The World Bank Support to Economic Recovery and Job Creation in the Agri-Food Sector and Rural Space Project Information Document/ Identification/Concept Stage (PID) Public Disclosure Copy Concept Stage | Date Prepared/Updated: 02-Jun-2020 | Report No: PIDC222704 Jun 03, 2020 Page 1 of 10 The World Bank Support to Economic Recovery and Job Creation in the Agri-Food Sector and Rural Space BASIC INFORMATION A. Basic Project Data Environmental and Project ID Parent Project ID (if any) Social Risk Project Name Classification Moderate Support to Economic Recovery and Job Creation in P174017 the Agri-Food Sector and Rural Space Region Country Date PID Prepared Estimated Date of Approval MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH Tunisia 02-Jun-2020 AFRICA Public Disclosure Copy Financing Instrument Borrower(s) Implementing Agency Investment Project Union Tunisienne de Union Tunisienne de Financing Solidarité Sociale Solidarité Sociale PROJECT FINANCING DATA (US$, Millions) SUMMARY -NewFin1 Total Project Cost 1.00 Total Financing 1.00 Financing Gap 0.00 DETAILS -NewFinEnh1 Non-World Bank Group Financing Trust Funds 1.00 Free-standing Single Purpose Trust Fund 1.00 B. Introduction and Context Country Context Tunisia faces a fragile macroeconomic situation. Annual growth in gross domestic product (GDP) was 2 percent in 2017 and 2.6 percent in 2018. In 2019, annual growth was of 1 percent while GDP per capita was US $3,298. Growth is mainly driven by the agriculture and services sectors. The proportion of the population living under the poverty line declined significantly between 2000 and 2015, from 25.4 percent to 15.2 percent, but large disparities remain, with poverty concentrated in rural areas. The economy faces challenges Jun 03, 2020 Page 2 of 10 The World Bank Support to Economic Recovery and Job Creation in the Agri-Food Sector and Rural Space in terms of low productivity, stagnant employment, high inflation, high deficits and debts and limited fiscal space. External challenges have intensified as Tunisia’s main export markets are heading towards a recession, while the one tenth of the economy is dependent on tourism. Inflation significantly accelerated between 2017 and mid-2018 (7.8 percent in July 2018). In response, the Central Bank increased the policy rate to 7.75 percent, and authorities recently moved to enforce tighter loan-to-deposit ratios among banks and reduce liquidity injections through FX swaps. Consequently, inflation has been decelerating since the second half of 2018, and stood at 6.7 percent in August. The unemployment rate has stagnated, recording 15.3 percent during the first half of 2019, compared to 15.4 percent in 2018, whereas unemployment among females (22.6 percent in Q1-2019) and graduates (28.2 percent in Q1-2019) remains significantly higher than the national average. Tunisia’s fiscal and external situation has also gradually deteriorated in past years, public debt reached 77% of GDP in 2018 and the current account deficit averaged over 10% of GDP in the past two years. Public Disclosure Copy The COVID-19 pandemic poses an additional short and long-run threat to the Tunisian economy and it is anticipated that the private sector will be heavily affected by COVID-19, especially rural producers and entrepreneurs (including in livestock and forestry subsectors). As already observed, the nationwide containment is compressing urban demand, disrupting supply chains for fresh products and agri-exports, while reducing the availability of farm workers and pickers for labor intensive productions (fruits and vegetables). Ongoing surveys are exploring the impact that the crisis will have at firm level and on employment per sector. Trade and tourism will face a serious drop in activity, while the government is currently undertaking strict containment measures which are further slowing the economy. Another effect of the crisis will be through intensified pressure on the already narrow fiscal space of the Government of Tunisia, which will in turn put pressure on the provision of social services during and after the economic downturn. These impacts will be more intense for the most vulnerable groups such as the unemployed, informal workers, children, and the elderly. COVID-19 is expected to have different impacts on women and men, girls and boys. Women will be more affected in systems with more female health workers. As schools close and family members fall sick, the burden of care is likely to fall on women. Domestic violence may increase with stress and anxiety. Sectoral and Institutional Context The agri-food sector remains an essential driver of economic growth and still represents the main source of income and employment, especially in rural areas. Over the past years, the share of agriculture in GDP has increased from 7.8 percent in 2008 to more than 10 percent in 2018 and is even greater when all upstream and downstream activities of agricultural production (overall agri-food sector) are accounted for. One out of six jobs remain in the agricultural sector, and more half of the jobs in the North-Western Governorates. The farming structure in Tunisia is characterized by a dual system with medium- and large-scale family farms in lowland areas and small-scale farmers in remote and mountainous areas. Medium and large farms (20-50ha and above) are well connected to markets, able to capture state subsidies but relatively extensive farming Jun 03, 2020 Page 3 of 10 The World Bank Support to Economic Recovery and Job Creation in the Agri-Food Sector and Rural Space systems with investment limited by unclarified land ownership among family members. On the other hand, small scale farmers own on average 10ha with more than 50 percent of them with less than 5ha. Their farming systems primarily aim at ensuring family self-consumption with tradable surpluses when possible. They are constrained by fragmented land, limited access to markets, no dedicated or easily accessible financial and non-financial state support. Due to male emigration, many small-scale farms are female headed. Many rural people have also created, formally or informally, small agri-businesses engaged in various agro-processing activities. Such activities can range from dairy processing, honey production, essential oil distillation to handy crafts and rural tourism. While difficult to estimate, these activities represent a large part of the incomes of small-scale producers in rural areas. Better organization, linkage to markets, access to finance and knowledge, could help these SMEs connect with larger private aggregators in urban centers, thus develop their businesses and create more jobs. Although small in size, small-scale producers ensure 60 percent of the national cereal production but are Public Disclosure Copy not sufficiently organized to play a significant role in value chain coordination. All sector reviews highlight the fact that the existing producer organizations (POs), in the form of Groupements de Développement Agricole (GDAs) and Sociétés Mutuelles de Services Agricoles (SMSAs),[1] are the weakest links in agri-food value chains and in all forms of trading partnerships. Small farmers in Tunisia need to cooperate and join forces to create economies of scales that will improve their competitiveness, bargaining power, access to domestic and export markets, and knowledge sharing and innovation. In a context where the Government does not have the human and financial resources to deliver such services to smallholders, and where the private sector does not have the incentives to fill the gap, POs can aggregate smallholder producers’ demand and help achieve economies of scale to develop technically and financially viable services. Through aggregation, they can attract private investors and enter in various trading arrangements or collaborative partnerships with larger companies (contract farming, productive alliances, etc.). With sound and lasting support from various donors, some GDAs, SMSAs and SMEs have been emerging as credible and reliable partners in trading partnership or as solid service providers to their members. As observed around the world, POs can become a source of job and career opportunities for educated youth, such as technicians from agriculture vocational training centers and agri-engineers from agronomic university. In 2019, the Government of Netherlands and the World Bank established the Tunisian Rural and Agricultural Chains of Employment Program (TRACE) to help respond to the job creation and small holder inclusion challenges in the agri-food sector and rural areas. TRACE is a hybrid Trust Fund (TF), financed a Dutch contribution of 13.5M Euros, and will be implemented over a period of four years. Its development objective is to create jobs in the agri-food sector by strengthening the productivity and resilience of small- scale producers, and competitiveness of agribusiness cooperatives and SMEs in selected agri-food sub- sectors through better access to knowledge, innovations and financial services. To stimulate job creation, TRACE will act on the following four dimensions (four components of the program): (1) stimulating the agri- entrepreneurship mindset and skills of rural people, especially youth and women; (2) expanding the network and professionalism of producer organizations (GDAs, SMSAs, coops, etc.) and agri-SMEs able to connect producers to market opportunities and to required services; (3) developing the range and quality of financial and non-financial services for farmers, agribusiness SMEs, and value chain stakeholders; and, (4) improving the business environment and policy framework to stimulate the growth of a market-oriented and private Jun 03, 2020 Page 4 of 10 The World Bank Support to Economic Recovery and Job Creation in the Agri-Food Sector and Rural Space sector-driven agri-food sector. Components 1, 2 and 4 are Bank-executed (BETF). Under component 2, it is proposed to establish a matching grant to help POs and SMEs develop their business and create more jobs. This matching grant will be implemented by a Tunisian institution as a Recipient-executed Trust Fund (RETF) subject of this Inception Note. It will covered the Governorates of Jendouba, Gabes and Kairouan. [1] GDAs are primary level of producer association (non-for-profit) and SMSAs are cooperative-equivalent to deliver services to their members, including access to inputs, advisory services, post-harvest processing and marketing. Relationship to CPF The proposed Project (RETF) is fully aligned to the WBG Country Partnership Framework (CPF) as a relevant contribution to the development of traditionally neglected areas in a sector with growth, job creation and Public Disclosure Copy social inclusion potential. As such, the project objective is fully aligned with pillars 2 and 3 of the WBG CPF that aims at reducing regional disparities and promoting increased social inclusion. This also consistent with the WBG Middle East and North Africa Regional Strategy pillar on renewing the social contract, by supporting the generation of employment opportunities, in particular in inland regions, and with a focus on youth and women, thus helping to forge greater social stability. C. Project Development Objective(s) Proposed Development Objective(s) The Project development objective is to help restore and promote job creation and strengthen smallholder producer participation in the agri-food sector and rural entrepreneurship. Key Results The proposed RETF will promote job creation and smallholder producer economic inclusion through the development and business growth of producer associations and cooperatives, young rural agri- entrepreneurs and agribusiness SMEs. The specific objective is to help them strengthen their technical competence, increase cooperating within and among POs, consolidate their financial viability, grow their existing business and grasp new business opportunities. More viable business development plan and strengthened skills will help sustain existing jobs. Business growth will generate additional jobs, both directly within these businesses but also indirectly among their suppliers and clients, increase resilience, and improve economic and social inclusion. It will also be instrumental to help small producers overcome the economic slowdown linked to the COVID-19 pandemic by providing technical and financial support to help them quickly resume production, processing and marketing once trade and movement restrictions are lifted. Supporting POs and rural SMEs will also facilitate the socio-economic inclusion of smallholder producers and strengthen the rural entrepreneurship mindset. Getting organized and receiving technical support will help small producers move from the business-as-usual production to more professional technique, moving from being aid-recipients or project-beneficiaries to become rural business entrepreneurs. By being exposed Jun 03, 2020 Page 5 of 10 The World Bank Support to Economic Recovery and Job Creation in the Agri-Food Sector and Rural Space to more stringent quality and standard requirements, small producers will be able to progressively strengthen their professionalism. POs can facilitate the connection to markets and the introduction of know- how to innovate and follow higher standard requirements. This will also contribute to improve the overall supply chain efficiency. Key results will include: 1- Number of POs and SMEs with a supported plan to invest, trade or provide services. 2- Number of people assisted to develop economic income generating activities. 3- Number of small-scale producers that have improved their productivity and incomes. 4- Number of jobs created in beneficiaries' businesses. Public Disclosure Copy D. Preliminary Description Activities/Components TRACE RETF will be structured as a matching grant to provide technical and financial support to POs and SMEs to develop their business and create jobs. It will be implemented over a period of 2 years with a TRACE contribution of USD one million. BETF and RETF activities will be implemented in close coordination to ensure that TRACE soft components (BETF) complement the needs identified on the ground and enhance the overall business environment needed across the sector in general and in the environment of services, in particular, in the three Governorates targeted by TRACE. The project will be organised in three components: (1) Technical assistance to POs and SMEs; (2) Grants for agri-food and rural job creation; (3) Project management and coordination. Component 1 - Technical assistance to POs and SMEs The implementation of the proposed matching grant instrument will require technical assistance to POs and SMEs to prepare and select technically sound and financially and commercially viable investment projects. An implementing agency will deliver this technical assistance. It will disseminate information to potential PO and SME investors, including reaching out more specifically to youth and women entrepreneurs, and organize calls for proposals. This will include facilitating the dialogue with relevant authorities, private sector associations, and other stakeholders to ensure that the investment project submission are consistent with the understanding of the territory and the opportunities and constraints of the sector/segments. The implementing agency will help POs and SMEs develop technically sound and commercially viable business. It will ensure that investment project proposals submitted to TRACE Matching Grant have a strong potential to Jun 03, 2020 Page 6 of 10 The World Bank Support to Economic Recovery and Job Creation in the Agri-Food Sector and Rural Space be profitable and sustainable to ensure business growth and create jobs, while improving producers’ resilience and economic inclusion. To ensure the success of selected investment projects, the implementing agency will also provide technical assistance during implementation, either directly or by linking POs and SMEs with specialized technical and managerial expertise. The implementing agency will act as a facilitator to help POs and SMEs access additional support from public and private service providers, and connect with larger business enterprises and agro-industries to receive advice to properly adjust to market requirements. It will assist in grouping POs and SMEs with similar needs and investment projects to achieve economies of scale, increase their bargaining power in value chains, pull financial and technical resources together, avoid duplication and share costs, network to share experience. Increasing the scale of business activities will ensure sustainability of the jobs created and will generate additional jobs, while indirectly generating job creation for suppliers and clients of POs and SMEs. Public Disclosure Copy Component 2 - Grants for agri-food and rural job creation TRACE Matching Grant will provide non-reimbursable financial contributions (grants) to investment projects submitted by POs and SMEs engaged in agri-business activities ranging from production, processing to marketing with the objective to help business growth and job creation. Grants will be capped to 70% of the cost of the proposed investment project and will finance small-scale equipment and inputs, and soft activities (technical and managerial training and advice, marketing guidance and market intelligence, etc.). Eligible activities will cover the wide range of opportunities offered by the agri-food sector and agri- rural entrepreneurship ranging from: farming production and processing, agri-service providers (input and technology supplies, advisory services, etc.), to post-harvest operations (storage, processing, packing, etc.). This will also cover the valorization of cultural and natural resources through handy craft and rural tourism. Investment projects will therefore be in, but not limited to, agro-industry, agro-food, apiculture, aromatic and medicinal plants, valorization of natural resources, agro-tourism. Selection will prioritize investments technically sound and commercially viable, with high job creation potential, tangible scale and identified markets, partnerships with other producers, private aggregators, agro-industries and other commercial entities. Selection will be done through competitive calls for proposals for each window with differentiated criteria and financing thresholds depending on the type of beneficiary. Applicants will benefit from technical assistance delivered by the implementing agency to improve the quality of proposals. Ad hoc experts may be invited to provide specific expertise to improve proposals. POs and SMEs which have been successful in achieving 70% of the objective of their first investment projects will be eligible for a second grant without going through the competitive selection process. The objective is to ensure impact sustainability and encourage successful POs and make them future champions. A regional Technical Committee will be responsible of the selection of proposals and monitoring of implementation. It will include representatives from regional governmental entities, experts and private sector representatives. Ad hoc experts may be invited to provide specific expertise to improve the proposals. Jun 03, 2020 Page 7 of 10 The World Bank Support to Economic Recovery and Job Creation in the Agri-Food Sector and Rural Space The Technical Committee will also conduct regular assessments of the implementation process and advise the team on strategic and technical issues. Component 3 - Project management and coordination. The Project will provide resources to the implementing agency (see information below) to properly deliver technical assistance and operate the matching grant, while meeting the Bank's fiduciary and safeguards requirements. The implementing agency will have to provide (technical and fiduciary) monitoring reports, will report progress against TRACE objectives and indicators, will be subject to regular fiduciary verification, annual audits and technical supervision. It will coordinate with other Government's operations and donor- funded projects, looking for cooperation and potential synergies. Implementation will also be closely coordinated with the other TRACE technical assistance activity managed by the Bank under the BETF on Public Disclosure Copy specific skills development such as smart agriculture, market intelligence, access to export markets, online/digital marketing, e-commerce, among others. Environmental and Social Standards Relevance E. Relevant Standards ESS Standards Relevance Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social ESS 1 Relevant Risks and Impacts ESS 10 Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure Relevant ESS 2 Labor and Working Conditions Relevant Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and ESS 3 Relevant Management ESS 4 Community Health and Safety Relevant Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary ESS 5 Not Currently Relevant Resettlement Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of ESS 6 Relevant Living Natural Resources Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically ESS 7 Not Currently Relevant Underserved Traditional Local Communities ESS 8 Cultural Heritage Not Currently Relevant ESS 9 Financial Intermediaries Not Currently Relevant Legal Operational Policies Jun 03, 2020 Page 8 of 10 The World Bank Support to Economic Recovery and Job Creation in the Agri-Food Sector and Rural Space Safeguard Policies Triggered Explanation (Optional) Projects on International Waterways OP No 7.50 Projects in Disputed Areas OP 7.60 No Summary of Screening of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts The project is expected to generate moderate environmental and social risks associated with minor civil works (i.e. renovations) and exploitation activities. These risks include solid waste generation, hazardous material management, noise and vibration, wastewater discharges and emissions that could impact air quality, water and energy consumption, sustainable land and water management, the use of pesticides and risks related to hygiene and food handing. Additional risks relate to occupational and community health and safety, including the risk of COVID transmission as a result of project activities. Other risks include the potential for elite capture or discontent as a result of the lack of transparency or poor communication of Public Disclosure Copy eligibility criteria. CONTACT POINT World Bank Contact : Olivier Durand Title : Senior Agriculture Economist Telephone No : 5714+3011 / Email : Contact : Zouhour Karray Title : Program Manager Telephone No : 5714+3069 / Email : Borrower/Client/Recipient Borrower : Union Tunisienne de Solidarité Sociale Implementing Agencies Implementing Union Tunisienne de Solidarité Sociale Agency : Contact : Lotfi Messaoudi Title : Director Telephone No : 21698548581 Email : lotfi_sj_bz@yahoo.fr FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT The World Bank Jun 03, 2020 Page 9 of 10 The World Bank Support to Economic Recovery and Job Creation in the Agri-Food Sector and Rural Space 1818 H Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20433 Telephone: (202) 473-1000 Web: http://www.worldbank.org/projects Public Disclosure Copy Jun 03, 2020 Page 10 of 10