitigations at 1he project sites and the Environmental Management
Plan. wI'tefe the others diSCUHed the legal aspects, community consultations, base line
conditions and the results and I'8CDrnmendations. The proposed water development,
water supply. sanitation and wastewater treatment projects will definitely create a
number of negative Impacts during the conatrudion phase and tninimum impads_
~~The generated Irnpads differ from one caSe to another, but
n,oaCof tfieM im~s ararnanageabfe and mltlgable. The main impacts were the land
and property acquisition near the proposed expansion project of the 'WWTP in addition

Draft E!A ~eport of Dhamar City                                                     2
Au:luat. 2009
    to the Interference with the traffic and the current services to the residents. The
    uncontroHed usage of treated wastewater by the fanners is another challenge that was
    defined and the ~ssary mitigations were proposed. Details of an the anticipated
    negative Impacts and the requested mitigation measures were provided in the Report.

    The proposed development projects will improve the standard of living of the local
    communities within the project area and deliver the necessary water and sanitation
    services to the citizens of Dhamar City. This project will improve wastewater treatment


-   and reuse aspects for the residents and, farmers through introducing a civilized
    infrastructure to the required standards in Yemen. These projects will relief some of the
    city districts from the dally suffering of discharging the sewage from their septic tanks
    and minimize the risks of pollution due to the flooding of the cesspits.

    The scoping session activity was fruitful and touches base with the main concerns of
    the communities and resident. The main concerns were the expectations of Jhe traffic
    congestions due to the narrow roads in the City and the suffering due to the
    introduction of the detours and secondary roads, I fear of land acquisitions, I expected
    delay in the construction, dust and noise poIIution...:xpected interruption in the pubHc
    services like the commun~cation, aanttatIon and        r facilities due to the constructiqn
    works and other concems which were elaborated in separate chapter of this report.
                                ~                         ~
    It is essential that most of fhe mitigation measures IiVIIi be implemented at the impacted
    areas level in order to ensul9 the sustainability of the projects particularly during the
    construction and operation of the project with an effective participation of community
    and beneficiary groups. The Client should ensure that communities al9 involved in the
    progress of Implementing the project with proper usage of the new infrastructure

    It is also important to undertake monitoring program In terms of Implementing the
    proposed environmental plan so that the proposed mitigation measures are
    implemented. The monitoring should also foresee other environmental impacts that are
    probable to emerge and lay down strategies to overcome these impacts. The CHent,
    represented by the local corporation in Dhamar City, should create a specialized unit
    supervised by an Environmental Control Officer to follow up the implementation of the
    proposed mitigation measures and the management plan.

    Proper implementation of the EMP requires sound cooperation and coordination
    among all the stakeholders that will participate in the planning, Implementation and
    monitoring of all the proposed mitigation and preventive measures.




    Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                        3
    Auoust. 2009
CHAPTER 1:          INTRODUCTION

1.1.     Background

The Government of Yemen via the Ministry of Water and Environment signed a
consultancy setvtce contract with Domier Consulting GmbH on the 2!11' of September~
2005 to conduct the necessary assignments of tha Urban Water Supply and S8n1tatior1.
Project - Water Sectoral Environmental Assessment and Specific Environmental
Assessment, Contract No. NWSACS-3.

The rational behind the study was stemmed from the fact that water supply ~
sanitation sector of Yemen has currently employed remarkable efforts to meet great
challenges, particularly for the next 10 to 20 years. Major deep groundwater aquifers
are depleting causing often-serioUS groundwater quality deterioration. Addlllonafly, on~
Insufficient Information about distribution networks and house connections exists
                                                          "on
V\1ifhffilne-ifuay-'ofulAJf-CinRrfs,nraJnlOCUswas given tHirt8cllnlcallmprovef"rl4mt
and maintenance of water supply faCilities as well as the economic operation and
management of water resources.

In connection with reduction of water avaiability, increase of the population and their
water demand, the Gowmment of Yemen dewloped an appropriate 6trateg/c water
polley and pubnshed several programs and projects to improve the water supply and
sanitation for several urban centers. Presentty the existing water sector planning will be
asseued under environmental aspeds by the means of the Sectoral Environmental
Assessment (SEA) which Is a userul tool for the poley to Incorporate important
environmental aspects into the manag.ement of groundwater resources, the wastawater
treatment and the water reuse.

Due to .the lack of information and approved feasibility studies and water re8OUn::fP*
reports of the fourteen urban centers durtng the progress of phase II of this study (end.    J


of 2006 and all the year 2007), it was more practical fonn the Client's point of view.~~
based on the Consultant request, to freeze the WOI1aJ unfit the feasibilities documents
of the huo Consultants of Groups I and If accomplished their works and their reporJs
became accepted and official by the Cnant. By the end of 2007, both the Consultants
CECI and Arcadia accomplished their works on the Water resources reports (Task A)
and the feasibility studies and preliminary dealgn reports (Task B).

The ClIent requested the consuttant to resume the works (Reference PMU lettfr
0112608 dated 22f9I2OO7) regarding the RtIUlIIPUon of the work. This wu foDowed trY
revising the wo""
                schedule and sot ups to meet the deadllnea of the project.

This Draft EIA Report entails the analysis of the exist environmental conditions at the
City of Dhamar and the anticipated impada after the construction of theJWater 8fld
sanHation projects as scheduled until the year 2025. The report entailed the propoaed
mitigation measures and environmental management and monitoring plans.


1.2.     Study Objectfves

The requested aSsignments of this study was canted out by Domler Consulting In
accordance with the TOR of the Ministry of Water and Environment and the Wortd
Bank operational guideline OPJBP 4.01, in two main phases; first, the Sectoral

Draft EIA Report cA Dhamar City                                                       4
Auaust. 2009
      Environmentsl Assessment Study considering the ongoing program of Yemen's Uman
      Water and W~ Sector which was accomplished. tn the second phase, Project
      Specific Erwironmerrial Assessments for fourteen selected urban centers of the countIy
      are under consideration. These seteded urban centers are Ma'abar, Attaq. AI-GhaidS.
    ,~reb. Dhamar, AI-Baidah, AI Jawf. DaIB'a, Damt. Shebam, Al-Mahwet. Khamer and
I .,   ~J\4anakha.
I


        "1.1       Work Approach and Methodology

        WorX is scheduled Into two main phases as mentioned previously. WorX approach and
        Methodology for each of these phases will be elaborated in the following sections.
        Phase I which entails the Sectoral EJ'Nironmental Assessment of this study which was
        accomplshed and completed in 2006. The aecond stage ts the specific environme,.1
        impact assessment of the fourteen' urban centers which should generate 1<4 EtA
        studies, this report is one of theM reports. The following are the main steps that are
        requested during the implementation of this phase of the study.

        Phase II: Project Specific Environmental As....mems (PSEA)

        Phase II consists of the following tasks which were partially accomplished:

        )-      Stage (1): Seeping and basing on the SEA report

        Preparation of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) for 14 selected uman
        centers in Yemen will be based upon the guidelines developed by the SEA in Phase I.
        A standardized tool will be available for Wortd Bank claSSification of water supply and
        sanitation projects In these centers.

        )-      Stage (2): Preparation of Environmental Assessments

        That will entail the following sub -tasks:

             .r Inventory of documents and information:
        Acquisition of data and information from studtes, maps, Interviews with agencies and
        specialists, about all relevant water supply and sanitation projects Issues and under
        consideration of special requirements of each project (e.g. nature and COI1tefVatiO(I.
        local economy, mining if any, health service, urban planning, infrastructure
        development) .

             .r Compilation of environmental and soclo.economlc baseline data:
        Environmental and socio-economic configuration, project-specific spheres of potentillt
        impacts In dIract and indirect realm of pmjed areas wiD be cotlected, registered from
        documents and information, field investigations. The compilation takes place for the
        relevant iaaues as stated in the sub-project guidelines of the SEA-Report. Special
        attention will be given to the Environmental Baseline Resource Map drawn up by the
        engineering consultant.




        Draft EIA Report of DOOmar City                                                    5
        AUQust. 2009
  ./    S,?~~lng .~ ~oplng of potentlallmpaCUl:                  ,.... :"~ .~.k''-....   . _. _,,;,
Each water supply and sanitation project has impacts on the environment and belongs
to the category A or B-dass of the World Bank Environmental Assessment
cfassification. so PSEA must be carried out In several screening and scoplng meetings
the essential Issues and InvettIgations (ct, lQ!.eractions between the _pmIIc! arKt
public/private adMtIes) must be dlKussed with all relevant authorities and agencies,
taking the criteria of the guidelines of the SEA-Report into account. In the meetings all
documents. information and Atmarks on the subject must be pnJsented by all relevant
authorities and related groups.

  -/'   Field investigations and data analyses:

It should be checked, whether Investigations on potentially ifT1lacted areas and
analyses of existing data set. might be supplemented by field measurements or
laboratory analyses, performed by the engineering consultant.

        Environmental Impact Assessment of ImpaGlS on me nalUral and socio-
               resources by the project:
        ~ultural

Main objective of the EIA Is the assessment of ecotogical and socio-eultural effects
Atsulted from proposed facilities and their operauons In the project area. These effects
could be caused by water extraction, construcllon of water supply facUlties; leaky
sewage network, raw or Insufficient treated sewage and inadequate operating waste
water treatment plants.

»       Stage (3): Environmental Management Ptan
For each urban canter that entails water supply and sanitation project an
Environmentaf Management Plan (EMP) has to be developed. Based on the results of
the PSEA, the EMP pnJlents the poeitive expected effects and points out all the
measures required to mitigate potential negative effects of the project.

The EMP will contain Information, adMties, results and recommendations concaming
following issues:

  ./    The   main environmental Impacts
Environmental impacts caused by construction and operation of water faCilities.
Summary of the PSEA results.

 ../'   Mltloatlon and rehabilitation measures

Definition of mitigation procedures during the construction and operation pha...
Rehabilitation measures will be diecuS&ed (e.g. groundwater observation wens, soil
erosion protection, optimization of wastewater treatment), Boundary condition
specifications for wastewater reuse for Irrigation and drainage purposes, sludge
'disposal .

 ./     Implementation responsibilities

The Institutional responsibility for implementation of the mitigation measures wiN be
defined in detail, taking into account new regulations, management procedures,

Draft EtA Report of Dhamar City                                                              6
Au!::lust. 2009
training programs ana nnanaal support as well as tne special rore of local water
corporations .

     ./   Environmental Monitoring ActJon.

Main part of the EMP Is the development of monitoring actions for environmentaf
Inspection and supervision of proJect activities. Ecological effects will be controlled by
collection and documentation of critical and indicattve data material (e.g. groundwater
level, salinity parameter). Therefore, the m~ to be developed shoufd
contain a sampling and investigation scheme (e.g. Inspection frequencies, parameter
list).

     ~    Environmental capacity development

Appropriate and well sldlled staff (Environmental Agencies, environmental Control
Q!fice..!-~C.O) will be responsible to meet the environmental comm~
the project during construction and openijon phases. The deptoyment has to be
dMigned after tasks a1'8 deftned. The implementation and ensuring of the EMP wftl altJO
be In responsibility of the ECO. HIs J'8SDOrIlibilties. costs and indicative terms of
references will be annexed to the EMP·

     ./   Overview of EMP actions, ....po....lbliitle. and costs

By means of a matrix format table, an overvtew on EMP activities, responsibilities and
costs for actions to be 1Ildertak.en during construction and operation, rehabiItation
actions and actions required for monitoring.

The EMP will indude all the protective instruments in accordance with World Bank
Safeguard Policies, whenever It is applicable, particularly with f998rd to

          ·   Policy 4.01 "Environmental Assessment-
          ·   Policy 4.04 "Natural habttats
          ·   Policy 4.11 ·Cultural Property"
          ·   Policy 4.20 ·'ndigenous People"
          ·   Policy 4.30 "Involuntary resettlement

Funnennore, relevant polICIeS on me water sector ana wastewater (e.g. reuse for
irrigation) will be advised in a draft paper and incorporated into the EMP.

)0        Stage (4): Environmental Monitoring Plan and Program

In the context of the EMPs, the defined monitoring actions have to be converted into
spectfic monitoring plans and programs. Corresponding to the dlft'erent phases of
monitoring, investigation procedures wtll be specified In detal

The Environmental Monitoring Plan determines standard method&, lnonltoring
equipment and boundary cordIoM tar U8CUtion of the rnonftoring proceas.
Characteristic parameters, acting as indiC8lOfS for environmental quality and eftIciency
of plants, field and laboratOf)' inve......R methodI, ~ing lites and sampling
frequencies, data processing and F8p0rting wi. be estabhhed in this dowment.


Draft EJA Report of Ohamar City                                                       7
August. 2009
Comparable and reliable results    are   required for evaluation of status and trends of
natural and cultural resources,


1.4.     Pro~     Organization

The Project Management Unit PMU of the Urban water Supply and Sanitation Project
is the responsible Governmental party for preparation and Implementation of the
project and reports dkectIy undef the supervision of the Ministry of water and
Environment. Cornier Consultant 118 the responsible for the preparatfon of the SEA and
PSEA and related tasks will c::aonilnate and unle the necessary activities with an
parties concerned. 0Iher gowJfmIWlIIII1 auI1ofiUes, mainly NWSA (Contractual party), EPA
(envtronmenlaf protection agency) and the local water and sanitation corporations are key
partners in this study.




Draft EtA Report d Dhamar City                                                      8
Auoust. 2009
                        CHAPTER 2:
                                                                                                                        ,    t

                        2.1.       Environmental Policy In Vemen

                        Yernen natural resources are the basis for the nation development. The/depletion or
                        degradation   rJ these resources leads to · loss rJ the country assets and undermined
                        the future development. Therefore, the GOY has established institutions and
                        responsibilities for environmental management, joined intemetional conventions and is
                        currently developing additional sector legislation and procedures. A National
                        Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) was adopted in 1995 and the environmental
                        Protection Law was enacted at the same year. The NEAP established priority issues
                        and actions In the main environmental field such as:
                               ·   water resources;
                               ·   land resources;
                               ·   natural habitats; and
                               ·   waste management.

                        During the late 90's and the beginning of 2000's, the Govemment developed major
                        strategies such as the Soootra Archipelago Master Plan and the Biodiversly,
                        Ecotourism, Women and Environment strategies. Parallel to this, the pubHc awarenns
                        and concerns have grown, supported by the increased 000 actiVi1y and the media
                        involvement in the environmental issues.

                   Regardless of these efforts, Yemen is facing seOOUI environmental problems: a severe
                   water crisis, large land. forests and unique habitats are being lost; waste pollutiOn Is
                   negatively affecting population health. poverty and development opportunities. It has
                   been clear that the country needs more investment in sustainable environmental
                   management. Conscious of this ne,!d. in October 2002, the Environmental Protection
                 .Authonty (EPA)IMOTE Issued the -Environmental & Sustainable investment Program
                 ,,2003-08' (ESIP' which constitutes the framework for Government's environmenQiI
                        policy of the ne.xf:vears.,           . .                                                   . '~'.
                                                   '. .             _.\_:..~"~;t~ ..._. :._ ~ .   _-J   ....   '::"N¢irtfa~
              The ESIP presents an ouUine strategy and priorHy Interventions aimed at controllif'lg
              and gradually reversing the above trend and supporting the sustainable hUl'llEm
              development for the people of Yemen. The ESIP Is already under Implementation 811d
              it focuses on 6 main areas of intervention, conSistent with the Mandate and Resou~s
              of the Ministry of Tourism and Environment (from April 2003 Ministry of Water and
          . ·~Environment). These are:
     ,
*,   ,~     .            , 1. Habitat and biodiversity conservation.
     ,'" ...... ~.::.
      ,      ,,'~
          _.$;",.        '/2. Sustainable land management.
                              Sustainable water management.
                              Sustainable waste management.
                              SUstainable climate change and energy consumption.
                           6. InstitutionaJ development/capacity bundlng <as delivery mechanism for the
                              Program).

                        The various programs In ESIP with the actions required are summarized in the table
                        hereafter.

                        Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                                9
                        AUQust. 2009
    Table 2.1       Environmental and Sustainable Investment Program (2003-2008), Program Areas
                    and Actions




                                 ~
     Program Area                                                                                     Budget
                                                                                                     (mill US$)
     Habitliltand            ,             ~              and development program                           12.0
     Biodversity             ;    p~ 8I'1IliI ....... l         · V\llQge COfI6efVaOOn                       1.6
     Co~
                                  Coestal zone ~                                                             O.S
                                  Ero-tourism                                                                4.5
                                  Monitl.lmg                                                                      0.5
                                 ~~~m_                                                                            1.3 .
                                                                                                              20.7      +

     Sootail'leble \.NId                                                ndlanduse~                                0.7
     Management                   Action program for forest ~ and d~n                                             1.6
                                  improvement d maps for d degradation end ~                                      0.5
                                  support to land r~                                                              0.6
                                  Total for Progl'lllM Area 2-                                                    3.4
     ~IeWflt1!;r                  PoBution cootrol for fresh II'IBtar   r~      wars ~ and                        1.0
     Management                   W1Jte;harv~ ~
                                 S~rt tOOOhaoo6fMioFii* low and irloimattOn systool
                                                                                                 1
                                                                                                         mm   m   oj]
                                 Support to optimiz<:lOOn of water use end securing ~naj                          0.2
                                  water resource
                                  Awareness raising                                                               0.2
                                  Total for Program Nea 3                                                         1.5
     ~IeWaste                     DEMIIopment of      ~        reduction, reU'Se and recycling                    0.5
     Management
                                 ~                      -
                                 Management system fur hazardous woote                                            02
                                  Emergency unit fer ~ pollution                                                  1.0
                                  Implomentation of the sOOd waste m~ guidelines.                                 OS,
                                  e. 9 landfills
                                  Promotion of sold waate ~ systems.,legislatioo                                  0.1
                                 Awareness campaign                                                               0.2


-    S~Energy
     M~ment
                                 Totai for p~ AIa.4
                                 Promotioo of ~ energies
                                 Development of and energy use and aJr quaiity straegy
                                                                                                                  2.5
                                                                                                                  1.0 i
                                                                                                                  1.0
                                 Development of Ii natiooal Adoption S1rategy                                     2.e
                                 EstabIiI!tled of an energy ~ scene                                               0.1
                                                                                 --,-,-------         ..--- 0.21
                                 Total for Program P-rea '5 .
                                 ToUI for p~ Aru 5                                                                4.9
     I~I                         PClIicy development                                                         05
     Dewlopmentl DeWery
                                                              ,-"             ..         -               "---0:5
     Mecl1anM'is
                                 Infurma100end moniOOling                                                         0.5
                                 A~~end~--·-··-
                                                                                                                  1.0
                                 Community, NGO and ~~n'                                                          1.2
                                 Teclmology development                                                           0.5
                                                                                                                  oT
     Total for pri«ity Actions
                                 ~                                                                            30.2
                                                                                                                  4.8

     T*lblhe                                                                                                  31.S

    The ESIP was the guiding document in support of the Ministry of Water and
    Environment's strategic approach in the coming years. Also, it is one of the bases to


    Draft EIA Report of Dhamar city                                                                                10
    Auaust. 2009
                    establish dialogue with aU Ministry's partners and donors to raise awareness among all
                    stakeholders and GOY agencies on a wide range of environmental concerns in other
                    Investment al'88s.

                    Recently, the MinislJy of Water and Environment (MWE) proposed a National Water
                    Sectoral Strategy and Investmem Program (NWSSJP) for the period (2005-2009). The
                    Ministry of water and Environment is in charge of the most complex development
                    problems such   as:
                                                                                        ,.
                                                                        1'., ....   I   '

                          · the problem of water scarcity;
                                                                        ~ I~
                          ·   depletion of groundwater aquifers;
                          ·   providing dean drinking water for urban and rural pollutions;
                          ·   management and planning of the wastewater treatment; and
                          ·   management and planning of the water     resources and their use according to
                              the Water law.

                    The importance of water is not just for drinking and food production but it is considered
                   ?the basis for the nation development. Water availabiJly is an essential factor In pubfic
                   ~heelth. unemployment, poverty, women education, and the various areas of
                  Jdevelopment. Therefore, the establishment of MWE (2003) came to reftect the genef'filf
    .' ,           !believe that it is necessary to in charge a single govemment agency comptetety
                   lresponsible for water development and management. to ensure that the development
       \J - , " i s achieved within a sustainable manner and to continue with sector structural reforms

        -', :1  _ ~and to extend the participation of the communities and beneficiary. The participation of

       -I ~ , ·· tcommunities and therefore the decentralization of water sector call in the bearing the

I   \J ~ ~-' ;"water cost and taking In charge of their own water sewage management. Also, tt1e
    ~ -. ;          MWE is charged with achieving a rational and sustainable management of the
    :.:"'           environment in the various natural resources. In addition to that, the rote of MWE is to
                    support the implementation of the Water and Environmental Laws and raise the
                    awareness to protect water and other environmental resources from depletion and
                    pollution.

                    The expected investment (financing) from govemment budget is assumed to continue
                    at the level of 5O-S5 M USD annually for UWSS and 18-22 M usn annuaHy for ~.
                    These numbers partially in dude fundlng through other entitles such as the Social Fund
                    for Development (SFO) , the Pubfic Works Projects (PVVP). rural development pf'Ojecfs
                    and specialized intemational organizations.

                   The Government's general environmental policy and regulations are mainly embodiQd
                   in the table below.




                   Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                       11
                   Auoust. 2009
  Table 2.2     Government policy statement,             strategies and programs relevant for the
                environmental sector
                                                                                                                     .-~




  Statemem. stramuIM .... programs                                                     y.".
  NDna' Enwonmeotal ActIon Plan                                                        1996
  ElWIronmenh'li & Sustainable InVtl$tment PI'O$1flITi                                 2003-08
f--.                                                                                                      ,--~.,,~




  Bfoc:IvemiIy S1rat8gy (1999. i1 co.ne of ~ i1 December 20(3)                         1999-03
                                                                                                              ..   _.---
  Erwironmentsllmpect /ls6esanent Policy !'of" the Rep\t)lic of Yemen   (prepared      1997
  by E!JI"OOI'ISUR:-~)
  YewIy Reports on 1he state of Envi'onment (by EPA)                                   Yea1y
                                                                              ~




  E\I'8IUIiIlIon of Fub.n 0tMII0pment flthe ElASystem i1 Yemen (META?)                 2001
  Proposed National WatBr Sector S1retegy and Invesfment Program (NWSSIP)              2005-2009




  2.2.       ProcedU1'8S of Environmental Assessment Process
                                                                             t .....   · ,-' ....   .."    _ ._~
 An Environmental Impact Assessment policy for the country was prepared in 1996.
'This policy was prepared for EPC as an initial guide-·tew8rds preparing the necessary
~by-lawl regarding EIA. Due to the Imemational financing procedures, World Bank EIA
4Guidelines were dominant. For our study, theiP_~~ JJIW.LtJ~po.Jll..Jlr§
··e~~ed to cover the following major areas: . ..' - '" .  ..,,-,

         ·   an Information describing the proposed activities;
         ·   motivation for site selection and a discussion of altematlve locations;
         ·   analysis of the initial state of the environment at each site;
         ·   assessment of potential environmental Impacts including direct and indirect.
             positive and negative, cumulative, short or long term, permanent and
             temporary;
         · description of mitigation measures for significant adverse impacts and
           procedures on how to avoid, reduce, or remedy these impacts;
         · development of monitoring plan; and
         · brief and non-technical summary.


 2.3.        Selection criteria and characterization for environmental and socio-
             economic conditions

The selection of criteria for the evaluatIOn of the environment and soQCHconomic of
the program requires an intenslve review for all potential environmental impacts of the
project Is necessary. Regardless, if it has direct or indirect affects with regards to the
general environmental categories (Wood Bank classiftcation category A, B. C, A), The
selection criteria and characterizatIOn will consider the following measures:

         · favorable or unfavorable impacts of the program from design. construction and
           operational;
         · resettlement and land acquisition;


Draft EIA Report of Dharnar City                                                                            12
AUQlIst 2009
       · assessment of the project significance such as likelihood, intensity, risk and
         environmental impacts;
       · identification the potential significant Impacts with emphasis on special
         characteristics of the Yemeni environment;

The collected data and infonnalion are re\liewed and characterized in a scientific
manner, to achieve the best govemmental framework for the program objectives.


2.4.       Analysis and assessment of the alternatives for water and sanitation
           sector
The data should be investigated whether it has potentially affected areas and analyses
of existing data  sets might be supplemented by field measurements or laboratoty
analyses. These investigations coutd provide additional Informatlon for the
characterization of the project conditions or initial levels of water pollution with
quantitative information. The major Impacts of water supply and wastewater project
activities on natural and lOCio-eeonomlc conditions; project or facility
alternatives/modifications weAt evaluated.

Alternatives reviewed, compared and classified corresponding to their potential impact.
For each alternative measure total costs and benefits must be taken into account. Co'"
effectiveness and feasibility of the altematives are main aspects for the cfassification.
Assessment of alternatives will consider the fotlowing issues:

       · Review all the proposed alternative approaches from engineers to achieve the
         objectives of the program In cases of significant Impacts.
       · Consideration of altematives to the present and Intended water sector policy, If
         major et'I'ects must be feared for the environment.
       · Tabular comparison and analysis of major alternatives. their economic benefit
         and realisation under national and local condiions


2.5.       environmental Management Program
Environmental management has been given attention in Yemen. through various
actMties such as:

       ·   The consideration given to nationalenvtronmental organization,
       ·   The national environmental organization.
       ·   The national fund and
       ·   The environmentallegislatlon.

It became clear that despite important efforts in the environmental management made
In recent years, Yemen still lacks adequate institutional and regulatory frameworks to
manage Its natural resources, disseminate Infonnation concerning environmental
issues, and fully promote public awareness and participation. Environmental
management Is considered in an intemational context.. Yemen's has international
treaties and obligations are ratified by the Government.


Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                      13
Auaust. 2009
2.6.       Social development Policy

2.6.1.     PolldH and progmm
The Govemment of Yemen, In cooperation with intemational funding agencies stated a
series ~ poaces .,d programs alning at ameliorating the socto-economic situation in
Yemen. These can be summarised as fofIows:

         · The Social Welfare Fund (SWF), an agency under the Ministry of Insurance
           and Soda! Affairs (MISA) which provides transfers to those unable to work
           and to members oflle poontst section of Yemen sodety.
         · The Public Works Project, run by the Ministry of Planning and Development
           (MOPD). which Is designed to create short·tenn employment opportunities for
           those able to work.
         · The Social Fund for Development (SFO), which seeks to provide support for
           Iong-tenn development opportunities for the poor.

2.6.2.     Vlalon
Through Vision 2005, the Govemment of Yemen Identifies and supports the foIJowing
actions:

         · to develop and implement sustainable management and monitoring programs
           for water resources, land resources and agriculture. coastat zones,
           biodiversity and waste;                                               "- ".
         · to develop a desertification combating program;
         · to provide energy substitution;
         · to use environment friendly technology and enhancement of renewable energy
           resources;
         · to implement environmental Impact assessment for projects; and
         · to increase public awareness in aU environmental fields.


2.6.3.     Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRSP)
A key issue confronting Yemen is poverty. and the linkage with environmental
degradation, and resources depletion occurring in both rural and urban areas. There
are high levels of poverty In rural areas, people are living below subsistence levees and
they are using soils, forest and other resources at rates exceeding sustainable limits for
recovery and renewal. The poor have no other option than to adopt short-term survivpl
strategies. Also. Yemen's urban areas IllUstrate tne mutually reinforcing effects Of
poverty and environmental degradation. Foremost among the envtronmentallssues are
the healh problems resulting from substandard living conditions (like that do not shiefd
them from) human extracts, domestic refuse and other wastes.

The Govemment of Yemen adopted the poverty Reduction Strategy (PRSP) which
reflects the roJe of the environment for the living standard of the people in Yemen
whare the poor ant primarily reliant on the environment for their livelihood. They are
directly affected by the methods by which the environmental resources are exploited.


Draft EIA Report of Ohamar City                                                       14
AUQust, 2009
The Govemment has therefore decided that the following environmental pondes are to
be strengthened within the PRSP:

         · enhance the technical capacities of relevant institutions to develop
           comprehensive environment as wen as development projects and programs
           relying on community participation;                            '''7;' :

         · develop a legal framework;
         · institutional empowennent of local organization;
         · cany out field studies to assess environmental conditions;
         · find Incentives accompanying awareness campaign;
         · provide job opportunities through environmental projects; and
         · finance projects that provide soft loans for the poor.

In spite of the emphasis given to environmental issues in the PRSP, the budget
allocated by the GOY does not allow significant environmental measures to be taken in
support of poverty eradication. Out of the total planned spending of YR 446,384 Million
for the period 2003-2005, environmental measures will only amount to some 0.8% of
the PRSP budget.

2.6.4.     Gender Policies
Yemen's constitution dedares equal rights and obligation for men and women, and
makes discrimination on the basis of sex lUegal; the govemment capacity to enforce
such laws is weak, mostly due to inadequacy of the administrative apparatus. New
laws Introduced since Yemeni unification provide women more security rightS, yet
without effective enforcement, these are virtually ineffectual.

In 1997, the govemment adopted the Yemeni Women's National Strategy. Among the
institutions established to work on women's issues Is the women National Committee.
Its duties include cooperating with local, regional and intemational organizations
involved in women's projects, conducting studies relating to women, contributing to
women's legal awarenass, and hOlding workshops and conferences. Its effectiveness is
hampered, however, by lack of adequate fUnding; abSence of coordination at a nationfII
level. unavailability of data disaggregated by gender. and ambiguity of Its goals.


2.7.       Legal Framework

EIA. in Yemen, is enabled by the Environment Protection Law No 26 of 1995 (EPl).
The provisions of this framework law are implemented through Executive Regulations
(By-Law 148--2000), Issued by a decree Of the Council of Ministers. A copy of the
Environmental Protection Law for the year 1995 and the EIA regulations for the y"r
2000 are attached in Annex 1 of this report.

The objectives of the Environment Protection Law are to protect the environment, to
reduce pollution, and to protect natural resources, society, human health, and living
beings from activities that damage the environment. In addition, the law is designed to
protect the national environment from acti\'fties practiced beyond the national
boundaries and to implement international commitments ratified by the Republic of
Yemen in relation to environmentsl protection, control of pollution, conservation of


Draft EIA Report Of Dhamar City                                                    15
Aucust.2009
 natural resources, and the protection of such globally important environmental
 ele~.nt$aJ Ull Q~fW layer and climatic Changes.

 To     a~oKf'fJtu~ i~e     environmental effects, the law stipulates the Incorporation of
 environmental considerations in economic development of plans at all level and stages
 of planning for all sectors. It requires the preparation of environmental assessment for

                                          i 'Ii
 all projects proposed by the govemment, public, private and cooperative agencies, and
 foreign companies. No licenses are                Issued fCLProjects t.hat degrade the
 environment However. there is as . ... . $,.ulatotV""framework. to support the
 implementation of the Environment Protection Law and the provisiOn of undertaking
tenvironmental assessment for projects is not enforced.

 The competent bodies for EIA defined in the EPL ate those government bodies with
 powers under other legislation to approve development activities (e.g. line Ministries).
 The Envkonmental Protection CouncIl (EPC) was given the responsibility of
 coordinating the actMtles of the competent bodies, and providing advice to them. In
 2001 the Government of Yemen transfelTBd the EPC into the Environmental Protection
 Autholfty (EPA).

 Environmental Standards and SpecifICations have been prepared by the former EPC
 as amexes to the Executive Regulation., covering potable water quality, wastewater
 quality for agrtculture, and ambient air quality, emissions, noise, biodiversity and
 protected areas. These Include standard application forms intended for use by all
 relevent government bodies.


 2.B.      Envlronmentallnstituttons

 In the following sections there will be elaboration about the inStitutions that are worklng
 directly or indirectly in the environmental sector with more focus on the water and
 sanitation activities in the country.

 }r      Ministry of Water and Environment (MWE)

The Ministry of Water and Environment was created after the election of April 2003.
The estabfishment of MWE came as a natural development of previous governmentel
efforts on the Water supply and Sanitation Sector Reform. The efforts started with
establishment of the High Water Council (HWC) in 19808, than foIk:Jtl.led by
establishment of the National water Resources Authority (NWRA) in 1995. The effort
continued and actions are taken in the direction of decentralization of urban Water
Supply and sanitation Sedor through the transformation of eligible branches of the
National water and Senitation Authority (NWSA).

Previously, the Ministry of Tourism and Environment (MOTE), created in 2001 with tf1e
Republican Decree 32912001-Art1de II. had the mandate to manage and orga~e
tourism, with aim of developing It into a prosperous Industry resource, while
maintaining and protecting the environment. figure 2.1 is schematic organizational
chart of the MWE.




Draft ErA Report of Dhamar City                                                         16
Auall!lt. 2009
    rlgur<! 2.1   Schematic Organizatlona! Chart of the MWE




-
                                                                      ,   '




    ;;.   Environmental Protection Authority (EPA)

    EPA, established by Decree 60112005. under the mandate of the Minister or Water and
    Environment is the official and specialized governmental agency fOr environmental
    protection and natural resources conservation to the EPL and other legistation in force.
    with statutory planning. licensing. monitoring and auditing functions as well as to
    estabtish functions as well as to establish branches in the governorates if prescribed by
    a decree from the Minister based on a proposal approved by the Minister or CMI
    Services and Insurance.

                             the Environmental Protection Council (EPC). established In
    1990 with the responsibility of coordinating the activities of the competent and providing
    advises to them to manage and protect the environment. It was an official organ of the
    state under the Council of Ministers on the implementation of the Environment
    Protection Law.

    The aim of the EPA is to ensure that all planned investments in Yemen are sustainable
    and not in conflict with long-tenn preservation of the country's national resources which
    are the very basis of its economic and human development.


    Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                       17
    Auoust. 2009
     The organizational chart for the EPA staff is lead by a Chainnan and a Deputy
     Chainnan managing 3 Directorates (Natural Resources; Control and Monitoring;
I    Planning and Environmental Data) and 4 units (Climatic Change; Ozone Unit; Women
     and Environment; local Environment 18Il.eI)..The AuIKHtty has alSO two dapartments:
                         _net
    .one for legal Affairs  one for Awarenass Raising, NGOs and Infonnation.

     COmparing EPA with tile . a r EPC which had just a COOrdinating role the new EPA
    1has a dear mandate to Im4imem tn.wironmentat reg'islatlon and to execute projects
     under the following main objectives;

           · protect the environment. conserve of Its balance and maintaining the
             ecosystems;
           · combat the different kinds of pollution and avoiding any damage or negative
             impacts of various development projects,
           · protect and develop the natural resources and conserve the life qualities in
             national environment from the damages coming out side the national
             environment;
           · protect the SOCiety, human heaHh and other organisms from the different non-
             environmentaty activities;


-          · eliminate air poHution and Impacts of dimate changes.

     The duties and attribution of the EPA to achieve Its objectives are the following:

          · propose ana Imptement paRaes, strategies and plans for pnneamg the
            environment, its components, conserving balance, ecosystems, combat the
            dlfrerent kinds of poHution and conserving the natural resoun:::es from
            degradatior
          · prepare national emergency plans to face the natural disasters and pollution in
            coordination with concemed agencies;
          · carry out environmental surveys and datermine the areas, resources and
            species, which require the adoption of legal procedures for their conselVation.
            Protect the fauna and flora, wild and marine birds accon:fing to the laws in
            force and monitor their application;
          · prepare proposals for Jaws related to environment protection in coordination
              with MOTE and concerned agencies;
          ·   pursue the Implementation of policies, established criteria and stipuiated by
              public and private establishments. Jmplement the procedures established by
              the E.PL and other existing legislation In coordination with ~n9!m9d
             a,gen<;!!tS;
          · ,tmgo_prinClples. procedures and tenns of environmental Impact assessment
             and review' EIA studies of public and private projects to give EPA Opinion and
             monHor their lmpIemen1atlon;
          · impose the national criteria to protect the environment from poaUUon. conselVe
             the natural resources and monitor the national criteria Implementation in
                                                 -
             coordination with concerned agencies;
                                ----~ .....
          · impiement the international comrritments related to environmental protection
             that has been ratified by the Republic of Yemen according to the exciting
             legislation;

    Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                       18
    Auaust, 2009
           · collect the International and regional data, information related to the changes
             on environmental and natural resource periodically in coordinatiOn with
             concerned agencies. Assess these data and Infonnation to be used In
             environmental pfannlng and managemem
           · prepare regular reporta documentations on the environmental status and the
             main environmental indicators in the Republic of Yemen to be published
             periodically;
           · propose protected areas and manage them in coordination with concerned
             agencies according to the existing legislation;
           · prepare integrated plan for coastal zone management in coordinatiOn with
             concerned agencies;
           · prepare and implement environmental awareness programs in coordination
             with concemed agencies
           · participate in preparing educational programs to introduce environmental
             protection concepts in curriculum for different levels in coordination with
             concerned agencies;
           · follow up the implementation of the environmental policies and regional
             conventions related to the environment In which Yemen has a part; prepare
             proposal of required laws and programs to be implemented as result of the
             signed conventions and submit regular reports in coordination with MOTE.
           · prepare and Implement pilot projects and mechanisms to encourage the
             different activities necessary for eliminating air pollution and the impacts of
             climate change; and
           · provtde technical consultation to the governmental organization, public and
             prtvate sedors In different environmental protection fields.

   ,       Other Government Agencies (Indirectly related to environmental protection)

  At present there is no formal role for other Government agencies in enforcing the EIA
  process, whether it is through the central Government or though local governments cd
  the different governorates. Most of their roles are in development plamingt especially
  In Initiating and Implementing projects and in securing support through the Govemor
  where appropriate.

  Ministries and Govemment bodies, which may have indirect relationship with EIA
  implementation. are listed here below:

       ~   Ministry of Agriculture .nd irrigation (MAl):

,.,~he Ministry of Agriculture and Irrtgation has overall responsibility In overseeing the
,li"rrigation sector. Imgatlon consumes about 90% of the national available water
    resources.

       t/National Water Resource Authortty (NWRA):

  establshed In 1995, the NWRA is charged with the responsibHIty of managing,
  developing, exploiting, end conserving the nation's water resources. NWRA is
  mandated to prepare basin plans and monitor water resources.



  Draft ElA Report of Dhamar City                                                       19
  August. 2009
       .,   Ministry of PubUc Health (MOPH):

 the Ministry of Public Heafth (MOPH) Is responSible for the overall health sector in
 Yemen, including financing, planning, regulation, management, and provision of health
 servtces at all levels (specialized hospitals, district and rural hospitals, governorate
 hospitals, health centers and primary health care in MOPH facilities either free of
 charge, if indigent, or by paying subsidized user charges for better-off collected at the
 faciity level. Yemen does not have a compulsory health insurance system.

  )-        Non - Governmental Organizations

 There Is evidence, however, of the expanding role of the private sedor and NGO in the
 delivery of basic serviCes to the citizens and preserving the environment. Thefe is at
 present no official role of NGOs In EIA, except as organized for international funding
 bodies. There are however a reasonable number of Yemeni NGOs that, in theory. may
 have a role to play In the EIA process. A list of NGOs that may refevant to the Walel
 and Wastewater Project Is shown in the table belO'N.

 Table 2.3        Indicative list of Yemeni NGOs active in Yemen
 NGO                                          A.... of Adtvfty
 ~             rille Envi'onmert              Specialized Sodety
 Association for EnvironrneoteI               SpeciaIzed Society
 Comrmri::ators
 Yemeni Environment Pn:Itection                       Increase IIWWene11i8 cI emIironmental issues, ClOOI'dInele witt
 Society                                              government and NGCls to inplement erwi'omlental ptOjeds and
                                                      promote illUBfl!li'table deve/opmert prlld:il::es eapeciaIy i'l R\OII
                                                      .888.
   AJ Yemen N Khadhra                                 Protuetion of Ile rural envi'onment
   WIldlife Protedion Sooi8tY                         SpecWzed Society
   Urban Development Society                          SpedaIzed SocIety
   Wei·· Asaociaticns                                 CBOs WeIIfn Aaeoc:iations have largely replaced local
                                                      development ~ as the mai1 avenue fa' sponI!IOring
                                                      rural de'olllapment Often reflected exi$ting aooiIi structures and
i-::':::-.;;""      ...·.,..~-.""-".-.---,,"- ··.-.-- merkBd by ~ trileI aI'fIiatIons
   NOO NetworkforWomeo                               -To provide organizational s!rucfure for the ~ of               ..w.n
                                                      on women's isaufIrI and to provide q,ut into development
                                              projecta~

 Social Organization for farnIy               To provide tnMnlng and health care to poor women and chldren
 Development
 Yemeni Family Care AssodatIon                _ provide maternal and child
                                              To _ _ of famIy care servico6.health services and increase

 Yemeni WOfTte('(s Union                      To improw IiIuation d women, economically, soc::ialy and
                                              culb.lraly and encourage ~n i'l deveIoprnent

 Unfortunately. the I'$ality is that just these NGOs can be considered truly effedive, ~r
 potentlalty, as key players in the EIA process or the implementation of a sector strategy
 in the tutUI'$. There are a number of reasons for this:

        1. The NGOs are in fad qusst-govemment agencies in Yemen therefore cannot
           be viewed as independent bodies by the poputation. tn effect any NGO
           operating effectively Is perceived to do so only as a resuft of through
           government patronage.



 Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                                                        20
 AuoU8t. 2009
    2. The restrictions on the independence Of NGOS Imposed by the law, few NGOs
       haw the ability to organize and manage to a level that suggests they could
       operate a8 an effective element In a sector stl'1ltegy.
    3, The strength of Yemeni traditions and customs. in pafticul8l' the powerful family,
       clan and tribal linkages and UICICiated support mechenisms are 'unrelated' and
       independen~             ... ·.· :th.fPA.t;.7 .                      '.' .i.e
                                tI"_   ~)IIMft.J"   sr:' 'I! _             ".. \ :~.. ~~, .. ~_ ....

The dired public participation In decislon-maldng commonly takes place through
established social mechanisms.


2.9.       International Conventions
Yemen has International environmental law obligations that are directly A!tIated to its
national environmental planning activities and concern the marine and terrestrial
habitats. Many of the global treaties were rattfIed by either the farmer YAR. and/or by
the fanner PORY. According to Unification Declaration. the international conventions
ratified in this manner remain valid and are applicable to the whole nation.

Intematlonal conventions have little or direct Impad on environmental conditions In
poor developed countries. In most cases the international law is implemented through
the national local legislation and en'itronmental actions, various scenarios may OCCI,If
which Is depending on each particular case:

       · The international agreement may already cover by similar national laws. and
         no particular adIon is required to be taken to comply with the international
         agreement.
       · The implementation of the international law may be in line with national
         legislation
       · International agraements may require new or substantially changed national
         laws and new compliance measures.

Yemen is signatory of more than 20 international conventions on environmental issue,s.
Those relevant for the environmental are indicated In the table below.




DraftEIA                                                                                       21
Auaust.
    Table 2.4      Global conventions ratifled by the Govemmant, containing provisions relevant to
                   environment
    COI"MInfon                                    P1Ice .. DaIa of Slipulatlon   RaftflcaUon dMa In Yemen
    Fl'WYIfJW'Ofk Convention on Clm. Change       New York, 1992                 3.12.1995
    Convention on Biologk:el Diversity            Rio de Janerio, 1992           3.12.1995
    Convention on the Control of Transboundary    BaseI,1989                     1992
    Movemert of HIIl.'aI'dous Wa$f.e6 and their
    Disposal
    ProtoooI on Stmstances that DepIets the Momresl, 1987                        Approved by Pdamem

                 for the Protection of Ihe Ozone I VIenna. 1985                  3.12.1995
    layer
    Regional COI"Nention of the Conservation of Jeddah, 1982                     20.8.1985
    the Red Sea and the Gulf af Aden
    (PERSGA)                                                                                                            "'''''-

    Agreement on Baming the Use af Geneva, 1977                                  5.10.197&
    TedYIologies that Change the Envi"onment
    for Military P\.I"po$e$ arxi for any Other
    Aggression                                                                               ..
    ProtDcoI on Interference on High Seas in London, 1973                        30.3.1983
    CII!i8 of Marine Polution wiIh SUb6tances
    other tha'1 Oil
    Convention on the Prevention of Maine London 1972                            6.3.1~79
    P<i/utX)n by Dumping of Wet/1StfJ8 and other
    MattBt
    ConventiDn on Intervention on H." Seas in BnimIs. 1996                       4.6.1979
    Case of CataWophes of 01 Poikition
    Agreement on CMI Respon&bility conceming BnaJeIS,--1ge9--amfmded
                                                                                            __   """"_"_"_"~~A   _ _ _ .. "


                                                                                 4.6.1979
    DaTlage from Oil Pollution                     London. 1981
    Convention for the Prevention of PoIutIon of 1954                            6.6.1969
    The Sea by Oil
                              "'""''''-,,



    The Yemeni Government is concerned about effective implementation and
    enforcement of international obligations in light of national financial and managerial
    constrains. Some conventions heve not been signed by Yemen due to the tack of
    funds. Ratification of other international environmental conwntions has been slow for
    similar reasons. These Include:




-
          · Convention on the conservation Of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn.
               1997).
          ·    Convention on international Trade in Endangered Species of \MId Fauna and
               Flora-CITES, (Washington, D.C. 1973).
          ·    Convention on Wetlands of Intemational Importance EspeciaHy as Waterfowl
               Habitat (Ramsar. 1971).

    Implementation of intematlonal treaty obligations Invariably becomes the responslbillt)
    of national agency. It appears that, in Yemen, the capaciUes of national agencies to
    deal with the technical complexities and reporting requirements of intemational
    agreements are not sufficient. For example, Yernen is a party to several international
    conventions dealing with the marine environment, but does not haw sufficient capacity
    to enforce them. It is clear that the assignment of new responsibilities to an agency te
    imptement internationaf treaties should go parallel with technical strengthening Of thE
    agency concerned.                       '


    Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                                                22
    AUQust. 2009
2.10.      Environmental Application

This section includes information on Yemen's environmental application. The
Govemment general environmental policy provides a broad framework for
environmental management, and there ara some regulations, policies and laws
available in hand which should be improved and Implanted to environmental application
for the water sector.

Th~nt Government policy in water sector is mainly to solve the probfem Of water
scarcity, stop the depletion Of groundwater aquifers, and provide a clean drinking water
for urban and rural population, management and planning for wastewater treatment
and the water resources. The govemment of Yemen has developed different projects
and programs with international links to achieve these policies. An example Of these
efforts is a project to strengthen water resources management capabilities aimed at
national capacity-buildings in water re80WC8S management to establish an
independent and natural water resources authority. This projed funded by UNDPI and
the Netherlands Government.

Other important issues related    to   the water sedor were embodied in laws and
regulations as follows:

        · Water Law No. 3312002
        · Project for Water standards and Reuse. 1999
        · Environmental Protection Law 2611995
        · Established EPA, by Decree 60112005 and the framework By-Law 14812000
        · Additional regulations, procedures and specifications.

The lack of proper sedoral environmental policy, enforcing regulations and
imptementation of management programs which are the main driver to the
development of the water sector. Copies of Water ~~I E;P~ -~i~~~~
attached as Annexes to this report.               .:




D.dft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                     23
Awust. 2009
                                                  ..
  2.11.       World Bank Framework

  The Wol1d Bank has defined the Environmental and Social safeguard for all Wor1d
  Bank financed projects. ~ particular relevance for Yemen water Prog'l'ffl aJe
  shown In the table below. ~             I
                                              J
                                                       ·                                                                    ·




  Table 2.5       Safeguards Policies Triggered by the project
                                                                             - - - - - -...........-   r::--.-'~'.   .........
  Policy                                                   1Werence~                                    ApptIcaIlIIIty to I
                                                                                                        w.w sector In r
                                                                                                        YtIIMn
  1       Envi'onmental 8I'lI88StIfl'Ie                    OPJ BPI GP 4.01                              Yes
  2       NabnI habitats                                   OP/4.·"                                      Y-
  a       Peetm~                                           OP4JJ9                                       Yes
  4       CUt..... property                                OPN 11.03. beWlg nMaed as OP 4.11   Y8$


~=-
                                                   OB/BP4.30                                   Y8$
                                                   00 4.20, bWIg reviled as OP 4.10            No
  7      Foresby                                   OPI BP 4.35                                 Yes
  6      SeIety of dams                            OPIBP4.37                                   Y.
  9      ProjectB in dispI.Ud areas                OPI BPI GP 7.6                              No
  10 ProjectB on i"Iternational waterways OPI BPI GP 7.5                                       No
  .. These poIice8  wi.be lriggered oniy f significant iIIIIuee are Identified during indivitual pnljectB SCI'I!MII'ltIlg
  under the program. AGreed Policy FI1If'n(I!W'CI'1 (see below) wli then apply in the de6Ign and implem~
  of these ildiYkiJal projeds                wgX~F t:~                               .                        ..
                                                                                                        ...,1:",......
    Specific locations for the new facilities of this study are not defined yet. Safeguards
    policy compliance wiN be auured through a programmatic approach. In pat'ticular. an                                               ..
  ··Environmental and Social Management Process has been agreed and put in place for                                                  ·
  "identification. screening, implementation and monitoring of aH project fadlities improv~                                           00- ,
    under the project. Environmental screentng of individual projects could possibly trigger                                          '!,
    seven safeguard policies: Environmental Assessment OPIBP/GP 4.01), Involuntary                                                    t"f'
  'ResettJement (00 4.30); Natural Habitats (OP 4.04, BP 4.04, GP); Cultural PropertY                                                 ,,;;


. Jcontains Policy Frameworks for these five
    trigg8f&d.    ·             ..(             !  S.n-             =s'.
    (OPN 11.03). Forestry (OPIPB 4.36); Pest Management (OP4J)9) as shown in Annex
   ,2. Accordingly, the Program's Environmental and Social Framework Agreement
                                                             which would be applied when
                                                                 '4<;:"          0




 Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                                                                 24
 Auoust. 2009
CHAPTER 3:          PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND ALTERNATIVES

3.1.      Environmental Asaessment Objective

 The purpose of this EIA Report is to provide the CHent with a full understanding of the
 significant environmental impads of the proposed activities. This chapter covers and
~di8CUsses the components of the proposed projects of water supply, sanitation and
lWastewater treatment plant at [)hamar city as part of the development program of the
<Group I urban centers up to the year 2025. Desa1ption of the project components is
 necessary to define the nature of the proposed project and the anticipated impacts on
 the surrounding environment.


3.2.      Development Project Objactlves

The main objectl\les of the development project of water and sanitation In Dhamar are:

          To determine design improvement and extension to the water and wastewater
          faclities to serve the population of the project area up to the year 2025 and to
          implement the first phase requirement up to year 2015 or towards 2025
          depending on the available funds and cost of fuR project period.             .
       · To determine the most feaSible, cost effective solutions for effluent reuse,
         treatment and usage including odor control at the wastewater facilities.
         To determine the most. feasible and cost el'fectfve development of sustainable
         water resource for demand through out the project horizOn.
       · To determine satisfactory levels of seMQt Md      IIliOQlrQ..CQmmm'le ~
         affordsbility and environmental concerns. ~~..                 . ·              ,
       · Supply the required water quantity to the urban centers with suitable water
         quality, in accordance with Yemeni water standards and the WHO Standards.
       · Study and design the proper1ranemission pIpelines.
       · study and design the proper secondary pipelines and house connections.
         Study and design storage reservoirs and the required pumping stations.
       · Agree on the design criteria taking into consideration the population projectiOn
         until year 2025.
       · study the water resources in connection to the adjacent areas.
       · study and find the most suitable solution for the wastewater network coverage
         and the treatmen1 options.
       · Look. into pollutions and their affect on health to minimize the damage affect.
       · Minimize leakage and unaecounted for water to match intemationaJ slanders.
       · Preparation of tender documents (preparation of pre-aualification documents.
         tendering bkl evaluation and Contract finalization).
       · Preparation of cost estimates.
         Divide the schemes into packages with cost less that 10 million US Dollar, and
         as applicable.




Draft Ell>. Report of Dhamar City                                                     25
AWLlst 2009
 3.3.     Project Area and Locatioi'll..
                                          ,'.,. ,;.,.t;.. ,...;.;.....,"".·, ·., _
 Ohamar City is located around 100 km south of Sana'a City. People of Ohamar are
 mainly farmers. traders. and government employees...· " , ., .         - - ..

The topography of Ohamar city 18 partiaRy ftat, with average elevation of 2400 - 2450
mast The main source of drinking water i8 groundwater. which is pumped from
fourteen operating wells in samah and west well fields. The city has a sewerage
collection network and wastewater treatment plant.                          ""':':~',' ;.

The location of Dhamaf dty Is shown in the next figure In relation to the whole country.,"
The figure after it shOws the location of the city in relation to the main highways
reaChing the Governorate of Ohamar.                                          . - ......."',.....

 Figure 3.1    General location of DOOmar in relation to the whole country




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City
AUQust. 2009
                                     ment

           Dhamar city both urban and pert urban has the population of 175.159 inhabitants
           (based on 2004 Census); reside in 80% of city area, in the center and around the main
           road (58na'.Taiz). The city expansion Is towards the south and north:"'ln the fUture.
           there is possibility to expand toward east, If Mareb road is constructed.

           Because of the new roads which were constructed in SOuth and West area, around
           80% of the lands are cultlvatea, and water resources were developed heavily in the
           southeast, and west parts of the my. seventY percent Of Dhamars buildings are one
       ·floor.                                                                .                   ~
        "Many field visits were conducted to the project area and Intensive discussions were
       .,,;conducted with the officials and authorities. It was clear that Ohamar Is In need for the
       i~upgrading and extension of the existing water supply system. sanitation collection
      ~systems with the expansion of the wastewater treatment fadlitles. The development will
   ~be divided as mentioned In chapter one into two stages; the year 2015 and the yqr
  , .~2025. The figure below shows the delln8fltion of the two phases.




      .\
','   '~Drafl    EIA Report of D~m!Jf qity
           AlMJust. 2009          ..
Figure 3,3 Expansion of the development phases (2015 in green and 2025 In orange)




The foUowing sections show the projected water demands for domestic and non-
domestic uses and the proposed project for the water and sanitation at the City_ tn
addition to the proposed projects components wtth refation to water supply, sanitation
and treatment plant for the two phases 2015 and 2025.


3.5.     Water Demand Projections

3.5.1.   Domestic Demand
It is anticipated that the domestic water consumption win increase to 65 IIcI~J!!Jh! .yei~ ..
2Q25.·The table below shows that the available water production potential i-e 15,840
ma/day is sufficient only to satiSfy water demand up to around year around 2012 and
additional sourcels of water supply will be required to meet the total daily demand (t--e
Oomestic+ non-domestic+ water losses) of water for Chamar city from year 2012 up to
year 2025. For covering deficit of 7,816 m3/day additional source/a wiD be required with
the total production rate of 110 llsee.



Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                         28
AUQust. 2009
                Table 3,1       Dhamar Water demand projections and deficits
              PARAMETER                                      UNIT                  2008               2010            2015                   2020               202S


                                                       f~
        1     Dhamw Ree!lidents                                                    153.661            174,283         202,041                 231,~ 263,~
        2     Rate of Wt!bJr Cooeumption                                                  50   _n;"
                                                                                                           50              65
        3~   ~TotaI WatM Demand per day                 m>ld                         7,683              8,714          13,133                  15,071             17,142
              (Domestic)
        4     Total Wafsr Demand per day                       m>ld I                1,152              1,307            1,970                  2,262              2,571
              (Non-domestic) 15% of DOI'I'KIII.Iti::                        !
        5     Total Water Demand per day                       wId          !        8,835            10,021           15,103                  17,339             19,713
              (Domestic ~"!:Ion-domeIIf:k:;)
        6     Total WtbK Demand per year                     wlyftar        I    3,224,751      3,657,758            5,512,447              6,328,634          7,195,265
              (Domestic and~)
        7     Connection Rate                                    %                    76%               ~               100%                    100%               100%
        6     Required daily Demand for Um                     m"Jd                  8,715             8,017           15,103                  17,339             19,713
              Connected Houses
                                                                 -
                                                                                                                                                                  ~
        9    Hourly Peak Flow factor                                                   2.1                2.1             2.1                     2.1
        10
        11
        12
             Peak WatstJr Demand per hour
              UFW
             WfIJt« l.osM6
                                                       m ~~    m>ld
                                                                                                          20     1
                                                                                                                        1,321
                                                                                                                           20
                                                                                                                        3,021
                                                                                                                                                1,517
                                                                                                                                                    20
                                                                                                                                                3,466
                                                                                                                                                         1
                                                                                                                                                                  3,943
        13   ReqlJi'ed WfIbIr Production per                   wId                   9,400             9,620           18,123                  20,800            23,656
             day
        14   Required Water Production per                   m¥year              3,431,135      3,511,447            6,614,936              7,5.94,361         8,634,318
             yea'                                                                                                            ..-   ~.---.




        15   Available WatM: Production                        wId                  15,840            15,840           15,840                  15,840             15,840
        18   Wfbtr Deficit or Inc:nIa$e                        m"Jd                  6,440             6,220            ~2,283                 -4.966        '"__, -7.816J
        17 Generated wastewater                        -"   "-"f.rttId'-~       ,--- 5,372' ,          8,414           12,082                  13,871              1S,nO
        18    No of existing prodl£We wei.                                             14                 14               14                      14                  14
        19   Reqked Average weel prod.iction                   m>ld                   611                687            1,295                   1,486               1,690
             per day=row131raw18
        20   Available Water Production per                 m¥year          !    5,761,600      5,781,600 1 5,781,600 .                     5,781,600          5,781,600    I
             yew: = row15X365d
        21   ExIra Ineeded(-} W'&N                          m¥year          !    2,350,465     2,270,153             -833,336          -1,812,761             -2,852,718
                                14
        22   Number of needed wells                            m>ld                       0                  0              3                       7                  11
'."",


               3.6.2.       Non-Oomestlc Demand
               Non-Oomestic water demand (Commercial, Institutional and Industrial) will be set to
               15% of the domestic demand along the project horizon after the agreement with the

-              Client of the project.

               3.5.3.      Water Losses
               The water losses in distribution system are estimated to about 40%. The excessive
               leakages in old distribution system and damaged/non working water meters are the two
               main reasons for this high figure of water loss percentage.

               3.5.4.      Required water Production
               According to the required water demand the following yields, 8S summarized in the
               table below, will be required based on 20 hrs daily pumping.



               Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City
               AUQust 2009
Table 3.2   The Required Yields of the Wells
                                  RequIred Wat8r       Required YIeld based on
                  Year               Demand           Recommended 20 Pumpl
                                     m'/day                   hI'S (11$)
                                              9,400
                                              9,620
                                             18,123
                                            20,806


The average well production for Dhamar existing wells was calculated to amount of
220 IIsec assuming the wefl operation duration to 2Ohrslday. The total daily production
capacities of the 14 existing water wellS are about 15,840 rna/day, the accumulative
number of needed wells are three. sewn and eleven wells for the years 2015. 2020
and 2025 respectively.

It is evident from the above table that additional water production source/s will be
required with a combined produdion capacity of 7,816 rrr/dayor 110 Vsee.
At present only about 163 Vs is pumped from eight production wells in Samah well field
and 57 Vsee Is supposed to be pumped from other six existing wells, a total of 220 Vs
will be available for domestic water suppty.
To make up for the deficit supply of 110 I/sec by the year 2025, quantity of addltlonal
water supply can be taken from the following proposed well sites according to the
results of exploratory wells.
      · 3 wells near Ohamar University
      · 3 wells in Samah well field
       · 2 wells between Ohamar and Yareem
      · 3 wells near Dhamar Town

The second implementation phase up to year 2025 will require well points discharging
329 lis at 20 hours daily pumping.


3.6.     Proposed Water Supply System

The water supply system of Ohamar in 2025 is visualized as:

Two new supply ground reservoirs will be added in the present system baled on ont
supply ntHNOir. one of the two new reservoirs will be constructed to the north of
Dhamar city at Hanan Mountain. The reservoir will have a water storage capacity of
        3
6000 m · This reservoir will be used to serve the Northem and North·westem areas (If
Dhamar. The second proposed ntServoir will be constructed at a hiD located at the
southem part of Dhamar city and it will have a water storage capacity of 6700m3. This
reHrvoir will be used to serve South and South-westem antas of city. The third
proposed reHrvoir will be constructed ~ to the existing eastern reservoir and it
will have a water storage capacity of 5000 m3· This reservoir In addition to the existing
6000 nf reservoir wtll be uled to serve the rest of Ohamar city. Addition" 11 wells
shall be drilled, to supply the north and south reservoirs.

The North (Hanan) reservoir will be fed from four (4) existing wells Q-e Shuaibah,
Jodad, Harran and sports stadium well&)+ (4) proposed future welVs, While the

Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                      30
AlIOust. 2009
south em reservoir will be fed from two 2 exl&ting wells located at AJ·Mehlah and AI·
Jadad +(7) proposed future wells. The existing and proposed eastern reservoirs (at
Thamar) will continue to be fed from Samah well fields.

The Dhamar existing water dl&UibuUon network will be rehabilitated and extended to
provide connections for aN consumers of the newly developed areas of the Urban
Center. The nature of further extensions to the system will depend on the town
planning layouts to be developed in future.

The storage capacity wil be deSigned to supply the average daily demand of 2025
population. The minimum storage capacity ca~ a.";..~I~'.
Table 3.3     Minimum Storage Capacity for different horizons

                   storage            Storage          8toratJe          storage
                capac:tty 1201 0   capacity 12015   capac:tty 12020   capacity 12025
                    m'lday            m-Iday           m'lday            m1/day
                          9,620            18,123           20,806            23,658




3.7.       Proposed Stages of Implementation of water supply designed workS

3.7.1.     Water Resources
» Phase (I) Year 2015                                 ... ,,;.~ ,-, -. , . -
Drilling of the 3 new wells Oncludlng Structural, Mechanical and EIectrfca
                                                                                ·11
                                                                                 wos.
»        Phase (II) Year 2025
Dnlling of the 8 new wells (including structural. Mechanicat and EJectrical works.

3.1.2.     Reservoirs
According to design criteria and standards for water suppty systems. it Is common te
choose minimum storage capacity equal to the maximum 24 hours demand of the area
sUpplied.
The consultants recommended proposal is to provide reservoirs for 2025 required
storage capacity In phase-1. this will result in cost saving,

»      Phase (I) Year 201&
For this purpose. a new reservoir of 5000 m3 capacity is proposed to augment thf,
existing storage capacity (8000 m:; of the eastem reservoir. In addition, construction of
2 new reservoirs of capacities of 6000 m3 and 8700 m3 is proposed at the north and
south areas of Dhamar city respectively.

3.7.3.     Transmission and Distribution Mains
The transmission main will convey water under pressure from the well fleld up to the
proposed storage reservOir, whereas, the distribution mains will convey water b)
gravity from the reservoirs up to the distribution netwol1c.
Year 2025 is taken 8S horizon for the project design. However, for Imptementatioo
purpose the overall work is divided into two Phases i-e Phase..1 and Phase-2


Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                         31
AuoList. 2009
The details of worb to be Implemented under Phase-1 and Phase-2 are provided in
the following section_

)-         Transmlnlon Mains

     ./'   Phase (I) Vear 2015

Based on the stipulated maximum dally consumption, the capacity and size of the
transmission main shall be as follows:                                  . -;

Construction of 3.5 km long. 300 mm diameter 01 pipe Transmission main with 83 Vsee
total flow capacity (based on 20hrslday pumping). The line will convey water under
pressure from the west well field (4 eldaling wells and 4 future wells) up to the
proposed north storage reservoir at Harmn Mountain (with capacity of 6OOOm"). In
addition approximately 6 km of coRectlng pipes of different diameters (150mm-250mm)
are proposed to connect 4 existing wefts and 4 future wells to the north reservoir (the
final length depends on the location of the future wells).

Construction of 3.0 km long. 300 mm diameter 01 pipe Transmission main with 93 Vsee
total flow capacity (based on 20hrslday pumping). The line will convey water under
pressure from 2 existing wells and 7 future wells up to the southern proposed storage
reservoir (capacity of 8700 m"). In addlion approximately 5 Ian of collecting pipes of
different diameters (15Omm-25Omm) are proposed to conned 2 existing wells and 7
future weU.tlot.hJl.soutl\.reeMJir Obe final tengIh dean<tl QltlbtJoc;aUsm gf the future
wells).

)-         Dlstr1bution Mains

     ./'   Phase (1) year 2015

Construction of 2.6 km long, 400 mm diameter 01 pipe Distribution main. The nne wfl
convey water by gravity from Harran (north) reservoir (60oo     nr
                                                                 capacity) up to thE
distribution network.

Construction of 1.5 Ian long, 400 mm diameter DI pipe Distribution main. The fine will
convey water by gravity from the south reservoir 6700.na capacity up to the southern
distribution network. ExIsting 4.21an long. 500 mm diameter 01 pipe Distribution main
continue conveying water by gravity from the eaSl existing and proposed storage
reservoirs (11000 m") up to the distribution network. The existing pipe Is In good
condition and doesn't need to be changed.
)-         Internal Distribution Network

     ."    Phase CI) Vear 2015

The length of distribution Pipes of diameters (150 -3(0) is 22 km 01 and 81 Ian of (50-
100 mm) PE, and the total length for the interior networks PE(5()"75) mm Is 50 kin.

     -./   Phase   cn) Vear 2025
The length of distribution Pipes of diameters (200,150) mm is approximately 4k1n 01
and 44k1n of (50-1oomm) PE.


Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                     32
Auaust. 2009
      3.7.4.     Water Supply House Connections

      By using average length of five (5) meters per house connection and 100% connection
      rate, the number of house connections and total length of diameter (15mm-32mm) PE
      and GMS pipes will be as followings:

      Table 3.4       Number of households for water supply - Phase I Year 2015
             Phase (I) Y&et 2015


             Center
                                               Aver8/Q8      No      fA Connection No of house connection
                                               hotIeehold    household rate

                                                                                             EXISTING           I Nt:W        NET

             DHAMAR                  202,041   7 penIOI'IS        28,883          100%               15,199128,863              13,664
             Year 2015 , length of Pipes                                                            68,320         m


      Table 3.5       Number of households for water supply - Phase II Year 2025
             Phaee (II) Year 2025
                                                                                    ,-"""   ---.,,,""-..   ~.~--.--




                                                             No       fA Ccnnectlon
             Center              PopuIaI:loo
                                               household     household     rate              No of house oomed.'loo

                                                                                             EXISTING 1 NEW                   NET
             DHAMAR                  283,120   7 persons          37,674          100%              28, 863    1   'R,f174          8,811
             Year 2025 , length of Pipes                                                            «,055 m


      3.8.       Chlorination Facility

"'"            · Water intended for human consumption must be free from putrid bacteria and
                 pathogens; this can be achieved by disinfections.
               The most commonty used disinfectants are chlorine On saveral forms).
            · The sodium hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite Is the most suitable for small
               plants.
            · DiSinfection rates by sodium or calcium .11 be the range of 1.5 grI rna, with
               Contact time of 30 minutes
      The following formula will be used to calculate the chlOrine storage capacity.
            · Chlorine storage tank capacity :: (max. chlorine dosing x total water demand)
               + (0.30 free chlorine content in beaching powder calcium hypochlorite) x
               solution concentration (0.20%).
            · Chlorine storage tank capacity at year 2025= [(5 x 23656) I (0.30 x 020)] -{
               1000= 1971 liter
      The use two tanks 1971 liter each (one for supply wilKe the other will be under mixing)
      is recommended.
      The atmosphere In the chlortnatton room will be moist and corrosive, the materials best
      suitable for storage tanks are glass fiber reinforced epoxy (GRP), PVC and
      polyethylene.

      Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                                                    33
      Auoust. 2009
In case of using sodium hypochlorite. the free chlorine content shall be tu~O. It gJVes
smaller capacities but more costly. It is recommended to use calcium hypochlorite, with
two (GRP) chlorine storage tanks of 1971·liter capacity each.
                            =
The rate of dosing pumps 1971+24=82.

Two dosing pumps are to be connectea one to operation and one stand-by. The dosing
pumps are to be regulated tnto 10 divisions to alow gradual dosage.
Frequent measurements of residual chlorine should be made to ensure 2 mg/ liter
residual chlorine and from 0.20 to 0.40 mgIliter at the end of the network,


3.9.     Proposed Wastewater Collection System
The preliminary design will concentrate on the rehabilitation of the existing networ1< in
Dhamar to improve the situation of the frequently plugged sections. With help of field
investigations breakage, blockage and overflows, problematic pipe sections will be
identified. These will have to be replaced In the frame of the rehabflitation measures.
Acconting to hydraulic requirements, the existing sewer pipes will be examined for
suitability for future operation.

Furthermore, the extension of sewage networ1< wiN Indude the new populated areas In
the centers that will be connected to the sewage collectors.

The design calculations for both, sewer networtcs and wastewater treatment plant will
be performed, so that they can hande the generated wastewater from the project area
tm the horizon year 2025. The general layout of the sewer networks and the pipe sizing
will be determined according to the population distribution in the project area, a8
expected in year 2025 (according to TOR requirement).

3.9.1.   Design Outline of Wastewater Collection
In order to ensure an environmentally sound wastewater diSCharge within the Centers,
the following measures concerning the instalation of the wastewater disposal facilities
will be Implemented:
       · Rehabilitation and construction of the sewerage trunk system In defined
          priority areas,
       · Rehabflitation and construction of seeondary network in defined priority areas,
       · Rehabilitation Of the existing Wa5tewater Treatment Plant (tagoon&) and
          treatment structures with extensions to overcome the Increase of the received
          quantity,         _!'z        r                  r:
      · Extension of wastewater system in Dhamar to c6vefffle rema~·r~n'l'!Ag!l!area!!!ls,!I

In tenns of alignment. the Consultant's concept for the jnstaDation of the trunk sewers
is based on the concept developed and gained from the Dhamar future extension
directions with all growth factors.

The topographical feature of Dhamar city is flatness. with average elevation of 2,400 _ _
2,450 mas!. Therefore the sewer networks shall be laid with appropriate slope and wIt~
minimum depth If needed to avoid deep trenching and pumping stations. Accordingly
Dhamar wastewater will be conveyed to the treatment plant through main trunk line and
sewer networtc.

Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City
Auaust 2009
   Dornier C(tns(~lting
              ~-




  3.9.2.      Sewerage Network
  »        Phase (I) year 2015
  Main trunk line of GRP, ON 600 · 800 pipes of 3.2 Ian length.
  The total length of sewer network Is estimated to be 125 km of uPVC pipes of ON 200 ·
  300 mm.

  »        Phase (II) year 2025
  The total length of sewer networ1l: Is estimated to be 84 km of uPVC pipes of ON 200 -
  300.

  3.9.3.      Sewer House Connections
  By using average length of seven (7) meters per house connection and 75%
  connection rate, the number of house connections and total length of ON 160 uPVC
  Pipes will be as followings:

  Table 3.6      Number of households for sewerage - Phase I Year 2015

           Phase (I) Year 2015

                                              Average          No      of    Connection
           Cootef              P opulel:ion   ~Id              household     ram          No of house comection


                                                                                          EXISTING      NEW        NET

           DHAMAR          I     202,041      7 persons             28,863         75%          8,600    21,647      12,987
                      ~




           Year 2015, Ienglh of Pipes                                                          90,900   m

  Table 3.1      Number of households for sewerage - Phase II Year 2025

           Phase (II) Year 2025

           Center              P~n
                                              Average          No       of Connec1ion     No of house connection
                                              household        oolJi5OOold rote

                                                                                          EXiSTING      NEW        NET
           DHAMAR
                                      ---
                                 263,720      7 p«SOn&    I"        37,674         75%         21,647    28,256          6,608
           Yeer 2025 , length of Pipes                                                         46,259   m



  3.10.      Proposed Waste-water Treatment System

  The existing wastewater treatment plant in Dhamar is stabilization pond treatment
  method.

  3.10.1. Wasta-water Quantities
  The table below presents the projected population and flow calculations for Ohamal
  based on the following assumptions:
  Water demand for Dhamar                  65 Uc/d
  Wastewater return fadar                                           80%
  Max.day/Averagedayflow                                             1.2

,....pratt EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                                          35
 Aucwst. 2009
 Table 3.8     Design criteria for Dhamar City
                                               ~----~-.--~"                                                                  -
                                                                                                  Year
                                    .   ~",-.----.-,.-.,.,-.,   ..,..... .. ,
                                                                       -~




   ITEM                                         2006                                2010          2015           2020        I   2025
   EsIlmatedPopuIaOOn
   WWIr 0Mland (m"lday)
                                    t            153,651
                                                        6715                    1
                                                                                    174,283
                                                                                       8017
                                                                                                  202,041
                                                                                                   15103
                                                                                                                 231,956
                                                                                                                  17339 I
                                                                                                                             I   263,720
                                                                                                                                  19713
   Average Flow (m3Iday)                               5,372                         6,414         12,082         13,871          15,nO
   Maximum Day Flow        (O~
   Flow) (m3lday)                                     6,446 1                        7,006         14,498         16,645          18,925
   Peak Factor                                              3.1                          3.1             3.1         3.1             3.1
                             3
   Peak Dry Weather Flaw (m /day)                   16,652                  1       19.882         37,454        43,000
                                                                                                                        ..
                                                                                                                                 48,668
                                                  -                                                       -- -                       .~-




 The Dhamar BOOt) is around 750 mgI1 due to high water consumption.

Yemeni Standards for effluent quality for the discharged effluent to water body was the
basis of the treatment plant design.

3.10.2. Proposed Location for Wastewater Traatment Plant
The Wastewater Treatment Plant rNWTP) of Ohamar is proposed at the location same
as that of existing WWTP, The site location of proposed as well as existing WWTPs
meets the requirements of the Site selection criteria for treatment plant as provided
under.
The criteria for selectfng the location of the treatment plant were as fon~

      · Maintain "flow by gravity" from all parts of the collection system to me
        treatment plant.
      · Far from the residential, agricultural and human activities.
      · Minimize the negative Impacts on the environmental components.
      · Avoid I minimize the compensations for land acquisitlons at the selected
        location.
      · Enough land and posslbi,l/f.y for expansion In the future.

Based on that, the location coordination of the proposed treatment plant of the city of
Dhamar were selected as summarized on the table hereafter.
The figure on the next page shows the layout of proposed wastewater collection
system and location of Dhamar treatment plant. The proposed location wit! be
conflnned through the detailed design under Task "C".

Table 3.9    Proposed location of the Wastewater Treatment Plant
          Proposed                  location cI the                                  Inf!l.Ient
      treatment pIWIt                                                                quantity                  Rema1<s
           method                                                                    rri'J
     Stabilization ponds                                                                Z1.744    Treatrn.1t Plant Is ateady
                                                                                                  existed and reqUre major
                                                                                                           ionandR~n




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                                                                         36
Aooust. 2009
Figure 3.4 Location of the expansion of the existing wastewater treatment plant




3.10.3. Preliminary Sizing and detail of Treatment Facility
Preliminary design for the stablUzatlon ponds, presented in the table on the next page
has been developed based on the design criteria that were adopted.

The figure presents a process flow diagram and general layout of the proposed waste
stabilization pond of Chamar.




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                   37
Auoust. 2009
                                                       r   i
                                                               '                 .~,




Figure 3.6 Process flow diagram of waste stabilization ponds for Dhamar




 J
 ..5




                                                                                       ~
                                                                                             -----'----'-1




                           Anaerobic                               Facultative          Maturation       1
                             Pond                                    Pond                 Pond           I
 J
 ~
                                                                                       --.~-
                                                                                                         i

,1            --F                                                                       Maturation
')             i
               I
          .___I~
                    ,
                           Anaerobic
                             Pond
                                                                   Facultative
                                                                     Pond                 Pond
          ~    _ _ .J




                           Anaerobic                               Facultative          Maturation           lnigation
                             Pond                                     Pond                Pond                 Tank




                                                                                                                I



Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City
August, 2009                                                                                                             38
Table 3.10 Dhamar Wastewater Stabilization Ponds Preliminary Design and Sizing




     Average Flow
     Max. Day Flow (Design Flow)


    ~--~-- ··-~14~Ji}
                                                       m~fday
                                                       m~fday                             = 15 TlO




     Average Trealment Capacity of the existing WSP                                         8,000
     Average BOD5 load to the el<lsting WSP            Kg/day                               6,000
     1l'Ntment capecJt.y of",.             WSP
     Max Day Flow to the proposed WSP (Design Flow)                                         10,924
     BOD5 load to the proposed VIISP                   Kglday                                8,193

                                                                                           Manual r
     Bar Ru Spadng                                     mm                                     50

     Type of Screen                                                                      Automatic
   i-:-'Bar~R":"'ack"";""Spadng~;';"'--------'-----+-mm----~-+-""""                            25



     No. of Standby Tanks                                                                       1
     Detention time at Peak Flow                       minute                                   8
     Tank Volume                                       m3                                     170




   ~
                                                       m
                                                       m
                                                                                                !
                                                                                               16
     Type of Flume --------~-~-+-m-~----+--Sta-ndi-ng-w-ave-=3.-:=-i2

   ~~~~~-----------------~-------.--
     Flume width                                       rrrn                                   500
     Maximum Depth of Flow                             rrrn                                   544
     Anaerobic Ponds

                                                      I (V",Yes, N=No)                          Y
     No. of Ponds in Parallel                          No.                                      S
     Retention time each Pond                          Days                                     5
                                                                                                2
     Berm stope 1 V in                                 H                                        3
                                                       m                 ~   --~-   ..
                                                                                                5
     Free Board                                        m                                        1
                                                                                             "-




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                                      39
Auoust. 2009
    -~
                                                       ~    .....,._...... _.........".",.""_MW""'"                                                             ..
      BasIc Data                                                                                                                                 Unit                            Resutts
                                                                                                                                                                        ,-_._._-1 - - - ' - - - - -
      Each Pond Oi~ at Top of water surface
      Length                                                                                                                                     m                                                                                                                         108
      Width                                                                                                                                      m                                                                  54
      Facultative Ponds
      I2fIIJm CrlfJlfI
      Influent BOD Load                                                                                                        ..   ""-"'"''    .~~IIY                                                      ....... __ ...._~~,~7.
      No. of Ponds in Paralel ....                                                                                                              No.                                                                             3
     Design Temperature                                                                                                                         "c                                                                                                                          13
     Surface loading                                                                                                                            Kg BOD5lha.day                                                                                                             192
     LengihNVIdth Ratio                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2
     Benn Slope 1 V in                                                         ....
                                                                                                                                                H                                                                                                                                3
     Water Dep1h                                                                                         ..
                                                                                                                                                m                      ...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               1.8
                   '--'                                                                                       -~-.-       ..
     Free Board                                                                                                                                 m                                                                                                                                      1

     Mid Depth Area Each Pond                                                                                                                   he                                                                                                     10.532
     Surface Area Each Pond at top of water surface                                                                                             ha                                                                                                     10.904
     Total Surface Area including free board (3 PondS)                                                                                          ha                                                                                                     33.985
     wmer Volume Each Pond                                                                                                                      m"                                                                                           189,541
     Calculated Retention Time Each Pond                                                                                                        days                                                                                                                           52
     Each Pond Dimensions till Top of water surface                                                                                            ~-,,~~,~--.     ,.~     ..,.,   .. .....-..
                                                                                                                                                                                ~            --~".
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ____                                               __ ,




                                                                                                                                                                                                        ,
                                                                                                                                                                                                            _
                                                                                                                                                                                                                ,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ~
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            "
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               m
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   ~
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       "
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           '
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               '
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   '
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       '
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           '
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               '
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   ~
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ~
     Leng1h                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            467
     Width                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 233.5
     Maturation Ponds
     DeIIIaJ ~etfa
      No. at Ponds in Series                                                                                                                    No.                                                                                                                                    21
      No, of Ponds in Parallel                                                                                                                  No.                                                                                                                                    3
      Retention time f« each Pond                                                                                                               days                                                                                                                                   7
      LengthJWldth Ratio       .  ..                         """                                                                               --,,,                                                                                                                                   2
    : Berm'~1 V in ,-, ,
                                                                       ~'"-,-~"-      -~~""'~,




                                                                                                                                                H                                                                                                                           ~
     Water Depth                                                                                                                                m                                                                                                                          1.6
     FreeBoard                                                                                                                                  m                                                                                                                          0.8
     Qt1iMlltbmJ
     Water Volume Each Pond                                                                                                                     ma                                                                                      ..         25,685
    'Mkf5epu, Piee E8Ch~P,iif                                                                                                                   ha                                                                                                  1.429
     Surface Area Each Pond till top of water surface                                                                                           ha                                                      .,                                          1.566
     Tota! Surface Area including free board (3 POI'ld$)                                                                                        ha                                                                                                  5.089
     Effluent Fecal Coliform count                                                                                                              NoJfOOml                                                                                             9799
     Each Pond Dimensions at Top                                                      at water surface
    -~... ·········'·.-N'"
     WidIh
                             _,._, .. , , ,   M   _"'''~,
                                                              ............._---"'.".,     " .. "-,>",,        ·   "'¥'-   ..............       -_.                                                                                           ......., ..177            _---
                                                                                                                                          -                                                                                                                        88.5
     Total Area of Ponds
     Total Surface Area of Ponds including free board                                                                               '~~_+_~.                  .. _     -                     -                                                     41.126
    'AiiOW 15% for Roads and athfJrs-~                                                                                                                  .~.
                                                                                                                                                                  ..                ......... ..   ~-




                                                                                                                                                                                                        --a:169
                                                                            ---~,~,--~.-~                                                               ----~-,

     Total Gross Area                                                                                                                          ha                                                                                                  47.295

3.10.4. Required Land Area
The following table presents summary of the land requirements for the waste
$tabJl~I90 pond, fQr DttM;tif.



Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City
Auaust. 2009
Table 3.11      SUmmary of Land Requirements for the Waste Stabilization Ponds



                                                                                            T~l
                                 Land Area (he)
        City                     Anaerobic       FacuItaI:ive     Mab.r'ation
                                                                                Ottler&
                                 Ponds           Ponds            Ponds                     NeS
        Dhamar                  2.052            33.985           5.089         6.169       47.295
                                                                                                     I
3.11.     Summary of propOHd work. and estimated cephal coats

The works designed and covered In this report are summarized as shown:

Table 3.12 Proposed water supply system oomponents
               water Reaources (WeIta)
               OriIlng of 1tIe 3 . - weIs (including stndt.I'aI.
               Mechwlical and Electrical worfal) - YM' 2015               No                   3
               Drtlllng of the 8 new weIe In (including StroobnI.
               Med1anicaI and Eledrical WOI1cs) - yew 2025                No                   8
               TnlnsmIsIIon lines
               from W86t wei field up to Harran /'I!IlIIIII'\IO
               0.1 300mm diameter                                                          3,500
                                                                        LM=1
               0.1 (150-200)mm diameter                                JLM                 6.000
               from S-E well field up to South R~
               0.1 300nm diameter                                         LM               3,000
          ~    0.1 (150-250)mm diameter                                   LM               5,000
               Reservotrs
               COl'lStrl.don of new scXitional SJ'O!,Ind I1II8eIVOi'
               (East) III Thamor; capacity 5000 ma up to yew              No                   1
               2015
               ConatructiDn of new fJ"OI.I'Id rflSl!lMli" at (North)
               harren mOUl'll3ln ( capacity 6000 m') up to Y8&f           No                   1
               2015
               Contdructian of new· ground reservoir (South);
               capacly 6700 m3 up to year 2015
                                                                          No                   1
               ChlOrInation facllty at p-opoeed t;round reservoirs        No                   3
               DIsb1bW1on Mains
               from HaTan ground re&enI'Oin; cIoMl to the                 LM
               clstJt)ution network (01, ON 4(0)                                           2.600
               from SouIh gound reeervor down to the                      UII              1.500
               dI!drItx.mn network (01, ON 4(0)
               DIeb1but1on network up to year 2016
                (01. ON 150-3(0)                                          LM              22,000
               PE ~ (ON 50-100)                                           LM              61,000
               PE Pipes for city internal c:Ii&tJ'I.)ution ay&tem
                                                                          LM     ~:,    ]50,000
               (ON 50 to ON 75)
               PE & GMS p~ for House connections                          LM              68,320
               Dlsll1bW1on network up to year 2025
               01 Pipes (ON 150-200)                                      LM               4,000
               PE Pipes (ON 00 to ON 100)                                 LM              44.000
               PE & GUS F.,ee for House connections                       LM              44,055




Draft EIA Report of DhamSf City                                                                          41
AUQust 2009
Table 3.13 Proposed Wastewater Collection and Treatment Systems
            Phase (1) VIII' 2011
            Tr1.I1k. lines (GRP. DN600(800)                           LM         3200
            Sewerage network (14NC. ~)                                l.M        125000
            12987      House    Comectiona        (UI'NC.   00180)    LM         90909
            ..., to year 2015
            Rehabilllation cl existing wasIBwat.. Treatment           each       1
            plent
            Phase (2) VOltr 2025
            Sewerage networIc upvc,( ON2()()..3()()                              84.000
            6608     House Connections (14NC. 00160) LM                          46259
          · 141 to year 2025
            Construction of new wastewater treatment plant each                  1




The capital costs of implementing the proposed project
until year 2015 were estimated es follows: ....., .·.~

       · Water resources and tanks          t;·   1                   4.141.450 US$
       · Water network                                               12.590,008 US$
       · Treatment plant and main fines                               3,344,800 US$
         Sewerage network                                            16,381.328 US$


For the second phase until year 2025, the additional fadlitles will cost as follows:

       · Water resources and watar network                           5,654,972 US$
       · Sewerage network ~~'... -...                                10.409,560 US$


The tOlaI investment costs for the        two      phases of the project are around 52.5 MiHion
USS.                               ~~-                         . .',1"""    '.
CHAPTER 4:        DESCRJP110N OF CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL
                  STATUS OF THE PROEJCT AREA

The following sedions will describe the current environmental and social existing
conditions at the project area in order to establish a base line data before analyzing the
antidpated environmental and social impacts due to the implementation of the project
components.                · '·'~t US] -.'... - .
                          , .9&1· L .
                          .1   "t"~   ......



4.1.     Existing Soclo-economlc Conditions

The data needed In this sedlon was gathered from the coIleded reports and previous
studies in addition to the fJeld viSits to the project area by the working team of the
study.

4.1.1.   Location, History and Population
Dhamar Governorate is considered the geographical center of the (Hymirtt Civilization)
Ohamar has ruled in the past by strong King of Hymirit tribes whose name was Ohamar
All. Ohamar is famous and known by natural mineral baths which are considered an
important feature in Yemen which are located in Annes district and AI Hossin village.

Ohamar is located 100 km to the south of Sana'a. Population of Ohamar (urban and
peri urban) is 175,159 inhabitants (urban and perl urban) where 52% males and 48%
females. (Census 2004). The Governorate entails 12 districts and 313 0zJa, 3255
villages and about 7000 Mahalas (sub village). Ohamar City is the Capital of tile
Governorate and surrounded by moun1ains.

It was a trade center and situated In the middle of the country. H taI'II'IIt:ts all Yemeni
towns with each others. It used to be surrounded by great Castles. Dhamar played an
important role during Islam 80 It has famous mosques as ( The Grand Mosque) which
is considered as the oldest one in Yemen. in addition to the oldest school in Yemen (AI
Shamsya school).

People of Dhamar are mainly fanners, traders, and government employe8$
Topography of Dhamar city is partially ftat. with average elevation of 2400 - 2450 ma$l
Location of the City was shown in chapter thIM of this report .

The city expansion is towards the south and north. In the Mure, there is possibility to
expand toward east, if the Mareb road is constructed. Because now the new roads are
constructed in South and West area, around 80% of the lands are cultivated, and water
resources are located in the Southeast, and west parts of the city.

Seventy percent of Chamar's buildings are one floor. The immigration rate    to Ohamar Is
very high; around 60% of yearly increasing is due to immigratiot

Population density in 2006 was 830 person~ where the estimated number of houses
in the town center were counted from the Satellite images= 17.175 house and the
average residents in each house in the center estimated at 7 persons.




Draft ElA Report of Dhamar City                                                        43
Auoust 2009
    4.1.2.     Education
                                                                        0'
    According to the census of 2004 the number students in Dhamar govemerate who
    are enrolled In schools is 2Om6. Out of that 65% are males and 35% are females. In
    2009 the total number of students enrolled in schools of Dhamar City Is 40991
    distributed among 66 schools of different scholastic stages. The number of females
    enroHed In school in Dhamar city is 14445 which accounts for 35% of the total enrolled
    students (Yemen News, 20(9).
                                                                                                     ..:.... .. .."~;:A:,,
    Regarding the higher education institutions. there is a university of Dhamar. The tolal
    registered student in all specializations In Ohamar University is 11759 students, out of
    which 9380 students (80%) are maJes. The total number of facutties staff In Dhamar
    Unlwrsily.i$ 470 pel'$QO"-. taaJ7'8les, and 81 % are Yemeni citizens.
    The number cif students' In' different faculties ranges from around 2000 Uke in the Arts
    and Administrative sciences to 65 students like in the Dentistry School, out of which 51
    are males.
                                       .Ha t ·.
                                   !!-,,;\              ........
                                                                                        .
                                                                                       ,1"'" ·      ~ ..
                                                                                                                -49      ·
    Tab184.1      Population Enrolment Rate in Basic Schooli~ (6 to 15 years old) by sex accordirg
                  to 1994 and 2004 CeI'lSU8e8




                                                              73,171         134,605   147,310   35,704         111,606


                                       368,565            179,259            189,606   298,808   143,296        155.512

                                             56.3                40.8           71.0      49.2                       71.8



   4.1.3.      Health Situation
   There are 9 medical centers in 2006 In Dnamar. The number of physidans is 62; out of
  }whiCh two are male speclalfsts, two male and one female general practitioner, two malEt
  ~and one female dentist, two medical assistants. Also there are 15 male and 6 femf:lJtf
   nurses. On the other hand, there is one public health specialist.

    ;The city has only one public hospital with 194 beds, where there are 11 male and 3
"~female specialists,     21 general practitioners physicians, ten dentists (half of thent-
   ~males), 4 medical assistants, 37 male and 38 female nurses, one pharmacist, and "
 ,,1Ianesthesla specialists. There is another hospital sUfI under construction. Moreover, terti
    lare four medical centers, two medical units and one center for pediatrics and matemity.

  .;,As shown in the table below, the main diseases dominating in Dhamar are Dysentary.
;. "'~Infectiou8 hepatitis, Malaria and Typhoid.
                                              ~ ..'~
                                                         ..    ..   ,


                                                        "' ...
                                                            .-
                                                    ,




   Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                                                   44
   Auaust. 2009
   Table 4.2              Reported diseases and number of cases in Dhamar Govemerate during 2003
                          (Annual Statistics Book, 2004)

   Disease                 Dysentery                Malalfa             Bllharsla          ! Pneumoma                    infection             TypbokI              Cholera
                                                                                           I                             A
                                                                                                                         Hepatitis
   No. of
   Reported
                                      4,555             32,785
                                                                                4.
                                                                                     138
                                                                                           1
                                                                                                                   -                256               1,551                       0

  cases

  4.1.4.            Agricultural ActIvttIea
  Based on the 2005 stalistlcaJ for the agricultural adlvitles In the Govemorate, the total
  cuHlvated areas are around 85,767 hectares. Where the lITigable areas but not
  cuHlvated yet may reach to 52,453 hectares. Table 4.3 Illustrates the cuHlvated area
  and breakdOwn by type of crop In Dhamar area. It can be noticed that the the cultivated
  land is dominated by serials crops (68%). This is mainly because the area is enlovino a
  relatively high rainfall level, which encourages the rain fed agriculture.

  As shown in the nexl table, in Dhamar region, the dominant crop is the cereals
  (20,767.94 hectares) followed by fodders (2,440.98 hectares) and the rest are
  vegetables, fruits, and pulses. The majority of the cultivated lands are Irrfgated through
  private wells and rain fed. Very litHe depends on streams and drains.

  For the agricultural livestock, the total numbers of sheep heads in Dhamar
  Govemorate are 380,000, goats (295,000 heads), cows (157,000 heads), camels
  (4,700 heads) and honey bees (30,000 hives). These figures are based on the 2005
  statistical survey at the govemorate which is conSidered as the most accurate and
  latest one.

  Table 4.3. Total cUtivated area and breakdown by type of crops In Dhamar Region
,........_................. ...............         ... -        ...-'" .... ..        .........__....._ . ._..... ............-.............        T--······ ...... , ......-...............
  Dhamar                                    SerIals       VegeIabIes            fruits           Pulses              ca.h                     Fodder    correa                 Total
  Region                                                                                                             cropa                            and Qat
  ArM                          20,767.94                     1,346.91             390.29            711.41                   0        2,440.98            4,594.39              30,251.92
  (Hec::tIIrea)



  4.1.5.            Electricity and communication
  The total received energy for the Governorate Is about 101 MWH (Mega V          Hour)
  the sold Is 88 MWH and the lost is 13 MWH ssNtrtg a total of 60,000 subscrit..m

  The total number of telephone subscribers at the Governorate is 33,200 for different
  sectors; public, Govemment and private.

  4.1.6.           LaborfOrcel
  The total labor forces on Governmental level are around 22,000 members (2006), the
  majority (70%) are working in the field of education, followed by health, agrtcutture and
  home rule.




  Draft EIA Report of Ohamar City                                                                                                                                          45
  Auaust. 2009
4.1.7.   Tourist Establishments
The total number of beds at the avalable hotels In Chamar is 450 beds distributed over
11 hotels. Another 15 pensions are avalable and 36 restaurants, 24 cafeterias. one
park and one museum.


4.2.     Water Resources and Climate

4.2.1.   Rainfall and Humidity
Rainfall is the basic water resource, and there are marked differences in the amount of
rain received in various parts of Ohmar gowmerate. The next figure shows Ohamar
govemorate map with rainfall distribution In various go venerate districts.

Figure 4.1   Agro-Climatic zones and rainfatl of Dhamar Govemerate (Agto-Cllmete and
             Production sptem.s In ahamat' Gowmorate, 2000).

             "gro-climatlc zanes & raInfall ;:htflbutlOn   ).IJ ~ .,AjJa.J:Il       ~ ~jl J ~ ~                                             .2
             In Ohamar govemarillte




                                                                                                                             ~.. "'t~U
                                                                                                                            Cf~.;td t(,!lHt




 ·
                                                                                '....",.,--,...
                                                                                       """" f_lI"".___           -t4*,,., 'y_......".....
                                                                                       <¥It;,;,   ).f_ .............
                                                                                j"'" . . . ..,,,$
                                                                                       ~",..,.~.. ~--'-jI!o,I -..:"'..-- ~""
                                                                                1     ~_.y."'IIY'tIf."'       ··_"'""-._"'~'"
                                                                                i     In. . ""$r~."'*"_ ~'.t·                           .....
                                                                                (4<":t:;~"~~~,                         ~
                                                                                             ~t .. 4>t_ Qo,o,-_-»M
                                                                                . -.... -·-""~-~---~-- ...- ..""',,~:;:,,':,·::::O:,',7-~ ....-'-~




As for the City of Dhamar, the average annual rainfall is ranging from 200 to 600 mm f
The figure on the next page shows the average annual rainfall on Dhamar City for the
period 1999-2004 (yemen Agro-CUmate Guide, 2004). It can be seen that during ttte
year 2003, the rainfall was the maximum (500 mm). while during the year 1999 had ttle
lowest rainfall level of 200 Mm. This implies that rainfall is highly variable in Ume and
quantity. Despite that, Ohamar govemorate is considered relatively wet area as
compared to other regions of Yemen.

Rainfall occurs in two periods, the first from March through May, and the second from
July untl September. which Is the heaviest rainy season. There Is IHe or no rain from
November to February but there are exceptions In certain regions and years.




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City
Auaust. 2009
Figure 4.2 Average annual rainfall on Dhamar City for the period 1999-2004 (Source:Yemen
           Agro-Cllmate GuIde.. 2OtU)


                                                                   500
                                                                                450




Relative humidity in Dhamar is ranging from 30 to 60% during the year, with highest
(60%) being recorded in August and lowest (30%) during June. The figwe below
depicts the average relative humidity levels in Dhamar City for the period 1999-2004
(yemen Agro-Climate Guide, 2004).

Flgure4.3 Average relative monthly humidity in Dhamar City for the period 1999-2004
          (Yemen Agra-Cllmate Guide, 2(J(U)

     ~         70
                                                        58
               60
                                       50
               50                 47
                    42   42                                   42
               40
                                             32
               30
               20

               10
                                            I
4.2.2.   Temperature, wind and evaporation
Chamar city Is located In the seventh Agro-climatic zone, in which the average
maximum temperature is ranging from 23 to 300c, while the average minimum
temperature is ranging from 4 to 13 OC. (Yemen Agro--Cllmate Guide, 2004). The next
figure shows the average, minimum and maximum temperature values recorded in

Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                       47
AuaU6t. 2009
Ohamar during the period 1999-2004. It can be noted that the lowest temperature Is In
January. while the highest is reached during the month or June.

The wind in Dhamar is seasonal. H is characterized of being moderate with a speed
ranging from 1.8 -3.8 m. The figure on the next page shows the average wind velocity
In Dhamar City for different months of the year during the period 1999-2004. The
dominant wind direction is eastem direction in most of the months. (Civil Aviation and
 Meteorology AuthorHy. 2003)


Figure 4.4 Average, Maximum and minimum temperatures In Dharma City for the Period
           1987-2004 (Source: Yemen Agro-CIImate Guida, 20(4).


    -
    -
    u
    w
          35
                                                                      --Minimum


    0::
          30
    :;)
        25
    ~
    w 20
    0::
    a.    15
    :e
    w
    I-    10

    ~
    :e
          5
          0
                     Zt~  g,~  is'   ~~ ~~      ~e
              Zt~..::J 'S)~ ~t§              "'loS
           ~      «0
                                                     MONTH




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                  48
AUQust, 2009
Figure 4.5 Average monthly wird speed in Dhamar City for the period 1999 -2004 (Source:
           Yemen Agro-ct1m.,. GuIde. 20(4).


                                                                     4

                                                         3    2.9         3
                            2.B   2.5 2.6 2.7     2.8                          2.7
                        2
                 1.8




                                              Month


The average potential evapo-transpiration at the projed area ranges between (1300-
1600 mm). (Yemen Agro-Climsle Guide, 2(04), while the average period of solar
radiation of Ohamaer is ranging from 8-10 hours

4.2.3.   Water and Sanitation
The water supply system of Ohamar depends on the groundwater resources. The main
aquifer in Ohamar area Is the complex system of aUuvium deposits and the tertiary
volcanic rocks. which are hydraulically interconnected. Local water resources are of
good quality. Recharge to the aquffer may cover the domestic water needs if
groundwater is used only for domestic water supply. Spacing of the pumping wells to
be driUed in the future has to be well located to prevent any interfaces of cones ¢
depression in the pumping wells. The city has 14 wells in total. Out of these total 14
wells 12 wells are opemtional while the remaining two are not connected to the system.
Eight of the total 12 operational wetls are located in Samah well field. TIle drflling of
these wells carried out in 1990 with average depth of 150m. The Samah field wells are
feeding Thamar ground water reservoir through a 15 km long. 250 - 500 mm diamet,r
0.1 Transmission Main. The detaila of the relevant 14 we~.Ilt.&~§e!}t,d below. 1 _ _




Draft EtA Report or Dhamar City
Auaust.2009
Table 4.4   Details of the existing drinking water wells
                              ....
            Wetl No                                  Q lis                                                                          Q m"'day
             Samah Well 16                                                                                   Zl                            1.584
             Samah Well 19                                                                                   19                            1,368

             Samah Well 20                                                                                   21                         1,512
            ----              ,_~,,_~_v
                                                ~N"~"¥'"




             Samah Well 23                                                                                   21                            1,512

             Seman Well 24                                                                                   20                         1,440
             Samah Well 25                                                                                   22                         1,584

             Saman Well 26                                                                                   21                         1.512
             Saman2                                                                                          17                         1,224

             Stadium well (Task A well 2)                                                                      9                            648

             Mehlah wei (not oonneaed )                                                                      10                             720
             Quaoor well (not connected) (Task
                                                                                                             11                             792 _
             AweD No 1)
             Shuaiban weH                                                                                    15                         1.080

             Harranwell                                                                                        7                            504
             Jodadwell                                                                                         5                            360
                                                                                                       ... - ...............
             Total                                                                                                                     15,840

Based on the curmnt yields the combined productivity from SSmah field wells totalled
to 11,736 m3/day. The total combined production from other four operating weUs is
2,592m3/day. Whereas the combined productivity of A1-Mehlah and A1-Qosoor wells is
1,512mslday. Hence the averaH productivity of Ohamar existing wells is 15.840 rrf'/day
or 5,781,600 m3lyear.

The location of Dhamar well field is presented in chapter III.

Current water quality results of SSmah wells showed a good water quality with respect
to TOO in comparison with WHO and Yemeni Standards; below (1000 mgJI) as
p~~q !n the t9Qle ~to~treatmenUs necessary for the pumped water.

T""""."     Comparison of the current water quaUty of the \vells in Samah 'Nith WHO and
            Yemeni Standards
                     Well name
            ~-
            1        WeI No.2
                                                                                                                               TDS, mgII
                                                                                                                                              340
             2       Wei No.2
             3'" WelNo:1if         ""     ~~"   ......   ~"."""""~"-""~""   ,   . " " '<"<'<"   'A<~'<'~

                                                                                                                               "   .....--..~
                                                                                                                                               330
             4       Wei No. 19                                                                                                               340
             5       We. No.23                                                                                                                340
             6       Wei No.24                                                                                                                351
             7       WeI No,25                                                                                                                352
             8       Wei No.2B                                                                                                                353
             Yemeri Standards No. 109f2000                                                                                                   1,000
             WHO guidelines                                                                                                                 1.000


Draft EIA Report of Ohamar City                                                                                                                      50
Auoust. 2009
4.2.4. ExIsting Water Supply Syatam
Most of the existing water supply network in Dhamar was constructed in two Stages i-e
Stage-1 and Stage-2. Works under stage-1 were completed In 1967, whemas stage-2
started In 1985 and completed in yesr 1992. The stage-1 was constructed by USAlD,
while the stage-2 works was constructed utilizing funds from Arab and OPEC Funds as
well as the Government of Yemen. The works under stage-2 were being Implemented
and operated by NWSA through Ohamar branch, and were put into service in 1992.

The works carried out under stage-1 comprises construction of distribution network
inside old city area by laying 25mm-100mm diameter GMS pipes. However WSSLC
Ohamar replaced about 50 % of the pipes previousty laid under stage-1. There are stili
about 15km length of distribution network lines of old net work and some more lines
laid afterwards, which needed replacement. WSSLC expected replacement of all pipes
by the year 201C

Under Stage-2, in addition to construction of Ground water reservoir. 0.1 pipes of
diameters from 100mm to 500mm and house connection GMS pipes (with polythene
sheets wrapping) of diameters from %- to 2- were laid. After completion of stage-2, the
extension in distribution network and provision of house connections (using %" to 4-
diameter pipes) has been carried out from time to timt"

The city is supplied continuous water supply [I-e 24 hrs supply). The Ea: n areas of
city are fed from a Ground water Reservoir located in an area caRed Thamar. The
water storage capacity of Thamar reservoir Is 6,000 m3 and elevation Is 2,473 masl. A
Ductile Iron (0.1) distribution main of 500mm diameter carry water from reservoir to the
distribution network. This happen to be the only working Ground Resef'llOir In the city
that is supplying water under gravity. Moreover, chlorination unit is provided B
reservoir site that is in operation since september 2007.

There also exists a non functional OIH reservoir near the Ground reservoir site. thE
height and storage capacity of OIH Tank are 12m and 140 m3 , respectively.

In addition to Eastern areas of city, there are four villages (The mar, Mawaheb,
Lakhmah. and Kharabah) which AJeeive water from Thamar water reservoir. The total
estimated population of these four villages is around 20,000. Due to priority of water
supply to city, the villages are not getting water In required quantity and pressure from
the east reservoir, but actually they are connected direcUy to the main SOO mm
transmission line.

The reservoir Itself is being fed from 8 weDs located In Samah well field. 'le south -
eastern part of Ohamar. The city is also supplied water through direct pumpIng through
existing operational 4 wells located In Shuaibah, Jodad, Hanan and sports stadium.
Two mof9 wells, are located in the we"'southern part of city at AJ..Mehlah and At-
Q0800r, However they are not connected to network yet.

Presently. there is a project under construction which is aiming at enhancing the watel
networt< of the west area of Ohamar city. Under the project, wells located at Sport
stadium, Al-Mehlah, Al-Qosoor and Shuaibah will be connected to distribution network
of western area of the city. The project indudes construction of one O/H balancing
Reservoir (capaclty=1  oonr  and height=12m) in South of city at a place caUed Roms. In
addition to above. the project a'so includes construction of a pu"" station (piping,
building and pumps) and laying of 1OOmm to 250mm diameter transmission lines.

Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City
AUQust. 2009
    The number of subscribers of water supply to-date stands at 15.199 that cover about
    76% of city area. The house connections are still in good CO~$.

    As slated before, the water supply system of Ohamar was oonSfruded in tWo stages;
    the first stage was completed in 1967 and stiR in operation which means that part of the
    distribution network is very old. almost 38 years old which explains the high percentage
    of water losses .(almost 40%). The water system was extended thro,l:l,h, the second ~
    stage by NWSA In 1992.                                                      . &kSiH1 "

    From Thamar reselVoir. water is conveyed by gravity through a 01 Distribution main of
    DN 500, with a total length of 4.20 km to the distribution system of Ohamar city. The
    distribution network is made of 01 (diameter 100 mm - 400 mm) and GMS (ON 50-
    150 mm).The total pipe-length of the distribution system Is about 64 km. Most of the
    GMS pipes of ON 5()..1oo Installed In the old city are deteriorated and should be
    replaced by new and bigger diameter pipes.

    The existing distribution network constructed during the second stage (In 1992) Is stli
    In good condition. All new and good condition pipes will be integrated In the system; the
    deteriorated and small diameters pipe will be either replaced or reinforced respectively.
    Detail of Ohamar Existing piping system is summarized below.

    Tabfe4.6        Dhamar Existi~ Plpl~ System
                       DIa     LefIgtb
                                          Condtuons    ......1
                                                                    Date",     water      House
                       mm           11m                           IMtaIatktn   los...   connection
     From
    $&I'I'Iah web    250-500   15.0       Good         Df        1992-
     tnFl~
    From
    Seman
    R~
                    500        4.2        Good         DI        1992
    to
·   Oilririrutioo
    network
                    400        1.0
                    300        2,5
                       ._-     2.3--
    DistrtIution    250
    NftWori<                              Good
                    200        6.1
                               6.2
·                              3.5
                                                                                        PE,GMS,
                               38         Bad + Good
    NElitwDI1c                                                                          DN25


    4.2.5.       Required Water Production
    According to the required water demand the following y;elds, as summartzed in the
    table below will be required based on 20 hrs dally pumping.




    Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                        52
    AuaU8t. 2009
Table 4.7        The Required Yields of the Wells
                            RQqulred Wader            Reqdrad V'IeId ba1!illld on
              Year          o.mand                    RecomnI8flded 20 Pumping
                             3
                            m 'day                    In(lfS)
              2006                            9,400                                      131
              2010                            9,820                                      133
                                             18,123                       "-,,
                                                                                         252
          1
              2Q2()                          20,800                                      289
              2025                           23,658                                      329


4.2.8.        existing Wastewater Disposal System and Treatment Plant
Parts of the northern and eastern areas of Dhamar are currently served by an existing
sewer network consists of uPVC pipes with ciameter varying form 150-600 mm and
total length 58km. The first stage of Ohamar existing wastewater network
implemented In 1992 and the network Is stili In good condition. The remaining areas
                                                                                                  _5
have no wastewater collection system and cesspits are being used to coReet
wastewater.
Recently, a small sewer laying contract was being undertaken in ~mmar's western
areas of Omer berI AJ-Khatab and Al-Methaq. Under the contract, about 2.5 km of
200mm and 160mm diameters of uPVC pipes were laid. The works under this
contracts completed in 200ft The source of financing for this contract. was arranged
from Social fund.
The number of sewer house connections Is around 8660, covering about 42% of the
town population. The detail of e.xisting wastewater network i-e lengths, diameters and
materials of pipes is summarized as follows.                                .
Table 4.8        ExIsting Sewerage Network of Dhamar City
   Pipes                                                         m.



   Material             DIameter                length      Nolie
   uPVC                 Noaoo                  2km
                                                            The 1reeiment p/a1t with fOCI' ana«obic:
                                                            and two aerobic pondB.
                        NDN180                              Nunbar' cA sewer house oomection is
   uPVC                                        60km          8EIBO, repr-rong onty 42% d the town.

Oharnar existing Wastewater Treatment Plant (Natural Stabilization Ponds System) Is
located towards North East of the city as shown on the next page. The ptant recelvE/s
the waste water through a 2 km long uPVC pipe line of diameter ON 600 mm. 11'Ie
treatment plant was designed to receive an average wastewater flow a~
8,000 m'/day during winter and 12.000 m3lday during summer, which is not ~e
for the current wastewater flows. The two next figures show parts of the existirm
treatment plant.




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City
Auaust.2009
               Figure 4.6 Dhamar existill1 w~rtratment plant




               Figure 4.7 StabUization ponds of the existi~ treatment plant




            The plant requires rehabilitations and more controUing far the e~t qUiiiJ'. TI'le
."   ;\;.Ii treated effluent is discharged to the areas near the treatment ponds-with unrestricttld
     ''';1 reuse. The treatment plant consists Of four anaerobic and two aerobic ponds. The next
     '.1 .'.   figure shows pa.rt or the reuse uncontrolled actMtJes downstream the treatm&nt pfant.

               Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                     54
               Auoust. 2009
Figure 4.8 Reuse actMties downstream the treatment plant




4.3.     Ecological and Archaeological Conditions

This section entails description of the exJsting Flora and Fauna of the project area.

4.3.1.   Flora
For the natural habitats and endangered flora speciel, there are no records of any
endangered species at the City or the UTOUnding areas. This 15 also confirmed durtng
the scoplng seMlon as It will be presented In Chapter 6

4.3.2.   Fauna
As mentioned eal1ler, the Governorate hosted a remarkable number of sheep heads.
cows and camels. The intensity Of the Uvestock in the City Of Dhamar is very minimal
due to the type Of works and jobs that are available. Most of the animals are distributed
within the villages and sub villages of the Governorate. There are no records Of
endangered fauna spedes at the City.

4.3.3.   Archaeology
Dhamar Governorate IS considered the geographical center of the (Hymirit Civilization).
Dhamar has ruled in the past by strong King of Hymirit tribes whose name was Dhamar
Ali. Ohamar is famous and known by natural minerai baths which are considered an
important feature in Yemen whioh are located in Annes district and AI Hassin village.

It was a trade center and situated in the middle of the country. It connects all Yemeni
to\WlS with each others. It used to be surrounded by great Cestles. The City of Dhamar

Draft EIA Report or Dhamar city                                                         55
Auaust. 2009
       played an Important role during Islam so it has famous mosques as (The Grand
       Mosque) which is considered as the oldest one In Yemen, in addition to the oldest
       school in Yemen (AI Shamsya school) .
                                . ·,4ijtltGfiCt< .. t '.' .
                                                   :~.       '
       4.4.      Topography, Soil and Geology iitt~·.
                                                           ria...
       Ohamar Is located in the central area of Yemen belWi8n 444,200 - 444.600 East and
       1,419,000 - 1,419,210 North. Most of the highways connecting Yemeni cities are               .,..
       passing through the governorate. The area is characterized by ftat agricultural land         f·
       through which some hills and mountains exist. such as Yefa'a Mountain in the west and        ',:. ' .
       Ghata Haran that is located in the north side of Chamar City. ThiS mountain is
       considered as the site of an old votcano which covered most of the city by basaltic
                                                                                                      ..-
       formations and volcanic ashes in the old ages.
       The area in the north of the City where the campus of the Universit¥. qf
       gentty inclined towards east and north east.                         ..

       Soil investigations study was pertonned on June 2008 for the project; three hundred
       and eighteen boreholes went dlilled at the lite to cover wastewater and water
       networks, water tanks and treatment plant which located in Chamar City.

       The resuHs of the soil investigations conducted for the drilled boreholes (10 m depth) at
       the location of wastewater treatment plant encountellJd subsurface material consist of
       the following layers:

       . Top soil materials composed of light brown Silty clay with gravels and cobbles of basalt
     · : Mixture materials composed of brown silty clay with gravels and cobbles of basalt.
       'Gray highly frftc;tY(8d ~.ighly weathered moderately weak to moderately strong basatt.

       For the borenoTei Jrtited at the location of the proposed water storage reservoirs
..     (Harran Reserwir, Harren Reservoir. and South Reservoir) with average depth from 6 -
        9 m; ~ ~~.~erJ$:ountered In these sits consist s of the following layers:

       }>     HananR~rvOlr:        _.J.t·..... . ~
                                   _ ·· _  '.·~                  . . '.'.
                                              ......... 4 ....ii·.W-.;.. ..:·..·   -..   .
                                                                                         ,~  ~
              · Top soil matertal composed of brown silty day with gravels and cobbles of
                volcanic ash and basalt.
              · Dark grey to black fractured weathered weak to moderately weak volcanic
                 ash.
              · Light pink to pink highly fractured highly weathered very weak to weltk
                volcanic ash.

       ,      Dhamar Reservoir:
              · Fill materials composed of light brown silty clay with gravels and cobbles of
                basalt and volcanic ash,
              · Brown moist stiff silty clay with gravels of volcanic ash.
              · Light brown to light rosy highly fractured highly weathered volcanic ash.




       Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City
       Auaust. 2009
)0    South Reservoir:
      · Black moderately weak highly fractured highty weathered basalt Intercalated
        with volcanic ash.
      · Pink very weak to weak highly fractured highly weathered volcanic ash.

The subsurface materials encountered in the drilled boreholes conducted for the routes
of water and wastewater networks consist of the following layers (with average depth of
5-10 m):
      · Top soil materials composed of light brown to silly clay with gravels and
         cobbles of basalt and volcanic ash.
     · Fill materials composed of dark brown to brown silty clay with Qravels and
         cobbles of basalt and volcaniC ash
     · Dark brown to brown moist stiff to very stiff sandy silty clay with gravels and
         cobbles of basalt and volcanic ash.
     · Light brown to pink very weak highly fractured highly weathered VOlcanIC aSh.
     · Dark gray moderately strong fractured weathered basalt.
     · Grey moist very weak marl with gr&Yels and cobbles of basal.
     · Reddish brown moist to wet very weak very clayey mart
     · Mixture materials composed of brown silly clay with gravels, cobbles ana
         boulders of basaH and volcanic ash.

The northern part of Oharnar Is covered with wlcanlc basaltJc rocks and ashes from the
third age. On the other hand the southern part is malnty composed of clay and sill that
are mixed with sand.

Ohamar area has been eJCPosed to several seismic events. One major earthquake tOQk
place in 1982, which is considered the mBior earthquake that hit Yemen in the modem
age. One of the major natural faults is passing through north eastem part of the city.
This fault is seismicaly active. On the other hand, in the northern. the north western
and western sides of the city Ieft..tateraI- normal faults can be noticed. As for . .
southern side of the city. it is considered an active area from seismic point of view,
where medium and week seismic actMties are still recoded to date, which renders ~
area as one of the active seismic areas in Yemen. The next figure shows Dha"..r
Geological map, while the table after tt lists the geological formation and ages that alf'
existing in Dhamar area.




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar city                                                       57
Auauet 2009
Figure 4.9 Geological map of Dhamar




Table 4.9    Geological tonnatlon and ages In Dhamar region

  Period                                   symbol     Letter     litho logy description
  CENOZOIC         QUATERNARY                         Q6         Loess and ancint dJneas             I
                                                                  : areae d wild-plown sols WId '
                                                                 sands.                         I
                                                      QVP
                                                      QVT
                                                                 Stave
                                                                 l$1Iimtlrait ashftow deposit
                                                                                                     !
                                                                                                     I
  CENOZOIC         TERTIARY                           TVP        Basalt
                                                     TVl         Trachyte
            "'-
                                                     TVA    _.   Rhyolite and dacite




                        z?· ,"
Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                                 58
August 2009
CHAPTER 5:        GUIDELINES FOR CONDUCTING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
                  ASSESSMENT IN YEMEN

5.1.     Introduction

The selecUon of criteria for the evaluation of the anvlronment and socio-economlc of
the progeam an intenslw review for all potential emltronmental Impacts of the
                  i
project neees         Regardless, if It has direct or Indirect affects with regards to the
general        nmental categories (World Bank classification category A. B, C, Fl). The
selection criteria and characterization win consider the favorable or unfavorable
impacts of the project from design, construction and operational; resettlement and land
acquisition; assessment of the project significance such as likelihoOd, intensity. risk and



                                                                               .sa
environmental impacts; and identification the potential signiftcant impacts witt'!
emphasis on speciaf characteristics of the Yemeni environment,

The guidelines for conducting environmental impacts assessments and the
the semening to define the project category have been discussed in this chapter. This
guideline was developed under phase I of this study, named the Sectoral
Environmental Assessment guidelines for the water and sanitation sector. It was
                                                                                        Of



essential to elaborale on the findings of our SEA study and how that will be reftected 01
our analytical procedures at this stage,


5.2.     Objectives

Scoping and screening wll consist of identifying, for each potential project, the major
issues, the appropriate environmental category, and establishing a plan for appropriate
environmental assessment (EA) studies. It will also serve to heighten awareness of
these issues among stakeholders and Institutes, which are engaged In the plarming
process. Scoplng will rely on baseline data drawn from refated reports, lnteMews,
photographs and maps, supplemented by on-site Inspection and initial stakeholder
consultations.

The main objective of these guidelines Is to set procedural framework for thtr
Environmentalists in Yemen to perform scteening, and sooping before deeiding on the
level of Environmental Impact Assessment of any Water and Sanitation Project.

These guidelines will be adopted for conducting the specific EIA studies of the 14
urban centers that were mentioned in chapter one of this report. The terms of reference
Of this study requested the Consultant to develop the EIA guidelines In phase I and
consider it during the preparation of the EIA in phase II.

The process of EIA study started with dec::kllng on the category of the project based on
the anttclpated negative Impacts. The figure on the next page shows the recommended
steps toward dec::kling the level of EIA that need to be done, and usually called
screening process. Categories of -A". -B", "C· and "FI- are related to the Worid Bank
categorization that gave an indication of the sensitivity of the project from the
environmental aspects. The highest environmentally sensitive is "A" and the lowest is
"FI", All the details of these categories are attached in annex 2 of this Report.

After deciding on the Category, which Is an indication of the level of detals for Iha
environmental Impact assessment study; the second step will be to check thE"

Draft EIA Report of Dhamar city                                                        59
Auaust. 2009
    requirements of each category and the necessary safeguards that need to be
    considered for each project. The last step will be to WlJC!'lf't out the study based on the
    conduslons in previous stages.                        ...

    Figure .5.1 Schematic diagrams shows the steps for deciding on EIA level




                                                             Safegwm:l

·                                                             polkin



                                         DeddeOil             Del'llle die
            Euvimamenaal                                                     Implemeatation
           Cate.." C'IIecldist           ~                     level of
                                        A.B.c,n               RIAstud)'



                 !kreeoin&
                 C'IIecIdbt

               (Stage I)                (Stage 2)             (Sfllge 3)     (Sfllgc4)




    In the following sections. more elaboration will be presented regarding the proposed
    methodologiCal approach that may be adopted for screening process before conduding
    the environmental assessment (EA) studies for Water and Sanitation Projeas In the
    Republic of Yemen.


    5.3.       Environmental Category Checklist

    Environmental category checklist is prepared to support the environmental
    categorization process and focuses on the antidpated environmental potential impacts
    of the Water and Sanitation projects in refatlon to the following aspects:

           · Land Resources;
           · Hydrology, Hydrogeology and Water Resources Management;
           ·   Air Quality and Noise Nuisance;
           · Biological Resources (Flora and Fauna);
           · Socio-Economic and Cultural Resources

    category Checklist was developed to assists the deciSion maker to pin point on the
    category level of the project as shown in the next table. The definition of these
    categories is shown In after it.



                                       ,,-.~_ ~M.:h~
                                             I.-   ."   '"




    Draft EIA Report of Dhamar Cit'!                                                          60
    Auoust 2009
    Table 5.1    category Checldlst
                                                                                          - ..........,
-   Klnddl~                   ~1dMty

                              'MVI:~                    -l8nd~
                                                        -R~
                                                                          ;;:;
                                                                                   .~


                                                                                          B
                                                        -Ai'&ncise
                                                        - BloIoglcall'eSOlJl'CeS

                              W"~                       - Land fl!ll!lOll'Ce5             B
                                                        - Re88UIemert
                                                        -AI"&noa
                                                        - BioiogiceI f8S(U'C8$
                                                                                                          -~-   ~   ~---~

                              W*~ert- -l8ndr~
                               ..
                                                                                         ~fr"---

                                                        - Reee1Hemenl:
                                                       I-Ai'&noa
                                                        ·   ~icaI     rosotlrCe$

                              W'iDr               em    · Soclo-t'ICCIlOI'fIic            C
    Awareness and Cspdy       Hygienic                  -~                                Fl
    BI.ildinG                 e<b;atIonal               -CUItI.nI~
                              PfOSJaTl
    W~                        Wastewaler               - SolI                             A
                              tnlalment pIsltl5        - Surt\'Ice & ~
                                                       - Human health
                                                       - Reseuiement
    -                                                   - Biologieal ~

                              ~                         Soil                              8
                              ooIIection                Grooodwater
                                                        Biological resoorces

                              Wfftil RtIli.IH          - SOil                            A
                                                       -Surface&~
                                                       - Hum., heeIIh

    I                                                  - Biological ~
                                                                                        ?M",m;"",,"""'"



    TableS.2     Definition of the categories
    Category A




    Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                                                 61
    AUQust.2009
CstepyB




For the case of Dhamar water and sanitation projects, it will be considered as a
Category -A- project. which may produce negatiVe Impacts on the project area and
surroundings and requires an EM? at the end of the process.


6.4.       Policy Frameworks and selected Safegcards

After deciding on the Category of the project (A), the neld step will be to select the
applicable safeguard policies that need to be ccnsidered for each category. For the
case of Dhamar, these policies are related to:

         · Resettlement Policy Framework, (OP 4.12)
         · Natural Habitats Policy Framework. (OP 4.04)
         · Cultural Resources Framework, (OPN 11.03, being revised 8S OP 4.11)

These safeguard polk:ies were quoted from Wortd Bank Guidelines and ara applicable
forthe case of water sector in Yemen.


5.5.       Details of safeguard Policies
5.5.1.     Resettlement
Projects involving "major" resettJement Impacts (i.e. more than 200 aft'ected persons)
shaH automatlc:ally be placed under environmental screening categoty (A) and will
require a Full Resettlement Plan a8 defined in the ResetUement Policy Fran18'NOrk.
Projects with less than 200 aft'ected persons shall be placed under categoty (8) and
Will require an Abbreviated Resetttament Plan.

The failure to take into account potential iovok.lntary resetUement in the devefoped
urban centers can increase the risk of hardship, poverty and increase environmental
damage. The over all policy objectives ant:

   a) Resettlement must be avoided or minimized, explorfng alternative project
      designs;

Draft SA Report of Ohamar City
Auaust, 2009
    b) Where it is unavoidable, resetUement must be handled as a sustainable
       development program, where the displaced persons are given the opportunity
       to join the planning and implementation process, while sharing the benefits of
       the project; and                 . , r:~:             :., ,'/\~w.
    c) Displaced persons I1'IJst be assisted to Improve their lIVelihOod' or, at Iea$l,
       restore It to pre-project level.

To fumn the purpo$8 of    tr)e I                        objective, ¥arrectedi:rsons' are
defined as:                               .   "
                                  .t+',.,,~ ,
                              <:._ fern:::::.,
                                   Uk
                                                                       .. ~'~~.,
                                                            or
      · AI persons who, as a result of works cameifout to b8 ~.
        project. would incur: Q) relocation or tess of shelter, such as houses; (I) loss of
        assets or access to assets such as land, or Qii) loss of income sources or
        means of livelihood whether or not the affected persons I1'IJst move to another
        location, such as shops or productive activities on the land; or
      · The involuntary restriction of access to legaly designated partes or protected
        areas resulUng In adverse impacts on the livelihood of displaced persons.

The Yemeni Constitution (Article 7.c and 20) protects citizens from general
expropriation of their assets. The Public utility Owner Law (111995) (PUOL), gives
governmental bodies (inclUding govemors) the right to acquire private property for
projects in the public interest. Yemeni law stresses that land expropriation is to take
place only in the event that no suitable land alternatives exist that are already in the
public domain. In such Instances the legal provisions for expropriation and
compensation will apply. The law describes the foRewing:

      · Situation of legal expropriatiOn
      · Procedures for expropriation; and
      · The agency responslbte for vatuation of the compensation and its procedures.

Former regulations exist for land acquisition in urban areas, under Executive
Regulations (280/1997) to the urban Planning Law (No. 20/1995). In th. . casea.
compensation for land taken for urban streets and services when the percentage crt'
area taken for public interest exceeds 25" of the property affected. When such
conditions apply, the procedures and documentation requinlmentl ant quite extensive
and time consuming and, as a result, the Law Is effectively applied in 10% of the cases.

Land-taking practice is rooted in longstanding traditional community-level agreements
geared to awid the expensive, time consuming litigations set up for the urban areas
which also trigger legal proceedings warranted by eMf law and the judicial proceSIJ.
The current practice consists In negotiating land donation by affected landowners,
and/or in-kind property replacement for buildings and structures, under the tutelage of
local authorities, generally the Govemor..

Assets developed by private individuals on Government land are not compensated in
case of demolition for public interest. Religious trust land (waqIJ is oonsidered public
property. However, assets devetoped by, and the benel'lts accruing to the priVate
renters of weqf states are liable to oompensation, including houses, taRns and shope.
The facilities built on trust land for aociaI or religious purposes, such as community
-   buildings; mosques and graveyards must be relocated and reconstructed in the nearest
    ~ntswt      place.

    In c:Oitcf~sIon,formal provisions for land elq)roprtatJon existlif Yemen.'   11~t=las·
    over land acquisition have been settled through consultations and Internal
    arrangements, which generally involves land donation and/or In-kind compenaation for
    loss of buildings. This practice provides guidelines for implementing a Resettlement
    Policy for UWSSP's Inconsistent with the WorkJ Bank OP 4.12 policy.

    5.5.2.   Natural Habitats
    Any proposed project located, or is adjacent to, any of the "dedared", "proposed
    declared" protected areas In Yemen shan automatically be placed in Envilonmental
    category A and wiH require to carry out a detaHed impact assessment and
    environmental Management Plan (EMp). a8 defined in the Natural Habitats Policy
    Framewolt (BP 4.(4), as part of tile overall EA Projects whose proposed alignment
    pass through or are adjacent to any "non-crltical habitat" may be category A or B
    depending on its relative locatiOn and ment of anticipated Impacts, but in either C8SO
    need to carry out the detailed impact assessment and EMP.

    The proposed projeCts could significantly convert or degrade natural habftats. which
    would trigger the application of the Natural Habitats Safeguard Policy, Operational
    Policy (OP) 4.04.

    Due the unknown exact location of the UWSSPs facilities, it is not possible to
    detennine which WSSP projed could significanUy convert or degrade natural habitats
    and thus It is necessary to establish a Natural Habitats Poflcy Framework (NHPF)
    which provides procedural guidelines on how to address thi~ ~y(l.i1.1 is occurred:

    The conservation of natural habitats is essential to   safeg~id 'ffietp ~!e
                                                                          biodiversity
    and to maintain environmental services and produds for human society and for Iong~
    tenn sustainable development.

     International Donors do not support projects invoMng the significant conversion Of
    natural habitats unless there are no feasible aJternatiws for the project and Is sitting,
    and comprehensive analysis demonstrates that overall benefits from the project
    substantially outweigh the environmental costs. if the environmental a$S8ssment
    Indicates that a project would convert or degrade natural habitats, the project must
    include mitigation measures acceptable to the donors. Such mitigation measures
    include, as appropriate, minimizing habitat loIS (e.g. strategic habitat nRention and
    post-development restoration) and establishing and maintaining an ecoi0gicaliy stmllar
    protected area The Wor1d Bank accepts other forms of mitigation measures onfy when
    they are technically justified. Based on the Wortd Bank's OperatiOnal Policy OP 4.04
    the f~lowing deftnitions apply:

    NIftUnII IuIbItIIt:s are land and water areas where: (i) the ecosystem's biological
    communities are formed IaIlJelY by natiw plant and animal species, and (if) humar
    activity has not essentiany modified the area's primary ecological functionr

    CI1tIcaI natul'llllNtbltlrtB: (i) existing protected areas and areas officially proposed by
    Govemments as protected areas (e.g. reaerves that meet the criteria of the WOOd
    Conservation Unlon~IUCN2~ dasslfication), areas InHia11y recognized 8S protected by
    traditional local communities (e.g. sacred groves or forests). And sites that maintain

    Draft EtA Report of Dhamar City
    Auaust. 2009
condftions vital for the vlabHity of these protected areas (as determined by the EIA
process) or (II) sites Identified on supplementary lists prepared by the Bank or an
authoritative source determined by the Regional Environmentat Sector of the Wond
Bank.

Siplflcant convenrion is the elimination or severe diminution (reduction) of the
integrity of a critical or other natural habIat caused by a major long-term change in land
or water use. Significant conversion may Include, rer example, land dearing
replacement of natural vegetation, drainage dredging, filing or canalization of wetlands.
etc. Conversion can resuH directly from the don of a project or through indirect
mechanism

DegnIdIIIIon is modification of a critical or other natural habitat that substantially
reduces the habitat's ability to maintain viabfe populations of its native species.

Approptl.,. conservation anti rnIIIfIatIon IJJe88UI'eS remove or reduce adverse
impacts on natural habitats or their functions, keeping such impacts within soclaIIy
defined limits of acceptable environmental change. Speeffic measures depend on the
ecological characteristics of the given site. Such measures will always indude provision
for monitoring and evaluation to provide feedback on conservation outcomes and to
provide guidance for developing or raftnlng appropriate corrective actions.

The scoping and screening process will be carried out by the staff. during which time
the applicability of the Natural Habitats Policy Framework 18 determined. This
determination is based on visual assessment of the existing location and any proposed
new locatIon that could entail IIgnJftcant conversion or degradation of a critical or non
critical natural habitat. These are defined as renows:

    a) Ct1tk:., Nltunll lulbifIIt the proposed location or is adjacent to any of tne
        declared- or proposed dadared- protected areas in Yemen.
    b) NotH:tlllt:ltllHllUraI h#IbIIK the proposed location or is adjacent to      a natural
        habitat, but is observed to be or Is locally known, as a sensitive natural habitat.

The legal and regulator framework concemlng the protection Natural Habitats and BicJ.
diversItY (Areas and Species) in Yemen is embodied in the following texis:

In general terms. the EPL provides for the establishment of individual protected ar&$s
where there is a need for conserving ecosystems and maintaining viable populations (If
species in their natural habitats. SUch protected areas are established on the conditiQn
that private ownenshlp is respected and dealt with according to the provisions of ttte
Constitution and other legisIaHon. Under the R8herles Law (No. 42. 1991, amended in
1997), the state can establish marine protected areas in Yemeni territorial watens.
Thus, the State may establish natural protected areas in any part of Yemeni tenHOf}'
regan::llesa of whether it is state or privately owned or endowed (Waqf. and with~
prejudice to the rights of owners to gat fair compensation.

In 1995, Yemen ratified the Intemational Convention on Biological Dlverstly (CBORlo
de Janeiro 1992). which has become part of Yement legisUition. The convention
Indudes provtslons concerning in-situ conservation. Mlde 8 (a) and (b) obligates
Parties to ueate a national system of protected areas and develop guidelines for their
selection, establishment and management.


Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                         65
August. 2009
The EPL does not designate one institution which Is to be responsible for protected
areas and ecosystems. However. it provides that the Environmental Protection Council
(EPC) (Now the Environmental Proteetion AuthOrity (EPA» or any other concerned
body" may present to the Councft of Mlnillers a proposal for establishing a protected
area. and that the Council of Ministers will designate the entity competent to adninlster-
the area.

The state has absolute sovereignty over and ownership of an natural resources,
according to Micle e of the Constltliion. Wild animals are owned by the state and not
by the owner of the land on which they are found. WrId plants enjoy the same
protection as wild animals, in accordance with the Constitution, even if grown on
plivatety owned land.
The EPL provtdes broad protedlon for wild animal species In..situ. The law states that
all fauna and binis that haw their habitat in Yemeni territory, as well as migratory binis,
have legal protection. Protection for wild plant species is limited to rare and endemic
spedes

The EPL does not address the issue of managing wild species generally. It allocates
responSibility for controlling hunting to the EPC (now EPA) or any other competent
body". The Fishenes Law gives the Minister of Fishef1es broad powers in the field of
protecting, developing and managing fisheries and mar1ne resources.

5.5.3.    Cultural Resoun:ea
Projects, whose proposed alignment runs through or is adjacent to any physical cultural
resources shall tngger the applcatJon of the Cultural Resources Policy Framework, b\rt
may be placed in Environmental category A or B. depending on the relative location
and extent of anticipated impacts.

Cultural Resources Policy Framework, which provtdes procedural guidelnes on how to
address this issue should the case arise. This Policy Framework has been developed
in conformance with OP 4.04.

The World Bank seeks to agSl countnes to manage their physical cuttural resources
and to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts of development projects on these resources.
To this end, the Bank seeks to:

      ·   Enaure that physk:al cultural resources likely to be impacted by Bank...financed
          projects are identified, protected and managed
      · Ensure that project design and implementation comply with the lJOimwer's
        national laws governing the pmteclton of physical cultural resources
      · Conbibute to the development of the BoIT'OW9r's capacity to identify. protect
        and manage physical cultural resources.
      · The Bank nonnally declines to finance projects that wiU significantly damage
        nonreplicable cultural resources and assists only those projects that are sited
        or designed so as to prevent such damage.

The Bank assists in the protection and enhancement of cultural properties encountered
in Bank-financed projects, rather than leaving that protection to chance. In some cases,
the projeCt is relocated in order that sites and structures can be preserved, studied and

Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City
AlIJusl. 2009
              restored Intad in..situ. In other cases, structures are relocated. preserved, studied and
              restored on alternate sUes. Often, SCIentific study. selective salvage and museum
              preservation befOre destruction Is au that is I"I8Cft68ry. Molt such project$ include the
              training and strengthening of Institutions entrusted with safeguarding a nation's cultural
              patl1mony. Such actMties are directly included In the scope of the project, rather than
              being postponed for some possibI& future action, AR.A~~t",~"a" ,iOt~'U,d-'!)
              computing averan projed costs.                           .                  , ~.!.,."

              Physical ·cultural resources· are defined as movable or immovable objects, sites,
              structures, natural features and landscapes that have archaeological, paleontological,
              hlstortcal, architedural, religious. aesthetic, or other cultural signlftcance. Physical
              cultural resources may be located in urban or rural settings and may be abOve ground.
              underground or underwater.        :s;;; .. WSii';'fl':'t> . . '.            .' :.of_ -~! ..'" ..
                                                                                          ..~2..~,
              The scoping and screening process will be carried out during which time the '.<;
              applicability of the Cultural Resources PolIcy Framework il determined. This
              determination is based on visual assessment of the proposed site and any possible
              adverse impact on physical cultural resources. If such impacts are identified &coping .' ,
              and scteening wiN Include an InlHal assessment to det~· ·~ese impacts
              can be avoided or minimized through the design measurel. .< ,.:

              The initial assessment during scoping and screening will Include consultations with the
              community, local government and authorities. 80 as to obtain as best an understanding
              as possible at this stage on the scope of the potential impact. as well as the various
              design options for avoidance or mitigation.

              Aware of the exceptional importance of Yemen cultural heritage. the Govemment of
             ,Yemen enhanced the Law on Antiquities (21/1994) and in 1997 established the
            ;General Organization for Antiquities, Manuscripts and Museums (GOAMM -Decree No.
              128/97) and the General Organization for the Protection of Historic Cities (GOPHC-
              Decree No. 129197) as the Institutional bodies which are responsible for protection and
              research on cuHural heritage in Yemen. Both Organizations are under the Supervision
              of the Ministry of Culture (formerty Ministry of Culure and Tourism) and have juridical
              status and independent financial responsibilitytt't'.     -   ,

                The Law on Antiquities, integrated with the Law No.811997 (together referred to heretn
               .as the Lawj constitutes the organic text for the archaeological sectors management In
           , ~~the whole country. It defines as ·antlquly" any material left by Yemeni civilization or left
              ~by previOUS Yemeni generations in the form of manufactured products, erected
           ··. ~stl\ldures, inscriptions, or writings older than two hundred years. This includes
         , "jdocuments. manuscripts and remains of humans, animals. and plants. The definltlQn
       ~"")~'1also covers remains of cities, buldings, caves, and schools found on land or within
       , - ; national waters. All antiquities are owned by the Stale,

       .,:$      The Law's provisions prohibit the undertaking Of agricultural. industrial. or
        . ':r.:Jtelecommunications projects in antiquities areas without prior approval. It also prohibits
'i/o     ""~the use of these areas to Install wastewater facilities, irrigation facilities, build
            ~: ~ cemeteries, or even remove trees that will change the general appearances of the
                 area. The law stipulates penalties for violations, which inter-alias cover the transfer of
                 antiquities area to other uses, preparations for agriculture damaging ruins and removal
                 of soil from a site without prior approval, the revision for executive regulations is not
                 indicated in the law.


              Draft E1A Report of Dhamar City                                                          67
              Auoost. 2009
     Article 8 of the Law establishes the possibility and the crlteria of expropriating land In
     which archaeological remains are found: In the case of clscovery of immovable
     atr::haeologfcal objects on land of demonstrated ptIvate ownership and whose
     conservation on the same site as .. valuable archaeOlogical object is required for the
     sake of public Interest, the ~ has Ihe light of diteCt exproptllllllon, annexil1g
     the ptOpf!IIty In exchange for }tIfIt comptIJmIIIIion, on the basis of the expropr/flJlJOtt Law
     for pubIc intenJ.8t The value of the trI1'ChaeoIogicel objects which Bte found lttete is /X?t,
     taken Into oonskJerafion in lillllribuling the value of the expropriated land",             ~

     Article 13 of the Law introduces the concept of a 500 meters observance distance-: ·tt
     is forbidden to Install heavy and t:Iitng8I'OU8 induatries, m/Iitaty industries, cement
     fact.orIeB or qUflfl"iel!l at a ~ 01 ,... than half IfIIometer from any tlfdlaeoIogIcsI
     site. Exce¢on is made for thosre sItutitIoM in which the Organization petnIta It with
     obligatory respect of its concllions, ffIlCI it is /ikewis(t fOI'bk:Iden to dg under roads, carry
     out in<IusttIaI, agtfcuItursl or fIIIhery ptOjecta, or exJ:end ovettand eIeG1rIcaI, telephone or
     telegraph ctIb/e.s in at'CI1aeoIogiceI site aI'MS. prior to the Organization's consent...

     Article 14 of the Law establishes the powers of the arehaeological authorly to halt
     wol1\: which may damage archaeologlcat remains: The ard'IaeoIogfcaI authority has the ..
                                                                                                    anf' ,:
     right to halt any work which causes damage to an arr:haeoIogJC8I object or to an .'
     archlleologiesl area whether dItectIy or irtdlrectty, and It likewise has the ri(/rt to annul ~
     the provilJiOn through adminisIraIJve chanrlels will the help of the S8CUrity forces, such
     as Imposing on the transgressor the duty of f8StorIng the object to its orlfinal state. and
     otherwise it win carry out the work at the ttansgtessor's expense".

     The Ministry of Endowment, A wqaf fa another important body to the conservation
     process since It owns a great deal of property and Is the biggest property owner in the
     old dtles.

     In conclusion, the Yemen legal framewol1\: provides an adequate legal, instttutionaland
     procedural basis for ensuring the World Bank policy objectives in respect of physiqll
     cultural resources.
                                                                                                ~   ......




-~




                                                                                                    68
     Auaust 2009
                                                    I

                                                _-l .   ·.......,WI!:t\.:..._   .'.'
       CHAPTER 6:        SCOPING ACTIVITIES AND COMMUNITY CONSULTATIONS

   .Scoping is a process whiCh occurs at the initiation of project planning to Identify the
 '. study area. potential environmental Issues, preliminary alternatives, related declslons
   ~and affected parties, and to establish lime lines and responsibilities for completing an
    environmental assessment. Scoping generany involves specialists from different
  'departments and institutions with knowledge of the technical components of the
  IPropoaed action and of the geographical area where the action ~r oelmjilementect
    Also' scoping snould include" pUblic pamapition.

    To ensure that all the environmental issues wiD be adequately addressed in the EIA
,~' study during all stages of the project life cycle. scoping session at Ohamar City was
    conduded and attended by key stakeholders of the project. The main objective of this




                         _ ...·
                                                                                .
    section is to document the dates and attendants of these sessio~ ruutings and
    outcomes of the scoping session were considenJd in deftning theVirued environmental
    components (VECS.) of the stu~'r:~.4"'''
                                  .. ;.~\~~L
                                                                                       .'- ."' -
       6.1.      Seoplng Objective. and Methodology

    scaping fa meant to determine the scope and the significant of the issues identified in
   ,preparation for further anatyais            m
                                       EIA. Including direct and indirect effect on the
- ·;environment. The primary purpose of scoping is to establish the e)dent of the
   ;subsequent EIA, ensuring that, as far as possible. all potentially significant
    environmental impacts are adequately addressed.

   In this case, scoping will determine those potentially signiftcant enVironmentallmpacta
  .likely to result from the construction and operations of the proposed water and
  'wastewater projects. The outcome of scopIng would be that only potentiaHy signiftcant
  "impads associated with the project are carried forward to the assessment stage. Ottt,r
   impacts would therefore not be asaessed further. Scoping ensures that mitigation and
   enhancement measures are ldentifted at an eatly stage tn the design process for a
   project.. This should minimize the need for subsequent design amendments and ensure
   that environmental protection and su&talnability are key factors in the design.     ...~
                                                                                             1Itl/'...
   To achieve the above objectives, a seeping session was held in Dhamar on 01, March,
   2008. The seSSion was attended by different stakeholders who represented vaoo..
   sectors. The purpose of the scoping session that was organized In Dhamar are:

              · To identify the signftlcant envtronmentallssues which will be addressed in    the
                EtA
              · To describe how the-significant issues will be analyzed
              · To present a draft outline of the ElA study.
                           ·   .- .... 4   .-
                                     .,
   In order       to
                 f8riiRiarize' tile EIA study team with the physical and socioeconomic
   environment of the project area and its vidnity. preliminary Visits to the proposed
   project sites were conducted before starting the sessions. In addition, field surveys
   were carried out so as to investigate physiCal, biological and socioeconomiC resources
   within the project a r e a . " " · ' '.                           ·
", ~




   Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                            69
   Auaust. 2009
    To obtain a full picture of the situation. consultations with different IndMduals from
    govemmental and nongowmmental organizations (NGOs) were carried out. The
    seoping .process involved the ~I'~~~~:S: _                                                  .         -(
                                   .w'\',q,:;.L·4:'iI,&+'.-.J ...   ., ' d   .......   ~ ..   ,,:+ ;».:.,.....
          · Field research and site visits to identify key envtronmental Issues associated
            with the proposed project.
          · Consultation with government departments, scientific and other institutions,
            and. where appropriate. with Interested groups and societies, especially
            NGO·s.
          · Identification of environmental assessment frameworks an~ pro~dures
            promulgated by the ofttciaJ Yemeni regulatory authorttles. ·~ ~ ,    '::,.,'.
          ·   Public participation seSSion conducted specially for alowlng different
              stakeholders that may be affected by the project to express their views and
              Interests.               . . ',>-l.


     To obtain Input from knowledgeable and affected individuals, NWSA. PMU and the
     local corporations in collaboration with the consulting team attended the scoping
     sesSion In Dhamar on March 1. 2008 which that covered by the project according to an
    'agreed upon schedule with the crlent. Due to the geographic locations of Dhamar, AI
    'Baidah and Meabar. one scoping session was held for the three centers for more
     fruitful discussions and examining similar challenges.

    The Engineering Consultants CECI was invited ofttcially by the CDent to attend the
    scoping sessions at the different urban centers (Group I) In order to assist In presenting
    the components of the proposed water and sanitation projects to the audience.

    The lCOping sesalon 1n Dhemar wD Ufliqlle -inti a good opportunity to meat with
    stakeholders and consultants to express their concerns and raised questions about th~
    future projects.               , .                                                 ".

                      ,
    The scoping J fia~' ~repte ta'l ng       mier Consulting which attended and
    ~sesaions consists of the Project Manager. two senior environmentalsts, water and
                                                                                                 run      the

    ~sanitation engineers, socio-econonist in some cases and the supporting staff for
   ilogistical purposes.

    ,A list of participants was Identified by MoWE, who issued Invitation to aD stakeholderJ.
    lPrior to scoping session, the Consultant met with MoWE officials. reviewed the projet:l
       components, and Identified potential issues. The Consultant then prepared scopklg
   ~session        pack8t for each town covered by the project and has distributed to all
   '1attendees of the sessions. The questionnaire that was prepared for reporting the
  " :reactions and concems of the attendants at the 8COping sessions is attached in Annttx
     ..., of this report.

,. 'The list of participants and the program at the ~afit.tached in                                 An,.
   ,13 of this report. The following figures show cited photos of the seoping session.
                            Figure U Ohm-rmr - Maaoor - AI Baldah scoplng session - Atteooants                       at the mooting




*"




                              The scoplng IIIsion was destgr£                          m,at
                                                                           Ii nlUCh information ..d issues "ossible
                             ,from the partldpants. The Consultant adopted high tech In presenting the Information
                            ,;and stemming the results during the sessions. Power point pntseniations were
                            ~prepared for each center with all the details in Arabic and English. A consensus
                            1buildlng was accomplished before starting the distribution of the questionnaire. WIth
                        .' . 'that In mind, the consulting team divided the session into three major phases:

                                       ·    In the first phase and after the official opening ceremony, the Consuftant
                                            presented the fundamental background, objectiveS and scope of the project.
                                            The maln environmental features of the project area were presented by
                                            various consulting team members.. Data collected were also presented. This
                                            was designed to allow for an overall understanding of the process and the
                                            system component of the project. In addition, a special presentation by the
                                                    "                      ~;:>'?,'......."""
          , :,.
             '" .... red·
         .... "                              .l,.          .'             ",., /.,-r,  -- .

I
                                                        ~..A.re~   ..................t=+'
     '- ... ~"··"~ :~Draft E1A Report of Dhamar City                                                                                  71
     .; .<:,' t         :~. JAUIlust.      2009


I                .
                 _0.,




       .......

                              01- ··                                                            1.;.."
                                                                             · - . - . _ _ _.....        '~.J   ,.
                              consultant was devoted to environmental Issues during which the scope and
                              objectives of the EIA process were presented. The main issues and the
                              proposed outline of the study were identified. Furthennore. the way In which
                              the scoping session will be carried out was explained, .<, 9"'" ,~ ·.1.1; ,"':~ .. '.

                          · In the second phase, the stakehOlders were given the opportunity to elaborate,
                            highlight, and discuss with the consulting team various issues that could
                            reftect their Interests and worries. The Issues raised during these discussions
                            were focused around three main pivotal groups of issue&:
                               o Environmental and Public Health Issues
                               o SocIo- Economic issues
                               o Biodiversity and Heritage and CuHurallssues .
                                                                    ......
                                                                       ,
                                               -- -                 !'~
                          ·   In the third phase, specially designed questionnaires ware distributed to the
                              participants and were asked to fill it. To lead and stimulate the discussions and
                              document the output, a facilitator and reporter were aSSigned, The partiCipants
                              were asked to identify any anticipated additional impacts during different
                              phases Q.e. planning. construction, operation and decommissioning) of the
                              project which were not covered during the consutlant presentation. This has
                              resulted In enhancement of information and data collected eartfer.         . '~,'

                                       .....       ·... '       .' .....L
                                                                ,#~            _ . ab= · "
                                                                               r.)!.S. _ '; ·       0 - .....




                   6.2.       Main Outcome of the Scoplng sasslons

                   The main outcomes and results of the seoping session can be divided, according to the

                                                                .
                   prepared que!tiOfl~~~i~ihe following categories:
                                        ,      "
                       1. Public health and environment
                                                            ~



                          ·   Risk from wastewater reuse
                          · Workers' health
                          · Surface and groundwater
                          · Noise
                          · Oust

                       2. Socio economic Issues
                          ·   Employment
                          · Land prices

                      3. Biodiversity and cultural issues
                        · Flora and fauna
                        · The Agrtcultufal projects established in the area.
                        · Sites of cultural and historical value r:"

          :, ,.>   :"J"he Consultant considered the &COping sessions as a success events that achieved
      " " ': '1he objectives that were set at "T"oIJIM
                                        ,  ,.
                                              the beginning. Degree of inwlvement an understanding
                                                              ..                                :,:~ ~')o ,     '

                                                                             ','       ~~'
             "


"                 "
     ..:~~u~";.;D:::raft:;;-;:E:;--:IA;;-:R;:;-eport~::-:-:of;-;:D::-;ha-m-:--ar-:;c;:;;;ily------------------72-
    " .,... ", ....,..,UQuet. 2009
    . :',    -~




                                                                                        t:: '



                                                                               ,   '


                                                                    .ii*4_~.?                   '
        ranges from one center to another depending on the level of Involvement in the project
        and the essentiality of the proposed project&.fg[JDJ... . ~l~,
        The outcomes of the scoping            sess,;:-r"::r8"'iu~m1rizia         1n the form of
        recommendations. as foIlows:-     r




        6.2.1.   Public health and environment
        The practices of reuse of treated wastewater need to be controHed under the
        responsibility of Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of water and the local corporation In
        Ohamar. Tb~ sludge should be collected and property mitigated.

        Main mnciffl's·· about the agricultural pattern and the type of crops which can be
        irrigated by the reclaimed water need to be addressed In the EIA Report.  ....
                                                                                       "~~'.
        Specific mitigation measures for reducing the noise, dust and other air pollutant as a
        resuH of the projects implementation.
        Awareness program for fanners should be canied out before operating the wastewater
        treatment plants.

        A fully equipped laboratory with all necessary Instruments for water and treated
        wastewater characterization should be provided at the axlsting treatment plant,
        The setected site for wastewater treatment plant and pumping stations should be
        environmantaly and socially evaluated with emphasis on the land acquisition, negative
        impacts. water rause and their effect on the groundwater aquifers. Certain attention
        should be given to the north eastern side of the C i t y . '               - .. ',', ~1~ ':
                                                                                               : .......... ~. VA\.


        Flood protection measuras should be taken _. the area of expanding the existing
        wastewater treatment plant. This area is. impacted 'by water streams after the rainy
        periods.             . . ~~                                           '"   .. 'f~'~                      ,


        Safety measures should be part of the contract of the contractors who will start the
        construction. Based on past experiences, contractors don't respect the safety rules and    . ,.
        measures for their labors and for the surrounding communities. :-;" ~.' . ~ ... ~*'~~;' ..



        Ensure that the land and properties acquisition are discussed and covered Wtth the
        Client during the preparatiOn of the EIA report for the water supply and senltation
        projects. This is valid for the water supply system. sanitation and wastewater
        plant.
                                                                                           treatmen,
        Specific ..atlfli'Hlhdations for the management of the existing infraslruduf8s and
       ~jservlces (electriciy and communication lines; roads etc) during and after constructions                          \-',
      . ·1need to be addressed. Thera should be proper     coordin~n        with the service delivery
          agencies befOf8 and during the construction.   D..t. ,$.:::   1




    ' .. ,~Shorten the duration of water cut during the construction of the new water supply
       l~system and the same for the sanitation collection system. Provide proper altematives
        , Jor discharging the wastewater of the currently served citizens.
.                                                                                                             ~       .
. :.~ :"~ ~~Invotve the local labor of Dhamar Governorate In the construction activities of th~
           project.

        Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                               73
        Auoust. 2009
Proper road management should be planned before the starting of the construction. It
is known that Dhamar city has narrow streets and the construction of the water and
sanitation systems will Interfere with the traffic now and may cause congestions. This
item should be thoroughly studied between the Client and the traffic department and
start a community campaigns regarding the possible detours and Interference of the
current traffic inside the City.      ' J' . , ;
                                      ~
The type of soli in Ohamar is rocky, which means that the contractor will use heavy
machines and jack hammers intensively. The raise in noise levels should be monitored
and controlled during the implementation of the project. '.

The debris and construction wastes should be transported and dumped in remote
areas which will be allocated by the local govemment in coordination with the Client
and the contractor.            ",. . 1 - -", -,
                                                                             ··.rl.,,~


Consider the Mure development urbanization as a result of the expanding of the water
supply and sanitation facilities in the project area. It is expected that the Immigration
from the peri-urban areas towards the city will inaease.




Special terms and conditions shoufd be developed for the contractor to       ",move          the
waste and ",cover al the road construction work.

8.2.3.   BIodiversity and cultural issues li--.... ~~:
 The attendants didn't expect that there will be any Impacts on the existJng flora and
·fauna at the city, mainly because the project is within the urbanized areas which lack
 the natural flora and fauna. This Item Is considered negligible for the case of Ohamar
 City.                         ~:-:'                                       . ..., -~:.,
                              ,..........   i:                                           .   ,,~,



Attention should be giwn to the historical sites and old mosques at the city. In ca~
that any signs of archaeological sites were appeantd during the construction, it stlol$:t
be reported and managed in cooperation with the local government.                      '




Auaust 2009
       CHAPTER 7:           ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FOR THE WATER
                            AND SANITAl10N PROJECTS

       7.1.       General

       Potential environmental impacts of the project including direct/Jndfrect impacts were
       identified and quantified for the proposed project. The environmental impact
       assessments trigged the fawrable and unfavorable impacts of the program from
       design, construction to the operational phases, as well as resettlements and land
       acquisition. Also, the assessment of the project significance such as likelihood,
       intensity risk, and environmentat sensitivity, which was identified with emphasis on
       special features of the Yemeni environment. Once implemented and put into operation
       the project will have several positive Impacts on Dhamar inhabitants. Some of the
       positive Impacts are;
              1. Improving the water supply ability to Dhamar residents and meet the increasing
                 demand on drinking watel
              2. Supplying good quality drinking water quality and improving the inhabitants'
                 sanitation level
      ;1 3. Increasing the wastewater coIection rate which will protect the city water
                 resources and protecting the tegional Environment
           4. Through the construction of infrastructure, investment environment is improved,
              channels of financial Investment are opened up, and employment opportunity is
                 increased. ·- ---WIiiWS    aJ% tE"C       N·~;~~         "·0 '-'-'''''';'''   .:¥4~
                                                                                                ',.'   -......- .
      7.2.        Enytron~llmpacts          during preparation and construction phsSf.

        Construction of the proposed adMties will take place In stages over the period of short,
        medium and long term plans horizon. In addition, the impacts associated with the
     .' construction activities will be Iocafized and limIed to the areas along the water and
        sewer pipes rout, the road Intersections and the wastewater treatment plant site which
        will be subjected for expansion.

      The Impact of the proposed project'. components can be classHied as negative or



-
      positive Impacts, direct or indirect Impacts and then the impacts due to the ~r
      supply project in comparison with the sanitation and wastewater treatment
      components. It is obvious that there are shared impads of both the water and
      sanitation projects, but stiR the sanitation and wastewater treatment will generate more
      negative impacts dur1ng construction and operation.

      These impacts will Influence specifically the proposed project area and widely tne
      surrounded areas. Specific non-technical impacts are also relevant and induded as a
      macro impacts. The anticipated impacts from the construction and operational phasQs
      were identified and described in the foUowIng sections:

      7.2.1.      Envlronmental Impacts during Preparation and Construction Phases for
                  the water resources development and water supply system
      These are impacts which have been identified through the assessment process as
      those which will have a signiftcantly negative influence on the receiving biological.
      physical and socio-economic environment and cultural recourses. These impacts an"

    ... ,Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                          75
         AUQust.2009
 listed below as from the highly significant negative impacts down to the moderate. The
 highly significant Is labeled as (HS), the moderate signif'ieant is (MS) and the low
 significant Is {LS}.
        · Changes in the water regime and posslble water cuts at certain districts c4 the
          city (HS);     ":i                            ;,;." ..~~'"         ~'!'
        · Traffic intert"ereriCe ~dcb is comidered .. thfa main n~ impad on:llle
          city due to the narrow streets and the lack of service roads (HS);
        · NoIse levels wtll be scaled up due to the UM of heavy machines specially the
          Jade; hammers for the rocky areas excavations (MS);
        · Possible Intederence with the existing facitilles such as electticity and
          communications (MS);
        · Diminished air quality - exhaust fumes wJll scaled up due to the existence of
          the trucks, heavy machlrtes and the increase tramc at the construction areas
          (MS);
        · Sodal impHcatIons - mainly the health aspects due to the possible accidents
          and Injuries c4 the local community and the labours at the project site (MS);
        · Problem of construction wastes and the improper management of the
          contractors to collect and transport the ~ o~..tho. city towards the
          dumping sites (MS).
        · Construction camp sites and its impacts on the surrounding communities (LS);
        · Borrow pit areas and the chances of leaving these pits without recovering
            (LS);             ,~..rur:        .. ~ ':-;:
          · Aesthetic impacts due to the construction adMties and changes of the nature
            of the city landscape {LS}.
          · Historical and cultural sites that may be impacted due to the construction
            activities (LS).


 7,2.2.     Environmental Impacts during Pmpardon and Conatruction Phases for
            the ·· nitation   .,..m   ~n$l. ~ ,xpa4!sJq    II .tMQt!Slng      wastewater
            treatment plant           ;           "".:~~:~
 These are impacts which have been identified through Ihe assessment process ~8 ~;
 those which will have a signtficantty negative infkJence on the rec:eI\4ng~. .",.
 physical and socio-economic environment and cultural recourses. These impacts are ,.
 listed below as from the highly significant negative impacts down to the moderate. The ~:
 highly ~lficant is !@~ as.~. ~· ·nm~nt iIJ _
 significant IS (LS).           +~.          .."          ~              , .M · .,.,
                                                                            --?y. '.,
                                                                                               ~,

 These impacts are:           . flii.Il.' .... ' .     ,
        · Land acquJsifion'    <i¥'& Mm. 'p;.o*          --neer the existing wastewater
          treatment plant which need to be compensated before the commission of the
          project (HS).                                                                   ....                   .'
        · Expected interference of the operation of the existing WWTP due to the ~~
          expansion components and the poaeibiIly of geoenmng emuents not matching I')
          the Yefn!.Wli standaro·. This wastewater may be used by the farmers at the .,.::~
          downstream areas as a continuous practice ottheJr agr1cullural activities (HS). ~'~'
       · Misuse of the untreated wastewater for the un-restricted irrigation dOwnstream                          _~'"
         the plant and the possibfe health impacts on the farmers and product                                    '"
         consumers (HS).

: Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                              76
,Awust. 2009                    ''
                                                                                     ..
                                                                                  .: ,    ,   ~,"'" ,.'
                                                                                                    .'
                                                                                                          ...~   .,
                                                                                                                 ,
                                       1'



                     /'/

          · Changes in the existing wastewater collection system in lenns of service cuts
                            IItv           ~ alternative


          · Traffic Interference which il considered as the main negative impact on the
            city due to the narrow streets and the lack of service roads (HS);
          · Possible intetference with the existing facilities such as electricity and
            communications (MS);
          · Noise levels will be scaled up due to the use of heavy machines specially the
            jack hammers for the rocky areas elCC8V8tions (MS);
          · Diminished air quality - exhaust fumes will scaled up due to the exJstence of
            the trucks, heavy machines and the increase traffic at the construction areas
            (MS)' ;. -! : . ";..~
                  ,   "'~_"1.~~                             :
                                                              "  ... -       ,- /t: .,...,"'<~
                                                                 "~:t, ,.~....rr..t-''''-It· ,
                                                                       I   ..



          · Impacts of the 'WNTP on the vatue of lands around the plant (MS).
          · Problem of construction wastes and the Improper management of the
            contractors to collect and transport the debris outside the dty tDwards the
            dumping sites (MS).
          · Construction camp sites and its impacts on the surrounding communities (LS);
          · Borrow pit areas and the chances of leaving these pits without recoverfng
            (LS);
          · Social imp.catIons - mainly the health aspects due to the possible accidents
            and Injuries of the local community and the labours at the project site (LS).
            Aesthetic impacts due to the construction actMtIes and changes of the nature
            of the city landscape (LS).
          · Historical and cultural sites that may be impacted due to the construction
            actlvftles ( L S ) , - · ,.

 7.2.3.      Description of the anticipated negative Impacts during the preparation
             and construction phase
 Both the anticipated impacts of the water and sanlation can be elaborated 88 foIIov4.
 The color index wilt be used for the titfeS to reflect the highly sign~ by red color.
 moderate by green and loW significant by blue:                       .. . ,

  » Social Disruption and Land Acquisition
  This aspect is significant and forms a concern for the areas close to the existing
  WWTP, That could happen in other project areas mainly where the streets are narrow
  and there are no room for the conatrudion of the netwofk and the areas which lacks
  proper land organization and ownerships. Land Acquisition poses additional problems
  for the project through significantly increased cost and the potenUaJ tor the
.misapproprtatiOn of funds. People should be in a better posHton than previously, and Jl
! least not worse. H Is possible to mitigate the potential impact on deviaticn around the
~features.
 The general policy in Yemen is to compensate for the lost property such as the land by
 another land not far from .the original one, · .
                        ,:t '              _

 »     Change In whnttatlon and Wii&Wilifti8atmiiit iildng services
~ It
   Is anticipated thet the existing water supply services and the wastewater collection in
'addition to the treatment facilities will be interrupted due to the construction of the new
 projects. This will result with water cuts for certain districts during the construction
                                                        It" ..   f' ·
                                                                 , .  ,     ":!'~   ,'I,·.




4Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City
 Auoust. 2009
 periods. The same is applied for the services of wastewater colection where the
 benefidaly groups will face problems in discharging their wastewater.
 The same problem will face the existing wastewater treatment plant which win be
 intenupted by the expansion project whfch wID temporarily stop the process of
 treatment and will generate effluents with poor quality and cannot be reused for
 irrigation purposes, All such c~ need to be studied during the preparation of
 the project in order to d8'!8lop the required mitigation measures.

 )0     Traffic InfBrrerBritea
 " is expected that there will be traffic Interferences mainly at the minor roads due to the
 activities of excavation and laying the pipelines in the trenches. It Is known that Dhamar
 city has narrow roads networks which make It more vulnerable for the possible
 interferences during the construction periodI. That will impact negatively on thft traffic
 flow and the necessary time for the l'elidents to reach their destinations. This will only
 valid duling the construc:tion of the project and not during the operational stage.
 Construction mey result in short-term impacts to local area residents. and uses of
 route. It is expected that traffic circutatton wi. be negatively Impacted In the cfty during
 the construction phase particutarly In the aANIs where new sewer systems will be laid,
 such as In the southern BANI of the city (Figure 5.1), Traffic problems wi. occur when
 traffic must be moved through or around construction areas. This may lead to trafl'ic
 accidents and injuries, especially in the nslTOW streets of the city. The proposed
 construction activities will also ntsuH In tempol1llry congestion and longer travef times
 through the project area.       ~~~     >(";   ·    . : .';~~;.-~"

                                 :4 , . .·iK'tiit.ia~ ~ i                         '.. ',I J ,
 Figure 7.1 Example on areas that are mcpected to witness traffic congestions In Ohamar
            durlog the construc1:lon phase




 }lo     Misuse of the unlnNded wa8lewatar during construction
  It Is witnessed at present that the farmers are not eontroHed by the responsible
  ageodes for the reuse of treated wastewater for the restricted irrigation. This problem
 'wiN be scaled up during the expansion of the WVVTP and the untreated quantities of
~emuents towarcls the farming activities. This will cause more health probfems and
lpossible contamination on the products Ihat win be cultivated such as the vegetables.
  AI. the reuse activities should be STOPED durfngr!!l~~n§ipn of thS'trutment PIII:d.
                                                              -:-
Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City
Auaust. 2009               '-''',''                 '.;   .                              76
to avoid any mliUie Oftfie emuents for the Irrigation purposes. Controlling the fanning
activities downstream the plant is a must and should be taken at the higher level of the
local govemment.

> Noise Impact
Noise will typically be an impact associated with the project as long as It is in
construction. H Is not envisaged that the dally operational activities will Increase to
such an extent that the noise levels wi. present a problem. Noise In significantly
sensitive social areas can be mitigated by benns and barriers where and If requifed.
The operation noise could bring about Increased noise levels, which could disturb local
residences, hospitals, schools or wildlife. Given anticipated operational level, this
Impact Is conSidered to be relatively low, excem where sites Impact on hospitals.
schools or identified sensitive habltata.
The Contractor shall adopt the best practicable means of minimizing noise during
construction. For any particular job, the quietest available plant/and or machinery shall
be used. Equipment such as jack hammers, compressors, percussion tools and
vehicles shall be fitted with attenuation facilities. Pneumatic drills and other noisy
equipment shaH not be used during days of rest or after normal working hours without
the consent of the Beneftciary Committee.

}10    Ambient Air Quality
Construction of water and wastewater facilities could release various types of gaset
which could bother the community IMng in the adjacent areas. Therefore, some people
will leave these areas to stay far away from the created gases.
The Contractor shall take all necearary measures to    "mit pollution from dust and any
wind blown materials during the works and such measures are:
Utilize water spraying during openllion on sections within 500 m of settlements or
crops.
Trucks leaving the site are properly cove"", to prevent discharge of dust, rocks, sand,
etc.
Crushers and other equipment conform to relevant dust emission control.
Stored materials and heaps should preferably be located away from communities and
farmlandS; or materials should be covered and fugitive dust should be effectively
controlled during delivery.

> NuIsance Dust
The major effects on air quality during construction would be an increase in suspended
particles from excavation as well as movement of heavy machinery and trucks over
unpaved roads and the resultant dust caused when all traffic Is diverted to I.I1paved
detours. Many of these operations will take place near the populated settlements.
During construction, fugitive dust emisSions would occur from construction vehIcles and
equipment creating dust. Wind erosion may occur during the construction phase In
areas where the soil Is disturbed along the road widening. The dust depoallon dlstanqe
Is estimated to be from 30-100 m of the activity with a wind velocity of 15 kmph (4m11l).
The average wind speed in Dhamar Is less than 4 mis, which implies that in most of t~e
cases the dust impact, wlH not be extended beyond the construction area (maximum 30
m from the excavated trench).
The deta~ed project design should ensure, that the cut and fill operations wlH be
minimal to extent possible. However, these operations will include earthwork which will
cause disturbance to the eXisting soil in case of cut operations and hauUng of borrow
materials from borrow pits and crusher plants.



Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                      79
AIQ~.2Q09
)0    Debrta and Sludge Dispoeal
During the construction activities there will be debris, construction waste and sludge
production and other wastes from the labors and the works itself. This requires facilities
for disposal otherwise may pose health risk to the community and pollution of
environment. The destination of trarttpOrtlng the wastes should be agreed upon with
the local govemment and the municipality of the City.

)0    Possible Interference with the existing facilitie~ such .. electricity and

Due  t~:!':~:-r!uO:                                   cert!4~~nUp~ns
                          activities it Is expected that                will happen in
terms of interruption of the current eervices to the communities such as the electricity
and communications. The districts which wiD be under construction will face posaible
Changes in the daily services due to the excavation, 1I10ng, crossing roads activities.
These impacts are vaid only during the construction period.

)0    Pollution from wastewater.
      compounds and machinery
                                         d.....spills from the contractor sites

The source of these pollutants Is uncontrofled as a result of disposing liquid or solid
construction waste. Examples of theBe wastes are uncontrolled disposal of construction
wastewater, spillage of diesel. oil and grease. Excessive pollutants discharge hal
adverse impacts on surface water and SOils. Therefore, tbe contactor has to consider
certain measures to minimize such pollutants from reaching the water body and soil
Locating a high-risk zone with a concrete pavement will help In reducing the 1rJ1)8Ct of
diesel, oil and grease spills.

)0    Cross drainage and scour eft'ecta close to the existing WWTP
The constructions fill should be adequately compaded, and in faling to do so large
number of scour points can be cntated around the sites facility especially the WNTP,
which will eventually erode the various sites. The area around the plant Is a domain for
possible floods during rainy seasons which require flood protection measures durinr
the construdlon period.

)-    Safety Risk
During the construction phase, there may be an increased risk of accidents involvln"
local population, especially children. These may result from one or combination of the
following:
      · unauthorized access to a construction site
      ·   conftlct with construction equipment and vehicle
      · poor site safety
      · Inadequate management oftbe Site

By their nature construction activities generate elevafiQ liMis-Qf iiCCkfif6 risks.
However, three factors suggest that the Impads from the proposed projects activities



in some cases are ciearty dangerous and equaly Importantly importari         that
                                                                                off site
aaMUes, such as construction traffic, are poorly controlled.
Extensive linear construction sites along urban streets, especially when the roads are
narrow (which is the case in Dhamar) will expose large part of population, especially
children who use streets as a play area to risk.

Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                       80
AUQust. 2009
Therefore. there will be an unavoidable increase In truck tratTic during construction of
the roads infrastructures. There is thus a potential safety Issue associated wi.th
increase In traffic In the vicinity of residential areas and schools. There are also riskS
aSSOCiated with infrastructure construction like Injunes, failing etc. among the
population and workers.

)- orr Site Work.
As a result of the project construction activities, five types of offsite activities an
expected to be developed off site to support the project:

    1. Project omces and camps
       Project otftces may be located anywhere wtthin Dhamar, i~1 tiny UI Ole elelStlflY
       blildlngs. Labor camps win be established so as to accommodate the labor
       force. This camp will produce a wastewater, solid waste that should be
       collected and managed property.

    2. Materials stockpUes
       The construction activities wit require malerfafs such as pipes, valves and
       backflJl materials. The88 materials should be stockpiled In a special sHe
       aSSigned by the client. Although, there should not be any hazardous materials,
       there will be some impacts like dust and noise from the stock pile site.

    3. Pre-Cast. Yard
       Manholes of different sizes wil be p/'8catt on I ~I precast yard. A yard will
       therefore be required to store cement. chemicals (Oil) for mould, which is
       expected to generate 01 spills. At the yard, materials will be stockpiled, sud1 al
       cement, gravel and sand, which are expected to produce a dust. The site will
       require access to adequate water supply and suitable road access

    4. Equipment maintenance and cleaning workshop
       The contractor will establish a workshop for 1he equipment maintenance and
       cleaning. Such a WOfUhop win produce a threat to the environment. as a result
       of chemicals that will be produced at the workshop. on and chemical spHIs ~y
       lead to contamination of soil and groundwater.

    5. Borrow materials and aggregates
       Aggregate and backfill materials will be needed for the construction activities.

During construction. worXers are expected to come from the project areas and other
places. In this case there I. a posaIbIIty of additional health risk related to mlgrwtt
worX8I'S. project activtties may afso lead to creation of stagnant water in borrow Pits
and quanies associated with the consbudion aclMties like hmnels and drainaqe
systems. The resultant stagnant water bodies will favor breeding of mosquitoes, &rIalls,
and other disease 'II'8Clors.

During construction, a lot of solid wastes will be produced at the campsites as well as
at the construction sites. The type of waate to be produced indudes scrapers, domestic
waste, boxes, building materials etc.



Draft EtA Report of Ohamar City                                                       81
AUQust, 2009
 The construction wor1(ers will require proper IUJl"\Il'cffs for sanitation. The wastes to be
 produced necessitate providing gOOd and hygienic sanitation fadlities otherwise the
 waste produced. if not handled carefully would affect the aesthetic conditions of the
 area. Depending on the mode of management, construction camps may experience
 poor sanitation and poor waste disposal problem~;'·
                                           <          ,,~   ·   '



 }r      Aesthetic Impact                     .· ! ... .w.i. ...... ~
   The construction of related infrastructure might be perceived as a degradation of the
 'landscape. Other construction activities may also lead to landscape dlsfiguralion.
, Upcoming construction structures excavations, presence of soil mounds, machinery
   and ether materials on the construction site will be visually intrusive.
 J The presence of borrow pits, quarries and other structures in the project area are
   vtsually Intrusive. The slgnlftcance of the visual Intrusion wll, however, depend on
 . several characteristics including the size, shape and color of the installations and their
   location on the site.         ]
                               :a
 )0    HiStorical and Cullurallmpacts
 There are several sites of cultural 81d heritage value In [)hamar govemorate. However,
 in [)hamar city there are two main sites of hiStorical value. The grand mosque and the
 Shamsi School in AJJarajeesh Area. The two aites may be affected during the
 excavation and construction works by the heavy equipment. Therefore, the contractor
 'should avoid using eqUipment that will generate vibration which will threaten the
  stability of such sites.
  Since Dhemer witnessed several civlizations durtng the history. during the construction
  actlvHies and opening the trenches, hllloncal and cuftural sites and monument. may
  be discovered underground. Construction activity can destroy those monuments if no
  measure Is undertaken by the contractor to protect those sites by inviting the hlatorical
  and monumental specialists to propose a management plen. For the e)dsting sites
  there should be avoidance measures to cause any vibrations or dust increase in oro.r
  not to cause any n8Qativ,e_i~acts. r .·
                      '.                a' .
 ).    Flora and Fauna                 ··
 During the site survey conducted by the project team, and based on the scoping
 session outoomes, there are no sensitive areas identified within the project area In
 Dhamar. However, since the Yemeni Environment Protection Law prohibits any actiVlY
 which affects the qumltity and quality of the vegetation cover, the designer should to try
 to avoid any area that ;s covered with vegetatJon to be included within the construc:tIQn
 process of any pipeline. In case of the e)datence of any vegetative cover that cannot be .
 avoided, within the worldng area. thil atea should be orrset by a new area that wilt be
 planted with the same If not better vegetation types available In the disturbed ares.

 There are no national parks and wild life reserves along the project rout·. The wildlife
 population and nattve habitat have been significanUy impacted by subsistence u~n
,practices and this has resufted In low wildlife diversity in Dhamar City, especially alol1g
·the project roads. Therefore, impact on wildlife will be negligible as there is in any ca.-
'very limited wildlife within the impact zones. There are no protected wildlife
 c~m~fVation ant~' i~~withln the project.lt!!' ..
  "                 4 '         "iWOUQI
                                    ,     .       ,...- _.
                                                  .
      7.3.     Environmental Impacts durtng Operation

'-~   Negative impact can be considered as those Induced by the activity, either directly or
      indiredly. that caused negafjve impacts to the local communities and receiving
      environment during the operational phase. Utually such impacts are very minimized
      and scaled due to the type of service project like water supply and sanitation services.
      In the following sedlon there wi. be etaboration on the anticipated impads due to the
      water and sanitation projects.

      7.3.1.   Negative impacts during operation phase due to the water development
               and supply project
      The expected negative impacts due to the water project during the operation phase are
      very limited and all considered as low significant Impacts:
             · More pressure on the strategic groundwater reserve due to the additional
                water development quantities.
             · More Immigration from the peri urban areas towards the city due to the high
                level of services.
             · More burden on the responsibilities of the local ~re!l';ati.on... of water ~~
                sanitation in terms of operation and maintenance. :-. -":':',,' '~~W! .;~o,.
             · More financial burdens on the new subscribers for the water service.

      7.3.2.   Negative Impacts during operation phase due to the sanitation and
               wastewater treatment projects
      The expected negative impacts due to the sanitation and wastewater treatment
      facilities are considered high, medium to low significant and can be listed as follows
      The high is marked (HS), the medium significant is marked as (MS) and the low aft
      (lS).
              · Misuse of the treated wastewater for restricted irrigation and the increase elf
                 the sludge quantttfes (HS);
              · Generation of odors, birds and flies due to the expansion of the WWTP (MS):
              · Lowering the property value in the areas around the WNTP (lS);
              · More immigration from the peJ'i...urban al'88s towards the city due to the high
                 level of services (lS)
              · More burden on the responsibilities of the local corporation of water and
                 sanitation In terms of operation and maintenance (lS).
              · Aesthetic impacts due to the expansion of the WWTP and its negative impact
                 on the residents (lS).
              · More financial burdens on the new subscribers for the sanHation services.


      7.3.3.   Description of the anticipated negative Impacta during the operation and
               maintenance phase
      Both the anticipated impacts of the water and sanitation during the operation phase can
      be elaborated as follows. The color index will be used for the titles to reftect the highly
      significance by red color, moderate by green and low significant by blue:


      Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                        83
      AUQust. 2009
)0-   Misuse of the treated wastewater and Increase of sludge quantities durtng
      operation
It is witnessed at present that the fanners are not controHed by the responsible
agencies for the reuse of treated wastewater for the restricted irrigation. This problem
wm be scaled up during the expansion of the WWT? and the untreated quantities of
effluents towards the farming activities. This will cause more health problems and
possfble contamination on the products that will be cultivated such as the vegetables.

It is. the responsibility of the Client in cooperation with the Ministry of Agriculture and
the local government to control the reuse of the treated wasteWater for the restricted
irrigatiOn and take the necessary measures to implement the regulations.

The other side of the problem is the expected remalUbie increase in the quantities of
sludge that will be genenrted from the plant after expansion. Wrth the absence of
sludge disposal and treatment plan, this Wl1' be a big chaUenge for the operator and
may cause negative impacts on the environment and the residents dose to the plant.

,      GeneratiOn of odor and flies from the WWTP
It is expected that the new and expanded WNTP will generate more odors and flies
during the operation. This will be worse in case of improper operation and maintenance
of the plant. Since the dominant wind direction is eastern and as the WWTP is located
in the north east side of the city of Ohemar (see Figure below), some parts of the
northern side of the city will be suffering from WNTP odor. Necessary measures
should be taken to minimize this impact on the surrounding residents and downstream
farmers and the labors at the plant.

Figure 7.2 Location Of the existing and proposed wastewater treatment plant With respect to
           Dhamar City




» Aesthetic Impact
The construction of related infrastructure might be perceived as a degradatiOn of the
landscape. Other construction activities may also lead to landscape disfiguration.


Oraft EJA Report of Dhamar City                                                        84
Auoust. 2009
Upcoming construction structures excavations, presence of soil mounds, machinery
and other materials on the construction site wilt be visually intrusive.
The presence of borrow pits, quarries and other stfl.lCtt.lreS In the project BAta aAt
visually intrusive. The significance of the visual Intrusion will, however, depend on
several characteristics including the size, shape and color of the installations and their
location on the site,

)0     Lowering the value of the areas around the WWTP
It is expected that due to the expansion of the WVVTP at the same location of the
existing plant, there will be more drop on the values of the lands and properties of the
residents close to the plant. This will cause negative social impacts on the residents.

)it    More Immigration from the peri-urban areas towards the city due to the
       high level of services
Due to the improvement of the facilities in the water and sanitation sectors at the city. it
is expected that there will be more Immigration from the peri-urban areas towards the
city. This will cause more pressure on delivering the services of water, sanitation and
other basic nesds such as eIectridty and communication. Unless the peri-utban areas
were considered In the future with development projects, there will be no doubt of
continuous immigration from the peri urban and rural areas towards the urbanized
areas.

joo     More burden on tha responsibilities of tha local corporation of water and
        sanitation In terms of operation and maintenance
With the additional facilities at the city in terms of water and sanitation and treatment
facilities, there wIN be more pressure on the local corporation to operate and maintain
the facilities in the proper way. This will require additional human resources and
equipments to conduct the necessary responsibHitles.


,     More burden on the new subscribers in terms of service bUIs
The new subsaibers for the watar and sanitation wilt be facing incremental payments
due to the new selVices of water and sanitation. The scaJe of this problem wilJ depend
on the ability to pay and the willingness to pay. The citizens will recognize that the
generated benefits of using the new serviceS will suffice any coats that Will pay during
the operatiOn of the services.


7.4.     Anticipated Positive Impacts for the water and sanitation projects during
         the construction and operation phase

The construction of the water and sanitation projects will generate numerous
environmental and socio-economlc benefits which are expected to occur following the
construction and implementation of the project. The generated benefits during the
operation phase are more than the benefits during the construction phase.




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                         85
Auaust. 2009
7.4.1.      Benefits due to the construction of the water development and supply
            projects
Such benefits are:
         · Creation of more jobs for the local communities during the construction and
           operation phase.
         · Social welfare and economic improvement
         · Upgrading and rehabilitation of current water and wastewater infrastructure
         · Improve standard of living of the residents due to the new services.
         · Improve health of the residents due to providing potable and reduce water-
           borne diseases;
         · Creation more business for the shops, restaurants and hotels owners during
           the construction phase.

7.4.2.      Anticipated Positive Environmental Impacts of the sanitation and
            wastewater treatment projects during construction and operation phase
Positive impact can be considered as those induced by the activity, either directly or
indirectly, that provides benefits to the local communities and receiving environment
during the constructIon and operation phase. These can be Identified as the following:

         · Employment creation through involving local labour forces in the activities
           during the construction and operation periods;
         · Providing more quantities Of treated wastewater for more restricted irrigation
           activities.
         · Reuse possibilities of treated wastewater and improving the vegetation
           coverage due to the incremental quantities of treated wastewater.
         · Social welfare and economic improvement
         · Upgrading and rehabHitatlon of current sanitation and wastewater treatment
           infrastructure;
         · Improve standard of living Of the residents due to the new services.
         · Improve health of the residents due to providing proper sanitation facilities and
           phasing out the septic tanks;
         · Creation more business for the shops, restaurants and hotels owners dur1ng
           the construction phase.

These impacts are discussed In more details in the fOllOwing paragraphs:

7.4.3.     Description of the anticipated positive Impacts of the water and
           sanhatlon projects
In the following paragraphs there wlh be more elaboration on the anticipated benefits of
constructing the water and sanitation projecls in the city.

,     SociaJ WeW... and Economlca' Jmprovement
There is a tremendous positive impact in terms of socio-economic development since
the project is aiming at improving the current infrastructure to low and medium-income
areas where access this facility Is not avaBabie. As the implementation of the project
will contribute to the employment of the local community, there will be lignificant

Draft EtA Report of Dhamar City                                                         86
Auoust.2OO9
improvement in the welfare of the households as most of the casual workers shall
come from the area.
Another positive impact is enhancing the water supply Infrastructure in the project area
and provides good quality water which will impaa positively through the improvement
of pubNc health conditions and In terms of minimizing the probabilities of Ulness
accidents due to water borne diseases. That wi" save a lot of lives and reduce the
number of patients and so the number of deaths in the project's region.

,.      Upgrading and Rehabilitation of Cunent Infrastructure
The project wilt upgrade the existing Infrastructure to an acceptalHe standard level
through constructing a water supply network. water storage facUlties. sanitation
facilities and wastewater treatment plant. This will maintain a good water quality with
the necessary quantities for the residents along the day. It should be noted that the
new water supply regime should be accompanied by public awareness campaigns for
promoting the ways of rational uses of water.
From the other side the new sanitation and treatment facilities will improve the
standards of services at the City which will have remarkable positive impacts on the
residents.

).      Employment Creation
The implementation of the project will create more permanent jobs for operating the
facilities. It is expected that the Client wiD hire more technical staff to operate and
manage the extensiOn of the water supply system. Also the project will assist in the
dissemination and transfer of knowledge and modem technology from the Consultant
and Contractor side to the Client side.

)r     SociallmpUcations - Health
Due to the improper taped water supply for parts of the project districts, water borne
diseases were reported In high levels In the City such as Typhoid and Diarrhea mainly
for the infants (1-4) years old. The delivery of good water quality through dosed water
system will remarkably scale down the number of cases and patients due to the bed
water quality. That will improve the standard of life and suffice the worries of the
famnies regarding the possible itlness due to their current water resources. Also, this
witt improve the water quality after improving the wastewater facilities,
The introduction of the _nttatlon system will phase out the use of septic tanks which
are considered as a hot spots and sources of contamination of the residents. This will
have positive impacts on the residents from the health aspects and financial aspects
through saving the costs Of discharging their septic tanks.

).    Treated wastewater reuse availability and improving the Flora of the project
      area
It is expected that the additional treated wastewater to the farmers will enable them 10
reuse more quantities for their irrigation aCtivities which entail restricted farming and
producing more productS. That will positively impact the green areas and improve the
flora of the project areas.




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                      87
Auaust. 2009
    CHAPTER 8~            PROPOSED MlTIGATJON MEASURES

    Environmental management is concerned with the implementation of the proposed
    mitigation and preventive measures that are necessary 10 minimize or offset adverse
    Impacts and to enhance beneficial impacts. In order to be effective. environmental
    management plan must be fully integrated within the overall project management
    efforts at all levels, which itself should be aimed at providing a high level of quality
    contro' , leading to a project which has been property designed and constructed and
    functions effectively throughout its Me.
    The key players in the imp4ementation of the mitigation measures are the COntractor to
    be appointed to undertake the construction works, the Client and the Engineer. The
    Environmental Control Officer (ECO) Will ensure and monitor the implementation of the
    Environmental Management Plan (EMP).
    The mitigation measures of this study will be presented in the form of impact matrix that
    shows the type of the anticipated negative impact, the level of significance and the
    duration and the proposed mitigation measures.


    8.1.         Impact Matrix

    The following evaluation matrices are used to show the possible impacts of the
    proposed project components on the environment and the proposed mitigation
    measures. The chapter will be divided into two main parts; the first is related to the
    water development and supply project and the second for the santlation and treatment
    projects. Under eath of these projects. the mitigations will be divided based on the
    phase of the project; either construction or operatIOn. These proposed mitigations are
    the core of the environmental management plan which is considered as a binding
    document for the Client and the contractor and part of the tender documents that need
    to be implemented during the construction and operation of the project.


    8.2.         Mitigations MeasulllS for the water development and supply projects

    8.2.1.       Mitigation during Construction Phase
    For retrieving the negative impacts which can be expected to arise as a result of
    construction phase activities associated with water supply infrastructure projects as
    mentioned in chapter seven, these can be presented below.
             ·   Changes in the water regime and po88lble water cuts   at certain dis1ricls of the
                 city (HS);
             ·   Traffic interference which is considered as the main negative impact on the
                 city due to the narrow streets and the lack of service roads (HS);
             ·   Noise levels will be scaled up due to the use of heavy machines specially the
                 jack hammers for the rocky areas excavations (MS);
             ·   Possible interference with the existing facUlties suth as electricity and
                 communications (MS);
             ·   Diminished air quality - exhaust fumes will scaled up due to the eXistence of
                 the trucks, heavy machines and the increase trafflc at the construction areas
                 (MS);
           ·     Social implications - mainly the health aspects due to the possible accidents
                 and injuries of the local community and the labours at the project site (MS);

    Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                           88
    AUQust. 2009




·
      ·     Problem of construction wastes and the improper management of the
            contractors to collect and transport the debris outside the city towards the
            dumping sites (MS).
      · Construction camp sites and its impacts on the surrounding communities (LS):
      · Borrow pit areas and the chances of leaving these pits without recovering
            (LS);
      · Aesthetic impacts due to the construction activities and changes of the nature
        of the city landscape (LS).
      ·  Historical and cultural sites that may be impacted due to the construction
         activities (LS).
Mitigation measures are presented in the assessment tables in the coming pages.

Table 8.1      Mitigation Measures - Changes in water regime




It Is anticipated that the existing water supply services and the wastewater collection in
addition to the treatment facilities wiD be interrupted due to the construction of the new
projects. This will result with water cuts for certain districts during the construction
periods. All such challenges need to be studied during the preparation of the project in
order to develop the required mitigation measures.




                                                                           Short term

                                                                           Highly
                                                                           probable




Steps to avoid water pipeline damage should be take. This includes providing the
contractor with water main as built drawing. and Implementing inspection pits before the
commencement of excavation works. local corporation should start a plan of delivery
for the citizens during the water cut durations. The plan should minimize the duration of
water cut and provide water tankers and altematlves for the citizens. Water tankers
should be subsidized by the LC to minimize the over prices of the water tankers owners.
A public awareness campaigns should be started before starting the construction at
each of the districts to aware the citizens of the possible water cuts and the expected
periods of the cut




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                       89
AUQust. 2009
Table 8.2      Mitigation Measures - Traffic Interference




 It is expected that there will be trafllc intefferenees mainly at the minor roads due to the
 activities of excavation and laying the pipelines in the ditches. It is known that Dhamar
 city has narrow roads networks which make It more wlnerable for the possible
 interferences during the construction periods. That will impact negatively on the traffic
 flow and the necessary time for the reSidents to reach their destinies. This will only valid
 during the construction of the project and not during the operational stage.




                           The impact will be of short duration. limited to   Short
                           periods of construction
                           The probability Of the impact occuniOg is high     Highly
                                                                              probable
                           The intensity of the impact is high
                           The impact will have high significance


 A project construction phasing plan and appropriate traffic control plan would be
 developed as part of the final design to coordinate construction activities and minimize
 disruption of traffic flow. The Contractor should wort with the Client on proposing a
 traffic plan for the roads that will be Impacted and closed in order to find alternative
 roads and detours. ThIs should be done before starting the construction of the project
 and in coordination with the traffic department and the local government.

 A local campaigns should be started for the citizens to aware them about the changes in
 the traffic routes and the alternative travel opportunities. Proper sings and signals to
 direct and guide the drivers through detours should be in place, so as to minimize the
 travel time and traffic congestions.




Draft ErA Report of Dhamar City                                                       90
Auoust. 2009
Table 8.3         Mitigation Measures - NoiSe Generation




  Noise is generated by construction activities such as clearing and grubbing. excavating,
  layer works, .renchlng and cement batctring. Construction vehicles generate nolse and
 quarrying for construction materials could also generate noise.




                             The impact wiD be of Short duration, limited to Short term
                             periods construction phase.
                             The impact has a high probability of occurring   Highly
                                                                              probable
                             The Intensity of the Impact is medium            medium



 Construction workers to adhere to health and safety standards as prescribed in the
 EMP.

 Wor1dng hours should be restricted to reduce Impacts on the neighboring residences           at
 night
 The construction equipment and plants should be very well maintained and lubricated,
 so as to minimfze 1he operatfonal noise.
 Use mobi'e site noise barriers




Draft EtA Report of Dhamar City                                                          91
Al..lClust 2009
Table 8.4    Mitigation Measures - Disturbance of current infrastructure




 It is expected that the construction actMties win disturb the current Infrastructure wtthin
 the project 81'&8 such as the water supply, sanitation, electricity poleS and
 communications. Due to this, It is antidpated that the current services will be disturbed
 and the surrounding communities will be negatively affected due to the cut in the water
 and electricity seNiCes.




                         The impact will be of short duration, limited to    Short
                         periods of conSlruction
                         The probability of the impact occurring is high     Highly
                                                                             probable
                         The intensity of the impact is medium




 The contractor should implement inspedion pits to identify the rout of the exsisting
 infrastructure lines before the excavation. The Contractor should minimize the duration
 of interrupting the current serviCes to the neighboring communities in tenns of water and
 electricity cuts. It should be planned that minimum Intefference with the current
 infrastructure should be done during construction. In case of shifting any of the current
 infrastructures, an emergency plan should be adopted to continue the services to the
 citizens and minimize the durations of service cuts.
 Coordination committee should be formed from members of aU concerned infrastructure
 authorities in Dhamar. so as to ensure smooth work wtth minimal impact on the level
 odfthe services during the project construcUon stage.




Oraft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                      92
Auoust. 2009
    Table 8.5   Mitigation Measures - Dust generation and Air quality




-   Construction activities such 88 efeal1ng and grubbing, topsoil removal, trenching and
    storage as 'Netl as the movement Of construction vehicles generate dust. The dust will
    influence the air quality In the imme<tlate vicinity of the construction activity.




                                                                                 Short

                                                                                 Probable
                                                                                 Medium



    To eliminate the effect of the dust during the earth works, it is recommended that the
    contractor should continuously spray the areas of cutting and the fill material with water.
    All vehiefes hauling dirt. sand, soil. or other loose materials should be covered or should
    maintain at least two feet of freeboard.
    Re-establish ground cover in disturbed areas quickly.
    Sweep streets at the end of the day if visible soil material is carried onto adjacent public
    paved roads

    Dust suppression to be conducted through continuous watering using the water tanks

    Construction activities to occur only along alignment or within construction camp

    Natural vegetation to be left so as to curb the erosion protection.

    Construction workers to follow preSCribed precautions when working in dusty conditions.
    Using masks is necessary during the working hours.




    Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                         93
    Auoust. 2009
Table 8.6    Mitigation Measures - Social implications




                        The impact will be restricted to the construction
                        site.
                        The impact duration is short, and will stop once Short
                        the construction period has been completed
                        The impact has a medium probability of ocaJrring    medium
                        The intensity of the Jmpact is Jow




The contractor should provide all the safety measures and site plan management during
the construction period.
Proper road and construction signs with wamlng tapes should be provided at the
construction areas. This should be done In full coordination with the Client
represen1ative and Engineer.
Proper and safe access bridges should be provided over the trenches in front of the
households and shopping centers to enable a safe aCC8$S of the pedestrians.

A health plan should be prepared, this plan shaH include detailS of the following:

details of all potential risks and the proposals for dealing with such hazards;
controls to regulate risks that occur during all construction, testing and COmmissioning
actMties;
measures to avoid health risk in connection with the use, handling. storage and
transportation of hazardous and harmful substances; and
Safety equipment and training proposals in respect of equipment refemtd to above.




Draft EtA Report of DOOmar City                                                      94
Auaust. 2009
 Table 8.7   Mitigation Measures - Construction wastes and the improper management




The source of these pollutants is uncontrolled as a result of disposing liquid or solid
construction waste. Examples of these wastes are uncontrolled disposal of construction
wastewater. spillage of diesel, 011 and grease. Excessive pollutants discharge has
adverse impacts on surfaee water and soils. Therefore. the contactor has to consider
certain measures to minimize such poltutants from reaching the water body and SOil.
Locating a higfl..rlsk zone with a concrete pavement Will help In reducing the impact of
diesel, 011 and grease spills.



                      The impact Will be restricted to the construction
                      site.
                      The impact duration is short, and wff( stop once Short
                      the oonstruction period has been completed
                      The Impact has a medium probability of OCCUrring     medium
                      The intensity of the impact is low                   Low
                      The impact Will have low significance


The contractor should provide aU the safety measures and site plan management during
the construction period.
Proper waste collection and disposal plans should be prepared to minimize any risk of
contaminating the soil and the environment.
Timely clean-up, and transport in covered vehicles or in closed container
This should be done tn full coordination with the Client representative and Engineer.




Draft ErA Report of Dhamar City                                                         95
Auaust.2009
Table 8.8   Mitigation Measures - Construction Camp and Site Offices




 The construction camp and site offices could have an impact on the environment if the
 placement or design is poorty situated. Domestic waste as well as construction waste
 generated at the construction camp could also Impact on the flora In the area as well as
 the human health of construction workers and the community if it is not removed to a
 landfill site.

 The manegement of construction camps throughout the project construction phase has
 to be managed effectively. Construction tamps will haw a Significant Impact on
 surrounding communities for the duration of the construction activity.



                        The impact win be restricted to the construction
                         site.
                        The Impact duration Is short, and wm stop once Short
                        the construction period has been completed
                        The impact has a high probability of occuning      High
                        The Intensity of the impact is low                 low
                        The Impact will have low significance


 The placement of the constructiOn camps must be negotiated with the local communities
 and community leaders

 The construction camps must be placed on a disturbed piece of land with a minimum
 distance of 500 meters from the nearest residential area.

 Indigenous vegetation must not be disturbed by the contractor workers

 The contractor must supply the workers with       gas cooking appliances. to ensure that
 wood Is not harvested from the surrounding vegetation




Draft EIA Report of Dhama( City                                                    96
Auoust 2009
Table 8.9   Mitigation Measures - Aesthetic impacts




 The construction of related infrastructure might be perceived as a degradation of the
 landscape. other construction activities may also lead to landscape disfiguration.
 Upcoming construction structures excavations, presence of soH mounds, machinery and
 other materials on the construction site will be visuaHy intrusive.
 The presence of borrow pita, quarries and other structures in the project area are
 visually intrusive. The signfficance of the visual Intrusion will, however, depend on
 several characteristics including the size, shape and color of the installations and their
 location on the site.




 The placement of the construction camps must be negotiated with the local communHies
 and community leaders to reach to an agreement on its location

 The contractor should provide barriers and proper temporary walls to minimize the
 Impacts of aesthetic on the reSIdents.
 The contractor should re-instalt al the areas that were under construction and return it
 as it used to be before construction, especially the vegetative cover.




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                      97
Auaust. 2009
Table 8.10 Mitigation Measures - Historical and Cultural Impacts




 During the construction and opening the trenches, histOrical and cultural sites and
 monuments unknown can be found underground. Construction activity can destroy
 those monuments if no measure Is undertaken by the contractor to protect those sites
 by inviting the historical and monumental speciaUsts to propose a management plan.
 For the existing sites there should be avOidance measures to cause any vibrations or
 dust increase in order not to cause any negative impacts.



                         The impact witl be restricted to the construction
                         site.
                         The impact duration is short, and will stop once Short
                         the construction period has been completed
                        The impact has a high probability of OCCUnlng        High
                         The intensity of the impact is low                  Low



 The Contractor in coordination with tha cfient should work on minimizlng all the negative
 Impacts on the existing historical sites such as Dhamar old houses and Grand Mosques
 and the Shamsi School ..
 The contractor should avoid creating excess vibrations that may impact the existing
 historical structures.
 The contractor should prevent the dust genel8tion in the vicinity of the hi$fonca' sites.
 In case of discovering new historical structures. the contractor should report immediately
 to the Client to manage this with the Department of Antiquities.




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                      98
Auoust. 2009
8.2.2.     Water devalopment and supply project - Operation Phase
For retrieving the negative impacts which can be expected to arise as a result of
operation and maintenance phase actMttes associated with water supply infrastructure
projects as ment/oned In chapter seven, these can be presented below.

         · More pressure on the strategic groundwater reserve due to the additional
           water development quantities.
         · More Immigration from the perl-urban areas towards the city due to the high
           level of services.
         · More burden on the responsibilities of the local corporation of water and
           sanitation in terms of operation and maintenance.
         · More financial burdens on the new subscribers for the water service.

Description of the proposed mitigation measures are descrtbed in the following
matrices:

Table 8.11 Mitigation Measures - Pressure on the strategic groundWater reserve




                                                                                 Permanent
                                                                                 Low
                                                                                 low



 The Ministry of Water and Environment should start working on a national water master
 plan that will focus on water demand management in addition to supply management.

 Alternative non conventional water resources should be considered as part of the future
 sustainable development plans for the water sedor.
 The traditionaJ sources should be considered as strategic reserves for the future
 generations.




Draft EtA Report of Dhamar City                                                         99
Aooust. 2009
Table 8.12 Mitigation Measures - More immigration from the peri-urban areas




                         The impact wltl extend outside limit of project
                         area
                         The impact duration is pennanent                     Permanent
                         The impact has a low probability of OCCUrring        Low
                                                                              low



 The local government should start a regional planning program to etevate the standard
 of services at the peti-urban and rural areas to the level that the residents at these areas
 will not immigrate to the city of Chamar.




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                        100
AUQust. 2009
Table 8.13 Mitigation Measures - More burden on the responsibiNties of the local corporation
           of water and sallitation




                         The Impact will extend outside limit of project
                         area
                         The impact duration is permanent                      Permanent
                             impact has a low probability of occurring        Low
                             intensity of the impact is low                   low




 The Ministry of Water and Environment should work dosely with the LC in Dhamar for
 strengthening the capacities of the oorporation in terms of human resources and
 logistical supports in order to be able to manage the incremental burden due to the
 increase of services.




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                         101
Auoust. 2009
Table 8.14 Mitigation Measures - More financial burdens on the new subscribers




 The new subscribers for the water and sanitatiOn will be facing incremental payments
 due to the new services of water and sanitation. The scale of this problem win depend
 on the ability to pay and the willingness to pay. The citizens will recognize that the
 generated benefits of using the new services will suffice any costs that win pay during
 the operation of the services.




 The loca' corporation should start social campaigns before the startng of the project
 operation among the new subscribers to inform them about the financial imptications
 that they have to take due to the new water seNltes and Show them the expected
 positive impacts due 10 this service.
 Water tariff structure should take into consideration the low income to obtain the minimal
 water for sanitation and hygiene.




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                      102
AUQust, 2009
8.3.      Mitigations Measures for the sanitation and wastewater treatment and
          reuse projects

8.3.1.    Mitigation during Construction Phase
For retrteving the negative Impacts which can be expected to arise as a result of
construction phase activities associated with sanitation and treatment infrastructure
projects as mentioned In chapter seven, these can be presented below.

       · Land acquisition of the private properties near the existing wastewater
         treatment plant which need to be compensated before the commission of the
         project (HS).
       · Expected interference of the operation of the existing WWTP due to the
         expansion components and the possibility of generating effluents not matching
         the Yemeni standards. This wastewater may be used by the farmers at the
         downstream areas as a continuous practice of their agricultural activities (HS).
       · Misuse of the untreated wastewater for the un-restricted irrigation downstream
         the plant and the possfble health Impacts on the farmers and product
         consumers (HS).
       · Changes in the existing wastewater coUect.ion system in terms of service cuts
         and the essentiality of proposing a1temative solutions to the citizens during
         that period (HS).
       · Traffic Interference which is considered as the main negative impact on the
         city due to the narrow streets and the lack of service roads (HS);
       · Possible interference with the existing facilities such as electricity and
         communications (MS):
       · Noise levels will be scaled up due to the use of heavy machines specialty the
         jack hammers for the rocky areas excavations (MS):
       · Diminished air quality - exhaust fumes will scaled up due to the existence of
         the trucks, heavy machines and the increase traffic at the construction areas
         (MS);
       · Impacts of the WNTP on the vatue of landa around the plant (MS).
       · Problem of construction wastes and the improper management of the
         contractors to coiled and transport the debris outside the City towards the
         dumping sites (MS).
       · Construction camp Sites and its impads on the surrounding communities (LS);
       · Borrow pit areas and the chances of leaving these pits without recovering
         (LS);
       · Social implications - mainly the health aspects due to the poSSible accidents
         and Injuries of the local community and the labours at the project site (LS).
       · Aesthetic impacts due to the construction activities and changes of the nature
         of the city landscape (LS).
       · Historical and cultural sites that may be impacted due to the construction
         activities (LS).

Mitigation measures are presented in the assessment tables below.



Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                      103
Auaust 2009
Table 8.15 Mitigation Measures - Land and property acquisitions




 Some of the private properties may be affected due to the construction of the new
 wastewater treatment plant or other facilities. In this case a possible resettlement of
 inhabitants could take place or acquisition of private lands. The Government has to take
 actions befo~ the resettlement take place. NegotiationS with the citizens regarding their
 private properties and possible compensations. Compensation can be in the form of
 monetary or altemative property. An over..fidlng aspect for the potential acceptance of
 the proposed project fs the potential benefit Which the project will bring in terms of socia.
 and economic upliftment to the communities affected. Care must be taken to ensure that
 any compensation and relocation benefits the community on the basis that they may be
 In a more favorable position after retocation. This is imperative to retain support for the
 project. and also in meeting the objeCtives of the assessment In minimizing social cost




                         The impact duration Is permanent
                         The Impact has a high probabllty of occurring
                         The intensity of the impact is high
                         The Impact Is of high Significance


 Reasonable and appropriate compensation and rnettlement program should be
 developed and implemented to reduce the impact on the affected people.

 Compensation for resettlement of households should eliminate conflicts and ensure that
 the community is not impacted negatively.




Draft EtA Report of Ohamar City                                                        104
Auaust. 2009
Table 8.16 Mitigation Measures - MIsUse 01 the untreated wastewater




 It is witnessed at present that the farmers are not con1rolled by the responsible agencies
 for the reuse Of treated wastewater for the restricted irrigation. This problem will be
 scaled up during the expansion of the WWTP and the untreated quantities of effluents
 towards the farming actMlles. This will cause more health problems and possible
 contamination on the products that wiJJ be cuJlivated such as the vegetables.



                         The Impact will extend to the limit of project area
                         The impact duration is parmanent
                         The Impact has a high probability Of occurring
                         The intensity Of the impact is high
                         The impact is of high significance


 All the reuse activities should be STOPPED during the expansion of the treatment plant
 to avoid any misuse of the effluents for the Irrigation purposes.
 Controlling the farming actMlles downstream the plant is a must and should be taken at
 the higher level of the local government.




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                     105
Auoust. 2009
     Table 8.17 Mitigation Measures - Changes in the wastewater collection system and treatment
                 facilities




      It is anticipated that the existing wastewater collection and treatment services      wi" be
      Interrupted due to the construction of the new projects. This wiD result with service
      interruption for certain districts during the construction periods. All such challenges need .
      to be studied during the preparation of the project In order to develop the required ·
      mitigation measures.



                              The Impact wiH extend outside the construction
                              site
                              The impact will be of short duration, Ii
                              periods construction phase
                              The impact has a high probability of occurring       Highly
                                                                                   probable
                              The intensity of the impact is High                  High
                              The impact will have high signHicance


~-
      Local corporation should start a ptan of providing the citizens with altematives for the
      wastewater collection systems such as sanitary tankers. The plan should minimize the
      duration of service cut and provide septic tankers and attematives for the citizens.
      Septic tankers should be subsidized by the LC to minimize the over prices of discharge.
      A public awareness campaigns should be started before starting the construction at
      each of the districts to aware the citiZens of the possible service cuts and the expected
      periods of the cut. The effluents from the WWTP should be treated as a hazardous
      waste and prohibit any reuse of this water until the completion of the expansion project.




     Draft ErA Report of Ohamar City                                                        106
     Auaust, 2009
Table 8.18 Mitigation Measures - Traffic interference




 It is expected that there will be traffic interferences mainly at the minor roads due to the
 activities of excavation and laying the pipelines in the ditches, It Is known that Dhamar
 cit has narrow roads networks which make it more wlnerable for the possible
 interferences dumg the construcIIon penods. That will impact negatively on the traffic
 flow and the necessary time for the residents to reach their de$tiniea, This will only valid
 during the construction of the project and not during the operational stage,




                        The impact will be of short duration, limited to
                        periOdS of construction
                        The probabiUty of the Impact occurring is high       Highly
                                                                             probable
                        The intensity of the impact is high                  High



 The Contractor should work with the Client on proposing a traffic plan for the roads that
 will be Impacted and closed in order to find alternative roads and detours. This should
 be done before starting the construction of the project and in coordination with the traffic
 department and the local govemment.

 A local campaigns Should be started for the citizens to aware them about the changes in
 the traffic routes and the alternativeS. In order to minimize the duration of interrupting
 the current traffic flows.




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                         107
AuaU$t. 2009
 Table 8.19 Mitigation Measures - Noise generation




  Noise is generated by construction activities such as dearing and grubbing, excavating,
  layer workS, trenching and cement batching. Construction vehicles generate noise and
  quanying for construction materials could also generate noise.




                         The impact will be restricted to the construction
                         site.
                         The impact will be of short duration. limited to Short term
                         periods construction phase.
                         The impact has a high probability Of occurring      Highfy
                                                                             probable
                         The Intensity of the impact is medium



 Construction workers to adhere to health and safety standards as prescribed in the
 EMP.

 WOrking hours should be restricted to reduce impacts on the neighboring residences at
 night.

 All machinery and plant to conform to Regional noise reduction standards.

 All plant to be well maintained.




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                     108
Auaust. 2009
Table 8.20 Mitigation Measures - Disturbance of current infrastructure




 It is expected that the construction activities will disturb the current infrastructure within
 the project area SUch as the water supply, sanitation, etectncity poles and
 communications. Due to this, it is anticipated that the current services will be disturbed
 and the surrounding communities will be negatively affected due to the cut In the water
 and electricity services.




                        The Impact will be of short duration. limited to
                         periods of construction
                        The probabHity of the impact OCCUrring is high         Highly
                                                                               probable
                         The Intensity of the impact is medium                 medium




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                           109
Auaust 2009
Table 8.21 Mitigation Measures - Dust generallon and Air quality




 Construction activities such as clealing and grubbing, topsoil removal, trenching and
 storage as well as tM movement of construction vehicles generate dust The dust will
 influence the air quality in the immediate vicinity of the construction activity.




                         The impact will be restricted to the construction
                         site.
                         The impact will be of short duration, limited to Short
                         periods construction phase.
                         The impact has a low probability of OCCUrring       Probable
                         The intensity of the Impact is medium



 Dust suppression to be conducted through continuous watering using the water tanks

 Construction activities to occur only along alignment or within construction camp

 Natural vegetation to be left so as to curb the erosion protection.

 Construction workers to follow prescribed precautions when working in dusty conditions.
 Using masks is necessary duting the working hours.




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                      110
Auoust.2oo9
Table 8.22 Mitigation Measures - Social Implications




                                                                    ,   "

                         The impact duration is short, and will stop once Short
                         the construction period has been completed
                         The impact has a medium probability of occurring
                         The Intensity of the impact Is low



 The contractor should provide aH the safety measures and site plan management during
 the construction period. Proper road and construction signs With warning tapes should
 be proYided at the construction areas. This should be done in full coordination with the
 Client representative and Engineer.
                                      ""~""'"~--'''''''''




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                    111
Auaust. 2009
Table 8,23 Mitigation Measures - Construction wastes and the improper management




 The source of these pollutants is uncontrofled as a result of disposing Ifqufd or solid
 constructiOn waste. Examples of these wastes are uncontrolled disposal of construdlon
 wastewater, spillage of diesel, oil and grease. excessive poHutants discharge has
 adverse impacts on surface water and soils. Therefore, the contador has to consider
 certain measures to minimize such pollutants from reaching the water body and soil.
 Locating 8 high-risk zone with a concrete pavement Will help in reducing the impact of
 diesel. oil and grease spills.




                         The impact duration is short. and will stop once Short
                         the construction penod has been completed
                            e impact has 8 medium probability of occurring   medium
                         The intensity or the impact is low                  Low


 The contractor should provide afl the safety measures and site plan management during
 the construdlon period. Proper waste colledion and disposal plans shoUld be prepared
 to minimize any risk of contaminating the soil and the environment. This shoUld be done
 in full coordination with the Client representative and Engineer.




Draft EIA Report of Dhamer City                                                       112
Auaust. 2009
Table 8.24 Mitigation Measure8 - Construction Camp and SIte offICeS




 The construction camp and Site offices could have an Impact on the environment if the
 placement or deSign Is poorly situated. Domestic waste as well as construction waste
 generated at the construction camp could also impact on the flora in the area as well as
 the human health of construction wor1lers and the community if H is not removed to a
 landfill Site.

 The management of construction camps throughout the project construction phase has
 to be managed effectively. Construction camps wUt have a Significant impact on
 surrounding communities for the duration of the construction activity.



                        The impact wiD be restricted to the construction
                        site.
                        The impact duration is short, and will stop   once Short
                        the construction period has been completed
                        The impact has a high probabiUty of occurring      High




 The placement of the construction camps must be negotiated with the local communities
 and community leaders

 The construction camps must be placed on a disturbed piece of land with a minimum
 distance of 500 meters from the nearest residential area.

 Indigenous vegetation must not be disturbed by the contractor workers

 The contractor must supply the workers with firewood or preferably gas cooklng
 appliances, to ensure that WOOd Is not harvested from the surrounding vegetation




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                    113
Auaust. 2009
Table 8.25 Mitigation Measures - Aesthetic impacts




 The construction of related infrastructure might be perceived as a degradation of the
 landscape. Other construction activities may also lead to landscape disfiguratlon.
 Upcoming construction structures excavations, presence of soil mounds, machinery and
 other materials on the construction site will be visually intruSive.
 The presence of borrow pHs, quanies and other structures in the project area are
 Visually intrusive. The Significance of the visual intrusion will. however, depend on
 several characteristics including the size. shape and color of the installations and their
 lOcatiOn on the site.


                         The impact Will be restricted to the construction
                         site.
                         The impact duration Is short. and will stop once    Short
                         the construction period has been completed
                         The impact has a high probability of occurring      High
                         The intensity of the impact is low                  Low
                         The impact will have low significance


 The placement of the construction camps must be negotiated with the Iocat communities
 and community leaders

 The contractor should provlde barriers and proper temporary walls to minimize the
 impacts of aesthetic on the residents. The contractor should re-install all the areas that
 were under construction and return it as it used to be before construction.




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                      114
Auaust. 2009
Table 8.26 Mitigation Measures - Historical and Cultural Impacts




 During the construction and opening the trenches. historical and cultural sites and
 monuments unknown can be found underground. Construction actiVity can destroy
 those monuments if no measure is undertaken by the contractor to protect those sites
 by inviting the historical and monumental specialists to propose a management plan.
 For the existing sHes there should be avoidance measures to cause any vibrations or
 dust increase in order not to cause any negative Impacts.



                        The impact will be restricted to the construction
                        site.
                        The impact duration is short, and will stop once Short
                        the construction period has been completed
                         The impact has a high probability of OCCUrring     High
                        The intensity of the impact Is tow                  Low



 The Contractor in coordination with the client should work on minimizing an the negative
 impacts on the existing historical sites such as old houses and mosques. The contractor
 should avoid creating excess vibrations that may Impact the existing historical
 structures. In case of discovering new histOrical structures, the contractor should report
 immediately to the client to manage this accident with the department of antiquities.




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                      115
Auauat, 2009
8.3.2.   Wastewater collection and treatment projects - Operation Phase
For retrieving the negative impacts which can be expected to arise as a result of
operation and mamtenance phase activities aSSOCiated with wastewater collection,
treatment and reuse infrastructure projects as mentioned in chapter seven, these can
be presented below.

      · Misuse of the treated wastewater for restricted irrigation and the increase of
        the sludge quantities (HS);
      · Generation of odors, birds and flies due to the expansion of the WWTP (MS);
      · Lowering the value of the areas around the VVWTP (LS):
      · More immigration from the peri-urban areas towards the city due to the high
        level of services (LS).
      · More burden on the responsibilities of the local corporation of water and
        sanitation in terms of operation and maintenance (LS).
      · Aesthetic impacts due to the expansion of the WWfP and its negative impact
        on the residents (LS).
      · More financial burdens on the new subsCribers for the sanitation services.

Description of the proposed mitigation measures are desCribed in the follOwing
matrices:




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                   116
Auaust 2009
Table 8.27 Mitigation Measures - Misuse of the treated wastewater




 It is witnessed at present that the farmers are not controlled by the responsible agencies
 for the reuse of treated wastewater for the restricted irrigation. This problem will be
 scaled up during the expansion of the WWfP and the untreated quantities of effluents
 towards the farming actfvitjes. This will cause more health problems and possible
 contamination on the products that will be cultivated such as the vegetables.
 The other side of the problem Is the expected remarkable increase in the quantities of
 sludge that will be generated from the plant after expansion.


                         The Impact will be within the limit of project area
                         The impact dUration is permanent
                         The Impact has   a high probability of occurring
                        The intensity of the impact is high



 It is the responsibility of the Client io cooperation with the Ministry of Agriculture and the
 local govemment to control the reuse of the treated wastewater for the restricted
 irrigation and take the necessary measures to Implement the regulations. Public
 campaigns for the farmers regarding the reuse possibHities and the restrictions of
 misusing this water for unrestricted irrigation should be planned and organized.
 With the absence of sludge disposal and treatment plan, this will be a big challenge for
 the operator and may cause negative impacts on the environment and the residents
 close to the plant.




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                          117
Auaust. 2009
Table 8.28 Mitigation Measures - Generation of odors




 It is expected that the new and expanded WWfP will generate more odors and flies
 dUring the operatlon. This will be worse in case of Improper operation and maintenance
 of the plant. Necessary measures should be taken to minimize this impact on the
 surrounding residents and downstream farmers and the labors at the plant.
 It is expected that due to the expansion of the WWfP at the same location of the
 existing plant, there wtll be more drop on the values of the lands and properties of the
 reSidents close to the plant. This will cause negative social impacts on the residents.




                        The Impact duration is pennanent                  Permanent
                        The Impact has a high probability of occurring    High
                        The intensity of the impact is medium             medium
                        The Impact is of medium signlftcance


 The operation and malnlenance of the WWTP after expansion should be the first priority
 for the LC operational plan. This wiN reduce the possibilities of generating odors and
 flies. A water quality labOratory should be introduced at the 'WWTP to check the quality
 of file effluents to ensure the proper process of the treatment.




Ora" EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                     118
Auoust. 2009
Table 8.29 Mitigation Measures - More immigration from the peri-urban areas




                         The Impact will extend outside limit of project
                         area
                         The impact duration Is permanent                     Permanent
                        The impact has a low probabUity of OCCUrring          LoW
                        The intensity of the impact is low                    low



 The local govemment should start a regional planning program to elevate the standard
 of services at the peri-urban and rural areas to the level that the residents at these areas
 will not immigrate to the city of Ohamar.




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                        119
Auoust. 2009
Table 8.30 Mitigation MeaslJres - More burden on the responsibilities of the local corporation




                         The impact will extend outside limit of project
                             a
                                 impact duration is permanent                     Permanent
                                 impact has a low probability of occurring        Low




 The Ministry of Water and Environment sholaId work closely with the LC in Dhamar for
 strengthening the capaCities of the corporation in terms of human resources and
 logistical supports In order to be able to manage the incremental burden due to the
 increase of services.




Draft EtA Report of Ohamar City                                                             120
AUQust. 2009
Table 8.31 Mitigation Measures - More financial burdens on the new subscribers




 The new subscribers for the sanitation will be facing incremental payments due to the
 new services of sanitation and treatment. The scale of thjs plOblem will depend on the
 abUlty to pay and the willingness to pay. The citizens will recognize that the generated
 benefits of using the new services will suffice any costs that will pay during the operation
 of the S8tviceS.



                            The impact wiU be within the limit of project area
                        .   -~-,"",,,--,----~-.~.--~"-~,,",-,~,-,*-,~~




                            The impact duration is permanent
                            The impact has a low probability of occumng
                            The intensity of the impact is low
                            The impact is of low significance


 The local corporation should start social campaigns before the staring of the pt'Oject
 operation among the new subscribers to infonn them about the financial implications
 that they have to take due to the new water services and show them the expected
 positive impacts due to this service.




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                        121
Auaust, 2009
Table 8.32 Mitigation Measures - Creation of employment opportunities




  A significant impact is the short-term wealth expectation created by any development
 project. Direct local community involvement must be a prerequisite for the approval of
 the project. UnskllJed labor should be used during the construction process, and if
 possible labor intenSive construction methods should be employed where possible, This
 facilitates adequate transfer of skiDs.

 However. this impact is transient and creates an unsustainable economic situation and
 short-term dependence.


                         The impact wid be restricted   to the construction
                         site.
                         The impact will be Of short duration. limited to Short
                         penods construction phase.
                         The impact has a high probability of occurring       High
                         The Intensity Of the impact is low                   Low



 Local unskilled labor (WOmen included) should be used as far as posstbfe during the
 construction of the project through a local labor recruitment plan.

 Mechanisms and structures to ensure the appropriate development and transfer of sds
 to the local community should be established.

 Labor intensive construction methods should be employed where possible.

 An overall development I land use plan for the surrounding area should be implemented
 to ensure that potential future conflicts are identified and mitigated.




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                      122
AUQust 2009
CHAPTER 9:            ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

9.1.        General

Environmental management is concerned with the implementation of the proposed
mitigation and preventive measures that are necessary to minimize or offset adverse
Impacts and ta enhance beneficial impacts, In Older to be effectiVe, environmental
management plan must be fully integrated within the overaH project management
efforts at all levels, which itself should be aimed at providing a high level of quality
control, leading to a project which has been properly designed and constructed and
functions effectively throughout its life.

The EMP is a binding document and should be provided to the Contractor asa stand
alone document and as part of the tender documents for the construction of the
projects.

The key players in the implementation of the mHigation measures are the Contractor to
be appointed to undertake the construction WOlks,the Client and the Engineer. The
Environmental Control Officer (ECO) who will be employed by the Client. Ministry of
Water and Environment, will ensure and monitor the implementation of the
Environmental Management Plan (EMP),



9.1.1.      Responsibilities of the Client representative (eCO)
The ECO will have the foHOWing responsibilities:

         · To advise the Engineer on the interpretation and enforcement of the
           environ mental requirements;
         · To monitor the Implementation of the EM? by the concerned parties;
         · To provide environmental information whenever Its necessary;
         · TO undertake regular inspections and submit reports on the Contractor's
           compliance;
         · With the environmental requirements; these reports shall be copied to the
           Employer and Engineer; and
         · To demarcate particular sensitive areas and pass Instructions through the
           Engineer concerning works in these areas.
         · To maintain the communicatlon among all the concerned parties including the
           local communities' representatives and NGOs.


9.1.2.     Responsibilities of the Contractor
The Cont.ractor shall:

         · Comply with the enVironmental requirements contained in this document;
       · Be familiar with the EM?;
       · Notify the    seo  and Engineer Immediately In the ewnt of any accidental
         infringements of the environmental requirements to enable appropriate
         remedial action to be taken;

Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                     123
Auaust 2009
         · Notify the ECO and Engineer. at least ten working days in advance, of any
           activity he has reason to beHeve may have significant negative impacts. so
           that mitigatory measures may be implemented timeously;
         · Ensure environmental awareness among his employees and subcontractors
           so that they are fully aware of, and understand, the environmental
           requirements and the need for them;
         · Undertake rehabilftation of all antas affected by construction activities to
           restore them to their original states. as determined by the Engineer; and
         · Undertake the required works within the designated working areas.

9.1.3.       Responsibilities of the Engineer
The Engineer shall:

      · Be familiar with the contents of ttIe EMP;
      · Monitor the Contractor's compliance With the environmental requirements on a
        daily basis and enforce compliance (the ECO should be monitoring
        compliance on a daity basis, in most Instances I is difficult for the Engineer to
        monitor these tasks effectively as well as the construction programme);
      · Communicate to the contractor the advice of the ECO and the contents of the
        ECO reports and issue site instructions giving effect to the ECO requirements
        where appficable;
      · Communicate to the ECO, at least ten working days In advance, any proposed
        actions which may have negative impacts on the environment;
      · Designate all working areas;
      · Communicate to the ECO any infringements of the enVironmental
        requirements and accompany the ECO during site inspections;
      · Maintain a record of complaints from the public and communicate these to the
        Employer and Contractor;
      · Facilitate communication tietween all role players in the interest of effective
        environmental management; and
      · Monitor the compliance ofthe COntractor through the ECO reports.




Dran EIA Report of Ohamar City                                                       124
Auoust. 2009
  9.2.        Arrangement for Implementation of mltJgatJon measures

  The arrangements for the implementation of the mitigation measures are shown in the
  next table. ResponSibiHties of the main actors (ECO, Engineer and the Contmetor)
  should comply with responsibiHties that are mentioned above In section 9.1.

  Table 9.1       Envlronmentallmpacts and Mitigation measures



Social     disruption,    Adequate canpeosation                            Client, Project Engineer, contractor,
land acquisition and      Enactment and enforcement of laws                Local government, Land and suvey
possille involuntary      Careful sitting of labor camps                   Oepnnent, NGOs and ECO
resettlement!             Awareness creation
relocation and other
social aspects

Interference   with Provide appropriate road sign, road diversion Project Engineer, Contractor, Local
existing roads and and footpaths                                      commll'lily, local government,
traffic routes      Introdlce pubic awareness campaigns for the Depa1ment of roads and e:CO
                    drivers and residents
                    Provision of substilute roads during construction
Interference      with    Provide an instatement plan by the contractor to Project Engineer, Contractor, Local
existing     facilities   minimize the duration of service cuts for the comm..my. local government. local
such     as    water,     residents                                        service authOrities and ECO
sanitation, electricity   Provide alternatives for the water Sl4lPIY and
and communication         sanitation facUlties by the client
                          Plblic    awareness       before   starting the
                          construction
Misuse     of    the      Stop all the reuse actMlie$ for the farmers         Project Engineer, Contractor, Local
untreated                 PlbIic awareness for the famers before starting commll'lily, local government, local
wastewater during         the expansion project                               service authorities and ECO
the expansion of the      Provide alternatives for the farmers for irrigation
existing WNTP
Rood protection and Provide flood protection measures close to the Contractor, Project Engineer, EPA,
minimize of soil WNTP during the construction                      and ECO
erosion and siltation Provide silt trap to prevent sedimentation
                          Protection of steep slope with reinforcement
                          Proper terrdlg and lan<:J$capilg

Loss of Biodlversity      Landscaping and tree plantings                   Contrldor, Client,     EPA,   Project
                                                                           Engineer, and ECO

Health     problems Fill the borrow pits and cisused quarries        Contractor, Projed Engineer, Ministry
(local commurities Improve draiNige in the impacted area             of Health, Local commtJllity leeders
and workilg labors) PR:IYide safe drinking water for project workers and ECO
                    andthecommmity
                    Implement awareness Prog-amme and conduct
                    a survey every six months
                    Provide essential drugs and treatment
                    Proper location for the contracto(s camp
                          Landscaping and blend with environment           Contractor, Project Engineer, EPA
                                                                           andECO
Polhltioo of soil due BUIld all tanks for fuels, oils to contain any Ccntractor, project Engineer,          EPA
to oil $palings       possible spill                                 and ECO
                          Provide spin mitigation equipment

Solid    waste    and Land filling of the solid waste including sludge Project Engineer, local community,

  Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                                         125
  Auoust. 2009
                        and backfilling and levefing                       ECO and local Government
                        Collection &nd combustion
                        Sorti'lg and recycle

Dust and GlIIMoue Use of more efIicient mode ~ burring fuel like Client, COI'lfraetDr,            ECO,     Project
emission          we of solar, gas cooking system                Engineer
                  PnMsion of protective gear
                  Sprinkling
Noise    on        local PrtMsion of hearing protectMJ devise              Project    Engineer,    EPA,     ECO,
communities         and W'OI'1<ers                                         Contractor
workers                 Appropriate selection of machinefy
                        Avoid working during night
Accidents on the Implement _ely progammes for road safety for Project Engineer, Contractor, ECO,
seNoe roads and at the citizens and mainly children           Ministry of Health and Local
construction areas Prepamtion &nd implement emergency Plan    government
Historical         and Protection of the e'lCisting historX:al and cultural Project Engineer, Ministry of TOurlsm,
ctAIraI sites          shs from vI:lnItions or damages                      ECO, Cnactor
                       Report on any new historical sin to the Client
Employment of local Make all the necessary measuTee to consider Project Engineer, Ministry of Labor,
labors forces       the employment of the local labor forces during ECO. COI'lIl'actor
                        construction acIMties


  9.3.          Implementation programme

  These responsibilities and organizational framework within whiCh will be implemented
  are set out in the sections as follows:

  9.3.1.        Pre-construetion Phase
  »        Management
  Prior to contractor mobilization and the commencement of construction. environmental
  management activities will include:

          · Ensuring that the financing agency requirements relating to EIA are complied
                with. In this case the World Bank requirement is complied with;
          ·
          · Preparation of tender and construction contract documents which contains
            appropriate clauses to allow the control of impacts arising from construction
            actMties: and

          · Implementation of land repossession to accommodate the works.

  EMP must be part of the tender and contract documentation. Environmental mitigation
  aspects whiCh will have a cost implication must be priced for.

 ).    Monitoring
 MonitOring activities during the pre-construction phase of the projects will involve in
 ensuring that the appropriate environmental protection clauses have been Included in


 Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                                           126
 Auaust. 2009
the contract documents to allow control of actions by the contractors, which are
potentially damaging the environments.

9.3.2.     Construction Phase
,     Management
Most of the project environmental management activities will be carried out during the
construction phase. since this is when most impacts can be expected to lise
Management will largely be concentrated on controlling impacts Which may result from
actions of the contractor, through enforcement of the construction contract clauses
related to protection of the environment as a whole and the components within it. In this
respect, it is Important to recognize that success of the mitigation of construction
impacts can only be achieved If environmental protection measures, as set out in the
construction contract. are properly enforced.

OveraU primary responsibility for environmental management during construction will
be vested in the Project Engineer as to be defined in the construction contract. The
ECO to be appointed by the Client will in liaison with the ward councils make sure that,
implementation of this project taking into account among others, the findings of
Environmental Assessment.

).       Monitoring
Environmental monitoring during construction phase will comprise two principal groups
of activlUes:

Review of the contractors' site environmental plans, method statements and temporally
works designs to ensure that environmental protection measures specified In the
contract documents have been given due consideration in their preparation and, that
the contractors' proposals will provide an acceptable level of Impacts control. The
contractor has to prepare site environmental plans and these reviewed by the Project
Engineer;

Systematic observation on a day~to-day basls of all site activities and the contractors'
offsite faciflties, as a check that the contract requirements relating to environmental
matters are In fact being complied with. and that no unforeseen impacts are occurring.
These activities will be fully integrated with the construction supervision and monitoring
aellvities to be carried out. Primary responsibility for ensuring that an adequate level of
environmental monitoring is carried out will be vested in the power of the Project
Engineer as defined in the construction contract. The Project Engineer from the Client's
side win coflaborate with ward councils and other stakeholders to execute the project.
Site staff, under the direction of a Project Engineer, will cany out aelual monitoring on a
day-tO-day basis.

It is recommended that the Project Engineer should delegate specific responsibilities
for day-to-day site environmental monitoring matters to one of his subordinates to be
carried out as an integral part of r,is site supervision activities, in coordination with
ECO. To avoid the problems which often occur, responsibilities should be clearly
defined and allocated. However, the Project Engineer will still retain overall
responsibiHties for environmental matters, and this should be reflected in the contract
document.

Majority of monitoring will comprise visual observation, carried out at the same time as
the engineering monitoring adMtles. Site inspection will take place with the emphasis

Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                        127
Auoust 2009
      Dm'!l\('!   CHllslllling
                             ,
                  ~~




     on early identification of any environmental problems and the initiation of suitable
     remedial actions. Where remedial actions have been required on the part of contractor,
     further checks will need to be made to ensure that these are actually being
     implemented to the agreed schedule and in the required form, As experience of the
     principle problem areas is gained, attention will be concentrated on locations and
     actMtJes which are known to be the most troublesome, with a lower frequency of
     inspections at problem-tree locations. Nevertheless. each part of the site needs to be
     formally inspected from an environmental view point at least once every month. The
     Client will decide on the appropriate course of action to be taken in cases where
     unsatisfactory reports are received from the field staff regarding environmental matters.

     In addition to visual observation, it is particularly important that monitoring should also
     include limited Informal questioning of people who live near to the woJ1ci:sites. since they
     may be aware of matters Which are unsatisfadory, but which may not be readily
     apparent or recognized during normal site inspection and viSits.

     9.3.3.       Operation and Maintenance Phase
     »    Management
     FollOwing completion of construction of the works, it is expected that there will be a six
     months maintenance period, during which the contractor will be responsible for
     remedying any defects in the works. The Client win be responsible for supervising
     maintenance during this period, including responsibility for environmental management
     and monitoring. However, it is anticipated that, these latter aspects will be restricted to
     ensuring that site ofearance has been carried out in an acceptable manner.

     Long-term continued enjoyment of the benefits arising from implementation of the
     wot1<s wilt only be achieved If effective routine and periodic maintenance Is carried out
     in a timely manner. Environmental management and monitoring in a long run will be
     vested to the local community in Project areas.


     9.4.         Environmental Monitoring

     Environmental monitoring as an essential tool In relation to environmental management
     which will provide the basis For rational management decisions regarding impact
     control. Compliance monitoring (which checks whether prescribed actions have been
     carried out, usually by means of inspection or enquiries). as opposed to effects
     monitOring (whIch records the consequences of activities on one or more
     environmental components, and usually involves physiCal measurement of selected
     parameters or execution of survey, to eatablish the nature and extent of Induced
     changes), is the most appropriate for the present project.

     The monitoring programme will be undertaken with the objective to:

            · Check on whether mitigation measures have actually been adopted. and are
              proving effective in practice:
            · Provide a means whereby any impacts which were subject to uncertainty at
              the time of preparation of this EMP, or which were unforeseen, can be
              identified, and to provide a basis for formulating appropriate additional impact
              control measures; and

:~


     Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                         128
     AUQust. 2009
         · Provide information on the actual nature and extent of key impacts and the
           effectiveness of mitigation measures which, through a feedback mechanism,
           can improve the planning and execution of future similar projects.

Environmental monitoring will involve the coDection of data and information pertaining
to project characteristics, quantities and functioning of environmental variables over
space and time. Environmental monitoring will be an integral part of the environmental
project management process. It win rationally complete the process that begins with
estab6shing the environmental baseline, carrying out the environmental impact
assessment, implementing of mitigation measures and finally monitoring the success of
those measures.

There are three basic forms of monitoring:

         · To check whether the implemented project is operating as planned;
         ·   Compliance monitoring, which checks whether prescribed environmentai
             action plan have been carried out, usually by means of Inspection or enquiries;
             and
         · Effects monitoring, which records the consequences of activities on one or
           more environmental components and to establish the nature and extent of
           induced changes?


9.4.1.       Monitoring Activities
Environmental monitoring is envisioned as an important process in project
management. The monitoring programme wilt reveal changes and trends brought about
by presence and operations of the project. SUch information will be useful In the
formulation of sustainable project management, operations strategies and action plans.

The basic activities for a sound-monitoring programme should at least include the
following parameters:

      ·      Collection and analysis of relevant environmental and social (health) data of
             the project area.
      ·      Preparation of periodical reports on the environmental status of the project
             area and liaison with other agents and stakeholders.
      ·      Identification of unexpected environmental impacts
      ·      Formulation of counter·measures to mitigate against the unexpected negative
             impacts.

The Project Engineer will monitor the Contractor's performance in relation to the
environmental requirements on a daily basis. He will be assisted in his monitoring by
the ECO. The ECO shaD inspect the site on a regular basis. After such visits a report
will be submitted to the Engineer and the Employer. The reports will contain any
infringements of the environmental requirements. The reports may also aim at
anticipating problems and so alert the Contractor to potential environmental risks and
the appropriate action that may be taken. The Engineer will make the content of these
reports known to the Contractor. The ECO may undertake an Environmental Audit of
the works.


Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                         129
Auaust. 2009
9.4.2.       Environmental Variables
In order to sustain a healthy environment in the project area, the project management
shOuld undertake to monitor the quality of the environment in project area and its
environs as a routine practice.

Monitoring will involve measurements, observations, evaluations, assessment and
reporting on the following variables during the construction and operation phases of the
programme:

         ·   Natural resources regeneration/depletion (I.e. Changes in biodiversity);
         ·   Soil erosion and siltation;
         ·   Socio-economic changes;
         ·   Reclamation activities;
         ·   Health and working conditions,
         ·   Pollution management:
         ·   Waste management (Chemical spills, soil waste etc);
         ·   Environmental awareness;
         ·   Ground and surface water quality due to possible 011 and pollutant spills.

Samples witt have to be collected from the nearest point as quick as possible and
monitomd for the spilled compounds. For example. if a gasoline truck has an accident,
dissolved hydrocarbons will be measured. The above table shows examples of the
parameters that need to be checked.

The key stakeholders In undertaking environmental monitoring Include Client (NWSA).
LC, Ministry of Health, ECO and NGOs.

9.4.3.       Monitoring System
In the context of this project, the most crucial aspects of monitoring refer to maintaining
the safety measures on the new infrastructure facilities such as pipetines, valves and
storage tanks. That will entail the quality of the water that is supplied to the customers.
Monitoring for the project should at least include routine visual Inspection and flow
measurements and laboratory anaJysis.




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar city                                                           130
Auaust. 2009
9.5.        Environmental Cost

The environmental cost for implementing the mitigation measures should be involved in
the engineering design and being embodied In the engineering costs. The following
table entails the mitigation measures items with their related unit costs. These costs
were stemmed based on the market prices and the on-going construction projects in
Yemen.

Table 9.2     Environmental Costs for implementing the proposed mitigation measures
              Impacts                 Mltlgallon                 Unit 1',                    UnltPrtce
                                      measures                                                   (US$)
       Land acquisition and     Adequate                  Per m~ for land or          Commercial lands
       loss of properties       compensation for the      building                    JOOUS$1m2
                                private lands                                         Domestic lands
                                Awareness creation                                    150 US$l1'ti
                                                                                      Buildings
                                                                                      (stone facin~
                                                                                      250 USSI m
       Loss of Biodiversity     Landseaplng and           Per tree                           7US$
                                tree     ~.
       Dust and Gaseous         Sprinkling and            Per m9                                5US$
       emission                 ~--'L.._........_ . ......                  ............. · . · ........25U8$-·_···..
       Solldwaste'poikitiOn'    Land filling of the        m"
                                solid waste including
                                sludge and
                                backfilling and
                                Ieve6ng

       Noise  on        local Provision of hearing        Per person                          300 US$
       commriies,             protectt.,e devise for
       workers and fauna      workers
       Accidents on the Implement safety                  Per canpaign                       2.500USS
       roads                  progams for road
                              safety for the citizens
                            . and main~ children
       Interference    with Introduce pc.i)ic             Per campaign                       2.500US$
       access route             awareness
                                campaig1& for the
                                drivers and re$ldents
       Socio-economic           Measure the              Field survey                     Lump sun per
       changes                  changes i'I the level                                        survey
                                of life thrOlJljl
                                conducting two
                                integrated survey
       Health and working       Measure the              Field survey                        Per sutVey
       conditions               improvement in
                                health through
                                selecting samples of
                                the communities and
                                make the necessary
                                examinations.

       Wtlste management        Contami'lation of soil   Field tests                           Pertest
       (chemical spills, soil   and water due to $pi.
       waste etc)               of oil and fuel
       Envi'onmental            The overall              Per canpaign                        2.500US$
       awareness                programme




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                                                         131
Auoust. 2009
CHAPTER 10:       PROCEDURES    FOR   IMPLEMENTATION                       OF       THE
                  ENVIROMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

10.1.    Management Plan Concept

10.1.1. Introduction
This Environmental Management Plan (EMP) document describes mitigation measures
to be implemented duling the construction and rehabilitation phases of the project It is
partly prescriptive, Identifying specific people to undertake spedfic tasks, in order to
ensure that impacts on the environment are minimized.

This EMP Is seen as a 'living' document. Methodologies can be updated and improved
during implementation, as site conditions become clearer. However. the EMP attempts
to provide the most practicable methods to promote sound environmental management
during the construction and rehabilitation phases of the project. Some notes and
recommendations on the operational aspects are also included.

10.1.2. Environmental Control Officer
The Environmental Control Officer (ECO) Is the person involved with the development
project. responsible for monitoring the implementation of the environmental
management plan. 11 may be different parties during the different phases of the project.

This person should be employed by the local corporation in Dhamar. It must, however,
be a person with adequate technical and environmental knowtedge to understand and
Implement this management plan. The ECO may not be someone appointed by the
contractor or the engineer. The ECO must report to the developer.

The ECO has the authority to stop workS during construction if in his opinion there is a
serious threat to, or impact on the environment caused directly from the construction
operations. This authority is to be limited to emergency situations (see definitions)
where conSUltation with the engineer or developer Is not Immediately available.    'n
such work stoppage situations the ECO is to inform the engineer and developer of the
                                                                                      all

reasons for the stoppage as soon as possible.

Upon failure by the contractor or his employees to show adequate consideration to the
environmental aspects of this contract. the ECO may recommend to the engineer to
have the contractor's representatIVe or any employee(s) removed from the site Of work
suspended until ttle matter is remedied. No extension of time will be considered in the
case of such suspensions and all costs wilf be borne by the contractor.

10.1.3. Environmental Awareness Training for Site Personnel
All contractor teams involved in work on the devefopment are to be briefed on their
obligations towaras environmental controls and methodologies in terms of this EMP
prior to work commencing. The briefing will usually take the form of an on site talk and
demonstration by the ECO. The education I awareness programme should be aimed at
all levels of management within the contractor team,

Construction workers must also be given baste health awareness training to diminish
the spread of diseases in the project area.

Draft EtA Report of Dhamar City                                                      132
Auaust 2009
10.1.4. CommunIcation Procedute$ on Site
)00   Site Instruction Entries
The Site Instruction book entries will be used for the recording of general site
instructions as they relate to implementation of the EMP with regard to the worts on
site. It will also be used for the issuing of stop work orders for the purposes of
immediately halting any particular activities of the contractor in lieu of the
environmental risk that they may pose.

)00    ECO Diary Entries
The purpose of these entries will be to record the comments of the ECO as they relate
to activities on the site.

Each of these books must be available in duplicate, with copies for the Engineer and
ECO. These books should be available to the authorities for inspection or on request.
The contract site meeting minutes must reflect environmental queries, agreed actions
and dates of eventual compliance. These minutes form part of the offICial
environmental records on site.

)00    Method Statements
Method statements from the Contractor will be required for specific sensitive actions on
request of the authorities or ECO. A method statement forms the base Hne information
on which sensitive area WOIk takes pJace and is a "live document" in that modifications
are negotiated between the Contractor I Engineer and ECO, as circumstances unfold.
All method statements will form part of the EMP documentation and are subject to all
terms and conditions contained within the EMP main document.

A method statement describes the scope of the intended work in a step~by-step
description in order for the ECO and RE to understand the Contractors Intentions. This
wiJJ enable them to assist jn devising any mitigation measures, which would minimize
environmental impact during these tasks. For each instance wherein it is requested
that the Contractor submit a method statement to the satisfaction of the ECO, the
format should clear1y indicate the following:

What       Brief description of the work to be undertaken;

How        Detailed description of the process of work, methods and matenals;

Where      Desaiption/sketch map of the locality of work (if applicable); and

When       Sequencing of actions with commencement dates and completion date
           estimates.

The Contractor must submH the method statement before any particular construction
activity is due to start. Wort may not commence until the method statement has been
approved by the ECO.

10.1.5. Record Keeping
All records related to the implementation of this management plan (e.g. site Instruction
book, ECO diary, and method statements during construction and other EMP records
during operation) must be kept together in an office where it is safe and can be readily

Draft ElA Report of Dhamar City                                                      133
AUQust.2oo9
retrieved. These records should be kept for two years and should at any time be
available for scrutiny by any relevant authorities. It is recommended that photographs
are taken of the site prior to, during and immediately after construction as a visual
reference. These photographs should be stored with other recoros related to this EMP.

 10.1.6. Environmental Completion Statement
An Environmental Completion Statement is a report by the ECO to the relevant
authorities stating completion Of the construction of the project and compliance with the
EMP and conditions. This statement wilt be ISsued after a final external audit of EMP
implementation.

10.1.7. Institutional Matters
The ECO is responSIble for the day·to-day implementation of the EMP. The ECO will
commiSSion external audits of EMP Implementation by an independent environmental
auditor on a bf..monthly basis during the construction period. This external auditor will
prepare a short audit report after each audit. These reports will be discussed at the
construction site meetings and will be retained for record keeping purposes.


10.2.         Site Establishment

10.2.1. Sensitive features and wetland areas

  ./        Cultural and Historical Elements

Before commencement of the clearing activity, the Contractor must familiarize himself
with the type and location of any sites of cultural or historical importance enumerated in
this report but shall not limit himself to those mentioned. The elements ultimately to be
affected can only be determined during construction.

The activities that are likely to resuH in these impacts include:

        ·     Quarries and borrow areas
        · Contractors' yards. labour accommodation. etc
        · Storage
        · Access roads
        · New alignments and detours
        · Cuts and fils
        · Maintenance
        · Earthworks

The Contractor must then present the EnVironmental Control Officer (ECO) aa well as
the Resident Engineer (RE) with a layout of his works including haul roads, borrow
areas and construction camps and satisfy the ECC that the known elements mentioned
in this study are either avoided aftogether or, In the case of grave Sites, will und8fgo
translocation after thorough consultation With the affected communities and authorities.



Draft EfA Report of Dhamar City                                                       134
Auaust.2OO9
Special features demarcated on the maps or matrixes must be Identified and located.
Care must be taken to prevent accidental damage during the construction stage.
Workers on site must be informed about the possible consequences of inteffering with
these elements .

  .('   Gravesltes

The issue of transJocation of graves is an extremely sensitive one. There Is a strict
order of events, which must be adhered to.
The grave site Ifke the one in the northern part of the project area must be reported to
the RE who will then forward the information to the local Government.
The local Government and LC must then negotiate with the family of the deceased to
reach an agreement on e)(humatlon and reburial.

Once an agreement is reached, the exhumation and reburial must be pefformed in
accordance with the applicable rituals. It will be the duty of the contractor to supply
caskets, dig new graves and pefform the exhumation and reburial upon request by the
eMl authority. This wiD be over and above the cost of the ordinary contract
requirements.
It is recommended that all gravesttes remain In sito, and are avoided as far as possible,
through road rQalignment.
Gravesites or other sociaUy significant structures should be protected by means of
physical barriers both during construction and operation to prevent disturbance,
vandalism or destruction.

  ./    Responsibility of the Compensation I Resettlement Unit

Compensation/resettlement plans should be based on socio-economlc surveys
describing the full resource base of the affected population including income derived
from informal sector and non farm activities and from common property, the extent to
which the groups will experience total or partial loss of assets, and public infrastructure
and social services that will be affected.

Legal frameworks should be set up in consultation with the community including the
nature of compensation, in terms of the valuation methodology and the timing of
payment, the legal and administrative procedures applicable including the appeals
process and the normal tlrne--frame for such procedures.
Ensure the communHy participates in pfanningldevfsing the most appropriate means of
compensation. It Is important that the communities' needs flosses are identified rather
than assumed and are thereby appropriately compensated.

A list of names of affected famlJ1es should be compiled as earty as possible to prevent
an influx of Ineligible people claiming compensation.
Information relating to the raws and regufatfons affecting the valuation and
compensation of eUglbie families' households I businesses I goods needs to be
timeously disseminated.

Valuation of lOst assets shOuld be made at their replacement cost prior to the actual
move.
Assessment of cash compensation for property should be carried out in a wholly
transparent manner, resulting in payments, which truly reflect current rebulJding costs,
taking into account the Inevitable rise In buRding material prices, which occur when it is
known that compensation money win be available.

Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                        135
AUQust, 2009
All affected persons should be freely allowed to salVage building materials, trees and
other assets on affected land as additional compensation for displacement.
Some types of loss such as access to public services, customers and suppliers cannot
easily be evaluated or compensated for in monetary terms. Attempts must therefore be
made to establish access to equivalent and cuHurally acceptable resources and
earning opportunities.

In the case of businesses, the compensation payments should be adjusted to take into
account any anticipated loss of income which may arise as a result of the need for
relocatiOn to a less suitable location away from the main centre of business activities.
Where replacement land is provided by the local authorities any costs associated with
registration of right-of-use should be met by the project, and clear right-of..yse titles
should be granted. In the case of agricultural land, the area of replacement land should
be determined so as to take into account productivity, so that crop production remains
as previously.

Resettlement plans shOUld be built around a development strategy and package aimed
at improving or at least restoring the economic base for those relocated.
Communities must be assisted in their efforts to improve their former Itving standards,
income earning capacity and production levels, or at least to restore them.
Absence of legal title to land by adversely affected population should not be a bar to
compensation.

Any payment due to the hosts for land or other assets provided to re-settlers should be
promptly rendered.
Conflicts between hosts and the resettled may devefop as Increased demands are
placed on land, services or if re-settlers are provided services and housing superior to
that of the hosts. COmpensation therefore needs to be equitable and the host
populations included In resettlement discussions.

  tI'   Cultivated Fields, Fences and livestock

Care should be taken to ensure that the minimum of cultivated fields and crops are
damaged by construction activities. If the pipelines route impacts on any cultiwted field
or cropland, fences and cultivated fields, then the owner thereof must be notified and
the compensation plan be implemented. Residents should be compensated for the loss
of crops and fences and care should be taken to ensure that the farmer is not worse of
as a result of the constructiOn activities.

Care must be taken during construction activities to ensure that livestock of the
surrounding communities are not InjUred or killed as a result of the construction
activities. If an inciefence occurs, then proper compensation procedures must be
Instituted.

  tI'   Accommodation of Traff'1C

The existing routes at the project areas are extensively used on a day-ta-day basis by
pedestrians, vehicle users as well as for the movement of stocks.
The contractor must accommodate vehicle, human and animal traffic safety at all times,
with the exception of limited short periOds duting trenching.
The contractor must demarcate and/or fence unsafe areas to ensure that access is
restricted until it is safe and must post appropriate signage to indicate these areas.


Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                      136
AUQust.2009
The contractor must ensure that the surrounding community is educated about the
construction process and the constraints placed on them during this periOd .

  ./   Rehabilitation of Old Roads

Mer construction has been completed the oJd roads must be rehabilitated according to
the follOwing procedure.
The surface material that can be recovered must be removed from the top soil layers
and used as far as possible on the new alignment further on.
The compacted soil below must be ripped and covered with topsoil if available.



10.2.2. Clearing and Grubbing

  ./   Topsoil

The area of ground clearance should be minimized and sensitive alignments avoided,
such as those which include steep hillsides, as far as possible. Topsoil shall be cleared
of woody vegetation before ripping and removing.
The topSOil is regarded as the top 150mm of the soil profile Irrespective of the fertility
appearance or physical depth. Topsoil is to be stripped when it Is in as dry a condition
as possible in order to prevent compaction.

The topsoil, including the existing grass cover is to be shallowly ripped (only the depth
of the topsoil) before removal. This is to ensure that organic plant material, and the
natural seed base is included in the stripping process.
Soil stockpiles shall not be higher than 2.5 m or stored for a period longer than one
year. The slopes of soil atockpiles shalt not be steeper than 1 vertical to 2.5 horizontal.
No vehicles shall be allowed access onto the 'stockpiles after they have been placed.

stockpiles shall not be allowed to become contaminated with Oil. diesel, petrol, garbage
or any other material, which may inhibit the later growth of vegetation.
The contractor shall apply soil conservation measures to the stockpiles to prevent
erosion. This can include the use of erosion control fabric or grass seeding.

If at any stage of the clearing operations archaeological artifacts are unearthed or
identified the Archaeological Department is to be immediately contaded to conduct
thorough scientific investigation of the finds and worn suspended until further notice,

The contractor shall devise a soil conservation and stockpiling plan. to be approved by
the ECO and RE. which shall detail stockpile sizes, layout and form and means of
erosion (wind and water).

The rehabilitation measures to be taken for the area occupied by the stockpile. should
the ECO deem it necessary. ,

  ./   Fauna and flora

Natural vegetation shall be kept in as undisturbed a state as possibfe. SpeCial
attention shall be paid to preserve large trees and plant communities. Vegetation
removals as part of the development requirements are excluded.


Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                        137
Auaust. 2009
All Incidents of harm to any animal or natural vegetation (apart from the agreed areas)
mllst be reported to the ECO.
Endemic vegetation species listed in the EIA Report must be relocated to a suitable
growing area, If at all possible.

  ./   Fencing

The purpose of fenced areas shalf be to sacure the contractor's equipment. Gravesites
should be fenced during construction and removed as soon as construction is finalized
in an area. Temporary demarcation with white boulders or other suitable materials such
as white painted wooden stakes of 1.5m high will be required to demarcate sensitive
environments as stipulated above to minimize construction damage. These boulders or
other materials must be removed when construction is finished .

  ./   Fencing at Construction campa

Fencing shall be suitably secured
     · No unauthorized pedestrian or vehicular access shall be allowed Into renced
        off-limits areas.
     · FenCing shall be kept neat at al times. The contractor shall be responsible for
        the maintenance of all fences. Breaches in the fenCing must be repaired
        immediately .
     · All exclusion areas are strictly out of bounds.
     · The clearing for permanent fencing shall be limited to the removal of shrubs
        within 1 m of the fence line. No grass cover and topsoil is to be removed within
        the fence alignment.
     · GalVanized diamond mesh fencing, preferably with a matte coating, will be
        used.

10.2.3. Construction camps
The planning and design for the Construction Camp must ensure that there is a
minimum impact on the environment. The plaCement of the construdion camp and
compensation must be negotiated With the landowner.
The construdion camps must be placed sway from residents in the surrounding area to
ensure that the cultural heritages of the communifiEts are not impacted upon by
construction workers from different CUltural baCkgrounds.
Local labors must be used as far as posSible to minimize cultural intrusion of the
communities in the area.

All site buildings shall be founded on a platform. Which wiN be compacted sub-soil or
screed slab. The screed slab and compacted sub-soil win be removed from site on
decommissioning Of the structures. All buildings will be souncffy built and wffl not posa a
danger to personnel. No fires may be allowed outside the constru<:tton area I
construction camp and adequate fire fighting equipment according to the tire hazard
during the construction period must be awUabie on site in good WOfklng order (at least
one type ABC (all purposa) 12.5 kg extinguisher).

Welding, gas cutting or cutting of metal will only be permitted inside the working areas.
Two separate activities fall under the scope of thiS EMP, namely the construction of a
series of bridges and a major link road.

Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                        138
Auaust. 2009
The construction camp to be set up for the bridge construction is to be constructed in
one place for the duration of the construction activities and must be rehabilitated after
construction Is finished (permanent camp).
The construction of the road could involve either at two scenarios
      · A temporary camp which is moved as the road progresses
       · A set of camps, which are placed midway along their respective sections of
         road for the duration of the construction phase (permanent camps).


10.2.4. Site Building at Construction camps

  ./       Permanent and Temporary camps

       · AJI buitdings will be soundly built for the benefit Of the personnel. The relevant
         safety codes pertaining to inter aHa load, strudure, lighting, noise are
         appllcable here. Buildings should preferably be pre--fabricated or constructed
         of re-usablelrecyclable materials.
       · The structure and its alignment, must, as far as possible, reduce the need for
         air conditioning and artificial lighting but it must be ventilated property.
         Buildings should be built of materials, and aligned In such a way as to
         minimize the visual Impad.
       · Temporary site building footprints are to be rehabilitated and re-vegetated. to
         the satiSfaction of the eco, when construction is complete .

  ./   Permanent camps

       · AJI site buildings shalt be founded on a platform of compaded sub-soil or
         screed slab. The screed slab and compacted sub-soil will be removed from
         site upon decommissioning of the structures

  ./   Temporary camps

       · Containers are to be used for the storage of goods and to house any activity,
         which is small enough and which has the potential to release pollutants into
         the environment.
       · There is to be as little preparation of the site as possible. Preparation should
         thus not involve more than scraping and limited compaction, to the satisfaction
         of the RE.


10.2.5. Initial Earthworks Platfonns
Two types of platforms will be created. namely conerete and compacted earth
platforms.
       · Concrete platforms shalt be required for all site buildings including offices,
         storage buildings, vehicle wash-bay ana vehicle housing sheds. Compacted
         earth platforms will be required for storage of aggregate.
       ·    Settling ponds are to be provided to allow for temporary detention of drainage
            water from the construction camp prior to discharge into a natural
            watercourse. Construction of the ponas shall take place prior to topsoil
            stripping or any other construction activity.

Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                        139
AUQust. 2009
      · The Contractor shall take appropriate and active measures to prevent erosion
        resulting from hIs own works, operations and actiVities as well as storm water
        control measures to the satisfaction of the ECO I Engineer. Restoration costs
        are likely to be for the contractor's account. should these measures not be
        reasonably Implemented. Aspects notmaJJy covered in construction contracts
        in terms of "protection of works· are standard and are not to be billed or
        confused with any details covered under environmental requirements.
      · During construction the Contractor shall protect areas susceptible to erosion
        by InstatHng all the necessary temporary and pennanent drainage works as
        soon as possible. Measurea can include cut off trenches, straw stablJjzjng.
        brush pacldng etc. A method statement is required from the Contractor prior to
        site dearing.


10.2.6. Fuels and Oils at Conatruction Campa
      · All aboveground petroleum product (diesel, oil and petroQ storage tanks shall
        be placed in bunds with sumps. The minimum bund capacity will be at least
        110% of the storage capacity.
      · In the event of a spill, pumping of the product, either for recovery or for
        disposal must be done as quickly as posSlble to reduce the amount of vapors
        being released Into the environment.
      · All drainage from fuel storage areas shall be diverted to the settling ponds.

10.2.7. Cement at Construction camps
      · Cement shall be delivered in sound and property secured bags or in approved
        bulk containers.
      · Cement products in sacks shall be stored In an enClosed storage area
        undel'1ain by a concrete platform with the bags themselves raised off the
        ground with the use of pallets.
      · The storage faCility and surrounding area $hall be swept and cleaned regularty
        as required to ensure that cement products do not enter the surrounding
        environment.
      · Where cement silos are used in temporary camps, the ground cover
        surrounding the silo and dispatch area is to be a wen graded non-compacted
        surface. This will ensure that any cement spilt does not splatter or run over
        the otherwise hard surface and Is therefore easier to remove.


10.2.8. Pipe"nes
The storage of pipelines will be permitted under the following circumstances:
     · Pipelines are stored off site and brought in each as required.
     · The contractor may estabtlsh a fenced stock area for the storag~ of pipelines
         on site.
      · The contractor will be responsible for the safeguarding Of such a fenced area.




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                         140
Auaust. 2009
10.2.9. Aggregate
       · Fine aggregate shaH be stored on a compacted earth platform.
       · The contractor shaJJ ensure so that no excessive amount of fine aggregate is
         washed from the storage area onto the rest of the site with the use of bamers
         designed to the satisfaction of the RE.
       · Coarse aggregate shall be stored, as a minimum, on a surface of compacted
         Inert sutrbase material. Run-otr from the stockpile shal be diverted to an
         evaporation pond where fines will be allowed to settle out.


10.2.10. Fill & Layer works Material
       · The stockpiled area is to be I"&-vegetated upon removal of stockpiled material.
       · Cleal1y defined bOlders for the stockpHing of material shall be stipulated by the
         RE and the contractor shall contain stockpile WIthin these boundaries.
       · Fine material shall be covered with tarpaulins In strong winds as instructed by
         the RE and Environmental Officer.

10.2.11. Parting Areas
       · All vehicles and plant shall be maintained to ensure that there are no
         leakages.
       · All contaminated surfaces. especially compacted sutrgrade, shall be removed
         from site.

10.2.12. Wash Bay at Construction camps
       · A dedicated vehicle wash bay shall be created.
       · The wash bay shall be upon a screed platform to prevent erosion and
         infiltration of the pollutants into the ground water.
       · All run-offs from the platform shall be contained by bund walls. The wash
         water should be directed via a lined channel to a settling pond.
       · The contractor Shall provide and maintain bund walls around the wash bay
         within the site. Where the drain passes through or across the bund wall the
         contractor shall provide a means of preventing flow so that in the event of a
         leak all liquids can be containea by the bund walls.

10.2.13. Service Area

  ./   Permanent and temporary camps

       · Soil severely contaminated by oil, fuel or chemical leakages shaD be removed
         and disposed of at a site identifted by the RE.
       · All major servicing of plant and vehicles will be don'e off site, at the contractor's
         premises.
       · All used oil shall be retained and disposed of by removal for recycling at an
         urban centre or disposal in any other manner approved by the ECO,


Draft ElA Report of Dhamar City                                                           141
Auaust.2009
            · The contractor shall educate workers on the appropriate methods for
              workshop maintenance and fuel points to prevent fuel and 011 being washed
              out of containment areas.

      v     Permanent camps

            · The contractor will provide a concave concrete floor slab to prevent erosion
              and infiltration of the ground water by petroleum products.
            · The stab shall drain into the temporary 011 skimming tank The contractor shall
              provide bunded walls around the maintenance area.
            · Where the drain passes through or across the bund wall the contractor shall
              provide a means of preventing flow so that in event of a feak or overflow from
              the skimming tanks all liquids can be contained by the bund walls.

      v     Temporary camps

            · Toxins and oU recovered shan be collected In drums and disposed of in the
              same manner as for used vehicle off. All servicing must take place at the
              contractors premises. Minor services to take place at the pennanent camp.

    10.2.14. Concrete Batchlng Plant

      tI'   Permanent and temporary camps

            · The concrete plant shall be located on a compacted earth platform.
            · Concrete shall only be mixed in areas which have been specifically
              demarcated and established for this purpose.
            · Any large quantity of concrete spiH shall be promptly removed by the
              contractor to an approved disposal site or saved for possJbJe Jat6l' use.
            · After mixing is complete all waste shall be removed from the hatching area.
              The contractor should first seek means of reducing the waste through re-use
              on site e.g. rubble or recycting. Disposal at an approved disposal sHe should
              only be a last resort.
            · No storm water shall be permitted to flow through the batching site.

      ./    Permanent camps

            · All water left over from the concrete batching operation or sl.Irface run-off from
              batching area will be channelled to evaporation ponds. These ponds will be
·             cleaned at least twice per year.
_           · The batching plant shalf be enclosed by a bounded wall with divisions and
              dedicated compartments for the various types of materials.
            · AIr fiHers shall be monitored and cleaned and replaced on iii regular basis.

     ./     Temporary camps

    Any concrete batchlng In temporary camps wlJl be conducted on a well-graded
    Incompact surface as described in Conaete.

    Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                         142
    Auaust. 2009
The bitching area is to be bordered by temporary earth bunds, which will eontain any
large spills. In the event of a spill. the contaminant must be removed as thoroughly as
possible while it is still fluid. COntaminated soU must be removed.

10.2.1 S. Sanitation

  ,/   Permanent camps

       · Adequate chemical latrines shall be provided for all staff at the camps and
         away from the construction camp.

  ,/   Temporary camps

       · Chemical latrines must be provided at temporary construction camps as well
         as nearer to the area of construction

  ,/   Permanent and temporary camps

       · The latrines and septic tank system shall be located away from such sensitive
         areas as sponges, streams and springs and areas of cultural and historical
         Importance.
       · They shall be serviced regular1y $Q as to prevent overflowing
       · Night-soil shall be removed to a waste water treatment works 0NWTW) or
         disposed of in any other manner acceptable to the ECO.
       · All fees in this regard, whether it be to the WWTW or to the transporters are
         payable by the contractor.
       · The contractor's staff shaH use only the latrines for ablution.
       · Water used for sanitation purposes e.g. washing facilities, must be released
         into the septic tank system.

10.2.16. Temporary Storage of Waste

  ,/   Construction Waste

       · As far as poSsible, spoil shall be used in fill and contouring of slopes.
       · Only nominated spoit areas shall be used. Theae shall be located in an area
         decided by the ECO and shall preferably be previousty disturbed areas.
       · Spoil areas shal be contoured to conform to the surrounding landscape and
         shall covered with topsoil.
       · SpoiJ heaps &haJJ be protected from run-off by cut-off and diversion trenches.
       · Temporary storage of construction spoil shall be limited, as far as possible, to
         the road reserve. Areas already disturbed or to be disturbed by construction
         activities shall be used for storage of spoil.
       · As much construction waste as possible must be re-used or recycled. The
         contractor will be responsible for removing and transporting all remaining
         waste material off site to an approved dumpsite.


Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                       143
Auoust. 2009
  ./    Domestic Waste

        · Recyclable waste, Including glass, paper and plastic shall be separated at
          source, stored and recycled, where economicaJty feasible.
        · waste must be disposed of on a weekly basis in a manner approved of by the
          ECO at the Contractor's expense.
        · Personnel shall be informed about the necessity to refrain from littering and
          abOut the need to keep hazardous substances separate from the domestic
          waste.
        · The contractor shall, on alternating days, conduct site clean-ups for litter other
          than construction spoil, and dispose of it in refuse bins provided on site.


10.3.      Construc1fon Procedures

10.3.1. Cut
        · Non-rock slopes shall not be steeper than 1:2 (vertical : horizontal) although
          the ideal profile for re--vegemtion purposes lies between 1:3 and 1:4
        · Steep slopes should be protected against erosion with soil stabfflzatlon
          mechanisms. The proposed method Is detailed under storm water Drainage.
          If the upper slope of the cut face is likety to be unstable, leading to rock fall,
          then it must be stabiUzed as soon as possible to prevent erosion.
        · 00 not cut slopes and embankments to an angle greater than the natural
          angle of repose for the focal soif type.
        · Bare rock on cut embankments, must not be top soiled, but only stabilized.

10.3.2. Fill
        · Steep slopes mu$! be protected against erosion.
        · Bare rock on fiH embankments must be stabilized and not top soiled.
        · Care must be taken to ensure that large boulders (spoil material) do not roll
          down hill and demolish houses or crops or endanger peopte.
        · Spail that tumble down Into cultivated fields must be remOVed. Where removal
          is not feasible, the field owners must be compensated by suitable means.

10.3.3. Unstable Slopes
        · Ditches must be intercepted at the tops and bottoms of slopes and gutters and
          spillways can be used to control the flow Of water down a stope.
        · Stabilize the slope by building retaining structures such as gabions, cribs or
          other types of wooden barricades and grid WOrk, usually battered against a
          Slope.
        · Constructed retaining waUs can be built to Withstand pressures at the base of
          the slope.
        · Build reinforced earth and embankment walls, with anchors compacted Into
          the fill material-
        · Armour the sulface against erosion and abrasion by intercepting raindrops
          Oeaves).

Draft EIA Report of Dhamar city                                                         144
Auaust. 2009
      · Support the slope by propping from the base (tree and shrub boles and roots)
      · Reinforce the soil profile by increasing its shear resistance
      · Drain the soil profile by drawing water out through the roots and releasing it to
        the air by transpiration
      · Facilitate infiltration of water through the soil profile, thereby reducing the
        proportion of water flowing over the soli surface.

10.3.4. Retaining Wall Structures
A retaining wall will be constructed where required to stabilize steep slopes. These
retaining walls will be stone pitching to reduce the visual impact of the structures and to
ensure that It blends in with the natural environment. The use of these retaining walls
will be Umlted to cases where slopes are unstable or where the natural Slope is too
steep and using a 1v:3h or 1v:2h fill slope will result in large fill areas, enlarging the
footprint of the road on the natural environment.

10.3.5. Drilling
The contractor shall comply With the relevant Yemeni safety regulations in providing
safe drilling conditions and wooong equipment for his personnel.
Drilling shall commence at specified times agreed to and approved by the RE. in order
to minimize the noise impact.

10.3.S. Borrow pits
The position of borrow pits must be determined by the ECQ and RE bearing in mind
the following

       · The visual impact of the borrow pit.
       · The context of the borrow pit. I.e, w;U traffIC. noise and air pollution created by
         the borrow pit going to adversely affect the surrounds.
       · The loss of arable land,
All topsoil removed from the borrow pit site is to be stored for later rehabilitation of the
land.
The progression of stripping and excavation shall allow for rehabilitation 011 areas that
have been fully used. Cut siopes shall be a minimum of 1: 3.
Borrow pits Shall be used for excess rock spoil. Storm water cut-off drains shall be
provided at the tops of cut slopes.
Excavations Shall be undertaken in a safe manner in compliance with the relevant
safety regulations. Safety operations to be observed by the contractor shall include the
slOping, stepping or benching or shOring, timbering or otherwise supporting the sides of
the excavations.
Maintaining the sides of the excavations in a safe condition shall at aU times are the
sole responsibility of the contractor. No under-cutting of the sides will be allowed.
Water and runoff collected in the excavation site will be pumped out of the excavation
and released through a sump system into one of the sedimentation ponds before being
released into the natural environment.




Oraft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                         145
Auaust, 2009
10.3.7. Screening
The contractor shall suppress the dust and nOise nuisance caused by 1he screening
process. The screening process shall be positioned so as to cause minimal disturbance
to surrounding properties and the construction staff.

10.3.8. Layer works
      · Layer works shall be placed and compacted with dust being minimized
        through appropria1e watering. No work shall be allowed in excessively windy
        or rainy conditions, as decided by the RE.
      · S1abifizing agents·Shall be used such that they do not cause contamination of
        groundwater.

10.3.9. Asphalt Paving
      · Heatfng of asphalt Shall be conducted such that the possibility of injury to
        bystanders or workers is minimized.
      · Care shall be taken to ensure thai only those with suitable training and/or
        safety equipment are allowed near the laying of hot asphalt.
      · Any unused asphalt Shall either be stored appropriately (such that it does not
        contaminate any runoff) or It shall be safely disposed of.


10.3.10. Stockpiling
      · Suitable material shall be stockpiled on a sub-base platform, which has been
        cleared of topsoil as per above. The sub-SOU wilt be compacted to
        accommodate the spoil stockpHe.
      · All unsuitable and surplus spoil rock shall be removed from the site to a
        dumping site or sites, to be negotiated by the contractor and approved by the
        Engineer. dumped, spread and leveled, all to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
      · No dumpsite Shall be used without the prior written approval of the Engineer
        and the owner of the property.
      · No spoil material shall be stockpiled in violation of any Statute or Ordinance or
        to obstruct any watercourse or drainage channel.
      · The top sutface of aJJ permanent spoJJ dumps shaD be left smooth and even
        and side-slopes, where required. are to be stable for the material concerned.
        Adequate drainage to the top surface and side-slopes shall be provided to
        prevent fUture erosion.

10.3.11. PersonneJ
     · Working hours will be agreed upon with the affected communities poor to
       construction.
     · Cooklng facilities shall be provided for the construction staff within the
       confines of construction camps. No trees or natural vegetation shall be
       permitted to be removed for the making of fires.
     · No fires shall be permitted, unless a specifICally deSignated area has been
       identified and set aside by the Engineer for that purpose.


Dran EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                       146
Auoust.2009
        · Where there is a particular fire hazard at any point in the construction works
          the contractor shall ensure that his employees are proper1y trained in the use
          of the appropl'late fire fighting equipment and that such equipment Is on hand
          at all times.
        · The contractor shan take all measures necessary to prevent his staff from
          hunting, capturing or destroying animals and birds in the \ricinity of the
          construction camp.
        · The contractor shall take all necessary precautions against trespaSSing on
          adjoining properties and shall take care that all livestock, game or vegetation
          are not interfered With.
        · The contractor shall comply with all safety regulations regarding the electricity
          supply and he shall take every precaution to ensure the safety of all the
          people on site.
        · The contractor shan ensure that as far as practicable, suitable arrangements
          are made on site tor the maintenance of health, the prevention and
          overcoming of outbreaks of disease and of adequate first aid services.
        · The contractor shell be responSible for his own security arrangements and
          shaJl comply with any security instructions, which the Engineer may issue from
          lime to time.
        · The contractor shell ensure that suitable safety regulations and precautions
          are estabfished and brought to the attention of the personnel. ConstructiOn
          hats and other protective dothing shall be wom at all times whilst on site.
        · The contractor shall. at his own cost. provide for a constant supply of potable
          water for human consumption to the site offices and other domestic use on
          site. The contractor shall allow for chemical testing of water samples on a
          monthly basis.
        · The contractor shall ensure that his personnel are educated and informed as
          to the requirements of the EMP. A copy of the EMP mu&l be kept on site. The
          contractor shall endeavor to ensure that his &lairs compJy with the EMP
          requirements for best practice as described by this document.


10.4.     Rehabilitation of Construction ActivitIeS
10.4.1. Construction camps
,.    Permanent camps
Rehabilitation will be necessary in the follOWing areas:
      · Concrete and compacted earth platforms
      · Excavation for septic tank
      · Access roads running into and through the camps
Concrete platforms will need to be broken up and rubble taken to an approved waste
disposal site or used to rehabilitate borrow pits. The exposed surface must be checked
for contaminant and if any is found, the contaminated SOil is to be removed along with
the concrete to a slte acceptable to the ECO and the RE. The re-vegetation process
must then be followed.




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                        147
Auoust. 2009
Soil containing contaminated soil in the compacted earth platforms Is to be removed
according to the method described aboVe. The re-vegetatlon process is then to be
followed.

Once the septic tank has been removed from site, the exposed excavation is to be
covered over and re-vegetated.

Access roads running into and through the camps and any other well used
thoroughfares (whether pedestrian or vehicular), which have been denuded of
vegetation and have SUbsequently been compacted, are to be checked for any
substantial spmage of contaminants including oils and fuels. The area is to be ripped
and top soiled If necessary.

}>    Temporary camps

Rehabilitatlon will be necessary in the following areas:
      · Compacted earth and noo-compacted earth platforms
      · Access roads running into and through the camps
      · Compacted and non~compacted earth platforms will be rehabilitated according
          to the method described above.
      · Access roads Will also be rehabilitated according to the method described
        above.


10.4.2.   Borrow PHs
Borrow pits shall be filled with as much excess fflt material as possible but shall be kept
free of any other waste.
They shall be covered in soil stockpiled either from the original excavation of the
borrow pit or from other sources.
tr there are inadequate amounts of topsoil, then alternative f&habilltation measures
must be implemented such as:
      · Transforming quarries into lakes for recreation, aquaculture, or wildlife habitat
      · Conversion of borrow pits and spoil dump sites fnto roadside picnic areas and
         scenic lookouts.

10.4.3. Stockpiles
Once stockpiles have been removed the ground surface is to be inspected for
compaction. ShoUld it be required, the surface is then to be ripped and the re-.
vegetatfon process follows.

10.4.4. Operational Phase
Regular monitoring and maintenance of the construction areas 3hould be done by the
LC to ensure that rehabiJitation measures was successful and to observe whether
unstable cut and fitt areas need to be stabilized (eSpecially after heavy rains).
LC should make start a water quality monitoring program for the Implemented water
supply network in order to maintain the quality of water for domestic uses.




Draft EIA Report of Dhamsr City                                                        148
Auaust. 2009
CHAPTER 11:       CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This Environmental Impact Assessment concluded that the proposed water supply and
sanitation projects in Ohamar City- under Group I urban center development program
IS environmentally viable to be implemented as far as the mitigation meaSUNS
proposed will be Implemented.

The compensation for the acquitted private properties at the proposed expansion site
of the WNTP and possibly some of the pumping stations areas should be made for
sites eJqlropriated by the Govemment for this project. The current socio-economic
aspects at the project site should be maintained and preserved through following the
proposed preventive and mitigation measures that were mentioned in Chapter seven of
this report.

The project will improve the health aspects and raising the standard of living of the
residents of Ohamar. The project will provide the residents with clean and drinkable
water according to the required standards in Yemen. In addition to that it will relief the
residents from the daily suffering via requesting the water from far distances and utilize
their time in a more fruitful activities. Public awareness campaigns should accompany
the implementation of the project and should target the residents at the impacted
areas.

The provision of the wastewater collection system and expansion of the existing
WWTP will improve the standards of Ufe and reduce the risk of contaminating the water
sources. The provision of the WWTP will ensure the reuse possibilities of treated
wastewater for the restricted Irrigation. The farmers should be controlled and their
irrigation activities should be watched by the Ministry of Agriculture and the local
Government.

The untreated wastewater during the expanSion of the existing WWTP should be
avoided and diverted to prohibit the reuse of this water by the farmers.

The Contractor should minimize the interference and interruption of the current
services to the citizens during the construction period. Re-instatement should be
provided for all the services after the completion of the work as it were before.

The local corporation of water and sanHation in Oharnar should work closely. through
the ECO with the Contractor and Engineer to guarantee the consideration of the EMP
as requested in this report. That shOUld be done during and after the construction of the
project. Concerned parties such as National Environmental Protection Agency and the
local Government need to be involved in the process from the beginning.

It is recommended that a site management plan should be agreed during the
Contractor's mobilization.

It is necessary that most of the mitigation measures will be implemented at local level
in order to ensure the sustainability of the projects particularly during the construction
and operation of the water supply system with an effective participation of local
community. The Client, in cooperation with NGOs should ensure that local communities
are involved in the progress of Implementing the project and ensure proper usage of
the new infrastructure.


Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                       149
Auaust. 2009
It is also Important to undertake monitoring programme in terms     of water quality and
implementation of the proposed environmental ptan so that the       proPOSed mitigation
measures are implemented. The monitoring should also foresee        other environmental
impacts that are probable to emerge and lay down strategies         to overcome these
impacts.

Proper Implementation of the EMP requires better cooperation and coom/natlon among
all the stakeholaers that will participate in the planning. implementation and monitoring
of all the proposed mitigation and preventive measures.

The Consultant introduced Annex no. 4 of this report which entaits the environmental
management plan and the Implementation proeedures as a stand alone document.

This Annex can be provided to the Contractor as part of the tender documents to be
conSidered and implemented during the construction period.




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City                                                      150
Auaust. 2009
                                  ANNEX 1

     YEMENI ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND RELATED EIA
   REGULATIONS AND POLLUTION CONTROL PROCEDURES




Draft EIA Report of Dhamar City               151
AUQust. 2009
                             ANNEX 1




    YEMENI ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND RELATED EtA REGULATIONS AND
                  POLLUTION CONTROL PROCEDURES




-
                                    ~,~o.o W(Y'I)r!-JU~

                                             Wl~t...:I..·Wu
                                               .. .    u.




                                                                                          :;."' \~ '-
                                                                     . ~\:.i... )~).;-- ..r"'"" ;..)Lb';il ~
                                                                        ....  .. -.. - II              .    .




~\   jt,;... J..l:! ~;.... 4.1.)IS j,l) ~1   .)k.JI   .jJ-i\.:tl\ I::..t. j.o W~)J ~ ~l:ii\ wi )4--1 I J .bWj,] wfo.
                                                                                                  : -ill~ J)L;. ..,.b




                                                                                                     :~l_"


                                                                                                  .....
                                                                                                WI:.i...l..u.   .1
                                                                                                                ~



                                                                                                        : ~I-"
     ~ J Ji ;; f?- Ji "::"'1...::.t.....:;! ,i ... 1.........,...., Ji ~I J) Ji ".,?il J Li...i.:i...)l F~j\.i;. J\:uJL.. Jl ~ ~1 yo ~i
J\ lAJyh.lJJ ~\"':".,lJ ...,.l,' · ;-:4-0J#- JI -;-:4-0~):..J i.:?.lYJ' .:;W'I' ~ ~ "::"'\jl~1 Ji .... t.....'/I
                                                                                                                 ~\       ..::...\.lll.iy )~';I\




                                                                                                                        : ~, tJ:...."'il _'\



                                                                                                                      : ~I J;l..,.J\ - V




                                                                                            ;t 'I
                                                                                            ",".; U       ,...        ... ..;.   '\   ~      ......
                                                                                         " ' - ' - . ...'--J
                                                                                         .                     J=-   ~w "-¥.+' '>'r       J:!:1'W r

                                                                                                                       :~IJ~\-"

                                                                      ;j;. ,i ~4-0 ~                 ;   ~J ~ ~ -;;j\ Sj'jl JA
                                                                                    · ..!.wl .:,..   lAili; ,i +iJ..l!,:;" ~ ~J




.bli.:J1 J 4l~1 J ~I ~ ~ ~IJ · '~I ..>#-                                              Ji .~I ~1 J ..}".J.l ~I.}.))'I
                                                    " J.....JUlI.J .. y.:ab..l\   Jt:H..'i' w.......J ~\.3j';i\ '+i).l! )1 ~I                  >

    c!j1l1 ..ill!S"      ;I ~':;\j :u"u:I J          ~\ ~, JI.J.....:o ~ ~I :1...1...::;,;';11 ~J -1WJ ~
                   . 4J,......,..        ,j wi ~l:il' ~~      ..:;... ~ 1..t.~G.:.i1 C fo ~l JHLl:i.!l J .u.w....J1...,..Jr",JG
                                                                                        \ " \ \ ' .·j~1I
                                                                                   ·
                                                                                   · .,,-:r" ~~
                                                                                                                       " ..·-.11
                                                                                                             r..,rJ'il ~ _ \ 1
                                                                                                                 I


W)I ~\ ...::...1 ~i.:i.ll jA ~i ,sll ......,,~.:!J C fo ..;;..W t J~ ~ ~>""J ~ ~I yU.-.1 ,YO
. ~\):!Ji:ill J.,.i.S ~ ..'lbc.)..r~.l,:o..)\;;~ "'::"'I~I ~JJ, .:"~.:,,I J.,.:i:....J1 .:"....:"i.S Ij\ L.. .l,!~J '


                                                                                                           :J...WI NJA'il\ _ \              .:t




f'~'1 ~          4-Lo ~I y"l6..J1 )1 , 4-Lo ~ ..!iUA.)i 4-Lo ...;.....t;,..:;ll ..; YH "'::"'' J fo.. )i .. ~l j JI J-'
                         . 4-Lo ....,,.,.b.:;l\ )1 u.~ Ji 4---1~1 ;;Jk.).) u. j>b yt...>:l Jl , ~)L...J\ ~I;i\



 jA  ,,-:!,ji.o.:i L.. ~ ~)~I:u...., ~J ~1...t...!)'\ ;I ~I Ji ;i.,;c.u.....JI "::"~I jA.ufo "'::"'4lil~1
~\:ill ':"!.l,:o.'!) )~)ll:\.4lJ )1 ~ ..:,;... "-! ~ I... Jl , ~~\ 4-J~w ~ Ji JI yJ "'::"'1 ,J!. y )i ..'l\ J-'
Ji \A..'l,~ ~ I,... ~I       > Ji ...::...4.ll' ji J~l Jl .:"W)'l ol.p. >
                                                                        i p ~ ~ ...; fti ~L....:.J.. ~I Ji
                                                                                            . ...; y..1 ",::",yill.,. 4--'1......:.:;1 ..:..lc.




                                                                                                  ..·.t...........hII~\_" ·
                                                                                                       .... "   ..

          )1 , ~ 0.,....J 4.......:.L:. ~~ ~ la.....l..4)1.S)1 ~WI Ji ~I.ul ..4--11 Ji ;y:»'ll jA;;"""'\"""""
      ~\yJl ~L..t.:.....ill~ ~ l.....,lj ~lfo'1u ;;..'l~1 ~WI ,,4=-),1 Ji )J:!bll ji "::"wl~1 Ji "::"U1.,u\1 jA tl;l
                                                                                                                                . ~y'll



)j:!hll   Ji ,   4.l IJL. ~;".!l\ ~)~I ~l h:i:i ~I )~I J\~' Ji ~\~I ;;4:--\1..:,;... t''pi Ji t.p..;i
                                          . 0~'il JI y'tS:i.ll Ji t:..l)l ~ .u:..1.,.. )i ~,!I I.l.                    .jA    h:i:i ~I
J~ ~ '..l\...o 0A Ji &y..:i.o ,,1 ~).l.w:>.A                    jA   ~~, 1A)#.j. -'::"4-y Ji -.::..t:i,wl -.::..~ JI ..lJ.l.:>.
                                                                            . ~oJJJ c.~I;I ~:i...;1.j~.l.:>.J


                                                                                                                    :   ~1~1.L_"V




                                                                                                                                          : J,.....::.:iJ




                                                                                                                                  : J~,JI_\" '\




   .s~\....;-=t.........::......,\ ji JSUll "':'l.l.:>.! J\ j...,...if;;;.PJ.A.i.l1 JI '4c--J.......:.:.)'1 JI ~1..J"'>\.,.:.Jj    -'::"lj .!lrl1..r-

                                                                                                  . ~\ Ji                -.::..illlS.!l Ji jl.-:i'j;.,




jA ..;'.'. ~.~             "i 4.~4-> .)~ J!.;C!)J &fti"i y4--J1 )1 ~ JI ....;:,~l ,I yy.oJ Ji "ill,!..,'
                                              .~';il )1 ~bH ~4-J1 J\ ~.jiil Ji "I        ~I -::"~.,L.                   *\ .;
          Ji ~\~L...:.. ~~~;;..lJ.,;"...o":"l.....:.l....:.:i.i.j v)·..:i4.-.."... J\ ~ J\~J\') ..:)J..;1
:u,Ij..J .....~\ji.ll   )..l....o)J~~ .t\J:,.-JI..:..\.r.JI..ill:i Ji "::"pl ~l.5....J~j ..l)."...ll             >    wW\
     ,   ~~\.j ..;pJ .)!.il,'; ;YI.) JI .)Jitil\ I:".) ~ ~~\J ~ .>.+>ti ..:..\~ tJ;-:'" :i....ul Ji ..bL:l..;1




,I :;,.:, ~ ji :i.:u..:; ji j ; p.:i Ji ji; J\).l~,i ..l\ J:!l...1   JJUU ~ )1 ;y.:. I ) j   Jl   ;y.:. u...:, Ji ;;..,,)~ ~ .;i
                                                                     J ~'U:ill ..:..1j'i1 ":"I~ J~I        JI ~ Ji ~

                                                                                                     ;u\~~I_r'\




                                                                                                                    : (YO) S..lLt

                                                                           '~I,,,",,I y;.
                                                                           . "    ..... '':iI,''', 11' '\illl:.. ..... ~
                                                                                            ~..r,...;y
              ~1 .} ~';i\ ~J ~\ lA...lJIY'J ~I..,.k ~b..J4 ..;y.,.....J ~ ~ JS 1"Jil:l                                                                      ,.
                                                                                                                               . ~"t11 Wl5.oAJ
           ~ ~ J ~.l! .Lc.J1 ~L....:..
            .. .- .11 .. Y.".. ..                 ,,>""" ~ts.... J ~114.J').JAJ... ~
                                                    -::..I~ll       ....   I                .. '.
                                                                              ~..w.U, I_~, U >'-"" ~....
                                       ..I\~'Jl..illJSJ .:i.......:.WI J ~Wl ":"l...........yJI J """""')1 ;jjJ.llI":"L6..\....                    ..,.k
           ~~.jA W ~ L.., '~4'; L., ~~I J ~\.lll oy.J1J u4}JI ":"L:..~ j...,Z ~I 4PI                                                                        ::J

    f' '   '\ i\" ,.1..,J } ." ..,JI 0,i't:S ~\ , ",.l J.lli 0~t:i1l 1'\5...,.'J li..b ~I ;;..\y.Jl ~ .....r j.A.l .;>11, ..; p-
                                                                 :.irll ~.)~I ~ J..It.....:.:;...:; foi ~J..l ~U:il..;l J
                                                                    o




      J\.:...,J\ 0~Ui ~lii\ ~ ~..\);-II      ..:..t.......l.....::.:i.:>.)'4 :J J,UI ..::..\..b1... ~ , ~,~I ~I ~l.....:.. u41ji;- 'J J
             . ~\.....a.:13'1\ ;;..i.b.W1 ~.;>11 ..:..L:..WI ...!lliS J ' .:IJJ.:JI 0..\4-\ ~WI ~~\ 4P1 ~




-
     ))-..l~..;il\ ~I)j,.l\ ~~t~\~~) ~~l'l)j.;-l1 ~:i......t.:,y.~
                                                                         ~\            .             "-"+-
                                                                                           J :w1........:::.1..."':;.,;..1 -\;.l.:!..J J .......l....!.i\
       ~\l)1 J ~I ~L."J ~.;-II ~WI ......4-JI t""" ~ ~ -Jill ~)I :ij .,.:..11 )4-;0. ". "",...l;...J1                                                       "
       >  J .. 1Jj"JI .........1.:;..-. <.Yo lA ) ! ~ ~4-\\ .ill:i ~ ~I ..:..lp.Jl t-" ~-! i"4ilIJ ~
                       . ~\.y. 0J..)L....,J\ ..:..t.;.....:.jlll J ":"l),;ill \;ii'jl4f'I}:il'1 1J ~I ~~ J$

                                                                                                                                                   ~'\lI1 "r'4lt

                                                                                                    ul~1 (l'1..w....1.; ~jiJj.; "~I ~~
                                                                                                                                          :(i) oJL.




     ) ..h.'J; .y..J y,..\~\J "::"'\~IJ .lJ.lo..:lI ~Ui) w~ ~ ~j)l!I.b.b.:iJ\J "::"'L.A~..Ji F ) ~I ..::...4-;J1 ~
           ~ \,::.A.c. J;-.WI ~~ .L:u"4 ~\ . ::.. \ ..;~y..l\ ~ J ("'-oJ ~ j...,J\ J ..;.l\.....,....ll oil. J:!# J 4-J.:.!y:..:i,
                                        . 4:+l.c. j.!1 jl Ji :L...:i.i.....J\ ~I ~ ~\ ~l ..::...li.....ol.,.J\ J "::"'1......1 J.ill


           ~ ~1 J,..lyJl ..;y:.c."I1 ~ ~'Jl ~\}J\ ..::..tL.\~"I ~I J:- :iJjl....JI ..::...4+11 ~
                                                                             . .".......1 J'J\ ..::..tL...\~\ ..::...~ ~ J .:1,k.1
                .j.bu.J1 J · ~ 1,;)1 j.hu.J1J ' ~u,J.l;;. <>          0';'   411 ~u.Jl ~I):i\ ,..I~\ ..::..ti..l.J:...i.... ~                   "
                                                                                                ,~\ j.hu.JI..ill:lSJ~u...J\




                                                                                                                                        :(\ · ) O.:\....

    ill}   "I: ~ I )}I ~\ J':J\ ,:-,I........::...)c. ..; )1I J .j.w1.;~\ ):Ub:ill ..,1 ';, yo.oJ\ C'"jill j~ ';/
                                                                                                       . ~~Ull ..::..tl}.;ill J .J:i.il foi
       ~\.,.,.,:!I:ub.:...,J. Ji ~I))\ ~\?'Y.I                   >
                                                         ';.J~ J\ .,r-u.......b\..!J -i\ ;;"'U,I J\ c.\..!JI ~                                 "
                    . J\~\I J J:+l"....... ill J :i..el )Y'-' ~ ~ .::...lc::.u...J1 ..!lL' ~-' :i.i:'...J1
                     .iSUlI"::"'1 ?  "; ';1\              .~,  . .. 1\                      .Jo"    >.,
                                                                                                             _




                                              :.i........WI ~\ ,..\ ji:..1 \~J ..!l)L..J1 J.~ ....I":h'll r,k. t'"
           ~,i'liJ) ..)!-.il yill J .;ji-..l.!) ~ o..).;1"l1
      .. \..!J) ~ ..; y..\ ~ ~i "I , ~\ Cl}iil ..,..1c "~J 0.;1 j.,ll vJ;....... ~ J.)A JI is; )Y!":!
     Ji \A.:} JA ~4-> Ji ~I ~L.o.:.. ........~ i ~I ~I ~\ ..::..tlj J.bLWI ,J. ~I u~1
                                                                             . ~y,l\ I"":l""l;il ;.;"""'"
       } ........)1.;;1 4-i~ ~ ,,rill ~I :u.b..WI .) b.J~I ..::.M~I J ~'Y.\ J JL..c'1\ ;1)11.::.l::o..;!                                       '\'
        ,~..o.:;J1 ~ j--JI JI ~~I ,i ~y,l1 b~'4 ;ly.:aI\ JI ~\ ~I )Y..ii Ji )::'-'.ii
                                                                                                   :;.)"'I"....,..:JI ~ J     >     ~J
           jA   jL...c.~ ",y,ill JI b)L.A ):ii.ll ~~I          J\ ~y.ll   ..:JLUlS..ll Clc::.   j! Ji J.;l J\ Jii } .l:!-<>
                                                                                                    .4:+l.c.   ~L...;,.i\\   4-lL
                                                                     . ~1           :u.b.i.J4 ..:J\.:,i~1 Jii Jl ........~1         "




-
     ~!i
   ...r ) :tt- J i. ~I
              .. ul           ......,.....I J './1 ..r J";!"-'...r J.:tt- J ;G ·.11 ~lil ~ .. J.l
                                        .            . " .; -'I·LlI          -.r.        .. , 11:4....i ·WI;Gl...oJ1..., ~
                                                                                                             ..        . ---
         ..fi.L.i J lt1JI.,... ..ill~J ;)~~I Ji ~..foll Ji ~1)l4.h:..... 4-6-1".... JI ....:.o}il o~ j.o ~
                                                                                      ,                           .lAy~
 ..$   p.i ~ ~:yi              Ji ~I c1fol.."k ail ~I)j~j ~~).:r ;I Ji! jy;H..ill~ C;"J                                          Y
:Y'J ,i          ~Iy;.';. l..t.~ C~I)j+hll J! ~lil~1 -.rl.l:;..i J tlyiJ -';!c1.,...J t3Y".l,1~
                                                                              . ";,?i ,y.:.\ y;. \




                                                                                                                         :(''')O..lt....



                                                                                                                         :( \ '\) 1..It....

                                          . :t.JW} WJ
                                          ...
                                                                          '1·1l} rl .... . L .11 . ~':"\u~1
                                                    LL....JP.....h.Wl1 (!:-'Y' '- .r- )~ t;"'..."...........                      ~._
                                                                                                                                  ~
                                                                                                                                         II
,I ~\ .-,\.c.1 jYHJ wI";"" ~ ;;.lA.l ~\ \~                J,.;.......:i ~ ji! j.l:>-J ,    ~ -;\           ..,.k. ;USI".JI ;ij'"", ~
                                                                         . .ill.) ; J J';-:::' ~! .:i..pJ1 wi J         ~     4JW1




     ~y.,...\1\ JI ..:;l5....J,-! ;UjAWI :filA'll ,y:. :;~ wu'jl wl~ ..:;jl3...t. Ji ,.::'A.c...)~":;p:...) ~
, ;.\.....cuJlj ~jWI wL.J~\J dy.:.1J.;J\ .>I,..JI w\.c..>ji......oJ ~ ji , .,r.',..JI ->,Ll:..::..jl ~J4-1l1
      ~i Ji ~fo:..Jl ~'JIJ ~Ij ~I wLbI;":-'':lI4) ).;r...:;i J ~~I :;~0,;S:i) ~J
                                                                  . ~I ~I u."l.l:>-J s.,ri.1 wLbI ji!1
       .4JJ1 A..,#.J ul~ ?WI J ;; J¥:. .,J wl..~,...ll JJ'.ll..).c. JyL...J1 ~\":;fo...:;i
            .ll                                                                                                             '"
     ~~'i..l.ojI..\JJ~Jw\~I¥~                             ~wl~t.ly.......J5~..Ii..I..U.,.':lI~                              \'"
                                                     . ~JUJ;,. J .:,yjl.!..J1 .. L,....J, .. \~\ ) ~I :i.S. >"")




~    i#      \..l:!-+i jS..;.:j..) ~ ~I ..ill:i Ji :i.......li. .)~ ~\ ..,1:.             .).):!   ,;.II) ~WI ~I wi.! wl~\
  . ~I ) ..6..:>.) ~J L...:.:i.:...JI ~I ~ ..:;... ':l! 4JL.....:i.....I Ji u."ll ~I .~ ..:;\ ~I )1 ..:;W'I' ~ Ji




                                                                                                                   JJ>:l1 J..a.All
                                                                                           fh! S~I ~':i) ~ ~I




                                                                                                                     :( y,.) iJI...
~..l.)I.Jl1 f'~'i4 ?,j:J.:.bWo.i ",\ ;;~~ Ji t~ ",I ~.Ji ~ ~ J.J.i..- ~ JS
           .. LlWJII~ bJ,;LJ1 ~l ~ ul.i...4I.jA.J'»;w.J ~~ .!U~.J' Ll.J-I l\ I~ ~
                                                                        U




 · ~ u.iU       41 ~i.Ji t.J.;-k.J1.bW".j tji tali! ~ ~.)1IJ;:a...Ji ~ ~ JS
  ~.J ~i .J  i ~l ~l t....1 J ,) SJJr. UA ~ft.= ui , ~ ~ ul~ l.fJ':- ~ .l! t-
   .!Ul: ~ll.t.ll ~ll.Jl1 ~h:,IY!'''il ~ jW1.J ' ~I ul.w'tlll ~.tijL<' ~ t.5.ft i
                        .. ~1~i:J1 .!it ~.J.u. ~ ~I ul:f.:lil\l .J 1bJf.:!.~ ~'JI.J




  ~l ~ ~,.,rJ1   u,.. ~ ~I~ ubl.......l.J ~~I.Ji ~.J ~ ~ ~ j$!to:!
 JI~"I1 ~ 6..0 ~I~ .J1~IJJJi ~~ ~\ ~I ~.JIJ.o ~~...J · ~J~I
 ;;').J~\ J..i.c ~ ~fil.J ~L.iJ1 ~l f'1Ji.:t.1 ol£.ljA ~ ~ .Ji ~I ~~ 4iJ.'.'
                                                        . o.l!llIl o:.iljill.J .)~J.1.I   \.iiJ



.;::I~IJ ul~I..Rt"i1 W j~1 ~I ~ UJl.LiJ\.: ~,J1:aJl ut..........)All.J ulJl,jjll ~ ~
i~1 ~L.u.J ~I ,)JI~I ~ 4J:a!~I.J 1!J.,tli1 ~J ~I ~ U;-tl:i ~ ~I
                                     · ~IJL~ l+i... j~1 ~1..i. ~MIJ ~.,;:JI
     ["'- rJ
     i. .
     ~ (.~.
                             <;..
                             I .~;( , -(
                                          'i.
                                        <;"~"f                    [.
                                                                 \,
                                                                  f           f. .!
                                                                                 (,
                                                                                       f           .       't ,~:'
                                                                                                     , 1I t- ~ .
                                                                                                                 ~. . ~                                          \;
     ~~'~
     t f l.    0' . '



           <j.. -
                               ~
                             ~ ~' t f'
                             t f.c.l
                                          ,; ,
                                           J>    -

                                                                 t
                                                                 ~

                                                                 t
                                                                  -           f '~
                                                                              1'."
                                                                              ~  -
                                                                              ,t'~:
                                                                                                   'f:
                                                                                                    -  f
                                                                                                   '<..t,' ,-'   1:
                                                                                                                 ~
                                                                                                                                                                 .f.
                                                                                                                                                                 .f
                                                                                                                                                                 ~

     it' f'k
     ~ ~~'
     id'
     11 <: ~t[
                     (',       ~f:f
                               S.
                              's·": \            '_              ~                ~.
                                                                                  (. ~
                                                                              '."r-f, - t
                                                                                                      -r"
                                                                                                   {t.L.f
                                                                                                   i.:t.,
                                                                                                   [, ~ -1;            ::~ t
                                                                                                                                                                 (.
                                                                                                                                                                 ~
                                                                                                                                                                 [
       . f.
     -' c:                   f lE ~
                             \., [. '-
                             '_ - -
                                                                 ~'
                                                                 -                     f~~                               ,<=
                                                                                                                         '~                                      1
     l~"'-~                  ~ ~f'                               ~             ~f ~r~\~
                                                                                                           L'
                                                                                                                                                                 ~
                                                                                                                                                                 .r:
     i;;:' ~ L
     !f. E~'"
     ,                        [. { a ,
                              ~ -~
                                 (,'
                                                                 {
                                                                 -
                                                                              .r t' t ''S£'. .~ t~ ~'
                                                                               ..                                                                                 r..
                                                                                                                                                                 ~.
                                                                                                                                                                 "".
     c;: · f \               [[ [.f.                                              ~'f
                                                                                                                                   !
                                                                 f                  [,             -= '- . r. of -
                                                                                                                 'fA
                                                                                                                                                                 ~

     Ir-'
     ):.. ~. ~ .
                             It 'l;.ff
                             ~ ~ i f'                        :E i
                                                                 .
                                                                                  ~t i
                                                                                                   \
                                                                                                         ,1 -= { ,['
                                                                                                          ~l
                                                                                                                  t                            :[
                                                                                                                                                             o    ('


                                                                                                                                                                  g;
                                                                                                                                                             '(' <..
                 ~
      ~.. i- t~. -           ~ 'i.. h [,                     t~ fi            ~}                                        ,t'~
                                                                                                   t
                    ·               . .   ~      L.          ~                         ~                         <..                           ·             !


     .:. t· c. 1
            -
                              <.. <..     ',-
                             ~ 1;': 'f '6:.                      '\..
                                                                              .t'~
                                                                              r..
                                                                                                   .
                                                                                                   0'

                                                                                                   \-,
                                                                                                           .;-!.
                                                                                                           'fA
                                                                                                           ~
                                                                                                                 ~
                                                                                                                  -
                                                                                                                        rL   <..
                                                                                                                                                   -
                                                                                                                                                   (.
                                                                                                                                                   f
                                                                                                                                                              - t'
                                                                                                                                                             t.! E
~ Et~£
o    ~

-. ' ': -
 i; ;. L. CO ~
                           . , <..'~ <.. \-
                           (fl-i't
                            ~ -~ ,
                                                             i'"t
                                                                g (..         [

                                                                              ~'i
                                                                              ~' ,
                                                                                       ~           [<..

                                                                                                   ~ &,t'["
                                                                                                   ~ '£-1 't
                                                                                                        .
                                                                                                    ' [.._ } -
                                                                                                                        (,


                                                                                                                             t
                                                                                                                                 ~
                                                                                                                                               t
                                                                                                                                                             ~(.
                                                                                                                                                             ~ff
n f ~ 'e. [,
       ,E~
t ._. E: :: ~
             -

            ..
                           ~ · · ~.
                           ~..~ E - ~. -
                           , L Ir .... · 1>
                           ~ 1 .~ 1· . ,~, r·         .
                                                             t ,~'..
                                                             -

                                                             .
                                                               ~  0'
                                                                              .:~
                                                                              IE
                                                                                t  ,
                                                                                              ..
                                                                                                   ~ .f.f'"
                                                                                                          <..


                                                                                                          -
                                                                                                   l~·-! <.. <...!f, --
                                                                                                                     ..
                                                                                                                             0                 tE
                                                                                                                                               <..
                                                                                                                                               [
                                                                                                                                               ,: \
                                                                                                                                                             i ~:
                                                                                                                                                             i~
.~

t' t!
~ ~
-
     <..
           t l' f'"r-
         t;'<j..
           ,-.
      _.....


           -   ~';
                           -
                    L::;·...
                                -                     -...
                                                 -.~"~''::
                                                             -L


                                                            ..
                                                   ... ,~'~ r,
                                                   r-
                                                              L.'-'
                                                                  """.
                                                                              ~


                                                                        l!. r'"r
                                                                        CO'
                                                                        . : _~
                                                                                  t·~
                                                                                              -
                                                                                           '....
                                                                                              ~..
                                                                                                      <..
                                                                                                       ,

                                                                                                                                 . ,.
                                                                                                                                          ~
                                                                                                                                        ...-
                                                                                                                                            v



                                                                                                                                         .r-' [
                                                                                                                                        --=-
                                                                                                                                              _
                                                                                                                                               l        t
                                                                                                                                                        _.
                                                                                                                                                                  -(
I' 'm                  I:                                                                                                              w                                  r             g;. .               1"1                    W'
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   1&




    ,
  ,L.
      (


      fi 't.~                         ~'('
                                      G.                           c·"
                                                                                   -
                                                                                       t'
                                                                                                       __

                                                                                                   l - ' ; ' " ~'
                                                                                                 C fl
                                                                                                            ~
                                                                                                                 G
                                                                                                                 -
                                                                                                                       .~
                                                                                                                       \0'

                                                                                                        ~ f C.. ~~': ~10
                                                                                                             tI. . . . _t-
                                                                                                                              L            0-

                                                                                                                                                           ~.    t'
 '-' ~
                                                 I                 !f
                                                                   f               ! .
                                                                                       -:-       ,[
                                                                                                                                                           ~~                               ~"'"
  t-             (::
          .~ .....
                                      rr-
                                      ~.V
                                       I   'f    0'

                                                <..
                                                <...                    ·          L
                                                                                   1'\
                                                                                       E:
                                                                                                 -,'   't    ,I

                                                                                                                       C'
                                                                                                                       r...
                                                                                                                        F"'
                                                                                                                              t ~. t..
                                                                                                                                -                _         .,' c.:
                                                                                                                                                                                            t!'1:-'
  ~·.f F
  <...r:
             .....     ·              ~
                                      ~ I e \ ; ~~"t 1
                                      l.   E' ~
                                                                   C'.
                                                                   'r_
                                                                   ,f"           ~
                                                                             [' <..
                                                                                                 I   ,._

                                                                                                 ,t ' t'            ~ 1£~ c'.
                                                                                                                          ~
                                                                                                                         c;
                                                                                                            ,t' .b' ~ .. '~
                                                                                                                                                <..
                                                                                                                                                          ''''1
                                                                                                                                                          ,t
                                                                                                                                                                                            (.,
                                                                                                                                                                                            -'fv      -'<"


                                                                                                                                                                                                ~,t. t
                                                                                                                    <..
                                                                                                 ·V r
                                                                                                                                                           ~r
                                           <A \ .                  .'              -,
  - ~ It                              f:                                                                t.. ~. r;, t. ~
                                                                                                                                                                                                ~\..~.
  f~ 1.;
  g; t . .                            i ~f r... 'f ~ ,t :. ·-f'.f.,
                                      -<A r· c: ~- ';:;'i
                                                     ,
                                                                   "t                                                                      ~ 't,
                                                                                                                                           t.. · .f'
                                                                                                                                           '-
                                                                                                                                                           - _.
                                                                                                                                                          t~·                                   E~'i
                                                                                                                                                                                                <..'         t;,
                                                                                                                                                                                                             ,}>-,




  t )-:~,\ ~r~ .-t ~ i-                                                      ~
  <.. <..               -             I                ,                                                                                         L
            n 't                      .,. (.                           ;..      ':!.                                          c.
                                                                                                                                                                                                ~~.·f·
                                                                                                 1>-'"                                     r;-
                                                                       ~                             [, t; ['. ~: ~,'r...
                                                                                                 "=- ~ \- r: (P \-. . '!..
      0'                                                                                                         00'    -
                                                                                                                                                           ;         Cv
                 E
                 [~.            .     - 'r q:
                                         ~ r                                 ~ \i
                                                                             ,t' .~              '&-                               1"
                                                                                                                                                           ~'t.
                                ~ ~~                                   ;;~' ;-                   -~.                    ~': '~              t~.                                                 ~ s; '~ .
                                                                       f-
  ...:
                                                                             k ,r-. \. ~,p                              , [,. ~
                                                                                                                          ~;;              v.             l: (                                  ~.    L
                                                                                                                                                                                                t' 'r,.
                                                                                                                                                                                                            \::,


       ~ ~ ~ ,~                                                    l.... ~ ~. - - - fi c· r. . t
                                                                          - - ~ [ I; .
  ,t'
   ~
                                                                       1;'
                                                                     . . . . . . t.. _ _
  ~ t' 'r '~ [, ~ ~
                                           f-'                                                                                                                                                              L


                                                                                                                                                           tf                                   .~
                  to ' - " .
                                                                                                                                                                                                    h        t'
   -                   n        .     'r                           Ci - .;               1.                                                                                                     -\.. <..
                                                                                                                                                                                                      ~,

  ~, '- -t:fi ~ -;:;
      -                     \ t! L L
                                   ...           II'

                                                           i-':'. /['t· (: ~ f h .<r.: }
                                                                   - --           tL:            I     <..         '
                                                                                                                        r     <.. 1> 1>'
                                                                                                                                                           :6
                                                                                                                                                           I '.
                                                                                                                                                                 !
                                                                                                                                                                                    ·

                                                                                                                                                                                    t -~li'
                                                                                                                                                                                                C,


                                                                                                                                                                                                                         1
  .~ t -~ ,[''m: f thot t.t.~ ct~ f"~ r::" ~: .f. :~ ~ '-.
  ~ -                                                                  C, f: ~ .          ,F ,~                                                                                         '- E,
     :t.'
                               'Ci'    I   ct· \           ,tv \'.           0'                              <..        I     [','
                                                                                                                                                           .~~                      -           <..
                                                                                                                                                                                                0' ~~'C:
                                                                                                                                                                                                          -'<"
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          .
  t...[
  ~.
           f' ~ ~ 1 ~ " C
      - L- t- !        ~           -, '1~
                                   ~  ,<..
                                    ......
                                                           (...c.
                                                            -!l
                                                              ~    '
                                                                              ''1. , . -"
                                                                             --LL<r.,                              '~'-s;- ._
                                                                                                                   : '1. r;' [,                            c£\
                                                                                                                                                           Cf;       c,
                                                                                                                                                                                     s;
                                                                                                                                                                                    J ,:t.       [  ......
                                                                                                                                                                                                      !      G
                                                                                                                                                                                                            c.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         \::
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         ~.


                 Cj:·t                     _...:.              -             t' <r." ;- £!                   "          -. <r." _, '!..
                                                                                                                                                                                    1~'l: f                              l:
  ~~ l'~ f f' l~'~t'&~' l~: E ~ f ;~fl:.'t=' 'f. !~[' ~ t ~:~ ~
                  "'~'                                                                                                                          'f,
                                                                                                                                                           '~
                                                                                                                                                           ~r
                                                                                                                                                           c.4:
                                                                                                                                                                     &'
                                                                                                                                                                                          t!    .~ C,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          C,
                          ~
      t         '<.. <..                                   I                 L                                          f.         1:,- <..                                         <..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          fi
                                                              1.
                      t       \ '\8                                L         11\       I                I                     1    L
   r-.                                                             ~.
  ·               'L

              __ r-1' C - - - - I.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                         t
                                                                                                                 - -- - ' (... Is-
      t..
      - ",-
                  I

                                                                  ~
                                                               t' ,
                                                                   -


                                                               -,- ""'-'
                                                                       -
                                                                             G'r-1           -   _.[
                                                                                                       ~
                                                                                                                          ..:t:<...
                                                                                                                              c    ~
                                                                                                                                           ~C
                                                                                                                                                           'f: [,
                                                                                                                                                           :r
                                                                                                                                                           ~<..
                                                                                                                                                                     fi             11: F£'
                                                                                                                                                                                    ~.~,~ . .(I.
                                                c
                                                                       ~                                                           ._-
                                                                                                                                   1;-
                                                                                                                                       r;, ,_ ~'
                                                                                                                                             ,. fl-
                                                           ....
                                                                                                                                                       ~ ~1:                  ..     c, r::                          -
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ~
                                                           L                                                                                                                                              c,~,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         l
             v
                                                           <..,
                                                                                                                                                                              --;    ~~. fi                 L.       :
                                                                                                                                                           Ei
                                                                                                                                                       .5
                                                                                                                                                        F 'i'.~               . r-. -"E:r .r-' ~
                                                                                                                                                                              ~.:
                                                                                                                                                                                ·   Li<"<r.
                                                                                                                                                                                    ~
                                                                                                                                                                                    t"
                                                                                                                                                                                      '.. ~
                                                                                                                                                                                                                     -
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               t
.::.a1)·~"i4 ~l ~"J\ ~ wI..:: ~ ~)I Jl WI~ .;Ijill .lli.:il ~ .;~"il U!'-::u.):
                                                                        :~I




 W~\l!1 1.lA ",lS.::I.i u\.;Y-" ~ ~\l!1 ~"Il Ji .::.aLJ.W, Ji .::.ale Jy!..J1 ~~i ~ .'
     I~ J..a.a.ll C::.;L:i 6A ti.... j~ "i Sjii ~ '" ~ ~I ~I ~! I~ wi
  "I .::.ai...!..:i...J\ ",I .::.ale "'~\ l>.lA !!I~ ~ 6A ~I ~"'Il ~ ~I.;..\", 6'-H 6~1
                                                                               .~"II
   ~ ~).fo!J ~ljlI ~ 6A .\SllIIJ .::.aL....I.;.l.I1 o.lA ~ ~I ~I u-lfo . T
     ~l Lfs.iji ~ 4-:1! ~1.;.l.IIJ wl+.JI J~J ~...)L:i 6A ~ ~ ~ w~"\l!1 \41
                                                              _~~~~I
~I.,.t\ ":"1jl.l~'iIJ J:!o:'IJllI , .;~ ~ jJ4-Z "i ijii ~ , ~I ~1.;.):1 _r
 ~JiJ.'1\ ":"~I,JAlIJ ~IJ ~I ~ J.91ji:i ~ i~1 y.:..t...a ~ W.t ~jli.:il
                                                                 -·'"1 4..U..~ S...,.... .J ~I
                                            · I.!lli .l.J.Zl t,.J.;tW..
                                                       '"                    -.11 ·":&11     ·




     UiI,JAl1 ~ ~..,:ul ~"'il Ji .::.aWt..i..J1 J\ ..:..lc Jy!..J1 y~1 rlJ1! »:H           .'
     o.lA us:- ~W\ ~.;tJIJ UJ~1 u~IJA J...d.; s*i jl.1~ , ~ ~Ji.14
t"'~ \$1 ~ ~I~ u,..1JM~ ",i IJM~ ~ J.JA~ ",I                         #      ~.jlj e~'" ~I ~
~b.U ~I~I ~I ~ o~ "liill ~I ~I ~ JJWI o~ c) ~ ol.!U... ",I
t",~1 ~\....c:I t"1j:.l1 ~J.4", ~""Ull \'::M,I~~I",.6~ ~.>JI ~~I", ~ t~'" (.).4
                                        · UJ.il1l11~ lii", ~~I ~\j:.I~~1 j\.i.jl", I.A 'Jiii!




                              -;II,~I·~·\I· ~ .... \.-II.l.I ·~~lul .... II4!1.S Ie.
 y ~~luL...I.\A....6\,A J ~ -r- .....-,.,... (.)0" I,;" - - . u-o:-- ~"'JI
             ..;- ~ -                                                                  -"0"'::"'" cs-
                                                                         . oWJ..J1 ",i eJ~ ~I

                                                                                       &I)I~'




vl! ~i ",I O.lL.. 4!1...4! ~I u,.. ~ ~ ui ij,JAA ",I ~ ~ JSJ j~                              .'
                 ·~ u-l! ~~ ~I ~I~I", ~"il 6Yt ~ t.ul:ill
  ~I..A ~ I, ~I ~, \,AJJ.:Io.j ojii ~ ~ ~I ~IJJ.; ~1,.-fJ.: . Y
Ji,Si ",i OJL. .ut...aJ ~ .1J.i1~1 ~ JJ · l+:11 ~ ~I '-:I~'ijJ ~ ~I
                     · ~L.....JI OJLJI c) JJj LJ ~ ~)'I ",i ~I ~ l...w'W1 ~!
    -.?~I t~I J\ t..1....J\ .l1.jAl1 ~,; ~~ (.SolA NJ''i ~i 0A ~I ~ ~ · \
¥       t:.P ~Li. .Ji t..~ ~ ($1 ~ ~I ~\..&.,1....~lI ~ ul ~.lL.JI l)~ ~ iJ~
- ~)I ~\~I 4..h....,1~ ~I ~'1AI~IJ ~~J ~\ Ji O.lL.J1 ~lj.,.s....J
                                                            : ..ill~ 0AJ
                                ~I .J A...I....JI .l1··11 ~. \
                               ·.                    J - ·· ~,
                   . Jl:..m ~Ju...J ~I .) ~.lL.JI l)~ 9-~!J J~\                                T
         u~ )~'i\ ~ ~J~J -.?;pJ1 t~l ~ ~\ ~ ~J~ (.SolA                                        ."
                                                                             .~;pJ\
. ~\ ~.J~ ~I J\ ~IJ A .):;'i'l'~1 u~1 ~ ~Lw..ll ~L.....,l\                                    ,t
                                 .l+l~I.jJjJ .. If~tJj~ld~ .~
                                   .~J.J~ ~I (.S~ (.S~\ u\..&~ ~i . '\
~      .,jl:i.i~' 1 ·· It"-J._~11 · -:t\ul..-· 1a · t l......u1:J LI_-:'~IL_I\ ..'i.'i                     y
  ~ ~        ~J "t\":!"""" .r-- ~ ~         .,-- ,....-J ~                 -.......... ~..r-           ·
 -.?~I ~ J\ , 4o!11ls ufo wi ~I Ji S..PJI Ji A...I....JI ~.l~ ~II.:IJ~I
                                                                     · O.lL.JII)~ ~ t.i~
.!ills   Wfo wi ~I Ji ~)WI Ji 4....1....J\ .)1.,..31      ww.: u~ji ~ ~I 4+U ."
         ~I ..»,I\.ul\ w~ ~Li. Ji 4....~ ~ ~I ~) .l1.,..31 .,~ ~ t.i~ ~l:i.i! t.i i J\
                     · ~\ ~ .l1.,..31 I).l. J~I Ji j-P.-J 0A ~'i\ J\ ~ tA~u;j1 ~




  t-I....JI Ji o.;h:rJI jl.,...J4 ~ ,;,1 · .,;'.II.t..lW1 ~ ~.lLA ~i [I.)j! 9-IJj.,ll ~ .).) Ij)           ,
         ~J ~ A..\J    I   ~~ J:r.ll.l.':i 0A .,ju;j\ ~ LA.;l: 4"j1i.!ills U.J.S:i wi ~ J\
                                                      .            : ~~I ju.JI (Jt.1~1
    l$i Ji ~.j.ji Ji &t Ji ~I~I        Ji ~ Ji jl~'i ~~I Ji ~\ ~\ · \
                                                       · ~.lL.JI l)~ J.;1.l.':i
         .,~ J.;1,lj ($,1.J i &jji Ji &t Ji f'\~\ Ji ~ Ji .ll~ ~~I · T
                                                                               · o..)L...\1
 ~ ~\.l.':i J\ tA.)~ ~I ~ ~y.4i j'p'-:! ~I .)1.,..31 ul.»1jj .Ji u~ ."
                                                    . ~\ J~    uc- oJj~ (.S~\ OjLA
                                                      ~I ~\..&\J bJ~.J ~ · t
          o~I u~1 ~~                   wi ~ U=UI ~.lL.JI  I)~ ulJP.;JIJ u~\ .~
                                                    . · ~ ~..l):&....ll .J\ oj~IJ
                            . ~~ I.?~l ~\Jj ;Jt.J1 Jli 3 i ~~.k3.;-J. .'
                                            · ~.lL.J1 l).l. ~~ J ~ · V
         ~'iJ w.J.!llll I~ f"~'J ~ ~J.J~ ~I (.S.~ (.S~i J::I:I1.l:i ~j .A
                                                                            ...
                                                                            ~.4iU.\,
    WiJ ~      P    Ji b~      l$i jl.liJ).!ilj~!   '.J'=',lj ~4-wi ~~1.S Ij) ~'.)j.,.tl ~ . T
                                                                                              . ~.fo
                 · ~)' ;.l.,;~1 ~ ~,                  .:»i.;1il' ~ .l.).J LA w~ ul)jili y!W ."
JI Ji..iJi &: Ji ~~JI ~JI JI~~ji~ tJJ~1 Ji ~~ tJl~..>iJ:!
         ~I ~\ ).la.i.\.1 ~ ~ ul ~ JI o.;hi. Ji 4...l.w OJL.l ~I JjIJ.J Ji ~jji
.LaL.... ~JL.l' .,1\ ..:.uts l,j! L... ~ ~ ~IJ ' .u~ ..::w ,1\ 4,';~ ~J-J.?."..Jl ":"L...~
                                                                                  . i.;hi. Ji



  ~I ":"~I J\ ~t.....J1 JI iJ::W1 .)I~I JJI.G1 Ul.J1 ~I;JJI JI~! ~I ~I ~
             :~~I ~J ~J i 6J.I-W"~ ~.)ji ~ <?'J o.lL.l1 ~~ ~ tJ~

                      · ":"lA~1 ~~ ("jiN ~            <?I uu;. ~I J\ JI.,..Jl ~         ·\
                                        . '+: r-.:i:l ~) ~\J ulA~1 ~ ~IJA · Y
                            · iJ::W1 J\ ~t.....J1 JI~I ~ (),\lJ).-l1 ~\"w''il ~ ."
                                                         . 4JJ\,lj C~I U~'.l.jJ.:lo · t
                  · J\~I ~ ('.,......JI ~ji (.$,w Ji iJ.,w.. t'J;Ail cW <?' ul,.I~,!I ."
                .                     - -.11 ~ I,.....,.- U'" ~ ~ u.:J-t< j'·" JAJ ~ · '\
                  S..;..,....... J i f'.r-..
                       _\".:.11                  A N.:.·      .. ,\11).'· .11 <1   1.1- ~'I


                                                                                     :(o.) oJL.




u l ~ Ji i.;hi. J\ ~ bollA ~ ~lA~ ~ (.$~l ~ ~i JI ~ ('J1::.: V- JS.l
                            · ~J"'" ~.li.tJ1 ":"L..~\ ~ 1~ ~ Ul .!Uls UJ.S.j

  iA.l.u.:i ~1 u'iWI ~ ~I ~I               J.:i (.j.A ~I ":"L..~ jl-~,!I JJ::I..; .. .!llj ~
                                                                   : ~I     u'lbJi ~ ~uJ

                                          · i.)WI .,~ JL...a.:W\ U~ .t..I...lI uL..~1 ,\
                                         · ;JWI o~ ~ J..la:ill uL.o'i1 ~~I · r
   , iA~ ~ 'i tJ.lJ1 J.ll14 SJL.l1 o.ifJ ~'J ~'l:t;.,.ilIJ ~l ~IPJ\ ."
                                         .If..i.4 0-4'i1 ~I Ji &JL.t.l1 .,~   .»-ij    J.,.,b . t
                                          . 4J ~IJ ~IJ ~I ~l....IJ"u\ ."
4-a1.i31 ~JI.......iJ\ ~ ~ Ji J....LtJI ~ ~ ~ ~u~ s:.L...i::l.!'i1 6L5. Ij! . '\
                                                            · .:.au~1 .,~ s:.Li:ir.! ~



  Ji J~J! J\ JI~III~ Ji ~ ~ IIi Ji ~ J\ ~ ~ ~i ~ i.il.b.. J:b..:
  ~ J1.!. \$~ 4-i.A ~I Ji ~I.a...!i'il Ji LUI JI S.):DJI ~\..:Li.ill U:!Ji.:i Ji J'fo! Ji u!J
                                                                                  41
                                                                                       ~IWI
                                                                                       ""III' ...




~I}b~ JJj.il1 Ji 4i~li'iI.,\.;AII~! ~I ($.ft.\ J.iL.....J ~i Ji .:.a1~1 Jl <.)l....J1 ~ J:b..:
         Ji J....t.... J\ op .:.aLjJ..i ~..:.u'L5. Ij) J~ ~ ~I ~'il ~I~I JI ~~I
. ,,:-,IJollI ~ -Ual.,... JL:J ~IJJ..tl1 ~ tJ.4 ~ 6~~J 4J"U1 u~ UiJ 'il ~~!



      JI.,.. t'-~\ ~u,JS.A i~ ($~J t.w1.u~1 u,. ~J .t.....1.)~ ~I ~I fifo
           ~J ~ 4JJ I .:.a\..:Li.ilIJ .tJ.iUIJ ~I u~IJ ti.)~1 .,t.;.. ...i.:t~J ~L..i.ll
                                                                       : ~'lI1 j\.i.:il ~~I

             . ~I 6J~ ~I ~I ~ ~ J....L..i.l1 u..~ ~I.,... J.:.W .'
   Ji ~ JI l+L~J u~l.i.iJIJ l..Lt...JIJ ~I .:.alili....J1 0-4 ~I bJ.;J.J J.>b ."
                                 · ~~I o\.;AI1 "'" JS..!. til: 4-i.A ~I J\ If.L...,p:i
     , ...i.:t~II~ o~ tJi ~ Lf.:i.)J~ ~II.S~ ~I iSfi."J1 .»r1J:il1 jWI . r
                    · ~J .t.....1· .11 ~ . ~ ..r--, ~I ......-:""..,.-J
                      ......-:11    .;- iI.lL .. 1- .tl .1 t.':'j      L ... II k-·
          : ~ ~ ~I;J'JI ~~\ ~Ij ~W\ ~L........,:,..J\J ~\ ~IJ)1\J ~I ~JljJ ~

~,;1\ ,:'A.s~! ~ l+oJfl ~I 4..,~\ ..\~I ~ ~I 4..J~.., ~l.....3. bJy1 ~\J..\) .'
         uIJ}JIJ JJJ¥l1 Jjb. J)I.i.l....IJ ~I~I Ji u~ 4.l Cy4Al1 AJ:i1.'iIJ
')1"... (..IA.u:~ r4: lA ~ J\ plJ ~I Jij J,Jl......J I!ll~ ~ t...: (,$.fo"11 ~I
     JI~,!Ilf.:;lc ~fo '1 ~I ~~I Ji....,joIl f'1~1 '-.s~1 b~ uk- J · ul;Li.i J\
                                                                                 . Wu
                                                                                    ....
     .;I~~I tllj! u~ ~1j:J'iIJ ~I..P.JI bJ~1 .\ji.tJ1 b~ ~ Oi uk- J.u.ll . T
                       ; , .LII4..J~".II.·.c. ~ ·· I""-~.r-
                      · ~         .~ 1.1"""
                                                    .. !<-. · ·· ':tl.!U.l5 ,:I ,\ .. 1\
                                                                           J ~




     .lJ~ jJ~ i$~ i~ (,$.fo\ ~ ~ ~iJ ~I t~ ~I .l.w::I)1 ~~ ~jj.t
                              · ~I ~I ~~ ~ ~.,tJ1 4.;.l.l1+! C~I




  J\ uu;:. Jy!.AJ\ yb...o\ f'ljl! ~I .l.w::I,;ll ~WI ~I ~!       ljW:t'iL: ~ J.P.-;! .'
       i)~ 0C- ~ ~I ue,Jl..JtJ U:!~I u~l..,.. ~.J oJf.:!.\ ~ ~":ll
  I>~ y....;\.l:i J...,...JlJ · J\....Q)JI I~ ~~ ~IJ w~ Jll:...., ~":llJ wu;:. ..,y!....J1
                                                      .~I~!~i~JS~1
 b~i ~jiJ J:.I.;.J.'; t...:aUJ1J J....WI.:..U;:.J~1 S~t...- ~...JiiJl ~ j'p'-;! . f
j.:..1..ui ~ W.!U (F- ~J.;..-JI J.lIJSlI "r:!J.l:iJ ~L...JI bpI ~ Lf.J.lJ JWw..l1 ~)I
                                                     · uU;:. J~I ~ ~ uk- ~.;WIJ



  ~I ~~ liiJ ~joIl ,.Ui.iJ1 ~ ~ ~I ulf.:!J1 ~ I!1ljWi'iL: ~I ~
       · ~I ~I~,J , ~I .Jl..dJ'i1 ~).6! ~ ,~I .1.w:l)
 ~I A.:~I ~\..:A ~ J..:...:"il iS~1 ~J ($i Ji t..al""" Ji ~ Ji ~j4l.ll j~ "i
 J\ uL-J1 ~ ~ 14 ~ ~I ~J.l.l1 ~IJ .v:;.ljoiJl JI ~I ~ljoiJ\ ~ 1.3)
                                                                · ..i~IU~I~\




                                                                     :('\ t)   ~jLA


  c:,;LLJ ~Lj'J\ .b~J J1+i'J1 ~ ~~I .;J1..r..4AJ1 w..- ~J:Io.+U ~\ ~;.t j~ "i
~ ;~I ~ clW ~.u. Ij}J -wl.,>i'JIJ ~~I ':"4:$jllIJ ul..!.:w.1IJ ~I ...L~I
                        · .jfJlu.J ..u;.1",i w..-l.tIJJ ~ J.':il W liiJ ~~I ~J
                                                                                     :(\ '\) oJl.o


       ~.)~ ~"I1 ~~I J,i.IJ Uo.!..J Ji.i j~ "I IJ..;:JI ~.JAl1 Ji:.w, Ji .5L JS ~ ~
        ~ ~I ~~I ~ wi ~.,.tll ~ ~I .uJa.w1 ~~.,s... o.3lA u.;yAi ~ .)~
                                              u
    ~J · ~.,s...J1 o.3t..J1 t~ ~ t~1 ~ i ~.J · t.Jl!1 I~ W-" ~~ t,?1 ;.!.,,~ J~\
                                · u.;~1 ~ ~J.:lo. <illl .3.b..4l1 ~I~\ ~.JAlIJ ~).:iJ\J .:J~\




                                                                                 ~I J.) .
                                                                                 ·   01.3)'1




    · ~. ~I i!I.t ~ ~J 1.:1+1 ~~I ~ l.." f ~'WI I~ ~ ~JI
                             ,,31                                                   J.t. .'

-   Ji iy..b "I ~J-" ~ ~~ .!:J.J.l:lo. ~ ~~I ~ ~ ~J';"- ~\...1.i J.t. ."
                                             · " Uo.!..J Ji.i o~i "IIJ.):~""



                  : ~"J4 ~l:iIl ~I ~~I ~ ~ ~"J J.:lo.I Ji ~I ~ j~

    ,)~I j:;.IJ Ji t....:1.;.l1 ~ ~.t1J1 ~I .3lyJl JI,iiWI J!IJ-" ~ J\ ~ "I ~~ .'
                                                                                n~
                                                                 .~~            ... "11
                                                                   ·   "4 ...
           ~IJ ySljAl\ ~ ~ ~112J.;JJ1 .1.W ~I u~\J ul.;ljAll .)I~! . Y
P'Ij:iN1 .!J.,rJ1 u.o ~I 4..A.b..w1 ~ &~\ J\ ~~I ~I..I (.ril..,..ll ~~I
                 . ~jAll I~ Sw ~ t;jl.,....u Jillj ~i JI ~..,.wl ..IlyJ\ I...i.:~ ~ l.f.:I




                                                                                   :(V . ) O..lL..


  ~I u\..IAA.l\ t~..I~ wi ~I u~1 ~ ~ ~J.).l.:t.i Ji ~I 4+ll ~
~ ~\ ..>#- ~\jAll t\~\ ~ Jilli ~.)~I ~ ~\ ySljAlll.f.:l ~ wi ~
 0-- .illjJ · .!J.,tJI (.)A 4uJ1 UbWI ~ H Ji ~\ (.ril..,... ~ ~I ~.)~\
                                                                     .~~lfo~~1




                                                                                   :(V t ) ~JL..
       LSji.1 uLAI.>J1 ..,\ ~I.ft.ll ~ .l:I~ f"~'" (V T') ;JlAl.\ \l!.., ~I~I ~j ~          u.:. c)
<L.19 ~I ~ ~I &~ ~ L..-.H ~).., ~ ~ ~.., UJ-I"1ll1 I~ '-:I+.JA: U:..:i..-
      ~1,.1y!"! j\..i.:j\ ~ ~ Jlj..a ~ l......lAA ..,i <l:'J~..,\ ~~I tH ~I ~ j~
        · ~L..a.1 ~Ul\ FI J~J A'A,,'i ..,411 ~I J~..,. u.jXil1 ,.lS.:..'J ill.., ~ ~\J




                                                                                    JJ"II J..4il1

                                                                        ~\~,                Ul..b.l....



                                                   ~\:i.\.. ..... tl~WI A"~.-;6..A                  ~ ·
                                               ·    ~       ~              ···      .r-"'~




                                                   . ;):UJ\ ul;Li.ill u-i.jl.9 # JJIJ.:j .'
                                                                     J:11! y.ia.o.l:3Wi.i    · \'
                   . ~I ~>JI ~ J~I                  UJJ ~ ~ eJ.;J.....,i;W-i.. ."
                                                             · UJ-IUlI ~ u..~                .£
                  · ~I u~iI..,i ~I Ul:i~IJ ~MI.., ~..r.J1 i\.pJ1 ~ JI~I · t>
. U,JJ1. i..fI I~ ,.lS.:..i iliii} Jla.Z ~I ~~I ..,1 ~t:i"'I.., ~jiJ' ~ J~I,.Jt:. . 'i




    /"4lI1 ~ ~I ~ ~ ul:/li.iJ1 ..,1 JI.,..JI J\ ~"JI Jl uu:. ..,~I ":'~\ ~
  ~J' ~I 1.lA ,.\.hi '>JAii: ~I ~JJy.4J1 uu~l.., uLA~ raA.l:IJ~J ~~
                                                            :~~(j4~I~..,~
                                                                                    ~IJ,.aII




I~ bJ).jl1 f'LS.::..'i1 Utt..i... AlJ;i ~ Ji ~.)y.a ..!.il~! v!~! JI ~ ~ 6A JS
    Ji OJ~ 'JJ:y-. ~ S~I ~1ji.U J\ <l1 ~ S.)Jl.w:U1 ~I)ji.tl Ji c;J1.jll1 J16.jlll1
     ~.lsJ · .)Iy.a'il o.lA ;iJIJI JI ~ (.P 4UJI ~I ~ (.P oJi. ~ 6A~
 LA ~I .).;-411 (.P ~! ~ ~J · jly.a'il o.1A ~ ~fo .)j ~I ':"i...4J~
                                                                                               :~




                                                                                        :(A.)oJL..

 ;.1A.l1   ·
           ~   Wu; W::UI 1.1-....,... WUJI ($,J"'"
                ....)     "_4':{1 ,',Co        .c..I.1I.hi....:i ~ " t.WI   ~I.,... (..)4 9- u.t.....1
                                                                               .111' .
           "                                                            · 6J.-l'W1 ~ SJ.1::a..Al1



.).S:i 4L u.-a tl~~ ~1.).;-41I..!.iIJ.30."i ~llli ~U;:.JyJ...J1 ~Ijl! ~I ~ J~
                                                                  · ~I .;Iy.a'il ~




                                                                                       :( AI") iJL.
     ~j1t oJlA u.;~ ~J:ljll J1i S~I Ji IJ~ ~.)4 Ji ojllb .1\ ~ J\ ~j04LP .),w, \j)
        Ji O.)oith.1I Ji ~\ J\ ~JAolI.mol Iilll.. ~ ~J':"'-w.z ~~I.J.4 ~I ~I ~
;; .;.;l.JI ~jbJi ~ 4h 'i .... 11 ~~jLJ4 ~~;1I Jlll o~'il I.!l.t Ji ~.."..JI .mj ~W Ji Iilll..
                                                                          · WJ-IUlI (Al5.::t.'i illJ

                                                                                   .:.J1..lIi ~I




~I.,J.lIJ ol9LllI ~ljlllJ ~)'I ~.;.J'JI ~ ~ va~ J.J.\ ~jk:. !J4 ~)'I f'J&. ~
 ~ Ji (Ali !J.)~I Ji ~ ~ JS u~ .. ~~'il (.):.iljlllJ 6J.lUl\ I~ ~l5.::t.'i ~")iiiH
 \.)~ ~~U ~I ~.)~\ ~ "I.jf-ll J\ ~jil\ Ji ~~I ~ i~ 6j.jL. oJlA !Ji U:!~
      · ~~I ~JWI ~~~ ~1 ~ ~Ij1.... ~ c:.P .l:!jj ~;~ ~ ~ ~




6Jllli I~ f'l5.::t.'i ~ ~ ~\ ~~I c:.P t ~)'I ~I ~ ~~.1 JI)~ j..?;!
    ~)jS.ll ~ ~ ~I ~~I OJ&.l.....A .m~J ' ~I ~~ ~ ~~i (.):.il,,! ~i Ji
                     . ~I ~ ~ ~I jI~'ilJ ~I"I~~I jJlj)' Ji 4)"))1




        ~ ~I o~'ilJ ~I .s...bl~ ~I LP jJ~1 u~I ~~ ~
    , ~I ~Ij04 ~ ~ 4) i):'1 ~~I.1 JI.JAli ~J! ~ J..u.ll ~I.).lll ul.)Ji.JIJ ~lWl
   'J...a.U ~.)All .)JI~I ~.ft.ll ~\ f'~ ~ 4..a,a;'hl1 .1A\L.cJI JoI~.1 "WU! ~ J.u.lIJ
                                                                              .~I




   ~.,,:ill ~I ..H J:!~ ~ J..u.l' JWj'i'.1 ~.,,:illJ f'~)'1 LP ~J~I ~~I ~ ~
  ~.,:i f'~)'1 s~i ~J' 4JAolIJ S"JJi.JIJ ~~I f''js;.)'\ Jil...1 ~ ~ 4)i1.,1\
                                  . ~\ ~ ~I,j:.i (A.b.: ~ 4....aliJIJ t.,WI ~I..H
                                                                                                                     .t'                   ,"'                              \-
                                                                                                             L;:'
                                                                                                                                     r '{' (f
                                                                                                                .e;"1                             -
                                                            l\.·
                                                            L
                                                                                   ['
                                                                                    ,
                                                                                                             - ~~ c'
                                                                                                             ~ - ,
                                                                                                               -         f                                                   f;
                                                                                                                                                                             ~
                                                                                         .                    ,
                                                            c·                                               '" (...
                                                                                                              · -                                 t.                        'i.' .f
                                                            ~                      -                         "'r .       c.;..               ·
                                                            -                                                                                .t'-;
                                                                                                                                                ,                           t                    oe:
                                                            ~                                                ~~~1                            t~                               ~
                                                                                    (,                                                                                                           (...




                                                            \                       f
                                                                                   (.-                       f(...-; e,\                     .- ~,                          i.(.
                                                                                                                                                                              1
                                                  .
                                                            t.                     t .
                                                                                                    . " '~(...
                                                                                                                          ~.
                                                                                                                                            ~~
                                                                                                                                                                            l::

                                    f,
                                    .
                                                  c
                                                  ~

                                                  \-,.(. .
                                                      -
                                                 'i. ·t
                                                                              .~
                                                                                   ,
                                                                                   L
                                                                                    -
                                                                                                          . "',v.
                                                                                                    ~J '!, .(
                                                                                                     "k [, -
                                                                                                    l ~. ~t>f' ~
                                                                                                      ~
                                                                                                                                     1 {~
                                                                                                                                     .
                                                                                                                                       ;:
                                                                                                                                            .:~
                                                                                                                                                  L
                                                                                                                                                  ~
                                                                                                                                                                             ~ Jr'
                                                                                                                                                                              '
                                                                                                                                                                             ~'r
                                                                                                                                                                            \:
                                                                                                                                                                            c--
                                                                                                                                                                                 1>




                                                                                                                                                                                'F
                                    ~                 [ \-                    ( ,                                  _                         S. t:                           [,                         f


                                    {                 f:                      f~                    fl'>' Ii' i - \ - l::
                                                                                                          £: ~Ii    1~                                                      t '\.
                                                                                                                                                                            l:!:-
                                    ·

                                    (
                                                  !

                                                 \: f!
                                                            ~.                .-:: >G.

                                                                              £1                    t'\.t.p-
                                                                                                         :   ~.
                                                                                                                                             ~·c.:[ ~
                                                                                                                                               ~       <;;~,
                ~    "
                               ~.
                            ..::
                                    ) ..


                            f (.t . . ..~.
                                       -'1
                                                 r'eo -.
                                                   - Jr                       ~.L
                                                                                ·
                                                                              ~ ~,
                                                                              r-~.
                                                                              t
                                                                                                    <;; 1, t·
                                                                                                    'i'l:" - 'k 'i'
                                                                                                     - c:..
                                                                                                             t.\-
                                                                                                                  t:                         ~ '. r·f'i.· f
                                                                                                                                                       '- -
                                                                                                                                             t ~ Ct:. t (,
                                                                                                                                                                                   -                        ,




                                                                                                    ~. . G;: - s.
                                                                                                                                             - -
                J>   ....
                                                                                 ~                                                               , ~.            (.. -.                ..
    1         :r 'i; ~ ~                          f~                          ~~                    ~t~~~
                J>   ...        ·


                                                                                                                                                                \IE ft
r       l
            .'
              !
                  --
                t ~
                            t' ':   L

                                    'i
                                                  f.,~'
                                                  .
                                                   ~                          tt
                                                                              ..:,,~'
                                                                              t.
                                                                              [,
                                                                                                    "" - ('
                                                                                                    J ... 'k :L:
                                                                                                     t r
                                                                                                    ... t                 ~          t'
                                                                                                                                               £'i.
                                                                                                                                               f·
                                                                                                                                             .. ,!:,
                                                                                                                                               (: oe:
                                                                                                                                                                  ~ - , )'
                                                                                                                                                                     t t~-i t *
                                                                                                                                                                     -:
                                                                                                                                                                      <;;
                                                                                                                                                                               ~.
                                                                                                                                                                                       -'


t
                                                                                                                   t.'

.
    .t
                ~ l
                ~


    \- Cf; .· ~t.
                 _."        .
                            -
                                    ~.
                                              ~"'.' , -,
                                              >
                                                 1>
                                                  .,."",.          .
                                                                 !. . .,,; ..:
                                                                                         :           -
                                                                                                     i::           ~
                                                                                                                      l;'f ;:'.l
                                                                                                     f n, ;:. [1,;:..- ,~}," ~
                                                                                                                         ~
                                                                                                                         L ·                 ! --
                                                                                                                                             ,t''i
                                                                                                                                                                 '   -       ~              '"


    -- ..
                                                                                                    L             (...           ,                              ·      -.
                                          . -,1' ;:.. <;; ~ ;:.. t£ c' ,
                                    f=. ;:.,. (
                J>   --         . ,

                                                          f
-
~_~ _
L . t
  _
    ~
    I
            .
            '   _.   q'
                     ,\"


                     ,F
                     L
                        L
                         t          f .s;' -l: .r-'
                                    ,
                                            ~
                                           "-"
                                                 >
                                                 _, .
                                                            ,t:,
                                                             -
                                                                       P
                                                                       -
                                                                        .I>
                                                                       '-"
                                                                       ..
                                                                              (.

                                                                              -
                                                                              ~, ~.,
                                                                              L    L

                                                                              _, s;'
                                                                                              .I>
                                                                                             '-"
                                                                                              1         -
                                                                                                    t . .[ 1 .' 1
                                                                                                     -



                                                                                                             ~    ~ ....
                                                                                                                   _.
                                                                                                                  (... _,'
                                                                                                                           ~
                                                                                                                           r-
                                                                                                                                 ,..
                                                                                                                                          ....,.....
                                                                                                                                          ~'   ~- - " . . . . . . . . . . . . , . · L
                                                                                                                                               __ ' "
                                                                                                                                                  , r-    q,                     ~l .~.
                                                                                                                                                                                 _,
                                                                                                                                                                                       t'
    Yemeni Standards for the quality of Treated Effluent for Reuse in Irrigation as
                    compared to FAO guidelines




           BiochemlcafOxygen 5emand~
            CherrlicaIOl<ygenbemand········                500

                Dissolved Oxygen                   mgll     2

                      Sodium"
                    Phosphate

                                                                            5

                      Arsenic                                              0.1

                     Beryllium                                             0.1

                     Cadmium

                      Cobalt




    12.

    13.               Fluoride                     mglJ

    14.                 Iron                  Fe   mgtl     5

                      Lithium                 Li   mgll

                    Manganese

                   Molybdenum                                             0.01



-                      Nickel

                       Lead

                     Selenium                 Sa   mgll
                                                            5

                                                          003
                                                                           02

                                                                           5

                                                                          0.02

                    Vanadium                               0.1            01

    22.                Zmc                                                 2

                     Mercury

                     Cyanide
      Yemeni Microbiological Quality Standards for Wastewater Reuse in
                                     Agriculture



                                                                           1      Intestinal
                                                                                 Nematodes        Fecal Conforms

SLNO·i                       Re-use Conditions
                                                                             (Arithmetic mean of (Geometric mean
                                                                              no. of eggs per 1  of no. per 100 ml)
                                                                                     liter)

              Irrigation of crops likely to be eaten uncooked                        <1                .~:    1000
      I
      1                      . . ......,,--_.
      i      Irrigation of sports fields, public parks & garden
                                                                                                         ~:   200
  2   I   with which the public may come into direct contact
      i
~-~~l.-·.~.             ..                      ."-~-----,,---..-   " ........
  3   i    IrrigatIOn of cereal crops. industrial crops, fodder
                                        crops. pasture & trees

            Irngation of fruil trees (i,.;'fgation"s;:;(;lild cease 2
  4       weeks before fruit is picked up and no (ruil should
                                     be picked off the grOUnd)!
                            '\'   ".




                            f ··           "
                                           J:!-?- J ~
                                                     ::. ".I\..:w.....S1
                                                                 ~         ..r·u
                            ," .
-                           '\'   ..
                            ,y·


                            ," .                                ;';:'~I
                                                                                      "
                                  ..
                                   \
                                               ..\.,.....1 01...:...)$ :i......Ai'"

                                  c.




                                  \'   .                                              i


                                                                (pmlO)

                                                                                      v
               I
               I
    (~! ~1·~~I~jH)~}.:5J';'J4ii·~~.jl.tJ (.S~' JjJ.~.iI
                                           (V)r!..; ~
                   LaW I ~I ~ 9-~~ ~,tiJ1 ~ ~I                                      JS;,   l..,i




~\ ~I olA ~ o..l.JI~1 ~L...JS.l1 J ~I.J\...:LU ~ ~I IlA ual~'i                                           (, )O..lL..
                                                                                    :~        JS 0:.;! ~.,.JI
                                                                ~I~~~:~I-'
~4=aJ1 ~~ ~ )}J J 4}·';' .JJL....:a... ~ 4Lill ~i~"II:4...aWI .,.t.....Q.;o.QlI .'1'
                                                                                     . U"'Wll ~..Hl\
                                             . ~ ~ 'I ue
               ~ r.5 J.l ~.AlL u.,.- '-r J ~ ,.r-..p- ~I ~"I1·:i ,.! ~11
IJ"l1.i....J:."I1'         r,-
                               .' .·(': ':11                                ·. ... tl
                                                             · ~.,. l.....Q.,,-- · '!"
ULS Ijl ~j..t Ug..S:i J o~ o.;.:;.iJ ~ ~I ~I~"il :4,),;' !ill .,.t.....Q.;oAJ1 .t
                                                                         t.:J1.c.   ~~I            r.5"i-A
               ~~I ~"I1         6.J ua~ till! ~~, ~ ~ U"'4! o~J :~J.l' .0
                                      I,i..lWI ~~I ~ ~ U"'4! o~J :(i ~..1 - i
                                  ~W' ~1.J0'4"11 r.5"i-A U"'41l ~~ ~J04 :(I)J.t..\Li _v
                                                             ~~I ~ U"'4! o~J :Jts.....4J~1 -A
~Ij J.!'w.: ti lll ~~I ~ r.5~ :(i)~1 JJl.a..t.li ~I ~~I r.5"i-A -'\
U..l~1 ..IJ..I...::IJ44:131 j...A.J:! ~j oj-li Jj..J. 4~ ,.,.t.....Q~1 1.:Il.:l:i Ul.b
                                                               Jts.....4J~ Y. ~I U"'4il4 ~
J ,u..ll.a..t.ll ..IJ.l...:I.ll (i)J.t.l.Li.h......~ :J..:Jl! J J4-l!1 r-w.!il ~~\ r.5~            -, ·
~ ~ 1..H"-" ~I.J ,.~I.J J~I ()..A O..lJ..:lo..4 o~ J)U. ~jll o~1
                                                                        Jts.....4J~ Y. ~I U"'l.:il4


                                                     :~ ~.JliJl ~t.....Q.;o.Ql1 J..II....A.. :( T)O..lLa

~.J~I ~I~I J ~.i~1 J....!...:i J :LWI Jl..L.....!."lI1 J ~~I ~1J...:a..,l1 .i
J :i...AWI JI.i.....1"11 ~:U.J ~~"I1 J IAJlI .J ~\ J~I .J ,U~ .J ~1...!...cJ1
..Hfo J o4-U1 ~ .J ~I J 1J"l~"I1 d .·!W.. .J 44~1 Ul..b.ll ~l...b.::a.A
                                      .1.AJi;. J ti.J~1 ol.f4 ~lM J jti.ll J WI
~ UJ..4l1 ~ ~LS~4 J...uU ~I ~)l...::jI.,.JI JiL..."J ~ .J :~~IJ-All J.;.b -y
                                                   .1.AJi;. J ~I J 4...aW\ JJblI
,.WI .J ti.J4-ll1 ul~ .t..cliJl ~I}.~AJI ~ ~J"JI ~~I ~ J :~I.J~' -[
J ~1.1.:LAJ1 J ~lyL.hl1 ~ J           r-.1.i..:l cru l ~1.J~I..t\Jj ~ J             -J.lill ~~           J.!i..
..I;!.,ll ~~ J j~"J1 ~~La J               u-tJJ.!' J!W ~I~I ~js J                   ,I.A~ J ~I~I
                                                                                                    ,1.AJ#:.   J
                                                                                       ~




   J .[          ,~,         'f'1'              r
                                               .,.
                                                                                                                          l'
                                                                                  'r: ~
   t
   t"    \,.,~
          0'     <e.         ~ "
                             .    ~
                                                ~,     t
                                                       ,<
                                                                                                      ~ l'
                                                                                                      1 ~.
                                                                                                                          "(>

                                                                                                                          .t
                             t .(
                 r, Ei
   '[     b      ;>                            p       c·                                                                 c'
   ~, '~                                       <e.
                                               ~
                                                       'r
                                                       ,t"
                                                                                  ~l
                                                                                                       c:
                                                                                                       ~l
                                                                                                            '.~:   . 't
   L ~,(                     f '-
                                               { t
                                                                                      L..

                                                                                                            ;      t,~
  f.\,    [      ~           ~.
                              f'  \.                                              rf
                                                                                  t~
                                                                                                       ~
                                                                                                      f.: f.       .it
   a;
   ,~
   t
         \.      ~'
                 ~
                 ~
                             r·   t
                                               .f.,
                                                t~
                                                       j,tf
                                                       ~     "t
                                                                                  :~f
                                                                                                       ~t
                                                                                                       -L
                                                                                                       ~ ~\
                                                                                                                   (.:1
                                                                                                                   L

                                                                                                                    r.'"[
                                                                                                                    -
                                                                                                                          i..
                                                                                                                          o.




                                               ~       Itt
         ;>                  (,
   -i'    f      ~'          E'   £.                                              -         1:"
                                                                                                      ~C[          <f;';
   ~ t· 'fv                  i.1                                                  ~~                  \[           tt
   >-,
   tl

   ~
         [
          Co.
                 f'.. c.. -:
         ~, t ~ f, t,
                                  "'"

                                                ~
                                               t,      ~~~
                                                       l,t-t,               tt
                                                                         '~ 1
                                                                                                      --=:.\
                                                                                                   Ce s;: f"'
                                                                                                   .~ ~ E
                                                                                                                   \.E
   :~ [ ~'l ~ .f                               {       tt~                -
                                                                                            ,}:!
                                                                                             ~,    ~ c.... .,.
                                                                                                                   ('01{;,.

                                                                                                                    ~,t
   ~ 1           ~ -f.P                        £
                                                       "(>


                                                       ff.f.
                                                             .,.   .,.



                                                                         1r~
                                                                                                   t--~l
                                                                                                      t- f.
                 .~          'r. f.
                                                ~      ~tl
                                                                                                                   ~.;
                                                                         \- c;..-~:
   "(>   ''':'         \-




tf.'tf i fit, {t : : f~:~' r:: l' -                                               ,r'
                                                                                                   ~lf             ~~ 1
                                                                                                                   of -
,t. [ t, t ~ t ~ '[. f.
                                                                          .....             c·     C[ -     ~
                                                                                                                   fJ;f
                                      :r t':= t t!
                                              :~
                                                                         ~                  .(
                           \, 1- L\ot                                     -''I;             :r                     ~ (,
.r '£: .r ,__ ~
~,.,. <e,
   I
   (-
        1- l
          I
         .(
              ,f:
                 T' ""';';
                 ~A
                       ([-
                       l
                       -




                       1- [
                       "'" _ r
                              -
                             ~, .~
                             - _

                              -
                             -<   .....

                                  Co.
                                       -
                                       - -r,

                                             "
                                          _. J:
                                                0~i
                                                ...'
                                                                   L.


                                                                         ~
                                                                          [.~
                                                                                      .- "
                                                                                      t:.: I:
                                                                                             co.

                                                                                                   .r K· b
                                                                                                                   ~f
                                                                                                                   1, L
(~) o~LJl ~(i).u,J~ 1...).,11 ";1......::a...J1 UC 4Ull "L.4y.4l1 ~J.l,::). j.,sJ(V)t...)Lo
..s~ J"L...1 ...,k (i ):;~LJ\ ~ (~)J(Y)Ai)~               JSJ ~ ~j ii.lA! W~
                                       :~   (i) ~ J~L....J\ ~\ w~1 ~




         io              t ·
                                                                                  .l....a   jill

                                                            .   ,.   '-lL~1        -:.U...j.JI
                                                            ~ ~.          ~       U""'"
                                           ,   .   -                     -                        ...        .,.-~




  io           o·          00                  ~~I~1 ~LWI

  "   .        00          "\   .    .   ~~I A...us....J\
                                    ~C;:A ~    ~
                                                       ,._"'"' ··· ' . h n _ ······· _. __ · __ m~ __ ~.~.




                                                                                                                     t>bW   \
                                          0~1
                                                                                                                       ~

                                                                       .fi1.)A J J,-ll                                ~JJ


  V.           V.          v.            ~ b.Jl1 J ~ ll.....::J1 ~W\
                                          _J.      ,




  jA (y)~~ 0..'1))1 J..'l~I;jc ~U11 ~L..:oy.all jJh 0fo:(A)cjLA
~\""";I \Sb (i) o..'lWI jA ([)J(y)J(I) e;.a JSj ~j ;;~ ~~ (" )OJW\
                    :~ (I)~ Jjt.-J\ ~I w~1 k....:a \.S~
                                         ..   .
-                         00              \            J ~ yll   (.)SLoI J ~)\ L,)SL.....JI
                                                                                                .l.....:lyll

                          i ·                                I - .~ IlJ
                                                            .r~
                                                                           4...U.S.....J\ ~
                                                                          ... .' 1 Li..J\ .
                          i ·

            00            i ·



            i. .          io             v.
                                                  l.




           ~ <t:)~y ~..) J,ll ~..J\.....:",JI jc 4L:J\ ~ L...a ~\ ..) J~      ufo :('1 )o..)Lo
    ,-,wL.I.."..Jc. (i) o..)W\ :.y. C:::).,{'-;-l).,{l) ~ ~ ~ ~j o.lA\ ~y('l' )o..)WI
                                 :~ (i) ~ J.)I.L.JI ~I w..".....J1 ~..s~

    (i)~ ~)I ;;.lAliJ-~bh..Ji..J~1




                                                                              ~"   ~~~~-.---~--,~




                          f. ·                         J ~ yll   (.)SLoI J ~)l (.)SL...JI
                                                                                               .l.....:ljll\

            ,.
            .    ,
                                         o.                               .. .' I Li..J1
                                                                   - .~ ILJ
                                                                  .~
                                                                           4..uS....J\         ~


                          o·            00
       o ·                                        . ·                                .-: u~.\\
                                                      4..J .. '-- '\ :a....us.....JI ~
                                                  ~~ ~~                 ~

                                                            0.l.JljSljA J ~\ .Y.JJ
       .. .
       \                   v.            v.               4..J wI
                                                             r.J.    J. :we ll.....::J1 ~w..J I
                                                                                        -: L



     ey. (.3).l4i~ 0.3)}1 .J.3~\         ..:.r 4U1\ "l....;.;.~\ .3 J~ ufo :(' · )~.3~
J ~L....J\ J .J4-il1 .3~ J J.tlll J ~L....JI J .J~I w4~ ~~I ~                      (r )O.3W\
                                                 :~ tIL .31~\       .)c. .b...., jWl      J     J:ll1




;;J.JI J JtUI J c.L.....J1 J .J~I .3J.l::I..
   o.foll .3\~\ ~ (\)~,~jl
                                    ~jl

                  o ·                               J   ¥.Jill   WS~IJ ~)I ..:foL.....J\
                                                                                       .l......::s   ji.ll

                  00                                        ~1y.Al~ ~\ j-bw..JI .

                  00                                        .   ~~, ~I ~w..Jl

                  00




                  '\   .
      J   cil.....::s.....J\ J A h h.;. ..J\ J o~~\ ~4-J1           ..,.k   ~WI .j.J~\ ..j~: (' , )o.jLA
                                                        .hJ\ J J~I .J wl~L.:;,.j'l1 .J ~.llcJI ~'ll
                                       tA.)#. J ..:,1 ) .




      ~    4-:11 )~\ wL..4il~ ~W\ 0J;!L....JI J w'l'll u~ I.) ~ :(' ,"")r...}LA
      wl...N4il1 ~ ~ ..ro~1 4 J .l.I I ...>.H~I wI ,)\h,,,\ ~~ ~WI o..}UI
      ~       l.J.c t~'l\ ~ J ~.J.l.I1 wL...4il1 ~ l.Jt:. oj.JUI ,-, '1 '11 ~J~I
      J   Ju, LJ\ r! yJ\ J t~1 J ~~\ J,.:l..a 44'';' I,,' ,,11 w'l'lLt ~l wG4:JI
                                                     44):i"I",JI ~L'll J ~L....:JI w~1                      .J oJ;!~1




      j.A ~-:!y:JI   ..}L....:..)'ll   uJ~ ~I .J~I wL..~1 i..:..1                        ..we   ~IJ;! :(' o);)..}LA
,,~                                     ,~\         4.t.,b)1   J   oJyJl     4.J..} J    4A4-:i1    J   c::y)\ 4..c~



      ~~I ..}J..wJ1 ~                       ..yJi   "l....::::.y.AJI ..}.J~ u1 wL4Al1 u~1 I~I:(' w\)o..}L..,
-     ~~rlj..:i1'l1 ~.~~I.,iA ~ut-)\ J u~1 J .J"'" "jj ~lr~
¥~                                ·   (l.l....::::.~~ (!lc j'll , A.19; ,I uJ.::..,...J1 lA Jji: ~l....::::.l wi .. \..»1
           ANNEX 2

WORLD BANK SAFEGlJARO I)OLICIES
1
J
1
~'1'




]




          World Bank
       Environmental and
        Social Safeguard
            Policies
Operational Manual· OP 401


                                                                                                                                        OP4,Ol
                                                                                                                                 Jaouary 199')




il These po/icie's were prepared for use by World Bank srnfrund arc not necc:ss.1ri~v a I.:omplt'/c
!. (rt:atmcnt of {h:~ubjt:ct.                __
                                             "_


                                       Environmental Assessment
This Operationnl Policy Statement W(lS revis~d in August :!004 [0 ensure consistency with the rcqulremtllts of OfiJH>
8.60, issued in AUJ,;IJ51 2004, These thanges may be viewed here,




ijl'\{He; or lind Rr ,to I logether reploce OMS 2.36. i::nFironrm'n(:J1                ,Hp~c(s
                                                                                             of Blink       ;Vllrk~
                                                                                                                 00 ",00, AllflU AI.               .-~
 '[EflVlronmenr:.tJ A.f.fl!s.fl1l('nr, OD ,tOO, Annn B. EIH'ironmcntlll P(lfic-y for IJ:Jm :md RCienoir ProjCL'(S; 00 4.0 I,                         i
   £,,,/ronm<'1111I1 A SS,'SSI11 "/II'; and t he: following Operlltional Me morn nd         i"
                                                                                            El1f'irOllm .."f;J/ A ,.H',·SIlIl:nIS:               11
                            rr
; InHrl/4'Iions IIJ.51:1 Of} 'hi' H:.tndJing of till' Borrower's COMu/Mlions wilh ..I fft'l.'tl!d Group!' :.till} R{'/(" ;/111 I.o('u/              II
'.:'\((;0$· .til 0/'0; £lIl'ironmc'flt:lI.,.tSSI"HfIlI'nts: Instru~'(jf)/lS to St;}rr on/he RI'/Nlsi' .,( Em'irallllll,,,(;,J "t!,ft'S.fflU'I/fS    "I
' to 1::.H'4'tulli: I);n't'(ors, 11l21j90; :lnd R~"';lsc ()( Em-jrOnttll'/II:iJ A SS4'nllli'nTS Itl En'cufin' [)irt'l'Ulrf, 2/20.'91.
i  Auditional infonlllltirm rclatcllio these ~I .. femelll$ is provhh:d in the EIH'ir()1/IIH'IIt31 :h:iL',~mH'(I( SOIJTl:cbooJ.;
I (W;lsbill~ton, I),c.: World Bank, I??l) :md subsl!qucllt updates aVllihlbl~ rrom the Environm!;,ll! Sector BOllrd,
                                                                                                                                                     !
                                                                                                                                                     .
  and in the PIJl/utiUI/ Pn'~'('ntion :md Ab:rfcII/('nlll:lllcfbook Other Bnnk s!!llemcnh Ihal relate II) tbe                                        I
  envirunment include Opm? J.02. EIIl'irofl1J1Mtlll ActiIJII P/:mj~ OP/uP .1.0J, "':J/uriJllf:"}il;m~ OP .t07, 1I':1f('r                             I
  Ill'sol/rn'!> M:m:lfJ1'uU'/l!; or .$,a9, P(,5( M:mllgemcflt:. OP/BP ,t 11), ltuJipc'nfills P('oph'>~ 01' .t.11 (forthcoming).                      '
  M:Uf;lgL'R/4'nl olOIJturuJ PrufJ(·rty in H:mk-FiI1:IR('t'ti Projn·ts; or/Dp 4.11, IIH'olllllfl4q' Rt·li(rtll.'lII~/lr. OriBp
  ".36, Fort'f/r, allll OI'fUP IO.O-t. /:.'''{}ntJluir f:,':I/!I:tfio(/ (Jfll1H'~'1I11t'lIt 0pl.·r:lfiun... Thl.'.t· 01' :llItI HI' apply !Q:tll
  prl)jl:'ct.~ ror which:1 1'11) is firsl is~u~tl art~r March I. 1')1)9, Qllesti!lll~ lIlily he 1II1drrsscd to Ihe Chair.
  Em'irilnmcn. Sectur BO:lnl.




 I, The Bank I requires eoviromm:n(al nss~ssment (E/\) of proj¢cls proposed for Bank lillancing 10
 h~lp cn<:un.:: that they arc ~nvironnwntally sOllnd and SUslainabl(!. and thus to improve decision
 making,


 2. EA is a process \vhose breadth. depth, and type of analysis depend on the nature. sertle, tlnd
 potential t"rlVjronmentui impact of the proposed project. EA evaluates a projec.:\"s pOlenlia!
                                                                                  .,
 environmer.trll risks and impacts in its area of intluence;* examines project alternatives; identilies
 ways of improving project sell!ction. siting, planning, design, and implementation by preventing.
 minimizing. mitigating, or compensating for adverse environmental impa..::ts and enhanCing posilive
 impacts; nod includes the process of mitigating and managing adverse envircnmentaJ impacts
 throughout projt;:ct impkmcntation, The Bank favors prev~ntiye measures o\er mitigatory or
 compen$~llQry rneOSlIf\!$, whenever feasible,



 ), EA     l,I;';':~   into ..t~~Ollllllh.: natural ~n .. iwnml:nl {,tir, WJh.:r, and land); bumJn h.:alth i.lnJ :;al\!(~:
 socia! aspc.:r::. tinvolunl:u: resellh!mcnt, indigenous p<!opks, and cultural properlY);) and

 transbmmdary ond global CJ1VlfOnmcnlul ilSpcctS.:~' EA considers natural llnd socull asp~cts in an
 integrated way. !tubo takt:s into account th~ variations in project and country conditions; (he
 lindings of country .:nvironmC:l1tal sludics: national environmental ilction plans; tht;! country's overall
Operational Manual - OP 4,01                                                                       Page    ~    of 7



policy framework, nationalleg;slation, and institutional capabilities relnted to the environment and
social aspects; and obligations of the country, pertaining to project activities, under fe/evan!
international environmental treaties and agreements. The Bank does not ftnance project activities
that would contravene such country obligations. as identified during the EA. EA is initialed as early
as possible in project processing and is integrated closely with the economic, fmancial, institutional,
social, and technical nnalyses of a proposed project.

                                                                                         S
·1 The borro\\-er is respon;)ible   ror carrying otlllhc EA, For Category A projects. the borrower
retains indept;:ndent EA experts not affiliated with the project to carry out the EA.~ For Category A
projects that are highly risky or contentious or that involve serious and multidimensional
cnvironmental concerns, the borrower should normally also engage an advisory panel 1.,1f
independent, internationnlly recognized environmental specialists to advise 011 all ilspeds of the
project relevant to the EA,7 The role of the advisory panel depends on the degree 1O which project
prt!parution has progressed. and on the extcnt and quality of any EA work completed. at [he time (h..:
Bank begins to consider the project.

5, 'fhe Bank advises the borrower on the Bank's EA requirements. The Bank re,jews the findings
nod recommendations of the EA to determine whether they provide an adeqLUte basis for processing
th..: project for Bank tinancing, When the borrower has completed or partially compll!lcd EA work
prior to the Bank' s involvement in a project, the Bank reviews the EA to ensure:: liS con:;\slcm:y with
Ihis policy. Thl: Bank may. if approprialC. rcquin: addifional EA work. il1cltlJin~ public consultalion
;J:1J uisclDsl1n:                                                                                     '

6. The PolillfIL)[] Prel'(,nlwn tlmi ,.\balc,'mc:nt /-!:.Inc/book descrihes pollutiun pr~\e!1ti,)n :md abatement
mcasttn::s anJ emission kvels that ure nornHtlly ncccrtnbic Lo the fklnk. llowcvcf. tnklng inh) account
bOfr()\lvcr country kgl~btion and !L)Cil! conditions, the E,\ In;)) n:commcnd nltl!rn;ltivt:! emission
kvels and approaches to pollution prevention nnd nbatcrncnt lor the project. The E;\ report must
provide I'll)! .:md detailed }U51ific<llion lor the h.·veL~ <wo <lpproJchcs choscn Ii", rhe pnrrirulnr pro)I:Cl
or St[~.

                                               fA Instruments

7, D~pending on the project. a range of instruments can be used to satisfy the Bank's EA
requirement: environmental impact a::;sessment (EIA), regional or sectoral EA. e-nvirQnmentai audit.
hazard or risk u:;scssmcnl, and erwironmcntal management phm (EMP).l!. EA applies one or more of
 these instruments, or clements of them, as appropriate. When the project is likeJy to have sectoral or
 regional impacts, sectoral or r~gional EA is required,9


                                          Environmental Serecoiog

 g, The Bank undertakcs environmental screening of each proposed project to detcnninc the
 approprinte extent and type of EA. The Bank classi tics the proposed project into one of four
 categories. dcp<!nding on the type, location, sensitivity, nnd scale of the project and the nature and
 rl1a;i,nitudc of its potential cnvironmc:ntal impatts,

              (a) O.u(.'gory...4: A propo.scd project is classified as Category A if it is likely to   hil\l~

              significant adverse environmental impacts that arc sensitive:.!) diverse, or
Operational Manual- OP ~.Ol                                                                         Page ~ of 7



             unprecedented. These impacts may arrect an area broader than the sites or tudliries
             subject to physical works. EA for a Category A project examines the project's potential
             negative and positive environmental impacts, compares them with those of feasible
             alternatives (including the "without project" situation), and recommends any measures
             needed to pre,cnt, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts and improve
             environmental performance, For n Category A project, the borrower is responsible for
             preparing a report. normally an CIA (or a suitably comprehensiyc regional or scctoral
             EA) that includcs, as necessary, elements of the other instnlments referred to in para. 7.

             (b) Oucgory B: A proposed project is classified as Category B ifits pOtential adverse
             environmental impacts on human populations or environmentally important areas-
             including wetlands, forests, grasslands, and other natural habitats--"arc less adverse than
             those of Category A projects. These impacts arc site-specitic; few if any of them are
             irreversible: and in most cases mitigatory measures can be designed more readily than
             for Carcgory A projects, The scope or EA for a Category B project may Y<lry from
             projec.t to proj;:ct, but it is narrower than lhat of Cillegory A EA. Like Category A EA, it
             examines the project's pOlential negative and positive environmental impacts and
              recommends any measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for
             ndvcrsc impacts nnd improve environmental performance, The findings and results ot'
              Calegory B L\ me described in (he prvjc::ct doctlmcntation (Project Appraisal DocllOlcnl
                 .1
              :IOu           I'       .
                       rOJcc!nh>r:natlOn 0 OCllment). II
                      fl'




              (c) Ca/egor::." C: A propl)$cd project is classitieu as Category C it'il IS likely to have
              rninirn:ll cr nc ldvCfSC cnvirunmcntul impacts.
              I3cyond sCft!cning. no further [i\ ;'letia!) is required for il Category C project.
              (d) Ci/fcgory FI: t\ pror,':>cd project is dassific(j as CalcgDry FI if it involves Investment
              ()fBank funds lhrollgh a tin~lncl.\( in{crmcdi<1ry, in subprojects th.:ll ma: result in ndvcrsi.C
              environmcnul imrac[s.

                                          EA for Special Project TnlCS

 Sector Inw:slmr.:f/l LcndmjJ



9. For sector investment loans (S!Ls),12 Juring lhe preparation of each proposed subproject. the
 projt'Cl coordinating      c:nlil; Of imph:mt:nling institution cllfries out appropriate EA nct'ording 10
country requm:mcnts ana, th '                                  U'rh               .
                             e reqUiremenls 0 t' t h'IS po "ICY,· e Ban k appr:lIScs an d. 'f' necessary,
                                                                                           I
me hIdes tn (he S IL components 10 strengthen. the capabilities of the coordinating entity or lhl!
implemenring institution \0 (a) SCf!;!!'!n subprojects, (b) obtain the necessary expenisc to carry out EA.
(c) revkw all findings Ilnd results of EA for individual subprojects, (d) enSure implementation of
mitigation measures (induding, where applicable. an EM?), and (el monitor environmental
                                               leI
conditions during project implementiltion. If tbe Bank is not satisfied that adequate capacity exists
ror carrying out EA. all Category A subprojects and, as tlpproprintc. Category B subprojccts-
including any Et\ rcpons-are subject to prior r~vjew and approval by the Bank.

 Fm;Jnci:iI Intermediary Lr:ndlng


 10. For Il financiul   intcnn~di:lry   (Fl) opemtlon, the Bank requires that each FI screen proposed
 subprojects ond ensure th:ll subborrowers corry out appropriate EA        f(.lf each subproject. Before
  · --------------------------
  c
........
           Operational Manual - OP 4.0 I                                                                     Page .. of7


           approving a subproject the Fl verifies (through its own staff, outside experts, or existing
           ~nvjronmcntal institutions) that the subprojt!ct meets the environmental requirements of appropriate
           national and local authorities and is consistent with this OPand other applicable environmental
           policies of tile Bunk.J~


           11. in appraising a proposed FI operation. the Bank reviews the adequacy of country em!lfonmcntal
           requirements relevant to the project and the proposed EA arrangements for subprojects, including the
           mechanisms and responsibilities for environmental screening and review of EA results. When
           necessary, the Bank ensures that the project includes components to strengthen $uch EA
           arrangements. For FI operations expected to have Category A subprojects, prior to the Bank's
           npprai:>al each identified participating Fl provides to the Bank a ""Titlen assessment of the
           institutional mechanisms (including, as necessary, identification of measures to strengthen capacity)
           for its subproject EA work.,tg I f the Bunk is not so.tistied that adequate capacity exists for carrying
           oUl EA, all Ciltt.':gory A subprojects and, as appropriate, Category B subprOjects-including EA
           reports-are subject to prior review and approval by thl.': Bank:1.7


           Emergency Nt'covery Pro/t;.'c(S

           11. The policy set out in 01' 4.0 I normally appli..:s to cmt::rgency n:eovery prole'ts processed uncil!r
           0.(18,,5.0, l::i7Jcrgt.:n(y /?,'covcry Assi$f:/nCt!. Ho\vcver. when compliance with any r~qllireml!nt of this
           policy would pr<.!V(!nl (he effective nnd timdy a~hic\crnl!nl or the objcctiv\!s of;m emergency
           r\.'\.:ovcry projcci. the Bank may exempt the projc<..:t from such a rcquircmcnt. The juslilicntion for any
           such exemptlol\ i:; n:cvrdcJ in thc loan documenls. I n nil cases, however, the l:5ank requires at a
           minimum that (:1) the <..:xlcnt 10 which the emergency was predpitoted or c.\accrbatcd by
           inappropri;\te cnvironmental practices be determined as part of the preparation of such projects. and
           (b) tiny nccc;.;:;ary C~)i-r",c\i\c rnc;t~un:s be built into eilher the emergency projel.'t or a future lending
           operation

                                                      Institutional Cnpacity

           t 3. When the born)wcr has inadeq~tate legal or technical capacity to carry out key EA-reluted
           functions (such ,15 review of EA, elwironmcntul monitoring inspections, Qr management of
                                                                            j

           lniligatory m~nsurcs) li)f a pmposed project. the project includes componel~ts te strengthen that
           capacity.
                                                       Public Consultation

            14. For all Category A and B projects proposed for IBRD or IDA financing. during the EA process,
            the borrower consults project-affc<:ted groups and IOC~ll nongovemmental organizations (NGOs)
            about tlie projl!ct's environmental aspects and t"lkes thcir views into acCOUnt. HI The borrower
            initiates such consultations as early as possible. For Category A projects, th~ borrower consults these
            groups at least twice: (3) shortly after environmental screening and berore the terms of reference for
            the EA are linalized: and (b) once a draft EA report is prcpnred. [n addition, the borrower consults
            \\ illl su.;h gnHlps thl"'IU~hoUI prvj~\:l impkmemalion as necessary LO adJn.:ss L-\·rclaled issut::s that
              ..     J       1'1
            altect   (1Cm,

                                                             Disclosure

            15. For meaningful consultations between the borrower and project-affected groupsa.nd local NGOs
_:li"'_______________________

                  ...
      Operational ( tnnunl - OP 4.01


      on all Category A and 8 projects proposed tor IBRD or IDA financing. the borrower prDvides
      rckvant material in fl timely manner prior to consultation and in a form !llid 111nplJge [hal arc
      understandable and accessible to the groups being consulted.

      16. for a Cale-gory A projecl. the borrower provides for the initial consultation a summary of {he
      proposed project' s objectives, description, and potential impacts; for c:onsultatio:1 after the draft EA
      report is prepared. the borrower provides a summary of the FA's conclusions. In addition. for a
      (:ltcgory A project, the borrower makes the draft EA repc:rt ;wuilable <1\ a public place acccssibh: \l}
      project-affected groups and local NGOs. For Sits and pI operations. lht! borrowerfil en$ur~s Ihn!
      EA reports tor C<ll~gor: A svr-projccls are made aViliJable in a public place accessible to i.!fr~clcd
      groups and local NGO:s

      17. Any sepmate CLltcgory B report for a project propo~ed for IDA financing is made available to
      project·nffccted group:; and local NGOs. Public av::silability in the borro\ving country and official
      rc~eipt by the Bunk of Cotegory 1'\ rcporcs tor projecrs proposed for IBRl) or lL)A limmcing, and of
      any Category B EA report for projccl5 proposed for IDA funding, are pr~reqllishcs to Bank appraisal
      of these projects

      18. One:! the borrower orncially transmits the Category A EA l'l::pon 10 the Bank. lhe Bank
      l!islrib~Hcstho: summary (111 English) to the executive directors (EDs) anti m:tk~:; th~ report :lvailabk
      tltfUUgh Its InfoShop. Once the borrower oftkinlly !rmlSltllts (my scpaml"; C:Hc:gory B EA r-:port:o
      lh..: Bunk. the \Junk mak..:s it ilvai h\bll:! through it:; InfoShop.:W Ir !hl.' borrower objects 10 the /3,mk·.:;
-~-
      rdcn5ing an EA n:p~)rl thruugh the Wurld Bank int'uShop. Ltm;'; starf (.Ii do not C'.1n\lI1l:C pn)c<.'$sing
      an IDA project. (\)' (h) !'or an IBRD project. submit It,,: i~:-;u~ or t"urth..::! prt'cc~~il'~ {(\ the ED~

                                                                                  ImpiemcntllliorJ

      19. DUfln~ project impicmentation, the burrower reports on (U) compliance ',vitb me<lSttrcs ilgrccd
      with the Bunk on the basis \)1' the tindings and re-sults of the EI\. including implt;menf<llion oL1O),
      EM? as Sl" Ollt in thl! project docum..:nts: (b) the status ofrnitigntory measures; and :'.) the findings
      or monitoring pmg,rams. The Bank bU:l.t!s supervision of lht.l project's en\'ironrncntnl aspects on the
      findings nnd rccnDlmcndntion!> of tht! EA. including mcn:;UfCS set Ollt in the legal ilgrccmcnts. any
       CiVIl', ,lnd other projl.'ct documt.:nts.:?1




          1. "Bank" im;lud\:s IBRD ~f1d ID/\~ "EA" refers to th~ entire pro(;CSS sct QuI in O?/~f 4.01: ":onns" ineluJes IDA
             credits and iDA gr~nls. "bcrrowcr" includes. for guarantee opermions. a private or public project sponsor
             receiving fwm another linanelal institution II \()£In guarantced by the Bllnk; MO "projccC' ,overs all operations
             financed by Bank !oaos or guarantees e,~cepl development policy lending (ror which the environllltnl:ll provisinns
             are set OUT in Q,P/Bf &.60, Development Poft'ey Lf:nd/ng), and also includes projec(s under adaptable knding,~~·
             adilplJble prQgrnm !()3nS (APLs) and learning and innovation loans (LILs}-"and projects ~nd components funded
             under Ihe Gloo1l1 Environmeot Facility The project is describ<:d in Schedule 2 to th~ Loan.'Credit Agreement
             This policy applic~ to all components of the project. regardless of Ihe source fiOillll;ir.g,          or
               FOr dcfin;li(w~. s':'; ~,!1~:~' The                    :UC:I   orinl1ucp.,c for ;my project is delermin~d with the Jd\'ice of
               environment,1I spcci:llists aod sct out in the E.A terms of referCf\Ce
          ).   S(e Qf:~!'" I 2. !Ill il!LIIlIJry Re.\cllit'ml:nr. 9.!.' 13 I' 4 i O. IndiJ!(:rlOlJ.\ P,·uph·.,; .md or.J Ii (forthcolTltng).
               1~·l;!,{/~.~alflJJ..!.!l.J:.~(jGII!J.I..ftt'{l1'J'Ij:,.I(!-P.J.o.k:EJJl;111J,.~('J1...F(oJt'l·(!i
          4.   Global envif<1l\mcntal issues illdude climate ch:.nge. ozone.d~pleling substances, pcllulion or intern,lIlonal
               wa1ers, 3nd ,Hlver,..           impal:t$ on       bitll.Iiv(,p;jl),.
    Operational Manual - OP ·;'01                                                                                                                     Page 6 of 7



      5. For scrCen ing. s c<: para. 8.
      6, E;\ is clo~ely            jlltcgr~tt:d \~ith    the   proje~t's   economll':. finllnd,,!. instin,lIiooa!. soc:al. :lnd Ic.::hnicJi tll1t1IYSC510
             ensure thaI (3) environmental cOf'Isiderntions are given adequate weight in project selection, ,illng. and design
             dc..:;siol1s; and (b) EA doe~ not dday project processing. However, the borrower ensures Iha! when individuals or
             enlili.:s an: cnpgcd to carry out EA :\~livilie!i, nny con me! or inlere~l is av(~jdcd. ror eX:lmpll!, when all
             independent I:A IS reqwrcd, it is nol c3rried out by the consultants hired 10 prcp;lrc thc engineering design
      7.     Th~   patH:\ (which          IS   different from the dam s;lfery p:lnel reqUIred under OP!            !!f .. .)7, S!lt~'!y o{D.Jm.,) advis..:s the
             bOirowcr sp..:cifical:: on the fllilowing a.>pe.;b; (:t) Ihe terms of r(!["n:;nce f,J( Ihe: EA, (h) licy is~u<;::, and methuds
             for preparing the EA. (el recommendations and finding.s of the EA. (d) implementation of the EA '$

-            recornll\t:ndallL1fl~, and (c) de\lelopment of environmental management capacily.

      8. These terms :lre defined in AJlIH'l\                    ~.   Annexes Ii and C discu~" Ihe Content of EA reports and E.Mf's.

      I),    Guidance on the           USe     of .:"Ioral and regianol fA is available in EA Sourcebook Upd.ltes 4 and 15

     10.     A pOleotial impact i, coo$idcred "sensitive" if it may he irreversibh: (1.',1$ .. It:ad to 10$$ of a major natural habitat)
             or raise issues cowr..:d by OP/SP. ". 10. Indig''n()IJ's P.·opk.>~-<J£..:tJ!.{> N:lftlf:J( H:Jbif.'ll~-, 0 P .:. I j (Iorthcom jng),
             fl.hm,1j!.·mcn! {)(Cuitllr.J1 Prop"ny in B;mk-Fin3Iu',:d Projo,,·t~~ or o.u,.U. II1I'vhIfJl;JEY R.~':.;r:Ilt.'JI1"!lI,
     II, Whet! Ih~ s.:reening prQ;:<!'$$                determinc~.      or nalillnallegislJlion rl!quires. thaI ilny orlhe            eovironf1l~!\I;11   issues
             id,:ntificd   w~:r~nt        spcciJI    ~llcntion,the findings and resulls ofCalc:gory 13 t:A mily be ~el \.ltd in ,\ scp:mHc 1'<:1'''1'\
             Depen\llllg (~n tilt."       I;. p.: of project and the rl:\tur..: and nh1gnituJc of the impacts, Ihi, r,-,port m,l} inelllt\(:, for
             cX;lmpk a 1ii1i;t~d em iri'1unental impact :!$,cssm<.'nt, an Cn\;lronmCtllal m itig:'tt ion or m:ln:l:;cmcnt plan. (10
             cnvirOIIll\(!rtlal auJn. r)f ~ hazard a.s5':S$m~nl. For (.llcg0ry 13 projcl.:ts tho! an: n,lI In cllvi:r.JnlnctltJlly SCIHJ!lliC
             ar<.:as :lr1J th.1t ::r",c',r wdHlr.:fincd and wdl-lll1,krSlCll)u Ij:\UC!> uf nflrro\\ scup.:. n1C 1),ln),. may ;\,;;ept alternative
             a;>pn);t..:h..:s Ihr m:I.'.,n;; !::A rcquircll1~n!s: I'M example. cn\limnmcm:llly sound d... ~i~:r, C:rkna,
             p01lutiQr. :>lal~d.1;:!, !,,~ >m~ll:·J>;.'J!': "1Ju~lriallll.lnt$ or m.al \\Qr\.;:;: c!l ... irnnnl':1l1aa~ "'ur'J
             cunstruction :H:Hl<!.lrJ,. or ,nspe~li()n proccuurl.'s for hlltlsing pmj<'0!s: or "'IlVirtHlll1<'IH;lP~ ~t;lll1d <)fl..:r.Hing
             pro,cuurc:> fur rO:10 rd:abilil:Jlion projects.
      ! 2, SILs nvnnally             IIly,llve    the preparation and illlplcll1l!UI:llioll of ;1Il 11 11;1 I invcstnn:nt   pl;;lllS   or ~ubproje(,"ts as   lm1\.!   slicc
             m:.tivitks OVt;r Ih ... cours..: o:'lhc project,
      13     In ndddi()l1, n :hl'n: ~\~\! ~L·\.'rQJ\vidc i:i!)l!CS lh.H ~annot be addrcss.:d through indi\'ldu~1 stlbpr('lctt EAs (;Hhl
             paniculurly ;1' the SI!.. is likely 10 Iflciudc CUlCgQry A subprojects). Ihe borrowr,:r Inay be requircd 10                              c~rry out
             ,.:ctoral EA bcl'orc Ih: lbnk appraises the SIL.
      1-1,    \I,'nc,c, plJr.>u~1t\lIG rc;;,uI3!ory requircmcnts or ",otra.:tu:11 arrangcm..:n!s iI';CCpl.lbh: to th.: B;lI1k, aoy ofthcsc
             r",'ie\~   rim.;;:!(In: eJrril.'d om by (10 emilY ocher IMilO lh.: coordi(l;uing cncil~ or nnplcmcfwog ins1irutiou. rite
                                   GlIS
             Bunk ilpprai'cs         ;JlI.:rnarivc arrangements; however, the borrowcr/coordinming cnlity!hnplcmcnting
                                      ,lIC',
             inslltUtlM fcflI3lOS ullimJ!cly responsible for en~uring lhat subprojects meet [l;.mk rcquin:menls,
      i 5.    I he requircm'::1!S f·~r F! OpCr;)tfons ;l~e derived from the EA pr(')ces~ and ::Ire consistent with the pro"i~ions of
             par;1  6 or ~h,> OP rile EA process lakes IOto tlccount the type of rlnancc being ~onsidered, the nalUre and ~C:;llc of
             ,mtkip:H<:U '$uiJpf<.)J~,t~. ,\nd Ihe cnvir,m:nenml requirements of Ihc jurisdiction in which subprojects" ill b;;,
             locJted,
      16. I\I]Y FI includl:d in the pwjrct after :lppralli:ll complies wilh the same requirement as a condition of it.s
          pmicipalion.
      17. Tht: ~ritcria fur pdvr r':\1eW ofCat(gory B sllbpmje'ls, which ;1fI: based an such f:lctors;l~ type t)r siu "flhe
              subprOject (lnd lilc EA capacity oflhe financial inlermc-diary, are set Oul in th: kgal agreements for Ihe project
      18. Fl)f Ihe Bank' S lpproach to NGOs. see GP                          '-I.Jl!. In~'oll'inJ! Non)]()vcmmt'nI;)/ Org.1fliz.wons in Bank-Supprmcc/
              :ICI/\ fill::;.

      19. For prcJt:~t$ Wllh m:IJor si.1cial                ~omponen1s, consllltalions nre also requir~d b) ()Ih~( [';JI:~ lX.li..:i.:s-fo~ c.~ampk.
              OP!IlP 4.10, Ili!hJ)ctiulJS P,:op/t;::;. ,lI1d QJ~!6~ 4.1:. !mv!uIfl,lIY R~'s':lIlr:mc:nf,
      20.     h1r:l further d;s~us:ilcn of the Bank's dlsclusure proco:-dures. see Tlu.' Wurld 1J;J".~.!}!.!i~'.!_~1I /)isdo!iure of
              ~!Jl!U!1p(fQfl-        Spt'lIfi.:    r~quirements        for disclosure ofreseulcmenl plans and indl¥.tncu5 peoples devclopmenl
              plun~   :ut 5f>t OUt in          O,!?'5f 4, I(),   lt1tligl!'nou:; Pt.:vpk,nnd Q,f!flJ.'. 4.12, InI'V/IJn!,)fY R..'St'fI.'t'flll'f1{
      2 I. SC.: 01' UP 13.05,                  PIVjt'C{ SUPCFYI.lIVfl.
Operational Manual - or 4.01   Page 7 of 7
Operational Manual· BP 4.01                                                                                                    Page 1 01'6


                                                                                                                                        BP ~,Ol
                                                                                                                               .lnnll:!!")' 1')99



 These proccduTCs wen.' prepared for lise by World Blink stalTiwd arc no! neCt':'Silrt~V [)                                  c:omph.:te
/rt.~IJtmen(   otrhe subject,


                                       Environmental Assessment
Thi~   Bank Pro.:eduf':s S13lemcnt was      rl;vi~l;d In   Augus! 2004 to ensure consistenq with thi! rrqllir('menls (,f Q,,-..'I}J~
860. issued in August 200':. These ~hangcs may be viewed                !J~,




{NOle: 01' ant.! BI' 4.0 I togetber repluce OMS 2.36, Em'iroltmcni1tl A:tpe<:l,s of R.mk U'OrJ.~ 00 ",00, Annex A,
 l:.'/lI'ironmel1laJ Asseument, 00 ".00, Annex B. ElJviroDme/ltaJ Policy for Dum und Reserl'fJir ProjeclS', 00 ".0 I ,i
 Em'ironmtnlal AI5f$Smt.'flt; and tbe foJlawing Opcratiuuul Memoranda: Environmt'nt:JJ Ancssf1Jenls:                                            I
 Ins/ruclionJ to 51.,rr on Ihe HltndJing of Ihe Borro,yu's CuItSUl':liitms with A {((','It'd Gro/lps {lod ReleJ'Jml LO('J1/l
  ....COs· ..II 0/')0; F:lHirol1f1/t.'otd/ A,sSt'sSf/1t'nIS: IlIs/rIJctions 10 SI;lff on (he Rt:lt';JSI;' of Em irDnml'JlluJ ,tsj('~'smt'flt'- j
 to En','ulill' DirN:tors, 11/1.1/90: anc.! Rt!/('J1:u' of Ellvirol1mental A'.ft'SSJnt'l115 10 £1I:t'ulin' Din'c(urs, l/2UII) L                     I
  A!lditlon:1I information related to Ihc~~ sl.\lclUenlS is (If(nhh:d in the /'.'tH'iroOnl<'nl:IJ A".H'.fSlrIl'lli St)/lra'book                  1
 (W:I:hillgtUll. [),~,; World 1l:lIIk,1991) :tn\.! subsequent upl.S.lh:S lIv;ail<lbh: from Ih~ EfJ\'iroolllelll Seclor no.lnJ, )
 ,me.! III the Polill/mll l~rcv('JI(lOn IJnd rlb:Jtf'IIIl'llt H:U1dbtllJk. Other Bmlk stalements Ihal nIhIl<' lO !he
 .:n~·jronmcl1t incluile OP'IH' .1.112. f;fl.lrflll/11Cnlul .."'!iml PI:Jm~ Ol'lBl' ·400". ,\':Jlllr;,1 Jl;d)iI;W~ 01' -1.0 7 , Hula
FRt')'OUUd ;l/:m:l,!:t'l//('///; or .t.OI}, P"Sl,ll:,":JJ:"IIWIJ/;: OJ> -1.1(1, IlUllp<'/IO/ls Peop/(,J,OP -1.1 I (forthcomlll:':).
:Ll/;UJ:lgl.'l/lt',11 arCl1lmr." PrOpt'rty ill IJilflk-Fiflilllud Proje't'ts; OJ'f1U' ".12. IlIl'ob/lJl.Jf)' Ut·St·n/t'IJ1t'IIt; OP/",36.
  Fc>('t'JIr,I; ,Iml Ol'illI' I U.O~. EClJnomh' J:'r:I/U;l/iOIlUf lr/l't'stmf/// Op"r:ltj()n.~, Th ... ~(· OP :11111 Ill' clln:r :III
 projecls for which      :l   PH) is nrst issuccJ after March I, 19'.18. QIlI:$!ions IIIllY be      ac.!dress~d    It) the Chair.
 Envirollnlell! Src!nr BI1:1rd.
                    ================================---=-~.~=~-~--==-=.======~




 1, environmental as:>t:ssmem (EA) for a proposed Bunk-financed. operation is the                                       r~sPQnsibi   lilY of
the borrower. Bank I            s~aff ussist the borrower. as appropriate, The Region courdlllHlcs Bunk                              review

of l::,A in c(,m~lIhation wilh its RegiIJI1i1! environment sector unit (RES!,; / and.                             [IS   necessary, with toe
:';l.Ipport of the En\1nmmen\ Department (ENV).
                                                     Environmental Screening


 2. In consultation with the RESU. the ll.lsk team (TT) examines the type, location, sensitivity. and
 scale of the proposed project,J. as well as the nature and magnitude of its potl!ntial impacts. At the
 earliest stage of the project cycle, the TI, with the RESU's concurrence, assigns the proposed project
 to one offour categories (A, a, C, or Ft see Ol~.4,Ol,."IHtr. i\._8J. retlecting the potential
 ~nvironm~ntal risks associated with the project. Projects are categorized according to the component
 with Ill\! potentially most seriolls adverse effct.:ls: dunl categories (e,g., ,'.,/e;) arc nut used.

 3. fhl! IT records in the Prvject COl)cept Oocurnc;:nl (peO) and thl! initial Project inlimnatiol1
 Document (PtD) (a) the key environmental issues (inclUding any reseltiemCnL indigenous pl!oplcs,
 and cultural pmperty concems)~ (b) the project cntegory and the type of EA and EA instruments
 nl.:cdcd; (c) proposed consultation with project-alTected groups and local nongl)vt:mmcntal
Operational Manual - BP 4.01                                                                         Page 2 or 6



orgnni7.lltions (NOOs). including a preliminary schedule; nnd (d) n prcliminnry fA schedule. The        "
TT also reports the project's E.A category in the Monlh(v Opemr;on<ll Summary ofB:mk ,1nd IDA
Proposed Projecls (MOS). and prepares (and updates as necessary) an Fnvironmental Data Sheet

{EDS/' for the project. For Category A projects, the EDS is included:ls a quarterly annex to the
;-.AOS,

-L If, during project preparation, lhe project is modi tied or new information becomes avail~ble, the
TT, in consultation with the RESU, considers whether the project should be redassil1ed, The TT
updates the peD/PID and the EDS to reflect any new classification and record the rationale for the
new c\ussiCtC;Jtion, The new classification that appears in the !vIOS is followed by "OW' to indicate a
revision.

), An)' exempI;on with rcspect to the appliclltion of this policy to nny emergency rccovery project
processed und\!r QP.Jt~.Q. Emergency Recovery Ass/~'limcc,~ is subject to approval by the Regional
                                                                                                          ~

vice president (RVP).   In con~u!talion   with the Chair, ENV, and the Legill Department (LEG).'
                                              EA Preparation


6. During pn:pamti,)O 01' the PCD, the IT discusses with Ih~ borrowt!r the scope orthc EA sand Ihe
proccdures, scheJuh:, and olltlinc for any EA report reqtlircd. For CUI('gory !\ projects. t\ field \'isit
by nn (.'nvironmcnlnl s[X'cialist for this pllrposc is normally n..:ccssary." At thc time of the Project
Conl:cpl RCliil'W. till: R[SLJ prilvides furm:ti ckaran . . c or the ellvironmental aspects of the PCDiP! O.
For Category B projects. the Conccpl R~:vil~W ~h:cidcs whether an cnvironmcnlOl man(Jgcmcnt plan
(EMP) will be req\lired,

7. EA is an Integral part of project preparatiun.   I\S   necessary. thl! TT .. ::ish;t:> the borrower in drafting
the terms of reference n OR) lor Clny EA r~port. ::1 The RESU reviews the covcrage or the TOR,
ensuring among other things thn! they provide i'or adequate interagency coordination and for
consultation wilh afli::..:tcd groups and local NGOs, To support preparation dIhe TOR nnd the EA
report, the TT gives the borrower the documents Content olnn Environmr.mt:.1/ Assessment Report
 lor a (;uegory A Project and l:.!H'Jronmentn/ M:1I1agemt:nt Pl:m. f I As applicable. Bank and borrower
 staff refer to the Poilu/ion Prevention :ll1d Ab:lIement f{;mdbook. which conlnins pollution
 prevention and abatement mo::asures llnd -.:mission levels thaI an: normally ,m;:eptilble to the Bank.

 8, For n Caaegory A project, the n' advises the borrower that Ih!:! EA report must be submitted to thl!
 Bank in English, French, or Spanish, and an executive summary In Engli$h,

 9. For all Catl!gory A projects, and for Category B projects that are proposed tor IDA funding and
 that will have a separate EA report, the rr advises the borrower in writing that (a) before the Bank
 proceeds to projl..'ct appraisal, the EA r\!port must be made available in a public place accessible to
 affected groups and local NGOs and must be officially submitted to the Bank: and (b) once the Bank
 onicially receives the report it will make the report avail;lble to the public through ils InfoShop.U

 10. DLtring the deSIgn phase ora project. the rr advises the borrow~r on corrying out the EA in
 accordance \\ith !he requirements of Q.P'.~,.QJ. The TT and the lo\\ycr identify nny matters penaining
 to the project's consi:itency with nationnllegislation or internutionill environmental treaties and
 agreements I. rIO ft.'fTcd to in Of .J.t) 1. para, 3).
     Orcr:ltiona! \.bnual - BP 4.0 I                                                                        Page J DrO




      I I. When thc lx1ITOWCr officially submilS a Category A or Category B EA report to the Ba.nk, thl:
     Region pJaces II copy of the full report in the project file, It also sends the English-language
     .:::<ccutive summary of a Category A EA report to the Board Operations Divisic'n, Corporate
     Secretariat, under cover of a transmittal memorandum confirming that the executive summary and
     the full report (a) have been prepared by the borrower and have not been c\'nluatcd or endursed by
     the Bank, and (b) are subject to change during appraisal. The results 01'.1 Category B         \I,h..:n thert.!
     is no st:panlle report, are summarized in the PID,

     12, For Category A ,md B projects. the TT and the R.ESU review the results of the EA, ensuring that
     any EA report is <.:onsis\cnt with the TOR agreed with thc borrower. For Category A projects, and for
     Category 13 projects proposed for lOA funding thnt have a separate EA report, this review gives
     sp.ecial attention 10, among other things. the nature of the con!lultntions with aff~cled groups and
     I,)('o.l NGOs <lr.d lhe extent to which thc views of such gr0ups were considcr(:d~ .md the EMP with its
     m~asurtlS for mitigating nnd moniloring environmental impacts and, as <lppropria[~, strengthening
     institutional capacity, If not satisfied, the RESU may tecomml::no to Rl:gion:d management that (0.)
     tilt! tlppraiStll mission be postponed, (b) the mission be considered II preappraisal mission, or (c)
     certain issues be reexamined during tht! appraisal mission. The RESt] sends a copy of Category A
     reports to ENV.

     l3. for all Category A and B projects, the TT llpdal!.!s the SlalUS of the EA in the {lCD/PID,
     d..:scribing how major environment:!l i::;sl!l!$ have bcen resolved or will be addressed and noting any
     proposed EA-rclatcd conditionalities. The TT sends lh..: Inft'Shnp" t'I)P:- fi!' ul! L,\ reports,

     14, At the Projeci Decision siage, thl! lU::SL; provides Ibrmal c karan<.:c or lh<! cr.' imnmcmai aspects
W$   or the proJ'-';;t. induding their treatmt.:nt in the draft kgtll docllffi!.!nts prepared by LEG,
                                                     Project Appnlisal

     i 5. For Category i\ projects and for Calcgory 13 projects proposed for lOA funding that have u
     :>..:pratc rcpl.'rt the nppra:so.! mission n\)rm"lly departs only aftcr the Bank i,':'3 n:::civcd the oniciaity
     transmitted LA r,-,purt and rcvic\vcd it   ~scc   paras, 11-13).13 F <)r Category t\   p~0jccl~,   the appraisal

      mission team inc!ud~s one or more environmental s~ciaUsls with rcl~vant i:xpl!ftise. J..I The appraisal
      mission for any projc\:t (a) reviews both the procedural LInd substantive clements of the EA \-viih the
      borrower, (0) resolves any issues, (c) assesses the adequacy of the institutions responsible for
      I.!!wironmentn! management in light of the EA '$ findings, (d) ensures the adequacy of Ilnancing
      ::Irrungements tt)r the EMP. and (c) determines whether the EA's recommendations arc properly
      addressed in project design and economic analysis, For Category A and B projects, the TT obtains
      the RESC's and LEG's concurrcm::c with any change;: during apprnisal and negotiations in any
      environment-related ..:onditionalit), from lhat approved at Ihe Project Decision stage.

      Sector Il1vcstmenr lind Fimll1chil IlJtenlJcdiary Lt'nding


      16, The apprais'll mission develops cknr arr~mgements with the         borrow~r   to ensure that :he
      implementing institutions will be able to carry out or oversee EAs of proposed subprojects; J~
      :.;pecilically. the mission confirms the sources or required expertise: and the appropriate division of
      respon:iibilitks among the ultimate borrower, the financial intenm:diary or s~ctor agency, and the
      <lgencics responsible for t:nvironmcntal management and regulation, As appropria.te, the TT reviews
      Category t\ and 13 subproject EA reports in accordunce with O.rA.Ol. paras> 9_iltld_l t~n,
-----------~---.--                                                           ....


  OpcfUtional :Vlanual - SF' 4.01                                                                                                         Page 5 of 6


  The TT advises R~£ion<.li management of the actions taken and recommends any further measures.
  During implementation. the IT obtains the RESU's concurrence with any change in environment-
  related aspects of the project. including environment-related condilions cleared by LEG.

  22. The TI' ensurCli tllallhe borrower's operating plan for the project includes actions required to
  carry O\lt the project's crwironmcnt-rclatcd aspects, including provision for contir1l1ed functioning of
  any environml!nt<li aovi;;\xy panel as agreed with thl! B.:mk

                                                L7
   23. The Impiemcnl:\\ion Completion Report ev.t!uates (a) environmcnI:li impncts, noting \vhether
   they were anticipated in the EA report; and (b) th! effectiveness orany rnitig:1!ory measures taken.

                                                    Role      ofth~    Environment Dep:lrtnH'llt


   24. ENV supports the Region$ throughout the EA process with advice, training. dissemination or
   good practice, and operational support. As appropriate. ENY provides to other Regions the EA
   reports, related material:>, precedents, and experience thut originate in anyone Region or from
   extemal sources. ENY carries out project audits to help ensure compliance with the Bank' s EA
   pulicy, and it conducts periodic reviews oflhc Bank's EA experience to id~nlify :md disseminate
   gOGO practice nnd dcvt.!lop further guidance in this aren.
                                                 Financing EA


   25. Pmj,,:ci Preparation raedi!')' adv:mccs 1)/ ant.! trust funds may be aV:llhbk to floll.:n:i"l h\)rn.m.;rs
   111,)\ requ.;:;t [\;In\-.. ;\~:;iS!anl.:C in l;nanl.:u)g EA.
                                                                  Srecific Applic;,tions

   :6. Prvccc.\urc$       rpr       the enyirOnmenlal as~,,:~sIliCIiI Dr pro,jc(;ts ili\vJvtng                   dam~   :uxl   ~\!st.:rvoirs   and   pesl
   m~tnagcmcm          .lre   S~'I    ow in Annexes U .md C. rcspt.'clivdy.



      I. "13;)n\;"     illdlldc~     InRI) .1Il\! IDi\,"E:'\" (1:1.;r:> (vlhe entire [lnlCCSS sct Ollt in QPf13P ~.Ol. "rlfoJcct" covers all
           opcr.1tion~ tin:1I1C';U by     B(1nk loans or guarilntces c\cepl ucvc[opment policy lend in!; (fer which the environmenlal
           rrovisions arc         m:: in..Qr/Sp 11.60, D('vclopm~"1( Policy Lendillg), :lnd also includes projecis under ad:lpl;1bk
                                ~~l
           lendl!\g--adapl;lbk program loans (AI'Ls) and learning and innov<I!ion loans (LlLs)-and projects and
           comp<>nen!s funued under the Global F.nvironment Fadli!»; "/oans" includes IDA credits and IDA grams:
           ··lmrrowcr·· inc1uul:s. for guarantee: ope-moons, a priv:l1e or public project ~ponsor receiving from Dnolhcr
            Iinnnciill1l15111 JliOIl ,I IQan guaralllccd oy thc Bank.: "Pruject Concept DQclJmcm~ ind\ldc~ 111<: Initiiliing
                                I


           Memorandum: and "ProJec! t\ ppraisal Document" includes the Report and Recommendation of the Pre!;idcni
           (President's R<!?orti.
           /Is of l'lt)Vt'mt>~r I('9S. the Regional environmental se\:lor units are liS follows: AFR - E.nvironment Group:
           EA!" Sf\R. and ECA            Environment Sector Unit; MNA - RUfnl Deve\(:>I,ment. \Vatcr. and Envirol1lnent Se;:t,)r
           Unit; LCR         Envlronmenfally and Soda/ly SIJ5{tlinable Devdopmcnl S':ClOr Unit.
      J.   "LOClllior)" retl:r~       w proximity     [1.1   or encroachment Qn       environment::!!!y important ilreas, such as wei lands. forcsl".
           ,10(1   other oawe:tl h:lbit:lls. "Scale" is judged by Regional siaffin Ihe COI.l III I)' contexl. "Sensitivity" refers 10
           proj~cts (hal may have irreverSible impa<;!s, affl.'t:L yulnerable etlmk minoritie~, involve involuntary resettlement,
           \)r;,Il~"1 r·dH:r:III·\·rir;1ge ~itC5. Fpr (uflller dis~llssion, see rhe En'..,rol1m<.'nr:i! -1 ","~'mL'nl SOllr('c/>ook. Upd:I:,'
           Nu. 2.·/:IIYIr<J:I!I1 ..·f/I;11 Sacl'nrng(avail:lbte from Inc En\lfOnm<:1l1 Depanmenl).
      4.   SCI!' \>I'·BP. 10.00. !aH':;(mt'nt LcmJJ.fIg: hJ...·llfitic.1(ion /I.) BU;lfd Prnl.'m:l(!CJlI, fe'r Ine loan pfm:essing ,()nll.'~1         In

           whi,h (k..:hi'')lls       011 Ih\!   environment    ~;jtc!::ory   and the bi\ pro.:::es$ are m<1dc,
      5. For Ihl.' EDS.        ~':I.' "nne\.~.

      6. S...e 0t:.·UJI. par)!. l,J
Operational Manual· Bf> 4.01                                                                                                           Page 6 of 6



  7.    LEG input is provided Ihrough the lawyer assigned 10 Ih(: project.
  8, For sec lor investmcnland financial intermediary operations, B..nk and borrower $Iaff need !o consider the
        potential for significnnt eumul:1.IJve impacts from multiple subprojccis
  9, Such a field visi\ by an environmental lpecialist may alsQ be desirable for some Category B projects.
 10. Accord ing to Guid('lir. ...,·: St.-Ieclion ;lIld EmpluYf11t'nt of CDnsu/f:1nls by World Bank Borrowers (WaShington,
        D C.: World BOInk, January 1997, revised Septecmber 1997). the IT reviews the qualifi~lionli or and, if
        acceptable, gives a no'objection 10 any consultlnts. retained hy Ihe burrower to prep;m: the t:A report VI                          Ie   $crvc
        on il paneL

 11.    For these two documents. see           or 4,:Q~, Annexes!! and £
 12, Sec QP~~~.I~12, and I~!.. World BJink Polit:y I)D D/sclo!.!l!:.,u!!..lnforn1.t!t.i!!!!:
 13. In exceptional cases, the RVP, With the prior concurrence or the Chair, EN V.                         may llUln()fi2e    the appraisal
        mission's d..:p<trting before the Category i\ fA report is received. 10 such cases, the RESU',S cle:mmcc of lilt
        project is ,onditional on the Bank's receiving, before appraisal ends llnd negotiations begin, an EA report thaI
        prollides all adequate basis for concinued project processing,
 14. It rnay be desirable to include environmental specialists on the appraisal rtllSsion :eam                        ror   some C;lt.:gor} B
        prOJecb. a:, well.
 ! 5. The rr provides to Ihe implementing institutions, for usc (as                   appropria(~) in the prep:lfnriot) and appraisai of
        sLlbprojc~ls, copi~s of ClJnr...·n( of.m ErH'irunm<'n/<J/ A.,':i<,ssm.'f1( R.:port l'or:1 CI!.',!J"r,v .. \ f'rvjL'cr l()p"".!) I,
        A '1Il,C~_H). Em'lrulllllc-tl/;/f ,,,,,.IIIJy<'m.'n/ P/;W ',o.P,4,QJ ."Aooc;I:_Cl, nod [>o!l!JfiO.~ f'rl't,.'ll/iall ;JIu/ /lb;lt..'mL'llt
        }/;m,lbvok:
 16.    S~.: 2},::'~J~ 13 OJ,   P,'U)L'C(   SlIp"(lI;,i<)1/.

 17.    St~C (?~~!nJ> I 11.55. /mpl.·wnlf,tfi<)(/ COltlp/J:uim RqlOrllilg.

  18,   ':icc O'~tI:>P &.10. f'rvj<.'Ct f'l'l."Im;u/{ln F:/dlily.
Operational Manual" OP 4.01 .- Annex A                                                                        Page I of::'


                                                                                                       Of> 4.0t -- Annel A
                                                                                                             January 1999




These policies were prepared/or lise by World Bank Sf({(f and ar!:' no!
treatment


                                                           Definitions
1. l!'nvironmenra/ alIffil: An instrument to dl:!tennine the nature and eXlem of all environmental areas
of concern at an existing facility. The ulldit idenlifies nnd justit1es appropritHe measures to miligute
the ureas of concern. estimates the cost of the measures, and recommends a schedule for
implementing them. For certain projects, the EA report may consist of an environmental audit alone;
in other cases, Ihe audit is ptlrt of the EA documentation.

2. £m'irol1lm:nlal i!rlpenl assessment (£IA): An instrument to identity and osscss the potential
environmcntai impacts of a propos~d project, evalwltc allernatives, and design appropriate
milignlicn, rHilnagcmcnt, and monitoring measures. Projects and subproject:; need Eli\ tn lHldn;s=,
important isslles n,)\ co\'acd by ,my applicable rcgioo<.li or sectoral EA,

3 [m'irwlmen.'ci/ /IIu!)ogellJl1111 plan (E,\JP). An insl;WT1C:n\ l'l<lt dd:1ils (:1) the mc:1Sur-.:S (0 be taken
during the impkmt:IH:\llOn Dnd OpCf;Jll0n or (l project Il~ c 11m i nale or n!1"sd ;h!\ ':rsc L'nVIn,nrnenl~d
irnpncts, or to rcduci.' th..:m to ancplablc kvel$: and (b) (hI.: actions needed to impkrncntlilcse
rncaSHrCS The UvlP is ml integra! part of Category t\ CAs firn!spec!ivc ct" n(hcf instruments used I
EAs for Cakt:!ory B prO)l.'ct5 may also result in;tn EMP

4. Ha;ard lJ.\,Ii/S:llm:nt: An instrument for idclltilying, an:llyzing. ilnJ controlling. hazards nssociotn!
,dth the pn:.scO\:c of d,mg":flHls materials unJ conditions til n projl.'i.': Sil..:' , Th..: (}ank r..:quires a hnz;lrd
uss..;s:;rncnl !'or projects involving certail1 inl1ammabk, explosive. rC:.1c\i\\.~, nih! l.;):-;ic materials \\lh:n
they arc prescnt at a SIte in qU<llllitics above 11 specified threshold leveL For certain pwjC(t:l, the [1\
fo..'port may consist of the h:lzard ass'!ssmCI\I alonl!; in other cases. the hazard a:;~cssmi.'nt is part of thc
EA documentation

S, PrOI!.!Cf an:a (~lliiillil.!ncc.:: The urea likely to be affected by the projcci. including all its unciilary
asp..:cts, such ;)5- power Han5mi:sslon corridors, pipelines, tanal!'>. tunnels, rdOtal'lOn and access roath.
borrow ami dispos;lI arC:lS, and construCtion cumps, as well os unplanned developments induced by
the projl:C! (c g". sp~mIHncou:; settlement. logging, or shirting <lgricullure along ,lccess roads), The
arca of lnt1\1~ncc may include. for example. (n) the wn{er$hed within \\hich the project is located: (b)
nny affected estuary and coastal zone; (e) off-site areas required for resertkrncnl or compensatory
tracls; (d) thc airshed (e.g .. where airborne pollution such as smoke or dllst may enter or leave the
nrCil of intlucncc: (c) migratory routes ofhunlons, wildlife, or fish, particularly who::rc they relale to
public he.lllh. economic activities, or environmental conscn,ntion; and (n arc-as used for livelihood
activities (hunting. Jishing. grazing, gothering, agriculture, etc,) or rdigi\1us or ceremonial purposes
of a customary Mtme

 6. Regional fA: An instrumcntthut examines environmental issues nnd impacts ;lssocinted with a
 p;\rticulnr strate!,!y. polie>". rlnn, or program. or with a series of projects for a pnrllclllnr region (e.g.,
 an urbJf1 m<::i.l, a watcrshcu, Or a coastal zone); evaluates and eomp>lres the impacts against those of
 alternative optilltls; assesses legal and institutional aspects relevant to the issues and impacts; <lnd
 recommends broad meaSures 10 strengthen I!ovironmental management in tht:.' rt'gion. Rt'gionai E:\
 rays panicul;H attention 10 potential cumulative impacts ofmultipk acti\ itit:s.

 7. Risk   a.U(!,\'SlIIt'/l;:   /\n instrumenl lor estimating   th~   probnbility ot' harm o(:curring. from the pres<:r'.('C'
Operntional Manual - OP 40 I -- Annex A                                                        Page 2 of 2


of dangerous conditions or materials at a project site. Risk represents the likelihood and signilicance
of a potential hazard being realized: therefore, a hazard assessment often precedes a risk assessment.
or the two are conducted as one exercise. Risk assessment is a Ilexiblc method of analYSIS. a
systematic approach to organizing and analyzing scientific infonnation about potentially hazardous
activities or about substances that might pose risks under specified conditions. The Bank routinely
requires risk assessment for projects involving handling, storage, or disposal of hazardous materials
and waste, the construction of dams, or major construction works in locations vulnerable to seismic
activity or other potentially damaging natura.l events. For certa.in projects, the EA report may consist
of [he risk assessmenl alone; in orher cases, the risk assessment is part of the EA documentation.

8. S<!clOralEA: An instrument that examines environmental issues and impacts associated with a
particular strategy, policy, plan, or program, or with a series of projects for a specific sector (e.g ..
power, transport, or agriculture); evaluates and compares the impacts against those of alternative
options; assesses legal and institution.'l.l aspects relevant to the issues and impacts; and recommends
broad measures to strengthen environmental management in the sec lor. Secloral EA pays particular
attention to potential cumulative impacts of multiple activities.
                                                                                                                   Of' 4.IH - ."nnt' B
                                                                                                                         Jllnullry 1999




ftlThcxt' policies were prepared/or lise hy 'Vorld Bank staff and are not necessarily a complete                                          _,',l.
itl'r.!UfIlH'11l
p                  of rhe :\/Injcct
                    .         .                                                                                                             .


                      Content of an Environnlcntal Assessment Report for u
                                      Category A Project
   An environmental assessment (EA) report for a Category A project 1 fot:uses on the signiticam
environmental issues of a proj!!ct. The report's scope and level of detail should be commensurate
w1th the projcc(s porenlial impocts, The report submilled to the Bank IS pre puree in English. French.
or Spanish, and th.:: cxecuti\c summary in English .

.., The Er'\       rCj:lort   should ir..-:lude lhe follo'xing items    (nol   nl!t:cssarily in fhe    ordt'f   shown):

          (~l) L::XI.!UII:VL' .1/II'IJIIUrj,   C<'H1Cis;:ly discllsses signiflcJnt lindings and n:,,:olnlllClldcd ac!i<ll1s.

          {b} Pu/icy. iegal. and uc/millislwtirejral1l":Hork. Discusses the policy. kg.ll. and
          administrative rr:m)('\~'ork within which lh . . EA is carri('d Ollt. Expbins th~ environmental
          r. . l)uir~I1\ . . l1ls \..1f ~1!1~ (,0tinanch::rs. IderHili . . s r('it:vant internationetl .:livironm . . nwl 4'lgrecmcl1ls   t(.
          \\hi;.;\1 ,11 ..: ~OU:ltr~ 1~:1 p:\ny.

          (>:) l'rO!"~'f d":'c!'!!Jt:OI1, ('.,w:cIs..:l) tksnibrts 111 .... prupuscd pmj .... ct and il:; gt·ogntphi>.:.
          cClllogical. ~cH.:iLlI. ,mJ t .... mporal cont\.':xt. including any O!'(SiIC Il1\>CSlmcn!S ihal may bl!
          rcquired (..... g. (k(h;~ll<;;d pipelines. :KC .... SS road~. p\}\\..:f rj~1I)ts. \\ah.'f supply. h,)Usi!:g, anJ rJW
          m~Herial and rr\)<1u;.;, storage :':\ciliti . . s). InJicalcs tbe need for nny n':s(:lI1cm<:n! plan or

          it:dr;,; . . nous peoples development plan 2 (s ....c also SUbp;1r:.1 (h)(\) bcl0\\) 0:onna!iy includ..:~ a
          map l.howini; the proj\:'\:t site :md \ht: pr!"j.:ct's area () r in nucm:c.

          (tl) BU.H'filll: dUlll t\SSCSS~:;        the dimensions    or lh~ study mea Uno d,;:scribcs relevant physiLal.
          hiologit;d. and sociO~t'()n(\mic conditions. induding uny chungcs nnticip:n<!d before the proj~;;!
          commcn~~s. ,,'\150 t:IKCS    into account Cllrr~nt and proposed development ,\ctivilies within the
          project area bm not dlf\~ctly conncct.::d 10 the project. Data should be relevant \0 decisions
          n\Jl..lu; project k)c;nion. design. operation. ()[ mitigatory measures, The section indic;,:llcs the
          ;lCCllf:1Cy. rcliahilit;, and sources of the datn.


          (c) ElldrOl7llteflWll!lIp(Jus. Predicts and assesses the project's likely positi\'e and negative
          imp,\cls. in quantitnti\c terms to Ihe extent possible, Idl::ntifies mitigation m<':aSlires and any
          re:;iduui neg(nivc IInpilct:; that cannot be mitigoled. Explores opportunities for environmental
          enhancement Identifies and eMimates the extent and quality of availablt: dULl. key data gaps,
          :md uncertainli:.:s associated with predictions. and specifies topics that do not require further
          ~ttt'ntiQn.


          (fl ,111(liyy/\ O(u!NlI1win'sJ. Syslemalicnlly ('om pares feasible alternatives to tbe proposed
                                                 <ItlJ uperdlil.)[1-induJing tht! "without project" sitllation-ill
          pr"l)..:cl site, kCnn')lvg,\, \.h:si:,;n.
          terms ol'their pOlential enyirOnmenlal impacts; the feasibility of mitigating these impacts; their
          l':lpilal and rl.!cum:m cOSts; their SUitability under local conditions: :md th~ir instilutiomll.
          :rainil1g. ami !!lvnitLlI'ing requirements. for e'llch Oflhc alternali\(~s, quantities the
          cmjronm~ntal impacts 10 the extent possible. and att,tches economic values \\here fcasiblt:.
          StJIt.:S the bClSis flll' ~ekcting th~ panicul,lr project design proposl!u and Justiftcs recommendd
 e~. . . . . . . . . .________________________________________________________


       Operational Manual - OP "'./2                                                                                         Page 6 01 \I



       ::2. As a condition of appraisal of projects involving resettlement. thl! borro\\ I!f provides the Bank
       \\ ith the rc!evant draft resel{/emen! instrument which conforms to this policy. and makes it available
       a\ ~ place accessible to displuced persons and local ~GOs, in a fonn. manner. Jnd language that an!
       understandable 10 rhem, Once the Bank accepts this instrument as providing an adequate basis for
       project :l.pprais:!I. the Bank makt~s it available to the public through its InfoShop. After the Bank has
       ,')ppron~d the final resettlement instrument. the Bank and the borrower disclose it again in the same
       mnnncr U

       23. The borrower's oblhZ<.Ilkm$ to carry QuI the resettlement InStrument and to        the Bank
       int~')rm\!d of impkmenl:l-licn         urI! provided for in rhe leg3111grecments for the project.

              The borrower is fcspc.:bible for adequate monitoring and cyaluation of the activities set forth in
        tilt: resettlemenl instrument. The Bank regularly $upervises resettlement i:np/emcntaCil)n i0 detem:in.:
        compliance with the resenlement instrument. Upon completion of the project. the OOrrOWl!:f
        lI!'ldenakes an asse~sment l(1 determine whether the objei.:tives of (he resettlemt:nt instrument h.:m:
        been achieved, The assessment takes into account the baseline condilions and the iesults of
        rescuh!mt:nt monitoring, lrthe assessment re~>eals Ihat these objecti\'es rTIJy nO! be rcallzed. Lhe
        borrower shol1ld propo:,e follow-up mea5ttres that may serve as the basis ;~x cominued R:lIlk
        :\IJp.;;r.ision, .:IS th.: Bank d~~ms nppropri:lIe (set' also B.P J ! !, p;1r:!, 16)

                                                        Rc~Ntlcment       lnstruml'uts



        :25, A draft rC~t:ltkl11"n: pl::1:: lhal co!)k)rm~ tv thi" policy is a t,Jn~:ition 01' Jrrr:mal (S~o: "\011\.:~ ..:\,
'J!%    1',\(;\3, 2·11 i fN prolcc;s r" :'.:rr.:J 10 in para 17l~11 ab.,\,c 1.1 ! k,\\ C\.:r. \\ h<:~c i:T:pa.;;:s ,m tbe clHir~
~       displac(.'d pOpU/:IIIOIl ;Ifi: nW)OL 1;" or h:wl.:r Iht.lf1 200 people at..: displaced. at~ abbn.:vi;l!!!'d
        t'l!scllkmcnl pl,lI1 may b: ;l~:rl!<.:d WIll) Ih,~ borrow>:'!, (se.: l:\t10~"L:\, p~r:.l ::::: I The lnt'orm.:ltlClI1
        lbclosuro: proi.:o:cl1r.:s S,', :"Jrlh in par;.).   apply.



                 Fut .:I\,'ctor In\'cstm~nl t'p',;:atiOliS lhnt lTI:1Y ilwoJve il1volunl3ry rcscnit'mc:nL the Bnnk requires
        111:11Lh~ projlCct 1111plemcrJmg agency scrcen subprojects to btl linanct'd by the Bank to ensure                         (heir
        C"l!1:.iSlenC) \\ ith tliis Oi', For these operations, th~ borrower ~ubmiL!:>. prier to ~lppraisaL a
        r,:~cl!len1crH po!ic;. fr::mlC\',vrk thOlt conforms to this policy (see t;\ml~\.1;\. pu:!S ::.'J·25). The
        [r:1l11t:\\orh abC! cstima:\!$.   tv   tht: extent feasible. the total poplliallon to bl! dj~riaC{'d and the o\'crall
        r... settleml~nl co,ts

        27, For t'inorH.:iul intermedi:u: opcr:llions liw! m,l)' involve' invDJuntary re5e!tkm~l1t, the Bank
        r~quires thai the fmancial intermediary (Fl) screen subprojects to be financed by the Bank to enSllre
        their consis!enc~' with this OP For these operations, the Bank H!4Uircs that h!f\)n~ appraisal the
        borrower or the Fl submit III the Bank a resettlement po\ic:' framework conforming to this P0licy
        (see .Ann~Lc.., paras. 23·:::5) In addition. the framework includes (In asst!sStT'.enl of the institutional
        I:apacily and procedur~s of c;ll.:h of the F1s that will be responsible for subprOject finuncing. \"hen, in
        Ihe lS$eSSment of the Bank, no resettlement i:s envisaged in the subprojects 10 be tinanced by the FL
        a resettlement policy framework is nO( required. Instead, the legal agreemems specify (he:: oblig:Ulon
        ell' I hI.! F [s 1(1 ~)blJin 1',\)111 ti:..; pOlelllktl ~l,bhorro\\el's;.J. f.::s(;llh:mcnt plan C;)I~s~;;h'nt \\il\1 this polity if
        a subproject gives rise 10 fC$ert!cmelll. For all subprojects irm.,'ving resettlemr:nt. the restnlemelH
        plan is prv\'idd tl) th~ Baak fDr appn;h'al bl'fore the subprojt;'ct is acc~ptcd I~\r B.lOk linancing.

        ]!),     For other l:3ank·assislt.:d project   Wllh   multiple subprojects 16 that may in\0hc involulltary
        r... st:ttlcm~nL lll,: B:lnk r<:l.jui:('s thaI a drati   reseak'm~n(     plan (unforming        10   rhh pdie)' he   ,~ubmjtted
'f%'

       ......---------------------------------------------------
«;

~~.
          Operational Manual - OP 4,12


          :1..) the Bank before appraisal of [he proj.;:cl unless, bec:lu$1:! of the nature and d~sign of the project or

          of a specific subproject or subprojects (a) the zone of impact of subprojects cannot be delcrrn ined. Or
          (b) the zone ()fimp~lct is known but precise silting alignments cannot be determined. In such cases.
          t!le borro\vcr suhmits II resettlement policy framework consistent with this policy prior to appraisal
          u;ee Anntf,x A, paras, :!3-::51. For other subprojects that do not [;:dl within (he .100\1: cnteria. J
          resettlement plan conforming to this policy is required prior to appraisal.

          29. ror each subproject included in a projc!ct described in paras. 26, 27. Qr 28 thut may                                    in\'OI\'l~
          r..:settlcmenl, the Bank requires that a satisfactory resettlement plan or an abbrevi;lled resettlement
          ptan Ihat is con!;islcnt \\ ith the provisions of the policy framework be sliDmined [0 the B.:mk t~")f
          approval before the subproject is accepted for Bank tlnancing.

           30. For projects described in paras. ':::6-28 above, the Bank may agree, in \"riling, that subproject
           rtsettlement plans may be approved by the project impkmenting agency or a f(:>ponsible
           ldo\'cmment agi!ncy or fimmcial intem1cdiary without prior Bank review, if thac agency has
           demonstrated adequate institutional capacity to review resettlement plans and ensure their
           consistency wirh this policy. Any sllch delegation, and appropriate remedies for the entity's approval
           of resenlement plans found nol 10 be in compliance with Bank policy. are proddo::d for in the legal
           agr.::ement;; for the project. In :.J 1l such cases, implementation of the reseulcment plans is subject 10 ex
           pOSI review by thl! Bank                                                                           .

           Process                Fr(1mel\'ork

           ~   1. For        proj~(.'tS      invol\,i11g restrictkm             or access in ilCl.'ordnnce Wilh p:lra. 310) abo\.:. the borrower
           rrovidt!s th~ Bnnk wilh a dr~ft process framework that conlorms to til\;' n.'I~\'Jn! pro\'isi0l7s of this
           1'\): it; ;1;\ a C011Ji lion 0;' nprraisal. !n addition. ollfing project imple 1fIt!f1lJ!ion lnu before to en rOfl rng
           \}!' the rCSlrll'!iol1, the burro\\er prcparl!s a plan of action. acceptable 10 lh·: Bank. dt:scribing lh,:
                   !ie mo;:aSUft.:'S 10 be undertaken to assist the displa\:cd persons and Iht: ~lrr:mg\:mcnts lor their
           Inlph.. nh~llt'lli\)n. The (11:1.n of aClion could take the form of 3 n;llur,\l resoun:.:::> m;.mas;.:m.:m Dian
           ''''''-'11.,,..(1
           1,'       , .. '" ,.   (ir "\'
                                   '"l.'",
                                             1'1"1..,; ~\,. \
                                             I"    -~;
                                                        :.,'                                                                       -         '



                                                                               ,\ssist:lnc~   to fhe B()rrowcr

           ~2.      In furtherance of the obj~'cti\'cs of this policy, the Bank m,ty                         Ht   n bom)\\t:r'~ request SlIpport the
           t".'1rrow<."r ~nd   O!ht'f cnnccrncd entities by providing


                                     (,\} ;;!~Si5l~l1te         to   as!lCSS   and strengthen resettlement [K'licies. strategies, legal
                                     rramcworKs, and !>rccific plows at a country, regionaL                   Or sectoral lc\d:


                                     (h! financing of It'chnical ilssiswnce to strel\gthen the capacities of ;1g~ncieii responsible
                                     for resettlement. or of affected people \0 p;lrticipate mOre effectively in resettlement
                                     operations.

                                     (e\ tinancing of technical assistance for developing resettlement po;i(ies, strategies, nnd
                                     !lpecitic plans. and for implementation. monilOring. and t:\'aluadon t'( resettlement
                                     activities: ilnd



           33 TIlt.' 1'3;)1)).; in;I:' Jin;I!1Ce ;:i:!l..:r Ucl'mpUllclH of the main investmt'nt c:lllsing c!ispilcement and
           requiring rcsl.:ltlemen~. or a frr:~-slanding resettlement project wnh appropri:l.lc cross-conditionaliti:::$,
           rroc<.'ss.:d Jot! impkmt'nted in pora!\d \vilh the investmenl that CUlIses the di~plat~~rnent. Th~ Bank
           may finance rl;.'s.:nh:m~nt <:\I;.'n thOllgh it is nOI financing the- main in\,(:s!lll~m Ib;J1 f11akt's r~seHh=m..:nl
           n... ~:t!ssar:' .
~~------------------------------------------------------
     Operalional \.l;ml.JJJ - UP .; I~                                                                                                                                Page      ~   ot y




     I. "Ban\;" incit:dc5 IDA; "!<hU1;" Includc:s iDA cr~dit5 and IDA yrants. gllaram.:es. ProJ;:;:! Prep.l:all0o F~.:ill(y (PPF!
     advances lind gr;)o!s, ~lnd "p(,1jects" inclu.des projects under in) (ldaplabk program lending: (b) k;lrnill); ~nd mnovalllHl
     ;,;;ms: lei PP!< ;lIh.l IMtitu!i('ri.:l1 Dev=kpmenl Fund. (IDF.), if Ihl!Y include irWe,lme[l\ 01;:(1\ itks, (d) ~m:'\ts ... ndcr !hl:
     G!oba! Environment r;\dli:~ ;II'lJ :-'lol1lre.1l Protocol. fer which Ihe Bank is thl! irnplemef1\ing'c',\,,"cul:ng agency; lind it)
     gr:JIlL\ or leans pro\ idl!d by ('Il.e( donors Ina! arc admJllj:;rtred hy Ihl! Bank The telm "proj~(t" .::.X~ r1UI iliducc
     r-r.'t;r:lIns un(kr dl'vel!'rmt'n:         lending operations. "Bcrrcwcr" 1Iisn incll1d~s. wherever lht: ;on~<'x: requires, Ih.:
     gL:a~anlor      or tht proJ<cllm?~em<!niins ilgene),.
     :. In devising approa..:!l":'             (J   rc's.trrkm::m in B:u:J.:-ossisl;:d proje'IS. (lIter DOln"              P()IiCic~    ,l1o..:ld   b~ l:1h~r. lrltO ~:ct,un:. ;l>
     rt'l~v2.nt     Th<!;e   poilci~s in~llld~            Q£...:LOJ.,
                                                     £m'll'onmlllll.:J1 A '.H'SSlller:I, QE.:!.Jl:i. ,'/awru! Hubiltll.l Qr t Bi' 4, I0,
     !I"hge':::;/I.' Pc'vpi".L :un: (lp .I" t 'Iorthwmins). J.lrJ!.l!),~:!l.!i1.!1ut CIlItJII"lLLJ:rJ'l;X1D!.L();7It!·tilulJ1i:'J!..d.Px·iJtlrl~
     3 Tn" twn "(!;sp:Jc;:d p~~:iiIlf1;' n:t....r.s IV ~rS()ns WhD are IIfff'Ch!d in allY of Iht' ways described m para. 3 of this OP
     '\ D,spillced pe~son~ !Jfld~r I':lr.) Jib} ~h()llid be assisted in their efforts to Impr()Ve or restore In.:!! livclihuods to a
     111:mnef that      O1Jim;lin~ Ih~         stlsl:nnabilir, of the parks and          plotect~d      arens.
     ~ \Vh ... r~ there :In: ad . . c(~t' ill.:iin:":: ;ocial or ~Of1omic: imp:l:I$, il is good praclJce for _he h,mv\'''~ IL· und<lnal:, a ~otl;l.1
     ;I.s~c:~sm~n[ and impil!tnl!r.[ il'lC:lSUTc; In mintOllLt: ;lnull1iligale ~dv~r$<: economic nnd ~1J':13l unp;:'(;15. p"r.i~l.dorly up~)n
     puul' ,lIId yulner,\t>k g~oup~. O!l':.:r .:n"lrO!Hn~Olal. SCCi.;l1, ;llld e-.:orH)mic imp:,cl:' Ihal do 1101 1';:$14:( from b:1d taki:ll; may
     b: ii.i(mili~d ar,d JJdr~$5-.!d ,hr':JLf\ih cH\'irCtlm~IU;l1 :l5S<S:l.menf'l and other prO)~"1 repons :lnd in;rrLlm':!1t~
     6, This PL':ICY dl,)~;; nOI ap!=,ir 10 fcqrl(lion.> 0;' aCCtS5 1';1 I'IJl\lfal rt!soilf(;cs under c()!'nrmHlIly-ba~cJ proJcLls, i.~. wl,.:re thl:'
     C0JllI1H!nHY :";$H1~ ;n~' ~\!)(L)r.::r.':-:" d~.!"'':IJJt:'~ \i.,.1 rc,stri(t acct"ss to tht.·~~ resour\.:l..:s~ pre,,, iJ~J {h~~l In il'\,~C").Sr:h~flt sMist'~\,,:~,-)ry to
     lht: B:ink eSI(l();i~;i(:~ tf):lt t.1~ .., ""I_':1':~IW';ily v ....<.·r. . l\)n .. I?1.1k.tng pl£H"1...' 5'SJ is :aJL'i1l1ah\ ~J}d lh.~t;1 pr<J\idl'"s f!.'f ;~h:ntd~-.:~}tlc-n ",11'
     ~lrprc}~n::HC' ll\r'::":::-Llh.."). ~l) r:·.;lt;;~~te ~)J .. \'!!~~ irnp~";l~. JI' .lr);-. on tht! vulrlcr:lh!c m~nl~H.:r$. ()~"th( ~'orr.n;unl~) T>!",IS P.(~~H:.:;' :t!-:,\'
     \,L'c'> 'Hll ,ov~r ,,~'\I~~O fr\Hli n.!l~r:\1 ,!l~;\,,;..:rs "a!. Of ":1,,,1 ;lrll'~ (S,,~ Qe'!IJ',~ :;.0, Em"r):;"llri Ret'·"'':)'" AJj;\'/W!(L)
     ~ f:I.)~ pt;rpo~c..; \>f'rhi'i                     >1:i ...Jluncafy,-. rth.\ut;{ ~h..':h.JH3 lh~a lna! be !.1ki.~I~ \\.',!hptH Jhti d'j,pb . . (~d (lcf\t:a's in1'll rm,;d
     ":ell1S~nl 1)1 p\)\,,'r ,Ii dlOlce'
     :; "Lmd" in\..luJ", an~                 :;r,:m log ',11 or IXnnan.:ntly ;)fth(!d to 1;lrl\l. $1I,11 as bUilding;. Jlhl \:fe)l)', Tid, poli.;;. docs 110\
     a;'[1ly to                  ,,( r::H:.~:\: r..:,OI";';O or: ;r tt:tfrO!1;II.)( (cglol1:11 k\/l:1 to P!t l l1l()l<: ihdr SUSli)in.Jhdil:, ;.u.:h
                    rcg\:!;\ll'.~ns                                                                                                                    \\il!Nshcd     ;,t,
     l'\,ln:l~""!i :1:\, ;;"'"11<'" ,1\,'· lli,IO~", 11\\0'11. f:shcra.::; IlHm;\<icm;,:m, etc, Thc 1',111..:) ,oI"n U()c'S Ih.\\ <I rfliy :11 (bpu!\:~ !:Id ween
     privatI.' p:lrtl":<; in LUld 11:1i11:i rroj~':t". ;\I!l!\)ll,!;h it i~ ,;nlxl rrac!lc\! fOI ill..: lWfrlJw..:r 10 ll!l(krlJ.k,·.1 sl)~i;d ;1,sc~ml<':11 j1\,J
     Iml>h:I11CIU 11'~;j'lIr1.'\ ;0 lllldml!,C ,1!ld !I1ltlgalc Ju~,,:r~c so.,;i;d impacts. Cspcl.·;all;> liI,)s(' ,I)k,·:jf)~ Vill)f '''111 vuln.:!ahl~
     ~nI\W"
     \i For ~hl' ril\0(~I\~" t\!'th\'o- I»~o.:y, :"volnt~L}=-Y r~strn.:l~\,;(l (l( a<.:c\.·s'{ t.:()\,~:,) r,-:~~rl~li(lil5. en tnt: U~'..· \,1' r::"li',:i~~> ini~\)5\.!'d \H\
     r':l~pk~ L',,;n.~ .,l,lt:-,hL' l;~\.' :~,lr-\ \:.~ pr\~h':':h..·d an"~I, cr' ,Jr: Uh)Sl' tf.'tlO \.'(}{I(i;UH: L\'fl1g lno.:uh: "k~ ;>~lr~ t)f rj'Oh'~'h:d ;U(";l d\lr);l;
     ~Ind    .liL.:-r rrny:(t ttnpk·n~...:n[.1;j0n In ~~i~;;S \\h~rc nc\\' pad.:) and pr~""l~tled :In..';'\~ ~t! .... (:,It.:':H~d;t~ p,irl (,;r,ht..' PfoJt:CL p~r~ljr.,.
     \\ h~, k}?t! ')~h:!:~;. land. or Dl::~f J<;~"'\~ J!"C t:\}\'~f ~tJ t;rhkr p~HrL )ta) P\.·r~fHl'i ~\ hn lO$~ ~he\t~r in c\'l!-lftng p:ltks. :lnd
     !,'·:~i",,·,,;~~·d ~lrr\'s ;n·: ~lht, ;:'(i\er·.."101 ,;:~~\!t p;1r~1 .';(JL
        L Th~ ;.:rf}jll!l{a1Y H>.·.H.·ul...·lI;\.,I1! SI1t1rl,'f.!j!;J{lk prl'\ id~s :;c(~d pr:lct,ce ~uld\lfl(;t,,: tv Stan en \h~ pf)ip,;y,
      : I "K"pl;r;,'l,'lIl.:m (",,:" ·., 111" m.::~hod o!lial";Hi(l!1 of ,b;ClS 11\;1\ hclr~ dl!t~(min<: lh.z ;;nll)IJ'" sUI1icknt 10 repi;'~c io,:
     .,.,,";\$ ;IIlJ CDV\:: 1<'i:'""CIH'!l .... o~;s      III ;'Ippfying 111;~ )lkliltJd of valuMiofl. d.:prcci;l!io!1 u[ )lnIC/tU<.'.S "I,d :l55I.'!i 5houj,;j 1)(11
     1'<: 1.;I;~"   ;I\!"   ~L~Pur\t     ii',." 3 ..kt;!ikJ delinl!io~ of r~pl,,(ement cost. se.. Ann.;, /I., fnOl.10W I). r Of 1,)5><:$ lhat canON
     .;,\sily b. vn;u.:d M            CO!llpc'I~:':H,'d:'.'f 11\ rIltlJl<'I,!ry 'rrnl~ (.:,;;,. itCcess to public $~fvic"s. Cllsl()m,,~~. Jnd s\ippll~r$: ()r 10
      :',~>l,ill", :,:r:\/'II\:;. '5 f"'':51           ;:tl':lj',plS ;He mad .. (0 ..:s\,\oli:;h aCI:c:'s:; to <:"luivalen: ilnJ t.ultul'.lily .1Ct:;:Pl.:ll:;>lt: r::SOI);C,'"
                                               .,r.,;;\·,J,
     .1;1\.! ~arnil1l:! 'lrpN(Upitics Wh~rt dN:1~Slil: ia ..... dots liot mr:<t the standard of compensation :11 lull repiaccm~nt CQ'!>!.
     ,:0:11f'cnsoliioll tP,kr d,\r.'l:$:ic l.l .., "';;lppl.:l11\:l>lcJ b 7 nddifionnl rnC:\~llres m:,;:csSlIry to me.:! I~"': lcplJ.ct'mcnl (:c~t
     ;,'.~.:.n,,!ard. St;...:~ ~.Jdnh)fl~';~ ~~~:sr;\!H:t' ~~ distif!i.'l ('r<-lfH "cs~'t(f!ftlCM! ~ls$islanCC to         u(;"
                                                                                                                        rro'f,:df.,.ld tJ1}('k! f)th4.;'J' cJJws>,'s t,f para ()
      I:: If Ih~ re~,ljllall'r ;hc ,,>;~<:! t>t'If;g l:lkcn :5 no! economk:1!!Y \'labh:. c(lmpcllsmiol1 ani ellher rescHllt'~'.:r1! ;\SSlsl11n,c af,'
      prov;dt,;J ;:H. 'ftht t.:~:ln: J~"t'( h~J bt,:\,;'~l \a~t!n,
      . 3 Th<.' ahern;)1 ',,' a~).:l.l '-':-: ::>r(i\'ld\:.: ,,\ It·, l\d~I::;Jk h:n::n:.> lrrafl~t'mt'nI, The' CO$I ,;·f ,1J!~milli\ c rolt'knl'Ji )Wll~lnu.
       H':';"iIl~ ,;lIe" b\lsin~$, Fell: I)"", ;lIH 1.)grlcultu,,;1 :;il~s W h~ provided can be ,.;L o;t' ;ltc"!Il;i.1J] .1~ pdr! 0(,11"                        -
      ":~"IT',P("ft~;ttiDn PJ~ at'h.' I:):' t:~e ..:('~respllndf~1g. asset k'~L
      :..: Sud\ SIJPP1.1n cnukl !;\~~ th~ L'frn ()(,llOlf-{t!rm j{Jbs, suaSiStcfl.;t: SlJPI'NI. 5JI,:f: nwirHl!n:ln,<',lr ~jl1JJi:lr ;mangen:enl'i
      i 5. Set: QlI Illl~ ,1.10. h:,fl,"':I;:lIl1 /,,:1)1'/(1.'
       16 SC~ o.t.~J).j, .\\//111'(11 H.,t"/hil;'
      j7 .. \~ a g~rll'r~r prin,·ip!e. this applies iftht land t;ll\t!l1 CC.1stiWllt5 It'SS Ih~!n ;;O~·c l1flhe 10:.11 p10olJrtivl' area.
      I ~ r:~'b 1~,l'; d.i Ill'l ;l['P:: ·· ,             ;':I~ ,.,vt:r ... d Illilkr r;',ra. ifh) <'f Ihis floll.::\-' Th~ ~\II;i"i"I:..~r"",rlJ Il'! di);Jlacd
      nersoos ul\d~( ~ d1) :If.! (,0\er~d lIn;l~r the prOCeSS frtlml!wQrk (sct! p~\ras, 7 .lIlt! 30 j,
      i'l, S(l..:h d,llllh ":\'IlIJ \1<: ,j,:n,ed trvlll athcrse P{1,S\!ssil1l1. from ~"mi!lu<:d possession Qf pabi;c 1::mJs II i!J,\)U!
      ~"'\<:rn:lI~m ;1..:11',':', l<'r!.'1 I~,:,':i 'lhaIIS, \\llh Ihc implicit k:tvc of thl.' :,!ov<!rmm:nil. (}r f:'om (US:,ill\i\(\ ::wJ (;a.:!::ioaal k.\
      ~l~ld USJ t!\! , ~'LJ S(' \.:n
      :0. It~~cttktn~n~ \i~·.);S\'!~h<: nit,):· ..:t)l1~i~1 of I~\nd, ...'tn..:r "lS5~'~. t:a~h. cUlpiuYfn(..tnt, ~ind so Oi1, .J;i JPp:{)pn~H~
      : I 'lorll1:Iit~ Ih., ':U!·,\!'f \!.l'~ is lh,' J:.II<: thl.' Celhll~ beglfl" The cUI,off date nlllid aiso be th' J::lc Ih<: pnl}':'l ilr.:u Wi\o
      J"lin~;Ild, prll"1 :.,: thlt \.,':1,,1;, r:""J,'d Ih.1I ~ht'r ... h:.J$ b<:1.'1I ;111 l:t'f\'.:tl\,1:' punl,..: d"<'<"llllnJI"'~ ;;1' 1I1I'(ltm;)l10n ()l1lh~ an,',l
.~,:):-------------------------------------
    Operational Manual * OP 4,12                                                                                           Page '7 01   ';f



    delineated, and sY~!1::mi.llic and continuous dissemination subsequent to :he delineation \0 prevent fUr1her popu!:nion
    in!1ux,
    22, For projects that are highly risky or contentious, or mat involve significant and complex resettlement activities, the
    borrower should normally engage an advisory panel ofindependent, internationally recognized resettlement ~pccialisl5 to
    advise on all aspects of the project relevant to Ihe resettlement activiHes. The size. role, and frt'qucncy of mel.::mg depend
    Nllhe complexity of the resettlement. If independent technical advisory panels are established under 01' ,",0 I,
    £nl'ironmenral Asse.urII<ml, the reseniemenl panel mily form part or the envIronmenfal pllnd or e"pens.
    S::c !'!J.!·)",,;rf.U!..'1!1U!.iJ!.fJ:..vJl Di.~rJ!J.Jllli..!JfJ...njJ!'1JJJJ1J!J.IJ, para. 34, (Washington. DC.: \Vo(ld Ban/.:, 2002}
    :-1 An exc~p1l0n 10 this requirement ma~' bt: made \1\ highly unusui:\! circumstances (such as emergenc), n:c;J'"ry
    otl~rations) with lh~ appro\'~1 nf B:\:1k MnNgemen! (see aE.ti~, para. 8). In su~h cases, the Management'S cppro\,;;!
    stipulates a timetable a:1d budget for developing 111e resenlemenl plan.
    :~ Imp,lcts are conSidered "minor" iflhe affected people life no! phy~ically displaced and !eS$ Ihl'l" 10% of their
    produClive assels are los!.
    :6, h,r pu.rpose cfthis paragraph, Ihe term    "Subpfoje~ts"   includes componenls and subcompuncnts.
      ------------_ __                                                ....     .

        Operational Manual - BP 4.12


                                                                                                                      DP 4.12
                                                                                                                 January 1001



         Tht'sc procedures were prepared for usc by World Bank staffand are not neccssari(v ,1 compiell.'
        lrel1lment attlle subject.


                                               Involuntary Resettlement
         ~            t:;   =                                                                              _
        NOle: Qr. lind l3P 4.12 together replace 00 4.30, Involul1tllry Rf.'st'tf/emenf. Tbi.5 01' and DJ' apply \0 all projtdS
        for which :1 Project Concl:pt Review lakes place on or after January 1.2002. Questions may be add rrssnl 10 Ihe
        Director, Sodal Ocyelopment Depllrtment (SOY).



~~      1. The planning of r~stl!t(!emcnt activities is an integral part of preparation for Bank-assisted l projects
        rhill cause involunlM)' resettlement. During project identification, the task team (TT) id~nti(ies any
        po!cnli;}1 invo!unlo.ry res\!l!kmt'ntl, under the project. Throughout project prDccssing, th", 'IT consulb

        tIll.: regional sochll development unit,.3 Legal Vice Presidency (L EG) :.lOU, as neCl.!ssary, thl.'
~"®     RcsdlkmC'r1l Committee {sec para, 7 of Ihis BP).

        2. When a prupnscJ rrojc(.·r is likely 10 involve inVOluntary rcscttlem~nt, the TT informs the
        bl)rW;Wr oj' the: pre\ i~i,'n'; uf OP/BP 4.12. The TT nnd bo!T\.)\\w slaff



-              (a) asseS.S thl.! nalllrl.! and tn::lgnitudc of the likely displ:1ccm..:nt:


               (h) .:xplor~ till viabk alternative projl!ct designs to avoid, where fcasibh:. or miniml;:c
                  .                J
               l tl::;pl'I~CmC!ll:



               Ie) assess the legal framework covering resettlement and the policics or' the government and
               impkrncnling ug..:ndcs (identit:,tlng Imy inconsistencies between such policies nnd the Bank's
               policy);

               Cd) review p:;st borrower and likely implementing agencies' experience wilh similar
               operations;

               (\!) discuss with the agellcies responsible f()r rc:;ettlement the policies and institutional, leg:!1.
               and consultative amngements for resettlement, including measures to address any
               inconsistencies between government or implcm<.'nting agency policies and Ban.k policy; and

               (I) discuss any lechnical aS$ist;:mce to be provided to the borrower (see QJ:3.JJ. para. 32).



        3. B:Jscd   \)0   the   rI!\   iew of relevant r<.':sculemenl issues. the TT agrees with the Regional social
        development unit and LEG on the type of resettlement instrument (rcseHlcml:m plan, abbreviated
        (l'sdlleml.'nl plan, n:st'lIkmenl policy framework. Or process framework) and the scop~ and the leve!
        of detail required. The TT conveys these decisions to the borrower and also discusses "vito the
'"
~~------------------------------------------------
        Operational Manual - BP 4.12                                                                                Page :2   01';\




                                                                    ,          5          h . . r
        borro\ver the actions neces~ary 10 prepare the resettlement Instrument, agrees on! e !mung lor
        preparing the resettlement instrument. nnd monitors progress.

        4. The IT summarizes in the Project Concept Document (peD) nnd the Projcct Information
         Docllmt:!nt (PID) available information on 'he nature and magnitude of displacement and the
         rest::nlemcm instnlll1cnll(l be used, <Inci the IT periodically updates tht: PID as project planning
         proceeds.

         5. For projects \-.ith impacts under para. 3 (8) ofQ_P_4J2, tht TT assesses the t~')llo\Ving during
         project prepuration:


               (u) the extent to whicn project d~signal!emarives and optiooslo minimize and mitigate
               involuntary resettlement have been considered;

               (b) progress in preparing the resettlement plan or resettlement policy tramework and i1S
               adequacy with respect to QP:t12. including the involvement of affected groups (lno lh~ extent
               I<J which the, kIt''> of such groups are being consider(!u;


                (c) propo!;cd critcri,l t{)r digibilily   or displ"ccd persons for compens:HlOn and olh..:r
                r~sel\ km\;nl (Issi~;'H1cc·.


                I J} lhe k\J;;ibi! il)' Qr lhe proposed resettlement measures, including I'ro'.lsions lor sites if
                nl.!cd(.'d; funding ti)r all rcseukment activities, including provision of cotmtcrp(lrt funding Oil
                lIn ;1l1i1l1al ba~!~: \~1": kg:\1 framework; :md implementation :lnd monitoring nrr~\I1g<:mcnts: Jnd

                k) it' sun·l<.:icnt land isnot available in projects involving displaced persons whos~ livdihooJ~
                arc blnd-hasd.illKl fQr 'whom a :and-b~l$~d rcsclllcm..:nt slrJI<:gy is (hI! prcfl.'rrcd l'ption. Ih..:
                cvid..:oc.c or lack L)r a~h:qua(c land (01'.4.12. para. 11).



         6. For projects with impacts under para 3 (b)         l')t'   ell? 4_J 2. the TT asst;sses thl.! lollowing during
         projccl prC1X1[J!ion:


                (u) the e.\tent w which project design alternatives and options to minirnile and mitigate
                involuntary rC5cUIemenl havl!: been considefcd~ and

                (b) progress in preparing the process framework and its adequacy in respect to 0l:.-.4..J2,
                Including Iii\! 41l.h.:quJcy of the proposed partkipatory approach; criterin for eligibility of
                disp1;H;cd persons: funding for reseltlemef)t~ the legal framework: a~~mentation and
                rnonituring urfangcrm:nts.                                                .



          7. Th.: TT m;l) :L'<.\",':il ,) m..::lill';; wi~h the R~sc!t!cmcnt Committee to obtain endorsement of. N
          guidance on. (~l) the rn,mner in which it proposes to address resettlement issues in a project, or (b)
          clarifications \.111 th;: application and scope of this policy. The Committee. chaired by the vice
          president responsible for resenlement, inclUdes fhe Director, Social Development Departm~nr. J
          ro::prc!il:ntativc from LEG. and two representatives from Operations, one of whom is from the sector
          oCthe pruject bl.'ing discus~e(L The Committee is guided by the policy and, among other sources. thl!
          fnl'o/unr;Jf}l Rt:st·ttlt:mr::nr Sourcebook, which will bt: r~gular!y updated to n:ilcct good pr~lclicc.
""'----------------
    Opera.tional \tnnuai · BP 4.\2                                                                            P:lge :; of .)




                                                         Appraisal

    8. The borrower slIl:>mils 10 the BUllk a resettlement plan, a resettkment policy framework, or a
    prates!) framework thol conform with the requirements of or 4. t 2, as a condition of appraisal for
_   projects involving involuntary resettlement (see 0f...:!.J.2, paras, 17,) I). Appr:li~.11 may be authoril.cd
    before the plan is completed in highly unusual circumstances (such as emergency recovery
    operations) wi:h Ihe approval of the Managing Director in consultation with the Rl.'scnlemcnt
    Comminec. In ~uch cnst:s, the TT agrees wilh the borrower on a timetable lor preparing and
    li.lmishing \0 the Bank the relevant resettlement instrument that conforms with the requirements of
    Ol)...l,

    iJ. Once the borrower officially transmits the draft resetth:ment instrument to the r1:.mk, 8ank staff-
    including Ih~ Regional r\!settkmcnt specialists and the lawyer-rl!vie\v it, determine wht:thcr if
    providl.!s an adequate! basis for project appraisal, and advise (he Regional sec/or management
    accordingly. On.:e approvullbr 41ppmisal has been gwmed by the Country Director, the TT sends the
    drnn resettlement inslrum..:nt to th..: B(mk's InfoSi:hop.1l The TT nls,) prepares and sc:nJs the English
    language excnItlve summary Qt' the        dr"n      rCsctl!cfncnt instrument to Ihe Corpor:l1c Secrctllri:lt. under
               or
    covc.:r a tran\irnittal memorandum conlinning !hut the executive somm:ll) and Iho.: draft
    tl!scltlcmcrH inSlmml.'nl nr..: slibjl.'ct II..) change during appraisnl.


    10. During rrt'jec! appnmal. the Tr ilS$l!S:;'C::; (.1) Ihc borro\l,'cr's commiUn~ll\       \0   nod capacity   I'M
    impkmcnling the r":::iI.!Uh::ml.!t1l Instrumenl', (b) the tcu:>lbility 01 the proposd mc~\surcs lor
                                     or
    impruvem..:rl\ or rl!SlCr~lIinn livelihoods and !itam.hmj:; of living: (C) u\'uiJ:lbiill}         ur
                                                                                                  dO\?qualc
    \:ollnlctpnrt runtis for rC:icltkmcfit :tuivitics; (d) signitk41nt risks. including ri$k ofirnpovcrishml.!llt.
    (n)111 inaJcqualc impicmc.'nl:l! ion ",I' the rcsl.!llkmcnt instrument; (~) com.lslcm:y llr lhl.! rroflns~d
    fcsl..'llkmcnt instrument wilh the Projcct tmplementation Plan; and (n the adc\{uaey 01' mrangcmcl1(s
    for iml.:rn'll. :lml i r ccnsidcrcd a['lpropri:uc by the TT. indcpcmit.mt m\)ni[orjn~ lInJ evaluation of Ihl:
                                                           .
    impkmcnt;ltion of the n.:sett \.:I111.:nl instmmcnl.' The TT obtains II'..: conl.'mro.:m:c of Lhe.' Region;,r
    .social ;,!..:v .... l\lpmcnt llnil o.nd LEG \Q (my ..:hangcs to the dr:llt n:sculcmcnt in:;lrLllncnt during projl,:.;t
    apprai~,,1. l\ppmis.lI is c:\)mpkt~ only when the borrower ot"ticinlly lransrni{s (0 the Bank the /in;]l
    dran resett\cment instrument conforming 10 Bank policy (Ql!_~.12),

    I!. In ihe Pw)cd Appmi!>;)1 Document (PAD), the n describes the rcsl:ttlcml!nl is:,lIcs, propl.,sed
    rcs\!\tlcmenl 'lnstrument and measures. and the borrower's commitment to unci institutionar .:lnci
    tinanc:inl capacity for implementing the rc~etllement instrument. The TT als\..) discusses in the PAD
    the feasibility of the propost!d rcsdrlerncnt measures and          'ne
                                                                     risks associaleJ: \vith rcseuli:ment
    impiern<"nt.:l!io/}. In the <111M., 10 the PAD, the TT summarizes the resettlemenl provisions. covering,
    inter alia, basic information on affected populalions, resettlement measures. institutional
    arrangements, timc\:.lble, budget. includjn~ adequa.te and timely provision of coulHerparl funds .·md
    performance monitoring indicators. Till:! PAD ann~x shows fhe overall COSl of resettlement as a
    distinct part of proje<.:t costs.

     12. The project description in the Loan Agreement describes the resettlement component or
                     Til,; kgal ~lgh·':m('r.:$ provide for the borrower's obligation !O curry OUI the relevaot
     :iubc()ll1pvn":l1l.

     rcscllkm;.:ni inSllumelll and ki:l.'p the Bank informed of project implcmcnl;l\ion pr~}gress.8 At
     negotiations, the borwwer and the Bank agr"::e on the resenlemcnl plan or re:-;.,;ll!emcnt policy
     fr;lmew\lrk ur proCt;SS framework. Before presenting the project to the Board. the TT confirms IhJt
     thc responsibk aUlhority of (h~ b()rrQ\';cr and any impieml.'ntatlon ogeney h,l\ t.! provided linal
     approval of thl.! fI.:k\·Jn! rcst'uh.'ml!nt instrument.
    ~~-----------------------------------------------
         Opcr:\tional Manual - BP -+ 12                                                                           Page -' of:)




                                                                Supcnision


         13. f{t;:cognizing the   itnpC'rtanc~ of c!0:,1: nnd                       2
                                                                freqtlcnt supcrvislOn (0 good   re:;~ltfcrnt:!nt Oll[COfJl~S.
        the Rt:.:gional vice president, in coordination ",.. ith the relcvant country dir!!ClOr. ~n$tlres that
        appropriate measures are established for the effcc~ive supervision of projects \lii:h involuntary
        fcsenlcmC!'nt. For this purpose. the country director allocates dedicaled funds /0 adcqua/ely supervise
        rcsettlement, taking into account the magnitude and complexity cfthe resettlement component or
        sl!bcomponent nnd the need to involve the requisite social, financial. legal. and technical experts.
        Supr:rvision should bt: carried out wilh due regard to the Regional Action Pion tor Rts\!'ulement
               .. LQ
        . upcrvlslon,
        S

         14. Throughoul project impicmcnrnrion the TL supcrvises the implementJ:ion of the reseukrnenr
         instrument em;unng that thc requisite social, fimmdal, legal. und technical experts nre included in
        supervision missions. Supervision foclises on compliance "vilh the legal instruments, Includingrhe
         Pruject lmpkmcluation Pbn and the resettlement in:m~lmC!1I, nnd Ih.e TT dIscusses any deviation
         fmm the agn:ed instruments with the borrower and n:ports it to Region;)! :vlann:;:cm.:n: fur prompt
        corrective action, The TT regularly rev!!!\\;; (hI.! inll.:rnal. and where IlppI\cabll,), independent
        moniloring rl.~po:·ts 10 ensure thai the findings and recommendations of thc monitoring exercise Zlre
        being inCOrpOr:lICd in project impit:mcnl.Hion, To Ibcilil:lIc alimely response tv probkms ()r
        opportunities that may arb;,: with respeci \() reseLllcmcnt. Ihl! TT reviews proj,",cl n:scUkml!flt
        pbnning and impkmenl<1(ion during the C<1r1y S(;lgcs of prop.:cl impkmcnlnli(HI. On the bnsis of Ihc
        findings of (his review, the 1'T engages the borrower in di:;ellssmg amI, If ne-:t;;~;lry, ;':mcnJing the
        I'l:h!vmn resettlement In:;trumcnt to nchicvl: thl: uojecti\ cs or 11m pl.d:cy

        15 For proje\;\s W\~I\ impact:> t.:ovlCrtd unuer para 3(b) or OP 4.12.1111: Tl :.l~,:-;c:;s..:s til": p!~m obelion
        10 ddcrminc the feasibility of the mcasun:s 10 assist (he dj~placcd pCiwns IP Impr0\c tm <It h:as(
        rcsu;rc in fl!U! terms to pre-project ur pri!-disp!ilccmcnt levels, whiche\i:r is higher) Iheir livelihood:;
        with due regard {", j~c sWlIi1lntlbilily of the m!lural rl.'sourc~. <Jf\d accordin~ly illferms the Rcgion:1!

-       vlallagcmcnt, (he Regional social ocvclopmcl1t unit. and LEG. The TL makes the pl;m nf actlun
        available to the public through the lnroShop.

        16, A projcd i:; nOI cunsjckrcd comph:tc-and Bank supervision continues-until the resl~tt\cmcnt
                 set out in thl:! rckv::mt fl.'!sellicmcnt inslnlmcl1t have been imp!cm~n!cd. Upon completion ot
        m~;)sur':$

        the pmjccL the Impkm.:n((ltion Completion Report (lCR)" valtlat~s the achi::vcmtnt of the
        0bj..::ctives of the rescttlerr.ctH in::;lrumcnt and k~sons f;'lf futllfC operati'Jns and summarizes In.;:
        findings or the borrower'i) Ilssessmenl re/erred to in         P:lr;l, 24. J 1 !f Ihe ':valuotion suggests
        thaI lhe objt'c[!vCS of the resettlement instrument may not be n:aliled, the ICR i1Ssc:;s!!'s !h~'
        npprorriat~m:$s of Ihe r~scttlernent mcasUlcs and may propose a future ('ours\" of ;}I.:tior., including.
        as appropriate. continued supervision by the Bank.

                                                 Country Assist:lm.'c Strlltcgy

         17, In countries with l sl!rics of operations requiring n:settkmcnt. the ongnillg country and sector
        dj;dogul.' w1th the g0vanmcnt should include any i:ii'lIc:s pCftoilling W tho:: cl.lUntry·:; policy.
        instil\ltil.ln;JI, and !ega' framework 1(.)( rcsetllcltlt:nl. Bank s!nff should re t1ecl lht!sc issues il, country
        ,,:curlomic and St!I.'\I.)f work and in Ih~ Cuunlry Assistance Strategy,
~------------------------~-
  Operational Manual - BP 4.12                                                                                                                   Page .5 of:5



        l. "Bank" includes IBRD and IDA; "loans" includes IDA credits aod IDA grants. guarantees, Project Preparation
             Fad/icy (PPF) advllllc¢S. and grants; and "'projects" includes projecls under (a) adaptllble program lcltding: (b)
            learning and innovmioll loans; (c) PPrs and Institutional Development Funds (IDrs), if they include investmcnt
            acti\'icies; (d) grants under the GIQbal Environment Facility and Montreal Proloc'oi for \.-hicl! the Bank IS li'le
            impiemel1ting/c:<ceuling agency; and (e) granlS or loans provided by other donors that :m: adm inistcrcd by the
            3.1Il1i'. The term "project" docs not include programs under development policy iending operations, "Borrower"
            also indud~s. where-ver (he context requires. the guarantor or the project imp~emenling agcn(;y.
       2. S.:e OP,~t ! 1.       //1volunl:.uy Rt::;cfth'mc'{lf.

       3. Ullir or deparlmenl in lhc Region responsible lor rt:5cnlemeJ'1I issues.
   4.      The Bank satisfies itself that [he borrower has explored ~I! viable alternative projeci :I(~igns [0 avoid involuntary
           rcsertlement undo when it is nol fensible to avoid such resettlement, to minimize rhe ,s.:ale 3fld impacts of
           rcsclI!ement (for examph:, re<llignment ohonds or reduction in dam heigh! mny reduce rescr,lemenl needs}. Such
           a[h:rnarivt' d(sign~ should be consistent ..... ith other Bank I'olicit!s,
   5.      Such (I(;lioo$ ma), induJe. for example. developing procedures ror est~blishing eli(!,ibilily for re5elticmcnt
           ;l;;sist.;lm:e; clmciuc!illg .;ocioccorlomic surveys Ilnd legal un;tl),$.e,,; c(lrrying out puoh!: consultation; identifying
           resettlement sites: cvalualins op!iOl)s lor improvemerlt or res/oration of liveliho.xl£ :lI1d standnrds of living; or. III
           lhe cast: of highly rISky or contenl ivus projects, engaging u pane! of incicpe"deol. ml<:m.ltionaliy re~ogni2~d
          n:scukmenl spcciaiisl.s,
   6.     Sec T"::::.!Y.'!.r..{c1!!~I!!k t:.('.0:'.Ycn_DJ~,:!..u!..~1!'-:.!?D!liiHfTE1.i{!,!. para. 34, (Washington. DC World Bank. 20{)2).

   7. for      rJrlJJ~cls     with imp;I<':!S(;()vl:red under p:tr:L:; {b) of9J~i;l?, rtle onJlysis rcfard Cu               lrt   tl!) and (d) abo,!: is
          c:mid out \\nell ,1,,: pJ:lIl cfa,'liofi is ("wished 10 th~' n.lllk {scc pora. 15 oflh ·· BP}
   Ii. In    ca~c of n:st!ukmcnt [Jollcy fi':lIl'lcw{)rk. Ihe !lNfOW;:r'S obli!;:\llon abo indlltks prl.·p:!ril1g ,1 rcscllJcmem plan III
          .l::";vrt!;wc,, with ;Il.: fr;mICWJrk. fm .:nch slfb-prujl'(;1 gi\'l/l£ (lSI: Itl d:sp);u.:cm;:nL :llld furnishing 1110 be the B.mk
          !"lr approval prior w l:n\)h:mt:!1la,iol1l,rlh~' 5\1b-vruj~':L

  \),    S,e   U!~frH) 13.05, I'n~IL'C( SlIpcrl'i'ioll.




  11, Sec OP/IW 1),$5,              IlfIplcm.'1J(iJlWII CIJlI7pkrivn I<rP()fl.

  !2      TI1<: leI{ 's :m''''$>m~rt! or !ht: cxtcllilo which n.'5('~·lcmcm objl."..:ti ....!s wen:   f<':II;ir...:l! " Ill.'rr,\:\lly   ImscJ on a
          sodo<:curlomje !iur ......;- of ;,il'<:clcd people condu<'lcJ at lh~ lime of fm,lj..::.:r c():nph:li"f1, lind l;jk"~ inlO           llCI;Ollnl   the
         ntcn\ of dt~pl~H:cm.;'rH. ;\milhc imp;\cl of:hc projed on the livelihoods ,)f displ;\,;t:d persons and ~n)' host
          {";onltfl{Hllrics
.~<--------------
     Operational \1anunl - B? 4.36                                                                                     Pagclof2


                                                                                                                             BP 4.36
                                                                                                                      Ja nllllry 1002



   , ThesE:' procedllres   \:~~e p/epared.fbr lise by World B~nk ;;aj/and are nor f/('ct'ssoril.v (/ complefl!
     In'(/l!llenl o/t;,e suhject.



                                                                Forests
  !F~~tc:; Of 11011 BP .'-36, Fortst.v, rcplace
                                      .         or    and Gi' -4,3<', Fore...,,.)', dated September !99J .. alld an: based on A
                                                                 .                     '.                                       l'=:;
                                                                                                                                '


                                                                             cu.u,,~
                                                                                                                                      i

   !Rl!v;sctl Fonsls .slf"f81.'y/t>r the Wurld Hi/II'" Grollp. endorsed by the lJonrd or EncutlH Directors on Orlobtr :'1,            I
   '1001. Olher rdaled B;\Ilk pOlicies include   or     ·1.0 I, E"nvirollmellflll A.fSf!MU/CfIf, OP ·1.0 .., -"awful IIrrMftJir, OP   I
  1/"1 ·. h.Jig,,,,,m ,,.pk.<. or 4.11 ((.,"n.m;··)· .\I.".,,,",,,, of           hopm]> in. Bun'.F!>,"""d P"j'm.        .
  !alld OP ".12, IIwulllll((/rY ReStffhmlelll. Thfse or and BP apply 10 al/ projects r~r whIch :\ PrOject COflcept                    I
 I
 .I
    He\'iCW takes plaer :lr~cr January .,,2003. Questions mIl)' be _Dddrrssed to rhf D,rrcIM. RurJI Dtvelopnlen!
 :,Oep:lrlmcnt, or the DITectllr, Ennronmenl D~ar(me~t, ESSD....                      ", ' "
                                                                                                                       I!
                                                                                                                   -.-J}


  I. When (h~ Hank id~n(i!lcs (he rotcnti:d t~,r its COllntry Assislance Strntegy (CAS) !~\ h:lVl: a
 signilic;lnr lfnpaC! ll)](I[1 rorl.:s(s, (he country dcpnrtmenc ensuI"Cs thaI the for,'SHclateJ concerns Me
 appropriately addn.!!iscd in the CAS.

                                                    Project Pr<'pMlItion

 ~, Early in rroJCCI pm..:~%tng. thc task tcarn UT) consults with the Regional Cn\'ifor.rncmuf sector
 unir aml,;\;-; ncccs.~ary. with [SSt) lind other Networks 10 iJentit'y forest iSS~l\':~ likely to ari$c dlJring
 the pro.lec!

 J. ror cach projcl.:( (on:red undcr the scopc of the policy :IS sct forth in OP ~.3ti. par:.!. 3. 13i1nk $Ia:l
 ensure that an EA category is assigned in accordance with the requirements o(()I'.I[3P 4.0 I,
 Environn1cmal r\ssc$smcnl. :\ project with the pN~l1liaJ for conversion or dcgr:ldalion of nalural
 (orcsts ur l~lher nalural habitats thaI is likely     1(1 have signific:1nl advcrse cnvimnml.·ntal imp<1cts Ihill
 arc sen.sitl\c. divcrse. or lmprcc..:Jcolcd is classiticd as C1!cgory 1\; projects ~)lhcrwi:;c invol . . ing
 rorl'SI~ 0r (.lthcr f1o((lral habitats ilfC classiticd as Category S, C. or FI, depending on the lype,
 locution, sC!1s·ttivlly. :md scnk of the project and the nat lire ami magnitud\.· of its em ironmcntal
 irnpncls. 1

 4. Dllring projc<.:( rr..:paration. the TT ensures Ih~lt the borrower provides Ih~ Bank with an
 aSSCS5ment of lhe ndcqu,lCY of land usc allocations for the management, conservntj.,m. and
 SllsI3inabk dC"e\opmenl of forests, including any additional ~ltocations nlC'l'dl:d to protect nitica!
 forest areas. This assessment proviJl:s an invcnt()ry of such critical forest ::m:Js. nnd IS under1aken at
 ;1 spatial seait.' IhJt is ecologically. socially. Hnd ctllttlrally approprinte for thc forest area in which the
 project is located. Thl.: assessmcnl involves all affected partks in accordant ..' wilh Qf:. 4,-O~, /\futuro}
 lfubi((I/.\'Z, and is subject to indepcndem scientific peer rCYie\\,.3 In addition. in accordance \vilh QP
 4.1 :1,. Involuntury Resettlement, and O"p'lae 4.10, lndigmo/lJ Peoples. the IT ensures that the
 borrower ilSSCSSC:) the jX1tcntiai impact of [he project on local communities. including their lcg:lI
 rights of ;t\,;Cess to. :lnd usc ot: deSignated forest areas, If the projeC't involves investments in rorests
 under (W ::I}6. par;), 11, ihe TT ensures Ihnt the borrower also asscsst!s the 1¢<lsibiiit>         gi"ing    ur
 pr~fcr":IKc to sm:!lI·scalc. cOnlmunity level harvesting appro<lchc$ (0 harness the p,llemiui 01' forest~;
 Ie rt'dth:~ po\'\!rty in a sust;tlnablc munnl!r.




 ) if (he pn'j-:I:t iml'in::; h;\I'vcsling L1p\!r~tions to Ol! 1i11,II1~cd by the Bank unJer Of> -tJ6. paras. \)(0)
                                                                                                                Page I 01 ,::.



                                                                                                          OP 4.01 - Anl)ex C
                                                                                                                JanuOiry t999



 These policIes Here preporl.rd fiJI'          lise   by World Bank 5lC1ffand ore nOI ncces.\·a/,il.v L1 complete
;,rea/ /IIel1! o( flu: slIbject


                                       Environmental Manageluent Plan
1. A project's enviwnmt:n::ll management plan (EMP) consists of the set of mitigation, monitoring.
and institutional measures to be taken during implementation and operation to diminate advt:rse
environmental ;:md social imp<lc!.s, offset rbem, or reduce them rc acceptable levels. The plan also
includes the actions needed to implement these measures! Management pians Urc cssential elements
(If EA repons for Category A projects; for many Category B projects, the EA may result in a
I)):magcmcnl plan only. To prepare a management plan, the borrower and its EA design team (a)
identify {he set of respons~s to potentially adverse impacts: (b) determine resuirements for ensuring
that those responses are mude effectively and in a limdy manner; and lC) describe the means for
m<!cting those r\:quir¢ml!n(s.~ ~vf0re specitically, rhe EMP includes the folk)\\rtl;?: components.



~.   The E:'[P id:::!1tlJies   !~J.$ibk   ::Illd cosl-cffecti",·   1111!:t$UfCS   that may reduce potentialiy significant
ad\l.'rsc c!lVlronmt'nt:11imp:ll:!s to ;lccl!plable Icv¢ls. The plan includes comper.~nwry mi,::lsun:.s it"
mi:i:.!:Hi011 I1H.:aSllrl'S ;1r'O! nct I::;\sibk. cosHdtective. or 5uflicicnt. Sp¢ciiically. :he EtI:!P


         (:11 Ickn;ilil.'s .1l1tl Sll:nm~lfl2,I'S all anti:.:ipil!cd signitlcant adverse clwiwllm.:nt:d imp:.lCIS
         {:i1cll1dil1~ !ho~l' 111\ol\         Imligc!1ous Pl'"pk~ or involuntary rt.:scttkmcn:l:

         (b I dcsl:rib~s-wjth l~chnicul d<;:lails-~ac h mitigation tneLlStlre. includmg (he f; PI.;' of imp,H:!
         It~ \\hil.:h it rel~tc> nnd Ih~ condilil:\l1s under which it is n:quired (e.g .. t;':,)OIinllously or in the
         o,;'.<!n\ 01' ( ..mlingtmcie~). logctht:r with designs. equipment descriptiuns. and operating
         rrt>\;<:dur~s. ;!s   aprr,'pri:lt¢:



         ,d! pl'~)\ ILk, L::bg': \\ith any other mitigation pl:m:, (e.g .. for invo!unt~lfy rcsctticme!1l.
         indigenous Pwples. or cultural property) required for thl: project.


,1/OIIIIOI'Ilig


~, Ell\ ir,J!1mcntal monitoring during project implementation provides information about key
::n \il(1nmCnlal u:'ipectso f lh~ projet:t. prlrticularly the enviroli!n\!otal impacts of the project and the
I'ff~cti\t.~nt'sS ofmitigatil\11 measures. Such information enables the borrower and the Bank to
,'\ ~\Ili~ill: the succt:S!i Qr mitigation :IS pari of Pfl)j~ct super\'isiol1, and allows corrective aCllon to be
taken \\111.:11 Il~edcd. Tht'refo;e. lht: EMP identities monitoring objectives and specifies the type of
mOnih)ting. with Jinkag~s l() the impacts ns.sess~d in th~ SA report and the mitigation measures
dl.:$cribcd in the E~1P Sp:!citically, the monitoring section of the EMP provides

(a) a s,~cinc description. and technical details, of monitorinb: mC;'ISUrI.!S, including thl! parameters to
be mea~\'ired. methods tv be us.:d, sampling locations, frequency of mt'US'lfCn1t"nts. detecti · ilmi[s    .)n
(\\ here appr,)priall.'). ;lflJ (.k(milion ,.f tlm:sholJs lh:.lt will sign:.!1 the l1ec:d for corrective ac tions: and
    Op~ralionaJ       Manual - OP 4.0! -- Anne:\ C                                                                            Page 101 2


    tbl monitoring and reporting ;:>rocedmes [0 (i) ensure early detection of condith.'>ns that necessitate
    particular mitigation measures. and (ij) furnish informotion on the progress and results of mitigation,

    Capacily D.:ve/opmc!I1r and rrtlining

    4. To support timely and effective implementation of environmental project components and
    mitigation mensures. the E['vfP draws on the EA's assessment of the existence. role, and capability of
    environmental units on site or at the agency and ministry lc:veL J If necessary, the EMP recommends
    !he establishment or cx.pan:;ion of such units, and the training of staff. to allo\v implementalion of EA
    recornmend~ti0ns Spt~cilicafly. (he E:vrp provides a specific description of institutional
    ;mang\:!fl1\!nts-\vho is responsible for carrying oUlthe mitigatory and monitonng measures (eg .. for
    u;:,crc;lion, :;upenision, enforcement. monitoring of implementation. rem~\iial (lcrion. financing.
    rtponing. and stlff truining)         strengthen environmental management cap,lbliity in lhe agencies
    responsible for impkmcntatioil. most EMPs cover one Or more of the following additional topics: (a)
    technical tl~siSI~l.'1cc' programs. (b) procurement of equipment and supplies. ilnd (c) Nganiz::niol!ul
    changes.

    Jmpil!ll1enlCllioll      Schedule lind COST      Esllln(llCS


    "5. For nilthr~~ aspects (miugativn. monitoring. ,md capac;:y development). the E\flP PrQ\'ides (a) an
    irnpll!mCl1lalion scbedtilc foJ' mensur~s lhat must be carried Ollt J:; pJrt or the project. showing
    pha;;mg and cooruina!ion with (\\emll project impieml!nl::ltion pbmi: and (b) (he capital and n':CUITt.!tH
    C0St t'slim::Hes ~lid sOt!rct:~ of fends for implementing the EMP. Th-:s~ ligures nrc also integrated into
    Illc total prc>jec! cosl \'Ihlcs.



    (1. 'I'll", t.orrom.;r· s deL ision to proe..:.:.:.! with ;1 rn."lj..:ct. and the BJnk' $ <.kcisioi1 t(\ :i:lrp0rl 1L :lr~
    pro.:diL:!LCd in p~1rt on the e~pccl;)tion t!i;,tl th~ E:'-1P \\ ill be c:-;ccuted efft'clivdy. COllscqu>;.'lltly. Ihe
    Bank e"peets the plan to he sp... dfic In !IS d,,:sl.:ripti~)!1           or the individu~ll m1tiS:1tio:1 :lnd m!)nitoring
_   l11e aSUf:!S ~:1d i (;; ass I:;n::1('ol o! mstl\ lItiol1<li rcspons t bi1 it les, and it m llst be i nl.: gr:ltt.!d into the
    proiect's 0'. erJII planning, dcsign, bl:dgcL and il~lpkmt.'nl:.llion. Such integration is achi~vcd by
    ~stlblishing the EMP wi:hlI1 the prQj·w so thatlhe plan will receive Cvnding and supervision ;l!ong
    with the oth-:r C(in1 p(!:1t'nt~



          I. Ttl,,;n~;lfiJ~ClI1Cni plan 1, sometim"~ kml\\n as Oil '"action plan" The EM!> m:ly b~ pre~t'nted ,1S two Qr three
              ~,<parJte phlflS cl..'vl.'r:n~ mil'g;:;:;on, moniHmng. and insmutlonal :1specls. depending on borro\~ing COUlltry
              (~qll:f ... menlS

             For proJect:> illvolving rcnablillatlol), upgrading, expansion. or pri\'~tiza!ion of existing f~ciiHh!s, remediiltion of
             t'.1(iSling ~nvir\Jnmenlal problems m;!y be more important than rnitigmioll ond tr.cl1itcrin~ 01" expected impacts. For
             ~u;;h pr<'ject$. the mal1<J!;emem plan focuses on C051·~rf.:c\ive measures 10 rcmeCiolC and mll:1:lge these prohlems,
          3. For proje{:t~ h+'lving si:;i'liftcunt eoyironm(r'Hol ir.lplic3liqns. it is pilrticulnrJy import~n: rhat there be in tht
             100piemenlmg OWiistry or agency lin in-house envnonmentallJOIt \\ fTh adequate budget and proft:s~klOi\! 5laffll1£
             S!rOfl[; .n l'\peni';i: n:!c\,ont to Ih.: pro~(.'ct (For projecl, invoh ing dams and reservoirs, see 11.P..!J)J.,.D...!l!ll.LI3:).
Operational Manual - BP 4.0 I .- Annc:< C                                                               Page 1 01'.3


                                                                                                 BP .t.OI -- Annn C
                                                                                                       January 1999


 These prvcc'durcs were prcp.m.Yi for        /lSC   by World Blll1k sMtTand aft!' not t1t'ccss:mly ., complr:{,~   II
m:<Jtmen( o{the sub      eel.                                                                                      j:
~==~~~~~====================================~


                         .Application of EA to Projects Involving Pest
                                                         [vIana~emcnt

                                                     Sector Review


}. The tas.\: team (TT) ensures Ihm any environmental assessment (EA) of the agriculture or health
sector evaluates the country's capacity to mantlge the procurement. handling, application, and        .
disposal of pest i.:ontro! products; to mDnitor the precision of pest control and the impact 0f pesticide
use: and to dl!velop and implement ecologically based pest management programs.
                                                       Project   ~A



2. During projeCt idcnUlkation, thc TT as!icsses \vhcthcr the proPQscJ proj<.!ct may wist: pOlenti;)1
peSt management isslles. Proj~cts that include the manufacture. liS!!. or dispos;)l of cnvironm.:nlally
signi !lean! I ql1;.tlllilics vI' r~$l control products arc da:;silicd as Category A, Dep..:ndil'lg on the level
of cnVlrnnn'H.:nla[ ri:-;k. Nhcr rl'0jcC(S involving l)Cst ltumagcmcO! issues an~ classified as A, 8, C. or
   ,
FL~    When $ub:nal1linl quanlilil.:s or high I)' toxic pcstickk mat.:ri;il::; I~\r usc u!Kkr Ihc project nrc
                                                                             3
tr<lnsportl:d t ' r Sl,m.:J, a haz;1fJ \Iss.::;:omcnt !nay be approprialc.

], J'h.: TT records in the I'ro]cl.:\ Concept Document (PC)) and the initial Proj..:ct lnfom\(\tiull
Documc:11 (PID) any pc:'>t t,,:lIi:lgl:mcnt iS~lIc:; that thc :":A will add res!>. for Category A projects. the
TT reports in the i'ylvnth~v Op<.'mliol1af SUl1l!1wry Ivr B:/Ilk lind fDA Propos!-'d Proje'c(s (MOS)
\\hcthcr tllc prvjcct (a) \\ill liMncc procurement ul'pcst control products din:ctly or will provide
credit that may be us;:d 10 rmr~hasc pest control products (and whelher .my spccitic products art'
I!xcludcd from lin:mcing), (b) will finance goods or sc\'viccs that significantly change pesticide use
patterns. or (c) includes components~inchlding support for dcvelopm*,nt and implementation of
intcgruted pest m~lI1agcment (IPM) programs-aimed at reducing environmental and health haz<lrds
associated with pesl control and the usc of pesticides.

4. The TT ensures that the EA covers potential issues related to pest management     and considers
appropriate altermlliv(;! designs or mitigation measures, Depending on the issue:; identified, tile
environmental management plan~' includes a pest m,mngcmcm plan.


                                              Pest Management Plan

5, t\ P\!SI managcmcnt plun is a comprehensive plan, developed when there an: Significant pest
               issut!s .such ~s (il) nt'w l:lnJ~use d~\'e!opmenl Of !:hanged CUlli\'JliOI1 prilclict:$ in all
rnilrwgl.?lll~nl

arcil. (b) signiticant exp,msion into ne\v arc",s, Ie) diversiftcatiQn into new crops in agricultun:..,5 (d)
intensilication of existing low-tc-chnolugy syslcms, (e) proposed prOCllrcml!'l11 of relatively hazardous
pc::>t cuntrQI products or      mdhod~,   or (0 specific cnliironmC'nt:ll or health Cl'ncerns (e.g .. proximity of
Operational Manual - BP 4.01 -- Annex C                                                                          Page 2 of J


protected areas or important aquatic resources; worker safcty), A pest management plan is also
developed when proposed financing of pest control products rcpresents a large component of the
    .    6
proJect'

6. A pest management plan rel1ects the policies sel out in OrA.09. Pest Mnnagcmeflf. The plan is
designed to minimize potential adverse impacts on human health and (he environment and to
advance ecologically based IP~!. Th~ plan is based on on-site evaluations of local conditions
conduch:d by appropriate technical specialists with experience in particip<lwry IPM. Ttl\: first phast:
of thl;! plan-an initial reconnaissance to identify the mnin pest problems und their contexts
(ecological, agricuhural, public health, economic, and institutional) and to define- hroad
panlmcters-is carried oul as part of project preparation and is evaluated ill appraisaL The second
phase---development of specitic op~rutional plan::; to address the pest problems identified-is often
carried out as a component orthc project ifscl r. As appropriate, the pest management plan specifies
procedures for scn::eni:1g pl.!st control products. Jn exceptional cuses, the pest management plan may
consist of pest control product screl:!ning only,'

S'cn:ening o(Pcsr Comm/ Pmdllc/s

7. Pest control product sere..: ning is required when a proj":cl tinances pest control products. Tnt:
screening establishes "n authorized lisl of pest contml produt:ls approved for linan..:ing, along with it
mech;Hlism to cnsur~ that only Ih<: spccitil.!d proJucts will be procl.ln:d with Bank funds. Screening
Wilhl)u( a pc~l man<lgcm~nt plan is appropriate only \.\'!lcn;tll of the t'ollowing conditions arc met: (a)
                                                                                  ,I
cXlh.:-:tcd qmlltitics of pest (onlrol products arc not signilicanl fwm health or cnvironmcnt
standpoint: (h) no signilh:ilnt ..::nvironmcntal or he'llth concern:; related 10 pest control need to be
addressed: (I.:) the project \\dl not intrmlucc pesticide lise or other nonindigcnolls biological control

                                                                                            h~ll.:lrJQll:;
                                                                                                                         li
 into an arcu. or signiticanlly increase the lew1 of pl.!sticidl.!   lISC:   :llld (d) no                    prL)duCIS        will
 bt;' fi n:mccd,
                                                      Apprnisa\


8. Depending on the complexity or the issues invtllvcd and the lkgrcc or' fisk to human health or Ibe
environment, the appraisal mission includes appropriate Ic~hnical specialists.

9. The TT records in the Projecl Appraisal Document (PAD) peS! m::lr1agem~nt concerns arising fn.lm
Ihe EA (lnd (lny proposed project interventions pertinent to pest managemenl, for example:

                            or
                   (u) n list pes I control producl~ authorized for procurement, or un indication of when
                   and how this list will be developed and agre~d on;

                   (b) existing pest management practices: pesticide usc; the policy, economic,
                   institutional. and legal framework for r~gulating, procuring, and man;lging pesticidcs;
                   and the extent to which all these are consistent with an IPM approuch;

                   (c) proppst'd rrr~kCI Jctivitics (or ongoing parallel ncrivili('<;, inctuding other projects
                   supported by Ihl! Bank or olher donors) aimed at addressing (i) th~ shortcomings
                   ltkntilicd, and (Ii) any constraints to adopting lPM;

                   (d) proposed tnC'.:hanisOlS for financing. implementing. IlKlnitoring. and supervising
                   I;omponcnl!: relating 10 pest management or pesticide use. including 3ny role envisaged
                   fur kKal nongo\cmmental organiziltions;
      Opt!rational Manual - BP 4.01 -- Annex C                                                                                                  Page J of ~




                       (e) the capacity ofn:sponsib[e institutions (0 carry OUllhe acli\'j:ies described; cmd


                       (f) (he overall sectoral context and other Issues that "vill not be directly addressed und~r
                       the project but that should be addressed as long-tenn objectives.


      10. The main elemen!s of {he pest management measures are retlected in the legal agreements
      between the borro\.vcr and the Bank.2
                                          Supervision and Evaluation

 -    ll. Depending on the               nlt'-1re     and complexity of the pest management and pesticide-related issues
      conlimleJ ,H appraisal. 5upen"ision missions may need to include appropriate technical specialists.
      This need is rcf1::cled in the supervision plan.

      12. The (mpkmenl:lli"m Completion Report evaluates th~ environment;){ impact oCpest managl:rm:nl
      pruclict!s supported or promoted by lhe    proje~t, as well as the borrower's institutional oversight
      CJ/xlcily. II also discusses wh~thcr the project has resulted in improved pest m:lI1agcment pr~H:ticcs
      according tl) the critcri.1 that ddin0 the I[>1\.'1 approach.



         I. Fur thl: p\lrpQ~<:~      (,f thiS ~;~\t~IlICllt. "~:w\rOf1mcntal "ibnit!canCl~" "'~l'S iniO ,lc.:nunt tift: inlp.I':!> (Int:ludir.,;

              bcndib) on        fHIII1;m   hc;:lth.
         2. I:or (lwironmcrol;li           s~;,·cr.i'lg. S<':l: (?!'.:to..~~ e.:!!.!!.:.II.



         4    S.:c 01'   ~.lli. Allnn         C

         5.   Pilrticulilrly 'iueh crop' ;15 ';OltOll, vcgctabl<;s, frllils, and rice. which ;\tc oll\;n .1.~Qci~(cd witl, heavy llse of
              pc~tll'iLk(   ,
         6.   A pest   rnan3g~m~!"t          plan is nol rC{luired for the procurement or use                Qr imprcgn:)lcd bednCIS   I'or m::\I:Hia control. or
              of WHO Class iii insectIcides for inlrodoll1ictll;uy spraying for malori;! control.
         .
         i.   Oallk ~IJff con JC(,~5S mN~ information from the BQ.y'.~~_b$ite.

fuA      8.   HaZilrdclIs produ.:t5 inClude pestiCides listed in Class 10 and lb of Ihe World Health Organiz..tltion (\VHO)
              Clilssifir;:llIon   (If   P<,:;oddl.'s by H;1Z.7rd .1ml Guid.:lincs to CI{lss/ficorion (Gene ... a: \~. HO, /994-95); materials listcd
              in   the liN Con:,uiia.Jtt'rj List ofProdur:f$ Wbosv Consumption :mdlor S;)/c havc been B:mned. Withdr:JIV/l.
              SC~'~'r('I)' Rt'Sff/CIt'J.
                                      (Jf not ApprOI'r!U by Gon:mments (New York: UN, 199..\); and olher maleri<11s Ihat ore

              b:ll1rtrd or severdy fcSlri('/cd in (he borrower cOUllIry because of I:nvjronmcntal or health hazilCds (see Ihe
              country's nalion:!.1 pestidde registration list, if it has one). Copies of the WHO classification and UN list, whi~h
              arc updated pcri'.ldically. are available in the Bank's Sectoral Library_ Slaffrnay consult the Rural Deveit1pmcnl
              [)~'PJ{W!l':1l1 for runner guidalln:

         9. Loan condition;1Iir;. may be nL'L'dcd 10 ensure the                         t:fr~c\ive   impkmentation of prOject comp~l!1<r1IS; for example.
              (.1) c;labll,lmlg c:r ,tr':Ilg.!)lcning p':~Iil:IJc r..:;;ulatorj ilnd 1I1llllitming (ramcwu,k ~nJ ~;.!p.lbillll'>_ to) prl1f.h:rlj
              ,)per:lIing and/or con~lruding p~sticide slorage or disposal facili(ies, (I;) agreeing lln a lime-bound pro~ram to
              ph;.!".: out u~c o! an und~s;rabk pcslicid~ and properly dispose of ,my existing >locks. cr (d) miti<lling r,,~carch 01
              cXll:lllil)n programs ;lIIncd at pr()viding allernaljves to undesirable pestiCide use
                                                                                                         Pagelof3


                                                                                                              01' ".04
                                                                                                         January 2001




  These policies were prepared for usc by World Bank stoffand aTC not nccessl1rifX a compl!.'tc'
IItreJ1!mcnt of the subjecl.                                                      ,__._,



                                             Natural Habitats

This Opcrauonl'li Poti~y Slulemenl was revised in August 2()04 to reflect the term "development policy
I~nding" (formerly adjust.mem lending), in accordance with Qr/llf 8,60. issued in August 10(}1.




· Note: Of ;-;~tBP ",04 replace Ibe curlia \'ersions daled Seplcrnber 1995. Questions should he addressed to thc     P
 DireCIQr, Environ.~!~H D~r"rtme~_"m."'.                                                                             I


I, The conservation ot' naimcd habitats, I like olhl!r measure::; Ih:H protect and ~nhJnc\! the
                      .                                                                   ?
environment. is csscnliul ror long-term sustainahle development. The Bar.k· therefore supports the
protection, maintenance, and r::habiiitation of n.lt ura I habitats and th~ir functions in its economic and
seClor work. projl!cl tlnan-:ing, and policy diaiogw: Tht: Bank supports, and expt:cIs borrowers to
apply, n pn.:cau!i(ln~lry approJch to lw[ural rCj(1\1rcc n;,ll1ag;:mcnt to cnsurl! Orr()r\unitics for
l.'nvimnmenlally SUS{aln~lbk (,kvclopmenL

                                           Et:onomic and Sector 'York

;::, The Bunk's economic .md Sc.;\or work iJ1(.:lud~5 ithmlilication ol'(a) natural habitat issues and
:,pcc iill needs tor natura! habit,)t conservation, including the degree of threat 10 icenti fled natur;d
habitats (pnrticularly i:rillCal n[ltural habitats), and (b) measures for protecting such areas in the
contc.'<:t of the country' s de~clopmcnt strole:;y. As appropril1te, C o,mlry Assiswnce Strategies and
proje\.:ts incorporate tindings from s,lIch ecom)mic i.1nd sector work.

                                      Project Design nntf ImplcmCnbltion

3 The Bank pmmo\es nnd :'.upp0rts natural habitat conservation and impro\cd land use by tinancing
projects designed to integrate into national and regional development the conservation of noturai
habitats and the mainlenuncl! (If ecological functions, Furthermore, the Bank promotes the
rdwbilitarion of degraded fHlIural habllnls.

4. The £lar1k does not suppor( project:; that. in the 13:1nk's opimon. involve the significant conversion
or degrnduliOl/ of critical natural      habitat~.

S. Wherever feasible, Bunk-financed projects are silt:d on lands already converted (excluding any
lands that in the £lank's opinion were converted in nnlicipation of the project), The Bank does not
support proj~cts involving the significant conversion of natural habitats unless there are no feasible
:llkrn;ui\.C's !'tlr the project ;lnJ Its siting, and comprch\!nsin~ analysis demonslral('s that overull
Operational Manual· OP 4.04                                                                                                        Page:: of 3


bene tits from Ihl! projcet substantially outweigh the environmental costs. If the                                 ~nvirorunenlal

:lssessmenl~ indicates that a projl.!ct wouldsignilicanlly convert or dt:grade natural hJ.bitills, the
project includes mitigation measures acceptable to the Bank. Such mitigation measures include, as
appropriate, minimizing habitat loss (c.g., strategic habit,,! retention and post-development
restoration) and establishing and maintaining an ecologically similar protecled arca. The Bank
accepts other fonns of mitigation measures only when they <ife technically justified.

6. In deciding whether to support a project with potential adverse impacts 011 n n:ltural habitat, the
Bank lakes into account the borrower's ability to implement the appropriate conservation and
mitigation measures. ffthere are potential institutional capacity problems, the project includes
components thtlt deve lop the capacilY of national and local institutions for effective environmental
planning and man:lgement. The mitigation measures spec i lied for the project may be used 10 enhance
the practical field capacity of national and local institutions.

7. In projects \Vilh nalura! habitat components, pr~jcct prcparotiol), appraisaL and supervision
;:mangemcnts include appropriate environmcnt::d expertist.: to ensure adcqll:tlt: dl:sign ~md
ilnp!ementation ot' mitigntlon measures.

                                                                                                                                       :;
8. This policy npplics to subprojecls under sectorallo~ms or IQans to linaneial inl!.:rmediari..:s.'·
Regiollal environment;}! sector units oversee compliance with this n;quirem~nl.

                                                             Polky      Dhllo~llc


Y. The 13ank cnCl1Ur.l:,lc:-; horn)\~crs to iOl.:orporal~ into li1clr dl!VI.:lopmenl amI e11\ imnmcntll
$tn\t~gi<..:s nn(\l~scs nt' any major l1:llur;1l nabitill issu~s. ind\lding identification tJf important natur<1\
habiwl siles. Ihe ecologic;.) I functions they pcrfonn. the dt.:grcc 0 r threut !Q Ihl.' $;:":5. priorities for
comicrvation. and u$$'lciatcd rccmfcnt,]'unJing tin;.! c.lpacily-bltilding needs.

to. The Bank cxpc<.:ts the           borrower to tnke irun account the vkws. rvle:). and right!> of groups,
                                                organi~;lIiom; and local cnmmunilics. al'i'eclcd by Bank-financed
                                                                                                        6
I1lciuJing loca! nongtwcrnmcntn!
prujecLs involving. IlJtural habilats. and to involve such people in pl.mning. dc:.igning. implementing.
monitoring. and cvalll;lling sueh project~. Involvement may int:lllde identifying appropriate
conservation meilSUfCS, managing protected arcas and other natural h;,lbilats. and moni[(lrin~ and
CVal\Hlting specific projects The Bank encourages governments (0 provide such people with
appropri"tc infonnalion Jnd incentives to protect natural habitats.



   1. S.:e d.:i1nition:;, !II   AIIIIC\   A

   2.   "Bank" includes IBRD and lOA. "leans" includes IDA credits ilnd IDA grants. "borrower" includes, for guarantee
        operations. II private or public project sponsor receiving from anolher financial institution a loao guaranteed by
        the Bank; and "prOJect" includes alloper<ltions finDoced by Bank loans (including projects under adapwble
        kI1Jjng-adupl~ble pr~gr:lln loans fAPlsj and learning and innovation Io:ms {Lilt}) Of guarantees except
        programs 5upported under dcvc\opnlcnt policy fending (with respeCllo which enviroomcntal considerations arc
        ~.:I 0ulll1 OI."Bl~ Sl)O. LJ"\c'h'pmt'lIl Pvltcy L ..'nJIIIY) and Ul.'bllltlU d.:bt ~er\ii..:.: IIp.:rJ.Il<llb. I'll,' pruJI:;';( filliJOI:CJ
        by;1 Bank loan i~ described in Sdlt;'dule 2 to lhe Lean/Dellelopment Credit Agn:em<:nl li.>r that project. The term
        projeci tncludl!s "II cornpO;,(rHS of thc pmju.:t. regardless of Ihe sOurce of fmal1":tng, The term ··preje..:t" al~()
        1I1dudt.!s projects (llltl compon.:"I!> runded under Ihl! Global Environment Faci1il}' (G!:F). but does no! include
        Gff projW$ exCtUied by or~ar\lllltions Idcnlililtd by Ih( GEF Coum:ii us c!ligibk Ie) \\~'rk with the GEF through
        ... xpand~d opp!)rlunlti~s l'or pro]!!C! prepilr:lIIOn and impl<!ment:lIJOI) (such !)rgani~Jlion5 indutk, inter alia,
        r('gionat !.ll·\'t'k)pm~nt b'l!!ks and UN at;t;ocks !t.uch as FAO :md UNI DO).
Oper:Hional   ~hnual        . OP 4.04                                                                 Page 3 of:;


  3. forddinilions, see ~.!I~..~'
  4,   Sec Of" lU' 4.0 I,   Fmironm,'(U.'1/ Ass,'S.>c"lTIcnl.

  5. Sel! 0 P'RP 40 I, Environm4'nlo/ A ,~:;I.'ssm"nr.for environmental assessment itl subprojects.
  6. See OP/!!.~ 4.10, Indigenous Po'op/cs, wh.m local cQmmunities indudc lildillCnolJs p.:opk:;.
Operational Manual      ~   BP 4.04


                                                                                                                  BP ".0"
                                                                                                                    ZOO I
                                                                                                          JIlI'IU;lry




           rocedures were prep.m:d l'or usc by World Bank siBff ..md 8re not necessarily a complc:re
 frea/ment of the :;ub eel.



                                            Natural Habitats
This Bank Procedures statement "as revised in August 20Q4 to reneel the h:rm "development policy Ien.:!ing~ (formerly
adjustment lending}. in iJt.'cDrd:mce wj!h Qf!Jlf 8.60, issued in AUgU511004




;1"'0(1:: OP and BP 4.04 rcphlct the carlier n~rsion~ dated Septtmbcr 1995. Questions should be 31.h.lressed t() rhlt
~cctor. Eovirllnrncnt Department.                                                  :=m··   h M ._ _" _            ·




                                                Project Pro(:cssillg

Project Prcpllr:Jfion


l, Eady in the preparation ol'a project proposed for Bank' financing. the task tcorn lI;"dcr efl.}
c,m~tlllS with the Regi<.lnul environmental sc<:lor unit (RESU) and, us necessary. with (h..:
LnvironmCllt Department (ENV) and the Legal Vice Presidency (LEU) to idemi!'y naturJl habitat
issues likely to arise in th\! pmjc.ct.

: ;i: as par! of the t:nvironmcnwl assessment process, cn .... ;ronmcnwl SCTt'L'Wllg indk;)!cs Ihl'
pot..:ntial for signi tkant conversion or degradation of critical or other natural habitats, tht: project is
dassitkd as Catcgor~ A; projects otherwise involving natural habitats urc classi!kd as Category A
                                                                    'I
,)f   13, depending on the degree ofthc1r ecological impacts:

~, Other forms of mitigation measures ft!ferred to in the last sentence of OP 4.04,                 para. 5 are
acccpl~d only after consultation with the RESU, ENY and LEG, and approval by                        the Regional vice
president O<.VP),

4. Na!tlral habitat rompon~n!s of a project ore Jinked as appropriate to the schedule of
implementation for the project. The costs of conservation of any compensatory- natural habitats are
included in the project's financing. Mechanisms 10 ensure adequate recurrent cost financing arc
ll1Cl)rporateci int(l project design.

 Do(;umcflll1t/OJ1


 5, The TL identities .my natur,,] b:lbit;.)t issues (including any significant conversion ur degradation
 lhilt would take place under the project, as \vcll us any other forms of mitigation measures propos\!'d
 under !he last senlence or DP.A.lH. pam. 5) in the inilinl Project InJbrmallon Document (PID) and in
                                                     l
 Ihe carly versions of the Environmental D. ua Sheel. Updated PIDs               renee( changl.!s in the natural
    Operational Manu::).1 - BP 4.04                                                                                             Page 2 of:;


    habitut issues. Tne Project Appraisal Document indicates the types and estimated areas (in hectares)
    of affected natuml habitats: the significance of the potential impacts; the project" s consistency with
    national and regional land use and environmental planning initiatives. conservation strategies, and'
    legislation; and the mitigation measures planned,

    6. The Implementation Completion Report 4 assesses the extent to which th~ project achieved its
    environmental objectives, including natural habitat conservation.

                                                   Regional and Sectoral EA Reports

    7. Bunk sluff identify relevant nutural habitat issues for regional and sectoral environmental
    assessment (EA) rcpom. Such rcpom indicate the prescnt location of natural habitals in the region
    or sector involved, analyze the ecologicnl functions and reJative importance of such natural habitats.
    and describe the associalcd managemem issues. These analyses nre used in subsequenl projccr~
    specific envIronmental s<:reening and other EA work,

    Role of Bank Stuff

-   8, RESUs coordinale the
    a~sist
                                pr~paralion and use ot' any 5:lIppkmenlary critical natunll habitat lists and
          with projeci prepamtion (inclliding Et'\) and supervision when requested. ENY g~tides TLs,
    country departments, :md RESUs in implementing O.rA,Q:4 by disseminating b-:!i( practices nnd
    providing troining, rcvil.'ws, 'l(.l\'ic~. anu op!:mliQoai support (im:llltling S(lP(!I'\'i~ionJ.



       I.    "U:mk" ii)d\lJ~s IBRD umllDI\. "ioan:;" im:lud~s IOt\ r.:r~t.Hts .\Ill! 11M granl$, "oorrow.:r" includes, ror i!.u:lranlc~
             0r.:r:HIOI\S, a pnv,n;' or puhli~ rr(\]I.'CI srousor receiving rrom :mmhcr linam:iJI imll\uli('r, :\ 1('1:'10 gUil(;'lI'l!ced by
             til..: B;ll1k: :lnd "pr()j\!ct" indU(ks all operations Iin,ln,cd by 1},lI\k loans (including projl:cls under lldaptabk
             knding, mJapt,llik program IO;IIlS [l\PLsj :l1lU learning and innovation loam, !L1Ls!l or guar:mH.-es ell,cpt
             pmgr:lrn$ ~uppo!'lcd under dcvdopmcnl p'0li<:y IC1H.ling (with respect 10 which environmenlOli cDnsidcrallon~ ;w:-
             $.:1 OUI in OP/IW 8.60, D.'\dvpm<'nl Pultq L<.'11,jillg) .md debt alld debt service ('pCraIlClns. The projeci Ilrmr.ced
             by :\ [l;mk loan is described in ::;chcdulc 2 10 the to:mfDc . . clopmcflt Credit Agree/m'nt for thaI projc.:t. The term
             project includes all components or the prOject, regardless of the soun::c of tin;)n!.'ing. The term pr(ljc:ct also
             include:. projects ,lod components funded under Ih.: Global Environment f.adJiI)' (GEF). but does not inclwdc
             OEF prOJect, c;.;e~ulcd by organil.:lIions identified by the G E;F C(lI..If1<:ii as cligihlc 10 work wilh Ihe GEF through
             cxp;JndcJ OPPofllmilics fOf projc:cl prcpar:ltiort lind implcmcnlntion (such organizations inClude, inter aila,
             regional dcvclopm<:nl b:mks :lnd US ~gencies such as FAO and UNlDO),
       :2.   s. . c ()f~,[J.I'. -1.0 I.EtHmmr:wrH:ll ,·!sst!Ssr:Il'nf.
       J, S.:c    or/!!.~ 4.0 1,[rmronwcnfiJl /ISSt::';SliIc'llf,

       4. S. . e Q~:!~I>' 13,55. Implwm:nt.1fwil oJ'Complt'rion RcptJrt.
                                                                                                                                                                                   OPUZ
                                                                                                                                                                      December 2001




                                                      Involuntarv Resettlemen t
                                                                '"

    1111:. Operational Policy s:;lItmc:r.t was               rc\'is~d     .n April     :!OO~    to cnSdre CCns,:Slenc:y will: the                feql.;lr~m~lH$         of OP!~p 6,QO,
Issued ill April 2004, These ;:hrmg,cs                    mJ~     b.- viewed 11cr,l;,


1101" ";,12 (revised Ap:il20041l!pplie~ only                        10 projects lhal         ar~ go\'ern~J by QIYI3.r 6 00.                   8,,11)';   FIJlGtlCj'lg   -,hOlI is,    th0~¢     1
',I in cauntrit:~ WI;!'. ,l(!l)Nye~I~.;.-,!r;L':,Jlrl:Il)~ilJ~,n;jr.aiJl;;.!rr"~, OHI~r operJriol'lJi policy SljlCllums governing B~nk

1
   1!~n;tnciflg th:;r have be.::n ;.n;.rnded to retle-cl Of' BP 6,00 3!~() apply to the$c P~OJCCIS, ('lick 10 \'!~W ,I i,llI Tabl'! ,~f
,{"m.:rn I.blue)

rr()j~ct$ in count~i"s wilh::>UI :1pprov::J cc:cntry fin:'lIlCing p:lra, m,ctcrs CC,.IHi,nu~ to bIZ" >utlJe..:: to) O:!l.;r l)permi()!lJI po!:.;;:
i!,;t;\I;:;l.:rlls go~:..minl1: Ran" ~11~\:",dnlf' ckk hcr~ felf a fuli TZlb)..: oITI\lH':[H5,b'..:II('\'.i th::u ;r.':hidcs (he~e s(a!em~n!$, II


II:'I(;I\:,: 01' :IIHl I~,!:,.:I,U to,!.:cllwr n'r\;ln, OD ".30. !t/Vid//llfllry J{':,~~lfll'!lIlImt. Th~\1: or and B~ ;ll'ply to all                                                          Ii
11proJcr,s rl)r willch .1 Pn'jl:C,1 ((I(1I;"pl RIZ""~w hI kcs pl:l;;:~ (/(1 IIr :l/tH .I,wllurr I. :Wf}~, Qw:.IIM1S m:ly bl,'
1ll::;=HI=d=r=n;:,'s::cl""l,;"ru=I1=)c=I:::::~i""r,,;,t'c='~=~::::;r,;,;;S;,;;:()="=i;=ll==:~::::\':::::v=c=I()::;g=n=)c=.tI=I=D;;;;I.'::;g:=a=rf=n=11!='Il=I=(=S_=D"",~=)='============::==_===J
         Banf.- I ..:'Zp~'ri~n~c ll~dka\<:s t:l~lt in\'O!UOIM:;' reScttkml.'nlllndn dcq:!c.pm,'nl fTJ,kt:1S, If
    llnmiligJt~d. oft<:n gih'~ rio::; 10 seVe',\:! I.'conOl:'ic, socinl. and l!o'.;rol11m:ntal risks, pr(,ciUC1ion
    sy:-;t..:n1~ arc JismantkJ: p..:,)pte f:l\:~ Impo\erishml.'nt ",,,h-=n their producti'.!! ;t$$l::ls Of income S,)tI,C(:$
    (HI,.' h)~t: p";L,pl,, ~trc n:locat<:d h' environments wl1cre their prOdl;,,;Ii\~ sk:I!$ may be less applicubh:
    :1:1\i lh..: c0mpeliliol1 10!' n:'S(iiJfct!S gr'!;tter: comnnmilY in.sli!U!iolls :lnd spci:d nc!\wrks Jre wClkefleci:
    kin gmups are dispcr$\.'\.!: and cultural identity. Iradition,Ii"tUlhority. und the potentia! fllt mutual help
    ::Jr~' diminished 01' lost rh:;; p(llic) :ileltldes :;;!I~.':gllards ,,' ;'ddrcs$ ilnJ rniliga\~ th..:se impoverishmen1
    ri,b;,

                                                                               Pnlicy Objectil c.,

    ::. 1m oluntary rt:setlkmcn\ r.1J~ calise severe long-term hardship. impQ\'t!rishment. ,liHj
    el1\irot'm~f)tal damage unk$~ :lppropriatc measures arc carefully planned and carried out. For these
    n:asoos, the (\Yc!f;:rll objccll\CS of Ih~ B.mk· s policy on involuntary rescnlcmerJ! are the following:

                        (a) !rl\olunt;:ry res~t1kmcnt should be avoided \"'here feasible, or mmimized, exploril1g:
                        aU vj.1ble a/,em:ltive prcjeu designs, {
                        (b) \Vhen:: it is not feas.ible to avoid resettkment. resettkmcnt ;1(ti\ ilies should be
                        (oncl!iwd ;:'Ind executed as sustainable de\c\opmcm programs. pro\ iding sufficitmi
                        ilWeslment re$OllrCes to enab!¢ the persons disptaced by the project tv share in pnJject
                        beneEls, Dispbt:,;'d persons J should be meaningfully consulted and should have
                        oppNtunities to participate in planning Jnd impkmeming rt'se!:lt'mt:!l! programs.
                        (..:j Dbpiac",j ~'C:)0n::> shvukl b.: a~~i~I..:J in llh:i! ..:iTol'b 10 impr,\\\: {lKlr li\dihlJods :1nd
                        sl:muilrds PI' li\ ]ng or;'.t kilS\ to restore them. in real terms. to pte.di$:plact:melll levels ()r
                        10 It:\l!h prl'\;.lilmg prior to the beginning \'ifproj<tl impiel1lt:nt::lIien, \\hicbcver is
                        high-:r.'"
Operation.ll \l:muaJ - OP 4 12


                                                   Jmpacts COHrcd

3. This policy covers dir~ct economic and social irnpacts~ that both result from Bank-assisted
i I\vestment projects 6. and arc caused by

                  (a) the involuntal)·1 taking of land~ resulting in
                               (i) relocation or loss of sheller:
                                (ii) lost of assets or access to assets; or
                                (iii) loss of income sources or mc:ans of livelihood_ whc:th.::r or not th..:
                                affected persons must move to another location; or
                  (h) the involuntary restriction of:.lccess2. to legally designated parks and protected lreas
                  resulting in Jdn:r)t: lmpaL'IS on [he jivclihoods of the displaced persons.


4. This policy applies (0 all components of the project !hal result ill involunlary rcseaJemenr,
regardless 0f the source of financing. II also applies to other activities resulting in involuntary
rc:settkmelll. th:1t in the judgml!nt of the Bank, are (a) directly and significantly related to the Bank-
assisted project, (b) nec~ssary co achieve its objectives as set forth in the projecr documents; and (c)
carried out, or r-lo.nncd \0 be carried Ollt, contemporaneously with the project.

:;   r~.:quC$t~  t;)r g,lldancc on the opptiC,\[i')I~ and scope of this roli.:::· sholdd bt.' addrcss::d   to the
R.::;;,:\~!;::m~nt Cummlnc;; (,,-:c Dr -1\2, r ara . 7),t l)




G. To ilddrl'ss     (Jl~ impans Cl)\crcd under para. 3 (:\) or this policy. the borro\\l;r prt'parcs a
r~:>cttkmc!ll      pbn or n rC$cttkmcnt relicy framC\\OrK (sec paras. ~5-]O) 111;lt ceVers lh(: roll\/wing:


         (:1)   'fhl.! rcscttktncnl plan or resettlement policy framework includes measures to ensure that
         !hc     di,:~lact'd p<:.'rson'\ ~lrc
                                              Ii} jnr[)rm~d about their options and rights pert3ining to resetl!em~nt:

                                        (ii) ccnsuiled on. offered choices among. and provided with
                                        ct"chn:cally and economically feasible resettlement alternatives: l1nd

                                        (iii) pro\ided prompl and effeclive compensation at full replacement
                                        cost I I for losses of nssets P attributable directly (0 the projecL

                   (b) If the impacts include physical relocation, the resettlement plan or resettlement
                   policy frnmc\\ork includes 1lH.'asures to ensure that the displaced persons art:
                                       (i) provided assistance (such as moving allo\\a:)ces) during
                                        relocalion; and

                                        (i i) pro\'idcd with residential housing. or housing sites, or. as
                                        required. agricultural sites for which a combination of produclive
                                        p\)!.~:)lial. locatio:))1 aJ\;:mt:l~cs. :md other f~Cl('fS is 3t !1':ISt
                                        eqUivalent to the advantages of the old siteY

                   (c)  Where n~cessary 10 ,1chien: the objectives of the policy, the rt'seniemcnt plan Or
                   rl!Sl!ttll:l11l!nt polk: fral11l!\\ork 3150 include measures to ensure that displaced persons
                   ~\rt!
Operational Mn.nual - UP 4.11                                                                                               Page .i 01 'J



                                          0) offered support after displacemcnl,   for a transition period. based
                                          on a reasQnable estimate of the time likely to be needed to resk)re
                                          their livelihood and standards of living; 1:.1 and

                                          (ii) provided with deve!opmcl1t assistance in addilion 10
                                          compensation measures described in parBgr:lph 6(a) (iii}. such:IS land
                                          preparation. credit facilities, training. or job ,!ppurtunities.


7. In proje.::ts involvmg invo; unta!) restriclton of access tv legally deSIgnated parks and proto;;cteJ
areas (see para. 3(b)), the na ture of restrictions .·IS well as the type of measures necessary to mitigate
adverse impacts, i~ determined with the participation of the displaced persons during the dt'sign and
implt'mentatlon of rhe proj~cL In such cases, the borrower prepares a process                             [ram~work         acceptable
to the Bonk. describing the participatory process by which

                  \n) specitic components of the project \\ill be prepared ::md implcmentcd;

                  (b) the crit<!ria for eligibility of displaced persons Witl be determined;

                  (e) lnC;lS\.11CS to assist th~ displaced person> in their effom to improve lheir livedht)oJs,
                  or a\ least to reStore lhem, in real terms. while maintaining tilt:: susta~nabill{y of the park
                  or prOli:cted a~e~l. \\ ill be identified; and



                  The proCI::;;:$ ci':anc\'>()d" ahiel indul.k:~ J l.k·s,,'np!i<)o (){ !It..:   :lrr;ln~·:r:l,'nl:;   :ix
                  imrkm...:nllng and monltorillg the process.

!-l. To .\\:hic'c the obJccti ... cs Gi thiS pulicy. parlicuiar atlelHion is paid to lhe needs (If Hdncrabk
,::rL1\1pS ~w~(mg rhi):;e di.splaced. l'SpCCi:J!!;: Ihose below thL' poven: linc. thc landless. the ddcrly,
\\\1tll('/l and   (hik\r~:n. illdq;cnou:; rcopks I~ ethnic minorilic:i. (II' 'Jlha displaced pl!rsons who m:t;'
lli.)[   bl! rrnk'clcd llHOllgh n;\uon;d land i.:ompCOS'lllon legiRlation.

9. Bank c.\pe[icnc~ ha:; .').J)(m/l !hil! r{'scull-men\ of indlgenolls peoples with trn::lttiollid kmd-based
I1h 1.ks
   1       ot' prodUction is pani'wlarly compkx and may have signiticant \1dv~rse :mpnt:t::> on their
i-:!Clltity and cultur;1i sun:\~d. For this reason. the Bank satisfies itself that thl!' borrowr!r has explored
JII viable nltern:.llive projccl d\.'sigm to avoid physical displacement of these groups. When it is not
fcusibk to nvoid such disphcl..'lrlcnt. preference is given 10 land-based reseltlem~r'lt strategies fOf
the!(t,; groups (sec pam. It) that arc cnmpatible with their cultural preferences and are pn.'pared in
consult,\lI()t1 with them (SI!<;' 6nnt;" .\. para. II).

I 0. Th~ implement<ltinn of rcsettkment activities is linked to the implementation of the In\e'stment
component of the pro}ect to ensure that displacement (lr restriction of <lCCt'55 does not occur before
:)e~essary nieasures for re$~ttkment are in place. For impacts covered in para. 3(a) oflhis policy.
these measures include pwvision of cornpens<ttion \lnd of other assistance requlied f(lr relocation.
?rior to displacement. and preparation and provision of n:settlement sites wilh adequate facilities.
\I h~r~' r~'qtJin.·d In p;lrl;~'td;lr. tlhing     or
                                                lanl.l Jnd related assets may take place only af..;r
cornpcIlS;lti~ln hus been P::10 and. Wh<::h~ i.lpplic:.!ble. resettlement sites and 1110\ in:; allowances hOVe
r.1.'1.'1) pro\ 1,kJ tv the disp!:lcl!d persons, For impacts covered in para :3(b) of thIS policy. the
I1ll!asurc:s 10 assist the di$pb..:ed persons are impkmemcd in accordance \\ i~h the plan e)f action as
pnrt of the project (see para. 30).

 II. Pn:!l:rcnn: shoulLi be given to           bnd·ba$~d      rcsettlemt!nt strategies for dh'pl:lcl!d persons \\hose
Op.::r:l!i0oJ.1 Manual· OJ> 4.12


livelihoods are land-based. These strategies may include resettlement on public land (see footnote 1
<lbovc). or on private land acquired or purchnsed for resettlement. \A'henever replacement land is
offered. reseltkrs ore provided with land for which a combination of productiH: pl)[ential, localional
adnmtllges. and other facTors is at lenst equivalent to the advantages of the land taken. If hmd is not
!h~ pTt!ferred optIon of the displaced persons, the provision ofland "ould advasdy affect the
sustainability of a park or protect..:d area,1.2 or sufficient land is not available at 11 r'::Jsonabh! price.
(1\.m-land-based options built around opportunilies t'Or employment or setf-etl1ploym~nt should Ot.'
pr\.wid~d in addition to cash compensation for land and other assets lost. The laCK of adl:quate land
musr bl! demonstrated and documented to the satisfaction of the 8ank.

12 Payment of cash compl!nsation for lost assets may be appropriate where (::l) li\'ehhood~ are iand-
based but the i::lnd taken for tbe project is a smatl fractlon ll of [he affec(ed a5$t~t and the residuall!>
economic<.tlly viable; (b) active markets for land, housing, and labor exist, displaced persons use sucb
mar.li('ts. and there is sufficient supply oflnnd and housing~ or (c) livelihoods arc not land-based
Cn~h compensJlion le\ds shm.:!d be sufficient to replace the loslJand and <)ther .lsse15 at full
replacemenl cost in local markets.

13. For impacts covered under para. 3(a) of this policy, the Bank also requireS the foUowlnlr

              \(1) Displaced per:;.)!)S and their communiti!!s. and :my h.)$1 cOmnllmili<~~ r~cc;\ ing :hC!I1L
              tire provided limely ~1I1d rdc\'ant information. C(H1sultl:d on re$~~tkl;H:r.t opli,)ns. and
              offered oppmtllr.i!il:$ \0 parti;:ipak in planning, impl..:ment:ng. ~nJ m~>l1i!()r:ilg
              n::;t'tri~m<:nL :\pprupri;\\c :1nJ acc.:ss;hk gfi~\'ancc mc-:hani.~m" ;J.r,· >c~IJb!ished for th,,::-;c
              gf0~lpS.



              (hi In new rC$e!lkm~nt sites or husl t;ommunilie£, inl'ra:,\ructure ~lI1d puhli\: services an:
              pro\id<.!d a~ necessary to impro\c, r.:swre. or In:lintain :lcct:ssibilily ;md h.:v.:[" of SCr\iCl~
              for the displaced persons and host ct)mI11Unilics. Alternative or siml!ar resourCeS :He
              rr,wickd to C()mpcnsote for tht~ i()~s of access to community ri!:;O\.m;~s (Sll(;\1 as fishing
              ar<:'~I:;. gr(IZln;,: areas. rod. \)T f()dd~r).


              (c) f};lltcrns of comm L1ni ty organization ,lpproprit1IC to t!-.e nc\,\ eire um:;\a{1CCS ;l;t: PJseo
              on clil.'ices m:ldc by Iht! dispbced plErsons. To tht: extent possibie. I/;": \.·xislin~ :social and
              cuitur:ll institutions of r..:seU[ers and any host communities un: preserved and r~setllers'
              rrdi.:l'~nccs   \, jIll respect tv relocating in   pr~cxistmg   communities n,ld groups are
              rumored.

                                             Eligibility for Benefit.sll

14, tpOfl Identific41lion nf the need for involunllll)! rescHlement in a project. the borrower carries Clil
n c\!nsu::, t,1 idef!tify the persons who \VIII be affected by the project (see the          pm'a. 6(a)). W
det~rmin~ wbo will be eligible for 4lssistance, and to discourage inflow ofpeopJe lneligible for
                The bOrTo\\cr alsl' dewlops;) procedure. satisfactory 10 the Bank. r.){ establlshir.g the
crit('no by whIch displaced persons will be deemed eligibll! for compensation and other resettlement
<ls::Ibwnce, 'Iii\! procedure includes provisions for meaningful tonsllitutions with nffected persons und
communities. 10c<l1 authorities. and. as appropriate. nongovernmental organiz1llio1l$ (NOOs), and it
sp~ci fies grievance mcchilni$ms.


 \5. Cril<.:rfa/ilr Eligihilt(,'. Displaced persons may be classified in one of the tiJlIo\ving three groups.

              la) those \,/10 h~l\'e /0nrwlleg.t/ righis 10 lund (induding cllSlOm,JI), ~lnd       lr;lditional
              rights   rcc(lgniz~d   under the bws ol'thc country);
OpaaClonar :-1,mu.1.) .. OP 4.1::;


                have a claim (0 such land or assels-provided that such claims are recognized under the
                laws of the country or become recognized through a process identifted in Ihe
                                                                    j!l
                resell!emef1( plan (see t.\!11ll2Lt\, para. 7(0); and·

                (CJ   those \\Iw han:   n0   recogniz.ab\c legaJ xi-ght or claim to the land they are      OCCUP)    mg.

 16. Persons co\cred under para. \5(a) and (b) are provided compensation for lht' 1.1nd Ihey Jose. and
olh~r   assistance in accordance with p.:lf~. 6. Persons covered under prlTa. 15( c) are prov!<-,kd
n. 'settlement ;lssistl1m:e~·U in lieu of compensation for the land they occupy. ilnd other assistance, as
nc;::essary, to achieve the objectives set out in this policy, if they occupy the proy:~Ct area prk'r tv Ll
.:::ul-off d<'l\e established b~ the borro'.\'cr and acceptable Il) the Bal1k. :!Lpersons who ;'rlcro3ch on !ht:
area nft~r the <;uc·off d,He Jre :1~jr entirled to cl)mpcnsatinn or any other form of rcscuiemenl
ilSsislo.nce. All persons includ~d in pa:-a. 15{a), (b). 01 (c) are plO\>idcd \:ompensulLon for loss of
a$sets other than [Clnd.

                          Resettlement Planning, Implementation, and Monitoring

17. Tn achieve the objecml!s Dfthis policy. different planning instruments are u$t.:d. depending on
tht' l}pe ,)fproicCL

                (~~) a rcseukmcnt plan or abbrt;':vltltcd reseukmcnI pbn i" rcqwrt:d for JIl cpaalions tbat
                entail in~()~tlr:!:.lry re'i~!lkml.'n! unless olherwist: ~pecilicc (S~~ p:u:\ 25 :lnJ Ann(!x :\).

                 (0) iI :es~\lkrncnt policy framework is requir~d f()r operations r..:ferr..:d 10 in pa;.lS 26':10
                 Ib:!\I1l,W entai: irh·olun:.try f<:);crtlcmcnl. unless olherwj~e specifl~d lSI.:": An::e\. A); and

                 (~) a proc~;;!> i;~1m.:work is     prepared for prOJ\!Cl:'i involving re!ltriClior. o!'ncces:, in
                 a<.'cGrOa!)ce \\llh par:!.. 3(b)   (SCI.!   p.ara.   J 1).

 18 Th\: b()rr('w~r IS rcspGl1Slblc I~ir preparing. implementing. and monilOting a ~escttlement plan, n
n':$<.'\\kmcnt policy framework, or a process frrtnlc\vork (the "rl!senleme-nl instrtlmc!11s''), ;l.~
appropriate, tl1<Il (onIum W this policy. Th ... rcs.:lllemcnt instrument pr<:senls a strategy fer
;It'hi<.'ving (hI.: ohjectives of the po liey and cOVers al! <1spects of the proposed rl!~,\tkrncnt. BOrT(nwr
<.'Ol1lmll:l1<.'tlt \0. i.H1d c:lp:lcity ror, t:ndert~\king s\lccessltl[ rest:Ulerncl1{ is a key I.ktcrmimll1i or BJnk
Hl\·ohem..:n\ in..1 projl:'ct

19 R~~(;nkmcn\ plnnnillg i .. ('lud~s emly screening., sC(Jping of key issues, the choice of rese!liement
I:lstrumenl. Jnd th.: in/(mT1Jtion rcqLlired to prepare the resettlement componeni or subcomponeot,
The scope and level of d~tail of the resettlement instruments vary with the magnitude and
cUr1lpicxity   (jr res<!uicment. In preparing the res~ttlement component, the b,,)fTower dra,\'s on
appropriate sociaL lcchnicaL and legal expertise and at! relevam community-b:Jsed organiz.;:ttions and
i'GOs l:! ~l ht:' b<J/TO\\er informs potentially displaced persons <1.t an early stage :tb\.Hll the resen!em\!!H
~I~P,;C~:; of th: pr·.)jct:! and take~ thelt views into account in project design.


20. The ti.d! (l'S!S of f{'sctflemenr activilies necessary to achieve the objecuves oflhe project are
included in the total costs of tbe project. The costs of resettlement. like the coslS ~lr other project
:lclivltil:!s. are treated :l~ a cbrg~ against th~ ,;conomic benefits dthe pro,i1tct: ;.Jnd any ncor be11efils 10
r·'!st:ulers {as compared 10 the "'''''Chollt-project'' circumstances) are added to {hc txnetlls Slfl!<l1l1 e,f
ill(:' projl.'d. Ih:st'lllement C('ll1POf)t:ntS Or free~stilnding resettlement projects ne..:d not \:It:
(CCH10mlcaliy \inbl~ on !hdr 0\\n. but they sho\lld be cost-effective.

 :::!   The bt1rr"I\,,'r I.'!15UlC$ In:lllhc Project lmpl~mcnt;ttion P13n i$ fun), cons~;;t~nt with the
 p::\~t(km~1l1   Instrument