Page 1 Republic of Belarus Ministry of Transport and Communications (MoTC) Department “BELAVTODOR” ROAD UPGRADING AND MODERNIZATION PROJECT Environment Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Plan BELGIPRODOR Minsk, June 29, 2010 E2496 rev Page 2 Contents Executive Summary 1. Project background 2. Project description and components 3. EIA scope and objectives, project environmental category 4. Belarus’s roads and Government plans 5. EIA legal and administrative framework 5.1 National requirements for Environmental Impact Assessment and Ecological Expertise 5.2 Governmental Decisions, Instructions, Standards with regard to roads construction 5.3 WB EIA rules and procedures 6. Baseline conditions 6.1 Physical environment 6.2 Biological environment 6.3 Socio-cultural environment 7. Analysis of project alternatives 8. Assessment of potential project environmental impacts 9. Potential resettlement issues and land acquisition 10. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) 10.1 Mitigation of environmental impacts 10.2 Monitoring plan 10.3 Implementing arrangements 11. Costs 12. EIA disclosure and consultation Annexes: 1. List of References 2. List of Environmental Assessment Preparers 3. Decision of the Gosstroi Expertiza 4. Geographic map 5. Letter from the M NREP 6. Letter from the MoF 7. Letter from the MOCoNREP 8. Potential impacts and mitigation measures during the road construction phase 9. Results of air pollutant emission measurements 10. Results of traffic noise measurements 11. Estimated reduction of noise levels due to implementation of mitigation measures 12. Mitigation measures during road operation phase 13. Example of the environmental clauses for contract documents in construction 14. Monitoring plan 15. Minutes on the EIA TORs public consultations 16. Minutes on the EIA&EMP public consultations Page 3 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS BELAVTODOR Road Department of the Ministry of Transport and Communications CAS Country Assistance Strategy EA Environmental Assessment UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EU European Union GoB Government of Belarus - Minskavtodor-Center MoF Ministry of Forestry MoNREP The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection MOCoNREP Mogilev Oblast Committee of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection M TC Ministry of Transport and Communications NGO Non-governmental organization OP/ BP/ GP Operational Policies, Bank Procedures and Good Practices SEE State Ecological Expertise SEIA Statement on the Environmental Impact Assessment SEI State Ecological Inspectorate TA Technical Assistance UNDP United Nation Development Programme WB World Bank Page 4 Executive Summary Introduction. The development objective of the project is to reduce of transport costs for road users on the upgraded sections of the M5 road, and introduce electronic tolling as an efficient cost recovery mechanism in Belarus’ road sector. The project objective would be achieved mostly by improving the condition, quality and capacity of a road section, and by implementing the initial stage of an electronic road tolling system. The current EIA and EMP document is providing an assessment of potential environmental and social impacts of the Project, along with the necessary measures to avoid and/or mitigate any of them. Project activities. Component 1 - Road upgrading (US$ 131 million). This component will include the upgrading of a total of 53 km of the M5 road located between Minsk and Bobrujsk. It will include (i) the reconstruction of the existing two lanes and the construction of two additional lanes for an axle load of 11.5 tons, (ii) multiple road safety features in line with EU road standards, (iii) the construction of six two-level interchanges, seven overpasses, four new bridges, two pedestrian underpasses, (iv) a number of environmental impact management features, such as protective noise screens in the three villages that are located near the alignment and (v) communications and other infrastructure related to the new electronic tolling system. Component 2 – Modernization of Road Tolling System (US$ 18 million): This component will include the supply and installation of a modern electronic road tolling system based on microwave technology on a 109 km section (from km 22 to km 131) of the M5 road between Minsk and Bobrujsk. Component 3 – Road Sector Institutional Support (US$ 1 million): This component will be aimed at strengthening the institutional capacity of road sector institutions in Belarus and include technical assistance, training and other TA activities. Project environmental category. The project has been assigned Environmental Category "B" in accordance with World Bank Operational Policy 4.01, "Environmental Assessment". This classification was based on the fact that (i) construction works as such will essentially be confined to the existing right-of-way, (ii) there is no resettlement of people or businesses and (iii) the potential environmental impacts of the project are not expected to be significant. The only two small segments of the road where significant environmental impacts are expected are segments intended for construction of two by-passes. For a category B project it is necessary to conduct a site specific EIA and prepare an Environmental Management Plan for both construction and operation phases. Furthermore, the EIA and EMP have to be disclosed and consulted with all interested parties, including potentially affected people in the country, as well as in the WB Infoshop. National EIA requirements. Belarus has a well established EIA process involving the performance of EIA and its review through staff of the State Environmental Expertise (SEE). This is part of the overall approval cycle for all investment projects. The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection (MNREP) is the main responsible institution for this area. It has maintained a high level of expertise related to environmental assessment and continues to further develop its methods using experience from the EU. The EIA rules and procedures for Belarus are described in detail in a series of regulatory documents: (a) Law on Environmental Protection (2002); (b) Law on State Ecological Expertise (2000); (c) Instruction on the State Ecological Expertise (2001); (d) Regulation on EIA (2005); and (e) Regulation on State Ecological Expertise of the land planning documents. As per these documents, the proposed project is qualified as a project which does not have significant environmental impacts and is not subject to a full EIA study, but only to a partial environmental assessment with a relevant environmental protection section in the design document. Furthermore, as per the last modifications to the Belarusian laws on environmental assessment, the project is not subject to an individual review by the State Ecological Expertise (SEE) and its environmental review should be done according to the State Construction Review process. Location of the road and its environmental characteristics. The project area is generally flat with hilly landscape on its north-western side and marshlands with a series of lakes and rivers towards south-east. The proposed road section crosses a small local river (the Svisloch river, a local non-navigable river 327 km long) Page 5 and two small streams, as well as the upstream end of the Osipovich water reservoir. Most of the area is cultivated with native and secondary forests. The soils are sandy and marshy with wetlands in the river valleys. The subsoil structure is mainly composed of sands. Forest dominates the landscape with limited areas of agricultural land. The road passes the southern side of five small villages (Podberezhye, Tepluhi, Sosnovy, Iasen ’ and Boyary). The valley of the Osipovichi water reservoir with its meadow wetlands is the most significant ecosystem along the route. Forest represents the typical ecological typology on the road; only in few river valleys does the ecological typology include meadow and wetland vegetation. In the immediate vicinity of the road there are no protected areas and/or valuable natural habitats. The road will follow the existing alignment and only very minimal changes to the alignment are planned for leveling, horizontal contouring and correction of curves. Only on one road segment new embankment will be built to cross the existing railroad with the maximum height of about 6 to 7 meters. Terrain cuts are not needed. The road will mostly follow the existing right-of-way (ROW) with the exception of the village of Sosnovy and Boyar where two bypasses of 5.7 km and about 4.2 km length respectively and a bridge over the Svisloch river of 180 m length, are to be constructed. For road construction a strip of forest, parallel to the road, of between 10 and 30 m in width on one or another side of the road will have to be cut down, and the corresponding land transferred between different state entities. The project will rely on 4 sand quarries from borrow pits along the road alignment. The gravel for road construction will be taken from the exisiting and licensed quarry located outside of the project area. Extraction procedures are well regulated under national environmental laws, rehabilitation is compulsory and noncompliance is prosecuted. The extraction of fill and aggregate materials will be restricted to non-river sources in the project area . Potential environmental impacts. The potential project impacts and environmental issues are typical for road construction activities and include the following: disruption of air quality ; increased noise ; loss of vegetation ; disturbance of the fauna; and communal wastes; use of bitumen, disposal of construction solid or hazardous waste, and labor camp management (which will be temporary with only minor and localized negative effects). Most of these impacts are minor and could be easily managed during the project implementation by applying a set of avoidance and mitigation measures. As mentioned above, the project will require cutting of an area of about 120 ha of afforested lands as well as will affect the Svisloch water reservoir ecosystem during the bridge construction. However, the percentage of forest to be cut for the purposes of the Project implementation is very small (roughly 0.0127%) in comparison with the total area of forests on the Project site. Furthermore, the forest areas along the road do not represent important natural habitats and/or protected areas. Thus any significant negative impact on biodiversity or soil conservation is not expected. Besides reforestation measures are planned to replace trees taken up during construction works Potential social impacts. As the proposed road will pass the immediate southern vicinity of mentioned small villages, the project may cause impacts on the health of local population. In order to estimate the magnitude of these impacts and propose relevant mitigation measures, potential impacts of traffic emissions and noise on people living along the road in those villages were assessed during the project design. Based on the field measurements and modeling of traffic flows it was concluded that with the projected traffic increase the level of air pollution will not exceed the existing national hygienic standards. In terms of noise, conducted field measurements and modeling showed exceeding of the permissible 55 dBA noise level (according to national noise standards) by 8-12 dBA. To reduce the potential noise as the result of increased traffic, the EMP proposes installation of special anti-noise screens of 2-4 m height. At the same time, the project will bring a series of positive social impacts, including increases in traffic, economic activities, better connectivity and further development along the road corridor. After completion, the project will also have positive indirect impacts on human health and safety through decreased number of accidents, reduced air pollution due to increased speed and fluent traffic on the upgraded road. Resettlement issues. Based on the EIA study there are no resettlement issues as the road alignment was optimized at the design stage. The land officially transferred for road construction belongs to the state and there are no private land plots in the Project area. Environmental Management Plan. The borrower prepared a detailed EMP which contains: (a) necessary mitigation measures; (b) a monitoring plan; (c) implementing Page 6 arrangements. Proposed mitigation measures include actions to be undertaken for all project stages: design, construction and operation. During the design stage the EMP emphasized the need to incorporate all requirements to minimize effects on environment that may result from planned construction activities, as well as to avoid social and health impacts. To minimize potential construction-related negative impacts during the construction phase a combination of preventive actions and monitoring is necessary to be implemented, including: proper management of construction waste; control measures for waste fuel, oil and lubricants, other hazardous substances; provisions for protection of flora and fauna; actions to reduce noise and dust levels; soil erosion control and water quality protection, along with rehabilitation of areas under construction camp, asphalt-concrete plants and temporary storage of building materials once the project is completed, as well as the provision of adequate crosswalks for children and local population. In order to minimize potential noise impacts, as mentioned above, the project will support installation of anti-noise barriers within villages. These mitigating measures would constitute integral part of the project implementation including the contracts binding the contractors to carry out the appropriate environmental obligations during road construction works. Among the most important provisions to be provided to the contractors are the following: (a) provisions on spill prevention and cleanup, dust and noise control, traffic management during construction, safety enhancement, construction site cleanup and rehabilitation; and, (b) provisions governing the sources of construction materials. Materials (e.g., asphalt, stone, sand, etc.) would be supplied only from sources with approved licenses, permits, and/or approvals for environment and labour safety; any equipment used during construction would meet internationally recognized standards for environment and labour health and safety. The Bank will review the contract documents for civil works to ensure that specific clauses and measures are incorporated as proposed. Monitoring Plan. It includes measures that will be employed to track the effectiveness of the EMP, as well as environmental indicators to be monitored, monitoring methods and frequency, and reporting procedures. Monitoring of implementation of environmental mitigation measures will be the responsibility of: (a) construction Contractors; (b) Road Research Institute (BELDORNII) Environment Specialist; (c) supervising consultant; and (c) rayon local ecological inspectors. Biodiversity conservation issues will be monitored by the specialized institutions from the National Academy of Science. The findings of the relevant monitoring activities will be reflected in quarterly and annual progress reports. The progress reports will be prepared by BELDORNII Environmental Specialist and cover the implementation of proposed by EMP activities, as well as extent of environmental impacts (if any). Furthermore, he/she will also develop the reporting requirements and procedures to ensure compliance of the contractors. The site supervisors will inspect along with the construction sites, borrowing and dumping, and other potentially affected areas. During the construction phase the Environment Specialist and environmental inspectors will ensure that measures specified in the EMP are followed by the contractors who have contractual responsibility towards these actions. In case of non- compliance, project management will take the necessary actions in accordance with contract agreement. During the road operation phase the main responsibility concerning monitoring activities will be born by the local road enterprises. Traffic Safety. Major injuries and death are today resulting from head-on collisions along the existing two-lane road. The project will separate opposing traffic onto separate lanes, divided by several meters of space and also crash barriers. It is expected that this will entirely eliminate head-on collisions which are the major cause of traffic injuries and deaths on that road section. The project will thus have a positive impact on human health and road safety through decreased number of accidents. Implementing arrangements and institutional capacities to perform environmental safeguards. Direct responsibility for project implementation would rest with BELAVTODOR. Its responsibilities include: procurement, financial management, contract management, project and program monitoring and evaluation, reporting, as well as ensuring implementation of Page 7 environmental safeguards. In terms of safeguards issues, this institution has in its subordination a special Road Safety Laboratory under the Belorussian Road Reserach Institute (BELDORNII) which will be responsible in this regard. Within the Laboratory a special Environmental Specialist was appointed with the scope of ensuring the project EMP implementation. The primary tasks of the Environmental Specialist are: (a) integration of environmental requirements in contracts issued for carrying out of rehabilitation works; (b) ensuring adequate implementation of the EMP provisions and especially of the stipulated mitigation measures; (c) monitoring and supervision; and (c) reporting. The EA institutional capacity of the borrower was assessed during project preparation. It was concluded the BELDORNII has adequate capacities to perform duties concerning enforcing EMP provisions. Within the above mentioned Road Safety Laboratory there is a highly qualified staff as well as analytical equipment to perform needed analyses of environmental quality. Furthermore, this institution has previous experience in dealing with environmental safeguards while implementing other similar projects in the country, based on both IFIs (in particular EBRD) and National financing. Costs. The total cost of environmetal mitigation measures is about USD 4.100.400. EMP supervision and monitoring will be carried out by BELDORNII in cooperation with biodiversity experts of the National Academy of Sciences. The estimated costs of these services shall be about USD 85,000. The sum for EMP supervision and monitoring is out of the Project budget and will be paid by BELAVTODOR. No additional funding will be provided to State Ecological Inspectorate for monitoring compliance with agreed measures, enforcing laws, regulations and covenants; these costs would be borne by the institution itself as that is its main duties. EIA disclosure and consultation. Per World Bank requirements BELAVTODOR disclosed and consulted in the country the EIA documents at both stages, - scoping for discussing the TORs for the EIA study, as well as at the stage of full draft of the EIA&EMP document. Consultations on the draft TORs were held on November 3, 2009 in Osipovichy, in the premises of the district roads enterprise (DEU 73). Earlier, in October 2009, BELAVTODOR had posted the draft TORs and a short preliminary Environmental Assessment memo on its web page (www.BELAVTODOR.belhost.by), informing all interested parties about the consultation. Furthermore, special announcements concerning this consultation were made in the national newspaper "Republic" (on October 3, 2009); in the sectoral newspaper "Roads of Belarus" (on October 29, 2009) as well as in the Osipovichy local newspaper "Osipovichy Land" on October 10, 2009. The meeting was very well attended with more than 30 participants, including representatives from Mogilev Oblast, District governments, village councils, environmental and traffic police authorities, NGO, media, and design institutes. The representatives from BELGIPRODOR presented the project goal and objectives, as well as its potential impacts and benefits. The main scope and objectives of the EIA study were discussed as well as potential environmental impacts of the project and mitigation approaches. Participants raised questions related to potential impacts of the increased traffic on air pollution and noise levels within the vicinity of the settlements. The project itself, as well as the TORs, was accepted by all participants. Disclosure and consultations of the draft EIA&EM. Public consultations on full draft of the EIA&EMP document were held on June 9, 2010 in Osipovichi in the offices of DEU-73. Prior to that the document was disclosed on the web-sites of BELAVTODOR ( www.BELAVTODOR.belhost.by ) and BELGIPRODOR ( www.belgiprodor.by ) so that all the interested parties could get knowledge of the project, its environmental and social impacts and benefits, environmental mitigation measures and plans for their implementation and monitoring. Special notifications about the time and venue of the consultation were published in the sectoral newspaper "Roads of Belarus" as well as in the Osipovichy local newspaper "Osipovichy Land". Besides, individual invitations for the consultations were sent to the relevant bodies, agencies and companies. The meeting was attended by representatives from Mogilev Oblast, village councils, environmental and traffic police authorities, medicians, NGO, media, road maintenance units. The Chief Project Design Engineer from BELGIRPODOR presented the brief project description, its goal and objectives, technical issues, potential impacts and benefits. The Page 8 biodiversity expert from the National Academy of Sciences presented results of the recently performed field studies of the project site and proposed measures relating to conservation of flora and fauna. The environmental expert from BELDORNII presented results of noise and air polluting emissions measurements. Participants raised questions on potential environmental impacts during performance of civil works, operation of construction plant, machinery and equipment, development and maintenance of pit quarries located along the road, measures of wildlife conservation and populations of beavers, in particular. Also questions relating to traffic safety and arrangement of bus stops were raised. Detailed responses on raised questions were given. The project itself and the draft EIA&EMP were accepted by all participants. The Minutes of the public consultations are presented in the Annex 16. Page 9 1. Project background Project rationale. M-5/E271 Minsk-Gomel road is an important part of Pan-European transport corridor I –B, going through the territory of the Republic of Belarus. International transport route Klaipeda – Vilnius – Minsk – Kiev – Odessa has the I road category parameters on sections Klaipeda – Vilnius (on the territory of Lithuania), Persahai – Pukhovichi by-pass (on the territory of Belarus) and Chernigov – Odessa (on the territory of Ukraine). The bottlenecks of this transport route are sections from Vilnius to Pershai and from Puchovichi by-pass (Maryina Gorka) to Chernigov by-pass, having the II–III road category parameters. Besides, border control posts between Lithuania and Belarus and Ukraine and Belarus are located on these sections. At present the road is heavily trafficed by transport flows due to its insufficient capacity on some sections and junctions, i.e. crossings with secondary roads and Osipovichi – Grodzaynka railway, as well as due to the fact that a large number of vehicles travel through settlements which leads to deterioration of road operational characteristics, reduction of traffic comfort and safety, increase of air, soil and vegetation pollution. The road is heavily trafficed during rush-hours and week-ends. Due to a large number of commercial trucks and limited space for over-taking, the sections are characterized by high accident rates. Traffic volumes on the Project sections, according to the data collected and forecasted by “Belgiprodor” State Enterprise shall constitute 8,275 – 9,012 vehicles per day (vpd); 24,500 – 26,392 vpd for 20 year perspective, including vehicle trains in the amount of 1,516 – 1,535 vpd. Due to the low capacity over-taking manoeuvres are frequently made on the Project sections, which lead to traffic accidents with serious consequances. At present the road is overloaded due to insufficient traffic capacity at certain sections and crossroads with secondary roads and the railways “Mogilev – Osipovichi” and “Os ipovichi – Gradzianka” in one level as well as due to passage of great number of cargo trucks through villages resulting in deterioration of traffic and maintenance characteristics, lower comfort and safety, increased air pollution and soil and vegetation contamination. Therefore, it was decided to upgrade the - 5/ 271 Minsk -Gomel road to a 4-lane 1st category motorway. Project objectives. The development objective of the project is to reduce of transport costs for road users on the upgraded sections of the M5 road, and introduce electronic tolling as an effic ient cost recovery mechanism in Belarus’ road sector. These project objectives would be achieved mostly by improving the condition, quality and capacity of a road section, and by implementing the initial stage of an electronic road tolling system. Project benefits. Upgrading of the road would improve its transport and operational parameters which in turn would directly influence social and economic development aspects of the economic sectors of Belarus, Lithuania and Ukraine, primarily road sector performance, business efficiency and living standards of the population. Improved traffic conditions would reduce air pollution, soil and vegetation contamination thus improving environmental situation in the region. Public economic effect of the project will be achieved through reduction of transport and maintenance costs (fuel, lubricants, spare parts and servicing, depreciation, drivers’ wages, overheads and etc.) and non-transport costs (passenger costs associated with travel time, reduced need for a working capital of enterprises (organizations) associated with cargo transportation time and seasonal breaks in heavy vehicles traffic, reduction of road accidents; creation of new jobs in the road maintenance subsector). Project financing, coordination and management. The estimated World Bank loan amount for the project would be US$150 million in IBRD terms. The Loan will be repaid from the government’s budget. 2. Project descrtiption and components The Project will consist of the following three components: Page 10 Component 1: Road upgrading (US$ 131 million). This component would fund the upgrading 53 km of the M5 road within sections from km 65 to km 93 and from km 106 to km 131, between Minsk and Bobrujsk. It will include (i) the reconstruction of the existing two lanes and the construction of two additional lanes for an axle load of 11.5 tons, (ii) multiple road safety features in line with EU road standards, (iii) the construction of six two-level interchanges, seven overpasses, four new bridges, two pedestrian underpasses, (iv) a number of environmental impact management features, such as protective noise screens in the three villages that are located near the alignment and (v) communications and other infrastructure related to the new electronic tolling system.   The upgrading would bring the road from a 2-lane (Category 2) road to a 4-lane (Category 1B) motorway in order to alleviate existing traffic congestion and meet projected traffic growth. The actually observed and forecasted traffic growth would justify the proposed upgrading. In the period of 2000-2005, the annual traffic growth on the whole section ranged between 7.6 and 8.9 percent. Traffic growth increased to 12.5 and 14.6 percent in the period 2005-2008. A traffic survey conducted in August 2009 measured a traffic growth of 9 percent for the current year, which justifies per se the road upgrading to 4 lanes. The project would include the construction of 6 two-level interchanges, 7 overpasses, 4 new bridges, and 2 pedestrian underpasses. The project envisages reconstruction of the road for an axle load capacity of 11.5 tons and organization of multiple road safety features in line with European standards, including road marking, traffic signs, safety barriers in relevant places, as well as a number of environmental management activities, such as construction of anti-noise screens in three villages. Within the overall section from km 65 to km 131 (66 km), the Government is funding the sub-section between km 93 and km 106 from its own resources, and some works have already been carried out. Currently, only the first 65 km starting from Minsk are four lanes. The detailed design for the 53 km section is under preparation and should be ready by the end of March, 2010. Most of widening of the road will be carried out within the existing right-of- way with the exceptions of the the 2 bypasses: bypass of Sosnovy (about 5.7 km long) and bypass of Boyary (about 4.2 km long). No significant technical issues are expected during the construction. The total cost for construction is estimated to be US$131 million (i.e., about US$2.5 million per kilometer on average), including supervision. Sections 2 and 4 are above the average construction cost per kilometer as they include the 2 bypasses as well as bridges and 2-level interchanges. The proposed road follows existing alignment of two-lane road in most sections, with the geometric standards of Category I-b according to national standards. The most difficult technical challenge is going to be the construction of the largest of the 4 new bridges which is across the Svisloch River, on Section 2. The bridge has a length of about 180 meters and requires specific site preparation measures, piling, and soil excavation techniques. There are also 7 overpasses and 2 pedestrian underpasses that should not present any particular technical nor environmental issue. Four (4) Borrow pit locations are already determined: “Rovchak” at 7.9 km distance from road section km 68.1, “Smyk” at 1.7 km distance from road section km 94.8, “Yasen-4” at 1.8 km distance from road section km 117.8, “Lenino” at 0.5 km distance from road section km 124.2. Each of them would be about one (1) million cubic meters. The project will use Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA), which provides a deformation resistant, durable surfacing material, suitable for heavily travelled roads. SMA has a high coarse aggregate content that interlocks to form a stone skeleton that resists permanent deformation. On that aspect, SMA is an efficient solution for Belarus and its climate, and has already been used in the country. Component 2: Modernization of Road Tolling System (US$ 18 million): This component will finance the design and installation of a modern electronic road tolling system on a section from km 22 to km 131 of the M5 road between Minsk and Bobrujsk. The tolling system will include various types of equipment, such as (i) on-road tolling equipment, (ii) specialized vehicles and equipment for control purposes, (iii) a centralized data processing center, (iv) Page 11 software and computers, and (v) on-board devices for vehicles. The proposed technology should allow for a high-speed free flow tolling system with active radio-frequency identification tags of 5.8 GHz (European Standard) and automatic detection of vehicle classes and the tariffs to be applied. The Government is planning to gradually introduce modern electronic tolling on most main roads, as those roads get upgraded to higher standards. Besides, the M-1/E-30 Brest- Minsk-Russian road where tolling was already introduced a few years ago, the M-5 road section between Minsk and Bobrujsk would be the next road where tolling is to be applied and the first one where electronic tolling is to be introduced. The tolling system should become operational right after the opening of the road sections to be upgraded under Component 1. A feasibility study on the introduction of electronic tolling in Belarus has been prepared by the Government and will serve as the starting point for the detailed preparation of project Component 2. The study already includes a benchmarking analysis of foreign best practices in toll collection as well as a review of the existing tolling technologies. The study develops an economic and financial analysis of 7 options (vignette, electronic vignette, vignette for HGVs only, free-flow microwave technology with 2 different tolling rate patterns, and GSM technology with 2 different tolling rate patterns). The draft conclusion puts stress on the overall efficiency of microwave technology, and promotes an introduction of the system in phases, leading to a progressive yet aiming at becoming comprehensive, tolling approach. Component 2 will contribute to this initiated development and will include the following items to be procured: (i) support by specialized consultants to develop the technical and functional requirements of the system, analyze the implications of the new system on the given institutional and regulatory framework, specify operational management and maintenance arrangements, prepare a public awareness campaign and communication strategy, and to prepare the bidding documents, among other activities; and (i) the supply and installation of the tolling system, which may include tolling equipment, vehicles and equipment for distant control, software and computers, and on- board devices and equipment for tolling stations. Component 3: Road Sector Institutional Support (US$ 1 million): This component is aimed at strengthening the institutional capacity of road sector institutions in Belarus and will include (i) training of road sector specialists and (ii) consulting services, such as the financial audits and others to be determined. Detailed description of the construction activities. The project provides for upgrading of parameters of longitudinal and cross profiles to Category I standards in accordance with the Technical Code of Existing Practices (TCEP) 45-3.03-19-2006. The roadway width is 25.5 meters; roadway cross profile with 4 lanes 3.5 m wide (7m 2) and roadside 3 m wide including a reinforced one of 2.5 m. The width of dividing strip is 5.5 m including a reinforced one of 0.5 m. The following changes are proposed: (a) Arrangement of road safety features (street lighting within a side development area, installation of metal fence at a dividing strip along the sections where accumulation lanes for left turns are arranged, installation of injury-safe signal posts, road signs and road marking); (b) Arrangement of comfortable lay-bys, bus stops including sidewalks and traffic lights at road crossing points, “safety islands” and etc; and (c) Repairs of the existing and construction of new bridges and culverts. The project provides for construction of an interchange in the Podberezhye village and construction (reconstruction) of 4 bridges and 6 overpasses: (a) a bridge across the Svisloch river at km 65.641 -11,4, 211.05 m long, an overpass at km 68. 655 - 11+2 0,75, 54.56 m long in Podberehye village; (c) a bridge across the Bolochanka river at km 73. 05 -14,5+1,0, 45.86 m long. At the Sosnovy village bypass it is proposed the following: (a) an overpass at the intersection with H11201 road - 10+2 1,0 , 73.1 m long; (b) a bridge across the Svisloch river -23,5 180 m long; (c) an overpass at intersection with the railway -23,5, 73.2 m long; (d) a bridge across the Volchanka river at km 129,941 -23,5, 28 m long; (f) an overpass at the interchange in Boy ary village -23,5, 40 m long; (g) an overpass at a turn-off from a ring Page 12 (Bobruisk) - 11+2 0,75, 73.1 m long; (h) a second over -crossing at a turn-off from a ring (Bobruisk) - 11+2 0,75, 51.96 m long. Reconstruction of the sections km 57.3 – km 65 and km 99.2 – km 106.050 of - 5/ -271 Minsk-Gomel road is in progress including construction of an interchange near Osipovichi at km 99.2, construction (reconstruction) of a bridge across the Sinya river at km 102. 293 ( - 23. 5+2 0 .75) and 5 overpasses: (a) an overpass at km 58. 580 - 10.2+2 1.1 at intersection with -59 Logoisk-Smolevichi-Mar’ina Gorka road; (b) an overpass at km 64. 820 - 8+2 1.1 at intersection with -9383 Pukhovichi – Ugolets road; (c) an over-crossing overpass at km 99.850 13,5+2 1,5 at intersection with -72 Osipovichi-Svisloch road; (d) an overpass at km 103,980 - 25,83+2 0,85 at intersection with -91 Osipovichi– Baranovichi and -11235 Yasenets – M.Gorozha roads; (e) an overpass at km 105.43 5 - 23,5+2 0,85 at intersection with Osipovichi –Mogilev railway. It is intended to bypass residential settlements (it is expected to construct two bypasses of the residential settlements: the Sosnovy village and the Boyary village). Near the Podberejie and the Yasen villages it is expected to organize safe pedestrian traffic through construction of underground pedestrian tunnels. The project also provides for construction of two-level interchanges at intersections with the republican and local roads with the projected daily traffic of over 1000 vpd. 3. EIA scope and objectives, project environmental category EIA objectives and methodology. The main scope of the Environmental Impact Assessment study is to: (a) ensure that environmental issues have been taken into account in the design and implementation of the project; (b) determine the future potential environmental and social impacts of the project; (c) to specify the mitigation and monitoring measures to be undertaken during the road construction. The study was conducted based on the following: (i) analysis of the existing national EIA and road construction legal documents, regulations and guidelines; (ii) EIA reports prepared for similar WB projects in other countries; (iii) WB safeguard policies, as well as guiding materials; (iv) field investigations on the project baseline conditions, including on the status of the geological and hydrological conditions, biodiversity, socio and economic situation, etc; (v) measurements and modeling of the traffic air emissions and noise; and (vi) results of consultations with the representatives from all interested parties. The list of used publications, laws, and materials is presented in the Annex 1. The draft TORs for the study was widely disseminated and consulted with all interested stakeholders. Prediction and assessment of likely positive/negative impacts of the proposed project activities are based on the assessment of reduction/increase of the risk of environmental media contamination/degradation and impact on human health. The following risk assessment criteria are used: (a) scale of impacts on human populations or on environmentally important areas, including wetlands, native forests, grasslands, and other major natural habitats; (b) direct pollutant discharges that are large enough to cause degradation of environment; (c) large-scale physical disturbance of the site and/or surroundings; (d) measurable modification of hydrologic cycle; (e) hazardous materials in more than incidental quantities; (f) involuntary displacement of people; (g) location in or near sensitive and valuable ecosystems — wetlands, wildlands, and habitat of endangered species; (h) location in densely populated areas, where resettlement may be required or potential pollution impact and other disturbances may significantly affect communities; and (j) probability of occurrence of the cumulative impact of the proposed construction activities. Project environmental category. The project has been assigned Environmental Category "B" in accordance with World Bank Operational Policy 4.01, "Environmental Assessment".This classification was based on the fact that (i) construction works as such will essentially be confined to the existing right-of-way, (ii) there is no resettlement of people or businesses and (iii) the potential environmental impacts of the project are not expected to be significant and only of a Page 13 temporary nature. The only two small segments of the road where significant environmental impacts are expected are segments intended for construction of two by-passes. For a category B project it is necessary to conduct a site specific EIA and prepare an Environmental Management Plan for both construction and operation phases. Furthermore, the EIA and EMP have to be disclosed and consulted with all interested parties, including potentially affected people in the country, as well as in the WB Infoshop. EIA study team. The EIA and EMP report was prepared by a team of specialists from BELGIPRODOR, leaded by Nikolay Timoshchuk, Chief Design Engineer. The list of team members and their responsibilities is presented in the Annex 2. EIA approval at the national level. Per national requirements the EIA&EMP was submitted to the Gosstroi expertise for its review and approval. The document was approved on 11 November 2009 (see Annex 3). Procedure of EIAs approval in Belarus is specified in the appropriate Instruction approved by the Resolution of the State Standardization Committee of the Republic of Belarus No. 63 issued on 17 th December 2008. According to this Instruction the section EIA&EMP of the Project, including general description of environmental features of the Project site, potential environmental risks and impacts, i.e. measurement results and forecast calculations of harmful emissions and noise levels, data on possible impact on flora, fauna, water and soil, design of preventive and mitigation measures during the Project implementation, etc. were reviewed in detail and evaluated by the ecological expert of GosstroiExpertiza. 4. Belarus ’s roads and Government plans The total length of public roads in Belrus is 85,668 kilometers, including 15,476 km of national roads and 70,192 km of local roads. There are 5,276 bridges and viaducts of 177.2 km total length. The top priorities of the state road policy shall cover such objectives as rational development and improvement of technical condition of public roads for meeting the demands of the republican economy and population in facilitating road traffic, provision of conditions for social development and also integration of major roads into the European transport system and into the common international road network of the CIS states. The territory of the Republic of Belarus is crossed by five “E” category roads of 1,841 km total length, including Trans-European transport corridors: · Number 2 Berlin – Warsaw – Minsk – Moscow – Nizhny Novgorod, · Number 9 Helsinki – St.-Petersburg – Moscow/Pskov – Kiev – Chisinau – Bucharest – Dimitrovgrad – Alexandropolis, · Number 9B Kaliningrad /Klaipeda – Kaunas –Vilnius – Minsk – Kiev. In 2006 the Program “Roads of Belarus” for the period of 2006-2015 was endorsed by the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No.468 dated 6 th April 2006. The objective of the Program is to create an "enabling environment for the development of the national economy, enhancement of safety and defence capacity, implementation of the government social policy and facilitation of business initiative of households". The top priorities of the Program include rehabilitation of the most heavily trafficked sections of republican roads, including those, which are part of Trans-European transport corridors, removal of non-infrastructure related bottlenecks, affecting the flow of transport in and across Belarus, substantial improvement of traffic conditions, both for local and international vehicles, reduction of travelling time of goods and passengers, reduction of transport costs, increase of traffic safety, improvement of the environmental conditions. Improvement, in compliance with the ecological needs of the country, of the major transport and logistics systems is also one of the main goals. The Program includes, inter alia, the need to upgrade the M5 road, a section of which is proposed to be financed by this Project. Page 14 5. EIA legal and administrative framework 5.1 National requirements for Environmental Impact Assessment and Ecological Expertise EIA legal basis. Belarus has a well established EIA process involving the performance of EIA and its review through staff of the State Environmental Expertise (SEE). This is part of the overall approval cycle for all investment projects. The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection (MoNREP) is the main responsible institution for this area. It has maintained a high level of expertise related to environmental assessment and continues to further develop its methods using experience from the EU. The EIA rules and procedures for Belarus are described in detail in a series of regulatory documents: (a) Law on Environmental Protection (2002); (b) Law on State Ecological Expertise (2000); (c) Instruction on the State Ecological Expertise (2001); (d) Regulation on EIA (2005); and (e) Regulation on State Ecological Expertise of the land planning documents. As per these documents, the proposed project is qualified as a project which does not have significant environmental impacts and is not subject to a full EIA study, but only to a partial environmental assessment with a relevant environmental protection section in the design document. Furthermore, as per the last modifications to the Belarusian laws on environmental assessment, the project is not subject to an individual review by the State Ecological Expertise (SEE) and its environmental review should be done according to the State Construction Review process. This concept of SEE seeks to examine the compliance of proposed activities and projects with the requirements of environmental legislation and standards and ecological safety. The law stipulates the mandatory cross-sectoral nature of SEE, which shall be scientifically justified, comprehensive, and objective and which shall lead to conclusions in accordance with the law. SEE precedes decision-making about activities that may have a negative impact on the environment and is compulsory for all economic activities which may have likely negative impact on environment regardless of their destination, property, investments, placing, source of financing, etc. Financing of programs and projects is allowed only after a positive SEE decision has been issued. The 1994 Constitution of the Republic of Belarus (Articles 34, 46, 55) and the Law on Environmental Protection dated 26 November 1992 1982 -XII (amended on 13 June 2007) are the fundamental laws establishing a legal basis for environmental protection and management, conservation and restoration of biodiversity, natural resources and assets and are intended to secure statutory rights of citizens to life- and health-friendly environment. Among other laws which stipulate various aspects of environmental protection relevant to the project activities are the following: On Hazardous Cargo Transportation (passed in 2001); On Ambient Air Protection (passed in 1997); On Sanitary and Epidemiological Safety of Population (passed in 1993); On Drinking Water Supply (passed in 1999); On Quality and Safety of Raw Food and Food Products for Human Health (passed in 2003); On Waste Management (passed in 2007). The Law on Waste Management established a legal basis for waste management. The Law is intended to reduce waste generation, to prevent harmful impact on the environment, public health, state-owned assets, corporate and individual property and to maximize reuse of recycled materials. As a follow-up to the Law on Waste Management, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection, the Ministry of Housing and Utilities and the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus have adopted a number of secondary regulatory acts. These laws and regulations have been followed in decision-making on designing the proposed facility, selection of the site and waste processing technology. Requirements to the content of EIA. The EIA is performed based on the Instruction on the procedure of environmental impact assessment of intended economic and other activity in the Republic of Belarus endorsed by the Resolution of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Belarus dated 17 June 2005 30. This document is based on the following regulatory framework: Page 15 · The Espoo Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (Belarus acceded to the Espoo Convention in 2005). · Law of the Republic of Belarus «On Environmental Protection» passed on 26 November 1992 and amended on 17 July 2002. · Law of the Republic of Belarus «On State Ecological Expert Examination» passed on 18 June 1993 and amended on 14 July 2000. · Law «On Meetings, Rallies, Demonstrations and Picketing» passed on 30 December 1997 and amended on 7 August 2003. · Instruction on the State Environmental Expert Examination Procedures in the Republic of Belarus (MoNREP Resolution dated 11 May 2001). · List of economic activities and sites subject to compulsory EIA of intended economic and other activity (MoNREP Resolution dated 17 June 2005). · Methodological Guidelines on the composition of materials and main requirements for justification of locating the sites of economic and other activity in Belarus. (MNREP Methodological Guidelines dated 31 March 1993). · Construction Norms and Rules 1.03.02-96 «Content and procedure of drafting the «Environmental protection» section in design documents». In accordance with the referred Instruction, EIA shall involve: (a) The project Beneficiary, a Service Provider and other legal entities and individuals interested in implementation of the intended activities the public; (b) the designated government environmental protection and natural resource management authorities and their territorial departments as well as other government and regional authorities responsible for issuing permits in accordance with the legislation. The Project Beneficiary Client (with regard to the present project the beneficiary is BELAVTODOR) shall cover EIA costs, draft the Terms of Reference for EIA, ensure, if needed, public participation, and obtain no objections from the government and control authorities. The Service Provider, upon instruction of the beneficiary, carries out EIA. EIA shall be carried out together with elaboration of design documents and include the following stages: (a) Elaboration of a Statement of Intent and Terms of Reference for EIA; (b) Identification of types and scope of environmental impact and anticipated consequences; (c) Elaboration of a Statement about potential environmental impacts; (d) Public consultations; and (e) Elaboration and submission of EIA report and other materials required for the state ecological expert examination. In accordance with the Instruction, EIA materials shall include the following: (a) general overview of the intended activity, description of the main project parameters (activity types) and land use requirements at construction and operation stages, key specifications of technological processes; consistency of the intended activity with the endorsed scheme or plan of an enterprise or sector development, if available, and the current utilities networks (heat/gas/water supply, sanitation, drainage, general plans and etc) in the project area; social and economic aspects of the intended economic and other activity (new jobs, personnel qualification upgrading, addressing social development and livelihoods concerns, development of engineering and any other infrastructure and etc.); (b) assessment of the current environmental condition including: (i) natural resource potential; (ii) socio-economic description of the project area; (iii) overview of the main sources of the intended activity’s impact on the environment given the existing impact sources such as air pollution sources, sources of impact on water resources, types of impact on lands and bioresources, waste generation sources, nuisances and other impacts; (c) forecast and assessment of the change of the environment and socio-economic conditions after the start of the intended economic and other activity; impact on anthropogenic systems and their components; (d) comparison of alternative options such as location of the intended facility including not having a facility option; technical and technological designs, environmental protection measures, compensatory ecological and social measures; (e) public consultation materials; (f) description of activities for establishment of environmental monitoring system and post-project analysis; and (g) elaboration of a final document (report); Page 16 At the subsequent design stages the impact assessment findings shall be updated based on the information collected in the process of design and survey works and specifications of the equipment, technological processes and etc. Based on the national EIA documents, the proposed project is qualified as a project which does not have significant environmental impacts and is not subject to a full EIA study, but only to a partial environmental assessment with a relevant environmental protection section in the design document. Furthermore, the project is not subject to an individual review by the State Ecological Expertise (SEE) and its environmental review should be done according to the State Construction Review process. National requirements with regard to EIA disclosure and consultation. Article 4 of the Law «On Environmental Protection» requires for EIA of the intended economic and other activity which may entail the harmful impact on the environment and may threaten life, health and property of individuals and, also, provides for compulsory engagement of the government agencies, non-governmental organizations, other legal entities and individuals in environmental protection activities. Article 12 articulates the right of individuals to participate in elaboration and discussion of materials on EIA of the intended economic and other activity; to make proposals on carrying out public ecological expert examination and to participate in it in accordance with the procedure specified in the Belarusian legislation. Additionally, article 15 articulates the «Rights and duties of non-governmental organizations dealing with environmental protection» with regard to elaboration and discussion of materials on EIA of the intended economic and other activity. Public consultations are organized in accordance with the following regulations: · The Constitution of the Republic of Belarus · The Aarhus Convention (Presidential Decree dated 14 December 1999 726) · The Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (Presidential Decree dated 20 October 2005 487) · The Law on Republican and Local Assemblies · The Law on Citizens’ Appeals · The Law on Local Governance and Self-Governance · The Law on Architectural, Urban Construction and Construction Activity in the Republic of Belarus Based on these laws public consultation is a mandatory procedure for projects requiring a full EIA study. It should be done before presenting the project to the SSE for its review and approval. EIA administrative framework. The Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources is the competent authority for EIA and state ecological expertise through its special Inspection on Ecological Expertise. The “Inspection” has three divisions: the first handles projects in land improvements and hydro-technical infrastructure; the second is responsible for water supply and sanitation and air protection projects; and the third specializes in industrial projects. Each Territorial Committee for Environmental Protection also has a unit on state ecological expertise. Ecological expertise for complex and large-scale complicated projects shall be carried out with involvement of specialized state institutions, universities, non-governmental organizations, etc. 5.2 Governmental Decisions, Instructions, Standards with regard to roads construction State Standard GOST 17.2.3.01-86. Nature protection. Atmosphere. Air quality control regulations for residential areas. Provides rules for air quality monitoring in localities. The number of monitoring sides is defined in view of a population number, the area of locality and also a network of roads with intensive transport movement as well as their arrangement on territory of towns. The standard includes also the program and terms of supervision, a rule of sampling and the characteristic of pollution of an atmosphere. Page 17 Technical Code of Existing Practise. TCP 45-3.03-19-2006. Roads. Design norms. The document applies for designing of new and reconstruction of existent roads. The document includes: (i) general requirements, (ii) traffic management and safety, (iii) protection of the environment, (iv) basic technical norms and transport and exploitation parameters, (v) crossings and ad junctions, (vi) sub-grade, (vii) road pavement, (viii) pipe culverts and tunnels, (ix) arrangement of road protection constructions, (x) buildings and structures of road and motor transportationservices. The section of environmental protection obliges to take into account during design a degree of impact from road on environment both during construction and operation, and also combination of road within landscape, preferring decisions which render minimum impact on environment. On roads within the limits of water protection zones it is necessary to provide organized water discharge from the roadway surface with its subsequent cleaning or removal in the places excluding pollution of sources of water supply. For places of unstable and especially sensitive ecological systems (inundated zones, a landslide slopes, etc.) it is necessary to provide measures for maintaining of minimal ecological balance and prevent disruption. Special measures should be designed for provision of safe and free wildlife movement in areas where roads may cross wildlife migration corridors. In case of excessive transport noise in neighbouring residential areas appropriate mitigation measures should be provided (anti-noise barriers, planting of special green trees, etc.). Technical Code of Existing Practise. TCP 059-2007 Roads. Construction norms. The document is applying for physical construction works of new roads and reconstruction of existent roads. It describes requirements for all technical parameters road pavement structure. The main points are: (i) organization of road-building works, (ii) cleanup activities, (iii) constructions of sub-grade, (iv) arrangement of additional layers of road bases, (v) arrangement of asphalt-concrete coverings and the bases, (vi) arrangement of conditions of roads, (viii) quality assurance and acceptance of executed works. Technical Code of Existing Practise. TCP 17.08-03-2006. Procedure for calculation of vehicle emissions in residential areas. The document sets forth procedure for calculation of air polluting emissions. The results of such calculations are to used for the following purposes: · Assessment of environmental impact produced by road transport; · Preparation of design documents for construction, rehabilitation and uprgading of roads and parking lots; · Assessment of alternative design options for road traffic management and control; · Feasibility studies for road projects; · Preparation of environmental management plans. This document has been drafted in line with the European Environment Agency methodology. Unit emission rates referred to in TCP 17.08-03-2006 are being updated and adjusted every three years at least, taking into account actual transport fleet condition, systems of traffic management and control in residential areas. The document contains classification of emissions, vehicle classes, estimation of road traffic parameters, methodology for calculation of air polluting emissions and green gases. Recommendations on Waste Management in Road Sector. DMD 02191.3.004-2006. This document sets forth the procedure of production waste management including planning and implementatin of specific measures for storage, transportation, processing and regeneration of production waste accumulated at concrete and asphalt plants, plant depots of road maintenance units, job sites during construction, rehabilitation and maintenance of roads and bridges. The document contains classification lists of waste with regard to its sources, description of various facilities for waste processing, instructions on how collection, accounting, storage, transportation of waste should be arranged. Recommendations on Mitigation of Adverse Road Transport Infrastructure Relating Impacts on Flora. DMD 02191.3.012-2007 . The document includes recommendations on measures aimed at reduction of adverse impact on flora produced by road transport infrastructure. These measures should be planned and implemented during design, construction, Page 18 rehabilitation and maintenance of roads and bridges. The document contains description of specific preventive and safeguarding measures allowing to avoid adverse impacts on flora and its habitat as well as to protect flora from impacts of chemical agents, waste, physical and other negative factors. Measures promoting reproduction of flora are also described in the above recommendations. Annexes to the document include data on permissible values of environmental impact on natural landscape with regard to its type; characteristics of various species in terms of resistance to impact of polluting agents, i.e. dust, salts, etc.; recommended practical mitigation measures to be implemented during earthworks, asphalt works, major bridge works. Recommendations on Mitigation of Adverse Road Transport Infrastructure Relating Impacts on Fauna. DMD 02191.3.016-2008. The document includes recommendations on measures aimed at reduction of adverse impact produced by road transport infrastructure on fauna. These measures should be planned and implemented during design, construction, rehabilitation and maintenance of roads going through territories of special environmental protection, national parks, reserves, areas of natural relics. 5.3 WB EIA rules and procedures Overview of WB safeguards policies and their relevance to the project activities. There are key 10 Environmental and Social World Bank Safeguard Policies which are intended to ensure that potentially adverse environmental and social consequences of projects financed by Bank are identified, minimized and mitigated. World Bank Safeguard Policies have a three-part format: Operational Policies (OP) - statement of policy objectives and operational principles including the roles and obligations of the Borrower and the Bank, Bank Procedures (BP) - mandatory procedures to be followed by the Borrower and the Bank, and Good Practice (GP) - non-mandatory advisory material. World Bank’s Safeguard Policies and their relevance to sub- projects to be funded under the Competitiveness Enhancement Project’s New Credit Line Component are indicated in the Table 1 below. Table 1. World Bank’s Safeguard Policies and their relevance to sub-project Safeguard Policies Relevance Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) This Policy aims to ensure that projects proposed for Bank financing are environmentally and socially sound and sustainable; to inform decision makers of the nature of environmental and social risks; to increase transparency and participation of stakeholders in the decision-making process. Yes (refer to the description below) Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04) This Policy aims to safeguard natural habitats and their biodiversity; avoid significant conversion or degradation of critical natural habitats, and t ensure sustainability of services and products which natural habitats provide to human society Not triggered (based on the EIA study there are no important wildlife and wildlife habitats in the vicinity of the proposed for construction road which was confirmed also by the MENR). Forestry (OP/BP 4.36) This Policy is to ensure that forests are managed in a sustainable manner; significant areas of forest are not encroached upon; the rights of communities to use their traditional forest areas in a sustainable manner are not compromised No (the project will not support any investments related to wood harvesting) Pest Management (OP 4.09) This policy is to e nsure pest No ( the project will not Page 19 management activities follow an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach, to minimize environmental and health hazards due to pesticide use, and to contribute to developing national capacity to implement IPM, and to regulate and monitor the distribution and use of pesticides involve pesticide use or purchasing). Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11) This policy is to ensure that: Physical Cultural Resources (PCR) are identified and protected in World Bank financed projects; national laws governing the protection of physical cultural property are complied with; PCR includes archaeological and historical sites, historic urban areas, sacred sites, graveyards, burial sites, unique natural values; implemented as an element of the Environmental Assessment No (based on the EIA study there are no any physical cultural resources in the vicinity of the road). Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10) IP – distinct, vulnerable, social and cultural group attached to geographically distinct habitats or historical territories, with separate culture than the project area, and usually different language. The Policy aims to foster full respect for human rights, economies, and cultures of IP, and to avoid adverse effects on IP during the project development. No (this Policy is not applicable for Belarus). Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) This policy aims to minimize displacement; treat resettlement as a development program; provide affected people with opportunities for participation; assist displaced persons in their efforts to improve their incomes and standards of living, or at least to restore them; assist displaced people regardless of legality of tenure; pay compensation for affected assets at replacement cost; the OP Annexes include descriptions of Resettlement Plans and Resettlement Policy Frameworks No (Based on the EIA study there are no an resettlement issues as the land officially transferred for road construction bolongs to state forestry enterprises and are not used leaglly and/or illegaly by local population). Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) This Policy is to ensure due consideration is given to the safety of dams in projects involving construction of new dams, or that may be affected by the safety or performance of an existing dam or dams under construction; important considerations are dam height & reservoir capacity No (the project will not support any activities related to usage of water reservoirs) Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP 7.50) The Policy aims to ensure that projects will neither affect the efficient utilization and protection of international waterways, nor adversely affect relations between the Bank and its Borrowers and between riparian states No (the project will not support any activities which may affect international waterways and/or might discharge waste waters directly in the international waterways). Disputed Areas (OP/BP 7.60) The Bank may support a project in a disputed area if governments concerned agree that, pending the settlement of the dispute, the project proposed for one country should go foreword without prejudice to the claims of the other country No (the project will not support any activities in disputed areas) Disclosure Policy (BP 17.50) Supports decision making by the borrower and Bank by allowing the public access to information on environmental and social aspects of projects and has specific requirements for disclosure Yes (the EIA&EMP will be disclosed and consulted in the country before appraisal and in the WB Infoshop) Page 20 Environmental Assessment . World Bank requires environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed for financing by Bank to ensure their environmental soundness and sustainability, and thus to improve decision making (OP 4.01, January 1999). EA is a process whose profundity and type of analysis depends on nature, scale, and potential environmental impact of the proposed project. EA evaluates a project's potential environmental risks and impacts; examines project alternatives; identifies ways of improving project selection, sitting, planning, design and implementation by prevention, minimization, mitigation or compensation of adverse environmental impacts and enhancing positive ones. It also includes mitigation and management of adverse environmental impacts during project implementation. The Bank prefers preventive measures rather than mitigation or compensatory ones, whenever feasible. EA takes into consideration the natural (air, water, and land), social (human health and safety, and such social aspects as involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples) and cultural environments, as well as transboundary and global environmental aspects. It also takes into account the variations in project and country conditions, findings of country environmental studies, national environmental action plans, the country's overall policy framework, national legislation, and institutional capabilities related to the environmental and social aspects, and obligations of the country to be met under relevant international environmental conventions and agreements. The Bank does not finance projects that would not comply with these obligations, if this identified during EA. EA disclosure and Consultation. For (i) A and B projects and (ii) sub-projects categorized as A and B, the borrower consults project-affected groups and local non-governmental organizations (NGO’s) about the project's environmental and social aspects and takes their views into account. The borrower initiates such consultations as early as possible. For Category A projects, the borrower consults these groups at least twice: (a) shortly after environmental screening and before the terms of reference for the EA are finalized; and (b) once a draft EA report is prepared. In addition, the borrower consults with such groups throughout project implementation as necessary to address EA-related issues that affect them. The Borrower provides relevant information in a timely manner prior to consultation and in a form and language accessible to the groups being consulted. The Borrower makes the draft EA (for category A projects) or any separate EA report (for category B projects) available in country in a local language and at a public place accessible to project-affected groups and local NGOs prior to appraisal. The final EA report should be sent to the InfoShop prior to appraisal for all category A and category B projects. For category A projects, the task team sends a summary of the EA report to the Board of Directors as soon as it is received. Separate Resettlement Plans and Indigenous Peoples Plans are disclosed with the relevant EA report. 6. Baseline conditions Location of the road and its main environmental characteristics. The project site is located in South-East part of the country between between Minsk and Bobrujsk (see Annex 4). The project area is generally flat with hilly landscape on its north-western side and marshlands with a series of lakes and rivers towards south-east.The proposed road section crosses a small local river (the Svisloch river, a local non-navigable river 327 km long) and two small streams, as well as the upstream end of the Osipovich water reservoir. . Forest dominates the landscape with limited areas of agricultural land. The road passes the southern side of five small villages (Podberezhye, Tepluhi, Sosnovy, Yasen and Boyary). The road will follow the existing alignment and only very minimal changes to the alignment are planned for leveling, horizontal contouring and correction of curves. Only on one road segment new embankment will be built to cross the existing railroad with the maximum height of about 6 to 7 meters. Terrain cuts are not needed. The road will follow the existing Right of Way (ROW) with the exception of the villages of Sosnovy and Boyar where short bypasses and a bridge over the river are to be constructed. However, the ROW will have to be widened to accommodate the "buffer zone" required by Belarus standards between the road and other land users. For this purpose a strip of forest, parallel to the road, of between 10 and 30 m in width will have to be cut down, and the corresponding lands will be transferred from the relevant state entities to the road administration. Page 21 6.1 Physical environment Climate. Section km 65 – km 99.2. This road section km 65 – km 99.2 relates to the second road climatic area of the Republic of Belarus. It is characterised by soft climate with the sum of frost degree-days in the amount of 387 – 740, average annual ambient air temperature of 5,3 – 6,3ş , annual precipitation amount of 650–750 and evaporation level of about 635 mm per year. The climate of Project site is moderately continental with warm and humid summer and moderately cold winter. The coldest month of the year is January with the average monthly temperature of –6,1 ş and the warmest month is July with the average monthly temperature of +17,8ş (according to amendment No.1 to NB 2.04.02-2000 (construction standard norms of Belarus). Increase of the annual daily air temperature above +5ş in spring will take place approximately on 13 th April. Duration of the period with temperature above +5şC shall constitute 190–193 days. Increase of the annual daily air temperature above +10ş in spring takes place approximately on 29 th April. Duration of the period with temperature above +10şC is 145 – 148 days. The first autumn frosts are observed from 2 nd October and the last spring frosts are observed until 2 nd May. In winter the south and south-east winds prevail, while in summer the west and north-west winds predominate. The stable snow covering is normally formed after 13 th December and it comes off approximately on 14 th March. The level of snow covering is 20 – 25 cm. The highest decade snow covering level is 50 – 55 cm. According to CNB 2.04.02-2000 the average depth of soil freezing (out of maximum annual values) is 79 cm, while the maximum depth of freezing is 134 cm (for Mar’ina Gorka). Section km 106 – km 131. This road section, according to Annex of TCP 45-3.03-19- 2006 (Technical Code of Standard Practice) is located in the second (central, with moderate humidity) road climatic area of the Republic of Belarus. Brief description of the Project site climatic conditions is made according to average data of long-term observations in meteo station of Bobruysk (clause 3.2 of CNB 2.04.02-2000, taking into account amendment No.1 of 02 April 2007). Average annual ambient air temperature constitutes + 6,2ş , the absolute minimum tempetarure is – 37ş , while the absolute maximum temperature is + 36ş , the average annual level of precipitation is 619 (with regard to shortage of wind accounting, as per clause 3.15 of CNB 2.04.02-2000, it is 690 mm). Duration of the period with the average daily ambient air temperature not exceeding 0ş is 121 days. Average daily temperature fluctuation round +5 ş occurs on 12 th April in spring, and on 23 October in autumn. Duration of the period with the temperature above +5ş is 190–193 days. The first autumn frosts are observed from 2 nd October, while the last spring frosts are observed until 2 nd May. The average (out of the largest decade values during winter) height of snow covering is 22 m, and the maximum height (out of the largest decade values during winter) is 45 cm. Stable snow covering remains during 89 days. The average depth of soil freezing under natural snow covering on the open terrain is 69 cm, and the maximum depth is 132 cm. Prevailing winds in winter are those of the south and south-east direction, while in summer the west and north-west winds prevail. Relief. Section km 65 – km 99.2. In terms of geomorphological conditions the Project site is located in the region of Predpoles’e plains and depressions within the Central Berezina water-glacial plain 1 . The site is located in the central part of Belarus, in the middle flow of the Berezina River. The bedrock surface is characterized by absolute elevations of about 70 – 100 m. The capacity of anthropogenic deposits diminishes in the West – East direction from 80 – 100 to 20 – 40 m. The site breakdown density is 0.2 – 0.4 km/km 2 . The ground surface is characterized by elevation decrease from the North to the South. Gentle-wavy water-glacial plain predominates in the Project site relief. The surface of the plain is divided by river valleys and hollows, produced by thawed glacial water flows, as well as the network of ravines and gullies. The sides of hollows are gentle, the bottom is flat and marsh-ridden. Their width is hundreds of meters, the length is 3 – 5 km. Fragments of morainal relief and flat lake-alluvial surfaces are distinguished 1 .V.Matveev. “Belarus Relief”, Minsk, 1988 Page 22 among prevailing water-glacial surface. The sections of lake-alluvial depressions and river valleys are intensively marsh-ridden. In modern relief changing, besides erosive, eolithic and marsh agents, the noticeable role is played by slope processes as well as technogenic morphogenesis, relating to peat production, drainage and hydrotechnical engineering (Osipovichi water reservoir). Section: km 106 – km 131. In terms of geomorphological conditions the Project site is located in the region of plains and depressions within the limint of Bobruysk water-glacial plain, characterized by gentle-wavy relief with little amplitutes of absolute elevation fluctuations. The surface is divided by the network of hollows produced by thawed glacial water flows. The large part of hollows is marsh-ridden. The Project site is located in the central part of Belarus, in the middle flow of the Berezina River. The ground surface of the Project site is characterized by elevation decrease from the North to the South. Gentle-wavy water-glacial plain pravails in the Project site relief. The surface of the plain is divided by river valleys and hollows, produced by thawed glacial water flows, as well as the network of ravines and gullies. The sides of hollows are gentle, the bottom is flat and marsh-ridden. Their width is hundreds of meters, the length is 3 – 5 km. Fragments of morainal relief and flat lake-alluvial surfaces are distinguished among prevailing water-glacial surface. The sections of lake-alluvial depressions and river valleys are intensively marsh-ridden. In modern relief changing, besides erosive, eolithic and marsh agents, the noticeable role is played by slope processes as well as technogenic morphogenesis. Soils. The soils are sandy and marshy with wetlands in the river valleys. The subsoil structure is mainly composed of sands. On the first road section turf-podzol sandy soils on water-glacial binded dusty-sandy sand loams based on sands, morainal sand loams, and loamy soils with humus content of 2,47 % maximum and the score of cadastre fertility evaluation ranging from 18.5 to 36.1 predominate on the site. On the second road section turf-podzol sandy soils on water-glacial binded dusty- sandy sand loams based on sands, morainal sand loams, and loamy soils. Ambient air quality The situation in terms of ambient air quality on the Project site is favorable. The major source of air pollutant emissions (such as carbon monoxide and dioxide, nitrogen oxides, formaldehyde) is road transport. Routine monitoring is carried out by the Environment Laboratory of the Belorussian Road Reserach Institute on various sections of the road network, including the M-5 Minsk-Gomel road. The obtained results show that harmful emission concentrations are generally falling and are well below the maximum permissible values adopted in Belarus which are in line with standards of the WHO (see Annex 8). Surface and ground water hydrology streams, lakes, water quality. Section km 65 – km 99.2. The main rivers of the Project site are the Svisloch River and also its tributaries: the Bolochanka and the Talka rivers. In terms of hydrogeology ground waters have been discovered along the road route in marshy arears and on the Bolochanka and the Svisloch rivers. Waterholding rocks are fine and medium size dusty sands. Accumulation of surface waters near the road embankment on boggy sections was noticed during engineering survey. These sections, in terms of surface flow and the level of humidification, are classified as type III site, while the rest part of the surveyed road section is classified as type I site. According to the results of chemical analysis the surface waters are characterized by medium level of corrosive effect on class W4 concrete and weak level of corrosive effect on class W6 concrete. The waters are hydraulically connected and form the common water bearing level fixed at 1,7–3,0 m depth which corresponds to absolute levels. Ground waters relate to peats and fluvioglacial dusty soils of fine, medium and coarse particle size, while waters of sporadic propagation relate to thin interlayers and sand lenses in the thickness of morainal deposits. Underground water feeding is provided by infiltration of precipitation and snow thawing. The design ground water level is assumed to be 1.0 m higher of the level fixed during engineering survey, but not higher than domestic levels. Section: km 106 – km 131. The hydrographic network of the Project site is well developed. It contains the Berezina and the Svisloch rivers with their right tributaries (the Siniaya, the Mlynka, the Yasenka, the Volchanka and other rivers), small lakes (the Strashnoye Lake) and a network of drainage Chanels. The breakdown density is 0.3 – 0.4 km/km 2 . During engineering surveys underground waters were discovered at the depth of 0.2 – 2.8 m. The underground waters relate to the sands of lake-alluvial, fluvioglacial and moraint deposist as well Page 23 as to thin interlayers and sand lenses in the thickness of clay deposists and also to peats and soils with high content of peat. Feeding of underground waters is provided by precipitation infiltration. The design level of underground waters is assumed to be 1.0 m higher of the level fixed during engineering survey, but not higher than domestic levels. During the time of high moisture levels surface waters are accumulated on some sections of the Project site (chainage 1188+00 – 1189+80, chainage 1226+80 – 1230+80, chainage 1252+20 – 1253+60 and chainage 1254+00 – 1258+80). In terms of surface flow character and the level of moisture these sections are classified as type II terrain, while the rest part of the road section is classified as type I terrain. According to the results of chemical analysis the surface water does not produce corrosive effect on concrete. 6.2 Biological environment In order to provide an assessment of Biodiversity of the project site as well as to identify potential environmental impacts, mitigation and monitoring measures it were hired two specialized institutions – Institute of Experimental Botanics and Scientific and Practical Center of Bioresources of the National Academy of Science. Project site ecosystems. Forests are the predominant ecosystems on the project site. The structure of the forest vegetation is divided into three groups: broad-leaved, small-leaved derivative forests and small-leaved indigenous bog forests. Bushes and shrubs are represented by hydrophitic bushes and shrubs spread on marshlands (mostly lower bogs) and swampy lowlands; and mesophytic bushes on flood lands. Meadow ecosystems are located in the river valleys floodplains and are used as hayfields and pastures. As habitats of meadow species, meadows include genuine, wet rich, wet depleted (waterlogged), boggy, and peat (open grass bogs). Wetlands occupie very limited area located on the meadow of the Svisloch River and are repsresented by eutrophic grassy vegetation. Aquatic ecosystems are represetnted mainly by artificial water pool of Svisloch River and its tributaries. These systems are characterised by profusely and moderately watered river floodplains. Flora. Most of the area is covered by forests. n sections km 65 - km 93 and km 106 – km 131 of the M-5 Minsk-Gomel road within 200 meter roadside zone, including areas subject to deforestation in the vicinity of Sosnovy and Boyary villages, there are 595 forest plots covering the total area of 794.3 ha. The structure of the forest vegetation is divided into three groups: broad-leaved, small-leaved derivative forests and small-leaved indigenous bog forests. Among these aboriginal communities of pine ( Pinus) – 59,8% and derivative communities of common birch ( Betula verrucosa ) – 25.2% prevail. The share of other forest formations is insignificant: spruce-groves – 1.7%; oak-groves – 1.2%; black alder thickets – 5.7%; aspen groves – 1.5%. The average age of trees is 48 years. Only about 5.0% of the forests have very high and 1.3% exclusively high importance in maintaining biodiversity. In general the forested lands within the right-of-way are characterized by moderate value in terms of biodiversity preservation. Thus cutting of part of trees during the road reconstruction will not procude significant negative impact. On its main direction the route of the road under reconstruction will follow the existing road within the permanent right-of-way with partial land transfer. Forest lands covering 154.4 ha shall be transfered for permanent use, which is almost 20.1% of the forest resources within 200 meter roadside zone along the sections subject to reconstruction. Forests located in the permanent right-of-way are representative to forests located in the above 200 meter zone along the M-5 road. On sections km 65 – km 93 and km 106 – km 131 protective roadside tree plantings are observed. The majority of these are concentrated between chainages 1205+00 and 1290+00. Such plantings are mainly of laced structure composed of birch trees (including Karelian birch (Betula pendula var. Karelica) mixed with aspen, poplar, pine tree, and occasionaly with oak and lime tree) . In lowland areas protective plantings are represented by black alder and white birch. The vast majority of trees in protective plantations are of average age of about 30 years, being in relatively good condition and well performing their functions. Page 24 Except forest areas, open bogs performing essential ecological functions and concentrating populations of particular species of flora and fauna are located on the Project site. There are fragments of wetland vegetation along the road. Lowland bogs are predominant. The largest open lowland bog covered with reed is located in the vicinity of Osipovichi artificial water reservoir. However the bog is not of particular value in terms of biodiversity as during summer period it gets dry. A section of transitory cotton grass and sphagnous bog, which was formed in location of former burnt-out forest and pinery glade is of particular interest for this territory. Frequency of occurrence of natural wetland vegetation is low, no rare or indangered species were detected there. Natural meadow vegetation on the Project site is not present as fields adjoining the road are mostly ploughed up. Noxious vegetation on agricultural lands of the Project site (arable lands, pastures, hayfields, etc.) is widely spread. Only 26.5 ha of such lands shall be transfered for permanent use. Noxious vegetation is also present in residential areas. However it is not of particular value for biodiversity preservation. Only one large water reservoir shall be crossed by the road sections, i.e. Osipovichi artificial water reservoir, and also a number of small rivers (Svisloch, Bolochanka, Yasenka, Volchanka), 2 streams and 4 ditches. No rare or endangered species included into the National Red Data Book were detected in the area of these water streams and water reservoir. According to the statements obtained from the MoNREP (Annex 6) and MoF (Annex 7) there are no specially protected territories on the Project site. Fauna. Migration corridors. The terrestrial fauna is represented by forest species and species inhabiting humid areas. Species of animals and birds on the Project site are determined by prevailing vegetation and in general are similar to other regions of the country. Elk (Alces alces) , roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) , wild boar (Sus scrofa) , mountain hare (Lepus timidus) , European hare (Lepus europaeus) are wide spread. Commercial species include marten (Martes) , polecat, squirrel (Sciurus) , fox (Vulpes) , wolf (Canis lupus) , otter (Lutra) , American burrow (Mustela) . A vifauna of the 100m-wide strip in the area of reconstruction of the M-5 Minsk-Gomel road is represented by 67 bird species that belong to 9 orders. Out of them, 41 species nest within the roadside strip, and the rest are registered there due to the proximity of their nesting habitats or observed within the roadside strip during seasonal or nomadic migrations. The typical out of these are wood grouse (Tetrao urogallus) , heath cock (Lyrurus tetrix) , hazelhen (Tetrastes bonasia) and mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos). The full list of bird species observes is given in the Biodiversity Report (see Annex 5). Results of recently performed inventory of amphibia breeding places adjoining the road at 100 m from both sides of the right-of-way show the low use of potential water pools for reproduction. Out of 155 inspected water pools located along the existing road traces of amphibia life activity were detected only in 15 pools (9,6%). Five amphibia species typical for this region of Belarus are present: newts ( Lissotriton vulgaris and Triturus cristatus ), toad ( Bufo bufo ), toadfrog ( Pelobates fuscus ), frog ( Rana arvalis ). Appropriate studies dealing with wildlife migration corridors were performed, inter alia, on the stage of the existing road planning. Current updating of the originally obtained results based on review of the Minsk and Mogilev Oblast Environment Network Formation Plans and other available sources of information combined with field investigations shows that on the project site there are no crossing of seasonal wildlife migration corridors. During the last four years 10 fatalities of five bird species resulting out of traffic accidents were registered on the existing road with the maximum number (6 fatalities on 76 km road section) in 2008. According to the data of the local hunting services the average annual number of hoofed mammals’ fatalities resulting out of traffic accidents on the M-5 road is about 3 to 6. The percentage of irrational wildlife losses is insignificant. However there may be high risk for safety of road users and property due to unexpected coming out of animals on the road. To avoid this a Page 25 set of specific avoidance measures is recommended, for example, application of repellents, upon completion of civil works, at the edge of the forest adjoining the road on segments from chainage 790+00 to 800+00 and 1170+00 to 1180+00. This will drive animals away from the road and prevent traffic accidents. Rare or endangered species . Five flora populations of three species included into the National Red Data Book and subject to strict protection were detected within the boundaries of forests located on the Project site. These are : two populations of coralwort (Dentaria bulbifera) ; one population of fir club-moss (Huperzia selago) ; two populations of bear’s onion (Allium ursinum) . There are also populations of seven species, which need preventive conservation: liverleaf (Hepatica nobilis); pasqueflower (Pulsatilla patens); hollow-root (Corydalis cava); peach-leaved bellflower (Campanula persicifolia); butterfly orchid (Platanthera bifolia); orchis (Dactylorhiza fuchsii) ; holly grass (Hierochloe australis). In the course of field environmental studies recently performed on the Project site four sections including aquipratas of high biologocal value were detected: i) sprice and broad-leaved plantations of various age including English oaks (Quercus robur) of 100-110 years old; ii) tract of high age non-moral forests representing the entire well-established in time biotop with sustainable biota and wide range of ecological niches and natural habitats for various groups of life forms; iii) tract represented by high age birch woods, aspen groves and black alder thickets of non-moral type with complex of protected plant species; iv) transitory cotton grass and sphagnous bog being significant in terms of landscape and biotopical diversity of this territory as natural habitat for flora and fauna whose vital functions are in connection with swamp ecosystems. However the above mentioned sections are not environmentally sensitive. Results of field studies show that there are no rare or endangered species of animals and birds on the Project site. However 15 bird species registered during field study are of the European endangered status. These are jackstripe (Gallinago gallinago) , woodcock (Scolopax rusticola) , hoopoe (Upupa epops) , wryneck (Jynx torquilla) , wood lark (Lullula arborea) , field lark (Alauda arvensis) , martin (Hirundo rustica) , house martin (Delichon urbica) , wood warbler (Phylloscopus sibilatrix) , grey cobwed bird (Muscicapa striata) , chickadee (Parus cristatus) , starling (Sturnus vulgaris) , field sparrow (Passer montanus) and linnet (Carduelis cannabina) . Sensitive and significant natural habitats. Based on the statements of the MoNREP and MoF, as well Scheme of Rational Layout of Natual Areas of Preferential Protection of Belarus and field studies recently perfomed by biodiversity team from the Academy of Sciences it is concluded that in the vicinity of the road there are no any sensitive natural habitats and protected areas. This was also officially confirmed by the MoNREP and MoF (see Annex 5 and 6). Svisloch water reservoiar wetland area. A small area of wetlands on the project site is located in the Svisloch river meadow. It is covered by grassy vegetation. The river ecosystem is a place for the following fish species: ( Exos lucius ), Pice Perch ( Lucioperca lucioperca ), Common Bream ( Abramis brama ), Roach ( Rutilus rutilus ), Perch ( Perca ), Silver Bream ( Blicca bjoerkna ). According to the MoNREP (see Annex 5) as well as from MOCoNREP (see Annex 7) this area is not considered as an important nature habitat and is not included in the list of protected areas. 6.3 Socio-economic conditions Present and projected population. According to the official statistic data Belarus has the population of 9.8 million people which is highly concentrated in urban areas (about 70 % of people live in towns). The urbanization has also led to the ageing of the rural population as the younger people have moved to the urban centres. This general trend is observed in the Project area. The road, goes near Podberezhye, Sosnovy, Yasen and Boyary villages, with the number of population ranging from 90 people in Podberezhye (lowest number) to 350 people in Boyary (highest number). According to the data provided by local administrations (village councils) the the tendency for substantial increase of population is unlikely. Present land use/ownership . The lands crossed by the road are fully in state ownership and used by local forestry and agricultural enterprises. Page 26 Planned development activities. Project implementation will lead to an increase of international transportation services resulted from increase of traffic flows between Belarus, Ukraine, Baltic States and the Black Sea basin countries. New jobs will be provided due to development of motorist services along the road, expansion of the road operational services, promotion of small and medium-size business in neighbouring areas. Community structure, present and projected employment . Local population is mainly engaged in agriculture, cattle-breeding, gardening with a small percentage of people involved in small private business. The level of unemployment is insignificant. Yet employment opportunities for people who live along the road due to the Project implementation will improve. Thus the Project will generate temporary employment during performance of civil works and permanent employment during the road maintenance phase. Road upgrading will lead to substantial increase of traffic and development of motorist services. This, in turn, will also result in gereration of new jobs. Eco-tourism, which is becoming more and more popular in Belarus, may also give rise to local business opportunities and increase of both the incomes of population and revenues for local budgets. Significant natural, cultural or historic sites . The territory of the Project site was subjected to considerable ravages during the Second World War, as well as the entire territory of Belarus. The existed cultural and historic monuments were completely ruined and have not been restored. There are remnants of wooden castle, erected probably in XII-XVII century, in the vicinity of Svisloch village. Significant natural, cultural or historic sites, as per the results of review and study of appropriate documents issued by the National Academy of Sciences and available with local ethnographic museums, are not present along the route. However, if any cultural or historic resourse is encounted during civil works all operations will be temporary halted in the area of the feature and appropriate authorities will be immediately notified. The works will be recommenced only upon due resolution of the problem according to provisions of the Contract Conditions. 7. Analysis of project alternatives As this project is for the upgrading of an existing road there was no need to analyze a generally different location or alignment of the road. The analysis of alternatives was limited to the two bypasses described earlier, at the villages of Sosnovy and Boyary. Three different alternatives for the bypasses were evaluated: a) Alternative 1: No bypasses - road upgrading along the existing alignment, going through villages. b) Alternative 2: Bypasses on southern side of the villages. c) Alternative 3: Bypasses on northern side of the villages. These alternatives were compared taking into account potential environmental and social impacts. It was decided that Alternative 1 is not acceptable since it would have too many negative impacts on the populations of the villages, in terms of road and pedestrian safety and potential health impacts (noise and pollution), especially when traffic volumes increase in the future. Alternative 3 would respond well to the needs to avoid negative impacts on the local population, but the bypasses would be much longer and more expensive than under Alternative 3. As a result, Alternative 2 was selected. It will avoid several social and health impacts. Besides those already described, the main impacts avoided through Alternative 2 are: (i) acquisition of private land is totally unnecessary; (ii) due to the increased distance between the road and the village, negative health impacts due to increased noise and air pollution are reduced significantly; (iii) traffic safety issues, as the upgraded road will not cross the two villages and there is thus no need for additional construction of pedestrian overpasses and/or underpasses, construction of multi-level interchanges and the installation of metal guardrails along the road which would cut the villages in two; (iv) there will be no need to provide road lighting, since the road is outside the villages. Page 27 As mentioned earlier, the bypasses themselves will cause some significant environmental impacts, in particular tree cutting and the potential deterioration of Svisloch River floodplain. These will be mitigated by applying a series of measures, described in the section 10.1. 8. Assessement of potential project environmental impacts The project implementation may cause a series of both adverse and positive environmental and social impacts for the construction and operational phases. Overview of potential adverse environmental impacts during the construction phase. Using as a reference the guidelines provided in World Bank’s Handbook on the Roads and Environment, the exisiting practice of road construction in Belarus as well as the results of the previously implemented projects in the country, a list of potential impacts during construction and operational phases has been prepared (see Annex 8). Major environment impacts during construction phase include: (a) pollution due to exhaust gases of engines of road vehicles and construction machinery used during construction works; (b) noise, vibration, electromagnetic, radiation and and technologic pollution during construction works; (c) pollution due to dust and products of road pavement, as well s produced during transportation of construction materials; (d) environment contamination due to production activities (borrow pits and sites for temporary storage of construction materials); (e) contamination due to parking and maintenance of construction plant and machinery; (f) contamination due to surface water run-off from carriageway of roads and bridges, as well as on sites for storage of construction materials; (g) contamination of soils, surface and ground waters, roadside vegetation and territories adjacent to storage sites due to application of de-dusting and de-icing materials; (h) contamination due to water and air erosion; and (j) contamination of road way with domestic and production waste; (i) use of hazardous materials, such as combustive-lubricating ones, bitumen, etc; and, (k) traffic of construction vehicles/hauling of road-building materials, building materials stockpiling and use of waste disposals. As mentioned above, the project will require cutting of an area of about 120 ha of afforested lands as well as will affect to some extent the Svisloch water reservoir ecosystem during the bridge construction. Significant disturbances to land, interference to soil stability and hydrology in the area will not take place. Most environmental impacts will be temporary and local, mainly during the construction phase and will cause only minor, localized and short-term negative effects. These impacts are common in road construction works and can be managed through supervision of environmental aspects and use of adequate technical construction standards. Of-site adverse impacts. A series of negative environmental impacts triggered under this project will be seen off-site where road-building material would be sourced. If not managed properly, borrow sites can have substantial impacts on the surrounding environment as well as intrusion on the aesthetic quality of the sites. Considering this it was decided that the project will specify contract provisions governing the sources of constructional materials (e.g. asphalt, stone, sand, etc.) would be supplied only from sources with approved licenses, permits, and/or approvals for environment and labour safety. Contractors will be required to obtain relevant licenses for borrow sites where constructional material will be excavated. Impacts originated from use of asphalt-concrete mixtures, bitumen and other hazardous materials, and their hauling from sites where they are produced to the sites where they are applied had been considered, as well. All these impacts are also common for such kind of works and can be easily mitigated through application of existing techniques and measures. Stationary asphalt plants located in Minsk, Osipovichi and Bobruysk are supposed to be used for the purposes of road construction. All of them currently have relevant environmental permits for their operation. Potentail impacts on air quality . Ingredient transport pollution is of key importance in terms of environmental safety at the stage of road design and maintenance. Emissions of pollutants contained in discharge gases has been calculated taking into account the growth of Page 28 traffic in the reviewed period in accordance with TCP 17.08.-03-2006 (02120), endorsed by Resolution of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Belarus 3 - dated 28 June 2006. The calculation has covered four groups of pollutants: (a) Group 1: pollutant emissions which depend on different movement of mechanical transport vehicles; (b) Group 2: pollutant emissions which depend on fuel consumption by mechanical transport vehicles and are estimated as a share of fuel consumption; (d) Group 3: pollutant emissions which are estimated based on kilometrage of a mechanical transport vehicle; and, (e) Group 4: detailed non-methane volatile organic compounds estimated as a share in the aggregate emission of non-methane volatile organic compounds. Under Alternative 1 (“Not having a project”) pollutant emissions in the reviewed period will total 16890.1 thousand tons or 675.6 thousand tons per annum on average. Under Alternative 2 (“With reconstruction”) pollutant emissions in the reviewed period will total 232.7 thousand tons or 9.3 thousand tons per annum on average. Thus, as a result of the project, pollutant emissions are expected to decrease by 16657.4 thousand tons or by 666,3 thousand tons per annum on average. Site measurements of major air pollutants at 5 m distance from the planned road and 100 m distance from the existing road were carried out by the Belorussian Road Research Institute. The results (see Annex 9) showed that the actual content of major pollutants is 1.8 times less of their maximum permissible concentrations. Upgrading of the road will allow obtaining additional reduction of emissions due to improvement of road operational parameters and traffic conditions. Potential noise impacts. In addition to air pollution, noise resulting from transport development becomes a negative factor affecting the environment and livelihoods. The present study includes a calculation of noise level in residential settlements adjacent to the reviewed road section. In accordance with the current norms, the maximum allowable noise level associated with road traffic is set at 55 dB.Noise level has been calculated for the villages of Podberezhye, Sosnovy, Yasen and Boyary. The findings showthat in the Yasen and Podberezhye villages the expected noise level will rise by 69.7 – 68.1 = 1.6 dB and 68.3 – 67.6 = 0.7 dB respectively due to higher traffic speed. At the designed bypasses of the Sosnovy and Boyary villages the maximum allowable noise level would be exceeded by 5.2 dB and 11.1 dB respectively. Thus, as the result of the project the noise level in these villages would exceed the maximum allowable level by 5.2-14.7 dB. Noise barriers would decrease noise level by 15 dB and it is therefore intended to install sound-absorbing noise barriers to protect residential areas. Noise measurements at various distances were also made by the Belorussian Road Research Institute in locations of residential areas adjacent to the road (see Annex 10). The measurements showed 8- 12 dBA excess of the equivalent noise level of 55 dBA. In order to select appropriate mitigation measures noise forecasts based on application of “SHUM” software were made on the stage of the Project assessment and feasibility study with regard to traffic volumes and speed. On road sections going through the outskirts of Podberezhye, Yasen and Boyary villages the estimated noise level constitutes 77.5 –79.4 dBA, which is 22.5 – 24.4 dBA above the permissible noise level of 55 dBA. To exclude negative noise effect anti-noise screens of 2-4 m height are proposed by design options, while decrease of noise level in Sosnovy also will be achieved due to by-pass construction. Estimated figures of noise level reduction are given in Annex 11. Potential social impacts. The project will bring a series of positive social impacts, including increases in traffic, economic activities, better connectivity and further development along the road corridor. After completion, the project will also have positive indirect impacts on human health and safety through decreased number of accidents and reduced air pollution from more constant travel speeds on constructed road. Potential project impacts during operation phase. Annex 12 outlines potential environment and socio-economic impacts during the road operation phase which are mostly linked with combustion gases emissions, contaminated surface run-off and at the same time, Page 29 reduced vehicles operating costs and reduced emissions into air as compared to previous road conditions. 9. Potential resettlement issues and land acquisition Resettlement issues. Based on the EIA study there are no resettlement issues as the road alignment was optimized at the design stage. The land officially transferred for road construction on mentioned Sosnovy and Boyary bypasses belongs to the state and there are no private land plots in the Project area. Land acquisition. On the major distance widening of the road to four traffic lanes is planned within the existing right-of-way with maximum use of the existing sub-grade. The ROW will be extended only on the location for construction of bypasses at Sosnovy and Boyary villages. Temporary land transfer is mainly required for stockpiling of the removed fertile soil layer (vegetation residue) and for construction machinery travel. Upon completion of the construction works the temporary right-of-way areas will be recultivated. For the purposes of road upgrading appropriate lands will be be transferred for permanent alloting. The names of land users and area of lands taken out in proportion of total area of available lands are given below with reference to the road sections (Table 2). Table 2. Land acquisition for road construction Land user Area and types of lands taken out [ha] Total area of lands [ha] % of lands taken out Road sections from km 65 to km 99.2 “Pukhovichi PVS” State Unitary Enterprise 1.81 (arable land, pasture) 5,000 0.036 Pukhovichi Forestry 9.26 (forest) 91.10 1.005 Pukhovichi village council 1.16 (arable land, pasture) 18,650 0.006 Osipovichi Experimental Forestry 111.99 (forest) 71,098 0.16 Road sections from km 106.1 to km 131 Osipovichi Experimental Forestry 18.79 (forest) 20,986 0.08 “Avangard” Collective Farm 0.44 (arable land) 220.00 0.2 State Agricultural Farm named after Lenin 0.18 (arable land) 138.50 0.13 “Yasen” Collective Farm 1.26 (arable land, pasture) 210.00 0.6 Bobruysk Forestry 14.36 (forest) 28,720 0.05 Yasen village council 0.93 (arable land, pasture) 12,000 0.008 “LeninoAgro” Joint-Stock Company 20.7 (arable land, pasture) 4,600 0.45 Page 30 Compared to the total area of lands available with the above mentioned land users the transfered plots are very small and such land transfer operation is not going to cause any negative economic effect to the individuals employeed, such as loss of incomes. For the purposes of road reconstruction land transfer for constant use is made with compensation of the lost benefit to the appropriate land owner (user). All lands temporarily occupied for construction period after the completion of the works will be recultivated with carrying out of all the required agricultural measures (fertilization, rehabilitation of land fertility, etc.) and transfered to original owners (users). Borrow pits. For road construction will be used 4 borrow pits: “Smyk”, “Rovchak”, “Yasen 4” and “Lenino”. According to satinary classification “Smyk”, “Rovchak” and “Lenino” borrow pits belong to IV category object with 100 m distance of standard sanitary protection zone (SanPiN No 10.5 RB 2002). Soil for construction is planned to be transported from temporarily arranged reserves (borrow pits). Upon completion of the construction works the required land recultivation measures will be carried out and temporarily alloted lands will be returned to the owner (user). During exploitation of deposits the following measures should be carried out according to the requirements of “Uniform regulations of the earth protection during exploitation of deposits of solid mineral resources”: (a) constant monitoring of mineral resourse excavation depth; (b) avoidance of superloss of mineral resources during excavation; (c) provision of full removal of fertile soil lift and its proper stockpiling for future use for the purposes of borrow pit recultivation; (d) measurement of the excavated mineral resources according to mine-surveying results and account data. Trucks with covered bodies should be used for transportation of raw materials to the user so that to provide maximum reduction of transportation losses. To avoid negative environment impact: (a) mining works should be carried out within the limits of the alloted sites; (b) damage of green plantations outside the exploitation site should be avoided; (c) fueling and lubricating of bulldozers should be made on specialized sites in order to reduce ground water pollution. Temporary storage and mixing of constructuion materials for the preparatory works. Provision of temporary storage sites for construction materials for road section km 65 – km 99.2 is planned at the right side from chainage 651 (0.15 hectares area), at the left side from chainage 751 (0.15 hectares area), at the left side from chainage 835 (0.15 hectares area), at the left side from chainage 940 (0.15 hectares area). Provision of site for temporary contractor’s offices is planned at the right side from chainage 651 (0.2 hectares area) and at the left side from chainage 835 (0.58 hectares area). Safe width of passages and operational ways is envisaged in planning of temporary construction site dimension, as well as rational arrangement of transportation ways, power supply network for storage sites and auxiliary premises. Arrangement of temporary storage sites for road section 106.1 – km 131 is planned at the right side from km 108 (0.15 hectares area), at the right side from km 120 (0.15 hectares area), at the right side from km 129 (0.15 hectares area). Location of temporary contractor’s offices is planned at the right side from km 120 (0.58 hectares area). Configuration and dimensions of temporary site for temporary buildings and premises are planned depending on the selected site. The slope of this temporary site should allow surface water discharge to depressed arears. 10. Environmental Management Plan The EMP contains: (a) necessary mitigation measures; (b) a monitoring plan; (c) implementing arrangements. Proposed mitigation measures include actions to be undertaken for all project stages, - design, construction and operation. 10.1 Mitigation of environmental impacts Page 31 Mitigation during designing/ planning phase. The adequate planning and design of environmental protection activities and mitigation measures will be required to minimize potential environmental impacts. Contract documents for design will incorporate all requirements to minimize effects on environment that may result from planned activities, as well as to avoid social and health impacts. Furthermore, the design contractor will be required to use environmentally acceptable technical standards for design and comply with environmental, health and safety regulations stipulated by national legislation and World Bank requirements. Overview of mitigation measures during construction phase: To minimize potential construction-related negative impacts during the construction phase a combination of preventive and mitigation actions will be implemented. The summary of the proposed measures to be applied during the road construction is presented in Annex 9. The following most important mitigation measures are planned: (a) composition and properties of road construction materials used during the Project implementation should meet the requirements of national technical standard norms and specifications; (b) construction of anti-noise screens on road sections going through Podberezh’e, Yasen and Boyary residential areas; (c) implementation of measures allowing traffic travel design speed without limitations on separate sections, especially those going through residential areas; (d) minimum land alloting for sub-grade and other road structures; (e) to avoid bogging in all depressed locations drainage of surface waters will be provided by culverts; (f) to avoid soil erosion ravine consolidation near culverts will be performed; (g) consolidation of slopes and shoulders will be performed for the purposes to avoid sub-grade washing out; (g) maximum use of the existing stationary asphalt plants and bitumen storages is planned by the Project allowing to maintain permissible concentrations of emissions and to provide purification of run-off waters and waste; (j) location of temporary premises, structures and storage sites for construction materials shall be within the limits of the alloted areas; (i) sites for temporary parking of road construction machinery shall be located outside protection zones of water basins and shall be contoured along the perimeter by soil; the implemented measures will provide for collection of oil containing products accidentally spilled on the ground with their subsequent burial after liquidation of the sites; and (k) construction equipment and machinery equiped with internal combustion engines should be adjusted and checked for toxicity of exhust gases. These mitigating measures would constitute integral part of the project implementation and will be included in the contracts binding the contractors to carry out the environmental obligations during road construction works. To ensure compliance with the contract, implementation of mitigation measures will be monitored by the supervision engineer, jointly with BELDORNII environmental specialist. Waste management. Management of the construction wastes will be done in the following way: (a) milled asphalt will be stockpiled on the construction site and then used on the road, asphalt after removal of the existing pavement will be transported to the asphalt plant for recycling; (b) concrete and reinforced concrete waste arising out of removal of road facilities will be transported for temporary stockpiling on the site of Road Maintenance Init No.73 with subsequent reclaiming. Before transportation of construction waste permission of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Protection will be obtained by the Contractor for stockpiling of construction waste on the field (from 1 st January 2005 this amount should be 10% maximum of the total amount of construction waste). Construction waste should be accounted by the Contractor in the register accompanied with passports for waste transportation for reclamation or purification. With regard to communal waste, there will be installed waste containers for collecting domestic garbage on the construction site and transportation to dumping ground for solid waste will be organized. There will be no construction camps on the road but only several locations for temporary location of construction equipment (see Annex 13). Also special contract agreements will be concluded with specialized transport depot for transportation of waste from the toilet cesspool on the construction site to purification works. Industrial waste disposal and utilization measures include: (a) granulated asphalt resulting from milling of the existing Page 32 pavement will be stockpiled at the construction site with subsequent use at the site, asphalt concrete resulting from removal of the existing pavement will be transported to the asphalt plant for recycling; (b) concrete and reinforced concrete waste resulting from dismantling of pavilions and culverts will be transported to an interim storage sites for subsequent utilization or transported to crushing plant for recycling; (c) root and wood cutting residues after removal of trees will be transported to a designated site for landfill disposal or recycling into wood chips for subsequent use as local fuel. Air pollution prevention measures. The most unfavourable parameters for road transport are specific emissions of air pollutants (CO, CO 2 , NO x , hydrocarbons, sulphide gas). The level of pollution depends both on technical condition of vehicles and road conditions, i.e. technical parameters and operational condition of roads. In order to reduce traffic emissions the following measures will be implemented: (a) provision of proper condition of ignition and combustion systems of vehicles and road machinery during operation; (b) quality control of fuel used for vehicles and road machinery; (d) maintaining of proper quality of road pavement; (e) road traffic control allowing to reduce frequent braking and speed acceleration of traffic flow, which will favour the reduction of air pollution; (g) systematic technical control of diesel engine fuel systems in order to reduce CO 2 emission; (j) provision of continuous operation cycles of paving and compaction machinery as well as other road plant and machinery used for hot asphalt placement, which will allow to avoid inadmissible concentration of toxic hydrocarbons on the construction site and adjacent areas. Also to avoid and minimize concentrations of emissions road construction equipment and machinery operating on the site should be electrically driven. Internal combustion engines of vehicles should be adjusted and checked for toxicity of exhaust gases. Water pollution prevention. To prevent water pollution measures aimed at run-off water removal from the road carriageway outside water courses are included in the Project design. Drainage of road carriageway and bridges will be provided by grade and slope. Water from carriageway is removed to lateral gutter located along the edge of carriageway, and then to transverse gutter located on the slopes of e mbankment having the height of above 4 m and 30‰ minimum grade, as well as on concave curves. Construction sites should be located outside the river protection zone and contoured by water collecting ditches with concreted setting basins. Construction site toilets should be provided with concreted cesspools. Noise prevention. Road traffic and operating road machinery produce high level of noise. Especially high noise is produced by bulldozers, excavators, pneumatic hammers, vibrators, milling machines. Reduction of traffic noise levels will be achieved due to the following measures: (a) application of fine graded asphalts and fine aggregate for wearing courses; (b) 60 km/h speed limit of traffic flow during construction, which will allow 7 dBA noise level reduction; (d) carrying out of construction works during day time; (e) construction of anti-noise screens with application of effective sound reflecting and absorbing materials: concrete, reinforced concrete, glass, aluminium, wood, plastic; (f) planting of specific plants in the roadside which will allow to reduce noise levels by 10–12 dBA; (g) sound protection of road machinery engines using protecting coverings made of rubber and other effective sound protecting materials as well as using multilayer cowlings; (h) location of compessors on sound absorbing sites or under sound absorbing covers allowing to reduce noise levels by 70%. By implementing these measures the noise level will be lower than permissible norm of 55 dBa. Site sections with noise level above 80 dBA should be marked with safety signs and personnel working on such sections should be provided with personal protection facilities. Vibration reduction. Civil works associated with excessive vibration levels, such as demolition, earth-moving, compaction etc, will be phased so that to avoid occurance in the same time period. The total vibration level produced could be significantly less when each vibration source operates separately. As pile driving is one of the greatest sources of vibration associated with equipment during bridge construction the Contractor will be recommended to use such types of pile drivers which may provide substantial reduction of vibration levels, for example, Page 33 sonic pile drivers. Appropriate demolition methods, in case of rehabilitation of the existing bridges, should be selected by the Contractor in such a way so that to avoid impact involvement. For example, sawing bridge deck into sections that can be loaded onto trucks results in lower vibration levels than excavation using clam shell or chisel drops. Besides all vibration producing plant, equipment and machinery operating on the construction site should be continuously checked and adjusted. To reduce negative vibration effect produced by such machinery and equipment on personnel two breaks per shift during carrying out of civil works should be made as prescribed by the national norms of occupational safety. To increase protective properties of human beings, their working ability and labour activity special gymnastic exercises and vitamin prophylaxis will be recommended. Avoiding fuel spilling. During construction fueling of construction equipment and machinery will be made from mobile fuel tanks. Fuel and lubricant residues will be collected to special containers with subsequent reclaiming. Spillage of fuel will be avoided. For that purpose refueling of machinery will be allowed only at a properly located and designated fuel truck equipped with a proper spill containment kit. All vehicles will have drip pans during storage to contain minor spills and drips. The refueling will be done on specially designated locations with buffers around to reduce the risk of direct spills into the water courses and on the soil. These locations will have special decks to ensure fuel spill from overfilling can be properly collected and taken care of. Fuel deck plates and tank breather vents must be arranged to avoid spill when refueling. Before starting any fueling, defueling, or internal transfer operation, all machinery and piping systems will be checked for tightness and for signs of leaking glands, seals, and gaskets. Before preparatory works and mobilization for construction approvals of local sanitation services should be obtained for sites of construction waste collection and methods for further processing, as well for reclamation of sediments in accumulating tanks. Soil protection measures. Soils and vegetation protection and efficient management measures include: (a) separation of topsoil at all land plots to be used for roadbed with stockpiling and subsequent use for reinforcing slopes, ditches, roadsides and dividing strip; (b) at plots covered by dumped roadbed it is expected to remove peat from boggy areas with subsequent use of peat for reinforcing slopes and improving fertility of adjacent lands; (c) restoration of waysides, exits, , construction yards and waste soil sites. (d) protective forests belts (e) installation of dustbins and plantation of decorative vegetation at lay-bys and bus stops. In particular the following measures for using of fertile soil (peat) are planned by the Project: Section km 65 – km 99.3: removal of fertile soil lift in the amount of 70,141 m 3 and also removal of peat in the amount of 114,845 m 3 . Fertile soil will be used when carrying out consolidation works (in the amount of 60,326 m 3 ), improvement and recultivation of the infringed lands (in the amount of 9,815 m 3 ), while peat will be used for recultivation of the infringed lands (in the amount of 77,972 m 3 ). 15,710 m 3 of surplus peat shall be transported for improvement of land fertility, 5,035 m 3 of surplus peat shall be transported to the depot of Road Maintenance Section No. 602 in Dukora village, 7,850 m 3 of this shall be used for recultivation of “Smyk” borrow pit and 8,278 m 3 for preparation of peat and sand mixture. Section km 106.1 – km 131: removal of fertile soil, in the amount of 135,363 m 3 , and peat, in the amount of 45,690 m 3 . Fertile soil will be used when carrying out of consolidation works (in the amount of 66,709 m 3 ), for recultivation and improvement of infringed lands (in the amount of 49,453 m 3 ) and for improvement of land fertility (in the amount of 19,201 m 3 ). 2,808 m 3 of peat will be used for preparation of peat and sand mixture, 42,882 m 3 of peat will be used for recultivation and land recultivation. Necessity of fertile soil lift removal is specified by GOST 17.5.3.06-85 and “Statements on fertile soil lift removal during the works connected with lands infringement” approved by the State Committee for Land Resources and Cartography of the Republic of Belarus No.01-4/78 dd. 24 May 1999. Earthworks were carried out according to specifications for fertile soil lift protection as per GOST 17.4.3.02-85. The Project includes measures for preservation of fertile Page 34 soil during earthworks and its future usage for rehabilitation of land fertility in the process of recultivation. Locations for stockpiling of fertile soil are specified and procedure for fertile land spreading on the land section under recultivation. Mearures excluding fertile soil damage (i.e. mixing with lower soil lifts, fuel, lubricants, etc.) should be undertaken. Fertile soil, which is not used immediately during construction, will be stockpiled in pills and handed-over to the responsible administrative officer under the appropriate certificate. To avoid washing out and blowing-off of the stockpiled soil the surface of a pill and its slopes should be stabilized by grass sowing, in case the storage period exceeds two years. Fertile soil from infringed lands is removed and preserved according with recommendations of the mentioned above document approved by the State Committee for Land Resources and. The site for fertile soil stockpiling normally is located on lands unsuitable for agriculture; measures to exclude underflooding, salinization and contamination with production and domestic waste should be provided. Lands alloted for temporary use for construction of water pipings, communication lines, gas pipings and other linear facilities will be rehabilitated upon completion of the construction works and returned to original land users. Lands temporarily withdrawn from agricultural turnover will be rehabilitated for arable lands, while lands withdrawn from the state forest fund - recultivated for planting of forest cultures. Technical recultivation for land sections is carried out during earthworks, excluding the period of soil freezing. Fertility rehabilitation of recultivated lands is performed by land users, to whom these lands are handed-over upon technical recultivation, at the expense of contractors carrying out the works connected with soil cover infringement during the time period set by the Project. Borrow pits recultivation. Borrow pits, upon completion of the construction works, are planned to be used for stockpiling of solid domestic waste. Bottoms of borrow pits earmarked for stockpiing of solid domestic waste should have the ground water level of at the depth of 2 m minimum and should be formed by soils with low filtering capacity to exclude high water flooding. The area of solid domestic waste stockpiling should be fenced along the perimeter either by an earth bank of 3 m height or a trench of 2 m minimum depth. Methods of stockpiling and other measures for arrangement of dumps for solid domestic waste and vegetation residues in the borrow pit should be in accord with the “Standard specifications for selection and location of sites for temporary stockpiling and mini-fields for solid domestic waste” approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Protection and the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the Republic of Belarus on 19 th January 2001. Recultivation of lands infringed during exploitation of soil deposits “Smyk”, “Rovchak”, “Yasen 4” and “Tokari”should be carried out in two stages: mine technical and biological. The first stage of recultivation includes measures for preparation of infringed lands for their future use for a pond (“Smyk” borrow pit), forest (“Rovchak” borrow pit), arable land (“Tokar” borrow pit). The second stage of recultivation includes measures for land fertility rehabilitation and improvement of the pond (“Smyk” borrow pit) and the adjacent infringed areas. The Project also includes stabilization of fertile soil pills by grass sowing. Recultivation plan will be prepared taking into account the requirements of RD 0219.1.26-2002 “Manual for recultivation of lands infringed during road construction” approved by the order of Department “Belavtodor” of the Ministry of Transport and Communications” (No 59 dd. 30 th April 2002). The Project takes also into account “Statements on recultivation of lands infringed during exploitation of deposits of mineral resources and peat, carrying out of geologic investigations, construction and other works” approved by the State Committee for Land Resources and Cartography of the Republic of Belarus No 22 dd. 25 th April 1997. Handing-over of lands upon competion of the first stage of recultivation is made according to the “Statements on procedure of handing-over of recultiveted lands to land owners and land users carrying out of exploitation of deposits of mineral resources and peat as well as geologic investigations, engineering survey, construction and other works connected with soil Page 35 cover infringement” approved by the State Committee for Land Resources and Cartography of the Republic of Belarus order No 22 dd. 25 th April 1997. Proposals for minimization of impact on biodiversity elements . The status and level of the Project site biodivertity components shall require implementation of measures allowing maintaining their sustainability and functional effectiveness. Increase of the Project site ecosystem sustainability can be achieved provided only that a set of administrative and engineering measures is applied with regard both to the existing condition of ecosystems and the most probable scenario of their development on each specific section. The following traffic safety measures are recommended for implementation: - Provision of special road signs: “1.25 Wildlife” for gradual speed reduction and prohibiting signs “3.24.1. Maximum speed limit” during dusk, night and morning time on the following road sections: ch 670+00 to ch 840+00 (from the turn to the rest home to Sosnovy village); ch 925+00 to ch 950+00 (from the turn to Vereytsy village to the turm to Smyk village); ch 1075+00 to ch 1190+00 (from the turn to Bolshaya Gorozha village to Yasen village). - application of repellents at the edge of forest adjoining the road at chainages from 790+00 to 800+00 and from 1170+00 to 1180+00 for the purposes to scare away hoofed animals and prevent their coming out to the road and thus to reduce risk of traffic accidents. In case insufficient effect is produced by such measures during the first two years of the road operation (as per the results of traffic accidents monitoring) construction of two special underpasses for wild hoofed animals shall be provided on the above mentioned road sections in combination with installation of wire mesh fencing from the underpasses along the road at 1 km distance both sides to allow the effect of guiding shoot. Selection of specific locations for these structures can be adjusted with regard to results of engineering survey and upon approval of the relevant local hunting services. Design options shall be approved by experts of the National Academy of Sciences. A set of engineering and information measures should be planned to minimize the M-5 road impact on local amphibia populations. Provision of reinforced concrete underpasses for amphibians on road section ch 707+00 to ch 710+00 similar to those installed in Berezinsky Biospheric National Park. Necessity for such structures, section length and volumes of mirgator traffic shall be confirmed by supplementary studies to be carried out in September 2010 (before hibernation) and early in April 2011 (before spawning). On section ch 866+50 to ch 868+50 (from the right side, 200 m length) there is a water pool of reproduction local newt (Triturus cristatus) population, being in good condition. Due to this re-alignment of the designed road section shall be required to provide habitat bypass at 200 m minimum distance from the right side. As an alternative option a new water pool suitable for newt reproduction may be provided in the right-of-way from the right side of the existing road. In this case the following sequence of operations should be planned: backfiling of the existing area of water pools in September-October without impact of the surrounding areas of habitation (forests). At the same time in perspective junction to the designed road section shallow cuts shall be made from the right side with soil removal up to the minimum level of the existing pool bottom. The area of such cuts shall be 5 to 10 30 m minimum. The central part of the perspective water pool (2x10 m) shall be excavated to the depth of 1.0 m. Bank line shall be gently sloping. Traffic of construction machinery and carrying out of civil works on this area shall be allowed under inspection of the amphibia conservation expert. Annual monitoring of these populations shall be carried out during the next 3-5 years for the assessment of the implemented mitigation measures. On section ch 1084+00 to ch 1108+50 similar measures allowing preservation of local newt population is planned. Road signs should be installed on the designed road section ch 885+00 to ch 890+00 for speed limit (left, right) having restricted period of effectiveness (April, September) from 18.00 to 3.00. However supplementary studies should be carried out so that to Page 36 obtain data for substantiation of such limitations. Studies of migrations before hibernation may be performed in September 2010 as well as before spawling early in April 2011. Design of the right carriageway bypassing Sosnovy village on section ch 843+00 to ch 857-00 shall take into consideration the following recommended measures: - construction of elevated road section over Svisloch river floodplain on post piles to allow continuity of habitat and free migrations; - rehabilitation of roadside plantations and forests: optimization and repairing of roads and pathways, arrangement of rest areas, landscaping, etc. (based on specialized designs); - appropriate water removal system shall be provided including interseption and lateral drainage facilities or provision of 5-7% minimum lateral slope of the roadside allowing to reduce negative impact of de-icing agents on vegetation, soil, surface and ground waters; - arrangement of ecosystem monitoring of the Project site in cooperation with experts having experience in biodiversity assessment. Annual monitoring of flora and fauna shall be carried out during spring and summer periods for assessement of their status, growth and possible damages. Accounting of quantities of applied de-icing agents and anthropogenic emissions shall be arranged for the purposes of the right-of-way contamination control. Content of pollutants in snow shall be measured annually, while that in soil and plants once per 3-5 years. Snow samples shall be taken in December and March, soil samples shall be taken May-June, samples of plants shall be taken in June-August. Forest conservation measures recommended for local forestries shall include: - carrying out of sanitation cuttings, maintenance cuttings, reformation cuttings and landscape cuttings in danamaged plantations adjoining the road in order to provide formation of sustainable hybrid forests; - provision of measures allowing transformation of relatively unsustainable pure and even- aged forests into more sustainable with high level of biodiversity, hybrid and uneven-aged forests. Such transformation shall be achieved due to intential cuttings, cultivation of appropriate species and implementation of measures facilitating natural recovery; - agrotechnical maintenance and supplementing of unlinked forest cultures on 7.1 ha area (plot 15/quarter 84, 16/85 of Pukhovichi forestry; 29/74 and 43/83 of Britsalovich forestry, Osipovichi district; 7/13, 23 and 25/51 of Tselsky forestry, Osipovichi district). To increase the level of biological and biotopical diversity, as well as resource value of forest lands it would be recommended to include baccate and melliferous shrubs (i.e. brier – Rosa ); - formation of wind resistant and decorative skirts and belts of 50 m width on individual sections along the edge of forest tracts by means of introduction of wood and shrub species (resistant to unfavourable impacts, shade-enduring and melliferous); - provision of supplementary maintenance of protecting forest belts along the road, including removal of dead and drying up trees, cutting of dry branches in tree crowns. Reforestation is also recommended in place of cut or lost trees. While introducing sustainable wood species preference should be given to species corresponding to climate and soil conditions of appropriate sites and resistent to anthropogenic emissions and salinization of soils. It is not desirable to use poplar (Populus) as allogenic species and other introducents. It is recommended to withhold from planting of birch trees and lime trees as the results of studies performed by experts of the Institute of Experimental Botany of the National Academy of Sciences showed low salt resistence of such species. Selection of wood species should be made with regard to conditions of growth according to “Assortment of native and strange trees and shrubs recommended for green planting of industrial and urban territories, major roads in areas of air pollution with gaseous compounds of nitrogen, formaldehyde, benz(a)pyren, hydrogen chloride” (2005); - implementation of sanitary measures including clearing of plantations from debris as well as prevention of contamination using various preventive actions such as installation of barries, warning signs, bins for debris accumulation, retaining facilities to prevent access to forest roads, etc.). To reduce attraction of the road for feeding of birds’ installation of covered bins in Page 37 locations of rest areas shall be recommended. Agrotechnical measures shall be implemented taking into account the following recommendations: - planting of trees and shrubs in roadside areas shall be carried out during spring period exclusively; - grass mowing in the strip between forest edges and the road shall be carried out to prevent biological contamination of soils (spreading of invasive species) with mowed grass to be removed as soon as possible. To reduce probability of wild hoofed animals coming out to the road the following measures are recommended for local hunting services: - biotechnical facilites, i.e. sites for wildlife foddering etc. should be moved away from the road to the maximum possible distance. According to Clause 36 of the Belarus Law “On Flora” compensative measures providing flora reproduction or planting of greenery shall be included into design documents in case of laying out, design, construction, rehabilitation, comissioning, operation, conservation and removal of buildings, structures and other facilities producing harmful impact on flora, as per the procedures specified in the Republic of Belarus legislation. Proposals for conservation of rare and endagered flora species and communities during carrying out of civil works: - cutting of trees and shrubs outside the appropriate area of construction site shall be strongly prohibited; - damaging of forest elements (trees, shrubs, surface herbage) outside the appropriate area of construction site shall be strongly prohibited; - littering of areas adjoining the construction site with construction debris, sand and other refuse shall be prevented; - storage of construction materials, parking of construction machinery, etc. in the above areas shall be strongly probibited; - removal of 20 numbers of coralwort (Dentaria bulbifera) and 30 numbers of bear’s onion (Allium ursinum) on section transfered for construction site from ch 798+00 to 802+00 (left side, 0.07 ha) and 100 numbers of bear’s onion on section from ch 086+00 to ch 1094 + 00 (left side, 1.0 ha) with subsequent replantation in the forest before commencement of road upgrading works shall be carried out; - underflooding or flooding of sections adjoining swamped black alder thickets shall be prevented and rehabilitation of all the existing culverts shall be carried out. The above recommendations and specifications have been taken into account on the stage of detailed design. Mitigation measures for bridges construction. The description of standard environment mitigation measures in the case of bridges construction are given below based on the proposed measures for construction of the largest bridge across the Svisloch river on section km 82.6 – km 93.0.The overall length of the bridge is about 180 m. The bridge superstructure will be made of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements. The bridge abutmentss will be without raft foundations, on bored piles of 1.2 m diameter. Environmental mitigation measures will ensure that bridge construction works protect the environment from risks such as improper waste disposal, noise, soil erosion, pollution of the Svisloch river and other water sources, etc. The key construction activities and the corresponding environmental mitigation measures are summarized below. Site preparation – Clearing debris, if necessary, before commencement of construction activities according to local regulations. · Covered material storage areas will be organized on the site. Appropriate measures should be undertaken by the Contractor to assure that construcion materials may not enter into the river. The construction area should be effectively protected against spill. Page 38 · Traffic disruption during construction works – Traffic management will be prescribed and performed in accordance with local regulations with appropriate measures and signalling systems (lighting, traffic safety signals, barriers, etc.) that are easily seen or easy to follow. · Bored piling, soil excavation - Wastewater will be properly treated before reuse and should not be discharged into the storm drainage.The excavated material will be properly stored on the site. To minimize degradation of water quality due to increased turbidity foundations of bridge piers will be erected on islands stabilized with sand bags. In case of erection in pits soil excavation will be made by grabs. · Backfilling - Water spraying of the fill material before operation. Backfilled area will be protected by hydroseeding. · Subgrade and slopes on approaches to bridge - Soil should be properly stabilized in order to exclude erosion and wash-out. · Bridge deck – Storm water and thawing water will be removed from the bridge deck due to properly designed cross-fall and gradient and will be discharged to water receipt facilities on bridge approaches. To assure maximum reduction of air polutting emissions and to avoid cumulative noise impact electric driven and “silent” construction machinery and equipment will be used. To avoid damage to fish resources construction works within the river water area during spawning period (starting from April 1, until the end of June) will not be carried out. Upon completion of the bridge construction works the construction site will be recultivated. Operational phase: operational impacts will be addressed in order to avoid deterioration of road conditions and associated safety problems. Among major issues to be addressed during operation are: proper functioning of drainage facilities, erosion control (see a summary of mitigation measures during operation phase in the Annex 14). During this phase, the potential negative impacts will result also from civil works to be executed as part of the regular maintenance. To minimize potential operation-related negative environmental impacts, some preventive measures should be taken during the design phase, and then a combination of sound operational activities and monitoring should be carried out. This has also to be a part of the bidding documents. Trafic safety. Major injuries and death are today resulting from head-on collisions along the existing two-lane road. The project will separate opposing traffic onto separate lanes, divided by several meters of space and also crash barriers. It is expected that this will entirely eliminate head-on collisions which are the major cause of traffic injuries and deaths on that road section. The project will thus have a positive impact on human health and road safety through decreased number of accidents. The following design options will be applied to ensure the Project traffic safety: · road geometry (alignment elements, longitudinal and cross section profiles will allow for 120 km/h design speed and sufficient capacity for continuous and fluent traffic of at least 10,000 vehicles per day; · the existing road will be upgraded to the level of separated dual carriagway (4 traffic lanes), which will allow to increase the capacity and to avoid traffic jams; · two level traffic interchange is planned for construction in Podberezhye village at crossing with local H-9349 road to divide transit and local traffic and thus to exclude conflicting traffic flows; · pedestrian communication at different levels will be provided between the left and right parts of Podberezhye village; · geometric parameters of road junctions (conjugation radia, traffic islands, acceleration-deceleration lanes, lay-bys); · lighting of the road section adjacent to Podberezhye village is planned; · comfortable rest areas for road users has been designed as well as bus stops; Page 39 · improvements to bus stops, including pedestrian paths, traffic lights in pedestrian crossings, safety islands, etc. are included in the Project; · standard road pavement evenness and roughness shall be assured through longitudinal and transverse levelling and application of stone mastic asphalt for pavement wearing course. The detailed design includes the Plan for construction site temporary safety measures, which is agreed with the institution responsible for the road maintenance and operation and with the State Transport Inspectorate. This Plan includes, where necessary, provision of access roads and detours, installation of signs and fences, as well as application of temporary road marking of yellow colour. The civil works will be first perfomed on the right (new) carriageway and upon completion of this rehabilitation of the existing carriageway will be performed. Appropriate drawings have been made for safety elements and schemes for traffic control and management during the civil works. Provision of environmental requirements into the construction contracts. Contract documents for construction will incorporate all requirements to minimize potential environmental impactsfrom construction activities, including: (a) provisions on spill prevention and cleanup, dust and noise control, traffic management during construction, safety enhancement, construction site cleanup and rehabilitation; and, (b) provisions governing the sources of construction materials. Materials (e.g., asphalt, stone, sand, etc.) would be supplied only from sources with approved licenses, permits, and/or approvals for environment and worker safety; any equipment used during construction would meet internationally recognized standards for environment and worker health and safety, and rehabilitation of areas under construction camp, asphalt-concrete plants and temporarily storage of building materials once the project is completed. The necessary mitigating measures would constitute integral part of the project implementation including the contracts binding the contractors to carry out the environmental obligations during road construction works. If contractors decided to include in their submitted proposals the construction of permanently or temporary supporting facilities (e.g. warehouses, asphalt-concrete plants, etc.) the costs for their design, mitigation procedures should be clearly presented, and this should be a full responsibility of contractors. Thus, all contractors will be required to use environmentally acceptable technical standards and procedures during carrying out of works. Additionally, contract clauses shall include requirements towards compliance with all national construction, health protection, safeguard laws and rules as well as on environmental protection as well as penalties for non- compliance. A sample of the environmental clauses for contract documents in road construction is presented in the Annex 13. Furthermore, each contractor will identify officers responsible for implementation of on environmental protection activities in conformity with instructions specified in the design documents and provided by BELGIPRODOR environmental specialist or local environmental protection agency. Most important mitigation measures should be included as separate items in the contracts’ breakdown cost if it is a unit price contract. Elucidating of all potential effects and mitigation measures should also be included in all training courses, or general guidelines prepared for contracts supervisors. Contract specifications concerning contractors' responsibilities during carrying out of civil works and taking mitigation measures should be reflected in bid documents for each contract. The Bank will review the initial contracts for road construction works to ensure that these clauses and measures are incorporated, as indicated. To ensure that contractors understand the actions to be taken and the cost implications of environmental management, and that required actions and measures are priced in bid proposals, short-listed contractors will be informed about environmental protection requirements and EMP at the Pre-Bid Meetings. It is also proposed, that shortly after their appointment, contractors jointly with supervising engineer will attend a seminar on environmental management dedicated Page 40 to environmental impact prevention/mitigation, explanation of EMP included in their contracts and provisions for environmental management monitoring to be carried out. The training seminar will be guided by the BELGIPRODOR Environment Specialist. During construction the contractors’ compliance with the provisions specified in the bid documents will be supervised by the BELGIPRODOR Environment Specialist, supervising engineer and State Ecological Inspectorate. 10.2 Monitoring Plan Monitoring and reporting activities. Monitoring of environmental indicators and mitigation measures performance will be a part of the overall project monitoring. Monitoring of implementation of environmental mitigation measures will be the responsibility of: (a) construction Contractors; (b) BELDORNII environmental specialists (with assistance from supervising engineer) and biodiversity experts of the National Academy of Sciences, and (c) local ecological inspectors. The findings of the relevant monitoring activities will be reflected in quarterly and annual progress reports. The progress reports will cover the implementation of proposed by EMP, activities, as well as extent of environmental impacts. The site supervisors should be trained to be able to inspect construction sites, borrowing and dumping areas, and other potentially affected areas. Specific aspects to be monitored include: (a) Carrying out of monitoring during construction; (b) Monitoring of significant impacts during the operation of roads. Proposed monitoring indicators. Monitoring indicators developed for both the construction and operation phases are presented in the Annex 14. Monitoring of construction activities will have to ensure that mitigation measures of construction impacts are being implemented properly, while the monitoring of operation is to ensure that no unforeseen negative impacts are arising. Periodic monitoring of roads will be conducted by BELDORNII environmental specialist to ensure compliance with submitted monitoring plan. The functions of the environmental specialist will be to: (i) monitor compliance with EMP by the various players involved in the implementation of the project; and (ii) collect data to document that the environmental and social procedures are being met. Biodiversity conservation monitoring. Monitoring of implementation of the proposed biodiversity conservation measures will be carried out during the period of the Project implementation and subsequent 5 years of the road operation. The main goal of monitoring impacts over time is to determine and evaluate conservation outcomes that result from from modifying or changing technology, adopting improved operational practices and integrating biodiversity issues into management strategy. The key indicators and time frequency for monitoring of biodiversity measures during the Project implementation are given in Annex 14 and will include: · assessment of assimilation of rare amphibia species (newts) to alternative water pools to be arranged before commencement of civil works; · monitoring of status of rare and endangered species; · monitoring of forest vegetation status; · monitoring of status of aquatic and meadow vegetation. The estimated cost of arrangement and carrying out of monitoring of the Project impact on flora and fauna during and after the implementation of the road upgradying works is about USD 20,000 equivalent per year. Supervision. BELDORNII environmental specialists in cooperation with biodiversity experts of the National Academy of Sciences will supervise and monitor the overall activities and the status of fora and fauna. Semi-annual reports on the application of the EMP provisions during the construction phase of the project. They will also develop the reporting requirements and procedures to ensure compliance of the contractors, conduct public consultation and Page 41 implement public awareness programs, and hold periodic training for field engineers and contractors, as appropriate. The site supervisors will inspect along with the construction sites, borrowing and dumping, and other potentially affected areas. During the construction phase, the client Environment Specialist and environmental inspectors will ensure that measures specified in the EMP are followed by the contractors who have contractual responsibility towards these actions. In case of non-compliance, project management will take the necessary actions in accordance with contract agreement and national environmental legislation. During the operations phase the main responsibility concerning monitoring activities will be of the local road enterprises. 10.3 Implementing arrangements Main project beneficiary. The Ministry of Transport and Communications (MoTC) and its Road Department (BELAVTADOR) as the national authority in charge of road construction and maintenance will have the overall responsibility for implementation of the proposed project. BELAVTODOR, in consultation with the MoTC will have the decision making responsibilities with regards to the proposed investments under the Project. Assigned BELAVTODOR and MoTC officials will participate in the procurement process, approve terms of reference for consultants, participate in discussions with the consultants responsible for design and supervision of the project, and participate in evaluations of proposals and bids. BELAVTODOR has assigned a senior staff with the necessary technical expertise to lead these discussions from BELAVTODOR side. BELAVTODOR, through the senior staff, will review consultants’ reports, payments and invoices to ensure that the work is up to required standards. Implementing agency. The Republican Unitary Enterprise MINSKAVTODOR-Center (MA- C) will have the primary responsibility for coordinating the implementation of the proposed project during the construction period, including the technical management, procurement, supervision of works, financial management and environmental safeguard management. MA-C was established by Ministry of Transport in 2005 by merging two existing sector enterprises. MA-C reports to BELAVTODOR and is responsible for rehabilitation and maintenance of major and republican roads in Minsk Oblast and the 1/ 30 road (Brest-Minsk-Russian border). MA-C has experienced staff in the areas of engineering, procurement, project management and financial management. MA-C will be responsible for coordinating the project amongst the BELAVTODOR, MoTC, consultants, contractors and with the Bank. Its main responsibility will be to ensure that Bank fiduciary requirements are well known to participants and adhered to throughout the project. MA-C will be responsible for preparing standard bidding documents and carrying out the procurement process. It will also be responsible for record keeping, disbursement, financial management and financial flows of the project, including managing the special account. MA-C will prepare the project interim financial reports and the progress reports and facilitate Bank visiting missions. MA-C has prepared a Project Operations Manual detailing the processes of project implementation. Project implementation team. MA-C has nominated a specific team of specialists who will work on the preparation and implementation of the project in close interaction with the World Bank. The team is headed by a senior manager delegated from BELAVTODOR and will be augmented as needed during the implementation stage by hiring additional specialists to cover the increasing workload. The team includes procurement and financial management specialists, a lawyer, and an environmental specialist. In addition, financial management of project resources will be carried out by specific staff members of MA-C assigned to work on the project. The World Bank could support MA-C in the necessary training of those specialists in World Bank guidelines and procedures for procurement and financial management. BELDORNII Environment Specialist . Responsabilities for project environmental safeguards are assigned to Belarus Roads Institute. The Institute is a leading research organization in Belarus in the area of building, repair and maintenance roads and bridges. The Page 42 quality management system of the Institute was certified for compliance with the standards ISO 9001. The Institute is well equipped and has relevant computing machinery as well as highly qualified staff. Among major Institute’s tasks are environment protection activities in the road sector, including conducting Environment Impact Assessment, monitoring of traffic emissions and noise, as well as labor safety in the sector. In its structure there is a special Division on Road Safety and Maintenance which has two laboratories: (a) on traffic safety; and (b) on road maintenance. Among major areas of Division’s activities are the following: coordination of activities of road organizations of BELAVTODOR for traffic and environmental safety on public roads, as well as advisory and practical assistance in the matters of road maintenance and improvement of traffic safety and effectiveness. Another Institute’s Division on Engineering and Technical Support has in its componence a special Environmental Protection Section which works on the norms of maximum permissible emission of pollutants of road enterprises and providing assistance in development and implementation of measures to decrease emissions as well as measurement of parameters of dangereous and hazardous industrial factors, sanitary and engineering certification and validation of workplaces. Beneficiary’s capacity to implement the EMP. The actual institutional capacity of borrower was evaluated during the project preparation stage. It was concluded the BELDORNII has adequate capacities to perform duties concerning enforcing EMP provisions. Within the above mentioned Road Safety Laboratory there is a highly qualified staff as well as analytical equipment to perform needed analyses of environmental quality. Furthermore, this institution has previous experience in dealing with environmental safeguards while implementing other similar projects in the country, based on both IFIs (in particular EBRD) and National financing. Proposed capacity building activities. The project will support several TA under the Component 3 and in particular (i) Technical support and training to local institutions involved in works supervision to improve their capacity in supervising international contractors; and (ii) Technical assistance to BELAVTODOR related to benchmarking and harmonization of the Belarusian road construction, repair and maintenance standards and expenditure levels to international standards. These activities will also cover environmental aspects of the project implementation supervision and monitoring, revision and harmonization of the existing national standards, normative with regard to roads design and construction. 11. Costs EMP implementation costs . Costs of various environmental mitigation measures were estimated. Figures below in the table 3 refer to key groups of such measures: Table 3. EMP costs Item Description Estimated cost, USD 1. Recultivation and rehabilitation of top soil damaged during construction works 375,000 2. Arrangement of water run-off, collection and disposal of storm waters 850,000 3. Prevention of soil contamination and erosion in the ROW 2,775,000 4. Installation of special traffic signs in locations of potential wildlife migration 9,600 5. Construction of underpasses for amphibia 35,000 6. Re-plantation of rare and endangered flora species 300 7. Provision of alternative water pool for rare amphibia species (newts) 6,000 8. Application of repellents to prevent wildlife access to the road 49,500 TOTAL 4,100,400 Page 43 The total cost of environmetal mitigation measures is about USD 4.100.400 out of the total cost of the Project Compenent 1, i.e. USD 131 million. EMP supervision and monitoring will be carried out by BELDORNII in cooperation with biodiversity experts of the National Academy of Sciences. The estimated costs of these services shall be about USD 85,000. The sum for EMP supervision and monitoring is out of the Project budget and will be paid by BELAVTODOR. No additional funding will be provided to State Ecological Inspectorate for monitoring compliance with agreed measures, enforcing laws, regulations and covenants; these costs would be borne by the institution itself as these are the main its duties. 12. EIA disclosure and consultation As at the initial stage of the project development the project was qualified as Category A project, per World Bank requirements BELAVTODOR disclosed and consulted in the country the EIA documents at both stages, - scoping for discussing the TORs for the EIA study, as well as at the stage of full draft of the EIA&EMP document. EIA TORs disclosure and consultation. Consultations on the draft TORs were held on November 3, 2009 in Osipovichy, in the premises of the district roads enterprise (DEU 73). Earlier, in October 2009, BELAVTODOR had posted the draft TORs and a short preliminary Environmental Assessment memo on its web page (www.BELAVTODOR.belhost.by), informing all interested parties about the consultation. Furthermore, special announcements concerning this consultation were made in the national newspaper "Republic" (on October 3, 2009); in the sectoral newspaper "Roads of Belarus" (on October 29, 2009) as well as in the Osipovichy local newspaper "Osipovichy Land" on October 10, 2009. The meeting was very well attended with more than 30 participants, including representatives from Mogilev Oblast, District governments, village councils, environmental and traffic police authorities, NGO, media, and design institutes. The representatives from BELGIPRODOR presented the project goal and objectives, as well as its potential impacts and benefits. The main scope and objectives of the EIA study were discussed as well as potential environmental impacts of the project and mitigation approaches. Participants raised questions related to potential impacts of the increased traffic on air pollution and noise levels within the vicinity of the settlements. The project itself, as well as the TORs, was accepted by all participants. Minutes of this consultation are presented in the Annex 15. Disclosure and consultation of the draft EIA&EMP. Public consultations on full draft of the EIA&EMP document were held on June 9, 2010 in Osipovichi in the offices of DEU-73. Prior to that the document was disclosed on the web-sites of BELAVTODOR ( www.BELAVTODOR.belhost.by ) and BELGIPRODOR ( www.belgiprodor.by ) so that all the interested parties could get knowledge of the project, its environmental and social impacts and benefits, environmental mitigation measures and plans for their implementation and monitoring. Special notifications about the time and venue of the consultation were published in the sectoral newspaper "Roads of Belarus" as well as in the Osipovichy local newspaper "Osipovichy Land". Besides, individual invitations for the consultations were sent to the relevant bodies, agencies and companies. The meeting was attended by representatives from Mogilev Oblast, village councils, environmental and traffic police authorities, medicians, NGO, media, road maintenance units. The Chief Project Design Engineer from BELGIRPODOR presented the brief project description, its goal and objectives, technical issues, potential impacts and benefits. The biodiversity expert from the National Academy of Sciences presented results of the recently performed field studies of the project site and proposed measures relating to conservation of flora and fauna. The environmental expert from BELDORNII presented results of noise and air polluting emissions measurements. Participants raised questions on potential environmental impacts during performance of civil works, operation of construction plant, machinery and equipment, development and maintenance of pit quarries located along the road, measures of wildlife conservation and populations of beavers, in particular. Also questions relating to traffic safety and arrangement of bus stops were raised. Detailed responses on raised questions were Page 44 given. The project itself and the draft EIA&EMP were accepted by all participants. Minutes on the EIA&EMP public consultations are presented in the Annex 16. Page 45 Annexes: Annex 1. List of References 1. Basic legislation (International Conventions, Codes and Laws) · Constitution of the Republic of Belarus 1994 (as amended in 2004) · The Aarhus Convention (Presidential Decree dated 14 December 1999 726) · The Espoo Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (Belarus acceded to the Espoo Convention in 2005). · The Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (Presidential Decree dated 20 Oct ober 2005 487) · Land Code of the Republic of Belarus, 2008 (as amended in 2009) · Forest Code of the Republic of Belarus, 2000 (as amended in 2009) · Air Code of the Republic of Belarus, 2006 (as amended in 2010) · Water Code of the Republic of Belarus, 1998 (as amended in 2010) · The Law “On Republican and Local Assemblies”, 2000 · The Law “On Citizens’ Appeals”, 1994 (as amended in 2004) · The Law “On Local Governance and Self-Governance”, 2010 · The Law “On Architectural, Urban Construction and Construction Activity in the Republic of Belarus”204 (as amended in 2009) · Law of the Republic of Belarus “On Environmental Protection”, 1992 (as amended in 2009). · Law of the Republic of Belarus “On State Ecological Expertise”,1993 (as amended in 2009). · Law “On Meetings, Rallies, Demonstrations and Picketing”, 1997 (as amended in 2003). · Law “On Speciallly Protected Territories”, 1999 (as amended in 2008) · Law on Waste, 2007 · Law on Flora, 2003 (as mended in 2009) · Law on Fauna, 2007 (as amended in 2010) 2. President Decrees, Governmental Decisions, Standard Norms, Technical Codes and Recommendations · Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus No. 667 dated 27 December 2007, “On Withdrawal and Allocation of Land Plots” · Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus No. 58 dated 2 February 2009, “On Certain Measures to Protect Rights of Property in Case of Land Plots Withdrawal for the State Needs” · Instruction on the State Environmental Expert Examination Procedures in the Republic of Belarus (MoNREP Resolution dated 11 May 2001) · List of economic activities and sites subject to compulsory EIA of intended economic and other activity (MoNREP Resolution dated 17 June 2005) · Methodological Guidelines on the composition of materials and main requirements for justification of locating the sites of economic and other activity in Belarus. (MoNREP Methodological Guidelines dated 31 March 1993) · Construction Norms and Rules 1.03.02-96 “Content and procedure of drafting the “Environmental protection” section in design documents”. · GOST 17.2.3.01-86. Nature protection. Atmosphere. Air quality control regulations for residential areas · TCP 45-3.03-112-2008 Roads. Flexible road pavements Page 46 · TCP 45-3.03-19-2006. Roads. Design norms. · TCP 059-2007 Roads. Construction norms. · TCP 17.08-03-2006. Procedure for calculation of vehicle emissions in residential areas. · Recommendations on Waste Management in Road Sector. DMD 02191.3.004-2006. · Recommendations on Mitigation of Adverse Road Transport Infrastructure Relating Impacts on Flora. DMD 02191.3.012-2007. · Recommendations on Mitigation of Adverse Road Transport Infrastructure Relating Impacts on Fauna. DMD 02191.3.016-2008. 3. Literature o .V.Matveev. “Belarus Relief”. Minsk, 1988 o Zaytseva S., Maslovsky O., Yaroshevich E., Staseva I., Chuyko E., Khvisevich Yu. „Environmental monitoring of Osipovich rayon: methodologies, results of studies, assessement of present status”, Minsk: Al-Pak. – 2003 o Red Book of the Republic of Belarus – Fauna”. Minsk: Belorussian Encyclopedia. –2004 o Red Book of the Republic of Belarus – Flora”. Minsk: Belorussian Encyclopedia. – 2005 Page 47 Annex 2. List of Environmental Assessment Preparers Name Position and name of Employer Key responsibilities Mr. Nikolay Timoshchuk Chief Design Engineer, Belgiprodor General management of the environmental assessment process, consultations with all interested parties Mr. Igor Franskevich Chief Expert, Belgiprodor Traffic modelling, collection of socio-economic data, analysis of potential social impacts of the Project Mr.Roman Zraykovsky Chief Expert, Belgiprodor Analysis of environmental impacts and planning of appropriate environmental mitigation measures Mrs. Marina Rachkova Head of Road Design Group, Belgiprodor Design of preventive and environmental mitigation measures Mr.Yury Grunkovsky Engineer, Belgiprodor Design of preventive and environmental mitigation measures Mr.Sergei Borozna Legal adviser, Belgiprodor Land allotting issues Mrs.Ludmila Lyaskovskaya Environment Team Leader, Belorussian Road Research Institute Site investigations of biodiversity, measurements of noise and air pollutant emissions, preparation of the Monitoring Plan of environmental mitigation measures Mrs.Svetlana Lopatina Environment Specialist, Belorussian Road Research Institute Site investigations of biodiversity, measurements of noise and air pollutant emissions Page 48 Annex 3. Decision of the Gosstroi Expertiza (extract) Page 49 Page 50 Page 51 A n n e x 4 . R o a d l o c a t i o n Page 52 Page 53 Annex 5. Letter from the MoNREP Page 54 Annex 6. Letter from the MoF Page 55 Annex 7. Letter from the MOCoNREP Page 56 Page 57 A n n e x 8 . P o t e n t i a l e n v i r o n m e n t a l i m p a c t s a n d m i t i g a t i o n m e a s u r e s f o r r o a d c o n s t r u c t i o n p h a s e . E n v i r o n m e n t a l a n d s o c i a l c o m p o n e n t s P r o j e c t a c t i v i t i e s P o t e n t i a l I m p a c t s S c a l e o f t h e i m p a c t S u g g e s t e d M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s S o i l s a n d l a n d · O p e r a t i o n o f s t a t u t o r y a s p h a l t p l a n t · E a r t h w o r k s · P a v e m e n t / C a r r i a g e w a y s u r f a c i n g ( l a y i n g o f a s p h a l t - c o n c r e t e m i x t u r e s , l a y i n g c e m e n t - c o n c r e t e s l a b s , e t c . ) · U s e o f h a z a r d o u s m a t e r i a l s , s u c h a s c o m b u s t i v e - l u b r i c a t i n g o n e s , b i t u m e n , e t c . / h e a t i n g a n d s p r a y i n g o f b i t u m e n · H e a v y m a c h i n e r y a n d e q u i p m e n t o p e r a t i o n · T r a f f i c o f c o n s t r u c t i o n v e h i c l e s · H a u l i n g o f c o n s t r u c t i o n a l m a t e r i a l s s u c h a s b i t u m e n , b o r r o w m a t e r i a l s , a s p h a l t - c o n c r e t e m i x t u r e s , c o n c r e t e c e m e n t N e g a t i v e : · D a m a g e t o l a n d d u e t o : · s i t e p r e p a r a t i o n w o r k s / e a r t h w o r k s · e x c a v a t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n a l m a t e r i a l s · h a u l r o a d s · D a m a g e t o s o i l s t r u c t u r e d u e t o t r a f f i c o f v e h i c l e s a n d s t o r a g e o f c o n s t r u c t i o n a l m a t e r i a l s ( c e m e n t - c o n c r e t e s l a b s , g r a v e l , e t . ) i n t h e i m m e d i a t e v i c i n i t y o f r o a d r e h a b i l i t a t i o n w o r k s · A c c i d e n t s o i l p o l l u t i o n b y p e t r o l e u m h y d r o c a r b o n s a n d o t h e r h a z a r d o u s a n d t o x i c m a t e r i a l s i n t h e a r e a o f m o b i l e a s p h a l t p l a n t o p e r a t i o n · L a n d d a m a g e / s o i l p o l l u t i o n b y b i t u m e n , a s p h a l t c o n c r e t e m i x t u r e s d u r i n g l o a d i n g - u n l o a d i n g / t r a n s p o r t a t i o n a n d l a y i n g · S o i l p o l l u t i o n d u e t o l e a k s o f l u b r i c a n t s · T e m p o r a r y u n c o n t r o l l e d s u r f a c e r u n - o f f d u e t o c o n s t r u c t i o n / r e h a b i l i t a t i o n o f d r a i n a g e c h a n n e l s · S o i l p o l l u t i o n b y c o m p o n e n t s o f c o m b u s t i o n g a s e s e m i t t e d b y c o n s t r u c t i o n v e h i c l e s ( e s p . h e a v y m e t a l s ) · S o i l c o n t a m i n a t i o n d u e t o c o n s t r u c t i o n a l m a t e r i a l s / c o n s t r u c t i o n w a s t e s d i s p o s a l s · S o i l p o l l u t i o n d u e t o c o n t a m i n a t e d s u r f a c e r u n o f f f r o m t h e r o a d u n d e r c o n s t r u c t i o n · S o i l e r o s i o n c a u s e d b y r e - c h a n n e l i z a t i o n o f w a t e r w a y s T e m p o r a r y / l o c a l · T o p l a n c a r e f u l l y c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k s t o m i n i m i z e l a n d a f f e c t e d a n d e n s u r e s o i l p o l l u t i o n p r e v e n t i o n · T o m i n i m i z e c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e ’ s s i z e / t o m i n i m i z e l a n d a f f e c t e d / t o e n s u r e s o i l p o l l u t i o n p r e v e n t i o n · T o e n s u r e a c c u r a c y o f r o a d r e h a b i l i t a t i o n w o r k s / t o a v o i d s p i l l s , l e a k s , e t c . · T o p r o v i d e p r o p e r h a u l r o a d s t o m i n i m i z e i m p a c t o n t h e l a n d · T o a v o i d l o s s o f v e g e t a t i o n a l o n g t h e r o a d s · T o r e h a b i l i t a t e b o r r o w a r e a s , q u a r r i e s a n d t e m p o r a r y h a u l / a c c e s s r o a d s b y p l a n t i n g g r a s s a n d t r e e s a n d o t h e r m e a s u r e s · P r o p e r d e s i g n a n d i n s t a l l a t i o n o f d r a i n a g e a n d r e t a i n i n g s t r u c t u r e s / c i v i l e n g i n e e r i n g s t r u c t u r e s / c l e a n u p d r a i n a g e c h a n n e l s / c u l v e r t s t o m i n i m i z e t h e r i s k o f e r o s i o n o n d o w n l a n d s · T o a v o i d r o a d c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k s d u r i n g h e a v y r a i n s / t o m i t i g a t e v e l o c i t y a n d v o l u m e o f p o l l u t e d s u r f a c e r u n - o f f · T o p r o v i d e p r o p e r c o n s t r u c t i o n w a s t e d i s p o s a l s Page 58 c o n c r e t e , c e m e n t - c o n c r e t e s l a b s , g r a v e l , e t c . ) · C o n s t r u c t i o n o f r o a d d r a i n a g e s y s t e m ( d r a i n a g e c h a n n e l s , c h u t e s , e t c . ) · Q u a r r y i n g · C o n s t r u c t i o n a l m a t e r i a l s s t o c k p i l i n g · C o n s t r u c t i o n w a s t e d i s p o s a l s · C o n s t r u c t i o n / r e h a b i l i t a t i o n o f s i d e w a l k s i n s e t t l e m e n t s · E s t a b l i s h m e n t o f c o n s t r u c t i o n c a m p / a c c o m m o d a t i o n f a c i l i t i e s ( s e w a g e f a c i l i t i e s , w a s t e d i s p o s a l s , e t c . ) · F o r m a t i o n o f g u l l i e s a l o n g d r a i n a g e c h a n n e l s · S o i l c o n t a m i n a t i o n d u e t o i m p r o p e r l y a r r a n g e d t e m p o r a r y a c c o m m o d a t i o n f a c i l i t a t e s P o s i t i v e : · D e c r e a s e d r i s k o f s o i l p o l l u t i o n a n d s o i l e r o s i o n r e s u l t i n g f r o m c o n s t r u c t i o n / r e h a b i l i t a t i o n o f d r a i n a g e s y s t e m · D e c r e a s e d r i s k o f l a n d d e g r a d a t i o n p o t e n t i a l s / g u l l i e s f o r m a t i o n P e r m a n e n t / l o c a l · T o p r o v i d e p r o p e r s t o c k p i l i n g o f c o n s t r u c t i o n a l m a t e r i a l s · P l a n t i n g / r e - h a b i l i t a t i o n o f v e g e t a t i o n ( b u f f e r s t r i p s ) a l o n g t h e r o a d s t o m i n i m i z e s p r e a d i n g o f c o m b u s t i o n g a s e s / p a r t i c u l a t e s / d u s t , i f a p p r o p r i a t e · B a c k f i l l i n g a n d r e s t o r a t i o n o f e r o d e d c h a n n e l s t o n a t u r a l c o n d i t i o n s / r e - v e g e t a t i o n , i f a p p r o p r i a t e · O r g a n i z e p r o p e r l y t e m p o r a r y s e w a g e f a c i l i t i e s · C l e a n u p o f t h e w o r k s i t e / r e s t o r a t i o n o f d a m a g e d a r e a s a f t e r r e h a b i l i t a t i o n w o r k s a r e f i n i s h e d W a t e r R e s o u r c e s · O p e r a t i o n o f a s p h a l t p l a n t · E a r t h w o r k s · R o a d l e v e l i n g N e g a t i v e : · G r o u n d w a t e r p o l l u t i o n d u e t o s u r f a c e r u n o f f f r o m o p e r a t i n g a s p h a l t p l a n t g r o u n d · G r o u n d w a t e r p o l l u t i o n d u e t o c o n t a m i n a t e d T e m p o r a r y / L o c a l · T o p l a n c a r e f u l l y c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k s t o m i n i m i z e i m p a c t o n w a t e r r e s o u r c e s · M i n i m i z e c o l l e c t i o n o f w a t e r a n d m u d , w h e r e p o s s i b l e , t o e x e c u t e r o a d Page 59 · P a v e m e n t / C a r r i a g e w a y s u r f a c i n g ( l a y i n g o f a s p h a l t - c o n c r e t e m i x t u r e s , l a y i n g c e m e n t - c o n c r e t e s l a b s , e t c . ) · U s e o f h a z a r d o u s m a t e r i a l s , s u c h a s c o m b u s t i v e - l u b r i c a t i n g o n e s , b i t u m e n , e t c . / s p r a y i n g o f b i t u m e n · H e a v y m a c h i n e r y a n d e q u i p m e n t o p e r a t i o n · T r a f f i c o f c o n s t r u c t i o n v e h i c l e s , m a c h i n e r y , e t c . / h a u l i n g o f c o n s t r u c t i o n a l m a t e r i a l s s u c h a s b i t u m e n , b o r r o w m a t e r i a l s , a s p h a l t - c o n c r e t e m i x t u r e s , c o n c r e t e , c e m e n t - c o n c r e t e s l a b s , g r a v e l , e t c . ) · C o n s t r u c t i o n / R e h a b i l i t a t i o n o f r o a d d r a i n a g e s y s t e m ( d r a i n a g e c h a n n e l s , c h u t e s , e t c . ) · Q u a r r y i n g / r e m o v a l s u r f a c e r u n o f f / m i g r a t i o n o f s p i l l s / l e a k s f r o m i m p r o p e r l y s t o r e d l u b r i c a n t s a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n w a s t e s · G r o u n d w a t e r p o l l u t i o n d u e t o l e a k s f r o m h a u l i n g v e h i c l e s d u r i n g t r a n s p o r t a t i o n / l o a d i n g - u n l o a d i n g · G r o u n d w a t e r p o l l u t i o n b y b i t u m e n s p i l l s · I n c r e a s e d s i l t a t i o n p o t e n t i a l / s e d i m e n t r u n o f f i n t o d o w n l a n d w a t e r w a y s ( i f a n y ) d u e t o m o d i f i c a t i o n s o f d r a i n a g e p a t t e r n s · G r o u n d w a t e r p o l l u t i o n b y s p i l l s f r o m r o a d a c c i d e n t s o f v e h i c l e s u s e d f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k s · D i s t u r b a n c e t o u n d e r g r o u n d w a t e r t a b l e d u e t o u s e o f h e a v y m a c h i n e r y · I n c r e a s e d p r e s s u r e o n w a t e r r e s o u r c e s d u e t o a d d i t i o n a l w a t e r u s e f o r r o a d m a i n t e n a n c e w o r k s · G r o u n d w a t e r p o l l u t i o n b y c o m p o u n d s o f w a s t e s p r o d u c e d b y i n f r a s t r u c t u r e c o n n e c t e d w i t h a c c o m m o d a t i o n f a c i l i t i e s d u r i n g r o a d r e h a b i l i t a t i o n / i m p r o p e r s e w a g e f a c i l i t a t e s r e h a b i l i t a t i o n w o r k s d u r i n g d r y s e a s o n · M i t i g a t e r u n - o f f v e l o c i t i e s a n d v o l u m e s / d e s i g n o u t f a l l s p r o p e r l y · T o p r e v e n t l e a k s / s p i l l s d u r i n g t r a n s p o r t a t i o n / l o a d i n g - u n l o a d i n g o f c o n s t r u c t i o n a l m a t e r i a l s · S t o c k p i l e s o f c o n s t r u c t i o n a l m a t e r i a l s s h o u l d b e c o v e r e d w i t h f a b r i c o r o t h e r m a t e r i a l s t o p r e v e n t / m i t i g a t e c o n t a m i n a t e d r u n o f f · T o p r o v i d e p r o p e r s t o c k p i l i n g o f c o n s t r u c t i o n a l m a t e r i a l s a n d d i s p o s a l s o f h a z a r d o u s w a s t e s / a v o i d s t o c k p i l i n g o n t h e s l o p e s o r n e a r w a t e r w a y s , i f a n y / c o n t a m i n a t e d r u n - o f f f r o m s t o c k p i l e s s h o u l d b e d r a i n e d i n t o d i t c h e s w i t h o i l t r a p s f a c i l i t i e s · I d e a l l y , e x c a v a t e c u t o f f d i t c h e s a r o u n d s t o c k p i l e s t o p r e v e n t m a t e r i a l s f r o m b e i n g w a s h e d a w a y b y s u r f a c e r u n o f f / a r r a n g e i n t e r c e p t i o n d i t c h e s t o p r e v e n t m u d d y w a t e r t o r e a c h w a t e r w a y s ( i f a n y ) · A l l l u b r i c a n t s a n d e n g i n e o i l s s h o u l d b e c o l l e c t e d a n d r e c y c l e d o r d i s p o s e d o f f s i t e · T o a v o i d l o s s o f v e g e t a t i o n d u r i n g r o a d r e h a b i l i t a t i o n w o r k s · T o c l e a n u p t h e a r e a a f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k i s c o m p l e t e d Page 60 a n d p l a c i n g b o r r o w m a t e r i a l s · H e a t i n g a n d s p r a y i n g o f b i t u m e n · C o n s t r u c t i o n a l m a t e r i a l s s t o c k p i l i n g · C o n s t r u c t i o n w a s t e d i s p o s a l s · E s t a b l i s h m e n t o f t e m p o r a r y c a m p s f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n e q u i p m e n t P o s i t i v e : · D e c r e a s e d r i s k o f w a t e r p o l l u t i o n r e s u l t i n g f r o m c o n s t r u c t i o n / r e h a b i l i t a t i o n o f d r a i n a g e s y s t e m s a s c o m p a r e d t o p r e v i o u s r o a d c o n d i t i o n · D e c r e a s e d r i s k o f u n d e r - f l o o d i n g r e s u l t i n g f r o m c o n s t r u c t i o n / r e h a b i l i t a t i o n o f d r a i n a g e s y s t e m a s c o m p a r e d t o p r e v i o u s r o a d c o n d i t i o n · D e c r e a s e d r i s k o f s e d i m e n t a t i o n / t u r b i d i t y o f w a t e r w a y s ( i f a n y ) r e s u l t i n g f r o m e x p e c t e d l o w e r e r o s i o n p o t e n t i a l P e r m a n e n t / l o c a l A i r / A c o u s t i c · A s p h a l t p l a n t N e g a t i v e : T e m p o r a r y / · T o p l a n c a r e f u l l y c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k s Page 61 o p e r a t i o n · T r a f f i c o f v e h i c l e s u s e d f o r r o a d / h a u l i n g o f c o n s t r u c t i o n a l m a t e r i a l s a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n w a s t e s · H e a t i n g o f b i t u m e n · C r u s h i n g o f m a t e r i a l s · E m i s s i o n s f r o m s t a t u t o r y o p e r a t i n g a s p h a l t p l a n t · A i r p o l l u t i o n b y c o m p o n e n t s o f c o m b u s t i o n g a s e s ( C O 2 , N O x ) . · A i r p o l l u t i o n b y v o l a t i l e h y d r o c a r b o n s a g g r a v a t e d b y u n f a v o r a b l e w e a t h e r c o n d i t i o n s ( w i n d , h o t , e t c ) · L o c a l i m p a i r m e n t o f a i r q u a l i t y d u r i n g c r u s h i n g a n d m i x i n g o f r a w m a t e r i a l s · N o i s e p o l l u t i o n a n d v i b r a t i o n s f r o m h a u l i n g v e h i c l e s , o p e r a t i n g m a c h i n e r y a n d e q u i p m e n t P o s i t i v e : · D e c r e a s e d r i s k o f a i r p o l l u t i o n d u e t o r e d u c t i o n o f c o m b u s t i o n g a s e s e m i s s i o n s i n t o t h e a i r L o c a l P e r m a n e n t / L o c a l t o m i n i m i z e a i r a n d a c o u s t i c p o l l u t i o n · C o n t r o l c o n s t r u c t i o n m e t h o d s a n d u s e d m a c h i n e r y a n d e q u i p m e n t · C a r e f u l t i m i n g o f w o r k s i n r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a s ) / r e s t r i c t c o n s t r u c t i o n t o c e r t a i n h o u r s · T o a v o i d l a u d b e e p s i g n a l s i n s e t t l e m e n t s / t o m i n i m i z e d i s t u r b a n c e t o r e s i d e n t s · R e s t r i c t i o n s s p e e d o f c o n s t r u c t i o n v e h i c l e s , e s p e c i a l l y i n r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a s · U s i n g o f s p r i n k l i n g - m a c h i n e s “ i n h a l i n g ” d u s t o r c o n t r o l b y w a t e r o r o t h e r m e a n s / w a t e r s p a y i n g t w i c e a d a y d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n t o a v o i d d u s t · W a t e r i n g o f a c c e s s r o a d s t o m i n i m i z e d u s t f o r m a t i o n , i f a p p l i c a b l e · V e h i c l e s d e l i v e r i n g m a t e r i a l s s h o u l d b e w e l l m a i n t a i n e d a n d c o v e r e d t o p r e v e n t / r e d u c e s p i l l s , e m i s s i o n s a n d d i s p e r s i o n · C o n s t r u c t i o n o f n o i s e b a r r i e r s Page 62 F a u n a a n d f l o r a / h a b i t a t s · O p e r a t i o n o f a s p h a l t p l a n t · E a r t h w o r k s · U s e o f h a z a r d o u s m a t e r i a l s , s u c h a s c o m b u s t i v e - l u b r i c a t i n g o n e s , b i t u m e n / h e a t i n g a n d s p r a y i n g o f b i t u m e n · H e a v y m a c h i n e r y a n d e q u i p m e n t o p e r a t i o n · T r a f f i c o f c o n s t r u c t i o n v e h i c l e s , m a c h i n e r y , e t c . · H a u l i n g o f c o n s t r u c t i o n a l m a t e r i a l s · C o n s t r u c t i o n / r e h a b i l i t a t i o n o f r o a d d r a i n a g e s y s t e m ( d r a i n a g e c h a n n e l s , c h u t e s , e t c . ) · C o n s t r u c t i o n a l m a t e r i a l s s t o c k p i l i n g · C o n s t r u c t i o n w a s t e d i s p o s a l s N e g a t i v e : · S o i l a n d w a t e r p o l l u t i o n d u e t o o p e r a t i o n o f a s p h a l t p l a n t · S o i l a n d w a t e r p o l l u t i o n b y h a z a r d o u s a n d t o x i c s u b s t a n c e s · I m p a c t o n b i o t a d u e t o c o n t a m i n a t e d e n v i r o n m e n t a l m e d i a ( a i r , w a t e r , s o i l ) · D e s t r u c t i o n o f a f f o r e s t e d a r e a s · N o i s e p o l l u t i o n / v i b r a t i o n d u e t o o p e r a t i o n m a c h i n e r y / e q u i p m e n t · N o i s e p o l l u t i o n d u e t o t r a f f i c o f c o n s t r u c t i o n v e h i c l e s · D i s t u r b a n c e t o h a b i t a t s / l o s s o f f a u n a a n d f l o r a s p e c i e s d u r i n g r o a d r e h a b i l i t a t i o n w o r k s · D i s r u p t i o n o f w i l d l i f e p a s s a g e s , l o c a l m i g r a t i o n r o u t e s a n d p a t t e r n s c a u s i n g i n c r e a s e d r o a d k i l l s , e t c . · C h a n g e s t o a q u a t i c e c o - s y s t e m s d u e t o i n c r e a s e d s e d i m e n t r u n o f f i n t o w a t e r w a y s d u e t o c o n s t r u c t i o n / m o d i f i c a t i o n o f d r a i n a g e p a t t e r n s T e m p o r a r y / l o c a l · T o p l a n c a r e f u l l y c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k s t o m i n i m i z e i m p a c t o n f l o r a , f a u n a , h a b i t a t s / c a r e f u l s i t t i n g , a l i g n m e n t , d e s i g n o f a s s o c i a t e d i n f r a s t r u c t u r e t o m i n i m i z e i m p a c t s · C a r e f u l t i m i n g o f w o r k s a n d w o r k s e a s o n a l l y , a s a p p r o p r i a t e / n o c o n s t r u c t i o n d u r i n g b r e e d i n g s e a s o n · T r e e s a n d o t h e r v e g e t a t i o n s h o u l d b e p r o t e c t e d d u r i n g b i t u m e n s p r a y i n g · T o a v o i d e x c e s s i v e / t o m i n i m i z e l o s s o f v e g e t a t i o n d u r i n g r o a d r e h a b i l i t a t i o n w o r k s · T o a v o i d l o u d b e e p s i g n a l s f r o m v e h i c l e s a n d m a c h i n e r y i n t h e a r e a s w h e r e w i l d a n i m a l s i n h a b i t · P r o v i d e p a s s a g e s t h r o u g h t h e r o a d f o r a n i m a l s · C a r e f u l s e l e c t i o n o f s i t e s t o b e u s e d f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n a l m a t e r i a l s s t o c k p i l e s / c o n s t r u c t i o n w a s t e s d i s p o s a l s · U s e o f a p p r o p r i a t e c o n s t r u c t i o n m e t h o d s · C l e a n - u p o f c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e s · R e h a b i l i t a t e w o r k s i t e s / q u a r r i e s / b o r r o w a r e a s , a c c e s s r o a d s b y p l a n t i n g g r a s s a n d t r e e s a n d o t h e r r e l e v a n t m e a s u r e s · I n s t a l l a t i o n o f s p e c i a l t r a f f i c s i g n s i n l o c a t i o n s o f p o t e n t i a l w i l d l i f e m i g r a t i o n · C o n s t r u c t i o n o f u n d e r p a s s e s f o r a m p h i b i a n Page 63 · R e - p l a n t a t i o n o f r a r e a n d e n d a n g e r e d f l o r a s p e c i e s · P r o v i s i o n o f a l t e r n a t i v e w a t e r p o o l f o r r a r e a m p h i b i a s p e c i e s ( n e w t s ) · A p p l i c a t i o n o f r e p e l l e n t s t o p r e v e n t w i l d l i f e a c c e s s t o t h e r o a d L a n d s c a p e / A e s t h e t i c · C o n s t r u c t i o n o f d e t o u r s / a c c e s s r o u t e s / h a u l r o a d s · E a r t h w o r k s / q u a r r y i n g / r e m o v a l a n d p l a c i n g b o r r o w m a t e r i a l s · T r a f f i c o f c o n s t r u c t i o n v e h i c l e s / h e a v y m a c h i n e r y a n d e q u i p m e n t o p e r a t i o n · C o n s t r u c t i o n / r e h a b i l i t a t i o n o f r o a d d r a i n a g e s y s t e m · C o n s t r u c t i o n a l m a t e r i a l s s t o c k p i l i n g · C o n s t r u c t i o n w a s t e d i s p o s a l s · E s t a b l i s h m e n t o f t e m p o r a r y c a m p s f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n e q u i p m e n t N e g a t i v e : · L o c a l v i s u a l i m p a c t s / m a r r e d l a n d s c a p e · D a m a g e t o v e g e t a t i o n a l o n g t h e r o a d s · D a m a g e t o o r d e g r a d a t i o n t o s o m e n a t u r a l a n d m a n m a d e l a n d s c a p e v a l u a b l e s i t e s , i f a n y , d u e t o e a s i e r a c c e s s · L o s s o f t r e e s a n d o t h e r v e g e t a t i o n · D u s t , w a s t e , d e b r i s e t c . d u r i n g r o a d r e h a b i l i t a t i o n w o r k s P o s i t i v e : · I m p r o v e d m a n m a d e l a n d s c a p e T e m p o r a r y / L o c a l P e r m a n e n t / L o c a l · T o m i n i m i z e c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e ’ s s i z e t o m i n i m i z e i m p a c t o n l a n d s c a p e / c a r e f u l p l a n n i n g , s i t t i n g a n d d e s i g n o f w o r k s · S c r e e n i n g / f e n c i n g o f i n t r u s i v e i t e m s · C a r e f u l d e - c o m m i s s i o n i n g o f c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a s / w a s t e d i s p o s a l s i t e s / / c l e a n u p c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e s a f t e r r o a d c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k s a r e f i n i s h e d / r e - v e g e t a t i o n o f w o r k a r e a , e t c . · E x c a v a t e d m a t e r i a l s , i f a n y , s h o u l d b e u s e d f o r b a c k f i l l i n g o f b o r r o w s a n d g r a v e l p i t s H u m a n h e a l t h / s e t t l e m e n t s · R o a d c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k s : o e x c a v a t i o N e g a t i v e : · R o a d a c c i d e n t s d u e t o d i s r u p t i o n o f t r a f f i c f l o w s d u e t o r o a d c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k s T e m p o r a r y / L o c a l · T o t r a i n p e r s o n n e l o n o c c u p a t i o n a l s a f e t y a n d m e a s u r e s t o w a r d s c o m p l i a n c e w i t h o c c u p a t i o n a l s a f e t y r e q u i r e m e n t s Page 64 n s a n d o t h e r e a r t h w o r k s o l e v e l i n g / p a t c h i n g / p r i m i n g o p a v e m e n t o c r u s h i n g a n d s c r e e n i n g o f a g g r e g a t e o h e a t i n g o f b i t u m e n o r e p a i r o f a g g r e g a t e s o c o n s t r u c t i o n & r e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f d r a i n a g e c h a n n e l s ; e t c . · H a z a r d o u s , t o x i c a n d i n f l a m m a b l e m a t e r i a l s l o a d i n g - u n l o a d i n g , t r a n s p o r t a t i o n a n d d i s p o s a l · a s p h a l t p l a n t o p e r a t i o n · t r a f f i c o f c o n s t r u c t i o n v e h i c l e s · C o n s t r u c t i o n a l m a t e r i a l s s t o c k p i l i n g · C o n s t r u c t i o n w a s t e d i s p o s a l s · H e a l t h i m p a c t o n c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k e r s d u e t o w o r k w i t h t o x i c a n d h a z a r d o u s m a t e r i a l s ( d a m a g e t o r e s p i r a t i o n s y s t e m , s k i n , e y e s , e t c ) a g g r a v a t e d b y u n f a v o r a b l e w e a t h e r c o n d i t i o n s ( s t r o n g w i n d , r a i n , e t c . ) · I m p a c t o n h u m a n h e a l t h d u e t o : o P o l l u t e d b y c o m b u s t i o n g a s e s a n d d u s t a i r a l o n g t h e r o a d s o P o l l u t e d s u r f a c e r u n - o f f i n t o a d j a c e n t a g r i c u l t u r a l l a n d s a n d a g r i c u l t u r a l p l a n t s c o n t a m i n a t i o n o N o i s e p o l l u t i o n a n d v i b r a t i o n s f r o m c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k s , t r a f f i c o f v e h i c l e s a n d o p e r a t i n g m a c h i n e r y / e q u i p m e n t · F i r e a n d e x p l o s i o n h a z a r d s d u e t o a c c i d e n t s d u r i n g r o a d c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k s · C o n s t r u c t i o n v e h i c l e s r o a d a c c i d e n t s · A c c i d e n t s d u r i n g r o a d c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k s ( s p i l l s , b l a s t s , e t c . ) · A c c i d e n t s d u e t o d i s r u p t i o n o f t r a f f i c f l o w s d u e t o r o a d c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k s · P r e s s u r e o n l o c a l w a t e r s u p p l y s o u r c e s · A p p r o p r i a t e l y e x p e r i e n c e d c o n t r a c t o r , g o o d s u p e r v i s i o n , c a r e f u l p l a n n i n g a n d s c h e d u l i n g o f w o r k a c t i v i t i e s · I n c o r p o r a t i o n o f s a f e t y a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l r e q u i r e m e n t s i n c o n t r a c t d o c u m e n t s / p r o v i d i n g o f w o r k e r s w i t h u n i f o r m , g l a s s e s , g l o v e s , e t c . · F o r e s e e i n g c o m p e n s a t i o n s i n c a s e o f h e a l t h d a m a g e · F e n c i n g o f d a n g e r o u s a r e a s ( s t o c k p i l i n g o f h a z a r d o u s m a t e r i a l s ) · A v o i d w o r k d u r i n g u n f a v o r a b l e w e a t h e r c o n d i t i o n s t o m i n i m i z e r i s k o f a c c i d e n t s / b i t u m e n s h o u l d b e n o t a p p l i e d d u r i n g s t r o n g w i n d s o r h e a v y r a i n s · P r o p e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f t e m p o r a r y c a m p s f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n e q u i p m e n t · T o e n s u r e a c c i d e n t p r e v e n t i o n f o r p o p u l a t i o n i n r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a s / t o p l a n c a r e f u l l y c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k s t o m i n i m i z e i m p a c t o n l o c a l r e s i d e n t s · R e s t r i c t t r a n s p o r t a t i o n o f h a z a r d o u s / e x p l o s i v e m a t e r i a l s i n r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a s / c o m p l y w i t h r e g u l a t i o n o n t r a n s p o r t a t i o n o f h a z a r d o u s m a t e r i a l s · R e s t r i c t c o n s t r u c t i o n v e h i c l e s p e e d l i m i t s , e s p e c i a l l y i n r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a s · C a r e f u l t i m i n g o f w o r k s t o m i n i m i z e d i s t u r b a n c e e s p e c i a l l y d u r i n g n i g h t t i m e · I d e a l l y , t o d e s i g n a c o u s t i c b a r r i e r s a l o n g t h e r o a d s i n r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a s Page 65 · T o c o n s t r u c t / r e h a b i l i t a t e s i d e w a l k s i n r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a s / t h e r e q u i r e d w i d t h o f t h e s i d e w a l k c o r r e s p o n d s t o t h e i n t e n s i t y o f p e d e s t r i a n ’ s t r a f f i c ( f i n a l d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f t h e l o c a t i o n s h a l l b e a r r a n g e d w i t h l o c a l s t a k e h o l d e r s ) · R o a d w a r n i n g s i g n s p o s t i n g t o w a r n r o a d u s e r s a b o u t r e h a b i l i t a t i o n w o r k s / w a r n r o a d u s e r s a b o u t t r a f f i c d i v e r s i o n · P r o v i d e a d v i c e t o t h e p u b l i c o n s h o r t e r a l t e r n a t i v e r o u t e s / b y p a s s e s · T o e n s u r e p r o p e r c o n s t r u c t i o n a l m a t e r i a l s s t o c k p i l i n g / c o n s t r u c t i o n w a s t e d i s p o s a l s · S t o n e c r u s h i n g p l a n t s ; a s p h a l t p l a n t s s h o u l d b e f i t t e d w i t h a p p r o v e d d u s t c o n t r o l d e v i c e s a n d o p e r a t e i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s a n d m a n u f a c t u r e r ’ s p e c i f i c a t i o n s · T o e n s u r e r e g u l a r w a t e r i n g o f r o a d s u n d e r r e h a b i l i t a t i o n t o m i n i m i z e f o r m a t i o n o f d u s t · T o i n s t a l l s p e e d c a l m i n g d e v i c e s , e . g . h u m p s , i n r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a s · T o e n s u r e e m e r g e n c y m e d i c a l s e r v i c e / t o p r o v i d e t e l e p h o n e c o m m u n i c a t i o n · T o e n s u r e p r o p e r s a n i t a r y - h y g i e n i c f a c i l i t i e s ( s e w a g e d i s p o s a l ) / a p p r o p r i a t e w a s t e d i s p o s a l Page 66 P o s i t i v e : · D e c r e a s e d r i s k o f c a r a n d l o c a l r e s i d e n t s a c c i d e n t s d u e t o i m p r o v e d r o a d c o n d i t i o n s · D e c r e a s e d r i s k t o h e a l t h d a m a g e d u e t o r e d u c t i o n o f a i r p o l l u t i o n b y c o m b u s t i o n g a s e s · D e c r e a s e d r i s k t o h e a l t h d a m a g e d u e t o l e s s e n i n g o f p o l l u t e d s u r f a c e r u n o f f t o a g r i c u l t u r a l l a n d s P e r m a n e n t / L o c a l · W a t e r f o r r o a d c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k s s h o u l d b e o b t a i n e d f r o m s u c h s o u r c e s a n d s u c h a m o u n t t h a t w o u l d n o t a f f e c t a p p r o p r i a t e d o m e s t i c w a t e r s u p p l y i n t h e a r e a o f c o n c e r n S o c i a l / E c o n o m i c R o a d c o n s t r u c t i o n P o s i t i v e : · c r e a t i o n o f j o b o p p o r t u n i t i e s / r e c r u i t m e n t o f t h e l a b o r f o r c e a m o n g l o c a l p o p u l a t i o n / t e m p o r a r y d e c r e a s e o f u n e m p l o y m e n t i n r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a s a l o n g t h e r o a d · d e v e l o p m e n t o f r e l e v a n t w o r k s k i l l s a t l o c a l r e s i d e n t s · r e d u c t i o n o f v e h i c l e s o p e r a t i n g c o s t ; · l e s s f u e l c o n s u m i n g , P e r m a n e n t / l o c a l Page 67 · s a f e d r i v i n g a n d r i d i n g ; · b e t t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c o n d i t i o n s / l e s s t i m e f o r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n o f p a s s e n g e r s , g o o d s , l i v e s t o c k , e t c . · o p p o r t u n i t y t o c r e a t e n e w w o r k p l a c e s a l o n g t h e r o a d : f i l l i n g s t a t i o n , s h o p s b a r s , p a r k i n g f a c i l i t i e s · i m p r o v e d c o m m u n i c a t i o n o p p o r t u n i t i e s b e t w e e n s e t t l e m e n t s / l o c a l r e s i d e n t s e t c . A n n e x 9 . R e s u l t s o f a i r p o l l u t a n t e m i s s i o n m e a s u r e m e n t s R e s u l t s o f m e a s u r e m e n t s o f a c t u a l a i r p o l l u t a n t e m i s s i o n s i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f v i l l a g e s a l o n g t h e M - 5 M i n s k - G o m e l r o a d D i s t a n c e f r o m t h e r o a d e d g e , m T r a f f i c v o l u m e s V e h i c l e c l a s s e s , % o f t h e t o t a l t r a f f i c f l o w 5 1 0 0 Item L o c a t i o n o f m e a s u r e m e n t s Data of measuremenets N O 2 M O C O N O 2 M O C O A c t u a l t r a f f i c v o l u m e , v p h A v e r a g e a n n u a l d a i l y t r a f f i c v o l u m e , v p d motocycles cars trucks coaches 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 P o d b e r e z h y e v i l l a g e , r o a d s e c t i o n k m 6 9 ( l e f t ) 2 1 . 1 0 . 0 9 0 , 0 1 7 < 0 , 0 0 4 1 , 7 0 , 0 2 4 0 , 0 1 6 1 , 0 4 9 6 9 5 1 9 0 6 8 , 2 3 0 , 6 1 , 2 2 S o s n o v y v i l l a g e , r o a d s e c t i o n k m 8 4 ( r i g h t ) 2 1 . 1 0 . 0 9 0 , 0 6 5 0 , 0 1 7 0 , 8 0 , 0 3 4 0 , 0 0 5 0 , 7 5 0 6 8 9 2 8 0 7 4 , 7 2 4 , 1 1 , 2 3 Y a s e n v i l l a g e , r o a d s e c t i o n k m 1 2 0 ( l e f t ) 2 2 . 1 0 . 0 9 0 , 0 4 3 < 0 , 0 0 4 1 , 0 0 , 0 4 0 < 0 , 0 0 4 0 , 9 6 8 6 1 2 4 1 3 0 7 8 , 4 2 0 , 1 1 , 5 4 B o y a r y v i l l a g e , r o a d s e c t i o n k m 1 2 8 ( l e f t ) 2 2 . 1 0 . 0 9 0 , 0 3 6 0 , 0 0 9 1 , 0 0 , 0 3 4 0 , 0 0 5 0 , 1 7 0 8 1 2 3 0 0 0 7 3 , 7 2 6 , 3 0 R e f e r e n c e p a r a m e t e r s : M a x i m u m c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f a d m i x t u r e , m g / m 3 0 , 0 6 5 0 , 0 1 7 1 , 7 0 , 0 4 0 0 , 0 1 6 1 , 0 M a x i m u m p e r m i s s i b l e e m i s s i o n 0 , 2 5 0 , 0 3 0 5 , 0 0 , 2 5 0 , 0 3 0 5 , 0 Page 68 c o n c e n t r a t i o n s , m g / m 3 Page 69 A n n e x 1 0 . R e s u l t s o f t r a f f i c n o i s e m e a s u r e m e n t s E q u i v a l e n t a n d m a x i m u m n o i s e l e v e l s ( L e q a n d L m a x ) , d B A T r a f f i c v o l u m e s V e h i c l e c l a s s e s , % o f t h e t o t a l t r a f f i c f l o w 7 , 5 1 5 3 0 6 0 1 2 0 L o c a t i o n o f m e a s u r e m e n t s Date and time of commencement of measurements L e q L m a x L e q L m a x L e q L m a x L e q L m a x L e q L m a x A c t u a l , v p h A v e r a g e a n n u a l d a i l y , v p d motorcycles cars trucks coaches 7 5 , 0 8 5 , 7 7 1 , 6 8 4 , 7 6 5 , 8 7 5 , 5 5 8 , 3 7 0 , 9 5 1 , 8 6 5 , 3 4 9 6 9 5 1 9 0 6 8 , 2 3 0 , 6 1 , 2 2 1 m f r o m t h e r o a d e d g e 6 4 , 8 7 4 , 5 4 5 m f r o m t h e r o a d e d g e 5 6 , 2 6 6 , 3 P o d b e r e z h y e v i l l a g e , r o a d s e c t i o n k m 6 9 ( l e f t ) 2 1 . 1 0 . 0 9 1 1 . 0 0 6 3 m f r o m t h e r o a d e d g e 5 7 , 4 6 6 , 5 7 0 , 1 7 8 , 5 6 7 , 0 7 6 , 0 6 3 , 6 7 1 , 1 5 5 , 4 6 8 , 6 4 9 , 5 5 4 , 2 5 0 6 8 9 2 8 0 7 4 , 7 2 4 , 1 1 , 2 1 9 m f r o m t h e r o a d e d g e 6 3 , 9 7 7 , 3 S o s n o v y v i l l a g e , r o a d s e c t i o n k m 8 4 ( r i g h t ) 2 1 . 1 0 . 0 9 1 3 . 0 0 5 6 m f r o m t h e r o a d e d g e 5 9 , 6 6 7 , 9 7 2 , 6 8 2 , 7 7 0 , 0 8 1 , 2 6 5 , 3 7 4 , 2 5 7 , 3 6 7 , 1 - - 6 8 6 1 2 4 1 3 0 7 8 , 4 2 0 , 1 1 , 5 9 8 f r o m t h e r o a d e d g e 5 6 , 2 6 7 , 0 Y a s e n v i l l a g e , r o a d s e c t i o n k m 1 2 0 ( l e f t ) , 2 2 . 1 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 3 5 1 0 8 f r o m t h e r o a d e d g e 5 6 , 9 6 3 , 1 7 3 , 3 8 4 , 2 7 1 , 6 8 0 , 6 6 4 , 9 7 4 , 6 5 8 , 0 6 7 , 1 - - 7 0 8 1 2 3 0 0 0 7 3 , 7 2 6 , 3 0 B o y a r y v i l l a g e , r o a d s e c t i o n k m 1 2 8 ( l e f t ) , 2 2 . 1 0 . 0 9 0 9 . 1 0 1 0 5 m f r o m t h e r o a d e d g e 5 2 , 8 6 0 , 4 Page 70 A n n e x 1 1 . E s t i m a t e d r e d u c t i o n o f n o i s e l e v e l s d u e t o i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f m i t i g a t i o n m e a s u r e s A v e r a g e h o u r l y t r a f f i c p e r v e h i c l e t y p e s , v p h N o i s e l e v e l s , d B A A v e r a g e f l o w E s t i m a t e d C a r s T r u c k s C o a c h e s s p e e d , k m / h P e r m i s s i b l e F o r “ W i t h o u t m i t i g a t i o n m e a s u r e s ” o p t i o n F o r “ W i t h m i t i g a t i o n m e a s u r e s ” o p t i o n P o d b e r e z h y e v i l l a g e 1 4 1 7 4 8 0 1 1 8 0 5 5 7 9 . 1 7 5 1 . 6 0 * S o s n o v y v i l l a g e 1 4 1 8 4 7 8 1 1 6 0 5 5 7 7 . 4 9 4 6 . 8 * * Y a s e n v i l l a g e 1 4 1 7 4 8 8 1 0 8 0 5 5 7 9 . 2 2 5 3 . 7 * B o y a r y v i l l a g e 1 4 9 2 5 0 1 1 4 8 0 5 5 7 9 . 3 7 5 4 . 9 * N o t e s : * I n s t a l l a t i o n o f a n t i - n o i s e s c r e e n i s p l a n n e d a s m i t i g a t i o n m e a s u r e * * C o n s t r u c t i o n o f b y - p a s s i s p l a n n e d a s m i t i g a t i o n m e a s u r e Page 71 A n n e x 1 2 . E n v i r o n m e n t a l i m p a c t s a n d m i t i g a t i o n m e a s u r e s d u r i n g o p e r a t i o n p h a s e E n v i r o n m e n t a l a n d s o c i a l c o m p o n e n t s P r o j e c t a c t i v i t i e s P o t e n t i a l N e g a t i v e a n d P o s i t i v e I m p a c t s S c a l e o f t h e i m p a c t S u g g e s t e d M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s S o i l s a n d l a n d E x i s t e n c e o f t h e r o a d S u r f a c e r u n o f f f r o m t h e r o a d V e h i c l e s t r a f f i c P a s s e n g e r / g o o d s t r a n s p o r t a t i o n R o a d a s s o c i a t e d i n f r a s t r u c t u r e N e g a t i v e : · C o n t i n u o u s d a m a g e t o l a n d e r o s i o n a n d f o r m a t i o n o f g u l l i e s o n s l o p e s a l o n g d r a i n a g e c h a n n e l s · S o i l p o l l u t i o n d u e t o c o n t a m i n a t e d b y f u e l a n d i t s c o m p o u n d s ( e s p . h e a v y m e t a l s ) s u r f a c e r u n o f f · S o i l p o l l u t i o n d u e t o r u n - o f f / m i g r a t i o n o f s p i l l s / l e a k s f r o m v e h i c l e s · S o i l p o l l u t i o n b y w a s t e s p r o d u c e d b y i n f r a s t r u c t u r e c o n n e c t e d w i t h s e r v i c e s l o c a t e d a l o n g t h e r o a d ( p a r k i n g , f o o d f a c i l i t i e s , f i l l i n g s t a t i o n s , r e s t a u r a n t s , b a r s , s h o p s , e t c . ) P o s i t i v e : · D e c r e a s e d l a n d d e g r a d a t i o n p o t e n t i a l s / g u l l i e s f o r m a t i o n a s c o m p a r e d t o p r e v i o u s r o a d c o n d i t i o n s · R e d u c e d s o i l p o l l u t i o n a n d s o i l e r o s i o n r e s u l t e d f r o m r e h a b i l i t a t e d d r a i n a g e s y s t e m P e r m a n e n t / L o c a l P e r m a n e n t / L o c a l · P l a n t i n g o f t r e e s a n d b u s h e s a l o n g t h e r o a d s ( o n a n a p p r o p r i a t e d i s t a n c e ) · T o p r o v i d e r o a d w a y s / p r o t e c t i o n s t r i p s a l o n g t h e r o a d s , i f a p p r o p r i a t e · P r o p e r c o n s t r u c t i o n o f r o a d d r a i n a g e s y s t e m · R o a d p o l i c e a n d e c o l o g i c a l a u t h o r i t i e s t o c h e c k r e g u l a r l y v e h i c l e s q u a l i t y a n d t h e i r c o m p l i a n c e w i t h e m i s s i o n s s t a n d a r d s · R o a d p o l i c e t o p r o p e r l y c o n t r o l t r a f f i c o f v e h i c l e s t o m i n i m i z e r i s k o f a c c i d e n t s · T o c o n t r o l p r o p e r l y d e v e l o p m e n t a n d o p e r a t i n g o f r o a d a s s o c i a t e d i n f r a s t r u c t u r e / f o o d , s a n i t a r y / c a r f i l l i n g / p a r k i n g f a c i l i t i e s · T o u n d e r t a k e c o n t i n u o u s m e a s u r e s t o w a r d s p r e v e n t i o n a n d m i n i m i z a t i o n o f e r o s i o n W a t e r E x i s t e n c e o f t h e r o a d N e g a t i v e : P e r m a n e n t / Page 72 R e s o u r c e s T r a f f i c o f v e h i c l e s S u r f a c e r u n o f f f r o m t h e r o a d P a s s e n g e r / g o o d s t r a n s p o r t a t i o n R o a d a s s o c i a t e d i n f r a s t r u c t u r e P o l l u t i o n o f g r o u n d w a t e r b y c o n t a m i n a t e d s u r f a c e r u n o f f f r o m t h e r o a d : o c o m p o u n d s o f f u e l ( e s p . h e a v y m e t a l s ) o p e t r o l e u m h y d r o c a r b o n s A c c i d e n t a l p o l l u t i o n o f g r o u n d w a t e r b y s p i l l s d u r i n g r o a d a c c i d e n t s R e d u c t i o n i n g r o u n d w a t e r r e c h a r g e d u e t o i n s t a l l e d r o a d d r a i n a g e s y s t e m P o t e n t i a l f o r i n t e r r u p t i n g o r l a s t i n g l o w e r i n g o f u n d e r g r o u n d w a t e r t a b l e d u e t o r o a d o p e r a t i o n G r o u n d w a t e r p o l l u t i o n b y w a s t e s p r o d u c e d b y r o a d a s s o c i a t e d i n f r a s t r u c t u r e a s s o c i a t e d ( p a r k i n g , f o o d , s a n i t a r y f a c i l i t i e s , f i l l i n g s t a t i o n s , s h o p s , b a r s , e t c . ) . P o s i t i v e : · R e d u c e d w a t e r p o l l u t i o n r e s u l t e d f r o m c o n s t r u c t e d / r e h a b i l i t a t e d d r a i n a g e s y s t e m s a s c o m p a r e d t o p r e v i o u s r o a d c o n d i t i o n · D e c r e a s e r i s k o f u n d e r - f l o o d i n g d u e t o r e h a b i l i t a t e d d r a i n a g e s y s t e m a s c o m p a r e d t o p r e v i o u s r o a d c o n d i t i o n · D e c r e a s e d s i l t a t i o n o f w a t e r w a y s ( i f a n y ) d u e t o l o w e r e r o s i o n p o t e n t i a l a s c o m p a r e d t o p r e v i o u s r o a d c o n d i t i o n · D e c r e a s e d t u r b i d i t y o f w a t e r w a y s ( i f a n y ) / d e c r e a s e d L o c a l P e r m a n e n t / L o c a l · R o a d p o l i c e a n d e c o l o g i c a l a u t h o r i t i e s t o c h e c k r e g u l a r l y v e h i c l e s q u a l i t y a n d t h e i r c o m p l i a n c e w i t h t e c h n i c a l s t a n d a r d s · R o a d p o l i c e t o p r o p e r l y c o n t r o l v e h i c l e s c o n d i t i o n s t o m i n i m i z e r i s k o f a c c i d e n t s / a c c i d e n t a l s p i l l s · T o c o n t r o l p r o p e r l y r o a d d r a i n a g e s y s t e m t o a v o i d s o i l e r o s i o n / s e d i m e n t a t i o n o f w a t e r w a y s / d i r e c t r u n o f f t o w a t e r w a y s / t u r b i d i t y o f w a t e r w a y s · T o p l a n t t r e e s a n d b u s h e s t o p r e v e n t s u r f a c e e r o s i o n a n d l a n d s l i d e s · T o c o n t r o l p r o p e r l y d e v e l o p m e n t a n d o p e r a t i o n o f r o a d a s s o c i a t e d i n f r a s t r u c t u r e a l o n g t h e r o a d s ( f o o d a n d p a r k i n g f a c i l i t i e s , f i l l i n g s t a t i o n s , r e c r e a t i o n s t o p s , e t c . ) Page 73 f i n e - g r a i n e d s e d i m e n t r u n - o f f t o s u r f a c e w a t e r s a s c o m p a r e d t o p r e v i o u s r o a d c o n d i t i o n A i r / A c o u s t i c T r a f f i c o f v e h i c l e s E m i s s i o n f r o m v e h i c l e s N e g a t i v e : · A i r p o l l u t i o n b y c o m p o n e n t s o f c o m b u s t i o n g a s e s ( C O 2 , N O x ) . · N o i s e p o l l u t i o n / v i b r a t i o n f r o m t r a f f i c o f v e h i c l e s ( e s p . t r a c k s ) i n r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a s P o s i t i v e : · R e d u c t i o n o f e m i s s i o n s i n t o t h e a i r / r e d u c t i o n o f a i r p o l l u t i o n b y c o m b u s t i o n g a s e s a s c o m p a r e d t o p r e v i o u s r o a d c o n d i t i o n s P e r m a n e n t / L o c a l P e r m a n e n t / L o c a l · D e s i g n i n g a n d p l a n t i n g v e g e t a t i o n ( b u f f e r s t r i p s ) a l o n g t h e r o a d s t o m i n i m i z e s p r e a d i n g o f c o m b u s t i o n g a s e s · T o a v o i d l a u d b e e p s i g n a l s i n s e t t l e m e n t s / t o m i n i m i z e d i s t u r b a n c e t o r e s i d e n t s · T o c o n s t r u c t n o i s e p r e v e n t i o n b a r r i e r s i n r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a s · R e s t r i c t i o n s o n v e h i c l e s s p e e d , e s p e c i a l l y a l o n g r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a s · V e h i c l e s t o c o m p l y w i t h e n g i n e b r a k e n o r m s , e s p e c i a l l y i n r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a s F a u n a a n d f l o r a / h a b i t a t s E x i s t e n c e o f t h e r o a d T r a f f i c o f v e h i c l e s R o a d a s s o c i a t e d i n f r a s t r u c t u r e N e g a t i v e : · C o n t i n u o u s d a m a g e t o b i o d i v e r s i t y · C o n t i n u o u s d a m a g e / d i s t u r b a n c e t o h a b i t a t s · D e a t h o f w i l d a n i m a l s d u e t o r o a d a c c i d e n t s · D i s t u r b a n c e t o w i l d a n i m a l p a s s a g e s / l o c a l m i g r a t i o n r o u t e s a n d p a t t e r n s · C h a n g e s o f a q u a t i c e c o - s y s t e m s d u e t o s e d i m e n t a t i o n p o t e n t i a l i n w a t e r w a y s · S e c o n d a r y c o n t a m i n a t i o n o f b i o t a d u e t o p o l l u t i o n p o t e n t i a l o f s o i l a n d w a t e r i n t h e a r e a o f r o a d o p e r a t i o n / p o l l u t i o n o f v e g e t a t i o n a l o n g t h e r o a d s b y e m i t t e d P e r m a n e n t / L o c a l · T r a f f i c s i g n s p o s t i n g a l o n g t h e r o a d s ( i n d i c a t i o n o f s p e e d l i m i t s , w a r n i n g a b o u t v a l u a b l e h a b i t a t s a n d a n i m a l s i n h a b i t e d i n t h e a r e a , e t c ) · T o e n s u r e s t r i c t e r c o n t r o l t o c o n s e r v e b i o d i v e r s i t y / p o a c h i n g a n d i l l e g a l c u t t i n g p r e v e n t i o n · T o p r o v i d e a p p r o p r i a t e l y d e s i g n e d r e s t s t o p s t o m i n i m i z e Page 74 c o m b u s t i o n g a s e s a n d t h e i r c o m p o u n d s ( e s p . h e a v y m e t a l s ) i m p a c t o n e n v i r o n m e n t · T o u n d e r t a k e c o n t i n u o u s m e a s u r e s t o w a r d s p r e v e n t i o n a n d m i n i m i z a t i o n o f e r o s i o n · C o n t i n u o u s v e g e t a t i o n / r e - v e g e t a t i o n a l o n g t h e r o a d s · T o e n s u r e c o m p l i a n c e o f v e h i c l e s c o n d i t i o n s w i t h t e c h n i c a l s t a n d a r d s t o m i n i m i z e r i s k o f e n v i r o n m e n t a l p o l l u t i o n ( a i r , s o i l , w a t e r ) · T o p r o v i d e t u n n e l s f o r w i l d l i f e t o c r o s s t h e r o a d · T o e n s u r e p r o t e c t i o n m e a s u r e s t o a v o i d d a n g e r t o a n i m a l s p e c i e s d u e t o r o a d a c c i d e n t s ( f e n c e s a l o n g t h e r o a d s ) L a n d s c a p e / A e s t h e t i c E x i s t e n c e o f t h e r o a d R o a d a s s o c i a t e d i n f r a s t r u c t u r e N e g a t i v e : · L o s s o f v e g e t a t i o n / p o o r v e g e t a t i o n · I m p a i r e d l a n d s / l o s s o f s o m e l a n d u s e s a l o n g t h e r o a d s · G a r b a g e / w a s t e d i s p o s a l s a l o n g t h e r o a d s P o s i t i v e : · I m p r o v e d v i s u a l e f f e c t s / i m p r o v e d c o n d i t i o n s o f s u r r o u n d i n g s / m a n m a d e l a n d s c a p e P e r m a n e n t / L o c a l P e r m a n e n t / L o c a l · P l a n t i n g o f t r e e s ( a t a l l o w e d d i s t a n c e ) a n d b u s h e s t o i m p r o v e t h e l a n d s c a p e · P l a n t i n g o f t r e e s t o s t a b i l i z e t h e s l o p s / p r e v e n t s o i l e r o s i o n · T o c o n t r o l p r o p e r l y d e v e l o p m e n t a n d o p e r a t i o n o f r o a d a s s o c i a t e d i n f r a s t r u c t u r e Page 75 H u m a n h e a l t h / s e t t l e m e n t s E x i s t e n c e o f t h e r o a d T r a f f i c o f v e h i c l e s R o a d c r o s s i n g b y h u m a n s a n d d o m e s t i c a n i m a l s R o a d c r o s s i n g b y c a r s f r o m s e c o n d a r y r o a d s P a s s e n g e r / g o o d s t r a n s p o r t a t i o n N e g a t i v e : · C a r a c c i d e n t s · K i l l e d a n d i n j u r e d h u m a n s d u e t o r o a d a c c i d e n t s · D o m e s t i c a n i m a l s a c c i d e n t s · D a m a g e t o h e a l t h d u e a i r p o l l u t i o n b y c o m b u s t i o n g a s e s a n d d u s t ( e s p . i n s e t t l e m e n t s ) · D a m a g e t o h e a l t h d u e t o c o n s u m p t i o n o f a g r i c u l t u r a l p r o d u c t s d r o w n u p o n a d j a c e n t a g r i c u l t u r a l l a n d s a f f e c t e d b y c o n t a m i n a t e d s u r f a c e r u n - o f f · N o i s e p o l l u t i o n / v i b r a t i o n s f r o m v e h i c l e s t r a f f i c ( e s p . t r a c k s ) · D i s t u r b a n c e t o o v e r n i g h t s l e e p i n s e t t l e m e n t s P e r m a n e n t / L o c a l · T o p r o v i d e r e g u l a r r o a d q u a l i t y c o n t r o l a n d m a i n t e n a n c e · T o p r o v i d e h i g h w a y s t r i p p i n g · T o p r o v i d e e m e r g e n c y s t r i p s a l o n g t h e r o a d , w h e r e a p p r o p r i a t e · T o p r o v i d e o u t s i d e s t o n e , w i r e o r o t h e r s u i t a b l e t y p e s o f b a r r i e r s i n d a n g e r o u s s i t e s o n t h e r o a d , i f a n y , t o m i n i m i z e r i s k o f r o a d a c c i d e n t s · T o p r o v i d e p a r k i n g f a c i l i t i e s f o r a c c i d e n t a l d r i v e i n a n d d r i v e o u t a l o n g t h e r o a d , w h e r e a p p r o p r i a t e · R o a d p o l i c e a n d e c o l o g i c a l a u t h o r i t i e s t o c h e c k r e g u l a r l y v e h i c l e s q u a l i t y a n d t h e i r c o m p l i a n c e w i t h a i r , n o i s e a n d t e c h n i c a l s t a n d a r d s · R e s t r i c t v e h i c l e s p e e d l i m i t s , e s p . a t t h e e n t r a n c e a n d i n t h e r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a s i n o r d e r t o m i n i m i z e t h e r i s k o f p e d e s t r i a n ’ s i n j u r y · T h e p a s s a g e t h r o u g h t h e v i l l a g e s h a l l b e s p e e d c o n t r o l l e d i n c o m b i n a t i o n w i t h m e a s u r e s f o r t h e i m p r o v e m e n t o f v i s i b i l i t y : 3 0 k m / h , 5 0 k m / h Page 76 P o s i t i v e : · D e c r e a s e d n u m b e r o f c a r a c c i d e n t s d u e t o i m p r o v e d r o a d c o n d i t i o n s / s a f e d r i v i n g a n d r i d i n g · D e c r e a s e n u m b e r o f k i l l e d a n d i n j u r e d p e o p l e d u e t o i m p r o v e d r o a d c o n d i t i o n s · L o w e r d a m a g e t o h e a l t h d u e t o r e d u c t i o n o f a i r l l i b b i d i d P e r m a n e n t / L o c a l · P r o v i d e p e d e s t r i a n ’ s s i d e w a l k i n t h e r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a s ( e s p . i n v i l l a g e c e n t e r s , s c h o o l s , o u t s i d e o f c u r v e s , e t c . ) · R o a d p o l i c e t o p r o p e r l y c o n t r o l v e h i c l e s t r a f f i c t o m i n i m i z e r i s k o f r o a d a c c i d e n t s · R o a d s i g n s p o s t i n g w i t h i n d i c a t i o n o f s p e e d l i m i t s a l o n g t h e r o a d o u t o f s e t t l e m e n t s i n d e p e n d e n c e o f t y p e o f l a n d s c a p e - f l a t , h i l l y ; r o a d g e o m e t r y ( c u r v e d t u r n i n g s ) , e t c . · T o p l a n t t r e e s a l o n g t h e r o a d s ( a t a l l o w e d d i s t a n c e ) t o p r e v e n t e x c e s s i v e a i r p o l l u t i o n e s p e c i a l l y a l o n g r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a s · T o p r o v i d e t e l e p h o n e a n d o t h e r c o m m u n i c a t i o n f a c i l i t i e s a l o n g t h e r o a d t o i m m e d i a t e l y i n f o r m a b o u t a c c i d e n t , i f a n y · T o p r o v i d e r o a d t r a f f i c s i n g s w i t h i n d i c a t i o n o f d i s t a n c e t o m e d i c a l c e n t e r s / r e s t f a c i l i t i e s / n a m e o f s e t t l e m e n t s · T o o r g a n i z e p r o p e r l y p u b l i c t r a n s p o r t s t o p s t o e x c l u d e r i s k o f h u m a n a c c i d e n t s . A s p h a l t e d b u s s t a t i o n s h a l l b e o r g a n i z e d o f f s i d e t h e m a i n r o a d , p r o b a b l y a t a s i d e r o a d · I n s t a l l w a r n i n g f o r d r i v e r s a b o u t p e d e s t r i a n s o n t h e r o a d / Page 77 p o l l u t i o n b y c o m b u s t i o n g a s e s a s c o m p a r e d t o p r e v i o u s r o a d c o n d i t i o n s · L o w e r d a m a g e t o h e a l t h d u e t o d e c r e a s e d p o l l u t e d s u r f a c e r u n o f f t o a g r i c u l t u r a l l a n d s a s c o m p a r e d t o p r e v i o u s r o a d c o n d i t i o n s · I m p r o v e d c o m m u n i c a t i o n o p p o r t u n i t i e s b e t w e e n s e t t l e m e n t s / l o c a l r e s i d e n t s p r o v i d e f a c i l i t a t e s ( r o a d t r a f f i c s i g n s , r e g u l a t e d t r a f f i c l i g h t s ) f o r p e d e s t r i a n s t o c r o s s t h e r o a d · I n s t a l l s p e e d c o n t r o l d e v i c e s a l o n g t h e r o a d , e s p e c i a l l y a t t h e e n t r a n c e t o s e t t l e m e n t s , n e a r r u r a l s c h o o l , s c h o o l s , i f a n y S o c i a l / E c o n o m i c P o s i t i v e : · R e d u c e d v e h i c l e s o p e r a t i n g c o s t a s c o m p a r e d t o p r e v i o u s r o a d c o n d i t i o n s · I m p r o v e d a c c e s s t o s e t t l e m e n t s · I m p r o v e d a c c e s s t o l a b o r , g o o d s , l i v e s t o c k a n d o t h e r m a r k e t s · R e d u c e d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c o s t t o m a r k e t s · I m p r o v e d o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r b u s i n e s s a c t i v i t i e s · D e v e l o p m e n t o f e m p l o y m e n t a n d b u s i n e s s o p p o r t u n i t i e s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h r o a d o p e r a t i o n ( r o a d a s s o c i a t e d i n f r a s t r u c t u r e - s h o p s , b a r s , r e s t a u r a n t s ; s e l l i n g o f h o m e m a d e a r t i c l e s a n d h o u s e h o l d a g r i c u l t u r a l p r o d u c t s , e t c . ) · I n c r e a s e o f h o u s e h o l d i n c o m e · R e d u c e d t i m e n e e d e d t o r e a c h d e s t i n a t i o n p o i n t · I m p r o v e d a c c e s s t o h o s p i t a l s / h e a l t h c e n t e r s a n d e d u c a t i o n a l i n s t i t u t i o n s f o r r u r a l p o p u l a t i o n · I m p r o v e d a c c e s s t o r e c r e a t i o n s i t e s i n r u r a l a r e a · M o r e o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r t o u r i s m b u s i n e s s d e v e l o p m e n t ( e a s i e r a c c e s s t o c u l t u r a l , n a t u r a l a n d o t h e r h e r i t a g e s i t e s ) e t c . P e r m a n e n t / L o c a l Page 78 Page 79 Annex 13. Example of the environmental clauses for contract documents General · Notwithstanding other obligations, if, in the opinion of the Engineer, damage is being done to the environment by the Works under construction the Belavtodor environmental specialist or supervising engineer may instruct the Contractor to cease work immediately, or change the approach or method of work. · The Provisional sum, Item 110.20.7 in the Bill of Quantities, is for any work deemed to be required by the Engineer to remedy any unexpected environmental problems, or potential environmental problems, which may arise as a result of the Works. The Engineer may instruct either the Contractor, or a nominated Subcontractor, to carry out the work. · The Contractor shall ensure that full consideration is given to the control of environmental aspects, and that all provisions of the design and specification requirements relating to pollution of the environment, and protection of adjacent land and waterways, are complied with. Road works · Mobilization of heavy equipment to and from the site shall be carried out at time of lowest traffic on the routes used. · The Contractor shall use selected routes, as advised by the Engineer, and appropriately sized vehicles suitable to the class of road, and shall restrict loads to prevent damage to roads and bridges used for transportation purposes to the project site. The Contractor shall be held responsible for any damage caused to the roads and bridges due to the transportation of excessive loads, and shall be required to eliminate such damage to the approval of the engineer. · The Contractor shall not use any vehicles, either on or off road, whose exhaust or noise emissions are grossly excessive, and in any built up areas noise mufflers shall be installed and maintained in good condition on all motorized equipment under the control of the Contractor. · The Contractor shall limit construction works to between 6am and 10pm if it is to be carried out in or near residential areas. The Contractor shall also avoid the use of heavy or noisy equipment in specified areas late at night, or in sensitive areas. · To prevent dust pollution during dry periods the Contractor shall carry out regular watering of earth and gravel haul roads and shall cover soil haulage trucks with tarpaulins if the soil is dry. · Adequate traffic control measures shall be maintained by the Contractor throughout the duration of the Contract, and prior to any restriction being applied to two way traffic movement written permission must be obtained from the Engineer for the proposed traffic control measures to be used and for the length of time the restriction is proposed to be in place. · The Contractor shall install and maintain a temporary septic tank system for any camp established and ensure that this does not cause any pollution of nearby watercourses. The contractor shall also make the system inoperative and safe on completion of the contract and the removal of the camp. · The Contractor shall establish a method and system for storing and disposing of all solid wastes generated by the labor camp and/or the base camp. · The Contractor shall not allow the use of fuelwood for heating or cooking in any labor or base camp but shall provide alternate facilities using other fuels. Page 80 · The Contractor shall also ensure that storage areas for diesel fuel and bitumen, and asphalt plants, are not located within 500 metres of watercourses, and are operated so that no pollutants enter watercourses, either overland or through groundwater seepage, especially during periods of heavy rain. This will require lubricants to be recycled and a ditch to be constructed around the area with an approved settling pond/oil trap at the outlet. · The contractor shall not use fuelwood as a means of heating during the processing or preparation of any materials forming part of the Works. Earthworks-General · The Contractor shall not carry out any earthworks during the rainy season unless specific permission is obtained in writing from the Engineer or his representative for properly controlled earthworks at specific locations. · The Contractor shall maintain stable cut and fill slopes at all times and shall cause the minimum possible disturbance to areas outside the prescribed limits of the work. · The Contractor shall complete cut and fill operations to final cross-sections at any one location as soon as possible and preferably in one continuous operation and not leave partly completed earthworks, especially during the rainy season. · The Contractor shall ensure that any cut or fill slopes are planted in grass or other plant cover as soon as possible to protect them from erosion. · To prevent erosion cut off drains and toe-drains shall be provided at the top and bottom of slopes as shown on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer. Earthworks - Disposal of Surplus Material · Any spoil cut to waste, or material removed from drains, shall be disposed of to designated stable tipping areas as directed b) the Engineer, and separate items are included in the Bill of Quantities to allow for this. · Side tipping of surplus excavated material shall only be permitted where specifically allowed by the Engineer. · Before starting any earth-moving operation at any location the Contractor shall obtain the Engineer's approval of the areas he proposes to use as waste dumps. · Locations for waste dumps are not to be sites where they will cause future slides, interfere with agricultural land or any other properties or cause soil from the dump to be wasted into any watercourse. During may need to be dug within and around the waste dumps as directed by the Engineer and this, together with the proper placement of the spoil, should be allowed for in the cut to waste item in the Schedule of Quantities. The only item in the Schedule of Quantities paid for separately is the haul distance (m 3 times kms) to the waste dump directed by the Engineer. Bridge Works · During construction works, the Contractor should carry the full administrative and legal responsibility for any pollution of waters according to the existing legislation. · The Contractor will ensure that no oil products, fuel, paint or other harmful substances are introduced into the bridge drainage facilities. · The storage of wastes or production waste as well as the discharge of paint and other materials (mortar, corrosion inhibitors, and polymeric coating substance) onto open soils is prohibited. The Contractor will make all necessary arrangements to ensure that pollution of soils and groundwater will be avoided as far as possible. · The Contractor should follow all the existing laws and regulations concerning the noise control in bridge construction works, asphalt surfacing and drilling activities. The Contractor Page 81 shall elaborate and adopt effective measures both in management and technology to minimize noise if necessary. · The contractor will specify and follow mitigation measures to control any dust from the operation of equipment and/or bridge construction works. The Contractor will submit a plan indicating the proposed routes for material transport and make statements on the proposed method of dust control where transport through settlements or on the sea cannot be avoided. · Solid waste generated during the construction phase should be systematically collected, stored and disposed of in suitable locations identified and approved by the Project Manger and Supervisory Engineer. The Contractor should ensure that these sites (i) are not located within designated forest areas; (ii) do not impact the river or other natural drainage courses; and (iii) do not impact flora/fauna. · Construction debris should be removed from the site in an orderly manner and disposed off in accordance with the existing regulations. · Domestic waste from temporary construction camps shall be systematically collected and hauled to the designated areas in accordance with the relevant regulation. Page 82 A n n e x 1 4 . M o n i t o r i n g P l a n S t a g e I n d i c a t o r s t o b e m o n i t o r e d P l a c e o f m o n i t o r i n g M e t h o d o f m o n i t o r i n g T i m e o f m o n i t o r i n g P u r p o s e s o f m o n i t o r i n g C o n s t r u c t i o n · S u p p l y o f m a t e r i a l s ) A s p h a l t P l a n t A v a i l a b i l i t y o f a n o f f i c i a l p e r m i t o r v a l i d l i c e n s e f o r o p e r a t i o n A s p h a l t p l a n t O n - s i t e i n s p e c t i o n P r i o r t o c o m m e n c e m e n t o f w o r k s b ) S a n d a n d g r a v e l p i t s A v a i l a b i l i t y o f t h e c a r r i e r ’ s o f f i c i a l p e r m i t o r v a l i d l i c e n s e f o r o p e r a t i o n S a n d a n d g r a v e l p i t s o r p l a c e o f p u r c h a s e O n - s i t e i n s p e c t i o n P r i o r t o c o m m e n c e m e n t o f w o r k s ) – b ) c o m p l i a n c e o f t h e p l a n t t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n , h e a l t h p r o t e c t i o n a n d o c c u p a t i o n a l s a f e t y · T r a n s p o r t a t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n m a t e r i a l s ) a s p h a l t C a r g o s h o u l d b e c o v e r e d C o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e S u p e r v i s i o n P e r i o d i c c h e c k s d u r i n g t h e w o r k p r o g r e s s b ) c r u s h e d s t o n e C a r g o s h o u l d b e c o v e r e d C o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e S u p e r v i s i o n P e r i o d i c c h e c k s d u r i n g t h e w o r k p r o g r e s s ) s a n d a n d g r a v e l C a r g o s h o u l d b e c o v e r e d a n d m o i s t e n e d C o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e S u p e r v i s i o n P e r i o d i c c h e c k s d u r i n g t h e w o r k p r o g r e s s d ) t r a f f i c H o u r s a n d r o u t e s C o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e S u p e r v i s i o n P e r i o d i c c h e c k s d u r i n g t h e w o r k p r o g r e s s ) – d ) f o r e n s u r i n g c o m p l i a n c e o f w o r k s t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n , h e a l t h p r o t e c t i o n a n d o c c u p a t i o n a l s a f e t y , a n d f o r m i n i m a l t r a f f i c v i o l a t i o n · C i v i l w o r k s ) n o i s e i m p a c t o n l o c a l p o p u l a t i o n , w o r k e r s a n d f a u n a N o i s e l e v e l s ; e q u i v a l e n t a n d m a x i m u m n o i s e l e v e l s , e q u i p m e n t C o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e ; n e i g h b o u r i n g h o u s e s S o u n d - l e v e l m e t e r a n d n o i s e a n a l y z e r , i n s p e c t i o n N o n r e c u r r e n t f o r e a c h p i e c e o f e q u i p m e n t a t c o m m e n c e m e n t o f w o r k s a n d a t t h e r e q u e s t Page 83 b ) a t m o s p h e r i c a i r p o l l u t i o n c ) i m p a c t o n f a u n a C o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f p o l l u t i n g e m i s s i o n s : N o 2 , C O , f o r m a l d e h y d e i ) a s s i m i l a t i o n o f r a r e a m p h i b i a s p e c i e s ( n e w t s ) t o a l t e r n a t i v e w a t e r p o o l s t o b e a r r a n g e d b e f o r e c o m m e n c e m e n t o f c i v i l w o r k s C o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e a n d n e i g h b o u r i n g t e r r i t o r i e s A r e a s n e i g h b o r i n g t h e r o a d M e a s u r i n g V i s u a l l y M o n t h l y A n n u a l l y i n A p r i l - J u n e ) – k ) t o e n s u r e c o m p l i a n c e o f w o r k s w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n , h e a l t h p r o t e c t i o n a n d o c c u p a t i o n a l s a f e t y Page 84 d ) i m p a c t o n f l o r a i i ) r a t e s a n d d i r e c t i o n o f a m p h i b i a m i g r a t i o n s , n u m b e r o f f a t a l i t i e s d u r i n g a c c o u n t i n g p e r i o d , n u m b e r o f m i g r a t i o n c o r r i d o r s , i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f l o c a t i o n s o f r e p r o d u c t i o n i ) s t a t u s o f r a r e a n d e n d a n g e r e d s p e c i e s , a r e a c o v e r e d b y t h e p o p u l a t i o n , a b u n d a n c e o f s p e c i e s , r e p r o d u c t i o n c a p a c i t y , d a m a g e s a n d t y p e s o f d a m a g e s , r a t e o f v i t a l i t y i i ) s t a t u s o f f o r e s t v e g e t a t i o n , t y p e s o f d a m a g e s , a v e r a g e r a t e o f d e f o l i a t i o n i i i ) s t a t u s o f a q u a t i c a n d m e a d o w v e g e t a t i o n : a r e a c o v e r e d b y t h e p o p u l a t i o n , a b u n d a n c e o f s p e c i e s , r e p r o d u c t i o n c a p a c i t y , d a m a g e s a n d t y p e s o f d a m a g e s , r a t e o f v i t a l i t y A r e a s n e i g h b o r i n g t h e r o a d A r e a s n e i g h b o r i n g t h e r o a d A r e a s n e i g h b o r i n g t h e r o a d V i s u a l l y V i s u a l l y V i s u a l l y A n n u a l l y i n A p r i l - M a y a n d i n S e p t e m b e r A n n u a l l y i n J u n e - A u g u s t A n n u a l l y i n J u n e - A u g u s t ) – k ) t o e n s u r e c o m p l i a n c e o f w o r k s w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n , h e a l t h p r o t e c t i o n a n d o c c u p a t i o n a l s a f e t y Page 85 e ) n o r m a l t r a f f i c d i s t u r b a n c e d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k s A v a i l a b i l i t y o f t h e t r a f f i c c o n t r o l p l a n , r o u t e p l a n s C o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e a n d n e i g h b o r i n g t e r r i t o r i e s I n s p e c t i o n ; o b s e r v a t i o n P r i o r t o c o m m e n c e m e n t o f w o r k s ; o n c e a w e e k i n r u s h a n d n o n - r u s h h o u r s f ) r e s t r i c t e d a c c e s s f o r c a r r y i n g o u t o t h e r a c t i v i t i e s c l o s e t o t h e r o a d A v a i l a b i l i t y o f t h e a l t e r n a t i v e a c c e s s C o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e S u p e r v i s i o n D u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n g ) s a f e t y o f t r a n s p o r t f a c i l i t i e s a n d p e d e s t r i a n s i n t h e p e r i o d s w h e n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k s a r e n o t f u l f i l l e d T r a f f i c c o n d i t i o n s C o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e a n d n e i g h b o r i n g t e r r i t o r i e s I n s p e c t i o n O n c e a w e e k i n t h e e v e n i n g h ) w a t e r a n d s o i l p o l l u t i o n o w i n g t o i m p r o p e r s t o r a g e , u t i l i z a t i o n a n d d i s p o s a l o f m a t e r i a l s W a t e r a n d s o i l q u a l i t y ( s u s p e n d e d s o l i d s , f u e l s a n d l u b r i c a n t s ) D r a i n f r o m t h e s i t e , a r e a s f o r m a t e r i a l s s t o r a g e ; p l a c e s o f e q u i p m e n t w a s h i n g G r a v i t a t i o n ; o b s e r v a t i o n ; m o b i l e l a b o r a t o r y w i t h n e c e s s a r y e q u i p m e n t ( w a t e r a n a l y z e r ) D u r i n g s u p p l y o f m a t e r i a l s a n d c a r r y i n g o u t c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k s , e s p e c i a l l y d u r i n g p r e c i p i t a t i o n ( r a i n , s n o w , e t c . ) i ) w a t e r a n d s o i l p o l l u t i o n o w i n g t o i m p r o p e r w a s t e d i s p o s a l W a t e r a n d s o i l q u a l i t y ( s u s p e n d e d s o l i d s , f u e l s a n d l u b r i c a n t s ) D u m p a r e a s L a b o r a t o r y w i t h n e c e s s a r y e q u i p m e n t ( w a t e r a n a l y z e r ) ; o b s e r v a t i o n I n c a s e o f t e m p o r a r y w a s t e d i s p o s a l o n t h e s i t e , a n d a t t h e r e q u e s t j ) w a t e r a n d s o i l p o l l u t i o n o w i n g t o i m p r o p e r t e c h n i c a l W a t e r a n d s o i l q u a l i t y ( s u s p e n d e d s o l i d s , f u e l s a n d l u b r i c a n t s ) ; w o r k p r o c e d u r e s C o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e , a r e a s o f p l a n t a n d m a c h i n e r y L a b o r a t o r y w i t h n e c e s s a r y e q u i p m e n t ( w a t e r a n a l y z e r ) ; I n c a s e o f t e m p o r a r y w a s t e d i s p o s a l o n t h e s i t e , a n d a t t h e r e q u e s t Page 86 m a i n t e n a n c e a n d f u e l l i n g o f m a c h i n e r y m a i n t e n a n c e o b s e r v a t i o n k ) o c c u p a t i o n a l s a f e t y U s e o f p r o t e c t i v e e q u i p m e n t ( e y e g l a s s e s , m a s k s , h e l m e t s , s a f e t y b o o t s , e t c . ) ; p r o p e r t r a f f i c m a n a g e m e n t a n d c o n t r o l t o b y p a s s t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e C o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e I n s p e c t i o n P e r i o d i c c h e c k s d u r i n g t h e w o r k p r o g r e s s O p e r a t i o n · T r a f f i c i m p a c t a ) n o i s e b ) p o l l u t a n t e m i s s i o n s c ) w a t e r , s o i l a n d v e g e t a t i o n c o n t a m i n a t i o n d ) d a m a g e o f f o r e s t b e l t s N o i s e l e v e l s – d B ( A ) E m i s s i o n c o n c e n t r a t i o n s C o n t e n t o f h e a v y m e t a l s , o i l p r o d u c t s a n d o t h e r p o l l u t a n t s , p H I n d e x o f s t a t u s , p e r c e n t a g e o f d e f o l i a t i o n , N u m b e r a n d l o c a t i o n s o f R e s i d e n t i a l a r e a s R e s i d e n t i a l a r e a s , r i g h t - o f - w a y R i g h t - o f - w a y R o a d s i d e a r e a s R o a d M e a s u r e m e n t s M e a s u r e m e n t s L a b o r a t o r y a n a l y s i s o f s a m p l e s a n d p r o b e s V i s u a l l y S t u d y o f s t a t i s t i c s p r o v i d e d b y t h e S t a t e P e r i o d i c a l l y , c o m b i n e d w i t h t r a f f i c c o u n t i n g P e r i o d i c a l l y , c o m b i n e d w i t h t r a f f i c c o u n t i n g S e m i - a n n u a l l y A n n u a l l y a ) - e ) t o e n s u r e c o m p l i a n c e w i t h s t a n d a r d n o r m s a ) - e ) t o e n s u r e c o m p l i a n c e w i t h Page 87 e ) t r a f f i c a c c i d e n t s w i t h w i l d l i f e i n v o l v e d t r a f f i c a c c i d e n t s R o a d I n s p e c t o r a t e a n d l o c a l h u n t i n g s e r v i c e s A n n u a l l y s t a n d a r d n o r m s Page 88 88 Annex 15. Minutes on the EIA TORs public consultations Page 89 89 Page 90 90 Annex 16. Minutes of public consultations on the draft EIA&EMP report Page 91 91 Page 92 92 Page 93 93 Page 94 94