E4373 V16 REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN World Bank Republic of Azerbaijan Amelioration and Water Management Open Joint Stock Company (AWM OJSC) Second National Water Supply & Sanitation Project Loan # 7518 AZ Credit # 4937 AZ Environmental Impact Assessment Study in 12 Rayons (Imishli, Kurdamir, Ujar, Zardab, Lankaran, Masalli, Astara, Jalilabad, Yardimli, Lerik, Dashkasan, and Gadabay) ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR RAYON KURDAMIR DRAFT EIA REPORT Prepared by; Consulting Engineering Overseas Management Group* * A devision of Aim Texas Trading LLC www.aimtexas.com Baku City, June 16, 2011 The findings and recommendations set forth in this report are those of team. The EIA team would like to express gratitude for cooperation received from staff within Amelioration and Water Management Open Joint Stock Company (AWM OJSC), rayon’s Public Utility Departments (RPUDs), and all other agencies and individuals consulted. Particular thanks are expressed to Mr. Mammad Sadiq Guliyev, First Deputy Chairman of AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan, Mr. Mahammad Abdullayev, Director of Project Implementation Unit (PIU) of SNWSSP II, and Adil Qafarli, Deputy Director of PIU of SNWSSP II, Phase I and II. US Dollar 1.00 = 0.80 AZN (January 2011)   SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Table of Contents ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… i List of Exhibits …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. vi List of Tables ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. vi List of Figures …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. viii List of maps ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. viii Acronyms ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ix Definitions ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… x Executive Summary …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… xiv Chapter 1 1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………… 1.1 1.1. Project Background ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 1.1 1.2. Basic Features of Proposed Project………………………..………………………………………………… 1.2 1.2.1 Objective of the Project …………………………………………………………………………... 1.2 1.2.2 Specific Goals of the Project………………………………………………………………….….. 1.2 1.3. Involved Organizations and Authorities……………………………………………………………………… 1.3 1.3.1. Amelioration and Water Management Open Joint Stock Company (AWM OJSC) of 1.4 Azerbaijan …………………………………………………………………………………………. 1.3.2 AZERSU Open Joint Stock Company (AzerSu OJSC) ………………………………………. 1.5 1.3.3 Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources (MENR) of Azerbaijan……….………………… 1.6 1.3.4. Ministry of Health (MoH) of Azerbaijan ………………………………………………………… 1.7 1.3.5 Regional (city and/or rayon) Executive Authorities……………………………………………. 1.7 1.3.6 Municipalities……………………………………………………………………………………… 1.7 1.3.7 Ministry of Emergency Situations (MES) of Azerbaijan……………………………………… 1.8 1.3.8 State Urban Development and Architecture Committee……………………………………... 1.8 1.3.9 Tariff Council of Republic of Azerbaijan……………………………………………………….. 1.8 1.4. Objective and Scope of the EIA Study ………………………………………………………………………. 1.8 1.5. Assessment Area ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 1.9 1.6. Field Survey ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1.10 1.7. Project Affected People (PAP)……………………………………………………………………………….. 1.12 1.8 Resettlement Issues…………………………………………………………………………………………… 1.12 1.9. Regulatory Requirements ……………………………………………………………………………………. 1.12 1.10 Structure of the Report ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 1.13 Chapter 2 2 Project Description ……………………………………………………………………............. 2.1 2.1. The Scope of the Project ……………………………………………………………………………………… 2.1 2.2. Brief Information about the Project Area ……………………………………………………………………. 2.1 2.2.1. Summary Information about Azerbaijan ………………………………………………………… 2.1 2.2.2. Summary Information Kurdamir Rayon ……………………………………………………….. 2.2 2.3. Proposed Water Supply and Sanitation (WSS) Investment for the Rayon ……………………………… 2.4 i Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir 2.4. Proposed Water supply System ……………………………………………………………………………… 2.6 2.4.1. Service Area and Water Demand Projection …………………………………………………… 2.6 2.4.2. Potential Raw Water Source Evaluation ………………………………………………………... 2.8 2.4.3. Water Supply Network and Facilities ……………………………………………………………. 2.8 2.4.4. Water Supply System Design Criteria …………………………………………………………... 2.9 2.5. Proposed Sewage System and Criteria………….. …………………………………………………………. 2.10 2.5.1. Wastewater Service Area and Wastewater Generation………..……………………………… 2.10 2.5.2. Sewage Network Design Criteria ………………………………………………………………... 2.12 2.5.3. Sewage Network Components …………………………………………………………………... 2.12 2.6. Project Implementation, Construction and Commissioning ……………………………………................ 2.14 Chapter 3 3 Environmental Baseline………………………………………………………………………… 3.1 3.1. Land Use Classification in Kurdamir City and Surroundings…………………………………………. 3.1 3.1.1. Land Use Category ……………………………………………………………………………….. 3.1 3.1.2. Commercial Land Uses ………………………………………………………………………….. 3.2 3.1.3. Industrial Land Uses ………………………………………………………………………………. 3.2 3.2. Socio-economic Environment ………………………………………………………………………………… 3.2 3.2.1. Administration ……………………………………………………………………………………… 3.3 3.2.2. Main Economic Activities …………………………………………………………………………. 3.3 3.2.3. Transportation ……………………………………………………………………………………... 3.4 3.2.4. Key Socio-economic and Demographic Indicators of the Project Area …………………….. 3.4 3.2.5. Water Supply and Sanitation Utilities …………………………………………………………… 3.6 3.2.6. Solid Waste Disposal in Rayon Centre………………………………………………………….. 3.7 3.3. Study Area Concept …………………………………………………………………………………………… 3.7 3.3.1. Project Corridor Design …………………………………………………………………………… 3.7 3.3.2. Delineation of Rights of Way (RoW) ……………………………………………………………. 3.8 3.3.3. Corridor of Impact …………………………………………………………………………………. 3.9 3.3.4. Delineating the CoI ……………………………………………………………………………….. 3.9 3.3.5. Buffer Zones ………………………………………………………………………………………. 3.10 3.4. Physical Environment …………………………………………………………………………………………. 3.11 3.4.1. Physiography ……………………………………………………………………………………… 3.12 3.4.2. Water Resources …………………………………………………………………………………. 3.14 3.4.3. Climate …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3.22 3.4.4. Soil …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3.23 3.5. Ambient Air Quality ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 3.25 3.5.1. Ambient Air Quality Standards …………………………………………………………………… 3.26 3.5.2. Sensitive Receivers in the Project Corridor …………………………………………………….. 3.30 3.6. Noise Levels ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3.31 3.7. Ecological Resources …………………………………………………………………………………………. 3.33 3.7.1. Vegetation ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3.34 3.7.2. Nature Protection and Protected Areas…………………………………………………………. 3.37 3.7.3. Terrestrial Wildlife and Endangered Species …………………………………………………... 3.38 3.7.4. Aquatic Biology ……………………………………………………………………………………. 3.39 3.8. Cultural and Historical Environment …………………………………………………………………………. 3.42 ii Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir 3.9 Construction Camps and other Contractor(s)’ Facility …………………………………………………….. 3.42 3.9.1. Construction Camp ………………………………………………………………………………... 3.42 3.9.2. Contractor(s)’ Equipments and Plants …………………………………………………………. 3.43 3.9.3. Construction Materials ……………………………………………………………………………. 3.43 3.10. Encroachments and Structures within the RoW ……………………………………………………………. 3.44 3.10.1. Encroachments ……………………………………………………………………………………. 3.44 3.10.2. Structures within the RoW ……………………………………………………………………….. 3.44 Chapter 4 4 Analysis of Alternatives ……………………………………………………………………….. 4.1 4.1. No-Project Option ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4.1 4.2. Water Supply …………………………………………………………………………………………….......... 4.2 4.2.1. Alternatives of Raw Water Capture …………………………………………………………….. 4.3 4.2.2. Alternative Alignments of Raw Water Pipeline …………………………………….................. 4.5 4.2.3. Water Treatment Plant …………………………………………………………………………… 4.6 4.2.4. Alternatives Locations of WTP Sites ……………………………………………………………. 4.9 4.3. Wastewater Collection and Treatment ………………………………………………………………………. 4.11 4.3.1. Wastewater Treatment ………………………………………………………………................... 4.11 4.3.2. Alternatives of Treatment Processes ………………………………………………................... 4.11 4.3.3. Alternatives of Sludge Dewatering and Disposal ……………………………………………… 4.14 4.3.4. Reuse Alternatives ………………………………………………………………………………… 4.17 4.3.5. Treatment of Industrial Water ……………………………………………………….................. 4.18 4.3.6. Alternative Locations for Wastewater Treatment Plant Sites …………………….................. 4.18 4.4. Location Alternatives for Construction Contractor’s Camp Site ………………………………………….. 4.20 Chapter 5 5 Regulatory Framework ………………………………………………………………………… 5.1 5.1. Environmental Laws, Regulations and Institutions in Azerbaijan ………………………………………… 5.1 5.1.1. Institutions ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5.1 5.1.2. Laws ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5.1 5.2. Government's Environmental Assessment and Review Procedures …………………………................ 5.3 5.3. Environmental Categorization & World Bank Policies ……………………………………………………... 5.4 Chapter 6 6 Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures …………………………………………….. 6.1 6.1. Methodology and Assessment Criteria ……………………………………………………………………… 6.1 6.1.1. General Approach ………………………………………………………………………………… 6.1 6.1.2. Scoping the EIA ……………………………………………………………………….................. 6.2 6.1.3. Scoping Report ……………………………………………………………………………………. 6.2 6.1.4. Objective of the Scoping Report ……………………………………………………................... 6.4 6.1.5. Assessment Methodology ………………………………………………………………………... 6.5 6.1.5.1. Criteria for Assessment of Significance ………………………………………………. 6.5 6.1.5.2. Impact Identification …………………………………………………………………….. 6.6 6.1.5.3. Impact Prediction ………………………………………………………………………… 6.6 iii Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir 6.1.5.4. Impact Evaluation ………………………………………………………………………... 6.6 6.1.6. Definitions of the Concept of Significance ……………………………………………………… 6.7 6.1.7. Generic Approaches and Criteria ……………………………………………………………….. 6.7 6.1.7.1. Extent or Spatial Scale of the Impact …………………………………………………. 6.8 6.1.7.2. Intensity or Severity of the ımpact ……………………………………………………... 6.8 6.1.7.3. Duration of the impact ………………………………………………………………….. 6.9 6.1.7.4. Mitigatory Potential ………………………………………………………….................. 6.9 6.1.7.5. Acceptability …………………………………………………………………………….. 6.9 6.1.7.6. Degree of Certainty …………………………………………………………………….. 6.10 6.1.7.7. Criteria for Tresholds of Significance …………………………………………………. 6.10 6.1.8. The Use of Significance at Different Stages of the EIA Process …………………………….. 6.11 6.2. Analysis of Impact and Mitigation…………………………………………………………………………….. 6.11 6.2.1. Land Use and Planning …………………………………………………………………………… 6.14 6.2.1.1. Analysis of Impacts ……………………………………………………………………… 6.14 6.2.1.2. Mitigation …………………………………………………………………………………. 6.16 6.2.2. Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Disposal ………………………………………………….. 6.20 6.2.2.1. Analysis of Impacts ……………………………………………………………………… 6.20 6.2.2.2. Mitigation …………………………………………………………………………………. 6.20 6.2.3. Water Resources ………………………………………………………………………………….. 6.22 6.2.3.1. Analysis of Impacts ……………………………………………………………………… 6.22 6.2.3.2. Mitigation …………………………………………………………………………………. 6.23 6.2.4. Ambient Air Quality ……………………………………………………………………………….. 6.25 6.2.4.1. Analysis of Impacts ……………………………………………………………………… 6.25 6.2.4.2. Mitigation …………………………………………………………………………………. 6.29 6.2.5. Noise ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6.30 6.2.5.1. Analysis of Impacts ……………………………………………………………………… 6.30 6.2.5.2. Mitigation …………………………………………………………………………………. 6.35 6.2.6. Temporary Traffic Management …………………………………………………………………. 6.36 6.2.6.1. Analysis of Impacts ……………………………………………………………………… 6.36 6.2.6.2. Mitigation …………………………………………………………………………………. 6.37 6.2.7. Ecological Environment ………………………………………………………………………….. 6.37 6.2.7.1. Analysis of Impacts ……………………………………………………………………… 6.37 6.2.7.2. Mitigation …………………………………………………………………………………. 6.40 6.2.8. Cultural Environment ……………………………………………………………………………… 6.42 6.2.8.1. Analysis of Impacts ……………………………………………………………………… 6.42 6.2.8.2. Mitigation …………………………………………………………………………………. 6.42 6.2.9. System Utilities ……………………………………………………………………………………. 6.43 6.2.9.1. Analysis of Impacts ……………………………………………………………………… 6.43 6.2.9.2. Mitigation …………………………………………………………………………………. 6.43 6.2.10. Summary of Impact Levels ………………………………………………………………………. 6.44 6.2.11. Cumulative Impact ………………………………………………………………………………… 6.45 6.3. Environmental Benefits of the Project ………………………………………………………………………. 6.45 6.4. Socio-economic Benefits of the Project …………………………………………………………………….. 6.45 6.4.1. Construction Phase Economic Benefits ………………………………………………………… 6.45 6.4.2. Operations Phase Economic Benefits …………………………………………………………... 6.46 6.4.3. Wider Economic Benefits …………………………………………………………….................. 6.46 Chapter 7 7 Environmental Management and Monitoring ………………………………………………. 7.1 7.1. Draft Environmental Management Plan (EMP) …………………………………………………………….. 7.1 iv Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir 7.1.1. Components of the EMP …………………………………………………………………………. 7.2 7.1.2. The EMP in Context ………………………………………………………………………………. 7.3 7.1.3. Flexibility …………………………………………………………………………………………… 7.3 7.1.4. EMP Implementation Period …………………………………………………………………….. 7.4 7.1.4.1. Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) …………………………… 7.6 7.1.5. Roles and Responsibilities ……………………………………………………………………….. 7.10 7.1.5.1. Institutional Strenghthening & Capacity Building …………………………………….. 7.10 7.1.5.2. Estimated Costs for Environmental Management ……………………………………. 7.12 7.1.6. Feedback to PIU and EMU of AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan …………………………………….. 7.13 7.1.7. Failure to comply with EMP ………………………………………………………………………. 7.13 7.2. Draft Environmental Mitigation/Management Plan………………………………………………………….. 7.14 7.2.1. Pre-construction Mitigation/Management Plan ………………………………………………… 7.15 7.2.2. Construction Mitigation/Management Plan ……………………………………………………... 7.15 7.2.3. Emergency Procedures …………………………………………………………………………... 7.15 7.3. Environmental Monitoring and Supervision …………………………………………………………………. 7.16 7.3.1. Environmental Monitoring and Audit …………………………………………………………….. 7.17 7.3.2. Environmental Monitoring and Audit Requirements …………………………………………… 7.17 7.3.3. Reporting …………………………………………………………………………………………… 7.18 7.3.4. Site Enviromental Audit and Environmental Complaints ……………………………………… 7.23 7.3.5. Monitoring Form …………………………………………………………………………………… 7.25 Chapter 8 8 Public Consultation …………………………………………………………………………….. 8.1 8.1. Scoping Sessions ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 8.1 8.1.1. Stage 1 Consultation ……………………………………………………………………………… 8.2 8.1.2. Stage 2 Consultation ……………………………………………………………………………… 8.3 8.1.3. Stage 3 Consultation ……………………………………………………………………………… 8.3 8.1.4. Summary of Feedback ……………………………………………………………………………. 8.4 8.2. General Public …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8.6 Chapter 9 9 References ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 9.1 9.1. Selected Bibliography …………………………………………………………………………………………. 9.1 Annexe Annex-1 TOR of the EIA and Relevant World Bank Policies Annex-2 Waste Water Effluent Discharge Quality Standards Annex-3 Hydrology, Hydrogeology, Water Quality and Water Balance in the Proposed Catchment and Relevant National / International Standards Annex-4 Minutes of Meetings of Scoping and General Public Consultation Process Annex-5 Biological Research Report for the Proposed Project Corridor Annex-6 Photos of Site Surveyings and Consultation Activities v Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir List of Exhibits Chapter 1 Exhibit 1,1 Borders of Assessment Area and Project Corridor Chapter 2 Exhibit 2,1 Existing Water Supply System Exhibit 2,2 Existing Sewage System and Solid Waste Disposal Site of the City Exhibit 2,3 Proposed WSS System Concept preferred by the Beneficiary and Feasibility Consultant Exhibit 2,4 Proposed WTP and WWTP Sites Chapter 3 Exhibit 3,1 Limits of Row Exhibit 3,2 Intersections on the RoW-1 Exhibit 3,3 Intersections on the RoW-2 Exhibit 3,4 Intersections on the RoW-3 Exhibit 3,5 Sensitive Receivers in the Service Area Exhibit 3,6 Sensitive Archeological Receivers nearby the Project Corridor Exhibit 3,7 Typical Land Uses in and nearby the Service Area Exhibit 3,8 Rayon’s Vegetation Map for Assessment Area Exhibit 3,9 Rayon’s Wildlife Map for Assessment Area Exhibit 3,10 Rayon’s Land Structure and Soil Map for Assessment Area Exhibit 3,11 Rayon’s Geological Map for Assessment Area Exhibit 3,12 Seismicity Map of Azerbaijan Chapter 4 Exhibit 4,1 Route Alternatives of Raw Water Capture Chapter 6 Exhibit 6,1 Affected Agricultural Areas nearby the Project Corridor Exhibit 6,2 Riparian Corridor along the Raw Water Transmission Main Exhibit 6,3 Minimum Mandatory Buffers around the Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Chapter 7 Exhibit 7,1 Environmental Mitigation / Management Plan Exhibit 7,2 Monitoring Plan for Construction and Operation Phases List of Tables : Chapter 2 Table 2.1 Statistical Information of the Country ……………………………………………………………………… 2.1 Table 2.2 Statistical Information for Kurdamir rayon ……………………………………………………………… 2.2 Table 2.3 Assumptions for Systems Design ………………………………………………………………………….. 2.4 Table 2.4 Regulations and Standards for the Project ……………………………………………………………….. 2.5 Table 2.5 Predicted Population Figures used in the Systems Design…………………………………………….. 2.6 Table 2.6 Daily Raw and Recovered Water Demand by Planning Horizon 2030.………………………………… 2.7 Table 2.7 Daily Raw Water Demand by Planning Horizon 2030…………………………….……………………… 2.7 Table 2.8 Minimum Design Criteria for Water Supply System ……………………………………………………... 2.9 Table 2.9 Wastewater Generation for Actual and Future Inhabitants in Study Area……………………………… 2.11 Table 2.10 Council Directive 97/271/EEC …………………………………………………………………………….. 2.12 Table 2.11 Typical Characteristics of a Domestic Wastewater ……………………………………………………… 2.12 Table 2.12 Sanitary Sewer Collection Network Design Criteria …………………………………………………….. 2.12 Table 2.13 Design Criteria for WWTP …….…………………………………………………………………………….. 2.14 Table 2.14 Estimated Project Implementation Schedule …………………………………………………………….. 2.15 vi Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Chapter 3 Table 3,1 Key socio-economic indicators of the Project area …..…………………………………………………... 3.4 Table 3,2 Population Dynamics for the last three years ………………….…………………………………………. 3.5 Table 3,3 Number of incidences on water borned diseases ………………………………………………………… 3.6 Table 3,4 Intersecting Table for Proposed System Components …………………………………………………. 3.8 Table 3,5 Limits of CoI 1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………... 3.9 Table 3,6 National drinking water quality standards …………………………………………………………………. 3.21 Table 3,7 Climate in the Rayon ………………………………………………………………………………………… 3.22 Table 3,8 Wind Directions ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3.23 Table 3,9 Common Soil Types in Shirvan lowland ……..…………………………………………………………… 3.25 Table 3,10 National soil quality criteria …………………………………………………………………………………. 3.25 Table 3,11 National allowable heavy metal concentration standards in soil ……………………………………….. 3.25 Table 3,12 Limit Values of Directive 1999/30/EC ….……………………………………………………………..…… 3.27 Table 3,13 Air Quality Standards of USEPA and WHO …………………………………………………………….... 3.27 Table 3,14 National Ambient Air Quality Standards ............................................................................................. 3.27 Table 3,15 Criterian Applicable to Odor Emissions .............................................................................................. 3.29 Table 3,16 Dust Deposition Nuisance ................................................................................................................. 3.29 Table 3,17 Emissions from Vehicles .................................................................................................................... 3.29 Table 3,18 Environmental Quality Standards for Motor Vehicles Exhaust and Noise .......................................... 3.30 Table 3,19 Summary Project Air Quality Criteria .................................................................................................. 3.30 Table 3,20 Details of Representative Air and Noise Sensitive Receivers in Kurdamir city ………….…………. 3.30 Table 3,21 Noise Environment ............................................................................................................................. 3.32 Table 3,22 Building Damage Assessment Criteria ............................................................................................... 3.32 Table 3,23 Typical noise levels that can be applicable for the Project environment ............................................ 3.33 Table 3,24 National Maximum Allowable Noise Levels ……………………………………………………………… 3.33 Table 3,25 Cultural and Historical Heritages along the Project corridor …………………………………………… 3.42 Table 3,26 Estimated Workforce Requirement for the Construction Contract …………………………………….. 3.42 Table 3,27 Estimated machinary requirement for the construction contract ………………………………………. 3.43 Chapter 4 Table 4,1 Evaluation of the Raw water pipeline Alingnment ………………………………………………………... 4.5 Table 4,2 Environmental impacts of location Alternatives compared to Project for WTP location ……………… 4.10 Table 4,3 Max. permissible concentrations in sludge considered on agricultural land …………………………... 4,16 Table 4,4 Environmental impacts of location Alternatives compared to Project for WWTP location …………… 4.20 Chapter 5 Table 5,1 Principle Environmental Institutions / Ministries in Azerbaijan ………………………………………….. 5.1 Table 5,2 List of Laws and Regulations to be incorporated into the EMMP ………………………………………. 5.2 Table 5,3 The most pertinent Laws of Azerbaijan with respect to Environmental Aspects ……………………… 5.2 Chapter 6 Table 6,1 Comments Raised by AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan………………………………………………………… 6.5 Table 6,2 Selected Examples of the Definitions or Interpretations of the Concept of Significance …………….. 6.7 Table 6,3 The Three Broad Categories of Determining Impact Significance ……………………………………… 6.7 Table 6,4 Categories for the Rating of Impact Magnitude and Significance ………………………………………. 6.8 Table 6,5 The sensitivity (value of) of receptors ……………………………………………………………………… 6.8 Table 6,6 Examples of Criteria for Rating the Extent or Spatial Scale of Impacts ……………………………….. 6.8 Table 6,7 Examples of Criteria for Rating the Intensity or Severity of Impacts ………………………………….. 6.9 Table 6,8 Examples of Criteria for Rating the Duration of Impacts ………………………………………………… 6.9 Table 6,9 Examples of Criteria for Rating the Mitigatory Potential of Impacts ……………………………………. 6,9 Table 6,10 Examples of Criteria for Rating the Acceptability of Impacts ……………………………………………. 6,10 Table 6,11 Examples of Criteria for Rating the Degree of Certainty of Impacts ……………………………………. 6.10 Table 6,12 Stages in the EIA process where the Concept of Environmental Significance ……………………….. 6.11 Table 6,13 Matrix for Assessment of Significance Level of Impact and Magnitude of Impact……………………. 6.13 Table 6,14 General Conformity Review and Emission Inventory for the Proposed Project ................................. 6.27 Table 6,15 Actual work days during the construction period ................................................................................ 6.28 Table 6,16 NOx and VOC Calculation for Employee Vehicles ............................................................................. 6.28 Table 6,17 Recommended Odor Screening Distances ……………………………………………………………….. 6.30 vii Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Table 6,18 Typical Construction Noise levels ………………………………………………………………………….. 6.31 Table 6,19 Noise levels generated by the powered construction machinary ……………………………………….. 6.31 Table 6,20 Typical Combined Construction Noise Levels .................................................................................... 6.32 Table 6,21 Land Use Category of U.S. DoT for Noise Levels ……………………………………………………….. 6.32 Table 6,22 Impact levels matrix …………………………………………………………………………………………. 6.44 Chapter 7 Table 7,1 Suggested Environmental Management Team for AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan ………………………. 7,11 Table 7,2 Summary of administrative cost estimates for EMP implementation of EMU/AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan* in 12 rayons ……………………………………………………………………………………. 7,12 Table 7,3 Summary cost estimates for EMP implementation of Kurdamir rayon …………………………… 7,13 Table 7,4 Sample form for Environmental Monitoring Checklist ……………………………………………………. 7,26 Chapter 8 Table 8,1 Details of meetings held in the consultation process ……………………………………………………. 8,3 Table 8,2 Summary Feedback issues raised through the consultation programme ……………………………... 8,4 Table 8,3 Summary Public Feedback issues raised through the General Public Consultation 8,7 programme……………………………………………………………………………………………………... Table 8,4 Summary Public Feedback (scores are obtained from the results of hard copy interview questionnaries disseminated to Kurdamir Public, between October and December, 2010)…………. 8.8 List of Figures : Chapter 2 Figure 2,1 Proposed Process Scheme for Kurdamir WWTP by the Feasibility Consultant ……………… 2,13 Chapter 3 Figure 3,1 Topography in Kurdamir Rayon ……………..……………………………………………………… 3,12 Figure 3,2 Shirvan Plain Salinization Map and Project Corridor ……………………………………………… 3,14 Figure 3,3 Hydrography in Kurdamir Rayon ………………………………………………………………….. 3,16 Figure 3,4 Wind Rose, Kurdamir Rayon……………………………………………………………………… 3,23 Chapter 6 Figure 6,1 Scheme of Process for Development requiring EIA ………………………………………………... 6,3 Figure 6,2 Treshold Criteria of Significance ……………………………………………………………………… 6,10 Figure 6,3 Sound Attenuation – Worse Case Scenario for Pipe Laying in Kurdamir City ........................ 6,33 Figure 6,4 Sound Attenuation – Worse Case Scenario for Topsoil Stripping Activities along the raw water pipeline alignment between Catchment Area and WTP site ……………………………………… 6,34 Figure 6,5 Sound Attenuation – Worse Case Scenario for New Construction Activities in the WWTP site, east of Kurdamir City ………………………………………………………………………………….. 6,34 Chapter 7 Figure 7,1 Suggested Scope and Interaction of CEMP ………………………………………………………… 7,9 Figure 7,2 Environmental Management Team Composition for AWM OJSC ……………………………….. 7,12 Figure 7,3 Complaint Assessment Criteria ………………………………………………………………………. 7,25 List of Maps Chapter 2 Map 2,1 Rayon Administrative Map ……………………………………………………………………………. 2,3 viii Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Acronyms ANSR Air and Noise Sensitive Receivers AZN Azeri New Manat AWM OJSC Amelioration and Water Management Open Joint Stock Company of Azerbaijan AWWA American Water Work Association ASTM American Standards for Testing Materials ANSI American National Standard Institute BOD Biological Oxygen Demand BS British Standards COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CMF Construction Management Firm DIN German National Standards dB(A) Decibel-sound level- measured with using ‘A’ scale sound level filter DMP Drainage Control Plan EC European Council ECO Environmental Control Official EN European Norms EU Europe EMP Environmental Management Plan EC-TDP Erosion Control and Temporary Drainage Plan EMU Environmental Management Unit of AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan GOST Russian National Standards (gosudarstvennyy standard) HIGD Horizontal Infiltration Gallery Diversion ISO International Standard Organization IEC International Electrotechnical Commission Masl Meters Above Sea Level MLSS Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids MMP Material Management Plan MENR Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Azerbaijan MoA Ministry of Agriculture of Azerbaijan MES Ministry of Emergency Situation of Azerbaijan MoH Ministry of Health of Azerbaijan NGO Non-Governmental Organization NTU Turbidity Unit NDCP Noise and Dust Control Plan OP Operational Policy PM Particulate Matters PPE Personal Protective Equipment PMO Project Management Office REP Rayon Executive Power RPF Resettlement Policy Framework RSKD Rayon SuKanal Department RAS Return Activated Sludge SIPE Supply and Installation of Plant and Equipment SP Safety Plan SEE State Ecological Expertise SNIP Construction Norms and Regulations of Azerbaijan SNWSSP Second National Water Supply and Sanitation Project SSC State Statistical Committee SWTR Surface Water Treatment Rules TP-TMP Temporary Pedesterian and Traffic Management Plan USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency WAS Waste Activated Sludge WHO World Health Organization WTP Water Treatment Plant WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant WMP Waste Management Plan ix Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Definitions : Alternatives : These are different ways of achieving the goals or objectives of a plan or proposal. Alternatives are also referred to as options Arid Climate : A climate characterized by less than 254 mm of annual precipitation. Avoidance : Measures taken to prevent impacts from happening in the first place. Baseline Studies : Work done to determine and describe the environmental conditions against which any future changes can be measured. This expression is used to describe a type of traditional irrigation system which is Charize , and/ or Khariz : commonly used in the central Asia and south west Asia since the ancient times (Parthians) . It can be written chariz , Charize, and/ or Khariz. Compensation : Measures which may be taken to enhance, restore or create a habitat to compensate for residual impacts on a habitat and/or its associated species to achieve no-net-loss of habitat and/or species. Such measures are normally off-site, but as close as possible to the site. Cultural Heritage : Any place or object of cultural significance including buildings, structures, landscapes, graves and geological, archaeological and palaeontological sites. Cumulative Effects : The effects that result from changes caused by a project, plan, programme or policy in association with other past, present or reasonably foreseeable future plans and actions. Consideration of cumulative effects emphasizes the need for broad and comprehensive information regarding the effects. Effluent : Something that flows out, such as wastewater, treated or untreated, that flows out of a wastewater treatment plant, sewer, or industrial outfall. Environment : The surroundings in which humans exist and which comprise: a. The land, water and atmosphere of the earth. b. Micro-organisms, plant and animal life. c. Any part or combination of a) and b) and the interrelationships among and between them. d. The physical, chemical, aesthetic and cultural properties and conditions of the foregoing that can influence human health and well-being. Environmental assessment : Generic term used to describe the process of integrating environmental considerations into decision making by assessing the significant environmental effects. Environmental Impact : The change to the environment resulting from an environmental aspect (an activity) x Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir on the environment, whether desirable or undesirable. An impact may be the direct or indirect consequence of an activity. Environmental Impact The effects that result from changes caused by a project, plan, programme or policy Assessment (EIA) : in association with other past, present or reasonably foreseeable future plans and actions. Environmental assessment as applied to projects. Environmental Management A detailed plan of action prepared to ensure that recommendations for enhancing Plan (EMP) : positive impacts and/or limiting or preventing negative environmental impacts are implemented during the life-cycle of a project. Generic ……………………….: Generic term used to describe the process of integrating environmental considerations into decision making by assessing the significant environmental effects. Indicator : A measure of variables over time, often used to measure achievement of objectives. Mitigation : Measures which aim to reduce impacts to the point where they have no adverse effects (i.e. no residual impacts). Monitoring : Activities undertaken after the decision is made to adopt the plan, program or project to examine its implementation. For example, monitoring to examine whether the significant environmental effects occur as predicted or to establish whether mitigation measures are implemented. Objective : A statement of what is intended, specifying the desired direction of change in trends. Offset : A wide range of measures that may be taken to offset residual impacts, e.g. habitat restoration, improved site protection and management, and capacity building. Plan : A detailed proposal, scheme, program, or method worked out beforehand for the accomplishment of an objective. Plan-making authority : The authority that writes the plan or project. Precautionary principle : Prudent action which avoids the possibility of irreversible environmental damage in situations where the scientific evidence is inconclusive but the potential damage could be significant. Project programme : ‘The execution of construction works or of other installations or schemes — other interventions in the natural surroundings and landscape including those involving the extraction of mineral resources’. Defined in Directive 85/337/EEC on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (as amended by Directive 97/11/EC). Pollution : Any change in the environment caused by substances, radioactive or other waves, xi Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir or noise, odors, dust or heat, emitted from any activity, including the storage or treatment of waste or substances, construction and the provision of services, whether engaged in by any person or an organ of state, where that change has an adverse effect on human health or well-being or on the composition, resilience and productivity of natural or managed ecosystems, or on materials useful to people, or will have such an effect in the future. Public Easement : The right of the general public to use certain streets, highways, paths or airspace, beaches, river basins, coastal zones, tributaries. In most cases the easement came about through reservation of the right when land was deeded to individuals or by dedication of the land to the government. But, the term ‘’ Public Easement’’ is used in document as dedicated lands in use of government. Residual Impacts : Impacts that remain after the effect of mitigation measures have been accounted for. Riparian Vegetation (Zone) : Vegetation occurring on the banks of a river or stream (i.e. vegetation fringing a water body). In this specification, riparian vegetation in terms of removal, storage and replacement is only applied to sedge, grass, groundcover, reed, bulrush, or herbaceous component of riparian vegetation and excludes the woody component. Sanitation ……………………: Sanitation describes interventions for the safe management and disposal of excreta, with the principal safety mechanism being the separation of excreta from all future human contact. Screening : The process of deciding whether a plan or programme requires SEA or whether a project requires EIA. Scoping : The process of deciding the scope and level of detail of an SEA or EIA, including the environmental effects and alternatives which need to be considered, the assessment methods to be used, and the structure and contents of the Report. Solid Waste : All solid waste, including construction debris, chemical waste, excess cement/concrete, wrapping materials, timber, tins and cans, drums, wire, nails, food and domestic waste (e.g. plastic packets and wrappers). Strategic Environmental Generic term used to describe environmental assessment as applied to policies, Assessment (SEA) : plans and programmes. Sub Soil : Subsoil is the soil horizons between the topsoil horizon and the underlying parent rock. Subsoil often has more clay-like material than the topsoil. Subsoil is of less value to plants, in terms of nutrient (food) and oxygen supply, than topsoil. When subsoil is exposed it tends to erode fairly easily. Sustainability Appraisal An appraisal of the economic, environmental and social effects of a plan from the (SA) : outset of the preparation process to allow decisions to be made that accord with sustainable development. xii Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Sustainable Development : A widely-used and accepted international definition of sustainable development is ‘Development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’. Tiering : The linking of assessments for policies, plans, programmes and projects to achieve a logical hierarchy and avoid unnecessary duplication of assessment work. Top Soil : This is defined as a horizon of the soil profile. Topsoil is the upper layer of soil from which plants obtain their nutrients for growth. It is often darker in colour, due to the organic (humic) fraction. Topsoil is deemed for the purposes of this specification as the layer of soil from the surface to the specified depth required for excavation. Where topsoil is referred to, it is deemed to be both the soil and grass/ground cover fraction. Wastewater : Effluent water from residences, businesses and other water users that contains contamination. Sewage. Water supply system : Means a permanently installed system providing piped water to the public for potable purposes, if such system has at least five service connections used by year-round residents. Such term includes source, collection, pumping, treatment, transmission, storage and distribution facilities used in connection with such System. Water body : Any open body of water including streams, dams, rivers, lakes, and the sea. Wetland : A seasonally, temporally, or permanently wet area, which also may exhibit a specific vegetation community. It is often marshy in character. xiii Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary Overview This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report for the proposed Water Supply and Sanitation (WSS) investment in Kurdamir rayon of Azerbaijan has been prepared by the EIA consultant in response to fulfill the requirement of Law on Environmental Protection of Azerbaijan, 1999. This document has also been prepared to address the items identified in other relevant National Laws and Regulations of Azerbaijan, and relevant International Regulations and Conventions being addressed in the Project appraisal documents, e.g., State Ecological Expertise (SEE) 1996, the Law on Safety - Sanitary State 1992, the Water Code 1997, Construction Norms and Regulations (SNIP), Rule for Use , Protection and Preservation of Trees and Bushes No. 173, 2005, relevant European Council Directives 91/271/EEC (UWWTP directive) and 98/83/EC (drinking Water Standards), World Bank Operational Policies (WB OP 4.01, and etc). Chapter 5 of this document is specific for these acts and regulations. This EIA presents the results and conclusions of environmental assessment for the proposed construction of the WSS investment, which is intended to be implemented in rayon Kurdamir. Consideration will be given to improving integration of National / International development strategies and for developing the mitigating measures. This EIA is planning instruments that aim to contribute to the design phases of the development as well as function as management tools to minimize potential negative impacts and maximize benefits during construction and operational phases of the Project. To be effective in this role, EIA needs to form an integral part of the Project design process, and should be incorporated into the bidding documents. 1. Background The Second National Water Supply and Sanitation Project (SNWSSP) is financed by the World Bank and the Government of Azerbaijan. The project is expected to address the problems facing the WSS sector through reconstruction and rehabilitation of infrastructure in 21 rayons in Azerbaijan. Second National Water Supply and Sanitation Project Implementation Unit under the Amelioration and Water Management Open Joint Stock Company of Azerbaijan (AWM OJSC), is responsible for 16 rayons of Azerbaijan in scope of SNWSSP. 2. Project Purpose The overall aim of the Project (SNWSSP) is to improve access to safe, reliable and sustainable water supply and sanitation (WSS) services in the urban centres of the said above 21 rayons of Azerbaijan. One of these rayons is Kurdamir, which is located in the Aran Economic Region of Azerbaijan. This objective will be achieved through rehabilitation and reconstruction of the water supply and sanitation infrastructure in the rayon. Realization of the Project will positively affect the environmental safety, economic, social development and the health of population; as well as put the basis for correspondence to legislative requirements in the area of environmental safety and to state standards of water usage. The project is part of the country wide strategy to bring the improvements in living standards further xiv Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary than the major urban areas and into the smaller towns and cities of the rural rayons. 3. Summary Project Description Location of the Project The site is located in rayon Kurdamir of Azerbaijan, and specifically within the rayon centre city and surrounding. The rayon is situated in the Aran Economic region at the central part of Azerbaijan, and surrounded by Zardab and Ujar rayons in the west, Hajiqabul rayon in the east, and Sabirabad rayon in the south and east, and Agsu rayon in the north and northeast. The rayon has also short border lines with Ismayilli and Goychay rayons in the north and northwest. The rayon is located in the centre of Shirvan plain and bordered by Kura River in the south. The area of the rayon is characterized by fragments of hills, slopes and flatlands. Accumulative alluvial plains are more frequent in the south of this rayon. Rayon’s total area is 1,632 square km. Service Area of the Proposed Project The drinkable water supply scheme for the rayon has been envisaged to conclude the additional twelve (50 percent of Atakishili, 50 percent of Xirdapay, Shimli, Degirmenli, Murtullu, Yenikend, Topalhasanli, Shahseven, Qagachli, Qarqochak, Goydellekli and Arabmehdibey) villages located on the course of the treated water transmission main. However, the piped water supply network will include only 50 % of Atakishili and 50 % of Xirdapay villages together with the rayon centre city. Altough other villages said above will be provided treated drinkable water, no piped network for water supply system is included into the project’s scope. These villages have own drinkable water distribution reservoir and own piped network. Because of the fact that the development plan of Kurdemir Municipality contains some adjacent areas which belong administratively to the villages Xirdapay (West) and Atakishili (East), these villages are concluded into the sewage collection system. AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan, the local officials and relevant departments of the rayon have agreed with this scheme during the initial project evaluation period. Rayon’s total population is 103,767 by 2009. The rayon has one town (rayon centre Kurdamir city), and 61 villages. The rayon centre Kurdamir city’s population is 18,234 by 2009. According to Feasibility Consultant’s population forecast, the service area population for water supply will be 48,624, and for sewerage system 26,870 by 2030. Project Design Criteria and Project Elements Three alternative catchment areas are evaluated by the Feasibility Consultant for providing the drinkable water of the proposed water supply service area in consultation with AWM OJSC and local officials. However, only one of them (Alternative 2) is preferred as raw water source for the project by the Feasibility Consultant in consultation with AWM OJSC and local officials. The preferred alternative offers to use of sub-surface lateral water from Kulullu HIGD for the raw water requirements of the water supply system. The required raw water will be diverted by a Horizontal Infiltration Gallery Diversion Unit (HIGDU) to be built in the same site as the old one nearby Kullullu village. The new HIGDU will be located at about 170 masl. The raw water will be transferred to the WTP site which is located at about 89 masl in the upper levels of Arabmehdibey village in Agsu rayon. The treated drinkable water will be conveyed to the proposed service area by the gravity in this alternative. A new WWTP will be constructed along Baku – Tbilisi Highway between highway and railway east of the city. The whole sewage system will consist of the sewer pipelines (interceptor, collector and xv Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary lateral), the manholes, and a WWTP. Gravity collection of the whole sewage system is not possible in Kurdamir case. The sewage collection system will have 14 nos pump stations due to the flat topography of the city’s settled area. Aspect Assumptions Project Assumption Planning Horizon : 20 years (2010-2030) Scope of the Project : The study area of the project for the rayon is identified in the relevant project appraisal documents, and summarized for water supply investment as ‘based on the premise of providing water service to entire urban centre plus adjacent villages and/or villages along the transmission mains’, and for the wastewater investment as ‘based on the design premise to connect the central business/apartments block district of each urban centre to a main sewage collector plus settlements close to this main sewage collector for transfer to a wastewater treatment plant’. Water Consumption per : 150 l / day capita per day-pcpd (l /day) Water Supply System Criteria and Components Source Development : Development of New Sources instead of the old ones at Sudlubulaq spring area. Type : To be preferred by way of gravity. Quality of Water : As per European Council Directive 98/83/EC Storage Capacity : Attaining 100% of average daily peak demand, including non-residential demand, wastage and leakages Design Elements : Alternative water resources, parallel treatment streams, main pipe loops, distribution pipes without dead ends, back-up power generation, etc. Recovered Drinkable : 107.55 l/s Water Demand with non- residential demand Service Area Population : 48,624 based on yearly average population growth rate 0.8158 by 2030 % growth rate (incremental growth rates vary gradually as 0.967, 0.859, 0.583, and 0.382 % between 2010 and 2030 respectively). Raw water Extraction : The sub-surface lateral water exploited by a new HIGDU from, Method will be treated in a WTP to be located in the existing SuKanal site north of Arapmehdibey village at about 89 masl. Raw Water Source : Sub-surface Lateral Water. Raw Water Tranmission : Approx. 5.3 km from the catchment area to Water Treatment Main Plant (WTP). Customer Connections : 6,250 including non residential customer connections. and customer water meters xvi Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary Main Drinkable Water : Total drinkable water storage capacity of at least Distribution Tank minimum 9,292 cum/day, recovered water. Water Treatment Plant : 1 ea, in the capacity of at least 107.55 l/s recovered water with (WTP) the multiple treatment barrier. Sewage Collection System and Wastewater Treatment Criteria and Components Scope of the System : Municipal Sanitary sewers only (storm water system is not Network included in the project) Wastewater Treatment : As per European Council Directive 91/271 EEC. Effluent Quality Standard Treatment Type : Extended Aeration-Activated Sludge process. Non-domestic Sewage : Effluent water quality standards are not applied to factories discharging wastewater into the sewage system. Service Area population : 26,870 based on yearly average population growth rate 0.8158 by 2030 % growth rate (incremental growth rates vary gradually as 0.967, 0.859, 0.583, and 0.382 % between 2010 and 2030 respectively). Daily Dry Weather Flow : 6,313 cum/day Estimated average daily : BOD5: 2,028 kg/day loads and concentrations COD : 3,732 kg/day (dry weather peak day) TSS : 2,164 kg/day BOD5, COD, TSS Sanitary house : 6,250 including non residential customer connections. connections Wastewater Treatment : 1 ea, in the treatment capacity of at least 6,313 cum/day (dry Plant weather flow) sewage water with the Extended Aeration- Activated Sludge Process. Power Supply : Minimize or even avoid the use of electrical components both for Water Supply System and Sewage Collection and Treatment System (e.g., gravity over pumping transmission/ distribution/ collection) according to cost and limited availability of electricity. 4. Environmental Baseline Data The project corridor passes through an area that collectively sustains almost 40% of the rayon's population for water supply and 22% for sewage collection systems. Land Use in Kurdamir city The residential strips generally have no uniform size and spacing of structures, linear driveways, and lawn areas in the urban core area; the commercial strips have buildings of different sizes and spacing, large driveways, and parking areas. Residential development along does not exist along Baku - Tbilisi highway. Linear residential developments along the transportation route extending outward from the urban area do not exist along the main axis of the transportation routes. xvii Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary Commercial The central business districts in Kurdamir city are commonly densed along Baku – Tbilisi highway and Babek street which lies from north to south through the city. The business districts include some institutions and local administrative buildings, schools, and some residential units. They are often abutted by residential or other contrasting uses, which help define them. There is no separate category for recreational land uses is pervasive throughout any other land uses. Industrial There is no heavy industrial land use in and around the rayon centre Kurdamir city. Four public and 12 light industrial enterprises exist in the city. Several small scale workshops and bakeries, which are located between the residential and administrative units that are listed below, also exist in the city. Concrete based constructional goods maintenance and carpet weaving are the main small and light industrial sectors in and surrounding the rayon centre. Several small scale workshops and bakeries, which are located between the residential and administrative units that are listed below, also exist in the city. Transportation The rayon centre Kurdamir city is located at the 189th km of Baku – Tbilisi highway. Road Exploitation Office (REO) of the rayon reports that the Rights of Way (RoW) of the highway is 60 m (30 m + 30 m according the road center line). REO reports that the traffic in line with Kurdamir is currently at about 7500 – 8000 vehicle per day (vpd) on the highway. 55 km of Baku – Tbilisi highway section and 54 km of Baku-Tbilisi railway section travel in the rayon area. Old airport is dilapidated, and its land is used for other purposes. There are railway station and land transportation terminal buildings inside city. Economic Activities The main economic activity is agriculture. Althogh 84,000 hectares of arable land exist in the rayon, 55,800 hectares of land are cultivated. The main crops in the rayon are cotton, melons, potatoes, corn, sunflower, peanut, grapes, alfalfa, and some kinds of fruits. Four public, 12 light industrial enterprises and 22 agricultural businesses exist in the city. Artifial irrigation is densed by intensive irrigation network in the rayon. 64,900 hectares of pasture exist in rayon. 3,800 hectares of orchards exist in the homestead lands. The majority of the farms is spread in the parts of Kur river banks. However, the great part of the plain area is not used as arable lands. A fragrant of desert-wine is produced in the region. Cattle-breeding is based on pastures in the rayon. The number of livestock is 369,655 including small cattles (sheep and goats) in the rayon. However, the stockbreeders in the city have 60,983 cattle and 127,397 small cattles (sheep and goats). The rayon is also engaged the poultry breeding. Municipal Water Supply in the City Although a dispersed water supply network exists in the rayon centre Kurdamir city, the satisfactory and hygienic drinkable water cannot be supplied to the customers because of no sufficient exploitation, and no adequate storage capacity and water release. The water supply system of the city was constructed in 1953. 85 percent of the feeder mains and piped network consist of the steel pipes which are approximately 20 km in length and constructed between 1953 and 1978. A small part of the piped network (approx. one km) consists of HDPE pipes which were installed in 2000 by rayon SuKanal department. An approximately 2.5 km of feeder mains which is installed by cast-iron pipes and constructed in 1953, is already in use with other parts of the network. According to the report of rayon SuKanal department, only 6 km (25 percent of it) section of the network is currently operational due to the old and dispersed condition. Therefore, the drinking water often cannot be provided directly to the customers. In many parts of the city, the people can provide the water from the public taps 2-4 hours a day. The rayon SuKanal department has 2500 registered customers who are xviii Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary roughly 50 percent of the city population (9000 people). Roughly 20 percent of the registered customers is public sector, and 10 percent of them is commercial. Water metering is not common and limited to few commercial and industrial consumers. 30-50 percent of the population supply themselves with untreated water from irrigation channels preferred for minor purposes like washing, gardening and livestock breeding but also for drinking. Approximately 10 - 20 percent of the city’s population is provided drinkable water from private tanker trucks. SuKanal Department has one truck to supply water to public sector buildings. It was reported that seven private tank trucks are operated in Kurdemir city and an unknown number in the village area north of the town. The whole distribution network is partially damaged. The drinkable water distribution system in the city seems to have depleted its economic life span. Currently, the municipal water supply for the city is provided from an existing Horizontal Infiltration Gallery (HIGD) located in the Kulullu valley on the lowstreams of Girdimanchay river flood plain. The rayon Irrigation Department reports that the flow rates of this HIGD are routinely measured. Average raw water expolitation capacity of this facility is approximately 175 l/s. However, water wastage and leakages from the collection well and tranmission main are huge due to old and dispersed connections of the components. There are no centralized fire fighting network, and no water treatment and disinfection facility established in the system. Conclusively, Kurdamir city has a scattered, dispersed, and inadequate water supply system. It no longer has the strength to endure the economical and social development of the city. Sewage Network in City Presently, there is a small scale dispersed and unhygienic sewage disposal system in the city. The existing system was mainly implemented in 1977 with the asbestos cement collector sewers. The sufficient information exists for neither the original concept of the system nor the age, size and location of the collector sewers and lateral mains. The rayon SuKanal Department reports that the whole sewage system consists of 7 kms of asbestos cement collector sewers (150 – 500 mm in diameter) and approximately 1.5 km of interceptor sewer (500 – 600 mm in diameter). The existing system was designed according to gravity collection of the wastewater. Due to the flat topography of the city two pump stations are also connected to the system as back-up for controlling the water level in the rainy days. The first pump station was built in rayon SuKanal site north of the railway. The second one is located among the residential area in the south part of the city nearby the old WWTP site. Although the construction of WWTP was finished in 1978, it had never operated. The old WWTP site provides no sufficient land for a new WWTP which will serve in accordance with the modern engineering practices, and it is situated in a residential area. The existing sewage system covers about 500 customer connections (approximately15 percent of current population of the city) including institutional and commercial buildings. The current practice in the rest of the city is to use private septic pits, and/or to discharge the wastewater directly to the irrigation canals and drainage collectors surrounding the city. Sukanal department operates an old sewerage tank truck for emptying the septic pits of institutional buildings and disposal of the sludge in the rural vicinity. On the other hand, there is the number of privately owned sewerage tank trucks which serve the remaining householders in the city. However, their numbers are unknown. These trucks dispose the septic sewage to the existing system through the manholes. Storm water is collected with open drainage channels on the sides of the roads and is evacuated to the drainage channel at the easternmost of the city through a culvert located parallel to the railway. Conclusively, Kurdamir city’s sewage collection and disposal system no longer has the strength to endure the economical and social development of the city. Solid Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal (SWD) site is located in a distance of 12 km along Kurdamir – Imishli highway nearby Sorsor village. The landfill is not on the balance of Kurdamir House Exploitation Department. The area of site is 4 ha, and a 6-8 cum SWD a day is disposed to the site with four old / non-standard xix Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary dumptrucks and one regular compaction truck (new one). No protective perimeter fence and/or wall exists surrounding the SWD site. Solid wastes are burnt once a day and buried by the earth in the site, and no separation is managed. Source-separating of the wastes is not applied in the city. All solid wastes are collected in the manner of commingled including the medical wastes, and disposed to the site. Project Corridor Design The project corridor is strategically located, including the National and respective regional principles. It should also serve the most heavily populated regions of the rayon. No demarcation an alternative route would require vast amounts of land acquisition, disrupt rural communities, interfere with established natural and agro-ecosystems, and result in further environmental and social degradation. The alignment of the pipe lines is routed to bypass irrigation canals, ditches, public and private amenities, and even some small part of agricultural lots. The RoW limits inside the settlements are generally confined to the streets’ width. Major construction activities will remain confined to the existing RoW. However, situations in which construction-related activities will extend beyond the existing RoW include:  Establishing construction campsites and asphalt plants on temporarily acquired land,  Borrowing soil material from temporarily acquired land,  Quarrying aggregate material,  Constructing haul tracks in order to transport construction material, etc. For the purposes of this study the Corridor of lmpact (CoI) has been divided into two zones (Col 1 and Col 2). The approach in delineating the Col 1 for the direct effects of the project activities is agreed on and outlined between 105 - 30 m in the open areas, and 50-53 m in residential areas. Col 2 marks the limit within which the indirect impact of project activities is expected. This includes the effects associated with noise, vibrations, vehicular enmissions, toxic emissions and fugitive dust from batching and mixing plants, and the consumption of natural resources, such as earth fill and water, required during construction. Air quality impact area is agreed on the area within a distance of 500 m from the Project boundary, and Noise impact area is agreed on the area within 300 m from the Project boundary in the open areas considering riparians and wildlife habitats nearby the Project corridor. The ecological impact area will cover all the Project units where the topsoil is to be stripped and the original land cover is disturbed. All other potential induced impacts will remain within a distance of 500 m from the Project boundary. Climate in the Rayon The climate of Kurdemir which is situated in the center of Shirvan lowlands is characterized by dry summer, mild-hot semi-desert and dry steppe. This climatic condition is known for poor humidity, mild winter and dry-hot summer. Sometimes gentle windy weather is observed. While the average temperature of the coldest month (January) is 1,4 ºC, the hottest month (July) is 27,3 ºC. Sometimes the absolute maximum temperature during summer season even reaches 43 ºC. The annual average temperature is 14,5 ºC, the winter is mild. The temperature sometimes falls below (–) 24 ºC during coldest years. However, summer is characterized by absolute max temperature as 43 ºC. Snow cover lasts for 12 days, and hailing lasts 0.2 day a year. The relative annual average humidity is 72 %, ranges between 52-8% within a year. The annual precipitation amount in the rayon is 360 mm. The precipitation mostly falls in spring and autumn. The potential evaporation occurs 1188 mm in summer, and 198 – 236 mm in winter. Winds According to information of the Meteorological Department of Kurdamir, average annual wind speed xx Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary equals 2 - 3 metres per second in the rayon. The winds in rayon that are the southeasternly (22 - 26%) during hot season. However, the it dominates westernly (21 – 27%) in the cold season. The number of days of which are windy more than 15 m/s in speed is 15 days in a year. The number of occurrences of weak wind is 49 days. Topography in the Rayon The area of the rayon is characterized by fragments of hills, slopes and flatlands. Accumulative alluvial plains are more frequent in the south of this rayon. The rayon area is mainly located in the eastern part of Shirvan plain at the foot of the Great Caucasus. Southern flank of the Great Caucasus ridge descended down to Alazan-Ayrichay valley (in some sources Alazan-Haftaran valley, whereas in others it is considered as one of the Kur River valley parts) that in some places is parallel to the mentioned ridge. The Langabiz – Alat foreranges lie at the north edge of the plain westeasternly. The relief of the project corridor varies between 110 masl (in the catchment area) and 0 masl (in the WWTP site south of the city). The relief of the city’s settled area changes between 0 – 10 masl. Geology and Seismicity in the Area Lowlands located within the Kur-Araz basin in Azerbaijan mainly include the Mughan-Salyan basin, a part of the Shirvan plain, Mil-Mughan, and Lankaran basins of pore and stratal waters. They have unfavorable hydrogeological conditions. In geological section of these areas built by continental- marine and marine sediments of the upper Pliocene-Quaternary and Quaternary age, continental sediments have subordinate position. Landslides are dominantly pervasive in areas with conducive lithology and hydrogeology conditions within southeast Great Caucasus (Girdimanchay and Agsuchay) and its northeast sector (Valvalachay, Gilgilchay, and Atachay rivers). The Yavandag-Sangachal gravity maximum is suggested to be a buried extension of the Vandam anticlinorium within the Shamaxi-Gobustan synclinorium. Here, within Girdiman and Agsu River interfluve Maykop deposits are overlain by thick (1500m) Cretaceous (Dibrar facies) deposits, referred to as the Baskal nappe with a 10 km horizontal offset. Westward, within Mazimchay and Girdimanchay rivers interfluve most of the southern part of the Vandam anticlinorium consists of sheet-like pebble deposits. Deluvial cones are met within Shirvan plain. The central part of the plain, as well as Mughan and Salyan plains are typified by ancient river-bed levees, drainless depressions, sub-aerial delta, whereas within southeast Shirvan there are recent Caspian lagoonal deposit relics, deflation gullies, conical dunes, ancient and recent beach barriers. The north ravine net causes insignificant soil erosion. Another cause of aggravating ecological condition in the area is the process of salinity triggered by dry steppe semi-desert condition, hot climate and high evaporation (possible evaporation 1034 mm). See Figure 3,2. The Kura river’s flood plains are typically underlain by mainly loose, unconsolidated sand and alluvium as well as some occurrence of mountain outwash deposits and lacustrine sediments. Tectonically Kurdemir Rayon belonging to central part of the Kura depression is located in the Shirvan hydrogeological regions. In the area geological structure IV period Pleistocene (Q1-3) and Holocene (Q4) sand-clay grounds are widely spread. In the north and south-foothill zone, more ancient (Q1-2), and in the central part – along the Kura river younger (Q4) rock complexes are spread. Geologically the rock complexes are of alluvial, proluvial, deluvial, lake and lagoone origin. The Project corridor mainly falls into the areas are formed of aluvial – proluvial flood meadow plain (Q 2-3) between Kulullu village of Agsu rayon and Kurdamir city. xxi Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary Based on the Seismic Activities Classification Map of the Azerbaijan Republic Kurdamir Rayon is in the 7 grade. Water Resources The Rayon is characterized by a large irrigation network which is fed from Mingachevir Reservoir. Yukhari Shirvan irrigation canal is situated in a distance of 20 km north of Kurdamir city westeasternly. However, only a 3.7 km section of this canal travels in the northeasternmost of the rayon area nearby Boyuk Kangarli village. Girdiman (19.2 km), Agsu (34 km), a small part of Ashagi Shirvan (15.6 km) and Bash Mil Qarabagh (10.4 km), Goychay (36.5 km) and Bash Shirvan (47.6 km) collectors are located in the rayon area. Majority of the villages provide the drinking water from the irrigation network without treatment in the rayon. This situation creates an important public health risk in the region. The irrigation and collector-drainage infrastructure have been created for a long time with the consideration of such complicated soil-climatic condition. There are 172.9 km of inter- farm canals and 684.4 km of intra-farm canals in the rayon area. There are also 21 km of inter-farm collector drains and 242.7 km of intra-farm collector drains in rayon. There is no river which passes from the city and its adjacent area. A branch of Girdimanchay river travels northsouthernly in a distance of 10 km in the east, and Kur river 20 km in the south westeasternly. The Girdimanchay and the Agsuchay rivers and their branches flow southernly through Agsu and Ismailli rayons. The mountainous streams in the sloping plains have provided rocks and pebbles in the soil. The shallow sub-surface under most of Shirvan lowland is subjected to natural contamination in the form of salinization. The following main salinization types are distinguished; sulphate-chloride- sodium; and sulphate/chloride-magnesium/sodium. Local contamination of the shallow sub-surface has been observed; by organic and mineral fertilizers in irrigated areas and in land adjacent to mineral fertilizers storehouses; and by various chemical elements and compounds within some industrial plants. The Project corridor is mainly located between Kulullu village in Agsu rayon and Kurdamir city, and on the settled area of Kurdamir city. Mineral and Geothermal Waters There are no significant mineral and geothermal water sources in the rayon area. Spring Water There are no significant spring water sources in the rayon area. Groundwater Along Kur river bank in Shirvan and Mil steppes, central and north Mughan, Salyan and south-east Shirvan ground water is regarded to sodium chloride type of mineralization. The unconfined aquifer spreads actually all over the submontain plains in Azerbaijan. The depth of the groundwater table changes as the terrain descends, ranging from 60-80m at the tops of the debris cones to several centimeters in the thinning and discharge zone. The deepest are tables of the unconfined water at the cone tops in the Alazan-Agrichay plan (to 89m), Shirvan plain (to 73m), Ganja-Qazakh plain (to 97m), Mil-Mughan plain (80m). Aquifer thickness ranges from 3-4 m (Ganja- Qazakh, Qarabakh-Mil and Shirvan plains) to 178-185m (Ganja-Qazakh and Shirvan). Output of wells drilled into the unconfined aquifer mainly stay within 25- 30 l/s, mostly 3-5 l/s to 15-20 l/s. Within the Shirvan plain, beyond the river debris cones groundwater are mainly salty. Total hardness of the fresh waters does not exceed 7-12 mg/l, whereas hardness of the weakly brackish water xxii Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary reaches 18-27 mg/l. Chemically the fresh waters are mostly of hydrocarbonate calcium, hydrocarbonate-chloride and hydrocarbonate-sulfate calcium magnesium- sodium type; whereas sulfate, hydrocarbonate, magnesium, sodium ions and chlorine ions prevail in the composition of weakly brackish waters. With the increase of mineralization hydrocarbonate calcium waters transfer into chloride sodium waters. Saline contamination of groundwater occurs where the resource is at shallow depth (<1.5 meters) in the Kur - Araz lowlands. In some places, the groundwater is at the surface (especially during the irrigation season) and this hinders farming and leads to deterioration of the land due to the development of surface salinity. Grassland and wetlands form and thrive in small areas where the groundwater depth is shallow or where the water comes to the surface. Irrigation, water leaking and/or percolating from canals and irrigated areas are the primary factors that creates the high groundwater regime in Shirvan lowland, because of over supply of irrigation water and poor drainage of the excess. Salty subsurface water have no practical use and contain a whole range of chemical elements and compounds. No registered sub-artesian wells which are used for irrigation and domestic water supply, exist in the rayon area. Surface Water in the Rayon The main surface waters in Aran economic region of Azerbaijan are mainly Kur and Araz rivers and their branches which join to two rivers along their basins form nouth and south. The two rivers are the main sources of hydroelectric energy and irrigation network in the region. The north branches of Lower Kur river are Alijanchay, Turyanchay, Goychay, Girdimanchay and Agsuchay rivers flow northsouternly toward Kur basin. However, for the aims of this study only Kur river, Girdimanchay river, Upper Shirvan and Bash Shirvan Canals are examined in respect of water quality and hydrological characteristics. Other numerous small rivers and creeks born from springs on the south declivities of Great Caucasus and Langabiz ranges join these rivers in the mid highlands and Shirvan lowland nearby the Project corridor. Kur River The Kur river basin is considered one of the biggest international waterway in the world. 28, 4% of its basin belongs to Azerbaijan, 21, 28%- to Iran, 19, 36%- to Georgia, 15, 85- to Armenia and 15, 37% - to Turkey. The Kur river originates at a height of 2740 meters on north-eastern slope of Qizilgedikdag mountain in Turkey. It passes through Georgia and enters Azerbaijan, runs through Kur-Araz lowland and flow into the Caspian Sea. Its total length is 1515 km, and length is 906 km in Azerbaijan. It has a catchment area in Azerbaijan of 749 square km at the downstream end of a total length of 1,364 km. The overall catchment area of the Kur - Araz is 188,000 km2. The flow of the Kur river is divided into three sections: the top section, which is from the origins to the Borjomi valley, the middle one, which is from the Borjomi valley to Mingechevir reservoir and the lower one, which is from Mingechevir to the Caspian Sea. The length of the Lower Kur is 605 km with a width of 130-310 m. 84 km of lower Kur flow along the southern border of the rayon. Mingechevir, Shamkir and Yenikend dams and hydroelectric power stations were constructed on the course of the river within the Azerbaijan area. Annual irrigation water consumption is esteemed 13-14 cu. km. The Kur river source consists of 36 % seasonal snowmelt, 30 % groundwater, 20% rainfall, and 14 % from constant snow and glacial meltwater. In May and June, flow in the Kur river represents 60 to 70 % of the total annual flow. In the dry summer period (July to September) the river carries large xxiii Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary amounts of sediment, conveying on average about 18.5 million tones of sediment into the Caspian Sea each year. The average annual discharge of the Kur where it joins the Araz is 563 cum/s, after which there are no more Kur tributaries until it discharges into the Caspian. 72.73% of its total water resources are formed in neighboring countries, and only 27.27% is generated in Azerbaijan. Between 1970 and 1980 the “Complex Use and Protection Scheme of Kur River Basin Water Resources” was developed through the participation of 32 project and scientific-research institutes in the South Caucasus countries (Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia) under the direction of the “Az State Water Farm Project” Development Unit. However, this scheme was not agreed between all of the South Caucasus countries, and therefore the USSR Amelioration and Irrigation Ministry (the authority at that time) did not approve the scheme. Muddy sands in the Lower Kur river deposited as soon as the coast areas protected from the water flow. In the composition of silty-sandy soil, occasionally there are the remains of plants. Bandwidth silty sands ranged from 3.8 to 3.0 m. The Kur river contains chemical and organic compounds in concentrations which exceed the Maximum Permissible Concentration (MPC). The basin of the river also occupy large parts of Georgia, Armenia, and Turkey. Contamination from the large Georgian cities of Tbilisi and Rustavi means that when the Kur crosses Azerbaijan’s borders it is already contaminated (including a five day biological oxygen demand (BOD5) of 3.7 mg/l, 0.15 mg/l of oil products, and 0.03 mg/l of phenol). Within Azerbaijan, the Kur becomes enriched with agricultural contaminants, from industrial, cattle breeding, and poultry farm run-off. In some places, the BOD5 increases to 4.1 mg/l, oil products to 0.24-0.30 mg/l, and phenol to 0.04-0.08 mg/l. Poorly developed sewage systems in Azerbaijan and Georgia mean that polluted run-off is discharged by tributaries into the Kur, making them constant sources of contamination of the river water. The river’s water is being tested since 2004 routinely by AWM OJSC with the samples taken from 26 water quality stations. According to the test results obtained from the stations in Kurdamir – Mollakand and Zardab-Bichakchi, the total mineralization of river’s water varies between 514.40 and 941.19 mg/l. BOD5 levels varies between 1 mg/l and 3.64 mg/l, and COD levels between 3,20 mg/l and 12 mg/l at the same points. However, the test results show that the river’s water does not contain high heavy metal concentrations in respect of Fe, Cu, and Zn. Girdimanchay River Girdimanchay is sourced from the south declivities of Babadag mountain (2900 masl) of Great Caucasus range. The river runs about 30-35 km below Aghsu town. It junks with Aghsu river by artificial channel to enable flow into Kur river. The total area of its basin is 727 square km. The basin is covered by 64 square km woodland. The length of the river is approximately 50 km, and it is fed mostly by storm water (90 – 95 %). The average inclination of river is 32 percent, and the density of river network is 0,48 km per square km. The water regime of the river is characterized by overflow in spring and floods in autumn. Flood flows are a frequent occasion in Girdimanchay river. The spring overflow covers March-May months. The dry seasons are July and August. Autumn floods usually take place in September – October. Winter water shortages are observed during November – February. The river belongs to the group of rivers, flowing at full under the influence of snow and rainfalls in spring and autumn. In accordance with data obtained from Rayon Irrigation Department, belongs to average perennial water flow between 1966 and 1987 is 6 cum/s. Flow accounts for 66 kg/s, its capacity 2,1 million ton. The chemical content of water is characterized by rich sulphate. Girdimanchay river surface water at the intersection of Agsu – Qazakh road is periodically tested by xxiv Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan since 2004. The test results obtained at this level can be patterned for assessments in respect of the regional similarities. The analysis performed on the Girdimanchay water show that the BOD5 levels vary between the 0.8 mg/l and 4.22 mg/l, and COD levels vary between 3.6 mg/l and 8.86 mg/l. The average mineralization levels can raise up to 812 mg/l. The river’s surface water contains no heavy metal concentrations. However, sulphate content is varies between 105 and 889 mg/l. Upper Shirvan Canal It has been operated since 1958. it takes water from Mingechevir reservoir and sends it to the Shirvan plain on the Kur left bank. Discharge capacity is 78 cum/s, length 123 km, and it provides irrigation for 112,000 hectares of land. The irrigation water unit consumption of cum/s/ha is 0.78 in Shirvan lowland. However, only a 3.7 km section of this canal travels in the northeasternmost of the rayon area nearby Boyuk Kangarli village. The Canal’s water is being tested since 2004 routinely by AWM OJSC with the samples taken from 6 water quality stations. According to the test results obtained from the stations in Kurdamir – Agsu road level and Ujar – Garabeyli road level, the total mineralization of canal’s water varies between 448.15 and 512.28 mg/l. BOD5 levels varies between 0.50 mg/l and 5 mg/l, and COD levels between 2.48 mg/l and 9 mg/l at the same points. However, the test results show that the river’s water does not contain high heavy metal concentrations in respect of Fe, Cu, and Zn. Bash Shirvan Collector Its reconstruction works were completed in 1994. Original operations started in 1964, over 211 km and a discharge of 37 cum/s. Following reconstruction, the discharge was increased up to 65 cum/s, and normal discharge out to the Caspian Sea was assured. However, only a 47.6 km section of this collector travels in the rayon area north-westernly and south- easternly. Preferred Raw Water Source and Catchment The sub-surface lateral water abstraction (from the area of existing HIGD on the course of the flood plain of Girdimanchay river nearby Kulullu village in Agsu rayon ) has been selected and assessed for raw water capture by the Feasibility study team in consultation with the AWM OJSC and relevant Public Utility Departments of the rayon. The Feasibility Consultant and Beneficiary (AWM OJSC) envisage the re-construction of the existing HIGD structures. According to the Feasibility Consultant, the reconstruction of these structures will include the construction of the new horizontal collector and collection wells in the same site as the old one. A water sampling campaign conducted by the Feasibility Consultant with the the HIGD’s infiltrated water samples has been completed in March 10, 2011. According to the test results performed on the samples, no exceedance of the heavy metal concentrations, such as copper, lead, iron, manganese, mercury, arsenic, aluminium, cadmium, etc. occur in the Girdimanchay river sub-surface lateral water samples. See Annex-3. The pH value of the sample is 7.41. No increase is noticed in the pH which can result from the dissolution of limestone grounds. According to the potability standards of natural water (7.2 – 7.6), the pH value of the samples is not alkaline in nature. According to test results, the color of the samples is <5, and turbidity is <1. TSS value is <1 in the Girdimanchay sub-surface lateral water. The measured value of mg CaCO3/l in the samples is 438, and it corresponds to the “ very hard” class water. Appropriate hardness for drinking water is 75-100 mg CaCO3/l. The sample tested has the value (0.0096 mg/l) of Iron, and (<0.0003 mg/l) of Manganese that these values are below the standards prescribed by Gost and EU 98. xxv Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary The sample tested has the value of Nitrite (0.0010), Nitrate (4.5), and Sulphate (286). Detected Nitrite and Nitrate values of the samples are well below the prescribed standards by Gost, EU 98, and WHO. Although, detected value of Sulphate in the raw water is below the prescribed standards by Gost and WHO, it is quite high according to the limit prescribed by EU 98. The high sulphate content in water causes the corrosion in the network. This issue should be taken into account when the treatment train is designed. Detected value of Chloride in the Girdimanchay river lateral water is 9.5 mg/l, and this value well below the standards prescribed by the relevant standards, and therefore, no impact exists on the desirability of water. The most distinctive indicator of the fecal originated pollution is existence of the Escherichia Coli in the raw water. Coliform test is carried out for investigation of the Escherichia Coli which is found in large intestine of the humans and other mammals proves existence of the whole aerobic gram- positive and nonsporing bacillus, including the ones originated from different originated and even out of fecal sources. Numbers of colony per each ml at 22OC temperature is counted as 10, and as 7 at 36OC temperature. Number of Enterococi per each 250 ml is 10, and Escheria coli per each 250 ml is 0 in the raw water. Number of Coliform Pathogenes per each 100 ml is 6, and Clostridium Perfiringens per each 100 ml is 0. The above results show that the Girdimanchay sub-surface lateral water is contaminated by the Enterococs and other microbial indicators because of grazing activities in the region. Water Balance of the Proposed Catchment There is an existing Horizontal Infiltration Gallery Diversion (HIGD) Unit in the proposed catchment area, supplying the drinkable water to the city. The existing HIGDU was constructed in 1953, and is currently in use. The existing HIGD collects the sub-surface lateral water from the alluvial deposits of the aquifer beneath the flow plain of the river. The usable groundwater for the proposed Project is in this unconfined aquifer above the relatively water-resisting underlying deposits, and approximately 2000 - 2500 m in width. Sub-surface lateral water is typically ignored and grossly misinterpreted in the interpretation of the water balance. It is common to evaluate the groundwater gradients in the aquifer above the clay zone and find that water moved from upslope water districts into the district area evaluated. Similarly, water will exit the boundary of the district area and travel to the next downstream district. The rayon SuKanal Department reports that the flow rates of this HIGD are routinely measured on the outlet of its collection well. Average Daily raw water expolitation capacity of this facility is approximately 175 l/s. However, water wastage and leakages from the collection well and tranmission main are huge due to old and dispersed connections of the components of the facility. See Annex-3, Table-2. Although the measured daily water exploitation capacity of the existing HIGD is agreed approximately 175 l/s, obtaining this volume of raw water has not been possible according to past experience. In addition, their collection wells suffer extensive leakages due to their obsolete and dilapidated structures, and therefore, none of them can provide the sufficient raw water according to their engineered capacities. The present Daily average amount of the raw water exploited from existing HIGD is approximately 176.40 l/s according to the above measurement results. Kurdamir city’s daily raw water demand, including the villages to be concluded to the water supply scheme, is approximately 139.81 l/s. Hourly peak demand, water loss during the cleaning cycle, xxvi Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary wastages and leakages are concluded to this volume, see Chapter 2, Table 2,6 and 2,7. Since the new HIGD with similar size to the old one will be constructed in the same site, this operation will disturb neither the river’s ecological environment nor natural flow of the river in the long run. The National Drinking Water Quality Standards of Azerbaijan will be used as drinking water quality standards for this project. However, the treated water should comply with the EU Directive 98/83/EC, and the parameters is given in Annex-3. Soil Characteristics within the Project Corridor Soil formation is affected by the different levels of solutions in most part of Shirvan lowland. The dry climate sucks moisture containing dissolved salt out of the ground. The soils of these semi-deserts, therefore, are strongly salted and also lack humus because there is a lack of decomposing vegetation. Grey earth is the predominant type of soil formation, ash grey in colour. Nevertheless, some of these kinds of whitish soil are fertile, since the great number of insoluble minerals are suitable for use in irrigation. However, the great part of the Shirvan plain was covered by grey lands. Chestnut lands cover the foothill part of this area. There are a number of half-types, kinds and half-kinds of such lands inside the having mentioned land zones. Crusty lawn, lawn-grey, light lawn-grey, brown and other soil types are defined in the grey land zone of the Shirvan plain (H.A.Aliyev, V.R.Volobuyev, 1953). These land types differ from each other sharply. Crusty lawn soils were formed on prolluvial-alluvial drifts. Usually, the upper layer of crusty lawn soils is rich with organic substances. The amount of humidity in this layer sometimes goes beyond 4 %. The amount of carbonate in soil profile contains 4-5 %. Calcium and magnesium cations in the absorbed complex compose priority (M. R. Abduyev, 2006). According to forming condition and morphological structure, the saline lands of the Shirvan plain are divided into five groups; 1. Soft (salient) salty soils. 2. Lawn-salty soils. 3. Crusty salty soils. 4. Saline – Saline Soils 5. Swamp Soils As the standards and guidelines for the maximum allowable concentrations (mg/kg) of the heavy metals and other pollutants in the soil, National Quality Criteria for Soils and National allowable heavy metal concentration standards will be used for the proposed Project. Ambient Air Quality The annual and daily limit values given in the Council Directive 1999/30/EC for the Particulate Matter and the limit values given in the National Ambient Air Quality Standards of Azerbaijan will be used for PM10, SO2, CO, NO2, and Lead on the Project. However, there is no criteria for PM10, PM2.5, TSP, Tresholds for nuisance impacts of fugitive dust and odor, and dust deposition levels in the National Ambiet Air Quality Standard of Azerbaijan. Applicable other international quality criteria for these pollutants and a summary Project Air Quality Criteria are given in Chapter 3.5.1 for the Project. General confirmity for total NOx and VOC emission to be discharged to the atmospher by the group of construction machinaries of the Contractor, is calculated, including employee vehicles, see Chapter 6.2.4. The analysis is performed as a worse case scenario. Total direct and indirect emission from the proposed Project/action are estimated at less than 100 tons for Ozone, and are below the conformity treshold value established at US Clean Air Act, 40 CFR 93.153(b) of 100 tons/year of Ozone. xxvii Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary Air and Noise Sensitive Receivers The domestic premises, hotel, hostel, hospital, clinic, nursery, school, educational institution, office, factory, shop, shopping centre, place of public worship, library, court of law, sports stadium or performing arts centre are considered to be an Air and Noise Sensitive Receiver (ANSR). There is no domestic premises, hotel, hostel, hospital, clinic, nursery, school, educational institution, office, factory, shop, shopping centre, place of public worship, and cultural and historical heritage is considered to be an Air and Noise Sensitive Receiver (ANSR) in the Corridor of Impact 2 (CoI 2). The locations included residences, schools, and hospitals in the urbanized areas, situated at a distance between 0 m and 90 m from the edge of the embankments of the trenches. Noise According to State Ecological Expertise, SEE, 1996, the National Maximum Allowable Noise Levels as indoor criteria will be used in this Project. As there is no National specific range of outdoor (outdoor wall) noise level threshold criteria, the requirements of the United States Quiet Communities Act of 1978 have been patterned for the margin of sound power levels for this Project. This Act has established the criteria of 70 dbA equivalent steady state for residential areas, schools, parks, hospitals, and 75 dbA for other sensitive receptors and for commercial land use. Additionaly three simulations are prepared using the data for combined construction noise levels, to illustrate the impacts of noise sources in the vicinity of the noise sensitive receivers, see Chapter 6.2.5. Ecological Resources Vast areas of the Shirvan lowland and plains along the Kur river are covered with semi-desert of wormwood and Russian thistle while in the lowermost salinized sands and in the humid solonchaks the desert of small bushes is observed. The soil in oases shows long agricultural activity. Such areas benefited from artificial irrigation (although there has been some poor irrigation and secondary salt contamination). They were subsequently enriched with fertilizers and became an important element of the agricultural landscape long ago. A separate biological investigation in and nearby the Project corridor has been conducted by two Local NGOs’ experts (Ilyas Babayev, the Chairman of the Protection and Ecology of Birds Society, Local NGO, and Sujaadin Guliyev, Dr. on Biology) specific for the Project. According to result of this investigation, no endemic species, including aquatic and terrestrial, have been identified in or nearby the Project corridor. Landscape Characteristics Semi-desert areas of the Shirvan plain have poor vegetative cover and a very limited amount of precipitation. Unused lands occupy more areas especially in the eastern part of the plain. The lack of widely outspread irrigation network and increasing the salinity are the main reasons of unusing the lands for cultivation. In the lower parts of debris-cones of Agsu river wormwood-grass and shrubs (Halastagus and Tamarisks) have developed on gray-meadow and pit-lands of flat, wavy-hilled plains along Arabkhanli, Guzlar, and Gochulu. Ephemer-saline semi-desert landscapes on the flat and bloc plains are widely observed on Muradkhanli, Pirili and Arshali villages. Wormwood, wormwood-ephemer, and semi-desert landscapes are predominant on alluvial-proluvial and deluvial plains on gray, gray-meadow saline lands around Kurdemir, Khimisli, Karlar and Sighirli xxviii Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary settlements. In the slopes of Girdmanchay river debris-cones, in the west of the area on low hummus gray- meadow and average hummus meadow-gray soils – semi-desert landscape with shrub-meadow- saline plants has expanded. Such landscapes are also observed along Kur River banks on the lowland plain areas including areas around Soyudlar, Garamahmudlu and Arabkhanli villages. The predominant type of landscape in the foots of debris-cones are meadow and swamp plants on meadow-gray and meadow-swamp soils spread in the form of narrow strips, old river beds and marshy (boggy) plains (Garassu). However, there is no forest zone and/or forest blades in the rayon area. High Mountain Ecosystems There is no high mountain ecosystem area in the rayon area. Dry Mountain Shrubland Ecosystems There is no dry mountain shrubland section within the rayon area. Steppe Ecosystem Formerly widespread throughout the entire Southern Caucasus region, only fragments of steppe communities remain in Azerbaijan today. With a share of almost 60 % of the country’s cultivated territory, most of the former lowland and foothill steppes were turned over to the production of cotton, vines, grain, vegetables and fruit trees. The increased intensity of grazing – steppe regions are traditional winter pastures has contributed to the reduction or alteration of the natural steppe habitats. Former patches of steppe have taken on the character of semi-deserts, as their soil quality and species composition have been extensively modified. Originally, steppes predominantly occurred between the wormwood and saltwort semi-deserts of the lowlands and as forest steppes in the mountains. Today, highly arable regions, especially the foothills along the Greater Caucasus, bear witness to the productivity and soil quality of these former steppe habitats. Interspersed with semi-desert, semi-arid open woodland and thicket communities, the remaining patches of steppe are characterized by species of feather grass (Stipa spp.), Plains Blue-stern (Bothriochloa spp.), Festuca (Festuca spp.), thorny shrubs such as Christ’s Thorn (Paliurus spina- christii), and several important wild relatives of domestic fruit trees. However, no parts of the Project corridor fall into the Steppe Eco-system area. . Semi-Dessert Ecosystem Similar to the steppe regions, the semi-deserts also undergo tremendous changes. Mainly distributed within the Kur - Araz lowlands (Shirvan, East Shirvan, Kur – Araz and Mil – Mughan lowlands), most semi-deserts fell victim to agricultural development, irrigation and intensified grazing within the past decades. The two dominating formations are wormwood semi-desert dominated by Artemisia fragrans and saltwort semi-desert with various chenopodiaceous species (e.g. Salsola dendroides, Salsola ericoides, Suaeda dendroides or Salicornia europea). Depending on the level of soil salinity, a gradient can be established for the semi-deserts. Tree-like saltwort (Salsola dendroides) is a common sight throughout the region, growing on slightly saline soils at roadsides and in disturbed areas. The vegetation changes with rising elevation from semideserts with salt shrubs to semi-deserts and steppes with wormwood to grass steppes at higher altitudes. In the rain shadow of hill ridges, it is xxix Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary generally more desert-like than in the surrounding area. Salt Semi-desert Vegetation At altitudes up to 150 masl and on salt-rich lava streams, salt semi-deserts are common. Few shrubs such as Kalidium caspicum and Halocnemum strobilaceum and the dwarf-shrub Suaeda microphylla characterize the landscape. They are accompanied by salt-tolerant annuals. The first herbs to populate volcanic soils are Petrosimonia brachiata and Lepidium perfoliatum. Artemisia fragrans Semi-desert Vegetation This vegetation type is dominated by Artemisia fragrans, Salsola gemmascens and Plantago ovata. They are accompanied by ephemerals like Bromus rubens, Medicago minima and Filago germanica, and only few perennials. In a range within 50 to 100 m around the stables, the original vegetation generally disappeared completely. Especially in places with rain water accumulation, a thistle community dominated by Sylibum marianum and Carduus pycnocephalus develops in spring. The thistles are despised even by donkeys. During summer, no livestock is around the stables. When the thistles dry out at the end of May, ephemeral Chenopodiaceae can grow undisturbed (Chenopodium ficifolium, Atriplex tatarica, Petrosimonia brachiata, Salsola crassa). The Project corridor falls entirely into the Salt Semi-desert Vegetation and partly Artemisia fragrans Semi-desert Vegetation zone. River Valleys and Wetlands Waterlands and riverine ecosystem in the region track with wide strips along the main rivers (Girdimanchay, Agsuchay and Kur rivers) and their branches at the northern part of Shirvan lowland and both sides of Kur river. The vegetation here mainly depends on groundwater. Tamarisks (Tamarix ramosissima, T. tetragyna), Lycium ruthenicum and Nitraria sibirica form the so-called Tugay scrubland. All of them germinate only on river banks and are salt-adapted. Lots of annuals, Chenopodium album, Silybum marianum and different species of Fabaceae, grow between the shrubs after flooding. At the bottom of the banks, clay is accumulated and stores water. This allows taller herbs such as Lepidium draba and Rhapistrum rugosum or the grasses Phalaris canariensis and Andropogon ischaemum to form dense meadows. 3 km of Project corridor section along the raw water transmission main and new HIGD in the southern part of Kulullu valley travel on the Girdimanchay flood plain. These sections of the Project corridor refer to the area of land adjacent to a water body, and are are accepted as the riparian buffer corridors. Water Marshy Plants Reeds Phragmites australis, Mentha sp, Potamogeton sp, Myriophyllum sp. and Ranunculus sp. quickly grow in the sludgy ponds and seasonal river beds. Plants growing on the shores – trees and shrubs, such as Tamariaks sp, Rubus sp, Populus sp, Salix sp, oleaster Eleagnus angustifolia, pomegranate Punica granatum, and also marshy species: lesser reedmace Thypha angustifolia, reeds Phragmites australis, bindweed Polygonum lapathifolium and galingale Cyperus longus. Characteristic river species Tamarisks ramosissima, Rubus sanguineus, Atriplex tatarica, Alhagi pseudoalhagi and others are found on the banks of Kur river in associations with the southern reeds. xxx Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary Cultivated Garden Plants 2150 hectares of agricultural lots surrounding Project Corridor between Kullulu village and Kurdamir city fall into the corridor of impact 2 (CO 2). No parts of the cultivated lands fall into the corridor of impact 1 (COI 1) along the Project corridor. Terrestrial Fauna and Birds within the Project Corridor Terrestrial Fauna 28 species of mammals have been recorded in Shirvan plain, 4 of which are listed in annex II and 12 in the annex IV of the directive 92/43/EEC. The Azerbaijan Red Book includes 2 species and the IUCN list one. The mammals are dominated by several species of rodents, with Meriones lybicus, Allactaga elater and Microtus socialis the most common. Also, bats are diverse with ten species. Another typical inhabitant of the semi-desert region is Hemiechinus auritus. However, all the same number in the mammal fauna is dominated by rodents. Of the remaining species is relatively common to see brown hare, whiskered bat, pipistrelle bat, and Kuhl's pipistrelle. Common large carnivores include Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) and Golden Jackal (Canis aureus), and Wolves (C. lupus) also occur here regularly. Of the carnivore species at all possible to meet the fox, the appearance of the wolf is more prevalent in winter season, when flocks of sheep descend from the mountains for the winter. In 2007, Goitred Gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa) were recorded several times in the area. They migrate from Shirvan National Park and would probably inhabit the whole region if not for the strong poaching pressure. Locals hunt especially for hares that they regularly shoot small numbers of gazelles. All animal species indicated in Annex-5, have a fixed mode of life in Kur – Araz lowlands. The breeding season of the most terrestrial habitats is from May to July in the region. No endemic species occur within the Project corridor. Birds About 110 wild bird species have been recorded in the region, 36 of them are listed in the annex I of the directive 79/409/EEC and 9 by the IUCN (4 NT, 3 VU, 2 EN). 9 species are included in the Azerbaijan Red Data Book and 53 are of special European conservation concern (7 x SPEC 1, 12 x SPEC 2, and 34 x SPEC 3). The avifauna of Shirvan lowland represents the typical breeding bird communities of the lowland semi-desert of Transcaucasia and dry steppes of the foothills of the southern Greater Caucasus. Typical species in the open plains are larks, Isabelline Wheatear, Black-bellied Sandgrouse and Stone Curlew. The hills with loam cliffs are inhabited by Finsch’s Wheatear, Rock Nuthatch, Rock Sparrow and Chukar. The few rock outcrops provide breeding sites for Redbilled Chough, Long- legged Buzzard, Lesser Kestrel (VU), Griffon and Egyptian Vulture (EN). Also, a brood of Lanner Falcon was recently rediscovered after 50 years without a record, and this is probably the only nesting place of this species in Azerbaijan. During migration and in wintertime many more species occur in the area. Larks and Meadow Pipits are very abundant passerines, and flocks of Little Bustard forage in the wide plains, sometime together with geese, among which a Red-breasted Goose (VU) has been observed. Among the birds, White Pelican living in the area of the proposed project corridor are included into the Red Book of Azerbaijan, and Little Bustard is included into the Red List of International Nature Protection. These species are occasionally encountered in the project area for feeding. No migration path of the avian and terrestrial species gets across the project corridor. See Annex-5. The breeding season for most bird species is from September to December and April to July. xxxi Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary Specifically for the migrating birds, this season is from the end of March to the end of June. The levels of disturbance along the RoW should be decreased with the mitigation measures. Aquatic Species, Fish and Fisheries Two species of amphibians and 20 reptiles have been recorded in the region. One of them is listed in annex II and 8 in annex IV of the directive 92/43/EEC. Testudo greaca is the only species included in the Azerbaijan and IUCN Red Data Book. Among the reptiles, on the investigated Kur river shores are relatively common only European pond terrapin, spur-thighed tortoise, gecko Caucasian agama, European glass lizard, Lacerta strigata, and water snake. In the area of research, they can be found in the Kur River, and in the canals. However, they breed only on the ground, laying eggs in the sand. All reptiles live and breed on the ground. All species are typical for the Azerbaijan semi-desert lowland. The breeding season for most amphibians is winter period from the end of the December to the end of the February with the exact date depending on local climatic conditions (Nyman, 1991). Aquatic flora very poorly developed in the Kur river, due to the turbidity of water, strong stream, the composition of soil and poverty biogenetic elements. In the Lower Kur phytoplankton algae found only at the dam of Mingechevir reservoir and near Sabirabad settlement. On the sandy soil of the Lower Kur in places with weak currents vegetate the filamentous algae Spirogyra and Zygnema. There are reeds, rush and macereed in its both banks. By now 83 species and forms of benthic invertebrates were found in the Lower Kur river. The benthos of the Lower Kur first place occupied by the species composition of larvae tendipedid, which constituted 27.7 % of the fauna. There are five species of Caspian crustaceans in Lower Kur river, of which crawfish Astacus leptodactylus is found throughout in this stction of the river, Paramysis kowalewskyi distributed from the mouth of the river to the Kurdemir district, Pontogammarus robustoides and P. sarsi - to Yevlax and Dikerogammarus haemobaphes - to the place of confluence of the Araz river with Kur river. Lithorheophile, argilloreofilny and phytorheofilic biocenoses cover small areas of the Kur and their role in the overall productivity of the river is negligible. The density of the benthic fauna ranges from 40 to 260 specimen/square meter at biomass 0.24-1.07 g/square meter. The most productive psammo-rheophilic biocenose is from Zardab to Shirvan city. Minimum rates of biomass are marked by the Salyan-mouth of the Kur river. Pelo-rheophilic biocenose forms primarily from the larvae of oligochaetes and tendipedides. Some role in this biocoenosis also play larvae of dragonflies, mayflies and Ponto-Caspian crustaceans. Argillorheophilic biocenose covers the steep banks of the Lower Kur river. This biocenose consists of only 2 species: Palingenia longicauda and P. fuliginosa. Of these, P. fuliginosa in the Lower Kur has a magnificent development and lives only in special holes and precipitous shores. Lithorheophile biocenose formed on the stony ground, and partly on the flooded trees and bushes. Common toad (buto bufo) commenly occurs in or nearby the Project corridor. Fish and Fisheries Ichthyofauna of the Lower Kur river contains 43 species and subspecies, which belong to 11 families. A comprehensive list of ichthyofauna of the river is given in Annex-5. Three species of Cyclostomata and fishes - Caspian lamprey (Caspiomyzon wagneri), white-eyed bream (Abramis sapa), and sabrefish (Pelecus cultratus) are included into the Azerbaijan Red Book. Beluga (Huso huso), ship sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris), Persian sturgeon (A. gueldenstedti persicus), stellate sturgeon (A. stellatus), and sabrefish (Pelecus cultratus) are included in the Red List of World Conservation Union (IUCN). Some of these fishes, such as beluga, ship sturgeon, Persian sturgeon, Kur stellate sturgeon, Caspian salmon, pike, Kur roach, Black Sea roach, rudd, Caspian asp, tench, chanari barbell, Caspian barbell, Danubian bleak, silver bream, Caspian bream, zahrte, common carp, grass carp, xxxii Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary white bighead, catfish, zander, perch are of commercial importance. All fishes, which have no commercial value, are non-migratory. Caspian lamprey and some commercial fishes, such as acipenserids (sturgeons), Caspian salmon, Black Sea roach, Caspian barbell, Caspian bream, and zahrte are migratory, they go to the river only to spawn. Kura roach, catfish, zander, and common carp have both non-migratory and migratory populations. However, the section of the Kur river, which lies along the southern border of the rayon, not a major area for spawning of the most valuable commercial fishes, like acipenserids or salmon. Commercial resources of these fishes are supported largely by hatcheries. The upstream of Girdimanchay and Agsuchay rivers is not rich in fish species. Only, the brown trout (saloma fario) occurs in the upstream of rivers. However, no parts of these rivers fall into the rayon area or Project corridor. No information is obtained on the DO levels in Girdimanchay and Agsuchay rivers during the EIA performance period from AWM OJSC or other institutions. Adequate oxygen levels are necessary to provide for aerobic life forms which carry on natural stream purification processes. The aquatic life is put under stress if dissolved oxygen levels in water drop below 5.0 mg/l. Endangered species Most of the plant species are common and widespread; none of them are listed in the IUCN Red List or are endangered in Azerbaijan. Two Transcaucasian endemic species, Ophrys caucasica and Linaria schirvanica, grow in the grassslands of Shirvan lowland. Nevertheless, the habitat diversity, the species composition and the traditional land use scheme (winter pasturing) need to be protected on a larger scale. The Shirvan lowland is surely one of the natural highlights of Azerbaijan. The region is large enough that Goitred Gazelles would have the chance to live here alongside the high numbers of sheep. Therefore, awareness among the local population needs to be developed to stop all hunting activities targeting this species. Remains of tugai forests or groups of trees on the Kur river aluvium are alternated with shrubs, often with dominating tamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima) and areas with secondary chalmeadow plants. Forest is heavily cut down and damaged by grazing. Besides, due to recession of water level trees in tugai forests along the shores of Kur river are disappearing. Other species of conservation concern that regularly visit the site are Pallid Harrier (NT), Steppe Eagle, Saker Falcon (EN) and Black Stork. The most threatened species in the region is the Sociable Lapwing (CR), which has a traditional resting place here. In March and April 2006 and 2007, several flocks of up to 180 birds have been recorded. This clearly shows the immense importance of the region for the protection of this critically endangered species. Threats for the birds are hunting (for Chukars, geese and Little Bustards) and habitat destruction through intensive grazing. Nature Protection and Protected Areas There is no National Park, wildlife sanctuaries and/or game reserve areas in the rayon area. Cultural and Historical Environment Four internationally archeological, and one nationally important cultural heritage site exists in the rayon area. Buyak and Shalakon (nearby Sigirli village), Garatepe and Shehergah ancient settlements (III and VIII Centuries) are internationally important archeological sites in the rayon area. Nationally important historical heritages are densed in and nearby the Arabgubali village. Tomb- Xalife (XIX century) and Mosque-Xalife (XIX Century) are located in this village. See Exhibit 3,6. However, no historical and archeological heritage sites exist in the city’s settled area. Only, five xxxiii Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary architectural memorials (Monument to Mother, Memorial for World War II, January 20 monumental memorial, Bust of Memish Abdullayev, Alley of Martyrs and H. Aliyev Sculpture in H. Aliyev square) exist in the city. Lands to be developed for the Project The land proposed for the permanent development of Water Supply and Sanitation Project for Kurdamir city covers an area of approximately 1400 ha, largely comprising the mainly settled area of the city. Other lands may be required for construction of raw water cachment, pipelines from the catchment to the service area, water treatment facility and wastewater treatment facility, and access or potential ancillary developments. All required lands for the Project components are owned by the Rayon Executive Power (REP) of Kurdamir of Government of Azerbaijan, and the required lands will be allocated by REP of rayon for the Project prior to commence of the Design and Build bidding process. The proposed activities include the construction of additional access roads for the entry of water and wastewater plants, and involve earthworks, drainage provision, and intersection remodeling. Resettlement Issues There is to be no permanent land acquisition under construction works will be confined within the existing Right of Ways (RoW) of the Government of Azerbaijan. Any potential resettlement issues and issues related to loss of access to farm land should be handled in accordance with the provisions of the Resettlement Policy Framework. Other required lands for the Project components are owned by the Rayon Executive Power (REP) of Kurdamir Rayon of Government of Azerbaijan. The required lands will be allocated by REPs of Kurdamir Rayon for the Project prior to commence of the Design and Build bidding process. These lands are currently empty and not in use for any purpose. Project Affected People There are no project affected people in or nearby the project corridor. All components of the project will be located on the public easements. All project activities inside the settlements will be confined with the public rights of ways and streets’ width. During the field surveys, no-squatters, no-shops, no- kiosks, thatched, and mobile vendors established within the RoW were found with the permission and/or protection of village notables and local administration. Construction Camp, Acquiring and/or Mining the Aggregates, Solid Material for Backfill and Water Requirements for Construction The construction contractor camp(s) will be temporarily established for the construction period, and land will be leased for setting up campsites and for acquiring earth fill. The earth and water required for construction are available in Kurdamir rayon. The aggregate material required is mined from specified existing quarries. The materials to be used for the construction include coarse aggregates, fine aggregates (sand), earth, water, asphalt and cement. Almost all these raw materials are locally available in Aran Economic region and surrounding the rayon centre. The earth and water required for construction are available in Kurdamir rayon. Coarse aggregates and fine aggregates (sand) are available in Kurdamir in and around the Project corridor. The Design and Build contractor shall transport the required aggregate from the licenced crusher plant and and/or mining areas earmarked by the AWM OJSC and/or the relevant department of Rayon Executive Power. All required permits and approvals shall provide by AWM OJSC and Rayon Executive Power for providing the aggregate material needed. xxxiv Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary The canal water is available in the rayon. The contractor will obtain permission from AWM OJSC and/or the irrigation department of the Rayon for acquiring surface water from the canals and/or groundwater from the sub-artesian well, if required. All surface water diversion structures and/or sub-artesian well construction will be restored or hand over to the rayon irrigation department according to directions of AWM OJSC and/or Rayon Executive Power after the completion of the Project by the contractor. Major Environmental Concerns: - Regular Wasting of Water Distributed in the location area of the Kurdamir city The wasting the water is basically caused by,  The public taps among the districts in the settlements are old, and they are obsolote at somewhere. The joining parts and distribution mains, which convey the water have the leaks and are correded. Almost two to three of the water distributed goes to waste.  There are few water meters connected to some houses and institutions with their own interest to get them measured and invoiced by real data. - Ground Water and Surface Water Quality: The water quality is basically affected by;  Lack of sanitation measures in Kurdamir city and discharging the waste water without treatment to natural environment is a threat for groundwater and surface water quality of Kurdamir city and surrounding area.  Local contamination of the shallow sub-surface has been observed; by organic and mineral fertilizers in irrigated areas and in land adjacent to mineral fertilizers storehouses; and by various chemical elements and compounds within some industrial plants.  Saline contamination of groundwater occurs where the resource is at shallow depth (<1.5 meters) in the lowland.  Salty subsurface water have no practical use and contain a whole range of chemical elements and compounds. - Public Health: The public health risks are basically caused by;  The risk of infection greatly depends on availability an reliability of public water supply (see site survey photos).  Existing water supply is provided the cycle of disease transfer to human community.  There is no disinfection facility in the existing water supply system.  There is no WTP and WWTP adequately designed and extended to cover the entire service area in accordance with the requirements of the modern engineering practices. xxxv Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary 5. Legislative Requirements The following institutions and Ministries will be involved to the Project in accordance with the current legislations and regulations of Azerbaijan, and those are; Table 5,1; Principle Environmental Institutions / Ministries in Azerbaijan INSTITUTIONS / MINISTRIES Name Leading Exercise 1 MENR, This ministry upholds all natural resource protection laws. The State Ministry of Ecology and Natural Ecological Expertise (SEE) acts within this agency on the Program level in reviewing Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs). Resou ces 2 MoH, Sanitary and hygienic safety is the responsibility of the Ministry of Health. Its main function is the implementation of control over meeting Ministry of Health the sanitary and epidemiological rules and standards as well as hygienic standards. This entity implements anti-epidemiological measures throughout Azerbaijan by legal and physical persons through application of laboratory and sampling controls. 3 MES, This agency implements construction safety supervision and standards. Ministry of Emergency Situation 4 State Urban Development and The Committee has authority to conduct studies on population distribution, on planning the usage of nature regional, on general Architecture Committee plans and detailed planning of inhabitant areas, etc. 5 Tariff Council of Republic of Tariff Council acts under Azerbaijan Republic Economic Development Ministry, and he responsible for definition of tariffs, service fees which Azerbaijan are applied in nationwide. 6 AWM OJSC He is a stock company which provides State services for amelioration and water farm, and stocks of which belong to the State. The Amelioration and Water Company’s activities focus on irrigation, for which it sets water-use Management Open Joint Stock norms and handles user relations. . In addition, it is in charge of land Company of Azerbaijan improvement on irrigated land, and the operation and maintenance of the irrigation infrastructure. 7 Azersu OJSC, Joint SuKanal The AzerSu OJSC’s main water supply activities in rural areas are comprised of establishment of policies, project planning, and LLC, and Rayon SuKanal functioning as an intermediary between central government and Departments (RSKD) international donor organizations. However, AzerSu OJSC has its own potential to plan projects in cooperation with Joint SuKanal Limited Liability Company (LLC) and Rayon SuKanal Departments (RSKDs). The most pertinent environmental laws and regulations to be applied for this Project are explained below: LAWS AND REGULATIONS MOST PERTINENT ASPECT 1 Law on Environmental Protection, This Law establishes the main environmental protection principles, and the rights and obligations of the State, public associations and citizens 199 regarding environmental protection. According to Article 54.2 of the Law, EIA is subject to SEE. This also explains that the MENR is responsible for the review and approval of EIA reports submitted by developers. Furthermore, in Articles 81 and 82 of the Law on Environmental Protection (1999), the Law specifically provides for the application of international agreements in case of an international institute or body has provisions that are different from those of the Azerbaijani legislation. xxxvi Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary 2 State Ecological Expertise, SEE, The State Ecological Expertise (SEE) mandates an EIA for infrastructure development projects. The objective of the SEE is to identify impacts on 1996 the environment caused by construction projects, examine the results of such impacts and propose mitigation measures to prevent adverse effects on the natural environment and people’s health. It is essentially a stand-alone check of compliance of the proposed activity with the relevant environmental standards (e.g. for pollution levels, discharges, and noise). 3 The Law on Safety - Sanitary State, The Law on Safety – Sanitary State is GOST 17.1.3.07-82. This law serves as a basis for drinking water quality standards and mandatory 1992 implementation of sanitary-hygienic expertise regarding chemical and biological standards for water quality. Similarly, noise standards are described in GOST 12.1.003-83. However, the GOST does not specify regulations on permitted effluent discharge levels post wastewater treatment. As such, Azerbaijan has adopted Directive No 91/271 from the European Environmental Commission (EEC) in GOST. This regulation identifies the allowable biological and chemical levels for sewage effluent. 4 The Water Code, 1997 The Water Code (1997) regulates legal relations concerning the protection and use of water bodies (surface, subsoil, and boundary water bodies) in Azerbaijan. The Law details the obligations of the State with respect to the use and protection of water bodies in terms of monitoring and protection schemes as well as the supervision over the use and protection of water bodies. The items most relevant to the Project include the outlining of;  The use of water bodies as potable and service water;  The use of specially protected water bodies; and  The use of water bodies for the discharge of wastewaters. 5 SNIP, Construction Norms and The Construction Norms and Regulations are identified in SNiP which details how to carry out noise reduction measures to assure compliance Regulations with the relevant sanitary norms (section 3.9) and it details regulations on the dumping of excess materials (section 3.12). SNIP III-4-80 also details regulations on construction worker’s health and safety. Chapters 2 and 5 provide organizational procedures of construction work sites and material transport. Annex 9 contains standards on maximum concentrations of toxic substances in the air of working zones. Annex 11 specifically claims that workers need to be informed and trained about sanitation and health care issues and the specific hazards of their work. 6 Rule for Use, Protection and The Rule for Use, Protection and Preservation of Trees and Bushes (2005) is a regulation that details the way to protect trees and shrubs in Preservation of Trees and case of necessary cutting or replanting. These trees are excluded from Bushes,No 173, 2005 the Forestry Fund of the Azerbaijan Republic. 7 Article 22 of the Land Code, 1999 Article 22 of the Land Code (1999) stipulates that the state is required to establish protection zones with a special (restrictive) regime for the purpose of construction and operation of industrial facilities. 8 EU Council Directive, 91/271/EEC, Wastewater treatment shall meet effluent quality discharge Standard according to European Council Directive 91/271/EEC on Urban Urban Wastewater Treatment Wastewater Treatment Plants (UWWTP), but phased in be compared the Plants-UWWTP directive* developing regulations and conditions in Azerbaijan. Plant design shall meet EU Member State Standards (comparable with the smallest settlement/treatment plant size category) . 9 EU Counsil Directive, 98/83/EC, Water quality sampling must be conducted to meet the frequency and methods stipulated in European Council Directive 98/83/EC and article Drinking Water Standards 7(monitoring) and the related Annexs, e.g. Annex Iı, Table A (parameters to be analyzed) and Table B1 (minimum frequency of sampling and analysis for water intended for human consumption supplied from a distribution network). The treated water should comply with the EU Directive 98/83/EC. * As there are no specific wastewater discharge sampling requirements and limits specified under Azerbaijan regulations, the EU Directive 91/271/EEC (UWWTP- Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants), has been adopted by the Ministry of Health (MoH) of Azerbaijan to regulate the urban wastewater treatment. xxxvii Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary 6. Summary of Alternative Analysis The alternative analysis, as discussed in Chapter 4 of this document, includes no Project alternative, an assessment of alternative raw water capturing method, a comparison of alternative raw water pipeline routes. An assessment of alternative water treatment technologies and processes and location of Water Treatment Plant site were conducted both from the environmentally and engineering perspectives. A comparion of alternative wastewater treatment technologies processess and an assessment of alternative sludge stabilization methods were conducted for reliability and their ability to serve regional need and their associated environmental impacts. Criteria were developed for screening site selection of alternatives. Factors considered included;  Legal and regulatory requirements,  Land availability or permissible use,  Land available on the public easement to avoid land purchase,  Availability of sufficient pressure by gravity transmission,  Engineering design and limitations,  Environmentally sensitive processes,  O & M requirements including management and administration, The intent of this alternatives analysis is not directly to select a preferred alternative. During the EIA study stage, these alternatives are subjected to an evaluation process to help identify and refine additional reasonable alternatives. The alternatives evaluated should provide the decision makers with different geographical locations for the proposed project and with different technical or planning solutions. Thoroughly assessing a range of alternatives enables project proponent, decision makers to gain a complete understanding of the potential impacts of the proposed project over the full spectrum of implementation scenarios. 6.1. Proposed Project Changes According to Feasibility Study Project Options proposed Alternative Options Subject by the Feasibility Study proposed by the EIA Team Team Sub-surface lateral water will be Sub-surface lateral water will be Raw Water Capture collected by a new HIGDU to be collected by a new HIGDU to be constructed in the same site with constructed in the same site with similar size to the old one nearby similar size to the old one nearby Kullulu village at about 170 masl, Kullulu village at about 170 masl, and a Water Treatment Plant will be and a Water Treatment Plant will be constructed at about 89 masl north constructed at about 89 masl north of Arabmehdibey village. of Arabmehdibey village. Alingment of Raw The proposed alignment of pipeline The proposed alignment of pipeline will be confined with the RoW of the will be confined with the RoW of the Water Transmission existing raw water transmission existing raw water transmission Main main from the catchment area to main from the catchment area to WTP site north of Arabmehdibey WTP site north of Arabmehdibey village. The pipeline alignment will village. The pipeline alignment will have a concrete encased river have a concrete encased river crossing section which is crossing section which is approximately 1.6 km in length at approximately 1.6 km in length at the lower levels of catchment area. the lower levels of catchment area. However, no part of the pipeline However, no part of the pipeline travels on the agricultural lots. travels on the agricultural lots. Water Treatment Plant The water of the proposed The EIA team does not support the catchment has the low values of WTP concept of Feasibility (WTP) Process type xxxviii Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary turbidity and heavy metal Consultant because of the following concentrations according to the reasons; standards prescribed by National and International drinking water - The filtration and standards. Because of the above disinfection protects reason, no water treatment plant consumers against the has been foreseen to treat the potential exposure to amount of water required for such diseases causing Kurdamir city by the Feasibility pathogens as Giardia, Consultant and AWM OJSC. Only, Cryptosporidium, viruses, disinfection process with Chlorine Legionella, and dioxyde is proposed by the heterotrophic bacteria. Feasibility Consultant. However; - Only disinfection by chloramination and/or Chlorine dioxyde cannot kill the protozoa (Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Legionella), which will be contained by the raw water. - The use of only disinfection method providing the drinkable water would cause many ill effects on the consumers and on the environment that cannot be foreseen predictably. This type choice would not be environmentally sound. - Although the water of the proposed catchment has the low values of turbidity and heavy metal concentrations according to the standards prescribed by National and International drinking water standards, a multiple treatment barier system WTP is required. - Chloramination residual lasts longer than chlorine residuals, thus eliminating the need for re-chloramination stations. Location of WTP site This alternative location is The EIA team supports this determined by the Feasibility alternative location. Consultant and AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan that the proposed WTP Because of the fact that; will be located in the rayon SuKanal site located in the North of - This alternative site has Arabmehdibey village at about 89 been sufficiently high (89 masl. masl) to provide the gravity flow of water which will be conveyed to Kurdamir city. - The area is owned by the rayon SuKanal Department. Wastewater An extended aeration process with The EIA study Team supports on sludge drying beds for the proposed the designation of an extended Treatment Plant WWTP is selected by the Feasibility aeration process with sludge drying xxxix Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary (WWTP) Process type Consultant as project proposal. beds.  The major advantages of However, a continuous flow  No anoxic zone exist in extended aeration plant the proposed scheme, are the natural process,  And, a septic sludge the relatively low capital acceptance station is cost, and its technology appended to the sewage is the best understood by water inlet cell. the operators. However, Requirements of the Anoxic Zone The EIA study team recommends that the designation of a MLE process type continuous flow wastewater treatment plant will be an appropriate solution both for more environmentally sound and easy operation. As well known, this process type is a single sludge nitrification- denitrification process utilizing the biodegradable organics in the influent by recycling nitrates from a single aerobic zone to a single anoxic zone, and by physically separating the anoxic zone from the aerobic zone. Denitrifying microorganisms require an anoxic environment free of molecular dissolved oxygen, along with a soluble, or dissolved, organic food source. Soluble BOD, methanol, acetate, or the volatile fatty acids from fermented sludge can serve as this food source. As with nitrification, denitrification can occur in either suspended growth, attached growth or combined processes. This process is capable of reducing total nitrogen (TN) to the 10-15 mg/l range. Acceptance of Septic Sludge into WWTP Sewage treatment plants offer another alternative for septage treatment. Because septage is approximately 50 times as concentrated as domestic sewage, it must be blended with sewage before entering the plant to avoid upsetting the treatment process. The concerning of accepting septage into a WWTP can also be considered and addressed. However, the Daily volume of septage may need to be managed to avoid plant overload. Restricting the hours of septage receiving, or limiting the number of loads per day may be necessary to control the plant loading rate. xl Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary For added protection, the treatment plant may collect a small sample from each load and analyzed to reveal the hauler who contributes the bad load. Because of the above reasons, the EIA team does not support this alternative in this stage. Sludge Dewatering Sludge Drying Beds (SDB) for The EIA team supports the dewatering the sludge to be alternative of Kurdamir FS for and Disposal generated in the treatment process, sludge dewatering. Sludge drying is recommended. beds are recommended the best appropriate option for sludge It is stated in FS ‘In first priority the dewatering by the EIA team on sludge will be used in agriculture. In account of; case this is not possible it will be disposed on a landfill, see FS  Easy operation, Chapter 4.1.3’  Needing no high qualified However, no separate mono-landfill operators, facility is recommended in FS. Agricultural application of the  Having no technical sludge dried in SDB is sophistication, and recommended in first priority.  Needing no back-up facility, However, the use of dried sludge (sludge cake) in agriculture will be most probably unfeasible because of heavy metal concentration and effects of toxicity of dried sludge. Alternatives of sludge cake’s disposal are comprehensively examined in Chapter 4.3.3, and disposal of dewatered sludge at a separate mono-landfill site is selected best appropriate option because of the negative environmental effects of other options by the EIA team. Reuse of Treated In Kurdamir case, reuse of treated In Kurdamir case, reuse of treated wastewater can represent a wastewater can represent a Wastewater potential new water source in the potential new water source in the rayon. The treated wastewater will rayon. The treated wastewater will be discharged into Goychay be discharged into Goychay Collector through Shahsevenark Collector through Shahsevenark irrigation channel from the proposed irrigation channel from the WWTP. proposed WWTP. Use of Drinking The sludge can be disposed off on The EIA team supports this a regular landfill area. Kurdamir FS, alternative. Sludge on the Chapter 4.3.3. agricultural application Location of proposed This alternative location has been The EIA team supports this selected by the feasibility study alternative location. See Exhibit WWTP team in consultation with AWM 2,4). OJSC of Azerbaijan, and it is located along Baku – Tbilisi Because; highway between highway and - It is a public easement, railway, 1.75 km far from the city to - No need to purchase the the east (see Exhibit 2,4). This private and/or agricultural alternative location is at about o land for this alternative masl. The area is a public location, easement, and provides approximately 3-4 hectares of land - The area is currently not for the WWTP. This alternative site planned for another xli Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary has been sufficiently high to provide usage. partly gravity flow of sewerage - This alternative site has water which will be conveyed to been sufficiently high to WWTP from entire service area. provide the partly gravity flow of sewerage water which will be conveyed to WWTP from entire service area. - The area provides approximately 3-4 hectares of land for the WWTP. Location of Any construction camp place for Construction contractor camp place Contractor(s) has not been is not discovered within this period Construction proposed in the Feasbility Study. of EIA study. The final location of Contractor(s)’ Camp the contractor(s) camp site should site be determined with the approval of AWM OJSC and/or Rayon Executive Power within the period of pre-construction phase, and the most environmentally sensitive location should be selected. 6.2. Anticipated Project Schedule The anticipated schedule for the entire Project is as follows; 1) during the fall, winter and spring of 2010 approval of EIA studies and bidding procedures will be completed, 2) during the last quarter of 2011 plus the whole year of 2012 actual construction works will be completed, 3) Defects liability period of the contractor(s) in this Project will be lasting for 12 months as of the project’s completion. Procurement for the Design and Build Contract will be according to open and transparent procedures for international competitive bidding. Bidding under World Bank loans is allowed in all currencies of their member countries. However, AWM OJSC will request bidders to specify which part of the bid will be paid in local currency – to lessen the currency exchange risk (but this factor cannot be part of the evaluation process). All currencies will be converted to one currency for the bid evaluation process. 7. Summary of Environmental Effects, Benefits and Mitigation The potential impacts, benefits, and proposed mitigation measures anticipated to be associated with the proposed Project are presented in Chapter 6 and 7 including specific data and references. A summary level presentation of the impacts, benefits and mitigation measures is below; Proposed Project Benefits Positive impacts and benefits identified for the Project are;  The Project’s construction phase activity will generate a two year burst of economic benefits because of the high temporary levels of Project employment and local purchasing, e.g., peak employment will exceed 300 workers in a project year. By contrast, the operations phase will employ perhaps 20 % of this peak number. Considering spinoff effects generated by these wages and purchases, the construction phase will boost the gross domestic product of the rayon by a projected approx. 10 % per year. xlii Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary  During operation phase, improvement of public health, and potential environmental benefits from the elimination of contamination and degradation on the soil in and around the Kurdamir city. The potential Negatif Impacts of the Project The potential less than significant impacts with mitigation incorporated on the natural and socio- economic environment, is;  Impacts on Ambient Air Quality during the construction phase.  Impacts on the Agricultural Resources; excess dust and emission will cause loss of productivity on 2150 hectares ofagricultural lots surrounding Duzyurd village during the construction period. The potential less than significant impacts on the natural and socio-economic environment, are;  Biological Resources; Negative effects on the terrestrial and aquatic wildlife will occur most likely on the wildlife community nearby the Project corridor,  Hazards and Hazardous Materials; the construction chemicals to be used in the contractor’s camp and on the worksites will cause the impacts in less than significant level during the construction phase,  A temporary negative effect on the hydrology and water quality in or nearby the Project corridor will occur in less than significant level.  During rain events, the potential exists for loss of soil from the unpaved access route referred to as the trail roads (service roads), particularly if heavy truck traffic causes a deterioration in the road surface.  Temporary, periodic increases in ambient noise levels within the Project corridor will cause a negative effect, which is in less than significant due to their short-term duration. Implementation of mitigation measures will further reduce impacts.  Transportation and Traffic; Disruption of road traffic and disruption of public services may cause an impact, which is in less than significant level. All other impacts are considered insignificant. Environmental effects from the proposed Project will generally not have substantial adverse effects on humans. However, possible impacts from construction accidents, noise, and other safety hazards will exist. These impacts will be reduced with the appropriate mitigation measures comprehensively explained in Chapter 6 and 7. 8. Environmental Management and Monitoring Environmental Management plan The proposed work will have some short-term adverse impacts on the environment during the construction period. Based on the impact analysis, mitigation measures have been developed in two phases as required to minimize or reduce the potential impacts of the Project (see Chapter 6 and 7). The pre-construction or planning management plan is to be used as a guide during the planning, design and detailing of the development components. This part of the plan is to be referenced by all involved in decision making during the planning and design phases. For the Pre-construction Phase, see Exhibit 7,1. 1. Environmentally Related Authorizations, Permits and Licenses, 2. EMP Training, 3. Contract Areas, 4. Sensitive Ecology, xliii Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary 5. Heritage Areas, 6. Roads, 7. Site Establishment, 8. Materials Handling, Use and Storage, 9. Water Supply, 10. Power Supply, 11. Liquid Waste, The Construction Management Plan forms part of the contract documentation. The plan must be read in conjunction with the contract documents including the relevant Bill of Quantities and Specifications. When carrying out the Works during the construction phase, the environmental objective is to minimize the footprint of damage, disturbance and/or nuisance (of the social and biophysical environment), to properly manage use of water resources and to prevent pollution. This is the responsibility of the Contractor. For the Construction Phase, see Exhibit 7,1. 1. Vehicular Access and Movement of Construction Vehicles, 2. Movement of Construction Personnel, Labors and Equipments, 3. Vegetation Clearing, 4. Protection of Fauna, 5. Heritage and / or Archeological Sites, 6. Soil Management, 7. Erosion Control, 8. Slope Protection, 9. Access Roads, 10. Excavating, Backfilling, and Trenching, 11. Levelling, 12. Sand Extraction, 13. Stockpiling, Handling, Storage of Building Materials, 14. Servicing and Re-fueling of Construction Equipments, 15. Solid Waste Management, 16. Hazardous Material, 17. Run-off from Construction Camp, 18. Fire, 19. Ambient Air and Dust, 20. Noise, 21. Crossing at Rivers, Streams and Wetlands, 22. Visual, 23. Site Clean-up and Rehabilitation. The stipulations of the report should be conveyed to the contractors prior to the commencement of construction. Environmental Monitoring and Supervision Specifically, the contract for the proposed project will include the Monitoring Plan will be attached to the Technical Specifications, see Exhibit 7,2. The Employer (AWM OJSC) with its authorized environmentally sub-sections (EMU/ECO), and the Supervisory Engineer (or Environmental Specialist of CMF) will monitor the implementation of the EMP. Overall potential environmental and safety impacts are readily avoidable and can be easily mitigated by adopting good engineering practices. All environmental measures will be monitored and enforced, together with health and safety measures (accident prevention, etc.) applied by the contractor for his workforce to cover all aspects of rehabilitation and construction works, including control of pollution and wastes at work sites and xliv Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary construction contractor’s camps. The objectives of carrying out Environmental Monitoring and Audit for the Project include the following:  Providing a database against which any short or long term environmental impacts of the project can be determined.  Providing an early indication should any of the environmental control measures or practices fail to achieve the acceptable standards.  Monitoring the performance of the Project and the effectiveness of mitigation measures.  Verifying the environmental impacts predicted in the EIA Study.  Determining project compliance with regulatory requirements, standards and government policies.  Taking remedial action if unexpected problems or unacceptable impacts arise.  Providing data to enable an environmental audit.  Providing real-time reporting of monitoring data through a dedicated internet website. Monitoring and Audit should be developed in two consequent phases, and those are Construction Phase and Operation Phase. 9. Consultant’s Recommendations 1. The AWM OJSC’s PIU currently has few staffs and there will be a need for more human resources. An Environmental Management Team envisaged in Chapter 7.1.5.1 should be constituted under the PIU of AWM OJSC in the Project implementation period. The envisaged ‘Environmental Management Team’ composition and its budget were discussed and agreed with AWM OJSC. A substantial amount of training shall be undertaken in order to ensure that the EMU officials are trained to understand how to apply the EMP. 2. The training will ensure they have the resources to apply the EMP and have the capacity to evaluate the environmental requirements and contractors’ mitigation measures, and also to facilitate capacity building activities. 3. An international environmental specialist should also be engaged to support the EMU at least for two years from pre-construction until the operation phase. An auditing methodologies will be established by the EMU. 4. It is recommended that AWM OJSC appoint the Environmental Control Official(s) (ECO) during the construction phase of the project. The ECO should be a Section Ranger. 5. An environmental management team should be constituted under the PIU of AWM OJSC in the Project implementation period. 6. The Environmental Monitoring and Audit reporting shall be carried out in paper based plus electronic submission upon agreeing the format with the MENR of AQzerbaijan. All the monitoring data (baseline and impact) shall also be submitted in CD-ROM. 7. Types of reports that the EM should prepare and submit include baseline monitoring report, monthly Environmental Monitoring and Audit report, quarterly Environmental Monitoring and Audit report summary report and final Environmental Monitoring and Audit report review report. A copy of the monthly, quarterly summary and final review Environmental Monitoring and Audit reports should be made available to the PIU of AWM OJSC and World Bank. 8. The EM should prepare and submit a Baseline Environmental Monitoring Report within 10 working days of completion of the baseline monitoring. Copies of the Baseline Environmental Monitoring Report should be submitted to the Contractor, the PIU of AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan, the MENR of Azerbaijan, MOH of Azerbaijan. The EM should liaise with the relevant parties on the exact number of copies they require. The report format and xlv Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary baseline monitoring data format should be agreed with the MENR prior to submission. 9. No site-based documents (such as monitoring field records, laboratory analysis records, site inspection forms, etc.) are required to be included in the monthly Environmental Monitoring and Audit reports. However, any such document should be well kept by the EM and be ready for inspection upon request. All relevant information should be clearly and systematically recorded in the document. Monitoring data should also be recorded in magnetic media form, and the software copy must be available upon request. Data format should be agreed with MENR of Azerbaijan. All documents and data should be kept for at least one year following completion of the construction contract. 10. With reference to the Event and Action Plan, when the environmental quality performance limits are exceeded, the EM should immediately notify the AWM OJSC and MENR, as appropriate. The notification should be followed up with advice to AWM OJSC and MENR on the results of the investigation, proposed actions and success of the actions taken, with any necessary follow-up proposals. 11. All complaints should be referred to the EM for action. The EM should undertake the procedures explained in Chapter 7.3.4. upon receipt of any complaint. 10. Project Related Environmental Management and Monitoring Costs The Project environment related costs have been detailed in Chapter 7.1.5.2. The amount for the rayon is US $ 326,921.28, and its breakdown is as follows; Cost Item Measure (US Dollars) 1 Environmental Supervision and : 221.921.28 Monitoring 2 Hazardous Waste Disposal : 105.000.00 Facilityto be constructed in Kurdamir city 11. Public Consultation Series of scoping sessions and focus group discussions were carried out with AWM OJSC, RPUDs, local Communities and NGOs. Additional meetings were held at various sites along the project corridor. These meetings were held with AWM OJSC, RPUDs, and relevant governmental departments both in rayon level and regional level. Generally, people were found to be aware of the need to upgrade the WSS systems, and indicated their support for the AWM OJSC. The proposed construction of the new systems met with particular support since it will reduce the health problems of the public in their region. Local departments of rayon demanded they be part of a continuous consultation process with other stakeholders at different stages of the project including the design, construction, and operation periods. The first call of an information meeting for scoping consultation attending the representatives of RPUDs and other intrested parties, including representative of AWM OJSC, has been forwarded to AWM OJSC at the date of September 01, 2010, see Annex-4. Agenda items of meeting request were as the followings;  Distributing of an Environmental Checklist drawn up by the EIA consultant,  Discussing of the Public review Process for scoping the EIA, and xlvi Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary Since the study areas consist of 12 rayons, two information meetings, each of six rayons, has been planned for scoping consultation process. The first information meeting for the southern six rayons (Lankaran, Astara, Lerik, Yardimli, Jalilabad, and Masalli) were held at seventh of September, 2010 in Lankaran. The second information meeting for other six rayons (Imishli, Zardab, Kurdamir, Ujar, Gadabay, and Dashkasan) were held at September 17th, 2010 in Ujar rayon. See Annex-4. In this period, a scoping report has been carried out, and submitted to AWM OJSC at the date of May 30, 2011. The general public were consulted through all three phases of the consultation process as described above. A contact list of individuals and groups that were considered or known to be interested in the process and/or had identified themselves as having an interest, was created and maintained with EMU of AWM OJSC and Rayon Irrigation Department throughout the consultation process. Individuals and organizations on the list were contacted. The general public consultation included a two-part process; 1. Phase 1; Creation of a background information package (hard copy questionnaries), and obtaining of public feedback both from the ‘engaged public’ and ‘general public’ with the notification and dissemination of the questionnaries set to Kurdamir Public. See Table 8,4. 2. Phase 2; Arranging a general public meeting in Kurdamir city as an open public forum. Notice for the forum has been posted in local municipal Office through EMU of AWM OJSC and Rayon Irrigation Department. Interested parties included, but were not limited to residents and residents groups, NGOs, business groups including farmers, and environmental groups. A general public consultation meeting was held in May 06, 2011 at the Conference Hall of REP Building. See Table 8,2 and Annex-4. 12. Conclusion This study was carried out at the planning stage of the project. Primary and secondary data were used to assess the environmental impacts. The potential environmental impacts were assessed in a comprehensive manner. The report has provided a picture of all potential environmental impacts associated with the proposed Project, and recommended approporiate mitigation measures. This study recommends that some further follow up studies are undertaken during project processing in order to meet the requirements of World Bank, and relevant National/International regulations. There are some further considerations for the planning stages such as obtaining clearance for the project under the Azerbaijan Environmental Protection Act and Water Code, however, environmental impacts from the proposed project will mostly take place during the construction stage. At the detailed design stage the number of and exact locations for the placements of proposed Project may change subject to detailed surveys, however, the impacts are likely to be broadly similar at most locations and impacts have been reviewed in this EIA report. There are a number of key actions required in the detailed design phase. AWM OJSC must receive clearance certification from the MENR designing an EMP that will be accepted by the MENR, and agreed by the contractor prior to signing the contract. An environmental monitoring and audit programme has been recommended to monitor the implementation of the mitigation measures and to ensure compliance with environmental standards. However, the baseline monitoring activities should be carried out during project detailed design stage to establish the baseline of parameters for checking during the construction stage. The results should be integrated with the contract documentation to establish performance action thresholds, pollution xlvii Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Draft Executive Summary limits and contingency plans for the contractor’s performance. The proposed Project have impacts that are individually limited, therefore, they are not cumulatively considerable.  Although, the impacts in the less than significant level will occur on the environment in or nearby the Project corridor during the construction phase, these impacts will be minimize with the mitigation measures recommended in the EIA report.  The findings of this EIA have provided information on the nature and extent of potential environmental impacts arising from the proposed Project.  This EIA Study has predicted that the Project, after the adoption of appropriate mitigation measure, would comply with the environmental legislation and standards, and the residual impacts are considered to be acceptable.  The implementation of the proposed project would have significant positive impacts to the social-economic and public health development of the rayon in particular. Abdurrahim Tan Sr. Environmental Specialist, Project Manager, EIA studies for 12 Rayons of Azerbaijan SNWSSP Phase II On behalf of the EIA Study Team of Aim Texas Trading LLC, Engineering Department, Overseas Management Group Baku, June 16, 2011. xlviii Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons -Kurdamir Introduction Chapter 1 Overview This document is a combination of the positive and negative list and expert judgement; for a number of activities, an Environmental Impact Assessment to improve the construction of water supply and sanitation (WSS) investment proposed for rayon Kurdamir. This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) presents the results and conclusions of environmental assessment for the proposed construction of the WSS investment, which is intended to be implemented in rayon Kurdamir. This EIA will be realized under the provisions of its scope of work and the relevant World Bank Operational Policy OP 4.01, and will refer to the relevant National, International and Regional legislation, regulations, guidelines and other policy documents. Consideration will be given to improving integration of National / International development strategies and for developing the mitigating measures. This EIA is planning instruments that aim to contribute to the design phases of the development as well as function as management tools to minimize potential negative impacts and maximize benefits during construction and operational phases of the Project. To be effective in this role, EIA needs to form an integral part of the Project design process, and should be incorporated into the bidding documents. 1.1. Project Background The Second National Water Supply and Sanitation Project (SNWSSP) is financed by the World Bank and the Government of Azerbaijan. The project is expected to address the problems facing the WSS sector through reconstruction and rehabilitation of infrastructure in 21 rayons in Azerbaijan. Second National Water Supply and Sanitation Project Implementation Unit under the Amelioration and Water Management Open Joint Stock Company of Azerbaijan (AWM OJSC) is responsible for 16 rayons of Azerbaijan in scope of SNWSSP. Investments under this Project will be implemented in two phases. Phase I is expected to cover four Rayons (Aghsu, Ismayilli, Shabran and Siyazan), and Phase II will cover additional 12 Rayons (Imishli, Kurdamir, Ujar, Zardab, Lankaran, Astara, Masalli, Jalilabad, Yardimli, Lerik, Dashkasan and Gadabay). The strategic approach being adopted under the Project is based on two complementary interventions: (i) rehabilitation and construction of WSS infrastructure in the Rayon’s centres plus the villages located in close proximity to them, or along the transmission mains for the water supply; (ii) implementation of a comprehensive Institutional Development Plan to strenghten the WSS sector’s capacity to manage WSS services in an efficient, effective, and sustainable manner. A Contract has been made at 27th of August, 2010, between AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan (Client) and Aim Texas Trading LLC, Engineering Department Overseas Management Group (Consultant) with the Contract No. SNWSSP-CS-QCBS-01/2010 for preparing the Environmental Impact Assessment of 12 rayons. 1.1 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Introduction The consulting services will include the preparation of the detailed Draft Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA), Final Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Environmental Management Plan (EMP) of the proposed WSS investments of the 12 rayons mentioned above, a well defined and processed Scoping Consultation, General Public Consultation and Scoping Report for each rayon. These studies will identify the potential impacts of the projects, both positive and negative, and review alternatives. The EMP will include implementation procedures and arrangements for ensuring full consideration of Environmental Safeguards for the investments in the mentioned 12 rayons, in accordance with WB OP 4.01 and the relevant environmental procedures of Azerbaijan. Particular attention will be given in the studies practice to preventing, mitigating and offsetting the significant adverse effects of proposed undertakings. 1.2 Basic Features of Proposed Project The Project has two complementary features to accomplish this purpose and, in turn, support local economic growth and poverty reduction addressed to its respective communities:  Rehabilitation and construction of WSS infrastructure,  Implementation of an Institutional development plan in large scope to strengthen the WSS sector’s capacity to manage WSS services in an efficient, effective, and capable of being sustained. 1.2.1 Objective of the Project The overall aim of the Project (SNWSSP) is to improve access to safe, reliable and sustainable water supply and sanitation (WSS) services in the urban centres of the said above 21 rayons of Azerbaijan. One of these rayons is Kurdamir, which is located in the Aran Economic Region of Azerbaijan. This objective will be achieved through rehabilitation and reconstruction of the water supply and sanitation infrastructure in the rayon. Realization of the Project will positively affect the environmental safety, economic, social development and health of population; as well as put the basis for correspondence to legislative requirements in the area of environmental safety and to state standards of water usage. The project is part of the country wide strategy to bring the improvements in living standards further than the major urban areas, into the smaller towns and cities of the rural rayons. The proposed project addresses the basic problems, and includes four primary components in its comprehensive scope: A. Regional Investment B. Baku Investment Planning C. Institutional Modernization D. Project Implementation and Management 1.2.2 Specific Goals of the Project The primary objective of the Project is to improve the health and livelihoods of the urban communities through the provision of safe, potable, and adequate water supply and sanitation. The following indicators are listed;  Secure supply with potable water meeting World Health Organization (WHO) and/or national quality standards,  Continuous water supply for 24 hours per day,  Supply of each user with sufficient water for domestic needs, 1.2 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Introduction  Water distribution system workable under operation pressures with low leakage rates,  Safe collection and treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater, and reduction of aquifer pollution,  Compliance of water supply facilities, sewer system and wastewater treatment plant based on international and/or Azeri standards,  Affordable Water Supply and Sanitation Prices for consumers and within determined service tariffs,  Minimum use of natural resources to keep the impact of WSS measures on the environment at minimum level during implementation and maintenance The secondary objective is to implement an Action Plan that will upgrade and improve the sustainability in the Rayon centers. The Project aims to achieve its objectives through;  Implementation of a new, efficient and appropriately sized water and sanitation infrastructure by rehabilitation of existing facilities and construction of new ones where necessary,  Determining of the operational bottlenecks of the water and sanitation system and develop project proposals to improve efficiency,  Strengthening of local know how and capacity to deliver and maintain these services, o Developing a sense of local ownership through community participation The Presidential Decree Number 3 dated November, 2003, requires the Cabinet of Ministers to undertake measures for elimination of socio economic problems and to apply the norms of the European Social Charter. The proposed WSS project falls squarely within the scope of the Decree. The national WSS norms state that the water supply investments shall provide 24 hour coverage of potable quality and be delivered to the consumers at the appropriate pressure. The Governments sector policies, strategy and development are based on a National WSS Strategy (2000), which has recommended the setting up of ‘Autonomous Commercially-Run Utilities, under the Regulatory Control of Local Government. In secondary towns, these utilities, known as Su Kanal (water supply agencies of secondary towns are prefixed by town name to designate the local branch – Kurdamir Su Kanal Department refers the agency in the town of Kurdamir). These utilities were to be transformed into financially self-sufficient institutions eventually able to attract the private sector to participate in their operation and management. This was followed by a Presidential Decree Number 893 dated March 2002, which further set out the sector development approach. This Decree promotes private section participation, an improved tariff system, metering of water supply and revision of the accounting systems. 1.3 Involved Organizations and Authorities In order to progress towards the objectives, the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) was formed by Amelioration and Water Management Open Joint Stock Company (AWM OJSC) of Azerbaijan. The Consultant has maintained close contact with the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) as Employer on all aspects of the Consultant’s work. All formal communications from the Consultant has been addressed through the PIU. The PIU has assisted the Consultant in obtaining all staff permits, authorizations and licenses required for the performance of the Consultant’s services in Azerbaijan. It has also provided all existing data, reports and maps as far as they were available and has assisted the Consultant in obtaining other relevant information and materials from governmental institutions and state authorities. 1.3 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Introduction Statutory and non-statutory consultation process was followed in order to supply the information required for preparation of the EIA report at the rayon Kurdamir. A representative of the Rayon Executive Power has supervised to the EIA study team during the process. The organizations and authorities contacted at the rayon were mostly;  Representative of Rayon Executive Power,  Head of Architecture and Construction Division,  Mayor of the city,  AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan and EMU of AWM OJSC,  Head of the Rayon Statistics Department ,  Head of the Rayon Hygiene and Epidemiology Centre,  Head of the Rayon Irrigation Systems Department,  Head of the local Su Kanal (water and sewerage) Department,  Head of the Land and Cartography Committee Regional Department,  Representative of Kurdamir Ecology Department,  Representative of Kurdamir Water User Associations (Local NGOs),  Rayon Road Patrol Department,  Rayon Forest Department, 1.3.1 Amelioration and Water Management Open Joint Stock Company (AWM OJSC) of Azerbaijan Amelioration and Water Management Open Joint Stock Company (AWM OJSC) of Azerbaijan was established based on the Amelioration and Water Farm Agency of Azerbaijan under Ministry of Agriculture of Azerbaijan according to President Order Number 372 dated February 23, 2006 for Amelioration and Water Farm Management Improvement Activities. AWM OJSC is a stock company which provides State services for amelioration and water farm, and stocks of which belong to the State. AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan is responsible for monitoring water use and issues annual reports based on information from water users. The Company’s activities focus on irrigation, for which it sets water-use norms and handles user relations. It is also responsible for establishing the charges for water use. In addition, it is in charge of land improvement on irrigated land, and the operation and maintenance of the irrigation infrastructure. According to its existing legislative status AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan has responsibility;  To supply water for different economical sectors throughout the country,  To organize operation of amelioration and irrigation systems under State possession,  To provide State control of waters supply and protection,  To implement measures for melioration of salined lands, for land sliding and for flooding,  To prepare integrated plans for water supply and protection at basins including groundwater resources,  To organize international transboundary water aspects and manage joint operation of amelioration and irrigation systems,  To construct amelioration and water farm facilities,  To conduct and confirm State expertise of projects within its responsibility,  To perform budget-finance and other activities regarding the development of areas. Within the scope of the Second National Water Supply and Sanitation Project AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan has been assigned to construct the water supply and sanitation infrastructure and necessary treatment installations and hand over these installations to relevant local SuKanal authorities. 1.4 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Introduction 1.3.2 AZERSU Open Joint Stock Company (AzerSu OJSC) The AzerSu OJSC’s main water supply activities in rural areas are comprised of establishment of policies, project planning, and functioning as an intermediary between central government and international donor organizations. However, AzerSu OJSC has its own potential to plan projects in cooperation with Joint SuKanal Limited Liability Company (LLC) and Rayon SuKanal Departments. AzerSu OJSC was established during the WSS system reforms of Azerbaijan according to President Order Number 252 dated June 11, 2004 about Water Supply Management and Improvement of Azerbaijan Republic on the base of Absheron Regional Stock Water Company. All stocks of AzerSu OJSC belong to the Government of Azerbaijan. According to the Order, city-wide, regional institutions and agencies of Baku City Executive Power Bakikanalizasiya Industrial Union and State Construction and Architecture Committee’s liquidated Azersukanaltemir and Azerkendsutechizat Industrial Unions were placed under the authority of AzerSu OJSC. AzerSu OJSC management is assigned by the OJSC president and his four deputies (vice-presidents). AzerSu OJSC has responsibility to perform the below functions;  To organize water supply and sanitation service in the country, to manage institutions under its authority, to coordinate their work, to participate the implementation of State water supply and sanitation services policy,  To organize water offtake, processing, transportation and sale through agencies under its authority, to provide operation, design, construction, repair and maintenance of treatment plants, pumping stations, water pipelines under its authority,  To organize activities of agencies under its authority on treatment plants and systems,  To provides establishment of legislation based sanitary-protection zones in water supply and sanitation system facilities and compliance audit of their implementation,  To use surface water facilities and groundwater facilities for the water supply,  To provide and commission the installation of flow meters and water measuring devices to measure produced and consumed quantity of water and sewage,  To define respective technical specifications and controls observation of the specifications for connection to water and sewerage canals based on application of legal and natural persons,  To conduct the control of drinking water supplied for drinking purposes and sewage produced from industrial sewage,  To deal with scientific-research and design activities, to participate in preparation and implementation of legislative acts specifying general rules of water supply and sanitation system, to define the investment programs required for water supply and sanitation system improvement and development. Joint SuCanal Limited Liability Company AzerSu OJSC possesses all state shares of Joint SuKanal LLC. However Joint SuKanal is a financially independent “Limited Liability Company” bound by the laws of Azerbaijan Republic. Joint SuKanal LLC governs 53 SuKanal Departments responsible for WSS services in each rayon of the country. The main activities of Joint SuKanal LLC are given below; 1. Technical assistance to SuKanal Departments in the rayons, 2. Monitoring and supervision of the activities of SuKanal Departments, 3. Compilation and sorting of statistic data and reporting to AzerSu OJSC, 4. Checking existing condition of WSS in each rayon through the local SuKanal Departments, 5. Design planning of WSS systems together with AzerSu OJSC, 6. Management of labour resources, 7. Investment contract and budget assessment and approval, 8. Distribution of budget funds. 1.5 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Introduction Rayon SuKanal Departments The “Local Executive Body” has representative at the town level, as a counterpart to the town Municipality, as well as in rural villages and settlements. The Rayon “Local Executive Body” plays a considerable role in the monitoring, supervision, and control of the SuKanal Departments (RSKD), since the “Local Executive Body” assumes ultimate responsibility for the provision of all services, including WSS. The Order provides guidance for its structure and the management. The Manager of Kurdamir SuKanal Department is nominated by the “Local Executive Body”, but appointed by the Head of AzerSu OJSC. The obligation of RSKD is to manage the water, waste water systems and networks in the rayon. It is required to set up plans for its operations based on the demand for its services. In estimating the demand, the RSKD is required to conclude agreements and contracts with consumers and to provide these supplies at prices that cover operating expenses. The RSKD is also required to improve and extent its service, give new customers the appropriate technical specifications of the systems that they may wish to connect to. The RSKD can be financed through sale of WSS services to consumers, special budget allocations, connection fees and charges to new customers, income from credits (i.e. loans), funds arising from fines and charges for unauthorized use of water systems. It has also sufficient rights necessary to operate the WSS systems profitably. 1.3.3 Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources (MENR) of Azerbaijan MENR was established within structural reforms conducted in Azerbaijan Republic according to Azerbaijan Republic President Order Number 485 dated May 23, 2001 on the base of State Ecology and Natural Resources Use Control Committee, Azermeshe Industrial Union, Geology and Mineral Resources Committee, Azerbaliq State Concern and State Hydrometeorology Committee, which previously dealt with different areas of environmental protection and natural resources use. MENR is a central executive power body which implements State policy for environmental protection, nature use organization, groundwater, mineral crude resources and use of surface natural resources, their rehabilitation, hydro-meteorological observation and prognoses in the area of Azerbaijan Republic. MENR has the authority to;  implement State policy for natural resources and their usage, rehabilitation, protection and environmental safety in this area,  prepare and implement National Action Plans and State Programs on forests, on geological and mineral resources, on biological diversity, on water usage and protection,  implement State management for environmental protection and natural resources usage,  give special permission (license) for activity types specified in the legislation,  determine and apply ecological norms and standards for protection and usage of nature,  prepare and apply payment norms for environmental pollutants emission (discharge),  conduct State ecological expertise of projects covering different areas of national economy and significantly impacting environment,  implement State control for hunting and aquatic resources in the country area, to prepare and apply rules, instructions and other legislative acts for fauna and flora protection and their usage,  determine emission limits of environmental noxious substances and to implement its control,  establish State environmental and natural resources monitoring system,  conduct observations and analyses for spread of pollutants in atmosphere, earth bowels, land and water basins. 1.6 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Introduction 1.3.4 Ministry of Health (MoH) of Azerbaijan MoH is a central executive body which implements State policy and regulation for the public health maintenance. MoH functions according to responsibilities which are specified in the Regulation on Public Health Ministry approved by Azerbaijan Republic President Order Number 413 dated May 25, 2006. MoH has realized its duties on State sanitary-epidemiological control through the city (regional) Hygiene and Epidemiology Centers. When the water and sanitation has been considered, MoH has responsibility to;  lead and control State public health system agencies, medical education, scientific-research works on medicine, implement State sanitary-epidemiological activities, etc.  study public health situation, to prevent diseases, and to take measures in order to decrease diseases and deaths,  participate in preparation of hygienic legislation, rules and standards preparation and controls observation of the norms within the country,  coordinate projects and provide inputs for different economical sectors at any phase, like design, construction, reconstruction, modernization, supply of industrial and agricultural facilities, water supply, sanitation, sewage treatment systems and hydraulic structures with new engineering, implementations. To make compliance audit of these activities during their implementation based on the sanitary norms and rules and hygienic normatives. 1.3.5 Regional (city and/or rayon) Executive Authorities According to Azerbaijan Republic Constitution, Item 124, rayon executive authorities are head of government administration in the rayon level. Head of rayon executive authorities are appointed and/or dismissed by President of Azerbaijan Republic. The rayon executive authorities govern the administrative area by executive power staff and local departments, institutions and agencies under its authority. They take respective measures for relevant areas like economic, social and cultural development and implement State programs, like social- economic development programs of the Republic, local ecological plans and programs; besides, they also solve city-wide problems. Rayon Executive Heads have the right to adopt normative acts, which do not conflict with the Republic legislative system acts for the areas administration and other respective problems. Rayon Executive Heads are responsible to manage property under their balance: like lands, State housing fund, non-residential buildings, engineering-communication, infrastructure facilities (in-house water pipelines, sewer utilities, heat, power and gas supply), transport inside the city, educational, cultural, health, sporting institutions and other recreational facilities taking measures for their preservation, repair/rehabilitation and development. Local executive power bodies have the following kind of authorities for health and municipal sector;  To make land use planning, to conduct and organize land cadastre Works,  To implement hygiene and sanitary-epidemiology activities and to provide the monitoring of sanitary and hygiene norms and rules,  To organize environmental protection in region, city and regional city area, to prepare ecological programs in this direction, to participate in implementation of ecological programs of Azerbaijan Republic,  To inform people about ecological conditions, to take necessary measures for public in case of natural disaster or accidents. 1.3.6 Municipalities Municipalities have the right to prepare and implement development programs on social protection and development, local economic development, and on the ecological fields, which are not envisioned to be implemented by State. The programs might cover projects on pre-school, middle school education, 1.7 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Introduction public health, culture, maintenance and development of residential and non-residential buildings, construction and maintenance of locally important roads, organization of ceremonial services, organization of transportation and communication services, maintenance of historical and cultural monuments, etc. The activities of municipalities include the water supply and sanitation, solid waste collection and disposal, as well as protection of environment. There are numerous of laws, which form the liability limits of municipalities like Property Transfer to Municipalities Status, Municipality Ownership, Finance Principles of Municipalities, and on the Municipal Lands Management, etc. 1.3.7 Ministry of Emergency Situations (MES) of Azerbaijan MES was established within State management system reforms by President Order Number 1182 dated December 16, 2005. The relevance of this ministry to the water sector has been originated from the task assigned to it on the implementation of normative regulatory and check-control functions for issues under the Ministry powers. 1.3.8 State Urban Development and Architecture Committee Azerbaijan Republic State Urban Development and Architecture Committee was established by Azerbaijan Republic President Order dated February 26, 2006 on Establishing Azerbaijan Republic State Urban Development and Architecture Committee. The Committee has authority to conduct studies on population distribution, planning the usage of nature regional, general plans and detailed planning of inhabitant areas, and etc. 1.3.9 Tariff Council of Republic of Azerbaijan Tariff Council acts under Azerbaijan Republic Economic Development Ministry. The Committee is responsible for definition of tariffs, service fees which are applied in nationwide. Tariff Council activity is headed by the Council Chairman Azerbaijan Republic Economic Development Minister. The main legislation providing liability to the Committee is the List of Goods with State-Regulated Tariffs was approved by Azerbaijan Republic Ministers Cabinet Decision No.178 dated 28 September 2005. The Committee is also responsible for the definition of;  water use service prices related to authority area of SAWMC,  water and wastewaters tariffs related to authority area of Azersu. Every year on 1st of March, relevant institutes submit required data to the Tariff Committee in order to review and define the new tariffs. 1.4. Objective and Scope of the EIA Study The objective of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is to:  Collect data in relation to the environment of the Study Area,  Describe the Project and associated works together with the requirements for carrying out the Project,  Identify and describe elements of community and environment likely to be affected by the Project and/or likely to cause adverse impacts to the Project, including natural and man-made environmental and the associated environmental constraints, including the alternative scenarios with no-project alternative,  Provide information on the consideration of alternatives to avoid and minimize potential environmental impacts to ecologically sensitive areas and other sensitive uses; to compare the environmental benefits and dis-benefits of each of different options; to provide reasons for selecting the preferred option(s) and to describe the part environmental factors played in the selection of preferred option(s), 1.8 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Introduction  Identify and quantify any potential landscape and visual impacts and to propose measures to mitigate these impacts,  Identify and quantify any potential hazard to life impacts and to propose measures to mitigate these impacts,  Identify and quantify any potential losses or damage to flora, fauna and natural habitats and to propose measures to mitigate these impacts,  Identify any negative impacts on the site of cultural heritage and to propose measures to mitigate these impacts,  Propose the provision of mitigation measures so as to minimize pollution, environmental disturbance and nuisance during the construction and operation of the Project,  Identify, predict and evaluate the residual environmental impacts (i.e. after practicable mitigation) and the cumulative effects expected to arise during the construction and operation phases of the Project in relation to the sensitive receivers and potential affected uses,  Identify, assess and specify methods, measures and standards, to be included in the detailed design, construction and operation of the Project which are necessary to mitigate these environmental impacts and cumulative effects and reduce them to the acceptable levels,  Investigate the extent of the secondary environmental impacts that may arise from the proposed mitigation measures and to identify constraints associated with the mitigation measures recommended in the EIA study, as well as the provision of any necessary modification,  Design and specify environmental monitoring and audit requirements to ensure the effective implementation of the recommended environmental protection and pollution control measures,  Assist the Project Implementing Agency – Amelioration and Water Management Open Joint Stock Company (AWM OJSC) of Azerbaijan – to hold the public consultations prior to the commissioning of the EIA, and  Carry out consultation with the key stakeholders meeting with public authorities and other institutional stakeholders, and interviewing with members of local communities, civil society, including NGOs and other stakeholders. 1.5. Assessment Area The Assessment Area for the EIA Study is presented below (see Exhibit 1,1); COMPONENT CRITERA 1 Air Quality Impact Area within a distance of 500m from the boundary of the Project Assessment site. 2 Noise Impact Assessment Area within 300m from the Project boundary in the open areas because of the riparian buffer zones and wildlife habitats. The assessment area may be reduced accordingly up to 50 m in the settlements (restricted areas) with the provision of being taken the appropriate mitigation measures foreseen in Chapter 6.2.5.2, see Exhibit 1,1 3 Water Ouality Impact Cover an area within 500m of the Project site boundary, see Assessment Exhibit 1,1 4 Waste Management and Cover the area within the Project boundary, see Exhibit 1,1 Land Contamination Assessment 5 Hazard to life The study area is the consultation zone of Water Treatment Assessment Plant and Wastewater Treatment Plant, and this area for Wastewater Treatment Plant will be at least 750 m from the nearest residential area for impact of odor. This criteria may be 1.9 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Introduction used for Water Treatment plant location as 200m. The surroundings of the plants should be provided a min. 30 m beautification zone, see Exhibit 6,1. 6 Ecological Impact The study area for ecological impact assessment shall include Assessment all areas within 500 m from the site boundary of the land based works area. The area shall cover all the Project components where the topsoil is to be stripped and the original land cover is disturbed, see Exhibit 1,1 7 Landscape and Visual The assessment area for landscape impact assessment will Impact Assessment include areas within a 100m distance from the site boundary of the work areas. 8 Aquatic Ecology When a proposed activity involves work within the riverfront Environment area, the area is presumed to be significant to the protection. The width of this area may be undulating across a piece of property in order to provide protection to site specific features. Current scientific research indicates that a "tiered approach" to waterbody buffers is more effective than a single setback, see Chapter 3.3.5 (Buffer Zones). The Aquatic Ecology Environment is agreed the with and length of the water body plus water body buffer zones in both sides of the relevant water body in or nearby the Project corridor. This approach provides more flexibility on the location and nature of disturbance in the riparian zone within the aquatic life living in the relevant water body. The following tiered approach to waterbody setbacks should apply to all activities that require development approvals. Buffer Zones in or nearby the Project corridor: The section of approximately 3 km of Girdimanchay river’s valley South of Kulullu village is the wetland area in the Project corridor. This section of the Project corridor refer to the area of land adjacent to a water body, and is called ‘riparian corridor’ for the assessment, and indicated in Exhibit 6,2. 9 Cultural Heritage Impact Cover the area within the Project boundary, see Exhibit 1,1 Assessment 1.6. Field Survey The surveys and consultations conducted in the process of preparing this EIA are summarized below: Topic Surveys and Investigations Geology, hydrogeology Desk Based Assessment of geotechnical and ground engineering issues, and soils soil contamination, geology and hydrogeology, geomorphology. Landscape and visual Assessment of landscape character and visual resources from desk study amenity and field survey. Valued landscape and visual resources are identified at international, 1.10 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Introduction national and local levels within the study area which is taken to be up to 5 km from the proposed site boundary. Ecology and nature Ecological surveys to characterize the ecology of the site. These conservation include: Terrestrial Ecology  Habitat survey (to verify existing information),  National Vegetation Classification (NVC) – selected habitats,  Hedgerows,  Trees,  Wintering birds,  Waterfowls,  Invertebrates,  Riparian Habitats  Reptiles,  Amphibians,  Archaeology and cultural Collection of additional baseline data relating to known and heritage potential cultural heritage resources. Existing and available geological and geotechnical information have been examined. Site surveys hs been undertaken to identify previously unrecorded sites of potential interest. An archaeological survey has been undertaken. Ambient Air Quality and An assessment of the potential air quality impact of emissions Dust from construction and daily worker traffic has been compared with the National and International emissions standards. Noise and vibration The requirements for ambient noise monitoring are agreed in accordance with the National and International emissions standards. An assessment of construction noise has been undertaken using predictive noise calculations and modelling based on noise propagation data for typical construction machineries. Public Access and Assessment of the level of use of the rights of way within and Recreation around the site of the proposed project to inform the evaluation of their importance as a recreational resource, and the assessment of the significance of the potential impacts of their closure and/or diversion. Socioeconomic Information is obtained for the baseline study about the existing situation. It addressed employment at the site, labour market characteristics, population/ demographic characteristics and 1.11 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Introduction information about the housing stock and existing services and facilities. Potential effects on agriculture have also been assessed. Public Consultation In addition to the field surveys, formal consultation sessions were held to assess stakeholders' views on the existing condition of the project area, and volume of traffic, to stem the concerns from the impact of construction works, as well as safety-related issues. Water Quality Based on samples collected from the proposed raw water source (Sub-surface lateral water from the lower levels of Girdimanchay river’s flood plain south of Kulullu valley) by the Feasibility Consultant, and the results of the tests periodically performed by AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan from the water of Lower Kur, Girdimanchay and Agsu rivers. 1.7 Project Affected People (PAP) There are no project affected people in or nearby the project corridor. All components of the project will be located on the public easements. All project activities inside the settlements will be confined with the public rights of ways and streets’ width. During the field surveys, no-squatters, no-shops, no- kiosks, thatched, and mobile vendors established within the RoW were found with the permission and/or protection of village notables and local administration. 1.8 Resettlement Issues There is to be no permanent land acquisition under construction works will be confined within the existing Right of Ways (RoW) of the Government of Azerbaijan. Any potential resettlement issues and issues related to loss of access to farm land should be handled in accordance with the provisions of the Resettlement Policy Framework. All required lands for the Project components are owned by the Rayon Executive Power (REP) of Kurdamir of Government of Azerbaijan, and the required lands will be allocated by REP of rayon for the Project prior to commence of the Design and Build bidding process. The construction contractor camp(s) will be temporarily established for the construction period, and land will be leased for setting up campsites and for acquiring earth fill. The proposed activities include the construction of additional access roads for the entry of water and wastewater plants, and involve earthworks, drainage provision, and intersection remodeling. 1.9 Regulatory Requirements Azerbaijan Government adopted the amended EIA procedures in 1996 corresponding to the systems applied in other countries. The new rules have been described in the regulations for conducting Environmental Impacts Assessment (EIA) in Azerbaijan. The regulations state that ‘’ activities on assessments of impacts of wastes to environment should begin in the stage of planning of the project’’. According to Environmental Law, development of EIA for all projected investments having potential impacts on environment is compulsory. The requirements established for development of an EIA shall match with the World Bank policy OP / BP 4.01. 1.12 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Introduction 1.10 Structure of the Report Executive Summary This section is mainly derived in part from material refined from the concept of the EIA report, and links to findings and conclusion of the study. The section has been prepared as comprehensible for the lay readers. Chapter 1: Introduction This Chapter identifies the Project objectives, objective and scope of the EIA study, and gives a criteria for the area, where will be assessed in accordance with the environmental baseline. This Chapter also gives the summary information for the field surveys, generic information environmental and resettlement issues, and regulatory requirements of this EIA study. Chapter 2: Project Description This Chapter provides a technical outline for the proposed Project. Most information in this section is refined and condensed from the Feasibility Study being performed for the rayon. Chapter 3: Environmental Baseline This Chapter presents the existing regional and local environmental conditions relevant to the consideration of project impacts. Issues evaluated in this Chapter consist of a full range of potential environmental topics originally identified for review related to the proposed Project and its area. Chapter 4: Analysis of Alternatives This Chapter provides a project rationale for the proposed Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of the Water Supply and Sanitation infrastructure in rayon; an overview of the investment alternatives considered in this study and description of the design alternatives considered for the project corridor. Chapter 5: Regulatory Framework The applicable regulatory framework, including plans and policies (National/International) under which the proposed project would be implemented, are discussed in this Chapter. Chapter 6: Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures This Chapter sets out the methodology for undertaking the EIA, and identifies the potential impacts of the project on the physical, biological, and socioeconomic environment of the proposed Project Corridor. This Chapter also identifies measures that will help to mitigate the project's adverse environmental effects. The discussion of potential significant effects of the proposed project on the environment, based on whether it exceeds expressed thresholds. Project impacts and mitigation measures are numbered sequentially in each sub-section. For instance, in sub-section 6.2.4, “Ambient Air Quality,” Impact Analysis is numbered as 6.2.4.1, Mitigation measures are explained in sub-section 6.2.4.2, and so on. Chapter 7: Environmental Management and Monitoring This Chapter gives the detailed information on how an Environmental Management Plan or Programme seeks to achieve a required end state and describes how activities, that have or could have an adverse impact on the environment, would be mitigated, controlled, and monitored. This chapter highlights the specific requirements that will be monitored during the development and 1.13 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Introduction should the environmental impacts not have been satisfactory prevented or mitigated, corrective action will have to be taken. The Chapter also defines the arrangements that will be put in place to ensure that the mitigation measures are implemented by including recommendations of the roles and responsibilities of the project proponent, environmental management team and contractors. Chapter 8: Public Consultation This Chapter describes the outcome of the public consultation sessions held with different stakeholder groups and sequently focus group discussions were held with general water users, including householders in the towns and villages, farmers, and housewives that may be impacted by the project. The consultation process was carried out in accordance with the World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.01) on public consultation. Chapter 9: References This Chapter provides a bibliography both for referencing of National / International standards and general informative sources. Annexe This section provides the supplemental and processing documents circulated during the EIA studying period, e.g., TOR of the EIA Study, relevant WB policies, communications during the scoping process, and, etc. Exhibits The term ‘Exhibit’ in the report directly refers to the rough sketches and non-scale drawings to give more explicit physical information for the proposed Project corridor. Each exhibit is linked to its relevant Chapter with the chapter numbers. 1.14 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Project Description Chapter 2 2.1. The Scope of the Project The study area of the project for the rayon is identified in the relevant project appraisal document, and summarized for water supply investment as ‘based on the premise of providing water service to the entire urban centre plus adjacent villages and/or villages along the transmission mains’, and for the wastewater investment as ‘based on the design premise to connect the central business/apartments block district of each urban centre to a main sewage collector plus settlements close to this main sewage collector for transfer to a wastewater treatment plant’. The extent and borders of the project study area is the area, which has been determined by the Feasibility Consultant in Consultation with AWM OJSC, relevant local departments, and representatives of the local communities. 2.2. Brief Information about the Project Area 2.2.1. Summary Information about Azerbaijan Azerbaijan is a lower middle-income country with a gross national income per capita of $ 2.550 in 2008. Azerbaijan is rich in mineral resources, mainly oil and gas. The country also has fertile agricultural land and a well-educated labor force with a strong entrepreneurial tradition. The oil and gas sector contributes approximately one-third of GDP, while agriculture contributes about 9 percent but provides livelihoods to just under half of all households. Table 2,1; Statistical Information of the Country INDICATORS 2009* Population (millions) 8.6 Population Grouth (annual % ) 0,723 Life expectancy at birth, female ( years ) 71 Life expectancy at birth, male ( years ) 62.2 GDP ( current US $ ) ( billions )- puchasing parity 77,97 GDP grouth ( annual % ) 15,6 GNI (per capita) ( current US $ ) 2.550 Inflation Rate, consumer prices ( annual % ) 21,6 Budget Revenues ( US Dollars, $ Billion) 14,51 Expenditures (US Dollars, $ Billion) 15,66 Foreign direct investments, net inflow, ( % of GDP ) -2.94 Public Depth ( % of GDP ) 5,2 Debt External ( Billion Us Dollars-$, Dec. 31, 2008 ) 2.733 Reserves of foreign Exchange and Gold ( Billion US Dollars-$, Dec. 31, 2008 ) 8,5 Stock of direct foreign Investment- ( Billion At home 7,329 US Dollars-$, Est. 2008 ) Abroad 5,812 Currency code – Azerbaijani Manat AZN Exchange Rate , AZN / US Dollar ( Est. 2008) 0,8219 Unemployment Rate ( % of total labor force ) 8 Telephones main lines in use ( million ) 1,254 Telephones mobile cellular ( million ) 4,3 Imports ( Billion FOB, Est. 2008 ) 7,496 Imports-Commodities Machinary and equipment, oil products, foodstuffs, metals, chemicals Imports - Partners  Russia 17,6 %  Turkey 10,9 %  Germany 8,2 %  Ukrain 8,2 %  UK 7,2 %  Japan 5,2 %  China 4,9 % 2.1 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons -Kurdamir Project Description  US 4,7 % Time required to start a business ( Days ) 52 Internet Users ( per 100 people ) 12,04 * World Fact Book, 2009 Azerbaijan has 3 big cities, 23 towns with population of 20 000-100 000 people and 25 rayons with population of 5 000 -20 000 people. This project refers to water supply and sanitation sector of towns. Water supply and sanitation sector in Azerbaijan is characterized by institutional weakness, unsatisfactory work, obsolete and half destroyed physical infrastructure and big financial constraints. As a result, water treatment plants do not operate normally in majority of regions. Due to physically obsolete condition of water supply networks, water losses reach 25-50%. Not all subscribers are provided with network, and those who are provided, are supplied water for 5-12 hours per day ( even in capital city, Baku ). Sanitation system is not available in majority of Rayons, waste water is discharged without treatment to environment, water sources, relief, and topsoils (from sewers to sanitation wells) 2.2.2. Summary Information about the Kurdamir Rayon Geographical Location: The site is located in rayon Kurdamir of Azerbaijan, and specifically within the rayon centre city and surrounding. The rayon is situated in the Aran Economic region at the central part of Azerbaijan, and surrounded by Zardab and Ujar rayons in the west, Hajiqabul rayon in the east, and Sabirabad rayon in the south and east, and Agsu rayon in the north and northeast. The rayon has also short border lines with Ismayilli and Goychay rayons in the north and northwest. The rayon is located in the centre of Shirvan plain and bordered by Kura River in the south. The area of the rayon is characterized by fragments of hills, slopes and flatlands. Accumulative alluvial plains are more frequent in the south of this rayon. The relief of the project corridor varies between 110 masl (in the catchment area) and 0 masl (in the WWTP site south of the city). The relief of the city’s settled area changes between 0 – 10 masl. Rayon’s total population is 103,767 by 2009, and total rayon’s area is 1,632 square km. The rayon has one town (rayon centre Kurdamir city), and 61 villages. The rayon centre Kurdamir city’s population is 18,234 by 2009. Detailed information on the predicted population figures to be used in the systems design and the coverage areas of the water supply and sewage systems, is given in Chapter 2.4. Table 2,2; Statistical Information for Kurdamir rayon* RAYON : COMPONENTS KURDAMIR Location Republic of Azerbaijan Geo-Economic Region Aran Economic Region, Central Part of Azebaijan Topographical Conditions Fragments hills and accumulative alluvial plain, Kur river depression area, mainly Shirvan Plain. River Basin Mainly Lower Kur river basin. Area 1632 sq km Altitude 40 – (-) 12 Climate Dry summer, mild-hot, semi-desert and dry steppe. Min. and max. : 1.4 – 43 0 C Annual Precipitation 360 mm Local governing Local Executive Powers and Municipalities Population ( at the end of the year, 2009) 103,767 by 2009 Average population Growth rate (annually) Varies between 0.967 % and 0.382 % Rayon centre city Kurdamir city Economic Base Local commerce, crops growing, fruits and vegetables, mainly cotton, melon, potatoes, peanut, grapes, fruits, small scale cattle and small cattle growing, light and medium industries, and small scale workshops Public Airport No Gross Domestic product per capita, 2009 1620 AZN / Year * Sources: (i) Republic of Azerbaijan, State Statistic Committee, and Kurdamir rayon department. 2.2 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Project Description Map 2,1 – Administrative map of rayon 2.3 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons -Kurdamir Project Description 2.3. Proposed Water Supply and Sanitation (WSS) Investment for the Rayon The information about WSS investment that is being considered to be implemented in the rayon has been provided by consulting the Feasibility Consultant, Feasibility Study, and AWM OJSC (Client) of Azerbaijan. Most of the technical information set forth in this EIA report for the WSS systems is condensed from the Feasibility Study, the interim decisions of the technical crew of AWM OJSC, and the surveying reports and findings of the EIA study teams. The hydrological and hydrogeological investigations of the Feasibility Consultant’s teams on the preferred raw water source are conducted within the EIA performance period. Meantime, the Feasibility Consultant has conducted a water sampling campaign for the preferred water source (with sub-surface water from Kulullu HIGDU). The raw water samples taken by Azecolab Company, who is subcontractor of the Feasibility Consultant, have been tested at the laboratories of the subcontractor in March 10, 2011. According to current legislature and regulations of Azerbaijan, and the agreements implemented between the Government of Azerbaijan and World Bank, the projections and design of the water and wastewater systems will be established upon Azerbaijan and international best practice to ensure compliances in accordance with the current engineering and operational norms. The below criteria have been taken advantage of system projections and design. Table 2,3: Assumptions for Systems Design ASPECT ASSUMPTIONS Projection Assumption Planing horizon 20 years (2010 – 2030) Population level Growth rates compatible with the local context Water consumption, Per capita 150 liters per day per person per day, lpcpd ( l / day ) Water Supply System Source Development Development of new resources Type To be preferred by way of gravity Quality of Water (Treatment ) European Council Directive 98/83/EC Storage Capacity Attaining 100% of average daily peak demand, including non-residential demand, wastage and leakages Design Elements Alternative water resources, parallel treatment streams, main pipe loops, distribution pipes without dead ends, back-up power generation, etc Pressure at customer Conn. Between 2 – 3 bar Wastewater System Scope Municipal Sanitary sewers only ( storm water system is not included in this project) Wastewater treatment shall meet effluent standards according to Council Directive 91/ 271/ EEC Effluent Satndards on Urban Waste Water Treatment (UWWTP), but phased in be compared the developing regulations and conditions in Azerbaijan, e.g. plant design shall meet EU member state standards (comparable with the smallest settlement/ treatment plant size category) for, - BOD5-Biochemical Oxygen Demand (25 mg/l) - COD-Chemical Oxygen Demand (125 mg/l) - TSS-Total Suspended Solids (35mg/l) - N- Nitrogen, no yet, but may be anticipated in plant design for integration All effluent parameters are defined in the EU UWWTP directive, - P- Phosphorus, no yet, but may be anticipated in plant design for integration All effluent parameters are defined in the EU UWWTP directive, Non-Domestic Sewage Factories Effluent water quality standards are not applied to factories discharging wastewater into the sewage system, 2.4 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Project Description Application of the Standards Effluent water quality standards, or regulation of the total discharge load, are applied to a Municipal Treatment Plant (WWTP), Precaution Waste Water Treatment plant will use the activated sludge process. This process will not remove heavy metals such as cadmium and refractory organic chemicals from wastewater. Therefore, heavy metals and refractory organic compounds should be removed from wastewater before discharge into the sewage system. Compliance Compliance with Azerbaijan and international best practice regarding civil, hydraulic, Facilities & Equipment mechanical and electrical engineering norms for site selection, treatment processes and facilities dimensioning: Operational Variations Materials and components suitable for healthy operations in rural, remote locations with extreme temperature variations (-30oC to 50oC) and continental weather Design incorporates practical and uncomplicated technology, which reflects existing local Technology capabilities for operations & maintenance, and enables cost-effective running of the entire system. Minimize or even avoid the use of electrical components (e.g. gravity over pumping Power Supply transmission/ distribution/ collection) according to cost, limited availability of electricity Table2,4: Regulations and Standards for the Project ACCOMPANY TO RELEVANT LOCAL REGULATION TO ASPECT PRECEDENCE TO REGULATION LEGISLATION Contractual Issues  Foreseen Conditions at the NWSS Project Agreements done between Azerbaijan Government and WB- IBRD  Worl Bank Policy-Procurement ( OP 11) Technical Issues  World Bank Policy- Projects on International Waterways ( OP 7.50 )  World Bank Policy- Water Resources Management ( OP 4.07) Dam Safety  World Bank Policy- Safety of Dams ( OP 4.37 ) MDG ‘ s Target  Millenium Decleration signed by 191 countries including Azebaijan, 2000 Water Access and Rights  Water code of Azerbaijan Drinking Water Quality  The Water code of Azerbaijan Republic  Law of Azerbaijan Republic on Water  Europian Union Drinking Water Economy of Municipalities Standards, Council Directive 98/83  Cabinet of Ministers of Azerbaijan Republic EC ( 3 November 1998 ), see Decree No: 50 ( Regulation on Regularity of Annex-3. Payment for Water use in Azerbaijan Republic ) Waste Water Treatment & Effluent / EU Standards, EU Council, Urban Waste Water  Article 44 of Azerbaijan Water Supply and Discharge Quality Treatment Directive ( UWWTP ) 91 / 271 /EC ( Wastewater Law for pre-treatment of 21 May, 1991 ), see Annex-3. wastewater prior to release into the community sewerage network (determined based on application to service provider regarding endangerment of health, property or operation & maintenance of wastewater system assets)  Cabinet of Ministers Decree No. 74 (of 21 April 2005) regarding latrines for properties not connected to the community sewerage network  WWTP system principles and design parameters, treatment technology ( extended aeration ) and effluent standards 2.5 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Project Description  Wastewater treatment plants: SNIP 2.04.03- Construction - Water Treatment 85. issued by the State Committee for Standards Plant Construction in 1985  EN  Water treatment plants: SNIP (construction - Waste Water  BS norms and regulations) 2.04.02-84. issued by  DIN Treatment Plants  ASTM the State Committee for Construction in 1985,  Building & Electrical codes (Order of State  AWWA - Building Codes Building and Architecture Committee № 137  USEPA dated June 24, 2004 and the Order of Standardization, Meteorology and Patents Agency № 054 dated July 29, 2004) 2.4. Proposed Water Supply System and Criteria 2.4.1. Service Area and Water Demand Projection Service Area The drinkable water supply scheme for the rayon has been envisaged to conclude the additional twelve (50 percent of Atakishili, 50 percent of Xirdapay, Shimli, Degirmenli, Murtullu, Yenikend, Topalhasanli, Shahseven, Qagachli, Qarqochak, Goydellekli and Arabmehdibey) villages located on the course of the treated water transmission main. However, the piped water supply network will include only 50 % of Atakishili and 50 % of Xirdapay villages together with the rayon centre city. Altough other villages said above will be provided treated drinkable water, no piped network for water supply system is included into the project’s scope. These villages have own drinkable water distribution reservoir and own piped network. Because of the fact that the development plan of Kurdemir Municipality contains some adjacent areas which belong administratively to the villages Xirdapay (West) and Atakishili (East), these villages are concluded into the sewage collection system. AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan, the local officials and relevant departments of the rayon have agreed with this scheme during the initial project evaluation period. The predicted population figures for the service area of water supply, wastewater and wastewater treatment plant including the adjacent areas are given below. Table 2,5: Predicted Population Figures used in the Systems Design Kurdemir Population Values in Future The Water Supplied Year Population Water Distribution Sewerage Served Growth Rate (vicinity villages network (vicinity (vicinity vilages vilages included 2) included 2) included 1) 2009 - 41.908 23.159 23.159 2015 0,967 44.399 24.536 24.536 2020 0,859 46.339 25.608 25.608 2025 0,583 47.706 26.363 26.363 2030 0,382 48.624 26.870 26.870 1 Shihimli, Degirmenli, Murtullu, Yenikend, Topalhasanli, Shahseven, Qagaclı, Qaraqocak, Xırdapay, Atakishili, Goydellekli and Arabmehdibey villages, IDP’s 2 50 % of Xırdapay and Atakishili villages and IDP’s Source: Feasibility Consultant. 2.6 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons -Kurdamir Project Description Water Demand Projection The essential elements of water demand include average daily water consumption and peak rate of demand. The average daily water consumption must be estimated for two reasons:  To determine the ability of the water source to meet continuing demands over critical periods when the flows of source are low or groundwater tables are at minimum elevations,  For purposes of estimating quantities of stored water that would satisfy demands during the critical periods. The peak demand rates must be estimated in order to determine plumbing and pipe sizing, pressure losses, and storage requirements necessary to supply sufficient water during periods of peak water demand. Also the non-residential water demand in the rayon should be assessed, and which are;  Institutional water demand,  Commercial water demand,  Industrial water demand. The average daily water supply system demand in the year of 2030 is calculated in detail based on the data of the proposed service area and foreseen population levels by the Feasibility Consultant. Table 2,6: Daily Raw and Recovered Water Demand by Planning Horizon 2030 Planning Horizon Unit 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Existing Planning Horizon AVERAGE DAILY DEMAND l/s 68.49 97.86 101.56 104.20 107.55 of the Water Supply System, as recovered m3/d 5,917 8,455 8,775 9,003 9,292 water, Kurdamir city plus twelve villages Source: Feasibility Consultant. According to Feasibility Consultant’s population forecast, the service area population for water supply system will be 48,624 by 2030 taking into consideration the average annual 0.6978 % growth rate (incremental growth rates vary gradually as 0.967, 0.859, 0.583, and 0.382 % between 2010 and 2030 respectively). The raw water to be captured by HIGDU for Water Supply System of Kurdamir will be approximately 25-30 % more than demand flows taking into account of loss of water during the cleaning cycles and conveying the water to WTP. The following table shows the required raw water demand to be captured from the Catchment. Table 2,7: Daily Raw Water Demand by Planning Horizon 2030 Kurdamir city plus two villages Settlements l/s Daily required actual water demand for settlements, 107.55 Loss of water during the cleaning cycles, wastages and 32.26 leakages, 25-30 % of Daily required water demand Total 139.81 Source: Feasibility Consultant. 2.7 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Project Description 2.4.2. Potential Raw Water Source Evaluation in the Feasibility Study Three alternative catchment areas are evaluated by the Feasibility Consultant for providing the drinkable water of the proposed water supply service area in consultation with AWM OJSC and local officials. Two alternatives (alternative 1 and 2) offer to use of sub-surface lateral water from Kulullu HIGD for the raw water requirements of the water supply system. The required raw water will be diverted by a Horizontal Infiltration Gallery Diversion Unit (HIGDU) to be built in the same site as the old one nearby Kullullu village. The new HIGDU will be located at about 170 masl. The raw water will be transferred to the WTP site which is located at about 89 masl in the upper levels of Arabmehdibey village in Agsu rayon. The land of this site is owned by the SuKanal Department of Kurdamir rayon. However there is an existing reservoir with a volume of 250 cum which will be demolished prior to construction of new water reservoir, as well as some other constructions owned by Kurdemir Sukanal Department. The treated water will be conveyed to the Kurdemir city and vicinity villages located on the course of the treated water transmission main. The treated drinkable water can be conveyed to the proposed service area by the gravity in these two alternatives. The third alternative in the Feasibility Study offers to use of surface water of Girdimanchay river by a Surface Water Diversion Unit (SWDU) to be constructed at about 44 masl in the upper levels of Goydellekli village. The raw water diverted from the river will be conveyed to WTP which will be located nearby Goydellekli village at about 37 masl. A service road having a length of 3.25 km and width of 6 m will be rehabilitated in order to have an efficient access to the site in this alternative. The land of WTP has been owned by Kurdemir Sukanal Department however there are some ruins which need to be demolished prior to construction. However, Alternative 2 is preferred as raw water source for the project by the Feasibility Consultant in consultation with AWM OJSC and local officials. The detailed explanations on the preferred raw water source is given on Chapter 3, and also an assessment of this and possible alternatives is given in Chapter 4. 2.4.3. Water Supply Network and Facilities The Project will be conceived in a branched system up to the piped network area in order to supply drinkable water by a transmission main and feeder mains to convey the water to all proposed service area. The Basic Components of the Water Supply System are; 1. Raw Water Catchment supply (Water Intake Structure) at the spring area (Kulullu Springs area) at about 170 masl, 2. Construction of a raw water transmission main from the catchment area to WTP and Reservoir site, approx. 5.3 km in length, 3. Construction of a WTP which will be located in the upperlevels of Arabmehdibey village at about 89 masl. 4. Construction of a reservoir which has the drinkable water storage capacity of 6000 cum in the WTP site, 5. Construction of a treated water transmission main, approx. 41 km in length and 560 – 500 mm in diameter, 6. Rehabilitation of the exisiting tranmission main, approx. 24.5 km in length and 315 mm in diameter. 2.8 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Project Description 7. Construction of the Feeder Mains inside the city to convey the drinkable water up to zonal distribution tank (existing elevated tank to be rehabilitated), 8. Construction of the Distribution Mains for piped network. Water Treatment First parameter for the treatment of raw water into drinking water should be to meet the requirements of European Council directives (Directive 98/83/EC) in respect of the microbiological, turbidity, and monitoring parameters. The Feasibility Consultant is proposed a simple WTP scheme which comprises of disinfection processes with chlorine dioxide. The following facilities are also recommended by the FS consultant for providing the continuous operation of the system in the WTP site within the scope of this project;  Connections to the rayon power grid,  Transformers, surge protection-stabilizers and automation controls,  Generators for back-up power supply are necessary in the long run, as stand-by power supply. 2.4.4. Water Supply System Design Criteria The following table shows the proposed minimum design criteria for Water Supply System foreseen in rayon; Table 2,8: Minimum Design Criteria for Water Supply System PARAMETERS VALUE SOURCE 1 Residential water demand ( RWD 150 l / day, without losses daily FS Consultant ) 2 Institutional water demand 5 % of residential water demand FS Consultant 3 Commercial water demand 5 % of residential water demand FS Consultant 4 Industrial water demand 5 % of residential water demand Recommendation 5 Peak hour factor (PHF) 1.30 FS Consultant 6 Peak daily factor (PDF) 4 hours FS Consultant 7 Minimum recovered water 9,292 cum/day FS Consultant storage capacity for the drinkable distribution tank 8 Minimum diameter 25 mm – in a building service connection Recommendation 9 Minimum cover 900 mm Recommendation 10 Minimum flow velocity 0.60 m/s Recommendation 11 Maximum flow velocity 3 m/s Recommendation 12 Wastage factor 5 % of residential water demand Recommendation 13 Leakage factor 10 % of residential water demand Recommendation 14 Stop valves İn each 200 meters of distribution main, Recommendation and at each branch from the main pipe 2.9 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Project Description 15 Washout valves At the lowest end point of the distribution Recommendation mains, and at each intersection of downstream and upstream point of transmission main and feeder mains. 16 Air release valves At each high point of the intersection Recommendation between upstream and downstream on the transmission main, feeder mains and distribution mains. 17 Fire hydrants At each 140 m of distribution mains in the Recommendation residential area, and at each 100 m of distribution mains in the commercial area. 18 Water meters At each customer connection Recommendation 19 Bulk water meters At each intersection of transmission main Recommendation and feeder main, and at the intake facility of water treatment plant, and at the oulet of drinkable water distribution tank. FS ; means ‘Feasibility Consultant’ Recommendation; Recommendations from EIA Team. 2.5. Proposed Sewage System and Criteria According to Feasibility Consultant, redesigning the entire wastewater collection system alternative for Kurdamir city, is presented as a single option. A new WWTP will be constructed along Baku – Tbilisi Highway between highway and railway east of the city. The whole sewage system will consist of the sewer pipelines (interceptor, collector and lateral), the manholes, and a WWTP. 2.5.1. Wastewater Service Area and Wastewater Generation The wastewater service area corresponding to SNWSS project investment option and wastewater generation for actual and future inhabitants in the area of study is presented by the Feasibility Consultant, and summarized below; 2.10 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Project Description Table 2,9: Wastewater Generation for Actual and Future Inhabitants in Study Area 2009 2010 2013 2015 2020 2025 2030 Planning Horizon Unit Available Existing Start of 2015 2020 2025 Planning Data WWTP Horizon Kurdemir Population Kurdemir cap. 18.234 18.410 18.950 19.318 20.162 20.757 21.156 Annual growth rate % p.a. 0,967 0,967 0,967 0,859 0,583 0,382 Kurdemir (rounded) cap. 18.410 18.950 19.320 20.160 20.760 21.160 Population Xırdapay (50 %) cap. 2.900 2.928 3.013 3.072 3.206 3.301 3.364 Annual growth rate % p.a. 0,967 0,967 0,967 0,859 0,583 0,382 Xırdapay (rounded) cap. 2.930 3.010 3.070 3.210 3.300 3.360 Population Atakishili (50 %) cap. 740 747 769 783 818 842 858 Population Annual growth rate % p.a. 0,967 0,967 0,967 0,859 0,583 0,382 Atakishili (rounded) cap. 750 770 780 820 840 860 Population IDP's cap. 1.286 1.298 1.336 1.362 1.422 1.464 1.492 Annual growth rate % p.a. 0,967 0,967 0,967 0,859 0,583 0,382 IDP's (rounded) cap. 1.300 1.340 1.360 1.420 1.460 1.490 Population Additional PE cap. 151 152 157 160 167 172 175 Annual growth rate % p.a. 0,967 0,967 0,967 0,859 0,583 0,382 Additional PE (rounded) cap. 150 160 160 170 170 180 Population cap. 23.310 23.535 24.225 24.696 25.775 26.535 27.045 Annual growth rate % p.a. 0,967 0,967 0,967 0,859 0,583 0,382 TOTAL Population (rounded) cap. 23.540 24.220 24.700 25.770 26.530 27.050 Specific drinking water consumption per capita l/ca*d 92 127 150 150 150 150 without losses Kmax-day - 1,30 1,30 1,30 1,30 1,30 1,30 Specific drinking water consumption per capita Design Criteria l/ca*d 120 165 195 195 195 195 without losses daily Wastewater Generation Rate % 0,90 0,90 0,90 0,90 0,90 0,90 Specific wastewater generation per capita l/ca*d 108 176 176 176 176 176 Wastewater Connection Rate % 10 50 80 100 100 100 Kmax-hour - 1,495 1,495 1,495 1,495 1,495 1,495 Specific infiltration dry weather (Sinf,dw) % of Qs 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 Specific infiltration wet weather (Sinf,ww) % of Qs,max 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 Specific industrial water consumption l/PE*d 100 100 100 100 100 100 3 Daily Domestic wastewater (Qave,dmax) m /d 2.542 4.264 4.346 4.536 4.670 4.760 Domestic and Industrial flows and Infiltration 3 Peak flow domestic wastewater (Qave,max) m /h 158 266 271 283 291 297 Population equivalent for industry PE 4.650 4.724 4.773 4.895 5.018 5.140 3 Daily industrial wastewater (Qind) m /d 465 472 477 490 502 514 Peak flow industrial wastewater (Qind,max) 3 m /h 39 39 40 41 42 43 (12 hours operation) 3 Daily infiltration (Qinf=Qs * Sinf,dw)) m /d 51 521 791 1.005 1.034 1.055 3 Peak flow infiltration (Qinf,max) m /h 2,1 21,7 33,0 41,9 43,1 44,0 3 Wet weather infiltration (Qinf,ww = Qs,max * Sinf,ww) m /h 16 172 256 323 333 339 DAILY SEWAGE FLOW 3 m /d 254 2.604 3.954 5.026 5.172 5.274 Wastewater Flow Rates for (Qs=Qave,dmax+Qind) l/s 2,94 30,14 45,77 58,17 59,86 61,04 3 PEAK SEWAGE FLOW (Qs,max=Qave,max+Qind,max) m /h 16 172 256 323 333 339 l/s 4,40 47,82 71,21 89,82 92,42 94,26 DRY WEATHER FLOW 3 m /d 305 3.125 4.745 6.031 6.206 6.329 Design (Qdwf= Qs + (Qs * Sinf,dw)) l/s 3,53 36,17 54,92 69,80 71,83 73,25 MAX HOURLY DRY WEATHER FLOW 3 m /h 18 194 289 365 376 383 (Qmdwf=Qs,max + Qinf,max) l/s 4,99 53,85 80,37 101,46 104,39 106,47 DESIGN FLOW FOR SEWAGE 3 m /h 32 344 513 647 665 679 MAX HOURLY WET WEATHER FLOW (Qdes=Qmwwf= Qs,max + Qinf,ww) l/s 8,80 95,64 142,43 179,65 184,85 188,52 Source: Feasibility Consultant Effluent Quality Discharge Standards Processed wastewater in the treatment plant must be in consistent with the effluent quality standards in accordance with the European Council Directive 97/271/EEC May. The values of the allowable maximum effluent concentrations are on the table below; 2.11 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Project Description Table 2,10: Council Directive 97/271/EC Parameters Maximum Effluent Concentration BOD5 - Biochemical Oxygen Demand 25 mg /l COD – Chemical Oxygen Demand 125 mg / l TSS – Total Suspended Solids 35 mg /l TN- Total Nitrogene 15 mg / l TP – Total Phosphorus 2 mg / l Typical Chacteristics of Domestic Wastewater Table 2,11: Typical Characteristics of a Domestic Wastewater* Component Concentration BOD5 - Biochemical Oxygen Demand 225 m /l Total COD – Chemical Oxygen Demand 475 mg / l as COD TSS – Total Suspended Solids 125 mg /l N – Nitrogene (Ammonia) 35 mg / l , as N TKN- Total Kjeldahl Nitrogene 60 mg / l , as N Nitrate-N 0,00 mg / l , as N Alkalinity 200 mg / l , as CaCO3 VSS 100 mg / l * Estimation of kinetic parameters of heterotrophic biomass under aerobic conditions and characterization of wastewater, Water Science and Technology, 1992. Standards to be used for Wastewater Analysis All effluent parameters are defined in the EU Council Directive 97/221/EC (UWWTP Directive) and in particular Tables 1 and 2 of Annex I. The required sampling methodologies, frequencies, and “number of permissible failures” are also stipulated in the UWWT Directive, especially in Article 15 and Annex-I (Part D and Table 3). For example, according to the number of population equivalents in Kurdamir, 12 samples are required per annum. 2.5.2. Sewage Network Design Criteria Table 2,12: Sanitary Sewer Collection Network Design Criteria PARAMETERS VALUE 1 Design factor 0,.9 2 0,002 cum/sq.m/day Infiltration allowance 3 Minimum diameter 0.2 m ( 200 mm) for collector sewers and laterals, 0.15 m (150 mm) for house connections 4 Minimum cover 1.50 m 5 Minimum velocity 0.60 m/s 6 Maximum velocity 3 m/s 7 Self-cleaning velocity 0.60 m/ s 2.5.3. Sewage Network Components Sewage Network Components The Basic Components of the sewage network are:  Interceptor Sewer, 2.12 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Project Description  Collector Sewers,  Force mains,  Lift Stations (14 Nos Pump stations),  Lateral Mains,  Wastewater Treatment Plant. Wastewater Treatment The wastewater treatment plant that is to be constructed for Kurdamir will be considered a mechanical-biological type with extended aeration-activated sludge technology, which is the beneficiary concept, and herein after called ‘’ WWTP ‘’. An extended aeration process with sludge drying beds for the proposed WWTP is selected by the Feasibility Consultant as project proposal for the treatment of wastewater of Kurdamir city. Figure 2,1: Proposed Process Scheme for Kurdamir WWTP (Source, Feasibility Consultant) According to Feasibility Consultant, the proposed WWTP will have three main processes and which are;  Mechanical (Primary) Treatment Process,  Biological Treatment (Secondary) Process, and  Sludge Treatment (Stabilization) Process. Mechanical (Primary) Treatment Process The main components of Mechanical Treatment process are below;  Inlet pumping station,  Faecal sludge acceptance station,  Fine Screen,  Aerated Grit and Grease removal, Biological (Secondary) Treatment Process The main components of Biological Treatment process are below;  Activated sludge tanks,  Final sedimentation tank, and  Return and excess sludge pumping station. 2.13 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Project Description Sludge Stabilization Process  Gravity Pre- thickener, and  Sludge drying beds. Sludge Stabilization The sludge disposal solution is dependent on the quality of raw wastewater and resulting sludge. The wastewater law enables the disconnection or pre-treatment of detrimental waste waters from the municipal wastewater system. Therefore, it will be based on the assumption that only domestic- strength sewage will be delivered to the treatment plant. The Feasibility Consultant also recommends a power back-up facility and administration complex including laboratory and workshop for the proposed WWTP. The following table shows the proposed minimum design criteria given by the Feasibility Consultant for WWTP; Table 2,13: Design Criteria for WWTP Item Symbol Unit Number Planning Horizon -- Year 2030 Population Equivalents to WWTP -- PE 41,000 Inlet Flows: Daily Dry Weather Flow Qd m³/d 6,313 Peak Dry Weather Flow Qt m³/h 383 Peak Wet Weather Flow qm m³/h 679 Inlet Loads: Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOD5 kg/d 2,028 Chemical Oxygen Demand COD kg/d 3,732 Total Nitrogen N,tot kg/d 303 Total Phosphorus P,tot kg/d 51 Total Suspended Solids TS kg/d 2,164 Max. Effluent Concentrations: Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOD5 mg/l 25 Chemical Oxygen Demand COD mg/l 125 Total Nitrogen N,tot mg/l 15 Total Phosphorus P,tot mg/l -- Total Suspended Solids TS mg/l 35 Temperatures: Dimensioning Temperature WW -- °C 17 Max. Temperature Wastewater -- °C 27 Max. Temperature Air -- °C 43 Sludge Treatment: Minimum Dry Solids Content DS % 20-40 Max. Organic Dry Solids Content ODS % 45-55 Source: Feasibility Consultant. Location of Wastewater Treatment Plant Regarding the selection of a site for the wastewater treatment facility, several factors must be considered, such as floodplains, soils, receiving body, proximity to existing settlements, power supply, and etc. Further, a site must have sufficient area (estimated at about 4 - 6 ha.) for expansion of the facility to provide full coverage of the ultimate service area. Location alternatives of the proposed WWTP are discussed and assessed in Chapter 4 of EIA. 2.14 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Project Description 2.6. Project Implementation, Construction and Commissioning Table 2,14: Estimated Project Implementation Schedule Years Dates Milestones Procurement Approx. 2010 2011 2012 2013 First half Sec. half First half Sec. Half First half Sec. Half First half Sec. Half 1 Feasibility Study 2 Bidding of contractors (ICB) EIA (Environmental Impact 3 Assessment) Contractor’s Mobilization, Site 3 90 days Investigations and Design Works 4 Actual Construction Period 450 days Partial Operations, and 180 days 5 Supervision Trainings, within the actual 450 days 6 construction 7 Inspection and Commissioning 90 days 8 Handing over process 90 days 9 Defects Liability Period 365 days Notice to Proceed Procurement for the Design and Build Contract will be according to open and transparent procedures for international competitive bidding. Some key conditions and considerations regarding the final type of procurement selected to include:  Pre-qualification: AWM OJSC will ensure the companies with necessary capacity, expertise and experience – only these companies will participate in competitive bidding.  Two stage bidding: Evaluation of the technical proposals will be done first, and all companies which pass the technical evaluation will be asked to prepare a financial proposal.  Selection criteria will be financial qualification, price and equally technical qualification.  Project management mechanism: contracts shall be organized by CM (Construction Management) Contractor under authority of AWM OJSC to make overall project management more efficient with fewer contractors.  Type of Bid Documents: SIPE – Supply and Installation of Plant & Equipment vs. Procurement of Works; both are compatible with the envisioned Design and Build approach and final selection will be made by AWM OJSC in cooperation with the World Bank. Bidding under World Bank loans is allowed in all currencies of their member countries. However, AWM OJSC will request bidders to specify which part of the bid will be paid in local currency – to lessen the currency exchange risk (but this factor cannot be part of the evaluation process). All currencies will be converted to one currency for the bid evaluation process. Permits and Approvals All final approvals for detailed design, construction permits will be issued by AWM OJSC. In the progress follow up, commissioning-acceptances of the construction activities will be performed by AWM OJSC. 2.15 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Project Description Project Implementation will require the following national and local approvals;  Water allocation (re) application to AWM OJSC (regarding allocation from an irrigation system).  Abstraction Permits  Application to energy utility for electrical facilities.  Application and allocation land required for facilities and road construction for WTP, WWTP, and other system requirements including acquisition (if required).  Building permits from the municipality(ies) of the rayon. Water Access and Rights All water access and rights of ground water, spring water and surface water in the rayon belong to Government of Azerbaijan, and are operated by AWM OJSC and Regional Kurdamir Irrigation Department. All water access, water allocations, abstraction permits and discharge consents will be issued by Government of Azerbaijan, and will be executed by AWM OJSC. 2.16 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline Chapter 3 Overview Land Tenure and Land Use in Azerbaijan Since Azerbaijan gained its independence, the legislation regarding land tenure, land markets and land registers has thoroughly changed. Accordingly, structures in land ownership and land use have diversified. Now, three forms of land ownership exist in Azerbaijan; 1. State ownership 2. Public (municipal) ownership 3. Private ownership In Azerbaijan a municipality is a local self-governing institution. The municipalities have their own property, budget and election bodies. The municipal land includes land for diferent purposes and reserve stock land. State ownership covers land on which governmental authorities, property of state importance or military estates are located. Also, mineral or water resources and areas of nature protection belong to the state and cannot be privatised. All forms of ownership possess equal rights and are protected by the state. Land can only be purchased by Azerbaijani citizens; foreign persons or organizations can merely lease land. This Chapter provides an overview of the localized land use categorization, socio-economic environment, physical, biological, ecological, cultural and historical environment of the project. The baseline area surveyed extends up to 50 m on both sides of the proposed locations in terms of the physical environment, and up to 500 m in terms of biological and ecological environment, see Exhibit 3,1. These features and values will include, to the extent applicable, but not necessarily limited to;  Land Use and Categorization  Socio-economic Environment  Physical Environment  Ambient Air Quality  Noise Levels  Ecological Resources  Cultural and Historical Environment 3.1. Land Use Classification in Kurdamir City and Surroundings 3.1.1. Land Use Category The land use Category in Kurdamir city and surroundings can be typically agreed as Category ‘’ Mixed Urban or Built-up’’ land. Urban or Built-up Land in Kurdamir city is comprised of areas of intensive use with much of the land covered by structures. Included in this category are strip developments along main transportation routes (Baku – Tbilisi highway – M4 and Kurdamir – Agsu road), power, and communications facilities, and areas such as those occupied by mills, shopping centers, industrial and commercial complexes, and institutions that, in some instances, are isolated from urban areas. As 3.1 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline development progresses, land having less intensive or nonconforming use are located in the mid of Urban or Builtup areas in the city and will generally be included in this category. See Exhibit 3,8. Kurdamir city: Residential, commercial, industrial, and occasionally other land uses are included. Farmsteads intermixed with strip or cluster settlements are included within the built-up land, but other agricultural land uses are excluded. The residential land uses range represents two types of structures in urban core area of Kurdamir city. The general residential uses range is ‘’medium density’’ where houses are located on lots less than 1000 sqm, and the multiple unit structures which have 4-5 floors are densed in the rayon centre. The residential strips generally have no uniform size and spacing of structures, linear driveways, and lawn areas in the urban core area; the commercial strips have buildings of different sizes and spacing, large driveways, and parking areas. Residential development along does not exist along Baku - Tbilisi highway. Linear residential developments along the transportation route extending outward from the urban area do not exist along the main axis of the transportation routes. 3.1.2. Commercial Land Uses The central business districts in Kurdamir city are commonly densed along Baku – Tbilisi highway and Babek street which lies from north to south through the city. The business districts include some institutions and local administrative buildings, schools, and some residential units. They are often abutted by residential or other contrasting uses, which help define them. There is no separate category for recreational land uses is pervasive throughout any other land uses. 3.1.3. Industrial Land Uses There is no heavy industrial land use in and around the rayon centre Kurdamir city. Four public and 12 light industrial enterprises exist in the city. Concrete based constructional goods maintenance and carpet weaving are the main small and light industrial sectors in and surrounding the rayon centre. Several small scale workshops and bakeries, which are located between the residential and administrative units that are listed below, also exist in the city. Currently, more than 250 ownership entities dealt with minor business activity exist in the rayon.  Car repair shops,  Wrought iron workshops,  Small Bakeries,  Wooden workshops, etc.  Workshops for repairing and maintenance of the agricultural machinaries,  Workshops for ornate metal roofing. 3.2. Socio-economic Environment Rayon’s total population is 103,767 by 2009, and total rayon’s area is 1,632 square km. The rayon has one town (rayon centre Kurdamir city), and 61 villages. The rayon centre Kurdamir city’s population is 18,234 by 2009. The development plan of Kurdemir Municipality contains some adjacent areas which belong administratively to the villages Xirdapay (West) and Atakishili (East). The population of the full service area is 23,159 (inhabitants) by 2009, including 100 % of Kurdamir city and half part of Xirdapay and Atakishili villages. 3.2 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline The project corridor passes through an area that collectively sustains almost 40% of the rayon's population for water supply and 22% for sewage collection systems. 3.2.1. Administration Rayon’s administrative departments are listed below;  REP-Rayon Executive Powers  Municipalities  Rayon Police Department  Construction Department  Electric Department  Road Exploitation Office  Rayon Public Utility Department  Rayon Emergency Situation Department  Rayon Land and Cartography Department  Rayon Agricultural Department  Rayon Forest Department  Communication Department (Post Office)  Rayon SuKanal Department  Rayon Health Department  Rayon Sanitary and Epidemiological Department  Veterinary Institution A comprehensive information about the Ministries and Departments, which will be involved to the Project during the Implementation, Pre-construction, Construction, and Operation Period, is given in Chapter 1. Therefore, herein it will be satisfied with this information to avoid unnecessary repetitions. 3.2.2. Main Economic Activities The main economic activity is agriculture. Althogh 84,000 hectares of arable land exist in the rayon, 55,800 hectares of land are cultivated. The main crops in the rayon are cotton, melons, potatoes, corn, sunflower, peanut, grapes, alfalfa, and some kinds of fruits. Four public, 12 light industrial enterprises and 22 agricultural businesses exist in the city. Artifial irrigation is densed by intensive irrigation network in the rayon. 64,900 hectares of pasture exist in rayon. 3,800 hectares of orchards exist in the homestead lands. The majority of the farms is spread in the parts of Kur river banks. However, the great part of the plain area is not used as arable lands. A fragrant of desert-wine is produced in the region. Cattle-breeding is based on pastures in the rayon. The number of livestock is 369,655 including small cattles (sheep and goats) in the rayon. However, the stockbreeders in the city have 60,983 cattle and 127,397 small cattles (sheep and goats). The rayon is also engaged the poultry breeding. The regional governmental development program (approved Decree dated April 14, 2009) for the period of 2010 - 2013 has focused on measures of expansion of industrial and agricultural production, road industry and transport, electric power – heating – gas supply, improvement of communication services, and on the various public services specific for Kurdamir rayon, and those are the followings;  Supporting development of cotton, wheat growing, cattle breeding, poultry and other agricultural products, 2009 – 2013, Ministry of Agriculture.  Carrying out measures on search and exploration of construction related raw material deposits (brick, clay, gravel etc.), 2010 – 2012, MENR  Repairing local motor-roads and construct bridges, 2010 – 2013, MOT.  Laying asphalts on roads of streets, 2010 – 2013, Local Executive Power.  Constructing new sub-stations and connecting them into the network within the rayon, 2010 – 2013, “Azerenergy” OJSC. 3.3 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline  Reconstructing electric power transmission networks in the rayon, 2010 – 2013, “Azerenergy” OJSC.  Improving, restoring and ensuring gas supply to settlements of the rayon, 2009 – 2013, “Azerigas” CJSC.  Reconstructing ATSs in the center and rural areas based on modern technologies, construct new ATSs and post building, 2011 – 2012, Ministry of Communication and Information Technologies.  Reconstructing water supply and sanitation systems in Kurdamir town, 2009 – 2013, AWM OJSC.  Improving water supply in villages, 2010 – 2013, “Azersu” OJSC.  Improving water supply and ameliorative status of irrigated lands in the rayon, 2009 – 2013, AWM OJSC.  Repairing and constructing health care facilities in the rayon and provide them with equipment, 2010 – 2012, Ministry of Health.  Repairing, reconstructing and constructing cultural facilities in the rayon, 2009 – 2012, Ministry of Culture and Tourism.  Constructing sport-health facilities in the rayon, 2011 -2013, Ministry of Youth and Sport.  Thoroughly repairing education facilities and constructing additional classrooms and school buildings in the rayon, 2009 – 2012, Ministry of Education 3.2.3. Transportation The rayon centre Kurdamir city is located at the 189th km of Baku – Tbilisi highway. Road Exploitation Office (REO) of the rayon reports that the Rights of Way (RoW) of the highway is 60 m (30 m + 30 m according the road center line). REO reports that the traffic in line with Kurdamir is currently at about 7500 – 8000 vehicle per day (vpd) on the highway. 55 km of Baku – Tbilisi highway section and 54 km of Baku-Tbilisi railway section travel in the rayon area. Old airport is dilapidated, and its land is used for other purposes. There are railway station and land transportation terminal buildings inside city. See Annex-6. 3.2.4. Key Socio-economic and Demographic Indicators of the Project Area The following table shows the key socio-economic and demographic indicators for the rayon; Table 3,1: Key socio-economic indicators of the Project area Indicators Item Detail Service Area Rayon Population 41,908 for water supply by 2009, and 23,159 for sewage Total 103,767 by 2009 collection system by 2009 Employed population 10657 unknown Unemployed 7577 unknown Population Density 1984 64 Land Total area 14 sq.km 1632 sq.km Arable land Not registered 84,000 ha Cultivated land Not registered 55,800 ha Forest None None Urbanization City 1 1 Municipality 3 62 Economics 210146000 GDP 2025 USD USD Grain, vegetables, fruit, fruit juice, Animal Major Crops industries, dairy, Kurdamir desert-wine, cottton Catlle and Small 369,655 Cattle Breeding-Head Diary Production- 24038 metric ton/year Meat production- 2815 metric ton/year Wool production 203 3.4 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline (Curly)-metric ton/year Major Industry None None Processing rural economic products, food Light Industry industry and diary products Small Scale 17 74 Workshops Touristic Facility 4 4 Infrastructure Expressway None None Highway, - km 5.5 55 Railway, - km 4.28 54 Power Distribution station 1 1 Natural Gas Distribution Sattion 1 1 WTP None None WWTP None None Water Supply Yes, unhygienic, Network dispersedand None insufficient water release Yes, partly and Sewage Network None dispersed Social Services Medical Facilities (Clinics- 1 1 ambulatorium) Hospitals 4 4 Ambulatorium 0 91 Schools 7 98 Day Care 9 9 Cultural Facility 8 94 Public Hall 1 3 Archeological sites None 4 Architectural 5 11 memorial buildings Museum 2 4 Stadium 1 1 Sport Complex 4 6 GDP: Gross Domestic Product ha: Hectare USD: United States Dolar WTP: Water Treatment Plant WWTP: Wastewater Treatment Plant Sources: State Statistical Committe, State Land and Cartography Institute of Azerbaijan, AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan, Rayon Land and Cartgraphy Department, EIA Survey Team, Feasibility Consultant’s Study Team. Table 3,2: Population Dynamics for the last three years Indicators 2008 2009 2010 Natural Growth Rate - % of total population of Not registered 1.2 1.3 the rayon yet Mortality Rate - % of total population of the Not registered 0.7 0.6 rayon yet Infant Mortality Rate - % of total population of Not registered 0.9 0.8 the rayon yet Source: Kurdamir Rayon Statistical Department. According to the Rayon Health Department, the number of incidence of approximately 25 types of water borned diseases have been explored within the rayon. Diseases transmitted by means of infection carriers (e.g., malaria etc.) are spread by insects and mollusks who are widely spread in water ecosystem. Diseases conditioned by water deficiency are endangered by bacteria or parasites falling an organism when enough pure water for individual hygiene (washing, bathing etc.) is absent. Since special and purposeful analytic researches aimed for revealing such diseases as Infective hepatitis, Bacillary Dysentery, Gastroenteritis, Scabies and Ascariasis etc. are not made by the responsible authorities at the rayon and city level, it’s impossible to forward a certain opinion for dynamics of such diseases spreading among the city population. The water borned type of diseases observed in the rayon are infective hepatitis, gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, diarrhoeal diseases and ascariasis. 3.5 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline Table 3,3: Number of incidences on water borned diseases Name of Disease Number of Incidences 2010/ first 6 Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 months Infective hepatitis - - - 42 23 Bacillary Dysentery - - 1 - - Gastroenteritis 34 32 31 34 36 Scabies 4 5 8 7 6 Ascariasis - - - 51 - Source: Rayon Health Department and Feasibility Consultant. 3.2.5. Water Supply and Sanitation Utilities Water Supply in Kurdamir city Although a dispersed water supply network exists in the rayon centre Kurdamir city, the satisfactory and hygienic drinkable water cannot be supplied to the customers because of no sufficient exploitation, and no adequate storage capacity and water release. The water supply system of the city was constructed in 1953. 85 percent of the feeder mains and piped network consist of the steel pipes which are approximately 20 km in length and constructed between 1953 and 1978. A small part of the piped network (approx. one km) consists of HDPE pipes which were installed in 2000 by rayon SuKanal department. An approximately 2.5 km of feeder mains which is installed by cast-iron pipes and constructed in 1953, is already in use with other parts of the network. According to the report of rayon SuKanal department, only 6 km (25 percent of it) section of the network is currently operational due to the old and dispersed condition. Therefore, the drinking water often cannot be provided directly to the customers. In many parts of the city, the people can provide the water from the public taps 2-4 hours a day. The rayon SuKanal department has 2500 registered customers who are roughly 50 percent of the city population (9000 people). Roughly 20 percent of the registered customers is public sector, and 10 percent of them is commercial. Water metering is not common and limited to few commercial and industrial consumers. 30-50 percent of the population supply themselves with untreated water from irrigation channels preferred for minor purposes like washing, gardening and livestock breeding but also for drinking. Approximately 10 - 20 percent of the city’s population is provided drinkable water from private tanker trucks. SuKanal Department has one truck to supply water to public sector buildings. It was reported that seven private tank trucks are operated in Kurdemir city and an unknown number in the village area north of the town. The whole distribution network is partially damaged. The drinkable water distribution system in the city seems to have depleted its economic life span. Currently, the municipal water supply for the city is provided from an existing Horizontal Infiltration Gallery (HIGD) located in the Kulullu valley on the lowstreams of Girdimanchay river flood plain. The rayon Irrigation Department reports that the flow rates of this HIGD are routinely measured. Average raw water expolitation capacity of this facility is approximately 175 l/s. However, water wastage and leakages from the collection well and tranmission main are huge due to old and dispersed connections of the components. There are no centralized fire fighting network, and no water treatment and disinfection facility established in the system. See Exhibit 2,1. Conclusively, Kurdamir city has a scattered, dispersed, and inadequate water supply system. It no longer has the strength to endure the economical and social development of the city. Sewage System, Wastewater Treatment and Storm Water in Kurdamir City Presently, there is a small scale dispersed and unhygienic sewage disposal system in the city. The existing system was mainly implemented in 1977 with the asbestos cement collector sewers. The sufficient information exists for neither the original concept of the system nor the age, size and location of the collector sewers and lateral mains. The rayon SuKanal Department reports that the whole sewage system consists of 7 kms of asbestos cement collector sewers (150 – 500 mm in diameter) 3.6 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline and approximately 1.5 km of interceptor sewer (500 – 600 mm in diameter). The existing system was designed according to gravity collection of the wastewater. Due to the flat topography of the city two pump stations are also connected to the system as back-up for controlling the water level in the rainy days. The first pump station was built in rayon SuKanal site north of the railway, see Exhibit 2,2. The second one is located among the residential area in the south part of the city nearby the old WWTP site. Although the construction of WWTP was finished in 1978, it had never operated. The old WWTP site provides no sufficient land for a new WWTP which will serve in accordance with the modern engineering practices, and it is situated in a residential area. The existing sewage system covers about 500 customer connections (approximately15 percent of current population of the city) including institutional and commercial buildings. The current practice in the rest of the city is to use private septic pits, and/or to discharge the wastewater directly to the irrigation canals and drainage collectors surrounding the city. Sukanal department operates an old sewerage tank truck for emptying the septic pits of institutional buildings and disposal of the sludge in the rural vicinity. On the other hand, there is the number of privately owned sewerage tank trucks which serve the remaining householders in the city. However, their numbers are unknown. These trucks dispose the septic sewage to the existing system through the manholes. Storm water is collected with open drainage channels on the sides of the roads and is evacuated to the drainage channel at the easternmost of the city through a culvert located parallel to the railway. Conclusively, Kurdamir city’s sewage collection and disposal system no longer has the strength to endure the economical and social development of the city. 3.2.6.Solid Waste Disposal in Rayon Centre Solid Waste Disposal (SWD) site is located in a distance of 12 km along Kurdamir – Imishli highway nearby Sorsor village. The landfill is not on the balance of Kurdamir House Exploitation Department. The area of site is 4 ha, and a 6-8 cum SWD a day is disposed to the site with four old / non-standard dumptrucks and one regular compaction truck (new one). No protective perimeter fence and/or wall exists surrounding the SWD site. Solid wastes are burnt once a day and buried by the earth in the site, and no separation is managed. Source-separating of the wastes is not applied in the city. All solid wastes are collected in the manner of commingled including the medical wastes, and disposed to the site. See Exhibit 2,2 and Annex-6. 3.3. Study Area Concept The study area of the project for each rayon is identified in the relevant project appraisal documents, and summarized for water supply investment as ‘based on the premise of providing water service to the entire urban centre plus adjacent villages and/or villages along the transmission mains’, and for the wastewater investment as ‘based on the design premise to connect the central business/apartments block district of each urban centre to a main sewage collector plus settlements close to this main sewage collector for transfer to a wastewater treatment plant’. The extent of the project study area for the rayon has been comprehensively explained in Chapter 2 of this report. The reader can also find detailed information about the extent of the study area specific for the rayon in Chapter 2. Therefore, herein it will be satisfied with this information to avoid unnecessary repetitions. 3.3.1. Project Corridor Design Design-related alternative considers the aspects such as route, alignment, cross-section, and public amenities. These are discussed below. Route The project corridor should be strategically located, including the National and respective regional 3.7 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline principles. It should also serve the most heavily populated regions of the rayon. No demarcation an alternative route would require vast amounts of land acquisition, disrupt rural communities, interfere with established natural and agro-ecosystems, and result in further environmental and social degradation, see Chapter 3.3.3 and 3.3.4. Alignment The horizontal geometry of the project corridor should be under continual review and refinements. The alignment of the pipe lines should be routed to bypass irrigation canals, ditches, public and private amenities, and even some small part of agricultural lots. Special attention should be paid that all pipelines and other system components are located within the public RoWs or on the public easements, see Chapter 3.3.2. 3.3.2. Delineation of Rights of Way (RoW) The project corridor will generally be well-defined rights of way (RoW), and it is designed on the public easement. However, the RoWs vary from section to section and, in some cases, even within a section. In cases where variations have been observed within a section, the RoW will be indicated with minimum and maximum limits. RoW minimum and maximum limits will generally be used in this Project for the surrounding area of alignment of raw water pipeline, drinkable water transmission main, feeder mains, water treatment plant site, drinkable water distribution tanks, interceptor sewer, collector sewer, lift stations and wet wells, waste water treatment plant site, and effluent discharge outfall lines (See Exhibit 3,1) The RoW limits inside the settlements are generally confined to the streets’ width. Therefore, RoW limits for some impacts (e.g. biological and ecological) will not be given for the Project components inside the settlements. Intersecting table of the Project components is below (See Exhibit 3,2, 3,3 and 3,4); Table 3,4: Intersecting table for proposed system components Rivers, Baku – Asphalt creeks, Tbilisi Existing Existing Paved irrigation Highway Component Secondary Earthen Road canals and Public Private Amenities Amenities Roads drainage collectors Girdimanchay lowstreams at the lower levels of Raw water pipe line NI NI NI NI NI Kulullu valley, INT-3, see Exhibit, 3,2 and 3,4 Agsu - Kurdamir Arabmehdibey Upper Shirvan above village earthen Inside the Canal, INT-2, ground Inside the Transmission main road, INT-2, NI city see Exhibit power line, city see Exhibit, 3,2, and 3,3 INT-1, see 3,2, 3,3 Exhibit, 3,2 and 3,4 Inside the Inside the Inside the Feeder main Inside the city Inside the city NI city city city Water treatment plant NI NI NI No No No site Distribution Tanks NI NI NI No No No Inside the Inside the Inside the Interceptor sewer Inside the city NI No city city city Inside the Inside the Inside the Collector sewer Inside the city NI NI city city city Wastewater NI NI NI No No No 3.8 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline treatment plant site Outfall pipe line for NI NI NI NI NI NI effluent discharge Access Road for NI NI NI NI NI No WWTP Access road for WTP NI NI NI NI NI No 1 – NI means no-intersection 2 - NA means no information and spatial data available. 3.3.3. Corridor of Impact The area of project influence is referred to as the 'corridor of impact' (Col), ie, the width of the corridor that will be impacted, directly or indirectly, by the project during the construction and operation phases. As discussed in Section 3.3.1, major construction activities will remain confined to the existing RoW. However, situations in which construction-related activities will extend beyond the existing RoW include:  Establishing construction campsites and asphalt plants on temporarily acquired land,  Borrowing soil material from temporarily acquired land,  Quarrying aggregate material,  Constructing haul tracks in order to transport construction material, etc. 3.3.4. Delineating the CoI For the purposes of this study, the Col has been divided into two zones, Col I and Col 2. CoI 1 The CoI 1 marks the limit within which the direct impact of construction activities is expected to take place. This includes the displacement or relocation of people, and the removal of vegetation cover for construction. This limit will vary along the length of the project corridor according to site-specific conditions. The Col 1 was delineated as the width required for actual construction. This included the trench alignment, embankment, longitudinal drainage, wayside amenities, and an additional corridor required to facilitate the movement of light construction machinery and ensure the safety of the general public, and for detailed illustration, see Exhibit 3,1. The approach followed in delineating the Col 1 is outlined below. Table 3,5: Limits of CoI 1 Restricted Areas Open Areas (Residential and its appendages) Component Construction Limits Construction 1 Weighted CoI 1 CoI 1 Max. Min. Limit average m m m m m m Raw water pipe line 30 24 27 30 - - Transmission main 30 24 27 30 Street width 50 Feeder mains 30 24 27 30 Street width 50 Water treatment plant site 100 50 75 80 - - Distribution Tank 100 50 75 80 - - Interceptor sewer 30 24 27 30 Street width 50 Collector sewer 30 24 27 30 Street width 50 Lift station-Wetwell 100 50 75 80 50 50 Wastewater treatment plant site 100 50 75 105 - - Outfall pipe line for effluent 30 24 27 30 - - discharge Access Road for WWTP 100 50 75 80 50 53 Access road for WTP 100 50 75 80 50 53 * Open Areas : The CoI 1 will extend up to 3-5 m.from the construction limit * Ribbon Development Areas: None * Open Areas with minor Ribbon Development :None 3.9 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline 1 – CoI 1 in restricted areas should be accepted at least 50 m because the noise impact. CoI 2 Col 2 marks the limit within which the indirect impact of project activities is expected. This includes the effects associated with noise, vibrations, vehicular emissions, toxic emissions and fugitive dust from batching and mixing plants, and the consumption of natural resources, such as earth fill and water, required during construction. The Col 2 limit is determined by a number of factors, including environmental setting, types of environmental resources that fall within the zone of impact, and the nature of Project related activities. The potential induced impact must also be taken into account. For example, game reserve areas located even at relatively large distances from the Project area, and surroundings the Baku - Tbilisi highway may come under stress due to increased numbers of visitors encouraged by the improved condition of the project. Similarly, agricultural lands and an improved area may enhance the attraction of archaeological and recreational sites to tourists. Sensitive areas, i.e., protected areas and archaeological sites, likely to be affected are listed in Chapter 3.5.2. respectively. For the purpose of this project, two limits of 300 – 500 m from the edge of the construction limits has been adopted as Col 2 in accordance with the criteria given in Chapter 1.5 (see Exhibit 1,1).This is based on the following reasons: 1) Noise impact corridor for open spaces is accepted 300 m from edge of the construction limits because of the foreseeing wind effects, and dispersion analysis of vehicular emissions indicates that the concentration of pollutants generally drops to an acceptable level at a distance of about 200 m, and 2) 500 m is accepted in respect of ambient air quality, water quality and wildlife species. 3.3.5. Buffer Zones The term "buffer zone" refers to the area of land adjacent to a wetland or water body. This section addresses the land next to wetlands and water bodies as it pertains to wildlife habitats. Distances and extent of the buffer zones set forth below are patterned in accordance with ESHAs (Environmentally Sensitive Habitat Areas) regulations of USEPA. When a proposed activity involves work within the riverfront area, the area is presumed to be significant to the protection. The section of approximately 3 km of Girdimanchay river’s valley South of Kulullu village is the wetland area in the Project corridor. This section of the Project corridor refer to the area of land adjacent to a water body, and is called ‘riparian corridor’ for the assessment, and indicated in Exhibit 6,2. Water Body Buffer System Purpose The intent of the buffer system is to preserve riparian corridors to help protect the physical, chemical and biological integrity of water body from adverse water quality and quantity impacts. Preservation of riparian corridors along water body will help promote streambank stability and prevent increased stream temperature, accelerated loading of nutrients and sediments and other pollutants. Vegetation in the riparian corridor plays a critical role in the food chain for aquatic organisms. The purpose of the following requirements is to protect these functions of the riparian corridor. Current scientific research indicates that a "tiered approach" to waterbody buffers is more effective than a single setback. This approach provides more flexibility on the location and nature of disturbance in the riparian zone. The following tiered approach to waterbody setbacks should apply to all activities that require development approvals. Restrictive Inner Buffer Earth or vegetation disturbance is restricted within this inner buffer zone. Any construction activities and necessary structures requiring some disturbance within this setback shall not be permitted. The following actions that will not be allowed within the restrictive inner buffer zone (see Exhibit 6,2); 3.10 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline  Placement of material, including without limitation any soil, sand, gravel, mineral, aggregate, organic material, or snow plowed;  Construction, installation, or placement of any obstruction or the erection of a building or structure;  Removal, excavation, or dredging of solid material, including without limitation any soil, sand, gravel, mineral, aggregate, or organic material;  Removal of any existing live vegetation or conducting any activity which will cause any loss of vegetation, unless it involves the approved removal of noxious weeds, non-native species, dead or diseased trees;  Lowering of the water level or water table by any means, including draining, ditching, trenching, impounding, pumping or comparable means; and,  Disturbance of existing natural surface drainage characteristics, sedimentation patterns, flow patterns, or flood retention characteristics by any means including without limitation grading and alteration of existing topography. Measures taken to restore existing topography to improve drainage, flow patters, flood control, etc. must be approved. Variable Outer Buffer Earth and vegetation disturbance within this variable buffer may be limited where necessary to protect the integrity of the waterbody or special site specific features. The width of variable outer buffer may undulate in order to provide protection to site specific features. Site specific features that could trigger the need for either an outer buffer zone, equivalent mitigation, or a combination of outer buffer zone and mitigation include:  Steep slopes draining into the waterbody;  Highly erodable soils are present;  Presence of unstable streambank conditions;  The proposed use of the property presents a special hazard to water quality (e.g., storage or handling of hazardous or toxic materials);  The area is needed to protect trees, shrubs, or other natural features that provide for streambank stability, habitat enhancement for aquatic environments, riparian area protection, or to maintain pre-development riparian plant or animal communities;  The area provides habitat for plant, animal, or other wildlife species;  The area is within the 100-year flood plain;  The area is needed to prevent or minimize flood damage by preserving storm and flood water storage capacity;  The area is needed to protect fish spawning, breeding, nursery and feeding grounds. The site plan submittal for this area shall include delineation of all applicable buffer zones. These boundaries should also be shown on all clearing, grading and erosion control plans. Because the variable outer buffer zone is flexible and site specific. The contractor(s) is expected to submit rationale for the size of the buffer zone and identify proposed mitigation measures to be used at the site. 3.4. Physical Environment This section discusses the following physical features of the corridor surrounding the selected construction limits of the project:  Physiography  Water Resources  Climate  Soil 3.11 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline 3.4.1. Physiography The rayon is situated in the Aran Economic region at the central part of Azerbaijan, and surrounded by Zardab and Ujar rayons in the west, Hajiqabul rayon in the east, and Sabirabad rayon in the south and east, and Agsu rayon in the north and northeast. The rayon has also short border lines with Ismayilli and Goychay rayons in the north and northwest. The rayon is located in the centre of Shirvan plain and bordered by Kura River in the south. Topography The area of the rayon is characterized by fragments of hills, slopes and flatlands. Accumulative alluvial plains are more frequent in the south of this rayon. The rayon area is mainly located in the eastern part of Shirvan plain at the foot of the Great Caucasus. Southern flank of the Great Caucasus ridge descended down to Alazan-Ayrichay valley (in some sources Alazan-Haftaran valley, whereas in others it is considered as one of the Kur River valley parts) that in some places is parallel to the mentioned ridge. The Langabiz – Alat foreranges lie at the north edge of the plain westeasternly. The relief of the project corridor varies between 110 masl (in the catchment area) and 0 masl (in the WWTP site south of the city). The relief of the city’s settled area changes between 0 – 10 masl. The following figure shows the general topographic condition of the Kurdamir region. Figure 3,1, Topography in the Kurdamir Rayon Geology and Soil 3.12 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline The Earth's crust thickness in Azerbaijan varies in the range from 38 to 55 km. Its maximum thickness is observed in the Minor Caucasus area, while its minimum thickness is typical for the Talysh foothills. Geological setting of the area consists of sedimentary, volcanic-sedimentary, volcanic and terrestrial deposits embracing almost entire stratigraphic range beginning from pre-Cambrian period up to Holocene time. Lowlands located within the Kur-Araz basin in Azerbaijan mainly include the Mughan-Salyan basin, a part of the Shirvan plain, Mil-Mughan, and Lankaran basins of pore and stratal waters. They have unfavorable hydrogeological conditions. In geological section of these areas built by continental- marine and marine sediments of the upper Pliocene-Quaternary and Quaternary age, continental sediments have subordinate position. Landslides are dominantly pervasive in areas with conducive lithology and hydrogeology conditions within southeast Great Caucasus (Girdimanchay and Agsuchay) and its northeast sector (Valvalachay, Gilgilchay, and Atachay rivers). The Yavandag-Sangachal gravity maximum is suggested to be a buried extension of the Vandam anticlinorium within the Shamaxi-Gobustan synclinorium. Here, within Girdiman and Agsu River interfluve Maykop deposits are overlain by thick (1500m) Cretaceous (Dibrar facies) deposits, referred to as the Baskal nappe with a 10 km horizontal offset. Westward, within Mazimchay and Girdimanchay rivers interfluve most of the southern part of the Vandam anticlinorium consists of sheet-like pebble deposits. Deluvial cones are met within Shirvan plain. The central part of the plain, as well as Mughan and Salyan plains are typified by ancient river-bed levees, drainless depressions, sub-aerial delta, whereas within southeast Shirvan there are recent Caspian lagoonal deposit relics, deflation gullies, conical dunes, ancient and recent beach barriers. Relief dissection, washout (erosion) and soil salinization processes get more active under Anthropogenic conditions. Sub-region embraces Shirvan, southeast Shirvan, Kur River banks, Mughan, and Salyan geomorphology districts. Kur-Araz lowland sub-region is the largest part of Kur river valley. Its central part is covered with clay deposits, whereas Late Anthropogenie and Holocene terrestrial and marine clay, sand and pebble deposits cover its marginal parts. Having been young and gently slopping sub-region relict surface is just slightly dissected. The north ravine net causes insignificant soil erosion. Another cause of aggravating ecological condition in the area is the process of salinity triggered by dry steppe semi-desert condition, hot climate and high evaporation (possible evaporation 1034 mm). See Figure 3,2. The Kura river’s flood plains are typically underlain by mainly loose, unconsolidated sand and alluvium as well as some occurrence of mountain outwash deposits and lacustrine sediments. Tectonically Kurdemir Rayon belonging to central part of the Kura depression is located in the Shirvan hydrogeological regions. In the area geological structure IV period Pleistocene (Q1-3) and Holocene (Q4) sand-clay grounds are widely spread. In the north and south-foothill zone, more ancient (Q1-2), and in the central part – along the Kura river younger (Q4) rock complexes are spread. Geologically the rock complexes are of alluvial, proluvial, deluvial, lake and lagoone origin. The Project corridor mainly falls into the areas are formed of aluvial – proluvial flood meadow plain (Q 2-3) between Kulullu village of Agsu rayon and Kurdamir city. See Exhibit 3,10 and 3.11. Seismicity Based on the Seismic Activities Classification Map of the Azerbaijan Republic Kurdamir Rayon is in the 7 grade. See Exhibit 3,12. 3.13 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline Figure 3,2: Shirvan Plain Salinization Map and Project Corridor, (M. R. Abduyev, Baku, 2006). 3.4.2. Water Resources The Rayon is characterized by a large irrigation network which is fed from Mingachevir Reservoir. Yukhari Shirvan irrigation canal is situated in a distance of 20 km north of Kurdamir city westeasternly. However, only a 3.7 km section of this canal travels in the northeasternmost of the rayon area nearby Boyuk Kangarli village. Girdiman (19.2 km), Agsu (34 km), a small part of Ashagi Shirvan (15.6 km) and Bash Mil Qarabagh (10.4 km), Goychay (36.5 km) and Bash Shirvan (47.6 km) collectors are located in the rayon area. Majority of the villages provide the drinking water from the irrigation network without treatment in the rayon. This situation creates an important public health risk in the region. The irrigation and collector-drainage infrastructure have been created for a long time with the consideration of such complicated soil-climatic condition. There are 172.9 km of inter-farm canals and 684.4 km of intra-farm canals in the rayon area. There are also 21 km of inter-farm collector drains and 242.7 km of intra-farm collector drains in rayon. There is no river which passes from the city and its adjacent area. A branch of Girdimanchay river travels northsouthernly in a distance of 10 km in the east, and Kur river 20 km in the south westeasternly. The Girdimanchay and the Agsuchay rivers and their branches flow southernly through Agsu and Ismailli rayons. The mountainous streams in the sloping plains have provided rocks and pebbles in the soil. A little before the fourth age (during oligocen), great part of Azerbaijan (especially the area of the Kur- Araz lowlands), including the Shirvan plain, was the western bay of the present Caspian Sea. According to geological information, the sea repeatedly went off these areas and then reappeared again. Great lagoons are formed in that area when the sea completely left the place. In the period of the moving back of the sea, a tropical climate appeared in the area. This caused the evaporation of salty seawaters during short lack of time and salts in the composition of the evaporated waters settled down making sediments of this area saline. It must be mentioned that a great influence of salinity of 3.14 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline the soils of the Shirvan plain made by sea sediments as well. As it is known, the chemical composition of the plain area and subsoil waters are closely connected with the chemical composition of high mountain part surrounding of that place. The Shirvan plain can be more open example for it. See Figure 3,2. According to geological information, great part of the sediments of surrounding of the Shirvan plain mountains got salinity by different salts. As N.B.Vossovich and V.Y. Khain (1953) indicated, in the mountainous part of the Girdimanchay and Agsuchay rivers’ basins, among the sediments can be met pir-oxen, iron or yaroizit combinations. The sediments in this part of the third period especially paleogene, and neogene, are enriched by the combinations with sulphate, yarizite, iron and manganese. In addition, V.A.Priklonsky (1932) defined that the sediments of subsoil waters in the plates of the Garamaryam plateau and O.I.Lukashevich (1932) – in the Western Bozdag part of Mingachevir got saline by sodium-sulphate salts. See Figure 3,2. The shallow sub-surface under most of Shirvan lowland is subjected to natural contamination in the form of salinization. The following main salinization types are distinguished; sulphate-chloride-sodium; and sulphate/chloride-magnesium/sodium. Local contamination of the shallow sub-surface has been observed; by organic and mineral fertilizers in irrigated areas and in land adjacent to mineral fertilizers storehouses; and by various chemical elements and compounds within some industrial plants. The Project corridor is mainly located between Kulullu village in Agsu rayon and Kurdamir city, and on the settled area of Kurdamir city. The following Figure shows the surface water hydrography in rayon. 3.15 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline Figure 3,3: Hydrography in Kurdamir Rayon Mineral and Geothermal Waters There are no significant mineral and geothermal water sources in the rayon area. Spring Water There are no significant spring water sources in the rayon area. Groundwater Azerbaijan has a rich abundance of groundwater, totaling about 5.1 cubic km. This water comes to the surface through natural springs, and is also extracted via pumped and artesian wells. Groundwater is an additional water source that helps to fulfill the drinking water requirements of the people, as well as being a supplementary source for irrigation and industry. About 16 to 17% of the water resources available in Azerbaijan come from groundwater, and more than 2 cubic km are used for irrigation and water supply to the people each year. 3.16 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline Along Kur river bank in Shirvan and Mil steppes, central and north Mughan, Salyan and south-east Shirvan ground water is regarded to sodium chloride type of mineralization. The unconfined aquifer spreads actually all over the submontain plains in Azerbaijan. The depth of the groundwater table changes as the terrain descends, ranging from 60-80m at the tops of the debris cones to several centimeters in the thinning and discharge zone. The deepest are tables of the unconfined water at the cone tops in the Alazan-Agrichay plan (to 89m), Shirvan plain (to 73m), Ganja- Qazakh plain (to 97m), Mil-Mughan plain (80m). Aquifer thickness ranges from 3-4 m (Ganja- Qazakh, Qarabakh-Mil and Shirvan plains) to 178-185m (Ganja-Qazakh and Shirvan). Output of wells drilled into the unconfined aquifer mainly stay within 25- 30 l/s, mostly 3-5 l/s to 15-20 l/s. Many springs originate in the unconfined aquifer in the pinching and discharge zone, with flow rates ranging from 0.1-0.3 l/s to 15-20 l/s. In the Alazan-Agrichay plain there are springs with flow rates reaching as much as 280-300 l/s. Filtration coefficients of the aquiferous sediments range from 0.1-0.5 m/day (in the periphery of most debris cones) to 25-48 m/day (at the top and in the central part of the debris cones). Confined aquifers occur several kilometers below the contact zone between the bedrock and coarse- fragmented talus train, and their spread is smaller than that of the unconfined aquifer. In wells, the aquifer roof is opened mostly at the depth of 10-70 m on the Alazan-Agrichay plain, 20-171 m on the Ganja-Qazakh plain, 13-128 m on the Shirvan plain, 16-110 m on the Qarabakh-Mil plain, and 200- 300 m on the Jebrail plain. Outputs of pumping wells drilled into the confined aquifers change within a wide range: 0.1 to 57 l/s on the Ganja-Qazakh plain, 0.2 to 98 l/s on the Alazan-Agrichay plain, 0.1 to 11 l/s on the Shirvan plain, 0.1 to 24 l/s on the Qarabakh-Mil plain, and 0.2 to 6 l/s on the Jebrail plain. Filtration coefficients of the aquiferous formations range from 0.1-0.4 m/day to 10-46 m/day. Within the Shirvan plain, beyond the river debris cones groundwater are mainly salty. Total hardness of the fresh waters does not exceed 7-12 mg/l, whereas hardness of the weakly brackish water reaches 18-27 mg/l. Chemically the fresh waters are mostly of hydrocarbonate calcium, hydrocarbonate-chloride and hydrocarbonate-sulfate calcium magnesium- sodium type; whereas sulfate, hydrocarbonate, magnesium, sodium ions and chlorine ions prevail in the composition of weakly brackish waters. With the increase of mineralization hydrocarbonate calcium waters transfer into chloride sodium waters. Salty groundwater are spread in lowlands, including the Mughan-Salyan plain, some areas of the Mil- Mughan and Shirvan plains; occasionally there are brines with dry residue of 100-200 g/L. Saline contamination of groundwater occurs where the resource is at shallow depth (<1.5 meters) in the Kur - Araz lowlands. In some places, the groundwater is at the surface (especially during the irrigation season) and this hinders farming and leads to deterioration of the land due to the development of surface salinity. Grassland and wetlands form and thrive in small areas where the groundwater depth is shallow or where the water comes to the surface. Irrigation, water leaking and/or percolating from canals and irrigated areas are the primary factors that creates the high groundwater regime in Shirvan lowland, because of over supply of irrigation water and poor drainage of the excess. Salty subsurface water have no practical use and contain a whole range of chemical elements and compounds. No registered sub-artesian wells which are used for irrigation and domestic water supply, exist in the rayon area. Surface Waters The main surface waters in Aran economic region of Azerbaijan are mainly Kur and Araz rivers and their branches which join to two rivers along their basins form nouth and south. The two rivers are the main sources of hydroelectric energy and irrigation network in the region. The north branches of Lower 3.17 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline Kur river are Alijanchay, Turyanchay, Goychay, Girdimanchay and Agsuchay rivers flow northsouternly toward Kur basin. However, for the aims of this study only Kur river, Girdimanchay river, Upper Shirvan and Bash Shirvan Canals are examined in respect of water quality and hydrological characteristics. Other numerous small rivers and creeks born from springs on the south declivities of Great Caucasus and Langabiz ranges join these rivers in the mid highlands and Shirvan lowland nearby the Project corridor. Kur River The Kur river basin is considered one of the biggest international waterway in the world. 28, 4% of its basin belongs to Azerbaijan, 21, 28%- to Iran, 19, 36%- to Georgia, 15, 85- to Armenia and 15, 37% - to Turkey. The Kur river originates at a height of 2740 meters on north-eastern slope of Qizilgedikdag mountain in Turkey. It passes through Georgia and enters Azerbaijan, runs through Kur-Araz lowland and flow into the Caspian Sea. Its total length is 1515 km, and length is 906 km in Azerbaijan. It has a catchment area in Azerbaijan of 749 square km at the downstream end of a total length of 1,364 km. The overall catchment area of the Kur - Araz is 188,000 km2. The flow of the Kur river is divided into three sections: the top section, which is from the origins to the Borjomi valley, the middle one, which is from the Borjomi valley to Mingechevir reservoir and the lower one, which is from Mingechevir to the Caspian Sea. The length of the Lower Kur is 605 km with a width of 130-310 m. 84 km of lower Kur flow along the southern border of the rayon. Mingechevir, Shamkir and Yenikend dams and hydroelectric power stations were constructed on the course of the river within the Azerbaijan area. Annual irrigation water consumption is esteemed 13-14 cu. km. The Kur river source consists of 36 % seasonal snowmelt, 30 % groundwater, 20% rainfall, and 14 % from constant snow and glacial meltwater. In May and June, flow in the Kur river represents 60 to 70 % of the total annual flow. In the dry summer period (July to September) the river carries large amounts of sediment, conveying on average about 18.5 million tones of sediment into the Caspian Sea each year. The average annual discharge of the Kur where it joins the Araz is 563 cum/s, after which there are no more Kur tributaries until it discharges into the Caspian. 72.73% of its total water resources are formed in neighboring countries, and only 27.27% is generated in Azerbaijan. Between 1970 and 1980 the “Complex Use and Protection Scheme of Kur River Basin Water Resources” was developed through the participation of 32 project and scientific-research institutes in the South Caucasus countries (Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia) under the direction of the “Az State Water Farm Project” Development Unit. However, this scheme was not agreed between all of the South Caucasus countries, and therefore the USSR Amelioration and Irrigation Ministry (the authority at that time) did not approve the scheme. Muddy sands in the Lower Kur river deposited as soon as the coast areas protected from the water flow. In the composition of silty-sandy soil, occasionally there are the remains of plants. Bandwidth silty sands ranged from 3.8 to 3.0 m. The Kur river contains chemical and organic compounds in concentrations which exceed the Maximum Permissible Concentration (MPC). The basin of the river also occupy large parts of Georgia, Armenia, and Turkey. Contamination from the large Georgian cities of Tbilisi and Rustavi means that when the Kur crosses Azerbaijan’s borders it is already contaminated (including a five day biological oxygen demand (BOD5) of 3.7 mg/l, 0.15 mg/l of oil products, and 0.03 mg/l of phenol). Within Azerbaijan, the Kur becomes enriched with agricultural contaminants, from industrial, cattle breeding, and poultry farm run-off. In some places, the BOD5 increases to 4.1 mg/l, oil products to 0.24-0.30 mg/l, and phenol to 0.04-0.08 mg/l. Poorly developed sewage systems in Azerbaijan and Georgia 3.18 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline mean that polluted run-off is discharged by tributaries into the Kur, making them constant sources of contamination of the river water. The river’s water is being tested since 2004 routinely by AWM OJSC with the samples taken from 26 water quality stations. According to the test results obtained from the stations in Kurdamir – Mollakand and Zardab-Bichakchi, the total mineralization of river’s water varies between 514.40 and 941.19 mg/l. BOD5 levels varies between 1 mg/l and 3.64 mg/l, and COD levels between 3,20 mg/l and 12 mg/l at the same points. However, the test results show that the river’s water does not contain high heavy metal concentrations in respect of Fe, Cu, and Zn. Girdimanchay River Girdimanchay is sourced from the south declivities of Babadag mountain (2900 masl) of Great Caucasus range. The river runs about 30-35 km below Aghsu town. It junks with Aghsu river by artificial channel to enable flow into Kur river. The total area of its basin is 727 square km. The basin is covered by 64 square km woodland. The length of the river is approximately 50 km, and it is fed mostly by storm water (90 – 95 %). The average inclination of river is 32 percent, and the density of river network is 0,48 km per square km. The water regime of the river is characterized by overflow in spring and floods in autumn. Flood flows are a frequent occasion in Girdimanchay river. The spring overflow covers March-May months. The dry seasons are July and August. Autumn floods usually take place in September – October. Winter water shortages are observed during November – February. The river belongs to the group of rivers, flowing at full under the influence of snow and rainfalls in spring and autumn. In accordance with data obtained from Rayon Irrigation Department, belongs to average perennial water flow between 1966 and 1987 is 6 cum/s. Flow accounts for 66 kg/s, its capacity 2,1 million ton. The chemical content of water is characterized by rich sulphate. Girdimanchay river surface water at the intersection of Agsu – Qazakh road is periodically tested by AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan since 2004. The test results obtained at this level can be patterned for assessments in respect of the regional similarities. The analysis performed on the Girdimanchay water show that the BOD5 levels vary between the 0.8 mg/l and 4.22 mg/l, and COD levels vary between 3.6 mg/l and 8.86 mg/l. The average mineralization levels can raise up to 812 mg/l. The river’s surface water contains no heavy metal concentrations. However, sulphate content is varies between 105 and 889 mg/l. Upper Shirvan Canal It has been operated since 1958. it takes water from Mingechevir reservoir and sends it to the Shirvan plain on the Kur left bank. Discharge capacity is 78 cum/s, length 123 km, and it provides irrigation for 112,000 hectares of land. The irrigation water unit consumption of cum/s/ha is 0.78 in Shirvan lowland. However, only a 3.7 km section of this canal travels in the northeasternmost of the rayon area nearby Boyuk Kangarli village. The Canal’s water is being tested since 2004 routinely by AWM OJSC with the samples taken from 6 water quality stations. According to the test results obtained from the stations in Kurdamir – Agsu road level and Ujar – Garabeyli road level, the total mineralization of canal’s water varies between 448.15 and 512.28 mg/l. BOD5 levels varies between 0.50 mg/l and 5 mg/l, and COD levels between 2.48 mg/l and 9 mg/l at the same points. However, the test results show that the river’s water does not contain high heavy metal concentrations in respect of Fe, Cu, and Zn. Bash Shirvan Collector Its reconstruction works were completed in 1994. Original operations started in 1964, over 211 km and a discharge of 37 cum/s. Following reconstruction, the discharge was increased up to 65 cum/s, and 3.19 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline normal discharge out to the Caspian Sea was assured. However, only a 47.6 km section of this collector travels in the rayon area north-westernly and south- easternly. Preferred Raw Water Source and Catchment The sub-surface lateral water abstraction (from the area of existing HIGD on the course of the flood plain of Girdimanchay river nearby Kulullu village in Agsu rayon ) has been selected and assessed for raw water capture by the Feasibility study team in consultation with the AWM OJSC and relevant Public Utility Departments of the rayon. The Feasibility Consultant and Beneficiary (AWM OJSC) envisage the re-construction of the existing HIGD structures. According to the Feasibility Consultant, the reconstruction of these structures will include the construction of the new horizontal collector and collection wells in the same site as the old one. A water sampling campaign conducted by the Feasibility Consultant with the the HIGD’s infiltrated water samples has been completed in March 10, 2011. According to the test results performed on the samples, no exceedance of the heavy metal concentrations, such as copper, lead, iron, manganese, mercury, arsenic, aluminium, cadmium, etc. occur in the Girdimanchay river sub-surface lateral water samples. See Annex-3. The pH value of the sample is 7.41. No increase is noticed in the pH which can result from the dissolution of limestone grounds. According to the potability standards of natural water (7.2 – 7.6), the pH value of the samples is not alkaline in nature. According to test results, the color of the samples is <5, and turbidity is <1. TSS value is <1 in the Girdimanchay sub-surface lateral water. The measured value of mg CaCO3/l in the samples is 438, and it corresponds to the “ very hard” class water. Appropriate hardness for drinking water is 75-100 mg CaCO3/l. The sample tested has the value (0.0096 mg/l) of Iron, and (<0.0003 mg/l) of Manganese that these values are below the standards prescribed by Gost and EU 98. The sample tested has the value of Nitrite (0.0010), Nitrate (4.5), and Sulphate (286). Detected Nitrite and Nitrate values of the samples are well below the prescribed standards by Gost, EU 98, and WHO. Although, detected value of Sulphate in the raw water is below the prescribed standards by Gost and WHO, it is quite high according to the limit prescribed by EU 98. The high sulphate content in water causes the corrosion in the network. This issue should be taken into account when the treatment train is designed. Detected value of Chloride in the Girdimanchay river lateral water is 9.5 mg/l, and this value well below the standards prescribed by the relevant standards, and therefore, no impact exists on the desirability of water. The most distinctive indicator of the fecal originated pollution is existence of the Escherichia Coli in the raw water. Coliform test is carried out for investigation of the Escherichia Coli which is found in large intestine of the humans and other mammals proves existence of the whole aerobic gram-positive and nonsporing bacillus, including the ones originated from different originated and even out of fecal sources. Numbers of colony per each ml at 22OC temperature is counted as 10, and as 7 at 36OC temperature. Number of Enterococi per each 250 ml is 10, and Escheria coli per each 250 ml is 0 in the raw water. Number of Coliform Pathogenes per each 100 ml is 6, and Clostridium Perfiringens per each 100 ml is 0. The above results show that the Girdimanchay sub-surface lateral water is contaminated by the Enterococs and other microbial indicators because of grazing activities in the region. 3.20 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline Water Balance of the Proposed Catchment There is an existing Horizontal Infiltration Gallery Diversion (HIGD) Unit in the proposed catchment area, supplying the drinkable water to the city. The existing HIGDU was constructed in 1953, and is currently in use. The existing HIGD collects the sub-surface lateral water from the alluvial deposits of the aquifer beneath the flow plain of the river. The usable groundwater for the proposed Project is in this unconfined aquifer above the relatively water-resisting underlying deposits, and approximately 2000 - 2500 m in width. Sub-surface lateral water is typically ignored and grossly misinterpreted in the interpretation of the water balance. It is common to evaluate the groundwater gradients in the aquifer above the clay zone and find that water moved from upslope water districts into the district area evaluated. Similarly, water will exit the boundary of the district area and travel to the next downstream district. The rayon SuKanal Department reports that the flow rates of this HIGD are routinely measured on the outlet of its collection well. Average Daily raw water expolitation capacity of this facility is approximately 175 l/s. However, water wastage and leakages from the collection well and tranmission main are huge due to old and dispersed connections of the components of the facility. See Annex-3, Table-2. Although the measured daily water exploitation capacity of the existing HIGD is agreed approximately 175 l/s, obtaining this volume of raw water has not been possible according to past experience. In addition, their collection wells suffer extensive leakages due to their obsolete and dilapidated structures, and therefore, none of them can provide the sufficient raw water according to their engineered capacities. The present Daily average amount of the raw water exploited from existing HIGD is approximately 176.40 l/s according to the above measurement results. Kurdamir city’s daily raw water demand, including the villages to be concluded to the water supply scheme, is approximately 139.81 l/s. Hourly peak demand, water loss during the cleaning cycle, wastages and leakages are concluded to this volume, see Chapter 2, Table 2,6 and 2,7. Since the new HIGD with similar size to the old one will be constructed in the same site, this operation will disturb neither the river’s ecological environment nor natural flow of the river in the long run. Drinking Water Quality Standards The National Drinking Water Quality Standards of Azerbaijan will be used as drinking water quality standards for this project. However, the treated water should comply with the EU Directive 98/83/EC, and the parameters is given in Annex-3. EU Council Directive 98/83/EC conducts the frequency of water quality samplings stipulating methods in its annexes (see, Article 6 -Point of Compliance- and Article 7 –Monitoring- and the related Annexes, e.g. Annex II, Table A -Parameters to be analyzed- and Table B1 -Minimum frequency of sampling and analysis for water intended for human consumption supplied from a distribution network). For instance, according to the volume of water distributed in Kurdamir:  Check monitoring number of samples per year: 12 (= 1 + 3x4) Table 3,6: National drinking water quality standards Parameter STANDARDS pH 6.0-9.0 Turbidity 1.5 mg/l Microorganism ( Colonies are formed in 1 ml test water) <100 Coliform Bacteria (coliform index), intestinal bacteria formed in 1 litre <3 Nitrates ( NO3) 45 mg/l 3.21 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline Nitrites (NO2) 3 mg/l Clorides 350 mg/l Phosphates 1.0 mg/l Sulfates ( SO4) 500 mg/l Total hardness 7 mmol/1 Remained Chlorine 0.3-0.5 Al 0.5 mg/l As 0.05 mg/l Fe 0.3 mg/l Ni 0.1 mg/l Cr (Cr6+) 0.05 mg/l Cu (Cr2+) 1 mg/l Zn 5 mg/l Cd 0.001 mg/l Pb 0.03 mg/l Hg 0.0005 mg/l The comparative tables from the perspective of National and International standards both for drinking water and effluent discharge quality are given in Annex-3, which is also included comparative data for drinking water quality of existing water resources. 3.4.3. Climate The climate of Kurdemir which is situated in the center of Shirvan lowlands is characterized by dry summer, mild-hot semi-desert and dry steppe. This climatic condition is known for poor humidity, mild winter and dry-hot summer. Sometimes gentle windy weather is observed. While the average temperature of the coldest month (January) is 1,4 ºC, the hottest month (July) is 27,3 ºC. Sometimes the absolute maximum temperature during summer season even reaches 43 ºC. The annual average temperature is 14,5 ºC, the winter is mild. The temperature sometimes falls below (–) 24 ºC during coldest years. However, summer is characterized by absolute max temperature as 43 ºC. Snow cover lasts for 12 days, and hailing lasts 0.2 day a year. The relative annual average humidity is 72 %, ranges between 52-8% within a year. The annual precipitation amount in the rayon is 360 mm. The precipitation mostly falls in spring and autumn. The potential evaporation occurs 1188 mm in summer, and 198 – 236 mm in winter. Table 3,7; Climate in the Rayon Annual Indicator I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII or Months Average Average 1.4 3.5 6.9 12.6 19.5 24.4 27.3 26.9 22.1 15.9 9.2 3.8 14.5 Absolute maximum 20 26 33 34 38 41 43 43 42 35 27 25 43 Absolute minimum -24 -20 -10 -2 3 6 14 12 5 -4 -13 -21 -24 Temperature, ºC Average minimum -2.1 -0.4 2.5 7.1 13.1 17.3 20.6 20.1 16.6 11.2 5.3 0.2 9.3 Average maximum 6.6 8.1 11.6 17.0 24.6 30.1 32.8 32.4 27.4 21.0 14.0 9.0 19.6 Precipitation, mm 26 27 38 35 38 32 19 15 31 36 36 27 360 Wind velocity, m/s 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.6 1.6 2.3 3.22 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline Absolute humidity, mb 6.3 6.6 7.8 10.8 14.5 16.2 18.7 18.6 16.9 13.4 9.8 7.1 12.2 Relative humidity, % 87 83 81 74 65 55 52 54 65 76 84 88 72 Lack of humidity, mb 1.2 1.7 2.4 4.8 9.7 16.7 20.4 19.2 11.2 5.2 2.2 1.2 8.0 Source: Meteorological Department of Kurdamir, and Feasibility Study. Winds According to information of the Meteorological Department of Kurdamir, average annual wind speed equals 2 - 3 metres per second in the rayon. The winds in rayon that are the southeasternly (22 - 26%) during hot season. However, the it dominates westernly (21 – 27%) in the cold season. The number of days of which are windy more than 15 m/s in speed is 15 days in a year. The number of occurrences of weak wind is 49 days. Wind speeds as well as diurnal and seasonal patterns vary considerably along the Project corridor. The following Table and Figure 3,3 show the speeds and directions of wind systems according to the yearly patterns; North 45 Table 3,8: Wind Directions 35 Wind Direction % North 7 25 North -East 8 15 East 9 5 South-East 13 West -5 East South 8 South-West 7 West 13 North-West 7 South Figure 3,4: Wind Rose, Kurdamir Rayon (Source: Kurdamir Meteorological Station) 3.4.4. Soil Soil formation is affected by the different levels of solutions in most part of Shirvan lowland. The dry climate sucks moisture containing dissolved salt out of the ground. The soils of these semi-deserts, therefore, are strongly salted and also lack humus because there is a lack of decomposing vegetation. Grey earth is the predominant type of soil formation, ash grey in colour. Nevertheless, some of these kinds of whitish soil are fertile, since the great number of insoluble minerals are suitable for use in irrigation. The lowland was affected by both recent and ancient alluvia of the many rivers. In the regions where the brief flourishing of spring appears more colourfully, there can be a sudden surge of meadow-like vegetation. The brief growth of turf and grasses supply the soil with some humus to form grey earth meadows. Another variety is meadow-marsh soil along the depressions formed by old riverbeds and other damp, lowlying areas with under ground water. Likewise, alluvial and forest soils can be found along rivers. These alluvial soils are created when rivers overflow. It is 3.23 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline typical for alluvial soils to have a complex structure depending on the intensity of the flooding and the saline levels of the soil. However, the great part of the Shirvan plain was covered by grey lands. Chestnut lands cover the foothill part of this area. There are a number of half-types, kinds and half-kinds of such lands inside the having mentioned land zones. Crusty lawn, lawn-grey, light lawn-grey, brown and other soil types are defined in the grey land zone of the Shirvan plain (H.A.Aliyev, V.R.Volobuyev, 1953). These land types differ from each other sharply. Crusty lawn soils were formed on prolluvial-alluvial drifts. Usually, the upper layer of crusty lawn soils is rich with organic substances. The amount of humidity in this layer sometimes goes beyond 4 %. The amount of carbonate in soil profile contains 4-5 %. Calcium and magnesium cations in the absorbed complex compose priority (M. R. Abduyev, 2006). According to forming condition and morphological structure, the saline lands of the Shirvan plain are divided into five groups; 1. Soft (salient) salty soils. 2. Lawn-salty soils. 3. Crusty salty soils. 4. Saline – Saline Soils 5. Swamp Soils Soft Salty Soils Soft Salty soils are mainly spread in the western part of the Shirvan plain. These lands especially cover the areas in Agdash and Ujar regions, nearby and along the railway and along the banks of the Lower Kur River. These soils are also met as separate spots in the eastern part of the plain, near Garassu and Mughali village. Lawn Saline Soils Lawn Saline soils in the territory of the Shirvan plain spread in the areas, where subsoil waters are close to the surface, in the middle part of the rivers’ bringing cones and near the banks of the Lower Kur river. The described lawn soils are mainly observed in the zone of the lawn grey lands. Lawn saline lands here spread in the form of separate small spots. Crusty Saline Soils Crusty Saline soils spread as separate spots in the territories of Goychay, Ujar, Agsu, Kurdamir and Zardab regions of the Shirvan plain. The thickness of crust layer in such soils reaches 3-8 cm, going into different geometrical pieces. In some cases, between crusty and lower layers, there occurs not very thick (1-2 cm) “lying” grain half-layer, i.e. an interim layer, having broken into fine pieces. Below this layer, the denseness of the soil becomes a little stronger and then sticky because of humidity. Saline – Saline Soils Having got saline soils are met in some parts of the area beginning from the foothill zone up to Garassu marshland at the southeastern part of the rayon. Saline-saline like soils spread in the plain surrounding Garassu as separate spots. The amount of sodium cation contains 10-20% of the absorbed cations in absorbed complex of such soils. Swamp Soils (Boggy Soils) It must be mentioned that in this part of the plain (near Garassu), the process of swamping also developed. The flood of Garassu in different times, the influence of subsoil waters, growing heavy of mechanical composition of the soil and deteriorating of water permeability caused those lands’ 3.24 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline swamping. Swamping soils are also observed in inter-cone depressions of the rivers and in the areas along the banks of the Kur River. For a summary of morphological composition of the soil types in Shirvan plain, see table below; Table 3,9: Common Soil Types in Shirvan Lowland Amount of Amount of Average Soil Type Color Salt Salt Humus thickness % % cm Soft Salty Soils Usually grey NaSO4 2.5 – 3.5 2 – 3.5 5 - 10 Lawn Saline Soils Whitish NaSO4 2 - 14 2 – 3.5 80 Crusty Saline Soils Light grey NaSO4 1.68 – 2.50 None 3-8 Saline – Saline - NaSO4 1.5 – 1.8 None 0 - 35 Soils Swamp Soils Brown NaSO4 1-2 - 0 - 40 Source: M. R. Abduyev, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil and Agro-Chemistry, Baku, 2006. As the standards and guidelines for the maximum allowable concentrations (mg/kg) of the heavy metals and other pollutants in the soil, National Quality Criteria for Soils and National allowable heavy metal concentration standards will be used for the proposed Project, which are on table below; Table 3,10: National soil quality criteria Quality criteria Upper limits Pollutants mg/kg mg/kg As 20 20 Cd 2+ 0.52 52 Cl 500 1000 Cr 6 20 - Cu 2+ 500 500 Pb 2+ 40 400 Hg 2+ 1 3 Ni 2+ 30 30 Polyaromatic carbohydrogene 1.5 1.5 Benzyl (а)piren 0.12 0.12 Dibenzyl (а,h)anthrasite 0.12 0.12 Zn 2+ 500 1000 Table 3,11: National allowable heavy metal concentration standards in soil Max. Allowable Concentrations Heavy metal Elements mg/kg Pb 2+ 10 Mn 2+ 1500 Ni 2+ 40 Co 2+ 10 Zn 2+ 50 Cu 2+ 20 Cd 2+ 0,5 V 5+ 150 Cr 200 Sn 4+ 10 Mo 6+ 3 Hg 2+ 2,0 Oil 100 3.5. Ambient Air Quality Air quality refers to the condition of the atmospheric environment. This is measured through the concentrations of pollutants and the impacts they may have on human health and the environment. An important aspect of air quality for construction operations is dust generated from sources such as empowered construction vehicles using unsealed roads, blasting, and excavation activities. 3.25 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline Dust Dust particles individually are not visible to the human eye, although a high concentration of fine particles may appear as a haze or smog. Dust is typically classified as follows;  TSP - Total Suspended Particulate Matter (TSP) all dust (particles suspended) in the air.  PM10 - Particles with a diameter less than 10 microns (0.01 mm). Particles in the size range 2.5 μm to 10 μm in diameter are referred to as coarse particles (PM2.5-10).  PM2.5 - Particles with a diameter less than 2.5 microns (0.0025 mm) (a subset of both PM10 and TSP categories). These are referred to as fine particles and are mainly produced from combustion processes such as vehicle exhaust. Any dust that falls out of suspension in the atmosphere is called deposited dust. Larger or heavier particles are deposited more readily than small or lighter particles. Dust levels in the air are commonly measured in two ways; 1. Concentration, the weight (in micrograms) of dust in one cubic metre of air (μg/m3). Dust as TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 can be measured in this manner. 2. Deposition rate, the weight (in grams) of dust falling on one square metre over time and is usually expressed as mg/m2/day. Dust is characterized as emcompassing Particulate Matter (PM) with a particle size of between 1 and 75 microns (1 – 75 µm). Deposition typically occurs in close proximity to the source and potential dust impacts may occur within 500 m of dust generating activity as dust particles fall out of suspension in the air. Larger particles deposit closer to the generating source and deposition rates will decrease with distance from the source. Particles which are deposited to ground may raise to problems such as soiling of buildings and other materials and general nuisance. Construction activities are likely to generate some dust emissions, depending on the construction dust mitigation measures adhered to on the particular site. Nuisance dust usually has a particle size larger than 10 microns and tends to be trapped in the nose, mouth, throat or upper respiratory tract and are typically expelled from the body. However, high levels of nuisance dust may reduce visibility and amenity. The presence nuisance dust can also cause a perceived increase in health risk. Visible dust is usually due to short-term episodes of high emissions, such as from blasting. Other amenity impacts include dust depositing on fabrics (such as clothes washing), or on household surfaces including roofs. Particulate Matter less than 10 micrometers in size (PM10) can penetrate deep into respiratory system increasing the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular disorders. PM10 arises from direct emissions of primary particulate such as black smoke and formation of secondary PM in the atmosphere by reactions of gases such as sulphur dioxide and ammonia. The main sources of primary PM10 are incomplete burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and peat and emissions from road traffic, particularly, diesel engines. Other sources of particulates include re-suspended dust from roads. Natural PM includes salt and organic materials such as pollens. 3.5.1. Ambient Air Quality Standards International Air Quality Standards The EC Directive 1999/30/EC of April 22, 1999 establishes limit values and alert tresholds for SO2, NO2, Particulate Matter (PM10) and lead in ambient air intended to ‘’avoid, prevent and reduce 3.26 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline harmfull effects on human health and environment as a whole’’. The annual and daily limit values given in the Council Directive 1999/30/EC are in the following table; Table 3,12: Limit Values of Directive 1999/30/EC Limit Limit Value Averaging Value Basis of Application of the Pollutant Objective Period µg/m3 Limit Value Protection of Not to be exceeded more than 25 Human health 24 hours 50 times in a calendar year PM10 Protection of Human health Calendar year 40 Annual Mean Not to be exceeded more than 3 Protection of 24 hours 125 times in a calendar year Human health Calendar year Limit Value for SO2 and Winter Protection of 20 Annual Mean (October 1 to Eco-system March 31) CO 8 hours 10.000 Maximum Daily 1 200 Hourly NO2 Protection of Calendar year 40 Annual Human health Protection of Lead Calendar year 0.5 Annual Human health Air quality standards of USEPA and WHO related to CO, NOx, SO2, and PM10 are given in the following table for a comparison. Table 3,13: Air Quality Standards of USEPA and WHO USEPA WHO Pollutant Averaging Standard Averaging Time Guideline Time CO 35 ppm 1 hour 35 ppm 1 hour NOx 53 ppb 1 hour 106 ppb 1 hour SO2 140 ppb 1 hour 134 ppb 1 hour m3 m3 PM10 150 µg / 24 hours 70 µg / 24 hours Notes: 3 ‘ppm’ : Parts per Million equals to mili g/m 3 ‘ppb’ : Parts per Billion equals to micro g/m 3 ‘µg/m ’ :Micro gram per cubic meter equals to micro gram per square meter for PM. National Air Quality Standards of Azerbaijan National Ambient Air Quality Standards of Azerbaijan is given on the table below; Table 3,14: National Ambient Air Quality Standards Maximum Allowed Concentrations (mg/m3) Pollutants Maximal Concentration Average daily for a given moment concentration Dust 0.15 0.06 Carbonic Oxides (CO) 5.0 3.0 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) 0.5 0.05 Nitrous Oxides (NOx) 0.085 0.04 Benzole 1.5 0.8 Fluoride Compounds 0.02 0.005 Phenol 0.01 0.01 Non-toxic Dust 0.5 0.15 3.27 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline Soot 0.15 0.05 Formaldehyde 0.035 0.012 Chlorine 0.1 0.03 Hydrogene Sulphide 0.008 0.008 Nitrobenzene 0.008 0.008 Ammonia 0.2 0.2 Acetone 0.35 0.35 Methanol 1.0 0.5 Ozone (O3) 0.16 0.03 Hydrocarbon 1.0 - Lead and its compound 0.0010 0.0002 ( except tetraethyl lead) * Source: Maximum allowable concentrations of toxic elements in the working area GOST 12.1.005-88; Ministry and Ecology and Natural Resources of Azerbaijan, 2003. Criteria applicable to Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) The annual criterion for Total Suspended Particulate (or TSP) is 90 μg/m3, as recommended by the USEPA Medical Research Council. The construction activities as dust-producing sources, PM10 emission factors borrowed from other industries are generally found to be inapplicable to construction sources. In addition, the observed PM2.5:PM10 ratios (USEPA, AP-42) often fall outside the range of those published for most fugitive dust emission source categories, that is, typically between 0.15 and 0.25. Alternately, a more conservative value of 6 g/vehicle can also be used for emissions inventory purposes (USEPA, AP-42). The PM10 particle size fraction is typically of the order of 50% of the TSP mass. The annual TSP criteria is seen to be achieved if the annual PM10 criteria is satisfied. Criteria Applicable to Particulate Matter less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) The USEPA refernces the following criteria for PM2.5;  A 24 hour maximum of: 25 µg/m3  An annual average of: 8 µg/m3 Nuisance Impacts of Fugitive Emissions Nuisance impacts with respect to air quality generally relate to deposited dust. There is no National or EU guidelines for dust deposition. The Australian National Park and Wildlife Act 1974, impact assessment criteria can be recommended for the Project to avoid nuisance impact from dust fallout are;  Maximum deposited dust level: 4 gr/m2/month annual average, and  Maximum increase in deposited dust level: 2 gr/m2/month annual average. Criteria Applicable to Odor Emissions The odour threshold defines one odour unit (OU), hence an odour criterion of less than 1 OU would theoretically result in no odour impact being experienced. The following criteria is given as a design criteria, and it should be expressed that there is no individual be exposed to ambient odor levels of greater than 7 OU. As the population in and surrounding the Project Corridor is predominantly rural and sparsely populated, the Project Odor Performance goal adopted, is;  99th percentile 6.0 odour units (OU) expressed as a nose response average (1-second) value. 3.28 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline Table 3,15: Criterian Applicable to Odor Emissions Population of Affected Community Odor Performance Criteria (OU) Urban Area (>2000) 2.0 500 - 2000 3.0 125 - 500 4.0 30 - 125 5.0 10 - 30 6.0 Single Residence (<2) 7.0 Source: USEPA Dust Deposition Deposited dust or ‘nuisanse’ dust issue is complex and preception of dust nuisance (e.g. as observed settling on clean surfaces such as window sill and a car body) tends to be subjective. Nevertheless, guideline standards have been adopted as indicated in the following table. The wide variation of in values illustrates the difficulty in assigning meaningful standards for compliance, however, there appears to be general agreement that ‘Nuisance’ may be experienced at deposited dust levels of about 130 – 200 mg/m2/day. Table 3,16: Dust Deposition Nuisance Tresholds Monthly Mean Value Country of Origine Interpretation mg/m2/day Washington State, 187 Residential area treshold for nuisance USA Western Australia 133 - 333 Loss of amenity first perceived Unacceptable reduction in air quality Below this value, no significant nuisance can be Germany, TA Luft. 350 - 650 expected (Annual average based on monthly Vol. 27.2.1986 collection – long term), Maximum of the 12 monthly collections - short term Average Daily Maximum allowable concentrations of toxic Azerbaijan 150 - 500 elements in the working area GOST 12.1.005-88; Ministry and Ecology and Natural Resources of Azerbaijan, 2003. Emission characteristics depend on several parameters such as vehicle age, engine speed, working temperature, ambient temperature, pressure, type and quality of fuel. The following table lists the emissions of pollutants of leaded fuel and diesel oil, measured for an average vehicle in 1977 by USEPA. Table 3,17: Emissions from Vehicles Emissions (g/km/vehicle) Pollutants Leaded Fuel Diesel Oil Nitrogen Oxides, NOX 1.20 9.2 Carbon Monoxide, CO 39.00 15.0 Sulphur Dioxide, SO2 0.08 1.50 Hydrocarbons, HC 2.60 2.90 Particulate Matter, PM 0.40 0.80 Lead, pb 1 0.064 - Source: USEPA, 1977. 1 Diesel Oil does not contain lead. The Environmental Quality Standards for motor vehicles exhaust and noise are given in the following table; 3.29 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline Table 3,18: Environmental Quality Standards for Motor Vehicles Exhaust and Noise Standart Parameter Measuring Method (maximum permissible limit) 40 % or 2 on the Ringleman scale To be compared with Ringleman chart Smoke during engine acceleration mode at a distance of 6 meters or more New Vehicle = 4.5 % Under idling conditions: no dispersive Carbon Monoxide Used Vehicle = 6 % infra red detection through gas analyzer Sound meter at 7.5 meter from the Noise 85 db(A) source Project Air Quality Criteria - Summary In summary, the specific goals being applied to the Project, which conform to current air quality targets, are as follows; Table 3,19: Summary Project Air Quality Criteria PM10 : A 24 hour maximum of 50 µg/m3 An annual average of 40 µg/m3 PM2.5 : A 24 hour maximum of 25 µg/m3 An annual average of 8 µg/m3 Dust1 : A maxiumum average of 4 g/m2/month Maximum increase in deposited dust level: 2 g/m2/month annual Average Odor (OU) : 99th percentile 2 OU for Kurdamir city, 6 OU along the pipeline route (1 second value) TSP (total : 90 µg/m3 Suspended Particulate 1 Dust: Nuisance expected to impact on residential areas when annual average dust deposition levels 2 exceed 3.8 g/m /month. Data for the full period of a day or a year could not be collected within the constraints of this study. 3.5.2. Sensitive Receivers in the Project Corridor Within the Corridor of Impact 1 The domestic premises, hotel, hostel, hospital, clinic, nursery, school, educational institution, office, factory, shop, shopping centre, place of public worship, library, court of law, sports stadium or performing arts centre are considered to be an Air and Noise Sensitive Receiver (ANSR). Any other place with which, in terms of duration or number of people affected, has a similar sensitivity to the air pollutants as the afore listed places are also being considered to be a sensitive receiver, for example, playground, sitting area of parks and promenade. The identified representative ANSRs are listed in the following table and the corresponding locations are shown in Exhibit 3.5. Table 3,20: Details of representative Air and Noise Sensitive Receivers in Kurdamir city Distance from Item ASRs Nos Use Project boundry (m) 1 Schools 6 Educational Institution 20-70 2 Day Care 9 Educational Institution 10-40 3 Chess School 1 Educational Institution 5 4 Apprentice School 1 Educational Institution 20 5 Worship 2 Praying 30-50 3.30 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline 6 Administrative buildings 36 Administration 0-90 Shop, shopping centre, small 7 Commercial Buildings 104 0-80 workshops, restaurants 8 Clinics 1 Medical Facility 20 9 Hospital 4 Medical Facility 40 10 Nursing Home 1 Accomodation 20 11 Almshouse 1 Accomodation 10 12 Hotel 3 Accomodation 0-10 Conference, Movie 13 Public Hall 1 theater, Cultural 40 Facility 14 Museum 2 Exhibition 30-80 Libraries-Art centers, 15 Cultural Facilities 2 10-50 Cultural house 16 Movie Theater 1 Cultural Facility 40 17 Libraries 2 Cultural Facility 20-40 18 Sports Hall 3 Sports 35-70 19 Terminal Building 1 Land Transportation 15 20 Terminal Building 1 Railway 20 21 Court of Law 1 Court 30 22 Stadium 1 Sports 75 23 Mini Football Facilty 1 Sports 20 Houses-Apartments block, including 50% 24 Domestic premises* 6381 0-90 of Atakishili and Xirdapay villages 6407 *Source: Rayon Public Utility Departments and Feasibility Report. Within the Corridor of Impact 2 There are no domestic premises, hotel, hostel, hospital, clinic, nursery, school, educational institution, office, factory, shop, shopping centre, place of public worship, and cultural and historical heritage is considered to be an Air and Noise Sensitive Receiver (ANSR) in the Corridor of Impact 2 (CoI 2), see Exhibit 1.1. 3.6. Noise Levels Noise pollution is an environmental and workplace problem. Excessive noise can cause permanent or temporary loss of hearing. Loud sounds affect the circulatory and nervous systems, although the effects are difficult to assess. The locations included residences, schools, and hospitals in the urbanized areas, situated at a distance between 0 m and 90 m from the edge of the embankments of the trenches, see Table-3,21. However, noise effected area for open areas is given 300 m from the point source for terrestrial wildlife and immigrant and non-immigrant birds. Human Response to Noise Studies have shown that under controlled conditions in an acoustics laboratory, a healthy human ear is able to discern changes in sound levels of 1 dBA. In the normal environment, the healthy human ear can detect changes of about 2 dBA; however, it is widely accepted that changes of 3 dBA in the normal environment are considered barely detectable to most people. A change of 5 dBA is readily perceptible and a change of 10 dBA is perceived as being twice as loud. A USEPA report identified a 24-hour exposure level of 70 dBA as the level of environmental noise that will prevent any measurable hearing loss over a lifetime. Levels of 55 dBA outdoors and 45 dBA 3.31 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline indoors are identified as preventing annoyance and not interfering with spoken conversation and other activities such as sleeping, working, and recreation. Ground Attenuation Most often, the noise path between the noise source and the observer is very close to the ground. Noise attenuation from ground absorption and reflective wave canceling adds to the attenuation. Traditionally, the excess attenuation has also been expressed in terms of attenuation per doubling of distance. For acoustically “hard” sites (i.e., sites with a reflective surface, such as a parking lot or a smooth body of water, between the source and the receiver), no excess ground attenuation is assumed. For acoustically absorptive or “soft” sites (i.e., sites with an absorptive ground surface, such as soft dirt, grass, or scattered bushes and trees), an excess ground attenuation value of 1.5 dBA per doubling of distance is normally assumed. When added to the geometric spreading, the excess ground attenuation results in an overall drop-off rate of 4.5 dBA per doubling of distance for a line source and 7.5 dBA per doubling of distance for a point source. WHO guideline values for environmental noise in specific environments are given in the following table; Table 3,21: Noise Environment LAeq Time Base LAmax Specific Environment Critical health effect(s) (dBA) (hours) (dBA, fast) Serious Annoyance, daytime and evening, 55 16 - Outdoor living area Moderate Annoyance, Daytime and 50 16 - evening Speech intelibility and moderate Dwelling Indoors annoyance, daytime and evening 35 16 - Inside Bedrooms Sleep disturbance, night time 30 8 45 Sleep disturbance – window open, Outside bedrooms night time 45 8 60 Blasting Criteria The ground vibration and airblast levels that cause concern or discomfort to residents are generally lower than the relevant building damage limits. The US EPA nominates building damage assessment criteria as presented in the following table; Table 3,22: Building Damage Assessment Criteria Airblast Level Building Type Vibration Level (dB re 20 uPa Sensitive and Heritage PVS* 5 mm/s 133 dB (Linear) Peak Residential PVS 10 mm/s 133 dB (Linear) Peak Commercial / Industrial PVS 25 mm/s 133 dB (Linear) Peak * PVS: Peak Vector Sum Typical Noise Environment Typical noise levels that can be applicable for the Project environment, are shown in the following table; 3.32 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline Table 3,23: Typical noise levels that can be applicable for the Project environment Common Outdoor Noise Source in the Noise Level Common Indoor Noise Source in Project Area (dBA) the Project Area Large truck pass by at 15 meters Noisy Restaurant and 80 Chainsaw nearby Garbage disposal at 1 meter Gas lawn mower at 30 meters and Vacuum cleaner at 3 meters and 70 Commercial urban area daytime Normal speech at 1 meter Suburban daytime 60 Active Office environment Highway Traffic Urban Area night time Busy Local traffic 50 Quiet Office environment Strong Wind in the trees Suburban Night time Distant Suburban Traffic 40 Light Wind in the trees Quiet Rural Areas Library Light Wind in the Grass 30 Quiet Bedroom at night Far Distant Traffic Wilderness Area 20 Most Quiet Remote Areas 10 Quiet Recording Studio Treshold of Human Hearing 0 Treshold of Human Hearing Source: CEQA According to State Ecological Expertise, SEE, 1996, the National Maximum Allowable Noise Levels as indoor criteria will be used in this Project and the corresponding with the international applications in Chapter 6 (Impact Assessment), and those are in the table below; Table 3,24: National Maximum Allowable Noise Levels Noise Standard (max) in decibel (dbA) Land Use Daytime Nighttime (07:00-23:00) (23:00-7:00) Residential Areas 40 30 Commercial Areas 55-60 55-60 Hotels and Dormitories 45 35 Industrial Areas a) Highly qualified workplaces 50 50 b) Permanent workplaces within territory or 80 80 buildings of plants c) Workplaces of track drivers and service 70 70 d) Workplaces of drivers and service for tractors and other equivalent agricultural 80 80 and melioration mechanisms Sensitive Areas a. Hospitals and sanatoriums 35 25 b. Schools, libraries and conference halls 40 40 * Source: Noise Standards GOST 12.1.003-83 UDK 534.835.46:658.382.3:006.354; Gost 12.1.036-81 ST SEV 2834-80 3.7. Ecological Resources Azerbaijan can be divided into the following seven ecosystem complexes, all of which contribute to the large diversity of this small country; 1. Forest ecosystems, 3.33 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline 2. High mountain ecosystems, 3. Dry mountain scrubland ecosystems, 4. Steppe ecosystems, 5. Semi-desert ecosystems, 6. Wetland and 7. Coastal ecosystems. The official data indicate that forests covered about 12% of the country’s territory. The distribution of forested areas is very uneven. The Minor Caucasus 34.2%, the Talish Mountains 14.5%, the Kura Araz lowlands 2.5%, and the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic 0.5%. The forests have been under serious pressure as a source of fuel for heating, timber products and as forest pastures for the numerous privately owned herds of cattle and other livestock. A separate biological investigation in and nearby the Project corridor has been conducted by two local Ecological NGO’s experts (Ilyas Babayev, the Chairman of the Protection and Ecology of Birds Society (PEBS), Local NGO, and Sujaadin Guliyev, Dr. on Biology) specific for the Project. According to result of this investigation, no endemic species, including aquatic and terrestrial, have been identified in or nearby the Project corridor, see Annex-5. 3.7.1. Vegetation Vast areas of the Shirvan lowland and plains along the Kur river are covered with semi-desert of wormwood and Russian thistle while in the lowermost salinized sands and in the humid solonchaks the desert of small bushes is observed. The soil in oases shows long agricultural activity. Such areas benefited from artificial irrigation (although there has been some poor irrigation and secondary salt contamination). They were subsequently enriched with fertilizers and became an important element of the agricultural landscape long ago. Landscape Characteristics Semi-desert areas of the Shirvan plain have poor vegetative cover and a very limited amount of precipitation. Unused lands occupy more areas especially in the eastern part of the plain. The lack of widely outspread irrigation network and increasing the salinity are the main reasons of unusing the lands for cultivation. In the lower parts of debris-cones of Agsu river wormwood-grass and shrubs (Halastagus and Tamarisks) have developed on gray-meadow and pit-lands of flat, wavy-hilled plains along Arabkhanli, Guzlar, and Gochulu. Ephemer-saline semi-desert landscapes on the flat and bloc plains are widely observed on Muradkhanli, Pirili and Arshali villages. Wormwood, wormwood-ephemer, and semi-desert landscapes are predominant on alluvial-proluvial and deluvial plains on gray, gray-meadow saline lands around Kurdemir, Khimisli, Karlar and Sighirli settlements. In the slopes of Girdmanchay river debris-cones, in the west of the area on low hummus gray-meadow and average hummus meadow-gray soils – semi-desert landscape with shrub-meadow-saline plants has expanded. Such landscapes are also observed along Kur River banks on the lowland plain areas including areas around Soyudlar, Garamahmudlu and Arabkhanli villages. The predominant type of landscape in the foots of debris-cones are meadow and swamp plants on meadow-gray and meadow- swamp soils spread in the form of narrow strips, old river beds and marshy (boggy) plains (Garassu). Forests The Forestry Code (established in 1997) defines the State ownership of forests. Per definition, the Forestry Development Department of the MENR is the central authority for forest management. 3.34 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline However, there is no forest zone and/or forest blades in the rayon area. High Mountain Ecosystems There is no high mountain ecosystem area in the rayon area. Dry Mountain Shrubland Ecosystems There is no dry mountain shrubland section within the rayon area. Steppe Ecosystem Formerly widespread throughout the entire Southern Caucasus region, only fragments of steppe communities remain in Azerbaijan today. With a share of almost 60 % of the country’s cultivated territory, most of the former lowland and foothill steppes were turned over to the production of cotton, vines, grain, vegetables and fruit trees. The increased intensity of grazing – steppe regions are traditional winter pastures has contributed to the reduction or alteration of the natural steppe habitats. Former patches of steppe have taken on the character of semi-deserts, as their soil quality and species composition have been extensively modified. Originally, steppes predominantly occurred between the wormwood and saltwort semi-deserts of the lowlands and as forest steppes in the mountains. Today, highly arable regions, especially the foothills along the Greater Caucasus, bear witness to the productivity and soil quality of these former steppe habitats. Interspersed with semi-desert, semi-arid open woodland and thicket communities, the remaining patches of steppe are characterized by species of feather grass (Stipa spp.), Plains Blue-stern (Bothriochloa spp.), Festuca (Festuca spp.), thorny shrubs such as Christ’s Thorn (Paliurus spina- christii), and several important wild relatives of domestic fruit trees. However, no parts of the Project corridor fall into the Steppe Eco-system area. . Semi-Dessert Ecosystem Similar to the steppe regions, the semi-deserts also undergo tremendous changes. Mainly distributed within the Kur - Araz lowlands (Shirvan, East Shirvan, Kur – Araz and Mil – Mughan lowlands), most semi-deserts fell victim to agricultural development, irrigation and intensified grazing within the past decades. Less productive than steppe areas, the patches of semi-desert are mainly used for cotton production, which requires large amounts of fresh water and fertilizers. Whether of natural occurrence or the result of altered steppe habitats, semi-desert areas of manifold character can be found throughout the entire region. The two dominating formations are wormwood semi-desert dominated by Artemisia fragrans and saltwort semi-desert with various chenopodiaceous species (e.g. Salsola dendroides, Salsola ericoides, Suaeda dendroides or Salicornia europea). Depending on the level of soil salinity, a gradient can be established for the semi-deserts. Tree-like saltwort (Salsola dendroides) is a common sight throughout the region, growing on slightly saline soils at roadsides and in disturbed areas. High-mineral (saline) soils support small-leaved Seablite (Sueada microphylla) and Salsola gemmascens, often interspersed with various other chenopod species. Halophytic shrubs such as Halocnemum strobilaceum, Kalidium caspicum and Halostachys caspica often represent the initial stage of vegetation and occur on highly saline soils. Both wormwood and saltwort semi-deserts are often characterized by a high number of ephemeral species, i.e, species that often complete their life cycle within four weeks. The vegetation changes with rising elevation from semideserts with salt shrubs to semi-deserts and steppes with wormwood to grass steppes at higher altitudes. In the rain shadow of hill ridges, it is generally more desert-like than in the surrounding area. 3.35 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline Salt Semi-desert Vegetation At altitudes up to 150 masl and on salt-rich lava streams, salt semi-deserts are common. Few shrubs such as Kalidium caspicum and Halocnemum strobilaceum and the dwarf-shrub Suaeda microphylla characterize the landscape. They are accompanied by salt-tolerant annuals. The first herbs to populate volcanic soils are Petrosimonia brachiata and Lepidium perfoliatum. Artemisia fragrans Semi-desert Vegetation This vegetation type is dominated by Artemisia fragrans, Salsola gemmascens and Plantago ovata. They are accompanied by ephemerals like Bromus rubens, Medicago minima and Filago germanica, and only few perennials. Two types of the Artemisia fragrans semi-desert can be distinguished. One of them ranges from 30 to 115 masl and is made up mostly of salt-resistant species, e.g. Reaumuria hyericoides, Parapholis incurva and Psylliostachys spicata, but also non-salt-adapted ephemerals. This vegetation type forms insular patches enclosed by salt semi-desert. It is probably limited to soils with high salt concentrations, for instance in flat, salt-accumulating pans. In a range within 50 to 100 m around the stables, the original vegetation generally disappeared completely. Especially in places with rain water accumulation, a thistle community dominated by Sylibum marianum and Carduus pycnocephalus develops in spring. The thistles are despised even by donkeys. During summer, no livestock is around the stables. When the thistles dry out at the end of May, ephemeral Chenopodiaceae can grow undisturbed (Chenopodium ficifolium, Atriplex tatarica, Petrosimonia brachiata, Salsola crassa). The Project corridor falls entirely into the Salt Semi-desert Vegetation and partly Artemisia fragrans Semi-desert Vegetation zone. The second type of the Artemisia fragrans semi-desert can be found between 175 and 560 masl. It is characterized by Adonis aestivalis, Alyssum sp., Brachypodium distachyon and the absence of salt- indicating ephemerals. However, this type of Artemisia fragrans semi-desert does not appear in the rayon area and Project corridor. The semi-deserts of Shirvan lowland are mainly used as winter pastures (November, April and May) for various livestock. Herds are made up of up to 3,000 sheep and goats with an additional 35 to 50 heads of cattle. The grass steppe and upper Artemisia steppe are also used for hay making. Roots of Prangos ferulacea are dug up by villagers to prepare colourants. River Valleys and Wetlands Wetland functions are the physical, biological and chemical processes occurring within a wetland, including:  nutrient cycling,  maintaining the local and regional ground and surface water regime (hydrological balance), through regulating water quality and quantity,  removing nutrients, pollutants, sediment and some pathogens (wetland plants and sediments have this ability, though finite),  storing rain and flood waters,  mitigating climate change by absorbing carbon. Waterlands and riverine ecosystem in the region track with wide strips along the main rivers (Girdimanchay, Agsuchay and Kur rivers) and their branches at the northern part of Shirvan lowland and both sides of Kur river. 3.36 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline The vegetation here mainly depends on groundwater. Tamarisks (Tamarix ramosissima, T. tetragyna), Lycium ruthenicum and Nitraria sibirica form the so-called Tugay scrubland. All of them germinate only on river banks and are salt-adapted. Lots of annuals, Chenopodium album, Silybum marianum and different species of Fabaceae, grow between the shrubs after flooding. At the bottom of the banks, clay is accumulated and stores water. This allows taller herbs such as Lepidium draba and Rhapistrum rugosum or the grasses Phalaris canariensis and Andropogon ischaemum to form dense meadows. Meadow grass, wormwood association formed by Artemisia fragrans and bulbous meadow grass with ephemerals grow on the Shirvan plain near Kur river, and as individual fragments all along Kur riverbed. Wormwood Artemisia fragrans and bulbous meadow grass dominate within the phytocoenosis, they are abundant and make up the core of association. Most typical among ephemerals are: cudweed Filago pyramidata, perfoliate pepperwort Lepidium perfoliatum, Japanese brome Bromus japonicus, crane’s-bill Erodium cicutarium and others. Directly behind the tamarisks zone, a strip with the salt-wort associations runs along the river. Alongside with salt-wort Artemisia fragrans, Suaeda microphylla, Salsola crassa, are often found as sub-edificator in this synusia, less often - Halostachys caspica, Kalidium caspicа and others. Camel thorn Alhagi pseudoalhagi, which occasionally forms mixed associations with the salt-wort Salsola dendroides and shorewort grass Aeluropus repens are key chal-meadow plants growing along Kur riverbed. It has been determined that the Tugai forest blades and shrubberies along the river valleys have been under serious pressure as a source of fuel for heating and timber products, and as pastures for the numerous privately owned herds of cattle and other livestock. See Annex-5. 3 km of Project corridor section along the raw water transmission main and new HIGD in the southern part of Kulullu valley travel on the Girdimanchay flood plain. These sections of the Project corridor refer to the area of land adjacent to a water body, and are are accepted as the riparian buffer corridors, and indicated in Exhibit 6,2 Water Marshy Plants Reeds Phragmites australis, Mentha sp, Potamogeton sp, Myriophyllum sp. and Ranunculus sp. quickly grow in the sludgy ponds and seasonal river beds. Plants growing on the shores – trees and shrubs, such as Tamariaks sp, Rubus sp, Populus sp, Salix sp, oleaster Eleagnus angustifolia, pomegranate Punica granatum, and also marshy species: lesser reedmace Thypha angustifolia, reeds Phragmites australis, bindweed Polygonum lapathifolium and galingale Cyperus longus. Characteristic river species Tamarisks ramosissima, Rubus sanguineus, Atriplex tatarica, Alhagi pseudoalhagi and others are found on the banks of Kur river in associations with the southern reeds. Cultivated Garden Plants 2150 hectares of agricultural lots surrounding Project Corridor between Kullulu village and Kurdamir city fall into the corridor of impact 2 (CO 2). No parts of the cultivated lands fall into the corridor of impact 1 (COI 1) along the Project corridor. 3.7.2. Nature Protection and Protected Areas These include the National Parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and game reserves under the control of the Forest Department of Azerbaijan and MENR. However, there is no National Park, wildlife sanctuaries and/or game reserve areas in the rayon area. 3.37 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline 3.7.3. Terrestrial Wildlife and Endangered Species Terrestrial Fauna 28 species of mammals have been recorded in Shirvan plain, 4 of which are listed in annex II and 12 in the annex IV of the directive 92/43/EEC. The Azerbaijan Red Book includes 2 species and the IUCN list one. The mammals are dominated by several species of rodents, with Meriones lybicus, Allactaga elater and Microtus socialis the most common. Also, bats are diverse with ten species. Another typical inhabitant of the semi-desert region is Hemiechinus auritus. However, all the same number in the mammal fauna is dominated by rodents. Of the remaining species is relatively common to see brown hare, whiskered bat, pipistrelle bat, and Kuhl's pipistrelle. Common large carnivores include Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) and Golden Jackal (Canis aureus), and Wolves (C. lupus) also occur here regularly. Of the carnivore species at all possible to meet the fox, the appearance of the wolf is more prevalent in winter season, when flocks of sheep descend from the mountains for the winter. In 2007, Goitred Gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa) were recorded several times in the area. They migrate from Shirvan National Park and would probably inhabit the whole region if not for the strong poaching pressure. Locals hunt especially for hares that they regularly shoot small numbers of gazelles. All animal species indicated in Annex-5, have a fixed mode of life in Kur – Araz lowlands. The breeding season of the most terrestrial habitats is from May to July in the region. No endemic species occur within the Project corridor, see Annex-5. Birds About 110 wild bird species have been recorded in the region, 36 of them are listed in the annex I of the directive 79/409/EEC and 9 by the IUCN (4 NT, 3 VU, 2 EN). 9 species are included in the Azerbaijan Red Data Book and 53 are of special European conservation concern (7 x SPEC 1, 12 x SPEC 2, and 34 x SPEC 3). The avifauna of Shirvan lowland represents the typical breeding bird communities of the lowland semi-desert of Transcaucasia and dry steppes of the foothills of the southern Greater Caucasus. Typical species in the open plains are larks, Isabelline Wheatear, Black-bellied Sandgrouse and Stone Curlew. The hills with loam cliffs are inhabited by Finsch’s Wheatear, Rock Nuthatch, Rock Sparrow and Chukar. The few rock outcrops provide breeding sites for Redbilled Chough, Long-legged Buzzard, Lesser Kestrel (VU), Griffon and Egyptian Vulture (EN). Also, a brood of Lanner Falcon was recently rediscovered after 50 years without a record, and this is probably the only nesting place of this species in Azerbaijan. During migration and in wintertime many more species occur in the area. Larks and Meadow Pipits are very abundant passerines, and flocks of Little Bustard forage in the wide plains, sometime together with geese, among which a Red-breasted Goose (VU) has been observed. Among the birds, White Pelican living in the area of the proposed project corridor are included into the Red Book of Azerbaijan, and Little Bustard is included into the Red List of International Nature Protection. These species are occasionally encountered in the project area for feeding. No migration path of the avian and terrestrial species gets across the project corridor. See Annex-5. The breeding season for most bird species is from September to December and April to July. Specifically for the migrating birds, this season is from the end of March to the end of June. The levels of disturbance along the RoW should be decreased with the mitigation measures. 3.38 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline Endangered species Most of the plant species are common and widespread; none of them are listed in the IUCN Red List or are endangered in Azerbaijan. Two Transcaucasian endemic species, Ophrys caucasica and Linaria schirvanica, grow in the grassslands of Shirvan lowland. Nevertheless, the habitat diversity, the species composition and the traditional land use scheme (winter pasturing) need to be protected on a larger scale. The Shirvan lowland is surely one of the natural highlights of Azerbaijan. The region is large enough that Goitred Gazelles would have the chance to live here alongside the high numbers of sheep. Therefore, awareness among the local population needs to be developed to stop all hunting activities targeting this species. Water regulation, including the construction of dams and management of water flows and extraction levels, has affected aquatic habitats significantly, particularly in the absence of adequate measures for protection of fisheries and other aquatic species. Alien species are a particular issue in the Caspian Sea, where the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi has been introduced, and has the potential to decimate planktonic fry and ultimately fish stock. With increased intensity in agriculture, the weed communities in the fields may also become endangered. Irrigation has impacted much of the Shirvan lowland, and canals have fragmented much of the wider natural habitat, preventing free migration of animal species (especially as they lack appropriate bridges or escape paths for wildlife). Over recent years the collapse of these systems due to lack of repair has resulted in changes in the chemical composition of soil, increase in the ground- water level and gradual increases in salinity in lowland. Remains of tugai forests or groups of trees on the Kur river aluvium are alternated with shrubs, often with dominating tamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima) and areas with secondary chalmeadow plants. Forest is heavily cut down and damaged by grazing. Besides, due to recession of water level trees in tugai forests along the shores of Kur river are disappearing. Other species of conservation concern that regularly visit the site are Pallid Harrier (NT), Steppe Eagle, Saker Falcon (EN) and Black Stork. The most threatened species in the region is the Sociable Lapwing (CR), which has a traditional resting place here. In March and April 2006 and 2007, several flocks of up to 180 birds have been recorded. This clearly shows the immense importance of the region for the protection of this critically endangered species. Threats for the birds are hunting (for Chukars, geese and Little Bustards) and habitat destruction through intensive grazing. 3.7.4. Aquatic Biology Two species of amphibians and 20 reptiles have been recorded in the region. One of them is listed in annex II and 8 in annex IV of the directive 92/43/EEC. Testudo greaca is the only species included in the Azerbaijan and IUCN Red Data Book. Among the reptiles, on the investigated Kur river shores are relatively common only European pond terrapin, spur-thighed tortoise, gecko Caucasian agama, European glass lizard, Lacerta strigata, and water snake. In the area of research, they can be found in the Kur River, and in the canals. However, they breed only on the ground, laying eggs in the sand. All reptiles live and breed on the ground. All species are typical for the Azerbaijan semi-desert lowland. Eremias arguta and E. velox are common in the saline semi-deserts, whereas all rocky areas are inhabited by Stellio caucasicus and Cyrtopodion caspius. Macrovipera lebetina and Testudo graeca occur all over the region. In the ponds and stagnant waters, Rana ridibunda and Bufo viridis can be found. The breeding season for most amphibians is winter period from the end of the December to the end of the February with the exact date depending on local climatic conditions (Nyman, 1991). 3.39 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline Aquatic flora very poorly developed in the Kur river, due to the turbidity of water, strong stream, the composition of soil and poverty biogenetic elements. In the Lower Kur phytoplankton algae found only at the dam of Mingechevir reservoir and near Sabirabad settlement. The number of plankton at the Mingechevir is seven times more than at Sabirabad. In the first section of the Kur algae come from Mingechevir reservoir, and the second, of the Araz river. Enriching the qualitative composition of phytoplankton is due non-plankton diatoms. On the sandy soil of the Lower Kur in places with weak currents vegetate the filamentous algae Spirogyra and Zygnema. Although the qualitative composition of blue-green algae in the plankton of the Lower Kur is poor, some species are found in large quantities. These include species of the genera Microcystis and Oscillatoria. The presence of muddy bottoms and calm currents make the bankline favorable for the development of vegetation. There are reeds, rush and macereed in its both banks. The species composition of zooplankton in the Lower Kur river depends mainly on the qualitative composition of zooplankton in reservoirs located on the Middle Kur, mainly from Mingechevir reservoir. This is due to the fact that zooplankton comes mainly from the reservoirs. So as we move downstream, from the tailrace Varvara reservoir to the mouth of the Kur river the number of zooplankton in the Lower Kur decreases. After the construction of the reservoir Mingechevir number of zooplankton species in the Lower Kur increased from 12 to 34 species. Yet the number of zooplankton in the Lower Kur significantly lower than in Mingechevir and Varvara reservoirs, it is connected destructive influence of water flow through turbines of hydroelectric stations, turbidity of water, swift current and discharge of drainage water in Kur river. By now 83 species and forms of benthic invertebrates were found in the Lower Kur river. The benthos of the Lower Kur first place occupied by the species composition of larvae tendipedid, which constituted 27.7 % of the fauna. Second place among benthic animals belong ephemera (11%). There are five species of Caspian crustaceans in Lower Kur river, of which crawfish Astacus leptodactylus is found throughout in this stction of the river, Paramysis kowalewskyi distributed from the mouth of the river to the Kurdemir district, Pontogammarus robustoides and P. sarsi - to Yevlax and Dikerogammarus haemobaphes - to the place of confluence of the Araz river with Kur river. The crawfish, although it is valuable in regard to food, because of the small number rarely caught by amateurs. Hydrological and hydrochemical conditions of the Lower Kur throughout are more or less homogeneous. Therefore, the entire river in the media meets sand, and closer to the coast - muddy and silty-sand soils. In this regard throughout the Lower Kur dominated psammorheophilic, pelo-rheophilic and pelopsammo-rheophilic biocenoses. Lithorheophile, argilloreofilny and phytorheofilic biocenoses cover small areas of the Kur and their role in the overall productivity of the river is negligible. Width of psammo-rheophilic biocenosis on different parts of the Kur river ranges from 60 to 270 m. The sandy soil is composed mainly of coarse-sand fractions (0,5-1,0 mm). The share of medium-sand fractions (0.25-0.5 mm) accounted for only 14%. This fraction is mainly found in the beach, in the quieter places. Yet this biocoenosis compared with lithorheophile biocoenosis is less favorable for aquatic life. It should be noted that in the middle of the river flow rate of water to the bottom in all cases decreases and the difference between the currents on average no more than 0,2-0,3 m/sec. Dissolved oxygen in the water ranged from 65 to 108 %. Composition psammo-rheophilic ecological community is very poor, in Sabirabad-Shirvan section of of the Lower Kur river it consist of 4 species and forms: Pontogammarus sarsi (frequency of occurrence is 80.7 %), Palingenia fuliginosa (8.7 %), Polypedilum convictum (5.3 %), Procladius sp. (5.3 %). Other species typical of other biocoenoses and in the bottom samples of the sandy biotope are found in single quantities. 3.40 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline The density of the benthic fauna ranges from 40 to 260 specimen/square meter at biomass 0.24-1.07 g/square meter. The most productive psammo-rheophilic biocenose is from Zardab to Shirvan city. Minimum rates of biomass are marked by the Salyan-mouth of the Kur river. In general, the singing-rheophilic biocenose plays a significant role in the feeding of commercial fish fries in spawning areas of the Kur River. Pelo-rheophilic biocenose forms primarily from the larvae of oligochaetes and tendipedides. Some role in this biocoenosis also play larvae of dragonflies, mayflies and Ponto-Caspian crustaceans. Here can be meet Aulophorus furcatus, Limnodrilus and other oligochaetes, Astacus leptodactylus, Corbicala fluminalis, Gormphus flavipes, G. vulgatissimus, Hydropsyche acuta, Siphlonurus linnaeanus, Baetis sp., Ordella sp., Phryganea sp., Corixa panctata, Tanytarsus mancas, Cryptochironomas burganadzeae, C. defectas, and Cryptochiroriomus anomalis. Random elements of this ecological community are leeches Piscicola geometra and Glossiphonia complanata. The first of these is mostly found in fish and various subjects. Argillorheophilic biocenose covers the steep banks of the Lower Kur river. This biocenose consists of only 2 species: Palingenia longicauda and P. fuliginosa. Of these, P. fuliginosa in the Lower Kur has a magnificent development and lives only in special holes and precipitous shores. Lithorheophile biocenose formed on the stony ground, and partly on the flooded trees and bushes. In the Lower Kur river this biocenose occurs mainly in the tailrace Mingechevir hydroelectric power station, at Varvara-Yevlakh area and Piraza village, near the confluence of the Terterchay river. Fitorheophilic biocenose formes on the aquatic macrophytes, which have a small development in the coastal zone of the Lower Kur at Mingechevir and Varvara, the mouth of the Kur river, they are the substrate fitoreofilnyh animals. Pondweeds and reeds, where larvae tendipedid are found are main substrate in this biocenose. Common toad (buto bufo) commenly occurs in or nearby the Project corridor. For a list of terrestrial aquatic species (amphibians) living nearby the Project corridor, see Annex-5. Fish and Fisheries Ichthyofauna of the Lower Kur river contains 43 species and subspecies, which belong to 11 families. A comprehensive list of ichthyofauna of the river is given in Annex-5. Three species of Cyclostomata and fishes - Caspian lamprey (Caspiomyzon wagneri), white-eyed bream (Abramis sapa), and sabrefish (Pelecus cultratus) are included into the Azerbaijan Red Book. Beluga (Huso huso), ship sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris), Persian sturgeon (A. gueldenstedti persicus), stellate sturgeon (A. stellatus), and sabrefish (Pelecus cultratus) are included in the Red List of World Conservation Union (IUCN). Some of these fishes, such as beluga, ship sturgeon, Persian sturgeon, Kur stellate sturgeon, Caspian salmon, pike, Kur roach, Black Sea roach, rudd, Caspian asp, tench, chanari barbell, Caspian barbell, Danubian bleak, silver bream, Caspian bream, zahrte, common carp, grass carp, white bighead, catfish, zander, perch are of commercial importance. All fishes, which have no commercial value, are non-migratory. Caspian lamprey and some commercial fishes, such as acipenserids (sturgeons), Caspian salmon, Black Sea roach, Caspian barbell, Caspian bream, and zahrte are migratory, they go to the river only to spawn. Kura roach, catfish, zander, and common carp have both non-migratory and migratory populations. However, the section of the Kur river, which lies along the southern border of the rayon, not a major area for spawning of the most valuable commercial fishes, like acipenserids or salmon. Commercial resources of these fishes are supported largely by hatcheries. The upstream of Girdimanchay and Agsuchay rivers is not rich in fish species. Only, the brown trout (saloma fario) occurs in the upstream of rivers. However, no parts of these rivers fall into the rayon 3.41 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline area or Project corridor. No information is obtained on the DO levels in Girdimanchay and Agsuchay rivers during the EIA performance period from AWM OJSC or other institutions. Adequate oxygen levels are necessary to provide for aerobic life forms which carry on natural stream purification processes. The aquatic life is put under stress if dissolved oxygen levels in water drop below 5.0 mg/l. 3.8. Cultural and Historical Environment Four internationally archeological, and one nationally important cultural heritage site exists in the rayon area. Buyak and Shalakon (nearby Sigirli village), Garatepe and Shehergah ancient settlements (III and VIII Centuries) are internationally important archeological sites in the rayon area. Nationally important historical heritages are densed in and nearby the Arabgubali village. Tomb-Xalife (XIX century) and Mosque-Xalife (XIX Century) are located in this village. See Exhibit 3,6. However, no historical and archeological heritage sites exist in the city’s settled area. Only, five architectural memorials (Monument to Mother, Memorial for World War II, January 20 monumental memorial, Bust of Memish Abdullayev, Alley of Martyrs and H. Aliyev Sculpture in H. Aliyev square) exist in the city. Architectural memorials, cultural, and archeological importance located along the Project corridor is given in the following table; Table 3,25: Cultural and Historical Heritages along the Project corridor Distance from Settlement Type Nos Name of the site the construction Site (m) H. Aliyev sculpture Kurdamir city Architectural Memorial 5 and Monumental 25-70 memorials Internationaly important Buyak and Shalakon Sigirli village Archeological sites 2 ancient settlements 22000 Nationally important Historical Arabgubali village Heritage sites 2 Historical Heritage 28000 3.9. Construction Camps and other Contractor(s)’ Facility 3.9.1. Construction Camp Campsite will be located keeping in view the availability of an adequate area for establishing camps, including parking areas for machinery, stores and workshops, access to communication and local markets, and an appropriate distance from sensitive areas in the vicinity. Final location will be selected by the contractor with the approval of AWM OJSC and/or Rayon executive Power. The construction contractor camp(s) will be temporarily established for the construction period, and land will be leased for setting up campsites and for acquiring earth fill. Contractor’s Workforce The following table gives the typical workforce requirement for the construction contract; Table 3,26: Estimated workforce requirement for the construction contract No Contractor’s Staff Workforce 1 Key Personnel 20 2 Skilled Labor 50 3 Semi-skilled Labor 50 4 Unskilled Labor 120 Total 240 An estimated workforce of 220 will be required for the contract, of which, apart from managerial staff and engineers, about 50 will be skilled labor, 50 semi-skilled, and 120 unskilled. 3.42 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline 3.9.2. Contractor(s) ‘ Equipments and Plants Contractor(s) Equipments The following table gives the number of different types of machinery likely to be deployed. Table 3,27: Estimated machinary requirement for the construction contract No Type of Machinary Quantity 1 Buldozer 2 2 Backhoe Excavator 8 3 Trench Excavator 6 4 Scraper 4 5 Mobile Pump 8 6 Concrete Mixer-Truck 6 7 Mechanical Workshop-Mobile 6 8 Mechanical Workshop-Central 2 9 Dumptruck 18 10 Mobile Crane 4 11 Compressor-with trailer 4 12 Diesel Gen.sets 6 13 Roller-Vibrating-110 4 14 Roller compactor-90-without vibrating 4 15 Tanker Truck-with pump 8 Total 90 The construction contract will require about 90 different types of machinery and plants. The area requirement for the construction camp will depend upon the workforce deployed and the type and quantity of machinery mobilized. In view of the area required, it will not be possible to locate the camp within the RoW and the contractor will have to acquire land on lease from the private landowners or Rayon Executive Power. 3.9.3. Construction Materials The materials to be used for the construction include coarse aggregates, fine aggregates (sand), earth, water, asphalt and cement. Almost all these raw materials are locally available in Aran Economic region and surrounding the rayon centre. The earth and water required for construction are available in Kurdamir rayon. Coarse aggregates and fine aggregates (sand) are available in Kurdamir in and around the Project corridor. Standards and Organizations BS British Standards ASTM American Standard for Testing Materials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI American Concrete Institute ANSI American National Standard Institute ISO International Standard Organisation IEC International Electrotechnical Commission DIN German National Standards USBR United States Bureau of Reclamation Coarse and Fine Aggregates The aggregate material required is mined from specified existing quarries. The quarries, crusher plants and concrete batching plant which already have the required licenses, exist in the rayon. 3.43 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Baseline The Design and Build contractor shall transport the required aggregate from the facilities in the rayon earmarked by the AWM OJSC and/or the relevant department of Rayon Executive Power. All required permits and approvals shall provide by AWM OJSC and Rayon Executive Power for providing the aggregate material needed. Solid Materials for Backfill Earth fill material of desired specification is locally available nearby the Project area. The ‘borrow areas' earmarked by the AWM OJSC and/or the local authorities for earth material shall be surveyed by the Design and Build Contractor, and will be leased to the contractor by the relevant department of Rayon Executive Power. In most cases, the contractor will lease another land in the vicinity on short- term basis for the purposes of acquiring earth material. The existing layer of topsoil will be scraped and stockpiled to be used later to restore the borrow area for agricultural use. Water Requirements for the Construction The canal water is available in the rayon. The contractor will obtain permission from the rayon irrigation departments for acquiring surface water from the canals and/or groundwater from the sub- artesian wells, if required. All surface water diversion structures and/or sub-artesian well construction will be restored or hand over to the rayon irrigation department according to directions of AWM OJSC and/or Rayon Executive Power after the completion of the Project by the contractor. 3.10. Encroachments and Structures within the RoW 3.10.1. Ecroachments The agricultural plantations located along the RoW fall to CoI 2, and may be affected from the Project activities on account of productivity. The situation of these lots is studied in Chapter 6.2.7.1. Any potential resettlement issues and issues related to loss of access to farm land should be handled in accordance with the provisions of the Resettlement Policy Framework. 3.10.2. Structures within the RoW Normally, such developments occur on proprietary lands outside the RoW. However, during the field survey, no-squatters, no-shops, no-kiosks, thatched, and mobile vendors established within the RoW were found with the permission and/or protection of village notables and local administration. Several intersections with other public utilities indicated in Table 3,4 occur on the alingment of the treated water pipeline, see Exhibit 3,2, 3,3 and 3,4. 3.44 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Analysis of Alternatives Chapter 4 This Chapter provides a project rationale for the proposed Construction of the Water Supply and Sanitation infrastructure in Kurdamir rayon; an overview of the investment alternatives considered in this study and description of the design alternatives considered for the project corridor. During the project development, various alternatives have been proposed, screened and their technical, economic and environmental criteria have been compared in the previous sections of this study. In terms of environmental criteria, the primary objective was to identify and adopt the options on at least the cost basis, giving full consideration to environmental impacts and benefits in accordance with the Project objectives identified in Chapter 1. The Project options considered are, 1. No-project option, 2. Alternative of investment options, These are discussed in more detail below. 4.1. No-Project Option Although a water supply network exists in the rayon centre Kurdamir city, the satisfactory and hygienic drinkable water cannot be supplied to the customers because of no sufficient exploitation, no adequate storage capacity and water release. No multiple distribution zones are envisaged in the existing water supply network. The existing system can supply the unhygienic drinkable water to the people in the city for 2-4 hours a day through an elevated water tank (350 cum) and public taps. Most people have private water tanks in their plots or flats to bridge the interrupted water supply. Presently, the required water demand can be met without needing of healthy life for the population of targeted service area (e.g. no drinkable water quality, no active treatment facility or disinfection on the existing systems). The rise in the drinking water demand for Project horizon 2030 of Project service area, both for residential and non-residential, will be associated with the insufficient water release, decentralized, and unhygienic conditions (See Chapter 3.2.5, Water Supply and Sanitation Utilities). The continuation on this situation will limit the development of public health and social-economic growth in the rayon. No project option is not desirable as it would impede the Project objectives (the overall aim of the Project is to improve access to safe, reliable and sustainable water supply and sanitation services in the urban centres etc, see Chapter 1), contribute to the environmental degradation, and lead to deterioration of the public health and safety conditions. Under the No-Project alternative the following environmental impacts would be expected;  The structures associated with the Project would not be built and the visual landscape of Project area would remain unchanged, 4.1 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Analysis of Alternatives  Temporary degradation of the watershed on the catchment area nearby Kulullu village for the construction of the raw water catchment facility, along the alignment of transmission and the interceptor sewer, and on the proposed WWTP site, would not occur.  The inhabitants (human and other species) in the Project corridor would not experience the temporary impact of the proposed Project.  Potential temporary impacts to birds, fish, and other resources as a result of the Project would not occur,  Development of public health and social-economic growth would be limited,  Insufficient water release for Kurdamir city would continue,  Maintenance requirements of the existing obsolote and insufficient facilities would continue,  The use of untreated drinking water in the proposed service area would continue,  The disposal of domestic sewage to natural evironment in the southtern part of the city would continue, and  This would continue to contaminate the natural and human environment,  Breaking the cycle of disease transfer would not be provided on the human and other species in the environment,  Protection of groundwater and other resources on the environment of the human community from the pollution of faecal contamination would not be possible,  Thus contamination of the biodiversity within the city’ settled area would continue,  The appropriate use and disposal of domestic water would not be provided to the Project area,  Leakages and spills from the existing public tap network in Kurdamir city would continue to ground, and soil contamination and degradation would continue,  The wastewater leakages and spills directly to human environment would continue,  The householders in the Project area would continue to store the extra water to any storage mean to keep for future, because of the insufficient water release,  The householders in the Project area would continue the use of the extra pumps to rise the distributed tap water to the upper floors, because of the insufficient pressure in the existing water supply network,  They would continue to use the untreated and possibly contaminated sub-surface water for domestic purposes,  Demand-side efficiency on the water sector in the Project area would not be provided, and therefore, supply-side efficiency would not be provided. On account of the reasons listed above, no-project alternative cannot be considered. The feasibility study prepared by the feasibility team demonstrates the need for the proposed improvements based on the drinkable water demand and network studies and significant benefits that can accrue in the form of reduced public health and environmental problems. Thus there is a clear and immediate future need for this project. There are two project options available for improving the Water Supply and Sanitation infrastructure in order to meet the increasing drinkable water demand against the growing population and the growing economy in the rayon. One option is to develop a new Water Supply and Sanitation System, while the other option is to renovate and rehabilitate the existing network. According to the present Project Objectives, the first option is considered more viable, because of the conditions of the unhygienic, dispersed, and insufficient water release in the rayon. 4.2. Water Supply Drinkable water supply may be achieved either by combination existing water supply system’s components with the new additional components like new raw catchment facility and raw water pipeline, new transmission main, water treatment facility, new drinkable water distribution tank, additional pipe network, and a new metering system (installaion the water meters to the customers) in rayon center city, or by using a new water supply system. 4.2 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons -Kurdamir Analysis of Alternatives The proposed Project provides a new water supply system for the service area. The EIA study team is agreed on this opinion because of the following reasons according to environmental and socioeconomical indicators;  The water distribution system in the rayon centre is not in hygienic condition, and complies with no recent national and international edition of rules and regulations. This situation can create a negative induced impact for public health, and likewise, the environmental indicators (e.g., soil contamination by the leakage and seepage of sewage from the existing sewage system, private septic pits and from the corroded water supply pipes).  Replacing the dilapidated and corroded old metal distribution pipes, and adding new junction box and control structures would be an exhaustive Work, and would not be cost effective when compared with the construction of the new distribution network.  There is a small scale and obsolete sewage network that is dilapidated at some parts.  It is unknown how extensive the damage remained on the existing water supply network by the untreated water used. 4.2.1. Alternatives of Raw Water Capture Currently, the drinking water for the city is met from two HIGDU located at the lowstream of Girdimanchay river nearby Kulullu village in Agsu rayon at about 170 masl. The Feasibility Consultant and Beneficiary (AWM OJSC) envisage for using of sub surface lateral water collected with this HIGDU, to provide the raw water for the water supply system of Kurdamir city. This alternative offers a WTP which will be constructed in the upper levels of Arabmehdibey village. The land of the proposed WTP site is currently owned by the SuKanal Department of Kurdamir rayon. The site is located at about 89 masl north of the mentioned village. Total length of the raw water pipeline will be approximately 5.3 km from the catchment to WTP site in this alternative. Proposal Development for Raw Water Sources On account of this situation, comparison on the alternatives for raw water source is conducted according to environmental parameters, and are below; 1. If the ground water for the project’s raw water requirement would have been requested to be selected, an area which has an unconfined or confined aquifer could be selected in or nearby the Project corridor. 2. If the surface water diversion for the project’s raw water requirement would have been selected, constructing of a surface water diversion unit (SWDU) on the flow channels of Girdimanchay or Agsuchay rivers could be considered. 3. If the sub-surface lateral ground water or river bank filtration methods for the project’s raw water requirement would have been selected, a section of the alluvial accumulative basin of Girdimanchay and Agsuchay rivers could be determined. Evaluating the proposals for the Raw Water Sources 1. On account of the following reasons, this selection can not be considered. - Although vast amount of ground water is deposited beneath the Shirvan plain, saline delluvial form of soils in the region is characterized with specific mechanical composition of land. Soils in lower daisy zone of slopes are almost clayey fully. Amount of salts gradually increase from upper part of delluvial slopes towards lower parts in the lowland. It is necessary to note that salt profiles in all parts of dealluvial slopes are in depressed form. Chlorine ion and Sulphate ion have gathered more in the lower part of the delluvial slopes of the lowland. Maximum amount of the sulphate ion is accumulated in medium lower zone of delluvial zone and in medium layers of daisy zone in the lowland. Additionaly, chemical contamination of 4.3 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Analysis of Alternatives groundwater is caused by the use of mineral fertilizers and chemicals in the region. During the period of 1988 - 1992 more than 800 thousand hectares were annually treated by chemicals (by herbicides, up to 15 kg of chemicals were used per one hectare of land) in Azerbaijan, including the Shirvan plain. The use of chemicals has resulted in considerable contamination of soil and ground water by chlorine organic substances pesticides (COPs) and heavy metals. - The shallow sub-surface under the biggest part of Shirvan lowland is subjected to natural contamination in the form of salinization. The following main salinization types are distinguished; sulphate-chloride-sodium and sulphate/chloride-magnesium/sodium. Local contamination of the shallow sub-surface has been observed by organic and mineral fertilizers in irrigated areas and in land adjacent to mineral fertilizers storehouses, and by various chemical elements and compounds within some industrial plants. See Chapter 3, Figure 3,2. Hardness of the weak brackish water of Shirvan unconfined aquifers reaches 18-27 mg/l. Chemically, the fresh waters consist of mostly hydrocarbonate calcium, hydrocarbonate- chloride and hydrocarbonate-sulfate calcium magnesium- sodium type; whereas sulfate, hydrocarbonate, magnesium, sodium ions and chlorine ions prevail in the composition of weakly brackish waters. - Conclusively, the use of ground water as an alternative raw water source for the Project would require a comprehensive treatment train in the proposed WTP. In addition to the comprehensive treatment train, a vast amount of land and land purchase for the well-field would be required. This would not be a cost-effective solution for the project. 2. This option refers to two alternative surface water bodies which are the low sreams of Girdimanchay and Agsuchay rivers in Agsu rayon. However, these rivers have flooded regime. The water regime of these rivers are characterized by overflow in spring and flood in autumn. Flood flows are a frequent occasion in Girdimanchay river. The rivers’ water is over- mineralized. The mineral content varies between 500-1100 mg/l throughout a year, while average mineralization makes up 563 mg/l. The water quality of these rivers is routinely controlled by AWM OJSC since 2004. According to the reports of AWM OJSC, the TSS level of Girdimanchay river changes between 10.2 mg/l and 122 mg/l, and it changes between 4.96 and 118 mg/l in Agsu river. The use of this rivers’ water would require a comprehensive treatment train during the cleaning cycle of the raw water. This would not be a cost-effective solution. Because of the above reasons, this alternative option is eliminated. 3. This selection offers the flood plains of the rivers in the region possibility to exploit the sub- surface lateral groundwater for the water supply system. Currently, the municipal water supply for the city is provided from an existing Horizontal Infiltration Gallery (HIGD) located in the Kulullu valley on the lowstreams of Girdimanchay river flood plain. The rayon Irrigation Department reports that the flow rates of this HIGD are routinely measured. Average raw water expolitation capacity of this facility is approximately 175 l/s. However, water wastage and leakages from the collection well and tranmission main are huge due to old and dispersed connections of the parts of the pipeline. Water quality of this source is examined by the Feasibility Consultant during the water sampling campaign conducted in March, 2011. The area of this catchment is almost one of the least salinized region of Shirvan Plain. See Chapter 3, Figure 3,2. No comprehensive treatment train in the cleaning cycle would be required in this option. Since a new HIGDU will be constructed in same site as the old one, land degradation and ecological damage would be minimal in this alternative. Besides, no additional land purchase and construction of a service road would be required. Conclusion:  Proposal one and two are eliminated because of the reasons explained in section above ‘evaluating the proposals for raw water sources’.  Proposal three would be most environmentally sound alternative on account of the following reasons. o The sufficient raw water release would be possible. 4.4 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Analysis of Alternatives o No complicated treatment train in the proposed WTP would be required. o Because that the RoW of the existing secondary road network is sufficient, no additional service road and tracks would be required in this alternative. o No additional land purchase would be required. o Construction of a new HIGDU in same site as the old one, land degradation and ecological damage would be minimal in this alternative. See Annex-3. This result supports the Beneficiary (AWM OJSC) and Feasibility Consultant’s concept for raw water capture. Conclusively, the EIA study team accepts this alternative (see Exhibit 1.1 and 2.3) with the provision of taking all mitigation measures foreseen in Chapter 6, and strictly applying the environmental management rules recommended in Chapter 7 during the construction and operation phases to protect the natural environment and aquatic ecology of the water resources and their surrounding. 4.2.2. Alternative Alignments of Raw Water Pipeline A raw water transmission main is required from the catchment to WTP. According to feasibility study team, this pipeline’s length will be approximately 5.3 km up to WTP. The measurement and surveying works conducted by the EIA study team supports this measurements with small differencies. The proposed alignment of pipeline has been foreseen entirely along the existing RoW of the secondary road network, and new pipeline will be aligned with the existing one. The pipeline alignment will have a concrete encased river crossing section which is approximately 1.6 km in length at the lower levels of catchment area. See Exhibit 3,2, 3,3 and 3,4. No part of the pipeline travels on the agricultural lots. Proposal Development of Alignment of Pipeline As there is no appropriate alternative route alignment for the new tranmission main, it would be illogical to determine another alternative route alignment just for comparison. On account of this situation, comparison on the alternatives for raw water pipeline alignment is conducted according to environmentally parameters, and are below; Evaluating the proposal for Raw Water Pipe Line Alignment Table 4,1: Evaluation of the Raw water pipeline Alingnment Assessment Item Factors Route Alignment positive negative Gravity flow up to the city (Engineering- 1 Planning) Yes X 2 Pipe Length 5.3 km X Degradation on the Terrestrial 3 Vegetation Yes - Minimal X 4 Effects on the Terrestrial Wildlife Yes - Minimal X 5 Tree felling and re-planting No X How many km would the pipe route lie 6 nearby the river side riparian zone? None X 7 Agricultural lots to be affected No X Intersecting the aphalt paved secondary 8 roads No X Intersecting the under ground power 9 lines No X Intersecting the under ground power 10 communication lines No X Intersecting the under ground natural 11 gas pipe lines No X Intersecting the irrigation ditches and 12 canals No X 4.5 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Analysis of Alternatives Would the pipeline intersect a river? If 13 yes, how many km? Yes – 1.6 km X Would the pipe line work need a 13 separate earthen service track? If yes, Yes – 4 km X how many km? Would the pipe line route encroach on a 14 private easement or amenity? If yes, No X how many? Would the pipe line route cause to 15 relocation of any private or public No X amenity? If yes, how many? ha: Hectare, 10,000 sq. m Environmentally Negative Effects Environmentally Positive Effects Positive from the Engineering Perspective Negative from the Engineering and Cost-effectiveness Conclusion: The negative impacts on the environment to be caused by the construction of pipe line will be ‘less than significant’ in the proposed route alignment: similar to the Project. On account of above reasons, the EIA study team has accepted this route, and this alternative route has been assessed in this EIA report. 4.2.3. Water Treatment Plant No water treatment plant has been foreseen to treat the amount of water required for Kurdamir city by the Feasibility Consultant and AWM OJSC. Only, disinfection process with Chlorine dioxyde is proposed by the Feasibility Consultant. Various treatment processes can be considered, taking into account of the reliability of the technology, the existing characteristics of the raw water, and the capacity of the WTP and other site conditions. Alternatives of Treatment Processes The proposed processes should be selected for their ease of operation, reliability, and ability to meet the required effluent standards. The first criteria for the treatment of raw water into drinking water is to meet the requirements of European Council Directive 98/83 EC, November, 1998 (see Annex-3). Alternative 1, Only Disinfection Chloramination: This process is supplied by only chloramination (Chlorine Gas and Anhydrous Ammonia) of the raw water conveyed from the Surface Water Diversion Unit (SWDU). A clearwell will be provided to ensure adequate contact time and mixing for the chloramines before discharge to the distribution systems, as well as an adequate storage volume for distribution pumping. Chloramination aids in the prevention of taste and odor problems. Chloramination residual lasts longer than chlorine residuals, thus eliminating the need for re-chloramination stations. Ultraviolet (UV) Disinfection Units: After filtration, disinfection can be supplied by the state-of-the art “flow through” UV disinfection units. Each unit consists of a stainless steel chamber containing 2 UV lamps, an automatic cleaning system, an UV monitoring system, and a control cabinet. 4.6 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Analysis of Alternatives Alternative 2, Individual Process Types with Multiple Treatment Bariers Regardless of the raw water test results performed by the Feasibility Consultant, surface water diverted by Surface Water Diversion (SWD) Unit that will be used for potable consumption must be treated to comply with Surface Water Treatment Rules (SWTR), which is promulgated by USEPA. The filtration and disinfection requirements under the SWTR protect consumers against the potential exposure to such diseases causing pathogens as Giardia, Cryptosporidium, viruses, Legionella, and heterotrophic bacteria. Other reasons for treatment requirement of raw water would be fertilizers and high nitrate concentrations from agricultural run-off. Although, no agricultural lots on the upstream of the raw water catchment area exist in this case, intensive grazing activities are common. The water test results show that the raw water is contaminated by the Enterococs and other microbial indicators because of the intensive breeding of stocks and grazing activities at this part of Garamaryam Plateu and Kulullu valley. The SWTR requires 99.9 % inactivation of Giardia and 99.99 % removal of viruses. The reduction and removal of potential pathogens is accomplished by the use of the USEPA’s best available technologies (BAT) for filtration and disinfection. Newly adopted USEPA regulations to address the risk of disinfection by-products (DBPs) include: the Disinfectants/Disinfection By-Products Rule (D/DBP) and the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR). These Rules require continual monitoring of filtered water turbidity and routine DBP monitoring in the distribution system. The D/DBP will be applied to all community water systems and includes a Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 80 µg/l for Total Trihalomenthanes (TTHM), 60 µg/l for the five Haloacetric Acids (HAA5), 10 µg/l for Bromate, and 1.0 µg/l for Chlorite. The treatment process to remove the contaminants from drinking water should be arranged in a treatment train. Pre-filtration, enhanced coagulation (rapid mix and coagulation), settling ponds are required in the treatment process. This process will increase removal of organic matter thus reducing DBP (Disinfection by-products) formation. This pretreatment process will use a chemical coagulant. Rapid mix of the chemical will be designed with a 40-second detention time and enhanced coagulation will be designed with a 5-minute detention time, providing optimum conditions for the reduction of turbidity to the acceptable limits. The secondary filtration in the process can be supplied by the media filters with high rise pumps. A clear well should be provided to ensure adequate contact time and mixing for the chloramines before discharge to the distribution system, as well as an adequate storage volume for distribution pumping. The treated water will discharge to the clearwell where chlorine gas followed by anhydrous ammonia will be injected. This chloramination process provides a chlorine residual in the treated water distribution system and storage facilities. Chloramination reduces the potential for DBP formation that can occur during extended contact times in the distribution system and storage facilities when free chlorine is applied. Chloramination aids in the prevention of taste and odor problems. Chloramination residual lasts longer thus eliminating the need for re-chloramination stations. Chlorine gas will be drawn from the containers under vacuum and injected in the filtered water piping before entering the clearwell. Due to the risks involved with the use of chlorine gas, a continuous chlorine gas monitor should be provided in the chlorine storage room and operators will be required to have special training. The ammonia will be withdrawn from the tank and injected through the clearwell into a manifold as a gas. 4.7 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Analysis of Alternatives Wastewater Polishing Ponds Wastewater generated during the routine cleaning cycles in the system is discharged to the polishing ponds. Two ponds should be provided in series. Sediment Drying Bed A sediment drying area is provided for placing individual systems of modified roll off-type dewatering box. This area should be graded and asphalted. A Pump Station located above the clearwell withdraws water from the treated water clearwell and pumps the water to the clear water reservoirs. Fixed speed pumps may be selected to meet the varying flow requirements, and due to the lower operating costs. The above process type is an enhanced process for treatment the raw water into drinkable water quality. However, a micro filtration unit may be added to the system instead of media filters to be used for removing of the Protozoa group viruses. Evaluation of the Process Alternatives Only Disinfection: Only disinfection by chloramination and/or UV units cannot kill the protozoa (Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Legionella), which will be contained by the raw water. The protozoa group viruses are common in the raw water, which will be diverted from the surface water diversion units. The single-celled protozoa (Giardia and Cryptosporidium), which can cause severe intestinal illness, are more resistant to traditional disinfectants than bacteria or viruses. With the rapid sand filtering process, only particles greater than 1-5 microns (approximately) can be removed from the raw water, resulting in treatment system feed water with varying amount of turbidity and microbial concentrations. The use of only disinfection method providing the drinkable water would cause many ill effects on the consumers and on the environment that cannot be foreseen predictably. This type choice would not be environmentally sound. Multiple Treatment Bariers: In the multiple treatment barrier system above explained (Alternative 2), secondary filtration by the media filters can remove the particles greater than 1 to 5 microns (approx.) from the raw water. However, the water of the proposed catchment has the low values of turbidity and heavy metal concentrations according to the standards prescribed by National and International drinking water standards. Conclusion: The above assessments show us that a multiple treatment barrier system process is appropriate for the treatment train of the proposed WTP. However, Chloramination process should be applied for disinfection of the raw water. Because of the fact that chloramination residual lasts longer than chlorine residuals, thus eliminating the need for re-chloramination stations. Because of the reason mentioned above, the EIA team does not support the cleaning cycle concept of Feasibility Consultant for Kurdamir case. A multiple treatment process type WTP should be designed and installed to the water supply system of Kurdamir city. See Annex-3. 4.8 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Analysis of Alternatives 4.2.4. Alternatives Locations of WTP Sites All alternative locations, which will be evaluated and assessed in this section, will be selected according to adopted raw water route alignment in this study. Alternative Location 1 (preferred Option proposed by the Feasibility Consultant and Beneficiary) This alternative location is determined by the Feasibility Consultant and AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan that the proposed WTP will be located in upper levels of Arabmehdibey village at about 89 masl. This alternative site has been sufficiently high to provide the gravity flow of water which will be conveyed to Kurdamir city. The length of the gravity treated water transmission main will be approximately 41 km. However, a 24.5 km of the existing transmission main will be used for providing the drinkable water to the villages (Shihimli, Degirmenli, Murtullu, Topalhasanli, Shahseven, Qaraqocak, Atakishili (partly), Goydellekli and Arabmehdibey) on the course of the transmission main in this alternative. The Kurdamir city’s drinkable water distribution reservoir (R1, see Feasibility study) will be constructed at about 89 masl in WTP site. There is no appropriate site for alternative location of WTP within the Project corridor from the raw water catchment area to Kurdamir city. If the raw water would be transferred without treatment to the existing distribution reservoir site (existing SuKanal site) inside the city, a WTP and several pump stations would be required inside the city. This would increase the costs of the Project in respect of Operation/Maintenance and the construction of additional pump stations. It would be illogical to determine another alternative WTP site just for comparison. Because of this reason, only Alternative Location 1 has been examined according to environmental indicators in this report. Alternative 1 would generally achieve the project’s basic objective since it would provide gravity flow of treated water to be conveyed to entire service area. Briefly, analysis of the impacts of Alternative 1 compared with the impacts of the proposed project follows:  Aesthetics: No impacts; similar to the projects.  Agricultural resources: Less than significant impact with mitigation incorporated. Similar to the Project. Degradation of ambient air and dust effects during the construction period would cause the loss of productivity of adjacent agricultural lots.  Air Quality: Construction related emissions for Alternative 1 would be the same with the proposed Project. Most construction emissions are associated with site preparation and grading, both of which would occur to similar degrees in the project and in the Alternative. This effect would come into being in the medium level, and it has high mitigatory potential.  Biological resources: Less than significant impact: similar to the Project. The noise effect on the terrestrial wildlife in close proximity of the construction site would come into being in medium level, and has high mitigatory potential. Such construction would require additional mitigation measures to avoid the noise effects on the terrestrial environment.  Cultural Resources: No impact; similar to the Project. There is no archeological site and cemetary monument nearby the alternative location.  Geology and Soils: Less than significant impact; similar to the Project, and high mitigatory potential.  Solid Waste and Hazardous waste disposal would come into existence in the medium level and this alternative has high mitigatory potential: similar to the Project. None of the hazards 4.9 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Analysis of Alternatives associated with the operation of the WTP are associated with the design or location of the facility.  Hydrology and Water Quality: Less than Significant impact; similar to the Project. Waste Discharge Requirements and similar regulations would apply to the alternative.  Land Use and Planning: Less than significant impact. Similar to the Project. The land degradation would mostly come into existence in the medium level. This alternative has high mitigatory potential. Land acquisition is not required for location of WTP for this alternative location. The area to be used is a public easment.  Mineral Resorces: No impact related mineral resources; similar to the Project.  Noise impact: Less than significant impact; similar to the Project. This alternative has high mitigatory potential. Construction equipment, hours of operation, etc., will be similar to the proposed project.  Population and Housing: No impact; similar to the project.  Public Services: No impact; less than the project. Any impact on services would be temporary and nothing in the project scope would contribute to the need for an increased level of public services.  Recreation: No impact; similar to the Project.  Transportation and Traffic: No impact; Less than the project. Conclusion: A comparison of the alternative can be found in the following table. The No Project Alternative is the environmentally superior alternative; however, it does not achieve the project objective of ensuring adequate infrastructure to accommodate planned growth in Kurdamir rayon, nor it does maintain the requirements of the proposed poject compliance with the regulations of the National and International water quality. If the No Project Alternative is the environmentally superior alternative, the EIA identifies an environmentally superior alternative among the other alternatives. The proposed project is the next most environmentally superior project alternative. Table 4,2: Environmental impacts of location Alternative compared to Project for WTP location Solid Waste and Hazardous Hydrology and Water Quality Transportation and Traffic Population and Housing Land Use and Planning Agricultural Resources Biological resources Cultural Resources Geology and Soils Mineral Resorces Public Services waste disposal Noise Impact Recreation Air Quality Aesthetic Meets Project Alternative Goals ILevel 4 Level 2 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 3 Level 3 Level 3 Level 3 Level 4 Level 3 Level 4 Level 3 Level 4 Level 3 Project Yes No Project No Less Less Less Less Less Less Less Less Less Less Less Less Less Less Less 4.10 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Analysis of Alternatives Alternative 1 Yes Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Less Same Less Impact Level 1 : Potentially Significant Impact Impact Level 2 : Less than Significant Impact with mitigation incorporated Impact Level 3 : Less than Significant Impact Impact Level 4 : No Impact Since the alternative would have less impacts than the project’s environmental impacts in two items and it would generally achieve the project’s basic objective, this alternative is an environmentally superior alternative. On account of the above reasons, the EIA team supports this alternative location. 4.3. Wastewater Collection and Treatment Presently, there is a small scale dispersed and unhygienic sewage disposal system in the city. The existing system was mainly implemented in 1977 with the asbestos cement collector sewers. The rayon SuKanal Department reports that the whole sewage system consists of 7 kms of asbestos cement collector sewers (150 – 500 mm in diameter) and approximately 1.5 km of interceptor sewer (500 – 600 mm in diameter). The current practice in the rest of the city is to use private septic pits, and/or to discharge the wastewater directly to the irrigation canals and drainage collectors surrounding the city. Because of this reason, the proposed project will provide a new sewerage system for the proposed service area. The provision of sanitation is primarily a dual imperative of public health and environmental protection, with improved amenity as other important factor. A variety of critical issues need to be considered including;  The appropriate use and disposal of water,  The protection of groundwater and other sources of water from pollution and faecal contamination,  Breaking the cycle of disease transfer,  Reduction of insect vectors, and  Sustainable recycling of nurients back to the soil. Because of the reasons mentioned above, alternative of the new sewage collection system is the environmentally superior alternative. 4.3.1. Wastewater Treatment Currently, there is no WWTP in the rayon. The Environmental pollution problems are exacerbated dramatically by a range of following factors;  Lack of sewerage systems and sewage treatment capacity,  Lack of appropriate on-site sanitation facilities, and  Open drains and lack of garbage disposal facilities. As there is no WWTP in the rayon, constructing a full Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is the environmentally superior alternative. 4.3.2. Alternatives of Treatment Processes For the WWTP, various treatment processes can be considered, taking into account of the reliability of the technology, the expected characteristics of the wastewater, the capacity of the WWTP and other site conditions. 4.11 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Analysis of Alternatives The proposed processes should be selected for their ease of operation, reliability, and ability to meet the required effluent standards. Process Proposed The wastewater treatment plant that is to be constructed for Kurdamir city will be considered a mechanical-biological ‘Custom Build Continuous Flow’ type with extended aeration-activated sludge technology, which is the beneficiary concept. An extended aeration process with sludge drying beds for the proposed WWTP is selected by the Feasibility Consultant as project proposal. The required parameters of the municipal wastewater treatment process with the effluent quality standards are specified and framed in the EU Council Directive of May 21, 1991 concerning the urban wastewater treatment (UWWT). As well known, this process type is a single sludge nitrification-denitrification process utilizing the biodegradable organics in the influent by recycling nitrates from a single aerobic zone to a single anoxic zone, and by physically separating the anoxic zone from the aerobic zone. This process is capable of reducing total nitrogen (TN) to the 10-15 mg/l range. The process incorporates dual environment of both oxic (aerated) and anoxic (non-aerated, mixed) conditions in separate areas of the plant to first accomplish nitrification then denitrification. Nitrification occurs in the aeration tanks of the ‘Extended Aeration Process’. A recirculation system will be implemented to pump the nitrate-rich contents in aeration to the anoxic zone at the head of the plant. At this strategic location, the anoxic tank receives all the energy rich BOD of the influent wastewater as well as the recycled nitrate rich contents of the aeration process. The biological culture within the anoxic zone utilizes a portion of BOD as a carbon food source, and utilizes the nitrates as a source of oxygen, as no oxygen is added in the anoxic zone. The nitrates will be converted to a harmless nitrogen gas in the process. Mixers in the anoxic tank provide the necessary suspension and mixing of the wastewater, and facilitate the release of the nitrate gas bound within the wastewater to the atmosphere. However, the Feasibility Consultant stated in the Feasibility Report that the ‘Intemittent denitrification which means that nitrification and denitrification phases alternate in time in one reactor has been chosen because control and steering of this process is not complicate and also offers big operational flexibility. The duration of the different phases will be determined by measuring the break in the redox potential. The activated sludge tanks will be equipped with fine bubble panel aerators which allow for a good oxygen transfer capacity and therefore provide an advantageous efficiency. Oxygen input into the wastewater will be steered by the flexible capacity of the blowers equipped with frequency converters. The blowers will be accommodated in an adjacent blower station. Alternative Option to Mechanical-Biological ‘Custom Build Continuous Flow’ type Extended Aeration-Activated Sludge Process In Germany, various oxidation ditches using fill and draw technology were installed in 1960. Two decades later, Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) process technology was introduced. Presently, more than 150 WWTP are under construction or in operation in Germany. During the use of SBR technology, many questions of the consultants addressed to research institutions caused the German Association for Water Environment (ATV) to install a task group in 1995. ATV prepared a guideline for the design of activated sludge plants in SBR technology (ATV-M 210, published in 1997). ATV guidelines represent the state of the art for designing wastewater treatment plants. They are commonly used for design purpose, at least as a basis for comparing the different technical solutions or design approaches. The authorities normally check the basic design by comparing it with ATV guidelines. 4.12 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Analysis of Alternatives Assessment of Process Alternatives - Fundamental biological principles governing the activated sludge system for wastewater treatment do not depend on whether the plant is operated as ‘a batch’ or ‘a continuous flow system’. - The main difference between designing ‘a continuous flow plant’ and ‘an SBR plant’ is the importance of the flow pattern for SBR plants. - All activated sludge plants may produce foam under special conditions. Normally, the decanters of SBR plants do not remove this foam, which protects the effluent from the fraction of COD. - Accumulating foam and enrichment of foam producing bacteria must be strictly avoided. - Larger sized SBR plants very often use digesters for the treatment of primary sludge. - An SBR plant normally can be effectively applied for small catchment areas as an alternative to nature-like systems. However, low qualified staff and/or lacking measuring devices (e.g. for excess sludge withdrawal to control sludge age) make it sometimes very difficult to operate the SBR plants in case of significant changes in the influent conditions. - In many cases, when an SBR plant is operated, it turned out to be nearly impossible for the operators to influence the process due to excess limitation of the computer timer settings. - An operator trained to run a continuous flow plant might get lost when transferred to an SBR plant unless he receives specific instructions. - For both systems, the sludge age (SRT) is the key parameter to define the biological system required to achieve the particular treatment goal. - A continuous flow extended aeration treatment plant is the most commonly used treatment system, and the technology best understood by operators. Conclusion: This assessment ensures that a comparison of SBR plant and a continuous flow plant is based on similar biological systems. On the other hand, the receiving water body must be capable of receiving the short time high hydraulic load from the SBR during the decant phase (Water Science and Technology, Vol 43, No 3 pp 323- 330, IWA Publishing, Authors; B. Teichgraber, D. Schreff, C. Ekkerlien and P.A. Wilderer). Because of this reason, a custom-built-continuous flow plant is more environmentally sound than an SBR plant. An SBR plant has no manual interaction, thus sensors and computer timers should be applied for automatic control of the processes. The performance of SBR plants in Germany was studied by a survey conducted in 1998. Almost all plants are subjected to advanced requirements according to European standards. However, in some plants, nitrogen removal was also significantly higher than required by effluent standards. This is caused by the operators trying to minimize the energy consumption (longer anoxic phase duration). A negative aspect of this strategy is that the treatment goal ‘aerobic stabilization’, which requires high energy input, can not always be met. Insufficient sludge stabilization leads to odor problems. It is well known that the short filling phases and high exchange rates improve the settling characteristics of the sludge (Wilderer et al., 1997). The major advantages of ‘a continuous flow extended aeration plant’ are the relatively low capital cost, and its technology is the best understood by the operators. 4.13 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Analysis of Alternatives Therefore, the EIA study team recommends that the designation of a custom-build continuous flow wastewater treatment plant will be an appropriate solution both for more environmentally sound and easy operation. 4.3.3. Alternatives of Sludge Dewatering and Disposal Sludge production is unavaoidable problem arising from the treatment of municipal wastewater. This sludge contains considerable amounts of organic matter, pathogenes and chemical contaminants, which if not properly handled and disposed, may produce extensive health hazards. Sludge disposal is now recognized to be as one of the most important problems by all environmentalists and in this regard new standards have been established by USEPA in 1989. Process Proposed The onsite sludge drying beds are recommended by the Feasibility Consultant in consultation with the Beneficiary AWM OJSC). The EIA team also recommends the sludge drying beds and mono-landfill process is to be taken into consideration for sludge stabilization process because of the following evaluation and assessments. Alternatives of the Process The sludge will be pumped from the secondary clarifier to the sludge thickeners (possibly more than one). Second step of the sludge stabilization is to dewater of the thickened sludge in the tanks before disposal in any way. Because of this, a sludge dewatering system is required in the wastewater treatment process. There are many means for dewatering the sludge, however, most are highly mechanical and expensive. The common dewatering processes are; 1. Centrifugation, 2. Belt filter press, and Filter Press 3. Composting, and 4. Natural processes. o Sludge Drying Beds, o Reed Beds. Because of the economy and easy operation, sludge drying beds are used mostly in developing countries, but also in some industrilized countries (e.g., sludge drying beds are most widely used method of sludge dewatering in the United States). There is no process which completely eliminates the requirements for disposal of biosolids. When a liquid sludge is produced, further treatment may be required to make it suitable for final disposal. Typically, sludges are thickened (dewatered) to reduce the volumes transported off-site for disposal. Processes for reducing water content include lagooning in drying beds to produce a cake that can be applied to land or incinerated. There are two options for disposal of the sludge cakes, which are; A. Landfilling, B. Incineration. 1. Centrifugation The wet sludge is dewatered in a centrifugal rotor, which has the separate peripheral channels serving as outlets for separated sludge, and the separating chamber of the rotor contains means located between the sludge outlets to form funnel-shaped pockets each converging radially outward toward a corresponding sludge outlet. Sludges can be disposed of by liquid injection to a land or by disposal in a landfill. 4.14 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Analysis of Alternatives 2. Belt filter Press and Filter Pres The belt filter presses use a chemical flocculent to separate the water from the solids. The dewatered solids are then squeezed between two belts to further dewater them. The resulting solids are in the range of 18-20 percent solids. These solids are applied to agricultural land, and can also be taken to a landfill. 3. Composting Composting is an aerobic process that involves mixing the wastewater solids with sources of carbon such as sawdust, straw or wood chips. In the presence of oxygen, bacteria digest both the wastewater solids and the added carbon source and, produce a large amount of heat. Thermal depolymerization uses hydrous pyrolysis to convert reduced complex organics to oil. The premacerated, grit-reduced sludge is heated to 250C0 and compressed to 40 MPa. The hydrogen in the water inserts itself between chemical bonds in natural polymers such as fats, proteins and cellulose. The oxygen of the water combines with carbon, hydrogen and metals. 4. Natural Processes o Sludge Drying Beds : Sludge drying beds provide to allow surplus that is withdrawn from the process to dry for easier handling. Sludge drying relies on an under ground drainage system as well as sunshine. Liquid from the under drains is returned to the treatment process for further treatment. Drying beds consist of a gravel sand filter equipped with a drainage system. Thickened sludge is loaded on the bed and the water is evacuated mainly by percolation (50-80 %) through the filter and the minor part by evaporation. o Reed Beds: Simply, it is a vegetated drying bed with reeds. Evaluation of the Dewatering Process Option 1 and 2 are typically first treatment stage of the sludge dewatering and disposal process. In these two options, a second stage is required for final disposal. Generally, the second stage is a landfill application, and using agricultural fertilizer of the biosolids. On these methods, extra energy is required for sludge dewatering. The two methods are anaerobic processes. A separate aeration and exhaust gas management for stabilization, pathogen reduction and odor control are required for this process. A back-up facility is required for this process. 3 Composting Many composting sites require the high level of technical sophistication, staff capability, and community relations efforts. Controlling odor is the most essential feature for the success of any sludge composting facility. The composting facillity must be designed so that the bulking, mixing, conveying, and composting operations can be readily adjusted to meet changing conditions. When modifications occur in sludge processing and dewatering at the wastewater treatment plant, the volatile solids content of the arriving sludge may vary significantly. 4.15 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Analysis of Alternatives Sludge is almost always delivered from the treatment plant wetter than expected, and the moisture content may often vary from load to load. The moisture content and condition of both new and recycled bulking agents can also vary considerably depending on the source, the season, the extent of cover, and the extent of drying obtained during composting. The key feature of successful composting is operating flexibility, serviceability, producing a stable disinfected product, and having a back-up for sludge disposal. An aeration and exhaust gas management for stabilization, pathogen reduction and odor control is required for a composting facility. The extra energy is required for sludge dewatering with a composting facility. 4. Sludge Drying Beds Dewatering of Sludge on the sludge drying beds is an anaerobic process. Sludge drying beds can be used as first treatment stage and/or as the second stage for dewatering of the settled sludge removed from the facilities such settling or tickening tanks or sedimentation ponds. In determining the area of sludge drying beds, given to climatic conditions, the character and volume of the sludge to be dewatered the method and schedule of sludge removal, and other methods of sludge disposal. In general, the sizing of the drying bed may be estimated on the basis of 0.18 m2 / capita when the drying bed is the primary method of dewatering, and 0.1 m2 / capita if it is to be used as a back-up dewatering unit. This process do not require high qualified operators, and complicated technical sophistication. Controlling odor is one of the most important feature for the process. Extra energy is not required for this process. It is not effective on the results, whether the sludge delivered from WWTP is wetter or not. A separate aeration and exhaust gas management for stabilization, pathogen reduction and odor control is not required for this process. A back-up facility is not required for this process. Alternatives of Sludge Cakes (Dried Solids)’ s Disposal 1. Agricultural Use, 2. Co-disposal of dewatered sludge with solid wastes, 3. Disposal of dewatered sludge at a separate mono-landfill in WWTP site, 4. Incineration of dewatered or dried sludge, Evaluation of Alternative Design of Sludge Cake’s Disposal 1. The use of sludge in agriculture will be most probably unfeasible because of heavy metal concentration and effects of toxicity of dried sludge. The following table shows the maximum permissible concentrations in sludges considered on agricultural land; Table 4,3: Max. permissible concentrations in sludge considered on agricultural land EC USEPA Element (mg/kg dry wt) (mg/kg dry wt) Cd 20-40 39 4.16 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Analysis of Alternatives Cu 1000-1750 1500 Ni 300-400 420 Pb 750-1200 300 Zn 2500-4000 2800 Hg 16-25 17 Cr - 1200 Source: EC Directive 86/278, and USEPA 2. Dewatered sludge (sludge cake) can be co-disposed with solid waste at a landfill site (sanitary landfills for municipal solids). The lack of sufficient experience will result controversial views concerning the environmental reliability even of a modern sanitary landfill for municipal solids with or without co-disposal of sludge. The international experience do not lead to optimistic conclusions for the possibility of compost disposal. 3. Disposal of dewatered sludge at a seperate mono-landfill in WWTP site is defined as disposal sites that are used exclusively for the disposal of biosolids. The application of the biosolids can either be in the dewatered or liquid state. However, the biosolids are usually applied in the dewatered state. The biosolids are applied to the surface of the land on a routine basis where the objective is disposal rather than use. The site normally employs annual application rates of 150 to 300 dry tons per hectare per year. This landfill will be operated as a bioreactor is also a process to optimize the natural degradation of waste. 4. There are concerns about sludge incineration because of air pollutants in the emissions, along with the high cost of supplemental fuel, making this a less attractive and less commonly constructed means of sludge treatment and disposal. It is significantly more expensive and would very possibly meet with strong public opposition. Finally, problems could also arise from the need for ash disposal. Conclusion: On account of easy operation, needing no high qualified operators, having no technical sophistication, and needing no back-up facility, sludge drying beds are selected the best appropriate option for sludge dewatering process. Disposal of dewatered sludge at a separate mono-landfill site is selected best appropriate option because of the negative environmental effects of other options. It is also required that below the deposit a water tight (e.g. clay) layer should be established to prevent infiltration into the ground water. Establishment of the water insulation layer should start with the formation of a protective fine layer (sand) below the plastic foil layer. Foils should be welded together on site. Above these layers the drainage layer should be established consisting of a system of drainage pipes, with appropriate slope (for gravitational water drainage). Then a protective layer of sand follows, protecting the underlying drainage foil system from mechanical damage and consequent leakage. The remaining water content of the dewatered sludge usually does not reach the bottom of the deposit as a result of the microbiological activity. Leachate water is generated from rain water and it is removed by the help of the built-in drainage system. Leachate water is highly polluted, therefore its treatment is indispensable. Leachate water should be forwarded to the treatment plant’s inlet. Deposit site has not only to be fenced, but a protective forest range (beautification zone, see Exhibit 6,3), has to be established around it as well. 4.3.4. Reuse Alternatives Reuse of Drinking Sludge The drinking sludge will be generated in WTP as the result of water Works (coagulation-flocculation- filtration or microfiltration and/or ultra-low reverse osmosis process). 4.17 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Analysis of Alternatives The main disposal method for these residuals is to return them into surface waters without any further treatment. Anyway, experiments made with the aim of evaluating the possibility of reusing drinking sludge in agriculture, were substantially positive (Lucas et al. 1991; Navazio et al., 1990, Croker et al., 1995). Although, reusing the drinking sludge in the agricultural land could present an environmentally sound proposal, it is not clear that intensive land application of drinking sludge according to some environmental experts. They concluded that these residuals may be effectively applied to land for agricultural purposes, as they have no pathogens, heavy metals concentrations less than law limits for land application, and high concentrations of lime, which improve physical-structural properties of the soil, increasing its fertility (Forzini, 1990). Because of this situation, the reuse of drinking sludge in the land application is not considered in this study. Reuse of treated wastewater Reuse of treated wastewater can represent a potential new water source in the rayon. The treated wastewater will be discharged into Goychay Collector through Shahsevenark irrigation channel from the proposed WWTP. See, Exhibit 2,4. 4.3.5. Treatment of Industrial Water The following approaches for treatment of industrial wastewater are possible: 1. Constructing full industrial wastewater treatment facilities for major industries, so that environmental discharge standards are met and allow construction of smaller municipal wastewater treatment plant for treatment of domestic wastewater only; 2. Constructing pretreatment facilities at individual industrial sites to meet sewer discharge standards and constructing municipal wastewater treatment plant capable of receiving all domestic and pretreated industrial wastewater; or 3. Constructing municipal wastewater treatment plant, capable not only of receiving the total volume of industrial and domestic wastewaters but also of treating potentially high levels of industrial effluents. The first alternative is the most environmentally reliable and has the least negative impact. Professionally-managed municipal WWTP would be more reliable than an industry-operated WWTP discharging their untreated effluents into proposed sewage system. 4.3.6. Alternative Locations for Wastewater Treatment Plant Sites Selection of the proposed sites takes account of existing and proposed land use, the ease of connection to the wastewater collection system, the possibility of odor and other nuisance to the community, and the availability of a suitable watercourse for discharge of treated effluent. Alternative Location 1 (foreseen as preferred Option in the Feasibility Study) This alternative location has been selected by the feasibility study team in consultation with AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan, and it is located along Baku – Tbilisi highway between highway and railway, 1.75 km far from the city to the east (see Exhibit 2,4). This alternative location is at about o masl. The area is a public easement, and provides approximately 3-4 hectares of land for the WWTP. This alternative site has been sufficiently high to provide partly gravity flow of sewerage water which will be conveyed to WWTP from entire service area. It would be illogical to determine another alternative WWTP site just for comparison. Because of this reason, only Alternative Location 1 has been examined according to environmental indicators in this report. 4.18 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Analysis of Alternatives Assessment of Alternative Locations Among the factors that may be taken into account in addressing the alternatives are site suitability, economic viability, availability of infrastructure, general plan consistency, other plans or regulatory limitations, and jurisdictional boundaries. The identification of alternatives is also guided by the need to address any unmitigated environmental impacts related to the project. Alternative 1 Briefly, analysis of the impacts of Alternative 1 compared with the impacts of the proposed project follows:  Aesthetics: No impact; similar to the project.  Agricultural resources: Less than significant impact with mitigation incorporated; similar to the Project. There is no agricultural lots which fall into CoI 1. However, a number of agricultural lands surrounding the WWTP site fall into the CoI 2. Loss of productivity on these lands would occur from the fugitive dust and emission during the construction period.  Air Quality: Less than significant impact with mitigation incorporated; similar to the Project. Most construction emissions are associated with site preparation and grading, both of which would affect the aquatic species and wildlife habitats similat to the project. This effect would come into being in the medium level, and it has high mitigatory potential.  Biological resources: Less than significant impact: similar to the Project. There is no trees for felling and replanted in or nearby the property. However, noise effect on the terrestrial wildlife in close proximity of the construction site would come into existence in medium level. Such construction would require additional mitigation measures to avoid the noise effects on the environment.  Cultural Resources: No impact; similar to the Project. There is no archeological site and cemetary monument or the sensitive receivers nearby the alternative location.  Geology and Soils: Less than significant impact; similar to the Project, and high mitigatory potential.  Solid Waste and Hazardous waste disposal: Less tan Significant impact, and this impact would come into existence in the medium level and this alternative has high mitigatory potential: Similar the Project. None of the hazards associated with the operation of the WWTP are associated with the design or location of the facility.  Hydrology and Water Quality: No impact; less than the Project. Waste Discharge Requirements and similar regulations would apply to the alternative.  Land Use and Planning: The land degradation would mostly come into existence in the medium level. This alternative has high mitigatory potential; less than the Project. No need to purchase the private and/or agricultural land for this alternative location. All area to be used is public easment.  Mineral Resorces: No impact related mineral resources; similar to the Project.  Noise impact: Less than significant impact; similar to the Project. This alternative has high mitigatory potential. Construction equipment, hours of operation, and etc. will be similar to the proposed project.  Population and Housing: No impact; similar to the project.  Public Services: No impact; less than the project. 4.19 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Analysis of Alternatives  Recreation: No impact; similar to the Project.  Transportation and Traffic: Less than significant impact; similar to the project. Conclusion: A comparison of the alternatives can be found in the following table. The No Project Alternative is the environmentally superior alternative; however, it does not achieve the project objective of ensuring adequate infrastructure to accommodate planned growth in Kurdamir rayon, nor it does maintain the requirements of the proposed poject compliance with the regulations of the National and International water quality. If the No Project Alternative is the environmentally superior alternative, the EIA identifies an environmentally superior alternative among the other alternatives. The proposed project is the next most environmentally superior project alternative. Table 4,4: Environmental impacts of location Alternatives compared to Project for WWTP location Solid Waste and Hazardous Hydrology and Water Quality Transportation and Traffic Population and Housing Land Use and Planning Agricultural Resources Biological resources Cultural Resources Geology and Soils Mineral Resorces Public Services waste disposal Noise Impact Recreation Air Quality Aesthetic Meets Project Alternative Goals Level 4 Level 2 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 3 Level 3 Level 3 Level 3 Level 4 Level 3 Level 4 Level 3 Level 4 Level 3 Project Yes No Project No Less Less Less Less Less Less Less Less Less Less Less Less Less Less Less Alternative Yes Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Less Same Same 1 Impact Level 1 : Potentially Significant Impact Impact Level 2 : Less than Significant Impact with mitigation incorporated Impact Level 3 : Less than Significant Impact Impact Level 4 : No Impact Since the alternative would have less impacts than the project’s environmental impacts in one item and it would generally achieve the project’s basic objective, this alternative is an environmentally superior alternative. Therewithal, this alternative needs no additional land acquisition. On account of the above reasons, the EIA team supports this alternative location. 4.4. Location Alternatives for Construction Contractor’s Camp Site As it is studied in the Chapter 3.9.1, total amount of Construction Contractor’s staff can increase up to 240 to execute the work including subcontractors' staff. An adequately designed camp site is required for the contractor to use both to accommodate his staff and to park and maintenance his machinery, equipments and plants. Estimated required land for this purpose will approximately be 3-4 Ha. As such, this facility will significantly affect the environment in its surroundings. However, any alternative Construction contractor camp place is not discovered within the period of EIA study. The final location 4.20 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Analysis of Alternatives of the contractor(s) camp site should be determined with the approval of AWM OJSC and/or Rayon Executive Power within the period of pre-construction phase, and the most environmentally sensitive location should be selected. 4.21 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Regulatory Framework Chapter 5 5.1. Environmental Laws, Regulations and Institutions in Azerbaijan 5.1.1. Institutions The following institutions and Ministries will be involved to the Project in accordance with the current legislations and regulations of Azerbaijan, and those are; Table 5,1; Principle Environmental Institutions / Ministries in Azerbaijan INSTITUTIONS / MINISTRIES Name Leading Exercise 1 MENR, This ministry upholds all natural resource protection laws. The State Ministry of Ecology and Natural Ecological Expertise (SEE) acts within this agency on the Program level in reviewing Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs). Resources 2 MoH, Sanitary and hygienic safety is the responsibility of the Ministry of Health. Its main function is the implementation of control over meeting Ministry of Health the sanitary and epidemiological rules and standards as well as hygienic standards. This entity implements anti-epidemiological measures throughout Azerbaijan by legal and physical persons through application of laboratory and sampling controls. 3 MES, This agency implements construction safety supervision and standards. Ministry of Emergency Situation 4 State Urban Development and The Committee has authority to conduct studies on population distribution, on planning the usage of nature regional, on general Architecture Committee plans and detailed planning of inhabitant areas, etc. 5 Tariff Council of Republic of Tariff Council acts under Azerbaijan Republic Economic Development Ministry, and he responsible for definition of tariffs, service fees which Azerbaijan are applied in nationwide. 6 AWM OJSC He is a stock company which provides State services for amelioration and water farm, and stocks of which belong to the State. The Amelioration and Water Company’s activities focus on irrigation, for which it sets water-use Management Open Joint Stock norms and handles user relations. . In addition, it is in charge of land Company of Azerbaijan improvement on irrigated land, and the operation and maintenance of the irrigation infrastructure. 7 Azersu OJSC, Joint SuKanal The AzerSu OJSC’s main water supply activities in rural areas are comprised of establishment of policies, project planning, and LLC, and Rayon SuKanal functioning as an intermediary between central government and Departments (RSKD) international donor organizations. However, AzerSu OJSC has its own potential to plan projects in cooperation with Joint SuKanal Limited Liability Company (LLC) and Rayon SuKanal Departments (RSKDs). 5.1.2. Laws Laws affecting water and wastewater infrastructure which have been incorporated into the Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan include the followings. 5.1 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Regulatory Framework Table 5,2; List of Laws and Regulations to be incorporated into the EMMP LAWS AND REGULATIONS YEAR ADOPTED 1 Environmental Protection and Utilization of Natural Resources 1992 2 Environmental Protection 1999 3 State Ecological Expertise, SEE 1996 4 Environmental Safety 1999 5 Water Code of the Azerbaijan Republic 1997 6 Water Supply and Wastewater 2000 7 Health Protection 1999 8 Sanitary - Hygienic State, part of GOST 1992 9 Water quality, air and noise standards: GOST (various years) - 10 Program on Strengthening Financial Discipline in the Water Sector 2002 11 Improvement of Water Supply Management 2004 12 Construction Norms and Regulations: SNiP - 13 Rule for Use, Protection and Preservation of Trees and Bushes,No 173 2005 14 The Land Code 1999 15 EU Council Directive, 91/271/EEC, UWWTP directive - 16 EU Counsil Directive, 98/83/EC, Drinking Water Standards - The most pertinent laws to be applied for this Project are explained below: Table 5,3: The most pertinent Laws of Azerbaijan with respect to environmental aspects LAWS AND REGULATIONS MOST PERTINENT ASPECT 1 Law on Environmental Protection, 1999 This Law establishes the main environmental protection principles, and the rights and obligations of the State, public associations and citizens regarding environmental protection. According to Article 54.2 of the Law, EIA is subject to SEE. This also explains that the MENR is responsible for the review and approval of EIA reports submitted by developers. Furthermore, in Articles 81 and 82 of the Law on Environmental Protection (1999), the Law specifically provides for the application of international agreements in case of an international institute or body has provisions that are different from those of the Azerbaijani legislation. 2 State Ecological Expertise, SEE, 1996 The State Ecological Expertise (SEE) mandates an EIA for infrastructure development projects. The objective of the SEE is to identify impacts on the environment caused by construction projects, examine the results of such impacts and propose mitigation measures to prevent adverse effects on the natural environment and people’s health. It is essentially a stand-alone check of compliance of the proposed activity with the relevant environmental standards (e.g. for pollution levels, discharges, and noise). 3 The Law on Sanitary – Hygienic State, 1992 The Law on Sanitary and Hygienic State is GOST 17.1.3.07-82. This law serves as a basis for drinking water quality standards and mandatory implementation of sanitary-hygienic expertise regarding chemical and biological standards for water quality. Similarly, noise standards are described in GOST 12.1.003-83. However, the GOST does not specify regulations on permitted effluent discharge levels post wastewater treatment. As such, Azerbaijan has adopted Directive No 91/271 from the European Environmental Commission (EEC) in GOST. This regulation identifies the allowable biological and chemical levels for sewage effluent. 4 The Water Code, 1997 The Water Code (1997) regulates legal relations concerning the protection and use of water bodies (surface, subsoil, and boundary water bodies) in Azerbaijan. The Law details the obligations of the State with respect to the use and protection of water bodies in terms of monitoring and protection schemes as well as the supervision over the use and protection of water bodies. The items most relevant to the Project include the outlining of;  The use of water bodies as potable and service water;  The use of specially protected water bodies; and  The use of water bodies for the discharge of wastewaters. 5 SNIP, Construction Norms and Regulations The Construction Norms and Regulations are identified in SNiP which details how to carry out noise reduction measures to assure compliance with the relevant sanitary norms (section 3.9) and it details regulations on the dumping of excess materials (section 3.12). SNIP III-4-80 also details regulations on construction worker’s health and safety. Chapters 2 and 5 5.2 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Regulatory Framework provide organizational procedures of construction work sites and material transport. Annex 9 contains standards on maximum concentrations of toxic substances in the air of working zones. Annex 11 specifically claims that workers need to be informed and trained about sanitation and health care issues and the specific hazards of their work. 6 Rule for Use, Protection and Preservation of The Rule for Use, Protection and Preservation of Trees and Bushes (2005) is a regulation that details the way to protect trees and shrubs in Trees and Bushes,No 173, 2005 case of necessary cutting or replanting. These trees are excluded from the Forestry Fund of the Azerbaijan Republic. 7 Article 22 of the Land Code, 1999 Article 22 of the Land Code (1999) stipulates that the state is required to establish protection zones with a special (restrictive) regime for the purpose of construction and operation of industrial facilities. 8 EU Council Directive, 91/271/EEC, Urban Wastewater treatment shall meet effluent quality discharge Standard according to European Council Directive 91/271/EEC on Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants-UWWTP Wastewater Treatment Plants (UWWTP), but phased in be compared the directive* developing regulations and conditions in Azerbaijan. Plant design shall meet EU Member State Standards (comparable with the smallest settlement/treatment plant size category) for, Parameters Max. Effluent Standards BOD5, biochemical oxygen demand……………………..25 mg / l COD, chemical oxygen demand ……………………..… 125 mg / l TSS, total suspended solids ……………………….……. 35 mg / l TN, total Nitrogene ……………………………………….. 15 mg / l TP, total phosphorus …………………………………….. 2 mg / l 9 EU Counsil Directive, 98/83/EC, Drinking Water quality sampling must be conducted to meet the frequency and methods stipulated in European Council Directive 98/83/EC and article Water Standards 7(monitoring) and the related Annexs, e.g. Annex Iı, Table A (parameters to be analyzed) and Table B1 (minimum frequency of sampling and analysis for water intended for human consumption supplied from a distribution network). The treated water should comply with the EU Directive 98/83/EC, and parameters are below; Parameters Council Directive Aluminum ( only if used as flocculents) …………………0.2 mg / l Ammonium …………………………………………………0.5 mg / l Color …………………………………………………Record observation Clostridium perfringens (if water originates from Surface water) ……………………………………………...0 per 250 ml Escherichia coli …………………………………………….0 per 250 ml Hydrogen ion concentration ………………………………6 – 9 Iron (only if used as flocculent) …………………………..0.2 mg / l Nitrite (only when chloramination is used as a disinfectant) …………………………………………..0.5 mg / l Odour …………………………………………………Record observation Taste ………………………………………………….Record observation * As there are no specific wastewater discharge sampling requirements and limits specified under Azerbaijan regulations, the EU Directive 91/271/EEC (UWWTP- Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants), has been adopted by the Ministry of Health (MoH) of Azerbaijan to regulate the urban wastewater treatment. 5.2. Government's Environmental Assessment and Review Procedures Environmental assessment and review procedures in Azerbaijan in accordance with the SEE do not include the categorization of projects. The project is either initially approved with few mitigation conditions if necessary, or the project must undergo a full EIA. If the activity is assessed to result in more than minor potential impacts, a full EIA is automatically required. Since categorization is absent under Azerbaijan environmental regulations, the WB guidelines will be adopted for project categorization under the Investment Program. To accord a SEE by the MENR, an EIA is mandatory. The basic procedures for the conduct of the EIA are laid down in the 1996 Handbook on the EIA Process in Azerbaijan. The purpose of this document is to establish the level of ecological danger resulting from prospective and/or actual economic activities which may have an impact on the state of the natural environment and people’s health. It also must assess compliance of planned economic or other activity with the demands laid down in 5.3 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Regulatory Framework environmental protection legislation, in water and wastewater quality regulations and with standards of hygiene. It establishes the sufficiency and justification of the envisaged measures for nature protection as well. The procedure for EIA in Azerbaijan includes the following: A. During the first stage of the EIA process, which takes about one month, an initial examination of the application of the proposed activity is made by the SEE within the MENR and the expected impacts of the proposed activity are considered. This may include preliminary consultations with other agencies, NGOs, experts and initial public inquiries. On the condition that the activity is likely to cause only minor impacts on the environment, the application may be approved with some conditions. If the activity is assessed to have more than minor impacts, a full EIA is required. A decision on processing charges is taken and a scoping meeting of representatives of the applicant, invited experts and invited members of the public is organized and chaired by the MENR. Based on the outcome of this meeting, the SEE will notify the Program Management Offices (PMOs) on the required scope and depth of the investigation and on the results of public consultation during the EIA study. B. The second stage of the EIA process lasts 3 months, during which the EIA documentation submitted by the EAs is investigated by SEE. At this stage, an environment review expert group of 5-11 skilled and experienced members (e.g. members of the Academy of Science, university staff or officials from other ministries) is formed. There are no firm requirements on group composition, but MENR has a roster of experts and composes each commission based on case specific considerations. This environment review expert group, chaired by MENR, carries out the public submissions, investigations and consultations. Finally, a written review of documentation together with recommendations is submitted by the environmental review expert group to the SEE. C. At this stage, the SEE decides on whether to refuse or approve the application with or without conditions. Conditions for the approval that might typically be considered in the present context mainly relate to the construction phase and may include site management, noise, dust, discharges to the land, subsurface or water and solid waste management. If the application is approved with conditions, either the activity starts or the PMO decides to appeal against the conditions. If the application is accepted, the PMO must provide a report to SEE on progress within 12 months of the SEE decision. After approval is given, the construction works must begin within one year otherwise it will be necessary to conduct another EIA. D. During construction in the Program, the PMO through CMF must monitor parameters as indicated by the SEE. If the Program designs change significantly from those studied in the feasibility study, additional reports on the impacts of the changes may be requested by the SEE. Controls are made by the SEE on the accuracy and the reliability of the developer’s monitoring results. If it appears that there is a risk of the conditions being breached, the SEE will issue a warning to the developer. If the conditions are breached, the developer is obliged to stop whatever activity is causing the breach of the conditions. 5.3 Environmental Categorization & World Bank Policies This Project is classified as a category A Project in accordance with the requirements of the World Bank Operation Policy 4.01 on ‘’ Environmental Assessment’’, and its Annexes A, B, C. The Project was rated under Environmental Category A in view of the nature of water supply and sewerage, together with some building investments anticipated under the Project in the Terms of Reference of this assignment (See Annex-1). According to WB OP/4.01, Paragraph 8; ‘’The Bank undertakes environmental screening of each proposed project to determine the appropriate extent and type of EA. The Bank classifies the proposed project into one of four categories, depending on the type, location, sensitivity, and scale of the project and the nature and magnitude of its potential environmental impacts.’’ , and for a Category 5.4 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Regulatory Framework A Project ‘’ the borrower is responsible for preparing a report, normally an EIA (or a suitably comprehensive regional or sectoral EA) that includes, as necessary, elements of the other instruments referred to in para. 7.’’. According to WB OP/4.01, Paragraph 14 (Public Consultation); ‘’ the borrower consults project- affected groups and local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) about the project's environmental aspects and takes their views into account. The borrower initiates such consultations as early as possible. For Category A projects, the borrower consults these groups at least twice: a) shortly after environmental screening and before the terms of reference for the EA are finalized; and b) once a draft EA report is prepared. In addition, the borrower consults with such groups throughout project implementation as necessary to address EA-related issues that affect them.’’ This EIA will examine the project’s potential impacts by comparing all possible alternatives, selecting the best alternatives, and preparing an environmental management plan in accordance with the requirements of WB operation policy 4.01 and other relevant WB policies, such as;  WB OP 7.50, Projects on International Waterways,  WB OP 4.07, Water Resources Management,  WB OP 4.37, Safety of Dams. 5.5 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures Chapter 6 Overview This Chapter identifies the potential impacts of the project on the physical, biological, and socioeconomic environment of the Project service area, see Exhibit 1,1. This section also identifies measures that will help to mitigate the project's adverse environmental effects. This project will involve the construction of a 5.3 km of raw water transmission main from the catchment area to WTP site for providing the drinkable water to the public in the targeted service area. The potential impacts of the Project will be assessed and evaluated in design, construction and operational phases. However, this Chapter will discuss the impacts in construction and operational period. The Impacts in Design and Pre-construction phases will be approached in Chapter 7 (Environmental Management). Where impacts are significant enough to exceed accepted environmental standards, mitigation is proposed in order to reduce the residual impact to the acceptable levels and achieve the expected outcomes of the project. The criteria for assessment are the national environmental approaching and standards and the guideline criterion standards given in World Banks publication Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook. 6.1. Methodology and Assessment Criteria This Chapter sets out the methodology for undertaking the EIA. In particular, it details the process of identifying the likely significant environmental effects of the proposed project and the method of assessing the significance of the impacts. The content and conclusions of the EIA are based on an assessment of the application drawings as detailed documentation, baseline surveys and series of technical studies. 6.1.1. General Approach The EIA has been prepared in accordance with the EIA Regulations which implement the frameworks detailed in Chapter 5. As summarized in Chapter 1 and 2, the proposed project consists of a number of the elements, which require a single planning approval. As a consequence, the environmental assessment has assessed the significant environmental effects arising from the followings: For Water Supply System in the rayon; 1. Raw Water Catchment supply (Water Intake Structure) at the spring area (Kulullu Springs area) at about 170 masl, 2. Construction of a raw water transmission main from the catchment area to WTP and Reservoir site, approx. 5.3 km in length, 3. Construction of a WTP which will be located in the upperlevels of Arabmehdibey village at about 89 masl. 6.1 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures 4. Construction of a reservoir which has the drinkable water storage capacity of 6000 cum in the WTP site, 5. Construction of a treated water transmission main, approx. 41 km in length and 560 – 500 mm in diameter, 6. Rehabilitation of the exisiting tranmission main, approx. 24.5 km in length and 315 mm in diameter. 7. Construction of the Feeder Mains inside the city to convey the drinkable water up to zonal distribution tank (existing elevated tank to be rehabilitated), 8. Construction of the Distribution Mains for piped network. And for Sewage Network;  Interceptor Sewer,  Collector Sewers,  Force mains,  Lift Stations (14 Nos Pump stations),  Lateral Mains,  Wastewater Treatment Plant. In line with both the EIA Regulations and best practice guidances, a Scoping Study was carried out at the beginning of the assessment process. This identified the environmental issues to be addressed in the EIA and was subject to consultation with the AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan. The EIA considers both positive and negative effects during the construction and operation phases of the proposed project. In line with the legislative and best practice requirements, direct, indirect, secondary and cumulative, short, medium and long term, permanent and temporary, positive and negative effects are also addressed where applicable. 6.1.2. Scoping the EIA ‘Scoping’ is a fundamental component of the EIA process, and focuses the study on those issues of the greatest potential significance. It is important in identifying all of the likely significant effects of a proposed project through the design, construction and operational phases and ensures that appropriate mitigation options are considered. A Scoping Study document for the proposed project was produced using a combination of:  Feedback from AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan,  Reference to the ‘Environmental Checklist to be considered for inclusion in an environmental statement’,  Review of technical studies completed as part of the proposed project,  A systematic in-house review in conjunction with the AWM OJSC of Azebaijan and EIA Team,  Expert opinion from the EIA Team and relevant external sources. 6.1.3. Scoping Report Purpose of the Scoping Report: The principal aim of the Scoping Report is to provide information to the competent authorities, 6.2 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures stakeholders and consultees to enable them to understand the characteristics of the development such that they can provide a scoping opinion for the purposes of undertaking an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) on the proposals. The manner in which scoping fits into the EIA process is shown in the flow diagram below. Figure 6,1: Scheme of Process for Development requiring EIA The scoping of an EIA by which these main or significant effects are identified is, therefore, an important preliminary procedure, which sets the context for the study. The scoping exercise identifies key potential environmental effects related to the proposal at an early stage, which permits subsequent work to concentrate on the relevant environmental topics. This Scoping Report has been generally informed by the following:  Desk-top studies and site visits,  Work undertaken to date including further survey work,  Discussions / meetings with a number of key statutory bodies who would later be responsible for commenting on the EIA as part of any future planning applications,  Review of relevant websites,  Review of documents including planning policy, consultation papers and EIA assessment Guidance,  Information contained within the Feasibility being studied, data obtained from AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan and Rayon’s Public Utility Departments, Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources (MENR) of Azerbaijan, Road Patrol of the rayon, General Directorate of Road Patrol of Azerbaijan, State Land and Cartography Institute, State Statistical Committe (SSC) of Azerbaijan and experience of other large infrastructure projects,  Meetings with other stakeholders, including staff at the existing rayon Public Utility Departments. 6.3 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures 6.1.4. Objective of the Scoping Report This scoping report has the following objectives:  To provide a brief description of the Project,  To identify key environmental constraints and sensitivities,  To identify the likely key impacts, both positive and negative, and to identify associated preliminary opportunities for mitigation and enhancement,  To identify gaps in information and proposed further surveys,  To outline the strategic back ground, for example proposed and existing legislation/planning guidance and required consents,  To identify the way forward for further stages of the EIA and the consultation process. The Scoping Report was submitted to AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan in May 30, 2011 for a formal opinion and indicated that the following environmental issues associated with the proposed project. 1. Aesthetics, 2. Agricultural Resources, 3. Air Quality, 4. Biological Resources, 5. Cultural Resources, 6. Geology and Soils, 7. Hazards and Hazardous Materials, 8. Hydrology and Water Quality 9. Land Use and Planning, 10. Mineral Resources, 11. Noise, 12. Population and Housing, 13. Public Services, 14. Recreation, 15. Transportation and Traffic, 16. Systems Utilities, 17. Mandatory Finding of Significance, Pursuant to discussions and correspondence with Rayon Public Utility Departments and the AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan, it was concluded that the following environmental issues associated with the proposed project were addressed in detail in the EIA. 1. Land Use and Planning (construction camp, soil erosion, soil contamination and surface run-off), 2. Solid Waste, Hazardous Waste Disposal, 3. Water Resources, 4. Ambient Air Quality, Dust and Odor, 5. Noise, 6. Temporary Traffic Management, 7. Ecological Environment (vegetation, terrestrial wildlife, aquatic biology and fisheries), 8. Cultural Environment, 9. Systems’ Utilities, Statutory Consultation Process Since the Study Areas consist of 12 rayons, two information meetings, each for six rayons, have been planned conducted for scoping consultation process. The first information meeting for the southern six rayons (Lankaran, Astara, Lerik, Yardimli, Masalli, and Jalilabad) were held at seventh of September, 2010 in Lankaran. The second information meeting for other six rayons (Imishli, Zardab, Kurdamir, Ujar, Gadabay, and Dashkasan) have been held at September 17, 2010 in Ujar. 6.4 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures The following statutory and non-statutory organizations have been consulted regarding the proposed Project for the rayon:  AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan and EMU of AWM OJSC,  Representative of Rayon SuKanal department,  Representative of MENR of Azerbaijan,  Kurdamir Water User Associations (NGOs),  Road Exploitation Office of the rayon,  Representative of Ecology and Natural Resources Department of the rayon. The process of engagement and consultation will also be widened to take account of the public and other interests in the Rayon. As a result of these meetings and discussions the Proposed Project has been amended to ensure that issues raised are reflected in the composition of uses where possible and practicable / viable. Specific comments raised by AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan are provided in the table below; Table 6,1: Comments Raised by AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan CHAPTER WHERE CONSULTEE ISSUE RAISED ADDRESSED AWM OJSC/EMU of The important focus of the assessment should be on the AWM OJSC, vulnerable riparian habitats within 3 km section of the Project corridor along the low streams of Girdimanchay river valley Chapter 3, 6, 7 and 8. Environmental (i.e. lower levels of Kulullu village). Health and Safety Officer of AWM AWM OJSC would like us to consider the effect of the OJSC proposed development on the route of the terrestrial and avian Chapter 3, 6, 7 and 8. native residents along the treated water transmission main. And other important focus of the assessment should be on dust releases and emissions of PM10 involving the use of equipment and materials. Because the trated drinkable water transmission main coming from WTP site, will travel a long Chapter 3, 6, 7 and 8. distance (at about 41 km) following a path along the villages’ connection roads and Kurdamir – Agsu highway to Kurdamir city. Also AWM OJSC raised his concerns on the heavy equipment activities along the Project corridor during the construction period. During this period, large piles of sediment, construction fencing, various signs, and heavy equipment should be visible along the pipeline routes. After construction ceases, all Chapter 3, 6, 7 and 8. equipment, fencing, and signs should be removed and the Project area should revert to its natural condition. The participants, generally agreed with the proposed dispersion model, pollutants to be assessed and met data were Chapter 3, 6, 7 and 8. acceptable. 6.1.5. Assessment Methodology The methods used in undertaking this study are outlined in this section, with references to published standards, guidelines, best practice and relevant significance criteria. Legislation is also identified where applicable. 6.1.5.1. Criteria for Assessment of Significance Significance as a concept is at the core of impact identification, prediction, evaluation and decision- making in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) processes. Evaluating the significance of 6.5 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures environmental impacts is linked to all the phases of the EIA process. It is used throughout the process and formal or intuitive evaluations can be made at different stages. "Significant effect on the environment" means a substantial, or potentially substantial, adverse change in any of the physical conditions within the area affected by the project including land, air, water, minerals, flora, fauna, ambient noise, and objects of historic or aesthetic significance. An economic or social change by itself shall not be considered a significant effect on the environment. A social or economic change related to a physical change may be considered in determining whether the physical change is significant. 6.1.5.2. Impact Identification A number of methods can be used to identify the major impacts of a proposed project. Methods for impact identification have been divided by Munn (1979) and Canter (1996) into the generic classification of matrices, networks and checklists. Shopley and Fuggle’s (1984) classification include both methods and techniques. The categories for impact identification listed by Shopley and Fuggle (1984) include: 1. Ad hoc approaches (e.g. project, sector or environment specific guidelines); 2. Checklists (i.e. the listing of potential impacts); 3. Matrices (e.g. the Leopold Matrix); 4. Networks (i.e. the presentation of higher order impacts and linkages using directional diagrams); 5. Overlay Maps (e.g. the McHarg technique); and 6. Modelling procedures (i.e. computerized, mathematical, physical scale models or descriptive models). The following technics are used in this study; 1. Checklist, 2. Interaction Matrix, 3. Descriptive Models supported with the maps, figures, and graphs. 6.1.5.3. Impact Prediction Once potential impacts have been identified, further investigation is required to predict the nature of the impact. Predictions are based on simplified conceptual models of how natural processes function. Models range in complexity from those that are very intuitive to those based on explicit assumptions about environmental processes (Munn, 1979). Criteria that can be used to describe the nature of an impact include: 1. Spatial extent; 2. Duration of the impact; 3. Intensity or severity of the impact; 4. Status of the impact (i.e. either positive (a benefit) or negative (a cost) or neutral); 5. Reversibility (i.e. reversible or permanent); 6. Degree of certainty; and 7. Mitigatory potential. 6.1.5.4. Impact Evaluation Once the impacts have been predicted and described, the significance of the impacts should then be assessed. Significance can be described in terms such as:  Legal requirements; and  Acceptability 6.6 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures 6.1.6. Definitions of the Concept of Significance Deciding whether a project is likely to cause significant environmental effects is central to the practice of EIA. Whatever environmental effects are addressed and whatever methods are used, the focus of EIA always narrows down to a decision about whether the project is likely to cause significant adverse environmental effects (Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency, 1992). Despite this, the concept remains largely undefined and there is no international consensus on a single definition. Selected examples of definitions or interpretations are given below; Table 6,2; Selected examples of the definitions or interpretations of the concept of significance Canter and Canty Significance can be considered on three levels: (1) significant and not mitigatible, (2) significant but mitigatible, and (3) insignificant. Significance is sometimes based on (1993) professional judgement, executive authority, the importance of the project/issue, sensitivity of the project/issue, and context, or by the controversy raised. US Environmental Determination of significance requires predicting change. These impact predictions are along with societal values, the major input to significance determination. Ideally, Protection Agency change should be compared against thresholds of concern, some of which may be (1993) legally mandated and others, which may be levels or states of valued components determined by the public, authorities or the EIA team. 6.1.7. Generic Approaches and Criteria The use of generic approaches and criteria is sufficiently broad enough for stakeholders holding opposing views to relate to and accept. The main challenge would be to ensure that the environmental impact reporting recognizes that different impacts have varying levels of significance for different stakeholders. The three broad categories of determining impact significance are summarized in Table-6,3. Table 6,3; The three broad categories of determining impact significance CATEGORIES CRITERIA Legal : The importance of an environmental resource is acknowledged in the government policy, law or plans Segments of the public recognize the importance of an environmental resource. Recognition may take Public : the form of support, conflict or opposition. Technical : The importance of an environmental resource is based on scientific knowledge or judgement of critical resource characteristics. Source: Adapted from Canter, 1996. The following generic criteria can be used to describe magnitude and significance of impacts in a systematic manner. The criteria are:  Extent or spatial scale of the impact;  Intensity or severity of the impact;  Duration of the impact;  Mitigatory potential;  Acceptability;  Degree of certainty;  Status of the impact; and  Legal requirements. Describing the impacts in terms of the above criteria provides a consistent and systematic basis for the comparison and application of judgements. Ratings should be assigned for each criterion. The 6.7 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures significance of impacts of the proposed project should be assessed both with and without mitigation action. The descriptors for the ratings are given in Table-6,4 below. Table 6,4: Categories for the rating of impact magnitude and significance. IMPACT MAGNITUDE AND SIGNIFICANCE RATING High : Of the highest order possible within the bounds of impacts that could occur. In the case of adverse impacts, there is no possible mitigation that could offset the impact, or mitigation is difficult, expensive, time consuming or some combination of these. Medium : Impact is real but not substantial in relation to other impacts that might take effect within the bounds of those that could occur. In the case of adverse impacts, mitigation is both feasible and fairly easily possible. Low : Impact is of a low order and therefore likely to have little real effect. In the case of adverse impacts, mitigation is either easily achieved or little will be required, or both. No impact : Zero impact Specific examples are given below of the type of impact criteria that can be used and adapted for a variety of contexts and projects. The three levels of significance by the generic matrix are; Table 6,5: The sensitivity (value of) of receptors Magnitude of Effect Sensitivity High Medium Low High (National) Major Major/Moderate Moderate Medium (Regional) Major/Moderate Moderate Moderate/Minor Low (District) Moderate Moderate/Minor Minor Major : An effect which in isolation could have a material influence on the decision-making process. Modearte: An effect which on its own could have some influence on decision-maing, particularly, when combined with other similar effects. Minor : An effect which on its own is likely to have a minor influence on decision-making but when combined with other effects could have a more material influence. 6.1.7.1. Extent or Spatial Scale of the Impact A description should be provided as to whether impacts are either limited in extent or affect a wide area or group of people (Table-6,4 and 6,5). For example, impacts can either be site specific, local, regional, national or international. Table 6,6: Examples of criteria for rating the extent or spatial scale of impacts. RATING High : Widespread Far beyond site boundary Regional/national/international scale Medium : Beyond site boundary Local area Low : Within 6.1.7.2. Intensity or Severity of the Impact A description should be provided as to whether the intensity of the impact is high, medium, low or has no impact, in terms of its potential for causing either negative or positive effects (Table-6,7). When country specific legal or scientific standards are not available, international standards can be used as a measure of the intensity of the impact. 6.8 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures Table 6,7: Examples of criteria for rating the intensity or severity of impacts RATING High : Disturbance of pristine areas that have important conservation value. Destruction of rare or endangered species. Medium : Disturbance of areas that have potential conservation value or are of use as a resource. Complete change in species occurrence or variety. Low : Disturbance of degraded areas, which have little conservation value. Minor change in species occurrence or variety. 6.1.7.3. Duration of the Impact It should be determined whether the duration of the impact will be short term (0 to 5 years), medium term (5 to 15 years), long term (more than 15 years, with the impact ceasing after the operational life of the development), or considered permanent (Table-6,8). Table 6,8: Examples of criteria for rating the duration of impacts. RATING High (Long term) : Permanent Beyond decommissioning Long-term (More than 15 years) Medium (Medium term) : Reversible over time Lifespan of the project Medium-term (5 – 15 years) Low (Short term) : Quickly reversible Less than the project lifespan Short-term (0 – 5 years) 6.1.7.4. Mitigatory Potential The potential to mitigate the negative impacts and enhance the positive impacts should be determined (Table-6,9). For each identified impact, mitigation objectives that would result in a measurable reduction in impact should be provided. The rating both with and without mitigation or enhancement actions should be recorded. Table 6,9: Examples of criteria for rating the mitigatory potential of impacts. RATING High : High potential to mitigate negative impacts to the level of insignificant effects. Medium : Potential to mitigate negative impacts. However, the implementation of mitigation measures may still not prevent some negative effects. Low : Little or no mechanism to mitigate negative impacts. 6.1.7.5. Acceptability Establishing the acceptability of a potential impact is as important as determining its significance. An impact identified as being non-significant by a specialist may be unacceptable to a particular section of the community. On the other hand, a significant impact may be acceptable if, for example, adequate compensation is given. The level of acceptability often depends on the stakeholders, particularly those directly affected by the proposed project. Ratings that can be used for acceptability are given below. 6.9 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures Table 6,10: Examples of criteria for rating the acceptability of impacts. RATING High (Unacceptable) : Abandon project in part or in its entirety. Redesign project to remove impact or avoid impact. Medium (Manageable) : With regulatory controls. With project proponent’s commitments. Low (Acceptable) : No risk to public health. 6.1.7.6. Degree of Certainty A description should be provided of the degree of certainty of the impact actually occurring as either unsure, possible, probable, or definite (impact will occur regardless of prevention measures) (Table- 6,11). Table 6,11: Examples of criteria for rating the degree of certainty of impacts. RATING Definite : More than 90% sure of a particular fact. Substantial supportive data exist to verify the assessment. Probable : Over 70% sure of a particular fact, or of the likelihood of that impact occurring. Possible : Only over 40% sure of a particular fact or of the likelihood of an impact occurring. Unsure : Less than 40% sure of a particular fact or the likelihood of an impact occurring. The following additional categories can also be used:  Status of the impact: Specialists should describe whether the impact is positive (a benefit), negative (a cost) or neutral.  Legal requirements: Specialists should identify and list the specific legal and permit requirements, which potentially could be relevant to the proposed project. 6.1.7.7. Criteria for Treshold of Significance The criteria are expressed as thresholds which the project would have a significant effect on the environment. Thresholds may be quantitative or qualitative, or they may be based on agency standards or legislative or regulatory requirements as related to the impact analysis. The following criteria (Figure 6,2) presents the criteria used to define significant effects on the environment. Figure 6,2: Treshold Criteria of Significance 6.10 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures Relevant legislative, regulatory and proffessionally judged tresholds related to the baseline conditions for the environmental settings have been set forth in Chapter 3. 6.1.8. The Use of Significance at Different Stages of the EIA Process Evaluating the significance of environmental impacts is a critical component of impact analysis. The stages in the EIA process where the concept of significance is used are indicated in Table-6,12. Table 6,12: Stages in the EIA process where the concept of environmental significance* STAGE IN THE EIA PROCESS OBJECTIVES APPROACHES AND METHODS Screening Process, which determines whether a Approaches used at this stage include: project should be subject to an EIA 1. Checklists of projects, activities because of its associated potential or impacts; and/or significant impacts. 2. Predefined criteria. Scoping Process in which key (significant) issues Approaches used at this stage include: are raised and the focus is on determining 1. Facilitation; the specific issues or significant impacts 2. Stakeholder engagement; that need to be addressed in the EIA. 3. Negotiation; and 4. Mediation. Specialist studies This stage involves the identification and Approaches used at this stage include: prediction of project impacts by specialists 1. Numerical calculations or and the evaluation of their significance. modelling; 2. Experiments of tests; 3. Physical or visual simulations 4. Mapping; and 5. Professional judgement. Environmental Impact Report This stage involves the preparation of a Approaches used at this stage include: report by the EIA practitioner. The EIA 1. Predefined criteria for evaluating practitioner integrates different forms of impacts information and uses impact description 2. Professional judgement and significance criteria to present the 3. Verbal description results to the decision-maker. 4. Visualisation 5. Mapping; and 6. Matrices. Decision-making The decision-maker uses judgement to Approaches used at this stage include: rate, determine the significance and 1. Professional judgement; and acceptability of impacts. 2. Predefined criteria for evaluating, rating and weighting significant impacts.  The concept of significance has different meanings at different stages of the EIA process (i.e, in screening, it is used to determine whether an EIA is required or not. In the decision-making stage, significance is used to weigh and rank impacts (positive and negative) and make compromises or trade offs). 6.2. Analysis of Impacts and Mitigation This section will cover the ‘Impact Assessments’ spanning the Project service area, and suggested ‘Mitigation Measures’ are discussed subsequently in each sub-section. Each positive and negative consequence has been assigned a level of impact in the form of ‘high’, ‘medium’, and ‘low’. Impact assessment is an important tool for incorporating environmental and biodiversity considerations into the planning and implementation of infrastructure development. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is used to identify likely significant adverse effects of individual project proposals, and to suggest ways in which these can be avoided or otherwise minimised or reduced to acceptable levels (‘mitigation measures’). A detailed discussion follows each impact statement and includes information to support the stated conclusion. This discussion also provides mitigation measures to reduce significant or potentially significant effects of the proposed project to the extent feasible. This defines mitigation as; a) Avoiding the impact altogether by not taking a certain action or parts of an action. 6.11 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures b) Minimizing impacts by limiting the degree of magnitude of the action and its implementation. c) Rectifying the impact by repairing, rehabilitating, or restoring the affected environment. d) Reducing or eliminating the impact over time by preservation and maintenance operation during the life of the action. e) Compensating for the impacts by replacing or providing substitute resources or environments. This discussion also describes the status of all significant impacts following application of mitigation measures. Either the impact would be reduced to a level below the significance threshold (mitigated to a less-than-significant level) or it would be concluded that feasible mitigation is not available or is insufficient to reduce an impact to less than significant. This would be a “significant unavoidable effect on the environment.” Evaluation of the Impacts in accordance with the Environmental Checklist According to Initial Study performed by AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan within the Environmental Checklist and summary evaluation of impacts were conducted in the Scoping Report; From the Scoping Report Chapter 4,17; Findings of Significance a) Potentially significant adverse impacts to the natural environment resulting from the proposed project and related activities were evaluated. The proposed project would not involve activities in and near sensitive habitats that contain a diverse array of wildlife species, including some endangered, threatened, and rare species. Therefore, no impact exists. b) The proposed project could not potentially to affect important prehistoric and historic examples of Azerbaijan/Kurdamir history; therefore, no impact exists. c) Because the mission of the MENR of Azerbaijan and ENRD (Environmental and Natural Resources Department) of the rayon as it pertains to the natural resources, is to “protect and preserve the natural resources of the area. No additional projects other than routine maintenance are planned for the proposed project area in the foreseeable future. Impacts from other known projects do not overlap with potential impacts from the proposed project; therefore, no impact exists. d) Environmental effects from the proposed project would generally not have substantial adverse effects on humans. However, possible impacts from construction accidents, noise, and other safety hazards do exist. With the incorporation and implementation of the proposed mitigation measures, impacts to humans from the proposed project would be reduced to a less than significant level. Impact Significance Matrix Assessing the potential environmental impacts of the Project will be presented pursuant to discussions sequenced in the impact significant matrix is given below. Each project component/activity is screened separately with regard to its construction and operation phase, and according to various physical, biological and environmental parameters undertaking the adequate consultations with the Rayon Public Utility Departments and AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan. In undertaking field surveys mentioned in Chapter 1.6, particular attention is given on the relation between the ecological function of the whole protected area and the area which will be affected by the proposed Project. All impact assessments and impact evaluations is bounded by the borders of assessment area given in Chapter 1,5 and Exhibit 1,1. 6.12 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures Assessments will also be detailed in accordance with the criteria identified in Chapter 6,1, and have been formulated according to the impact significance matrix, which is given below. The matrix of Impact significance helps identify the potential areas of impact screening the project for environmental and social soundness. Table 6,13: Matrix for Assessment of Significance Level of Impact and Magnitude of Impact Spatial Scale of of of Significance Level Duration of Impact Intensity-Severity Status of Impact Acceptability Magnitude Impact Mitigatory of Impact of Impact Certainty Potential Degree Impact Impact 1 Land Use and Planning a) Construction Camp, no land Moderate acquistion is required for Project L L L H H Possible 3 /Minor components Moderate b) Soil Erosion L L L H L Possible 3 / Minor c) Soil Contamination and Surface Moderate L L L H L Possible 3 Run-off / Minor Solid Waste-Hazardous Waste Moderate 2 Disposal L L L H M Probable / Minor 3 Moderate 3 Water Resources L L L H M Probable / Minor 3 4 Ambient Air Quality a) Dust and Emissions M L L H M Probable Moderate 2 b) Odor L L L H L Possible Minor 3 Moderate 5 Noise L L L H L Possible / Minor 3 6 Temporary Traffic Management L L L H L Possible Minor 3 7 Ecological Environment a) Vegetation L L L H L Possible Moderate 3 b) Terrestrial Wildlife and Birds L L L H L Possible Moderate 3 d) Aquatic biology and Fisheries L L L H L Possible Minor 3 8 Cultural Environment - - - - - None Neutral None 4 9 System’s Utilities Major / a) New WWTP H - M - M Definite 4 Moderate Major / b) New WTP H - M - M Definite 4 Moderate c) New Drinkable Water Distribution Major / H - M - M Definite 4 Tank Moderate H: High, M: Medium, L: Low, Definite : More than 90 % sure of a particular fact Probable : Over 70 % sure of a particular fact Possible : Only over 40 % of a particular fact Unsure : Less than 40 % sure of a particular fact Significance Level 1 : Potentially Significant Impact Significance Level 2 : Less than Significant with mitigation incorporated Significance Level 3 : Less than Significant Significance Level 4 : No Impact Negative Impacts Positive Impacts Neutral The source of the construction impacts will mainly be from removal of structures and vegetation, construction of access, earthworks to construct system components, re provisioning and repairing nearby pedestrian tracks. 6.13 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures The potential impact of construction works is outlined below.  The loss of the fertile plough layer at campsites and concrete batching plant, and a drop in the elevation of borrow areas will decrease land productivity.  Potential conflicts may emerge with landowners regarding the restoration of borrow areas.  Borrow pits and other landscape depressions if left open, may prove hazardous to human beings, livestock and wildlife.  Sewage Works, water treatment plant and drains often cause eutrophication which can increase food resources for wild habitats at low levels.  Wetland Fragmentation from pipe laying Works and their access roads, may result in the loss of species that require large areas.  Open pits containing water are potential sources of mosquito breeding if left stagnant, and can create health problems.  Surface run-off from the impervious surface of the carriageway and side streets can further aggravate the flooding of embankment sides during the operation phase.  Ambient Air Quality Degradation nearby the Project corridor.  Historic and Archeological sites may be affected from the digging and excavating activities.  Residents and wildlife communities may be affected from the noise generated by the powered mechanical construction machineries.  A significant increase may occur in visitation to the Project corridor.  Temporary and intermittent interruption may occur within the Project area.  Some Public Services may be interrupted temporarily within the Project corridor. 6.2.1. Land Use and Planning 6.2.1.1 Analysis of Impact This section explains how the Project corridor within the borders of assessment area will be affected by the project activities in terms of land use, soil erosion, soil contamination, and surface run-off. Land Use The land use classification system has not yet been developed in Azerbaijan. However, according to inspection and investigations in the Project corridor and its environment, the Project will not cause the physical divide an established community, and doesn’t conflict with any applied and /or applicable habitat conservation plan and natural community conservation plan. The Project has no-conflict with the rayon’s general land use plan including specific plans or zoning ordinances. No part of the Project corridor falls into the State Nature Reserve Areas, Preserved National Parks. Therefore, no impact will occur. No land purchase is to be required for the location of WTP, the raw water transmission main, WWTP and other Project components. Therefore, no impact exists. In general, the areas that will be used to acquire borrow material will be impacted most significantly, followed by those used to install concrete batching plant (and asphalt pant, if required). Utilizing land for project activities, and the subsequent operation of increased traffic on the Project corridor may induce temporary as well as permanent changes in the existing land use pattern. Temporary impacts during the construction in the urbanized and rural area within the Project corridor will be sourced from the following activities, but not limited to;  Trenching and excavation works for pipe laying and jointing,  Earth Works for pipe bedding, encasing and trench backfilling,  Cut and fill and grading activities,  Transportation of the materials from the excavation,  Reinstating the road and sidewalk profile,  Activities for ancilliary works, 6.14 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures The line alignment and location of the Project components are critical in determining the environmental impacts. The land degradation will mostly come into existence in the Medium level (as Moderate/Minor is indicated in table 6,13, and has ‘High Mitigatory Potential’) at the CoI 1 (Corridor of Impact 1). Construction Contractor(s) Camp Site The contractor(s) will require land for:  Contractors' camps and facilities, ie, storage, equipment parking and washing areas,  Sources of borrow material and earth-fill,  Aggregate quarries,  Concrete Batching Plant,  Asphalt plant, if required,  Access roads for haulage,  Disposal sites and procedures for the safe disposal of surplus construction and waste material. Temporary impacts, which will be generated during the preparation of the constractor(s)’ camp and facilities are;  Excavation activities,  Trenching and construction of water pipelines for connecting the water to the facilities,  Elevated water tank,  Erection of the site buildings,  Construction of fuel facility,  Connections the electrical conduits and cabling,  Perimeter fencing, Soil Erosion Professional experience suggests that it will be typical for contractors to claim that there is insufficient space to set up erosion control and sedimentation facilities along the working areas. Based upon observation it is not credible that there is no space, and it is not acceptable that there are no opportunities to use at least some form of sediment basin sediment traps. Soil erosion may occur;  In workshop areas as a result of unmanaged runoff from equipment washing-yards.  Once the project returns to normal operation, it will be subject to a natural depreciation as high embankments become increasingly prone to soil erosion, causing increase in dust emissions and a fall in land productivity. The soil erosion will come into existence in the Low level (L-level is indicated as Minor in table 6,13, and has ‘High Mitigatory Potential’) at the CoI 1 (Corridor of Impact 1). Mitigation measures to obviate these impacts are developed in the subsequent chapter 6.2.1.2 and Chapter 7 (Environmental Management). Soil Contamination and Surface Run-off  Scarified/scraped asphalt and concretce materials, if not disposed of properly, may  contaminate soil resources.  The possible contamination of soil by construction chemicals, i.e. oils and chemicals at concrete batching plant (asphalt plant) sites, workshop areas, and equipment washing-yards may limit the future use of the land for agricultural purposes. 6.15 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures  Possibly, the spill of wastewater contained in sewer lines during the construction Work will be very high.  Other pollutants such as wash water from concrete mixers, acid and alkaline solutions from exposed soil or rock, and alkaline forming natural elements may also be presented. Possible construction chemicals, which cause the soil contamination in the Project are are listed below;  Petrolium products used during construction include fuels, lubricant for vehicles, for power tools, and for general equipment maintenance.  Chemical pollutants such as paints, acids, cleaning solvents, soil additives used for stabilization, and concrete curring compounds, may also be used on construction sites and carried in runoff.  Pesticides, insecticides, rodenticides, and herbicides used on construction sites to provide safe and healty conditions.  Nutrients, fertilizers used on construction sites, when re-vegetating graded and disturbed areas. The soil contamination and surface run-off will come into existence in the low level indicated as Moderate/Minor in table 6,13, and has ‘high mitigatory potential’ at the CoI 1. A less than significant impact will occur. Mitigation measures to obviate these impacts are developed in the subsequent chapter 6.2.1.2 and Chapter 7 (Environmental Management). 6.2.1.2. Mitigation Contractor’s Orientation Prior to the commencement of construction the contractor, all subcontractors and all his workers will need to be trained on the requirements for environmental management. In order to ensure that the contractor, subcontractors and workers understand and have the capacity to implement the environmental requirements and mitigation measures there will be regular and frequent training sessions and tool-box talks. Contractor tenders shall be required to identify separately the resources and funds to be applied to the training and mitigation measures, and the contractor tenders shall identify named staff to supervise and responsible for mitigation measures for all works including but not limited to earthworks, drainage re-provisioning, erosion control, traffic management, materials management, noise and dust control, waste management. Engineering controls will be designed by the contractor as mitigation measures and approved by the EMU (supervising authority) prior to the commencement of the construction works. No construction works will commence until all mitigation measures are in place and approved by the supervising authority. The Project will be designed not to interfere with the drainage on adjacent lands and paths and to prevent soil erosion and retain the existing irrigation system in the operational phase. There are no irrigation and drainage channels that cross or are affected by the project. The plans to avoid and retain such drainage and irrigation works shall be included in the Drainage Management Plan, and the contractors will include plans for any necessary temporary drains to cater for worst case flow. The designs will also provide for protection of the works that are in progress and for redistributing flash flows from prepared surfaces during heavy rain to reduce erosion and other impacts. The drainage designs for the Project should be cleared with the local drainage and irrigation authorities prior to commence the works. 6.16 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures The contractor(s) will be required to have a drainage engineer / erosion control officer to check the implementation of the temporary drainage mitigation on the site and make modifications on a daily basis as necessary. To protect the drainage and irrigation system in the Project corridor that may be affected by the construction activities; Contractor will incorporate the following design features to minimize alterations in the surface drainage in the Project corridor: 1. Contractor will review the irrigation systems and irrigation structures potentially affected by construction of the Project. If the irrigation cannot be maintained, contractor will provide and maintain alternative temporary irrigation structures in the Project corridor. At the completion of construction, the contractor(s) will re provision the irrigation structures disturbed by construction and agree with EMU if redesign is required or if new structures will be constructed or if the original irrigation structures will be repaired. 2. Re provisioned irrigation channels will be capable of supply all the fields previously supplied with at least the volume of water supplied before the construction of the project. In addition, the following guidelines will be applied to minimize the impact on land used to extract borrow material: Land Use and Productivity  Project facilities will be located at a minimum distance of 500 m from existing settlements, built-up areas, wildlife habitats, or archaeological and cultural monuments.  As far as possible, waste/barren land (i.e, areas not under agricultural or residential use), and natural areas with a high elevation will be used for setting up Project facilities.  Generally, priority dictates that the areas to be located for WTP, WWTP and other Project components shall be a public easement.  Where the use of agricultural land is unavoidable, the top 30 cm of the plough layer will be stripped and stockpiled for redressing the land after the required borrow material has been removed.  The excavation of earth fill will be limited to an approximate depth of 50 cm. This practice will be applied uniformly across the entire extent of the farmland unit acquired for borrowing earth material.  Where deep ditching is to be carried out, the top 1 m layer of the ditching area will be stripped and stockpiled. The ditch will initially be filled with scrap material, which should carry the nature of inert, and then leveled with the stockpiled topsoil to make it even with the rest of the area.  Ditches or borrow pits will be restored back to nature conducting reinstatement applications after the Project is completed to minimize erosion and to avoid creating hazards for people and livestock. Soil Erosion and Surface Runoff Good engineering practices will help the control soil erosion both at construction sites and in peripheral areas, particularly in borrow areas and along haul tracks. The contractors will be required to include appropriate measures for the slope protection, ie, vegetation cover and stone pitching, in the detailed construction drawings and implement them accordingly. These will include the following measures: It is recommended that sedimentation facilities be set up at rivers where all working stations are within 100 m of streams and rivers, to trap and settle out runoff from the works. Where wet works have to be pumped dry, the waste water should first be passed through a proprietary sedimentation tank (or similar) to remove suspended particles before discharge at a location agreed with EMU. The 6.17 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures contractor shall be required to have a dedicated drainage engineer and erosion control officer. Where works cross streams and rivers the preliminary designs for sedimentation facilities such as sediment traps, filter fabric fences, or straw bale barriers should be included as a line item before those new areas are cleared and opened up for construction works. It is recommended that preliminary designs for sedimentation facilities are included in the contracts and subsequently in the Erosion Control and Temporary Drainage plans. Combinations of alternative methods should be considered including but not necessarily limited to:  Schedule work so that clearing and grading are done during the time of minimum rainfall.  Temporary stabilization is required within 70 days, if the site will be inactive for more than 30 days.  Permanent stabilization is required, if the site will be inactive for more than one year.  Clear only areas essential for construction.  Perimeter control shall be installed, and temporary and permanent stabilization is required for topsoil stockpiles, and other disturbing areas within seven calender days of site disturbance.  Locate potential area pollutant sources away from steep slopes, water bodies, and other critical areas.  Highly erodible soils should be avoided.  Route construction traffic to avoid existing works or newly planted vegetation.  Protect natural vegetation with fencing, tree armoring, and retaining walls or tree wells.  Minimum widths of buffer zones should be 15 m for low-order headwater streams with expansion to as much as 60 m or more for larger streams.  Stockpile topsoil and reapply to re-vegetate the site.  Cover and stabilize topsoil stockpiles.  Use wind erosion controls.  Intercept runoff above disturbed slopes. Convey to permanent channel or storm drain.  On long or steep, disturbed, or man-made slopes, construct benches, terraces, or ditches at regular intervals to intercept runoff.  Use retaining walls, if necessary.  Use check dams, if necessary.  Install bioengineering in line with AWM OJSC manuals and seed and fertilize.  Use seeding and mulch/mats, if necessary.  Use turfing.  Use wildflower cover. Stockpiles should be covered before heavy rain to prevent wash out due to the runoff. Stockpiles should not be located within 60 m of the water courses and there should be an intervening vegetated buffer to control any un-expected run-off. As a long-term benefit of the project, the drainage infrastructure may be able to be modified as water harvesting structures to collect water for irrigation and other uses and such options should be discussed and investigated at the detailed design stage. Soil Contamination The following practices will be adopted to minimize the risk of soil contamination:  The contractors will be required to instruct and train their workforce in the storage and handling of materials and chemicals that can potentially cause soil contamination.  Soil contamination by asphalt will be minimized by placing all containers in caissons.  Solid waste generated during construction and at campsites will be properly treated and safely disposed of only in demarcated waste disposal sites.  Debris generated by the dismantling of existing pavement structures will be recycled subject to the suitability of the material.  During the construction phase, the spill of wastewater contained in the sewer lines shall be stored in the temporary pits dug in the ground in sewer line level, then they will be sucked up and taken out of the settlements by septic vacuum trucks and disposed to dedicated sewer ponds. 6.18 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures  The temporary pits should be constructed not to infiltrate the soil and contaminate the ground water. The pits’ bottoms can be covered with waterproof traps, heavy-duty plastics, or rubber matting equipped with berms to pevent wastewater from running into discharge off-sites. Whatever containment material is used, It must seal tightly to the ground so that no wastewater can pass under or over the berms.  In addition, the temporary pit shall be cleaned regularly as needed to prevent odor and safety hazards associated with H2S.  Solid wastes generated in the contractor’s camp and other workplaces will be managed as follows; o Construction site’s borders should be marked beforehand and signs sould be erected warning people ‘not to dump garbage’ and ‘not to enter’. o Construction debris (sand, soil, rocks, asphalt, concrete) should be used as an additional material for filling deep trenches when needed. If not needed, they will be taken to the city’s dump site. o An adequate disposal facilities should be provided for solid wastes in or near the contractor’s camp.  Construction chemicals will be managed as follows; o Pesticides: Properly store, handle, apply and dispose of pesticides. Pesticides storage areas in the construction sites should be protected from the elements. Warning signs should properly placed in the areas sprayed or treated. Persons mixing and applying these chemicals should wear use suitable protective clothing (Personal Protective Equipment-PPE). o Contractor(s) should submit a detailed PPE Policy for approval of the AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan and EMU prior to commence the work. o Petrolium Products: When storing the petrolium products, the following measures should be taken;  Creating a shelter around the area with cover and wind protection,  Lining the storage area with a double layer of plastic sheeting or similar material,  Clearly labelling all products,  Keeping the tanks off the ground and stopping the source of the spill,  Covering the spill with absorbent material  Containing any liquid, o Special attention should be paid for construction of contractor’s fuel facility, and those are;  Fuel tanks (diesel or oil) should be placed in a concrete pool which its perimeter walls will be at least 1.20 m high with the concrete or plastered masonry wall,  Fuel facility should be located at least 30 m far from the storage area and other facilities of the camp, and should be protected with a separate wire fence wall,  The area of the fuel facility should be covered with a shed for the protective measure against the sunshine and rain.  A proper floor drain should be installed on the slab of the concrete pool for safely discharging the leakages, o Nutrients: The fertilizer and liming materials into the soil to depths of 10-15 cm.  Washouting from concrete trucks and mixers should be disposed into a designated area that can later be backfilled.  The Contractor will be required to instruct and train their workforce in the storage and handling of materials and chemicals that can potentially cause soil contamination.  If waste oils or other contaminants are accidentally spilled on open ground the waste including the top 2 cm of any contaminated soil shall be disposed of as chemical waste to a disposal site acceptable to the AWM OJSC and agreed with the local authority / community.  Control measures for oily residues, lubricants and refueling are prescribed in the EMP. The maintenance yards that will be created will have dedicated drainage which can capture run-off. 6.19 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures  Oily residues and fuel should be captured at source and refueling and maintenance should take place in dedicated areas away from surface water resources.  Debris generated by the dismantling of existing structures will be recycled subject to the suitability of the material in line with the MMP. 6.2.2. Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Disposal 6.2.2.1. Analysis of Impact Solid wastes will be generated during the drilling operations, removal of asphalt surface, dumping base, sub-base and fine sand for embedding operation of the pipes, filling back the excavated soil, paving roads, and other anciliary works within the Project activities. Scrap metals, rocks, asphalt and concrete chunks, remaining gravel and sands will cause the piled up solid wastes. Solid wastes include wood and paper from packaging and building materials, sanitary wastes, rubber, plastic, glass as well as masonry and asphalt products. Food containers, cigarette packages, leftover foods, and aluminium foil also contribute solid wastes on the construction sites. Construction chemicals, chemical compounds, such as paints and acids, cleaning solvents will also cause the negative effects in respect of the hazardous impact when they dispose without taking preventing measures to the earth in the workplace and construction site. These impacts will be temporary, and its magnitude will be in the medium level indicated as Moderate/Minor in the table 6,13, and high mitigatory potential. These impacts will discontinue once the construction is completed. A less than significant level of impact will occur during the construction phase. These impacts will discontinue once the construction is completed. However, a series of mitigation measures identified in the following section is recommended to minimize and/or avoid the potential negative effects of the solid waste and hazardous waste disposal during the construction phase. The rayon SuKanal Department reports that the whole sewage system consists of 7 kms of asbestos cement collector sewers (150 – 500 mm in diameter) and approximately 1.5 km of interceptor sewer (500 – 600 mm in diameter). Asbestos cement (AC) water and sewer mains, generally considered as non-friable asbestos containing materials, are not believed to represent a significant hazard to public health in normal use. However, repair, rehabilitation and removal of AC pipes involve cutting, polishing and demolition can release asbestos fibers into the air, posing risks to public health, particularly when pipes are mishandled or damaged. Once the asbestos becomes airborne, it poses risks to Project workers and general public that are nearby the work area. Replaced AC pipes can be either abandoned in place or collected and disposed in designated sites. Abandonment in place may cause health risks related to future construction activities at this site. However, some disposal practices can create current public health risks, and the hazard can also extent to future generations. Generally, replacement methods break the AC pipes into pieces and leave the AC material in a zone around the new pipe after replacement. Disposal of broken AC pipes in designated sites (such as municipal hazardous waste disposal site) provides better monitoring and control for future assessments and follow-ups. Protection measures for this hazard are given in the subsequent section (mitigation). 6.2.2.2. Mitigation Constractor’s Equipment will be cleaned and repaired (other than emergency repairs) in the dedicated facility or an area at the contractor’s site or at a repairshop in an industrial park. All contaminated water, sludge, spill residue, or other hazardous compounds will be disposed of outside the construction boundaries, at a lawful permitted or authorized destination.  Construction chemicals, chemical compounds, such as paints and acids, cleaning solvents will not be disposed at any place of a construction site, and dumped in a stream nearby the site. 6.20 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures  All solid wastes identified in chapter 6.2.2.1 will properly be packaged, and disposed at a lawfully area.  Contractor’s workers shall employ the following measures to minimize exposure to potential pathogens; 1. Wash hands regularly, especially before eating, drinking, smoking, or using the restroom. 2. Wear gloves. 3. Cover wounds with clean, dry bandages.  Petrochemicals, oils and identified hazardous substances shall only be stored under controlled conditions.  The Contractor will furthermore be responsible for the training and education of all personnel on site who will be handling the material about its proper use, handling and disposal.  All hazardous materials will be stored in a secured, appointed area that is fenced and has restricted entry.  Storage of hazardous products shall only take place using suitable containers approved by the ECO.  Hazard signs indicating the nature of the stored materials shall be displayed on the storage facility or containment structure.  Thinners or solvents should not be discharged into sanitary or storm water system when cleaning the machinary.  Any accidental chemical / fuel spills to be corrected immediately.  Exercise extreme care with the handling of diesel and other toxic solvents so that spillage is minimized. Work with Asbestos Cement Pipes during the Removal, Demolition and Replacing Activities The following preparatory Works should take place prior to commence the construction activities in the excavation site to avoid the hazard to public health during the work with asbestos, and those are;  Posting a warning sign at the entrance to the excavation area.  Restricting Access to the site, restricting to the work area using barricades.  Providing hand/face washing facility at the site.  Establishing a waste-load area at the site.  Informing the workers about the nature of the job.  Collecting air testing for asbestos testing. Similarly, for staff protection, most personal protective equipment (PPE) used for work with AC pipe, are also typically required for other construction activities (e.g. steel-toed boots, hard hats, safety glasses, musks and rubber/leather gloves). Disposal of broken AC pipes After the excavation and exposure of AC pipes;  The condition of the pipes should be visually inspected.  An on-site decision should be made to replace the pipes.  AC pipes materials should be allowed to be left in the ground in certain circumstances, such as for AC pipes located under a building.  Leaving broken AC pipes in place or burying them on site are the most convenient and cost effective means of disposal.  Pipe bursting disposal should be avoided. Additionally, Asbestos Convention (C162) established by International Labor Organization (ILO) in 1986, outlines aspects of the best practice;  Scope and definitions,  General principles,  Protective and preventive measures, 6.21 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures  Survaillance of the working environment, and  Workers’ health. The above mentioned ILO asbestos convention requirements should be met during the work with asbestos cement pipe replacement and disposal within this project. However, as there is no Hazardous Waste Disposal facility in the rayon, the only practicable course of action to avoid environmental damage caused by hazardous waste is for the material to be stored on site properly and securely by the contractor and then transfer this material to a specially designed storage facility in Kurdamir city. This new facility will be operated by the Municipality of Kurdamir and a cost allowance has been made in the EMP accordingly. AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan (will) consult and agree with the Kurdamir Municipality for building and operating this facility. 6.2.3. Water Resources 6.2.3.1. Analysis of Impact This section explains how the Project service area will be affected in terms of water resource use, water body contamination, and alterations in drainage pattern. The sub-surface lateral water abstraction (from the area of existing HIGD on the course of the flood plain of Girdimanchay river nearby Kulullu village in Agsu rayon ) has been selected and assessed for raw water capture by the Feasibility study team in consultation with the AWM OJSC and relevant Public Utility Departments of the rayon. The Feasibility Consultant and Beneficiary (AWM OJSC) envisage the re-construction of the existing HIGD structures. According to the Feasibility Consultant, the reconstruction of these structures will include the construction of the new horizontal collector and collection wells in the same site as the old one. The existing HIGD collects the sub-surface lateral water from the alluvial deposits of the aquifer beneath the flow plain of the river. The usable groundwater for the proposed Project is in this unconfined aquifer above the relatively water-resisting underlying deposits, and approximately 2000 - 2500 m in width. The rayon SuKanal Department reports that the flow rates of this HIGD are routinely measured on the outlet of its collection well. Average Daily raw water expolitation capacity of this facility is approximately 175 l/s. However, water wastage and leakages from the collection well and tranmission main are huge due to old and dispersed connections of the components of the facility. See Annex-3, Table-2. Although the measured daily water exploitation capacity of the existing HIGD is agreed approximately 175 l/s, obtaining this volume of raw water has not been possible according to past experience. In addition, their collection wells suffer extensive leakages due to their obsolete and dilapidated structures, and therefore, none of them can provide the sufficient raw water according to their engineered capacities. The present Daily average amount of the raw water exploited from existing HIGD is approximately 176.40 l/s according to the above measurement results. Kurdamir city’s daily raw water demand, including the villages to be concluded to the water supply scheme, is approximately 139.81 l/s. Hourly peak demand, water loss during the cleaning cycle, wastages and leakages are concluded to this volume, see Chapter 2, Table 2,6 and 2,7. Since the new HIGD with similar size to the old ones will be constructed in the same site, this operation will disturb neither the river’s ecological environment nor natural flow of the river in the long run. See Annex-3. 6.22 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures The water is a critical resource for the local community and resources will be protected during construction. The local water supply system shall not be tapped to meet the campsite and the construction requirements. The surrounding land's drainage system and water resources will be affected by construction activities as follows:  Surface and subsurface water resources in the Project corridor may be contaminated by fuel and chemical spills, or by solid waste and effluents generated by the kitchens and toilets at construction campsites.  Natural streams and irrigation channels may become silted by borrow material (earth) in the runoff from the construction area, workshops and equipment washing-yards. Surface water resources will be affected by the operation of increased traffic as follows:  If cross-drainage structures are not adequately maintained, culverts and water channels tend to become choked with debris and eroded soil, adversely affecting the quality of surface water. These impacts will be temporary, and its magnitude will come into existence in medium level indicated as Moderate/Minor in the table 6,13. A less than significant level will occur during the construction phase, and has high mitigatory potential. These impacts will discontinue once the construction is completed. However, a series of mitigation measures identified in the following section should take place to minimize and/or avoid the potential negative effects of the construction activities on the water sources. 6.2.3.2. Mitigation Measures to mitigate the adverse impact on water resources and surface drainage patterns have been incorporated into the outline project design and are discussed below. The contractor will incorporate the following design features into the detailed design to minimize alterations in the project corridor's surface drainage pattems as far as possible:  Where works are in progress, erosion control and sedimentation facilities including sediment traps and straw bale barriers or combinations thereof will remain in place and be maintained throughout the works to protect local water resources.  Lubricants, fuels and other hydrocarbons will be stored at least 100 m away from water bodies.  Topsoil stripped material shall not be stored where natural drainage will be disrupted.  Solid wastes will be disposed of properly (not dumped in streams).  Solid Construction material and spoil stockpiles will be covered to reduce material loss and run-off and stockpiles will not be nearer than 100 m to water bodies.  Borrow sites will not be close to sources of drinking water in case of runoff.  If complaints are received, the incidents and possible sources of water supply disruption will be investigated by the contractor and the EMU/ECO of AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan and where the complaint can be substantiated; o Water samples will be taken and analyzed based on the baseline monitoring results obtained in the preconstruction stage. o Samples will be taken as soon after the complaint as possible and analyses immediately and again two weeks after the complaint to determine if water quality has been restored.  The contractors will be required to maintain close liaison with local communities to ensure that any potential conflicts related to common resource utilization for project purposes are resolved quickly.  Camps will be located at least 100 m away from the nearest local settlement to prevent the contamination of community-owned water resources. 6.23 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures  Guidelines will be established to minimize the wastage of water during construction operations and at campsites.  The water ways and drainage streams en-route of the project should not be impeded by the works and the scale of the works does not warrant hydrological monitoring.  During construction, machinery and transport will be used by the contractor, both have potential of causing contamination to under ground and above ground water assets. There is need to compile temporary drainage management plan one month before commencement of works.  Proper installation of temporary drainage and erosion control before works within 50m of water bodies should be done.  Borrow sites (if required) should not be close to sources of drinking water.  Wetland: If there is a wetland in the vicinity of the pipeline route; these are areas of great ecological importance, and the measures that need to be employed include; o Avoid disposal of wash water, solid waste and discarded packing etc. on wetlands, o Piling up of loose material should be done in segregated areas to arrest washing out of soil, o These materials should not be tipped or stockpiled near wetlands, o Leftovers from concrete works should not be dumped close to wetlands, o Avoid temporary structures or stockpiling within banks of river and on wetlands. Contamination of Water Resources Good management practices will be adopted to ensure that fuels and chemicals, raw sewage, wastewater effluent, and construction debris/scarified material is disposed of in controlled conditions to reduce the risk of contamination. These measures are described below;  Construction camps will be established in areas with adequate natural drainage channels in order to facilitate flow of the treated effluents.  Wastewater effluent from contractors' workshops and equipment washing-yards will be passed through gravel/sand beds to remove oil/grease contaminants before discharging it into natural streams.  Borrow pits and natural depressions with pre-laid impervious liners will be used to dispose of scarified/scraped asphalt and concrete wastes, and then covered with soil.  The AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan will work with local Public Utility Departments to better manage ribbon development liable to cause traffic hazards, and to prevent the accumulation of solid waste and impoundment of wastewater during the operation. Waste Management and Spoil Disposal There may be some surplus rock and soil based materials. The waste management plan (WMP) will be required to ensure waste from construction is managed properly and to reduce, reuse and recycle waste wherever possible. Contractor will initially review and asssess the options for stockpiling and disposal locations for cut surface materials and reconfirm or propose alternative disposal locations for agreement with AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan and local authorities. The contractor will prepare the WMP one month before the commencement of construction with disposal sites identified for agreement by project supervision consultants. The WMP will cover all aspects of construction waste disposal. It is preferred that government land is used for dumping of material. If private land is to be used for the purpose of dumping it shall commence only after written permission from the land owner is checked by the EMU/ECO in AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan. The mitigation measures in the waste management plan (WMP) will include but not necessarily be limited to:  Spoil will not be disposed of in rivers and streams or any other natural drainage path.  Spoil will not be disposed of on fragile slopes, flood ways, wetland, farmland, forest, religious or other culturally sensitive areas or areas where a livelihood is derived. 6.24 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures  Use surplus spoil for local repair works to fill eroded gullies and depression areas and degraded land in consultation with local community.  Dispose of spoil will be to disused quarries and abandoned to borrow pits.  Disposed spoil will be spread in 15 cm and compacted to optimum moisture content, covered with topsoil, landscaped and provided with drainage and vegetation to prevent erosion. 6.2.4. Ambient Air Quality 6.2.4.1. Analysis of Impact This section discusses the impact of construction and subsequent operation on the ambient air quality in and around the Project corridor direct impact area (CoI 1, and CoI 2), and mitigation measures to manage these impacts will be described in subsequent Chapter 6.2.4.2. The tables (Table 3,13, …n, 20) in Chapter 3.5.1 constitute the reference points for the construction related emissions, and mass emission tresholds for construction generated NOx, CO2, and Particulate Matters (PM). Nature of Emissions In evaluating the air quality impacts of the proposed project upon air sensitive receivers, contributions from three classes of emission sources depending on their distance from the site should be considered. These are: 1. Primary contributions: project induced, 2. Secondary contributions: pollutant-emitting activities in the immediate neighbourhood, 3. Other contributions: pollution not accounted for by the previous two (Background contributions). Primary Contributions The project-induced emissions are fairly well defined and quite often the major contributor to local air quality impacts, see Chapter 3.5.1, (i.e, increasing the emissions due to the construction activities and traffic load of the empowered construction machinaries). Secondary Contributions Within the immediate neighbourhood of the project corridor, there are usually pollutant emitting activities contributing further to local air quality impacts. For most local scale projects, any emission sources in an area within 500 m radius of the project corridor with notable impacts are identified and included in an air quality assessment to cover the short-range contributions. In the exceptional cases where there are one or more significant sources nearby, the study area may have to be extended or alternative estimation approach employed to ensure these impacts are reasonably accounted for. However, there are no other notable emission sources other than those that will be inside the Project corridor during the construction period. Background Contributions The above two types of emission contributions should account for, to a great extent, the air quality impacts upon local air sensitive receivers. However, a background air quality level is prescribed in Chapter 3.5.1 to indicate the baseline air quality within and nearby the project corridor, which would account for any pollution not covered by the two preceding contributions. The emission sources contributing to the background air quality would be located further afield and not easy to identify. In addition, the transport mechanism by which pollutants are carried over long distances (ranging from 1 km up to tens or hundreds of kms) is rather complex and cannot be adequately estimated by any of the air quality assessment models. 6.25 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures The Project affected areas will be most likely the immediate adjacent to the proposed Works and Access roads. Odor Emissions Odor impacts are generally nuisance related as opposed to health related. Odor performance criteria (see Chapter 3.5.1) guide decisions on odor management, but are not specifically intended to achieve ‘no odor’. The detectability of an odor is a sensory property that refers to the theoretical minimum concentration that produces an olfactory response or sensation, i.e. the odor threshold. Dust and Emissions Construction activities have the potential to generate a substantial amount of air pollution. In some cases, the emissions from construction represent the largest air quality impact associated with the Project, even though, the generation of construction-related emissions is temporary in nature. The emissions generated from common construction activities include;  Exhaust emissions of particulate matter (PM) and of nitrogn oxides (NOx) from fuel combustion for mobile heavy-duty diesel- and gasoline-powered equipment, portable auxiliary equipment, material delivery trucks, and worker commute trips,  Fugitive PM dust from soil disturbance and demolition activity,  Evaporative emissions of reactive organic compounds from paving activity and the application of architectural coatings. The application of architectural coatings is typically the largest source of reactive organic compounds emissions during construction activity,  Exhaust emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), Air quality will be affected by fugitive dust and emissions from construction machinery, concrete batching/asphalt plants, and vehicular traffic during the construction phase. Emissions may be carried over long distances, depending on wind speed and direction (see Chapter 3, Table 3,9), the temperature of the surrounding air, and atmospheric stability. The location of the residences, places of work shops, schools, hospitals and the civic cultural and other heritage sites has been reviewed in Chapter 3 (see table 3,21, 3,26). Some of the residences are close enough to be disturbed by dust. Water is available in the study area although surplus water may not always be available to suppress dust at many locations in the dry season. The critical sources of air pollution during the construction phase are listed below:  Concrete and asphalt plants that generate toxic emissions containing unburned carbon particulates, sulfur compounds, and dust from aggregate preparation,  Quarry areas that generate fugitive dust during rock blasting and crushing,  Earthen haulage tracks that generate dust, particularly during loading and unloading processes.  Traffic-diversion routes marked along dirt tracks that generate fugitive dust when in use by vehicular traffic. General Conformity for Vehicle Emissions General confirmity for total NOx and VOC emission to be discharged to the atmospher by the group of construction machinaries of the Contractor is calculated including employee vehicles. The data used in the calculation is derived from the Chapter 3.9.1, Table 3.28 and Table 3.29, and from the reports of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. The analysis is performed as a worse case scenario, and results are given below; 6.26 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures Table 6,14: General Conformity Review and Emission Inventory for the Proposed Project (Worse Case Analysis) NOx Emission VOC Emission Project Emission Sources and Estimated Power Estimates Estimates Equipment / Engine Category Nox VOC Nox # of Days of EF EF VOC Em. hp LF h/day hp-hr Em. Engines Operation (g/hp- (g/hp- (tons) (tons) hr) hr) Buldozer 2 330 1 6 45 178.200 9,2 1,81 1,3 0,26 Trench Excavator 6 110 1 9 110 653.400 9,2 6,63 1,3 0,94 Backhoe Excavator 8 140 1 9 110 1.108.800 9,2 11,24 1,3 1,59 Scraper 4 180 1 6 80 345.600 9,2 3,50 1,3 0,50 Mobile pump 8 130 1 6 105 655.200 9,2 6,64 1,3 0,94 Concrete Mixer Truck 6 110 1 9 120 712.800 9,2 7,23 1,3 1,02 Dumptruck 18 100 1 9 90 1.458.000 9,2 14,79 1,3 2,09 Mobile Crane 4 110 1 6 45 118.800 9,2 1,20 1,3 0,17 Tanker truck 8 90 1 9 90 583.200 9,2 5,91 1,3 0,84 Air Compr. 375 CFM 4 115 1 9 30 124.200 9,2 1,26 1,3 0,18 100 PSI Roller compactor, Vib. 8 180 1 9 30 388.800 9,2 3,94 1,3 0,56 NOx VOC 64,16 9,07 Total Total Total emissions including employee travel (see table 6,16) 0,41 0,36 NOx VOC Total 64,57 Total 9,43 Horsepower Hours: hp-hr = # of engines * hp*LF*hrs/day*days of operation. Load Factors: Load Factor (LF) represents the average percentage of rated horsepower used during a source’s operataional profile. For this worse case estimate, LF is held at 1 for all equipment. Typical is 0.4 to 0.6. Days of Operations: 334 days, see table 6,15. Emission Factors: NOx Emissions Factor (EF) for Off-Road Construction Equipment is 9.20 g/hp-hr. VOC Emissions Factor (EF) for Off-Road Construction Equipment is 1.30 g/hp-hr. Emissions (g) = Power Demand (hp-hr)* Emission Factor (g/hp-hr). Emission (tons) = Emissions (g) * (1 ton/907200 g). Pollutant Emissions from Employee Vehicles Assumptions; 1. Average trip distance (1 way) is …………………………... 30 km 2. Average NOx vehicle emission factor is………………….. 0.60 g/km 3. Average VOC vehicle emission factor is…………………. 0.53 g/km 4. Work crew comprised of……………………………………. 12 people 5. Total crew number is………………………………………... 19 team 6. No member of the work crew drives their own vehicle. They will use the Contarctor’s shuttle services. 7. Manegerial staff who can drive their own vehicle………... 12 8. Project Actual Construction Period is……………………... 18 months 9. Project construction occurs 5 days per week…………….. 6.27 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures 10. Holidays in a calendar during the construction period are 12 11. Number of Weather days (no-work) during the 90 construction period………………………………………….. Actual Work Days during the Construction Period; Table 6,15: Actual work days during the construction period Weekend Weather Actual Work Construction Duration Days Holidays Days Off Days Off 540 104 12 90 334 Actual work days = Construction duration (days) – [weekend days off + holidays off + weather days off] NOx and VOC Calculation Table 6,16: NOx and VOC Calculation for Employee Vehicles Average NOx Average Trips / Work vehicle VOC vehicle Emission Workers work km/trip Days emission emission Estimates day factor factor NOx 31 2 334 30 0,60 - 0,41 VOC 31 2 334 30 - 0,53 0,36 Total NOx (VOC) Calculation: 31 Vehicle per day * 2 trips/work day * 334 work days * 30 km/trip * vehicle emission factor for NOx or VOC. Total direct and indirect emission from the proposed Project/action are estimated at less than 100 tons for Ozone, and are below the conformity treshold value established at US Clean Air Act, 40 CFR 93.153(b) of 100 tons/year of Ozone. The proposed Project is not considered regionally significant from the perspective of Emission Levels. Health Impacts of Dust Health impacts of dust vary depending on the natüre of the particles (where they are from) and the size of particles. Exposure to inhalable and respirable dust can have potential health impacts on the respiratory system.  Inhalable Dust: Inhalable dust is less than 10 microns and greater than 2.5 microns in size. These particles may be deposited in the nose, throat, and upper sections of the lungs.  Respirable Dust: Respirable dust refers to those dust particles that are less than 2.5 microns in diameter and may be deposited in the lower sections of the lungs, including the alveoli. People who may be more susceptible to the health effects from inhalable and respirable dust are;  Infants and children,  Elderly people,  People with respiratory condition,  People with heart disease,  People with diabetes. Provided that the propsed Project is operated with proper dust controls, it is unlikely that a healthy adult would suffer serious health effects from the dust occured by the Project activities. No parts of the cultivated lands fall into the corridor of impact 1 (COI 1) along the Project corridor. However, 2150 hectares of agricultural lots surrounding Project Corridor between Kullulu village and 6.28 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures Kurdamir city fall into the corridor of impact 2 (CO 2). The loss of productivity on these lands will temporarily occur from the excessive dust and emission in medium level during the construction period. Nevertheless, emission and dust effects of the construction activities are temporary, and will come into existence in medium level indicated as Moderate in table 6,13. This impact will discontinue once the construction is completed. A less than significant impact with mitigation incorporated will occur on the agricultural lands from the perspective of loss of productivity during the construction phase. It has high mitigatory potential with the provision of compensation. No negative impact will come into existence in the operation phase of the Project, unless odor effects which will be sourced from Wastewater Treatment Plant. See the following Chapter and Chapter 6.2.9.2. for mitigation measures to minimize the odor effects which will be sourced from the WWTP. 6.2.4.2. Mitigation The following measures will be implemented to mitigate the impact of construction works on ambient air quality, however, heavy equipment and machines to be used within the construction phase should be mainly new and comply with all national and International standards. Impact of emissions from ancilliary equipments (welding equipment, pumps etc), construction mechanisms and lories on athmosphere will be minimal; Emissions and Dust Control Measures  Quarry areas and asphalt plants will be located at least 500 m downwind from populated areas, wildlife habitats, and contractors' camp, to minimize the impact of dust emissions.  Asphalt, hot mix and batching plants will be equipped with dust control equipment such as fabric filters or wet scrubbers to reduce the level of dust emissions.  The National Ambient Air Quality Standards and Summary air Quality Criteria given in Chapter 3.5.1 Table 3.15 are applicable to gaseous emissions and dust generations by construction vehicles, equipment, and machinery, will be enforced during construction works.  Heavy construction vehicles should perform in compliance with their exploitation standards.  Regular check of technical condition of all vehicles should be prepared and carried out regularly by the contractor’s safety manager and approved by EMU/ECO of AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan.  30 km/h speed limit should be set for movement of heavy construction vehicles on the dirt and service roads.  All excavation Works, building temporary service roads, and loading/unloading operations should be stopped when wind speed exceeds 11 km/s.  Transported loads should be overlayed with tarpaulin or another suitable material, if there is any people and dwellings at 300 m or closer distance.  If the working surfaces become dry and dusty, water will be sprinkled on exposed surfaces when work is carried out within 50 m of the side Sensitive Receivers.  No work will be carried out during the night (21.00hrs to 07.00hrs).  If works give rise to complaints over dust, the contractor shall investigate the cause and review and propose alternative mitigation measures before works recommence.  Fuel-efficient and well-maintained haulage trucks will be employed to minimize exhaust emissions. Smoke belching vehicles and equipment will not be allowed and will be removed from the project.  All diesel heavy construction equipment shall not remain running idle for more than five minutes.  Using alternative fueled equipment when feasible (such as biodiesel and electric).  All diesel-fueled engines used for on- and offsite construction activities shall be fueled only with ultralow sulfur diesel, which contains no more than 15 ppm sulfur.  The use of conventional cutback asphalt for paving to restrict the maximum VOC content of asphalt emulsion, shall be prohibited. Diesel portable generators less than 50 horsepower shall not be allowed at the construction site, except for those used by welders. 6.29 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures  Dust deposition gauges will be deployed on site troughout the construction stage by the contractor. Dust deposition will be calculated routinely in a laboratory and will be expressed as ‘mg/m3/day’. As a general approach, it is recommended that if works are within 15 m of any sensitive receivers, the contractor should install segregation between the works at the edge and the sensitive receivers. The segregation should be a proper and easily erectable sheet in 2.5 m high, and designed to retain dust and provide a temporary visual barrier to the works. Where dust is the major consideration the barrier can take the form of tarpaulins strung between two poles mounted on a concrete base. Using of Alternate Carriageways and and Tracks  As far as possible, construction work will be coordinated,  Where dust emissions are high, diversion tracks will be overlain with tarpaulin,  Where necessary, and subject to the availability of water, dust - emissions will be reduced by the regular sprinkling of water at least twice a day,  Haul-trucks carrying asphalt-concrete mix and/or aggregate fill materials will be kept covering with tarpaulin to help contain construction material being transported between sites,  Traffic diversion routes will be required, which if extended onto dirt tracks in the RoW or even onto proprietary land will create traffic congestion and dust pollution. Compensation for Loss of Productivity on the Agricultural Lands nearby the Project Corridor Although, this impact will be short term, the loss of the productivity during the construction period should be compensated. Compensation issues will be handled in accordance with the project RPF. Recommended odor Screening Distances The following odor screening distances to sensitive receivers should be used as absolute tresholds of significance for the odor impacts; Table 6,17: Recommended Odor Screening Distances Screening Distance Land Use/Type of Operation (m) 1 Wastewater Treatment Plant 750 2 Wastewater Pumping Facilities/Lift Stations 500 3 Sanitary Landfill 1000 4 Asphalt Bathcing Plant 3 000 5 Concrete Batching Plant 2 000 Sources: Bradley, R, ‘’Buffer Zones; Newsletter of ASEP, 1987, and Sacremento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District, CEQA Guide, 2009. 6.2.5. Noise 6.2.5.1. Analysis of Impact Potential noise impact arising from the Project would be construction noise and operational traffic noise. This section presents the assessment on noise impact during construction. The representative noise assessment points to be affected by the Project and potential noise impacts are identified and assessed. Appropriate noise mitigation measures are recommended under the study in subsequent Chapter 6.2.5.2. Powered mechanical equipment such as generators, excavators, piling rigs, stabilizers and concrete- mixing plant can generate significant noise and vibration. Whereas various modern machines are acoustically designed to generate low noise levels there is not much evidence that acoustically insulated plant is available in Azerbaijan. The cumulative effects from several machines can be significant and may cause significant nuisances. 6.30 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures Noise sources from the areas greater than 300 m of given Noise Sensitive Receivers are excluded from this assessment. Impact on Noise levels Excavation and Project construction would temporarily increase noise and possibly vibration in the Project corridor and may be considered an annoyance by occupants of nearby properties. The closest sensitive noise receptors in the Project corridor are the residential dwelling units located directly next door in many streets in Kurdamir city. There would be times when noise and vibration could interfere with indoor activities in nearby residences, including the residences at on either side of the Project corridor, and other businesses near the Project corridor. The noisest construction activities associated with the Project would likely be exterior finishing, which can generate the noise levels upto 89 dBA (see Table below). Noise generally attenuates (decreases) at a rate of 6 to 7.5 dBA per doubling of distance. Therefore, the exterior noise level at the sensitive receptors identified above could be greater than 80 dBA during the noisest construction activities. Table 6,18: Typical Construction Noise levels Phase Noise levels (dBA) Ground Clearing 84 Excavation 89 Foundation 78 Erection 85 Exterior Finishing 89 Pile Driving 90-105 Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Noise from Construction Equipment and operations, 1971 As shown above, noise sources during the construction period are mainly the cause of engineering machinery and vehicles. They are featured by their intermittent nature with mobility and high noise level (which is 80~90 dB(A) from a distance of 5 meters). We have, through applying the attenuation of point source method and without taking into account of such attenuation by sound barriers or atmospheric absorptions, calculated out the geometric divergence of sound attenuation, and the formula is as follows: * Lr = Lr0 – 20lg (r / r0) Where ; Lr : A weighted sound pressure level at place r away from noise source in dB(A) Lr0 : A weighted sound pressure level at place r0 away from noise source in dB(A) r : The distance between the point of estimation and noise sourcce in meters r0 : The distance between the monitoring point and noise sourcce in meters 20lg : 20 log * Engineering Acoustics, Michael Moser. See table below for estimated results for noises at the construction site; Table 6,19: Noise levels generated by the powered construction machinary Equipment 5m 10 m 20 m 40 m 50 m 100 m 150 m 200 m Loader-rubber tired 90 80 78 72 70 64 60 58 Crane 85 79 73 67 65 59 55 53 Bulldozer 86 80 74 68 66 60 56 54 Excavator 84 78 72 66 64 58 54 52 Truck 90 80 78 72 70 64 60 58 Electric saw 81 75 69 63 61 55 51 49 Noise generated by powered construction machinery and subsequently by vehicular traffic during the construction phase, is likely to affect sensitive receptors located within about 50 m of the Project corridor direct impact area (CoI). However, this impact will be temporary, the impact will disappear upon completion of the Project. 6.31 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures Prediction of Combined Noise Levels The prediction of the noise levels due to combined activities is given in the following table for each significant stage of Works using the individual plant noise levels, and the resulting impacts at varying distances from the activities are shown. Table 6,20: Typical Combined Construction Noise Levels Combined Construction Noise Levels dBA Activity 1000 m 2000 m 100 m 150 m 200 m 250 m 300 m 350 m 400 m 450 m 500 m 10 m 15 m 20 m 40 m 50 m 5m Site clearance and preparation of working 90 89 88 84 78 74 67 64 61 59 57 56 55 54 53 43 39 width Topsoil Stripping 89 88 87 83 77 72 66 63 60 58 56 55 54 53 52 42 38 Pipeline route excavation and 91 90 89 85 79 75 68 65 62 60 58 57 56 55 54 44 40 preparation 85 84 83 79 73 69 62 59 56 54 52 51 50 49 48 38 34 Road Works 75 74 73 69 63 59 52 49 46 44 42 41 40 39 38 28 - Landscaping Source: USEPA, 1971, and Barnes et al., 1979 Based on the predicted impact levels, it is anticipated that construction noise levels will exceed the existing ambient noise level at properties closest to the site. The extent of this impact at any property will vary depending on the specific plant being used, the distance or range of distances to the property, the "on time" of each activity, and any localized screening. However, it is recognized that construction activity is typically temporary in nature, with a requirement to use plant with high noise levels at specific locations. Therefore, the ability to control construction noise levels relates primarily to the duration and time of construction activity in any one day. In this regard, National Standards of Maximum Allowable Noise Levels of Azerbaijan (see. Chapter 3.6, Table 3.26) typically recommend maximum allowable noise levels at a construction site. However, the tresholds recommended in the standards are the maximum allowable indoor noise levels. As there is no National specific range of outdoor (outdoor wall) noise level threshold criteria, the requirements of the United States Quiet Communities Act of 1978 have been patterned for the margin of sound power levels for this Project. This Act has established the criteria of 70 dbA equivalent steady state for residential areas, schools, parks, hospitals, and 75 dbA for other sensitive receptors and for commercial land use. The exterior noise levels given in the following table have been agreed by U.S. Department of Transportation for public health and welfare; Table 6,21: Land Use Category of U.S. DoT for Noise Levels Noise Levels (dbA) Description of Land-Use Category Areas such as amphitheaters, certain parks, or open spaces in which local officials 60 (exterior) agree serenity and quiet are of extraordinary significance Residences, motels, hotels, public meeting rooms, schools, churches, libraries, 70 (exterior) hospitals, recreational areas 75 (exterior) Developed land, properties, or activities not included in above two categories Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Policy Procedure Memorandum 90-2 Appendix B, Transmittal 279, Feb. 1973. When data in the above two tables are reviewed, sound power levels within the 50 m from the noise resources (powered mechanical equipment) will expose the human beings alongside the construction activities. The sensitive receptors beyond 50 m from the noise resources will be affected gradually 6.32 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures moderate and low. As there is no sensitive ecosystems, wildlife community (fauna) in or nearby the Project corridor, they are excluded from this assessment. In determining the overall noise level at the receptor(s), consideration should also be given to a number of factors that increase and/or decrease the noise level by affecting the propagation of sound. In principle, these can be summarized as;  Increase due to multiple reflections from vertical surfaces – hard sites (e.g. from high buildings on both sides of a road, bare rock surfaces),  Decrease due to air absorption,  Decrease due to absorptive ground cover – soft sites (such as grass or cultivated land),  Decrease due to trees and woods – soft sites, and  Decrease due to barriers of all types (e.g. due to topography). The simulations given in following figures (graphs) are prepared using the data given for combined construction noise levels in Table 6.20, to illustrate the impacts of noise sources in the vicinity of the noise sensitive receivers. First graph illustrates the impacts of noise sources combined for a group of activity ‘as worse case scenario’ (pipeline excavation and preparation to be worked inside the rayon centre city - for a hard site). Second graph illustrates the impacts of noise sources combined for a group of activity ‘as worse case scenario’ (topsoil stripping to be worked along the raw water pipeline alignment between catchment area and WTP site - for a soft site). Third graph illustrates the impact of noise sources combined for a group of activity ‘as worse case scenario’ (construction activities in WWTP east of the city – for a soft site). In addition, the set of machinery assumed in the calculations seldom operate at the same place and at the same time (worst-case), and it is physically impossible that all machinery can actually be present at the same place. Hence even under the worst case scenario assumptions, as unlikely as they are, the noise generated is within the allowable limits. Furthermore, the actual overall noise level will be lower due to the attenuation of noise by air, vegetation and other natural noise barriers that were excluded from the modeling. Sound Attenuation - Worse Case Scenario for Pipe Laying in Kurdamir city 100 Assessment : 90 The result shows that portable noise barriers must be introduced for the 80 premises are closer than 85 m to the noise sources during the work. 70 Noise  Levels ‐ dBA 60 85 m 50 40 Sound Level Curve  of 30 Excavation and Preparation Works 20 Activities for  Pipe Laying in the  City 10 Outdoor  Noise  Level 0 Treshold for 0 100 200 300 Residential Area Distance   ‐ m Figure 6.3: Sound Attenuation – Worse Case Scenario for Pipe Laying in Kurdamir City 6.33 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures Sound Attenuation - Worse Case Scenario - Topsoil Stripping along the raw water transmission main - pipe laying 100 Assessment : Since the area is Quiet Rural Area 90 along the secondary roads, attenuation 80 of the sound pressure to an acceptable level needs a distance of 70 approximately 500 m, see Table 6,20. Noise  Levels ‐ dBA However, absorptive ground cover will 60 significantly decrease the sound pressure levels. 50 40 30 20 Sound Level Curve of  Topsoil 10 Stripping 0 activities alo ng 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 the  Raw Water Pipe  Laying Distance   ‐ m Figure 6.4: Sound Attenuation – Worse Case Scenario for Topsoil Stripping Activities along the raw water pipeline alignment betwen Catchment Area and WTP The treshold sound pressure level for the Rural Area is 30-40 dBA which is given in Chapter 3.6, Table 3.24. Sound Attenuation - Worse Case Scenario - Construction Activities at the WWTP site, east of Kurdamir city 80 1750 m the nearest residential plot of the city to the sound sources 70 Assessment : 60 Since the nearest residential plot of the city is a distance of 1750 m to Noise  Levels ‐ dBA 50 the sound sources, portable noise bariers may not be introduced. The sound pressure level at this point is 40 well below the outdoor noise level treshold, which is 70 dBA for the id i l 30 Sound Level Curve  at the WWTP Site,  east of 20 Kurdamir city 10 Outdoor  Noise  Level Treshold for  Residential Area 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Distance   ‐ m Figure 6.5: Sound Attenuation – Worse Case Scenario for Construction Activities in the WWTP site, east of Kurdamir city 6.34 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures However, the noise effects of the construction activities are temporary, and its magnitude will be in Medium level indicated as Moderate/Minor in table 6,13. A less than significant level of impact will occur during the construction phase, and has high mitigatory potential. This impact will discontinue once the construction is completed. 6.2.5.2. Mitigation The Project is scheduled to commence in the second half of 2011 and to be completed at the end of the first half of 2013 (30.06.2013). All construction tasks will be carried out during unrestricted hours (09.00 to 18.00 hour Monday to Saturday, excluding general holidays). The following construction activities will not take place concurrently to minimize the adverse effects of the noise to be generated by the powered mechanical equipments while working in or nearby the downtown of the settlements;  Trench excavation, slope works, and realign the kerbs,  Loading activities by loaders,  Pooring concrete by pump,  Road paving, There are a few schools and hospitals in the Project Corridor (see Exhibit 3,5 and Chapter 3.5.2 Table 3,21). Where schools are nearby, the contractor shall discuss with the EMU/ECO and the school principals about the agreed time for operating these machines, and completely avoid machine use near schools during examination times. Where noise is a major consideration (say outside temples) construction should be avoided at sensitive times. Mitigation measures to protect existing sensitive locations from high noise levels in the construction phase, include:  Monitoring noise levels and facilitating USEPAs in enforcing vehicle noise standards as prescribed in the National Ambient Air Quality Standards.  To minimize impacts the contractor shall have a unit to; o Maintain and service all equipment to minimize noise levels, o Locate equipment to minimize nuisances, o Install acoustic insulation or use portable noise barriers where practicable to limit noise at sensitive receivers.  Insulation should be provided for the noise levels given in the Maximum Allowable Noise Levels (see Chapter 3,6, Table 3,25) as indoor criteria, to minimize noise impact.  As a back-up option to control noise, portable barriers can be introduced using heavy thick ply-board or corrugated metal sheet.  Nearby people and institutions should be warned about the high noise daytime.  Mufflers of heavy vehicles should always be kept in good condition.  The scheduled daily working hours should be recommended by law between 9.00 AM and 6.00 PM.  Monitoring and controlling noise exposure at the Project corridor should be provided using; o A sound level meter, o A noise dosimeter.  All noise measurements in the Project corridor should be thoroughly documented. The records should contain at least the following indicators; o Exposure monitoring, o Audiometric testing, o Training of operators of Contractor.  Audiometric testing must be offered to the employees by a physician, audiologist, or qualified technician under the direction or supervision of a physician or audiologist.  The noise limits should be defined as follows; o Action level, o Permissible exposure limit.  A hearing conservation programme should be developed by the Contractor for his employees. 6.35 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures  Any operation by such equipment as percussion piling machine or pneumatic hammer shall be prohibited in the work closer than 50 m to a structure registered as a culturel heritage. 6.2.6. Temporary Traffic Management The Main access to the proposed project area is by way of Baku – Tbilisi highway. The regional access to the Kurdamir city is by way of Babek Street (a part of Kurdamir – Agsu highway). However, a significant increase of traffic conjunction will occur on Babek street, where the regional bazaar and intensive commercial activities occur. 6.2.6.1. Analysis of Impact There are also concerns about blocking the existing roads and many other footpaths and tracks in or nearby the Project corridor. The Project will also need alternative service roads and footpathes which will be constructed temporarily in or nearby the Project corridor. Needs to use of alternative service roads, pootpaths, and tracks, and blocking the existing roads will create the temporary impacts which cause physical discomfort in or nearby the physical enviroment, which are;  increasing the traffic which is substantial in relation to the existing traffic load and capacity of the street system,  resulting in a substantial increase in the number of vehicle trips,  resulting in a substantial increase in the volume of capacity ratio on roads, or congestion at intersections,  resulting in adequate emergency Access. A significant increase in visitation to the Project area will not occur as a result of the proposed project. All project activities will be confined within the boundaries of working sections and would not severely restrict access to or block any major public road. The addition of worker vehicles entering and leaving during daylight hours will not constitute a substantial or long-term increase in traffic volume or congestion at the city entrances or restrict the public’s access to their property. Temporary and intermittent interruption of traffic flow may occur within Baku – Tbilisi highway and Babek street due to trucks hauling and depositing sediment. The mitigation measures would help reduce impacts to less than significant. The impact on congestion resulting from project-generated vehicles on normal traffic on Baku - Tbilisi highway or internal roads would be minimal and have no impact on the acceptable Level of Service for this area. None of the activities associated with the project that will occur within the boundaries of the Project area and work will contain a design feature that will substantially increase hazards; therefore, no impact exists. Work associated with the proposed project will not substantially restrict access to or block any public road during the weekday. Detours will be implemented if necessary. With the implementation of the mitigation measures, impacts to emergency access will be reduced to a less than significant level. Project activities will generate a temporary demand for construction worker vehicle parking. This parking demand will not be substantial and will likely be accommodated in the staging/sorting area and at park administration or maintenance facilities. There will be no impact on parking capacity emanating from the proposed project. There are no policies, plans, or programs supporting alternative transportation that apply to the proposed project area; therefore, there would be no impact. The temporary negative impacts will come into existence in the less than significant level because of the traffic congestion and road blockins during the construction period. Impact magnitude will be in 6.36 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures Low level indicated as Minor in the table 6,13. This impact has high mitigatory potential. These impacts will discontinue once the construction is completed. 6.2.6.2. Mitigation The traffic load which will be increased after starting the Project should be demonstrated with supporting details that the works should be carried out on a lane-by-lane basis according to existing traffic flow pattern. The contractor should conduct a separate ‘Traffic Impact Analysis’ report to submit for approval of AWM OJSC of Azebaijan and local Traffic Management Department. Construction vehicle trips in and out of the immediate construction zone shall be coordinated and scheduled away from "rush-hour" periods, to minimize general traffic disruption. The following measures should be developed;  Banning of movements,  Temporary parking restrictions,  Pedestrian and cyclist diversion routes where construction prevents Access,  Widening of carriageway,  Maintaining footways where possible  Temporary traffic signal,  One way scheme,  Maintaining local residential access at all times,  New temporary pedestrian crossing facilities,  General traffic diversion routes where roads are closed,  Conducting a study on pedestarian and vehicular flow,  Improving the capacity of affected road sections in order to maximize the number of new niches allowed without seriously affected the neighborhood.  The circulation and liaison works should also be handled by the contractor. The mitigation measure below will help reduce impacts to less than significant level:  Notice posting project hours of operation and duration, along with a map of the aerial extent of activities and potential access closures should be posted at all Project area and trail access points leading into the project vicinity,  Project traffic control monitors should be posted at the north and south ends of the city with the authority to turn road users away during periods of high activity. However, reasonable attempts should be made to keep as much of the project area open to access as is deemed safe during project implementation; and  Traffic control and alternate access route information should be provided, including alternate service trails. Where pedesterian trails must cross truck haul routes, traffic control will be provided to ensure safety to pedesterians. 6.2.7. Ecological Environment 6.2.7.1. Analysis of Impact Impacts on Vegetation Forests There is no forest zone and/or forest blades in the rayon area. Therefore, no impact exists. Dry Mountain Shrubland Ecosystems There is no dry mountain shrubland section within the rayon area, and therefore, no impact exists. 6.37 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures High Mountain Ecosystems There is no high mountain ecosystem area in the rayon area, and therefore, no impact exists. Steppe Ecosystem Originally, steppes predominantly occurred between the wormwood and saltwort semi-deserts of the lowlands and as forest steppes in the mountains. Today, highly arable regions, especially the foothills along the Greater Caucasus, bear witness to the productivity and soil quality of these former steppe habitats. However, no parts of the Project corridor fall into the Steppe Eco-system area, and therefore no impact exists. Semi-Dessert Ecosystem The two dominating formations are wormwood semi-desert dominated by Artemisia fragrans and saltwort semi-desert with various chenopodiaceous species (e.g. Salsola dendroides, Salsola ericoides, Suaeda dendroides or Salicornia europea). Depending on the level of soil salinity, a gradient can be established for the semi-deserts. Tree-like saltwort (Salsola dendroides) is a common sight throughout the region, growing on slightly saline soils at roadsides and in disturbed areas. Two types of the Artemisia fragrans semi-desert can be distinguished in the rayon area. One of them ranges from 30 to 115 masl and is made up mostly of salt-resistant species, e.g. Reaumuria hyericoides, Parapholis incurva and Psylliostachys spicata, but also non-salt-adapted ephemerals. This vegetation type forms insular patches enclosed by salt semi-desert. It is probably limited to soils with high salt concentrations, for instance in flat, salt-accumulating pans. In a range within 50 to 100 m around the stables, the original vegetation generally disappeared completely. The Project corridor falls entirely into the Salt Semi-desert Vegetation and partly Artemisia fragrans Semi-desert Vegetation zone. However, the construction related activities will be confined with the width of the RoW of the village connection roads, and borders of Kurdamir city’s settled area. Therefore, a less than significant impact will occur on the this vegetation zone, and this impact will come into existence in medium level and has high mitigatory potential. Waterlands and Wetlands Waterlands and riverine ecosystem in the region track with wide strips along the main rivers (Girdimanchay, Agsuchay and Lower Kur rivers) and their branches at the northern part of Shirvan lowland and both sides of Kur river. However, no parts of the Project corridor fall into the riverine ecosystem occured in both sides of the Lower Kur and Agsuchay rivers. 3 km of Project corridor section along the raw water transmission main and new HIGD in the southern part of Kulullu valley travel on the Girdimanchay flood plain. These sections of the Project corridor refer to the area of land adjacent to a water body, and are are accepted as the riparian buffer corridors, and indicated in Exhibit 6,2. Therefore, a less than significant impact will occur on the wetlands. Cultivated Garden Plants Although 2150 hectares of agricultural lots surrounding Project Corridor between Kullulu village and Kurdamir city fall into the corridor of impact 2 (CO 2), no parts of the cultivated lands fall into the corridor of impact 1 (COI 1) along the Project corridor. 6.38 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures Therefore, a less than significant impact with mitigation incorporated occurs on the agricultural lands. However, this impact will be temporary and disappeared once the Project is completed. Tree Felling There are no trees necessary to be felled and replanted within the Project corridor. Therefore, no impact exists. Nature Protection and Protected Areas There is no National Park, wildlife sanctuaries and/or game reserve areas in the rayon area, no impact exists. Impacts on Terrestrial Wildlife and Birds Mining for obtaining the aggregate to use in the construction activities also affects the bio diversity living along the water bodies. Mining directly disturbs terrestrial resources by disturbing the land surface, even with appropriate safeguards, mining will have negative environmental impacts. A walk-through research was carried out on November 17-18, 2010 along raw and treated water transmission mains from Kullullu catchment area to Kurdamir city. The research corridor roughly comprised of the settled areas of Atakishili, Xirdapay, Shiximli, Shahseven, Murtullu, Topalhasanli, Ujarli, Goydellekli, Arabmehdibey, Padar, Kulullu villages, and Kurdamir city. The Research Corridor also comprised of Girdimanchay river basin along the Kulullu valley, low streams of Agsuchay river basin and Lower Kur river basin in the south border of the rayon. A visual surveillance method has been attempted to detect, determine, recognize and track the biological communities along the project corridor and in / around the said above districts. The results of the research are given in Annex-5. According to biological survey report; only White Pelican living in the area of the proposed project corridor are included into the Red Book of Azerbaijan, and Little Bustard is included into the Red List of International Nature Protection Union. These species are occasionally encountered in the project area for feeding. No migration path of the avian and terrestrial species gets across the project corridor. Therefore, no endemic or common avian and/or terrestrial biological community is vulnerable to hazard to be occured during the construction period. All animal species indicated in Annex-5, Table-6 and 7, have a fixed mode of life in Kur – Araz lowlands. It has been determined that the Tugai forest blades and shrubberies along the river valleys have been under serious pressure as a source of fuel for heating and timber products, and as pastures for the numerous privately owned herds of cattle and other livestock. It has been determined that their biotopes of population in the project area are open water areas of Upper Shirvan Canal and marshlands, Lower Kur basin, open swampy areas, semideserts, shrubbery and reedy places. The breeding season for most bird species is from September to December and from April to June. However, no endemic bird species occur in or nearby the Project corridor, and no migration path of the migratory bird species gets across the project corridor, see Annex-5. The mammals are dominated by several species of rodents, with Meriones lybicus, Allactaga elater and Microtus socialis the most common. Also, bats are diverse with ten species. Another typical inhabitant of the semi-desert region is Hemiechinus auritus. Common large carnivores include Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) and Golden Jackal (Canis aureus), and Wolves (C. lupus) also occur here regularly. Of the carnivore species at all possible to meet the fox, the appearance of the wolf is more prevalent in winter season, when flocks of sheep descend from the mountains for the winter. 6.39 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures No rare, endangered, and threatened population recorded in the Red Data Book of Azerbaija inhabit in or nearby the Project corridor, see Annex-5. The breeding season for wild animal species including the birds is from September to December and April to July in the region. The impacts to wildlife and birds will be less than significant. The appropriate measures are recommended in Chapter 6.2.7.2 and Chapter 7 (Environmental Management Plan). Impact on Aquatic biology and Fisheries on the Waterlands Ichthyofauna of the Lower Kur river contains 43 species and subspecies, which belong to 11 families. Three species of Cyclostomata and fishes - Caspian lamprey (Caspiomyzon wagneri), white-eyed bream (Abramis sapa), and sabrefish (Pelecus cultratus) are included into the Azerbaijan Red Book. Beluga (Huso huso), ship sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris), Persian sturgeon (A. gueldenstedti persicus), stellate sturgeon (A. stellatus), and sabrefish (Pelecus cultratus) are included in the Red List of World Conservation Union (IUCN). Some of these fishes, such as beluga, ship sturgeon, Persian sturgeon, Kur stellate sturgeon, Caspian salmon, pike, Kur roach, Black Sea roach, rudd, Caspian asp, tench, chanari barbell, Caspian barbell, Danubian bleak, silver bream, Caspian bream, zahrte, common carp, grass carp, white bighead, catfish, zander, perch are of commercial importance. All fishes, which have no commercial value, are non-migratory. However, no part of the Project corridor falls into the Lower Kur river’s coastal area. Therefore, no impact exists. The upstream of Girdimanchay and Agsuchay rivers is not rich in fish species. Only, the brown trout (saloma fario) occurs in the upstream of rivers. However, no parts of upstreams of these rivers fall into the rayon area or Project corridor, and therefore, no impact exists. The breeding season for most amphibians is winter period from the end of the December to the end of the February with the exact date depending on local climatic conditions (Nyman, 1991). The timing of breeding evolves as a response to the presence of other species in the community. Therefore, no impact occurs on the breeding of the amphibians nearby the Project corridor from the construction activities will be off in winter season. These impacts on the aquatic biology can be considered less than significant with the provision of planning the construction activities out of the breeding season and recommended mitigation measures in the following Chapter. Impact’s magnitude will be in medium level indicated as Minor in the table 6,13. 6.2.7.2. Mitigation Vegetation Mitigation Measures – Short Term (Construction Phase) Impacts on vegetation should be prevented in accordance with the following measures:  Indigeneous vegetation should be preserved to the greatest extent possible.  All maintained landscapes should be properly managed to avoid water quality impacts.  By siting development away from erodible soils, it is possible to significantly reduce the amount of erosion, altough soil type, topography, and climatological conditions affect the degree of erosion resulting from land disturbance activities both during and after construction. 6.40 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures Measures to mitigate this loss of vegetation cover are outlined below:  A tree plantation and grassing program should be incorporated into the outline project design to compensate for the anticipated loss of vegetation during construction activities, and to help abate pollution caused by emissions, dust, and noise during the construction phase.  Contractors will be required to establish their campsites, asphalt plants (if required), crusher plants and concrete batching plant on waste/barren land rather than on forested or agriculturally productive land. While clearing away shrub and bushes may be unavoidable, the cutting of trees will be minimized.  The contractor will ensure that there is minimal disruption to the area's vegetation. Trees or shrubs will be felled only if they impinge directly onto sites demarcated for permanent works or necessary temporary Works (i.e, wastewater plant site), and with prior approval from the supervision consultant of AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan and/or the forest department.  Construction vehicles, machinery and equipment will remain confined within their designated areas of movement.  Before ground disturbing activities begin, identify and locate all equipment staging areas. In addition, vegetation clearing measures indicated in Chapter 7.2.2.3 will take place with the measures above. Long-Term Measures Disturbed areas that will not be built upon;  for one (1) year shall incorporate a temporary cover crop to promote soil stability.  Areas exposed for two (2) or more years must be revegetated with a perennial, native grass mix (or other grass mixtures as recommended by the local Natural Resources Conservation Service Office, if there is, or related any department).  Within two (2) full growing season of project completion, vegetative site coverage shall have a perennial herbaceous component equal to or greater than seventy percent (70%) of the adjacent undisturbed areas. Where cut and fill cannot be avoided, slopes shall be designed for long term stability. Permanent vegetation should be used as the priority approach to stabilization of cut and fill areas where slopes are less than or equal to 3:1. On steeper cut and fill slopes, stabilization may be attained by utilizing a combination of retaining walls, rock walls, up slope runoff diversions, terracing, slope drains, soil nailing, mulch binders, erosion control blankets, vegetation or other measures appropriate for the specific situation. Retaining walls over 1.2 m in height or steep retaining walls shall be designed by a qualified individual. The contractor(s) shall provide the sand/gravel (crushed or naturally sieved and washed material) for filling, underlaying the pipes, using of base and sub-base material, asphalt mixture, and concrete mixture in all Project activities from the other plants in and/or out of the rayon. Loss of Productivity on the Agricultural Lots Any loss of productivity on the agricultural lots which will be affected from the activities of the empowered construction machinaries, will be compensated in accordance with the RPF to be prepared for the Project. Terrestrial Wildlife and Birds Special measures will be adopted to minimize impacts on the wild birds, such as avoiding construction activities during the critical periods of breeding and feeding. No construction activity should be involved within the breeding season, which is from September to December and from April to July in or along the Project corridor section of raw water pipeline alignment. Staff working on the project should be given clear orders, not to shoot, snare or trap any bird. 6.41 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures Educational materials will be in the form of interpretive panels designed to raise awareness about the needs of the area wildlife and deter the workforce of the Contaractor(s) from leaving the established user trails. User trails in the sensitive wetland area should be monitored by daily photographing the condition and extent of user trails in the area. If it is determined that the Contractor’s workers are not respecting the voluntary “closure” of the wetland area, the representative of Ecology Department of the rayon reserves the right to establish a seasonal closure of the area through appropriate legal mechanisms. However, the contractor will coordinate with the ecology (for wildlife) department of rayon to ensure that there is minimal disturbance to the area's wildlife during construction. Aquatic Biology and Fisheries Contractor will prevent the workers from hunting and fishing for water birds and fish resources, etc. During the spawning season (november through December) of the trout, the construction activities (if necessary) in the riverfront areas should be banned to protect these species. However, no riverfront areas exist within the Project corridor. 6.2.8. Cultural Environment 6.2.8.1. Analysis of Impact Four internationally archeological, and one nationally important cultural heritage site exists in the rayon area. Buyak and Shalakon (nearby Sigirli village), Garatepe and Shehergah ancient settlements (III and VIII Centuries) are internationally important archeological sites in the rayon area. Nationally important historical heritages are densed in and nearby the Arabgubali village. Tomb-Xalife (XIX century) and Mosque-Xalife (XIX Century) are located in this village. See Exhibit 3,6. However, no historical and archeological heritage sites exist in the city’s settled area. Only, five architectural memorials (Monument to Mother, Memorial for World War II, January 20 monumental memorial, Bust of Memish Abdullayev, Alley of Martyrs and H. Aliyev Sculpture in H. Aliyev square) exist in the city. Architectural memorials, cultural, and archeological importance located along the Project corridor is given in the Chapter 3,8, Table 3.26. No archeological site falls into the Project corridor, and therefore no impact exist. Nevertheless, series of mitigation measures is recommended in the following section. 6.2.8.2. Mitigation  Any proposed ground disturbance in areas identified as having archaeological potential should be undertaken in conjunction with or preceded by appropriate archaeological investigation and recording by a suitably qualified archaeologist.  Protective barriers are to be installed around all heritage and architectural memorial buildings located on the site to ensure protection during the Works.  If any artifact on site is uncovered, work in the immediate vicinity shall be stopped immediately.  Work may only resume once clearance is given in writing by the archaeologist. 6.42 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures  Ministry of Cultur and Tourism shall be contacted such that an archaeological consultant can be appointed to excavate and record the site. 6.2.9. System Utilities 6.2.9.1. Analysis of Impact Water Treatment Plant This facility will likely generate a positive effect from the perspective of public health. The impacts of ‘’drinking sludge’’ disposal and low level noise generated by the pumps etc. on the environment will be insignificant. Effluent resulted from the sludge treatment has no hazardous effect on the receiving body. Drinking sludge contains colloidal iron and alum hydroxides (alum and iron are the most used coagulant), colloidal or dissolved organic matter, clay, silt and microorganisms. Wastewater Treatment Plant Presently, no municipal Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) exists in the city. This facility will likely generate a positive effect on biodiversity of the proposed service area. Wastewater Treatment plant should be constructed at 750 m far to the nearest settled area (see Exhibit 6,3) to provide appropriate odor screening distance. Since the proposed WWTP site will be 1.75 km far from the city’s settled area, the required setback is provided in Kurdamir case. No negative effect will be expected in the operation phase from the WWTP. Offensive odor effects of WWTP will be minimized with the mitigation measures explained in Chapter 6.2.9.2. 6.2.9.2. Mitigation Water Treatment Plant There is no negative impact on the environment. Nevertheless, a protective forest range (beautification zone, see Exhibit 6,3), has to be established around it as well. Wastewater Treatment Plant Mitigation measures to minimize the odor effects which will be sourced from the WWTP in the operation phase are below;  An at least 30 m beautification zone from the perimeter fence of the WWTP is required, see Exhibit 6,3.  Installing activated carbon filters/carbon adsorption in the aeration basin influent channel, and /or all waste gas axhaust systems,  Installing biofiltration/bio trickling filters for all waste gas axhaust systems,  Installing fine bubble aerators to wastewater treatment tank sor ponds to increase treatment efficiency and dissolved oxygen to prevent odor-generating anaerobic activity,  Installing hooded enclosures on grit dumpsters and primary clarifier weir covers, and/or channel seals,  Installing wet and dry scrubbers on waste gas exhaust systems from treatment tanks,  Installing caustic and hypochlorite chemical scrubbers on waste gas exhaust systems from treatment tanks,  Installing an ammonia scrubber on waste gas axhaust from treatment tanks,  Installing energy efficient blower system to increase treatment efficiency and dissolved oxygen levels,  Installing thermal oxidizer to oxidize all waste gas exhaust, 6.43 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures  Caping and covering the storage basins the anaerobic ponds to avoid release of odorous compounds,  Installing mixed flow exhaust system to dilute waste gas exhaust,  Installing SolarBee or similar Technologies on storage basins and anaerobic ponds to avoid fugitive release of odorous compounds. Sludge Drying Beds in WWTP Site The following list provides current, in-practice mitigation measures and management practices for sludge drying beds of WWTP;  Installing a cover or cap over the beds that can be used to cover the beds after operation cease.  Installing a negative and/or positive aeration system to control moisture and temperature and provide oxygen for microbial decomposition.  Installing a flare for treatment of methane gas prior to release. Mono-landfill Area in a separate Site The following list provides current, in-practice mitigation measures and management practices for mono-landfill area;  Determining the appropriate frequency of turning and mixing of the piles, which may be a function of ambient temperature,  Installing vegetation growth on landfill facility to cover intermediate and final portions of the landfill,  Providing a water tight (e.g. clay) layer below the deposit to prevent infiltration into the ground water.  Providing a drainage layer above the water tight layer consisting of a system of drainage pipes, with appropriate slope (for gravitational water drainage).  A protective layer of sand should follow, protecting the underlying drainage foil system from mechanical damage and consequent leakage.  Leachate water infiltrated from the drainage system should be forwarded to the treatment plant’s inlet, if possible.  A protective forest range (beautification zone, see Exhibit 6,3, has to be established around it as well. 6.2.10. Summary of Impact Levels The following matrix summarize the levels of impacts sequentially identified in the assessment period in light of the environmental checklist. Table 6,22: Impact levels matrix Impact Levels Less Than Item Potentially Significant Less Than No Impacts Significant with Significant No Impact Mitigation Impact Impact incorporated Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 1 Aesthetics  2 Agricultural Resources   3 Air Quality  4 Biological Terrestrial  6.44 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures Aquatic  5 Cultural Resources  6 Geology and Soils  Hazards and Vectors  7 Hazardous Contaminatio Materials n  8 Hydrology and Water Quality  9 Land Use and Planning  10 Mineral Resources  11 Noise  12 Population and Housing  13 Public Services  14 Recreation  15 Transportation and Traffic  16 Systems’ Utilities  The potential impact of the proposed Project generally seems ‘less than significant impact’, only two item appear likely to affect the environment less than significant incorporated with the appropriate mitigation measures. 6.2.11. Cumulative Impact The impact durations are limited in the Proposed Project for most environmentally indicators by the construction timescale. The proposed Project have impacts that are individually limited, therefore, they are not cumulatively considerable. 6.3. Environmental Benefits of the Project Based on the achieving of the drinkable water supply, adequately designed sewage network, and technologically improved wastewater treatment in rayon, a series significant benefits can accrue in the form of increased public health and reduced environmental problems. For instance;  Water borne disease will decrease and health status will improve,  Timely and sufficient supply of quality water,  Control on leakages, loss, wastage, pilferage will make water availability with pressure,  Environment, sanitation improvement,  Better hygienic condition and health status of people,  Interceptor sewer and collector sewer reconstruction will prevent pollution on road and near human settlements,  Breaking the cycle of disease transfer can be provided on the human and other species of environment, 6.4. Socio-economic Benefits of the Project 6.4.1. Construction Phase Economic Benefits The Project’s construction phase activity will generate a two year burst of economic benefits because of the high temporary levels of Project employment and local purchasing. For example, peak employment will exceed 250 – 300 workers in a project year. By contrast, the operations phase will employ perhaps 20 % of this peak number. 6.45 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures  Rayon’s people will earn an estimated 5.6 % of the Construction Costs in wages during the construction phase.  AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan and its contractors will spend roughly 23 % of the construction costs on goods, services and supplies obtained in the rayon and its suroundings over the approximately two year construction period.  Considering spinoff effects generated by these wages and purchases, the construction phase will boost the gross domestic product of the rayon by a projected approx. 10 % per year of the construction period. 6.4.2. Operations Phase Economic Benefits The employment and the procurement of goods and services from rayon’s suppliers during the operations phase will be a fraction during the construction phase. The tariff payments to the SuKanal Department of the rayon for the supply of hygienic and sufficient drinkable water and well-designed wastewater and treatment services will begin. These tariff payments will continue during the Project economic lifespan. The result will be a much more sustained, consistent and significant total economic benefit versus the construction phase.  Rayon’s people will earn an estimated 13 % of the investment cost in wages during the estimated 20 year operational life of the Project.  Rayon SuKanal Department (subsidiary of Azersu) and its contractors will spend roughly 14 % of the investment cost purchasing goods, services and supplies from rayon’s vendors over this 20 year period.  Considering the spinoff effects generated by this economic activity, the operations phase of the Project will boost the gross domestic product of the rayon by 2 % per year. 6.4.3. Wider Economic Benefits The Project also identified a number of Project elements that will also have important economic benefits in the rayon.  Upgraded water supply and sanitation infrastructure will remedy rayon’s health and public safety infrastructure. This improvement will augment access to potential markets for an array of the rayon businesses.  Association with the Project will improve the skills of rayon’s workers and help to develop its businesses, preparing them to take better advantage of future economic opportunities. As part of these analysis, the project will acknowledge the full range of typical impacts associated with any similar large scale development project, including some that can have negative consequences (e.g., inflation effects, labor supply effects, etc.). For this Project, however, this study shows that these potential effects will be relatively minor in comparison to the Project’s overall positive economic impacts. 6.46 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Management and Monitoring Chapter 7 Overview In accordance with the World Bank's safeguard policies and procedures, including OP/BP/GP 4.01 Environmental Assessment, the rehabilitation and reconstruction of the water supply and sanitation systems are classified as a Category A project for environmental assessment purposes. Environmental due diligence for Category A World Bank financed activities advises the Borrower to prepare the present document, called "Environmental Management Plan" (EMP), and to implement it in order to prevent, minimize or mitigate site-specific environmental impacts. The present EMP has been prepared to protect the environment from risks such as improper waste disposal, noise, soil erosion on slopes, pollution of rivers and other water sources, etc. The main objective of the environmental management is to mitigate the negative environmental and social impacts, minimize environmental risks adhering to the safety rules and following all current and strategic measures intended for the health protection during the pre-construction-design phase, construction phase, and operation phase of the Project. The proposed work will have some short-term adverse impacts on the environment during the construction period. The potential impacts on the Valued Environmental Components are assessed on the basis of a review of literature, consultation with experts and professional judgment. Based on the impact analysis, mitigation measures have been developed as required to minimize or reduce the potential impacts of the Project (see Chapter 6). 7.1. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) This ‘Environmental Management Plan’ (EMP) has been developed for the construction of each major project component addressing specific activities that interact with the environment. The EMP is the prime vehicle for implementing mitigation programs, monitoring programs and other environmental protection procedures throughout the life of the project. Definition of ‘Environmental Management Plan A plan or programme that seeks to achieve a required end state and describes how activities, that have or could have an adverse impact on the environment, will be mitigated, controlled, and monitored. The EMP will address the environmental impacts during the design, construction and operational phases of a project. Due regard must be given to environmental protection during the entire project. In order to achieve this a number of environmental specifications/recommendations are made. These are aimed at ensuring that the contractor maintains adequate control over the project in order to:  Minimize the extent of impact during construction.  Ensure appropriate restoration of areas affected by construction.  Prevent long term environmental degradation. The contractor must be made aware of the environmental obligations that are stipulated in this document, and must declare himself to be conversant of all relevant environmental legislation. The contractor should also be aware that the AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan / Environmental Management Unit (EMU) and Environmental Control Official(s) (ECO) with the Supervisory Engineer (or an 7.1 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Management and Monitoring Environmental Specialist of Construction Management Firm) will monitor the implementation of the procedures. Objectives of the EMP This Environmental Management Plan (EMP) covers the principles, responsibilities and requirements applicable in order to implement effective environmental management during preconstruction, construction and operation phases of the project. The EMP has the following goals:  Identifying those construction activities that my have a detrimental impact on the environment;  Detailing the mitigation measures that will need to be taken, and the procedures for their implementation;  Establishing the reporting system to be undertaken during the construction. The EMP also serves to highlight specific requirements that will be monitored during the development and should the environmental impacts not have been satisfactory prevented or mitigated, corrective action will have to be taken. The document should, therefore, be seen as a guideline that will assist in minimizing the potential environmental impact of activities. Definition of “mitigation measures”: Mitigation seeks to find better ways of doing things, by the implementation of practical measures to reduce, limit, and eliminate adverse impacts or enhance project benefits and protect public and individual rights. The EMP also defines the arrangements that will be put in place to ensure that the mitigation measures are implemented by including recommendations of the roles and responsibilities of the project proponent, environmental management team and contractors. 7.1.1. Components of the EMP This EMP adopted a precautionary approach, or in the case of management recommendations, a philosophy of ‘best practice’. Mitigation measures may then be of a more generic nature without compromising its importance to be implemented. The EMP will outline environmental monitoring programs to be undertaken to determine the actual environmental effects of the project. The cost estimates for the monitoring and mitigation programs have also been included. Further field studies will also be recommended where more detailed information is required in order to develop a meaningful management plan. Identified environmental impacts relate to the construction activities during the performance of the work, and should be managed through supervision of environmental aspects and use of adequate technical construction standards.  Specific valid environmental permits including condition and operations of the coarse material products (i.e, crushed, sieved and washed materials for concrete and asphalt works), proper storage and application of materials, and implementation of air pollution monitoring through constant emission testing are required during performance of works. Contractor(s) shall be responsible to provide the copies of certificates. These certificates will be kept on file at the AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan.  Construction related waste materials; Technical specifications shall require the collection and containment of all waste materials in specific landfills. The Contractor shall be required to conform to the environmental regulations and practice relating to proper disposal. The identification of the disposal site to be used and the appropriate quantities for each site shall be included as part of the reporting documentation. 7.2 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Management and Monitoring  Increased pollution loads into the surface water; Water pollution may be caused by contamination of the surface waters (e.g. rivers) by accidental spills, pollution of the rivers with organic materials used as migrating corrosion inhibitors and water repellant agents. Short-term impact from noise, dust, and traffic diversions during the execution of the work is inevitable. Additional dust pollution and noise in the Project corridor will be generated by machinery performing transportation of waste materials, excavation works on the pipe line route, construction water and wastewater treatment plants, pipelaying works, and other auxiliary works. These impacts will be minimized under the Project by; o Specifying in the contracts the responsibility of contractor(s) to undertake appropriate work site mitigation actions as a part of their management of work sites, o The supervision of compliance of contractor(s) by the Supervision Engineer (or a consulting company). Mitigation measures may include use of sprinklers to wash the specific areas and suppress dust emissions during soil/materials transport; - cover vehicles to prevent spills and transport borrow materials during daytime only; - provide workers with ear plugs and helmets where necessary and generally preventing from prolonged exposure to the high noise levels, etc.  The contractor(s) should require to prepare and submit a detailed Environmental Management Plan (CEMP), including his own policies for approval of the Employer (AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan), such as; o Safety and Health Policy and Accident Prevention Plan, o Quality Assurance Policy, o Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Policy, o Environmental Policy, o Drug and Alcohol Policy, o Equal Employment Opportunities and Anti-Discrimination Policy, o Audit Policy These Policies will be displayed in prominent locations in the Project facilities. All Project personnel, including contractor employees, will be made aware of these Policies through the induction process. The EMP supports these Policies through the processes and activities described in this Plan and its associated Sub Plans. Therefore the purpose of this EMP is to draft and maintain a detailed management plan that, if put into practise, will effectively prevent/minimize environmental degradation. 7.1.2. The EMP in Context This EMP will form a part of the project tender and contract. Pre-construction and construction phase mitigation guidelines and clauses should be written into the construction contract documents as specifications. The contents of this EMP shall be deemed to be included in the rates tendered to execute and complete the works. 7.1.3. Flexibility The EMP is a dynamic and flexible document subject to review and updating. During the implementation of a project there is always the possibility that unforeseen issues could arise, this EMP should therefore be revised where necessary to mitigate unanticipated impacts. 7.3 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Management and Monitoring 7.1.4. EMP Implemetation Period The EMP will focus on and operate during the whole implementation / construction period, defects liability period and maintenance phase of the project. Review of Impact Assessment, Mitigation Measures and EMP The EMP will be reviewed during the implementation phase at the detailed design stage in line with best practice as required by WB. A check will be made at the detailed design stage that the alignment and the locations of the Project components have been designed as planned to ensure the locations are as described in the EIA. It is based on the analysis of impacts, primarily to document the key environmental issues likely to arise from project implementation, to prescribe mitigation measures to be integrated in the contract documentation, project design, to design monitoring and evaluation schedules to be implemented during project construction and operation, and to estimate costs required for implementing mitigation measures. This Environmental Management Plan establishes objectives and targets for environmental aspects. This EMP should be reviewed annually and submitted to the MENR of Azerbaijan and World Bank by AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan and its PIU. Progress on the achievement of the plan should also be reported in Azerbaijan’s annual public Environment, Health, Safety and Community report by MENR of Azerbaijan. Preliminary Design The line alignment and location of the components of the project and construction are critical in determining the environmental impacts. There are also a number of other matters that will require detailed designs that Contractor’s design engineers will prepare, and it is assumed that the detailed designs will avoid construction impacts by a comprehensive design and minimize operational environmental pollution impacts as far as practicable. The preliminary design shall be disclosed by PIU/EMU of AWM OJSC to the MENR of Azerbaijan, and Ministry of Health (MOH) of Azerbaijan, and public consultations shall be conducted based on the preliminary designs. The environmental clearances which will be required by MENR and MOH of Azerbaijan shall be identified (in principle) subject to confirmation at the Detailed Design Phase. It is common for the alignment of water mains/sewage collectors and for the locations of other system compenents of the project to undergo some or fine tuning during the detailed design phase. The final alignments and locations shall be disclosed to AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan, MENR, and MOH of Azerbaijan at the detailed design stage and the EMP must be reviewed. Detailed Design During the detailed design phase and in preparation for the construction phase, the Construction Management Firm (CMF) shall prepare the tender documents to make sure that future Contractor(s)’ Design Team (CDT) shall be prepared and primed to cooperate with the implementing agency, project management, supervising consultants and local population in the mitigation of environmental impacts. In order to introduce this process as early as possible in the Project, the contractor shall be required to submit his Method Statement and Schedule of environmental mitigation measures in response to EMP. The CDT in cooperation with the PIU/EMU of AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan shall provide in the work statements that will also include but not necessarily limited to the followings: 7.4 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Management and Monitoring 1. Minimize acquisition of agricultural land for temporary facilities (if needed) by selecting preferred locations in detailed designs for construction yards and asphalt plant on barren or marginal land and agree terms with local community. 2. Potential solution spaces will be identified in advance by the CDT and approved by AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan/EMU in consultation with the local community to ensure sufficient storage and disposal space for cut surface materials and to avoid fly-tipping. 3. Include plans in detailed designs and programming that avoid community severance and minimize disturbance of pedestrians and vehicular traffic during construction. Detailed designs shall also retain passageways along all footpaths, tracks and access ways near the project during the construction. 4. Designs shall require hydrological and drainage impacts during construction to be minimize by early phasing of replacement of culverts and other infrastructure. These plans and designs shall be included for in contracts. 5. Extensions and improvements to drainage culverts that fall under embankments of the project shall be designed to account for increased runoff from rain due to climate change and included in detailed designs. 6. Avoid disruption to and retain or re-provision current facilities for irrigation before construction works commence; the provisions is made to preserve the operation of current facilities for irrigation in sufficient quantity in agreement with the local community. 7. Aim to provide some enhancements in line with WB guideline on environmentally responsible procurement and avoid negative impacts due to unnecessary removing of trees. 8. All Water Utility Facilities no intended for private ownership and maintenance shall be located in dedicated public Right of Way (RoW) or in a waterline easement dedicated to Rayon Public Utility Departments (RPUDs) under directions of AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan. The EMP must be reviewed in the inception phase by the project management when the detailed designs are complete. The EMP will be approved by PIU of AWM OJSC and EMU before any construction activity is initiated to take account of any changes and fine tuning of the design proposals. Environmentally Responsible Procurement In order to comply with best international practice and WB guidelines, all new or used equipments shall not contain Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) or other hazardous or persistent polluting chemicals. Therefore, in procurement documents, it always shall be specified that transformers, transformer oil and other equipment are to be free from PCB and other petroleum fractions that may be injurious to environment or equipment. Preparing the Contractor(s) to Address the Mitigation Measures The contractor shall be primed by including the EMP and environmental assessments in the bidding and contract documentation. The contractor(s) will be informed that he will be required to produce method statements and plans in advance as required in the EMP that those are the followings, but not limited to; 1. Drainage Management Plan, (DMP) 2. Temporary Pedestrian and Traffic Management Plan, (TP-TMP) 3. Erosion Control and Temporary Drainage Plan, (EC-TDP) 4. Waste Management Plan, (WMP) 5. Noise and Dust Control Plan, (NDCP) 6. Safety Plan, SP 7.5 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Management and Monitoring 7. Material Management Plan, (MMP) Furthermore the contractor must be primed by the EMP in the contract documentation. The contracts must require full implementation of the EMP and the contractor must be ready to engage capable and trained environmental management staff to audit the effectiveness and review mitigation measures as the project proceeds. The effective implementation of the EMP should be audited as part of the loan conditions. In this regard, the AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan will also prepare resources to fulfill the requirements of the law and guidance on the environmental aspects of projects and any updated recommendations in the EMP as the mitigation measures are rolled out and updated as necessary. The method statements and plans will subsequently become part of the contract documentation. The contractor will also be required to engage capable and trained staff or site agents to take responsibility for the environmental management at the working level and to monitor and report on the effectiveness and review mitigation measures as the project proceeds. 7.1.4.1. Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) The purpose of the CEMP is to address the specific environmental requirements of the Local Planning Authority, Amelioration and Water Management Open Joint Stock Company (AWM OJSC) of Azerbaijan. The comprehensively designed CEMP describes the Contractor’s system for minimizing and managing environmental risks associated with the Project construction activities as required by the Contractor. The Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) is a stand alone document to be prepared by the Contractor. The key objectives of the CEMP are to:  Provide certainty of delivery of the prescribed environmental outcomes during all phases of the project work in the Project corridor.  Implement a system for compliance with applicable legislative and non-legislative requirements and obligations and commitments for the Project including: o Relevant Legislative Requirements; o Licences and Approvals; o Obligations and commitments from the EIA process; o Minister’s Conditions of Approval; o Regional Road and Traffic Authority (RRTA or Road Patrol) requirements including Technical Criteria; and o Non-legislative requirements and commitments (e.g. International Standard for Environmental Management Systems - ISO 14001:1996, and National/International guidelines).  Ensure that project design processes incorporate best practice environmental design and sustainability principles to minimize potential impacts of construction and operation on the environment and community.  Ensure that the construction work procedures minimize potential impacts on the environment and community.  Develop, implement and monitor measures that minimize pollution and optimize resource use. The CEMP consists of a suite of environmental planning and management instruments (e.g. Management Sub Plans, Construction Method Statements (CMS)) that will be implemented during the Project to minimize and manage environmental and community risks and impacts. The suggested scope and interaction of these documents, is described in Figure 7,1. 7.6 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Management and Monitoring Environmental Management Sub Plans The Sub Plans should identify potential impacts of each significant risk / aspect as it relates to the Project, and outlines the physical and management safeguards, mitigation measures, responsibilities and monitoring requirements to be implemented to prevent or minimise potential impacts on the environment. Various environmental management Sub Plans should be prepared to document Contractor’s management approach to significant risks or aspects of the Project. Sub plans should be developed and approved as a part of CEMP are listed below;  Dust Management Plan,  Construction Flora and Fauna Management Plan,  Construction Heritage Management Plan,  Construction Noise and Vibration Management Plan,  Construction Riparian Management Plan,  Construction Traffic Management Plan, Other sub plans outside the CEMP are listed below;  Bush Fire Management Sub Plan,  Construction Soil and Water Management Sub Plan,  Construction Waste and Reuse Management Sub Plan,  Flooding and Drainage Management Sub Plan,  Groundwater Management Sub Plan,  Hazards and Risk Management Sub Plan,  Landscape and Rehabilitation Management Sub Plan,  Spoil and Fill Management Sub Plan,  Community Communication Strategy,  Biodiversity Offset Strategy and Package,  Compliance Tracking Program,  Construction Complaints Management System,  Construction Water Management Strategy,  Threatened Species Monitoring Program,  Operational Environmental Management Plan. Project Organization and Responsibilities The contractor should demonstrate how the environmental aspects of the project will be organized in relation to the Contractor’s project team, sub-contractors, supply chain and the Employer’s Project Manager and Site Supervisor. This section may include:  Project/site office address & contact details,  Responsibilities for environment of each project stakeholder,  Project Manager and Site Supervisor,  Sub Agents,  Site Environmental Manager,  Section Environmental Representative,  Supply Chain (sub-contractors, suppliers, manufacturers, specialists etc),  Who has overall responsibility for ensuring that the provisions of the CEMP are fully implemented for the duration of the Project,  How the contractor will take responsibility for the environmental management of all works under their jurisdiction and should ensuring supply chain members are aware of their duties in relation to environmental protection. 7.7 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Management and Monitoring Responsibilities of the Environmental Manager: The contractor should highlight the responsibilities of his Environmental Manager, and should amend and supplement as required the followings;  Provision of expert support to the project team,  Co-ordination of environmental aspects of the Project,  Review of aspects and impacts and setting objectives and targets,  Liaison with environmental regulators over consent applications, permits and other specific environmental issues,  Identification of environmental training needs, including management training and toolbox talks,  Site and work inspections, audits and reviews to ensure compliance with the CEMP and to assess working practices e.g waste management,  Issue of corrective action requests,  Coordination of the investigation and response to environmental incidents and complaints,  Provide recommendations for amendment to the CEMP or working practices; coordinate updates to the CEMP. Supply Chain The contractor should provide the details of all members of the supply chain. They should demonstrate how all members of their supply chain are held responsible for ensuring that the provisions within the CEMP are relevant to their particular activities, and how they are to be successfully implemented and maintained during their work. CEMP Review and Updating The contractor should demonstrate how he intends to keep the CEMP as a ‘live’ document, capable of modification during the construction process and as circumstances dictate. He should also indicate who would regularly review, update and develop it as the scheme progresses. The contractor should also timetable regular progress reports for the client and for meetings. Meetings The contractor is required to hold monthly Site Progress Meetings during the construction. Issues relating to environmental design, mitigation and implementation in general, and implementation of the CEMP in particular, will be an agenda item at these progress meetings. Sub-Contractors and Supply Chain The contractor should demonstrate how they aim to ensure that all sub-contractors are aware of and buy into project environmental management. They should show how the selection, control and review of performance of sub-contractors are to be managed. The contractor should also ensure that all sub contractors understand the external communications strategy and maintain effective methods of communication. Training The contractor shall identify (and record attendance at) any training they propose to carry out related to environmental issues including making staff aware of ecological issues. This section may include:  Named persons responsible for environmental training, including site induction, toolbox talks, specific technical training. 7.8 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Management and Monitoring Environmental Records The contractor should demonstrate what records are to be kept as part of this environmental management process. This information should also identify where the documents are to be kept, and who will be responsible for maintaining them. This documentation should include: training, monitoring, project reviews; minutes of meetings; method statements, procedures; consents/licences etc. Figure 7,1: Suggested Scope and Interaction of CEMP 7.9 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Management and Monitoring 7.1.5. Roles and Responsibilities Supervision and monitoring are fundamental to the successful implementation of an EMP. Therefore, it is vital that monitoring of the extent to which the mitigation measures of this EMP, are adhered to by consultants and contractors, takes place. All of the issues described and discussed in this document will require monitoring, and it will be the responsibility of AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan to undertake this monitoring according to the specifications of this EMP.  To draft and implement a monitoring programme to assess compliance with the EMP.  To establish an Environmental Management Unit (EMU) during the Construction Phases (Project Initiation Period plus Pre-construction Period plus Construction Period).  To undertake the monitoring of operations during the operational phase. Any problems that are identified or encountered must be reported to AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan so that appropriate action may be taken to rectify the situation. 7.1.5.1. Institutional Strenghthening & Capacity Building The organizational structure for project management is often chosen to mitigate risk in a weak capacity environment, but it may also reflect internal incentives that focus on speed of project processing and disbursement, and perceived stigmas in low implementation performance ratings. When establishing project management arrangements, however, in all cases it is essential to maximize the use of existing staff and institutions, and integration into the country’s structures and processes. It is also important to agree on a strategy for full integration, and for phasing out any enclave units as rapidly as possible, by preparing a time-bound action plans for necessary capacity development, such as training. PIU of AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan The SNWSS Project Implementation Unit (PIU) of AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan is typically a Fully Integrated PIU, as the project implementing unit, which has taken the full responsibility and implement the project using its own structure and staff. Because in such a case when he needs an expert staff from other agencies or ministries, will have all supports of them by reassigning the expert staff to carry out project activities by releasing them from other ministry functions. PIU of AWM OJSC may be supported by limited technical assistance for specific areas that require additional skills or expertise (e.g. environmental specialist, health and safety specialist and quality control experts experienced on the World Bank financed projects). The use of technical assistance may help address the short term needs for capacity and ensure continuity during the transition period. Consultancy assistance is financed by the Project. The operational fund is set up with initial financing from the government. Environmental Management Unit (EMU) of PIU The PIU of AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan currently has few staffs and there will be a need for more human resources. A substantial amount of training shall be undertaken in order to ensure that the EMU officials are trained to understand how to apply the EMP. The training will ensure they have the resources to apply the EMP and have the capacity to evaluate the environmental requirements and contractors’ mitigation measures, and also to facilitate capacity building activities. This will work towards the development of a strengthening plan for the environmental management undertaken by EMU as the project moves from the detailed design to the construction and maintenance phases. There will be a net increase in staffing in the EMU for monitoring all stages of the project from pre- construction to commissioning, and for the first year of the operation and maintenance. An international environmental specialist should also be engaged to support the EMU at least for two years from pre-construction until the operation phase. An auditing methodologies will be established by the EMU. 7.10 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Management and Monitoring Appointment of an Environmental Control Officer(s) The position of Environmental Control Official(s) will be created to ensure that the mitigation measures and other requirements set forth in the EMP are adhered to. It was discussed and agreed that AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan will appoint the Environmental Control Official(s) (ECO) during the construction phase of the project. The ECO will be a Section Ranger. The following guidelines apply to the functions of an ECO:  The ECO should have the ability to understand the contents of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and explain it to the contractor, the site staff, the supervisors and any other relevant personnel.  The ECO would have to be on site on a regular basis, preferably daily to supervise environmental actions associated with construction activities.  The ECO should be able to understand, interpret, monitor, audit and implement the EMP. This is his most important function.  The ECO must then give feedback of the audits to PIU/EMU of AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan and Contractors. This must be in the form of a written report.  The ECO must ensure that the contractor understands what is to be done to rectify and address any problems that have arisen from the audit. Suggested Environmental Management Team for AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan An environmental management team should be constituted under the PIU of AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan in the Project implementation period. The following ‘Environmental Management Team’ composition and its budget were discussed and agreed with AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan. The team suggested in Table 7,1 and Figure 7,2 is to manage and monitor all environmental issues and to provide full control on the terms of EMP for 12 rayons of Azerbaijan; Imishli, Kurdamir, Ujar, Zardab, Lankaran, Astara, Jalilabad, Masalli, Lerik, Yardimli, Gadabay, and Dashkasan. An expat EMP manager should be employed in the pre-construction and construction period to manage the team and to create training opportunity, and thus the team would specialize on the environmental management at the end of the construction phase. Table 7,1: Suggested Environmental Management Team for AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan Staff Local Expat Project Total 1 1 2 EMP Manager (EM), head of EMU Environmental Control Official(s) –ECO 6 0 6 Section Ranger- 1 official for two rayons 3 0 3 Socio-economic Team 3 0 3 Compensation Team Env. Specialists (Healt and Safety, 3 0 3 environment, archeology) Environmental and Community 3 0 3 Officials Data Management/Clerical 2 0 2 Total 21 1 22 7.11 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Management and Monitoring Figure 7,2: Environmental Management Team Composition for AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan, 7.1.5.2. Estimated Costs for Environmental Management Estimated costs of Environmental Management for rayon Kurdamir will be as follows; Table 7,2: Summary of administrative cost estimates for EMP implementation of EMU/AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan* in 12 rayons Staffing Audit and 1 international Expert for $ 9.000,00 $ 216.000,00 1 Monitoring in EMU/ 24 months AWM OJSC 20 local specialist for 18 $ 48,000,00 $ 864.000,00 months ($ 2.400 per month per person) 2 Monitoring Activities Lab. Charges for testing LS $ 220.000,00 3 Transport 7 Vehicles for 18 months $ 7.000,00 $ 126.000,00 4 Sub-total - - $ 1.426.000,00 5 Contingency 3% $ 42,780,00 - 6 Total - - $ *1,468,780,00 Each rayon’s share of administrative costs $ 122,398.33 * This cost is for 12 rayons of Azerbaijan, it will be divided into 12 to find the each rayon’s administrative costs. 2; Lab. Charges for : testing for construction materials, water quality tests, ambient air tests, emissions measurements, and noise measurements. 3; $ 1.000 per month rental charges including daily fuel and operation cost. 7.12 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Management and Monitoring Total EMP Implementation Cost for Kurdamir Rayon Table 7,3: Summary cost estimates for EMP implementation of Kurdamir rayon 1 No tree felling and re-planting is required within the Project. $0.00 2 Compensation of loss of productivity for agricultural lots affected $0.00 from the dust impact – estimated for approx. 2150 ha. It will likely be in-kind compensation, and compensation issues will be handled in accordance with the Project Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF). 3 Hazardous Waste Disposal Facility to be constructed in Kurdamir $105.000,00 city, See Chapter 6.2.2 4 Routine monitoring and site visit expenses including allowance $60.000,00 for RPUDs and AWM OJSC/EMU local experts- for 18 months estimated 5 Awareness Workshop or training/orientation for environmental $30.000,00 specialist and short –term training for construction machinery operators-estimated 6 Share administrative costs for Kurdamir rayon $122,398.33 7 Sub-total $317,398.33 8 Contingency 3 % $9,522.95 9 Estimated Environmental Management and Monitoring implementation costs of Kurdamir rayon $326,921.28 7.1.6. Feedback to PIU and EMU of AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan Reporting to the PIU and EMU of AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan should take place during site meetings. In the case of potential “fatal flaws”/crises developing due to implementation of the project, reporting should be done immediately and the potentially adverse activities immediately halted in order that corrective action can be taken. Reporting on the status of implementation of the EMP and the results of the environmental monitoring programme must be recorded and summarised in a monthly report by the EM/ECO and submitted to the PIU of AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan. 7.1.7. Failure to comply with EMP Outlined below are a number of steps relating to increasing severity of environmental problems, which will be implemented. The principle is to keep as many issues within the first few steps as possible.  Step 1: The ECO discusses the problem with the contractor or guilty party, and they work out a solution together. The ECO records the discussion and the solution implemented, and submits to EMU (or EM).  Step 2: The ECO and Supervisory Engineer observe a more serious infringement, and notifies the guilty party in writing, with a deadline by which the problem must be rectified. All costs will be borne by the contractor.  Step 3: The ECO shall order the contractor to suspend part, or all, the works. The suspension will be enforced until such time as the offending party(ies), procedure or equipment is corrected and/or remedial measures put in place if required. No extension of time will be granted for such delays and all cost will be borne by the contractor.  Step 4: Breach of contract - One of the possible consequences of this is the removal of a contractor and/or equipment from the workplace and/or the termination of the contract, 7.13 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Management and Monitoring whether a construction contract or an employment contract. Such measures will not replace any legal proceedings that AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan may institute against the contractor. The financial compensation for nuisances is not the best international practice to accept payment for environmental impacts. It shall be noted by AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan that the approach of some contractors has been to pay money for nuisances rather than control impacts at source. If say erosion impacts are not controlled properly there could be serious environmental consequences such as landslides or runoff could cause fish kills in the rivers. Therefore, the practice of paying financial compensation for impacts should not be allowed and financial compensation will not be allowed as mitigation for environmental impacts or environmental nuisance. A schedule of costs for environmental mitigation measures (including maintenance where applicable) should be agreed with the contractor before the construction commences. The implementation of mitigation measures shall be tied to payment milestones or a performance bond for an amount agreed with the contractor and AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan shall be deposited by the contractor. The bond shall be forfeited in the event that environmental mitigation measures required in the EMP are not fully implemented. 7.2. Environmental Mitigation/Management Plan Specifically, the contract for the proposed project will include the Mitigation Plan will be attached to the Technical Specifications. This section of the report serves to prescribe mitigation measures to reduce, limit, eliminate or compensate for impacts, to ‘acceptable/insignificant’ or ‘less than significant’ or ‘less than significant with mitigation incorporated’ levels (see Chapter 6). In setting mitigation measures, the practical implications of executing these measures must be borne in mind. With early planning, both the cost and the impacts can be minimized. Enviromental aspects addressed in this EMP include; For the Pre-construction Environmental Management Plan (see Exhibit 7,1), 1. Environmentally Related Authorizations, Permits and Licenses, 2. EMP Training, 3. Contract Areas, 4. Sensitive Ecology, 5. Heritage Areas, 6. Roads, 7. Site Establishment, 8. Materials Handling, Use and Storage, 9. Water Supply, 10. Power Supply, 11. Liquid Waste, For the Construction Management Plan (see Exhibit 7,1), 1. Vehicular Access and Movement of Construction Vehicles, 2. Movement of Construction Personnel, Labors and Equipments, 3. Vegetation Clearing, 4. Protection of Fauna, 5. Heritage and / or Archeological Sites, 6. Soil Management, 7. Erosion Control, 8. Slope Protection, 9. Access Roads, 10. Excavating, Backfilling, and Trenching, 11. Levelling, 7.14 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Management and Monitoring 12. Sand Extraction, 13. Stockpiling, Handling, Storage of Building Materials, 14. Servicing and Re-fueling of Construction Equipments, 15. Solid Waste Management, 16. Hazardous Material, 17. Run-off from Construction Camp, 18. Fire, 19. Ambient Air and Dust, 20. Noise, 21. Crossing at Rivers, Streams and Wetlands 22. Visual, 23. Site Clean-up and Rehabilitation. The stipulations of this report should be conveyed to the contractors prior to the commencement of construction. 7.2.1. Pre-construction Mitigation/Management Plan The pre-construction or planning management plan is to be used as a guide during the planning, design and detailing of the development components. This part of the plan is to be referenced by all involved in decision making during the planning and design phases, and for the detailed plan see Exhibit 7,1. 7.2.2. Construction Mitigation/Management Plan The Construction Management Plan forms part of the contract documentation. The plan must be read in conjunction with the contract documents including the relevant Bill of Quantities and Specifications, and for the detailed plan see Exhibit 7,1. When carrying out the Works during the construction phase, the environmental objective is to minimize the footprint of damage, disturbance and/or nuisance (of the social and biophysical environment), to properly manage use of water resources and to prevent pollution. This is the responsibility of the Contractor. 7.2.3. Emergency Procedures Emergency services will be informed of the location and nature of the works and the nature of potentially hazardous materials encountered at the site during the demolition and recycling works. Emergency procedures on site will cover actions to be taken if a catastrophic event occurs. Catastrophic events may include but not be limited to:  Oil or other contamination spillage,  Collapse or potential collapse of a structure,  Fire and explosion,  Failure of any control structures,  Industrial accident. In order to ensure that the environmental impact of catastrophic events is minimized, emergency procedures are to be followed. These include:  The first priority is the safety of any persons either workers or others involved in the events. Whatever reasonable actions necessary to protect safety will be taken. The site Occupational Health and Safety Plan will outline actions to be taken in relation to safety of persons, if these circumstances eventuate.  The second priority is to quickly minimize the environmental damage. All emergency action should take place as soon as possible after the event. Actions to be taken may include: 7.15 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Management and Monitoring o The containment of any pollution by booms, silt fences or other means. Supplies of silt fences are to be kept on-site. o The temporary re-establishment of the control structure. o The taking of appropriate samples to assess the extent of the problem. In the event of an emergency situation arising, the Constructor’s PM and/or the ECO or their representative(s) will be contacted immediately after all persons are accounted for and all possible immediate actions to control the pollution have been taken. Emergency Procedures – off site vehicle accidents The Contractor is to use subcontractors and vehicles appropriately licensed for carrying the designated waste streams. The Contractor is to ensure that the subcontractor has an incident management plan in place and that the drivers are aware of the materials that they are carrying. Emergency procedures will cover actions to be taken in the case of an accident or spill event occurring. In order to ensure that the environmental impact of such an event is minimized, emergency procedures are to be followed. These include:  The first priority is the safety of any persons either workers or others involved in the events. Whatever reasonable actions necessary to protect safety will be taken,  Contact the City’s Fire Department and inform them of the event and chemicals/materials of concern. Depending on the event the Hazmat Response Unit may be requested to attend. The firefighters attached to this unit will be able to provide expert advice and have the expertise to operate specialised hazmat equipment,  The second priority is to quickly minimize the environmental damage. All emergency action should take place as soon as possible after the event. Actions to be taken would be directed by the Hazmat Response Unit and would likely include the containment of any pollution by booms and/or foam. 7.3. Environmental Monitoring and Supervision Construction Phase Specifically, the contract for the proposed project will include the Monitoring Plan will be attached to the Technical Specifications. The Employer (AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan) with its authorized environmentally sub-sections (EMU/ECO), and the Supervisory Engineer (or Environmental Specialist of CMF) will monitor the implementation of the EMP during the construction period and Defects Liability Period (DLP). Overall potential environmental and safety impacts are readily avoidable and can be easily mitigated by adopting good engineering practices. The Employer will ensure that the contract document include the relevant environmental protection clauses. The Contractor that will perform the works will also follow the requirements of the current Azerbaijan construction and environmental regulations. Compliance with the Azerbaijan regulations and the terms of the EMP will be monitored and verified in the monthly reports submitted to the AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan by EMU/ECO and the Supervisory Engineer, based on consultations with the Contractor and site visits. The Supervisory Engineer will also look into any new critical issues that may come up during the construction works and suggest actions for various agencies. All environmental measures will be monitored and enforced, together with health and safety measures (accident prevention, etc.) applied by the contractor for his workforce to cover all aspects of rehabilitation works, including control of pollution and wastes at work sites and camps. 7.16 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Management and Monitoring Various types of monitoring activity are currently in practice, and each has some degree of relevance to the EIA study. The main types are briefly described below:  Baseline Monitoring: A survey should be conducted on basic environmental parameters in the area surrounding the proposed project before construction begins (pre-audit study). Subsequent monitoring can assess the changes in those parameters over time against the baseline.  Impact Monitoring: The biophysical and socio-economical (including public health) parameters within the project area must be measured during the project construction and operational phases in order to detect environmental changes, which may have occurred as a result of project implementation.  Compliance Monitoring: This form of monitoring employs a periodic sampling method, or continuous recording of specific environmental quality indicators or pollution levels to ensure project compliance with recommended environmental protection standards. Monitoring should be regular and performed over a long period of duration. Interruptions in monitoring may result in generating insufficient data to draw accurate conclusion concerning project impact. Operation Phase Monitoring and audit of the WSS facilities will be performed by the ‘Joint SuKanal LLC’ (JSK LLC - subsidiary of AzerSu) through the Rayon SuKanal Departments (RSKD) during the operation period. All WSS facilities will be handed over to JSK LLC once the Project is completed (after the end of the Defects Liability Period), and will be operated by RSKD representing JSK LLC. On account of this situation, the RSKD will be responsible for the monitoring and audit activities of the WSS facilities in rayon. However, there is no environmental official in the body of RSKD. It should be noted that an environmental official experienced on the WSS facilities, water and wastewater quality, and treatment technologies, needs to be appointed to the RSKD for the duration of the operation period. 7.3.1. Environmental Monitoring and Audit The objectives of carrying out Environmental Monitoring and Audit for the Project include the following:  Providing a database against which any short or long term environmental impacts of the project can be determined.  Providing an early indication should any of the environmental control measures or practices fail to achieve the acceptable standards.  Monitoring the performance of the Project and the effectiveness of mitigation measures.  Verifying the environmental impacts predicted in the EIA Study.  Determining project compliance with regulatory requirements, standards and government policies.  Taking remedial action if unexpected problems or unacceptable impacts arise.  Providing data to enable an environmental audit.  Providing real-time reporting of monitoring data through a dedicated internet website. Moitoring and Audit in this Project should be developed in two consequent phases, and those are Construction Phase and Operation Phase. 7.3.2. Environmental Monitoring and Audit Requirements The predicted monitoring requirements in the construction phase and operatin phase are given in Exhibit 7,2. 7.17 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Management and Monitoring Institutional factors determining the effectiveness of monitoring should not be underestimated. There needs to be a firm institutional commitment by the agencies and/or ministeral departments responsible for the monitoring process, particularly in regard to the following:  Willingness on the part of the institutions involved and organizational personnel to support the monitoring process with the necessary level of resources and authority,  Maintaining continuity in the monitoring programme,  Technical capabilities of the personnel involved must be developed,  Integrity or honesty of the process must be maintained,  Decisions must be taken based on a thorough review of results,  Monitoring information must be made available to all agencies and departments concerned,  Necessary institutional reforms need to be made within the planning and implementation agencies. 7.3.3. Reporting The Environmental Monitoring and Audit reporting shall be carried out in paper based plus electronic submission upon agreeing the format with the MENR of Azerbaijan. All the monitoring data (baseline and impact) shall also be submitted in CD-ROM. Types of reports that the EM should prepare and submit include baseline monitoring report, monthly Environmental Monitoring and Audit report, quarterly Environmental Monitoring and Audit report summary report and final Environmental Monitoring and Audit report review report. A copy of the monthly, quarterly summary and final review Environmental Monitoring and Audit reports should be made available to the PIU of AWM OJSC and World Bank. Baseline Monitoring Report The EM should prepare and submit a Baseline Environmental Monitoring Report within 10 working days of completion of the baseline monitoring. Copies of the Baseline Environmental Monitoring Report should be submitted to the Contractor, the PIU of AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan, the MENR of Azerbaijan, MOH of Azerbaijan. The EM should liaise with the relevant parties on the exact number of copies they require. The report format and baseline monitoring data format should be agreed with the MENR prior to submission. The baseline monitoring report should include at least the followings:  Up to half a page executive summary,  Brief project background information,  Drawings showing locations of the baseline monitoring stations,  Monitoring results (in both hard and soft copies) together with the following information: o Monitoring methodology, o Types of equipment used and calibration details, o Parameters monitored, o Monitoring locations, o Monitoring date, time, frequency and duration; and o Quality assurance (QA) / quality control (QC) results and detection limits.  Details of influencing factors, including: o Major activities, if any, being carried out on the site during the period, o Weather conditions during the period, and o Other factors which might affect results. 7.18 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Management and Monitoring  Determination of the action and limit levels for each monitoring parameter and statistical analysis of the baseline data, the analysis should conclude if there is any significant difference between control and impact stations for the parameters monitored,  Revisions for inclusion in the Environmental Monitoring and Audit report prepared by EM, and  Comments, recommendations and conclusions. Monthly Environmental Monitoring and Audit Report The results and findings of all Environmental Monitoring and Audit work required in the Manual prepared by EM should be recorded in the monthly Environmental Monitoring and Audit reports. The Environmental Monitoring and Audit report should be prepared and submitted within 10 working days of the end of each reporting month, with the first report due the month after construction commences. Each monthly Environmental Monitoring and Audit report should be submitted to the following parties: the Contractor, the PIU of AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan, the MENR of Azerbaijan and the World Bank. Before submission of the first Environmental Monitoring and Audit report, the EM should liaise with the parties on the required number of copies and format of the monthly reports in both hard copy and electronic medium. The EM should review the number and location of monitoring stations and parameters every six months, or on as needed basis, in order to cater for any changes in the surrounding environment and the nature of works in progress. The monthly Environmental Monitoring and Audit report should include at least the following:  Executive summary (1-2 pages): o Breaches of Action and Limit levels, o Complaint log, o Notifications of any summons and successful prosecutions, o Reporting changes, and o Future key issues.  Basic project information: o Project organisation including key personnel contact names and telephone numbers, o Construction programme, o Management structure, and o Works undertaken during the month,  Environmental status: o Works undertaken during the month with illustrations (such as location of works), and o Drawings showing the project area, and any environmental sensitive receivers and the locations of the monitoring and control stations (with co-ordinates of the monitoring locations),  A brief summary of Environmental Monitoring and Audit requirements including: o All monitoring parameters, o Environmental quality performance limits (Action and Limit levels), o Event-Action Plans, o Environmental mitigation measures, as recommended in the project EIA Final Report, and o Environmental requirements in contract documents, 7.19 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Management and Monitoring  Implementation status: o Advice on the implementation status of environmental protection and pollution control / mitigation measures, as recommended in the project EIA Final Report,  Monitoring results (in both hard and soft copies) together with the following information: o Monitoring methodology, o Name of types of equipment used and calibration details, o Parameters monitored, o Monitoring locations, o Monitoring date, time, frequency, and duration, o Weather conditions during the period, o Any other factors which might affect the monitoring results, and o QA/QC results and detection limits,  Report on non-compliance, complaints, and notifications of summons and successful prosecutions: o Record of all non-compliance (exceedances) of the environmental quality performance limits (Action and Limit levels), o Record of all complaints received (written or verbal) for each media, including locations and nature of complaints investigation, liaison and consultation undertaken, actions and follow-up procedures taken, results and summary, o Record of all notification of summons and successful prosecutions for breaches of current environmental protection / pollution control legislation, including locations and nature of the breaches, investigation, follow-up actions taken, results and summary, o Review of the reasons for and the implications of non-compliance, complaints, summons and prosecutions including review of pollution sources and working procedures, and o Description of the actions taken in the event of non-compliance and deficiency reporting and any follow-up procedures related to earlier non-compliance,  Others: o An account of the future key issues as reviewed from the works programme and work method statements, o Advice on the solid and liquid waste management status, and o Comments (for examples, effectiveness and efficiency of the mitigation measures), recommendations (for example, any improvement in the Environmental Monitoring and Audit programme) and conclusions.  Annex: o Action and limit levels, o Graphical plots of trends of monitored parameters at key stations over the past four reporting periods for representative monitoring stations annotated against the following:  Major activities being carried out on site during the period,  Weather conditions during the period, and  Any other factors that might affect the monitoring results. o Monitoring schedule for the present and next reporting period, o Cumulative statistics on complaints, notifications of summons and successful prosecutions, and o Outstanding issues and deficiencies. 7.20 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Management and Monitoring Quarterly Environmental Monitoring and Audit Summary Report A quarterly Environmental Monitoring and Audit summary report of around five pages should be produced and should contain at least the following information.  Up to half a page executive summary,  Basic project information including a synopsis of the project organisation, programme, contacts of key management, and a synopsis of works undertaken during the quarter,  A brief summary of Environmental Monitoring and Audit requirements including: o Monitoring parameters, o Environmental quality performance limits (action and limit levels), and o Environmental mitigation measures, as recommended in the project EIA Final Report,  Advice on the implementation status of environmental protection and pollution control / mitigation measures, as recommended in the project EIA Final Report, summarised in the updated implementation Schedule,  Drawings showing the project area, and any environmental sensitive receivers and the locations of the monitoring and control stations,  Graphical plots of any trends in monitored parameters over the past four months (the last month of the previous quarter and the present quarter) for representative monitoring stations annotated against: o The major activities being carried out on site during the period, o Weather conditions during the period, and o Any other factors which might affect the monitoring results,  Advice on the solid and liquid waste management status,  A summary of non-compliance (exceedances) of the environmental quality performance limits (action and limit levels),  A brief review of the reasons for and the implications of any noncompliance, including a review of pollution sources and working procedures,  A summary description of actions taken in the event of non-compliance and any follow-up procedures related to any earlier non-compliance,  A summarised record of all complaints received (written or verbal) for each media, liaison and consultation undertaken, actions and follow-up procedures taken,  Comments (for examples, a review of the effectiveness and efficiency of the mitigation measures); recommendations (for example, any improvement in the Environmental Monitoring and Audit programme) and conclusions for the quarter, and  Proponents’ contacts and any hotline telephone number for the public to make enquiries. Final Environmental Monitoring and Audit Review Report The final Environmental Monitoring and Audit report should include, inter alia, the following information:  An executive summary, 7.21 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Management and Monitoring  Drawings showing the project area, and any environmental sensitive receivers and the locations of the monitoring and control stations,  Basic project information including a synopsis of the project organisation, contacts of key management, and a synopsis of work undertaken during the entire construction period,  A brief summary of Environmental Monitoring and Audit requirements including: o Monitoring parameters, o Environmental quality performance limits (action and limit levels), and o Environmental mitigation measures, as recommended in the project EIA Final Report, o Event-Action Plans.  A summary of the implementation status of environmental protection and pollution control/mitigation measures, as recommended in the project EIA Report, summarised in the updated implementation Schedule,  Graphical plots of the trends of monitored parameters over the construction period for representative monitoring stations, including the post-project monitoring annotated against: o The major activities being carried out on site during the period, o Weather conditions during the period, and o Any other factors which might affect the monitoring results.  A summary of non-compliance (exceedances) of the environmental quality performance limits (action and limit levels),  A brief review of the reasons for and the implications of non-compliance including review of pollution sources and working procedures as appropriate,  A summary description of the actions taken in the event of noncompliance and any follow-up procedures related to earlier noncompliance,  A summary record of all complaints received (written or verbal) for each media, liaison and consultation undertaken, actions and follow-up procedures taken,  A summary record of notifications of summons and successful prosecutions for breaches of the current environmental protection/pollution control legislations, locations and nature of the breaches, investigation, follow-up actions taken and results,  A review of the validity of EIA predictions and identification of shortcomings in EIA recommendations, and  Comments (for examples, a review of the effectiveness and efficiency of the mitigation measures and of the performance of the environmental management system, that is, of the overall Environmental Monitoring and Audit programme),  Recommendations and conclusions (for example, a review of success of the overall Environmental Monitoring and Audit programme to cost-effectively identify deterioration and to initiate prompt effective mitigation action when necessary). Data Keeping No site-based documents (such as monitoring field records, laboratory analysis records, site inspection forms, etc.) are required to be included in the monthly Environmental Monitoring and Audit reports. However, any such document should be well kept by the EM and be ready for inspection upon request. All relevant information should be clearly and systematically recorded in the document. 7.22 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Management and Monitoring Monitoring data should also be recorded in magnetic media form, and the software copy must be available upon request. Data format should be agreed with MENR of Azerbaijan. All documents and data should be kept for at least one year following completion of the construction contract. Interim Notifications of Environmental Quality Limit Exceedances With reference to the Event and Action Plan, when the environmental quality performance limits are exceeded, the EM should immediately notify the AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan and MENR of Azerbaijan, as appropriate. The notification should be followed up with advice to AWM OJSC and MENR on the results of the investigation, proposed actions and success of the actions taken, with any necessary follow-up proposals. 7.3.4. Site Enviromental Audit and Environmental Complaints Site Inspection Site inspection provides a direct means to initiate and enforce specified environmental protection and pollution control measures. These should be undertaken routinely to inspect construction activities in order to ensure that appropriate environmental protection and pollution control mitigation measures are properly implemented. The site inspection is one of the most effective tools to enforce the environmental protection requirements at the works area. The Environmental Manager (EM) of EMU of AWM OJSC should be responsible for formulating the environmental site inspection, the deficiency and action reporting system, and for carrying out the site inspection works. He/she should submit a proposal for site inspection and deficiency and action reporting procedures to the Contractor for agreement, and to the AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan for approval. Regular site inspections should be carried out at least once per week. The areas of inspection should not be limited to the environmental situation, pollution control and mitigation measures within the site, the site inspections should also review the environmental situation outside the works area which is likely to be affected, directly or indirectly, by the site activities. The EM should make reference to the following information in conducting the inspection: 1. The EIA and EMP recommendations on environmental protection and pollution control mitigation measures (including dust control measures and good site practice measures for ecological impact), 2. Ongoing results of the Environmental Monitoring and Audit programme, 3. Work progress and programme, 4. Individual work methodology proposals (which shall include proposal on associated pollution control measures), 5. Contract specifications on environmental protection, 6. Relevant environmental protection and pollution control laws, 7. Previous site inspection results undertaken by the EM and others. The Contractor should keep the EM updated with all relevant information on the construction contract necessary for him/her to carry out the site inspections. Inspection results and associated recommendations for improvements to the environmental protection and pollution control works should be submitted to the AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan and the Contractor within 24 hours for reference and for taking immediate action. The Contractor should follow the procedures and time-frame as stipulated in the deficiency and action reporting system formulated by the EM to report on any remedial measures subsequent to the site inspections. The EM should also carry out ad hoc site inspections if significant environmental problems are identified. Inspections may also be required subsequent to receipt of environmental complaint, or as part of the investigation work for environmental monitoring and audit. 7.23 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Management and Monitoring Compliance with Legal and Contractual Requirements There are contractual environmental protection and pollution control requirements as well as environmental protection and pollution control laws in Azerbaijan with which construction activities must comply. In order to ensure that the works are undertaken in compliance with the contractual requirements on environmental aspects, all works method statements submitted by the Contractor to the ECO for approval should be sent to the EM for vetting to see whether sufficient environmental protection and pollution control measures have been included. The implementation schedule of mitigation measures is summarised in Chapter 7,2. The EM should also review the progress and programme of the works to check that relevant environmental laws have not been violated, and that any foreseeable potential for violating laws could be prevented. The Contractor should regularly copy relevant documents to the EM so that works checking could be carried out. The document should at least include the updated Works Progress Reports, updated Works Programme, any application letters for different licence/permits under the environmental protection laws, and copies of all valid licences/ permits, and the site diary should be available for the EM's inspection upon his/her request. After reviewing the documentation, the EM should advise the AWM OJSC and the Contractor of any non-compliance with contractual and legislative requirements on environmental protection and pollution control for them to take follow-up actions. If the EM's review concludes that the current status on licence/permit application and any environmental protection and pollution control preparation works may result in potential violation of environmental protection and pollution control requirements, he/she should also advise the Contractor and the ECO accordingly. Upon receipt of the advice, the Contractor should undertake immediate action to correct the situation. The ECO should follow up to ensure that appropriate action has been taken to satisfy contractual and legal requirements. Environmental Complaints Complaints should be referred to the EM for action. The EM should undertake the following procedures upon receipt of any complaint: 1. Log complaint and date of receipt onto the complaint database and inform the AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan immediately, 2. Investigate the complaint to determine its validity, and assess whether the source of the problem is due to works activities, 3. Identify mitigation measures in consultation with the AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan if a complaint is valid and due to Works, 4. Advise the Contractor if mitigation measures are required, 5. Review the Contractor's response on the identified mitigation measure(s) and the updated situation, 6. If the complaint is transferred from the EMU, submit interim report to the EMU on status of the complaint investigation and follow-up action within the time frame assigned by the EMU, 7. Undertake additional monitoring and audit to verify the situation if necessary, and review that circumstances leading to the complaint do not recur, 8. Report investigation results and subsequent actions to complainant (if the source of complaint is EMU, the results should be reported within the timeframe assigned by the EMU), 9. Record the complaint, investigation, the subsequent actions and the results in the monthly Environmental Monitoring and Audit reports. A complaint assessment and recording criteria is suggested in Figure 7,3. 7.24 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Management and Monitoring Figure 7,3: Complaint Assessment Criteria 7.3.5. Monitoring Form A list of environmental issues addressed in the EMP is drawn up. A tick box monitoring form is compiled which makes provision for compliance or non-compliance to the EMP requirements for each environmental issue. This monitoring form makes room for a brief description of the non-compliance(s). The issues identified on the monitoring form must be discussed in detail with the contractor and the EM. A reasonable date of completion of the remedial action must be jointly agreed upon, between the contractor, ECO and EM. This monitoring form must be signed by all parties and a copy be provided to the EM and Suprvisory Engineer. The following Monitoring Form ( Table 7,4 sample form) may serve as an example or point of departure. 7.25 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Environmental Management and Monitoring Table 7,4: Sample form for Environmental Monitoring Checklist Name : Ref : Date : Project : ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING CHECKLIST (NC = Noncompliance, C = Compliance, NA = Non Applicable) Item Rating Item Rating Vehicular access and Stockpiling, handling and 1. movement of construction 13. storage of building materials vehicles Movement of construction Servicing and re-fuelling of 2. personnel, labors and 14. construction equipment equipments 3. Vegetation clearing 15. Solid waste management 4. Protection of fauna 16. Hazardous materials Cultural and/or Run-off from construction 5. 17. archaeological sites camps 6. Soil management 18. Fire 7. Erosion control 19. Ambient Air and Dust 8. Slope protection 20. Noise Crossing at Rivers, Streams, 9. Access roads 21. and Wetland Excavation, backfilling 10. 22. Visual and trenching 11. Levelling 23 Site clean-up and rehabilitation 12. Sand extraction A Others Remedial Action on Non-compliance: (Action and Time Plan) Close out: Response required by: Environmental Control Official (ECO) Contractor (Name and Signature) (Name and Signature) Date Date Comments Records EMP Manager (EM) Contractor’s PM Supervisory Engineer 7.26 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Exhibit 7,1, Environmental Mitigation / Management Plan     EXHIBIT 7,1 Environmental Mitigation / Management Plan Institutional Phase Issue Mitigation / Management Cost Note responsibility   The Supervisory Engineer, EMU and ECO on behalf of AWM OJSC of EMU/ECO of AWM Official fees will be included Pre-construction 1. Environmentally  Azerbaijan, is to ensure that the following has been obtained before the activity OJSC, Supervisory into the Project Costs Phase Related  commences: Engineer Authorizations,     Approval from The Government of Azerbaijan, Permits  and   Approval from MENR of Azerbaijan for borrow pits and quarries, and blasting, Licenses   Approval from MENR and AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan for raw water exploitation and river crossings,  A permit from MENR of Azerbaijan should specially protected indigenous plants be affected by construction,  Approval from MoH of Azerbaijan for likely hazards on the public health,  The Supervisory Engineer and EMU/ECO must ensure that the necessary liaison with landowners, land users, community leaders, service providers and other affected parties has taken place prior to construction and where required, the relevant consent obtained.   The Contractor shall arrange for Environmental and Heritage Awareness Training EMU/ECO of AWM Contractor’s own expense 2. EMP Training programmes for the personnel on site, to the satisfaction of the AWM OJSC and OJSC, Supervisory ECO, and familiarize his employees with the contents of this EMP, either in Engineer, and written format or verbally. Contractor(s) The ECO must indicate/point out to contractors the areas that they will have in EMU/ECO of AWM Site visits and monitoring 3. Contract Areas their possession for the duration of the contract (this shall include access roads to OJSC, Supervisory expenses of EMU/ECO are be used, construction lay-down areas, materials storage and delivery Engineer, included into the EMP requirements, contractors’ offices, operational demarcation etc.). Aspects and Contractor(s) implementation costs of the pertaining to temporary housing for persons involved in the project shall also be Project, see Chapter 7, Table included. A material delivery and storage area should be demarcated. The facility 7,2 and 7,3. must be planned and laid out in such as way that the total footprint area is minimized. [1]  Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK   SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Exhibit 7,1, Environmental Mitigation / Management Plan     Prior to the commencement of construction, the proposed site/s and roads, must EMU/ECO/AWM Site visit and monitoring 4. Sensitive Ecology be inspected by AWM OJSC Scientific Services (where necessary, AWM OJSC OJSC, Supervisory expenses of EMU/ECO are can take helps from the Science Departments of well known Universities in Engineer, included into the EMP Azerbaijan), in order to: and Contractor(s) implementation costs of the Project, see Chapter 7, Table  Confirm the absence of Red Data Book Species; 7,2 and 7,3.  Relocate, demarcate or recommend conservation / preservation measures for any identified ecologically “sensitive” and/or protected species and areas, and Point out and/or demarcate all ecologically “sensitive” areas to the contractors (e.g. red data habitats & species, rivers, streams, drainage lines, wetlands, sensitive soils, steep slopes and areas susceptible to erosion). In known archaeological sensitive areas, Ministry of National Heritage and EMU/ECO/AWM As there is no relocation, no 5. Heritage Areas Cultural Resources must inspect all above-mentioned contract areas, in order to: OJSC, Supervisory costs occur. Engineer,  Confirm the absence of archaeological sites and/or artifacts; and Contractor(s) Site visit and monitoring  Relocate, demarcate or recommend further conservation / preservation expenses of EMU/ECO are actions and measures for any identified archaeologically “sensitive” included into the EMP area and/or artifacts prior to the commencing of any work at these implementation costs of the sites, and Project, see Chapter 7, Table  Point out and/or demarcate all archaeologically “sensitive” areas to the 7,2 and 7,3. contractor. Point out and/or demarcate all architectural memorial “sensitive” areas to the contractor. 6. Roads  The final alignment of the access routes and internal camp roads shall EMU/ECO of AWM Site visit and monitoring be planned in conjunction with the PIU of AWM OJSC, Rayon’s Road OJSC, RRPD, expenses of EMU/ECO are Patrol Department (RRPD), and ECO and once finalized only the Supervisory included into the EMP agreed roads must be used. Engineer, implementation costs of the and Contractor(s) Project, see Chapter 7, Table  Roads must be planned to deviate around significant trees and Red 7,2 and 7,3. Data Species marked out in an approved manner by the ECO. Construction camps and staff accommodation facilities on the site will be required ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. 7. Site Establishment to be established in appropriate locations prior to the commencement of Engineer, construction, preferably within already disturbed areas. After completion of the and Contractor(s) contract, these areas will be required to be rehabilitated. [2]  Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK   SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Exhibit 7,1, Environmental Mitigation / Management Plan     Site visit and monitoring expenses of EMU/ECO are  Site Plan: Before construction can begin, the Contractor shall submit Contractor(s) included into the EMP a site layout plan to the ECO for approval, including: implementation costs of the Project, see Chapter 7, Table - Site access (including entry and exit points). 7,2 and 7,3. - All material and equipment storage areas (including storage areas for hazardous substances such as fuel and chemicals). - Construction offices and other structures. - Security requirements (including temporary and permanent fencing, and lighting) and accommodation areas for security staff. - Solid waste collection facilities and waste treatment facilities for litter, kitchen refuse, sewage and workshop-derived effluents. - Storm water control measures. - Provision of potable water and temporary ablution facilities. - Only designated areas may be used for the storage of materials, machinery, equipment and site offices. The site offices should not be sited in close proximity to steep areas, as this will increase soil erosion. Preferred locations would be disturbed areas along routes. Offices (and in particular the ablution facilities, aggregate stockpiles, spoil areas and hazardous material stockpiles) must be located as far away as possible from any watercourse. Regardless of the chosen site, the Contractor’s intended mitigation measures shall be indicated on the plan.  Throughout the period of construction, the contractor shall restrict all ECO, Supervisory activities to within the designated areas on the construction layout plan. Engineer, Any relaxation or modification of the construction layout plan is to be and Contractor(s) approved by the ECO.  Site Camps: The following restrictions or constraints should be ECO, Supervisory placed on the site camp, and construction staff in general: Engineer, and Contractor(s) - The use of rivers and streams for washing of clothes. - The use of welding equipment, oxy-acetylene torches and other bare flames where veld fires constitute a hazard. - Indiscriminate disposal of rubbish or construction wastes or rubble. - Littering of the site. [3]  Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK   SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Exhibit 7,1, Environmental Mitigation / Management Plan     - Spillage of potential pollutants, such as petroleum products. - Collection of firewood. - Poaching of any description. - Use of surrounding veld as toilets. - Burning of wastes and cleared vegetation.  Vegetation clearing: The natural vegetation encountered on the ECO, Supervisory site is to be conserved and left as intact as possible. Only trees and Engineer, shrubs directly affected by the works, and such others as may be and Contractor(s) approved by the ECO in writing, may be felled or cleared and replanted. A firebreak shall be cleared and maintained around the perimeter of the site camp/s and office sites where necessary.  Water for human consumption: Water for human consumption ECO, Supervisory should be available at the site offices and at other convenient locations Engineer, on site. and Contractor(s)  Sewage Treatment: Sanitary arrangements should be to the ECO, Supervisory satisfaction of the ECO. In no other ablution facilities are available, Engineer, chemical toilets must be supplied (1 per 15 persons) and must be and Contractor(s) regularly cleaned and maintained by the contractor. The positioning of the chemical toilets is to be done in consultation with the ECO. The Contractor should arrange for regular emptying of toilets and will be entirely responsible for enforcing their use and for maintaining such latrines in a clean, orderly and sanitary condition to the satisfaction of the ECO. If necessary, the ablution facilities must be screened from the public view. In remote areas, where chemical toilets may not be a viable option, agreement must be reached on alternatives before construction starts.  Cooking Fuel: The Contractor shall provide adequate facilities for his ECO, Supervisory staff so that they are not encouraged to supplement their comforts on Engineer, site by accessing what can be taken from the natural surroundings. and Contractor(s) Collection of firewood is not permitted.  Heating Requirement on the Camp Site:The contractor shall ECO, Supervisory provide A/C units (heat-pump) for his camp facilities to warm up, any Engineer, other fuel type shall not be allowed on the camp site facilities. and Contractor(s) [4]  Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK   SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Exhibit 7,1, Environmental Mitigation / Management Plan      Waste Management: Solid waste shall be stored in an appointed ECO/RPUD, area within the camp site in covered drums for collection and disposal. Supervisory Disposal of solid waste shall be at an approved landfill site; this must Engineer, be agreed to with the ECO. During the construction period, the facilities and Contractor(s) shall be maintained in a neat and tidy condition, and the site is to be kept free of litter. At all places of work, the Contractor shall provide litter collection facilities for later safe disposal at approved waste disposal sites. 8. Materials Handling,  The Contractor’s management and maintenance of his plant and ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. machinery will be strictly monitored according to the criteria given Engineer, Use and Storage below, regardless of whether it is serviced on the site (i.e. at the place and Contractor(s) of construction activity or at a formalized workshop) or not. Site visit and monitoring  Safety: All the necessary handling and safety equipment required for ECO, Supervisory expenses of EMU/ECO are the safe use of petrochemicals and oils shall be provided by the Engineer, included into the EMP Contractor to, and used or worn by the staff whose duty it is to manage and Contractor(s) implementation costs of the and maintain the Contractor’s and his subcontractor’s and supplier’s Project, see Chapter 7, Table plant, machinery and equipment. Contractor must comply with the 7,2 and 7,3. Occupational Health and Safety Act of Azerbaijan and Construction Regulations.  Hazardous Material Storage: Petrochemicals, oils and identified ECO, Supervisory hazardous substances shall only be stored under controlled conditions. Engineer, All hazardous materials will be stored in a secured, appointed area that and Contractor(s) is fenced and has restricted entry. Storage of hazardous products shall only take place using suitable containers approved by the ECO. In addition, hazard signs indicating the nature of the stored materials shall be displayed on the storage facility or containment structure.  Fuels and Gas Storage: Fuel should be stored in a secure area in ECO, Supervisory a steel tank supplied and maintained by the contractor according to Engineer, safety procedures. Gas welding cylinders and LPG cylinders should be and Contractor(s) stored in a secure, well-ventilated area. The contractor must supply sufficient fire fighting equipment in event of an accident and strictly no smoking will be allowed where fuel is stored and used. 9. Water Supply  Water supply pipelines will be according to contract specifications, ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. following the most direct ecologically responsible route to be agreed Engineer, [5]  Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK   SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Exhibit 7,1, Environmental Mitigation / Management Plan     with the supervisory engineer and as per contract documentation. and Contractor(s) Site visit and monitoring expenses of EMU/ECO are included into the EMP  Point out to contractor(s) where they can obtain water (e.g. water for ECO, Supervisory implementation costs of the mixing of cement as well as for drinking). Contractors shall not make Engineer, and Project, see Chapter 7, Table use of/collect water from any other source than those pointed out to Contractor(s) 7,2 and 7,3. them as suitable for use by them. If generators are to be used, establish generators, motors and stored fuel on a ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. 10. Power Supply hardened, bunded surface and ensure any associated pollution is controlled. Engineer, and Contractor(s) 11. Liquid Waste  Disposal of wastewaters generated in any waste facility of construction AWM OJSC/ECO, Contractor’s own expense. site (such as septic tank system) shall not be allowed within the 100 Supervisory year flood line of any watercourse, or alternatively, within 100 metres of Engineer, the edge of a water resource. Site visit and monitoring expenses of EMU/ECO are  The treatment and disposal of effluent will comply with all applicable AWM OJSC/ECO, included into the EMP legislation and the relevant permit regarding the disposal of purified Supervisory implementation costs of the effluent into the natural environment. Engineer, Project, see Chapter 7, Table 7,2 and 7,3.  The design, installation and operation of septic tanks and soak-aways AWM OJSC/ECO, will conform to Water Act of Azerbaijan. Supervisory Engineer, Construction During construction, the construction vehicles should use the existing access ECO/EMU of AWM Contractor’s own expense. Phase 1. Vehicular Access OJSC routes to construction areas where possible. Constructing approved vehicle and Movement of turning areas by avoiding selected ecological sensitive areas or species, and and Contractor(s) Site visit and monitoring Construction having turning area routes should be approved by the ECO. Temporary access expenses of EMU/ECO are Vehicles roads must be rehabilitated after usage as per prior agreement between the included into the EMP ECO/EMU of AWM OJSC and Contractor. implementation costs of the Project, see Chapter 7, Table 7,2 and 7,3. The Contractor must ensure that all construction personnel, labors and ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. 2. Movement of Engineer, equipment remain within the demarcated construction sites at all times. Where Construction construction personnel and/or equipment wish to move outside the boundaries of and Contractor(s) Site visit and monitoring Personnel, Labors expenses of EMU/ECO are [6]  Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK   SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Exhibit 7,1, Environmental Mitigation / Management Plan     and Equipments the site, the contractor/ labors must obtain permission from the ECO. included into the EMP implementation costs of the Project, see Chapter 7, Table 7,2 and 7,3. 3. Vegetation  The extent of all construction site footprints will be minimized and ECO, Supervisory limited to existing and / or already disturbed areas wherever possible. Engineer, Contractor’s own expense. Clearing and Contractor(s) Site visit and monitoring expenses of EMU/ECO are  The areas needing to be cleared and the degree of clearing required ECO, Supervisory Engineer, included into the EMP will be determined and demarcated in consultation with the ECO before and Contractor(s) implementation costs of the clearing begins. Project, see Chapter 7, Table 7,2 and 7,3.  The Contractor may not deface, paint or otherwise mark and / or ECO, Supervisory damage natural features / vegetation on the site, unless agreed Engineer, beforehand with the ECO. Any features / vegetation defaced by the and Contractor(s) Contractor will be restored to the satisfaction of the ECO.  The ECO must be present during vegetation clearing. ECO Plant Search and Rescue: ECO, Supervisory Engineer,  Plant search and rescue (i.e. the location and removal of specified and Contractor(s) plant species, without unnecessary damage, and their transfer to a specified location) and the collection of seed, shall be conducted by the ECO prior to the onset of any site clearing operations, should the ecologist/ AWM OJSC Scientific Services indicate this to be necessary.  Sensitive areas and/or species that have been selected for conservation by the ecologist / AWM OJSC Scientific Services, EMU/ ECO, shall be demarcated with danger tape. No activity shall take place at these areas.  De-stumping shall only occur at the request of the ECO. Where roots can act as erosion protection, trees should be cut as close as possible to the ground level.  During the clearing of woody vegetation no basal cover or grass and topsoil shall be removed and damage to this layer shall be minimized as far as possible. ECO, Supervisory [7]  Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK   SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Exhibit 7,1, Environmental Mitigation / Management Plan      Vegetation Removal and Trimming in Watercourses: No Engineer, heavy machinery shall be permitted within watercourses for any and Contractor(s) purpose, except emergency procedures, without the prior approval of the ECO. All cleared and trimmed vegetation shall be removed from any watercourse to prevent flooding/snagging hazards being created.  Rehabilitation: The ECO, and Contractor must agree on ECO, Supervisory rehabilitation of areas. The Contractor shall be held responsible for Engineer, rehabilitation for all areas disturbed during construction. This includes, and Contractor(s) for example, service roads, stockpile areas, stop/go facilities, windrows and wherever material generated for, or from the construction has to be stored temporarily or otherwise within the trench or construction backfill reserve, or at designated or instructed areas outside the backfill reserve. This responsibility shall extend until expiry of the Defects Liability Period. 4. Protection of  Under no circumstances shall any animals be handled, removed, killed ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. or be interfered with by the Contractor, his employees, his Engineer, Fauna subcontractors or his subcontractors’ employees. and Contractor(s) Site visit and monitoring  The Contractor and his employees shall not bring any domesticated expenses of EMU/ECO are animals onto the site. included into the EMP  The Contractor shall ensure that the work site be kept clean, tidy and implementation costs of the free of rubbish that would attract animals. Project, see Chapter 7, Table  No poaching of fauna and flora shall be tolerated by the Contractor or 7,2 and 7,3. his personnel on Site or elsewhere. 5. Cultural and/or  Historical and Archaeological Sites: If any artifact on site is ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. uncovered, work in the immediate vicinity shall be stopped Engineer, Archeological Sites immediately. The Contractor shall take reasonable precautions to and Contractor(s) Site visit and monitoring prevent any person from removing or damaging any such article and expenses of EMU/ECO are shall immediately upon discovery thereof inform the ECO of such included into the EMP discovery. Ministry of National Heritage and Cultural Resources shall implementation costs of the be contacted such that an archaeological consultant can be appointed Project, see Chapter 7, Table to excavate and record the site. Work may only resume once clearance 7,2 and 7,3. is given in writing by the archaeologist. No stones/rock or any material may be removed from any site in the Project corridor without approval by the ECO, and after confirmation that materials do not form part of a cultural site. [8]  Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK   SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Exhibit 7,1, Environmental Mitigation / Management Plan      Protective barriers are to be installed around all heritage and ECO, Supervisory architectural memorial buildings located on the site to ensure protection Engineer, during the Works. and Contractor(s)  Any proposed ground disturbance in areas identified as having ECO, Supervisory archaeological potential should be undertaken in conjunction with or Engineer, preceded by appropriate archaeological investigation and recording by and Contractor(s) a suitably qualified archaeologist. 6. Soil Management  Topsoil: ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. Engineer, and Contractor(s) Site visit and monitoring - The Contractor is required to strip topsoil together with grass expenses of EMU/ECO are / groundcover from all areas where permanent or temporary included into the EMP structures are located, construction related activities occur, implementation costs of the and access roads are to be constructed, etc. This must be Project, see Chapter 7, Table read together with the contract specifications & conditions. 7,2 and 7,3. Topsoil must be stockpiled for later use. - Topsoil is to be handled twice only - once to strip and stockpile, and secondly to replace, level, shape and scarify. - Topsoil stockpiles are not to exceed 1.5 m in height and should be protected to prevent erosion where needed. - Topsoil stockpiles are to be maintained in a weed free condition. The ECO can assist with guidance as to which plants are weeds and require removal. - Topsoil is to be replaced by direct return where feasible (i.e. replaced immediately on the area where construction is complete), rather than stockpiling it for extended periods.  Spoil Material: ECO, Supervisory Engineer, - The location of spoil stockpile sites shall be agreed upon by and Contractor(s) the ECO prior to the onset of any operations that will generate spoil materials. - No spoil material shall be dumped outside the defined site. - The Contractor shall ensure that the material does not blow or wash away. - If the spoil material is in danger of being washed or blown away, the contractor shall cover it with a suitable material, such as tarpaulin or plastic. [9]  Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK   SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Exhibit 7,1, Environmental Mitigation / Management Plan     7. Erosion Control  The Contractor shall protect all areas susceptible to erosion and shall ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. take measures, to the approval of the ECO. The Contractor shall not Engineer, allow erosion to develop on a large scale before effecting repairs and and Contractor(s) Site visit and monitoring all erosion damage shall be repaired as soon as possible. expenses of EMU/ECO are  The specifics of erosion protection work will vary from situation to included into the EMP situation. These specifics should be cleared with the PIU of AWM implementation costs of the OJSC and/or ECO and comply with the contract specifications. Project, see Chapter 7, Table  Where required, cut-off trenches can be installed to divert substantial 7,2 and 7,3. run-off and prevent erosion.  Storm water drainage measures are required on site to control runoff and prevent erosion.  During construction, areas susceptible to erosion must be protected by AWM OJSC/ECO, installing temporary or permanent drainage works and energy Supervisory dispersion mechanisms and could include, agreed with AWM OJSC Engineer, and Contractor and with considerations of implications on costs: and Contractor(s) - Vegetation, - Mitre drains (aliform), - Benches, - Benches consisting of sandbags, - Packing branches and rocks in small gullies and disturbed areas. 8. Slope Protection  Cut and fill slopes shall be shaped and trimmed to approximate the ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. natural condition and contours as closely as possible and, where Engineer, possible, be undulating. Levels incongruous to the surrounding and Contractor(s) Site visit and monitoring landscape, shall be reshaped as per contract specifications. expenses of EMU/ECO are  Slopes that need protection shall be identified by the ECO and the included into the EMP specifications needed must be established using the latest approved implementation costs of the methods and technology. Project, see Chapter 7, Table 7,2 and 7,3. 9. Access Roads  Construction staff may only use authorized paths and roads. ECO, Supervisory  The proclaimed speed limit in the Project Corridor must be strictly Engineer, Contractor’s own expense. adhered to. and Contractor(s)  ECO will monitor the conduct of drivers and report any negative impact Site visit and monitoring to the contactor immediately. expenses of EMU/ECO are  If two-way traffic movement is to take place, passing bays are to be included into the EMP used where specified by the ECO to prevent access / detours into the implementation costs of the surrounding areas. The drivers delivering construction materials to site Project, see Chapter 7, Table [10]  Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK   SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Exhibit 7,1, Environmental Mitigation / Management Plan     are to be made aware of this. They may not drive off the road in order 7,2 and 7,3. to allow another vehicle to pass.  Continual use of dirt access roads by heavy machinery and increased transport loads means they will have to be carefully monitored and regularly graded as soon as potholes or rutting occurs.  Upon completion of the construction period, the Contractor will ensure that the access roads are returned to a state no worse then prior to construction commencing.  In general, construction roads must follow existing roads and tracks AWM OJSC/ECO, and should not be wider than necessary with a maximum width of 3 m. Supervisory Should a wider road be required, this will require the approval of the Engineer, ECO. and Contractor(s) 10. Excavating,  Where at all possible, excavations must not stand open longer than 2 ECO, Supervisory days, and should preferably be opened and closed on the same day. Engineer, Contractor’s own expense. Backfilling and They should not be permitted to stand open longer than a week under and Contractor(s) Trenching any circumstances. Excavations must be marked with tape to clearly Site visit and monitoring demarcate the area and warn against access. expenses of EMU/ECO are  Excavations must not be undertaken until such time that all required included into the EMP materials / services etc. are available on-site, to facilitate immediate implementation costs of the laying of such services or the construction of subsurface infrastructure. Project, see Chapter 7, Table  Any such excavations should ideally be undertaken within the confines 7,2 and 7,3. of an established construction site, i.e. a site that is either protected with a peripheral fence, or a site that has a regular / continual human presence. Failing this, regular daily inspections are essential.  If need be, spread the rocks in as natural a looking manner as possible in the grassy plain.  Excess rocks and sand as a result of excavation activities is not to be dumped along next to construction site – rocks to be spreaded in a natural looking manner in the surrounding area.  Removed soil is to be used to backfill areas where required (i.e. such as existing and unrehabilitated gravel pits).  Excavated material is to be stockpiled along the trench within the working servitude, unless otherwise authorized.  Deficiency of backfill material will not be made up by excavation within the protected area. Where backfill material is deficient, it must be made up by importation from an approved borrow pit area. 11. Levelling  Excess sand and soil resulting from levelling activities of the work area ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. Engineer, [11]  Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK   SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Exhibit 7,1, Environmental Mitigation / Management Plan     should be stored in low heaps either on the access road or already and Contractor(s) Site visit and monitoring disturbed area. expenses of EMU/ECO are  Excess topsoil is to be spread evenly over the area in a manner that included into the EMP blends in with the natural topography. implementation costs of the  Once heavy machinery has cleared the bulk of these material Project, see Chapter 7, Table stockpiles, the disturbed areas should be levelled and cleared of any 7,2 and 7,3. foreign material manually e.g. with spades. It is unacceptable to leave foreign material behind with the knowledge that it will become hidden amongst the rejuvenating vegetation with time. There is no sand/gravel extraction area in or nearby the Project corridor. The AWM Contractor’s own expense. 12. Sand Extraction OJSC/EMU/ECO, contractor(s) shall provide the sand/gravel (crushed or naturally sieved and washed material) for filling, underlaying the pipes, using of base and sub-base REP, Supervisory Site visit and monitoring material, asphalt mixture, and concrete mixture in all Project activities from the Engineer, expenses of EMU/ECO are other plants which have the required licenses and permits in or out of the rayon. and Contractor(s) included into the EMP implementation costs of the Project, see Chapter 7, Table 7,2 and 7,3. 13. Stockpiling,  Specific sites should be allocated for construction waste e.g. empty AWM OJSC/ECO, cement bags, discarded planks, etc. A low temporary fence may be Rayon REP, Contractor’s own expense. Handling, Storage erected around such a site in order to contain the waste and assist the Supervisory of Building effective removal thereof from the site. Engineer, and Site visit and monitoring Materials Contractor(s) expenses of EMU/ECO are included into the EMP implementation costs of the  Stockpiles and storage yards will be demarcated in areas already ECO, Supervisory Engineer, Project, see Chapter 7, Table disturbed or where they will cause minimal disturbance. 7,2 and 7,3.  Clearly indicate which activities are to take place in which areas within and Contractor(s) the site e.g. the mixing of cement, stockpiling of materials etc. Limit these activities to single sites only. This may not always be possible for example for heaps of topsoil, but should definitely be the case for other building materials.  Stockpiles of expensive materials such as cement bags should be such that they can easily be removed from the site over weekends or during rainy weather.  Old cement mixing bags will be placed in wind and spill proof containers as soon as they are empty. The Contractor will not allow closed, open or empty bags to lie around the site.  The Contractor will ensure that all operations that involve the use of cement and concrete are carefully controlled.  Concrete mixing may only take place in the construction camp or in agreed specific areas on site.  Concrete may not be mixed directly on the ground. No mixed concrete [12]  Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK   SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Exhibit 7,1, Environmental Mitigation / Management Plan     may be deposited directly onto the ground prior to placing. A board or other suitable platform / surface is to be provided onto which the mixed concrete can be deposited whilst it waits placing.  All visible remains of excess concrete will be deposited in a designated area awaiting removal to an approved landfill site. 14. Servicing and Re-  All maintenance and repair work will be carried out at the main ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. construction camp within an area designated for this purpose, equipped Engineer, fueling of with necessary pollution containment measures. and Contractor(s) Site visit and monitoring Construction  The ground under the servicing and refuelling areas must be protected expenses of EMU/ECO are Equipment against pollution caused by spills and / or tank overfills (bunded / lined). included into the EMP  The Contractor may only change oil or lubricant at agreed and implementation costs of the designated locations, except if there is a breakdown or emergency Project, see Chapter 7, Table repair, and then any accidental spillages must be cleaned up / removed 7,2 and 7,3. immediately.  In such instances the Contractor will ensure that he has drip trays available to collect any oil or fluid.  Construction vehicles are to be maintained in an acceptable state of repair. No vehicles or equipment with leaks or causing spills will be permitted to operate at any of the construction sites. These will be sent immediately back to the maintenance yard for repair.  All equipment that leaks must be repaired immediately or must be removed from site.  Fuels required during construction must be stored in a central depot at the construction camp. This storage area should be located on a slab and be contained within a bund capable of containing at least the volume of one of the containers.  Temporary fuel storage tanks and transfer areas also need to be Contractor(s) located on an impervious surface adequately bunded to contain accidental spills. Appropriate run-off containment measures must be in place. 15. Solid Waste  An adequate number of ‘scavenger proof’ refuse bins must be provided ECO , Supervisory at the construction sites and at the construction camps. Engineer, Contractor’s own expense. Management  These bins must be provided with lids and an external closing and Contractor(s) mechanism to prevent their contents blowing out and must be Site visit and monitoring scavenger-proof to prevent the animals that may be attracted to the expenses of EMU/ECO are waste. included into the EMP  The Contractor will ensure that all personnel immediately deposit waste implementation costs of the [13]  Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK   SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Exhibit 7,1, Environmental Mitigation / Management Plan     in the waste bins provided. Project, see Chapter 7, Table  All refuse and solid waste generated at all work sites will be stored in 7,2 and 7,3. appropriate scavenger proof containment vessels at the relevant site and removed to the main construction camp, where the waste will be sorted and stored within a fenced waste storage area.  All waste must be transported in an appropriate manner (e.g. plastic rubbish bags).  The Contactor may not dispose of any waste and / or construction debris by burning, or by burying.  Discard all construction waste at a registered waste management facility / landfill site, particularly those wastes or products that could impact on surface or groundwater quality by leaching into or coming into contact with water.  The contractor will maintain ‘good housekeeping’ practises as ensure that all work sites and construction camp are kept tidy and litter free.  The Contractor may discharge ‘clean’ silt laden water overland and allow this water to filter into the ground. However, he must ensure that he does not cause erosion as a result of any overland discharge.  No natural watercourse is to be used for the cleaning of tools or any other apparatus. This includes for purposes of bathing, or the washing of clothes etc.  All washing operations will take place off-site at a location where wastewater can be disposed of in an acceptable manner.  Trucks delivering concrete may not be washed on site or anywhere inside the Project corridor.  All soil contaminated, for example by leaking machines, refuelling spills etc. is to be excavated to the depth of contaminant penetration, placed in 200 litre drums and removed to an appropriate landfill site.  The Contractor must take reasonable precautions to prevent the Contractor(s) pollution of the ground and / or water resources on and adjacent to the site as a result of his activities.  Adequate ablution facilities are to be provided at each construction site, conveniently located near to work areas to avoid localised water pollution from camp sewerage.  No spills may be hosed down into a storm water drain or sewer, or into ECO the surrounding natural environment. and Contractor(s) 16. Hazardous Material  The Contractor must comply with all national, regional and local Contractor(s) Contractor’s own expense. [14]  Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK   SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Exhibit 7,1, Environmental Mitigation / Management Plan     legislation with regard to the storage, transport, use and disposal of Site visit and monitoring petroleum, chemical, harmful and hazardous substances and materials. expenses of EMU/ECO are  The Contractor will furthermore be responsible for the training and included into the EMP education of all personnel on site who will be handling the material implementation costs of the about its proper use, handling and disposal. Project, see Chapter 7, Table  The Contractor will be responsible for establishing an emergency 7,2 and 7,3. procedure for dealing with spills or releases of petroleum.  Petroleum, chemical, harmful and hazardous waste throughout the site must be stored in appropriate, well maintained containers.  Periodic on-site application of timber treatment products (for maintenance purposes) should take place with due care for the nature of the product (toxicity) and for potential spillages that may occur. Areas where timber is to be treated should have secondary containment measures instituted, such as the placement of a plastic layer (some from of covering) over soils, beneath the timber structures to prevent contamination of the soil surface.  Exercise extreme care with the handling of diesel and other toxic ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. solvents so that spillage is minimized. Engineer,  Any accidental chemical / fuel spills to be corrected immediately. and Contractor(s) Site visit and monitoring  Timber products should be treated off-site prior to use in construction. expenses of EMU/ECO are included into the EMP implementation costs of the Project, see Chapter 7, Table 7,2 and 7,3.  Storage of all hazardous material is to be safe, tamper proof and under AWM OJSC/ECO, Construction cost ($ strict control at the special storage facility to be constructed in Kurdamir Contractor(s), and 105,000) of Hazardous city prior to start of the construction activities. Municipality Waste Disposal Facility is included into the EMP implementation costs of the Project, see Chapter 7, Table 7,3.  ILO asbestos convention requirements should be met during the work Contractor(s) Contractor’s own expense. with asbestos cement pipe replacement and disposal within this project. 17. Run-off from  The Contractor must ensure that rainwater containing pollutants does ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. not run-off into natural areas and thus result in a pollution threat. Engineer, Construction Camp  A drainage diversion system is to be installed to divert runoff from and Contractor(s) Site visit and monitoring areas of potential pollution, e.g. batching area, vehicle maintenance expenses of EMU/ECO are [15]  Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK   SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Exhibit 7,1, Environmental Mitigation / Management Plan     area, workshops, chemical and fuel stores, etc. included into the EMP implementation costs of the Project, see Chapter 7, Table 7,2 and 7,3. 18. Fire  The Contractor must take all the necessary precautions to ensure that Contractor(s) Contractor’s own expense. fires are not started as a result of activities on site.  No open fires for heating or cooking will be permitted on site, unless Site visit and monitoring otherwise agreed and then only in designated areas. expenses of EMU/ECO are  The Contractor will supply all living quarters, site offices, kitchen areas, included into the EMP work shop areas, material stores and any other areas identified with implementation costs of the suitable, tested and approved fire fighting equipment. Project, see Chapter 7, Table 7,2 and 7,3.  No fuels or chemicals may be stored under trees. ECO, Supervisory Engineer,  Gas and liquid fuel may not be stored in the same storage area. and Contractor(s)  The Contractor must ensure that there is adequate fire-fighting equipment at the fuel stores.  The construction site must be protected against fire, and a sufficient fire break must be constructed, on advice by the Section Ranger, around each construction site and the construction camp where necessary. 19. Ambient Air and  The Contractor shall take precautions to the satisfaction of the ECO ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. and Supervisory Engineer to limit the production of dust and damage Engineer, Dust and Contractor(s) Site visit and monitoring caused by dust. expenses of EMU/ECO are  Reschedule vegetation clearing activities or earthworks during periods included into the EMP of high wind, if visible dust is blowing off-site. implementation costs of the  Routing haul routes away from sensitive receivers, wherever possible. Project, see Chapter 7, Table  Ensure that dust generation from construction roads is managed. 7,2 and 7,3.  Regular watering and other treatment of exposed construction areas subject to vehicle and machinery movement.  Ensuring that vehicles and equipment are appropriately maintained or covered to minimize air emissions.  Vehicle speeds in construction will be limited to a maximum of 30 km/h.  Revegetate disturbed areas as soon as possible.  No open burning of wastes to be undertaken. 20. Noise  Machinery and vehicle silencer units are to be maintained in good Contractor(s) Contractor’s own expense. working order. Offending machinery and / or vehicles will be banned [16]  Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK   SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Exhibit 7,1, Environmental Mitigation / Management Plan     from use on site until they have been repaired. Site visit and monitoring  Noise levels must be kept within acceptable limits for a protected area, expenses of EMU/ECO are and must not be of such nature as to detract from the natural included into the EMP experience of other visitors to the protected area. implementation costs of the  The contractor shall take into consideration that the project areas are Project, see Chapter 7, Table located within a natural environment and that noise could be a major 7,2 and 7,3. disturbance/nuisance for the fauna. Project management should endeavour to keep noise generating activities associated with construction activities to a minimum and within working hours.  Excessively noisy activities will be conducted between 9 am – 6 pm, if they are likely to be annoyance to local residence.  Equipment used on site will be quietest reasonably available.  Haul routes for construction traffic entering and leaving the site will be selected to ensure noise levels at noise sensitive receptors are kept at a minimum.  Notify the residents in the Project area prior to commencement of the ECO, Supervisory construction phase. The notification should include the type of Works Engineer, being undertaken, the duration of the proposed Works, and a contact and Contractor(s) for any questions or concerns.  Ensure that the contractor on the site have effectively controlled noise levels from equipment. Effective noise controls include; o Regular inspection and maintenance of all vehicles and construction equipment working on-site. o Installation of sound suppressive devices (such as mufflers) on all mechanical plant as necessary. o Where practicable, vehicles and machinery that are used intermittently should not be left idling condition for long period of time.  Best available work practices will be employed on site to minimize occupational noise levels.  The adjacent residents will be notified prior to any typical noise events or noisy operations outside of 9 am – 6 pm Monday to Sunday. 21. Crossing at Rivers,  Work in rivers, streams and wetlands should preferably be done during Contractor’s own expense. the low flow season. Streams and  Remove all wetland and riparian vegetation with their root ball intact Site visit and monitoring Wetlands (minimum 150mm below soil surface). This vegetation is to be kept expenses of EMU/ECO are moist at all times. It is to be placed in the shade and covered with included into the EMP moistened hessian cloth until replanting, which is to be undertaken implementation costs of the immediately surface reinstatement is complete. Project, see Chapter 7, Table [17]  Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK   SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Exhibit 7,1, Environmental Mitigation / Management Plan      Stockpile wetland and riparian topsoil separately to subsoil, with 7,2 and 7,3. reinstatement of soil material to be in the correct order.  No construction materials may be stockpiled in any riparian or wetland areas.  Ensure that no physical damage is caused to any aspects of a watercourse, other than those necessary to complete the works as specified and in accordance with the accepted method statement.  The pre-construction profile of wetlands shall be returned to one similar as before construction, with no created “ridge or channel” features present. This is to ensure that no depressions remain which could act as channels for preferential water flow thereby affecting the hydrological regime of the wetland.  Replant plants, as nearly as possible, in areas from which they were Contractor(s) removed. Use additional stabilising vegetation on disturbed banks if necessary.  If the crossing is through a wetland, large rocks should be placed below ground level, underneath the structure to allow for seepage to continue post construction. This is to prevent the crossing forming a barrier to water movement.  If the wetland crossing is very wide, culverts should be widely spread to avoid concentration of flow.  Avoid excavation of alternative channels to re-route any watercourse (essentially avoiding unnecessary erosion). 22. Visual  Security lighting must be placed such that it is not a nuisance to ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. residents and visitors to the area. Shields may be required to prevent Engineer, lights from being visible from other parts of the protected areas. and Contractor(s) Site visit and monitoring  Care will be taken when positioning the lights to ensure the least visual expenses of EMU/ECO are impact, while still providing a safe work environment for construction included into the EMP staff. implementation costs of the  The clear signboards must be erected to inform the visiters of the Project, see Chapter 7, Table activity taking place. Contractor shall provide and erect the signboards 7,2 and 7,3. as required at his own expense.  The Contractor shall not establish any activities which, in the opinion of the ECO, are likely to adversely affect the scenic quality of the area. The ECO may direct the Contractor to refrain from such activities or to take ameliorative actions to reduce the adverse effects of such activities.  No painting or marking of natural features shall take place. Marking for surveying and other purposes shall only be done with pegs and [18]  Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK   SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Exhibit 7,1, Environmental Mitigation / Management Plan     beacons.  All packed rock and exposed rock cuttings shall be treated in order to blend their colour with the colours of the natural weathered rocks of the adjacent environment. 23. Site Clean-up and  The Contractor must ensure that all temporary structures, materials, ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. waste and facilities used for construction activities are removed upon Engineer, Rehabilitation completion of the project. and Contractor(s) Site visit and monitoring  Fully rehabilitate (e.g. clear and clean area, rake, pack branches etc.) expenses of EMU/ECO are all disturbed areas and protect them from erosion. included into the EMP  Only indigenous plants which are able to establish easily and will need implementation costs of the less maintenance because they have already adapted to the local Project, see Chapter 7, Table conditions should be considered. 7,2 and 7,3.  Before final decisions about the choice of plant species are taken, the Section Ranger should be approached for their advice. EMU : Environmental Management Unit of AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan. ECO : Environmental Control Officer of AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan. Important note                                                                              :  This EMP will form a part of the project tender and contract. Pre-construction and construction phase mitigation guidelines and clauses should be written into the construction contract documents as specifications. The contents of this EMP shall be deemed to be included in the rates tendered to execute and complete the works. [19]  Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK   SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Exhibit 7,2, Monitoring Planfor Construction and Operation Phases Exhibit 7,2 Monitoring Plan for Construction and Operation Phases Response When Item Media Parameter Frequency Action Level Responsibility Cost note Action Level Exceeded Construction Phase Dust Continual Visual assessment during Periodic measurement, ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. 1 Ambient Air the Works If dust levels are above Engineer and Contractor acceptable levels, implement Site visit and monitoring Control Parameter: dust suppression techniques expenses of EMU/ECO are PM10 – 24 hour average: 50 (wetting down area) and/or included into the EMP 3 µg/m assess weather conditions and implementation costs of the 3 Annual average: 40 µg/m maybe temporarily cease Project, see Chapter 7, Table works until conditions ease 7,2 and 7,3. Impact Monitoring Compliance Monitoring Contractor’s own expense. Dust deposition Only as required: Monthly dust deposition rate If the dust deposition action ECO, Supervisory exceeding level is exceeded, review Engineer and Contractor Site visit and monitoring 2 Continual 4 g/m / month works procedures to suppress expenses of EMU/ECO are sampling and dust, including additional included into the EMP analysis at 1 Impact Monitoring watering of work faces implementation costs of the month periods generating dust, temporary Project, see Chapter 7, Table Compliance Monitoring use of covers. 7,2 and 7,3. Asbestos During Removal of 0.05 fibres/mL Cease works immediately, ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. Asbestos review work methods including Engineer and Contractor Containing Impact Monitoring wetting down. Resume work Site visit and monitoring Materials: only after a safe work expenses of EMU/ECO are Compliance Monitoring environment has been re- included into the EMP Daily at site established. implementation costs of the boundaries, In accordance with the Project, see Chapter 7, Table dependent on requirements of ILO 7,2 and 7,3. environmental Asbestos Convention [1] Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Exhibit 7,2, Monitoring Planfor Construction and Operation Phases conditions PM10 Only as required: Boundary action level of 40 If the PM10 action level is ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. 3 micro g/m exceeded, review works Engineer and Contractor 24 hour monitoring (Annual Mean, Directive procedures to suppress dust, Site visit and monitoring periods 99/30/EC) including additional watering of expenses of EMU/ECO are 3 on 6 day cycle 50 micro g/m , Not to be work faces generating dust, included into the EMP exceeded more than 35 temporary use of covers. implementation costs of the times in a calendar year Project, see Chapter 7, Table 7,2 and 7,3. Impact Monitoring Compliance Monitoring 3 TSP 90 mg/m If the TSP action level (3 ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. Only as required: (annual average) month running average) is Engineer and Contractor exceeded, review works Site visit and monitoring 24 hour monitoring Impact Monitoring procedures. expenses of EMU/ECO are periods included into the EMP on 6 day cycle. Compliance Monitoring implementation costs of the Analysis as Project, see Chapter 7, Table required 7,2 and 7,3. (15 minute) +20 dBA for short term (< 4 If noise action level is ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. 2 Noise Noise Levels Only as required: weeks) according to outdoor exceeded then review work Engineer and Contractor criteria practices and noise control Site visit and monitoring Periodic attended procedures, including expenses of EMU/ECO are monitoring at +10 dBA for medium term (4 maintenance of equipment, included into the EMP hourly intervals at –26 weeks) according to installation of silencers, implementation costs of the nearest potentially outdoor criteria provision of noise barriers and Project, see Chapter 7, Table sensitive modification of work hours. 7,2 and 7,3. receivers. Impact Monitoring Compliance Monitoring Quality/ As per disposal guideline / licence If contaminant ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. 3 Water Quality Contaminant guidelines require requirements (whichever is concentrations/licence Engineer and Contractor concentrations applicable) conditions are exceeded, Site visit and monitoring review disposal options and expenses of EMU/ECO are Impact Monitoring decide on most applicable. included into the EMP Report any exceedences of implementation costs of the Compliance Monitoring licence (of applicable) to Project, see Chapter 7, Table issuing authority. 7,2 and 7,3. [2] Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Exhibit 7,2, Monitoring Planfor Construction and Operation Phases Segregation, Monthly inspection Visual assessment during Solid waste cycled as 0 % of ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. 4 Waste Storage and the Works; movement of solids or liquid Engineer and Contractor Management transport of - Field waste through the soil, rocks, Site visit and monitoring Implications wastes inspection, water, atmosphere. expenses of EMU/ECO are included into the EMP - Report of implementation costs of the waste volumes generated Project, see Chapter 7, Table 7,2 and 7,3. Report and record all leakages and spills Impact Monitoring Compliance Monitoring Soil Monitoring Continual Assess adequacy of If controls have failed or are ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. 5 Ground and Erosion sedimentation/ considered inadequate, cease Engineer and Contractor Control environmental controls on- works immediately and repair Site visit and monitoring site. to an acceptable standard. expenses of EMU/ECO are included into the EMP Impact Monitoring implementation costs of the Project, see Chapter 7, Table 7,2 and 7,3. Terrestrial Continual Minimal ecological impacts Required to ensure the ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. 6 Ecological Fauna, Flora, recommended mitigation Engineer and Contractor Resources and Aquatic Impact Monitoring measures are properly Site visit and monitoring species implemented. expenses of EMU/ECO are included into the EMP implementation costs of the Project, see Chapter 7, Table 7,2 and 7,3. Surface Once at the Minimum disturbance of the Required to ensure the ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. 7 Lanscape and treatment of Completion of original landscape recommended mitigation Engineer and Contractor Visual temporary work measures are properly Site visit and monitoring structures Impact Monitoring implemented. expenses of EMU/ECO are included into the EMP implementation costs of the Project, see Chapter 7, Table 7,2 and 7,3. [3] Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Exhibit 7,2, Monitoring Planfor Construction and Operation Phases Arcitectural Continual No structural damage Required to ensure the ECO, Supervisory Contractor’s own expense. 8 Cultural Memorial recommended mitigation Engineer and Contractor Heritage buildings in the Impact Monitoring measures are properly Site visit and monitoring city implemented. expenses of EMU/ECO are Compliance Monitoring included into the EMP implementation costs of the Project, see Chapter 7, Table 7,2 and 7,3. Operation Phase Measuring the In every 10 days Efficient use of water Cease the operation AzerSu, RSKD and 10 Water volume Water level, and with fluid shot and resource WTP Management in raw water Flow rate water meter Immediate remedial action. - source Impact Monitoring Compliance Monitoring Drinking water As per EU council Full compliance to Cease the treatment activity, AzerSu, RSKD and 12 Drinkable water quality directive 98/83 EC requirements of Council and continue to disinfection WTP Management directive 98/83 EC and sedimentation. - Target Turbidity 0.04 NTU Immediate remedial action. - Target Chlorin Residuals 0.3-0.6 mg/l - - Target Alum residuals 0.02-0.03 mg/l Impact Monitoring Compliance Monitoring Effluent As per EU council - Report the quantity of Cease the discharge to water AzerSu, RSKD and 13 Treated Water Discharge directive 91/271 discharge every day body, WWTP Management Effluent Quality EEC - - Full compliance to Council Immediate remedial action Directive 91/271 EEC - Sample analysis comply [4] Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Exhibit 7,2, Monitoring Planfor Construction and Operation Phases with the Directive Impact Monitoring Compliance Monitoring EMU : Environmental Management Unit of AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan. ECO : Environmental Control Officer of AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan. Notes : 1. The Employer (AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan) with its authorized environmentally sub-sections (EMU/ECO), and the Supervisory Engineer (or Environmental Specialist of CMF) will monitor the implementation of the EMP during the construction period and Defects Liability Period (DLP). 2. The Employer will ensure that the contract document include the relevant environmental protection clauses. 3. Monitoring and audit of the WSS facilities will be performed by the ‘Joint SuKanal LLC’ (JSK LLC - subsidiary of AzerSu) through the Rayon SuKanal Departments (RSKD) during the operation period. [5] Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Public Consultation Chapter 8 Overview This Chapter describes the outcome of the public consultation sessions held with different stakeholder groups that may be impacted by the project. The consultation process was carried out in accordance with the World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.01) on public consultation. The objectives of this process were to:  Share information with stakeholders on the proposed WSS project and expected impact on the physical, biological, and socioeconomic environment of the project corridor.  Understand stakeholder concerns regarding various aspects of the project, including the existing condition of the water supply and sanitation systems, and the likely impact of construction-related activities and operation of the new WSS systems. The public consultation forums were:  Series of meetings that were held with the stakeholders both for scoping the EIA topics and to set forth the environmental issues related to Project options previously preferred. These meetings were held with AWM OJSC, RPUDs, and relevant governmental departments both in rayon level and regional level.  Scoping sessions that were held with local communities.  Focus group discussions that were held with general water users, including householders in the towns and villages, farmers, and housewives. 8.1. Scoping Sessions Series of scoping sessions and focus group discussions were carried out with AWM OJSC, rayon SuKanal Departments, local administrative departments, Local Communities and NGOs. Additional meetings were held at various sites along the project corridor (for details, see Annex-4). Generally, people were found to be aware of the need to upgrade the WSS systems, and indicated their support for the AWM OJSC. The proposed construction of the new systems met with particular support since it will reduce the health problems of the public in their region. Local departments of rayon demanded they be part of a continuous consultation process with other stakeholders at different stages of the project including the design, construction, and operation periods. The most commonly raised concerns are listed below:  Improving general standards of water supply system,  Providing sufficient volume of drinkable water to their residents, 8.1 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Public Consultation  Taking into consideration the requirements of non-residential drinkable water demand on the design of the proposed Project,  Special concerns were brought up on the protective measures to avoid the loss of productivity on the agricultural lots nearby the Project corridor,  Special concerns were brought up on the designing the pipe routes to avoid the land acquisition,  Providing the control mechanisms to control and check the water quality to be distributed,  Setting up a good traffic condition and transport programme during the construction to avoid the traffic congestion and disruption of the public services, and to avoid traffic congestion related hazards, and dust emissions,  Ensuring that the contractor does not use private land for parking construction machinery,  Avoiding undue delays in construction and ensure that project works are carried out in one stretch rather than in piecemeal manner,  Avoiding dumping construction material along the highway and median,  Adopting measures to minimize and control spillages from construction machinery,  Compensation should be fair, and subject to transparency,  Control over-speeding, overloading, traffic disorders and violations of traffic regulations, and construct speed breakers where required,  Providing a separate land for contractor’s camp in adequate distance from the residential and commercial areas,  Erecting cautionary and information signs. 8.1.1. Stage 1 Consultation The first call of an information meeting for scoping consultation attending the representatives of RPUDs and other intrested parties, including representative of AWM OJSC, has been forwarded to AWM OJSC at the date of September 01, 2010, see Annex-4. Agenda items of meeting request were as following;  Distributing of an Environmental Checklist drawn up by the EIA consultant,  Discussing of the Public review Process for scoping the EIA, and Since the study areas consist of 12 rayons, two information meetings, each of six rayons, has been planned for scoping consultation process. The first information meeting for the southern six rayons (Astara, Lankaran, Lerik, Yardimli, Jalilabad, and Masalli) were held at September 07, 2010 in Lankaran. The second information meeting for other six rayons (Imishli, Zardab, Kurdamir, Ujar, Gadabay, and Dashkasan) were held at September 17, 2010 in Ujar rayon. See Annex-4.2. Meanwhile, a series of the consultation meetings with the technical and ecological experts of AWM OJSC continued to explain and discuss the proposals, the consultation and assessment process, and the technical investigations commissioned, as well as to identify information needs of stakeholders and interested parties, and ways to incorporate local knowledge. 8.2 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Public Consultation 8.1.2. Stage 2 Consultation The objectives of the Stage 2 consultation were to obtain location-specific information about patterns of human use of the rayon and water abstraction figures both for drinking and irrigation in rayon, information from the various investigations previously performed for the stakeholders and interested parties and obtain their views on the adequacy of the investigations, reconcile the findings of the investigations with local knowledge, and engage people in assessing the comparative effects and issues of different alternatives. Over the period September 15 – November 30, 2010, contact lists were checked and interested parties recontacted to offer meetings on the technical findings. 8.1.3. Stage 3 Consultation The objective of the Stage 3 consultation was to provide information on the preliminary assessment of environmental issues and obtain feedback from the stakeholders and interested parties on it, confirm likely effects and impacts, and identify appropriate mitigation options. Phase 3 consultation consisted of a meeting with the rayon representatives and intrested parties. In this period, a scoping report has been carried out, and submitted to AWM OJSC at the date of May 30, 2011. Details of the meetings held are in following table; Table 8,1: Details of meetings held in the consultation process Department / Number of Meeting Institution/Intrested Date Attending parties/General Public Information meeting - Representatives of AWM Sept. 17, 2010 29 held in Ujar city for OJSC scoping process - Representatives of RPUDs of Aran and western rayons (Imishli, Zardab, Kurdamir, Ujar, Gadabay, and Dashkasan) - Ujar Representative of MENR - Head of WUAs from six rayons, Local NGOs - Representative of Ujar ‘Yeni Soz’ newspaper - Representative of Red Crescent Association (Qizil Aypara) of Azerbaijan, Local NGO - Representative of Xoshabulag Credit Union, from Kurdamir, Local NGO - Consultant’s representatives In Kurdamir city, to - Deputy Governer of Kurdamir explain and discuss - Deputy Mayor of Kurdamir city Nov. 10, 2010 24 the environmental - Head of RPUDs of Kurdamir issues, Project - Head of Kurdamir branch of details, and to collect Women Solidarity Society (Sevil) and review the on- of Azerbaijan, Local NGO, site informations - Representative of Local Press - Head of Kurdamir rayon branch of Intellectual Society of Azerbaijan, Local NGO, - Other intrested groups from 8.3 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Public Consultation Kurdamir - Teachers from Schools - Head of rayon Youth Association - Consultant Representatives In Kurdamir city, to -Deputy Governer of Kurdamir May 05, 2011 28 inform the general -Intrested Parties public performing a -Representative of local NGOs public hearing on the -Residents from Kurdamir proposed Project, -Representatives from Local and to get a public press feedback -Consultant Representatives 8.1.4. Summary of Feedback The following table summarizes the issues raised through the scoping consultation programme; Table 8,2: Summary Feedback issues raised through the scoping consultation programme Issue Type Detailed Issues Response Technical Scope of For the purposes of this EIA Study, The discussions on the ToR of EIA revealed, and the following list of issues the EIA Which environmental issues will be adapted? has been refined and adapted with reference to this EIA process; 1. Land Use and Planning (construction camp, soil erosion, soil contamination and surface run-off), 2. Solid Waste, Hazardous Waste Disposal, 3. Water Resources, 4. Ambient Air Quality, Dust and Odor, 5. Noise, 6. Temporary Traffic Management, 7. Ecological Environment (vegetation, terrestrial wildlife, aquatic biology and fisheries), 8. Cultural Environment, 9. Systems’ Utilities, Existing Condition - The people are suffering for the - The proposed project is drinking water presently. intended to provide the full and Scope of the service of water supply and project - Less than half of the householders in sanitation for Kurdamir city, the city have customer connection to including half of the Atakishili the existing centeralized water supply and Xirdapay villages. All system. customer connections within the water supply and - We would like to know whether the sanitation systems will be new water supply system would installed to the households cover the whole city. located in the service area. - A new WWTP and WTP will - There is no active WWTP and WTP be constructed within this installed to the systems Project. Resettlement and - The treated water pipeline will travel - Any potential resettlement along villages’ connection roads and and compensation issues and Compensation Kurdamir – Ucar highway to the city. issues related to loss of Issues access to farm land will be - However, both sides of these roads handled in accordance with are covered by the agricultural lots. the provisions of the Project’s Although the pipeline will be aligned Resettlement Policy within the RoW of these roads, these Framework. lands will be affected from the excess fugitive dust and emissions during the construction, and blocking the access to farmlands will occur. 8.4 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Public Consultation - How will the resettlement and compensation issues will be solved, if they arise? How will these types of issues, such as loss of access to farmland, be handled? Protection of - A part of the raw water transmission - The new HIGDU and the raw main will travel on the flood plain of water transmission main will Riparian Girdimanchay river from the new be aligned with the old ones. Communities along HIGDU to the old crusher plant at the Girdimanchay upper levels of Arapmehdibeyli - These structures have total Flood Plain village. 100 m Rights of Ways (RoW) according to the centerline of - Will the proposed construction the old pipeline and 200 m activities on this section degrade the according to the center lines natural environment of the river’s of the horizontal collectors. riparian? - New HIGD and the pipeline - Will protection measures take place will be constructed at the during the construction period? same site that they locate within the same RoW. - Because of this reason, no additional land is required for construction of the new HIGD and the pipeline, and therefore, the new construction activities will no longer disturbe the flood plain and its riparian communities. The use of existing - If old pipes in the network are to be - None of the existing water rehabilitated during the construction supply facility will be used in systems’ works, combination of this Project components components. - Then how would it contribute to - New water pipelines will be solution of water problem? constructed on the same alignment of the old ones. But, they will be completely new and will conform to the modern engineering standards. In addition, the whole obsolete water supply and sewerage systems will be constructed newly instead of the old ones, and projection of the systems will be 20 years of horizon. Raw Water Source Acceptance of the use of the sub-surface Currently, the drinking water for the city lateral water to be abstracted by a HIGDU on is met from two HIGDU located at the the flood plain of Girdimanchay river basin, and lowstream of Girdimanchay river nearby constructing a WTP for Kurdamir city. Kulullu village in Agsu rayon at about 170 masl. The Feasibility Consultant and Beneficiary (AWM OJSC) envisage for using of sub surface lateral water collected with this HIGDU, to provide the raw water for the water supply system of Kurdamir city. This alternative offers a WTP which will be constructed in the upper levels of Arabmehdibey village. The land of the proposed WTP site is currently owned by the SuKanal Department of Kurdamir rayon. The site is located at about 89 masl north of the mentioned village. Total length of the raw water pipeline will be approximately 5.3 km from the catchment to WTP site in this alternative. 8.5 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Public Consultation Treated Water Where will the treated water generated in The treated waste water will be WWTP will be disposed? discharged into Goychay Collector Discharge from through Shahsevenark irrigation WWTP channel. Design and Risk assessment to include possible Earthquakes and flooding risks are no earthquakes and severe flooding affecting different to those for all infrastructure. maintenance of the pipelines and sewerage system capacity. proposed sewerage system Removing of the A part of the sewage lines in the city was Generally, replacement methods break installed with the asbestos cement pipes. the Asbestos Cement pipes into existing Asbestos Asbestos fibers can be released into the air pieces and leave the Asbestos Cement pipes during their rehabilitation and/or removal. This Cement material in a zone around the poses risks to public health, particularly when new pipe after replacement. Disposal pipes are mishandled or damaged. of broken Asbestos Cement pipes in designated sites (such as municipal How will the existing asbestos cement pipes be hazardous waste disposal site) handled during the construction? provides better monitoring and control for future assessments and follow-ups. The ILO asbestos convention requirements will be met during the work with asbestos cement pipe replacement and disposal within this project. Future Planning The ability of WTP and WWTP to cope with To be covered in project design with expected in the service area’s population and projected future growth to 2030. visitors. To be covered in project design. Contingency plans for natural hazards including earthquakes and flooding. Possible to growth to at least double capacity projected with additional The ability to adapt the system for changes in facilities in future both for WTP and environmental standards in the future. WWTP. 8.2. General Public The general public were consulted through all three phases of the consultation process as described above. A contact list of individuals and groups that were considered or known to be interested in the process and/or had identified themselves as having an interest, was created and maintained with EMU of AWM OJSC and Rayon Irrigation Department throughout the consultation process. Individuals and organizations on the list were contacted. Context : The ‘’Kurdamir Public’’ is divided into two groups;  The “engaged public” as represented by the various NGOs in Kurdamir rayon who comments, and  The “general public”being the general public who may at this time have very little information on the proposed Project. Objectives 1. To fulfill all obligations of public consultation as per the EIA regulations of Azerbaijan (Handbook on the EIA Process in Azerbaijan, 1996 and Law on Environmental Protection, 1999). 2. To provide basic information to the public of Kurdamir rayon. 3. To provide opportunities for public discussion and record public feedback on the concerns for the proposed project. 4. To encourage public awareness and feedback opportunities for public input and discussion on the development of the proposed Project. The general public consultation included a two-part process; 8.6 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Public Consultation 1. Phase 1; Creation of a background information package (hard copy questionnaries), and obtaining of public feedback both from the ‘engaged public’ and ‘general public’ with the notification and dissemination of the questionnaries set to Kurdamir Public. See Table 8,4. 2. Phase 2; Arranging a general public meeting in Kurdamir city as an open public forum. Notice for the forum has been posted in local municipal Office through EMU of AWM OJSC and Rayon Irrigation Department. Interested parties included, but were not limited to residents and residents groups, NGOs, business groups including farmers, and environmental groups. A general public consultation meeting was held in May 06, 2011 in the Conference Hall of REP Building. See Table 8,2 and Annex-4. Summary Public Feedback Table 8,3: Summary Public Feedback issues raised through the General Public Consultation programme Issue Type Detailed Issues Response Scope of the - Will the Water and Wastewater - New WTP and WWTP will be Treatment Plants be constructed constructed for the new Project within the scope of this project? systems. A water treatment plant has been foreseen to treat - Will the new water distribution the amount of water required for reservoirs be constructed or the old Kurdamir city by the Feasibility ones be rehabilitated? Consultant and AWM OJSC. The raw water will also disinfected in the WTP by a chloramination process. In addition, a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) that will be constructed for Kurdamir city is considered a mechanical- biological ‘Custom Build Continuous Flow’ type with extended aeration-activated sludge technology. The required parameters of the municipal wastewater treatment process with the effluent quality standards are specified and framed in the EU Council Directive of May 21, 1991 concerning the urban wastewater treatment (UWWT). - None of the existing facility of systems will be used or rehabilitated. New systems will be implemented under the scope of this Project. All components of this Project will be constructed in accordance with the modern engineering practices and relevant National/International standards. Compensation and - Will any damage be compensated if a - All damages that will occur on damage occurs on the farmlands the farmlands and/or private or Resettlement adjacent to the pipeline alignments public amenities will be Issues during the construction? compesated in accordance with the project’s Resettlement Policy Framework to be prepared for the project. Water Supply - 7 / 24 sufficient water release - Entire drinkable water supply service area will be provided by 7/24 sufficient treated water. - Storage capacities of the 8.7 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Public Consultation pressure zones’ water reservoirs are calculated according to the daily drinkable water demand of the whole city. Treated Water - How the quality of the distributed - The treated water will be water be supervised? analysed everyday by the Quality laboratory on the area of the plant, distributed to the consumer after it has gone through chloramination for microbial cleansing, and continually supervised by checking the chlorine disinfection on varios points of the piped network. Timescales for - When is it envisaged for the project - The project is envisaged to start to start and finish? around the summer months of completion the 2011, and finish around the end project of the second quarter of 2013. Table 8,4: Summary Public Feedback (scores are obtained from the results of hard copy interview questionnaries disseminated to Kurdamir Public, between October and December, 2010) Answers Walking to water truck or Delivery to house by water 12 hours out of the day More than 100 meters 3 hours out of the day Not at all / in no case Questionnaries Up to 100 meters Up to 50 meters For some days All the time How much Sometime Nothing By Tap source Never truck Yes No How do you obtain your 1 water ? 37% 39% 24% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - If you have to walk for obtaining your water, 2 how far do - - - 41% 33% 14% 12% - - - - - - - - - - you have to walk? Are you satisfied with 3 the quality of - - - - - - 81% 12% 7% - - - - - - - - the water? How often do you lack 4 water - - - - - - - - - 3% 11% 81% 5% - - - - supply? Is there sufficient water pressure in 5 your water - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3% 97% - supply system? Have you 6 ever suffered - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 44% 56% - 8.8 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Public Consultation any kind of waterborn diseases? How much 2 do you pay 7 now for your - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AZN/ Month water? Are you willing to pay 2-4 water? If 8 ‘Yes’, please - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 93% 7% AZN/ Month state how much? Are you connected with the 9 Municipal - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8% 92% - sewage system? Do you have sewage problems on 10 your property - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 87% 13% - or around your house? Are you willing to pay 11 for sewage - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14% 86% - collection? If you are an industry and are not connected to the Municipal 1 water supply 12 system - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 99% 1% AZN/ Month currently, would you want to be connected? If you are an industry and are not connected to the Municipal 3-4 sewage 13 system - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 93% 7% AZN/ Month currently, would you want to be connected?  Number of Interviewers is 50. 8.9 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons- Kurdamir Bibliography Chapter 9 9.1. Selected Bibliography 1. Water resources of South Caucasus. Saint-Petersburg. , 1988, 263 p. 2. Mamedov R. G., Hadjiyev Б.В. Energy Intensity of Irrigation System. Interaction and Management. Baku 1997. 3. Askerov, F., and N. Ismaylov. 2001. An Experiment to Reclaim Oil Contaminated Soil in Azerbaijan. Energy, Ecology, Economy 1 (8–9): 66– 71. 4. Azerbaijan Urban Environmental Profile (Draft). ADB, Manila, 2004. 5. Bass, R.E., and Herson, A.I., ‘’The California Environmental Quality Act: A Step-by-Step Approach’’, 1991, Jones and Stokes Associates, Sacremento, California. 6. Conservation International; Azerbaijan Biodiversity Report. Washington, D.C., 2003. 7. A.A. Madat-zade, E.M. Shihlinsky. Climate of Azerbaijan. Baku, 1968. 8. Hydrometeorological Practice Guidelines. WMO № 168. Geneva, 1994. 9. Epstein, 1983, Science and engineering of composting: design, environmental, microbiological and utilisation aspects , Renaissance Publications, Worthington, OH, 319-338. 10. Environmental Assessment Sourcebook Update, Environment Department, World Bank, Dec. 1996, Nr. 17. 11. G.M.Palatnikov, J.W.Bickham, R.Yu.Kasimov, Comparative Analysis of Genotoxic Status of Several Districts of Azerbaijan, Laboratory of Ecological Physiology & Toxicology Institute of Physiology National Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, and Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. 12. Eyyubov A.D. Agroclimatic Zoning of Azerbaijan SSR. Publishes of AS of Azerbaijan SSR. Baku, 1968. 13. Habitat Report: Azerbaijan (Podgotovka Plana Dejstvij po Sokhraneniyu Mestoobitajnij Kaspijskovo Morja). Baku, 2001. 14. M.R.Mansimov, Initial National Communication of Azerbaijan Republic on Climate Change under UNFCCC.Phase II. Baku, 2001 (http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/azenc1add1.pdf0 15. Hajiev, N., L. Huseynova, et al. 2000. Assessment of the Control of Environmental Pollution in Azerbaijan, 2000. 16. Martin, R.; Waste Management in Azerbaijan, 2001, Energy, Ecology, Economy 1 (8–9): 42– 45. 17. Mirza Jamal Javansir. "Qarabag tarixi", Baku,1959. 18. MOHAMMAD A. LATIF, P.E. (Regional Environmental Officer, USAID Europe & Eurasia), Biodiversity Assessment Update, for AZERBAIJAN, May, 2004. 19. Shahmuradova, A., Hepsag, E., Ozkan, A.; Trace Element Concentrations and Assessment of Fluoride Concentration of Ground Waters in Azerbaijan, Research Article, Environmental Engineering Department of Trakya University, Corlu, Turkey, September, 2004. 20. Multi-year Climate Data. Azerbaijan and Dagestan. Leningrad. Hydrometizdat.1985. 21. Alakbarov К.Y. Erosion of Lands in Azerbaijan and the Ways of How to Fight it. Publishes of AS of Azerbaijan SSR. Baku, 1961. 22. The Handbook for the Environmental Impact Assessment Process for Azerbaijan, 1996. 23. Alakbarov К. А. Lands Erosion Map and the Lands Protection.Мoscow, 1980. 24. Agroclimatic Atlas of Azerbaijan Republic. Baku, 1993. 25. Ecological Atlas of Azerbaijan. Baku. 2010. 26. Statistical Data on Azerbaijan Republic. 2009. 27. Eyyubov A.D., Veliyev S.S., Ragimov H.S. Possible Dangerous Consequences of Coincidence of the Climatic Anomalies of Various Genetic Origin. Bulletin of AS of Azerbaijan Republic, Series of earth sciences, 1999. 28. Red Book of Azerbaijan SSR. “Ishig” publishing house. Baku, 1989. 29. Fauna of Azerbaijan. Vertebrates. III issue.. “Elm” publishing house. Baku, 2009. 30. Botany terms and plant names (in Azerbaijani, Russian, English, Latin). Baku, 1981. 9.1 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons- Kurdamir Bibliography 31. Mustafayev G.T. Taxonomic spectrum of Azerbaijan ornitho-fauna. Baku, 2004. 32. Tuayev D.G. A catalogue of Azerbaijan birds. “Elm” publishing house. Baku, 2000. 33. Alekperov A.M. Amphibious and reptiles of Azerbaijan. Publishing house "Elm". Baku, 1976. 34. Fauna of Azerbaijan. Volume II. Type arthropods. Baku, "Elm", 1996. 35. Degradation stages of the Hyrcanian forests in southern Azerbaijan. Tobias Scharnweber, Michael Rietschel & Michael Manthey. Institute of Botany und Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Grimmer Straße 88, D -17487 Greifswald, Germany, 2007. 36. Potential Analysis for Further Nature Conservation in Azerbaijan. A Spatial and Political Investment Strategy. MAVA Foundation, Switzerland, GEOZON SCIENCE MEDIA, Greifswald, 2009. 37. Aliyev S.A.,Gadjiyev T.G., Israfilov D.G. Hydrothermal Map of Azerbaijan, Sc. 1:500 000. Leningrad: GUGK USSR, VSEGEI, 1982.(in Russian). 38. Principal characteristics of fold-mountain hydrogeology. A. V. Kudelsky. (Proceedings of two Lausanne Symposia, August 1990). IAHS Publ. no. 193,1990. 39. Sedimentary basin tectonics from the Black Sea and Caucasus to the Arabian Platform. Starostenko, Marc Sosson, Nuretdin Kaymakci, Randell Stephenson, Françoise Bergerat and Vitaly. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 2010; v. 340; p. 1-10. doi:10.1144/SP340.1. 40. The United Nations University. Geothermal Training Programme Reports 2006, Orkustofnun, Grensásvegur 9, Number 10 IS-108 Reykjavík, Iceland 171. ‘Application of GIS to available information on thermal waters in Azerbaijan Republic and its usefulness for Environmental Assessments’. Irada Ibrahimova Shahmar gyzy. Department of “Health Resort's Study” Scientific Research Institute of Medical Rehabilitation, Ministry of Health, Azerbaijan. 41. Aliyev S.A., Muxtarov A.Sh., Aliyeva Z.A. and Bagirli R.J. Thermal waters of Azerbaijan.//Geology of Azerbaijan. v. 5, Earth Physics. Baku, Naft-Press, 2002, pp.182-186. .(in Russian). 42. Azerbaijan Amelioration and Irrigation Company. Science, Project, Construction and Foreign Relations Division. Asian Development Bank TA 4301-AZE: ‘Supporting River Basin and Flood Management Planning’ Final Report – Appendix. January 2008. 43. Surface water resources of the USSR. Volume 9. Release 1, Transcaucasia. S-Pb: Hydrometeoizdat, 1969, 228 p. 44. Surface water resources of the USSR. Volume 9. Release 1, Transcaucasia. S-Pb: Hydrometeoizdat, 1971, 228 p. 45. Long-term data about a mode and resources of a surface waters. Volume 9. Azerbaijan. . S- Pb: Hydrometeoizdat, 1987, 267 p. 46. Rustamov S. G, Kashkay R.M. Water resources of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic. Elm. Baku: 1989, 181 p. 47. Rustamov S. G, Kashkay R.M. Water balance of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic. Elm. Baku: 1978, 110 p. 48. Rustamov S.G. Rivers of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic and their hydrological features. Baku: Elm, 1960, 196 p. 49. Mansimov M.R. Assessment of climate change impacts on the Kura river basin water resources / International Conference on the Environmental Problems of the Mediterranean Region, 12-15 April, 2002, Near East University, Nicosia: TRNC, p.85. 50. Mansimov M. R, Suleymanov B. A, Ahmedova J. Н, Ahmedova S.A., Change of salt structure of water resources of Kura river basin//, Scientific publication of the Geographical Society of Azerbaijan. Volume 9. Baku: 2004, p. 465-470. 51. United Nations Department of Social and Economic Affairs. 2002. Johannesburg Summit 2002: Azerbaijan Country Profile. New York. 52. USEPA (1997). Part 503: Standard for the Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge,Chapter 40 Code of Federal Regulation. 53. US EPA, (1999). Environmental regulations and technology. Control of pathogens and vector attraction in sewage sludge. Report EPA/625/R-92/013, US EPA, Washington DC. 54. Wilber, D.H., and Clarke, D.G. (2001) Biological effects of suspended sediments: A review of suspended sediment impacts on fish and shellfish with relation to dredging activities in estuaries. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 21(4): 855-875. 55. “Rules for protecting surface water sources form impure water contamination”. State Committee on Environment and Control over Use of Natural Resources. Baku, 1994. 9.2 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons- Kurdamir Bibliography 56. Resolution #206 of the Cabinet of Ministers of Azerbaijan Republic on “Rules for developing and implementing limits for use of water”; October 15, 1998. 57. “Standardizing rules for Use and protection of water sources”, Resolution #2006 of the Cabinet of Ministers of Azerbaijan Republic, October 15, 1988, article 8. 58. “Rules for state registration of noxious substances emitted to atmosphere and negative impacts on it” Resolution #112 of the Cabinet of Ministers of Azerbaijan Republic, July 13, 2002. 59. Resolution #63 of the Cabinet of Ministers of Azerbaijan Republic on “Inventory rules for noxious substances emitted to atmosphere and physical impacts on it”, April 15, 2002. 60. “Developing draft version of MCLNS standards for enterprises applying technical standards and tolerance limits of waste and recommendations on its content”. State Environmental Committee, 1994. 61. “Rules for licensing units refining noxious wastes”. Resolution #112 of the Cabinet of Ministers of Azerbaijan Republic, June 29, 1999. 62. “Rules for transportation of noxious wastes by vehicles”. Resolution #10 of the Cabinet of Ministers of Azerbaijan Republic, January 27, 2000. 63. “Inventory rules for noxious wastes”. Resolution #41 of the Cabinet of Ministers of Azerbaijan Republic, March 31, 2003. 64. State Standard #17.2.1.03-84. Environmental Protection. Atmosphere. Terms and definitions for pollution monitoring. Moscow, 1984. 65. State Standard #3223-85. “Sanitarian standards of allowable levels of noise at work places”, Moscow, 1985. 66. State Standard #27535-87 “Internal and external horns of vehicles. Allowable levels and measuring techniques”, Moscow, 1987. 67. ECS-86 State Committee of Hydrometeorology. Methods for calculating concentration of substances thrown into atmosphere with wastes by enterprises. Hydrometeopress, 1987. 68. State Standard #17.2.3.01-86. Atmosphere. Rules for controlling the air quality in settlements. 1986. 69. Handbook 52.04.52-85. Waste cleanup in bad weather conditions. Hydrometeopress, 1987 70. State Standard #17.2.3.02-78. Environmental Protection. Rules for identifying allowable norms of noxious substances discharged to atmosphere by industrial enterprises. Moscow, 1978. 71. State Standard #12.1.005-88. Labour safety standards system. General sanitaryhygienic requirements for air in work area. Moscow, 1988. 72. Handbook for standardizing concentration of noxious substances discharged to atmosphere and water bodies. State Environmental Committee of USSR. Moscow, 1989. 73. State Standard #17.0.0.04-90. Recommendations for filling and updating environmental passport of an enterprise. State Environmental Committee of USSR. Moscow, 1990. 74. State Standard #17.0.04-90. Environmental Passport. Baku, 1990. 75. Standards for protecting environment and using natural resources efficiently. State Environmental Committee. 1994. 76. State Standard #17.5.1.03-86. Environmental Protection. Soils. Biological recultivation of soils and taxonomy of porous rocks. 77. State Standard #17.5.3.06-85. Environmental Protection. Requirements for norms of removing productive top layer of soil during ground works. 78. State Standard #17.5.1.02-85. Environmental Protection. Taxonomy of soils disturbed for recultivation. 79. State Standard #17.4.3.04-85. Soils. Protecting from pollution and overall monitoring. 80. State Standard #17.5.1.05-85. Environmental Protection. Recultivation of soils. General requirements for soils. 81. SNIP (Construction Norms and Regulations): - For water treatment plants: SNIP 2.04.02-84; State Construction Committee, 1985 - For waste water treatment plants: SNIP 2.04.03-85; State Construction Committee, 1985. 82. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Azerbaijan Republic on approval of norms for maximum concentration limits of dangerous substances in air, soil and surface water bodies. 2000. 83. Law of Azerbaijan Republic on Environmental Education and Propagation. 1999. 84. Law of Azerbaijan Republic on Environmental Protection. 1999. 85. Law of Azerbaijan Republic on Industrial and Domestic Wastes. 1998. 9.3 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons- Kurdamir Bibliography 86. Law of Azerbaijan Republic on Protection of Atmosphere, 2001. 87. Law of Azerbaijan Republic on Radiation Safety of Population, 1997. 88. Law of Azerbaijan Republic on Sanitary-Epidemiological Safety. 1992. 89. Law of Azerbaijan Republic on Specially Protected Natural Habitats and Objects. 2000. 90. Soil Code of Azerbaijan Republic, 1999. 91. A. Ahmedzade, Baku, Azerneshr, 2003, H. Aliyev and Water Use in Azerbaijan. 92. World Bank: 1999. Environmental Assessment. Operational Policy 4.01, and Annexes A, B and C, World Bank: Washington DC. 93. World Bank. 1995. Natural Habitats. Operational Policy 4.04. The World Bank: Washington DC. 94. World Bank. 1994. Environmental Action Plans. Operational Policy 4.02. The World Bank: Washington DC. 95. World Bank. 1999. Environmental Assessment Source Book. The World Bank: Washington DC. 96. World Bank. 1991. Indigenous Peoples. Operational Directive 4.20. The World Bank: Washington DC. 97. World Bank. 1990. Involuntary Resettlement. Operational Directive 4.30. The World Bank: Washington DC. 98. World Bank. Technical Paper. No. 140. The World Bank: Washington DC. 99. World Bank: Management of Cultural Property in Bank-Financed Projects. Operational Policy 11.03. The World Bank: Washington DC. 100. World Bank: Operational Manual, OP 4.11 - Physical Cultural Resources, July, 2006. 101. World Bank: Operational Manual, OP 4.37 – Safety of Dams, October, 2001. 9.4 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir ANNEXE ANNEXE Annex-1 TOR of the EIA and Relevant World Bank Policies Annex-2 Waste Water Effluent Discharge Quality Standards Annex-3 Hydrology, Hydrogeology, Water Quality and Water Balance in the Proposed Catchment and Relevant National / International Standards Annex-4 Minutes of Meetings of Scoping, Statutory, and General Public Consultation Annex-5 Biological Research Report for the Proposed Project Corridor Photos, Site Surveyings, Scoping, and General Public Consultation Annex-6 Activities 1 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Annex-1, TOR of EIA ANNEX-1 1.1 Tor of EIA 1.2 World Bank Operational Policy 4.01 -1- Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Annex-1, TOR of EIA Annex-1.1 Terms of Reference of EIA -2- Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Annex-1, TOR of EIA -3- Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Annex-1, TOR of EIA -4- Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Annex-1, TOR of EIA -5- Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Annex-1, TOR of EIA -6- Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Annex-1, TOR of EIA Annex-1.2 World Bank Operational Policy 4.01 -7- Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Annex-1, TOR of EIA Operational Manual OP 4.01 - Environmental Assessment These policies were prepared for use by World Bank staff and are not necessarily a complete treatment of the subject. OP 4.01 January, 1999 This Operational Policy statement was updated in March 2007 to reflect issuance of OP/BP 8.00, Rapid Response to Crises and Emergencies, dated March 2007. Previously revised in August 2004 to ensure consistency with the requirements of OP/BP8.60, issued in August 2004. These changes may be viewed here Note: OP and BP 4.01 together replace OMS 2.36, Environmental Aspects of Bank Work; OD 4.00, Annex A, Environmental Assessment; OD 4.00, Annex B, Environmental Policy for Dam and Reservoir Projects; OD 4.01, Environmental Assessment; and the following Operational Memoranda: Environmental Assessments: Instructions to Staff on the Handling of the Borrower's Consultations with Affected Groups and Relevant Local NGOs, 4/10/90; Environmental Assessments: Instructions to Staff on the Release of Environmental Assessments to Executive Directors, 11/21/90; and Release of Environmental Assessments to Executive Directors, 2/20/91. Additional information related to these statements is provided in the Environmental Assessment Sourcebook (Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1991) and subsequent updates available from the Environment Sector Board, and in the Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook. Other Bank statements that relate to the environment include OP/BP 4.02, Environmental Action Plans; OP/BP 4.04, Natural Habitats; OP 4.07, Water Resources Management; OP 4.09, Pest Management; OP/BP 4.10, Indigenous Peoples; OP/BP 4.11, Physical Cultural Resources; OP/BP 4.12, Involuntary Resettlement; OP/BP 4.36, Forests; and OP/BP 10.04, Economic Evaluation of Investment Operations. These OP and BP apply to all projects for which a PID is first issued after March 1, 1999. Questions may be addressed to the Chair, Environment Sector Board. 1. The Bank1 requires environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed for Bank financing to help ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus to improve decision making. 2. EA is a process whose breadth, depth, and type of analysis depend on the nature, scale, and potential environmental impact of the proposed project. EA evaluates a project's potential environmental risks and impacts in its area of influence;2 examines project alternatives; identifies ways of improving project selection, siting, planning, design, and implementation by preventing, minimizing, mitigating, or compensating for adverse environmental impacts and enhancing positive impacts; and includes the process of mitigating and managing adverse environmental impacts throughout project implementation. The Bank favors preventive measures over mitigatory or compensatory measures, whenever feasible. 3. EA takes into account the natural environment (air, water, and land); human health and safety; social aspects (involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples, and physical cultural resources);3 and transboundary and global environmental aspects.4 EA considers natural and social aspects in an integrated way. It also takes into account the variations in project and country conditions; the findings of country environmental studies; national environmental action plans; the country's overall policy framework, national legislation, and institutional capabilities related to the environment and social aspects; and obligations of the country, pertaining to project activities, under relevant international environmental treaties and agreements. The Bank does not finance project activities that would contravene such country obligations, as identified during the EA. EA is initiated as early as possible in project processing and is integrated closely with the economic, financial, institutional, social, and technical analyses of a proposed project. 4. The borrower is responsible for carrying out the EA. For Category A projects,5 the borrower retains independent EA experts not affiliated with the project to carry out the EA.6 For Category A projects that are highly risky or contentious or that involve serious and multidimensional environmental concerns, the borrower should normally also engage an advisory panel of independent, internationally recognized environmental specialists to advise on all aspects of the project relevant to the EA.7 The role of the advisory panel depends on the degree to which project preparation has progressed, and on the extent and quality of any EA work completed, at the time the Bank begins to consider the project. 5. The Bank advises the borrower on the Bank's EA requirements. The Bank reviews the findings and recommendations of the EA to determine whether they provide an adequate basis for processing the project for Bank financing. When the borrower has completed or partially completed EA work prior to the Bank's involvement in a project, the Bank reviews the EA to ensure its- 8 - consistency with this policy. The Bank Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Annex-1, TOR of EIA may, if appropriate, require additional EA work, including public consultation and disclosure. 6. The Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook describes pollution prevention and abatement measures and emission levels that are normally acceptable to the Bank. However, taking into account borrower country legislation and local conditions, the EA may recommend alternative emission levels and approaches to pollution prevention and abatement for the project. The EA report must provide full and detailed justification for the levels and approaches chosen for the particular project or site. EIA Instruments 7. Depending on the project, a range of instruments can be used to satisfy the Bank's EA requirement: environmental impact assessment (EIA), regional or sectoral EA, environmental audit, hazard or risk assessment, and environmental management plan (EMP).8 EA applies one or more of these instruments, or elements of them, as appropriate. When the project is likely to have sectoral or regional impacts, sectoral or regional EA is required.9 Environmental Screening 8. The Bank undertakes environmental screening of each proposed project to determine the appropriate extent and type of EA. The Bank classifies the proposed project into one of four categories, depending on the type, location, sensitivity, and scale of the project and the nature and magnitude of its potential environmental impacts. a) Category A: A proposed project is classified as Category A if it is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive,10 diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. EA for a Category A project examines the project's potential negative and positive environmental impacts, compares them with those of feasible alternatives (including the 'without project' situation), and recommends any measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental performance. For a Category A project, the borrower is responsible for preparing a report, normally an EIA (or a suitably comprehensive regional or sectoral EA) that includes, as necessary, elements of the other instruments referred to in para. 7. b) (b) Category B: A proposed project is classified as Category B if its potential adverse environmental impacts on human populations or environmentally important areas-- including wetlands, forests, grasslands, and other natural habitats--are less adverse than those of Category A projects. These impacts are site-specific; few if any of them are irreversible; and in most cases mitigatory measures can be designed more readily than for Category A projects. The scope of EA for a Category B project may vary from project to project, but it is narrower than that of Category A EA. Like Category A EA, it examines the project's potential negative and positive environmental impacts and recommends any measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental performance. The findings and results of Category B EA are described in the project documentation (Project Appraisal Document and Project Information Document).11 c) (c) Category C: A proposed project is classified as Category C if it is likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. Beyond screening, no further EA action is required for a Category C project. d) (d) Category FI: A proposed project is classified as Category FI if it involves investment of Bank funds through a financial intermediary, in subprojects that may result in adverse environmental impacts. EA for Special Project Types Sector Investment Lending 9. For sector investment loans (SILs),12 during the preparation of each proposed subproject, the project coordinating entity or implementing institution carries out appropriate EA according to country requirements- 9 - and the requirements of this policy.13 The Bank appraises and, if necessary, includes in the SIL Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Annex-1, TOR of EIA components to strengthen, the capabilities of the coordinating entity or the implementing institution to (a) screen subprojects, (b) obtain the necessary expertise to carry out EA, (c) review all findings and results of EA for individual subprojects, (d) ensure implementation of mitigation measures (including, where applicable, an EMP), and (e) monitor environmental conditions during project implementation.14 If the Bank is not satisfied that adequate capacity exists for carrying out EA, all Category A subprojects and, as appropriate, Category B subprojects--including any EA reports--are subject to prior review and approval by the Bank. Financial Intermediary Lending 10. For a financial intermediary (FI) operation, the Bank requires that each FI screen proposed subprojects and ensure that subborrowers carry out appropriate EA for each subproject. Before approving a subproject, the FI verifies (through its own staff, outside experts, or existing environmental institutions) that the subproject meets the environmental requirements of appropriate national and local authorities and is consistent with this OP and other applicable environmental policies of the Bank.15 11. In appraising a proposed FI operation, the Bank reviews the adequacy of country environmental requirements relevant to the project and the proposed EA arrangements for subprojects, including the mechanisms and responsibilities for environmental screening and review of EA results. When necessary, the Bank ensures that the project includes components to strengthen such EA arrangements. For FI operations expected to have Category A subprojects, prior to the Bank's appraisal each identified participating FI provides to the Bank a written assessment of the institutional mechanisms (including, as necessary, identification of measures to strengthen capacity) for its subproject EA work.16 If the Bank is not satisfied that adequate capacity exists for carrying out EA, all Category A subprojects and, as appropriate, Category B subprojects--including EA reports--are subject to prior review and approval by the Bank.17 Emergency Operations Under OP 8.00 12. The policy set out in OP 4.01 normally applies to emergency operations processed under OP/BP 8.00, Rapid Response to Crises and Emergencies. However, when compliance with any requirement of this policy would prevent the effective and timely achievement of the objectives of an emergency operation, the Bank may exempt the project from such a requirement. The justification for any such exemption is recorded in the loan documents. In all cases, however, the Bank requires at a minimum that (a) the extent to which the emergency was precipitated or exacerbated by inappropriate environmental practices be determined as part of the preparation of such projects, and (b) any necessary corrective measures be built into either the emergency operation or a future lending operation. Institutional Capacity 13. When the borrower has inadequate legal or technical capacity to carry out key EA-related functions (such as review of EA, environmental monitoring, inspections, or management of mitigatory measures) for a proposed project, the project includes components to strengthen that capacity. Public Consultation 14. For all Category A and B projects proposed for IBRD or IDA financing, during the EA process, the borrower consults project-affected groups and local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) about the project's environmental aspects and takes their views into account.18 The borrower initiates such consultations as early as possible. For Category A projects, the borrower consults these groups at least twice: (a) shortly after environmental screening and before the terms of reference for the EA are finalized; and (b) once a draft EA report is prepared. In addition, the borrower consults with such groups throughout project implementation as necessary to address EA-related issues that affect them.19 - 10 - Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Annex-1, TOR of EIA Disclosure 15. For meaningful consultations between the borrower and project-affected groups and local NGOs on all Category A and B projects proposed for IBRD or IDA financing, the borrower provides relevant material in a timely manner prior to consultation and in a form and language that are understandable and accessible to the groups being consulted. 16. For a Category A project, the borrower provides for the initial consultation a summary of the proposed project's objectives, description, and potential impacts; for consultation after the draft EA report is prepared, the borrower provides a summary of the EA's conclusions. In addition, for a Category A project, the borrower makes the draft EA report available at a public place accessible to project-affected groups and local NGOs. For SILs and FI operations, the borrower/FI ensures that EA reports for Category A subprojects are made available in a public place accessible to affected groups and local NGOs. 17. Any separate Category B report for a project proposed for IDA financing is made available to project-affected groups and local NGOs. Public availability in the borrowing country and official receipt by the Bank of Category A reports for projects proposed for IBRD or IDA financing, and of any Category B EA report for projects proposed for IDA funding, are prerequisites to Bank appraisal of these projects. 18. Once the borrower officially transmits the Category A EA report to the Bank, the Bank distributes the summary (in English) to the executive directors (EDs) and makes the report available through its InfoShop. Once the borrower officially transmits any separate Category B EA report to the Bank, the Bank makes it available through its InfoShop.20 If the borrower objects to the Bank's releasing an EA report through the World Bank InfoShop, Bank staff (a) do not continue processing an IDA project, or (b) for an IBRD project, submit the issue of further processing to the EDs. 19. During project implementation, the borrower reports on (a) compliance with measures agreed with the Bank on the basis of the findings and results of the EA, including implementation of any EMP, as set out in the project documents; (b) the status of mitigatory measures; and (c) the findings of monitoring programs. The Bank bases supervision of the project's environmental aspects on the findings and recommendations of the EA, including measures set out in the legal agreements, any EMP, and other project documents.21 1. 'Bank' includes IBRD and IDA; 'EA' refers to the entire process set out in OP/BP 4.01; 'loans' includes IDA credits and IDA grants; 'borrower' includes, for guarantee operations, a private or public project sponsor receiving from another financial institution a loan guaranteed by the Bank; and 'project' covers all operations financed by Bank loans or guarantees except development policy lending (for which the environmental provisions are set out in OP/BP8.60, Development Policy Lending), and also includes projects under adaptable lending-adaptable program loans (APLs) and learning and innovation loans (LILs)- and projects and components funded under the Global Environment Facility. The project is described in Schedule 2 to the Loan/Credit Agreement. This policy applies to all components of the project, regardless of the source of financing 2. For definitions, see Annex A. The area of influence for any project is determined with the advice of environmental specialists and set out in the EA terms of reference. 3. See OP/BP 4.12, Involuntary Resettlement; OP/BP 4.10, Indigenous Peoples; and OP/BP 4.11, Physical Cultural Resources. 4. Global environmental issues include climate change, ozone-depleting substances, pollution of international waters, and adverse impacts on biodiversity. 5. For screening, see para. 8. 6. EA is closely integrated with the project's economic, financial, institutional, social, and technical analyses to ensure that (a) environmental considerations are given adequate weight in project selection, siting, and design decisions; and (b) EA does not delay project processing. However, the borrower ensures that when individuals or entities are engaged to carry out EA activities, any conflict of interest is avoided. For example, when an independent EA is required, it is not carried out by the consultants hired to prepare the engineering design. 7. The panel (which is different from the dam safety panel required under OP/BP 4.37, Safety of Dams) advises the borrower specifically on the following aspects: (a) the terms of reference for the EA, (b) key issues and methods for preparing the EA, (c) recommendations and findings of the EA, (d) implementation of the EA's recommendations, and (e) development of environmental management capacity. - 11 - Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Annex-1, TOR of EIA 8. These terms are defined in Annex A. 9. Annexes Guidance on the use of sectoral and regional EA is available in EA Sourcebook Updates 4 and 15. 10. A potential impact is considered 'sensitive' if it may be irreversible (e.g., lead to loss of a major natural habitat) or raise issues covered by OP 4.04, Natural Habitats; OP/BP 4.10, Indigenous Peoples; OP/BP 4.11, Physical Cultural Resources or OP 4.12, Involuntary Resettlement. 11. When the screening process determines, or national legislation requires, that any of the environmental issues identified warrant special attention, the findings and results of Category B EA may be set out in a separate report. Depending on the type of project and the nature and magnitude of the impacts, this report may include, for example, a limited environmental impact assessment, an environmental mitigation or management plan, an environmental audit, or a hazard assessment. For Category B projects that are not in environmentally sensitive areas and that present well-defined and well-understood issues of narrow scope, the Bank may accept alternative approaches for meeting EA requirements: for example, environmentally sound design criteria, siting criteria, or pollution standards for small-scale industrial plants or rural works; environmentally sound siting criteria, construction standards, or inspection procedures for housing projects; or environmentally sound operating procedures for road rehabilitation projects. 12. SILs normally involve the preparation and implementation of annual investment plans or subprojects as time slice activities over the course of the project. 13. In addition, if there are sectorwide issues that cannot be addressed through individual subproject EAs (and particularly if the SIL is likely to include Category A subprojects), the borrower may be required to carry out sectoral EA before the Bank appraises the SIL. 14. Where, pursuant to regulatory requirements or contractual arrangements acceptable to the Bank, any of these review functions are carried out by an entity other than the coordinating entity or implementing institution, the Bank appraises such alternative arrangements; however, the borrower/coordinating entity/implementing institution remains ultimately responsible for ensuring that subprojects meet Bank requirements. 15. The requirements for FI operations are derived from the EA process and are consistent with the provisions of para. 6 of this OP. The EA process takes into account the type of finance being considered, the nature and scale of anticipated subprojects, and the environmental requirements of the jurisdiction in which subprojects will be located. 16. Any FI included in the project after appraisal complies with the same requirement as a condition of its participation. 17. The criteria for prior review of Category B subprojects, which are based on such factors as type or size of the subproject and the EA capacity of the financial intermediary, are set out in the legal agreements for the project. 18. For the Bank's approach to NGOs, see GP 14.70, Involving Nongovernmental Organizations in Bank-Supported Activities. 19. For projects with major social components, consultations are also required by other Bank policies--for example, OP/BP 4.10, Indigenous Peoples, and OP/BP 4.12, Involuntary Resettlement. 20. For a further discussion of the Bank's disclosure procedures, see The World Bank Policy on Disclosure of Information. Specific requirements for disclosure of resettlement plans and indigenous peoples development plans are set out in OP/BP 4.10, Indigenous Peoples, and OP/BP 4.12, Involuntary Resettlement. 21. See OP/BP 13.05, Project Supervision. Annex A - Definitions Annex B - Content of an Environmental Assessment Report for a Category A Project Annex C - Environmental Management Plan - 12 - Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Wastewater Effluent Discharge Quality Standards ANNEX-2 ANNEX-2 Waste Water Effluent Discharge Quality Standards 1 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Wastewater Effluent Discharge Quality Standards ANNEX-2 Table 1: EU Council Directive 97/271/EC (UWWTP Directive) Parameters Maximum Effluent Concentration BOD5 - Biochemical Oxygen Demand 25 mg /l COD – Chemical Oxygen Demand 125 mg / l TSS – Total Suspended Solids 35 mg /l TN- Total Nitrogene 15 mg / l TP – Total Phosphorus 2 mg / l Table 2: Comparison of Effluent Discharge Quality Standards (National and EU) Parameters AZERBAIJAN EU Wastewater Effluent Social and Discharge Quality Sanitary Needs Standards pH - - Chemical oxygen demand, mgO/l - 125 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), mg/l >3.0-6.0 25 Total Suspended solids, mg/l - 35 Ammonia (N-NH4), mgN/l 2 Nitrite (NO2), mg/l 1 Nitrate (N03), mg/l 1 Nitrogen, Total as N, mg/l - 10 (>100,000 pe) Nitrogen, Total as N, mg/l - 15 (10 000-100,000 pe) -3 Phosphate (P04 ), mg/l - Phosphorus, Total as P, mg/l 1 1 (>100,000 pe) Phosphorus, Total as P, mg/l - 2 (10,000-100,000 pe) Suspended matter 0.75 Dissolved oxygen >4 0 Oil products 0.3 Phenol 0.001 Iron 0,5 Copper 1 Zink 1 Chrome+3 0.5 Chrome+6 0.1 Nickel 0.1 Cobalt 0.1 Lead 0.03 Mercury 0.0005 Molybdenum 0.25 2 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Wastewater Effluent Discharge Quality Standards ANNEX-2 Table 3: Microbiological and parasitological indications of waste water quality, relevant for irrigation Admissible Composition in 1 Indicators cubic decimeter Number of LPB (lactose positive bacillus) <10000 Pathogenic microorganisms Absence Viable eggs of geohelminths, ascarid, whipworm, hookworm <1 Viable eggs of biohelminths (oncosphere, heniide, eggs of <1 liver fluke) Viable cyst of intestinal pathogenic protozoa (cyst of <1 lamblias, Balantidium, oocyst, cryptosporidium) 3 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Final EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Water Quality and Water Balance in the Raw Water Catchment ANNEX-3 ANNEX-3 Hydrology, Hydrogeology, Water Quality and Water Balance in the Proposed Catchment And Relevant National / International Standards 1 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Final_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Final EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Water Quality and Water Balance in the Raw Water Catchment ANNEX-3 Table of Contents Overview ……………………………………………………………………………………………... 3 1 Topography of the Proposed Catchment Area …………………………………………… 3 2 Water Quality in the Proposed Water Source……………………………………………. 3 2.1 Water Quality Assessment………….........................……………………………………………............ 5 3 Hydrogeology in the Proposed Catchment Area………………………………………….. 6 3.1 Hydrology in the Proposed Catchment ………………………………………………………………….. 7 3.2 Water Balance in the Proposed Catchment ……………………………………………………………… 8 4 National / International Drinking Water Quality Standards ……………………………. 12 List of Tables Table 1 Test Results of FS Consultant’s Water Sampling Campaign performed by the Girdimanchay river sub-surface water ……………………………………………………… 3 Table 2 Kulullu HIGD monthly flow rates measured between 2005 – 2010 ……………………… 10 Table 3 Comparative Table of National and International Drinking Water Standards …..……… 12 Table 4 EU Council Directive 98/83/EC .....................................………………………………….. 13 Table 5 Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MAC) in Drinking Water (National) ………………. 14 List of Figures The Girdmanchay River. Dynamics of salt composition of river waters (- dry Figure 1 remainder, - Cl, - SO4), source ………………………………………………………………. 6 Figure 2 Accumulative Flood Plain of Girdimanchay river …………………………………………. 9 2 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Final_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Final EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Water Quality and Water Balance in the Raw Water Catchment ANNEX-3 Overview The water balance calculation and water quality are very important matters in the water resource management. The water balance includes two parameters: input and output parameters. The input parameter is consisted from surface recharge (precipitation, irrigation return water, surfaces runoff recharge) and under ground inflow (flow from adjacent aquifers). The area of the Project corridor is located in the middle part of Shirvan lowland, including the settled area of Kurdamir city and surroundings. The Project corridor also has a narrow strip extending to WTP site and Catchment area northernly. The artificial irrigation network is spread around the Project corridor. There is no river which passes from the city and its adjacent area. A branch of Girdimanchay river travels northsouthernly in a distance of 10 km in the east, and Kur river travels 20 km in the south westeasternly. Although, the lowland is rich in respect of the groundwater, the shallow unconfined aquifers under most of Shirvan lowland are subjected to natural contamination in the form of salinization. The sub-surface lateral water abstraction (from the area of existing HIGD on the course of the flood plain of Girdimanchay river nearby Kulullu village in Agsu rayon ) has been selected and assessed for raw water capture by the Feasibility study team in consultation with the AWM OJSC and relevant Public Utility Departments of the rayon. The Feasibility Consultant and Beneficiary (AWM OJSC) envisage the re-construction of the existing HIGD structures. According to the Feasibility Consultant, the reconstruction of these structures will include the construction of the new horizontal collector and collection wells in the same site as the old one. 1. Topography of the Proposed Catchment Area The existing HIGD in the Kulullu valley is located at about 170 - 175 masl. The width of the Girdimanchay river’s flow channels vary between 8-35 m in this section, and its flood plains’ width is approximately 2000-2500 m. See Figure 2. 2. Water Quality of the Proposed Water Source A water sampling campaign conducted by the Feasibility Consultant with the the HIGD’s infiltrated water samples has been completed in March 10, 2011. A water quality assessment regarding the Girdimanchay sub-surface lateral water according to the results obtained from the Feasibility Consultant, is given below. The water samples have been tested by Azecolab Company registered in Azerbaijan, and the results are in the following table; Table 1: Test Results of FS Consultant’s Water Sampling Campaign performed by the Girdimanchay river sub-surface water Standards Test Parameters Unit Gost EU 98 WHO USEPA Result 2874-82 Microbial Parameters Escheria Coli c/100 ml 0/250 ml - 0 - 0 Coliform Pathogens c/100 ml 0/100 ml - 3 - 6 3 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Final_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Final EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Water Quality and Water Balance in the Raw Water Catchment ANNEX-3 Enterococci c/100 ml 0/250 ml - - - 10 Pseudomonas Aeruginosa c/100 ml 0/250 ml - - - 35 Clostridium Perfringens c/100 ml 0/100 ml - - - 0 0 Colony Count at 22 c/1 ml 100 ml - 100 - 10 0 Colony Count at 36 c/1 ml 20 ml - - - 7 Organoleptic Parameters no Acceptable Odor ton abnormal to consumer 2 3 1 change no Dillution Acceptable Taste abnormal to consumer 2 3 1 number change no Acceptable Turbidity NTU abnormal to consumer 1.5 4 <1 change no Acceptable Acceptable Suspended Solids mg/l abnormal to consumer 1.5 to consumer <1 change Physical and chemical parameters no Acceptable Colour mg/lPt/Co abnormal to consumer 20 15 <5 change 0 Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Electrical conductivity - 25 uS/cm 2500 to consumer to consumer to consumer 959 Acceptable 0 Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Oxydation - 25 mV to to consumer to consumer to consumer 195 consumer 0 pH – 25 6.5 – 9.5 6–9 6.5 – 8.5 7.41 Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Dissolved oxygene - DO mg/l to to consumer to consumer to consumer 8.68 consumer Acceptable Acceptable 3 Acceptable Hardness as CaCO3 mgCaCO3/ to to consumer 7 mol/m to consumer 438 consumer Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Alkalinity as CaCO3 mgCaCO3/ to to consumer to consumer to consumer 134 consumer Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Brom mg/l to to consumer to consumer to consumer <0.05 consumer Major Anions Acceptable Chloride mg/l 250 to consumer 350 250 9.5 Acceptable Sulphate mg/l 250 to consumer 500 250 286 Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Bicarbonate – HCO3 mg/l to to consumer to consumer to consumer 163 consumer Acceptable Acceptable Nitrite – NO2 mg/l 0.5 to consumer to consumer 1 0.010 Acceptable Nitrate – NO3 mg/l 50 to consumer 45 10 4.5 Acceptable Fluoride -F mg/l 1.5 to consumer 0.7 4.0 0.28 Acceptable Acceptable Free Cyanide -Cn mg/l 0.05 to consumer to consumer 0.2 <0.005 Major Cations Acceptable Acceptable Natrium - Na mg/l 200 to consumer to consumer 200 46 Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Kalium - K mg/l to to consumer to consumer to consumer 2 consumer Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Calcium - Ca mg/l to to consumer to consumer to consumer 79 consumer Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Magnesium - Mg mg/l to to consumer to consumer to consumer 38 consumer Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Ammonium – NH4 mg/l 0.5 to consumer to consumer to consumer <0.02 Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Bor - B mg/l 1.0 to consumer to consumer to consumer 0.29 Radioactive isotops Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Radium 226 Bq/l to to consumer to consumer 180 <0.41 consumer Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Radium 228 Bq/l to to consumer to consumer 180 <0.29 consumer Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Lead - Pb Bq/l to to consumer to consumer to consumer <2.7 consumer 4 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Final_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Final EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Water Quality and Water Balance in the Raw Water Catchment ANNEX-3 Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Tritium Bq/l 100 to consumer to consumer to consumer <1 Heavy Metals Aluminum - Al µg/l 200 200 500 50 0.49 Arsenic - As µg/l 10 10 50 10 0.14 Chrome - Cr µg/l 50 50 500 100 0.19 Nickel - Ni µg/l 20 20 100 100 0.09 Selenium - Se µg/l 10 10 10 50 4.06 Mercury - Hg µg/l 1 1 1 2 <0.2 Antimony - Sb µg/l 5 5 6 0.04 No Iron – Fe (total) µg/l 200 guideline 300 300 9.6 Manganese - Mn µg/l 50 50 100 50 <0.3 Copper - Cu µg/l 2000 2000 1000 1300 0.07 Cadmium - Cd µg/l 5 3 1 5 <0.01 Lead - Pb µg/l 10 10 30 15 <0.01 Source : Water quality test report, Lankaran Region, Qrunt Geo Ltd. Azecolab, Sept 27, 2010 : Exceedance Parameters. 2.1 Water Quality Assessment Mainly, the aim of the water sampling campaigns and testing processes are to determine the nature and the impact of pollution on the water quality of proposed water source. According to reports of above mentioned Study Group, water samples have generally been collected in good quality polyethylene bottles of 0.33 liter capacity. Sampling has been carried out directly without adding any preservatives in clean bottles to avoid any contamination and brought to the laboratory. No parameter has been determined at the site with the help of digital portable water analyzer kits, and measured in situ by the practitioner of the groups. Water Quality of Vileshchay Sub-Surface Lateral Water The pH value of the sample is 7.41. No increase is noticed in the pH which can result from the dissolution of limestone grounds. According to the potability standards of natural water (7.2 – 7.6), the pH value of the samples is not alkaline in nature. According to test results, the color of the samples is <5, and turbidity is <1. TSS value is <1 in the Girdimanchay sub-surface lateral water. The measured value of mg CaCO3/l in the samples is 438, and it corresponds to the “ very hard” class water. Appropriate hardness for drinking water is 75-100 mg CaCO3/l. The sample tested has the value (0.0096 mg/l) of Iron, and (<0.0003 mg/l) of Manganese that these values are below the standards prescribed by Gost and EU 98. The sample tested has the value of Nitrite (0.0010), Nitrate (4.5), and Sulphate (286). Detected Nitrite and Nitrate values of the samples are well below the prescribed standards by Gost, EU 98, and WHO. Although, detected value of Sulphate in the raw water is below the prescribed standards by Gost and WHO, it is quite high according to the limit prescribed by EU 98. The high sulphate content in water causes the corrosion in the network. This issue should be taken into account when the treatment train is designed. Detected value of Chloride in the Girdimanchay river lateral water is 9.5 mg/l, and this value well below the standards prescribed by the relevant standards, and therefore, no impact exists on the desirability of water. The most distinctive indicator of the fecal originated pollution is existence of the Escherichia Coli in the raw water. Coliform test is carried out for investigation of the Escherichia Coli which is found in large intestine of the humans and other mammals proves existence of the whole aerobic gram-positive and nonsporing bacillus, including the ones originated from different originated and even out of fecal sources. 5 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Final_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Final EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Water Quality and Water Balance in the Raw Water Catchment ANNEX-3 Numbers of colony per each ml at 22OC temperature is counted as 10, and as 7 at 36OC temperature. Number of Enterococi per each 250 ml is 10, and Escheria coli per each 250 ml is 0 in the raw water. Number of Coliform Pathogenes per each 100 ml is 6, and Clostridium Perfiringens per each 100 ml is 0. The above results show that the Girdimanchay sub-surface lateral water is contaminated by the Enterococs and other microbial indicators because of grazing activities in the region. According to the test results performed on the samples, no exceedance of the heavy metal concentrations, such as copper, lead, iron, manganese, mercury, arsenic, aluminium, cadmium, etc. occur in the Girdimanchay river sub-surface lateral water samples. 3. Hydrogeology in the Proposed Catchment Area The theoretical concepts of classical hydrogeology which result from the experience obtained in this field of science in the eighteenth-nineteenth centuries in pre-Alpine countries, considered mountainous structures including fold-mountain ones as areas of "catchment" and "pressure creation" for water bearing horizons of the entire sedimentary rock profile of adjacent hydrogeological basins. Mollaisaqli, Kulullu valleys and popular settling cones of Girdimanchay takes large territory. The sediments in Kulullu valley the third period especially paleogene, and neogene, are enriched by the combinations with sulphate, yarizite, iron and manganese. The yearly amount of carried salts from the Great Caucasus to the area by Girdimanchay river is 0.06 million tons, including 0.03 million tons harmful salt (Abduyev, 2006). Hydrocarbonate (HCO3) and Sulphate (SO4) anions prevail in the composition of river’s water. There is less Calcium (Ca) cation, lesser Chlorine (Cl), Sodium (Na) and Magnesium (Mg) ions. Prevailing of Sulphate ion in river water is connected of sulphate and sulphide sediments (pirit, yarozit, gypsum etc.), having taken by them in their origins. According to hydro-geological information, a subsoil flow from the Great Caucasus towards the Shirvan plain also exists. The following Figure shows the dynamics of salt composition of river waters (- dry remainder, - Cl, - SO4). Figure 1; The Girdmanchay River. Dynamics of salt composition of river waters (- dry remainder, - Cl, - SO4), source; Abduyev, 2006. During the strong rains, the salts in the foothill zone sediments are being washed and carried to the plain part by the Girdimanchay river’s waters. The unconfined aquifer of the river valley mixes with the shallow aquifers beneath the Shirvan lowland. In fact, in the area, where the subsoil waters locate in 6 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Final_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Final EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Water Quality and Water Balance in the Raw Water Catchment ANNEX-3 the depth of 1,5-3 m, they rise to the surface of the soil by capillary pipes and subject firm evaporation. The under ground waters show the low velocity between the the sediments and sedimentary rocks stratification, and the filtration rate sharply decreases in a direction perpendicular to this stratification. . Filtration coefficient of the aquiferous sediments range from 0.1-0.5 m/day (in the periphery of debris cone) to 25-48 m/day (at the top part of the debris cone). The depth of the groundwater table changes as the terrain descend, ranging from 60-80m at the top of the debris cone to several centimeters in the thinning and discharge zone. The water table usually intersects the surface and swamps in this flood plain, and the ground water returns to the surface in the wet seasons like springs. However, outflows in deep layers this unconfined aquifer toward adjacent aquifers southernly and southeasternly can likely ocur. Areas where groundwater reaches the surface (streams and swamps) are called discharge areas, because the water is discharged from the saturated zone. Generally, recharge areas are greater than discharge areas in this zone. The directions of movement of under ground waters in this zone are considered to be centrifugal relative to percolating the water in the saturated zone through the interconnected pore spaces, moving downward by the force of gravity, and upward toward zones of lower pressure. Along with this, the washing out down to the basement and homogeneity of the hydrogeochemical profile represented mainly by fresh waters are attributed to the latters. Such ideas neglecting frequent and widely known shows of mineral and thermal waters, the presence of oilgas fields in the profiles of intramountain depressions and on subsided fold-mountain depressions and on subsided fold-mountain megastructures disoriented for many decades. The development of theoretical hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry did not promote the elaboration of rational water supply systems on the territory of mountainous countries and foothills. Deposits in the central parts of even very large and low raised anticlines, which are exposed by erosion, are often washed out. 3.1 Hydrology on the Proposed Catchment The Girdimanchay river flows southernly through Agsu and Ismailli rayons. The mountainous streams in the sloping plains have provided rocks and pebbles in the soil. The catchment area is located in Kulullu valley at the southeastern part of the Garamaryam plateu. The plateu is rifted southernly by Goychay and Girdimanchay river valleys. The upper and lower part of the Kulullu valley (south part of Girdimanchay river valley) is formed of crusty lawn which is going on by the participation of river’s surface waters and in some places, by subsoil waters. The structure of the land is heap-like or heap-nut-like. The main layer of these lands also consists of prolluvial-alluvial heaps. The amount of humus in the land is high. As it is known, the chemical composition of the Girdimanchay flood plain area and subsoil waters are closely connected with the chemical composition of high mountain part surrounding of that place. Girdimachay River Girdimanchay is sourced from the south declivities of Babadag mountain (2900 masl) of Great Caucasus range. The river runs about 30-35 km below Agsu town. It junks with Agsu river by artificial channel to enable flow into Kur river. The total area of its basin is 727 square km. The basin is covered by 64 square km woodland. The length of the river is approximately 50 km, and it is fed mostly by storm water (90 – 95 %). The average inclination of river is 32 percent, and the density of river network is 0,48 km per square km. The water regime of the river is characterized by overflow in spring and floods in autumn. Flood flows are a frequent occasion in Girdimanchay river. The spring overflow covers March-May months. The dry seasons are July and August. Autumn floods usually take place in September – October. Winter water shortages are observed during November – February. 7 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Final_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Final EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Water Quality and Water Balance in the Raw Water Catchment ANNEX-3 The river belongs to the group of rivers, flowing at full under the influence of snow and rainfalls in spring and autumn. Girdimanchay River Surface Water Quality Girdimanchay river surface water at the intersection of Agsu – Qazakh road is periodically tested by AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan since 2004. The test results obtained at this level can be patterned for assessments in respect of the regional similarities. The analysis performed on the Girdimanchay water show that the BOD5 levels vary between the 0.8 mg/l and 4.22 mg/l, and COD levels vary between 3.6 mg/l and 8.86 mg/l. The average mineralization levels can raise up to 812 mg/l. The river’s surface water contains no heavy metal concentrations. However, sulphate content is varies between 105 and 889 mg/l. 3.2. Water Balance in the Proposed Catchment The area of catchment in question is a spread accumulative basin located in the low levels of Kullulu valley, and its flood plains are fanned out. However, the Kulullu valley and flood plains become a narrow flow channel between the slight ridges 5 km south of catchment area toward Arabmehdibey village. The river channel is arranged as a drainage collector after these ridges namely Girdiman Collector, and joins Agsu collector at the eastern part of rayon area. This basin is regularly fed by the Girdimanchay upstreams, precipitations, and surface run-offs from the crop canopies at the banks of the river. See Figure 2. The water-bearing horizons of alluvial deposits of river valleys play an important part in the water supply system. Mountain streams fed from the numerous springs and seasonal floods are segregated into the channel unit with distinct stream bed and stream water slopes which vary on the spatial scale of 1 to 200-400 channel widths along the Girdimanchay streams in this flood plain. Water levels in the aquifer rise relatively rapid during the wet season and decline gradually under the influence of natural outflow over the following dry season. Consequently, yield from groundwater is particularly sensitive to quantity and regularity of recharge. Aquifer recharge is notoriously difficult to estimate accurately, although this is often conveniently ignored in groundwater modelling exercises; calibration is usually then undertaken by changing values of transmission and storage parameters and assuming recharge values are correct and not in need of adjustment. The spring overflow covers March and May months in the basin. The dry seasons are July and August. Autumn floods usually take place in September and October. Winter water shortages are observed from November to February. Significant capacity reserves of under ground waters is also a characteristic feature of accumulative basin of the alluvial deposits of this section of Girdimanchay river valley. Their replenishment during floods being proportional to the decrease during low waters. The seasonal replenishment of water- bearing horizons of alluvial deposits due to the flow water infiltration makes it possible to use the under ground waters "for decrease" to the extent exceeding the flow (dynamic) and statistical reserves of the horizons. 8 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Final_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Final EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Water Quality and Water Balance in the Raw Water Catchment ANNEX-3 Figure 2: Accumulative Flood Plain of Girdimanchay river Water Balance There is an existing Horizontal Infiltration Gallery Diversion (HIGD) Unit in the proposed catchment area, supplying the drinkable water to the city. The existing HIGDU was constructed in 1953, and is currently in use. The existing HIGD collects the sub-surface lateral water from the alluvial deposits of the aquifer beneath the flow plain of the river. The usable groundwater for the proposed Project is in this unconfined aquifer above the relatively water-resisting underlying deposits, and approximately 2000 - 2500 m in width. Sub-surface lateral water is typically ignored and grossly misinterpreted in the interpretation of the water balance. It is common to evaluate the groundwater gradients in the aquifer above the clay zone and find that water moved from upslope water districts into the district area evaluated. Similarly, water will exit the boundary of the district area and travel to the next downstream district. The rayon SuKanal Department reports that the flow rates of this HIGD are routinely measured on the outlet of its collection well. Average Daily raw water expolitation capacity of this facility is approximately 175 l/s. However, water wastage and leakages from the collection well and tranmission main are huge due to old and dispersed connections of the components of the facility. See Table-3. Although the measured daily water exploitation capacity of the existing HIGD is agreed approximately 175 l/s, obtaining this volume of raw water has not been possible according to past experience. In addition, their collection wells suffer extensive leakages due to their obsolete and dilapidated structures, and therefore, none of them can provide the sufficient raw water according to their engineered capacities. 9 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Final_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Final EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Water Quality and Water Balance in the Raw Water Catchment ANNEX-3 Table 2: Kulullu HIGD monthly flow rates measured between 2005 – 2010 2005 2006 2007 Amount of Total Total Amount of Total Amount of water measured in measured in water measured in Months water supplied supplied to the collection 3 the collection supplied 3 to the collection 3 3 to the city, m 3 the city, m 3 the city, m well outlet-m well outlet-m well outlet-m 1 January 56400,00 451200,00 56120,00 482632,00 66356,00 497670,00 2 February 56800,00 465760,00 55860,00 474810,00 65842,00 490522,90 3 March 55432,00 443456,00 56800,00 482800,00 64356,00 469798,80 4 April 55321,00 437035,90 55678,00 464911,30 66050,00 495375,00 5 May 54890,00 444609,00 55630,00 461729,00 66231,00 490109,40 6 Jun 53680,00 418704,00 52460,00 430172,00 61560,00 449388,00 7 July 52987,00 423896,00 51890,00 415120,00 60480,00 423360,00 8 August 52600,00 415540,00 53600,00 423440,00 58641,00 416351,10 9 September 55640,00 422864,00 54210,00 433680,00 60458,00 441343,40 10 October 56210,00 449680,00 54800,00 443880,00 62358,00 455213,40 11 November 56350,00 456435,00 55300,00 442400,00 61850,00 463875,00 12 December 56402,00 462496,40 55623,00 456108,60 65890,00 500764,00 Total 662712,00 5291676,30 657971,00 5411682,90 760072,00 5593771,00 Monthly Mean 3 Values, m 55226,00 440973,03 54830,92 450973,58 63339,33 466147,58 Daily Mean Values, l/s 21,31 170,13 21,15 173,99 24,44 179,84 2008 2009 2010 Amount of Total Total Amount of Total Amount of water measured in measured in water measured in Months supplied to the collection water supplied the collection supplied to the collection 3 3 3 to the city, m 3 3 3 the city, m well outlet-m well outlet-m the city, m well outlet-m 1 January 64924,00 473945,20 64532,00 471083,60 65954,00 481464,20 2 February 63031,00 460126,30 64657,00 478461,80 65231,00 476186,30 3 March 62123,00 465922,50 63851,00 453342,10 63123,00 473422,50 4 April 60354,00 446619,60 61258,00 477812,40 62254,00 485581,20 5 May 59020,00 448552,00 61005,00 457537,50 62023,00 483779,40 6 Jun 59023,00 430867,90 61687,00 437977,70 61586,00 455736,40 7 July 58910,00 427686,60 58569,00 421696,80 59145,00 431758,50 8 August 58329,00 414135,90 58678,00 428349,40 59156,00 431838,80 9 September 60587,00 460461,20 60406,00 453045,00 60890,00 456675,00 10 October 61256,00 447168,80 62357,00 461441,80 61843,00 463822,50 11 November 64980,00 506844,00 64560,00 474516,00 66890,00 508364,00 12 December 65830,00 493725,00 65802,00 493515,00 66232,00 490116,80 Total 738367,00 5476055,00 747362,00 5508779,10 755327,00 5638745,60 Monthly Mean 3 61650,00 456337,92 62280,00 459064,93 62860,00 469895,47 Values, m Daily Mean 23,79 176,06 24,03 177,11 24,25 181,29 Values, l/s Source: Rayon SuKanal Department. The present Daily average amount of the raw water exploited from existing HIGD is approximately 176.40 l/s according to the above measurement results. 10 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Final_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Final EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Water Quality and Water Balance in the Raw Water Catchment ANNEX-3 Kurdamir city’s daily raw water demand, including the villages to be concluded to the water supply scheme, is approximately 139.81 l/s. Hourly peak demand, water loss during the cleaning cycle, wastages and leakages are concluded to this volume, see Chapter 2, Table 2,6 and 2,7. Since the new HIGD with similar size to the old ones will be constructed in the same site, this operation will disturb neither the river’s ecological environment nor natural flow of the river in the long run. 11 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Final_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Final EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Water Quality and Water Balance in the Raw Water Catchment ANNEX-3 4. National / International Drinking Water Quality Standards Table 3: Comparative Table of National and International Drinking Water Standards Azerbaijan Environmental Parameter WHO US EPA EC (SanPin,GO ST) Inorganic components, mg/dm3 Ammonium, (N-NH4+), 1.5 - 0.54 - Chlorine: 0.5-5.0- - - 0.3-0.5 -Residual free 0.8-1.2 -Residual connected Nitrates (NO3) 50.0 44.01 50.03 45.0 Nitrites (NO2) 3.0 3.31 0.53 3.0 Sulfates (SO4) 250.0 250.02 250.04 500.0 H2S 0.05 - - 0.03 AL 0.2 0.22 0.24 0.5 AL 0.2 0.22 0.24 0.5 Ba 0.7 2.01 0.16 0.1 Be - 0.0041 - 0.0002 B 0.3 - 1.03 0.5 V - - - 0.1 Bi - - - 0.1 W - - - 0.05 Eu - - - 0.3 Fe 0.3 0.32 0.24 0.3 Cd 0.003 0.0051 0.0053 0.001 K - - 12.05 - Ca - - 100.06 - Co - - - 0.1 Si - - - 10.0 Li - - - 0.03 Mg - - 50.05 - Mn 0.5 (0.1) 0.052 0.054 0.1 Cu 2.0 (1.0) 1.02-1.31 2.03 1.0 Mo 0.07 - - 0.25 As 0.01 0.051 0.013 0.05 Na 200.0 - 200.04 200.0 Ni 0.02 - 0.023 0.1 Nb - - - 0.01 Hg 0.001 0.0021 0.0013 0.0005 Rb - - - 0.1 Sm - - - 0.024 Pb 0.01 0.015 0.01 0.03 Se 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.01 Ag - 0.12 0.015 0.05 H2S 0.05 - - 0.03 Sr - - - 7.0 Sb 0.005 0.006 0.005 0.05 Tl - 0.002 - 0.0001 Te - - - 0.01 P - - - 0.0001 F 1.5 2.0-4.0 1.5 1.5 Chlorine: -Residual free 0.5-5.0- - - 0.3-0.5 -Residual connected 0.8-1.2 Cl-) 250.0 250.0 250.0 350.0 Cr3+ - - 0.5 0.1 Cr6+ 0.05 0.05 0.05 CN 0.07 0.2 0.05 0.035 Zn 3.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Organic components, ug/dm3 chlorinated alkanes carbon tetrachloride 2 5 - 6 12 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Final_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Final EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Water Quality and Water Balance in the Raw Water Catchment ANNEX-3 Azerbaijan Environmental Parameter WHO US EPA EC (SanPin,GO ST) dichloromethane 20 5 - 7.5 1,2- dichloroethane 30 5 3 - chlorinated ethylene vinyl ehloride 5 5 0.5 50 1,1-dichloroethylene 30 7 - - 1,2-dichloroethylene 50 170 - - trichloroethylene 70 5 10 - tetrachloroethylene 40 5 10 - aromatic hydrocarbons benzol 10 5 - 10 toluol 700 1000 - 500 xylene 500 10000 - 50 ethylbenzene 300 700 - 10 styrene 20 100 - 100 polycyclik aromatic - - 0.1 - hydrocarbons benzpyrene 0.7 0.2 0.01 0–5 Benzpyrene benzol Mono chlorbenzene 300 100 - 20 1,2- dichlorobenzene 1000 600 - 2 1,4- dichlorobenzene 300 - - - Trichlorbenzol 20 70 - 30 Next compo acrolein - - - 20 Di (2-ethylhexyl)adipate 80 400 - - Di (methyleptyl)ftalaat 8 6 - - acrylamide 0.5 - - 10 epichlorhydrin 0.4 - 0.1 10 hexachlorobutadiene 0.6 - 10 hexachlorochiklopendadiene - 50 1 EDTA 200 - - Nitrilotriacetic acid 200 - - Surface active ubstances - - 500 (SSAS) Source: EIA report for NWSSP, Azersu, Feb. 2008, Baku. Table 4: EU Council Directive 98/83/EC Parameters-Drinking Water Council Directive 98/83/EC Aluminum ( only if used as flocculants ) 0,2 mg /lit Ammonium 0,5 mg / lit Color Record observation Clostridium perfiringens ( including spores ) 0 per 250 ml ( only if water originates from or is influenced by surface water) Escherichia coli 0 per 250 ml Hydrogen ion concentration 6-9 Iron 0,2 mg /l ( only if used as flocculants) Nitrite 0,5 mg /l ( only when chloramination is used as a disinfectant) Odour Record observation Taste Record observation 13 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Final_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Final EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Water Quality and Water Balance in the Raw Water Catchment ANNEX-3 Table 5: Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MAC) in Drinking Water (National) Maximum Limits No Substances (mg/l) O 1 Smell at 20 C temperature <2 threshold odor number 2 Color <20 color units 3 Turbidity <1.5 NTU 4 pH 6-9 5 HCO3- >3 6 Ca2+ 180 7 Mg2+ 40 8 Na+ 170 9 Polyphosphate residual (PO4-) 3.5 10 Hardness 7 mg-eqv. 11 Mineralization <1000 (1500) 12 Total Dissolved Solids 1,000 13 N2O5 29 14 NO2 traces 15 NH4 traces 16 NO3 10 17 Cl- (chlorine) 25-50 18 Cl2 (chloride) 350 2- 19 SO4 100 2+ 3+ 20 both iron oxides Fe and Fe 0.3 21 total content of Fe+ and Mn 0.5-1.0 22 Oxidation O2 2.5-3 KMnO4 10 23 Pb (lead) 0.03 24 As (arsenic) 0.05 25 Cu (copper) 1.0 26 F- (fluoride) 1.5 27 Al (aluminum) 0.5 28 Be (beryllium) 0.0002 29 Mo (molybdenum) 0.25 30 Se (selenium) 0.001 31 Sr (strontium) 7.0 32 Zn (zinc) 5.0 33 H2S 0.0 34 Hg, Ba, hexavalent Cl and other poison contaminations 0.0 O 3 35 TVC@ 37 C 100 in 1 cm 36 Total Coliforms in 1000 ml water (E coli-index) (MPN) 3 Source: Maximum Allowable Concentrations, GOST 2874-8, MOH Note : There are some exclusions for drought regions: content of total dissolved solids can be up to 2,500-3,000 mg/l; Cl2 up 2- to 400-800 mg/l; SO4 up to 1,000-1,500 mg/l; and general water hardness up to 21-40 mg·eqv. 14 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Final_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Final EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Water Quality and Water Balance in the Raw Water Catchment ANNEX-3 15 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Final_EIA_Report, Kurdamir SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir ANNEX-4 Minutes of Meetings of Scoping Consultations Session I, Session II, & Minutes of Meeting of General Public Consultation Meeting (Session III) Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir Minutes of Meeting Session I for Scoping the EIA Date: September 17, 2010 Agreement: EIA studies for 6 rayons (Imishli, Kurdamir, Ujar, Zardab, Dashkasan and Gadabay) Project :EIA Studies in 12 Rayons ( Imishli, Kurdamir, Ujar, Zardab, Lankaran, Masalli, Astara, Jalilabad, Yardimli, Lerik, Dashkasan and Gadabay) of Azerbaijan for water supply and sanitation systems, Second National Water Supply and Sanitation Project ( SNWSSP), Phase II Consultant : Aim Texas Trading LLC Subject :Consultations Process with Community Sessıon :1 Issues in agenda :2 Articles 1. Draw up an Environmental Checklist by the Consultant, 2. Public Review Process for Scoping the EIA, Venue :Conference Hall of REP, Ujar city, Azerbaijan This meeting was held in accordance with Task 6 of the ToR signed in September 3, 2010 between the Amelioration and Water Management Open Joint Stock Company (the Client) and Aim Texas Trading LLC (the Consultant). Environmental Specialist of the SNWSSP, Mr. Panah Abdullayev, while opening ceremony, provided detailed information about the Project, and informed on the works to be carried out with regard the improvement of water supply and reconstruction of waste water systems to be implemented in 4 central Azerbaijan rayons (Imishli, Kurdamir, Ujar, Zardab), two western rayons (Dashkasan and Gadabay), and 6 southern rayons (Lankaran, Astara, Lerik, Yardimli, Masalli, and Jalilabad). P. Abdullayev introduced Mr. Abdurrahim Tan, Senior Environmental Specialist and Team Leader of AIM Texas Trading LLC, who will prepare the Environmental Impact Assessment Reports (EIARs) for 12 rayons of Azerbaijan. Mr. Abdurrahim Tan, Senior Environmental Specialist and Team Leader of AIM Texas Trading LLC, informed the participants on the main issues of EIA process, relevant environmental procedures to be implemented during the project, and specifically on the ambient air quality, and noise effects of the construction activities. He stated that this studies will contain the comprehensive information regarding the mitigation measures to avoid the negative impacts to be occured on the cultural and archeological sites within the project corridor referring to certain examples. Mr. Tan noted that the specialists (representatives) of the company will arrange the scoping consultation meetings with the Rayon Public Utility Departments (RPUDs), other intrested NGOs (specifically Water User Associations), individuals from the general public, even businessmen, housevives, farmers, an/or villagers. he was representing would have separate meetings with the community, population, relevant state and non-governmental organizations, activists of Water Users Associations in every mentioned rayon. The Team 1 Leader informed the participants that their opinions, suggestions and claims would be used while drafting the Final Report, and therefore asked the latter to be more active in providing their thoughts and suggestions. The speaker also stated that the monitoring should be carried out not only during the construction period, and also it should continue during the operation period. The main objective of this study is to provide the site-specific environmental rules and regulations to be applied for the duration of the project, to minimize the negative effects of the activities on the human and natural environment. And, the questions of the participants of the meeting were replied. Q: Rustam Valiyev, Head of Rayon Irrigation Department, Imishli Rayon: - I want to know that the construction activities whether cause excessive noise and emission during the construction. Actually, excess noise and emission can cause a negative effect on the activities in the school, day care, and the patients hospitalized in the hospitals and medical facilities. A: A. Tan, EIA Team Leader - Sr. Environmental Specialist: - The negative effects of the excess noise and emission to be generated by the empowered construction machinaries of Contractor(s) will comprehesively be assessed in the EIA report being studied. The Environmental Mitigation/Management (EMMP) and Monitoring (EMP) plans will dictate that the contractor(s) will be primed, prior to commence of the project, on all mitigation measures and prescribed national/international standards to be comformed during the construction. The contractor(s) shall require to prepare and submit an environmental management plan together with his own policies for approval of Employer (AWM OJSC of Azerbaijan). Additionally, the activities of the contractor during the construction phase will be checked and auditied by the representative of AWM OJSC (ECO) and supervisory engineer in respect of all environmental aspects. If a failure occurs to comply with the EMMP and EMP, the ECO shall order the contractor to suspend part, or all the works. The suspension will be enforced until such time as the offending party(ies), procedure or equipment is corrected and/or remedial measures put in place if required. No extension of time will be granted for such delays and all cost will be borne by the contractor. One of the possible consequences of this is the removal of a contractor and/or equipment from the workplace and/or the termination of the contract. Q: Fizuli Hasasnov, Head of Rayon SuKanal Department, Dashkasan Rayon: - Dashkasan rayon has a harshy continental climate, and all water pipes are freezed and cracked in winter. Will the mitigation measures be recommended in the EIA or EMMP taking into account of this situation? A: P. Abdullayev, Representative of AWM OJSC, Environmental Specialist: - The freezing level in Dashkasan rayon is 0.80 m. Therefore, the underground distribution pipes will be buried in 0.90 m below ground after heating insulation layer to prevent the freezing of the pipes. Q: Sabuhi Huseynov, Head of ‘’Qulaband WUA, Local NGO, Ujar Rayon: - The rayons in scope of this project are presented with one or two representatives in this meeting. The noteworthy opinions or recommendations would be put forward, if the meetings 2 would be conducted individually in each rayon. Will you set a schedule to arrange the separate meetings in each rayon with the rayon’s RPUDs, Local NGOs and general public? A: A. Tan, EIA Team Leader - Sr. Environmental Specialist: -Of course. We will have at least two separate meetings in each rayon. This meeting is an initial information meeting on the project and environmental issues and negative or positive effects of the project. This meeting has been conducted as the first stage of the EIA consultation process. Two of the consequences of this meeting will be conducted for each rayon. Second and third stages will continue in each prospective rayon in accordance with the schedule of consultation process approved by AWM OJSC. In addition, a road side consultation with the general public will be conducted in each prospective rayon. Q: Samir Aliyev, Head of Rayon SuKanal Department, Zardab Rayon: -Zardab rayon centre suffers from the old and dilapidated sewage system. The reason of the cycle of disease transfer in the rayon is the unhygienic sewage system. Will the sewage lines and control manholes of the system be designed as much as possible comply with the modern engineering practices? Will the sewage water be disposed to the water bodies without treatment as the present condition? A: P. Abdullayev, Representative of AWM OJSC, Environmental Specialist: -No sewage will be disposed to the water bodies without treatment. A state-of-the-art waste water treatment plant will be constructed in a distance of at least 750 m to the nearest residential, institutional and /or commercial buildings. The quality of the treated waste water to be discharged to a water body will be tested routinely with the certified and calibrated equipments in the laboratory, which will be constructed in the WWTP site. After the questions and answers session, the participants were distributed draft environmental checklist drawn by the Consultant, and the method of their filling was explained. It was decided to fill the questionarries and submit to Project officials after a few days. Date: September 17, 2010 Fuad Dergahli _________________________________________________________________________________ (Secretary of the meeting) 3 # Name of the Representing entity Contact details Participant 1 Pənah Abdullayev Environmental Specialist of the 050 373 75 51 SNWSSP from AWM OJSC 2 Abdurrahim Tan Senior Environmental Specialist 050 331 23 59 and Team Leader of AIM Texas Trading LLC 3 Fuad Dərgahlı Public Awareness Specialist, from 055 657 42 70 Environmental Consultant, Aim Texas Trading LLC 4 Enver Safarzada Environmental Specialist, Site 055 779 02 07 Team Leader, from Environmental Consultant, Aim Texas Trading LLC 5 Nurmammad Tagiyev Deputy Governor of Ujar Rayon 050 353 76 58 6 Vusal Rahmanov Representative of MENR, Branch 050 538 46 49 number 6 7 Hamid Rahimov Head Engineer, Irrigation 050 350 67 30 Department of Ujar rayon 8 Vaqif Abıshov Engineer, Irrigation Department of 051 843 72 01 Ujar rayon 9 Sabuhi Huseynov Head of Qulaband WUA, Ujar 050 763 10 80 rayon, Local NGO 10 Sabuhi Valiyev Chief Editor, Ujar ‘’Yeni Soz) 050 405 03 87 Newspaper 11 Arif Abıshov Head Irrigation Department (RID) 050 323 74 76 of Imishli Rayon 12 Rustam Valiyev Head of Amelioration Department 050 624 76 18 of Imishli RID. 13 Vuqar Mammadov Head of Ujar Rayon Department of 050 349 43 65 State Land and Cartography Committee of Azerbaijan 14 Navashir Bashirov Representative of MENR, Branch 050 344 15 95 number 7, Imishli Rayon 15 Samir Aliyev Head of SuKanal department of 051 836 32 46 Zardab Rayon 16 Ziyad Xancamov Eng. Topography, Rayon Irrigation 050 319 79 36 Department of Zardab 17 Mehman Ismayilov Head of Zardab Rayon Department 055 671 71 61 of State Land and Cartography 050 785 86 86 Committee of Azerbaijan 18 Rauf Ismayılov Head of Water User Department of 050 339 45 59 RID of Kurdamir rayon 19 Ramiz Qahramanov Head Eng. Rayon SuKanal 050 581 62 81 department of Kurdamir rayon 20 Allahverdi Head of Specialists of Kurdamir 050 668 46 94 Allahverdiyev Rayon Department of State Land and Cartography Committee of 4 Azerbaijan 21 Namiz Rustamov Head of Consultants of REP of 050 646 05 62 Zardab rayon 22 Ramiz Muradov Head of Malikli WUA, Zardab 050 396 19 61 rayon, Local NGO 23 Alikishi Maharramov Head of Korpukend WUA, Zardab, 050 430 54 93 Local NGO 24 Huseyn Rahmanov Head of Biragrikend WUA, 050 406 41 68 Zardab, Local NGO 25 Ibrahim Eyvazov Head of Qoruqbagi WUA, Zardab, 050 722 71 10 Local 26 Fizuli Hasanov Head of SuKanal Department of 050 634 37 48 Dashkasan rayon 0216 5 50 49 27 Mushfiq Alakbarov Director of Rayon Department of 070 245 01 93 Red Crescent Association “Qızıl 0216 5 48 39 Aypara” of Azerbaijan, National NGO 28 Shahbaz Bayramov Head of SuKanal department of 050 330 55 84 Gadabay rayon 29 Novruz Mursalov Head of ‘’ Qoshabulag ‘’ Credit 050 807 66 00 Union, Gadabay, Local NGO 5 6 7 8 9 10 Session II for Scoping the EIA Date: November 10, 2010 Project :EIA Studies in 12 Rayons ( Imishli, Kurdamir, Ujar, Zardab, Lankaran, Masalli, Astara, Jalilabad, Yardimli, Lerik, Dashkasan and Gadabay) of Azerbaijan for water supply and sanitation systems, Second National Water Supply and Sanitation Project ( SNWSSP), Phase II Consultant : Aim Texas Trading LLC Subject :Public Consultations Process Sessıon :2 Issues in agenda :3 Articles 1. Discussion of environmental problems informed during the meeting held in Ujar city Executive Power held in September 17, 2010. 2. Questions & Answers on Environmental issues. 3. Technical scope of EIA Study Venue :Conference Hall of the Executive Power of Kurdamir rayon, Kurdamir city, Azerbaijan Scoping Consultation on TOR/EIA Stage2, for Kurdamir Rayon Several potential items are taken into account in the second stage of EIA consultations. Meetings were held with the representatives of Kurdamir rayon “Su Kanal” Department, head of rayon Hygiene and Epidemiology Center, head of rayon Power Distribution Network, deputy chief doctor of Kurdamir rayon Central Hospital, head of rayon Teleccomunication Network and etc., including representatives of local Non-Governmental Organisations (head of rayon Women Solidarity Society (Sevil), Youth Association of Kurdamir, head of Kurdamir branch of Intellectual Society of Azerbaijan). Besides, road-side consultations were held with the people from the city, to get their opinions on the existing WSS systems and the proposed Project. Evaluation has been divided into long list and short list evaluations. Review target, review area, potential points and evaluation framework are as follows. The evaluation framework (Short list of Environmental Checklist) was determined in accordance with the Draft Environmental Checklist disseminated in stakeholder meeting for 6 rayons (Ujar, Kurdamir, Zardab, Imishli, Dashkasan and Gadabay) conducted in Ujar city at September 17, 2010. The evaluation results were discussed in this stakeholder meeting. Long List  Target: Second National Water Supply and Sanitation Project, Phase II.  Review Area: Kurdamir rayon  Way of Consultation: Meeting and Questionnaries with stakeholders and intrested parties.  Venue of Activity: Conference Hall of Rayon Executive Power, Kurdamir city, Azerbaijan  Date of Activities : November 10, 2010 Initial Evaluation of the Environmental Impacts Impact Levels Less Than Ite Potentiall Significant Less m Impacts y with Than No No Significa Mitigation Significa Impact nt Impact incorporate nt Impact d 1    Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 1 Aesthetics  2 Agricultural Resources   3 Air Quality  Terrestrial  4 Biological Aquatic  5 Cultural Resources  6 Geology and Soils  Hazards and Vectors  7 Hazardous Contamina  Materials tion Hydrology and Water 8  Quality 9 Land Use and Planning  10 Mineral Resources  11 Noise  12 Population and Housing  13 Public Services  14 Recreation  15 Transportation and Traffic  16 Systems’ Utilities  Inital Project Evaluation It has been envisaged to supply drinking water to Kurdamir city including the villages on the course of the treated water transmission main, from horizontal infilration gallery diversion unit to be constructed at the southern part of Kulullu valley in the accumulative flood plain of Girdimanchay river. As required by EIA regulations, the main alternatives are described in Chapter 2 (Project Description) of EIA Report according to the information obtained from Project Feasibility Study Team and AWM OJSC. Technical Scope of the EIA The discussions on the ToR of EIA revealed the following range of environmental issues and they should be addressed as the part of EIA. For the purposes of this EIA Study, the following list of issues has been refined and adapted with reference to this EIA process: 1. Land Use and Planning (construction camp, soil erosion, soil contamination and surface run-off), 2. Solid Waste, Hazardous Waste Disposal, 3. Water Resources, 4. Ambient Air Quality, Dust and Odor, 5. Noise, 6. Temporary Traffic Management, 7. Ecological Environment (vegetation, terrestrial wildlife, aquatic biology and fisheries), 8. Cultural Environment, 9. Systems’ Utilities, Question and answer session followed. 2    Questions and Answers; Question – Faik Mammadov (Chief Editor of Kurdamir Newspaper): - Less than half of the householders in the city have customer connection to the existing centeralized water supply system. We would like to know that the new WS system will supply the water to all city or only to old customers (subscribers). Answer – Anvar Safarzadeh (Environmental specialist of AIM Texas Trading LLC): - All houses and apartments in the city, including in the half of Atakishili and Xirdapay villages, will have customer connections both to Water Supply and sewage collection system within this Project. Besides, villages located on the course of the treated water transmission main will be provided by drinkable water. Question – Mohubbet Ibrahimov (head of House Exploitation Department): - A part of the raw water transmission main will travel on the flood plain of Girdimanchay river from the new HIGDU to the old crusher plant at the upper levels of Arapmehdibeyli village. Will the proposed construction activities on this section degrade the natural environment of the river’s riparian? Will protection measures take place during the construction period? Answer – Anvar Safarzadeh (Environmental specialist of AIM Texas Trading LLC): - The new HIGDU and the raw water transmission main will be aligned with the old ones. These structures have total 100 m Rights of Ways (RoW) according to the centerline of the old pipeline and 200 m according to the center lines of the horizontal collectors. New HIGD and the pipeline will be constructed at the same site that they locate within the same RoW. Because of this reason, no additional land is required for construction of the new HIGD and the pipeline, and therefore, the new construction activities will no longer disturbe the flood plain and its riparian communities. Question – Ilgar Salmanov (representative of REP of Kurdamir rayon): - Altough the raw water to be abstracted by HIGDU will be naturally infiltrated, it should be treated and disinfected with a proper method. What do you think about this issue? Answer – Fuad Dargahli (Public Awareness Specialist of AIM Texas Trading LLC): - A multiple treatment barier system WTP will be constructed at the upper levels of Arapmehdibey village on the rayon SuKanal site. The required treatment train will be envisaged in accordance with the test results to be conducted on the water samples of the proposed catchment. Question – Talib Mammadov (Head of Rayon Irrigation Department): - In case the lines are constructed through the private lands or agricultural lots, will they be compensated? Answer – Anvar Safarzadeh (Environmental specialist of AIM Texas Trading LLC): - I would like to inform you, if the private lands and/or amenities are affected from the construction activities, the losses of the individuals will be compensated according to Project Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) to be prepared specific for this project. Question – Qariphan Safarov (Deputy Mayor of Kurdamir Municipality): - Water shortage in the city has been observed for several years. This problem increases year by year. If, only, old pipes in the network are to be rehabilitated during the construction works, then how would it contribute to solution of water problem? Answer – Fuad Dargahli (Public Awareness Specialist of AİM Texas Trading LLC): - New water pipelines will be constructed on the same alignment of the old ones. But, they will be completely new and will conform to the modern engineering standards. In addition, the whole obsolete 3    water supply and sewerage systems will be constructed newly instead of the old ones, and projection of the systems will be 20 years of horizon. In line with all said, Kurdamir population welcomes the construction of new water supply and sanitation lines (taking into account the mitigation of some potential dangers and expectations as mentioned above) and realize the noise emerging from the use of machinery, excavation of roads and etc during the construction as temporary disturbance. Date: November 10, 2010 __________________________________________________ _Fuad Dargahli (Assistant and secretary of meeting) 4    Attendants # Name of Attendants Representing Entity Contact Details 1 Fuad Dargahlı Public Awareness Specialist, from 055 657 42 70 Environmental Consultant for Aim Texas Trading LLC 2 Anvər Safarzade Environmental Specialist, Site Team Leader, 055 779 02 07 from Environmental Consultant for Aim Texas Trading LLC 3 Arzu Shahbazov Deputy Governor 0145 6 64 02 4 Faiq Mammadov Chief Editor “Kurdamir” Newspaper 055 777 60 21 0145 5 40 40 5 Huseyn Rustamov Businessman - Head of “Kurdamir 050 462 36 11 Avtonaqliyyat” JSC 6 Tariyel Karimov Head of Rayon SuKanal Department 0145 6 61 89 7 Zahid Ahmadov Chief of Doctors of Rayon Central Hospital 050 352 38 06 8 Ilgar Ahmadov Director of rayon Hygiene Department 050 401 10 60 9 Orxan Mammadov Deputy Director of rayon Natural Gas 050 234 74 37 department 10 Adbulrahman Umudov Director of rayon Natural Gas department 070 255 70 70 11 Qaribhan Safarov Deputy Mayor of Kurdamir Municipality 050 467 83 70 12 Farhad Ahmadov Engineer in rayon Electric Department 050 382 55 92 13 Talib Mammadov Head of Rayon Irrigation Department 0145 6 63 23 14 Mohubbat Ibrahimov Head of Rayon House Exploitation 050 370 84 10 Department 15 Ilgar Salmanov Representative of REP 050 530 70 71 16 Qubat Ahadov Chief Eng. Rayon Telecommunication 050 411 59 80 Department 17 Sarif Asgarov Director of Rayon Urban Development and 050 050 406 02 24 Architecture Committee 18 Nasiba Hidayatova Director of Creativity Center of Rayon for 050 662 24 74 Juveniles 19 Kimiya Ismayilova Director of Day Care Number 3 051 856 56 86 20 Sudaba Abdullayeva Methodist – Official in Rayon Education 050 719 14 03 Department 21 Ayşan Aliyeva Director of Day Care Number 9 050 371 60 58 22 Oqtay Babayev Head of Kurdamir rayon branch of 0145 5 34 85 Intellectual Society of Azerbaijan, Local NGO 23 Elmira Suleymanova Head of Kurdamir branch of Women 050 646 68 70 Solidarity Society (Sevil) of Azerbaijan, Local NGO 24 Rashadat Xalafov Head of rayon Youth Association 050 363 34 71                 5            6              7    Session III General Public Consultation Meeting for EIA Process in Kurdamir Rayon Date: May 05, 2011 Project :EIA Studies in 12 Rayons ( Imishli, Kurdamir, Ujar, Zardab, Lankaran, Masalli, Astara, Jalilabad, Yardimli, Lerik, Dashkasan and Gadabay) of Azerbaijan for water supply and sanitation systems, Second National Water Supply and Sanitation Project ( SNWSSP), Phase II Consultant : Aim Texas Trading LLC Subject : Consultation Process with Community Sessıon :3 Issues in agenda :5 Articles 1. Presentation of the Proposed Project 2. Technical Scope of the Project 3. Discussions on the Environmental Impacts of the Project during Construction 4. Discussions on the proposed Mitigation Measures 5. Question and Answer Session Venue : Conference Hall of REP of Kurdamir rayon, Kurdamir city, Azerbaijan The meeting was opened by Mr. Arzu Shahbazov, Deputy Governor of Kurdamir rayon. Mr. Shahbazov gave a short information about the purpose of the meeting, and he encouraged the participants that they can bring their concerns or ask their questions on the Project and/or Project related activities to be performed. Then the representative of AWM OJSC Mr. Qaybulla Aydın, Water and Sanitation system engineer, gave a short explanation on the scope of the Project. He also explained the Project background and the role of AWM OJSC in course of the Project shortly. Then the Consultant’s representative Mr. Abdurrahim Tan, Sr. Environmental Specialist and Team Leader of the Consultant’s EIA Team, stated that this meeting is the public hearing for the Project’s EIA process, and so that explaining their opinions about the Project or asking a question for their concerns about the Project related activities from the perspective of environmental and social impacts or benefits would be a very useful practice for EIA process. Please be sure that all concerns voiced by the participants will be taken into consideration or handled on the course of the Project, if it is relevant. Question and answer session followed. Questions and Answers; Question – Mikayilov Sahib Ali, Resident (Teacher, Middle School number 6): - The old WWTP is located in the south part of the city among the residential districts. Will the new plant be constructed in the same site as the old one or in another place? If another place will be chosen, then, where will it be built and how will it be operated? Answer – Mr. Tan (EIA Team Leader of Consultant): - The new WWTP will be constructed on a public easement located in a distance of approximately 1.75 km far from the city easternly along Baku – Tbilisi Road. The plant will operate on the mechanical-biological treatment principles. These principles are known as ‘extended aeration- - activated sludge technology’. Therefore, there will be no chemical treatment. Question – Seyidov Mircafar Agaseyid, Resident (Pensioner): - How will the collecting money according to water be settled? Has the price been specified yet? Answer – Mr. Tan (EIA Team Leader of Consultant): - Not yet. However, the price of a cubic meter drinking water will be decided by the Azerbaijan Tariff Council. Question – Huseyn Rustamov, Resident, Businessman: - When is it envisaged for the project to start and finish? Answer – Mr. Tan (EIA Team Leader of Consultant): - The project is envisaged to start around the summer months of 2011, and finish around the end of the second quarter of 2013. - Question – Talibova Gultekin, Resident (Poets Association, Local NGO): - Thank you very much. Building this system will pose a great positive effect on the future of our children. How the quality of the distributed water be supervised? Answer – Mr. Tan (EIA Team Leader of Consultant): - The treated water will be analysed everyday by the laboratory on the area of the plant, distributed to the consumer after it has gone through chloramination for microbial cleansing, and continually supervised by checking the chlorine disinfection on varios points of the piped network. Question – Mammadov Elman, Resident: - How much drinking water will be provided per person in scope of this project? Answer – Mr. Tan (EIA Team Leader of Consultant): - It is envisaged that drinking water of 150 lt/day is to be provided per person. This will be the net amount. The wastes during the cleaning cycles and losses during the conveyance will be calculated additionally. Question – Mammadov Inqilab, Resident (Pensioner): - Will the sufficient water release be provided for 7 days and 24 hours to all customers once this project is completed? - Answer – Mr. Tan (EIA Team Leader of Consultant): - Yes, storage capacities of the pressure zones’ water reservoirs are calculated according to the daily drinkable water demand of the whole city. Question – Novruzova Bina, Resident: - Will the existing sewage lines be renewed or rehabilitated? Answer – Mr. Tan (EIA Team Leader of Consultant): - All existing sewage lines including the lateral mains will be renewed. According to comprehensive investigations on the existing network, it is observed that the rehabilitation is not possible. Conclusion: In line with all said, Kurdamir’s people welcomed the construction of new water supply and sanitation systems taking into account the mitigation measures for some potential negative impacts, and the noise which will be emerged from the use of machinery, excavation of roads and, etc. during the construction as temporary disturbance. May 05, 2011 __________________________________________________ _Qasimov Nasir (Attendant and Meeting Secretery) Attendants # Name Organization Phone Number 1 Arzu Shahbazov Deputy Governor of Kurdamir Rayon 0145 6 64 02 2 Abdurrahim Tan EIA Team Leader of Environmental 050 331 2359 Consultant, Aim Texas Trading LLC 3 Qasimov Nasir Meeting secretary and member of 055 593 9303 Consultant’s public Awareness team 4 Rzayev Asadulla Resident 050 458 6447 050 432 5256 5 Mikayılov Sahib Resident, Teacher in Middle school # 9 050 424 1223 6 Aqayev Alifaqa Resident 7 Huseyn Rustemov Resident, Businessman 462 3611 8 Hadjiyev Vaqif Resident, Museum 462 1282 9 Hasilov Rays Resident, Poet Association, Local NGO 5 3333 10 Seyidov Mirdjafar Resident 662 2410 11 Balayev Seyfeddin 050 545 7956 12 Asgerov Arif Resident 050 373 1193 13 Mammadov İnqilab Resident, Pensioner 050 333 7910 14 Babayev Djumshud Resident 050 387 9601 15 Cebrayılov H Resident 5 3103 16 Mucailov Afqan Resident 5 3141 17 Abdullayeva Sevil Resident 5 1767 18 Hidayatova Gulbeniz Resident 050 573 2108 19 Salimova Sevda Resident 5 4304 20 Novruzova Bike Resident 5 1599 21 Osmanova Shamsiyye Resident, Poet Association, Local NGO 5 3461 22 Badirova Lalezar Resident 6 1423 23 Asgeran Sharif Resident 070 306 0224 24 Talıbova Gultakin Resident, Poet Association, Local NGO 25 Aqil Musayev Resident 050 373 2868 26 Mammadov Elman Resident 050 219 9326 26 Kerimov Tariyel Resident, Kurdamir SuKanal 014 55 0189 26 Salmanov Ilqar Resident 050 530 7071 Disseminated Booklet  for General Public Consultation Workshop  Kurdamir ‐ Session III, May 05, 2011  Front and Back Covers    Interior Pages    SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir ANNEX-5 Biological Investigation in or nearby the Project Corridor Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir Biological Research within the Project Corridor in Kurdamir Rayon for WSS Investment Project Name : Second National Water Supply and Sanitation Project (SNWSSP II) of Azerbaijan Name of Proponent : Republic of Azerbaijan Lead Agency : Amelioration and Water Management Open Joint Stock Company (AWM OJSC) of Azerbaijan Consultant : Aim Texas Trading LLC, Overseas Management Group, Richardson, Texas, USA Consultant’s Project ID : \Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\EIA_Reports, Lerik Subconsultants for the : Society Protection and Ecology of Birds (SPEB), NGO, Research Baku, Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Mammals Society (AMS), NGO, Baku, Azerbaijan Agreement Date : 15.09.2010 Research Performance : On-site; November 17-18, 2010 Period Desk Studies: November 19-20, 2010 Research Theme : Preparing the biological report for the proposed project corridor of the WSS investment to be implemented in Kurdamir rayon, performing the on-site investigations within and around the proposed project corridor. General A walk-through research was carried out on November 17-18, 2010 along raw and treated water transmission mains from Kullullu catchment area to Kurdamir city. The research corridor roughly comprised of the settled areas of Atakishili, Xirdapay, Shiximli, Shahseven, Murtullu, Topalhasanli, Ujarli, Goydellekli, Arabmehdibey, Padar, Kulullu villages, and Kurdamir city. The Research Corridor also comprised of Girdimanchay river basin along the Kulullu valley, low streams of Agsuchay river basin and Lower Kur river basin in the south border of the rayon. A visual surveillance method has been attempted to detect, determine, recognize and track the biological communities along the project corridor and in / around the said above districts. The results of the research are given in this text and the attached tables (Table 1 – 7). It is observed that only White Pelican living in the area of the proposed project corridor are included into the Red Book of Azerbaijan, and Little Bustard is included into the Red List of International Nature Protection Union (it’s shown by the sign * and ** in the following tables). These species are occasionally encountered in the project area for feeding. No migration path of the avian and terrestrial species gets across the project corridor. Therefore, no endemic or common avian and/or terrestrial biological community is vulnerable to hazard to be occured during the construction period. All animal species indicated in the Table-6 and 7, have a fixed mode of life in Kur – Araz lowlands. It has been determined that the Tugai forest blades and shrubberies along the river valleys have been under serious pressure as a source of fuel for heating and timber products, and as pastures for the numerous privately owned herds of cattle and other livestock. It has been determined that their biotopes of population in the project area are open water areas of Upper Shirvan Canal and marshlands, Lower Kur basin, open swampy areas, semideserts, shrubbery and reedy places. The breeding season for wild animal species including the birds is from September to December and April to July in the region. No rare, endangered, and threatened population recorded in the Red Data Book of Azerbaijan inhabit in or nearby the Project corridor. First and last name: Ilyas Babayev Position: Head of the Society Protection and Ecology of Birds (SPEB, Local NGO), Dr. on Environmental Biology Address: Baku, Bina set., I.Ahmadov str., 2/12 __________________________________________________________________ (Name and title) (signature) (date) Fisrt and last name: Sujaddin Guliyev Position: The secretary of Azerbaijan Mammals Society (AMS, Local NGO), Dr. on Environmental Biology, professor Address: Baku, QSP, crossing 1128, block 504 __________________________________________________________________ (Name and title) (signature) (date) Table 1: Plant species in the project corridor N Local name Common name Latin 1 Bataqlıq qamışı Common reed Phragmites communis Trin. 2 Cil Seage Carex L. 3 Bağayarpağı Plantain, Bunting Plantago 4 Əməköməci Mallov Malva L. 5 Cığ Rush Luncus L. 6 Alça Alycha, Marovbalan Plum Prunus Divaricata 7 Böyürtkən Deberry, Blackberry Rubus L. 8 Lıqvər Scripus Scripus L. 9 Aci yonca Crown Vetch Cornilla L. 10 Su qamışı, ciyən Sumac, sumach Typha L 11 Çayır Dogis tooth grass Cynodon dactylon v.pers 12 Cəpər sarmaşığı Beadrina Galustegia R.Br. 13 Eşşək qanqalı Thistee Cirsium Mill. 14 Söyüd Willow, osier Salix L. 15 Ceyranotu, Şiyav Feather-grass Stipa l. 16 Çərən Sea blite Saeda Forck 17 Çoğan Chalk plant Gypsophi L. 18 Tarla otu Bent grass Hyrostis L. 19 Ücyarpaq yonca Clover Trifolium L. 20 Xəstək Peashrub Caragana Lam. 21 İydə Oleaster Aica L. 22 Qanqal Bcotch thistle, cotton thistle Onopordon L. 23 Şibyə Lichen Lichen 24 Qarağan Salt wort Salsola L. 25 Quşəppəyi Shepherdes puru Capsella bursapastoris 26 Qaratikan Christ sthorm Paliurus spina christ 27 Qarğı Giant reed Arund donax L. 28 Qışlaqotu Musk-orchis Herminium 29 Qışotu Petrosimonia Petrosimoniya Bge 30 Gəndəlaş Elder Sambucus L. 31 Gicitkan Nettle Urtica L. 32 Dalamaz gicitkan Dead nettle Lamium L. 33 Quramit Rue-grass, darnel Lolium L. 34 Şahsevdi Halostachys Halostachys C.A.M. 35 Qamış Bulrush Scirpus acutus 36 Biyan Liquorice, licorice Glycyrrhiza L. 37 Yovşan Wormwood, sadlbrush Artemisia L. 38 Yulğun Tamarix Tamarix L. 39 Yarpız Mint Mentha L. 40 Mamır Moss Museus L. Table 2: Insect species in the project corridor N Local name Common name Latin 1 Qaraqurd Black-widow Hairadectus Table 3: Fish species in the project corridor N Local name Common name Latin 1 Adi qizilxallı Çəki Cypirinus carpio Table 4: Amphibians in the project corridor N Local name Common name Latin 1 Adi quru qurbağası Common toad Bufo bufo Table 5: Reptiles in the project corridor N Local name Common name Latin 1 Qafqaz kələzi Lizard lizard Agama caucasica 2 Koramal Europe glass lizard Helcioscopus Table 6: Bird species in the project corridor N Local name Common name Latin 1 Kiçik maygülü Little grebe Podiceps ruficollis 2 Cəhrayı qutan White pelican Pelicanus onocrotalus* 3 Böyük qarabatdaq Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo 4 Böyük danquşu Bittern Botaurus stellaris 5 Kicik danquşu Little bittern Xobrychus minutus 6 Böyük ağnaz Great white egret Egretta alba 7 Kiçik ağnaz Little egret Egretta gazzetta 8 Boz vağ Grey heron Ardea cinerea 9 Boz qaz Greylag goose Anser anser 10 Yaşılbaı ördək Mallard Anas platyrhyachos 11 Fitçi ördək Teal Anas crecca 12 Qara çalağan Black kite Milvus migrans 13 Tarla belibağlısı Hen harrier Circus cyaneus 14 Bozqız sarı Long-legged buzzard Buteo rufinus 15 Muymulu qızılquş Kestrel Palco tinnunculus 16 Adi sufərisi Water rail Rallus aquaticus 17 Adi təqibci Spotted crake Porsana porsana 18 Adi qamış fərisi Moorhen Gallinula chloropus 19 Adi qaşqaldaq Coot Pulica atra 20 Adi bəzgək Little bustard Tetrax tetrax *** 21 Bibikinə Lapixing Vanellus vanellus 22 Adi bizdimdik Avocet Recur virostra avosetta 23 Çöl qaqayısı Black-haded Gull Larus rudibundus 24 Qəh-qəhi qağayı Yellov-Legged Gull. Larus cachinrans 25 Çöl göyərçini Roch dove Columbia livia 26 Dam xarabacılı Little owl Athene noctua 27 Balıqcıl zərricə Kingfisher Alcedo athis 28 Adi payız bülbülü Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis 29 Dam sərcəsi House sparsov Passer domesticus 30 Çöl sərcəsi Tree sparrou Passer montanus 31 Ala sağsağan Magpie Pica pica 32 Boz qarğa Hooded crov Corvus cornix 33 Quzğun qarğa Raven Corvus corax 34 Adi pəsnəkquş Penduline tit Remiz pendulinus 35 Oxuyan qaratoyuq Song thrush Turdus philomelos 36 Adi yaşılca Green finch Chloris chloris 37 Adi kəkilli turağay Crested lark Galerida cristata 38 Tarla vələmirquşu Corn bunting Emberiza calandra 39 Qamışlıq vələmirquşu Reed bunting Emberiza scholniclus Table 7: Mammals in the project corridor N Local name Common name Latin 1 Cənub kirpisi Southern hedgehog Erinaclus roumanclus 2 Xırda qonurdiş Levant mole Talpa levantis 3 Cırdan şəbpərə Common pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus 4 Canavar Wolf Canis lupus 5 Boz dovşan Brown hare Lepus europaeus 6 Çaqqal Golden jackal C.anerus 7 Tülkü Red fox Vulpes vulpes 8 Çöl donuzu Wild boar Sus scrofa Note: * species are included into Red Book of Azerbaijan, ** speciea are included both into Red Book of Azerbaijan and the Red List of International Nature Protection Union. SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Photos, Site Surveying, Scoping and General Public Consultation, Activities Annex-6 ANNEX-6 Photos, Site Surveyings, Scoping and General Public Consultation Activities 1 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Scoping and General Public Consultation Photographs for Kurdamir Rayon Consultation Session Date Venue Pages Conference Hall of REP of Scoping Consultation 1 17.09.2010 Ujar Rayon 2, 3, 4, 5 Conference Scoping Consultation 2 10.11.2010 Hall of REP, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Kurdamir city Road Side Consultation with General Public - 10.11.2010 Kurdamir city 11, 12, 13 Conference Hall of REP of General Public Consultation 3 05.06.2011 Kurdamir 14, ..n, 20 Rayon Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK 1 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Scoping Consultation, Session I Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK 2 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Scoping Consultation, Session 1 in Ujar Rayon, Scoping Consultation, Session 1 in Ujar Rayon, 17.09.2010 17.09.2010 Attendants : For attendants list, see Annex-4, Minutes of Meeting for Scoping Session I Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK 3 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Scoping Consultation, Session 1 in Ujar Rayon, Scoping Consultation, Session 1 in Ujar Rayon, 17.09.2010 17.09.2010 Attendants : For attendants list, see Annex-4, Minutes of Meeting for Scoping Session I Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK 4 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Scoping Consultation, Session 1 in Ujar Rayon, Scoping Consultation, Session 1 in Ujar Rayon, 17.09.2010 17.09.2010 Attendants : For attendants list, see Annex-4, Minutes of Meeting for Scoping Session I Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK 5 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Scoping Consultation, Session II Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK 6 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Scoping Consultation, Session II in Conference Hall of REP, Kurdamir Scoping Consultation, Session II in Conference Hall of REP, Rayon, Kurdamir Rayon, 10.11.2010 10.11.2010 Attendants : For attendants list, see Annex-4, Minutes of Meeting for Scoping Session II Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK 7 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Scoping Consultation, Session II in Conference Hall of REP, Kurdamir Scoping Consultation, Session II in Conference Hall of REP, Rayon, Kurdamir Rayon, 10.11.2010 10.11.2010 Attendants : For attendants list, see Annex-4, Minutes of Meeting for Scoping Session II Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK 8 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Scoping Consultation, Session II in Conference Hall of REP, Kurdamir Scoping Consultation, Session II in Conference Hall of REP, Rayon, Kurdamir Rayon, 10.11.2010 10.11.2010 Question & Answer session Question & Answer session Attendants : For attendants list, see Annex-4, Minutes of Meeting for Scoping Session II Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK 9 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Scoping Consultation, Session II in Conference Hall of REP, Kurdamir Scoping Consultation, Session II in Conference Hall of REP, Rayon, Kurdamir Rayon, 10.11.2010 10.11.2010 Question & Answer session Question & Answer session Attendants : For attendants list, see Annex-4, Minutes of Meeting for Scoping Session II Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK 10 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Road Side Consultation with General Public Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK 11 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Road Side Consultation with General Public in Kurdamir City Road Side Consultation with General Public in Kurdamir City Fuad Dergahli, Public Awareness Specialist from EIA Team Fuad Dergahli, Public Awareness Specialist from EIA Team 10.11.2010 10.11.2010 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK 12 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir Road Side Consultation with General Public in Kurdamir City Road Side Consultation with General Public in Kurdamir City Fuad Dergahli, Public Awareness Specialist from EIA Team Fuad Dergahli, Public Awareness Specialist from EIA Team 10.11.2010 10.11.2010 Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK 13 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir General Public Consultation, Session III Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK 14 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir General Public Consultation, Session III in the Conference Hall of REP General Public Consultation, Session III in the Conference Hall of of Kurdamir Rayon, REP of Kurdamir Rayon, 05.06.2011 05.06.2011 Attendants : For attendants list, see Annex-4, Minutes of Meeting for General Public Consultation, Session III Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK 15 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir General Public Consultation, Session III in the Conference Hall of REP General Public Consultation, Session III in the Conference Hall of of Kurdamir Rayon, REP of Kurdamir Rayon, 05.06.2011 05.06.2011 Attendants : For attendants list, see Annex-4, Minutes of Meeting for General Public Consultation, Session III Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK 16 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir General Public Consultation, Session III in the Conference Hall of REP General Public Consultation, Session III in the Conference Hall of of Kurdamir Rayon, REP of Kurdamir Rayon, 05.06.2011 05.06.2011 Attendants : For attendants list, see Annex-4, Minutes of Meeting for General Public Consultation, Session III Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK 17 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir General Public Consultation, Session III in the Conference Hall of REP General Public Consultation, Session III in the Conference Hall of of Kurdamir Rayon, REP of Kurdamir Rayon, 05.06.2011 05.06.2011 Attendants : For attendants list, see Annex-4, Minutes of Meeting for General Public Consultation, Session III Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK 18 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir General Public Consultation, Session III in the Conference Hall of REP General Public Consultation, Session III in the Conference Hall of of Kurdamir Rayon, REP of Kurdamir Rayon, 05.06.2011 05.06.2011 Attendants : For attendants list, see Annex-4, Minutes of Meeting for General Public Consultation, Session III Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK 19 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Reports of 12 Rayons-Kurdamir General Public Consultation, Session III in the Conference Hall of REP General Public Consultation, Session III in the Conference Hall of of Kurdamir Rayon, REP of Kurdamir Rayon, 05.06.2011 05.06.2011 Attendants : For attendants list, see Annex-4, Minutes of Meeting for General Public Consultation, Session III Aim Texas Trading LLC-CA\Az\12Rayons_EIA\387-09\ Draft_EIA_Report,Kurdamir AWM OJSC, AZERBAIJAN/WORLD BANK 20 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Report for Kurdamir Rayon Survey Study Pictures for Kurdamir EIA Report Date between October 10, 2010 and May 31, 2011 1 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Report for Kurdamir Rayon Entrance of the rayon REP Building of Kurdamir Rayon A view from Resulzade Street from Baku - Tbilisi Highway Another view from Resulzade Street A view from Qarabagh Street A view from Baku – Tbilisi Highway (H. Aliyev Avenue), inside the city 2 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Report for Kurdamir Rayon Another view from Baku – Tbilisi Highway (H. Aliyev Worship – 1 in the city, Babek Street A view from Mammadov Drive Avenue), inside the city H. Aliyev Museum, Baku – Tbilisi Highway Middle School # 1, Nizami Street Middle School # 4 3 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Report for Kurdamir Rayon Chess School in the city Cultural Hall of the city, O. Mirzayev Street History Museum in the city, Qalebe Park Rayon Statistical Department, Babek Street Court House Movie- Theatre 4 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Report for Kurdamir Rayon City Post Office A Day Care, Osmanov Street A Day Care, Aran District Apprentice School Dermatology Hospital, Babek Street Kurdamir Polyclinic, H. Aliyev Avenue 5 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Report for Kurdamir Rayon Elit Motel, Baku – Tbilisi Highway Debut Motel, Sabir street Small shops, H. Aliyev Avenue Milk Collection Center, Baku – Tbilisi Highway Cotton processing Plant (small scale), Baku – Small Scale Diary processing plant, Baku – Tbilis Highway Tbilisi Highway 6 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Report for Kurdamir Rayon Children Hospital, X. Islamzade street Public taps in the city Another Public in the city Water supply in the city A multi-storey building in the city Mother Statue -1 (public tap and women) 7 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Report for Kurdamir Rayon Mother Statue -2 Memorial for Patriotic Matyrs Arabmehdibey – Catchment area road, covered by subbase material RoW width 30 m. A Concrete lined irrigation canal surrounding the A part of Upper Shirvan Canal Solid waste and Caos in the city city 8 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Report for Kurdamir Rayon A view from catchment to Great caucasus Aluvial-deluvial deposits in the catchment Garamaryam plateu, South ridges rifted by the river’s flood plains Outrun of Girdimanchay river from Langabiz range Girdimanchay river flood plains in Ismayilli rayon Girdimanchay river and Great Caucasus mountains (Great Caucasus) and its flood plain between Great Caucasus range 9 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Report for Kurdamir Rayon Wine plantation in Kurdamir rayon Central Bazaar of the city, Sabir Street Typical road side channels for storm water in the city Elevated Water Tank (old) in the city Old WWTP site in the sout part of the city Ruins of old WWTP 10 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Report for Kurdamir Rayon Proposed new WWTP location, east of the city, Existing Wastewater Discharge to natural Old and Dilapidated drinkable water reservoir between Baku – Tbilisi Highway and Railway environment (500 cum) –R1 in the south part of the city nearby Arabmehdibey village in SuKanal site Situation of control manhole of R1 Stop Valves on existing transmission main nearby Another Stop Valve on existing transmission main Murtullu village nearby Goydellekli village 11 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Report for Kurdamir Rayon Water Wastage on existing transmission main Existing HIGDU site and its control wells, South of A control well of existing HIGDU, and water nearby Topalhasanli village Kulullu village wastage Semi-desert vegetation in the lowland nearby Kur Chal-Meadow area in the Shirvan lowland The Kur river, South border of the rayon riverbed 12 SNWSSP PHASE II, Republic of Azerbaijan Draft EIA Report for Kurdamir Rayon Remains of tugai forests and shrubs at the Kur Kur river flow channel and its wetland City Stadium, Vakif Street River banks Kurdamir Olympia Sport Complex Kurdamir Bus Terminal, along Baku – Tbilisi road Railway Terminal Building, S. Sixaliyev Street 13