China /1V, National. Highway Project (Henan Section) The Proposed Luoyang-Sanmenxia Expressway Archaeological Survey Report Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology August, 1995 L <., V Tabl le of Contents No.of sheet The Proposed Luoyang-Sanmenxia Expressway Archaeologicatl Survey Report .-.. ...... 2 China Lianhuo National Highway Project (Henan Section) Luoyang-Sanmenxia Expressway Protection and Excavation of Cuturat Relics ---....-..----....-..---..---.. --.. -....2 I.Destrict of Imperial Mausoleums and Beimang Mountain Cemetery of Northern Wei Dynasty,Luoyang ...........----.2 1) Description ......................... . 2) Plans -........---..--...2 3) Exploration Profiles *-..--------..6 2.Shuiquangou Site, Mengj in County -.----. ---.. -.-...... -.--...2 1) Description-.: --.. --...1 2) Ptlans -.................. ---..-......-..1 3) Exploration Profiles -........--..1 3.1Huocun Village Site,Xinan County -.------.---..1.------. 1) Description . ......................; 2) Plans *------------------------------------------------- ..----- ..-..1 3) Exploration Profiles --.-----.-.-------..........1 4. Cemetery at Mujiangpu Village --...... -.-.------.-.--.-.1..I 1) Description. . --....---.... ......................................... 2) Plans -....-.... --....-..............-.....I 3) Exploration Profiles....1 5. Cemetery at Xiajiaao Village -.-.-.-l..1 1) Description ..1 2) Ptlans -..-..-..-....-.....-.... 1 3) Exploration Profiles -.-----------.---........1 6. Cemetery at Pailou Village -....-----......... -. -t..I 1) Description -......-----..------..-..----------...1 2) Ptlans .- .............................................I 3) Exploration Profiles .......................I 7. Chendongwa Craveyard in Xinan ----------... I 1) Description -.. --......-.... --.....1 2) Plans *-..--....--..--..-..------- ..........1 3) Exploration Profiles -.-----1..1 B.Xiayanggou Site, Xinan County ----.-.---.....1 1) Description -....-..-.....1 2) P lans. .--........--....-....-..-- .............. ---..--. 3) Exploration Profiles ..-.-.-.--.1..1 9.Goutoubel Cemetery, Xinan County -. -----.-.--. --1.I 1) Description ..........I 2) Plans .....................................................................1 3) Exploration Profiles ------ ..-.............. 1O.Jiacun Site,Yima City ..... --------------------.. ......-------- 2 1) Description............................................................-.. I 2) Ptlans *---.. ------..-..----......-....----....--..---.. ---.....-.....1 3) Exploration Profiles *-.......---.-----------.---......--.--.-.- - 1 l.1Lingtou Site at Xilingtou Viltage, Mianchi County............2 1) Description-............. ....................................................... 2) Plans .................................................................... 1 3) Exploration Profiles ..............................1 12.M4atouzhai Site,Mianchi County----------------------. . ................... 1) Description.................................................................... l 2) Plans *-----------------------.. -------..-----------..-..---..-..-..-.... 1 3) Exploration Profiles .................................................. . 1 13.Zhuchengcun Site,Mianchi County ------------------.. .--------------- 2 1) Description.................................................................. . 2) P lans ........................................----.-.-.---.-------------- - 1 3) Exploration Profiles .-..-..---....--.. -.... ---.. 2 14.Shilipu Cemetery, Shanxian County ............................... 1) Description ....... ... ................................................... 1 2) Plans -......--.1... 3) Exploration Profiles --....-----......-....-..-..--. --. -1..I 15.Lujiadian Site,Sanmenxia City......................................... . I -) Description ---............................................................ 2) Plans *-..-................................. 3) Exploration Profiles ..................................................... 1 16.Dajiaokou Site,Sanmenxia City......................................... . I I) Descriptimon .............................I....................................... 2) Plants ............................................................. I 3) Exploration l'rofiles ......................................................I 17.Shibangou Site at Sanmenxia City .................. . ...... 1) Description .- ............................................... 2) Plants *-..----..--....-----.----.-...........------.----------- 1 3) Exploration Profiles .----------------------------------------------------- 18.A Pataeolithic locality Zhaojiayuan at, Shanxian County--l1 I) Description.1 ......................................................l 2) Plans ...........................................................................- 3) Exploration Profiles .*------........-----..----------.----1 19. Cemetery at Dongchengcun VI llage, Shanxian County.......- 1 1) Description .-----..-..---.................. 1 2) Plans . -.. -.. --........-----..---.. -..-..---..--- 1 3) Exploration Profiles .*-..- ....------..-. 2 China Lianhuo National Highway Project (Hlenan Section) The Proposed Luoyang-Sanmenxia Expressway Archaeological Survey Report We,Henan Provinciat Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,as assigned by Henan Provincial High Grade Highway Construction Authority and Henan Prouincial Bureau of Cultural Relics,cooperated with Luoyang City Administration of Cultural Relics,Sanmenxia City Bureau of Cultural Retics,Cultural Relics Administrations of Mengj in County, the Surburb District of Luoyang, Xinan County,Yima City,Nianchi County,Shanxian County,Hubin District of Sanmeuxia City, organized and executed an archaeoalogical survey along the alignment of the above ptoject from December 1994 toFebruarYl995. On the basis of available information,the archaeological survey concentrated on 33 ancient. sites and graveyards where the expressway cuts through or passes nearby. The exploration covered an area of 1201650 square meters and found 10 ancient sites, totalling 115250 square meters>, 8 cemeteries inctuding 115 tombs; 35 -storage pits of different periods; 1 palaeolithic locality;wetI and stone tol manufacturing site of the Yangshao Culture and a large building foundation of the Warring States Period and Han Dynasties etc.. The area where the expressway ties is an extremely important ancient route(Yaohan Route) connecting Guanzhong plain and Huabei Plain and thus a battlefield of different periods. All kinds of cultural relics are abundant and valuable for the staty of the history of ancient war, transportation and culturat exchange. To reduce the damage which the construction wilt bring to cultural relics to a minimum, an archaeological excavation has to be carried out at ten percent important sites and cemeteries of above-mentioned, totalling 11500 square meters before the construction of the expressway.Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology is committed,in about 120 to 150 days,to the full completion of archaeological excavation after the land being acquired and prior to the actual commencement of the expressway works and will mobilize its manpower and resources corresponding to the task. Among the above-mentioned 33 cultural retics locatities,in the light of our investigatioanit is known that the following 7 sites are slightly far from the expressway and thus will not be injured during the construction.They are Suqin (a famous politician of the Warring States Period) tomb,Baizhuang site, Yinghao site,Xiashi walled town,Xiashi graveyard,Xiya site and Shij iagou graveyard. Even though Yanghe site, Anbeicun site, Nanwang site ,flekou site at Yima, Wuyaotou site and Xiaojiaokou site are stightly near to the expressway, however the archaeological drilling didn't expose cultural remains and the construction will, not cause damage. It should be pointed out that Zhaojiayuan pataeolithic locality,although without dritling,must be carried out in the future. The next is an discription of the explorations and the future work plan of the above-mentioned sites. China Lianhuo Hatioi Luoyang-Sanrmenxia Expressway Pro AD: Anno Domini BC: Bef ore Christ BP: Bef ore Present Roak of Protectijig Nos Sites Location Age Culttiral Retics Inperial Chaoyang Town, Western Mma, Historical Uonumen I Mlausolems Mengjin County Northern Val, Cultural Relics of Northern Tang dynast; City Protection Wei Dynasty K0-K3 KS-KB BC206 -AD907 Shuiqtiangou On the Eest of J4tun Yangshao and 2 Site , Nengjin County Erlitou Cultures Undecided K4-K4+500 BPsooo- -37?0 Huocun On tie West of Matun Longshan and Ian 3 Village Site , Mengjin County dynasty Cultures Undecided K1 -K10+400 BP4500 - -AD220 Cemetery at On the North of Mu- Ran dynasty 4 Mujianspu jiangpu Xin County Undecided Village K11--KiI BC206-- AD220 Cemetery at On the North of Xia- Song and Ming 5 Xiaj i aao ijaao,Xinan County dynasties indecided Village K19-4(gU AD960-- 1644 Cemetery at On the South of Ming dynasty 6 Pailon Paltou,Xinan County Undecided Village K25 + 5- 0--26 + 500 AD1360 - - 1644 Chendongwa On the North of Song dynasty 7 Craveyard Chendongwa Village Undecided in Xinan K2?+S500-K28+ f500 AD960- -1279 Xinyanggou Xiayangsou Village, Longshan Culture 8 Site, Xinan County Undecided Xinan County K23-423+ I80 BP4500--400 Goufoubei On the North of Warring States, 9 Cemetery, Goutou. Xinan County Ran dynasty Undecided Xinan County K38--K39 BC415---AD220 Jiacun Site, On the North of Jia- Yangshao and Historical Monuuxzz& 10 Yima City com Village,Yina City Longshan CuLtures Cultural Relics K54-K55 BP6000--2220 City Protection Lington Site Xitingtou VilLage, Yangshlo and Historical Monu:m:- 11 at Xitingtou Mianchi County Longshan CGltures Cuttural Relics VilLage K60+500"-60+600 BP6000--4000 County Protect'- Design: "- Highway Project (IHenan Section) ion and Excavation of Cultural Retics _____________ ~~~~~~~~~Page 1 Area of Higlhway Area of Expenses Organization of Schedule of Covering and Excavation Ten Thousand Protecting and Excavations Quantity of Site sSquare Meters) Yuan,RNB) Excavating 54 Ancient Luoyang Archaeological April to June, Tombs 1080 35.64 Team 1996 g0 days 25000 Nenan Provinclal April to Sept, Square Meters 2500 82:50 Institute of Cultural 1996 Relics and. Archaeology ]10 days 20000 Henan ProvIncial April to Sept, Square Meters 2000 66.00 Institute of Cultural 1996 Relics and Archaeology 180 days 3 Ancient Luoyang Archaeological Apri t 1996 Tombs, one 60 1.98 Team Modern Tomb 30 days 8 Song and Luoyang Archaeological May,1996 Ming dynasties 16 5. 28 Team Tombs 30 days 2 Ming dynasty Luoyang Archaeological June,1996 Tombs, 40 1.32 Team 4 Modern Tombs 30 days 13 Ancient Hlenan Provincial April,1996 Tombs 260 8.58 Institute of Cuiltural Relics and Archaeology 30 days 9000 Henan Provincial April to May, Square Meters 900 29.70 Institute of Cultural 1996 Relics and Archaeology 60 days 10 Ancient Henan ProvinciaL May,1996 Tombs 200 6.60 Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology 30 days 15000 Henan Provincial ApriL to July, Square Meters, 1500 49,.SO Institute of Cultural 1996 5 Storage Pits Relics and Archaeology 120 days 2750 ienan Provincial June,1996 Square Meters, 275 9.075 Institute of Cultural one Kiln Relics and Archaeology 30 days 'rovincial institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Time: August,1959 China Lianhuo Nationc Luoyang-Sarmenxia Expressway Pro AD: Anno DOmini BC: Bef ore Christ BP: Before Present Rank of Protecting Nos Sites Location Age Culturat Relics M.touzhai On the South of Yangshao Culture. HisLorical Monumen 12 Site, Matouzhai Village, Norlhern dynasty CltlUral Relics Nianchi Miiuachi County BP6000- -5000 County Protect; County K69--K69+ 200 AD420-581 Zhuchengcun On the South of Zhu- Warring States, Historical Monumen 13 Site,ianchi cheng,Mlanchi County Northern dynasty Cuttural Relics County K69-.K71+075 BC47S--ADSOI County Protecki' Shilipu Ce- On the East of Shi- Ban dynasty 14 metery,Shan- lipu,Shanxian County Un-declded xian County K100+10D-KJOO+500 BC206 - -AD220 Luljiadian On the Southeast of Yangshao and Longsha Historical Nonun 15 Site Sanmenxia County CtltureiZhou dynasty Cuttural ReLics _lll--KIl+300 BP6000--2500 City ProtecV. Dajiaokou on the Southeast of Yangshao Culture Historical Nonuam 16 Site Samuenxia County Cultural Relics K1134350--51O BP6000--5580 City Protec- Shibangou On the Southeast of Yangshao and Historical Nonun 17 Site Smaenxia City Longshan Cultures Cultural Relics K114+400-600 BP6000- - 4000 City Protec - PalaeoLi thic On the East of Zhmwo- Middle to Late Historical Nonun- Locality jiaynan to Zhangwan, Pataeolithic Cultural Relics le Zhaojiayua Shanxian County BP160000-5G0B0 County Protec" at Shanxian KI2S+900-.K126+100 Cemetery at On the North of Dong Han dynasty Historical Nonu*--. 19 Dongchengcum cheng,Shanxian Co" BC206 - -AD220 Culttural Relics Village K131+500s-K132+500 County Prote(-- TotaL Design: I- Righway Project (Henan Section) --Ion and Excavation of Cutural Relics Page 2 Area of Highway Area of Expenses Organization of Schedute of Covering ant Excavation (Ten Thousand Protecting and Excavations Quanti ty of Sites (Square Neters) Yuan, RNB) Excavating 3 3 Storage Pits Henan Provincial JuLy, 1996 141 4.653 Institute of Cultaral Relics and Archaeotogy 30 days 32000 Square Henan Provincinl April to Sept,. HNeters,3 Kitns 3500 115.50 Institute of Cultural 1996 10 Ancient Tombs Relics and Archaeology 1i0 days 3 Ran dynasty Sanmenxia April, 1996 Tombs, 200 6.60 Archaeologicat Team 2 Ash Pits 30 days 3500 Sanmenxia May, 1996 Square Meters, 350 11.55 Archaeological Team 5 Ash Pits 30 days - 5000 Sanmenxia April to May, ) Square Meters 500 16.50 Archaeological Team 1996 69 d1ays * 3000 Saenanxia June, 1996 )Square Meters, 300 9.50 Archaeological Team 5 Ash Pits 30 days 13000 Meters Henan Provincial April to Sept, Long Loess 650 21.45 Institute of Cultural 1996 Section Relics and Archaeology 180 days 10 Ancient Sanmenxia July,1996 1Toubs, -200 6.60 Archaeological Team A Storage Pits 30 days 14816 488.928 vincial institute of Cultural Relics ant Archaeology Time: August,1995 I.Destricts of Imperial Amusoleums and Beimang Cemetery of Norther:i We! Dynasty, Luoyang Known as the capital of nine dynasties,. Luoyang is one of the seven great ancient capitals in China. A large number of high officers, more than ten emperors and their relatives of Eastern Han and Northern Wei Dynasties were buried on Mang mountain, several miles to the north of Luoyang City. Now, several hundreds of the earth-mound are standing in this region. As a result of cooperating with capital constructions, a large number of ancient tombs have been discovered by archaeology and cultural relics organizations over years. During the construction of Zhengzhou--Luoyang section of Lianbuo National Hihgway in 1991, Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Luoyang Archaeoloical Team discovered 133 tombs of different petiods form western Han to Song Dynasties on the highway to the east of Chaoyang , Mengj in County and obtained large numbers of potteries and procetains, epitaphs, three-color-glaze Tang ware and pottery figurines of musicians and dancers. In 1994, Mengjin county Archaeologicat DrilLing Team surveied and excavated the construction area of Luoyang Glass Production Group and found 31 tombs of different periods from Han to tang Dynasties, 22 tombs of modern period. Lianhuo National Highway is just passing through the south slope of the mausoleum of xiaowen( Chang Mausoleum ), an emperor of Northern Wei, Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology drilled two sections of the highway(KO-K3;K5-K8) and discovered 54 ancient tombs to a depth of 5-10m. Most of them are brick-chambered tombs and cavechamber tombs. They reflect the burial cumtoms of different periods from Western Ban(206BC--24AD) to Tang Dynasties(618--907AD). Anarchaeological excavation must be conducted before the commencement of works. The unearthing area is about 1080 square meters,and the fund is about 356400 Yuan, RMB. The excavation will last 90 days from April. to June 1996, under the sponsor of Luoyang ArchaeologicaL Team. ...J....-- .- 9 4c~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' 4'4 o q~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o ; I -~~~~~~~~~............. I. / I : No< t* - ,7z, As *~~~~~L 20~ o-- 6~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. -013~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I ..........d le n an N un *~ em~ .........../ N AL. j-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S a.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 -~~~~~2a- '~ Iz~c- ~ K?~r 2L{'. I in~~~~~~ U - I AA .. I . * T I I a~~~~~~~ I 1, ~.. a. II.. is. . I . Ptan and Profile of the !Archaenlogidal SurvY ' Mausotleus and Beimang Mountain Cemetery in t Ci the drilting area; vqIL the drilling area; 0 7A- the (iqh the~~~~ drlln area;.. n-strict of Imperial '-I Wei Dynasty,Luoyang pt5w Ji- 146 _ : ~vcr _1 i i IJ -~~~~~~~~ 3 I s 3 4 0 I., ,~~~~~~~~~~~. the drilling area; the drilling area; .7. D t ihe ctitvated soil layer 0 *, the light yellow sail aYIZr i aihe iTisjr.vy spii laer Ia SS~ M~~~~~~L i T~~~~~~~~~~~G I,1 . . I I - I I - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~11 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 I~~~~~-t I 1 7,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ the drilling area; U Mllo1 the drilling area; 0 * t w :he pnull ivthed soii I Ulef _ 0 X . L line light a e o i stsil layer 0. t h ke primary suil tayer the drilling area; the drilling area; @ % t SF~U ihi. 1lIishttyelo soil i;,>et @ t AcS s,i Sae I Isol laye.r .~ihe jprigary souil Laye.r I I I 1 1 K a tn a a I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ r Y I l la-s-selaicki suili ts err - -2 M terra allga tayer I P the dri I ling area; the drilling area; ZD ,x, ,:*Av the. :u Iiva Iedl _ .~ _ime i~the WU% * '7 th - thLc atioi S ;.,, ., ; t.z heupzii.ary sio I ~II I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I A a~~ - - t ~I I II m Dy11 I~~~~ z~~~~C ~ I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ --I--I-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 'a - S I I I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3 .3 .1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n N ~ ~ ~ 9 s7 [lii1 Ti, 11 the drilling area; the drillitng area: 0 T t- t- =, Ihe allli'ial ts:;elaikd r'Iu lav(er 0 N .t tIhe aitavial terrn alha lntpr * g- r ' .Q ther pri3ry S1i I l:yter I. 0 0) I-i - I J... - if Li ..- 1- - - C - B. T - ___ o - - La - 4-' - '. -C - - ' is - - I - - ., A b. C.. B. C.. .5 - - - a if if S. - - 'if U  - )I 4: 4 S .4 ==l I I I I s "4 I I I I . I 6,: ing area; ~aa 2 1431 I. I nvern ,satled sni ! laver * 1?4 . 1C1.:1 So In yer 1.1 r 3" l vJ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ , a 3 2 P b ?~~~~~~~- V~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I _3e~~~~~~~~~9 ,, 2 - b3U; tro the dr i 1t Ii ng area; i CP~~~~V _ el t t ~~~~,R: l attt ° 4 jim',3!' s : }e:tl; a a 4 1 I I I ,,I . . 6 . I 2.Shuiquangou Site, Mengjin County The site ties to the west of Shuiquangou Village, in Matun Town, Mengjin County. The poles are from k4 tok4+500, about 5,000 metres long. Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology drilled the site where the proposed expressway passes, covering an area of 25,000 square metres from January 6 to 26, 1995. The stratum is composed of: a). the first layer-the soft cultivated soil to a depth of 0.20--0.40m. b). the second layer-the hard tight yellow soil to a depth of o.60-1.50m, containing fragments of bricks, tiles and potsherds of Han Dynasty. c). the third layer-the soft grey soil to a depth of 0.60-0.80m, containing the potsherds of Erlitou Culture. b). the forth layer-the hard brown grey soil to a depth of o.40-0.50m, containing the fragments of painted pottery and burnt clay of Yangshao Culture. e). the fifth layer-the primary soil layer. Throuth the drilling, the storage pits and the building foundation as well as the cultural deposits belong to Yangshao and Erlitou Cultures were found between centre of SHuiquangou Village and pole NO.K4 to k4+500,totalling 50Dm tong. A great quantity of cultural relics scatter on the surface of the site. The collected articles include: pottery urns with raised strips, pottery jars impressed cord pattern, i-tripods, pottery basins with basket pattern,the fragments of painted pottery, shell implements,stone axes,stone sickles and so on.lt is clear that the date of this site is from late Yangshao Culture (5000-4500BP) to Erlitou Culture(4000--3700BP).An archaeological excavation must be conducted before the commencement of works. The unearthing area is about 2500 square meters,and the fund is about 825000 YuanRI4B. The excavation will Last 180 days from April to Sept 1996, under the sponsor of Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology. .7 v 4 .,.'' I,Lv L]~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .E ....... f~~~inJo Shuiquanlgou village I I ., IJ Js 1: j0oca seale of tile plmn scale of thme prefiLe ,Or_D 0D the cultivated soil Layer .D t- < *ht light yellow soil Laver D I h. tle grey soil la)te I * * -P the brown-grey.soil ltyer 0 V- A. - the PriuaNr soil layer ogical Survey of Shuiquanigou Site, Mengjin County - a V ope of the site T~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * \ ~~~~~- r----- . S~ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ -- in 6~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ _ t~~~A 3i,5 at 2 e -irn anid Profile of the Archaeological Survey of Shuiquangou Site, HengjiIn County \CoI!e of the site _____________________________________________ 0 -L = - l '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' II II o _ j ,,0 .. . . - I~~~~ a' a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3. Iluocun Site, Mengj in County Huocun site,situated at Huocun 1st Brick works and southwest of Huocun village,was drilled from kID to klO+400 with total 400m long,covering an area of 2000 square metres by Henan provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology from January 10 to 28,1995.The stratum is composed of: a). the first layer--the soft loess layer to a depth of 0.90m, containing the cultural relics after Han Dynasty. b). the second layer--the hard light lness to a depth of 0.80m,containing a number- of fragments of bricks,tiles and potteries of Han Dynasty. c). the third layer--the soft grey soil to a depth of 0.60m, containing fragments of burnt clay and potsherds of Longshan Culture. d). the forth layer--the primary soil layer. The.proposed expressway just cuts through the centre of the site.The surface layer surrounding the area of the pole NO K10+200 has been removed by Huocun 1st Brick Works. A largequantity of those articles like hollow bricks,tiles and building foundations as welt as a perfect bowl have been discovered on the surface of the site.A storage pit of Longshan Period was also found about 20m away from the pole NO.KA10+200.1t is a circle with 1.60m in diametre and contains pottery jars,basins and cups. The date of the site with rich cultural layers and abundant remains is from Longshan Period (4500--4000BP) to Han Dynasty (206BC--220AD).lt provides many important clues to understanding of ancient culture in this area.An archaeological excavation must be counducted before the construction of the expressway. *The unearthing area is about 2000 square meters,and the fund is about 660000 Yuan,RMB. The excavation will last 180 days from April to Sept 1996, under the sponsor of Henan -Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology. Ld'A~~~~~.1 47~~~~~~~~~~~7 Cluocunit age G I~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~2 OA * ~~44 I e r r X ,~~~~~~~~~~ _ . . ._ = r 1 th' * ."ult 1. :L..g^ i v.... I l 'lki lt: i)fltlu VI Ilage 1'i Let, X.............2ilLilL C4JtaIIlt' .;Wuri- %.I ttlle .ile 11.1.1LwJ I II.iga@ _u _ - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 5D ^ 11¢ '¢1eb bii ilwfZ _ .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ D --. L tIl i ht ge i subi I 1 ir .-r ______________________________e_a______ tJhe uzey sui I l;)er * 9. :- .E d1at j.iary se; I::r 4. Cemetery at Mujiangpu Vittage The site is located on the north of M4ujiangpu village, 8.5km to the east of Xinan county Town. Some tombs and tomb accessories of Han Dynasty have been found successively by the villagers in past years. To cooperate with the -construction of the proposed expressway,Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology drilled an area between pole NO.K17 and KIB from December 1994 to January 1995 and found 3 brick-chambered tombs of Han Dynasty and one pit tomb of modern period. It is necessary to excavate the 3 Han tombs(206BC-220AD) before the commencement of works. The unearthing area is about 6b square meters,and the fund is about 19800 Yuan,RMB. The excavation will last 30 days in April, 1996, under the sponsor of Luoyang Archaeological Team. --~~~1 - 322.0 iu -~ iS. 1 42~~~~~~~4 n it 229 2.- S0 2 . 2 5 4 2 3 1 49~~~~~~4 . 2s0 . 24 7.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2 3.- 7 t I I I I IN gx I 0 - X t - ~~~~~~~~~~~~.731 74 -v lp 9 : p an antt I'-i,fir ,fr tk Mrh:imI r! l ~'jrveej lif th' r;r' .a:cI at Miajisaa11;, , mx~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~w tkrlI OriIn arg 9 ^'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I t1 MS~~~~~~~~~~~~" thr: '-i l l inI i!- nI3 9^7 p~~~~~~ I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I I1 I- V.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S em b.Cemetery at Paitou Village The site ties on the south of Pailou Village, about 2km north of Xinan County Town.According to the Annals of Xinan County,graveyard of the family of Luweiqi,a president of the board of war in Ming Dynasty, was located in this region.ln 1980s,one brick-chambered tomb was discovered here. The tomb-stone unearthed in this tomb shows that the occupant of -the tomb is just one of descendants of Luweiqi. Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology carried out the drilling in the area between pole NO.K25+500 and K26+500 from December 1994 to January 1995. As a result,2 tombs of Ming Dynasty (1368-1644AD) and 4 tombs of modern history were found here. Since the tombs of Ming dynasty have important academic value,it is necessary to make an excavation before the construction of the expressway. The unearthing area is about 40 square meters,and the fund is about 13200 Yuan,RMB. The excavation will last 30 days in June, 1996, under the sponsor of Luoyang Archaeological Team. N *-~~~' %-.d~~~- AR t 0' -l!.jc **,* A: ~~~~ ~~I -- ..Z ,ILS ItoI' 3161~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~s 332.2~~~~~~~* 35. -07 ->- 6.2~~~~~~~~~6 N N. rche,I ~~~~~~~ 332.2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.4 I I r~bk . u~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - *~ mE- ** I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ t~~~S :, X,ls * ' ' '~~~~~a1 I'!.1m aind Profi IC '41 th4o .Archa,nlllgical 'u.rvo'P rif the Gra-vfardI at Fai mu. the dtrilling i rlg rtm~~~~~~~~~~~~1 IQ thio dtbi lI i 1i !i] '' 0 I 2 ~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r > r: i Is, I I I . , ; #. . 7. Chendongwa Graveyard in Xinan The graveyard is situated between Chendongwa and Xiasong Vi I Lages 2.5km. To the northwest of Xinan County. Lianhuo Kational Highway is lying on the-south slope of Beiling where loess is very deep and is available for tomb builtding.In December of 1994,Luoyang Archaeological Team excavated a fresco-walled tomb of the Song Dynasty on the seat to the east of Xiasong village(lt is supposed to be transfered to Luoyang Ancent Tomb Museum). In cooperation with the construction of the expressway, Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and ArchaeoLogy explored an area from K27+500 to K28+500,and found 13 tombs of the Song(?)Dynasty(960- 1279AD) in December 1994 and January 1995. An archaeological excavation must be undertaken after the land being acquired and prior to the actural commencement of the expressway works. The unearthing area is about 260 square meters,and the fund is about 85800 Yuan,RMB. The excavation will last 30 daysin April, 1996, under the sponsor of Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology. ---- ----------------- -.'. tug *(~~~~~~~~~~~-38' -) 1 /~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4. ,~~A~SK *.2' x5r 3~ ~ ~~~~~* ~<.; 3'.,~~~~~~~~ * .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~8i -50 --.tLz 7 -310.3 343.1~~~I . 181 =C3 f4 a Ub1CZU~~~~~~~~~all a"A IV - 0m . I I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ['la', mid Prieri o rift the A@rchs.ae1l]gi'C'1 Sur've- iuf the Gravewnrd at Cheindrongwa Yi,'an Cow the drilling area the drillinlg area ME m9 - D I h , a b I tu i a I f9 £_t $~ ihe priunty 51111 K 2 M= MIP~~~~~~~~~~~ - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 3 "I~~~~~~~~~~~~-I ,_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~P rS '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 01 r @ I Inver- _ . .-0 It IhIPvr - IM ' I layer - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Z - :5m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 8.Xiayanggou Site,Xinan County The site is situated on the terrace to the southeast of Xiayanggou vittage,Xinan County Town. lith ditches an Its east and nortThside,poles from K23 to K23+180 are standing on the site.Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology conducted an archaeological dritling at this site from Febrary 6 to 26,1995,covering an area of 9000 square meters. The stratum is composed of: a). the first layer--the cultivated soil layer to a depth of 0.3Dm. b). the second layer--the cultural layer with a depth of 1.OOm, of light yellow soil,containing fragments 6f pottery bricks and tites of the Han Dynasty. c). the third layer--the cultural layer with a depth of 0.50m,of loose grey soil,containing burned clay and potsherds of tne Longshan culture. Fifteen meters to tne north of the central pole, surrounding cave houses of the viltage,cultural deposit and storage pits of the Longshan Culture have been found Grey potsherds with basket and cord impressions were collected from the surface of the site.It is certain that this site belonged to Longshan Culture(4500-4000BP).An archaeological excavation must be carried out after the land being acquired and prior to the actual commencement of works. The unearthing area is about 900 square meters,and the fund is about 2970D0 Yuan,RMB. The excavation will last 61 days from April to Nay 1996, under the sponsor of Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology. (1 cii ~~~~ '~sLZ I~~~~~~~ ED A- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ loBuh g1~~t ~ 1 62. 5-'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~IT age~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1. 'I Ni1 'K. ~~~~~~~~ A~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3 31~ ' ~I 9.Goutoubei Cemetery,Xinan County The cemetery is situated Ikm north to Goutou Village, Tiemen Town,Xinan Courty. A number of ancient tombs have been found successively during past years.In May of 19B6,xinan County Cultural Relics Administration made a archaeological drilling at the construction area of Luoyang Cement Factory where the expressway lies nearby and excavated eight tombs of the Warring States Period and the Qinhan Dynasty (475BC--220AD).Cultural ':emains like pottery pots and bronze arrowes were found during the excavation. From December 1994 to January 1995,in cooperation with the construction of the expressway,Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology explored an area from K38 to K39,the stratigraphical sequences are as follows: a). the first layer--the cultivated soil with a depth of 0. 50m. b). the second layer--the alluvial loess layer with a depth of 1.40-1.50m. c). the third layer--the primary layer with a depth of 1. 20 - - 1.30m. Ten ancient tombs to a depth of 2. 90-3.8Bm were discovered during the drilling. Being catatombs,their passages are usually larger than the chambers. It must be excavated before the construction of the expressway. The unearthing area is about 200 square meters,and the fund is about 66000 Yuan,RMB. The excavation will last 30 days in May, 1996, under the sponsor of Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology. Mlrvey of Xiayanggou Site, Xinan County di tch -~4G8 -g.t . 78 p _________--_-__I_______________ the cultivated soil layer -~~~~~~~ 0 ;.. 9 .| .* the Light yellow soil layer _ 0 t; 'i5 the grey soil Iayer % t ' -t the primary soil layer Ptan and Profile of the Archaeologica l K 116 x7 & e scope of -the site_ A erM- _ ____-_____-__( __D _ a..~~~-. k ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 2 , * _d, - -' / , I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r ~~~cI~~~~~~\ ~~~~~ I~~I I I*5~w. 3 I ~~~~ ~~1 , I'a~~~~~I-.-. o~s,5. I --. { r~~~~~~~~~. J\SZLJ >v~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 eqnolnoo~ ~ ~~~ N _ ~ . IS1 mr ?4*.~~. a1'4,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 =.& i. 7 ; ..- -. o __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ M,1 ,2j-; * * t - _ :~~~~~~ rI !v frT lr- -P ,Sr * 1b 6 K 3 I !n, l .u-i'il I'PH,Mr!1 nf ttiI !Arrhar' l-''i -a! . :lrvPe of the Gravr;ard at Goivti, B~~~ rA the dri!; f tlI rt 1, U~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ____ I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ________ V.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I I I I I' r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I 10. Jiacun Site,Yima City The site ig located on the seat between Jiacun and Fucun VilLages,bKi to the northwest of Yima City.Being a city-levet cultural relics preservancy unit,it is cut through by the expressway from its center.From. December 2 to Z1,1994,Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeotogy and Yima Bureau of Cultural Relics made a survey at the site.The result is as follows: The site consists of southern and nortern parts.The area north to Jiacun Village is mainly of the Yangshao Culture, where as the area southeast to Fucun Village is abundent in Longshan Culture.Between the abeve-mentioned areas are cuttural remains of the Yangshao,Longshan and the Zhou Dynasty.A Large quantity of culture relics such as pottery fragments and stone toots can be found on the surface.They include cemamic guan-pot,ding-tripod,painted pan-basin,red bo-bowl,double lips and small moush ping-bottle with a pointed bottom of the Yangshao Culture,guan-pot, li-tripod with basket or cord patten of the Longshan Culture and some grey pottery with cord patterns of the Zhou Dynasty.The stone tools consist of shovels and half-finished tools etc..On the section,some storage pits of both Yangshao and Longshan Cultures could be seen.The largest,with 1.70m in diameter and 5m in depth,and with some pottery sherds of Yangshao Culture in it,could be a well of Yangshao.Within an area of 1000 square meters,the drilling has exposed the following cultural sequences: a). the first layer--loose yellow-brown soll with a depth of 0.20-0.30D,containing some modern porcelian fragments and pottery sherds and stone tools of Yangshao, Longshan and the Zhou Dynasty. b). the second layer--the cultural layer with a depth of 0.30 - - 0.40m,of slighty hard yellow-brown solL,containing pottery tile with cord pattern of the Zhou Dynasty. c). the third layer--the cultural layer with a depth of 0.30--0.60m,of loose grey-brown soil,containing pottery sherds with basket pottern of Longshan Culture,and red pottery fragments of Yangshao Culture. d). the fourth layer--the cultural layer with a depth of 0. 40--0.50m of hard brown soil,containing red pottery sherds of the Yangshao Culture. e). the fifth layer--primary layer, of red-brown soil, containing no cultural remains. The site is about 300m long, covering an area of 15,000. square meters.Under the first and the second layers,5 storage pits varying in size have been found. According to the investigation, it is known that cultural remains of Yangshao, Longshan and the zhou Dynasty (600bBP--2220BC) are abundent in this area.The finding of the well of Yangshan is especially important for the study of enviroment, climate and the relationship between people and enviroment of that period. A great deal of half-finished stone tools refect the development of agriclture and toot manufacture of Yangshao and Longshan. An archaeological excavation must be carried out before the construction of the expressway. The unearthing area is about 1500 square meters,and the fund is about 495000 Yuan,R4B. The excavation will last 120 days from April to July 1996, under the sponsor of Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology. II .. *~:*Y%~ UI~.!j.K,~ i* ,f q ~ '~J...4¸- ' -[V~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r .ini '~~~~~~~~~~\./q % \I ~~~~~~~~~~~~ * - I J~~~~~~~~~4 - 1. 1 .~~~~~~~~~~~~~- - ~~~~48 L -IL 'VI~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S &~~~~~~~~~~~~~au * 166.1~~~~~~42 556.11 -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 19 - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 5712~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2. - A'K6CA. - I I~~~~1----- ------ -~ ~ ~ 6SSL 14~~~~~~~~~1. N - intJl) 1: 10-0 0D 0 Ihie theli tivaled soiI layer. |1 CD :V - the pri-arly soi.t tayer P.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .-fAI 0t vD Im - 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ p I I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I 10 I,I - to .I~~~~ _ ON.~~~~~~~~~~~~O% i~~~~~ r~ scope of the site NI~~~ H3) 4 - - - - - - ITT -o -g u *. a.4 a -. I U- Cr, .- -I '. . .. - p. g Pt I,  U  VI, * I., '1 i, "'I --5 -' asA Plan and P. I im~~~~~~~~ It' - _ . 0.1 0 _a e of the Archaeotogica1 .survey of Jiacun Site.Yima City the driIling area. ! v er ± J e ct Ij' t va i so l yler * _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -jit laver: time cult,zraL layers @ , :yer: lhe primary soil layer 0 : I II.Lingtou Site at Xitingtou Viltage, I4ianchi County With total area of 40,000 square metres, the site is located on the southwest of Xilingtou Village, 3km northwest of Mianchi County Town. It was first discovered in 1978 and was classified as a county-level cultural relics conservancy unit in 1980s. From the section of the west of the village, 1-3 metres deep cultural deposits with storage pits and kilns can be observed. A great deal of cultural remains including fragments of red pottery jars,. bowls, li-tripods, basins, stone axes, chistes and animat bones of Erlitou Culture have been collected during the investigation. Since the expressway is lying on the southern edge of the site, Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Mianchi County Administration of Culturat Relics jointly explored this site from December 5 to 28,1994. The explorative drilling was carried out from C166 pole toward west and covered an area of 5,000 square metres. The cultural accumulation consists of: a). the first layer-the soft yellow brown cultivated soil to a depth of 0.20--0.30m, containing plenty of fragments of porcelain and tiles of modern period and potsherds of Erlitou Culture. b). the second layer-the soft grey brown soil to a depth of o.20--lm, containing ash, burnt clay and potsherds of the Erlitou Culture. c). the primary-the hard red brown soil, containing no cultural remains. A kiln, 3m In diametre, 1.40m in width and 0.7Dm In depth, can be seen from the section of the ditch where the expressway cuts through. After the exploration, it is confirmed that the site contains abundant remains of Erlitou Culture(4000-37008P). And is of great academic value. An archaeological excavation must be undertaken before the construction of the expressway. The unearthing area is about 275 square meters,and the fund is about 97500 Yuan,RMB. The excavation will last 30 days in June, 1996, under the sponsor of Henan Provincial Institute of CuLtural Relics and Archaeology-. 0 .~~~~~M. ': 44 *52* SU.3~~~~~~~~ 16 UIA~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3.0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1. ist~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~a '-~~~~~~~~~~~~'R N I j S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ f-i.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C ~~~~OAI~~~~~~ Q\q n' Is -- p- ~~~~~~~~~~~ I. C~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 a4 S.- - US~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I -S .~~~~~~~~~~~ I~~~t -.. p ~ ~ ~~~ ( ~~~ I~~ *j~~~**1o..ii~~~~~~*~~.'i*.c.~~4 N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~a U ..-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 PA W Plan and Profile of the Archaeologi 4, U. s It scope of thw-site- DMP3 LeI _ __ _ _ _ _ - _ W Lo t - I~~~~ ' F a ¢ , I "e~~~a V 8 e 8 ~~~~~~~~I CD g > X ~~~~~~~~~I I .. 8; ,, I ;** o * 0 8 12.Matouzhai Site, Mianchi County The site, covering an area of 200,000 square metres, about IDOOm long from east to west, 200m wide from south to north and with 2m depth of cultural deposits, lies to the north and northwest of Matouzhai Village, 4.5km west of Mianchi County Town. The site was first discovered in 1978 and was classified as a county-level cultural relics conservancy unit in 198s.Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Mianchi County Administratiao of Cultural Relics Jointly carried out the survey on the site where the expressway is lying from December 2 to 25, 1994. The deposits in the eastern part of the site belong to Yangshao and Longshan Cultures and the top of the cultural Layer was destroyed by village walls. A large quantity of. cultural relics of Yangshao and Longshan Cultures scattered on the site surface, such as ding-tripods, jars, basins, and bowls potsherds with basket pattern and animal bones. Singal urn burial was also found on the section of the ditch. It is said that a number of neolithic burials and burial accessories used to unearthed during house counstruction. It shovs that this site is mainly occupied by the Yangshao Culture(M0DD--150DBP), while tongshan Wltuure (4500--4000BP) is not abundant. The deposits in the western part of the site inctines to west. Many tomb bricks of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the fragments of pottery urns, jars, basins and tiles with textile impression of Song Dynasty(960-1279AD) scatter on the surface of the roadside. We conducted the drilling in an area of total 325m long around C186 pole where the expressway is cutting throungh. The stratum is composed of. a). the first layer-the soft yellow brown cultivated soil to a depth of 0.20-0.30m, containing red potsherds of Yangshao Culture, potsherds of Northern Dynasties and fragments of bricks, tiles of modern period. b). the second layer-the primary layer. Three storage pits were found on the top of this layer. Since this region was a important pass of Xiaohan, an ancient route and a battle field in Song Dynasty,this site is of great academic value. It is necessary to carry out the archaeological excavation before the construction of the expressway. The unearthing area is about 141 square meters,and the fund is about 46530 Yuan,R4B. The excavation will last 30 days in July, 1996, under the sponsor of Benan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology. '~~~~~~ '\ -~~~~~~~~~~~~rss / aLts,~~~~~~I WC i'd,~~~~~~~~i . ......... I J-4~~~~51.0 5~~~5 S *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S4 S31~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 4.6~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 53.4A 543A -5324~~~~~~~~-58 HS32 -~~~-.~~' [ I / -6 I . - z9c ~ -e Pl4an and Prof i le of the Archaeological St the drilling - --so ofi A ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 3 *I 4-_ ___ __\ . .O fW~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ of Ma zhai Site, Iianchi County _ /X/Y l ~~~~~~~~~zaf sij :I }: .~~~~~ S 5 ts ii w; tJ~~~~~ 1:1.. 0 - t ED 3w2S the cultivated soil tayer /~ !<3 Wthe primary soi Layer 13. Zhuchengoun Site, Mianchi County The site is located at the villages of Zhuchengcun and Zhuchengzhai,6km west of Mianchi County TownL It is said that it is aicient Juli Town, namely ancient Mianchi Town.How this site has been classified as a county-level cultural relics conservancy unit. A great deal of cultural relics of different periods from the Warring States Period to the Southern and the Northern Dynasties scatter on the surface of the site where the expressway is cutting through. The collected articles includ tubular tiles, plain tiles, fragments of li-tripods, basins, urns,jars and stem-pans. The cultural deposits with 0.50--2m in depth and three storage pits can be seen from the section. The largest pit of the Warring States Period is 5m in diametre 1.50m in depth. It is deduced that there is a big house foundation at the site. The proposed expressway passes by its south side. 'o effectively protect the possible existence of remains of ancLent culture under the ground in this region, Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and tianchi Coaunty Administration of Cultural Relics jointly executed the exploration at the said spot. The explorative drilling was carried out from January 3 to 27,1995 and covered an area of 32,000 square metres. More than ten burials, storage pits and house ruins from the Warring States Period to the Northern Dynasty(475BC-51BAD) have been discovered. The stratum is composed of: a). the f-irst layer-the soft cultivated soil with yellow brown color to a depth of 0.30-0.45m, containing fragments of porcelain, bricks, tiles of modern period. b). the second layer-the hard disturbed soil with light yellow brown color to a depth of 0.20-0.40m. The cultural relics contained in this layer are same as the first layer. c). the third layer-the hard soil with ligth grey-brown color to a depth of 0.30-0.50m, containing fragments of ceramics, bricks and tiles of the Northern Dynasty. d). the forth layer-the hard soil with grey brown color a depth of 0.30-0.50m, containing fragments of ceramics, bricks,tiles and burnt clay from the warring states Period to Han Dynasty. e). the fifth layer-the lacustring sedementation with dark grey brown color, containing no cultural retics. As mentioned above, this site is of great academic value and will provide important archaeological data for solving some historical problems. An archaeological excavation must be conducted before the comencement of works. The unearthing area is about 3500 square meters,and the fund is about 1155000 Yuan,R4B. The excavation will last 180 days from April to Sept 199r6, under the sponsor of Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology. _ 3 /. sit =S\s7lez~~~~~~~*SII:! A.sl; 10II ,4 4, X , ' 0'v---1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~9. St\A 50 -sl A ) L -- - -!__ . ; . - \ ( \ I 53 4849 S I-S6/. 54.: $43.0~~~~~~~~~ 8. Sil 5 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 6 SIZA ~ ~~~~~ .514. C MA4. S**., xK " \ - m4AI. C ) -a-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S . I-~~~~~~~~~~~~~6- .1 YShU~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. 8. $7147 I Nf sIl-s ~J~-- ub.0 Y / IlLd 60~~~~~~~ ~~~..SJJD~~~~~~~~a~~~~~j /~~0 *\~~~~ ,I,,t~~~~~~)L ~~~~\%~~~ 4 17 I~~~~~~~~~~oI . Z., Sls.s~~~~~~~. F.- ,/z. / ( '~~~~ £ R.\N\Us/ ("r4j s ,;.1) . LA.. I-z . 1' Ij~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I. .5443~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 541~~~~~~~ˇ i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .- - I- II I ii.'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I . . .~~~~~~~ I scope of the site A J.D 4 I.r gs~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r ,,07 4 . . Y T~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~R qvS- -- -- - L of o - J- - ind Profile of the Archaeo lqical Survey of Zhuchengcun Site,Nianchi County scope of the site the drilling area T 'I the drilling area B I_ 04 ;t s the cuLtivated soil tayer * 0 3f_ I, , k561te sill tayer * -I es I the cultural layer .lIe priuarv_soil layer _________________________________ o time cultivated soit layer * ;r, the primary soil layer - _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~F A V e- C PA..: ljjj' Li 00 u: -J- _ _e~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A rp.r --I e~h qk O in -Il /ac ll~~Z a-7"C- ~~X * -v- I I pr~~~ I I S I S~~~~~ I JN .~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I .~~~~~ .. . aI 14. Shi tipu Cemetery, Shanxian County Shilipu cemetery is located of the toess platform, 20Dm to the west of Shitipu village. The turning cement pole of No. 276 is standing at the southwest of the cemetery. According to avaltable archaeological information, There exist catatombs which were from the Warring States Period to the Eastern an Dynasty(475BC-220AD) in this region. The proposed expressway lies 30Dm to the south of the graveyard. In order to know the northern boundry of the cemetery, from January 5 to 25, 1995,Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Sanmenxia Archaeological Team drilled an area to the north of the turning point, about 400 meters Long from the east to the west. Three ancient tombs have been found through the drilling.. Being catatombs, they consist of chambers and passages. The roof of chambers is about 3 meters deep under the cultivated soil. The tombs of the north are similar to their counterparts which distributed at the south, but are slightly loose located because of its higher terrain, Two ash pits have been found in the eastern drilling area, however, their function is still not knomw The tombs which have been discovered under the proposed expressway suggest that the graveyard is larger than that people used to think. Thus, an archaeological excavation of the above-mentioned tombs must be undertaken before the construction of the expressway. The unearthing area is about 200 square meters,and the fund is about 66000 Yuan,RMB. The excavation will last 30 days in April, 1996, under the sponsor of Sanmenxia Archaeological Team. IL Lf; jf~~~IL 0OLS~~~~~~ ~~~ .S ~ ~ ~ ~ ~L' 'N .~~ 5: r~ 1./ IL~~~~~UZ rif. I * LrOL I 01I- 2-;L~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 IZL 410 ~ ~ ~ 9. !Z2. - N - - - - - -._ ___________________________- - - - 19J3J : . G - ,J = the cultivated soit layer a M ;rD * the p r i wary soil la yer X n and Profile of the Archaeological Survey of the Graveyard at Shilipu,Shanxian Coun. the drilling area U3 4a 0? logical Survey of the Graveyard at Shilipu, Shanxian County the drilting area f M3 .40 I I I I I I I~ ~ I r rr I X I I I I Iq I I I J-? I -- I I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r. r r' r I O a m + U . . ~ ~~~~ . I ,,, ,? 15. Luj iadian Site, Sanmenxia City The site is located on the north of Lujiadian village,being separated by the Longhai Ral tway from its center. It was discoered in 1988 and identified as a county-level cultural relics preservancy unit later on.Since the expressway is tying on the northern part of the site. A large quantity of potsherds of those yessels like ting-tripod,guan-pot,pen-basin and bo-bowl of Yangshao and Longshan Cultures have been found on the surface of the site.The storage pits of Yangshao and Longshan Cultures can be seen from the section,the largest being 4 meters in diameter and in depth.The dritling area covers 15,000 square meters.Wiithin an area of about 50 meters wide and 70 meters long,cultural deposits and 5 storage pits have been discovered. enan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology. and Sanmenxia City Bureau of Cultural Relics jointly explored this site from December 2 to 24, 1994.The result is as follows: a). the first layer of cultivated soil to a depth of 0.20m,being loose greyish yellow soit,containing modern porcelain sherds, potsherds of Yangshao and Longshan Cultures and the thou Dynasty. b). the second layer--the cultural tayer with a depth of 0.3Dm, of a slightly hard yellow soil,containing ceramic fragments of Yangshao,Longshan and the Thou Dynasty. c). the third layer-the cultural layer with a depth of 0.20.. of slightly hard brown soil, containing potsherds with basket and cord patterns of Yangshao and Longshan Cultures. d). the fourth layer-the cultural layer with a depth of 0.40m, of hard brown soil, containing some pottery sherds of Yangshao Culture. Five storage pits have been found, the diameter of the largest being 4 meters. e). the fifth Layer-the primary sail.of slightly yellow sandy soil, containing no cultural relics. According to the exploratlrL there exist cultural remains of Yangshao (6000--4500BP), Lon>nhan (4, 500--4000BP.). It provides many important clues to Une understanding of ancient culture in Sanmenxia area. An archacological excavation must be carried area. An archaeological cycavation must be carried out before the construction of ..e expressway. The unearthan; area is about 350 square meters,and the fund is about 115500 'Yuan,R4B. The excavation will last 30 days in May, 1996, uLder the sponsor of Sarmenxia Archaeological Team. 'its.~~~~~~~~~~~rL 1L1 A - I 1~~~~~~~~~~~_~I Av ... ... . ~ - I-i'~~~~~~~~-S t I IS~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-~* Its ~ ~ ~ ~ m r _~~i -- -*~ - ° T t -L-- * 4~N- the culljvat.d suit layer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * : * I1 L # - . __ - - t itA the culttratl layers * est the primary s vilayer I~ Plan and Prof i le of the Archaeological Survey of Lujiadian Site,Saxia City -AI bf i 1 e S , ;t EL1 % -_area ; scope of the site the drilling area I~~~~~~~~ I IO _ area ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ 0______ .4- S ~~~I XM I \t W- la~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I I(UZ II? #6~~~II l ~ . i--~~~~~~~~r*lif 16. Daj iaokou Site, Sanmenxia City *ibe site lies on the third terrace to the north of Dajiaokou Town, 8km southeast of Sanmenxia City and the north bank of Jhan River.It was first discovered in 198B and was classified as a city-level cultural relics conservancy unit.A great deal of cultural relics have been collected on the surface of the site, such as the fragments of ding-tripods,jars,urns,basins,bowls,small mouth bottle with a pointed bottom and potsherds with bow-string pattern.Atl of them belong to Yangshaa Culture.Henan provincial Insitute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Sanmenxia Bureau of Cultural Relics jointly surveyed the site from January 5 to 28, 1995. we drilled the site from pole No.K114+350 where the expressway passes,coverng an area of 11,000 square metres(200m long and 50m wide).The stratum of Yangshao Culture was discovered within 500 square metres.The stratum is composed of: a). the first layer-- the soft cultvated soil with yellow brown cotor to a depth of 0.40m,containing potsherds of Yangshao Culture and fragments of ceramic and porcelain of modern period. b). the second layer-the hard Holocene toess soil fixed with light yellow fine silt to a depth of O.BOm,containing no cultural relics. c). the third layer-the hard clay soil with light red brown color to a depth of 0.40m,containing a lot of ash,burnt clay and potsherds of Yangshao Culture. d). the fourth layer-the hard cLay soil with red brown color to a depth of 0.40m,containing no culturat remains. e). the fifth layer-the Malan loess with ligh yellow fine silt, containing no cultural remains. This site is a typical site of Miaodigou Type,Yangshao Culture (6000--550BP).It is of important academic value.An archaeological excavation must be conducted before the construction of the expressway. The unearthing area is about 500 square meters,and the fund is about 165000 Yuan,RMB. The excavation will last 60 days from April to 14ay 1996, under the spansor of Sanmenxia Archaeological Team. . -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o *14Z4 I -02- ~ ~ ~ ~ C yU ~' ~~- Z~~-~~.A-. - -- ~ ~~~ .> 6a - 63 . ..1 g OL~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ja ..............~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C.. SIT 4L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~4 ~~ )%22 \ susj- -sla.. 6 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ \ z q \s I SI~~~~~~~~~IJ 3.31 11~~-SAo I:.14 ~~~\ ).I~~~~~~~~~~J:~~~~~ -550.2 1~~~~~~~~~~602 I *7 i.~~~~ I, ____~~~~744 I I~~~~~~~S& 6ii.3 n~~~~~~~£ a. Plar. and Profile of the Archaeological Survey - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ the dii I ing area = _ _ _ _ _ = I. 314 -I. , Uajiaokou Site,Sanmenxia City Tr }T scope of the site i is kl t- 1: 00 I pg ~~~~~~~~~~I t3 _ ~~~~~ew + f, ~~te cultivted soit layer t)~~~~~~~~~~~ t-***tx,Athe lloloc¢e loess layer O ___________________________ ___ e t the cattral tayer I'the IbLan Loess of thi late p{listacena I~~~~~~~~~O 17. Shibangou site at Sanmenxia City The site is located on the platform to the north of Shibangou Village, 7km to the southwest of Sanmenxia City. The site is separated by No. 310 highway on its south from Jianbe River, and cut through by the Longhai Railway from its center. Being discovered in 198U, it is announced as a city-level cultural relics preservancy ullit. The proposed expressway is tying on its northern part. A large number of potsherds of ping-bottle, pen-basin, li-tripod of the Yangshao and the Longshan Cultures have been collected from the field. Four storage pits of the Longshan Culture could be seen on the section. within 10,000 square meters drilling area, we have found cultural deposits and three storage pits. Henan Provincial Insitute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, and Sanmenxia cultural relics Bureau explored site from January 3 to 26, 1995. The stratum is composed of: a). the first layer-- the cultivated soil layer with a depth of 0.20m, of loose brown soil, containing some modern porcelian sherds and potsherds of Yangshao and Longshan Cultures. b). the second layer-loose yellow sandy soil with a depth of 0.30m, containing few cultural relics. c). the third layer--the cultural layer with light a depth of 0.50m, of slightly hard brown soil, containing some red pottery sherds of the Yangshao Culture and grey potter fragments of the Longshan Culture. Through tje exploration, it is known that the site is composed of cultural remains of the Yangshao and the Longshan cultures. The cultural deposits of the Longshan Culture is especially abundent and valuable for the understanding of the distribution and development of ancient culture in sanmenxia City. An archaeological excavation must be carried out before the construction of the exprssway. The unearthing area is about 300 square meters,and the fund is about 99000 Yuan,R4B. The excavation will last 30 days in, June, 1996, under the sponsor of Sanmenxia Archaeological TeaL r~~~~~'~~~~~-2.~ ~ ~ ~~~91. A IL A~ -NS 6il= - -', --- - cTD~~~"7I 4is 4 _ I0ao 452.1 -1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~6 LdIS. / i~~~~~~~~~-~~~'~~ ~ ~ ~ i- /1 - -~~~~~~~~~6 -*'-- *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.Z .687.s~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*1521 ~ 637.19~~ . .. ... ... ............ LULS I* -ilK~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 31±5 1 I ... t-195 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~Q~ ZO -.; ( e rus I '24t~~~~~~~~~ /i - 4151 33±5 /~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~res * iLI1~~91Y * ~~~~~86&"~~~~~ Ci '""D' * / ~ ~ ~ tm Plan and Profile of the Archaeological Sti 0 the dri Iting area A___ _ T !_ 3~~~~~~~0 j of Shibangou Site, Sahnenia. City. --1-----~=F V &-nJ110 --- - - J Ei -m I:|oo _______ _ the _cultivated soil layer °___ * , A ihe yetlow soit layer 0_____ * & the cultural layer * -t -A-'--* the primry soii Itoyer 1B.A Pataeolithic Locaity at Zhaojiayuan,Shanxian County Zhaojiayuan Palaeolithic locality is a 3km long toess section,located to the east of Zhaojiayuan-Zhangwan viltages.It was discovered through a general cultural relics survey in 1970' s, palaeolithic locaity at Zhangwan,Shanxian County s ,and some Vertebrate fossi Is and stone tools have been found since then. It is now classified as a county-level cultural relics conservancy unit. The investigation covers an area from the east of Zhaojiayuan village -to the Longhai Railwav.The proposed expressway is just tying on the north of Zhaojiayuan,where the geological section is about 40m.high.From 1 to 35m(up to down),it is greyish sandy soil of M4alan toess deposit of the late Pleistocene epoch.The gravel layer is from 35 to 40 meters.The diameter of those grave stones is around I to SOmm.The rock type includes psammite,diorite, quartzite etc..The fossils consist of mussels,rhinoceros and deers.Only one piece of quartzite flake was found during the exploration. The vertebrate fossils and cultural remains belonged to the late Pleistocene epoch,dating from 100,000 to 500,009 BP. Because the expressway is cutting through the sectlon in which a number of fossils and cultural remains located,an archaeological excavation must be conducted before the construction of the expressway. The unearthing area is about 650 square meters,and the fund is about 214500 Yuan,RMB. The excavation will lastl8O days from April to Sept 1996, under the sponsor of Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology. Profile of Zhaojiayuan Site,Shanxian County 7 lp m :a.~~~~~60 ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~the priuary soit tayer the HaLen Loess of tue yeLtow tayer ~~~ ~sand stone layer -4 " .M fine saemI tayer __ i ossil 19.Cemetery at Dongoheng Vitlage,Shanxian County The Cemetery of Dongcheng Village covers an area of 2, 400, 000 square meters, 2000m. long from the east to the west,and 1200m.wide from the south to the north, situated on the seat between the village and the south bank of the Yellow River.The tombs have been successively discovered since 1970' s,and a large quantity of cultural relics of the Han Dynasty from this graveyard have been captured from tomb robbers and smugglers in the past few years. The expressway lies 100m.north- to Dongcheng Village. In cooperation with the construction of the expressway,Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Shanxian County Administration drilled the graveyard where the expressway passes by from December 20,1994 to February 25, 1995,covering an area of 100,000 square meters. During the process of drilling,11 catatombs and 8 storage p1its of the Han Dynasty(206BC- - 220AD) have been found. With chambers and passages,the tombs are in the depth of 2. 80-3.50m. The expressway is just lying on the northern part of the graveyard.Since a large number of ancient tombs are located in this area,according to the available information and our survey,an archaeological excavation must be undertaken before the construction of the expressway. The unearthing area is about 200 square meters,and the fund is about 66000 YuanRRMB. The excavation will last 30 days in July, 1996, under the sponsor of Sanmenxia Archaeological Team. .31.9 ~ ~ ~ .~- V1. 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