Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Jincheng Coal-bed Methane Project Jincheng Anthracite Mining Group April 2004 1 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Table of Contents Executive Summary..............................................................................................................................................i 1. Introduction...................................................................................................................................................1 2. Environmental protection policy, law and administrative system.............................................3 2.1 The environmental protection administration and organization in China ....................3 2.2 Laws and polices on environmental protection of China......................................................3 2.3 International conventions that the PRC is party to................................................................4 2.4 Policies on environmental protection of the World Bank .....................................................4 2.5 Environmental standards in China, the World Bank and World Health Organization (WHO)................................................................................................................................4 3. General description of the Project.........................................................................................................11 3.1 Project name, size and primary composition..........................................................................11 3.2 Principle of coal-bed gas generation...........................................................................................11 3.3 Geographical position and justification....................................................................................12 3.4 Layout in the plant site....................................................................................................................15 3.5 Fuel and air pollution mitigation.................................................................................................15 3.6 Noise pollution and mitigation......................................................................................................17 3.7 Water supply and water treatment .............................................................................................17 3.8 Total pollutant emissions ................................................................................................................19 3.9 Transportation engineering outside the plant .........................................................................19 3.10 Construction schedule ...................................................................................................................20 4. Environmental baseline................................................................................................................................28 4.1 Basis of assessment............................................................................................................................28 4.2 Topography, geology and geomorphology................................................................................29 4.3 Water resource....................................................................................................................................30 4.4 Atmospheric Resources ...................................................................................................................31 4.5 Acoustical environment...................................................................................................................34 4.6 Ecological environment...................................................................................................................34 4.7 Health and safety...............................................................................................................................34 4.8 Social and economic environment...............................................................................................37 4.9 Human culture and natural landscape......................................................................................37 4.10 Land utilization................................................................................................................................37 5. Environmental ImpactAssessment..........................................................................................................48 5.1 Environmental impact identification and pollution factor screening .............................48 5.2 Operation Period...............................................................................................................................48 5.3 Impact outside plant area...............................................................................................................58 5.4 Ecology..................................................................................................................................................60 5.5 Social economy and living standards .........................................................................................61 5.6 Construction Period.........................................................................................................................64 6. Analysis of project alternatives .................................................................................................................74 6.1 No action...............................................................................................................................................74 6.2 Plant site alternatives.......................................................................................................................75 6.3 Units replacement..............................................................................................................................76 6.4 Fuel options .........................................................................................................................................77 6.5 NOX emission......................................................................................................................................78 6.6 Waste water discharge.....................................................................................................................79 7. Environmental management program...................................................................................................80 7.1 Environmental mitigation..............................................................................................................80 7.2 Environmental monitoring .............................................................................................................86 7.3 Responsibilities for mitigation and monitoring......................................................................88 7.4 Training plan.......................................................................................................................................89 8 Public participation and publicizing ........................................................................................................94 8.1 Public participation..........................................................................................................................94 8. 2 Publicizing...........................................................................................................................................94 2 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Executive Summary The following summarizes the environmental assessment for Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant and associated transmission system development. General description 1. The site of Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant (Sihe Plant) lies in the west of Shanxi Province, China. The area possesses abundant coal resources but lacks in power supply relatively. Most power consumption relies on delivery of the middle and northern grids of Shanxi power grid. There is no planning of building a large power plant to supply power for local area. It is predicted that electric power shortage of Jincheng Municipality will exceed 1000MW by the year 2010. As a major industry in Jincheng Municipality, Jincheng Anthracite Mining Group needs construct comprehensive industries in order to satisfy itself development and power construction is included in the development program. When Jincheng Anthracite Mining Group builds Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant, it is able to supply Jincheng power grid redundant power to alleviate tight supply of Jincheng power grid. Using gas engines for power generation, Sihe Plant can strengthen peak regulating capacity of the power grid, improve power supply structure and enhance operational safety and reliability of Jincheng power grid. 2. Sihe mining area bears abundant coal-bed gas and coal-bed gas content volume is up to 15.04~19.23 m3 per ton of coal. Coal-bed gas there can be exploited for 36 years. Sihe Plant using coal-bed gas for power generation belongs to a pit- mouth power plant. Compared with building a power plant in other pla ce, this project will relieve pressure on fuel transportation. Utilizing coal-bed gas to generate power has some advantages such as reducing threat to safe mining production and greenhouse gas emission (CH4). In addition, there is an existing coal-bed gas extraction station in Sihe mining area. Investment to building a gas extraction station can be conserved if a coal-bed gas power plant is constructed here. i Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 3. Construction of Sihe Plant complies with environmentaland industrial policies. It has been approved by State Development and Plan Committee with the document [2001]2749. Land requisition and water resource acquisition of the Plant have both been approved by the departments with relevant documents. 4. Static investment of this project (i.e. capital investment) amounts to approximately 645.65 millions Yuan (RMB), of which self-possessed fund accounts for 25% i.e. 162.16 millions Yuan and principal of a loan accounts for 75% i.e. 486.48 millions Yuan. The Plant will apply for a loan of 97.3 million Yuan with annual loan interest rate of 5.76% from China Bank andapply for a loan of 47.06 millions dollars from Asian Development Bank (ADB), converted into 389.18 million Yuan if one dollar can be changed to 8.27 Yuan, with annual loan interest rate of 2.8% from the 2nd year. The grace period of ADB is 5 years, refundment deadline is 20 years, and the loan returning period is 25 years totally. Interest of construction period reaches 43.05 million Yuan. Dynamic investment amounts to 691.69 million Yuan. 5. The EIA report for Sihe Plant using gas turbine combined cycle device for power generation was completed in September 2002 by Meteorological Science Research Institute of China and approved on Jan. 30 2003 by State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) with the document Huan Shen [2003] No. 41. The EIA report after gas turbine combined cycle device was alternated is going to be approved further. The auxiliary 110kV power transmission project is in the charge of Jincheng Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and its environmental impact registration form has been approved by this bureau. In the light of Operational Policy on environmental assessment (OP4.01) of the World Bank, the project of Sihe Plant (the Project) is classified as Catalogue B which needs to submit an EA report to the World Bank. 6. Following a review by the World Bank, it was also determined to supplement the environmental assessment studies with the assistance of a consultancy contract to aid with the production of an EA report including the associated transmission system to fully comply with the World Bank requirements. ii Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Project description 7. Sihe Plant is located at the southern foot of Taihang Mountain in the southeast part of Shanxi Province. Topography around the Plant is composed of low mountains, hills and river valleys. The Plant site is closed to Hou (ma)-Yue (Shan) railway on the east. On the east of the railway is Qinhe River approximately 310m away the Plant. On the south of the Plant is the coal-bed gas extraction station which will supply the Plant coal-bed gas. On the west of the Plant is a 7m-wide road for transporting coal gangue. There is no village beside the Plant and the nearest village around is Qincui Village 400m away on the west. The relative drop in level within 1km area centering the Plant is 50m and ground elevation within 3km area centering the Plant is between 530-770m. 8. Construction scale of Sihe Plant is at 100MW level. Most coal-bed gas is supplied by the Gas Extraction Station on the south of the Plant with a 100m- long gas transporting pipeline. In the fact, the Plant and the Gas Extraction Station composes a small industrial zone. 9. Essential ingredient of coal-bed gas is CH4 analogous to natural gas, which is a kind of clean energy. Pollutant emitted from the power plant with coal-bed gas is principally NOX with no smoke dust or solid waste,SO2 can be ignored. 10. Sihe Plant will employ gas engines to generate electric power. In the feasibility study report, it is proposed to adopt Model G3516 units supplied by US Caterpillar Company. The capacity of a single unit is 975kw and installed capacity of 96 sets of units in the Plant adds up to 93.6MW. Every 6 gas engines are linked to a 4.4t/h exhaust heat boiler and every 4 such boilers are linked to a 3MW steam turbine. The installed capacity of the whole Plant reaches 105.6MW. Each chimney of 16 exhaust heat boilers is 40m high and it's inside diameter is 3m. NOX emission in total from chimneys is 212kg per hour and concentration is 180mg/Nm3 (15% O2 content, dry flue gas), which is in accordance with the World Bank requirement of 2000 mg/Nm3 (15% O2 content iii Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant and dry flue gas)----ambient levels of ozone less than 120µg/m3(8-hour) and nitrogen dioxide less than 150µg/m3 (24-hour), receiving funding applications after July 1, 2000; in other cases, the maximum emission level is 300mg/Nm3). There is no this kind of standards in China now. 11. Sihe Plant adopts secondary circulation cooling system. Every steam turbine is fitted with a 1000m3/h mechanical drought cooling tower, totally 4 sets. Total make-up water of 100m3/h is needed for cooling towers and other industrial utilization. The make-up water comes from shallow ground water at the river shoal of Qinhe River. After reasonability of water catchment is demonstrated, it is concluded that reserve volume of shallow ground water is 37.50 million m3 and it has strong regulating capacity. Shanxi Provincial Water Resource Management Committee approved the application for water intake of Sihe Plant by the Document Jinshuizifa [2003] No. 57. Sihe Plant will make wells on the benchland within approximately 300~500m-wide area along Yinzhuang- Liuzhuang-Lizhuang reach of Qinhe River. Find the benchland position in Figure 3.3-2. There is a 1000m3 reservoir to be built in the Plant for storage of pumped ground water. 12. Main sewage of Sihe Plant is domestic sewage, oil contaminated wastewater and acidic and alkaline wastewater, totally 12t/h. The water goes into the Sewage Treatment Station of Sihe industrial square (STS) after being treatedrespectively by septic tank, oil & water separator and neutralization pond. Rain water is discharged through separate system. The drainage from cooling water system is used for floor washing and green land irrigating. The excess is discharged to STS. Climate characteristic 13. The region where Sihe Plant is located belongs to semi humid area of warm and humid zone of East Asia monsoon region. The climate is continental climate with clear-cut four seasons. Average annual wind velocity is 2.2m/s. Leading wind direction in a year is NS direction, 10% and S direction 12%.Leading wind iv Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant direction in summers is S direction, 15%; and that in winters is NW direction, 17%. Baseline atmospheric quality 14. In the Jincheng municipal planned industrial zone where Sihe Plant is located, there are only two small pollution sources around. One is the 4x2MW Coal-bed Gas Pilot Power Plant 100m away the Project with only 14.1t/y emission of NOX. The other is Jiafeng (coal fired) Power Plant 3.5km away the Project with 790t/y emission of smoke dust and 506t/y emission of SO2, no NOX emission record. 15. The principal impact on ambient air produced bySihe Plant will be NO2. Therefore, monitoring analysis of status quo of atmospheric environment is conducted mainly upon NO2. The monitor ing results of status quo of ambient air quality around Sihe Plant (3kmx8km) are: average daily concentration of NO2 meets the requirement of class II in Ambient air quality standard (GB3095-1996) with max value of 0.059mg/Nm3 occupying 49% of class II sta ndard, also in compliance with requirements of the World Bank and World Health Organization (WHO). NO2 concentration of an hour also meets the requirement of class II in Ambient air quality standard (GB3095-1996). Mitigation measures for atmospheric pollutants 16. Main air pollutant of Sihe Plant is NOX. According to the feasibility report said in the 10th article mentioned above, configuration of boilers and stacks causes flue gas emission through low stacks to be too small (outlet velocity of every stack is 11.65m3/s) and almost no plume rise. As a result, impact on ground concentration of NO2 nearby far exceeds the hourly concentration limit 0.24 mg/Nm3 in class II standard of national standard GB3096-1996. That can not meet relevant requirements and so the Plant should consider relevant issues from the view point of environmental protection. v Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 17. The consultant expert suggests that every section workshopbe equipped with a 60m-long stack with inside diameter is 2m. Thus equipment configuration is in line with the feasibility report; however, how flue gas outlets of 4 exhaust heat boilersare connected to stacks should be considered. Flue gas from 4 exhaust heat boilers will be emitted from one stack (totally 4 stacks in the Plant) and then outlet velocity of every stack will be 46.6m 3/s (flue gas temperature 160? , dry ), and NOX emission will be 53kg/h, totally 212kg/h. Ground concentration of NO2 would drop greatly and comply with relevant standards when this measure is carried out. Environment atmospheric impact perdition 18. NOX emission concentration of Sihe Plant is 180mg/Nm3 (15%O2 content, dry flue gas), which is in accordance with the World Bank's requirement. There is no relevant standard in China. 19. On the promise of building 4 stacks of 60m height in the Plant for NOX emission, average annual concentration of NO2 emission in the surroundings has the max value of 0.0035mg/Nm3; the max average daily concentration is 0.087mg/Nm3; the max concentration of an hour is 0.123 mg/Nm3. They all meet requirements of standards of China (separately 0.08, 0.12 and 0.24mg/Nm3 in Ambient air quality standard, GB3095-1996) and the World Bank. Superposition of all concerned monitoring values also meet standards of China and the World Bank. Alternative schemes 20. Sihe Plant can also replace 975kW single unit now with larger scale single unit such as 1800kW of gas engines and fit exhaust heat boilers of larger evaporation capacity so as to increase flue gas volume at outlets of the stacks and efficient rise height. Meanwhile, with dilution nitrogen burning technique and adjustment of ratio between fuel and air, NOX emission concentration can be reduced to 90mg/Nm3 (15% O2 content and dry flue gas). Thus the Plant can mitigate impact on ground NO2 concentration incurred by NOX emission of the Plant. vi Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Aquatic environment 21. Water for living in Sihe Plant is supplied by the domestic water supply system of Sihe Industrial Square in compliance with GB5479-85 PRC Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water. 22. Industrial water of Sihe Plant is taken from shallow ground water at river shoal of Qinhe River in compliance with utilization requirements after being assayed by Shanxi Provincial Water Resource Research Institute. 23. The sewage treatment station of Sihe Industrial Square was put into operation in July of 2002. Outgoing water quality from the station is in compliance with Grade I standard for urban secondary sewage treatment plants of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) (table 3.7-2). The outgoing water can be reused. Sihe Plant is located in STS area and effluent volume of the Project has been considered in accommodation volume plan of the station in Jiafeng Town 1.5km away eastern boundary of Sihe Plant. Mitigation measures and impact prediction for aquatic environment 24. The 1t/h acidic and alkaline waste water of Sihe Plant after being treated in the neutralization pond and 0.8t/h sewage of exhaustedheat boilers runs into the Sewage Treatment Station (STS) of Sihe Industrial Square. 25. Oil contaminatedwaste water of Sihe Plant (5t/h) runs into STS after being treated by oil and water separator. 26. Domestic sewage of Sihe Plant (5t/h) is discharged to STS after being treated by septic tank. 27. Circulating water treatment depends on physical method mainly. And drainage from cooling towers (7t/h) is used for floor washing and green land irrigating. The excess (16t/h) is discharged to STS. vii Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 28. Wastewater of Sihe Plant is discharged into STS with no impact on water environment. 29. Rainwater within Sihe Plant site is discharged through separate system. Acoustic e nvironment 30. Noise levels in the proposed plant are 47 dB(A) at daytime and 42.2 dB(A) at nighttime, less than Catalogue III ( 65 dB(A) at daytime and 55 dB(A) at nighttime) of Standard of Environment Noise of Urban Area (GB3096-93). 31. From environmental noise, major objectives to be protected are Qinzhuang village and Yinzhuang Village, of which noise at daytime was 55~57dB(A) and at nighttime was 45-49dB(A), not higher than Catalogue III of Standard of Environment Noise of Urban Area. Mitigation measures and impact prediction for noiseenvironment 32. Sihe Plant needs to take the following measures---- noise insulation, vibration insulation of the base, noise absorption indoor and fitting exhaust muffler, so as to mitigate noise source discharging. Noise of 5-15 dB(A) can be reduced usually if these measures are carried out. Exhaust muffler can reduce noise by 30dB. 33. Sihe Plant when completed will cause a little noise impact on the nearest 2 villages----Qinzhuang and Yinzhuang Villages which is in compliance with Catalogue III of Standard of Environment Noise of Urban Area (GB3096-93). 34. Noise levels at boundary of Sihe Plant when completed will rise; however, around the Plant is the railway, highway, gas extraction station and Sihe gas pilot plant. There will be no noise impact on residents. Boundary noise is less than 65 dB(A) in compliance with noise standard for industrial areas of the World Bank. viii Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Ecological environment 35. Sihe Plant is located in industrial zone occupying barren land. There is no rare and endangered plant or animal. No impact would be produced on ecological environment around. For the reason that 11,700m2 of green land will be constructed in the Plant, it will improve ecological environment there. Social economic and living quality standard 36. Sihe Plant construction can alleviate tight power shortage of the power grid, improve power supply structure, and enhance safe and economic operation of the power grid. 37. Sihe Plant, compared with construction of the same capacity coal-fired power plant,can save 266.1 thousands tons of raw coal every year. 38. Annual reduced 151.14 millions m3 of CH4 by Sihe Plant is equivalent to 2.12 millions tons of CO2. Greenhouse gas emission is decreased and environment is protected. 39. When Sihe Plant is built up, it will reduce emission of 2,661 tons of SO2, 532 tons of smoke dust and 52,550 tons of slag every yearcompared with corresponding capacity coal-fired power plant. That is helpful to improving environment. 40. Because of increasing of electric power, the dwelling around can use more power. It will improve power shortage situation and raise living quality of people. Transmission line 41. Designed according of the national design specification, the associated 6km 110kV transmission line does neither go through ecological sensitive areas nor cross over residential houses. And the occupied land of 576m2 for tower ix Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant foundation has been compensated accordingly. The transmission line has little impact on the dwelling nearby. Environmental and safe management and monitoring 42. There will be professional personnel in Sihe Plant responsible for environmental protection work,supervision and management of environmental protection work and receiving inspection and supervision of local environmental protection department. Some monitoring work can also be undertaken by chemical personnel of the Plant or local Environmental Monitoring Station. 43. Sihe Plant is located at the edge of Sihe mining area where coal columns are reserved to protect the mining area. Its construction and operation have no impact on coal mining. 44. When Sihe Plant is completed, SEPA will instruct the departments concerned to fulfill acceptance of the completed project and comprehensive inspection whether environmental facility is built up and whether mitigation measures are in compliance with relevant regulations. If not eligible, the Plant would be given punishment. Similarly, the Plant safe conditions, safe instruments and management will be inspected by State Supervision and Management Bureau of Safe Production. 45. Sihe Plant has prepared monitoring plan and should carry out environmental monitoring strictly according to the monitoring plan. It should monitor normal operation of environmental facility and standard conformation of pollutant discharge. 46. For security guarantee facility and fire and blast prevention work of the Plant, a management system of special personnel in charge of monitor and checkup will be established. x Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 1. Introduction 1.1 Jincheng Anthracite Mining Corporation of Shanxi Province (JAMC) is proposed to build a 105.6MW coal-bed gas power plant (the Project). The power plant site is located in Sihe mining area of Jincheng Municipality, Shanxi Province. Its auxiliary projects contain approx. 6km length of 110kV power transmission lines, expansion of two 30000m3 gas tanks and a coal-bed gas pressurizing station. Coal- bed gas which the power plant demands is to be supplied by Sihe mining of JAMC on the power plant site. 1.2 There is a Gas Extraction Station in Sihe mining area. Gas demanded by the power plant can be guaranteed as long as the existing extraction pumps are replacedwith two new pumps. 1.3 In the west of Jincheng mining area in Jincheng City, Shanxi Province, Sihe mining is located in the southeast part of Shanxi Province and at the southern foot of Taihang Mountain, covering a total area of 960km2. As a component of Qinshui coal-bed gas collective belt of North of China, Sihe mining is one of the discovered areas in China nowadays with the high reserves of coal-bed gas. 1.4 The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report of the Project has been completed according to the laws and regulations on environmental protection of China and has been approved by State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) of China in Jan 2003. The EIA report after gas turbine combined cycle device was alternated is going to be approved further. The auxiliary 110kV power transmission project is in the charge of Jincheng Municipal Environmental Protection Bureauand its environmental impact registration form has been approved by this bureau. In line with the environmental policies of the World Bank such as the Operational Policy on Environmental Assessment (OP4.01) and related documents, the Project belongs to catalogue B for which a relevant EIA report shall be delivered to the World Bank. 1 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 1.5 The independent consultancy work involves not only environmental laws and policies of China but alsoenvironmental policies and standards of the World Bank so as to prepare an English report (the Report) in conformance with the World Bank EA requirements and technical requirements. 1.6 Relevant basic values, risk analysis and public participation in existingChinese EIA reports are employed in preparation of the Report. 1.7 The independent consultancy work will also take environmental management, safety and human health into consideration in the Report. 2 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 2. Environmental protectionpolicy, law and administrative system 2.1 The environmental protection administration and organization in China Environmental protection in China is mainly led and supervised by the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) and its subordinate provincial, municipal and county Environmental Protection Bureaus. The environmental monitoring is implemented by the corresponding EnvironmentalMonitoring Stations. The overall environmental administrative framework is shown in Fig. 2.1-1. The local monitoring stations provide reports seasonally or annually for the monitoring station at regional, provincial and national levels. The Environmental Protection Bureaus are also responsible for the supervision of the Environmental Monitoring Stations at the same level. 2.2 Laws and polices on environmental protection of China 2.2.1 Laws and regulations on environmental protection of China (1) PRC Environmental Protection Law, Dec. 26, 1989 (2) PRC Air Pollution Prevention and Mitigation Law, Sep. 1, 2000 (3) PRC Water Pollution Prevention and Mitigation Law, May 15, 1996 (4) PRC Environmental Noise Prevention and Mitigation Law, Mar. 1, 1997 (5) PRC Environmental Impact Assessment Law, Sep. 1, 2003 (6) PRC Cleaner ProductionPromotion Law, Jan. 1, 2003 (7) Approval of State CouncilRegarding Relevant Problems of Acid Rain Control Area and SO2 Pollution Control Area, Guohan [1998] No.5 (8) National Tenth Five-year Plan of Environmental Protection, Guohan [2001]No. 169 2.2.2 According to PRC Environmental Impact Assessment Law, it is necessary for a project, in its feasibility study stage, to carry out an environmental impact assessment. The EIA report of Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant (Sihe Plant) has been finished by the EIA Center of Meteorological Science Research Institute of China (MSRIC) and approved by SEPA on Jan. 30 2003. The EIA report after gas turbine combined cycle device was alternated is going to be approved further. The auxiliary 110kV power transmission project is in the charge of Jincheng 3 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and its environmental impact registration form has been approved by this bureau. 2.3 International conventions that the PRC is party to The PRC is party to a series of international conventions such as The Convention on Biological Diversity 1992, The Convention on Wetlands, Ramsar, Iran, 1971, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, World Heritage Convention and so on. For the Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, the PRC has signed but the Protocol is not ratified. Sihe Plant is expected to use coal-bed gas for power generation. It is good for reduction of greenhouse gas emission and protection of ozone layer. 2.4 Policies on environmental protection of the World Bank 2.4.1The World Bank has established guidelines to ensure that borrowers can express appropriately environmental impacts incurred by their proposed projects. They must consider various alternative schemes of the project to be constructed, develop control measures to alleviate the unavoidable impacts and ensure the implementation of these measures. 2.4.2The World Bank Operational Policy on environmental assessment (OP4.01) provides generalguidelines for the preparation of EIA reports. 2.4.3 In the appraisal stage, the World Bank screens projects according to their potential adverse environmental impacts. Projects are designated into catalogue A, B, C or F1. Sihe Plant will yield electric power with coal-bed gas. It is designated as catalogue B. EIA shall be conducted upon the Project accordingly. 2.5 Environmental standards in China, the World Bank and World Health Organization (WHO) 2.5.1 The environmental standards of China Sihe Plant shall meet are shown in table 2.5-1. 4 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 2.5.2 The World Bank issuedrelevant emissionstandards and ambient air quality standards which can be used for power plants. Table 2.5-2 shows the World Bank general environmental protection guidelines for power plant. Table 2.5-3 shows ambient air quality guidelines of the World Bank and World Health Organization. Table 2.5-4 shows wastewater effluent standards for thermal power plants by the World Bank. Table 2.5-5 shows recommended noise standards by the World Bank. 2.5.3 Nowadays, there is no emission standard for non-road machine in China. It should include emission limits for gas engine as Sihe Plant will use. Therefore emission limits for the Plant can not be provide d from PRC. The corresponding World Bank emission standard will be followed for the EIA. State Environmental Protection Administration State Environmental Monitoring Station Shanxi Provincial Shanxi Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau Environmental Monitoring Station Jincheng Municipal Jincheng Municipal Environmental Monitoring Station Environmental Protection Bureau 5 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Yangcheng County Yangcheng County Environmental Monitoring Station Environmental Protection Bureau Fig 2.1-1 PRC Environmental Administrative System 6 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Table 2.5-1 PRC Standards Implemented in EIA of Sihe Plant Table 2.5-1a PRC AmbientAir Standards Standard name Standard Value (mg/m3) Ambient air SO2 NO2 TSP PM10 quality standard Hourly average 0.5 0.24 - - (GB3095-1996) Daily average 0.15 0.12 0.30 0.20 Annual daily avg. 0.06 0.08 0.15 0.10 Table2.5-1b PRC Integrated wastewater discharge standards (mg/l) Item Integrated waste water discharge Data Standard GB8978-1996( Grade 1) pH 6-9 Oil 5 COD 60 BOD 20 SS 20 Volatile 0.5 NH3-N 15 Table 2.5-1c PRC Standard of noise assessment( Leq dB(A)) Standard value Functional area Implemented standard dB( A) Day Night Standard of environmental noise of Environment/area urban area( GB3096-- 65 55 93) catalogue? No allowable to Standard of environmental noise of Sudden noise at night 15dB over standard urban area( GB3096--93) value Standard of noise at boundary of Boundary (industrial industrial enterprises( GB12348-- 65 55 zone) 90) catalogue? 7 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Work limit time per dB( A) day 8 85 Standard of design sanitary of Work place 4 88 industrial enterprises( GBZ1--2002) 2 91 1 94 1/2 97 1/4 100 1/8 103 No higher than 115dB(A) at the most ? Electromagnetic radiation The following is recommended limits by HJ/T24-1998Technical regulations on environmental impact assessment of electromagnetic radiation produced by 500kV ultrahigh voltage transmission and transfer power engineering. · For radio interference of high-voltage power transmission lines, Radio interference limits for high-voltage AC aerial transmission lines (GB-15707- 1995) states the limit is less than 55dB(µV/m) when making measurement at 0.5MHz at 20m away from the projection of side lines on the ground in sunny days. · There is no national standard for electric field intensity and magnetic field intensity of ultra-voltage power transmission facilities. Now 4kV/m is recommended as the assessment standard for electric field intensity in residential area; and 0.1mT recommended by International Radiant Protection Association, for magnetic field intensity for public all-day radiation. The World Bank has no standards on this respect. Similar projects in China meet the above criteria. Table 2.5-2 World Bank General environmental Guidelines for Engine-Driven Power Plants Environment Criteria 8 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Resource For gas engine power plants, attention in EIA should be paid especially to NOX emission. For ambient levels of ozone less than 120µg/m3 (8-hour) and nitrogen dioxide less than 150µg/m3 (24- Air emission hour), the maximum emission level is 2000mg/m3 (15% O2 content, dry) for projects receiving funding applications after July 1 2000. In other cases, the maximum emission level is 300mg/Nm3 (15% O2 content, dry) WHO and World Bank recommended limits are shown in Table Ambient air 2.5-3. It has a priority to meet PRC local and national standards if quality they are available. Water Refer to table 2.5-4, requirements on wastewater by the World Bank The World Bank stipulated the maximum limits for ambient noise Noise and increment based on background noise. See table 2.5-5. Table2.5-4 World Bank effluent standards for engine-driven power plants parameter Maximum (mg/L) pH 6-9 Total suspended solids 50 Oil and grease 10 Temperature increase no less or equal to 3? a aThe effluent should result in a temperature increase of no more than 3 degree Celsius at the edge of the zone where initial mixing and dilution takes place. Where the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge provided there is no sensitive aquatic ecosystem within the mixing zone. Table 2.5 -5 the World Bank ambient noise standard Function domain Allowable max per hour (dB) Daytime (07:00-22:00) Night time (22:00-07:00) Residential area and 55 45 education and research area Industrial zone and business 70 70 9 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant area The max increment of 3dB is allowed to ambient noise. 10 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 3. General description of the Project 3.1 Project name, size and primary composition (1) Project name Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant (Sihe Plant) (2) Construction unit Jincheng Anthracite Mining Corporation of Shanxi Province (JAMC) (3) Size and composition ? Total installed capacity: 105.6MW. ? Auxiliary projects · 2 gas tanks, 3000m3each · 5 compressors, four sets working and one set spare · 4 water wells, 30m3/h of output each · 2km of water piping · 100m of gas piping 3.2 Principle of coal-bed gas generation Air enters into turbocharger from air filter and reaches the mixer. At the same time, coal-bed gas goes into the mixer after pressure control valve. The mixed gas of filtered air and coal-bed gas is deflagrated by electric firing and pushes the piston and crank to move and rotate, which drives the engines to generate. And then exhausted gas enters into exhaust heat boiler to produce steam and drives the steam turbine to generate power. See figure 3.2-1. There are totally 96x0.975MW gas engines in the Plant. And one exhaust heat boiler is connected with every 6 engines. There are totally 16 sets of exhaust heat boilers. Every 4 boilers are connected with 1x3MW steam turbine. The Plant has 4 section plants. Every section plant is fitted with 24 gas engines, 4 exhaust heat boilers and 1 steam turbine. 11 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 3.3 Geographical position and justification 3.3.1 Geographical positionand justification 3.3.1.1 The mining area of JAMC is located in the south-east of Shanxi Province at the southern foot of Taihang Mountain (see figure 3.3-1). It crosses Jincheng Municipality, Zezhou County, Yangcheng County and Qinshui County. The proposed Sihe Plant is located at industrial square of Sihe mining area within Panzhuang village, Qinshui County in the west of Jincheng mining area. Topography around Sihe Plant site is composed of low mountains, hills and river valleys. Downtown of Qinshui County lies to the northwest toward west and 33.2km away the Plant. Jincheng urban area lies to southeast toward east and 37km away from the Plant. YangchengCounty downtown lays to southwest toward south and 17km away the Plant. 3.3.1.2 The Plant site is closed to Hou (ma)-Yue (shan) railway on the east. On the east of the railway is Qinhe River 310m away from the Plant. On the south of the Plant is the coal-bed Gas Extraction Station of Sihe mining Industrial Square. This station will supply the Plant with gas. On the west of the Plant is a 7m-wide road for the mining area to transport coal gangue. 3.3.1.3 There is no village beside the Plant and the nearest villages around is Qinzhuang Village 500m away on the west, Yinzhuang Village about 650m away on the southeast, Liuzhuang Village 1000m away on the north and Panzhuang Village 1300m away on the northeast. 3.3.1.4 Besides Hou-Yue railway on the east of the Plant, there are arterial highways northward to Changzhi and Taiyuan, southward to Jincheng and westward to Houma. 3.3.1.5 Land elevation within 3km away from the Plant site is between 530-770m; and relative elevation within 1km away from the Plant site is 50m or so. 12 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 3.3.2 Justification (1) Electric power system 3.3.2.1 At the end of 2000, the total installed capacity of Shanxi Province is 12839.43MW, of which 1950MW is supplied to power grids of Beijing-Tianjin- Tangshan area, south power grid of Hebei Province and power grid of Yulin area of Shanxi Province. Generating power of the whole Shanxi Province reachs 62.07 billion kWh in 2000 and increased by 9.47% of the last year. And generating power consumption within the province was 50.21 billion kWh, 9.99% higher than 1999. 3.3.2.2 Jincheng Municipal power grid is the terminal of Shanxi Provincial power grids. There is no large supply source in the grid today. (6x350MW Yangcheng Power Plant is a special project supplying Jiangsu Province with electric power.) Jincheng Municipality belongs to power import area. It is anticipated that Jincheng Municipality would lack of over 1000MW capacity till 2010. Construction of Sihe Plant will decrease power import and enhance safety and economical efficiency of the power grids. 3.3.2.3 Relatively perfect power generation and supply system has come into being in the JAGC mining area. Nowadays, there is a total installed capacity of 52MW, of which 4x2MW (experiment units) Sihe Pilot Plant supplying power and heat together put into production recently. Two 110kV substations in service within the mining area are Laoqu 110kV Center Substation and Chengzhuang 110kV substation with the main transformer capacity of (2x31.5+16)MVA and 2x16MVA separately. There are 9 substations 33.5kV each to supply radiantly power by the above two substations. 3.3.2.4 The output of power from the Plant is to connect 110kV transmission lines directly with 110kV DuanshiSubstation in the system and then interconnect with Jincheng power grid. Those 110kV lines are approx. 6km long and of LGJ-240 type. See figure 3.3-2. (2) The project benefits 13 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 3.3.2.5 Jincheng mining area holds in store abundant coal-bed gas resource, which guarantees enough fuel for the proposed power plant. Building a power plant here can reduce fuel transportation pressure and save investment as building a coal-firedpower plant at a pit mouth. 3.3.2.6 Coal-bed gas is concomitant of coal mine. In excavation of coal mine, gas must be drawn off before normal production of coalmining. Applying coal-bed gas in generation is a favorable measure to preserve energy. It can save 266,100 tons of raw coal annually compared with construction of the same capacity coal- fired power plant. 3.3.2.7 Coal-bed gas extraction for generation can reduce threat to safe production of coal mines. If there is plenty of coal-bed gas in coal mine, it will incur explosion easily. It is obvious that coal-bed gas extraction for generation can reduce gas in coal mine and accordingly eliminate threat to coal mines to avoid explosion. 3.3.2.8 Building of Sihe Plant can decrease emission of greenhouse gases. Essential ingredient of coal-bed gas is CH4 listed at the second place of greenhouse gases after CO2. If coal-bed gas is discharged to air instead of being used, it will increase greenhouse gases. Utilizing coal-bed gas in generation is in conformance with Kyoto Protocol and helpful to environmental protection. 3.3.2.9 As a kind of clean energy, coal-bed gas generation can hardly emit SO2 or dust with no solid waste in comparison with coal fired power plant. This is very helpful to environment. 3.3.2.10 Approximately 100m away from the gas tank of the Plant, there is a Gas Extraction Station in operation in Sihe mining. As long as the two extraction pumps with an output of 260m3/minute are replaced with another two of 460m3/minute, the station can meet requirements of the Plant and save investigation. 14 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 3.4 Layout in the plant site 3.4.1 Specification and environmental facilities of Sihe Plant are shown in Table 3.4- 1. 3.4.2 Sihe Plant site covers an area of 75,209m2 approximately. A requisition of an area of 75320m2 is made for the Project without removalof residents. The land of the area need to be leveledoff and then is divided into three levels according to elevation: at 585.00m level is section plants and auxiliary buildings; at 574.00m level is No. 1 gas tank; and at 568.00m level is No. 2 gas tank. Grade of slop on the site is 5, convenient to discharge water on the ground. Side slope and breast wall should be fitted at joint of several steps. The recommended layout of the Plant site is shown in Figure 3.4-1. From the layout, 110kV transmission lines are located on the northeast. Water piping, about 2km long, imports water from shallow ground water on western bank of Qinhe River. There are 4 section plants and steam turbine house is separately arranged on the north of each section plant. Exhaust heat boilers and generator coolers are fitted outdoor. 3.5 Fuel and air pollution mitigation 3.5.1 Fuel 3.5.1.1 Fuel for Sihe Plant is coal-bed gas called gas. Coal-bed gas for the Plant is supplied by Sihe mining area where the content of coal-bed gas reaches 15.04- 19.53m3 per ton of coal. And reserve volume of gas there is 20,662.81Mm3 with an exploitable volume of 7,430.37Mm3. Coal-bed gas content and reserve volumes and exploitable volume are shown in Table 3.5-1. 3.5.1.2 According to coal-bed gas extraction system of Sihe mining designed by Branch institute of Chongqing Coal Science Research Institute, designed extraction capability is 200m3/min at initial stage and final designed capability is 400m3/min. Based on 400m3/min, it is calculated that Sihe mining gas can be exploited for service for 36 years. 15 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 3.5.1.3 Contents of pure coal-bed gas of Sihe mining are shown in Table 3.5-2 according to information provided by Branch institute of Chongqing Coal Science Research Institute. 3.5.1.4 The permanent coal-bed gas extraction system under Sihe mines was put into operation in Mar. 2001. Approximately 100m away the gas tank of the Plant, the Gas Extraction Station has now four gas extraction pumps. Two 260m3/min extraction pumps need to be replaced with another two 460m3/min pumps. Designed extraction amount year by year is shown in Table 3.5-3. 3.5.1.5 Consumptions of natural coal-bed gas in coal well by gas engines of the Plant are shown in Table 3.5-4. 3.5.1.6 According to coal-bed gas extraction plan, till 2004 gas extraction amount can reach 102. 44MNm3 per year (converted into pure coal-bed gas), and pure gas consumption will be 91.2MNm3 per year when the first gas engines (48 engines) are to be put into service in 2004. Till 2006 gas extraction volume can reach 136.5MNm3/year, and pure gas consumption in total per year will be 136.8MNm3 when the secondgas engines (24 engines in the Plant) are put into service in 2006. Till 2008 gas extraction volume can reach 187.49Mm3/year, and pure gas consumption per year in total will be 171.52Mm3 when the third gas engines (24 engines in the Plant) are put into production in 2008. Coal-bed gas extraction can meet gas consumption demand properly. 3.5.1.7 Sihe Plant will build 2x3000m3 wet gas tanks for gas consumption of more than 1 hour. 3.5.2 Ambient air pollution mitigation 3.5.2.1 Main pollutants of the Project are NOX, SO2 and dust which can be ignored. Emission concentration of NOX is 180mg/Nm3 (15% O2 content, dry) and 212kg per hour in total for 96 gas engines. 16 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 3.5.2.2 In the originalfeasibility study report, each exhaust heat boiler is connected to a stack. There are 16 stacks in total with height 40m and. inside diameter 3m of every stack. A stack emits 13.25kg/h of NOX. This scheme is unfeasible for environment. So the consultant expert recommends every 4 exhaust heat boilers are connected to one stack. There are 4 stacks in total with the height of 60m and inside diameter of 2m each. The NOX emission is 53kg per year from each stack. 3.6 Noise pollution and mitigation 3.6.1 Noise pollution 3.6.1.1 Noise pollution comes mainly from gas engines, steam turbines, coal-bed gas compressors and cooling towers. 3.6.1.2 Noise level of each above said equipment is between 80-95 dB (A). 3.6.2 Mitigation 3.6.2.1 Noise pollution can be mitigated through equipment option, indoor equipment arrangement, installations of sound absorption and insulation cages, vibration insulation of the base and exhaust mufflers and so on. 3.7 Water supply and water treatment 3.7.1 Water source and makeup water system 3.7.1.1 Industrial water of Sihe Plant comes from shallow ground water on the bank of Qinhe River. It is planned to dig four wells beside Qinhe River with an output of 30m3/h each, 120m3/h totally. Water in the wells will be lifted by pumps and go into a 1000m3 water reservoir in the Plant through about 2km-long piping. The application for taking water was approved by Shanxi Provincial Water Source Management Committee with Jin Shui Zi Fa [2003] No. 57 Document. Sihe Plant will make wells on the benchland within approx. 300~500m-wide area along Yinzhuang-Liuzhuang-Lizhuang reach of Qinhe River. Find the benchland position in Figure 3.3-2.Water for living is to be supplied by the domestic water supply system of Sihe mining. 3.7.1.2 Cooling water system of steam turbines of Sihe Plant contains condenser cooling water, oil cooler cooling water and air cooler cooling water. The Plant 17 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant use secondary circulating water supply system with cooling towers. Every steam turbine is equipped with one 1000m3/h of mechanical drought cooling tower. 3.7.1.3 The circulating water amount of cooling water system is 3784m3/h (see Table 3.7-1) and makeup water is 87m3/h. Makeup water of the whole Plant is 100m3/h plus unexpected water (see Table 3.7-2). 3.7.1.4 Water balance diagram is shown in Figure 3.7-1. 3.7.2 Feed water treatment Industrial water treatment 3.7.2.1 At northeast corner of Sihe Plant is a 1000m3 reservoir of which water is used for industrial water, chemical water treatment, circulating cooling feed water and fire fighting water. 3.7.2.2 Production water is supplied by two feed pumps beside the reservoir. Additionally there are two fire pumps for supply of fire fighting water. Boiler feed water treatment 3.7.2.3 The exhaust heat boiler feed water treatment system comprises: reverse osmosis and demineralising system using mixed bedion exchange resins. 3.7.2.4 Sterilization and scaling prevention is conducted upon circulating cooling water by radio-frequency energy of particular spectra from high frequency electromagnetic wave. And a kind of "all rust cleaning" equipment is used to filter and absorb iron ion, suspended substance, bigger organic molecule, colloid, deposit and other impurity. 3.7.3 Wastewater treatment 3.7.3.1 Proposed wastewater treatment scheme of Sihe Plant is shown in Table 3.7-1. 3.7.3.2 The Plant designed 35t/h effluent volume of which 7t/h is reused for washing and irrigating and 28t/h is discharged to Sewage Treatment Stationof Sihe Industrial Square (STS). 18 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 3.7.3.3 Industrial system water goes into circulating water system directly. Drainage of cooling towers can be reused for floor washingand irrigating green-land. The excess drainage of cooling water is discharge to STS directly. 3.7.3.4 Domestic sewage, Oil contaminatedwastewater,acid and alkaline wastewater are discharged to STS after respective treatments by septic tank, oil and water separator and neutralization pond. 3.7.3.5 Rain water will be discharged to Qinhe River through separate piping in the Project. 3.7.3.6 It is concluded that other water would not be discharged to environment directly except rain water in the Project. 3.7.3.7 The sewage treatment station of Sihe industrial square was put into operation in July, 2002. Outgoing water quality from the station is in compliance with primary standard for urban secondary sewage treatment plants of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) (Table 3.7-4). Sihe Plant is located in STS area and effluent volume of the Project has been considered in accommodation volume plan of the station in Jiafeng Town 1.5km away eastern boundary of Sihe Plant. 3.8 Total pollutant emissions 3.8.1 Main pollutants of Sihe Plant after its completion are NOXand wastewater whichare given in Table 3.8-1. 3.9 Transportation engineering outside the plant 3.9.1 Transportation piping for coal-bed gas 3.9.1.1 A permanent extraction system under the mine has been built on the south of Sihe Plant. As described in 3.5.14, extraction amount of the station can meet demand of the Plant. The Gas Extraction Stationis about 100m away from gas tanks of the Plant. 19 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 3.9.1.2 The 100m-long coal-bed gas piping goes through barran land. 3.9.2 Water supply pipeline 3.9.2.1 Water source of the Plant comes from shallow ground water of Qinhe River through the 2km-long water piping toward reservoir in the Plant. 3.9.2.2 With the pipe diameter of DN150, the water piping goes by Qinhe River bank and crosses over Hou-yue railway. 3.9.3 Power transmission system 3.9.3.1 The 6km-long 110kV transmission lines of two circles go out of Sihe Plant from north east of the plant and reach the 110kV Duanshi Substation connected with Jincheng Municipal power grid. 3.9.3.2 The lines cross over Hou-yue railway, Qinhe River, highways at county level, 35kV and 110kV transmission lines. They do not go through any residential area or village. 3.9.3.3 There are totally 18 towers with an average distance of 352m between two towers. Most towers are terminal towers, strain towers and angle towers etc. 3.9.3.4 Wires are of LGJ-240 type and arranged at upper, medium and lower levels. 3.10 Construction schedule 3.10.1 Sihe plant construction schedule is shown in Table 3.9-1. 20 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Coal-bed gas Pressure control valve Deflagrated Air Air filter Turbocharg Mixer by electric er firing Piston moves andcrank rotates Exhaust gas Engines Steam into exhaust Generate turbine heat boiler Figure3.2-1 Outline of coal-bed gas generator principle 21 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Table 3.4-1 Major equipment and environmental facilities Item Sihe 105.6MW coal-bed gas power plant 105.6MW Installed capacity till 2004, 52.8MW and date of putting till 2006, 26.4MW in addition into operation till 2008, 26.4MW in addition 96x0.975MW=93.6MW Gas engines Every 24 gas engines compose a section plant, 4section plants totally Steam turbine 4x3MW=12MW Exhaust heat boiler 16 sets of exhaust heat boilers, 16x4.4t/h Voltage level of generators fitted with gas engines is 3.3kV. Generator Voltage level of generators fitted with steam turbines is 3.3kV. Capacity is 3.75MAV; cooling method is water cooling. Stack height and 16 stacks, each has the height and inside diameter of 40m and 3m; inside diameter of the consultant expert suggests 4 stacks, each has the height and its outlet inside diameter of 60m and 2m. Control effectof 180mg/Nm3 (dry, 15% O2 content) NOX emission Secondary circulating water supply system with cooling towers Cooling system (the steam turbines are fitted with 4 mechanical drought cooling towers) Treatment of Discharge tothe STS of Sihe Industrial Square after separate drainage primary treatment. Coal-bed gas 5 sets of centrifugal compressors compressor Gas tank 2x3000m3 wet gas tanks 22 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Table 3.5 -1 Content, reserve and exploitable volume of coal-bed gas of Sihe mines Coal- Mine fie ld Content Reserve Exploitable bed scope ( 91.2km2) volume( m3/t) volume ( Mm3) volume ( Mm3) No. 3 18.11 4109.52 1808.19 Western area of 9 15.16 563.95 242.5 Sihe mining( 24.8km2) 15 26.51 3254.37 1529.55 Subtotal 7927.84 3580.24 3 7.67 3712.59 705.39 5 7.67 468.63 84.35 Eastern area of 6 7.67 432.13 82.1 Sihe mining( 52.9km2) 9 10.26 1237.46 296.99 15 14.66 3049.29 897.34 Subtotal 8900.1 2066.17 3 14.76 1823.3 802.25 Spare area( under 9 19.57 396.29 190.22 administration of Sihe) ( 13.5km2) 15 24.17 1651.28 791.48 Subtotal 3834.87 1783.96 Total 20662.81 7430.37 Table 3.5 -2 Contents of pure coal -bed gas of Sihe mining Coal bed Content (%) number CH4 CO2 N2 C2- C8 No.3 94.06 2.90 3.02 0.02 No.9 96.98 2.19 0.78 0.05 No.15 95.54 2.18 2.21 0.07 23 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Note: The data in the above table come from data of Pan No.2 mine and low heat value is 35,160kJ/Nm3. Table 3.5-3 Designed extraction amount under Sihe mines year by year Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Pure coal-bed 85.62 102.44 105.83 136.50 170.14 187.49 197.01 204.03 gas( MNm3) Annual coal-bed gas under 188.36 225.37 232.83 300.30 374.31 412.48 433.42 448.87 mines( MNm3) Table 3.5 -4 Consumption of coal-bed gas by gas engines of the Plant Pure coal- Extraction amount of Item Unit bed gas coal-bed gas under amount mines Hourly consumption per set Nm3/h 271.5 587 Daily consumption per set Nm3/d 5973 12914 Annual consumption per set MNm3/y 1.90 4.109 Engine numbers of a section Set 24 24 plant Annual consumption per section MNm3/y 45.6 98.62 plant Year Total engine number Set 48 48 2004 Annual consumption MNm3/y 91.2 197.24 Year Total engine number Set 72 72 2006 Annual consumption MNm3/y 136.8 295.86 Year Total engine number Set 96 96 24 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 2008 Annual consumption MNm3/y 182.4 394.48 Note:1) Low value of heating (LVH) of coal-bed gas is 35.16MJ/Nm3( 8412kCal/Nm3) . 2) LVH of extraction gas under mines is 16.31MJ/Nm3( 3902kCal/Nm3) . 3) Daily equipment full operation time is 22 hours and annual equipmentfull operation time is 7000 hours. Table 3.7-1 Circulation cooling water volume (t/h) Item Volume per unit Number Subtotal volume Condenser 876 4 3504 Oil cooler 30 4 120 Air cooler 40 4 160 Total volume 946 3784 Table 3.7 -2 Feed water volume (t/h) Item Feed water volume Remark Evaporation loss of cooling 45 tower Draught loss of cooling tower 9 Reused for floor washing and green land Drainage of cooling tower 23 irrigating, discharge to STS Chemical water workshop 10 Subtotal 87 Unexpected water 13 15% of the above Total 100 Industrial water system 10 Reused for feed water of cooling towers From domestic water Domestic water 6 supply system of Sihe industrial square Table 3.7 -3 Main wastewater effluent and treatment of the Project Effluent Main Wastewater Effluent Treatment mode volume pollution method Discharge to (t/h) factor 25 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Drainage washing and of circulating Continuous 23 Salt No irrigating and water treatment STS Boiler exhaust Continuous 0.8 Salt Cooling STS water Acidic and alkaline Discontinuous 1 pH and Neutralizing STS waste water salt Boiler acid cleaning One time for 100 pH and SS Neutralizing STS water several years Oil Oil and contaminated Discontinuous 5 Oil water STS wastewater separation Domestic Discontinuous 5 COD and Septic tank STS sewage BOD Table 3.7 -4 Designed discharged water quality of TST of Sihe Industrial Square Volatile Pollutant COD BOD5 NH3-N Oil SS hydroxybenzene Received water quality 180 150 13.0 2.0 200 0.001 Discharged water 54 15.0 6.0 2.0 20.0 0.001 quality Class I limit (GB8976- 60 20 15 5 20 0.5 1996) Table 3.8-1 Summary of pollutant emissions of Sihe Plant Item Unit Emissions Generating capacity MW 105.6 Pure coal-bed gas consumption Mm3/y 187.49 Pure coal-bed consumption Mm3/h 0.0268 26 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant NOX emission t/y 1,484 NOX emission t/h 0.212 Wastewater discharged to STS t/h 28 27 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 4. Environmental baseline 4.1 Basis of assessment 4.1.1 Environmental impact assessment class 4.1.1.1 The World Bank classified the Project into "category B". EIA of category B will exam possible active and negative environmental impacts incurred by the project. It will recommend measures to prevent, eliminate, relief or make up for unfavorable impacts and improve environment. 4.1.1.2 According to Chinese regulations: "Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment" HJ/T2.2-93 issued by SEPA in 1993, atmospheric environmental impact assessments are divided into three classes according to the pollutant discharge amount, complexity of surrounding topography and implemented air quality standard etc. The first class work is complicated, the second is moderate and the third is simply. Atmospheric environmental impact assessment for Sihe Plant is classified as the third class. 4.1.1.3 Surface water environmental impact: In the light of Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact AssessmentHJ/T2.3-93 issued by SEPA in 1993, the surface water environmental impact assessments are divided into 3 classes according to wastewater discharge amount and water quality, surface water scale and quality requirement. The first class environmental impact assessment work is complicated; the second is moderate; and the third class is simple. No need to implement surface water EIA if a project has less than third class surface water EIA condition and then surface water environmental impact is only need to be analyzed. Surface water EIA for Sihe Plant is less than the third. 4.1.1.4 Noise environmental impact: In the light of Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment----Noise Environment HJ/T2.4-1995, noise environmental impact assessments are divided into three classes according to project scale, noise requirement of a project location, and noise level change before and after a project is built. The first class noise environmental impact 28 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant assessment work is complicated; the second is moderate; and the third class is simple. Noise environmental EIA of the Project is defined as class three. 4.1.1.5 According to Directory on classified management of environmental protection for construction projects (State Environmental Protection Administration, executive on Jan. 1, 2003), the 110kV power transmission project of the Project, located in non-sensitive area, belongs to those demanding of preparing environmental impact forms (projects in sensitive area demands of preparing EIA reports). This EIA describes relevant content based on environmental impact form requirements. 4.1.2 Assessment area 4.1.2.1 The atmospheric impact assessment area, as defined in Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (HJ/T2.2-93) is in the area 3km wide in latitudinal direction and 5.5km long in longitude direction. 4.1.2.2 The noise impact assessment area is in 700m area centering the Plant. And boundary noise impact assessment area is at 1m outside the Plant boundary. 4.2 Topography, geology and geomorphology 4.2.1 Geographic position of Sihe Plant is located at 35°36´N and 112°31´E covered with low hills mostly. Topography of the region where the Plant is locate d presents high in the west and east part and low in the middle part. Qinhe River runs through the middle of the region from south to north. See Figure 4.2-1. 4.2.2 Geological structure within Sihe mining area is simple with little faultage and no magma activity. Furrow and groove cross vertically and horizontally in mining field. Top of hills is mostly covered by loess. Both sides of Qinhe River are flood land. The Plant site is located on stage land of class II on the west of Qinhe River covered with loess. 4.2.3 At western side of south foot of Taihang Mountain, geomorphology of Sihe Plant site belongs to denudation hills. 29 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 4.2.4 The ground elevation within 3km area centering the Plant is between 530-770m; and the relative drop in level in 1km area centering the Plant is 50m. 4.2.5 As identified by Shanxi Provincial Bureau of Seismology, the basic intensity in the region is 6 degree. 4.3 Water resource 4.3.1 Precipitation 4.3.1.1 In the region where Sihe Plant is located, the annual average rainfall reaches 627.2mm, the maximum annual rainfall is 891mm, and minimum annual rainfall is 430mm. Precipitation from June to September covers 60% of annual rainfall. 4.3.1.2 The average evaporation for multi-years is 1680.88m in the region. And evaporation amount from April to July covers 50% of annual evaporation. 4.3.2 Terrestrial hydrology 4.3.2.1 Rivers in the region where Sihe Plant is located belongs to Qinhe water system of Yellow River area. The biggest river is Qinhe River, the second is Luwei River and there are other rivers such as Mazhuang River, Panhe River, Changzhuang River and Changhe River, which are seasonal streams. See Figure 4.3-1. 4.3.2.2 There are Qinhe River, Mazhuang River and Panhe River within 3km away the Plant. The latter two rivers are seasonal steams and their flow rate is less than 0.9m3/s when water is available. 4.3.2.3 At about 300m on the east of the proposed Plant site, Qinhe River runs from north to south and then toward east into Yellow River. Qinhe River is 458km long and has a drainage area of 12,100km2. 4.3.2.4 According to the hydrological information of 30 years of Runcheng Hydrometric Station, the maximum flow rate of Qinhe River is 3,050m3/s; the minimum is 2.5m3/s; that of the biggest flood in a century is 4,473m3/s; and the 30 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant highest flood level in the proposed Plant area is +541.2m less than elevation of the Plant site. 4.3.3 Groundwater 4.3.3.1 Near Qinhe River, there is shallow groundwater (i.e. flood land alluvial water) and deep groundwater (i.e. rock water of Ordovician period). 4.3.3.2. Alluvial flat at intake reach is comparatively developed and 300~500m wide usually; it is recharged mainly by infiltration of atmospheric precipitation and especially water leakage of Qihe River; amount of seepage at intake reach is 0.0884m 3/s; lithology of aquifer bed at intake reach is sand and sand gravel with a width of 12.5m; buried depth of water level is 3~4m or so; flowing yield per well is 10-30m3/h and action radius reaches 31.5-84.5m; reserve volume of shallow ground water is up to 3.75 millions m3; ground water here has strong accommodation capacity and good conditions fit for development and exploitation, and water quality also meets requirements of Sihe Plant. 4.3.3.3 Buried depth of deep groundwater is 600-700m with poor exploitable conditions. 4.3.3.4 Based on the analysis report by Shanxi Provincial Water Resource Research Institute, water quality of shallow groundwater is good and can meet requirements for use by the Plant. 4.4 Atmospheric Resources 4.4.1 Climate of the region 4.4.1.1 The region where Sihe Plant is located belongs to semi humid area of warm and humid zone of East Asia monsoon region with continental climate and clear- cut seasons. 4.4.1.2 There is no meteorological station around the Plant. According to studying of EIA center of Meteorological Science Research Institute of China, the typical meteorological station nearest the Plant is Jincheng Meteorological Station 31 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant approx. 37km away on the southeast toward east. The meteorological element values are shown in Table 4.4-1. 4.4.1.3 Refer to Figure 4.4-1 wind direction rose diagram of the year of 2000, of Jan., Apr., Jul. and Oct. in 2000 and of 1956-1990 by Jincheng Meteorological Station. 4.4.1.4 Associative frequencies of wind direction, rate and stability of 2000 by Jincheng Meteorological Station are shown in Table 4.4-2. 4.4.1.5 The meteorological observation of boundary layer was conducted in 1992 mainly upon wind direction, wind velocity and mixing layer height in Panzhuang Village where Sihe industrial square is located. The observation results are shown inTable 4.4-3, Table 4.4-4 and Table 4.4-5. 4.4.2 Existing ambient air quality of Sihe mining area Atmospheric pollution sources 4.4.2.1 There is no big industrial pollution source within the assessment area of Sihe Plant except a 4x2MW coal-bed gas pilot power plant and Jiafeng Power Plant 3.5km away. Pollutant emissions of the two plants are shown in Table 4.4-6. 4.4.2.2 Coal consumption of the residents within the area where Sihe Plant is located and pollutant emissions are shown in Table 4.4-7. Ambient air quality monitoring 4.4.2.3 In 1992, Jincheng Municipal Environmental Monitoring Station (JMEMS) monitored SO2, NOx and TSP for continuous 7 days in some places around the proposed Plant site i.e. Yinzhuang Village (at 0.8km on the southeast of the Plant), Panzhuang Village (at 1.3km on the northeast of the plant) and Jiafeng Power Plant (at 3.5km on the south of the Plant). JMEMS monitored SO2 and NOx again in March 2002 in Yinzhuang Village and Liuzhuang Village and the proposed Plantsite. 4.4.2.4 The monitoring points and their function areas are shown in Table 4.4-8 and Figure 4.4-2. Monitoring results analysis · Sulphur dioxide 32 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 4.4.2.5 Most daily average ground concentrations of SO2of summer and winter in 1992 monitored in Yinzhuang Village and Panzhuang village are between 0.012~0.024 mg/Nm3, taking up 16% of Class II of PRC Ambient Air Quality Standard. Very little max concentration occurred in winter is 0.076mg/Nm3, taking up 50.6% of Class II limit. The daily average ground concentrations of SO2monitored in March 2002 are between 0.003~0.018 mg/Nm3, taking up 2%~12% of Class II standardlimit. · Nitrogen oxide 4.4.2.6 The daily average ground concentrations of NOX in summer and winter in 1992 monitored in Yinzhuang Village and Panzhuang village are between 0.006~0.026 mg/Nm3, taking up 6%~26% of Class II (0.10 mg/Nm3 for NOX) of PRC Ambient Air Quality Standard. The daily average ground concentrations of NOX monitored in March2003 are between 0.016~0.059 mg/Nm3, taking up 13%~49.1% of Class II (0.12 mg/Nm3for NO2) of PRC Ambient Air Quality Standard. · Total suspended particulate 4.4.2.7 Monitoring results of TSP in 1992 in Panzhuang Village, Yinzhuang Village and Jiafeng Power Plant were higher than the standard limits, which has something to do with naked earth in this area. 4.4.2.8 Monitoring results of SO2, NO2 (NOX) and TSP of 1992 and 2003 are shown in Table 4.4-9 and 4.4-10. · Conclusion 4.4.2.9 The monitoring results show: in the place where Sihe Plant is located, ground concentration of SO2 is below the limits of Class II of PRC Ambient Air Quality Standard and there is still quite big environmental capacity for SO2. The ground concentration of NO2 is still below the limits of Class II standard and there is also certain environmental capacity for NOX. The ground concentration of TSP in 1992 above the limits resulted principally from kick-up dust incurred by dry climate and naked earth. 33 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 4.5 Acoustical environment 4.5.1 On Mar. 4~6 2003, JMEMS monitored boundary noise and environmental noise quality status quo. 4.5.2 Eight monitoring points were arranged for monitoring boundary noise. And there were 5 points arranged in the area centering the Plant site for environmental noise monitoring. 4.5.3Monitoring was made at daytime and nighttime separately. During specified period, Leq noise was measured for continuous ten minutes at every point every time. 4.5.4 The monitoring results of boundary noise and environmental noise are shown in Table 4.5-1and Table 4.5-2. 4.5.5 From environmental noise, major objectives to be protected are Qinzhuang village and Yinzhuang Village, of which noise at daytime was 55~57dB(A) and at nighttime was 45-49.9dB(A), not higher than Catalogue III of Standard of Environment Noise of Urban Area (65dB at daytime and 55dB at nighttime). 4.5.6 Noise levels in the proposed plant site and at boundaries are between 45~49 dB(A) at daytime and 45-49.9 dB(A) at nighttime, both less than Catalogue III of Standard of Environment Noise of Urban Area (GB3096-93). 4.6 Ecological environment 4.6.1 Sihe Industrial Square where Sihe Plant is located belongs to the land having been or going to be developed. The occupied land is barren loess. There is no rare and endangered plant or animal. 4.7 Health and safety 4.7.1 Professional health and safety in the Gas Extraction Station 4.7.1.1 The Gas Extraction Station supplies Sihe Plant with coal-bed gas. As long as the two extraction pumps with an output of 260m3/minute are replaced with 34 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant another two of 460m3/minute, the station can meet requirements of the Plant construction. 4.7.1.2 There is 12 staff in the Gas Extraction Station working in three shifts and 3-4 persons each shift. Safety of the station relates to production safety of the Plant and human safety of workers. 4.7.1.3 There are good management system and safety measures, mainly including the following: l Naked flame forbidden. No smoking. l Electric ignition forbidden. A person must turn off his mobile phonebefore he enters the station. No vehicle allowed into the station. l There is gas venting system in the station to ensure extraction safety. l Thereisstrictentranceguardsystemandpersonsbeyondthestaffcannot be allowed into the station unless they get permission. l Allswitchesofelectricapplianceare against blast. l Workers on duty are equipped with protective clothing and relevant furnishment for emergency cases. 4.7.2 Professional health and safety in the Plant 4.7.2.1 Sihe Plant is a power plant using coal-bed gas for generation. In the production process there exist dangers and contingency. 4.7.2.2 Leakage in storage and transportation of coal-bed gas is a major danger factor incurring fires and explosion. Process Hazards 4.7.2.3 Installation and maintenance of safety devices to prevent over-pressurization of boiler tubing is critical for the protection of employees and equipment. 4.7.2.4 Electrical power generation and transmission poses hazards to workers. High voltage may be encountered at turbine generators and associated wiring. Incidental safety and health hazards 35 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 4.7.2.5 Hazards incidental to the process but occurring as a result of process operations include: ----gas tank leakage ----leakage of gas piping and relevant valves ----heat stress ----exposure to hot steam lines and equipment 4.7.2.6 Additional safety and health hazard to be considered as part of the operation of a power plant include the following: ----Working surface (such as floors, ladder, stairs, etc.) ----Emergency exit placement and maintenance ----High noise exposure ----Chemical exposure (including incidental use materials for maintenance, etc.) ----Handling of flammable and combustible material ----Exposure to hazards of working in confined spaces (boilers, vessels, etc.) ----Fire prevention and protection ----Materials handling and storage ----Machine and equipment mechanical guarding ----Biohazards ----Ergonomic design operation of work stations Regulatory framework 4.7.2. 7 The list of PRC laws, regulations and standards on labor safety and health are given in Annex F. 4.7.2.8 PRC Labor Law stipulates rights and obligations of labors and protection of labors. Labor departments at all levels have relevant policies. 4.7.2.9 JAMC has its regulations of labor protection and corresponding rules and regulations. 4.7.2.10 Sihe Plant will prepare labor safety and protection regulations of every post when it is built up. The Plant will also strengthen relevant management to 36 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant prevent occurrence of labor safety accidents and to protect lawful rights and interests. 4.8 Social and economic environment 4.8.1 Jincheng Municipality governs two areas and four counties i.e. the urban area, suburb area and Qinshui, Yangcheng, Gaoping and Lingchuan Counties. 4.8.2 Jincheng Municipality has a total population of approx. 2 millions and the industrial and agricultural output per capita is up to 2000 Yuan (RMB). 4.8.3 In whole Jincheng Municipality, there are over 700 industrial and mining enterprises mainly taking up coal, metallurgy, building materials and chemical industry etc. business. 4.8.4 Principal agricultural products of Jincheng Municipality are wheat, corn, foxtail millet, sorghum, cotton and beans etc. 4.8.5 Sihe Plant is located at the edge of Sihe mining area where coa l columns are reserved to protect the mining area. Its construction and operation have no impact on coal mining. 4.9 Human culture and natural landscape 4.9.1 The 10km area centering Sihe Plant does not belong to natural conservation region. And there is no historical and cultural relic to be discovered yet in the area. 4.10 Land utilization 4.10.1 The place where Sihe Plant is located is defined to be industrial land proposed to be developed. Table 4.4-1 Average values of meteorological elements by Jincheng Meteorological Station Meteorological Data Meteorological element Data element 37 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Leading wind direction in Annual average temp 10.9? S; 15% summers Max. temp in extreme 37.3? Average wind velocity in 1.5m/s condition summers Min. temp in extreme -16.3? Leading wind direction in NW; 17% condition winters Average wind velocity in Frost-free period 180 days 2.3m/s winters Annual average wind Max. frost penetration 430mm 2.2m/s velocity Annual average Annual max rainfall 891mm 1,680.88mm evaporation amount Average multi-annual Annual min rainfall 430mm 627.2mm rainfall Note: Average rainfall of multi-years reaches 627.2mm. 38 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Table 4.4-2 Associative frequency of wind direction, wind velocity and stability of Jincheng meteorological station in 2000( %) Stabilit U10(m/ N NN NE EN E ES SE SSE S SS SW WS W WN N NN C f U10(m/ y s) E E E W W W W W s) B <1.5 0.25 0.22 0.2 0.87 1.60 1.01 6 <1.5 0.06 7.23 3.24 1.6~3.0 0.28 0.16 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.23 0.55 0.23 0.27 0.2 C 6 3.1~5.0 0.2 0.7 0.50 0.54 0.8 0.55 1.1 0 3 2 0 <1.5 0.82 1.00 0.67 0.6 1.0 0.26 0.54 0.25 0.2 0.2 0.55 0.2 0.80 8.82 44.39 2.82 4 0 6 7 7 D 1.6~3.0 0.28 0.28 0.25 0.42 0.16 0.5 1.4 1.42 0.56 0.54 0.5 0.31 0.5 0.27 0.2 0.79 0 0 5 5 8 3.1~5.0 0.03 0.28 0.45 0.53 0.25 0.5 1.4 1.62 4.86 0.26 0.2 0.2 1.02 1.9 0.25 1 2 8 7 3 5.1~7.0 0.15 0.5 0.52 0.28 0.2 1.00 1.6 1 6 3 39 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant >7.0 0.08 1.0 0.20 9 <1.5 0.57 0.54 1.34 1.45 1.06 0.7 1.4 0.81 0.55 0.53 0.82 0.8 0.54 0.5 0.25 9.28 32.25 1.12 E 5 2 2 4 1.6~3.0 0.56 0.27 0.54 0.80 0.25 0.5 1.0 1.18 1.35 0.27 0.2 0.29 0.5 0.8 0.53 0 0 8 5 1 3.1~5.0 0.26 0.14 0.52 0.2 0.2 0.35 6 7 F <1.5 0.28 0.27 0.79 0.55 0.56 0.5 0.20 0.8 0.2 0.25 0.53 4.23 14.53 1.15 2 1 7 1.6~3.0 0.82 0.14 0.5 0.5 0.58 1.37 0.5 0.25 0.5 0 0 5 6 f 3.90 1.80 5.30 4.00 3.20 3.6 8.5 7.84 10.6 2.30 3.0 0.60 4.6 4.78 9.0 3.70 23.2 0 0 0 0 2 0 6 f1 2.23 0.99 1.62 2.10 0.91 2.2 5.5 6.57 9.51 1.30 1.1 0.60 3.2 3.44 7.9 2.12 48.3 1 6 1 6 3 6 U10(m/ 1.72 1.86 1.70 1.67 1.44 2.0 2.4 2.78 3.02 1.79 1.5 2.00 2.4 3.23 4.3 2.44 s) 0 0 6 0 1 40 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Symbol description: f- total frequency of wind direction or stability; f1- wind direction frequency when light wind filtered; U10- average ground wind velocity of each wind direction or every kind of stability. Table 4.4-3 Synchronous observation data of ground wind direction and wind velocity on Panzhuang Village site and at Jincheng meteorological station (Feb.18-Mar. 18, 1992) Observatio Wind direction N NNE NE EN E E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WS W WN NW NN C n point frequency and W W W wind velocity Panzhuang Wind 9.3 4.7 4.0 3.1 0.3 1.0 1.0 3.1 5.5 5.3 2.1 0.1 0.6 1.0 2.1 4.9 51.7 Village direction frequency( % ) U10(m/s) 1.9 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.5 2.3 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.0 1.0 1.9 2.9 2.7 2.1 Jincheng Wind 4.9 6.3 2.5 2.5 0.6 1.7 3.9 6.0 5.3 4.2 1.0 0.1 0.7 2.5 6.8 4.1 46.9 direction frequency( % ) U10(m/s) 2.3 2.5 2.2 1.3 1.0 1.8 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.6 1.9 2.7 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.0 Table 4.4-4 Observation data of wind direction frequency (%) at different heights on Panzhuang Village site (Feb.18-Mar. 18, 1992) Height away the N NE E SE S SW W NW ground (m) 41 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 50 39.6 8.3 2.1 0 22.9 8.3 4.2 14.6 100 43.8 2.1 0 0 18.8 12.5 4.2 18.8 200 38.3 4.3 2.1 2.1 21.3 4.3 4.3 23.4 400 34.0 0 0 0 19.2 4.3 4.3 38.3 600 6.4 4.3 6.4 14.9 10.6 6.4 10.6 40.4 800 16.3 2.3 11.6 18.6 7.0 0 9.3 34.9 1000 9.5 2.4 9.5 16.7 9.5 2.4 9.5 40.5 Table4.4-5 Observation data of mixing layer height on Panzhuang Village site (Feb.18-Mar. 18, 1992) Time 10:00 11:00 13:00 15:00 17:00 19:00 20:00 Mixing layer height (m) 279 479 1009 1372 1303 738 563 Table 4.4 -6 Investigation of industrial atmospheric pollution sources in the assessment area Equipment Coal Emission amount (t/ y) Relative position Precipitator and Stack Pollution source name consumption( t/y and distance Dust NOX SO2 its efficiency height (m) ) (km) Sihe 4x2MW pilot 4 sets of gas turbine heat & power Use natural gas as 14.1 25 SW, 0.1 power plant combiners of QDR20 type fuel Water film Jiafeng Power Plant of 4 sets of boilers 95,994 788.88 506.20 80 S, 3.5 Qinshui County ?= 95% Table4.4-7 Investigation of residential coal consumption and pollution sources in the assessment area Resident Population of the residents Village area (? ) Coal consumption Major pollutant emission amount (t/ y) 42 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant distribution Family number population (t/y) Smoke dust SO2 Panzhuang Village 474 1599 150000 924.3 32.66 5.03 Jiafeng 715 2389 220000 1394.2 49.00 7.58 Qinzhuang Village 115 403 32000 224.2 7.92 1.22 Yinzhuang Village 215 733 60000 419.2 14.70 2.28 Liuzhuang Village 125 461 36000 243.7 8.61 1.33 Total 1644 5585 3205.6 112.89 17.44 43 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Table4.4-8 Monitoring points Position and distance Year No. Monitoring point Function area ( km) away the Plant Yinzhuang 1 SE? 0.8 Residential area Village Panzhuang 1992 2 NE? 1.3 Residential area Village Jiafeng Power 3 S? 3.5 Industrial zone Plant 1 Yinzhuang Village SE? 0.8 Residential area 2003 2 Liuzhuang Village N? 1.0 Residential area 3 The Plant site Industrial zone Table 4.4-9 Daily average ground concentrations of SO2? NOX? TSP( 1992) mg/Nm3 Monitoring point SO2 NOX TSP Summer 0.012-0.016 0.014-0.016 0.311-0.671 Panzhuang Village Winter 0.028-0.076 0.007-0.022 0.155-0.464 Summer 0.012 0.018-0.027 0.243-0.476 Yinzhuang Village Winter 0.012-0.024 0.006-0.026 0.147-0.523 summer ---- ---- 0.334-0.834 Jiafeng Power Plant Winter ---- ---- 0.212-0.411 Ambient Air Quality Standard, 0.15 0.12(NO2) 0.3 class II 44 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 45 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Table 4.4-10 Ground concentrations of SO2?NO2( in Mar. 2003) mg/Nm3 SO2 NO2 Monitoring point Daily Daily Hourly average Hourly average average average Liuzhuang 0.016- 0.003-0.018 0.003-0.031 0.010-0.112 Village 0.059 Yinzhuang 0.016- 0.003-0.015 0.003-0.039 0.011-0.115 Village 0.043 0.015- The Plant site 0.003-0.007 0.003-0.048 0.003-0.204 0.058 PRC standard, 0.15 0.5 0.12 0.24 class II Table 4.5-1 Monitoring results of boundary noise Daytime dB( A) Nighttime dB( A) Location Leq National standard Leq National standard E 45.1 65 45.2 55 W 46.2 65 47.1 55 S 46.8 65 46.3 55 N 45.5 65 45.1 55 SE 45.8 65 47.2 55 SW 46.5 65 47.4 55 NW 45.3 65 46.5 55 NE 45.4 65 45.8 55 46 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Table 4.5-2 Monitoring results of environmental noise of status quo Monitoring point Period Result Noise from Eastern side of Qinzhuang Day 57.3 Society and traffic Village Night 49.9 Society Northwest side of Yinzhuang Day 55.6 Society and traffic Village Night 45.2 Society Day 45.7 Society and traffic Proposed plant site Night 42.2 Society Day 61.1 Industry Gas Extraction Station Night 58.1 Industry At the boundary of the Day 65.6 Industry 4×2MW Sihe Pilot Power Plant towardQinzhuang Night 69.1 Industry Village 47 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 5. Environmental Impact Assessment 5.1 Environmental impact identification and pollution factor screening 5.1.1 The principal environmental impact predicated during Sihe Plant construction and operation is shown in Table 5.1-1. 5.1.2 The principal pollution factors to be considered during construction and operation of Sihe Plant and transfer projects are shown in Table 5.1-2. 5.2 Operation Period 5.2.1 Atmospheric Impact Emission 5.2.1.1 Table 5.2-1 shows the stack gas emission from Sihe Plant in comparison with the Chinese and World Bank Standards. 5.2.1.2 There is no emission standardfor gas engines in China. NOX Emission from Sihe Plant meets relevant World Bank standard 2000mg/Nm3 (dry, 15% O2 content). Prediction of ground construction atmospheric pollutants 5.2.1.3 We calculate impact on ground NO2 concentration incurred by NOX emission from Sihe Plant with the recommended model in "Technical guideline on environmental impact assessment----atmospheric environment" (HJ/T2.2-93) which includes the models when windspeed is small and under calm and windy model. The model recommended by the guideline belongs to the same system as the first generation air quality model of USA. Topographic correction is considered in the model calculation (see Annex C). 48 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 5.2.1.4 The first calculation scheme is consistent with the feasibility report. There are 16 exhaust heat boilers connected with 16 chimneys of which inside diameter is 3m and height is 40m. NOX emission of every chimney is 13.25kg/h at the temperature of 160? approximately. Emission velocity is 11.65m3/s in this case. Under the condition, except that average annual NOX concentration does not exceed the standard, average daily NOXconcentration and NOX concentration of an hour are both higher than the standard limits and maximum hourly concentration is as four times as the limit (shown in Table 5.2-2). It is obvious that too scattered pollutant emission scheme will produce greatly heavy impact on ground NOX concentration. It is unfeasible. 5.2.1.5 The consultant expert recommends that 4 chimneys in every section plant should be combined to form a 60m-high stack w ith inside diameter 2m (the construction unit has been solicited; they think it feasible and this scheme is feasible technically). Thus there are 4 stacks instead of 16 stacks in the Plant and then NOXemission will be 53kg/h per stack, outlet velocity of every stack will be 46.6m3/s and flue gas temperature will be about 160? . The predicted results in this case are given in table 5.2-2. It shows that in this case ground NOX concentration meets class II of Ambient air quality standard (GB3095-1996) (Average annual NOX concentration----0.08mg/Nm3, average daily NOX concentration----0.12 mg/Nm3and NOX concentration of an hour---- 0.24 mg/Nm3). Ratios of corresponding predicted values to the standard limits are separately 4.4% , 72.5% and 55%, also in compliance with standards of the World Bank and WHO. 5.2.1.6 The construction unit is deliberating the issue of increasing single unit capacity, upgrading evaporation rate of an exhaust heat boiler, using low nitrogen burning technique, reducing NOX emission concentration to 90mg/Nm3 49 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant (dry, 15% O2 content) by means of adjusting ratio between ingoing gas and fuel. Feasibility of the scheme needs further demonstration. 5.2.1.7 World Bank Thermal Power Guidelines for New Plants stipulates calculation method for stack height (see Annex C). Stack height 60m is in compliance with the requirements. However 40m height is not in compliance with the requirements. 5.2.2 Water Environment impact assessment Reliability of water supply 5.2.2.1 Industrial water of Sihe Plant comes from shallow ground water on the bank of Qinhe River. It is planned to dig four wells beside Qinhe River with an output of 30m3/h each, 120m3/h totally. It can satisfy demand of Sihe Plant makeup water (100m3/h). Water for living is supplied by the sanitary water supply system of Sihe mining area. 5.2.2.2 Demonstration Report of Water Resource of the Project prepared by Shanxi Provincial Water Resource Research Institute passed review and examination by experts organized by Shanxi Provincial Water Resource Committee in June 2003. The report writes that, alluvial flat at intake reach is comparatively developed and 300~500m wide usually; it is recharged mainly by infiltration of atmospheric precipitation and especially water leakage of Qihe River; after calculation, amount of seepage at intake reach is 0.0884m3/s; lithology of aquifer bed at intake reach is sand and sand gravel with a width of 12.5m; buried depth of water level is 3~4m or so; flowing yield per well is 10-30m3/h and action radius reaches 31.5-84.5m; reserve volume of shallow ground water is up to 3.75 millions m3; ground water here has strong accommodation capacity and good conditions fit for development and exploitation, and water quality also meets requirements of Sihe Plant. Sihe Plant will make wells on the benchland within approx. 300~500m-wide area along Yinzhuang-Liuzhuang-Lizhuang reach of Qinhe River. Find the benchland position in Figure 3.3-2. 50 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 5.2.2.3 From section 5.2.2.2, it is obvious that intake of 700 thousand m3/y for production water by Sihe Plant can be guaranteed. 5.2.2.4 In August 2003, Shanxi Provincial Water Resource Management Committee approved the apply for water intake of Sihe Plant by Jinshuizifa [2003] No. 57 "Approval on previous apply for water intake license by Sihe coal-bed gas power plant of Jincheng Anthracite Mining Group Co. Ltd of Shanxi Province". Cooling water system impacts 5.2.2.5 Sihe Plant adopts secondary circulation cooling tower system. Every steam turbine is fitted with a 1000m3/h mechanical drought cooling tower. 5.2.2.6 Except water loss through evaporation and mobile air, the cooling tower discharge 23t/h of drainage. 5.2.2.7 Although drainage of cooling towers has relatively high salt content, there is no requirement on the drainage in standards of China and the World Bank. The part of this drainage 7t/h can be used for irrigating green-landand floor washing and the excess water 16t/h can be discharged directly to STS (shown in Fig.3.7- 1). Other wastewater discharges 5.2.2.8 Except the said drainage from cooling towers, other waste water effluents 12t/h, which is discharged into STS after separate treatments. The Sewage Treatment Station lies in Jiafeng Town 1.5km away eastern boundary of Sihe 51 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Plant. Effluent volume of the Project has been considered in accommodation volume plan of the station. 5.2.2.9 The drainage from boilers contains a little high salt. The amount is only 0.85t/h. It will be cooled in the cooling pond to be built in the Plant and discharged to STS. 5.2.2. 10 Acid and alkaline wastewater (1t/h) finally runs into the Sewage Treatment Station of Sihe Industrial Square (STS) when its pH value reaches 6-9 after being treated in the neutralization pond of 50m3 in the Plant. 5.2.2.11 Oil contaminated waste water (5t/h) runs into STS when its oil content is less than 2.0 mg/L after being treated in oil and water separator. 5.2.2.12 Domestic wastewater (5t/h) runs into STS when its COD concentration reaches 180mg/L and BOD concentration reaches 150mg/L after preliminary treatment in septic tank. 5.2.2.13 Acid cleaning water of boiler is produced one time within several years and is discharged 100t/h every time. This water runs into the STS after neutralizing and deposition treatment. 5.2.2.14 Rain water is discharged through special piping net. 5.2.2.15 In general cases, waste water of Sihe Plant will neither result in pollution in surroundings nor affect Qinhe River. 52 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 5.2.2.16 Outgoing water from STS meets Class I of PRC Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standardfor township secondary sewage treatment plants. It meets also World Bank standard. 5.2.3 Noise impact prediction and assessment Source strength of noise source 5.2.3.1 Audio frequencies of noises produced by equipment of the Plant are principally at medium and low levels. Noise sources of the Plant are mainly engines, steam turbines, coal-bed gas compressors, water pumps and exhausting noise. According to noise levels of regular equipment in the Plant and the analogy prediction, major noise equipment and their noise levels after mitigation measures are shown in table 5.2-3. Prediction model 5.2.3.2 Affected by the factors of propagation distance, air absorption, reflection and shield of buildings etc. defilades, sound level of the noise in the Plant will attenuate when the noise is propagated from source point to receiver point. Regarding impact on some receiver point by several noise sources, energy superposition method will be used for receiver point. 5.2.3.3 Noise source intensity adopted in the model and numbers are listed in table 5.2-3. Grid used in the model is 25x25m according to the general layout. (See figure 5.2) Prediction results 5.2.3.4 From the predicted results, the Plant when completed will have certain impact on noise environment; however, the impact on the area beyond 200m away boundaries of the Plant is within 55dB(A), in compliance with catalogue 3 of 53 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Standard of environmental noise of Urban Area( GB3096--93) . Moreover, the area within 200m away the Plant boundary is in the industrial zone without sensitive objectives. Form the view point of overall impact, noise impact incurred by the industrial zone composed of the Plant, the pilot plant and Gas Extraction Station is less than 65dB(A), fully in compliance with the requirement of industrial zone ambient noise less than 70dB(A) in "Environmental Noise Standard of the World Bank". 5.2.3.5 Noise levels on working sites are in compliance with Chinese Hygienic Standards for the Design of Industrial Enterprise (GB321-2002) when noise insulation and sound absorption indoor etc. measures are taken. 5.2.4 Fire and blast prevention Background 5.2.4.1 Major of the Project is coal-bed gas i.e. gas whose basic characteristic is combustible and explosive. Even if in normal environment, gas is very easy to incur combustion and blast. Its characteristics of combustion and blast are shown in table 5.2-4. 5.2.4.2 CH4 content of Sihe mining gas is about 46%( V/V) . Once gas leaks and mixes with air, it is quite easy to reach upper explosive limit. If the mixed gas meets flame or involved in high temperature environment at this time, it is very easy to incur blast. Comparatively low lower explosive limit can make leaking gas become cloud cluster and explosion danger will not be eliminated until the cloud cluster is diffused in quite a long distance. Analysis of causes 5.2.4.3 The possible causes of coal-bed gas accidents are broken piping, damaged valves and cracked gas tank. However, gas transportation distance outside the 54 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Plant is about 100m not too long and the number of valves is quite small accordingly. Relatively speaking, accident rate caused by piping and valve damage is comparatively lower; while accident possibility caused by cracked gas tank is comparatively higher. 5.2.4.4 Major causes of gas tank cracking are water seal failure of the gas tank or defects of the gas tank body. l Reasons of water seal failure are welding defect or seal distortion incurred by wind pressure interference. For the latter situation, it is possible that distance between structures is very short producing mutual wind pressure interference. At this time, pulsation wind pressure endured by the lower structures two times that of single structure, which can cause damage or failure of structures. l Gas tank defects include initial defects such as material quality defect, improper processing, erection defect in construction, residual stress, different material of bolts from body materialand improper connector seal. Analysis of impact 5.2.4.5 Accidents incurred by coal-bed gas leakage bring heat radiation impact on buildings by fire when leaking gas meets fire. Such accidents will bring cloud cluster blast because methane gas meets fire to blast for CH4 concentration in explosive limits (see Table 5.2-4) when leaking gas meeting air to form cloud cluster. --Heat radiation impact incurred by fire accident 5.2.4. 6In the report by EIA Center of MSRIC, coal-bed gas leakage rate is 1.36kg/s; CH4 leakage rate is 0.5kg/s; only 20% skin of injured personnel is naked from 55 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant his dressing; skin of the dead is exposed all; heat radiation impact on buildings is calculated based on the conditions of judgment on timber ignition. 5.2.4. 7 Heat radiation impact incurred by fire is principally limited in gas tank area whose safe distance is bigger than 5m. --Cloud cluster blast 5.2.4. 8 EIA Center of MSRIC considers calculation conditions of cloud cluster blast in its relevant reports: gas leakage rate is 1.36kg/s; CH4 leakage rate is 0.5kg/s; cloud cluster forms by coal-bed gas leaking in continuous 15 minutes and total CH4 quantity reaches 450kg at this time. The report also involves with calculation of blast of cloud cluster diffusion. 5.2.4. 9 Persons within 29m outdoor will be affected by cloud cluster blast and buildings 11m away will be damaged. There is generally no impact on section plants on the north and coal-bed gas compressing station on the northeast of the Plant. 5.2.4. 10 Range of influence by cloud cluster blast mainly depends on atmospheric stability and wind direction. Dangerous cloud cluster in stable air has the longest max transference distance. If gas keeps leaking for continuous 15 minutes, max transference distance is 150m. Now if blast happens, max radius of influence on outdoor persons and buildings is 13.5m and 5m separately. 5.2.4.11 Leading wind direction in the assessment area is NW wind direction. Most of areas of the Plant are possible to be affected by blast of cloud cluster diffusion. Hou-yue railway is 110m away on the east of the gas tank. Providing that continuous leakage duration of coal-bed gas can be controlled no higher than 5 56 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant minutes and west wind frequency is less than 1%, Hou-yue railway will not be affected in generalcases. Villages around the Plant 600m away will not be affected by gas cloud cluster blast. Measures 5.2.4.12 The following safe measures have been considered in design of Sihe Plant: ·General arrangement of building components meet requirements on safe distances and fire passages stipulated by relevant fire prevention regulations. ·Fire rating of all buildings conforms to ratings defined in relevant regulations and rules. ·Gas leakage alarm is fitted in coal-bed gas compressor house. Master control room and indoor distribution house are fitted with fire alarm etc. fire fighting facility. ·In building design, places with potential explosion danger are fitted with explosion release, personnel safe retreat and alarming etc. measures. ·Explosion doors are installed on the site of pressure vessels, pump stations and compressor stations. ·To fit facilities of lightning prevention and electric shock prevention. ·Heat insulation measure is taken for heat equipment and piping to keep temperature of outer wall no less than 50? . 5.2.4.13 Special attention should be paid to fire prevention and blast within gas tank area as below. ·Two gas tanks should be arranged vertical to leading wind direction so as to avoid distortion of gas tank seals caused by wind pressure interference. ·To guarantee quality strictly whether in design or construction so as to avoid potential danger caused by gas tank quality or construction problems. 57 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant ·The gas tank should be fitted with lightning arresters and switches of electric apparatus around should be of blast protection. ·There should be fire fighting facility conformed to relevant requirements in gas tank area. ·Gas tank area should be assembled several fuel gas alarms. ·The gas tank should be fitted with exhaust masts toward air to discharge gas. ·To set monitor systems of gas tank leakage and fire alarm. ·Naked flame and static spark forbidden. 5.2.4.14 Establishment of regulations and rules on safety in production ·To make safe production planand carry out periodically incident counter exercises. ·To stipulate no smoking in the whole Plant. ·To strengthen safety education for personnel of the Plant. ·Personnel concerned should get to the site within 5 minutes to deal with accidents as soon as they receive an alarm report. ·Personnel responsible for dealing with accidents should be fitted with corresponding protective clothing and protective measures. 5.3 Impact outside plant area 5.3.1 Transportation piping of coal-bed gas 5.3.1.1 The gas piping from the existing permanent Gas Extraction Station on the south of Sihe Plant to gas tank area of the Plant is 100m approximately. 5.3.1.2 The place gas piping goes through is barren land with no resident around. 58 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 5.3.1.3 It will not cause impact on surroundings as long as gas piping qua lity is reliable, erection is acceptable and connector valves at both ends have no leakage. 5.3.1.4 It will be safer when gas piping is buried under ground if possible. 5.3.2 Water supply pipe line 5.3.2.1 The 2km-long water piping of DN150 goes by Qinhe River bank and crosses over Hou-yue railway. 5.3.2.2 There is no sensitive creature, cultivated land or resident in the place water piping goes through. If attention is paid to safe construction of water piping crossing Hou-yue railway, no impact would be produced on surroundings. 5.3.3 Transmission Engineering Background 5.3.3.1 The 6km-long 110kV transmission lines of two circles go out of Sihe Plant from northeast of the Plant and reach the 110kV Duanshi Substation connected with Jincheng Municipal power grid. 5.3.3.2 The transmission line crosses over Hou-yue railway, Qinhe River, 35kVand 10kV lines and highways at county level. It does not cross over any residential area or village. 5.3.3.3 There are totally 18 towers with an average distance of 352m between two towers. Most towers are terminal towers and strain towers. Amount of tangent towers is small because of many crossings. 59 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 5.3.3.4 Wires of LG3-240 type are to be built double circuits at the same tower and arranged at upper, medium and lower levels. 5.3.3.5 Every tower foundation takes up an area of 36m2 and total 576m2 of land is occupied by towers except terminal towers. Land to be occupied belongs to Qinzhuang Village, Liuzhuang Village, Guonan Village and Guobei Village. Impact analysis 5.3.3. 6According to « Technical code for designing 110-550kV overhead transmission line» , the following requirements should be considered for 110kv transmission lines crossing. See Table 5.3-1. 5.3.3. 7 From analog analysis, it is concluded that at 1.5 he ight (110kv transmission line clearance 11m), max power frequency electric field intensity is 1.38kV/m, far less than the limit of 4kV/m; magnetic field intensity is 0.049x10-3~0.257x10- 3 mT, far less than 0.1mT required by International Radiant Protection Association for the public radiation in one dayand departments concerned in China. 5.3.3. 8 There are total 18 towers. Tower foundation and land occupation cost is subject to 10,000 Yuan/tower and young crop compensation is 2875 Yuan/tower. It is enough for compensation. 5.4 Ecology 5.4.1 Terrestrial Ecology 5.4.1.1 Requisition land of Sihe Plant covers an area of 75,320m2 and belongs to industrial land. Now it is barren land. The 6km of 110kV transmission line 60 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant passes through barren land, highways and railway and Qinhe River. There is no impact on terrestrial ecology. 5.4.1.2 Water piping of Sihe Plant goes through some flood land, which does not produce any impact on terrestrial ecology. 5.4.2 Aquatic Ecology 5.4.2.1 Sihe Plant does neither take water form any river nor discharge directly wastewater to rivers, which does not produce impact on aquatic ecology. 5.4.2.2 The 110kv transmission line crosses over Qinhe River and no tower foundation is set up in the river, which does not produce impact on aquatic ecology. 5.5 Social economy and living standards 5.5.1 Electricity supply and e conomy 5.5.1.1The basic configuration of Shanxi power grid is power-transmission from the north to the south. Jincheng Municipality located in the southeast and south area of power shortage. It is predicted that there is no large power supply source to be built before 2010 in the southeast part of Shanxi Province power grid. Therefore, the part is short of electricity and Jincheng Municipality will be lack of more than 1000MW capacity. Sihe Plant construction can not only settle partially power shortage problem but also enhance economic efficiency and security of power grid operation. 5.5.1.2 JAMC plans to attain annual production of raw coal of 4 million tons in medium terms of Tenth Five-year Plan (year 2001-2005) and attain 800 million tons per year till 2010. JAMC also plans to construct multi- industrial zone and 61 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant build high sulfur coal pulping and gas yield etc. industries. Development of these industries all demand electric power support. It is predicted that JAMC's annual total load will reach 131MW in 2010. Sihe Plant construction offer electric power support to JAMC development. It can also supply excess power for the network. 5.5.1.3 Coal-bed gas for power-generation can strengthen peak shaving capacity of the power grid, improve power supply structure, and enhance safe and economic operation of the power grid. 5.5.2 Public Facilities 5.5.2.1 Sihe Plant makes use of coal-bed gas for power generation to reduce coal-bed gas in mines, improve safe coal production situation, and increase safe production factors.? 5.5.2.2 Sihe Plant makes use of coal-bed gas for power generation to decrease greenhouse gas emission, making contribution to environmental protection. 5.5.2.3 Sihe Plant generation will increase revenue of local government which can be usedfor local economical development. 5.5.3 Employment and women status 5.5.3.1 Sihe Plant construction needs a professional personnel team also including some other personnel to do auxiliary work such as auxiliary building material transportation, pipe excavation, building rubbish cleaning, and auxiliary work of civil work etc. Local labor can be absorbed to do such work, which supplies job opportunities to idle labor. 62 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 5.5.3.2 The imported mass of construction people will locally increase the consumption of basic daily necessities and enhance local purchase power. Consumer demand by the mass of construction people will lead to establishment of local small shops and small restaurants, which increase job opportunities. 5.5.3.3 There will be 60 permanent staff when the Plant in operation supplying some jobs. 5.5.3.4 Women participating in Sihe Plant construction all the time take up fit work and make their contribution as men do. It is undoubted that women have the same status as men. 5.5.4 Benefit analysis for inhabitants 5.5.4.1 Sihe Plant will not only supply electric power to Jincheng Coal Group but also to inhabitants in Jincheng Municipality when synchronized. Electric power supply will strengthen foundation for local economic development. 5.5.4.2 Growth of electric power will improve the situation that urban inhabitants burn a large amount of coal, increase employment of electric household appliance, air conditionings and electrical cookers so as to improve life and living quality of the people. 5.5.4.3 Because Sihe Plant will use gas for generation, 266.1 thousand tons of coal would be conserved every year compared with the same capacity coal-fired power plant. That will mitigate environmental pollution incurred by coal fired generation and enhance living quality of inhabitants. 63 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 5.5.5 Land Requisition and Resettlement 5.5.5.1Having been agreed with the World Bank, these issues will be discussed in another specific report. 5.6 Construction Period 5.6.1 Ambient Air Impact 5.6.1.1 Fugitive dust pollution may arise during construction from ·excavating and exploring of land ·transportation of construction materials and other equipment 5.6.1.2The above mentioned dust pollution would last for a short time, with low intensity. The potential impacts are associated with any large scale construction project. Impact on the surrounding can be minimized if appropriate mitigation measures are applied, as discussed in chapter 7. 5.6.2 Water pollution 5.6.2.1 Water pollution can be avoided if the small amount of muddy waste water produced during construction can be discharged after setting. 5.6.2.2 The dejecta of constructors goes into toilets and then be transported for agricultural land. 5.6.2.3 The small amount of sanitary wastewater and cement mixing wastewater is treated by deposition and then used for spray. 5.6.2. 4 The amount of waste water produced during construction period is not large and most waste water can be reused or evaporated, which would not cause heavy impact on environment. 64 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 5.6.3 Solid waste 5.6.3.1 Construction spoils etc. solid waste should be disposed timely at the place appointed by authorizeddepartment. 5.6.3.2 The occupied land should be timely cleaned and recovered for afforestation when construction is finished. 5.6.4 Noise impact 5.6.4.1 Plant noise during construction period mainly comes from construction and traffic, etc, for which noise levels are shown in Table 5.6-1. 5.6.4.2 Predicted attenuation distances for construction noise in conformance with Noise limits for construction site GB12523-90. In general the constructing equipment with noise level over 100 dB (A) can not be operated simultaneously. If it is necessary for simultaneous operation, it should be in daytime and added noise level can not be higher than 110 dB (A). 5.6.4.3 The constructors should arrange and manage manipulation of construction machines properly. Piling is strictly forbidden at nighttime. Cranes and bulldozers shall not be arranged from 24:00 to 6:00 am of the next day as possible. 65 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Table 5.1-1 Table of Principal Environmental Impacts Item Environmental Impact A. Environmental Impact From Location Occupation of 75,320m2 land, used to be barren land and 1. Land occupied now proposed industrial land, does not incur any impact on agricultural production. Sihe Plant is located at the edge of Sihe mining area where coal columns are reserved to protect the mining 2.Mine area. Its construction and operation have no impact on coal mining. 3.Precious ecology No impact 4.Historic cultural No impact 5.Water supply No impact 6.Hydrologic status and flood frequency No impact B. Environmental issues in the project design 1. Atmospheric pollutants 1. Meet relevant standards and carry out monitoring plan. (NOX etc.) 2.surface water 2. Not to be discharged to Qinhe River except rain water. 3.Ground water 3. No impact on ground water. 4.Noise 4. Certain impact. 5. There is secondary circulating water system with 5.Cooling water system cooling towers and partial drainage is to be used and the excess dischargedto STS. 6.The waste liquid of boiler 6. To be discharged to STS after neutralization treatment. cleaning 7.Solid waste 7. Sihe Plant will use Coal-bed gas as fuel. No solid waste would be produced. Arrangement of buildings meets requirements on safe 8.Fire prevention distances and fire passages stipulated by relevant fire prevention regulations. And fire rating conforms to relevant rules. Naked flame forbidden around gas tank, gas piping, and 9.Blast prevention in coal-bed gas compressor house. Blast prevention shall be done upon electric apparatus. Alarm devices shall be installed. To fit equipment for lightning and electric shock 10.Satety protection. To take security protection measures upon other facilities. 11 Option of pollution- The optional environmental protection technology is to be controlling equipment considered to have the relevant criteria attained after treatment. 66 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant C. Environmental issues during Construction 1.Vegetation 1. Little local impact. 2.Kicked up dust and NOX 2. Some impact emission from traffic 3.Noise and vibration 3. Some impact to the constructors and surrounding people 4.Sanitation facility and constructors living 4. To satisfy relevant sanitation requirements D. Environmental Impact During Operation 1. Sufficient funds required to ensure the operation and 1.Fund administration of the various environmental protection measures. 2.Personnel Health and 2. Periodic physical examination Safety 3.Fire prevention, blast 3. T o formulate inspection systems of fire prevention, prevention and safety blast prevention and safety. To maintain relevant facilities to guarantee their normal operation. 4.Treatment of pollutants 4. Meetrelevant criteria and carry out monitoring discharged by the plant program 5.Transportation effects 5.The noise and dust raised bring some impact to the personnel and inhabitants in the vicinity E. Off-site transmission line 1.Rare and precious 1. No impact ecology 2.Environmenttal aesthetics 2. Basically no impact 3.Land destroyed and occupied 3. A little barren land 4.Eletromagnetic pollution 4. A little impact and noise F. Social-economic impact 1.Project occupied land 1. Give compensation to mitigate impact 2.Resettlement 2. None 3.Employment 3. T o provide chances of employee, to increase income of faming and position of women 4.Life level and quality 4. T o satisfy the need for electricity, to improve public facilities and living standards 5.Regional economic 5. T o increase gross national product and taxes G. Overall explanation of the environment problems 1.Damage to natural conservation region 1. No impact 67 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 2.Damage and improper utilization of scare resource 2. None 3.Do harm to endangered species 3. None 4.Leading to unreasonable migration of inhabitants 4. None 5.Enlarge the gap between the rich and the poor 5. No effect 68 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Table 5.1-2 the Main Pollutant Factors Main Pollutant Factors Main Pollutant Sources Air Water Solid Waste Noise Constructing High? med? low machines frequency Construction Building Constructing Med? low period construction TSP rubbish frequency Constructing BOD5 Living workers Petroleum rubbish Stack NOX Main High? med? low building frequency Operation Plant SS period drainage Acid cleaning water of PH? SS? COD boiler Transportation Power Electric- engineering transmission line magnetic noise Table 5.2 -1 Comparison Sihe Plant stack NOXemission with standards Phase Emission Concentration* (kg/h) (mgNm3) 52.8MW( ? ) in Y2004 106 180 79.2MW( ? ) Y2006+ Y2004 159 180 105.6MW( ? ) Y2004+ Y2006+ Y2008 212 180 World Bank Standard 2000** * Dry and 15% O2 content. **Ambient levels of ozone less than 120µg/m3 (8-hour) and nitrogen dioxide less than 150µg/m3(24-hour). 69 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Table 5.2-3 Noise sourceemission and mitigation measures Noise Mitigation Noise source Unit level number Mitigation measures e ffect (noise (dB( A) ) level drop) Noise insulation, vibration insulation of the base, Gas engine 96 95 fitted with exhaust 10-15 muffler, and noise absorption indoor Noise insulation, vibration Steam turbine 4 90 insulation of the base, 10-15 fitted with exhaust muffler noise absorption indoor, Coal-bed gas noise insulation of duty compressor 4 85 rooms, vibration insulation 5-10 of the base Feed water pump noise absorption indoor, noise insulation of duty of exhaust 85 5-10 heat rooms, vibration insulation of the base boiler Cooling tower 4 80 general arrangement plan Circulating water 4 85 To be arranged indoor 5-10 pump house Generators 4 90 Noise insulation at boundaries 5-10 Boiler blow- off 16 120 Silencer for blow -off 20-25 70 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Table 5.2 -4 Combustion and explosive characteristics of main components of gas (0? , 101.325kPa) methane ethane propane Normal isobutene Other Hydrogen item butane hydrocarbon sulfide CH4 C2H6 C3H8 C4H10 i-C4H10 C5-C8 H2S Density 1.36 kg/m3 0.72 2.01 2.71 2.71 3.45 1.54 Upper explosive limit 5.0 2.9 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.4 4.3 % ( V) Lower explosive limit 15.0 13.0 9.5 8.4 8.4 8.3 45.5 %( V) Self- ignition ? 645 530 510 490 290 Theoretical temperature of 1830 2020 2043 2057 2057 combustion ? Air quantity needed for combustion 9.54 16.70 23.90 31.02 31.02 38.18 1900 of 1m3 of gas( m3) Max flame propagation velocity 0.67 0.86 0.82 0.82 7.16 m/s 71 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Table 5.3 -1 Requirementsof 110kv transmission lines crossing Objective to be crossed Min. vertical distance (clearance) Railway 12m Qinhe River 8m 35kV transmission line 3m 110kV transmission line 3m Highway at county level 7m Table 5.6-1 Noise intensity of all kinds of constructionequipment Referenced Equipment Noise level dB( A) distance( m) Piler 95--107 15 Mixer 72--90 15 Crane 76--96 15 Bulldozer 96 15 72 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Figure 5.2 Noise level distribution of noise environmental impacts of the Plant under the condition that superposition of noise sources around is not taken into consideration. 73 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 6. Analysis of project alternatives 6.1 No action Without increased generating capacity, social and economic development will stagnate. 6.1.1 Jincheng Municipality is located in the southeast part of Shanxi power grid and belongs to the area of power shortage. According to power planning and programming of Shanxi Province, there is no large power supply source to be built before 2010 for supplying Shanxi Province. Therefore, power shortage of Jincheng Municipality would reach 1000MW. Construction of the Project can not only relieve power shortage contradiction but also be helpful to local economic development. 6.1.2 JAMC plans to attain annual production of raw coal of 800 millions tons per year till 2010.JAMC also plans to build high sulfur coal pulping and gas yield etc. industries with high additional values. Development of these industries all demand for electric power support. Construction of the Project is firstly helpful to development of JAMC. 6.1.3 The Project will be synchronized with Jincheng power grid and so it will play a role in supporting economical development of Jincheng Municipality. Sihe Plant will improve grid system operation 6.1.4 The Project is at the end of Jincheng power grid. Power plants in Jincheng power gird are all small hydroelectric or thermal power plants most of which have small units to be superseded. Building power supply source at the end of power grid can not only abate power shortage situation efficiently but also offer 74 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant power supply support to end of grid system to improve safety and reliability of grid operation. 6.1.5 The Project uses gas as fuel. The units start up fast and have strong peak regulating capacity. Construction of the Project can strengthen peak regulating capacity of grid system and improve power supply structure of grid system. Sihe Plant construction will promote local economic development. 6.1.6 Sihe Plant construction is good for development of Jincheng Municipal economy. 6.1.7 Sihe Plant construction will enhance sales volume of local consumables and household goods to promote development of relevant departments. 6.1.8 Sihe Plant will draw coal-bed gas from Sihe mining for generation which to some degree guarantees orderly and safe construction of coal mining, helpful to coal mining development. 6.2 Plant site alternatives 6.2.1 Sihe mining area reserves abundant coal-bed gas. If the site of analogous plant is not localized in Sihe mining area, there would be no conditions for using coal- bed gas for generation. 6.2.2 There is an existing Gas Extraction Station near proposed plant site. If the plant site is not here, the Plant will need comparatively long gas piping or another gas extraction system, which would increase investment of the Plant construction. 75 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 6.2.3 If the plant site is not here, the Plant will need comparatively long gas piping, which would increase investment not only to plant construction but also to safety measures. 6.2.4 There were eastern and western site alternatives (see Figure 4.4-2) with the borderline of Hou-yue railway. The two alternatives have their own advantages and disadvantages as listed in the following table. Eastern site Western site Quite close to Yinzhuang Village Further away from Yinzhuang Village Further away from the Gas Extraction Closer to the Gas Extraction Station Station Quite close to Hou-Yue Railway Further away from Hou-Yue Railway Construction safety issue appears for Construction safe it's close to the railway 6.3 Units replacement 6.3.1 If we choose a gas turbine and its combined cycle device, there are some advantages----heat efficiency is more than 46%, heat energy of fuel can be used thoroughly and the equipment can be purchased locally. However, a gas turbine demands high inlet gas pressure usually above 2.0Mpa. And thus concentration of CH4 drawn under mines gets into explosive limits with explosion danger. Therefore, a gas turbine can not be employed. 6.3.2 If we choose generators of gas boilers fitted with steam turbines, heat efficiency is generally 28% with quite a large amount of water consumption. This will bring 76 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant energy waste and not fit Shanxi area in short of water resource. Therefore, such generators can not be adopted. 6.3.3 We select a gas generator and its combined cycle de vice in the Project. Although the system has disadvantages----a number of main units, large land occupation and relatively high investment; but its heat efficiency is more than 42% and it can operate safely. 6.4 Fuel options 6.4.1 Fuel for generation in the area has two kinds. One is coal and the other is coal- bed gas. With regard to scale of the Project, both kinds of fuel can meet its requirements. Nevertheless, coal-bed gas is clean energy and so we choose coal- bed gas. 6.4.2 If we do not choose coal-bed gas for generation, coal-bed gas will be drawn and discharged out during excavation of mines, which cause energy waste. 6.4.3 If coal-bed gas is discharged to air instead of being used for generation, it will bring emission of a large amount of greenhouse gas----CH4, just listed after CO2. Annual reduced 151.14 millions m3 of CH4 is equivalent to 2.12 millions tons of CO2. 6.4.4 If coal is selected for fuel, annual coal consumption reaches 266.1 thousands tons subject to 360 grams of coal consumption per unit kW in grid system. Then it is equal to extra consumption of 266.1 thousands tons per year in coal fired power plants of equivalent scale. That will cause energy waste. 77 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 6.4.5 If coal is selected for fuel, coal fired power plants of equivalent scale would emit extra more than 2661 tons of SO2 every year, extra 532 tons of flue dust (20% of ashcontent and 0.5% sulphur in coal), extra 52550 tons of slag and extra 447.7 thousands tons of CO2. 6.5 NOXemission 6.5.1 NOX emission of gas generator combined cycle devices is less than 180mg/Nm3 (dry 15% O2 content). This is in advanced stage in the world. There is no relevant standard in China but it conforms to requirements of the World Bank. 6.5.2 Although NOX emission of gas generator combined cycle devices is more than that of gas turbine combined cycle units, burning coal-bed gas for gas generators is far safer than for gas turbine. 6.5.3 The calculation results seen in Chapter 5 show that NO2 ground concentration caused by 16 scattered stacks in the Project in originalfeasibility study report is so much over the limit of PRC standard. There is no plume thermal rise generally. In the meanwhile 40m high stack is not compliance with the World Bank regulation. It is necessary to recommend new scheme for the Project in order to reduce ground NO2 concentration contributedby the Project. 6.5.4 The consultant expert suggests that every section workshop be equipped with a 60m-long stack with inside diameter is 2m. Thus equipment configuration is in line wit h the feasibility report; however, 4 exhaust heat boilers should be Cornish boilers. Flue gas from 4 exhaust heat boilers will be emitted from one stack (totally 4 stacks in the Plant) and then outlet velocity of every stack will be 46.6m 3/s (flue gas temperature 160? , dry ), and NOX emission will be 53kg/h, totally 212kg/h. Ground concentration of NO2 would drop greatly and comply with relevant standards when this measure is carried out. 78 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 6.5.5 Although NOX emission from Sihe Plant is low, it can be decreased to 90mg/Nm3 (dry and 15%O2 content) through dilution combustion technology and larger units (e.g. 1800kW). 6.6 Waste water discharge 6.6.1 Waste water of Sihe Plant is treated by decentralized processing and discharged to sewage treatment station of Sihe industrial square. Accommodation of waste water from the Plant has been considered in construction of the sewage treatment station.. 6.6.2 If waste water is not discharged to the sewage treatment station, facilities in the station would not be utilized adequately which causes waste of built facilities. And in this case, the Plant needs to build new waste water treatment facility in order to treat waste water of the Plant demanding more capital investment, which is not economical. 79 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 7. Environmentalmanagement program 7.1 Environmental mitigation A summary table of principal mitigation measures and their associated capital and running costs is given as table 7.1-1. 7.1.1 Operating period Environmental management 7.1.1.1 One of the main mitigating measures against adverse impacts from power station developments is the application of strong environmental management techniques. 7.1.1.2 A technician is responsible for environmental protection workin Sihe Plant. The environmental protection work includes: to set up and prepare environmental management system of the Plant; centralized management and monitoring by specialized departments of pollutant discharging situation of each workshop; to be responsible to report relevant data of the Plant pollutant discharging to superior environmental protection department (Jincheng Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau); to receive inspection and supervision of environmental protection by Jincheng Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau; to monitor and ensure normal operation of pollutant control measures and safety measures listed in table 7.1-1 and conformation with requirements and relevant standards of China and the World Bank. 7.1.1.3 Scale of Sihe Plant is not large with simple pollutant emissions. There is no many staff in the Plant. Personnel of chemical workshop can do periodical pollutant monitoring of the Plant. Some monitoring work can also be done by Environmental Monitoring Station subordinated to Jincheng Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and the Plant should make a payment. 80 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Atmospheric pollution 7.1.1.4 NOX is major air pollutant emission of Sihe Plant. When 105.6MW units are built up completely, NOX emission will reach 212kg/h.and 180mg/Nm3 (dry, 15% O2 content). There is no relevant standardin China. But it is in accordance with the World Bank's requirement of 2000 mg/Nm3 (dry, 15% O2 content). 7.1.1.5 NOX of 212kg/h when Sihe Plant is built up will be emitted through chimneys of 4 exhaust heat boilers. Each chimney is 60m high with inside diameter 2m. Refer to detail in 6.5.4. 7.1.1.6 NOX emission of every chimney is 53kg/h. Emission temperature is approx. 160? . Emission velocity is 44.6m3/s. 7.1.1.7 Under conditions described in 7.1.1.5 and 7.1.1.6, predicted NOx ground concentration is in compliance with Class II standard. 7.1.1.8 NOXemission of Sihe Plant is at low level in analogue power plants. It is nowadays difficulty to take any further control measures. 7.1.1.9 The main factor of normal NOXemission is to ensure the system in proper situation during the whole operating period. Attention shall be paid to the factor in future operation. Water environment 7.1.1.10 Sihe Plant is to reduce the amount of water being abstracted by the Plant and enhance the reutilization rate of water. Sihe Plant will discharge the following wastewater after being treated. ·acidic and alkaline waste water ·oil contaminated water 81 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant ·Sanitary sewage is treated in septic pond. This waste water runs into STS after preliminarytreatment. 7.1.1.11 PH value of acidic and alkaline wastewater after being treated will reach 6-9, with 2.0mg/L of oil content, less than 200mg/L of SS, less than 180mg/L of COD, and less than 150mg/L of BOD. They meet requirements for going into STS. Amount of this water reaches 12t/h. 7.1.1.12 Circulating water system treatment adopts mainly physical methods as bellows: ·" Mie Jun Lin" kills bacteria with electromagnetic wave of high frequency. ·"Shui Gou Jin" produces resonance in a certain scope by radio frequency energy of particular spectrum to make old encrustation loose and off. 7.1.1.13 Circulating water effluent just contains high volume of salt. There is no limit requirement for it by China and the World Bank. This water of 7t/h will be reused for green-land irrigating and floor washing and the other 16t/h goes into STS. Effluent of STS is in accordance with primary standard for township secondary sewage treatment plants in Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) and relevant standards of the World Bank. (See Table 3.7-4). Noise 7.1.1.14 The Plant is to control the noise emissions from equipment and workshops to alleviate noise impacts to the environment. The major noise sources, noise limiting value and mitigations measures in the Plant are shown in table 5.2-2. 7.1.1.15 The Plant should install suitable control measures such as fitting silencers or noise enclosures for any equipment with high noise levels. These will include the measures outlined in Table 5.2-2. 82 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 7.1.1.16 Noise should be a consideration in detailed design and plant layout to minimize combined effects of noisy equipment, to minimize noise exposure to workers in the Plant and to guarantee compliance with the noise limitations at the site boundary. Some tree planting and construction of landscaping measures may also be used to help mitigate noise levels at the Plant boundary and beyond. 7.1.1.17 Suitable limitations on the number and location of open windows in the Plant and workshop areas should be considered. Contingency measures 7.1.1.18 The operation of a power plant presents some potential risks to the environment, such as oil spills, or chemical spills. To minimize these risks it is necessary to provide a management system that will identify and minimize risks, fires and provide systems and facilities to handle any occurrences. 7.1.1.19 It is standard practice to provide bulk storage tanks with an impermeable bund of sufficient capacity to contain the whole contents of the tank, (or of the largest tank if several tanks are enclosed), plus a margin for rainwater and fire fighting water. 7.1.1.20 Where practicable, pumps, valves, couplings, delivery nozzles and overspill pipes should also be contained within the bunded area. It is also recommended that pipework leading to or from the bund should be routed over the top of the bund in order to avoid the need to pierce the wall. 7.1.1.21 Where it is required to remove an accumulation of rainwater, this should be by means of a system requiring manual supervision, rather than simply to allow drainage through the bund in an uncontrolled manner. 83 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 7.1.1.22 Materials should be maintained on site to deal with any minor spills. This may include oil absorbent booms, to be employed on drainage ditches or the river and absorbent granules to mop up spills on land. 7.1.1.23 For Sihe Plant, importance should be attached to fire and blast incurred by coal-bed gas. The Plant should fit gas leakage alarm in gas tank area and ensure timely treatment of accidents to avoid contingence. In addition, particular attention should be paid to quality of coal-bed gas tanks, gas piping and relevant valves in the stage of design and placing an order. It is emphasized to pay attention to quality inspection in construction and erection to eliminate hidden dangers of construction possible to incur leakage in future. 7.1.1.24 In order to minimize the potential risks to the environment, it is also recommended that Sihe Plant should develop and maintain a risk management plan. This should include a management system and allocation of responsibilities, process safety information, hazard analysis, assessment of environmental consequences, incident investigation procedures, emergency response planning, training requirements and audit system. 7.1.1.25 The engineering outside the Plant includes water supply and coal-bed gas piping and 6km long 110kV transmission line. Offsite 7.1.1.26 The possible environmental impacts incurred by engineering outside the Plant are on landscape etc. The gas piping is very short, just 100m or so and it goes through waste land, which will not cause impact on ecological environment. 84 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant If pipe lying under ground is considered in design, it will be safer and will not occupy any land. 7.1.1.27 The water piping of 2km just goes through waste land and river shoal and does not pass by farmland, without impact on ecological environment. But it crossed over Hou-yue railway. In design, it should be considered that it is better to cross the railway under ground so as to reduce impact on landscape and railway operation. 7.1.1.28 Max electric field intensity of the110kV transmission line is 1.38kV/m, magnetic field intensity is between 0.049x10-3~0.257x10-3mT, which has no impact on surroundings. 7.1.1.29 For the 6km transmission line crossing rivers, the railway, and the 35kv and 10kv transmission lines, it is designed according to relevant criteria and there reserves certain clearance distances without interference. The line does not cross over houses and has no impact on residents. 7.1.1.30 The 6km of 110kV transmission line covers a total area of 576m2. The compensation will be made based on landoccupation cost of 10000yuan/tower and another 2875/tower. Farming production is affected little. 7.1.1.31 The extension of the Plant will incur negligible impact on terrestrial animals and to protect terrestrial plants is also to protect terrestrial environment. Visual impact 7.1.1.32 The area around the Plant is industrial zone. Construction of Plant is harmonious with surroundings. 85 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 7.1.1.33 The Plant area layout and the color scheme of structures should coordinate with the surroundings as much as possible. 7.1.1.34 The Plant should consider planting and adding to existing, evergreen woods for the Plant area and surroundings. Environmental management during construction will be the responsibility of the Environmental Department and a few of staff are needed to provide an adequate environmental monitoring and management system. The surface water drainage produced during construction should be treated by settlement. Both this and the domestic sewage from construction workers are used for spraying. Dejecta is discharged to toilets of the Plant and then transported outside. 7.2 Environmental monitoring 7.2.1 The proposed environmental monitoring to be conducted for the phase 2 development is summarized in table 7.2-1. 7.2.2 An environmental management unit will be established in Sihe Plant with a technician post taking up environmental protection work. 7.2.3 A number of mitigation features, including stack height, provision of bunds for oil land bulk chemical storage, and design of cooling water systems,are a simple matter of ensuring that the design and construction are in accordance with the mitigation requirements. Essentially this is a quality assurance matter for the design and construction process. 7.2.4 Monitoring items of waste water and the requirements are given in table 7.2-2 and monitoring points are shown in table 7.2-3. 86 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 7.2.5 Monitoring NOX emission at outlet of the stack can perform periodical monitoring (see table 7.2-1). NOX monitoring points in the surroundings can be localized in Yinzhuang Village and Panzhuang Village----summer monitoring points in Panzhuang Village and winter monitoring points in Yinzhuang Village. 7.2.6 Noise monitoring is mainly a concern for the Plant area and residential area (especially Qinzhuang Village). The monitoring frequency is 6 months. Monitoring should be done when approaching the annual average load, both in day time and at night (with day time monitoring generally at 08:00~12:00, night time at 22:00~05:00). 7.2.7 Monitoring items include equipment noise, noise at 1m away the section plant, boundary noise and noise in nearest village----Qinzhuang Village. 7.2.8 Equipment noise is measured at 1.5m away the equipment. Noise outside the section plant is monitored at one point separately at southern and northern sides and at two points separately at eastern and western sides. Boundary noise is monitored once every 100m. 7.2.9 Noise level is measured as required in relevant regulations of Measuring Method of Environment Noise of Urban Area (GB/T14623-93),Method of Measuring Noise at Boundary of Industrial Enterprises (GB12349-90) and Code of Measuring Noise at Boundary of Industrial Enterprises (GBJ127-88) etc. 7.2.10 The environmental monitoring and supervising items during construction include TSP, water discharges, mud and construction rubbish etc. noise and conservation of soil and water. 87 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 7.2.11 The principal instruments and monitoring equipment to be provided are shown in table 7.2-4. 7.2.12 The contract for construction of the power plant project should include clauses concerning relevant environmental protection and about situations to be supervised implemented by local environmental protection department and power plant. This should ensure that the daily life of residents in the vicinity of construction site not to be seriously disturbed. 7.3 Responsibilities for mitigation and monitoring 7.3.1 During the initial operational period, the National Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for checking all mitigation measures and monitoring systems. This includes all equipment, instruments and institutional arrangements. This comprises a completion check for the acceptance of the environmental protection and control equipment. 7.3.2 Following the completion check, the Plant is responsible for operation and supervision of all mitigation measures and environmental monitoring. The Plant is required to set up its own Environmental Management Department to carry out these responsibilities. Day to day management of the various pollution but overall environmental performance will be monitored by the Environmental Management Department. 7.3.3 The local Environmental Protection Bureau then has the responsibility of enforcing the relevant discharge and emission standards. To this end they will institute their own periodic monitoring and audit arrangements. 88 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 7.4 Training plan 7.4.1 It is a new issue in China to generate power with gas generators burning coal- bed gas. The Plant should organize relevant training on NOX emission control. 7.4.2 The Plant should also organize training on how to measure accurate NOX emission concentration through stack of Sihe Plant. 89 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Table 7.1 -1 Power plant Environmental Mitigation Measures Costs Mitigation of construction impact Capital cost (106yuan) Running NO Item cost(106yuan/year) Responsible Authoritied Local Imported Local Imported Jincheng Municipal Supervision Shanxi Provincial EPB 1a &control environmental management 0 Table 7.2-1 requires Jincheng Municipal department EPB to provide EMD 2 Maintain site house-keeping standars 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Constrction unit& Jincheng Wheel wash and road cleaning 3 0.01 0.0 0.0 0.0 Municipal environmental equipment for construction period management department Time noisy construction activies 4 0.01 0.0 0.0 0.1 during daytime 5 Select low noise methods of pile driving where possible 6 Use silencers or construction vehicles 0.0 0.01 0.0 0.1 Small amount of oily sewage and 7 slurry is treated by settlement and 0.0 0.01 0.0 0.1 then used for spray. Dejecta to be transported outside for 8 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 agricultural use Mitigation of operation impact-on site Tab Shanxi Provincial EPB Supervision &control by le requires Jincheng 1b 0.0 0.0 environmental department 7.2- Municipal EPB to 1 provide EMD 9 Utilise 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Exhaust heat boiler stack( including 10 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 foundation) 11 NOXemission concentration-- 180mg/Nm3 (15% O 2 content) Cooling water intake, and effluent of 12 4.36 Sihe Plant cooling towers and circulating water Waste water treatment system (oil 0.01 13 containated)water living sewege, 0.28 0.0 Sihe Plant acidic,alkaline water,boiler acid 5 washing wasterwater 14 Silencer 3.41 0.0 Sihe Plant Other noise control measures(vibration insulation and mitigation for gas engine, steam 15 turbine, generator, coal-bed gas 1.67 0.0 Sihe Plant compressor, feeding water pump of exhaust heat boiler, circulating water pump etc. and exhaust muffler and noise insulation duty room) 90 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Landscape planting sche to mitigate 16 0.23 Sihe Plant against noise 17 Fire alarm system 0.248 Sihe Plant 18 Fire fighting pump 0.06 Sihe Plant 19 Gas leakage alarm 0.5 Sihe Plant Table 7.2-1 Proposed Environmental Monitoring For the Project Mitigation Parameters Frequency Comments Capital Running No. 106 cost yuan 106 yuan/y 1 Environmental Annual Management 0 0 Management review 2 Stack height 1 QA of 0 0 construction 3 Coal-bed gas Annual Lab 0 0.15 4 NOX Continuously On-line monitoring 0.5 0.1 91 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 5 NOX Annual Acceptance when 0.01 being put into operation 6 Ambient NOX 3 times separately in summer and Jincheng Municipal winter in Monitoring Station continuous 2 years 7 QA of construction 0 0 8 Waste water \ 10 days-monthly See Table 7.2-2 0.1 9 Noise levels Annual 0 0.02 10 Planting Annual Management 0 0 review 11 Rail transport Continuous Records of 0 0 deliveries 12 Bunding 1 QA of construction 0 0 13 Emergency Annual Management 0 0 equipment review 14 Pipeline 1 Design issue 0 0 routing 15 Wheel wash Daily during Environmental 0 0 etc. construction Management 16 Construction Monthly 0 0.01 noise TOTAL 0.51 0.15 92 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant Table 7.2-2 Wastewater Monitoring Monitoring item Plant area drainage pH Once Suspended Solids Once COD Once Oil Twice at least per month Volatile mater BOD5 Table 7.2-3 Discharge monitoring points Series NO. Drainage kind Sampling points 1 Plant area drainage drainage of the Plantgoes into STS 2 Domestic sewage Discharge point into STS Table 7.2-4 Principal instruments& equipment for environmental monitoring Name of equipment Usage Quantity 1.Spectrophotometer Analyzing composition in gas, liquid(ultraviolet, routine) 2 2.Atom absorption spectrophotometer Analyzing heavy metal composition 1 3.Sound level meter Measuring noise 2 4.Ten thousandth balance Weighing 2 5.Micro-computer Data processing ,statistics 1 6.PH meter Measuring PH 1 7.conductivity meter Measuring conductivity in waste water 1 8.COD analyser Measuring COD contents 1 9.Oil analyser Measuring oil contents 1 10.flow -meter Measuing drainage flow capacity 1 11.NOX monitoring device Monitor NOXconcentration emitted by stacks 93 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant 8 Public participation and publicizing 8.1 Public participation EIA Center of MSRIC visited residents around the Project in EIA work and handed out public participation questionnaires. Refer to the detailed in Annex B. 8.1.1 The majority of the interviewees think that construction of Sihe Plant will be helpful to promoting local economic development. 8.1.2 The interviewees hope that Sihe Plant will make good options of noise equipment and noise mitigating measures to minimize noise impact on the surroundings. 8.1.3 Some part of interviewees hope that construction of Sihe Plant would not produce impact on water environment around. 8.1.4 The detailed public consultation is described in Annex B. 8. 2 Publicizing 8.2.1 JAMC has advised the public by Taihang Daily (newspaper) that EIA report of Sihe Plant has been finished, stored in the JAMC Office and hope the public can read the report and make suggestions. 94 Sihe Coal-bed Gas Power Plant