GOVERNMENT OF SIERRA LEONE Ministry of Energy ENERGY SECTOR UTILITY REFORM PROJECT (ESURP AF) RESETTLEMENT FRAMEWORK FINAL REPORT March 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABREVIATIONS ................................................................................... vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................... viii 1.0 General INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE RESETTLEMENT FRAMEWORK ................................................... 3 1.3 PRINCIPLES ............................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Approach in updating the RF ................................................................................................... 4 2 Project Description ............................................................................................................................. 5 2.1 Project oversight and responsibilities ..................................................................................... 8 3 Social and Economic Characteristics of the Project Area ............................................................. 9 3.1 Western Area ............................................................................................................................ 10 3.2 Household Surveys .................................................................................................................. 11 3.2.1 Household Characteristics .............................................................................................. 11 3.2.2 Age of Household Head.................................................................................................. 11 3.2.3 Marital Status of household head ................................................................................. 11 3.2.4 Education and Labour Profile ........................................................................................ 12 3.2.5 The religion of Household Head ................................................................................... 13 3.2.6 Culture, Ethnicity, and Language .................................................................................. 13 3.2.7 Housing/Dwelling Type................................................................................................. 14 3.2.8 Livelihood and Economic Profile................................................................................... 14 3.2.9 Health and Safety ............................................................................................................. 16 3.2.10 Knowledge about HIV/AIDS......................................................................................... 17 3.2.11 Water, Sanitation and Waste Management .................................................................. 18 3.2.12 Wastes Management and Sanitation ............................................................................. 19 3.2.13 Household Energy Use for Cooking and Lighting...................................................... 20 3.3 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 21 Page i| 4 POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ....................................................... 22 4.1 Legal and Regulatory Context................................................................................................ 22 4.1.1 Constitution of Sierra Leone, 1991 ................................................................................. 22 4.1.2 Sierra Leone National Land Policy 2015 ....................................................................... 22 4.1.3 Public Lands Ordinance, Cap 116,1808 ......................................................................... 24 4.1.4 Local Government Act, 2004........................................................................................... 25 4.1.5 National Electricity Act of 2011 ...................................................................................... 25 4.1.6 The Electricity Distribution and Supply Authority (EDSA) ...................................... 26 4.1.7 Sierra Leone Roads Authority (amendment) Act of 2010 .......................................... 26 4.1.8 WORLD BANK OPERATIONAL POLICY ON INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT (OP 4.12) ............................................................................................................................................ 26 4.2 Land Tenure in the Project Area ............................................................................................ 28 4.3 Public Land Acquisition and Compensation process ......................................................... 29 4.4 ANALYSIS OF SIERRA LEONEAN SYSTEM WITH RESPECT OF THE WORLD BANK REQUIREMENT ..................................................................................................................... 30 5 PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND POTENTIAL INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT .................. 36 5.1 Description of some potential impact issues ........................................................................ 36 6 PRINCIPLES, OBJECTIVES AND RESETTLEMENT PROCESS .............................................. 40 6.1 Principles and objectives of involuntary resettlement ........................................................ 40 6.2 Avoiding or Minimizing Involuntary resettlement ............................................................ 42 6.2.1 Cut-off Dates/Moratorium ............................................................................................. 43 6.3 Resettlement measures ............................................................................................................ 43 6.4 Types of Compensation........................................................................................................... 43 6.4.1 Cash compensation .......................................................................................................... 44 6.4.2 Income and livelihood restoration ................................................................................. 44 6.4.3 Overview of the resettlement preparation process ..................................................... 44 7 PROPERTY VALUATION AND COMPENSATION ................................................................. 46 7.1 Valuation of Properties............................................................................................................ 46 7.1.1 Basis of Valuation ............................................................................................................. 46 P a g e ii | 7.1.2 Valuation methods and compensation rates ................................................................ 46 7.1.3 Valuation responsibility .................................................................................................. 47 7.2 Mode of Compensation Payment .......................................................................................... 48 8 ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA AND ENTITLEMENT MATRIX ........................................................ 49 9 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ....................................................................................... 51 9.1 Objective .................................................................................................................................... 51 9.2 Potential sources of grievance/ disputes.............................................................................. 51 9.3 The Grievance Redress Process .............................................................................................. 52 9.3.1 Registration/ Receipts of complaints ............................................................................ 53 9.3.2 Determining and implementing the redress action .................................................... 53 9.3.3 Verifying the redress action ............................................................................................ 53 9.3.4 Monitoring and Evaluation ............................................................................................ 53 9.3.5 Dissatisfaction and Additional Steps ............................................................................ 54 9.4 Membership, Function and Financing of the GRC.............................................................. 54 9.5 Schedule Template for Grievance Redress and Institutional Responsibilities ................ 56 10 CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE ................................................................................. 57 10.1 Stakeholder consultations ....................................................................................................... 57 10.2 Consultation and Disclosure Requirements for the RF ...................................................... 57 11 VULNERABLE GROUP CONSIDERATION ........................................................................... 59 11.1 Identification of vulnerable groups ....................................................................................... 59 11.2 Assistance to vulnerable persons ........................................................................................... 59 11.3 Provisions to be made in RAPs/ARPs .................................................................................. 60 12 MONITORING AND EVALUATION ...................................................................................... 61 12.1 bjectives of monitoring and evaluation................................................................................. 61 12.2 Internal monitoring.................................................................................................................. 61 12.2.1 Scope and content ............................................................................................................ 61 12.2.2 Monitoring indicators ...................................................................................................... 62 12.3 Internal evaluation ................................................................................................................... 62 P a g e iii | 12.3.1 Evaluation objectives ....................................................................................................... 62 12.4 External monitoring and evaluation ..................................................................................... 63 12.5 Completion audit ..................................................................................................................... 63 13 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR IMLEMENTATION OF RF ............................ 64 13.1 Project Implementation Arrangement .................................................................................. 64 13.1.1 The RAP Implementation Committee (RAP IC) .......................................................... 64 13.1.2 Recommendations on Capacity building ..................................................................... 67 13.2 Resources, Technical Support and Capacity Enhancement ............................................... 67 13.2.1 Resources available to deal with resettlement issues ................................................. 67 13.2.2 Technical support and capacity building ..................................................................... 67 13.3 Preparation of ARAPs/ RAPs and setting up of resettlement management teams ....... 68 14 BUDGET AND FUNDING ......................................................................................................... 72 14.1 Estimated budget to implement RAP ................................................................................... 72 14.2 Template Budget for preparation and implementation of ARAPs/ RAPs ...................... 73 14.3 Sources and arrangements for funding................................................................................. 74 15 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 75 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................... 76 Tables Table 1: Gender/Sex of household head ............................................................................................ 11 Table 2: Age of household head ........................................................................................................... 11 Table 3: Household head marital status ............................................................................................ 12 Table 4: Educational status of household head ................................................................................ 12 Table 5: School drop out........................................................................................................................ 13 Table 6: Household head religion ........................................................................................................ 13 Table 7: Household Assets Base ............................................................................................................. 14 Table 8: Occupation of Household Head.............................................................................................. 15 Table 9: Income Source Diversification ................................................................................................. 15 P a g e iv | Table 10: Average Income Distribution among Household Heads .................................................. 16 Table 11: Access to Credit Facility ......................................................................................................... 16 Table 12: Source of Information on HIV/AIDS ................................................................................... 18 Table 13: Perceived Quality of Water .................................................................................................... 19 Table 14: Proximity to Potable Water Source ....................................................................................... 19 Table 15: Household Sanitary Facility................................................................................................... 20 Table 16: Household Source of Energy for Cooking ........................................................................... 20 Table 17: Household Source of Energy for Lighting Homes ............................................................. 20 Table 18: Comparison of the Laws of Sierra Leone and World Bank requirements with respect to the categories of PAPs ............................................................................................................................. 32 Table 19:Anticipated project impacts on assets and livelihood......................................................... 39 Table 21:Measure considered to minimize involuntary resettlement .............................................. 42 Table 22: Valuation Methods .................................................................................................................. 46 Table 23: Entitlement Matrix .................................................................................................................. 49 Table 24:Steps in the Preparation of ARAPs/RAPs and Setting up of Resettlement Management Teams ......................................................................................................................................................... 68 Table 25: Estimated Budget .................................................................................................................... 72 Table 26: Template Budget ..................................................................................................................... 73 Figures Figure 1: Community/Household Disease Prevalence ...................................................................... 17 Figure 2: Source of Water Source: Socio-Economic Household Survey, November, 2018 .. 18 Figure 3: Map of Western Area .............................................................................................................. 23 Figure 4: The sausage factory using site for proposed substation ............................................................. 37 Figure 5:SLCB facility on Proposed Substation land at Jui ............................................................ 38 Figure 6: Flow chart for Grievance Redress ......................................................................................... 56 Page v| Annexes Appendix 1:OUTLINE OF RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN ..................................................... 77 Appendix 2:STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION SUMMARY-2018 ........................................... 79 Appendix 3:List of Persons Consulted-2018 ...................................................................................... 83 Appendix 4: Terms of reference ............................................................................................................. 94 Appendix 5: Socio Economic Questionnaire.................................................................................... 107 P a g e vi | LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABREVIATIONS AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AfDB African Development Bank ARAP Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan EDSA Electricity Distribution and Supply Authority EGTC Electricity Generation and Transmission Company EPC Engineering, Procurement and Construction ESHIA Environmental Social Health Impact Assessment ESURP Energy Sector and Utility Reform Project FCC Freetown City Council GoSL Government of Sierra Leone GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism HIV Human Immunodeficiency Viruses IDA International Development Association IE Impact Evaluation IFC International Finance cooperation LV Low Voltage MC Management Contractor MCH Maternal and Child Health MLHE Ministry of Lands Housing and Environment MoE Ministry of Energy MV Medium Voltage NPA National Power Authority OP Operational policy PAPs Project Affected Persons PEMSD Planning, Evaluation, Monitoring and Statistics Division PIU Project Implementation Unit RAP Resettlement Action Plan RF Resettlement Policy Framework RoW Right of way SDR Special Drawing Rights SLRA Sierra Leone Roads Authority WB The World Bank P a g e vii | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY On December 18, 2013, the World Bank approved Special Drawing Rights (SDR) US$40 million for the Sierra Leone Energy Sector Utility Reform Project (ESURP), which became effective on December 15, 2014. The project is currently under implementation by the Ministry of Energy (MoE) and the Electricity Distribution and Supply Authority (EDSA). The project involves among others, the rehabilitation of 11kV switching substation, 11kV and low voltage distribution networks in selected urban Freetown. The ESURP AF project consists of additional activities under the same three components of the parent project as follows: Component 1: EDSA Capacity Enhancement and Performance Improvement. Component 2: Improvement of Electricity Supply in Urban Areas. Sub-component 2.A: Primary MV Distribution network reinforcement and extension. Sub-component 2.B: MV secondary and Low Voltage (LV) Distribution network reinforcement and extension. Component 3: Preparatory Support for Power Sector Investments. Component 2 is likely to result to displacement activities and land acquisition but these areas are not yet known and will not be before the project is approved by the Bank’s Board. Consequently, a Resettlement Framework (RF) is required for Component 2, which will finance the construction of substations and transmission lines, the rehabilitation and extension of 11 kV and Low voltage distribution lines to new customers in the Western Area. The primary objective of this Resettlement Framework is to set out principles and procedures for assessing the risks of involuntary resettlement (physical and economic displacement) and suggest interventions for addressing the impacts of displacement through compensation and other assistance. The assistance and interventions would be in compliance with national laws, and World Bank’s policy on involuntary resettlement (OP 4.12). MoE/EDSA has therefore prepared this RF to guide the preparation and implementation of the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). Supervision and monitoring of the RAP implementation will be the responsibility of MoE/EDSA. A RF was done in 2013, but as there have been reviews and enactment of policy and legal instruments and emerging socio-economic issues, MoE/EDSA has considered it appropriate to update the RF that was developed in 2013 for this project. A Resettlement Framework (RF) was developed during the project preparation in 2013 and later after EPC contracts were signed and the detailed engineering design of the distribution network was completed, a site-specific Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) was prepared for the parent project. The RAP report that has recently been approved by the World Bank is being disclosed before construction works by the contractors would commence. P a g e viii | A survey was conducted during the ESHIA to determine the socioeconomic characteristics of the project area. From the survey, it was discovered that this project corridor hosts mostly traders with stores, shops and stalls where they transact businesses as their livelihoods. Eighty-three percent (83%) of interviewed people are engaged in some form of trading activity with 91.5% using their houses /lands for either business transaction and or dwelling purposes. Majority of the potential PAPs do not own houses or lands. They rent places to carry out their business activities. From the survey, it was established that the residents are mostly traders (61.6%), self employed people (28.1%), and some teachers (4.3%), unemployed (2.7%), administrators (2.2 %), Civil Servants (0.5 %), and health workers (0.5) Children, women, elderly people, those who are sick, disabled and those who are part of any ostracized or disempowered minority (for example homosexuals) are considered most vulnerable among other vulnerable groups. The operationalisation of the proposed intervention of the project could affect vulnerable people differently to others. Road crossing and access to other services/facilities for children and disables could be affected by the project. The parent ESURP (P120304) project could not meet all the investment needs envisaged in the original project, particularly the expansion of the 33kV subtransmission network and so the Government of Sierra Leone (GoSL) has requested for Additional Financing (AF) to ESURP. The AF is to finance among others: (i) the construction of 33kV subtransmission network (33/11kV Substations and 33kV lines); (ii) rehabilitation and extension of the 11kV and Low voltage distribution network to major unserved residential, commercial and industrial centers in Freetown and support to improve the operational and financial performance of EDSA. All the proposed substations would be located on lands belonging to EDSA or on Government lands. The general routing of the proposed MV (33 & 11kV) lines and the general areas of low voltage lines to be financed by the AF are also generally known and are expected to present moderate environmental and social risks. As such, an Environmental, Social and Health Impact Assessment (ESHIA) has been prepared to assess the potential environmental, social and health impact of the project activities. Even though the MV lines are expected to be constructed on either side of the Right-of-Way (RoW) of the main roads, the specific and detailed impacts would be known when the detailed construction design is done. The RF provide details of the project background, policy and legal frameworks relevant for this project, institutional arrangements, current socio-economic profile of communities adjacent to the project environment, objectives and principles of the RF. In addition, the RF includes RAP preparation and implementation, methods of valuing affected assets, organizational elements and procedures for delivery of entitlements including the responsibilities of each actor, grievance redress mechanisms and monitoring arrangements for the Resettlement Action Plan implementation. The rights of individuals to own private property is guaranteed by the 1991 Constitution of Sierra Leone. The constitution sets up the principles under which citizens may be deprived of P a g e ix | their properties through compulsory acquisition, where such properties become subjects of state expropriation for public interest as described in Chapter III Section 21 of the 1991 Constitution. The constitution directs the responsible state institutions or agencies to pay prompt and adequate compensation to the affected-person in respect of the loss and impacts thereof. Entities and individuals who lose property through state expropriation also have access to the court or other impartial and independent authority for the determination of their interest or right, and the amount of any compensation which he/she is entitled to and for the purpose of obtaining prompt payment of that compensation. The 2015 National Land Policy also provides for the compulsory acquisition of land in the public interest. The principles of the land policy include among others: the consideration of land as a common national or communal property resource held in trust for the people and which must be used in the long-term interest of the people of Sierra Leone. The principle holds where it does not violate existing rights of private ownership. Compensation to be paid for lands acquired through compulsory government acquisition will be fair and adequate and will be determined, among other things, through negotiations that take into consideration government investment in the area. In the national context, both statute and customary law co-exist although in the case of conflict, statute takes precedence. For all Bank-funded projects, where there is a difference between World Bank (WB) requirements and national law, WB requirements will prevail. The policy applies to all components of a bank-funded project that result in involuntary resettlement, regardless of the source of financing. The bank further requires particular attention to be given to the needs of vulnerable groups, especially those below the poverty line including; • landless individuals and households; • elderly persons; • women and children; • indigenous groups and ethnic minorities; and • other disadvantageous persons. A summary of the gap between the national laws and WB requirement is provided in Section 4.4. According to WB requirements PAPs should be assisted during their transition period in the resettlement site and efforts made to restore their livelihoods whereas the Sierra Leonean laws are silent on that. Sierra Leonean law requires prompt, adequate, and fair compensation for PAPs; this is not at par with WB requirements, which requires that compensation be completed prior to the start of the project. Additionally, there is no provision for relocation assistance, transitional support, or the provision of civic infrastructure under Sierra Leonean law. Sierra Leonean law makes no specific accommodations for potentially vulnerable groups such as women, children, the elderly, ethnic minorities, indigenous people, the landless, and those living under the poverty line. These groups are at highest risk to experience negative effects due to resettlement, and should receive special consideration during the preparation of a Page x| resettlement action plan to assure that they can maintain at least the same standard of living after displacement takes place. A section is therefore devoted to the legal, policy and regulatory framework governing this project. Some legal instruments do make reference to the requirements for project developers to follow prescribed procedures for any resettlement program. The majority of these legal instruments were enacted before the civil war over 20 years ago and a few are quite recent. Some of these legal instruments were captured in the 2013 RF. However, recent policies and legal instruments not captured in that edition are detailed in this revised edition. Relevant laws applicable to this project are: • National Constitution of Sierra Leone (1991): Section 21 provides guidance on protection of the fundamental rights of citizens with respect to the deprivation of private property. • National Lands Policy, 2015: Chapter 9, Sections 9.1 and 9.2 make specific policy pronouncement in terms of specific mechanisms for resolving land issues in terms of redistribution and resettlement. • Public Lands Ordinance Law, Cap 116, 1808 • Local Government Act, 2004 • National Electricity Act of 2011- This Act unbundled the former National Power Authority (NPA) to two separate entities thus: a. EGTC and b. EDSA • Sierra Leone Roads Authority (Amendment) Act, 2010 and the • World Bank Operational Policy on Involuntary Resettlement, A section has been devoted to the institutional framework currently in place to give a sense of the institutions that are responsible for any potential resettlement issues that may be triggered by this project. RAP implementation would require collaboration across multiple departments and agencies to ensure effective project delivery. Key stakeholders required for RAP implementation support include Freetown City Council (FCC), Sierra Leone Roads Authority (SLRA), Ministry of Lands, Housing and the Environment (MLHE), Sierra Leone Police (SLP), and Ministry of Justice (Law Officers’ Department). To strengthen coordination across multiple agencies, a RAP Implementation Committee (RAP IC) is proposed with members from key institutions responsible to support RAP implementation. In the preparation of the RAP, the following will apply: • the preparation of a census of PAPs which would include the enumeration and inventory (including photographing) of PAPs, a socio-economic survey, the notification of PAPs, the physical marking of affected properties, identification of any affected buildings/structures, crops, and the setting of a cut-off date; P a g e xi | • the cut-off date is the date beyond which any person who occupies land required for project use, will not be eligible for compensation. The cut-off date shall be chosen and approved at a meeting between EDSA and the Community Representatives. This information shall then be conveyed to the communities through a number of channels including the Local Government structures, and civil society groups where possible, and local media; • extensive consultation with Project Affected People (PAPs). PAPs shall be informed about their options and rights pertaining to resettlement. In addition, they should be consulted on, offered choice among, and provided with technically and economically feasible resettlement alternatives where applicable; • the RAP will include sections detailing the results of the census and the socio-economic survey, resettlement/compensation measures, livelihood restoration (if necessary), costs of resettlement/compensation, consultation and disclosure issues, as well as systems for receiving and addressing project-related grievances and complaints. Livelihood restoration program may entail skills training, micro credit schemes, etc. Special assistance will be made for vulnerable households whenever necessary. An outline of a RAP is included in Annex 1, which will also detail out mechanisms for managing complaints and grievances; • a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) is key and should be detailed in the RAP. This RF has provided guidelines in the setting up of the GRM, its membership and modus operandi; • finalized RAP will be submitted to the World Bank for review and approval. The World Bank will provide clearance for the RAP. • RAP cleared by the Bank will be disclosed in-country and on the World Bank’s Infoshop. The disclosure will take two forms: I. The Project will communicate the availability of RAP through the media, posters in the project area, and using relevant stakeholders such as market associations, chiefs, and nongovernmental organizations. The RAP will be made available in publicly accessible areas such as community spaces in the project area; II. The project will host a workshop of PAPs and community leaders, explain the content of the RAP, discuss RAP implementation schedule, and inform PAPs about GRM mechanisms. In the implementation of RAP, the following will apply: • destruction of assets, and/or civil works cannot begin until the RAP has been fully implemented; • PAPs will be required to sign-off or complete documentation stating the impacts they faced under the project and the amount of compensation they received. Additionally, each PAP should be accompanied by a witness who would also sign the compensation receipt documentation; • all claimants will be furnished with identification cards with code numbers. A spread sheet will be prepared stipulating their names and specific amounts to be received. Every stage of the process will be photographed, and all PAPs will be thumb printed; P a g e xii | • the RAP preparation and implementation process will require that EDSA coordinates with a number of stakeholders including Ministry of Lands, Housing and the Environment, Municipal structures, Councilors , and relevant civil society groups (such as market associations); • time will be given to people to salvage material from impacted homes/structures before any demolition. According to World Bank OP 4.12 to which this project is in compliance, the criteria for determining PAPs are as follows: • those who have formal legal rights to the land or assets they occupy or use; • those who do not have formal legal rights to the land or assets, but have a claim to land that is recognized or recognizable under national law. Communal lands usually fall in this category; • those who have no recognizable legal right or claim to the land or assets they occupy or use. Squatters and encroachers fall under this category. A GRM mechanism is proposed in this RF. No matter how well risks and impacts are managed, a project will always generate grievances. What is critical is how the project handles grievances. A grievance redress mechanism is necessary for addressing the legitimate concerns of the PAPs. It is anticipated that these concerns will focus mainly on eligibility criteria, and compensation entitlements for loss of livelihood or use of land. Some possible grievances arising from the project could include: • survey implementation-related grievances; • eligibility criteria; • compensation for loss of livelihood or use of land; • corridor improvement activities may block access to businesses and private properties; • no prior and adequate consultation related complaints; • any other grievances. A grievance redress mechanism will be set up to receive, investigate, address and resolve complaints and grievances associated with the project. As part of the mechanism, the project will set a GRM committee to be responsible for resolving complaints. The GRM will have the following features: • avenues for reporting and recording complaints; • procedures for assessment of the grievance; • a time frame for responding to the grievances; • the mechanisms for adjudicating grievances and appealing judgments. In the interest of all parties concerned, the grievance redress mechanisms are designed with the objective of solving disputes at the earliest possible time. World Bank OP. 4.12 emphasizes that the PAPs should be heard and as such, they must be fairly and fully represented. The committee will include PAP representation with equal participation for men and women. P a g e xiii | In Sierra Leone, community leadership plays a significant role in managing grievances. Even in the capital Freetown, members of a community are still heavily reliant on community leadership in decision-making processes. This local institution would be used in the management of grievance with PAPs. Redress in the Court of Law Where resolution is not reached at the level of the RAP IC or if the PAP does not receive a response or is not satisfied with the outcome within the agreed time, he/she can appeal to the court of law. The PAP shall be exempt from all administrative and legal fees incurred pursuant to the grievance redress procedures. In this RF, a summary of a socio-economic survey done in 2018 is presented. Questionnaires were administered to asset owners, tenants, and community members. Community meetings and face to face discussions were held. The following formed part of the survey: a) Livelihood and Income Levels; b) Housing; c) Social Infrastructure; d) Vulnerability Categories of PAPs should be detailed in the RAP together with the methods that were envisaged to be employed to value the assets of affected people. This revised RF has captured the socio-economic realities of communities/towns in the project area and these include: 1. Kingtom 2. Aberdeen 3. Falcon Bridge Area 4. Cline Town 5. Blackhall Road 6. Jui 7. Regent 8. Wellington 9. Waterloo 10. Colbot Community 11. Susans Bay 12. Crab Town 13. Kroo Bay 14. Crab Town Monitoring and evaluation are very important components in the implementation of a proposed RAP and it is suggested that it should be done at two levels, internal and external. This RF provides details on both internal and external monitoring mechanisms. In the preparation of a RAP, the budgetary costs of implementing the RAP, including consultant costs, staff costs, compensation costs, etc. shall be determined. P a g e xiv | In conclusion, EDSA has the Overall responsibility for implementing the proposed RAP. Where necessary, EDSA shall make arrangements with the World Bank for funds to be placed in an escrow account where the payments are made. Costs for possible resettlement, as indicated in the template in the document, should include operational costs, allocations for compensation payments, land acquisition and resettlement site planning, monitoring and evaluation and community development. P a g e xv | 1.0 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND The Electricity access and consumption in Sierra Leone is among the lowest in Africa. The electricity access rate is about 12 percent, with about 90 percent of the 170,000 customers located in the urban parts of Freetown. The connected customers suffer from daily and long hours of power cuts due to the dilapidated nature of the distribution network. Currently, the distribution network has the capacity to evacuate and deliver a maximum of around 74 MW out of the about 140 MW installed capacity to the customers with supply reliability well below internationally accepted standards. To address these challenges in the electricity sector, the Government of Sierra Leone (GoSL) mobilized development partners, World Bank, Africa Development Bank (AfDB), DFID, the Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) to implement a Network Investment Master Plan. The Network Investment Master Plan proposed investments in both rehabilitation and expansion of the existing 11kV and LV distribution network as well as constructing new 33kV sub transmission network to enhance the evacuation capacity of the network. On December 18, 2013, the World Bank approved SDR 26.1 million (US$40 million equivalent) for the Sierra Leone Energy Sector Utility Reform Project (ESURP) which became effective on December 15, 2014. The Project Development Objective is to improve the operational performance of the national electricity distribution utility. The project is currently under implementation but construction work on the distribution network is yet to commence pending the completion of the site specific ESMP (recently approved by the World Bank) and the RAP studies. The parent ESURP (P120304) could not meet all the investment needs envisaged in the original project, particularly, expansion of the 33kV sub transmission network and so the Government of Sierra Leone (GoSL) has requested for Additional Financing (AF) to ESURP. The AF is to finance among others: (i) the construction of 33kV subtransmission network (33/11kV Substations and 33kV lines); (ii) rehabilitation and extension of the 11kV and Low voltage distribution network to major unserved residential, commercial and industrial centers in Freetown and support to improve the operational and financial performance of EDSA. All the proposed substations would be located on lands belonging to EDSA or on Government lands. The general routing of the proposed MV (33 & 11kV) lines and the general areas of low voltage lines to be financed by the AF are also generally known and are expected to present moderate environmental and social risks. As such an Environmental, Social and Health Impact Assessment (ESHIA) has been prepared to assess the potential environmental, social and health impact of the project activities. Even though the MV lines are expected to be constructed on either side of the Right-of-Way (RoW) of the main roads, the specific and detailed impacts would be known when the detailed construction design is done. Therefore, the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for the parent project is updated to reflect the additional activities of the AF and guide the preparation and implementation of Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) Page 1| Based on the nature of activities and anticipated scale of social and economic impacts, the World Bank’s safeguard policies on Involuntary Resettlement (BP/OP 4.12) is triggered. Although some legal instruments in the country make references to the requirements for project developers to follow prescribed procedures for any resettlement programs, the country has no comprehensive national resettlement framework or policy regulation and is vulnerable to poor resettlement practices by energy, mining, road infrastructure, and other companies.1 This Resettlement Framework (RF) is guided by the Bank Policy (OP 4.12) and the applicable Sierra Leone regulations; and provides the principles and procedures for assessing and addressing adverse social impacts related to physical and economic displacement that may result from the project. Ultimately, the RF will inform the planning and implementation of appropriate Resettlement Action Plan (RAPs) for the project. The RF is considered because designs and specific sites for the proposed works are not determined yet and requires some ground truthing to firm up. The design of this RF is to provide an impetus to minimize resettlement, minimize the risk of impoverishment of persons that may be affected/displaced and reduce delays in accessing the Right of Way (RoW) of works. The framework also manifests the aspirations of the Ministry of Energy to address the major social and resettlement issues that may be related to the development, effective planning and implementation of the ESURP project in Sierra Leone. It must be noted that the first version of this Resettlement Framework (RF) was developed for the parent project, which was to improve the technical and operational performance of the National Power Authority under the ESURP project in April, 2013. Since then, some changes may have occurred with regards to the scope of the project, institutional arrangements, and the policy and legal frameworks governing resettlement issues in the country. The project is being considered for an Additional Financing (AF) and looking to expand similar investments that were previously planned under the parent project. The expansion in scope may have particular implications for the planning and implementation of resettlement related to the project. As such, and in line with World Bank recommendation, this RF is an updated version of the 2013 RF and reflects relevant changes in land acquisition laws, regulations, and the potential impacts of the ESURP AF project. 1 In 2014, the Government of Sierra Leone set up a committee to prepare a National Policy on Resettlement to regulate and manage the adverse impacts of development-induced displacement and resettlement on affected persons. That process stalled with no national resettlement policy framework. Thus, resettlement schemes are still vulnerable to conflicts and confusion. Page 2| 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE RESETTLEMENT FRAMEWORK The RF has been prepared in compliance with national laws, and World Bank’s policy on involuntary resettlement (OP 4.12) to provide guidance for assessing and mitigating impacts anticipated under Component 2 of the project. The primary aim of this framework is to set out principles and procedures (including checklist) for assessing the risks of involuntary resettlement (physical and economic displacement) and suggest generic interventions for addressing the impacts of displacement through this compensation and other assistance. In particular, the RF: • provides guidelines for undertaking any resettlement activity; o Provides procedures to follow in a resettlement activity associated with Project investments. • sets out the institutional arrangements for undertaking any resettlement activity; • describes arrangements for resolving conflicts resulting from project activities using the project’s Grievance Redress Mechanism; • outlines the guidelines for identify PAP that are entitled and eligible for compensation as well as consultation process and approaches to involve PAPs. The MoE is committed to resettlement based on national laws and objectives of the WB’s Policy on involuntary resettlement to (i) avoid or minimize resettlement, (ii) compensate at full replacement cost, (iii) provide livelihood assistance, (iv) where necessary provide specialized assistance for vulnerable households. This RF therefore set the basis to improve the local conditions and economic opportunities in the communities to be affected by the various project components. 1.3 PRINCIPLES The following principles based on the World Bank policy on involuntary resettlement (OP 4.12) will guide resettlement in the project: • the project will avoid displacement and forced eviction under any circumstance; • where resettlement is unavoidable the Project will ensure that every affected household is compensated in an expeditious manner and prior to the start of civil works; • after relocation, every household or individual is at least well of, if not better than, before the relocation; • the project will ensure effective communication with affected individuals, households and other stakeholders throughout the resettlement/compensation process through a communication strategy; • the opinion of affected persons and other stakeholders shall be sought through regular public consultations and incorporated into the resettlement planning, decision-making process, and implementation; • the project will assist with the physical relocation and provide support to resettled individuals and households during the transition period; Page 3| • the project will monitor all aspects of the resettlement program to ensure the RF meets its objectives. 1.4 APPROACH IN UPDATING THE RF The methodology adopted to update the RF includes desktop review of legal instruments that guide resettlement issues and institutions that would have responsibility to guide and direct the process. Section 4 elaborates the policy, legal and institutional framework and the World Bank involuntary policy OP 4.12 underpinning the preparation of this RF. Furthermore, site visits were conducted to understand the project environment and possible resettlement issues. Some consultations were conducted to get the views of potential PAPs. A household survey was also conducted to establish the social and economic characteristics of the population along the project RoW. In doing so, 292 household heads were randomly selected for interviewing and with the use of a structured interview questionnaire. To ensure quality control and achieve reliability of data in the household survey, the study relied on the services of three senior consultants to develop the tools and review the survey data. The data collection team consisted of trained and qualified data collectors with not less than two years of experience in qualitative and quantitative data collection. Page 4| 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION The ESURP AF project consists of additional activities under the same three components of the parent project as follows: Component 1: EDSA Capacity Enhancement and Performance Improvement. The additional activity under this component is to support EDSA to improve its operational performance in the key areas of commercial management and attention and resolution of incidents in electricity supply to its customers by acquiring and implementing modern Management Information System; Component 2: Improvement of Electricity Supply in Urban Areas. The additional activities under this component would finance the upgrading and expansion of the 33kV, 11kV and low voltage network, including connection of new customers, and project management by EDSA. New activities to be added for each sub-component are described below: Sub-component 2.A: Primary MV Distribution network reinforcement and extension. This sub-component finances the construction of four new 33/11kV substations to replace the existing distribution transformer substations, upgrade of one 11kV switching station to a 33/11kV substation as well as construction of new 33kV subtransmission lines to link the proposed substations. The line route around the Western Urban District is proposed along the Right-of-Way (RoW) of the roads but these routes have a high density of occupancy with residential houses, kiosks, and makeshift structures. The following 33kV sub-transmission line routes and 33/11kV substation sites had been proposed. The line routes are only tentative and the RoW on either side of the road could be used depending on the obstacles on the RoW. The exact location of the poles and towers for the lines would be determined during the detailed design stage. As such, the ESHIA considered the general corridors of the lines, rather than specific design-mapped sites. 33kV Lines • Kingtom – Aberdeen 33kV Line: this is a 6.8km 33kV sub-transmission line to convey power from the bulk supply substation to the proposed substation at Aberdeen. The line would be constructed along the narrow RoW of the main road. The line route stretches from Murray Town to Congo Town, somewhere between Kingtom and Connaught hospital passes through the coastal low land. It is proposed to be a single circuit line mounted on 13m Steel Tubular Poles to limit the environmental and social impacts. An alternate solution was to use marine cable through the sea. Even though this appeared to be a shorter route, the cost Page 5| associated was too high and the safety of the cable from ships could not be guaranteed by the Ministry of Transport and Aviation authorities. • Kingtom – Falcon Bridge: this is also a 2.5km, Single Circuit line on Steel Tubular Poles as above. This line is necessary to reinforce power supply in the business district. • Falcon Bridge – Cline Town: part of the line route (about 1km) is along a street that has been turned into a market. The proposal is to use overhead insulted conduct on steel tubular poles or underground cables in this portion of the line. The right technology to be used would be determined at the detailed design stage • Cline Town – Blackhall Road: this would be a 1.1km, Single Circuit line on Steel Tubular Poles. A large portion of the line route passes through the Granville Brook dumpsite. • Jui – Regent: This 12.3km proposed line would be constructed within the RoW of the recently constructed highway. It would be a single circuit overhead line on steel tubular poles. • Wellington – Jui: The 13.2km Double Circuit, Lattice Towers line is proposed to be constructed within the RoW of the recently constructed highway. It would help to link the existing substation at Wellington and the proposed substation in rural Freetown • Jui - Waterloo: This is also a 6.6km Double Circuit, Lattice Towers line that is proposed to be constructed on either side of the RoW of the recently constructed highway. In the Western Rural district, it is anticipated that very little compensation will take place since most of the sub-transmission line routes especially the Jui- Regent, Wellington-Jui and Jui - Waterloo are proposed to be constructed within the RoW that has recently been cleared for the road under construction. 33/11kV Substations • Aberdeen Substation: The proposed Aberdeen substation would be an upgrade of the existing EDSA transformer substation which is a small building (3m x 4m housing a distribution transformer). It is located on a piece of land owned by the Ministry of Interior (the national police). The substation would benefit the numerous large-scale restaurants, hotels, beach and other tourist facilities as well as the upper class residential apartments. The substation has been designed to have a customer service center to serve the residential neighbourhood; • Falcon Bridge Substation: the proposed Falcon Bridge substation would be an upgrade of the existing EDSA 11kV switching station (within the walled EDSA premises) to a 33/11kV substation. All the construction works are expected to be within the walled compound. • Cline Town Substation: the Cline Town substation is proposed to be constructed on a piece of land within a walled premises belonging to the Ministry of Transport. • Jui Substation: The proposed Jui substation is an upgrade of the dilapidated EDSA transformer substation (3m x 4m building) that is providing electricity to the government teacher training college. It is located within the walled premises of the college. The college authorities have agreed to provide more lands (about 30m x 25m) for the expansion works. The substation would be very beneficial to the school and the surrounding communities as it would greatly improve the quality of the power supply. The substation has also been Page 6| designed to have a customer service center that would provide reliable and timely customer service to the customers in the surrounding communities • Waterloo Substation: The substation is proposed to be constructed on a piece of land that has been acquired by the ministry of energy for the construction of the 225/33kV substation under an Indian Exim Bank facility. This substation and the double circuit lines are very critical as they would be the main conduit for evacuating power from the WAPP CLSG line to urban Freetown. Sub-component 2.B: MV secondary and Low Voltage (LV) Distribution network reinforcement and extension. This would consist of the continuation of the ongoing rehabilitation of the low voltage distribution under the parent project and construction new 11kV and LV network to new areas in Cline Town, Jui and Waterloo communities to provide them with the essential electricity services. Sub-Component 2.C: Project Implementation Support (US$2.0 million). This sub-component is newly added and will cover the cost of strengthening the capacity of the project implementing team in EDSA to manage and monitor project implementation. It will include the financing of the necessary safeguards studies including site specific RAP and the costs of employing specialized consultants (technical, financial, procurement, audit, etc.), including young professionals to support the project management team. Sub-Component 2-D: Compensation of Project Affected Populations (US$1.0 million). This is not really a separate sub-component but will cover the cost associated with compensation payments to persons that would be affected by the investment activities under sub components 2.A and 2.B of the project. Component 3: Preparatory Support for Power Sector Investments. The additional activities include consulting services for preparing and implementing strategies and projects for electrification through mini-grid solution, training, study tours and other capacity building for MOE and other sector players like EWRC. Determination of the Right of Way The Right of Way (RoW) is the corridor along which the distribution line cables, conductors, and towers will be installed. The land and resources in the RoW are classified as State-owned land extending horizontally 15m on both sides from the centre line of the road. The RoW has been encroached on overtime. If works induce displacement, EDSA will pay compensation regardless of the status of land ownership as per the national laws and WB OP 4.12. Page 7| 2.1 PROJECT OVERSIGHT AND RESPONSIBILITIES The following institutions will provide project oversight and their responsibilities as detailed in this section. 1. EDSA 2. Ministry of Lands, Housing and the Environment 3. Ministry of Energy 4. Sierra Leone Roads Authority 5. Freetown City Council Their responsibilities are detailed in section 13.1 and it is anticipated that they will be in the resettlement implementation committee as described in the next chapter Page 8| 3 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECT AREA This Section discusses the socio-economic characteristics of the project area. It specifically discusses household characteristics, education and labour profile, religion, culture, ethnicity, livelihood and economic profile, water and sanitation and so on. National Socio-Economic Context Sierra Leone covers a total area of 71,740 km2 and has a population of 7,092,113 according to the 2015 Housing and Population Census results. Historically, political instability and weak economic growth led to the brutal and destructive 10-years civil war, which officially ended in 2002. According to the UNDP Report on Sierra Leone’s progress in Human Development (2016), the country moved one position up the Human Development Index (HDI), placing the country in 181 out of 188 countries. According to this survey, Sierra Leone had an HDI value of 0.420 but was still below the 0.523 average for Sub Saharan Africa. The report further shows that 77.5% of the population of Sierra Leone (approximately 4,724,000 people) is multi-dimensionally poor even though income poverty (i.e. $1.2 per day) is 56.6%. According to the 2015 census, the literacy rate for males is 59.4%, compared to 43.9% for females. 44.2% are literate in English Language only. Sierra Leone’s gender inequality remains very high, out of 118 members of Parliaments in 2018, only 18 (15%) Parliamentary seats are held by women. Sierra Leone’s Gender Inequality Index (GII) value in 2015 is 0.650 (ranked 151 out of 188 countries). Essential water and sanitation facilities for the majority of Sierra Leoneans are extremely limited due to the limited functional infrastructures for water supply as only 36.3% of households use pipe-borne water as the primary source of drinking (Census 2015). The PRSP II document prepared by the GoSL, also states that approximately 70% of the population live in absolute poverty, with expenditure below 1 US$/day. The average person’s total consumption falls short of the minimum acceptable level, by 27.5% of the poverty line (PRSP II, 2008). Agriculture is the largest economic sector in the country. Nearly two-thirds of the population depends on it for their livelihood and it is responsible for almost half of the country’s GDP. There has been a steady increase in domestic food production in the last number of years. For instance, rice which is the staple food and the most common crop cultivated by the majority of Sierra Leoneans, production increased at an annual rate of 17.8% between 2000 and 2010 compared to -7.1% between 1990 – 1999 (FAO, 2013). Nonetheless, the living conditions continue to be difficult especially for persons living in rural communities who struggle to remain at subsistence levels. Poor health indicators reflect the lack of access among the population to basic service notably – health services. Endemic diseases, especially malaria and HIV/AIDS loom as a threat; in 1997, UNAIDS estimated the HIV prevalence among adults to be 3.2%. In 2002, a national prevalence survey estimated the rate at 5%, while a study in 2010 revealed an increase of 1.5% (UNDP, 2013). Page 9| Sanitary conditions are deplorable as sewage and refuse disposal systems do not function effectively in most places or are non-existent. Rural living conditions are challenging (PRSP II, 2008). According to the 2015 census, about 17.8% of Sierra Leone’s total population has access to electricity, compared to 82% in Ghana, 46% in Nigeria, and 76% global average. Only 1% of the rural population in Sierra Leone has access to electricity. Generally, the road network system in the study area is relatively good as most of the roads are tarmacked. There are plans by the central government to improve the situation in other areas. As part of the effort, the Government has signed a contract for the rehabilitation of many roads, which is now in implementation. Salary/wage employment and business enterprises/trading are the most prominent economic activities in the study areas. Transport systems including taxi, okada, tipper, delivery, etc. are also everyday economic activities undertaken by residents in the study areas. Barbing shops and lady’s hairdressing, telecommunication services, guesthouses and “chop bars”, etc. form major economic activities in the service sector. 3.1 WESTERN AREA Politically, the Western area is divided into constituencies and wards, which are headed by Members of parliament and councilors, supported by ward committees. The Western Area Rural district is further divided into zones which are headed by “headmen” or village chiefs. The western area is a heterogeneous community with diverse local and foreign cultures that are practiced by various cultural groups without disturbance to other groups. Krio is the most commonly spoken language in the western area. Western Area also enjoys religious plurality and tolerance with Muslims and Christians living together. Salary/wage employment and business enterprises/trading are the most prominent economic activities in the study areas. Transport systems including taxi, Okada, tipper, delivery, etc. are also everyday economic activities undertaken by residents in the study areas. Barbing shops and lady’s hairdressing, telecommunication services, guesthouses and “chop bars”, etc. form major economic activities in the service sector. Western area has land degradation problems caused by rampant and uncontrolled land clearing for infrastructural development which has changed the geographical landscape. According to the 2015 Housing and Population Census, Western Area Urban has an estimated population of 1055, 964 comprising 528, 207 males and 527, 757 females while Western Rural district has an estimated population of 444, 270 consisting of 221, 351 men and 222, 919 women. P a g e 10 | 3.2 HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS 3.2.1 Household Characteristics As indicated in Table 1, 70% of households are males headed with a significant proportion (29.2%) of households being headed by females. The 29% of female-headed households could have a zero-vulnerability index on the project even when the proposed intervention is activated. Table 1: Gender/Sex of household head Variable (Gender) Frequency % Male 207 70.8 Female 85 29.2 Total 292 100.0 Source: Socio-Economic Household Survey, November 2018 3.2.2 Age of Household Head The result below shows that quite a significant proportion (67%) of household heads interviewed fall within the active working age cohort (19yrs-59yrs). This may imply that the project area has got potentially available labour. However, the larger proportion of household heads within active working age bracket does not represent required available skills or technical inclination of the proportion surveyed with regards the proposed project. Table 2: Age of household head Age of Household head Frequency % 19 to 29 years 32 10.8 30 to 39 years 98 33.5 40 to 49 years 66 22.7 50 to 59 years 51 17.3 60 to 69 years 36 12.4 70 Plus 9 3.2 Total 292 100 Source: Socio-Economic Household November, November 2018 3.2.3 Marital Status of household head The greater representation of households above age 19 years indicates some degree of increase in the quality of responses from respondents. Data collected from field survey shows that 84.3% of household heads are married to at least one spouse. (See Table 3 detailed result). P a g e 11 | Table 3: Household head marital status Variables (Marital Status) Frequency % Married 246 84.3 Single 14 4.9 Divorced/Separated 3 1.1 Widowed 28 9.7 Total 291 100 Source: Socio-Economic Household Survey, November 2018 3.2.4 Education and Labour Profile Several authors, for example, Reardon et al, have presented in their research papers (Household Livelihood Diversification in Rural Africa, 2000) that higher education attainment could enhance possible better livelihood and higher income level. Table 4 shows that 59.4% of households surveyed have no formal English education and only 8.1% have at least attained tertiary education or have been admitted to the tertiary educational system. Table 4: Educational status of household head Variables (Education) Frequency % Primary school level 20 7 Junior Secondary School (JSS) level 35 11.9 Senior Secondary School (SSS) level 39 13.5 Tertiary level 24 8.1 Arabic education 32 10.8 Never been to school 142 48.6 Source: Socio-Economic Household Survey, November 2018 The low proportion of higher educational attainment within communities surveyed may indicate a scarce technical skilled labour and high possibility of numerous active informal income and livelihood activities within the surveyed communities. Further investigation into proportion of household members that have at least attained tertiary education or technical vocational training revealed that 71.9% of household members have attained neither a tertiary education nor a technical vocational training. Only 27.5% of households reported they have at least one member of their households that have attained either a tertiary education or technical and vocational (Tech-voc) training in a formal environment. Of those household heads that have never been to school, 46.7% of them are females whilst 53.3% are males. P a g e 12 | Data show that a significant proportion (30.8%) of households has at least one child who has dropped out of school for associated reasons most notably the cost of schooling and teenage pregnancy/early pregnancy. Table 5: School drop out School Drop Out Frequency % Yes 90 30.8 No 202 69.2 Total 292 100 Source: Socio-Economic Household Survey, November 2018 3.2.5 The religion of Household Head The Muslim religion predominates the study area as Muslims account for 88.1% of households surveyed and with Christianity accounting for 11.9% of households surveyed. Each religion has its unique cultural practices. Table 6: Household head religion Religion Frequency % Christian 292 11.9 Muslim 292 88.1 Total 185 100 Source: Socio-Economic Household Survey, November 2018 3.2.6 Culture, Ethnicity, and Language The eminent language spoken within the project areas is Krio. The communities are heterogeneous in nature with various diverse local and foreign cultures. Vulnerable Groups Children, women, elderly people, those who are sick, disabled and those who are part of any ostracized or disempowered minority (for example homosexuals) are considered most vulnerable among other vulnerable groups. The operationalisation of the proposed intervention of the project could affect vulnerable people differently to others. Road crossing and access to other services/facilities for children and disables could be affected by the project. Household’s Assets Base Household assets base has been used as one of the key parameters by many Authors in determining household’s poverty level and as a measure of household’s resilience in cases of livelihood and economic shocks and seasonality. For instance, in rural communities, where one of the major assets of residents is mostly land, their livelihood portfolio almost totally hinges on the land for survival. As indicated in P a g e 13 | Table 7, about 95.7% of households reported they have at least one of the basic household furniture, which includes, bed; tables; cooking utensils; chairs. 87.6% of households reported they have at least one radio tape, which they can listen to news from. 65.9% of them have land in their community of residence and only 58.9% reported they have households and owned the houses they dwell in. The project should ensure that the Resettlement Action Plan to be undertaken maps assets properly and ensure adequate compensation. Table 7: Household Assets Base Multiple Response Asset Frequency % Radio tape 256 87.6 Basic household furniture 279 95.7 Car 3 1.1 Motor cycle/Bicycle 71 24.3 Musical stereo 126 43.2 Generator 13 4.3 Wonder/Improved stove 0 0 Television 13 4.3 House 172 58.9 Land 192 65.9 Others 9 3.2 Source: Socio-Economic Household Survey, November 2018 3.2.7 Housing/Dwelling Type Larger proportion (85%) of the households surveyed live in houses built of concrete cement, plastered with concrete cement and roofed with zinc; and only 12% are built of corrugated metal sheets and roofed with zinc. Three percent (3%) of the structures are built of mud blocks, plastered with cement and roofed with zinc. 3.2.8 Livelihood and Economic Profile The dominant primary income-generating activities within the project area is petty trading and casual works such as tailoring, carpentry and mechanic/fitter. Table 8 shows that 61.6% of the households surveyed are dependent on petty trading (such as assorted fruit selling, cooked foods/cookery, provision shops, recharge card sales, hawking with cosmetics, cigarettes, sachet water etc.) as the primary source of income for their households. A respondent rate of 28.1% accounts for the self-employed during the socio-economic survey in the selected project locations. Commercial vehicle driving (taxi, mini-buses), motorbike and tricycle riding are the various livelihood activities undertaken by household heads that are self- employed. P a g e 14 | The high proportion of households’ dependency on petty trading as a primary source of income could mean that business is the key livelihood activity in the surveyed area. Respondent rates of the 4.3% are teachers, which form the third highest category of household income sources. Other household heads income sources are health workers, civil servant, bank workers, administrators, and Police. Only 2.7% are unemployed. The low level of households’ participation in low profitable and informal employment sector could possibly be attributed to the low proportion of households that have attained a tertiary or post-secondary education (see Educational status of household head). Thus, project is likely to impact (medium to high) the lives of the petty traders, bike riders and other commercial income sources earners positively. During construction, contractor workers would patronize those businesses especially those dealing in food stuff, sachet water, transport operators etc. Table 8: Occupation of Household Head Household Head Occupation Frequency % Administrator 6 2.2 Civil Servant 1 0.5 Health worker 1 0.5 Self-employed 77 28.1 Teaching 13 4.3 Trading 180 61.6 Unemployed 8 2.7 Total 292 100 Source: Socio-Economic Household Survey, November 2018 Diversification has been viewed by many researchers to be positively correlated to better household livelihood, increase in household income and better wellbeing of households, and could serve as resilience factor when uncertainties in one set of livelihood activities occur. According to the survey, a greater proportion (51.9%) of the households do not diversify their income sources Table 9: Income Source Diversification Diversification Frequency % Yes 139 47.6 No 152 51.9 No Response 1 0.5 Total 292 100 Source: Socio-Economic Household Survey, November 2018 P a g e 15 | Most of those households who diversify do so into petty trading and other casual or self- employments are considered their secondary income sources. As shown in Table 10, a greater proportion (30.8%) of the household heads surveyed earn on average between Le151, 000 – Le200, 000 and 23% of households reported they earn less than or up to Le100, 000 on monthly basis. Only 3.8% of the households surveyed earn up to Le1million or more on a monthly basis. This low-income level of the household could be likely associated with type income activities undertaken by households. Table 10: Average Income Distribution among Household Heads Average Monthly from Main Occupation Frequency % Up to Le100,000 68 23.2 Le101,000 - Le150,000 39 13.5 Le151,000 - Le200,000 90 30.8 Le201,000 - Le400,000 41 14.1 Le401,000 - Le600,000 17 5.9 Le601,000 - Le1m 11 3.8 Le1.1m - Le2m 6 2.2 Le2.1m_Le4m 5 1.6 No Response 14 4.9 Total 292 100 Source: Socio-Economic Household Survey, November 2018 The overall low-income level of households indicates that most of the households live in poverty and therefore highly vulnerable to economic shocks. Access to credit facility is seen as lubricant and multiplier factor to trading and possible income and livelihood diversification for rural households. According to data presented in Table 11, about 52% of households interviewed are not aware of credit facility within their communities. Table 11: Access to Credit Facility Availability of Credit Facility Frequency % Yes 17 9.2 No 71 38.4 Not Aware 97 52.4 Total 185 100 Source: Socio-Economic Household Survey, November 2018 3.2.9 Health and Safety Researchers have provided evidence of a positive correlation between environmental conditions and health of persons living in the same community. This explains that poor health conditions P a g e 16 | of persons or community are highly linked to poor environmental management. Typical examples include, trapped or stagnated water which serve as breeding ground for mosquitoes. As indicated in Figure 1 below, malaria is reported as the most prevalence (about 70%) disease in the surveyed area, followed by typhoid (slightly above 60%), flu (about 50%) and tuberculosis been the least (less than 10%) reported disease in the study communities. Figure 1: Community/Household Disease Prevalence Source: Socio-Economic Household Survey, November 2018 The proposed intervention is likely to have zero impact on the current health status of the communities. More than half (51%) of the households interviewed reported they seek medication from hospitals whenever they fall sick. Second to the hospital is Community Health Center (CHC), which accounts for 45% of households. Project construction activities will directly impact the surrounding communities because of congestion or overcrowding during construction activities due to the migration of people to the selected locations either in search of job or business activities. This would put pressure on the existing social amenities such as toilet, housing, and water resources and increase the prevalence of waterborne, STIs etc. Thus, impacts would likely be medium to high in the selected project locations 3.2.10 Knowledge about HIV/AIDS All households’ heads interviewed reported they have heard and are aware of the HIV/AIDS from health workers (75.7%), media (22.7%), family member/friend (1.1%) and school (0.5%) as indicated in Table 12. P a g e 17 | Table 12: Source of Information on HIV/AIDS Source of HIV/Aids Information Frequency % Family member or friend 3 1.1 Health worker 221 75.7 Media 66 22.7 School 1 0.5 Total 292 100 Source: Socio-Economic Household Survey, November 2018 The practice towards HIV/AIDS by households interviewed is awful and stigmatizing as 83.2% of households interviewed reported they will not buy food from somebody infected with HIV/AIDS because there is a tendency for the virus to transfer from the infected person to them. This implies that even though almost all of them have heard about the disease, they have little knowledge about the disease. This is supported by the quite significant proportion (40%) of household who are not willing to do a test or not sure of the disease. The little knowledge of HIV/AIDS by such large population means that significant effort is needed to engage and sensitize the population on such life-threatening global disease. 3.2.11 Water, Sanitation and Waste Management Potable Water As indicated in Figure 2, over 70% of the households in the study area rely primarily on underground water for both domestic and drinking purposes and less than 20% primarily reply on surface water. Figure 2: Source of Water Source: Socio-Economic Household Survey, November, 2018 P a g e 18 | The proposed intervention is likely to have zero impacts on community water sources and underground waters. Quite a significant proportion of households’ heads reported that there are problems with the quality of water they collect from within the community sources currently, as indicated in Table 13 Table 13: Perceived Quality of Water Water Quality Good or Bad Frequency % Yes 147 50.3 No 145 49.7 Total 292 100 Source: Socio-Economic Household Survey, November 2018 Results from the analysis, as indicated in Table 14, shows that majority (61.1%) of the households have got at least one source (see Figure 2) of potable water located within their premises. Table 14: Proximity to Potable Water Source Water Source Located within Frequency % Compound Yes 113 61.1 No 72 38.9 Total 185 100.0 Source: Socio-Economic Household Survey, November 2018 The survey data indicates that the average distance to a potable water source to households in the surveyed area is 22.4m, and it implies that most households within the surveyed area have better access to a potable water source (see Figure 2) irrespective of its quality. 3.2.12 Wastes Management and Sanitation On a broader basis, waste is generally categorized into two: solid and liquid wastes. The first could be, either domestic, industrial, office or agriculture; and the latter could either be waste waters or sewage (e.g. faeces). Well over 90% of solid wastes found in the study area were of domestic and agriculture in nature, sewage waste was the most eminent liquid waste identified during the study. As indicated in Table 15, about 38.0% of households interviewed reported they use ventilated improved pit latrine available within their premises whilst 37% of them use flush toilet in- house. The proposed intervention would have insignificant/zero impacts on these facilities. P a g e 19 | Table 15: Household Sanitary Facility Sanitary Facility Use by Household Frequency % Flush toilet in-house 109 37.3 Traditional pit latrine - Open space 72 24.7 Ventilated improved pit latrine 111 38.0 Total 292 100.0 Source: Socio-Economic Household Survey, November 2018 The proposed intervention is likely zero to impact on the waste generation and management. 3.2.13 Household Energy Use for Cooking and Lighting The type of energy source used by a household/person could affect the health and wellbeing of the person/households. For instance, using electric base cooker is healthier than using gas base cooker and gas base cooker is healthier than using coal and wood. Data captured from field survey shows, as presented in Table 16, that 85.9% of households in the study area do not use improved energy source for cooking food and warming homes. The proposed intervention is likely to impact positively on these energy sources as sufficient flow in electricity could alter the energy usage to a more improved system. Table 16: Household Source of Energy for Cooking Energy for Cooking and Warming Home Frequency % Gas 41 14.1 Charcoal 251 85.9 Total 292 100 Source: Socio Economic Household Survey, November 2018 Table 17 below indicates that about 94% of households surveyed use electricity from national grid and 3.2% use generator to light homes during night hours. The proposed project is most likely to impact positively these energy sources to a better energy source from the national grid. Table 17: Household Source of Energy for Lighting Homes Energy Source for Lighting Home Frequency % Electricity from generator 9 3.2 Electricity from National grid 276 94.6 Flash or Chinese light 7 2.2 Total 292 100 P a g e 20 | Source: Socio Economic Household Survey, November 2018 3.3 CONCLUSION ✓ Acceptance of project: An analysis of all data shows a total acceptance of the project by local residents; ✓ Livelihood disturbances could be one of the most important issues likely to be affected during implementation of proposed intervention; ✓ There is a youthful population and a bulk of labor availability. However, over 70% of the readily available youthful population is unskilled; ✓ Malaria is the most prevailing diseases that could undermine the health of the surveyed population. P a g e 21 | 4 POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK This Section discusses the policy, legal and institutional framework governing the implementation of the RF. 4.1 LEGAL AND REGULATORY CONTEXT 4.1.1 Constitution of Sierra Leone, 1991 The rights of individuals to own private property is guaranteed by the Constitution of Sierra Leone. The constitution also sets up the principles under which citizens may be deprived of their properties through compulsory acquisition, where such properties become subjects of state expropriation for public interest as described in Chapter III Section 21 of the 1991 Constitution. The constitution directs the responsible state institutions or agencies to pay prompt and adequate compensation to the affected-person in respect of the loss and impacts thereof. Entities and individuals who lose property through state expropriation also have access to the court or other impartial and independent authority for the determination of their interest or right, and the amount of any compensation which he/she is entitled to and for the purpose of obtaining prompt payment of that compensation. The Constitution is the mother of all laws in Sierra Leone and thus the project components that may trigger economic or physical displacement should be implemented within the ambit of the Constitution. 4.1.2 Sierra Leone National Land Policy 2015 Land administration in Sierra Leone is governed by a dual system of law, dispersed in about twenty statutes and regulations. In the Western Area of Sierra Leone, (See map below of Western Area) land tenure is governed by Property Statutes. P a g e 22 | Figure 3: Map of Western Area Source: ESHIA 2018 for the Freetown distribution improvement Land is either State (publicly) owned or privately owned. The right of the state to public land is inalienable and indefeasible. Rights of occupation over public land may be granted under warrant. The state has the power, conferred by the Unoccupied Lands Act, Cap 117, to take possession of unoccupied land. In the provinces, customary law co-exists with statute. The recognition of the force of customary law in the provinces is established by section 76 (1) of the Courts Act 1965. Through customary law, ownership of land is vested in the chiefdoms and communities; and cannot be owned freehold. Land always belongs to the communities under the different forms of tenure under customary law. This principle is established by the Chiefdom Councils Act as well as by Section 28 (d) of the Local Government Act 1994. The 2015 National Land Policy also provides for the compulsory acquisition of land in the public interest. The principles of the land policy include among others: the consideration of land as a common national or communal property resource held in trust for the people and which must be used in the long-term interest of the people of Sierra Leone. The principle holds where it does not violate existing rights of private ownership. Compensation to be paid for lands acquired through compulsory government acquisition will be fair and adequate and will be determined, among other things, through negotiations that take into consideration government investment in the area. Local Authorities (City and District Councils) may negotiate for land for project development purposes, but all such grants should be properly documented and processed. P a g e 23 | No interest in or right over any land belonging to an individual or family can be disposed of without consultation with the owner or occupier of the land. No interest in or right over any land belonging to an individual or family can be compulsorily acquired without payment, in reasonable time, of fair and adequate compensation. This policy highlights land distribution (acquisition and allocation), access to land by all Sierra Leoneans and investors, land tenure systems, land use planning and regulations, land management and administration systems and land adjudication systems. The following are policy statements in the National Land Policy: A. After the coming into force of this policy the sovereign title to Government/State lands and public lands shall vest in the National Lands Commission as follows:- I. As to Government/State lands in trust for the citizens of Sierra Leone as a whole; and II. As to public lands in trust for the citizens of Sierra Leone as a whole or in trust for the particular community that originally owned the land as prescribed by the statute or other law creating the same; and B. The sovereign title to private lands shall henceforth vest as follows: I. As to land held under freehold tenure in the Western Area in the individual, group of individuals or Corporate entity absolutely; II. As to communal lands in the Provinces in the new Chiefdom Lands Committee (instead of the Chiefdom Council) in trust for the particular community concerned; III. As to family lands held under family tenure in the Province in the family as a unit; IV. As to land held under Customary tenure in the Provinces in the Chiefdom Lands Committee/Village Area Lands Committee or the family which made the grant of usufructuary rights in perpetuity to the groups or individuals or corporate entity subject to the grantor’s residuary rights. The policy also specifies “public purpose” interest for which the state can compulsorily acquire land. These include; defense, public safety, public order, public morality, public health, town and country planning, and the development and utilization of property to promote public benefit. 4.1.3 Public Lands Ordinance, Cap 116,1808 Part 1 of CAP 116 of the public lands ordinance deals with the acquisition of land. The provision of the Ordinance may not apply to the Provinces. Under the Public Lands Ordinance Law the GoSL can acquire any land in the public interest as stated in Section .4. The declarations for the warrant of acquisition for such land are Gazetted. Section 5 of the law outlines the processes. Details of the process are provided in Public Lands and Compensation section below. P a g e 24 | 4.1.4 Local Government Act, 2004 The Act establishes the Local Council (LC) as the highest political authority in the locality and confers legislative and executive powers to be exercised in accordance with this Act. This Act in its First Schedule under Section 2 establishes the localities, namely: districts, towns and cities. Part II of this schedule also establishes the number of Paramount Chiefs in each LC. The Third Schedule establishes the functions devolved to the LCs. The Fourth and Fifth Schedules establish departments under each LC, and a Valuation List and Rate Books respectively. This Act focuses on having a meaningful decentralization and devolution of Government functions through the establishment and operation of local councils around the country including the Western Area Urban and Rural Districts, the operational area of the ESURP project. Local councils shall be responsible, generally for promoting the development of the locality and the people’s welfare in the locality with the resources at its disposal and with such resources and capacity as it can mobilize from the central government and its agencies, national and international organizations, and the private sector. Local councils have the responsibility to prepare a development plan, which shall guide the development of the locality. As the project is going to improve electricity situation in greater Freetown, the Freetown City Council has a role to play in terms of mobilizing community support for the project, facilitating consultation and disseminating information. 4.1.5 National Electricity Act of 2011 This Act unbundled the former National Power Authority (NPA) to two separate entities: EGTC and EDSA. Part VI outlines EDSA’s cardinal function as the supply, distribution and retailing of electricity for the entire country except in areas where a license has been issued to another qualified entity. Part X of the Act deals with land acquisition and related environmental practices. This Act gives the Minister powers to acquire land for EGTC or EDSA or both even if the land is private or some private interest in the land subject to payment of adequate compensation. Compensation of such land is paid by the GoSL firstly and the Authority or company will reimburse government at a later time. This Act also authorizes EGTC and EDSA to break streets for the purpose of laying supply lines at any height across any street or road and the erection of poles and any other erections for the purpose. The company or Authority is required to consult the relevant ministry before breaking any street and to restore breakage after completion of works. The act will apply to this project especially when rehabilitation works require breakage of roads and other public facilities. Section 58 of the National Electricity Act 2011 gives power to cut or lop any tree shrub or hedge, which obstructs or interfere with any supply line of the company or the authority, the laying or erection of any supply line or proposed route of the supply. A fourteen days’ notice should be given to the occupier of the land before the lopping and cutting of any tree, shrub or hedge. Section 59 and Section 60 of the Act talks about the power to enter land acquired by the Authority or company for certain purpose; given reasonable notice to the occupier of any land with the intention to enter and construct respectively. P a g e 25 | Electric cables should not be placed across any navigable waterway whether above or below or underground without the consent and approval of the Minister. Finally, all companies or independent power producers should comply with all environmental health and safety legislations as per S.62. 4.1.6 The Electricity Distribution and Supply Authority (EDSA) EDSA is responsible for the supply of electricity. Key functions of EDSA include: • be responsible for the supply, distribution and retail sale of electricity for the entire country except in areas which the Commission has issued a distribution license to another appropriately qualified entity; • be responsible for dispatch and system control of electricity within its territory; • establish as far as is practicable uniform standard voltages throughout its area of supply; • secure the supply of electricity at reasonable prices; • carry on any business usually associated with electricity distribution and supply; • promote and encourage the economic and efficient use of electricity, especially for domestic, commercial, agricultural, industrial and manufacturing purposes; • perform any other functions incidental or consequential to its functions under the 2011 Act. EGTC does not have any direct role, as their cardinal function is to generate electricity. 4.1.7 Sierra Leone Roads Authority (amendment) Act of 2010 Sierra Leone Roads Authority (SLRA) Act of 2010 is an amendment of the SLRA Act of 1992. The Authority has the legal mandate to set out the width of the Right -of -Way (RoW) as per the amendment of Act No.2 of 1992 S. 5 ss.2 paragraph C which states “…. For the attainment of the object stated in ss. 1, the Authority shall set the width of the right -of -way for roads, which forms part of the national network. The SLRA is the institution responsible for managing roads in the country. Their mandate is to develop and maintain the national roads network, advise Government on general road policies and contribute to addressing transport concerns, among others. The SLRA manages RoW issues in Sierra Leone, hence they have to give clearance for the use of the RoW with respect to this project. 4.1.8 WORLD BANK OPERATIONAL POLICY ON INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT (OP 4.12) P a g e 26 | WB requirements will apply where involuntary resettlement, impacts on livelihoods and assets, acquisition of land or restrictions to natural resources may take place as a result of the project. The policy stipulates that; a) Involuntary resettlement should be avoided or minimized where feasible, exploring all viable alternative project designs. Where displacement is unavoidable, resettlement plans should be developed. All involuntary resettlement should be conceived and executed as development programs with re-settlers provided sufficient resources and opportunities to share in project benefits. b) Displaced persons should be: (I) compensated for their losses at full replacement cost prior to the actual move; (II) assisted with the move and supported during the transition period in the resettlement site; and (III) assisted in their efforts to improve their living standards and livelihoods or at least to restore them to pre- displacement levels or levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. Particular attention should be paid to the needs of the poorest groups to be resettled. (c) Community participation in planning and implementing resettlement should be encouraged. Appropriate patterns of social organization should be established, and existing social and cultural institutions of re-settlers and their hosts should be supported and used to the greatest extent possible. (d) Re-settlers should be integrated socially and economically into host communities so that adverse impacts on host communities are minimized. The best way of achieving this integration is for resettlement to be planned in areas benefiting from the project and through consultation with future hosts. (e) Land, housing infrastructure, and other compensation should be provided to the adversely affected population, including vulnerable groups, who may have usufruct or customary rights to the land or other resources taken for the project. The absence of legal title to land by such groups should not be a bar to compensation. In the national context, both statute and customary law co-exist although in the case of conflict, statute takes precedence. For all Bank-funded projects, where there is a difference between the Bank requirement and national law, WB requirement will prevail. A comparison of the Law in Sierra Leone and WB requirement regarding compensation and the entire land acquisition process is presented below in Error! Reference source not found.. World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.12) is triggered by displacement caused by a bank-funded project or any loss of land or other assets resulting in: ▪ relocation or loss of shelter; ▪ loss of assets or access to assets; or ▪ loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected people must move to another location. P a g e 27 | The policy applies to all components of a bank-funded project that result in involuntary resettlement, regardless of the source of financing. It also applies to other activities resulting in involuntary resettlement that in the judgement of the Bank, are: ▪ directly and significantly related to the Bank-assisted project; ▪ necessary to achieve its objectives as set forth in the project documents; and ▪ carried out, or planned to be carried out, contemporaneously with the project. WB OP 4.12 provides that: ▪ involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible or minimized by exploring all viable alternative project designs; ▪ where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as sustainable development projects, providing sufficient investment resources to enable persons displaced by the project to share in project benefits; ▪ displaced persons should be meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement projects; ▪ displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. WB OP 4.12 further requires particular attention to be given to the needs of vulnerable groups, especially those below the poverty line including; • landless individuals and households; • elderly persons; • women and children; • indigenous groups and ethnic minorities; and • other disadvantageous persons. WB OP 4.12 safeguards against impoverishment risks of involuntary resettlement that may be associated with a development project. It addresses risks that the production systems of individuals, households or communities may be dismantled; people may face impoverishment when their productive assets or income sources are lost; people may be relocated to environments where their productive skills may be less applicable and the competition for resources greater; community institutions and social networks may be weakened; kin groups may be dispersed; and cultural identity, traditional authority, and the potential for mutual help may be diminished or lost. 4.2 LAND TENURE IN THE PROJECT AREA Procedures for Land Acquisition in the Western Area (Freetown) P a g e 28 | In the Western Area, the Law of Property Act (1925) forms the basis for land tenure. In greater Freetown, land acquisition is delivered through: (a) the formal market and (b) administrative government arrangements. The formal market is generally not well organized and to obtain land through it can be complex, costly and time consuming. The market confers private tenure in the form of either leasehold or freehold land. Over 70% of the residential properties in Freetown are under private leasehold with terms ranging from a few months to much longer periods. With respect to administrative government arrangements, people acquire land through standard residential and commercial leases of state land or through temporary licenses to occupy state land. Leases of state land are granted to individuals for an initial period of three years for residential purposes with certain conditions e.g. payment of the ground rent and survey charges. More importantly, if a substantial house is erected on the site, Government commonly sells the freehold interest to the lesee at a price recommended by the Director of Surveys and Lands and approved by the Minister. Licenses are leases granted to occupy state land temporarily and the term is one year, renewable on the anniversary of the commencement of the lease. These leases are found mostly in depressed or slum areas such as Kroo Bay, Red Pump and in Banana Water. Under family tenure a person is entitled to rights in the family through patrilineal inheritance. Responsibility for management of family land is vested in the head of the family assisted by principal members. The family head has the right to allocate unoccupied portions of family land to members of the family. Under individual tenure, families owning large pieces of land would allocate portions of land to individual members of the family to enable them set up their individual households. In some cases, some families after consultation may sell off land to individuals outside the family. 4.3 PUBLIC LAND ACQUISITION AND COMPENSATION PROCESS Under the Public Lands Ordinance Law the GoSL can acquire any land in the public interest as stated in Section .4. The declarations for the warrant of acquisition for such land are gazetted. Section 5 of the law outlines the processes in informing the owner or owners of the land accordingly. The steps comprise the following: 1. The Director of Surveys and Lands issues a warrant to the owner of the land in question; 2. The public interest is gazette; 3. After 21 days, the Director of Surveys and Lands can now enter the land and maps it out and signs it with his official seal; 4. The said land is registered with the Office of the Register General. Part 1 of this ordinance also outline the following: P a g e 29 | • power to enter into a survey; • power to enter and take a land by the Director of Surveys and Land with all necessary workmen and other servants; • how to mark out land acquired for the service or use of government; • plan and certificate to be registered; • registration to be conclusive; • power of the minister to sell lease when public work is abandoned or land is superfluous to requirement; and • cases in which the owner refuses to give up possession. Thus, in the instance where the project may require private land to be acquired, the steps above have to be followed. The ordinance provides for payment of compensation to the affected persons. Section 15 of the ordnance states that affected persons of any land appropriated by government for public benefit shall be entitled to compensation as per the value of the land. Compensation cannot be determined in isolation. As per Section 16 of the ordinance compensation should be determined through negotiation with the owner or the occupier or any other person having interest in a land that has been expropriated by government. 4.4 ANALYSIS OF SIERRA LEONEAN SYSTEM WITH RESPECT OF THE WORLD BANK REQUIREMENT There are significant gaps between Sierra Leonean laws and regulations and the requirements for resettlement as laid out in Bank requirement. Below is a short discussion of the most important differences. According to the World Bank requirement, explicit and adequate provision be made for project affected persons who are either displaced physically or economically or suffer other losses, to ensure that they are not worse off as a result of World Bank financed projects. Livelihoods of persons to be affected must be preserved, but in case this is inevitable, minimal displacement should occur. In instances where displacement is unavoidable, compensation should be paid to PAPs to help them to restore their social, economic and environmental livelihoods. There is no provision in Sierra Leonean law that the state should attempt to minimize involuntary resettlement. The Sierra Leonean statutes makes provision for compensations to be paid to only persons who have suffered any loss and can produce any form of title that is legal in the form of deeds, leaseholds, or legally binding tenancy agreement to the land in question. Bank requirement provides that even those without legal or legalizable claims to the land they are occupying are entitled to resettlement assistance in lieu of compensation for land and to compensation for lost of non-land assets. Sierra Leonean law does not make any specific accommodation for squatters or illegal settlers. P a g e 30 | WB requirement advises that the PAPs be assisted during their transition period in the resettlement site and efforts made to restore their livelihoods whereas the Sierra Leonean laws are silent on that. Sierra Leonean law requires prompt, adequate, and fair compensation for PAPs; this is not at par with WB requirement, which requires that compensation be completed prior to the start of the project. Additionally, there is no provision for relocation assistance, transitional support, or the provision of civic infrastructure under Sierra Leonean law. Sierra Leonean law makes no specific accommodations for potentially vulnerable groups such as women, children, the elderly, ethnic minorities, indigenous people, the landless, and those living under the poverty line. These groups are at highest risk to experience negative effects due to resettlement, and should receive special consideration during the preparation of a resettlement action plan to assure that they can maintain at least the same standard of living after displacement takes place. Error! Reference source not found. below presents the laws of Sierra Leone and World Bank Requirement P a g e 31 | Table 18: Comparison of the Laws of Sierra Leone and World Bank requirements with respect to the categories of PAPs WBG Requirements The Sierra Leonean's system Ad’hoc provisions to address (laws and policies) the gaps Both Sierra Leonean laws and Land owners: the World Bank requirement Cash compensation based upon Recommends land for-land recommends for compensation market value under statute. Compensation. Other of landowners and further Land for land under Customary compensation is at recognize the use of both cash Law replacement cost. compensation and land for land compensations. Land tenants: Are entitled Both the Bank’s policy and to some form of Entitled to compensation based Sierra Leonean laws have compensation based on upon land under statute provisions for compensating negotiation land tenants. Sierra Leone laws provides for compensation of asset loss on crop, but the Bank’s policy Land users: makes provision for Entitled to compensation for Entitled to compensation compensating and restoration of crops and all other forms of for crops, may be entitled to livelihood to pre-displacement improvements made to the land. replacement land and level. In accordance with Bank’s Land for land under customary income must be restored to provision, displaced land users law. pre-project levels at least. will be considered for livelihood assistance during the preparation and implementation of ARAP or RAP. Owners of non-permanent Sierra Leonean laws makes Cash compensation based on buildings: Entitled to cash provision for only cash P a g e 32 | compensation, movement market value under statute. compensation, but the Bank’s allowance, livelihood Policy additionally recommends assistance for income loss, for movable allowance and etc livelihood assistance. Movable allowance and livelihood assistance for this category of PAPs would be considered in the RAP or ARAP. Owners of permanent buildings Both the Banks policy and Sierra Leonean legal regime make Entitled to in-kind provision for compensation. compensation or cash Cash compensation based on Sierra Leone laws recommend compensation at full market value. for cash compensation based on replacement cost including market value whilst the Bank’s labour and relocation policy approves either cash or expenses, prior to replacement compensation. displacement. Crops Both regimes have the same Cash compensation based upon Market value for lost cash position and recommends for rates calculated as the one -year crops. cash compensation at market net agricultural income. value. Whilst the Banks policy stress on Timing of compensation Sierra Leonean law requires providing compensation before WB requires compensations prompt, adequate, and fair the start of the project, Sierra to be completed prior to the compensation for project Leonean laws does not. The affected people Bank’s requirement would be start of the project. followed to ensure prompt and adequate payment to all PAP’s P a g e 33 | before project starts. Relocation and resettlement To avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement and, where this is not feasible, to assist displaced The Sierra Leonean laws do not persons in improving or at There is no provision for make provision for either least restoring their relocation assistance, transitional avoiding, minimizing or livelihoods and standards support, or the provision of civic conducting involuntary of living in real terms infrastructure under Sierra resettlement. In the absence of relative to pre- Leonean law. this the Banks policy would be displacement levels or to duly followed. levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, which is higher Livelihood restoration The banks policy provides assistance extensive guidelines on Livelihoods and living restoration of livelihoods for There is no provision in Sierra standards are to be restored PAPs but the Sierra Leonean Leonean laws in real terms to pre- laws make not provision. The displacement levels or Bank’s policy will be applied in better this regard. Consultation and disclosure The Banks policy makes Consult project affected There is no provision in Sierra provision but Sierra Leonen persons, host communities Leonean laws laws do not. and local NGOs as appropriate. Provide them P a g e 34 | opportunities to participate in the planning, implementation and monitoring of the resettlement programme, especially in the process of developing and implementing the procedures for determining eligibility for compensation benefits and development assistance (as documented in a resettlement plan), and for establishing appropriate and accessible grievance mechanisms Grievance mechanisms and The Banks guidelines would be dispute resolution followed to establish grievance There is no provision in Sierra Establish appropriate and and dispute resolution system as Leonean laws accessible grievance there are no such provisions in mechanisms Sierra Leonean laws. P a g e 35 | 5 PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND POTENTIAL INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT Major activities under this project will include the construction of substations, transmission lines, rehabilitation and extension of the 11 kV lines. These major activities would be underpinned by site preparation, concrete works, erecting of poles, stringing of cables, construction of supporting building for substations and composition of the power equipment. Some of these activities are expected to cause involuntary resettlement, including physical and economic displacement with associated impacts. 5.1 DESCRIPTION OF SOME POTENTIAL IMPACT ISSUES The investments under Component 2 are likely to result in loss of shelter, loss of assets or access to assets, and/or loss of income sources or means of livelihood with or without physical displacement. In particular, the expected impacts will include: temporary relocation of individuals whose homes or businesses are below the transmission lines, destruction of physical assets that are within the Right of Way (RoW), destruction of economic crops under the transmission lines, etc. The line route around the Western Urban District is proposed along the RoW but these routes have a high density of occupancy with residential houses, kiosks, and makeshift structures. There is a substation location at Aberdeen a coastal neighborhood that houses numerous up- scale restaurants, hotels, beach and other tourist facilities. Some line route stretches from Murray Town to Congo Town, somewhere between Kingtom and Connaught hospital passes through the coastal low land. A large part of the Cline Town – Blackhall road route passes through the Granville Brook dumpsite. Substation locations at Cline Town currently host a sausage factory. P a g e 36 | Figure 4: The sausage factory using site for proposed substation P a g e 37 | Figure 5:SLCB facility on Proposed Substation land at Jui At Lumley, one of the settlements to benefit from the upgrade and rehabilitation of the supply and distribution system is a fast-growing community with commercial shops sprouting up along the RoW of the distribution system of EDSA. In the Western Rural district, it is anticipated that very little compensation will take place since most of the transmission line routes especially the Regent - Jui, Jui - Wellington and Jui - Waterloo is proposed along the RoW which has recently been cleared during the toll road construction works. Substation locations at Jui currently hosting a mobile bank for the Sierra Leone Commercial Bank (SLCB). It is very likely that construction activity at the Waterloo site will commence soon. Based on experience from similar projects in the past, Error! Reference source not found. summarizes proposed project activities and their anticipated impacts that could trigger involuntary resettlement including displacement and disruption of local livelihood and economic systems P a g e 38 | Table 19:Anticipated project impacts on assets and livelihood Type of activity Potential Impact on Land, Crops, Structures and Livelihoods Mitigation Plans Land Crops Structures Livelihoods Construction of sub Demolition of Some livelihood and RAP/ARAP or LRP to stations and Land may be Crops under the both permanent economic activities may be be prepared and required both transmission and makeshift disrupted, e.g. permanent implemented depending transmission lines: on the scope and temporarily and lines may be structures may displacement or temporary magnitude of permanently destroyed. happen disruption of business displacement impacts. structures and facilities (cash compensation and livelihood assistance) Upgrade of Switching Temporarily impact Demolition of No livelihood issues RAP/ARAP or LRP to substations and sub on land. No crops may be both permanent anticipated be prepared and transmission lines affected and temporary implemented depending on the scope and structures may magnitude of happen displacement impacts. (cash compensation and livelihood assistance) The scale up of the May lead to Demolition of Some livelihood and RAP/ARAP or LRP to ongoing rehabilitation destruction of both permanent economic activities may be be prepared and Permanent implemented depending and extension of 11kV acquisition of land crops under and makeshift disrupted, e.g. permanent on the scope and and Low Voltage required. transmission structures may displacement or temporary magnitude of distribution lines. Temporary lines happen disruption of business displacement impacts. disruption of access structures and facilities to structures (cash compensation and livelihood assistance) P a g e 39 | 6 PRINCIPLES, OBJECTIVES AND RESETTLEMENT PROCESS The activities of the project may trigger economic or physical displacement. Thus, this section of the RF details the WB’s policy on involuntary resettlement, principles and objectives. 6.1 PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES OF INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT The World Bank’s policy on involuntary resettlement (OP 4.12) covers direct economic and social impacts that results from Bank-assisted investment projects. It is triggered not only by physical relocation caused by a project but by any loss of land or other assets resulting in: ▪ relocation or loss of shelter; ▪ loss of assets or access to assets; ▪ loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected people must move to another location; or The policy applies to all components of a project that result in involuntary resettlement, regardless of the source of financing. It also applies to other activities resulting in involuntary resettlement that in the judgement of the World Bank, are: ▪ directly and significantly related to the Bank-assisted project; ▪ necessary to achieve its objectives as set forth in the project documents; and ▪ carried out, or planned to be carried out, contemporaneously with the project. The objectives of the involuntary resettlement policy are to: ▪ avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement where feasible, exploring all viable alternative project designs; ▪ assist displaced persons in improving their former living standards, income earning capacity, and production levels, or at least in restoring them; ▪ encourage community participation in planning and implementing resettlement; and ▪ provide assistance to affected people regardless of the legality of land tenure. The policy safeguards against impoverishment risks of involuntary resettlement that may be associated with a development project. It addresses risks that the production systems may be dismantled; people may face impoverishment when their productive assets or income sources are lost; people may be relocated to environments where their productive skills may be less applicable and the competition for resources greater; community institutions and social networks may be weakened; kin groups may be dispersed; and cultural identity, traditional authority, and the potential for mutual help may be diminished or lost. P a g e 40 | OP 4.12 further requires particular attention to the needs of vulnerable groups, especially those below the poverty line including : • landless individuals and households; • elderly persons; • women and children; • other disadvantageous persons. The World Bank’s Policy requires that where OP4.12 is applied, a resettlement action plan (RAP) shall be prepared and cleared by the Bank prior to the implementation of resettlement activities. It is a requirement of the Bank for adequate provision to be made for compensation and other assistance to Project Affected Persons, to restore livelihoods when these are affected appreciably and this must be done prior to the displacement of people. In particular, the policy requires that possession of land for project activities may take place only after compensation has been paid. Resettlement sites, new homes and related infrastructure, public services and moving allowances must be provided to the affected persons in accordance with the provisions of the RAP. The basic resettlement principles and guidelines include: 1. Persons affected by land acquisition and face relocation or loss of incomes associated with change in land use due to the project would be given prompt and effective compensation that reflect current market realities so that they can improve or at least maintain their former standard of living; 2. The estimation of the compensation cost and/or benefit will be based on the Full Replacement method so that the cost of land and other properties taken and demolished are accounted for. This will ensure that the living standards of the project affected persons are maintained or improved above the pre-displacement level; 3. Resettlement/rehabilitation of affected persons, where needed (preparation of resettlement action plan), make provision for multiple options for resettlement (self- relocation or assisted relocation) of the affected residential structures, including informal dwellers/squatters; 4. Consult affected persons meaningfully and provide opportunities for them to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs. Inform affected persons about their rights/options pertaining to land acquisition/resettlement; 5. Project Affected Persons would be given full information on the qualification (eligibility), mode of compensation, the restoring plan of production income, and the project’s progress and be involved in the enforcement of resettlement arrangements (community participation); 6. If physical relocation is involved, include measures to ensure displaced persons are provided assistance (such as moving allowance) during relocation and provided with residential housing, or housing sites, or, as required, agricultural sites of equivalent productive and location advantages; 7. Where necessary, include measures to ensure displaced persons are offered support after displacement, for a transitional period, based on a reasonable estimate of the time P a g e 41 | likely to be needed to restore their livelihood and standard of living, and provided with development assistance in addition to compensation measures (such as land preparation, credit facilities, training, or job opportunities); 8. Compensation and rehabilitation assistance will be paid before displacement. The land and/or property affected would be taken only when the PAPs are satisfied with the compensation arrangements. No civil works will be initiated unless compensation for land and assets and rehabilitation assistance is provided to all eligible PAPs; 9. The implementing agency would supervise the resettlement activities including the payment of compensation as well as monitoring and evaluation; 10. Appropriate grievance redress mechanism will be established at multiple levels to ensure speedy resolution of disputes, if any; 11. All activities related to resettlement planning, implementation, and monitoring will ensure involvement of vulnerable groups (including women and people living with disabilities). Incorporate special measures and assistance for vulnerable groups. 6.2 AVOIDING OR MINIMIZING INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT To avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement, the RAP team may conduct pre-resettlement walk-throughs with the design engineers/contractors to re-survey and optimize the RoW. The design team together with staff from EDSA shall identify impacts within the RoW that can be avoided and make recommendations to avoid impacts. The table below presents a summary of measure considered to minimize involuntary resettlement. Table 20:Measure considered to minimize involuntary resettlement Subproject Arrangements to avoid or Measures to address residual minimize involuntary impacts, if any. resettlement Construction of sub stations The design engineer would Cash compensation or and transmission lines: consider a minimum replacement of temporary and horizontal clearance of 2m permanently destroyed and vertical clearance of 3m. structures. The scale up of the ongoing Where there are road Other livelihood assistance rehabilitation and extension of crossings, the distance would be provided to restore 11kV and low voltage between poles will be limited livelihoods of PAPs. distribution lines. to 55m to 65m to avoid Cash compensation or Upgrade of switching sagging. For straight lines replacement for land. substations, sub transmission with no crossing points, a and distribution lines. maximum of 90m between poles can be agreed. If there are physical assets, where terminal poles are to be installed at a 450 angle, flying P a g e 42 | stays can be used instead of ground stays to ensure safety of lives and property All cables shall be insulated to manage health and safety risks For relatively crowded areas, the distance between poles can be limited 6.2.1 Cut-off Dates/Moratorium When the route and sites for the construction and rehabilitation of power distribution lines are selected for this project, EDSA will decide on a cut-off date as well as plan and carry out census and asset inventory. The date will be determined in a way that it is consistent with the laws of Sierra Leone and the World Bank Policy requirements. The cut-off date serves as the deadline for which project-affected persons qualify for entitlement to compensation. To ensure consistency between country laws and WB policy, the cut-off date should be the date of inventory of assets/properties, which will then inform preparation, consultation, and implementation of appropriate Resettlement Action Plans, Livelihood Assistance Plans, and other forms of social support. The cut-off date will be communicated to affected persons and communities through radio announcements, posted bills, phone calls, local information vans, and other means. Persons who enter or undertake developments along the route after the cut- off-date are not eligible for compensation and/or resettlement assistance. It should be noted that there is a limit to which a cut-off date can prevent people from developing their properties. When a project is significantly delayed, PAPs are often unable to observe project moratorium on developments, and census and asset inventory results can become outdated before commencement of project works. 6.3 RESETTLEMENT MEASURES This section details cash compensation as well as income and livelihood restoration measures, which may be used to mitigate impacts of involuntary resettlement relating to the project. 6.4 TYPES OF COMPENSATION ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. Compensation types can be in the following: • cash compensation would be in Sierra Leone local currency (Sierra Leone Leones). Compensation would be calculated at new replacement value and rates would be adjusted for inflation; P a g e 43 | • in-kind compensation shall include items such as lands, building materials (equal or better value), seedlings, agricultural inputs, etc. If building materials are provided, transport and labour costs must also be provided; • additional assistance may include moving allowances, labour, food and rent during transition period; As part of supplementary assistance to PAPs, legal aid would be offered to relocated PAPs to regularize transfer of titles and tenure of land security at new locations. • economic rehabilitation assistance may include training, capacity building as well as provision of assistance to facilitate re-establishment of livelihood such as seedlings, agricultural inputs and financial credit for tools and equipment. 6.4.1 Cash compensation Cash compensation would be based on the laws of Sierra Leone and the World Bank’s policy on involuntary resettlement. Thus, this RF recommends cash compensation based on market value plus transaction costs. Compensation of structures shall be at full replacement value (no depreciation). The land for land compensation would be equivalent for productivity, location advantages, and acceptable to PAPs as a rule of thumb but this shall be determined by the MoE/EDSA. 6.4.2 Income and livelihood restoration Income and livelihood restoration strategies will be based on the findings of the income generation activities recorded during the socio-economic studies of the RAP. It is best not to change people’s livelihoods. The livelihood restoration approach should build on existing knowledge/expertise as much as possible. Livelihood restoration support will target persons directly impacted by the project. 6.4.3 Overview of the resettlement preparation process The World Bank Operational Policies on involuntary resettlement require the assessment of involuntary resettlement to be accompanied by the preparation of resettlement instrument. In this regard, the Bank requires that beyond the preparation of this RF, a satisfactory Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) or an Abbreviated Resettlement Plan (ARAP) is prepared and submitted to the Bank for approval before the sub-projects under the ESURP is appraised for Bank financing (OP/BP 4.12). After the actual designs and transmission sites are determined, EDSA will facilitate the assessment of project activities impacts on assets and livelihoods to determine the need for the preparation of starting the resettlement process. The results of the assessment will also establish the number of individual displaced to inform the kind of resettlement instrument to be prepared, thus either a full RAP or ARAP. The resettlement process will duly follow the outline presented as Appendix 1. P a g e 44 | Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) In accordance with the World Bank OP/BP 4.12, a RAP will be prepared when the assessment establishes that more than 200 individuals are displaced. Any RAP prepared under ESUPR project will be sent for World Bank approval before commencing resettlement activities and resettlement activities will be completed before starting the transmission layout. Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP) Based on the same World Bank OP/BP 4.12, an ARAP will be prepared when less than 200 individuals are identified to be displaced. All ARAPs will be committed to World Bank approval before commencing resettlement activities contained in the plan. Resettlement activities in the plan would also be completed before commencing field activities of ESUPR project. Census of Affected Persons & Assets Upon identification of the need for involuntary resettlement in a sub-project, the project will carry out a census to identify the persons/assets/livelihood that will be affected by the sub- project. A stakeholder analysis would be done to identify all persons with interest or that would be affected by the project. This will help the project to determine who will be eligible for assistance. This exercise is also intended to avert the influx of ineligible people living outside the sub-project area of impact but who might want to take advantage and claim for assistance. The start of the census will mark the cut off-date for eligibility for compensation. Consultations on resettlement action planning and implementation Stakeholder consultations will be a major activity during the preparation and implementation of either ARAP or RAP preparation. This would be done to disseminate project information and get inputs of stakeholders particularly PAPs into the preparation and implementation of ARAP or RAP. The consultation exercise will ensure balance participation of PAPs particularly women, youth and other groups at risk of exclusion. When necessary, consultations would be held in local languages and in locations easily accessible to PAPs. P a g e 45 | 7 PROPERTY VALUATION AND COMPENSATION ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. The national laws do not have a specific framework for the valuation of assets. Thus, this framework proposes a transparent method for the valuation of all assets affected by the project. These methods should include consultation with representatives of the affected communities to assess the adequacy and acceptability of the proposed compensation. Such consultation is especially important where market values for assets are not well established or intangible (social or cultural values that are not readily monetized). 7.1 VALUATION OF PROPERTIES ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. The lands to be impacted by the project are likely to fall under one of the following categories: state-owned and privately-owned. State owned lands would be allocated freely for project purposes, except where the land is being encroached upon by people. Privately-owned land would be acquired at the market value. 7.1.1 Basis of Valuation Error! Bookmark not defined. The legal basis and guidelines for valuation shall be derived from the constitution and other relevant laws of Sierra Lone and the World Bank’s Involuntary Resettlement Policy OP 4.12. 7.1.2 Valuation methods and compensation rates Compensation shall be assessed and shall be granted at Full Replacement Cost. Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 21: Valuation Methods Type of Loss Method of Valuation Comparative Market Value – This involves direct comparison of property’s valuation features with those of the immediate and surrounding locality. Alternatively, the Loss of land valuation approach should be adopted if there is no vibrant free market for land. In this case, interested parties should negotiate to agree upon amicable price for the land as well as lost crops. Replacement Cost Method or Comparative Sales Method (which gives a commensurate value). This will involve estimation of the Loss of building/structure and other civil works gross replacement cost of a structure to arrive at an estimated cost of constructing a substituted structure. It will also include cost of registration and transfer of taxes P a g e 46 | Loss of income from rent and expenditure Comparative Sales Method incurred for alternative accommodation during reinstatement period Expenditure incurred for transfer of chattels, Comparative Method movable properties and temporary structures 7.1.3 Valuation responsibility Error! Bookmark not defined. The following institution shall have responsibility for the valuation process: 1. Ministry of Lands, Housing and the Environment MLHE will provide oversight in the verification of survey claims and delineation/demarcation of boundaries in the event of disputes 2. Ministry of Public Works and Assets/National Asset and Government Property Commission This Ministry shall assist in the valuation of properties as they have a mandate to value government property. This Ministry has oversight responsibility over SLRA and thus they have a specific role in the valuations of kiosks, stall etc along the RoW. 3. Ministry of Agriculture/Planning, Evaluation, Monitoring and Statistics Division (P.E.M.S.D.) This Ministry shall assist in valuation of crops more especially in the Western Rural Communities. P.E.M.S.D. have a data base on the market value of crops that is updated on a weekly basis. 4. Law Officers Department/Ministry of Justice The Law Officers Department shall superintend over the whole valuation process to add legality to the entire valuation process. 5. Freetown City Council/Western Area Rural District Council These two councils shall assist in asset valuations based on their valuation lists of properties or rolls. 6. Representative(s) of the affected communities Representatives from affected communities shall assist with information on the market value of properties within their wards. P a g e 47 | 7.2 MODE OF COMPENSATION PAYMENT ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. As compensation payment procedures are not addressed under Sierra Leone’s national laws, EDSA shall establish a method for delivering compensation (either cash payments or in-kind allocations, as in the case of land-for-land compensation). EDSA may collaborate with local commercial banks to effect payments to eligible PAPs. Those eligible for compensation would be given advance notice of the date, time, and place of payments via public announcement. Receipts should be signed by all those receiving compensation payments and retained for auditing purposes. The payment of compensation will be monitored and verified by representatives of EDSA as well as representatives of the affected communities, which can often include community-based organizations and local NGOs. It may be appropriate for EDSA and government authorities to engage the services of a registered auditing firm to monitor compensation payments. P a g e 48 | 8 ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA AND ENTITLEMENT MATRIXERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. According to World Bank OP 4.12 to which this project is in compliance, the criteria for determining PAPs are as follows: • those who have formal legal rights to the land or assets they occupy or use; • all PAPs who are in the project area before the cut-off date is announced; • those who do not have formal legal rights to the land or assets, but have a claim to land that is recognized or recognizable under national law. Communal lands usually fall in this category; • those who have no recognizable legal right or claim to the land or assets they occupy or use. Squatters and encroachers fall under this category. Table 22: Entitlement Matrix Category of PAPs Project impact Compensation policy Other measures Land for land (of equivalent productivity, location advantages, and acceptable to Loss of land PAPs) Land clearance Land owners (permanent or with title) Cash compensation based on market value plus transaction costs Right to salvage materials Permanent loss Compensation of structures Transport assistance Property owners of structures at full replacement value (no (cash) (structures) (residential or depreciation) business) Disturbance allowance Valuation based on Property owners Loss of crops reasonable loss (market rates) (crops) Compensation of non- Transport assistance Land users (rental Loss of non- movables if installation was accommodation) movables agreed with landlord. 6 months’ rent Vendors and Loss of Right to salvage small business structures Compensation of structures materials owners without (semi- at full replacement value title/encroachers permanent or Transport assistance P a g e 49 | temporary (cash) structures) Disturbance allowance Business owners Limitation of Valuation of limitation of use (temporary income- (based on daily income) impacts) earning Residents Restrictions to Disturbance (temporary assets allowance impacts) Physically Additional logistical disabled PAPs support, for example, facilitation of physical move. P a g e 50 | 9 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM Error! Bookmark not defined. No matter how well risks and impacts are managed, a project will always generate grievances. What is critical is how the project handles grievances. A grievance redress mechanism is necessary for addressing the legitimate concerns of the PAPs. It is anticipated that these concerns will focus mainly on eligibility criteria, and compensation entitlements for loss of livelihood or use of land. 9.1 OBJECTIVE ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. The objective of the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) is to ensure that procedures are in place to allow affected people to lodge a complaint or a claim without cost and with the assurance of a timely and satisfactory resolution of that complaint or claim. The GRM is also to ensure that vulnerable groups including women have equal access to grievance redress procedures. Specifically, the objectives of the GRM are to: • provide affected people with avenues for making a complaint or resolving any dispute that may arise during the course of the project implementation and determination of entitlements of compensation and implementation of the project; • ensure that appropriate and mutually acceptable redress actions are identified and implemented to the satisfaction of complainants; • minimize the need to resort to judicial proceedings; and • improve community support for project activities. 9.2 POTENTIAL SOURCES OF GRIEVANCE/ DISPUTES ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. During the resettlement process, a grievance can trigger from a wide range of issues including but not limited to the issues outlined below: Administrative Issues • delays in resolving complaints of PAPs; • disagreement with the computation of the resettlement or livelihood assistance or transportation cost. Land acquisition and involuntary resettlement • disagreement over qualification to be a project affected person; • mistake in inventorying or valuing properties; • disagreement on property boundaries, either between the affected person and the expropriation agency or between two neighbours; • disputed ownership of a given asset (two or more affected people claim that the affected asset is theirs); • disagreement on asset valuation methods and compensation amounts in cash or in- kind; P a g e 51 | • exclusion from list of PAPs; • no response to complaints made. Community Issues • siting of the project/subproject; • successions, divorces, and other family issues resulting in disputed ownership or disputed shares between inheritors or family members. A grievance redress mechanism will be set up to receive, investigate, address and resolve complaints and grievances associated with the project. As part of the mechanism, the project will set a GRM committee to be responsible for resolving complaints. The GRM will have the following features: • avenues for reporting and recording complaints; • procedures for assessment of the grievance; • a time frame for responding to the grievances; • the mechanisms for adjudicating grievances and appealing judgments. In the interest of all parties concerned, the grievance redress mechanisms are designed with the objective of solving disputes at the earliest possible time. World Bank OP. 4.12 emphasizes that the PAPs should be heard and as such, they must be fairly and fully represented. The committee will include PAP representation with equal participation for men and women. In Sierra Leone, community leadership play a significant role in managing grievances. Even in the capital Freetown, members of a community are still heavily reliant on community leadership in decision-making processes. • Redress in the Court of Law Where resolution is not reached at the level of the RAP IC or if the PAP does not receive a response or is not satisfied with the outcome within the agreed time, he/she can appeal to the court of law. The PAP shall be exempt from all administrative and legal fees incurred pursuant to the grievance redress procedures. 9.3 THE GRIEVANCE REDRESS PROCESS ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. Grievance related to any aspect of the project will be handled through negotiations, which will be aimed at achieving consensus following the procedures outlined below: I. Grievances will be filed by the person affected by the project with the Grievance Redress Committee (GRC), which will act within 15 days on receipt thereof. II. If no understanding or amicable solution can be reached, or if the affected person does not receive a response from the GRC within 15 days of the registry of the complaint, he/she can appeal to the Resettlement Implementation Committee (RIC) (if set up) which should act on the complaint/grievance within 15 days of the day of its filing. P a g e 52 | III. Another 15 days will be given for mediation between the complainant and the RIC IV. If the affected person is not satisfied with the decision of the RIC, he/she, as a last resort, may submit the complaint to a court of law. 9.3.1 Registration/ Receipts of complaints Error! Bookmark not defined. All complaints received in writing (or written when received verbally) will be documented by the GRC with the oversight of ESDSA. A grievance register will be kept to maintain records of all complaints received, when they were received, actions taken and the status of the complaint lodged. The register is expected to facilitate monitoring and reporting on complaints received. The existence of the grievance registration center, its location and how to access it would be widely disseminated within the project catchment area. 9.3.2 Determining and implementing the redress action Error! Bookmark not defined. Determining and implementing redress at the GRC Level: • within the first 4 (four) days of the 15 (fifteen) days after a complaint has been lodged, the GRC will look into the complaints after documentation and checks it against the system and processes for data collection and possible compensation to determine if the complainant has a case; • if the complainant has a case, within the last 11 days of the 15 days, the GRC will determine the gaps and recommend to the RIC for approval and implementation. Determining and implementing redress at the RIC Level: • in the event that the complainant still feels aggrieved, he or she takes the complaint to the RIC • at this stage, the RIC will call for all documents relating to the complaints right from the data collection/ census stage within the first 4 (four) days • in the next 11 (eleven) days, the RIC will go to the field to make a determination of the complaint and eventually take action. 9.3.3 Verifying the redress action Error! Bookmark not defined. After successful determination of the complaint by the RIC/GRC, a follow up action will be taken by one of these two committees to verify the implementation of the redress. When necessary the RIC/GRC team will visit the affected property site to confirm the redress action being carried out. In cases where complainant becomes dissatisfied with the outcome of the redress action, the compliant will be guided to take additional steps to resolve the issue. 9.3.4 Monitoring and Evaluation Error! Bookmark not defined. Monitoring and evaluation will provide RIC/GRC with feedback on implementation of redress actions on complaints and to identify problems and successes as early as possible to allow timely adjustment of redress actions that may have to do with physical progress of resettlement and rehabilitation activities, the disbursement of compensation and the sustainability of income restoration and development efforts among affected communities. The monitoring and evaluation team of the GRC shall provide quarterly update on monitoring the effectiveness of the redress actions to the RIC. P a g e 53 | 9.3.5 Dissatisfaction and Additional Steps Error! Bookmark not defined. The GRM has provided adequate procedures and mechanisms for the aggrieved person to seek redress. However, if the person is not satisfied with the decision of the RIC, he/she, as a last resort, may submit the complaint to a competent court of law. 9.4 MEMBERSHIP, FUNCTION AND FINANCING OF THE GRCERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. EDSA will be the implementing entity to prepare for and implement all possible grievance redress issues. Suggested Membership of the GRC: • Ministry of Energy; • EDSA; • Ministry of Finance; • Ministry of Justice; • Parliamentary Oversight Committee on Energy; • Sierra Leone Roads Authority; • Freetown City Council/Councilors/Ward Committee Members/Tribal Heads; • Ministry of Lands, Housing and Environment; • Sierra Leone Police; • Ministry of Agriculture. General Functions: The GRC would continue throughout project implementation as a structure to oversee grievance redress issues to: • ensuring multi stakeholder consultation, collaboration and coordination; • take responsibility for the groundwork required to implement possible grievance issues; • the responsibility for grievance management and provide overall guidance to the grievance redress mechanism; • Maintain/record all data and information on grievance issues. Specific Functions: 1. EDSA: shall chair the committee and shall be responsible to convene meetings; give responsibilities to committee members and moderate meetings 2. ESURP: the Facilitator/ Secretariat, will be responsible for the following: P a g e 54 | • coordinate, organize and facilitate committee and PAP meetings, including preparation of an agreed standing agenda, presentations and sending minutes to stakeholders; • co-ordinate and liaison, including tracking and reviewing project progress through regular meetings with respective committee members and committees; • Ongoing reporting and communication to all stakeholders, through a communication strategy, on the progress of committee related matters. 3. Disputes Sub-committee: • receive all complaints; • investigate all complaints and aim to resolve them internally; • refer grievances to the GRC. 4. Ministry of Lands, Housing and the Environment: • facilitate preparation and signing of survey plans for EDSA in the event there is land acquisition; • verify survey claims; • participate in stakeholder consultations; • support in providing alternative public land for affected business that will be demolished. 5. Freetown City Council: • verify asset valuations; • support in providing alternative land for affected businesses that will be demolished; • Support the demolition of affected structures; • provide guidance on livelihood restoration for urban enterprises; • public relations support; • manages the Councilors. 6. Sierra Leone Roads Authority: • establish the required RoW for roads; • provide formula for compensation; • support demolition of structures. 7. Law Officers’ Department: • draft compensation agreements; • provide guidance on grievance resolution; • participate in compensation sign-off meetings. 8. Sierra Leone Police: • safety and security during construction and demolition of structures; • traffic management during construction. Financing will be obtained from project funds. P a g e 55 | 9.5 SCHEDULE TEMPLATE FOR GRIEVANCE REDRESS AND INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. Figure 6: Flow chart for Grievance Redress P a g e 56 | 10 CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE This Section discusses the stakeholder consultations required in the process for the development of a RAP. 10.1 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. Early stakeholder consultation helps to manage public expectations concerning the impact of a project and its expected benefits. Subsequent consultations provide opportunities for EDSA and representatives of people affected by the project to negotiate compensation packages and eligibility requirements, resettlement assistance, and the timing of possible resettlement activities. In accordance with the World Bank requirement public consultation with people affected by resettlement would be a mandatory exercise under this project. The objective of consultations should be to secure the participation of all people affected by the project in the resettlement planning and implementation, particularly in the following areas: • alternative project design; • assessment of project impacts; • resettlement strategy; • compensation rates and eligibility for entitlements; • choice of resettlement site and timing of relocation; • development opportunities and initiatives; • development of procedures for redressing grievances and resolving disputes; and • mechanisms for monitoring and evaluation and for implementing corrective actions. Regular consultation with affected people allows project management to monitor the adequacy and effectiveness of possible resettlement compensation packages, livelihood restoration efforts, and development initiatives. 10.2 CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE RF ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. Early in the consultation process, EDSA should: • identify all stakeholders; • inform local government, MPs, Councilors and local community organizations of the plan for the project as soon as feasible and ask them to inform their constituents; • brief all project line managers and personnel who will interact on a regular basis with people affected by the project regarding the anticipated effects of the project and measures to mitigate its impact; P a g e 57 | • after completion of census and the public notice of the eligibility cut-off date, arrange for the MoE to issue formal notice banning the construction or approval of construction of new buildings or capital improvements in areas to be affected by the project; • prepare an illustrated resettlement information booklet providing details on eligibility, rates of compensation and other entitlements, a timetable for implementation, and all applicable grievance procedures; and • prepare and issue regular resettlement information updates. This RF also suggests that the possible resettlement activities be disclosed to the public. World Bank’s Operational Policy 4.01 requires that projects with possible resettlement issues prepare and publicly disclose RAP. EDSA must provide copies of the RAP for submission to the World Bank Infoshop for public access for at least 60 days before formal consideration of the project is made. The 60-day disclosure period will allow time for all interested and affected parties to submit their comments and concerns about the RAP. Under certain circumstances, EDSA will be required to publicly disclose the RAP 30 days before World Bank’s consideration. In the national context, the EPA Act 2010 details in PART IV, Section 27 and 28 the need for public disclosure of their ESIAs, ESMPs and RAPs. The proponent, and in this case EDSA, shall open such documents for public inspection and comments and shall give notice to that effect in two consecutive issues of the Gazette and two issues in a newspaper, except that in the case of a newspaper there shall be an interval of at least seven days between the first and second publications. Comments made under this section shall be submitted within fourteen days of the last publication in the Gazette or newspaper as the case may be, to the Executive Director. The Executive Director shall, after receiving the comments, submit to the Board for its consideration. P a g e 58 | 11 VULNERABLE GROUP CONSIDERATION ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. According to the 2015 Housing and Population Census, Western Area Urban has an estimated population of 1055, 964 comprising 528, 207 males and 527, 757 females while Western Rural district has an estimated population of 444, 270 consisting of 221, 351 men and 222, 919 women. Thus, women comprise a disproportionately large number of the poor. Gender discrimination limits women’s access to resources, opportunities, and public services necessary to improve the standard of living for themselves and their families. As a result, women are often the first to suffer when resettlement is planned or executed badly. Women tend to rely more heavily than men do on informal support networks, such as the help of friends, neighbors, or relatives for child care. Women with children also have less physical mobility to travel to find ways of earning a livelihood. World Bank Operational Policy OP 4.12 requires particular attention to the needs of vulnerable groups, especially those below the poverty line including: • landless individuals and households; • elderly persons, usually from age 70 and above; • persons with disability; • women and children; • indigenous groups and ethnic minorities; • other disadvantageous persons; • households victimized by HIV/AIDS that are headed by children and aged handicapped; • ebola victims. 11.1 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE GROUPS ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. Identification of vulnerable groups would be part of the census to identify PAPs and assets. The census instrument will be customized to collect relevant data that would aid the identification of vulnerable groups. After the exercise, vulnerable persons identified would be further screened to determine the level of livelihood support or compensation that needs to be considered for them. 11.2 ASSISTANCE TO VULNERABLE PERSONS ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. Special assistance to vulnerable groups may consist of the following: P a g e 59 | • provision for separate and confidential consultation; • relocation near to family members and former neighbors; • assistance with dismantling salvageable materials; • priority access to all other mitigation and development assistance; • monitoring of nutritional and health if applicable; and • improve their participation in consultation process and access to legal aid. 11.3 PROVISIONS TO BE MADE IN RAPS/ARPS ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. The RAP should document the assistance measures that the EDSA will put into effect for all vulnerable groups during the physical relocation and rehabilitation of affected communities. P a g e 60 | 12 MONITORING AND EVALUATION Error! Bookmark not defined.This Section discusses the monitoring and evaluation process that accompanies the implementation of a RAP 12.1 OBJECTIVES OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. Monitoring and evaluation would be a key component of the RF. The objective of monitoring is to provide EDSA with feedback on possible RAP implementation and to identify problems and successes as early as possible to allow timely adjustment of implementation arrangements. There will be two levels of monitoring: internal and external. 12.2 INTERNAL MONITORING ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. EDSA will examine data collected and collated from field activity. Progress reports will be prepared by EDSA and submitted to the World Bank on a monthly basis. 12.2.1 Scope and content Error! Bookmark not defined. 1. Verify possible RAP implementation reports by a field check of the following: • payment of compensation including its levels and timing; • settlement of land/resource access claims; • preparation and adequacy of resettlement sites; • adequacy of training and other developmental inputs; • Rehabilitation of vulnerable groups; • enterprise relocation, compensation and its adequacy; • transition allowances. 2. Interview a random sample of affected people in open-ended discussion to assess their knowledge and concerns regarding the resettlement process, their entitlements and rehabilitation measures. 3. Observe public consultations with affected people in the project area P a g e 61 | 4. Observe the function of the resettlement operation at all levels to assess its effectiveness and compliance with the proposed RAP. 5. Check the type of grievance issues and the functioning of grievance redress mechanisms by reviewing the processing of appeals at all levels and interviewing aggrieved affected people. 6. Survey the standards of living of the affected people (and of an unaffected control group where feasible) before and after implementation of resettlement to assess whether the standards of living of the affected people have improved or been maintained. 7. Advise project management regarding necessary improvements in the implementation of the RAP, if any. 12.2.2 Monitoring indicators Error! Bookmark not defined. A simple checklist would be developed to monitor encroachments in the RoW and a letter of ‘Encroachment Notification’ should be drafted and signed by EDSA. This will be issued to the developer. Monthly progress report should be prepared by the ESMS and should detail the challenges and options for mitigation. Monitoring indicators could include: • total number of eligible PAPs; • number of PAPs to whom the compensation packages have been disclosed; • number of households that have consented to their compensation packages; • number of households that have received their compensation packages; • number of households allocated replacement land; • number of households allocated replacement houses (if applicable); • number of PAPs that demolished their structures after receiving the compensation; and had an opportunity to salvage material deemed valuable; • number of households enrolled for the livelihood restoration program; • status on on-going income restoration activities; • number of vulnerable households supported during the transition period; • type of support given to vulnerable households; • number of grievances received, number of grievances resolved, number of grievances pending resolution, number of project grievances forwarded to the Law Court, and number of project grievances resolved at the RAP IC level. 12.3 INTERNAL EVALUATION ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. Internal monitoring will be necessary to follow-up and assess internal mechanism during the course of the project life cycle. 12.3.1 Evaluation objectivesError! Bookmark not defined. The key objective of evaluation is to determine whether EDSA’s efforts to restore the living standards of the affected population have been properly conceived and executed. The audit should verify that all physical inputs committed in the possible RAP have been delivered P a g e 62 | and all services provided. The socioeconomic status of the affected population, including the host population, should be measured against the baseline conditions of the population before displacement, (as established through the census and socioeconomic studies). The completion audit should be undertaken after all possible RAP inputs—including development initiatives—have been completed. The timing of the audit thus enables EDSA to undertake corrective action, if any, as recommended by the auditors before the project is complete. In the majority of cases, the completion audit should bring to closure EDSA’s liability for resettlement, compensation, livelihood restoration, and development support. 12.4 EXTERNAL MONITORING AND EVALUATION External monitoring will be necessary to follow-up and assess field activity during the course of the survey. Monitoring indicators will be identified by the various committees, the Witness NGO and other parties. Progress reports will be prepared and submitted to EDSA on a quarterly basis. The project will hire an Independent Observer, to externally monitor all engagements with the PAPs until compensation payments are made and the demolition of affected properties is concluded. This task will be carried out in parallel with the implementation of each RAP activity and will entail field visits and communication with PAPs. The role of the external monitor is to ensure compliance with provisions of the possible RAP; ensure its enforcement by detecting and documenting noncompliance issues and advise the Ministry of Energy on the appropriate responses to such cases. The key activities are to report progress on the implementation of the RAP. 12.5 COMPLETION AUDIT ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. The completion audit should be undertaken after all possible RAP inputs—including development initiatives that have been completed. The timing of the audit thus enables EDSA to undertake corrective action, if any, as recommended by the auditors before the project is complete. In the majority of cases, the completion audit should bring to closure the EDSA’s liability for resettlement, compensation, livelihood restoration, and development support. P a g e 63 | 13 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF RF ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. This section discusses the institutional arrangements required for the implementation of the resettlement framework 13.1 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT EDSA prepares this RF and the supervision and monitoring of the RF implementation will be the responsibility of the Technical Services Manager and the Systems Planning Head of EDSA. Compensation payments will be paid through the Ministry of Energy. Compensation payments will be monitored by a Witness NGO, which will be identified in the early stages of project implementation. RAP implementation would require collaboration across multiple departments and agencies to ensure effective project delivery. Key stakeholders required for RAP implementation support include FCC, SLRA, MLHE, SLP, Ministry of Justice (Law Officers’ Department). 13.1.1 The RAP Implementation Committee (RAP IC) To strengthen coordination across multiple agencies, a RAP Implementation Committee (RAP IC) would be established with members from key institutions responsible to support RAP implementation. The RAP IC would continue throughout project implementation as a joint coordination group to oversee the ESURP project. Key functions of the RAP IC would include: I. ensuring multi stakeholder consultation, collaboration and coordination II. take responsibility for the groundwork required to implement the RAP III. take responsibility for grievance management and provide overall guidance to the RAP process. The RAP IC can invite additional members depending on the specific agenda to be discussed. During grievance redress for example, the RAP IC can invite the leadership of the Council of Chiefs in a Dispute sub-committee to resolve grievances. The RAP IC will be supported by ESURP/PIU, consisting of a mix of EDSA staff and consultants. The specific function of the ESURP/PIU will be to support RAP implementation on a day-to-day basis and maintain/record all data and information. Suggested Composition of RAP-IC Structure P a g e 64 | • EDSA: shall chair the committee and shall be responsible to convene meetings; give responsibilities to committee members and moderate meetings • ESURP: The Facilitator/ Secretariat, will be responsible for the following: • Coordinate, organize and facilitate committee and PAP meetings, including preparation of an agreed standing agenda, presentations and sending minutes to stakeholders • Co-ordination and liaison, including tracking and reviewing project progress through regular meetings with respective committee members and committees • Ongoing reporting and communication to all stakeholders, through a communication strategy, on the progress of committee related matters • Disputes Sub-committee • Receive all complaints from Tier 1, • Investigate all complaints and aim to resolve them internally, • Refer grievances to Tier 3 as appropriate Frequency of Meetings • Monthly meetings for the duration of the RAP implementation • All meetings will be accompanied by an agenda, minutes of meeting and action plan; • Meeting invites will go out 2 weeks before the meeting to secure a suitable timeslot and a telephonic reminder will be done 2 days prior to the meeting; • Meetings will take place at the most convenient and practical location for all members. The following support is required from RAP IC members at the planning or development stages of the project: • to inform relevant institutions of the ESURP project and compare notes or share ideas; • to endorse safeguard instruments including RF, RAP, ESMP; • discuss initial options on compensation/replacement; • to hold off on providing access to citizens to utilize ROW for the impacted zones; • to validate RAP. Below is a list of the core institutions and their areas of influence during implementation of the RAP EDSA They will provide overall oversight for the implementation of the RF and it is expected that EDSA will play a leading role in the resettlement implementation committee. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) P a g e 65 | MAF provide good reference and guidance on crops/vegetable compensation and livelihood restoration practices. The Ministry also supports crop plantation, vegetable gardening and livelihood restoration in agricultural practices. It is thus expected that this Ministry will guide possible compensation issues that have to do with agriculture. Ministry of Lands, Housing and the Environment MLHE provides policy oversight over land management including land tenure rights and land use in Sierra Leone. With this mandate, it is expected that MLHE will guide the project in terms of possible land rights issues. Specifically, they will: - prepare survey plans for EDSA in the event there is land acquisition; - Verify survey claims; - participate in stakeholder consultations; - participate in the review and disclosure of RAP (the environment department); - support in providing alternative public land for affected business that will be demolished. Freetown City Council - the Freetown City Council (FCC) is responsible to facilitate development in the city and can collaborate with any institution or stakeholder in that direction. Thus, it is expected that FCC will play a role in sensitization with regards possible resettlement issues. Verify asset valuations; - support in providing alternative land for affected businesses that will be demolished; - support the demolition of affected structures; - provide guidance on livelihood restoration for urban enterprises; - public relations support; - manages the Councilors. Sierra Leone Roads Authority The Sierra Leone Roads Authority is a semi-autonomous institution responsible for managing and maintaining the national road network. SLRA owns the ROW and thus it is expected that SLRA will guide possible compensation issues with regards the RoW. They will specifically: - establish the required RoW for roads; - provide formula for compensation; - support demolition of structures. Law Officers’ Department - draft compensation agreements; - provide guidance on grievance resolution; - participate in compensation sign-off meetings. P a g e 66 | Sierra Leone Police - safety and security during construction and demolition of structures; - traffic management during construction. 13.1.2 Recommendations on Capacity building The RAP committee and any ad hoc members are expected to have diverse expertise and experience to manage the implementation of the RAP. The diversity of skills will include; risk management, planning and organisational skills, budgeting skills, problem solving, networking and negotiation skills and team working, committee members will be required to be transparent, honest and have empathy for affected persons of the project. 13.2 RESOURCES, TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND CAPACITY ENHANCEMENT ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. This section provides information on the resources available to deal with resettlement issues, technical support and possible capacity enhancement. 13.2.1 Resources available to deal with resettlement issues Error! Bookmark not defined. The resources available to execute this RF include: • human resources provided by the professionals from the various MDAs who would serve in the various committees; • EDSA and the PIU as an institution providing technical support; • the legal frameworks in the policies and acts of various MDAs, though not comprehensively in a single act; • the availability of cost effective labour market; • the existence of land to include the RoW; • financial resources, which shall be provided by EDSA from the World Bank credit. 13.2.2 Technical support and capacity building Error! Bookmark not defined. The RAP IC should be assessed for having adequate capacity, technical competence and resources to execute their responsibilities as may be detailed in the ToRs of the committees they may be appointed to serve in. The following technical skills are required: • risk management; • planning and organisational skills; • budgeting skills; • problem solving, networking and negotiation skills ; • team working. P a g e 67 | While it would not be possible for each team member to have the capacities above, it is important that all the members have a mix of these competencies so that they could complement one another, and work on each other’s strengths. It is also important to select members who are transparent, honest and who would have empathy for affected persons of the project. 13.3 PREPARATION OF ARAPS/ RAPS AND SETTING UP OF RESETTLEMENT MANAGEMENT TEAMS ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. The table below provides the steps that can be followed to prepare ARAPs/RAP and setting up of resettlement management teams. Table 23:Steps in the Preparation of ARAPs/RAPs and Setting up of Resettlement Management Teams Responsibilit Step Detail KPIs y Identification of PAPs including those who were Conduct not available census and during the course Surveys of the survey and ESURP PIU/ socio- captured in resistant PAPs as EDSA economic the database survey well as the vulnerable. Survey of affected assets Determine the cut- off date and develop the cut- off date Cut-off date Establish cut- communication ESURP PIU/ implementatio off date strategy and EDSA n plan signed budget. off Communicate the cut-off date as determined Preparation, Local publication review and at the MoE/EDSA publishing of website and local ESURP/MOE ARAP the tabloids and also / EDSA published Abbreviated at the WB Resettlement Infoshop P a g e 68 | Action Plan Send out Meeting invitation letters Establish the ESURP, minutes of and launch RAP IC EDSA RAP IC committee; ToRs meetings for RAP IC Approve PAP Validat eligibility criteria ESURP, PIU, entitlements e RAP including the LRP RAP IC signed off for each PAP Recruit the services of an Develop Monitoring Independent Monitoring ESURP, PIU plan signed off Observer; develop Plan and completed internal monitoring plan Draft ToRs; Recruit firm or Evaluate CVs; provide for List of PAPs Negotiations; Livelihood ESURP, PIU eligible for Contract signing; Restoration LRP develop and Program implement plan Prepare Proof of notification letters delivery of of eligibility. notification Notification of Letter should ESURP, PIU, letters to every eligibility request proof of RAP IC PAP on ownership/tenanc eligibility y where matrix applicable Informing community leadership; Preparing Initial PAP initial invitation letters; ESURP, PIU, meetings with consultations Developing MoE, RAP IC PAPs meeting agenda undertaken (Project background, RAP process, GRM, Cut-off date, title P a g e 69 | claims, ID cards); print posters, Selection of meeting locations, media and other arrangements and secure budget funds; Documentation (minutes, pics, recording) Invitation letters to negotiations meetings; Prepare negotiations sign- off sheets; Draft negotiations points (compensation amount, in- kind/cash Signed PAP PAP ESURP, PIU, compensation, negotiations negotiations MoE, RAP IC time required to form salvage, preferred option for demolition etc.); Negotiations meeting; Identify alternatives and include in compensation agreements Draft compensation agreement forms; Confirm Powers Signed of Attorney compensation PAP ESURP, PIU, (PoAs) and claims; agreements; compensation MoE, RAP IC, Outsource service signed of fund manager; cheques Selection of meeting locations, media and other P a g e 70 | arrangements and secure budget funds; Sign final agreements Source service provider; Prepare MoU or Contract as the case may be; Budget; Establish mutual Demolition of expectations ESURP, PIU, Demolition affected around workers FCC, SLRA report structures health and safety procedures and community health and safety; demolish as per agreed timeline with PAPs Hand over site ESURP, PIU to contractor Supervision of Onsite construction ESURP, PIU checklist or works forms develop grievance Number of Grievance registers; set up ESURP, PIU grievances management WhatsApp group; received P a g e 71 | 14 BUDGET AND FUNDING ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. Early in the preparation of a RAP, the costs of implementing the RAP, including consultant costs, staff costs, compensation costs, etc. will be determined. Overall, the costs for resettlement should include allocations for compensation payments (which will be determined as individual RAP are being prepared), overhead costs including training for EDSA staff, implementation management, supervision, monitoring, and costs to implement a communication strategy. Where necessary arrangements will be made for funds to be placed in an escrow account where the payments are contested. 14.1 ESTIMATED BUDGET TO IMPLEMENT RAP ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. The table below presents the budget estimate for the implementation of the proposed RAP. Table 24: Estimated Budget No. Activity Comment Duration Cost (USD) Professional cost 1 Desk review 5,000.000 2 Mapping 10,000.000 3 Census 9,000.000 4 Inventory of affected assets 7,000.000 Socioeconomic studies/ 5 consultation of affected 18,000.00 people concern Sub Total 49,000.000 Administrative Cost 1 Clerical support 1,000.00 2 Overheads 3,000.00 P a g e 72 | Sub Total 4,000.00 Logistical Cost 1 communication 2,500.00 2 Transportation 3,500.00 3 Equipment/software 5,000.00 Sub Total 11,000.00 Reporting Report 5,000.00 Sub Total 5,000.00 Totals 1 Sub total 69,000.000 2 contingency 6,900.000 Total 75,900.000 14.2 TEMPLATE BUDGET FOR PREPARATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ARAPS/ RAPS ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. Below is a template for budget preparation and implementation of ARAPs/RAPs. Table 25: Template Budget Item Cost Comments Timing Source of Channel of Funds Disbursement OPERATION Salaries MoE/EDSA MoE/EDSA Office/Administration MoE/EDSA MoE/EDSA Transportation MoE/EDSA MoE/EDSA Consulting services MoE/EDSA MoE/EDSA Miscellaneous MoE/EDSA MoE/EDSA COMPENSATION Compensation to land MoE/EDSA MoE/EDSA owners for vegetable gardening Compensation to land MoE/EDSA MoE/EDSA owners for lost crop P a g e 73 | Compensation to land MoE/EDSA MoE/EDSA owners for structures Compensation to land MoE/EDSA MoE/EDSA owners for vegetable gardening Compensation for MoE/EDSA MoE/EDSA enterprise Compensation for MoE/EDSA MoE/EDSA moving/disturbance LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT SITE PLANNING Land acquisition MoE/EDSA MoE/EDSA Site planning MoE/EDSA MoE/EDSA Infrastructure MoE/EDSA MoE/EDSA MONITORING AND EVALUATION RAP Monitoring MoE/EDSA MoE/EDSA RAP Evaluation MoE/EDSA MoE/EDSA COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT Agricultural MoE/EDSA MoE/EDSA extention service Small Enterprise MoE/EDSA MoE/EDSA Training Revolving credit MoE/EDSA MoE/EDSA TOTAL Sub Total Contingency Total 14.3 SOURCES AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR FUNDING ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. P a g e 74 | Overall, EDSA has the responsibility for implementing the proposed RAP. Where necessary, EDSA shall make arrangements with the World Bank for funds to be placed in an escrow account where the payments are made. Costs for possible resettlement, as indicated in the template above, should include operational costs, allocations for compensation payments, land acquisition and resettlement site planning, monitoring and evaluation and community development. 15 CONCLUSION In conclusion, EDSA has the overall responsibility for implementing the proposed RAP. Where necessary, EDSA shall make arrangements with the World Bank for funds to be placed in an escrow account where the payments are made. Costs for possible resettlement, as indicated in the template in the document, should include operational costs, allocations for compensation payments, land acquisition and resettlement site planning, monitoring and evaluation and community development. The possibility for a RAP is high under this project as there are stalls and kiosks along the proposed route for the construction of new transmission lines. More importantly, the proposed sub-stations at Jui and Cline Town has been occupied by the Sierra Leone Commercial Bank Branch and a sausage factory respectively suggesting that there may be a possibility for relocation. P a g e 75 | REFERENCES 1. Handbook for preparing a resettlement action plan 2. EPA Act, 2008 3. Local Government Act, 2004 4. National Land Policy 2015 5. Public Lands Ordinance Law, Cap 116, 1808 6. National Electricity Act of 2011 7. Sierra Leone Roads Authority (Amendment) Act, 2010 8. World Bank Operational Policy on Involuntary Resettlement, (OP 4.12) P a g e 76 | Appendix 1:OUTLINE OF RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN The following sections should be included in individual RAP. For further details on the composition of RAP consult World Bank’s OP 4.12 (www.worldbank.org/safeguards) a. Description of the project. General description of the project and identification of the project area. b. Potential impacts. Identification of (a) the project component or activities that give rise to resettlement; (b) the zone of impact of such component or activities; (c) the alternatives considered to avoid or minimize resettlement; and (d) the mechanisms established to minimize resettlement, to the extent possible, during project implementation. c. Objectives. The main objectives of the resettlement program. d. Socioeconomic studies. The findings of socioeconomic studies to be conducted in the early stages of project preparation and with the involvement of potentially displaced people, including the results of a census survey and other studies. e. Valuation of and compensation for losses. The methodology to be used in valuing losses to determine their replacement cost; and a description of the proposed types and levels of compensation under local law and such supplementary measures as are necessary to achieve replacement cost for lost assets.1 f. Resettlement measures. P a g e 77 | A description of the packages of compensation and other resettlement measures that will assist each category of eligible displaced persons to achieve the objectives of the policy. g. Site selection, site preparation, and relocation. h. Housing, infrastructure, and social services. i. Environmental protection and management. j. Community participation. k. Grievance procedures. l. Implementation schedule. m. Costs and budget. Tables showing itemized cost estimates for all resettlement activities, including allowances for inflation, population growth, and other contingencies; timetables for expenditures; sources of funds; and arrangements for timely flow of funds, and funding for resettlement, if any, in areas outside the jurisdiction of the implementing agencies. P a g e 78 | Appendix 2:STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION SUMMARY-2018 The following table presents a summary of minutes from stakeholders’ consultations: Key Outcome Stakeholder Issues No. Date Stakeholders Group Discussed Present Concept of The project is good and rehabilitation of ideal; will read around the 11kV and the project and get Aberdeen Idrissa Conteh- Low Voltage prepared for subsequent 1 1/11/2018 Police Police distribution meetings for vivid Division superintendent lines in Selected contributions. communities in Freetown Project is good and appreciated by Concept of authorities and rehabilitation of residents; anticipated Fasali Marah – the 11kV and the resolve of electricity Village Chief Aberdeen Low Voltage problems in 2 1/11/2018 and local police community distribution communities; all other partnership lines in selected local stakeholders to be adviser communities in included in subsequent Freetown meetings; Confidence of support from community residents. Juliana Project is good and Williams – appreciated by Village Head authorities and residents; anticipated John Pemagbi – Concept of the resolve of electricity Secretary to rehabilitation of problems in village Head the 11kV and communities; Rokel Low Voltage 3 2/11/2018 Bobor Deen community distribution employment Sesay – lines in selected opportunities for Chairman communities in community youths Police Freetown during the rehabilitation. Partnership Board and Adviser to Village Head. 4 3/11/2018 Kissi Brook Pa Alimamy Concept of Project is good and P a g e 79 | (black hall Batan Bangura- rehabilitation of appreciated by road) Section Chief the 11kV and authorities and Low Voltage residents; anticipated distribution the resolve of electricity lines in selected problems in communities in communities; Freetown employment opportunities for community youths during the rehabilitation. Project is good and appreciated by Concept of authorities and rehabilitation of residents; anticipated the 11kV and the resolve of electricity Yama Kapr Cline town Low Voltage problems in 5 3/11/2018 Gbonkolenken community distribution communities; – Section Chief lines in selected communities in employment Freetown opportunities for community youths during the rehabilitation. Project is good and appreciated by authorities and Yah Alimamy Concept of residents; anticipated M Kankinsah – rehabilitation of the resolve of electricity Section Chief the 11kV and problems in Fourah bay Low Voltage communities; 6 3/11/2018 Chairman community distribution Mohamed employment lines in selected Sesay – Youth opportunities for communities in Chairman community youths Freetown during the rehabilitation. Promise of community support to the project. Concept of Project is good and rehabilitation of appreciated by Yah Alimamy the 11kV and authorities and Colbot 3/11/2018 Thoronka – Low Voltage residents; anticipated Community Section Chief distribution the resolve of the lines in selected problem of low voltage communities in P a g e 80 | Freetown in their communities; employment opportunities for community youths during the rehabilitation. Project is good and appreciated by authorities and Concept of residents; anticipated Lower rehabilitation of the resolve of electricity Bombay and the 11kV and problems in Kadiatu Fourah Bay Low Voltage communities; 7 3/11/2018 Sankoh – wharf (Mo distribution Section chief employment Wharf) lines in selected opportunities for Community communities in community youths Freetown during the rehabilitation. Promise of community support to the project. Project is good and Concept of appreciated by rehabilitation of authorities and Pa Alhaji the 11kV and residents; anticipated Susan's Bay Alimamy Low Voltage the resolve of electricity 8 3/11/2018 Community Kamara - distribution problems in section chief lines in selected communities; communities in Freetown Promise of community support to the project. Project is good and appreciated by Concept of authorities and rehabilitation of residents; anticipated Section Chief - the 11kV and the resolve of electricity Kroo Bay Chief Pa Low Voltage problems in 9 community Alimamy distribution communities; Kargbo lines in selected communities in employment Freetown opportunities for community youths during the rehabilitation. 10 3/11/2018 Koleh town Mr Abdul Concept of Project is good and Koroma rehabilitation of appreciated by P a g e 81 | Community the 11kV and authorities and Chairman Low Voltage residents; anticipated distribution the resolve of electricity lines in selected problems in communities in communities; Freetown employment opportunities for community youths during the rehabilitation; Promise of community support to the project. Concept of Project is good and rehabilitation of appreciated by the 11kV and authorities and Ya Alimamy Low Voltage residents; anticipated 11 3/11/2018 Crab town Turay – Section distribution the resolve of electricity Chief lines in selected problems in communities in communities. Freetown P a g e 82 | Appendix 3:List of Persons Consulted-2018 No Name Institution/ Designation Phone Category Number 1 Mr. Phillip MLHE Senior Staff at Housing +23276686121 Farboh Department 2 Mariatu FCC Deputy license officer +232030494491 Bangura 3 Sulaiman FCC Environment and Social Officer ????? - Zainu Parker 4 Larry Morgan PAP Member of the Morgan family at +23288235399 Lumley Substation 5 Chernor Jalloh PAP Owner of property adjacent to +23278705252 Lumley substation 6 Lawrence PAP Trader +23230300663 Vandy 7 Sallieu Maga EDSA Supervisor +23278023416 Kamara Kingtom substation 8 Osman K. EDSA Operations Manager Freetown +23277406786 Bangura 161 9 Ali Turay EDSA Supervisor +23277604001 Brookfields substation P a g e 83 | LIST OF CONSTITUENCY KEY STAKEHOLDERS No. Name Surname Sex Constituency Title Mobile Address December Pa Sesay M 119 Chief 088237519 23d First 2018 Alimamy Street Back Of Mental December Mustapha Gbla M 119 Principal And 076947672 7 Job Street 2018 Sedic Ward Member December Bintu Konjoh F 119 Councilor 076681623 25 2018 Daphine Africanus Road Kissy December Alpha Konteh M 119 Ward 077434458 8 Queen 2018 Rashid Development Elizebeth Committee Road Kissy Member December Chernor Jalloh M 119 Chairman 088263176 29 Mental 2018 M. Committee December Issa M. Dumbuya M 119 P.R.O 030792905 12 2018 Thompson Street, Kissy Mental December Kalie Kamara M 119 Youth 030025914 21 First 2018 Chairman Street Kissy December Sheku Turay M 119 Councilor 076721830 10 2018 N`bompa Personage Lane Shell December Abu Kamara M 119 Ward 077207473 47 Old Rail 2018 Bakarr Development Way Line Committee Kissy December Kabba Samura M 119 Ward 088750800 15 Old Rail 2018 Development Way Line Committee P a g e 84 | December Hawa Leigh F 120 Youth 078422407 15 Back 2018 Chairlady Street December Hawa Kamara F 120 Community 088503815 15 Back 2018 Member Street December Abdul Bundu M 120 Chairman 077655018 15 Back 2018 Street December Lansana Kamara M 120 Ward 077718181 8i Orange 2018 Development Street Committee Member December Abdul Bangura M 120 Youth 088793014 8 Orange 2018 Representative Street December Hassan Turay M 120 Youth 030832667 10 Arch 2018 Representative Street December Mohamed Conteh M 120 Youth 088670583 8b Orange 2018 Representative Street December Victor R.V Davies M 120 Youth 077521642 16 Back 2018 Representative Street December Momoh Turay M 120 Youth 077739509 16 Back 2018 Representative Street December Alie Fullah M 120 Ward 077540926 17 Back 2018 Committee Street Member December Ibrahim Conteh M 120 Secretary 077900536 38 Back 2018 Street December Mohamed Kargbo M 120 Community 030264230 13b Back 2018 Chairman Street Kissy December Foday Turay M 120 Ward 080696089 15 Back 2018 Committee Street Member P a g e 85 | December Lamin Turay M 120 Vice Chairman 030696483 13 Back 2018 Street December Momodu Kargbo M 120 Ward 077967366 15 Back 2018 M.S Development Street Committee Member December Ibrahim Kamara M 120 Ward 077416549 15b Back 2018 Batinga Development Street Committee Member December Alusine Kamara M 116 Ward 080277086 Portee 2018 Development Committee Member December Ibrahim Bangura M 116 Secretary 088551942 Portee 2018 General December Saidu T. Conteh M 116 Youth 088244624 Portee 2018 Representative December Wilfred Kanu M 116 Chairman 078448748 Portee 2018 December Aminata Koroma F 116 Women 080340233 Portee 2018 Representatives December Fatmata Sesay F 116 Women 077462382 Portee 2018 Representatives December Osman S. Sesay M 116 W.C Member 099257397 Portee 2018 December Mohamed Fofanah M 116 Youth 088520428 Portee 2018 December Alie Kargbo M 116 Youth 077253994 Portee 2018 December Kabba Mansaray M 116 Youth 088935381 Portee 2018 December Alimamy Kanu M 116 Chief 077440637 1 Abu Lane 2018 December Saidu Kanu M 116 Ward Secretary 088360433 11h New 2018 P a g e 86 | Mohamed Stead Lane December Alice Koroma F 116 Chairlady 077175224 27 Bowen 2018 Congo Water Street Market Women December Lamin Sankoh M 116 Religious 077558739 9 Lower 2018 Leader Congo Water December Agnes Marah F 116 Councilor 030747527 3 Bush 2018 Water December Kadiatu Barrie F 116 Womens 088412793 7 Abu Lane 2018 Leader December Abdul R. Bangura M 116 Community 030211796 Lower 2018 Leader Congo Water December Aorie I. Kamara M 116 Ward 077344768 Bottom 2018 Development Oku Committee Secretary General December Damoh Kargbo M 116 Ward 077835268 Bottom 2018 Development Oku Committee December Alhaji A. Bah M 116 Ward 077835268 Bottom 2018 Development Oku Committee December Amidatu Sankoh M 116 Zonal 076645517 Bottom 2018 Chairlady Oku December Naomi Swaray F 128 Ward 077690755 5 Old Rail 2018 Committee Way Line Member December Fatmata Jalloh F 128 Women Wing 077361537 11 2018 Aberdeen P a g e 87 | Road December Kabi Bangura F 128 Head Teacher 076248207 10 2018 Aberdeen Road Wilberforce December Marian Fortune F 128 C.H.W 088873923 16 2018 Aberdeen Road December Mariatu Turay F 128 Ward 030519484 1 Samuel 2018 Committee Lane Member December Ramatulie Mansaray F 128 Ward 076371327 63 Regent 2018 Committee Road Member December Remi Lewis F 128 Chair Lady 077724390 38 Kelton 2018 Lane December Fatmata Kamara F 128 Parent 088375811 74 Lumley 2018 Road December Massah Boima F 128 Teacher 076652682 7 Old Rail 2018 Way Line December Dauda B.L Saccoh M 128 Youth 088217333 70C Old 2018 Representative Rail Way Drive December Kadiatu Turay F 128 Women Leader 077599006 11 2018 Aberdeen Road December Joseph B. Kamara M 128 Teacher 076379516 Hill Station 2018 December Abdul Kargbo M 128 Senior Teacher 077718761 Salt Pond 2018 Portoy Juba Hill December Isha Conteh F 124 Women Wing 077929550 I Falcon 2018 P a g e 88 | Bridge December Mr. Abu Sesay M 124 Chief 030174579 1 Falcon 2018 Bridge December Abdul M. Bangura M 124 Civil Servant 088172317 1 Falcon 2018 Bridge December Alie Mansaray M 124 Chief Whip 077442961 1 Falcon 2018 Bridge December Fatmata Conteh F 124 Women Wing 080538860 1 Falcon 2018 Bridge December Sheik Kamara M 124 Chief Imam 088862473 1 Falcon 2018 Fuhad Bridge December Amadu Conteh M 124 Chairman 079700397 1 Falcon 2018 Bridge December Sheik Turay M 124 Chief Imam 099133023 1 Falcon 2018 Alpha Bridge December Alhaji Kamara M 124 Vice Chairman 077050459 1 Falcon 2018 Bridge December Abdulai Conteh M 124 Youth 088468788 1 Falcon 2018 Chairman Bridge December Abdul Koroma M 124 Task Force 080142011 1 Falcon 2018 Member Bridge December Santigie M. Karay M 125 Ward 088906804 9 May 2018 Committee Street Member Kingtom December Murray A. Conteh M 125 Councilor 076777577 42e Kroo 2018 Town December Santigie Kargbo M 125 Youth 088343375 42e Kroo 2018 Representative Bay December Aminata Sesay F 125 Women Wing 099514991 9 May 2018 Street P a g e 89 | December Ya Kamara F 125 Chief 9 May 2018 Bomposseh Street December Osman Kamara M 125 Youth 077680863 9 May 2018 Representative Street December Mohamed Koroma M 125 H.M.C 099718803 26c Kroo 2018 T Chairman Bay December Saidu A.B. Turay M 125 C.D.M.C 099695662 29 Chapel 2018 Chairman Street December Maligie Kamara M 125 C.H.W 077041488 9 May 2018 Street December Alimamy Kamara M 105/108 Zonal Head 030641293 45 Thinus 2018 Street Freetown December Abu B.M Kamara M 105/108 Elder 077292417 2018 December James I. Bangura M 105/108 Ward 099342999 ABB Line 2018 Committee Member December Alhaji Basith M 105/108 Imam 088722680 ABB Line 2018 Abdul December Umaru P. Koroma M 105/108 Zonal Head 088049550 1 ABB Line 2018 December Ya Bakiute Tarawallie F 105/108 Chair Lady 088780913 1 During 2018 Street December Alie S Kanu M 105/108 P.R.O 078341271 Grass Field 2018 December Alfred Kamara M 105/108 Sub Head 077061942 Bongo 2018 Street December Chief Pa Kopa M 105/108 Ass. Head Man 088493326 2018 Alimamy December Abu Jabbie M 105/108 Youth Leader Grass Field 2018 Bakarr P a g e 90 | December Ibrahim Conteh M 105/108 Head Man 077578771 Monkey 2018 Bush December Abdul Kargbo M 105/108 Councilor 077705045 Bassa 2018 Karim Town December Fortmet Bangura F 105/108 Word 077292394 Monkey 2018 Committee Bush Member December Momoh Dumbuya M 105/108 Head Man 077801791 Bassa 2018 Town December Rashid Fefegula M 105/108 Youth Leader 088240197 Bassa 2018 Fefegula Town December Mustapha Kamara M 105/108 Social Artist 077359520 Bassa 2018 Town P a g e 91 | P a g e 92 | P a g e 93 | Appendix 4: Terms of reference TOR FOR THE PREPARATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT 1 Background The parent ESURP project that is ongoing is meant to rehabilitate the 11kV and Low Voltage distribution lines. The preparation of ESMP and ARAP is currently ongoing and expected to be completed by September 30, 2018. The AF has been requested by the Government of Sierra Leone (GoSL) to finance consulting services, works, goods and operating costs to: (1) scale up the electrification component of USURP by connecting new users (including commercial and industrial consumers) in the Freetown urban areas. This additional assistance will also help the Government to deal with the impacts and aftermath of the Ebola virus disease (EVD) also enhance support to strengthen sector institutional capacity under ESURP by supporting the EDSA to improve its operational and financial performance and its long- term sustainability. The ESURP AF project is meant to enhance the impact of the project development objective of component 1 and 2 of the parent projects being implemented by EDSA as follows: a. Component 1: Distribution utility capacity enhancement and performance improvement: this component supports the acquisition of modern Management Information System to assist EDSA to improve its operational performance in the key areas of commercial management and attention and resolution of incidents in electricity supply to its customers b. Sub-Component 2-A: Primary medium voltage distribution network reinforcement and extension: This sub-component finances the upgrade of four existing 11kV secondary SSs to 33/11kV primary SS and construction of one new 33/11kV SS as well as associated 33kV overhead lines and underground cables to link the SSs. c. Sub-Component 2-B: Secondary and low voltage distribution network reinforcement and extension. This sub-component includes investments on rehabilitation and expansion of the 11kV and Low Voltage distribution network to major unserved commercial and industrial centers in Freetown. d. Sub-Component 2-C: Project Implementation Support. This sub-component will cover the cost of strengthening the capacity of the project implementing team in EDSA to manage and monitor the project implementation as well as finance the necessary safeguards studies. e. Sub-Component 2-D: Compensation of Project Affected Populations. This component will cover the cost associated with compensation payments to persons that would be affected by the investment activities under sub components 2.A and 2.B of the project. This fund would be provided by the GoSL and disbursed by the MoE. The detailed activities to be undertaken under component 2 are: Sub Component 2A – Sub-transmission Network P a g e 94 | a. The construction of new 33/11kV Primary SSs at Aberdeen, Cline Town and Jui to replace the existing 11/0.4kV transformer SS; b. Upgrade the existing 11kV Switching SS at Falcon Bridge to 33/11kV Primary SS; c. Construction of a new 33/11kV SS at Waterloo on a land to be acquired by MoE under the India Exim Bank Facility project d. Construction of the following new 33kV lines to link the above SSs: • Kingtom – Aberdeen: 6.8km, Single Circuit line on Steel Tubular Poles • Kingtom – Falcon Bridge: 2.5km, Single Circuit line on Steel Tubular Poles • Falcon Bridge – Cline Town: 3.0km, Single Circuit line on Steel Tubular Poles • Cline Town – Blackhall Road: 1.1km, Single Circuit line on Steel Tubular Poles • Jui – Regent: 12.3km, Single Circuit line on Steel Tubular Poles • Wellington – Jui: 13.2km, Double Circuit line on Lattice Towers • Jui - Waterloo: 6.6km, Double Circuit line on Lattice Towers e. Upgrade (reconducting) of the Existing Kingtom – Wilberforce & Kingtom – Blackhall Road 33kV subtransmission lines SSs: The site for all the SSs are on land either owned by LEC (Falcon Bridge) or on Government lands. Steel Tubular Poles: Steel Tubular Poles (with footprint of about 800mm) would be used for the 33kv subtransmission lines within urban areas with narrow road ROW where it is difficult to erect steel lattice towers. Insulated conductors would be used in crowded areas where it is difficult to meet line safety clearances. Alternatively, underground cables would be used in such areas. Sub Component 2B – Distribution Network f. Rehabilitation and extension of 11kV and Low Voltage distribution lines to new customers: this would be a scale up of the ongoing rehabilitation works All the SS sites have been identified. The 33kv lines routes have been identified and Georeferenced line route drawings had been prepared. Currently, an ESMP and ARAP for the rehabilitation of distribution network in parts of Freetown is currently under preparation. The ESMF and RPF for the parent project is being updated for the AF. It is now the intention of EDSA to hire the services of an individual consultant to assist it prepare a comprehensive plan to ensure strict observance of or adherence to environmental and social safeguards in accordance with relevant Sierra Leonean laws as well as World Bank safeguard policies and applicable environmental, health and safety guidelines. 2 Scope of Work As part of this assignment, the consultant will: a. conduct initial assessment/screening to identify and characterize project impacts; b. initiate consultations with PAPs and other relevant stakeholders based on results of the initial assessment/screening; c. prepare environmental, social and health impact assessment; d. Assist EDSA to complete the relevant forms as per the requirements of SL EPA for the purpose of registration and permitting of the project e. propose mitigation measures for the negative impacts and P a g e 95 | f. propose an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) which is materially consistent with the SL EPA laws and regulations and the World Bank’s operational policies. The ESMP should be adaptable and would be incorporated into the bidding documents for the works contract to guide bidders to prepare the preliminary contractor’s ESMP with clear responsibilities for the implementation of identified aspects. Key Tasks At the minimum, the ESHIA shall include detail identification and description of the following: 1. Project Background: An overview and general description of the project components and affected areas. The section will also explain the rationale for the ESHIA. 2. Objectives of the ESHIA: The main objectives of the environmental, social and health impact assessment, is to identify the nature and scale of impacts anticipated through the project. 3. Description of project environment and Potential Impacts: Identification of the: (i) components or activities that may extend environmental, social and Health impacts; (ii) Description of Existing Environmental and Social Conditions; The Consultant will review, evaluate and present baseline data on the relevant environmental, social, economic and physical cultural heritage characteristics within the project area taking into account the present land use and activities. Specifically, the baseline conditions should include information on: a. Physical environment: geology, topography, sediments/soils, surface and ground water hydrology, land pollution, water quality, air quality and sources of air emissions, noise emissions, integration of the river in an overall urban environment (e.g., the sewage network and wastewater treatment plant, climate change aspects); b. Meteorology: wind patterns, monthly average temperatures, rainfall and runoff characteristics; extreme storm and precipitation events; c. Biological environment: existing terrestrial and river flora and fauna at the site; rare and endangered species; sensitive habitats, including wetlands, parks or reserves in areas likely to be affected by works; species of commercial importance; d. Social, economic impacts: community structure; inventory of community activities and production systems (e.g., fishing, industry, farming, small businesses); level of income, any public infrastructure and social services (goods and services); and a description of any direct, indirect and induced impacts on livelihoods;) P a g e 96 | e. Information on disadvantaged groups or persons for whom special provisions may have to be made, if affected, and in the context of developing mitigation measures; f. Assess whether there will be any displacements as a result of the physical works; g. Physical cultural property: Cultural heritage assets such as cultural, religious, historical or archaeological sites, including sacred sites, graveyards and burial places, that might be affected during construction. h. Other data as may be required by the existing environmental protection laws, regulations and standards by SL EPA 4. Legal Framework: Describe the policy, legal and institutional framework in Sierra Leone governing environmental and social impact issues. This section will include regulatory framework, national and international guidelines including World Bank guidelines (including the sector specific health and safety guidelines relevant to the project), international conventions and regulations relating to the assessment 5. Description of project alternatives: Describe possible alternative scenarios relating each to the need of the project. 6. Potential impacts and Benefits enhancement and mitigation measures: This should describe the beneficial/positive impacts, adverse impacts and mitigation measures, impacts on communities/PAPs and cumulative impact assessment. 7. Environmental management and monitoring program: The environmental and social management plan should describe the range of environmental issues associated with the project and outline corresponding management strategies to be adopted to mitigate potential adverse environmental effects. Describe environmental management, monitoring and monitoring framework. 8. Public consultations and disclosure plan: Consistent with the World Bank’s policy on consultation and disclosure, describe a strategy for consultation with, and participation of PAPs, communities and project interests including the proposed project and its potential impacts identification and summary of consultations. This section should also describe the methods used throughout consultations and disclosure and major findings of consultations. P a g e 97 | 9. Environmental mitigation, management, monitoring and training costs: The Consultant shall identify significant positive and negative impacts, direct, indirect and cumulative impacts, and immediate and long-term impacts related to the construction phase of the proposed works as well as once the works are finalized (operational phase). For this task, the Consultant will review the environmental and social aspects presented in the background technical documents and will generate the overall updated environmental and social impacts, specifically related to all infrastructure investments in line with the proposed detailed design. a. Impacts during construction phase may focus on: impacts caused by dredging; disturbance of river ecosystem; impacts of possible river banks activities; contamination of surface and groundwater by use of fuels, construction materials, and transport activity; soil contamination; waste storage; noise and air emissions; worker’s health and safety. b. Impacts during the operation phase may include analysis on: impact of discharges; impact of accidental oil and chemical spills; impact of traffic activity; impact of air emissions; impact of run-off of open storages; impact of transport of various goods and solid waste management. c. Impacts on public and private structures around the project area; including impacts on the running of daily business, jobs, agricultural and fishing activities; impacts on the flow and exchange of goods and services that may cause direct, indirect and induced impacts on the livelihoods of those living around the construction area). d. Impacts on physical cultural heritage, religious and burial sites for which mitigation measures need to be developed. The Consultant shall propose mitigation measures and affiliated costs for each of the above identified impacts that will represent the content/summary of an Environmental and Social Mitigation Plan for the overall project during its construction as well as the operation phases. The Mitigation Plan is part of the overall project Environmental and Social Management Plan. Costs for implementing the environmental mitigation, management and training costs should be described in detail in this section. 10. ESHIA implementation responsibilities: indicate the responsibilities assigned to various agencies. These responsibilities should cover (i) role of the contractor and delivery of contractors ESHIA; (ii) appropriate coordination between agencies and jurisdictions involved in ESHIA implementation; and (iii) capacity building measures that are necessary to strengthen the capacities of project officials to manage overall safeguards issues related to the project. 11. Implementation Schedule: an implementation schedule covering all ESHIA activities from preparation, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. These should indicate the P a g e 98 | target dates for delivery of activities. The schedule should indicate how the ESHIA relates to the implementation of the overall works. 12. Costs and budget: provide detailed (itemized) cost estimates for all ESHIA activities. The budget should include the implementation of the proposed ESMP. This section will also include sources of funds, arrangements for timely flow of funds, and fiduciary considerations that are consistent with the Sierra Leone’s financial management and World Bank fiduciary requirements. 3 Reporting and Deliverable The consultant shall report to the Project Manager for ESURP/ PIU but would on day to day, work with staff of EDSA’s ESMU who are led by a ESMS as well as with an experience Supervision Engineer and a team of Planning Engineers of EDSA who would provide technical guidance on Transmission and Distribution Network. The Consultant is expected to submit to the Project the following: • Inception report describing the procedures and timetable for completion of the ESHIA preparation process (1 week after contract signing); • Report summarizing the preliminary results of the screening and consultation process with PAPs and other stakeholders (3 weeks after contract signing); and • Draft ESHIA report (2 weeks after review of screening and consultation report). After completion of the review of the draft ESHIA, including consultations with PAPs and communities on the main finding of the ESHIA, a final ESHIA will be disclosed by the project. During the review process, the Consultant is expected to make the necessary changes to the ESHIA and organize the disclosure and consultation process. 4 Period of Assignment It is expected that a professional time input of 6 weeks over a contract period of 10 weeks shall be required for the assignment. 5 Consultant’s Qualification and Experience • A Senior Environmental Scientist, Engineering or an equivalent qualification with at least 8 years of relevant experience, with emphasis on environmental and social impacts assessments in urban setting. • Must have been a Team leader or played a major role in at least three assignments for the preparation of ESIA for Transmission lines, SSs and Distribution Networks. • Must have proven experience with World Bank Safeguards Policies and requirements with demonstrated experience in preparing acceptable ESIAs in accordance with the World Bank safeguards policies. • Demonstrable experience in preparing ESIA studies in the energy sector in the West African sub region is an added advantage. 6 Inputs to be provided by the Client P a g e 99 | The client shall make available to the Consultant the following facilities and relevant documentation: • SL EPA environmental laws and guidelines • Office accommodation and local transportation when in Sierra Leone • the RPF and ESMF for the parent ESURP project as well as the updated RPF and ESMF for the AF • Georeferenced 33kV lines route map • Report of survey of 33kV transmission line routes and boundary/topographic survey of six associated SS sites in the Freetown-Waterloo area • A team of Environmental and Social safeguard specialist and Engineers • Arrangement of Stakeholder meetings/ Consultations • Submission of the report and relevant documents to SL EPA for approval and issuance of the necessary permit • Any other facility needed for the timely implementation of assignment Annex 1- Basic impact assessment Guide • Identify potential impacts (positive/negative, direct/indirect, “cumulative” or “associated”) on physical, biological, socio-economic, trans-boundary and global resources • Distinguish impacts that can be mitigated from those that cannot (“residual impacts”) • Compare residual impacts (e.g., emissions levels) to World Bank Group Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines (EHS Guidelines) in the Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook • Justify any deviation from EHS Guidelines • Conduct Strategic (sectoral, regional) EA where appropriate • Consider extent and quality of available data, key data gaps, uncertainties and issues requiring further study Annex 2 Analysis of alternatives • Systematically compare feasible alternatives to the project including • “No project option” (pre-project and post-project impact assessment) • Sites (alternatives to minimize impact?) • Alternatives in project design • Environmental impacts of various options • Technology • Relative feasibility of mitigation measures (capital and recurrent costs) • Comparative institutional, training and monitoring requirements P a g e 100 | Annex 3 SL EPA Screening Form Initial Assessment / Screening Form ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, SIERRA LEONE (Completed in Duplicate) Sub-Project Name: _____________________________________________________________ Region: ____________________District:___________________ Town___________________ Address for correspondence _____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Contact Person ___________________________________ Position _____________________ Phone No._________________________________ Fax No. ____________________________ E-mail Contact________________________________________________________________ Telephone: Fax: E-mail: P a g e 101 | 1.0 Description of Sub-project 1.1 Nature of Sub-project and Duration …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1.2 Scope of Sub-project [Size of labour force, area covered, type of raw materials (quantities and sources), types of equipment, implements, machinery, etc..] …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1.3 Location [attach a site plan or a map (if available)] i. Location or Area (and nearest Town(s)): …..……………………….…………………… ii. Land take (total area for sub-project and related activities): ………………………………… 1.4 Site Description and Sensitivity [Attach photographs and sketches showing distances] i. Distance from nearest water body or drainage channel (minimum distance measured from the edge of proposed site to the bank of the water body or drain). More than 100 meters □ 100 meters □ Less than 100 meters □ ii. Number of water bodies and/or drainage channels/depressions close to site …………………………………………………………………………………………….. iii. Distance to nearest community (house) and/or other existing structures from the proposed site: ………………………………………………………………………………………………… iv. Number of affected properties within the designated project area: …………………………………………………………………….…………………………… 1.5 Land Cover and Topography i. Land cover of the site consists (completely or partly or noticeably) of: Vegetation □ Sparse Vegetation □ Physical Structure(s) □ Flood Plane □ Agriculture (Animals) □ Cultural Resource □ P a g e 102 | Water □ Agriculture (Crops) □ Other specify……… ii. Elevation and topography of the area for the Sub-project: Flat □ Valley □ Slope □ Undulating □ Hill □ Mountain □ Depression □ iii. Elevation and topography of the adjoining areas (within 500 meters radius of the site): Flat □ Valley □ Slope □ Undulating □ Hill □ Mountain □ Depression □ 2.0 Infrastructure i. The Sub-project would be developed in/on: Undeveloped site □ Partly developed site □ Well developed Other (specify) ……………………… ii. The Sub-project would involve excavation Yes □ No □ iii. Estimated number and depth of the excavations, etc.): ……………………………………………… vi. Are any of the following located on-site or within 50 metres from the edge of the proposed site? Water supply source Yes □ No □ Pipeline Yes □ No □ Power supply source (electric pylon) Yes □ No □ Drainage Yes □ No □ Other(s) specify: ……………………………………………. 3.0 Environmental and Social Impacts 3.1 Land Use i. Complete change of existing land use Yes No ii. High population of land owners to be resettled Yes No 3.2 Air Quality – Is the proposed sub-project: i. Expected to emit any of the following during construction and operation? P a g e 103 | Dust □ Smoke □ VOCs □ ii Expose workers or the public to substantial emissions? Yes □ No □ iii. Result in cumulatively increased emissions in the area? Yes □ No □ vi. Create objectionable odour affecting people? Yes □ No □ 3.3 Flora and Fauna - Would the proposed Sub-project: i. Have adverse effect on any reserved area? Yes □ No □ ii. Have adverse effect on wetland areas through removal, filling, Yes □ No □ hydrological interruption or other means? iii. Interfere substantially with the movement of any wildlife species or Yes □ No □ organisms? vi. Be located within 100m from an Environmentally Sensitive Area? Yes □ No □ 3.4 Cultural Resources - Would the proposed sub-project: i. Disturb any burial grounds or cemeteries? Yes □ No □ ii. Cause substantial adverse effect on any archeological or historic site? Yes □ No □ iii. Alter the existing visual character of the area and surroundings, including trees Yes □ No □ and rock outcrops? 3.5 Water Quality and Hydrology - Would the proposed sub-project: i. Generate and discharge during construction: Liquid waste □ Liquid with oily substance □ Liquid with human or animal □ Liquid with chemical □ waste substance Liquid with pH outside 6-9 range □ Liquid with odour/smell □ ii. Lead to changes in the drainage pattern of the area, resulting in erosion or Yes □ No □ siltation? iii. Lead to increase in surface run-off, which could result in flooding on or off- Yes □ No □ site? iv. Increase runoff, which could exceed the capacity of existing storm water Yes □ No □ drainage? v. Lead to multiple water users, which could affect water quality and quantity? Yes No 3.6 Noise Nuisance - Would the proposed Undertaking: P a g e 104 | i. Generate noise in excess of established permissible noise level? Yes □ No □ ii. Expose persons to excessive vibration and noise? Yes □ No □ 3.7 Waste Generation i. Types: Solid □ Liquid □ Gaseous □ Other ……………………………….. ii. Quantity: ………………………………………………………………………………….. iii. Means/Place of Disposal: …………………………………………………………………. 3.8 Occupational Health and Safety – Would the proposed sub-project: i. Expose workers to emissions? Yes No ii. Involve using machinery that generate excessive noise (above 70dB) and Yes No vibration? iii. Expose workers to working at height? Yes No iv. Expose workers to heavy lifting? Yes No 3.9 Socio-economic. – Would the proposed sub-project: i. Lead to loss of livelihoods Yes No ii. Influx of people from other communities? Yes No 3.10 Other Environmental and Social Impacts ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………… ……….………………….…………………… 4.0 Management of (Environmental and Social) Impacts 4.1 Air Quality …………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………… ………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………. 4.2 Flora and Fauna P a g e 105 | …………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………… ……………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………….. 4.3 Cultural Resources …………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………… ………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………. 4.4 Coastal and Water Resources …………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………… ………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… 4.5 Noise …………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………… ……………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………….. 4.6 Occupational Health and Safety …………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………… ……………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………. 4.7 Waste Generation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4.8 Socio-economic …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4.9 Other Measures …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… DECLARATION I, …………………………………………… hereby declare that the information provided on this form is true to the best of my knowledge and shall provide any additional information that shall come to my notice in the course of processing this application. P a g e 106 | ……………………………….. ……………………………. Signature Date Official use Recommendations: Requires and EIA and/ or RAP Requires a PEA Does not require further environmental study Appendix 5: Socio Economic Questionnaire SOCIO ECONOMIC QUESTIONNAIRE FOR ESURP FREETOWN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM REHABILITATION ESHIA Name of enumerator Enumerator ID Informed Consent (Your name) is my name. I am part of a team carrying out an Environmental Social and Health Impact Assessment (ESHIA) for the Freetown Distribution System Rehabilitation under the Energy Sector Utility Reform Project (ESURP). This project will construct new transmission lines and substations and further rehabilitate the 11kv and low voltage distribution lines in the Western Urban and Rural Districts. Please spear me 15-20 minutes of your time to respond to questions. All information will be treated as confidential. Please note that the surveys do NOT mean that you are affected by the project. Are you willing to participate? Yes No Name of district ………………Western Rural Western Urban Name of community …………..……………….. Full/Complete name of respondent ……………………………. Gender of respondent.............. Male Female Marital status of respondent ………………… Never married Monogamously married Polygamously married Consensual Union/Living together Separated P a g e 107 | Divorced Widowed Don’t know Age of respondent ……………. 18 – 25 26 – 35 36 – 45 46 – 60 >60 Highest education attained …………………………. None Some primary Completed primary Some secondary Completed secondary Further education Arabic Tech/Voc Employment status………………… Self-employed / Own account worker Employed (formal wage employment) informal employment (casual / short term) Unemployed (actively seeking employment over last 3 months) Home / not seeking work / pension (look after homestead /children) Disabled and not employed Disabled and employed Unpaid family worker How long have you lived in this area? ............................ Give reasons why you moved into this area………………… Native to area (Born here) Marriage Business opportunity Employment Education Others.. (Specify) Where did you live before you moved here………………………………………….. Main economic activity ……………………. Farming Mechanic Wage/salary earner Artisanal Miner Unpaid family worker Trader Kekeh rider P a g e 108 | Poda Poda Driver Okada Rider Housewife Retired Old Age benefit Student Disabled (and not economically active) Butcher Car wash Others Has the household member acquired skills in any of the areas? …………………………… Electrical Plumbing Brick-laying / Masonry Carpentry Warehousing / store keeping Administrative / clerical Security Driving Others……… specify What is the Ownership of structure you occupied currently? ..................... Own structure Rent/lease Caretaker Not own and Owner not around Type of structure………………… Makeshift Container/Kiosk Permanent Mud bricks Permanent Concrete Mud with thatch roof Concrete with thatch roof Concrete with zinc roof Mud with zinc roof What is the main construction material of the roof? …………. No roof Leaves / Thatch Corrugated iron / Tin Commercial roof tiles Timber planks Plastic Combination of the above mentioned materials P a g e 109 | Do you have any of the household assets in working condition?........……………. Cell phones Land Complete Basic household furniture House Vehicle Mining equipment/tool Motor bike Fishing boat Computer desktop Computer laptop TV set Refrigerator DStv Radio set Deep freezer Others…. Specify What is the primary source of drinking water? River Unprotected spring Communal Pump / Well / Protected Spring Own Pipe born water Communal Pipe born water Water well Rain water tank Buy water privately from vendor Apart from the above mentioned source, what other sources do you use for domestic and drinking? River Unprotected spring Communal Pump / Well / Protected Spring Own Pipe born water Communal Pipe born water Water well Rain water tank Buy water privately from vendor How long does it take to go fetch water? ………………… 00 -14 minutes 15 – 29 minutes 30 – 44 minutes 45 – 49 minutes 50 – 59 minutes P a g e 110 | 60 – 119 minutes 120+ minutes Water Source within Compound Yes No How do you perceive the quality of water source? …………………………….. Odour only Color only tasty only Colour, tasty odour Colour tasty Tasty odour Odour color No problem at all/pure What type of toilet facility does your household use? Open pit Improve Pit Flush inside house Flush outside house None Shared Pit How do you dispose of the solid wastes that you generate at home? Communal Dumpsite Bury in my yard Nearby water body Burn Prepare compost and throw at communal dump site Collected by wastes collectors Throw in the bush What energy source is used for lighting? Electricity National Power Grid Electricity – Generator Gas Solar Kerosene Wood Charcoal Touch/Chinese Light What energy source is used for cooking? Electricity National Power Grid Electricity – Generator Gas Solar P a g e 111 | Kerosene Wood Charcoal Did you or any member of your household suffer from any of the following diseases in the past 12 months? Cancer Cholera Diarrhea Malaria Respiratory Illness TB Typhoid None Others… specify Has any member of this household been hospitalized (stayed overnight for at least one night) during the past 12 months? Yes No Are you aware of HIV/Aids? Yes No Where did you first get the information from? Radio Friends and families Health workers Teachers Newspaper Any member of Household been tested for HIV/Aids? Yes No What is your confident level in the existence of HIV/Aids? Believe in its existence Strongly do believe in its existence Indifferent do not believe in its existence Strongly do not believe in its existence How do you seek medication when you are sick? Hospital CHC Drug peddler Other (Specify) THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME! P a g e 112 |